How are dividends for shareholders of banks paid?

Question: Banks are different from other firms, so I am not sure how shareholders (those with equity) of banks get paid their dividends. Asset minus liabilities figure do make sense in ordinary firm cases, but bank's assets are mostly loans, and liabilities are mostly deposits, which seem to make things really complicated.
Answer: Why? Balance sheet is balance sheet, why is it complicated? Bank shareholders get dividends in exactly the same way as any other company shareholders do: the company ends up with net profits, which the board of directors decides to distribute to shareholders based on certain amount per share. If at all.
Not all the profits are distributed, and in fact - there are companies who don't distribute dividends at all. Apple, for example, hasn't ever distributed dividends until very very recently.
Answer: A typical manufacturer buys raw materials, produces a product using labor and energy at a specific cost with some waste, and then sells the product to produce income.
A bank buys raw materials (deposits) by paying interest, then uses labor and energy to turn a portion of the raw materials into their product (loans), they then receive income (interest) on those loans. If the income exceeds the cost to buy and produce the loans taking into account losses due to delinquencies (waste) the bank company has made a profit.
The growing profits can lead to an increase in stock prices or the paying of dividends. The search for more raw materials can lead to paying more for the raw materials, or by buying other factories (branches) or even other bank companies.


What is biased? The model, the data or both?

Question: I wonder if we look at current state-of-the-art approaches for NLU like BERT if these approaches may incorporate an inherent bias as well. It may seem quite evident that if BERT produces biased output it is simply because it's picking up the latent structure of its training input, i.e., the bias lies in the data. But then again, how do we know an architecture (in this case BERT) does not favor a structural/sociatal bias, even if we had no bias (whatever that means) in the data, which could be understood as a form of bias as well? What if BERT itself is biased, gets biased data and produces even worse results (i.e., what if both the model and data are biased)? I read this paper, which is talking about a bias in the training data. I'm trying to extend that thought a little bit and would love your view on this.
Answer: You don't, so each time you need to validate the results and check if they are not biased. But let's start from the fact that it is not a binary case that the model is biased, or not. If it was that simple, we would just check if the model is biased and fix it, or not release it. Biases can be subtle, for example, Google likely did extensive testing before releasing their model, but still, they missed the case where it classified dark-skin individuals as gorillas. Also, keep in mind that, as discussed by Arvind Narayanan, there are multiple definitions and measures of fairness and it is impossible to satisfy them all at the same time.
Gathering data is hard, so it often ends biased. In many cases, you have no way of obtaining big, representative samples of data, especially for data sources like text, videos, voice recordings, or images. Moreover, in some cases even if you had a sample that was random and representative, it could be biased. For example, if you gathered all the police records from a particular region, there could be systematic racial biases because of societal biases (e.g. non-white individuals having a higher chance of being arrested because of being perceived as more likely to be criminals).
Models can be biased as well. For the sake of argument, let's assume that on average males write shorter sentences than females. You made a number of decisions based on the results you were observing when training the model on this data. For example, you turned the parameters responsible for the attention span of the model. This worked well for male-generated data, because the sentences were short, but may not work for data consisting of longer sentences, where you may need to look at the broader context. The hyperparameters and other architectural decisions you made are now baked in the model, even if someone re-trains it on the new data, the biases would be there.
For more details, you can check the Practical Fairness book by Aileen Nielsen.
Comment: Thanks a lot for your Input! :-)


Add domain to relative URLS inside iFrame

Question: I have a small problem which I am hoping someone may be able to help with. The page setup is a bit weird but it does serve a purpose.
I have an Iframe which lists a bunch of articles with links in the headings. I am simply trying to add the domain to each URL. BTW the Iframe is sitting on the same domain.
The code I have works however it grabs the first link, adds the domain and copies the same URL to each link on the page. It must be stuck in some sort of loop.
Code:
jQuery('#iframe').contents().find("h3.title a").attr("href", "http://www.mydomain.com" + jQuery('#iframe').contents().find("h3.title a").attr("href") );

HTML:

Article 1

Article Text

I would like to end up with this for each article:

Article 1

Article Text

Article 2

Article Text

etc...

I'm not much of a jQuery guru, so I can't seem to figure it out. I'm sure it has something to do with it looping back to the start and requires an each or this declaration somewhere...
Please let me know if you need more info.
Cheers
Palle
Answer: Ok...
I seem to have figured this out. Bit of a fluke I must admit.
jQuery('#iframe').contents().find("h3.title a").each(function(){this.href = this.href});

I hope this helps anyone with similar problems.


A Product of Connected Spaces Minus A Product of Proper Subsets of Both

Question: Let $A$ be a proper subset of $X$, and let $B$ be a proper subset of $Y$. If $X$ and $Y$ are connected, what can we say about the set $$(X \times Y) - (A \times B)$$ being connected or not?
Comment: What are your thoughts? Do you think it should be connected or disconnected? Have you thought of any examples?
Comment: **Hint:** how to disconnect $\mathbb{R}^2$ deleting a line?
Comment: Well, though I still can't locate the accept button in my display settings, I have been upvoting answers. I've even explicitly thanked a member for their contribution.
Answer: It's connected. Since $A \neq X$ there exists $x_0 \in X \setminus A$. Let $V=\{x_0\}\times Y$ and $y_0 \in Y$. Then consider $\langle x_1,y_1\rangle\in(X\times Y)\setminus(A\times B)$. If $y_1\notin B$, let $H=X\times\{y_1\}$. Then $H$ and $V$ are connected subsets of $(X\times Y)\setminus(A\times B)$ and intersect at $\langle x_0,y_1\rangle$, so $H\cup V$ is a connected subset of $(X\times Y)\setminus(A\times B)$ containing $\langle x_0,y_0\rangle$ and $\langle x_1,y_1\rangle$. If $y_1\in B$, then $x_1\notin A$; in this case let $V'=\{x_1\}\times Y$, pick any $y\in Y\setminus B$, and let $H=X\times\{y\}$. Then $V,V'$, and $H$ are connected, $V$ and $H$ intersect at $\langle x_0,y\rangle$, and $H$ and $V'$ intersect at $\langle x_1,y\rangle$, so $V\cup H\cup V'$ is a connected subset of $(X\times Y)\setminus(A\times B)$ containing $\langle x_0,y_0\rangle$ and $\langle x_1,y_1\rangle$.
Comment: @SaaqibMahmuud Suppose for $x,y \in X$ there exists a connected subspace $C(x,y)$ such that $x,y \in C$. Then for fixed $x$, $X = \cup_{y \in X} C(x,y)$, which is a union of connected sets, all of whom intersect in the same point $x$, so their union, i.e. $X$, is connected too. The same fact is also used in Brian's proof (it holds for any number of sets, not just finitely many). Other proof: in a supposed decomposition, pick $x$ and $y$ in different parts and conclude $C(x,y)$ would be disconnected...
Comment: Thus we can conclude that any two points of the original space can be enclosed in a connected subspace. What next? How does the connectedness of the whole space follow from this?


Install Wordpress - Localhost

Question: I am following a Lynda.com course to be trained on Wordpress and how to install and configure MAMP and WordPress. Everything has run smoothly until now, however, I have difficulties with finding the setup page for WP. The course tells me to write: "http://localhost/wp-admin/setup-config.php" but nothing happens. As I am a beginner, any clear guidance would be helpful. Many thanks in advance!
Comment: "nothing happens"...something has to happen.  Do you get an error, white screen, etc?  Are you sure you have your server running?  What happens when go to just http://localhost/?
Comment: Thank you for your comment. The link leads me to Wordpress support page (forum) where a user shared a similar issue.
Answer: If you have default configuration for Mamp, URL must contains the port number.
http://localhost:8888/

Install Wordpress - Localhost


Multi hard drives

Question: I am planning on putting ubuntu on my gaming rig. Right now I have a 240 GB SSD with Windows 10 installed and a 4TB HDD for storage of my Steam library. I would like to come back from the dark side and replace Windows with Ubuntu. Dose anyone have any recommendations on a prtitopning sceem that would allow me to put ubuntu on my SSD and my games and files on my HDD
Answer: OS on SSD and Data on HDD
Ubuntu installed on the SSD should be able to access the games on the HDD OK. You can also put your Ubuntu "/home" partition on the HDD to save SSD space.
During the install when partitioning use "Something else". create your "/" root partition on the SSD and your "/home" partition on the HDD.
Alternatively you can install to the SSD and then create a "/home" partition on the HDD, then give the path to the new home in /etc/fstab.

Multi hard drives


Snipping First Tomato Blossoms

Question: I just planted my tomatoes, and on the advice of my neighbor, I snipped the first blossoms. After reading other's advice, I think I made a mistake. Will my plants still bear fruit?
Answer: I suspect you'll be fine.  There are lots of opinions about these things and I'm not sure that any of them is the definitive answer.  What I do know is that tomatoes do really well if they have enough warm sunny days and a consistent watering in a healthy soil.  Sometimes those first blossoms fall off anyway so I don't think it much matters.  I believe the theory is that pinching those off will result in bigger fruit or a stronger plant.  I've had big fruit and strong plants before and didn't pinch them off.  There are a lot of variables with plants.
I plant my tomato plants sideways in a shallow trench like so:

I remove all the leaves except the topmost and plant most of that stem in the ground.  Sideways allow the plant to heat up more and that will spur the growth.  All that stem under the ground will create more roots (beyond those in the original seedling planting medium) and will make the plant grow even better.
Comment: I agree.  If the tomatoes were recently transplanted they need time to get the roots established and so not a good time to be supporting fruit.  Some types of tomatoes (paste tomatoes especially IME) can suffer from blossom end rot which can be caused by lack of water which in turn can be caused by under established roots.  Give the plants time to establish a strong root system and you will have more tomatoes that you will know what to do with.
Comment: I have removed and not removed the first blossoms, now I don't so I can enjoy fruit more quickly.  I do remove all leaves under the first fruits/

Snipping First Tomato Blossoms


Brand New AMD GPU Not being detected by Cycles

Question: I'm running Blender on Arch Linux with an AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT and the latest drivers and for some reason Blender is unable to detect my GPU as being compatible with HIP. As far as I am aware, my GPU should be more than compatible with the specifications required of me. I've attached a screenshot of the screen to show what I mean.
Comment: If your drivers are up to date and you're using the latest version of both Blender and your version of Linux, you should report it as a bug via Help > report a Bug  as there are no developers here who can help you.
Comment: Just to rule out a few silly mistakes, have you connected your monitor to the GPU's and not to the mainboard's HDMI/display port? Are you sure the system uses the graphics card and not the integrated GPU? https://askubuntu.com/questions/5417/how-to-get-the-gpu-info or https://www.baeldung.com/linux/check-monitor-active-gpu
Comment: My graphics card should fine since I don't have an integrated GPU set up on this desktop and the graphics card works just fine when doing something else on the system like playing a game or what have you. I'm going to report this bug and see what comes of it
Answer: So I figured out what the problem is. I'm using Arch Linux and I didn't realize that I needed a specific package called 'hip-runtime-amd' in order to properly run the Cycles renderer on my OS. After installing that package it works like a charm!
Comment: What would the Ubuntu equivalent be?
Answer: ran into the same issue with a new NVIDIA gpu and I think this might be a bug now that I'm seeing your question from the AMD side (and after trying basically everything possible in my case for a few days now that others online with the same issue did). Bugs should be reported...but in the off chance for you this isn't a bug here are some things that were suggested online while trying to fix my issue with this that worked for a few others that might help you:

reset BIOS with the new GPU (pretend you're starting from scratch) and make sure BIOS is up to date
make sure windows is up to date
do a clean reinstall of blender (delete all versions in the cache folder and use something like revo uninstaller to make sure it's all gone)
do a clean reinstall of your gpu drivers and make sure you're using the "studio driver" instead of the "games driver" (whatever AMD's equivalent is: this link I found is from 2021 but looks helpful for you)
go into AMD's control panel (Radeon settings) and make sure everything is set to compatible (for NVIDIA you go to NVIDIA control panel and set to a blender [vs global settings] and make sure the options are a little more 3d frinedly)
make sure in device manager you have no gpu errors/events (you might have a migration error if it's a new install, but this is fixed by resetting BIOS usually)
as others have said, do a benchmark test or test your gpu function on another program that's GPU heavy such as Premiere or After Effects.

if all that fails it's safe to assume it's a blender issue, not a hardware issue. Same boat as you, thanks for posting this regardless so others with new GPUs can see it might be a bug, there wasn't much online when searching this for myself.


How can I enable Hardmode?

Question: What items do I need to make my world Hard Mode?
Comment: @RonanForman Please roll back your edit; the mobile version has no hardmode thus the tag is important.
Comment: Please only use the [tag:ios] tag if it actually matters what version you are using, as this applies to all versions of Terraria the tag is unneeded.
Comment: @Doorknob We are allowed to answer the question within the scope of all versions, as you have done. It's okay. It's better that way.
Comment: sorry i just never played pc version so i dont know whats only on pc and whats on console.
Answer: To enter hardmode, follow these steps:

Kill a Voodoo Demon and take the Guide Voodoo Doll it drops. Voodoo Demons spawn in The Underworld.
Throw the doll into lava (in The Underworld).
Fight the Wall of Flesh boss that you have just spawned.
Once you have killed the Wall of Flesh, you have just entered Hardmode!

On the mobile version of the game, you need to update your game to a minimum of 1.1.5822 on Android and 1.1.5536 on iOS to get the hardmode update. See Terraria wiki's mobile version history article for more information.
Hardmode content differs slightly between PC, mobile and console version of the game. See their respective wiki articles for more info.
Answer: Watch ImperfectLion's videos on YouTube, it shows you that he has Hardmode on iOS.but you have to download a bunch of files and watch tutorials thatbwill actually enable it onto your device.my opinion though is that you probably shouldnt try it because theres been some complaints about crashes and bosses and hardmode items not spawning.but i still recommend that you at least watch the tutorial that ImperfectLion suggests in the description of his Terraria videos. (I can't say which episode he mentions it, but I know that the title of the video was "Terraria-episode something-Demon Wings?").Other than that, yeah Hardmode is pretty much not available on iOS unless the creators make some sort of update or something...
Hope this helps
Answer: First when you go into the Hellworld you need to find a voodoo demon. You will recognize it by the voodoo doll it carries while flying around. However, you could get unlucky and no demon will spawn. Anyway, after you kill it it will drop a voodoo doll of your guide. By this point in the game the guide is pretty much just an annoyance so the first thing you would do is probably drop it in lava, right? Well, if you do then the WoF will spawn, triggering Hardmode upon it's defeat. Hope that helped :D
It won't work on mobile btw

How can I enable Hardmode?


How are nonlocal games used in device-independent quantum cryptography?

Question: As I understand it, device-independent quantum cryptography enables you to safely perform cryptographic operations without necessarily trusting the quantum device on which they are performed. Nonlocal games are said to have applications in this domain; see for example A Monogamy-of-Entanglement Game With Applications to Device-Independent Quantum Cryptography by Tomamichel et al. Is there a simple explanation of how nonlocal games can help in this domain? I understand the mechanics of the CHSH game quite well.
Comment: See also: https://quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/4645/using-xor-games-to-benchmark-quantum-computers
Answer: Imagine you're playing a CHSH game with someone, although you don't know what quantum system it is that you're playing with, or even what measurements it is that you're doing on the system.  You just know that you're getting the average value
$$
\langle A_1(B_1+B_2)+A_2(B_1-B_2)\rangle=2\sqrt{2}
$$
(where measurement results of $\pm 1$ are recorded in $A_1$ and $A_2$ by the first player for their two separate measurements, and in $B_1$ and $B_2$ for the second player's two separate measurements). The simple fact that you got this value of $2\sqrt2$ tells you that, in effect, you have a maximally entangled qubit pair, and that your measurements are acting as qubit measurements with the correct relative angles to generate the CHSH result. That's the essence of how device-independent crypto works, as you could now use this "thing that's proven to be equivalent to a Bell pair+measurements" in a standard crypto scheme such as the key distribution protocol of E91.
If, instead, you get some expectation value $2<S\leq2\sqrt2$, then you know that at least some of your answers are being generated in a truly random way (and it gives you a quantitative statement about how much somebody else could know about those randomly generated answers) because if they're not, you'd have to be getting $S\leq 2$.
Comment: Not if you're being careful about light cones. You can only do a classical simulation if at least one party knows both measurement settings. So one of the conditions is that the answers come fast enough that it's impossible that either party knows both settings.
Comment: Couldn't you both be playing on a classically-simulated quantum computer which has access to all your amplitudes and therefore your secrets?


Negative skew on positive data set

Question: I have a data set of 93 points where the lowest value is 0.26 and the highest is 1.06. When I compute the sample skewness in Mathematica using the languages built in function I get a skewness of -0.752! This seems bizarre to me. Is it possible to have a data set in which every point is positive, yet the skewness is negative? I fail to see how this can happen. What's going on here, error in the language? Something else I might be missing?
Answer: Yes this is entirely possible. To quote wikipedia:

Skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution
  of a real-valued random variable about its mean. The skewness value
  can be positive or negative, or undefined.

If you take a look at what this means visualy (from WhatIs.com):

Your data seems to have a tendendcy to be left skewed and thus has heavier tails on the left side of the distribution, when compared to a symetrical (normal) distribution.
Comment: "skewness ...  about its mean" is the key point here.  Shifting the location of a distribution (adding a positive or negative constant to all the values) does not affect its skewness
Answer:
I have a data set of 93 points where the lowest value is 0.26 and the highest is 1.06. ... I get a skewness of -0.752
This seems bizarre to me.
Is it possible to have a data set in which every point is positive, yet the skewness is negative?

Certainly, since skewness is unaffected by location shift. Since it seems unsusprising to have negative skewness with negative data, try this exercise ---

Make yourself a set of data with negative skewness, any way you like -- and by any reasonable measure of skewness you prefer.
Small data sets are fine; you'll need at least 3 observations. (I'll do the same exercise, parenthetically)
.
.
(here's my set of data:
<code>-95  -27 -303  -21 -162  -62 -130  -95 -395  -11  -89   -6   -5 -156 -224
-71  -45  -31  -23  -71
</code>
One possible formula for moment skewness gives about -1.50. Second Pearson skewness is -0.868)
.
Now add a constant amount to every observation, enough to make all the data positive. Recompute the skewness.
This will be much more effective if you actually do the exercise. Try it!
.
.
.
If you did it right, the skewness didn't change.
(My try: I add 400 to every data point. Now I get that moment skewness is -1.50 and second Pearson skewness is -0.868)

A second exercise would be to make a data set (all positive) with positive skewness and flip it around in place -- that is, let $y_i = \max(x_i)+\min(x_i)-x_i$ for $i=1, 2,...,n$; you'll end up with negative skew and positive data.
Try this small data set (but also make one for yourself):
<code>1  2  4  8 15
</code>
the skewness is positive (by pretty much any skewness measure you like).
Now make a new data set but subtracting those values from 15+1 = 16:
15 14 12  8  1
(leaving the min and max unchanged). You should get the same value for skewness, but with the opposite sign, so it will be negative. Again, positive data, negative skewness.

I fail to see how this can happen.
Something else I might be missing?

Well, it kind of looks like you don't quite understand what any of the usual measures of skewness is measuring but it's hard to guess what precise line of thinking you had because you didn't explain it -- it's not clear why you thought what you did.
This happens with real data -- see for example the numerous examples here: Real life examples of distributions with negative skewness
Or consider the very simple case of binomial sampling with $p$ considerably higher than one-half (roll an ordinary die ten times and count the number of times you rolled more than 1). Here's a simulated set of 1000 such counts:

As you see, the values are positive (all between 4 and 10 in this run) and yet (by inspection) the skewness will be negative.

Negative skew on positive data set


Compute marginal density given conditional density

Question: Given a continuous random variable $X$ with conditional pdfs $$f_{X=x|Y=0}\qquad \text{and}\qquad f_{X=x|Y=1}$$ and the probability of a discrete random variable $Y$ as $P(Y=0)=0.1,P(Y=1)=0.9$, how can I compute the marginal density $f_X$? Is it perhaps $$0.1f_{X=x|Y=0}\qquad+\qquad0.9f_{X=x|Y=1}\qquad?$$ I have found some formulas but they don't apply to this case as there is one discrete and one continuous rv and also the joint density function is needed. Also, how can I compute the joint density function? All formulas I found needed one to compute the other.
Answer: We know that for any event $E$:
$ \hspace{10pt} P(E) = P(E|Y=0)\cdot P(Y=0)+P(E|Y=1)\cdot P(Y=1) $
When $E$ is the event that $X\leq x$:
$$P(X\leq x) = P(X\leq x|Y=0)\cdot P(Y=0)+P(X\leq x|Y=1)\cdot P(Y=1) $$
That is, in terms of the CDF:
$$F_X(x)=F_{X|Y=0}(x)\cdot P(Y=0) + F_{X|Y=1}(x)\cdot P(Y=1)$$
Differentiating wrt $x$ we obtain:
$$f_X(x)=f_{X|Y=0}(x)\cdot P(Y=0) + f_{X|Y=1}(x)\cdot P(Y=1)$$
So yes, you are right!
Answer: As your question about the marginal distribution has already been answered, I'll address the joint density question.
This one is a bit subtle, because $X$ is continuous while $Y$ is discrete, so $(X, Y)$ is neither continuous nor discrete.
The interpretation of a joint density in this case is a function $f_{X, Y}$ such that, for any interval $(a, b) \subseteq \mathbf{R}$ and subset $I \subseteq \{0, 1\}$, we have that
$$
\Pr(X \in (a, b), Y \in I)
= \int_a^b \sum_{y\in I} f_{X, Y}(x, y)\, \mathrm{d}x.
$$
(if you've seen any measure theory, this states that $f_{X, Y}$ is the density with respect to the product of the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbf{R}$ and counting measure on $\{0, 1\}$).
Thus, we can compute
\begin{align*}
\Pr(X \in (a, b), Y = 0)
&= \Pr(X \in (a, b)| Y = 0) \Pr(Y = 0) \\
&= \int_a^b \frac{1}{10} f_{X|Y=0}(x)\, \mathrm{d}x,
\end{align*}
and similarly
\begin{align*}
\Pr(X \in (a, b), Y = 1)
= \int_a^b \frac{9}{10} f_{X|Y=1}(x)\, \mathrm{d}x.
\end{align*}
Together, this allows us to write the joint density
$$
f_{X, Y}(x, y)
= \begin{cases}
\frac{1}{10} f_{X|Y=0}(x) & \text{if } y = 0, \\
\frac{9}{10} f_{X|Y=1}(x) & \text{if } y = 1.
\end{cases}
$$


Does the original Counter-Strike have "official" servers?

Question: Does CS have official Valve servers as CS: Global Offensive? When searching for servers I find countless community servers using custom game modes (I can't change 'game' filter), sounds, textures and rules.
Comment: Related: http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/25707/how-to-find-steam-only-counter-strike-1-6-and-source-servers
Comment: If I recall correctly from my days of playing Half-Life and CS the answer is no and yes. Specifically, gamers had to host there own game servers but, to my knowledge, you had to connect your service to Valve (and eventually Steam) so that others could discover your server. Of course users had the option to share server IPs with one another but if you wanted to go global, you had to connect it to Valve's servers. To be clear, Valve didn't host any games but they did host the connecting/server searching system.
Comment: I say this to make it clear. If you install an old ISO, there is a good chance you won't be able to discover any games, including your own from a personal hosting server but I could be wrong on that assumption. Valve could still have those old updating servers running that would automatically patch your game so that it can connect up to the latest steam servers, even after a decade of it's initial release.
Answer: it never had official servers, as they never hosted any sort of Match Making or anything close to that prior to Global Offensive.
Any and all servers in CSSource and older are all community servers.
I figured the best way to receive proper experience is to find a big gaming chain that hosts many (and most likely different servers) A local site hosted like 20 servers when I was playing with them, there were admins, reporting the whole 9 yards.
Comment: @user598527 I don't think so, your best bet is to look for "Classic" or something similar in the title.
Comment: Is there a way to disable all custom content?


Can a teenage runaway get refugee status or migrate?

Question: If a teenager runs away because they have an emergency, for example, their parents are threatening to kill them, would the US Embassy in the UAE help them migrate?
Answer: If you are not a US citizen, it is unlikely that the United States would interfere with parental or custody decisions made by other governments. As you are in the United Arab Emirates, it does have resources that may be able to help.

Children's rights
Federal Law No. 3 of 2016 concerning child rights, also known as Wadeema's Law, stresses that all children must be provided with appropriate living standards, access to health services, education, equal opportunities in essential services and facilities without any kind of discrimination. The law protects children against all forms of negligence, exploitation, physical and psychological abuses.
The law allows childcare specialists to remove children from their homes against parents' wishes and without judicial permission in cases of imminent danger. In less severe cases, specialists may intervene by visiting the child regularly, providing social services and mediating a solution between the family and the child.
Those who put children in danger, abandon them, neglect them, leave them without supervision, do not enroll them in school or register them upon their birth will be subject to a prison sentence or a fine. The law applies to all children up to the age of 18.
Children's Safety
Hotlines
Schoolchildren can use the hotline number 80051115 to communicate directly with Ministry of Education regarding any issue that may affect their learning process. Education specialists supervise the hotline.

The UAE Ministry of the Interior Child Protection Centre does investigate allegations of abuse, both physical and emotional, and neglect. If you feel you are in imminent danger, you might confide in a trusted adult, such as a teacher at your school and, perhaps, ask them to go with you to the authorities.


Does rsyslog use lowercase letter for from host message properties?

Question: I would like to ask question about fromhost message properties.
http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/v7-stable/configuration/properties.html
I am using rsyslog 7.4.7 on RHEL 7.3 . However, the fromhost message properties seems to set the hostname in lowercase letters even though uppercase letters are used for hostname in /etc/hosts/
/etc/hosts
[root@RHEL73-1 log]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

10.0.2.12 RHEL73-1
10.0.2.13 RHEL73-test

However, when log from remote log is received fromhost is set as lowercase letters.
Debug line with all properties:
FROMHOST: 'rhel73-test', fromhost-ip: '10.0.2.13', HOSTNAME: 'RHEL73-2', PRI: 30,
syslogtag 'systemd:', programname: 'systemd', APP-NAME: 'systemd', PROCID: '-', MSGID: '-',
TIMESTAMP: 'Nov 13 20:01:01', STRUCTURED-DATA: '-',
msg: ' Removed slice user-0.slice.'
escaped msg: ' Removed slice user-0.slice.'
inputname: imudp rawmsg: '<30>Nov 13 20:01:01 RHEL73-2 systemd: Removed slice user-0.slice.'

Is the resolved hostname set as lowercase or uppercase ? Document seems to not mention about this behavior...
Comment: how does the IP address of the server resolve on the receiving end?
Comment: I only use /etc/hosts . I do not have dns.  */etc/hosts* I pasted is the one on receiving end.
Answer: It seems that rsyslog stores the result of reverse lookups only in lower cases, even if a dns is configured. I observed this behaviour in 8.24.0-41.el7_7 rhel7.
Answer: This is not an rsyslog issue in my opinion:
It seems that valid hostnames are per RFC (952) case-insensitiv:
see here for the similiar SO question https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3523028/valid-characters-of-a-hostname
which qoutes wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname
'The Internet standards (Requests for Comments) for protocols mandate that
component hostname labels may contain only the ASCII letters 'a' through 'z'
(in a case-insensitive manner), the digits '0' through '9', and the hyphen
('-').'

added the mentioned RFC 952:
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc952
1. A "name" (Net, Host, Gateway, or Domain name) is a text string up
to 24 characters drawn from the alphabet (A-Z), digits (0-9), minus
sign (-), and period (.).  Note that periods are only allowed when
they serve to delimit components of "domain style names". (See
RFC-921, "Domain Name System Implementation Schedule", for
background).  No blank or space characters are permitted as part of a
name. No distinction is made between upper and lower case.  The first
character must be an alpha character.

Comment: Pretty much everything normalizes Internet hostnames to lowercase. This should not be unexpected.


19 balls and a scale

Question: You are given 19 identical-looking balls and a two-sided scale. One of the balls is different, either lighter or heavier than the others. Using 4 weighings of the scale, how can you determine which ball is odd and whether it's lighter or heavier?(in a systematic way)
Comment: There's a very elegant answer here: https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/a/10829/15942
Answer: Here is one obvious strategy

 Choose any twelve balls, divide them into two groups of six and compare the two groups using the scales. If the scales tips one way (is not balanced) then we know that this group of 12 contains the odd ball and we can use any of the strategies detailed in the answers to this question to deduce the odd ball and its relative weight in three more weighings.
 Otherwise, if the scale is balanced then we know the odd ball is one of the remaining 7. In this case, we can just add 5 balls from the first group to make 12 and then repeat one of the strategies detailed in the answers to this question.

Note

 This quick generalisation gives us a strategy of deducing the odd ball up to a set size of 24.

A very pleasant solution to the 12 balls, 3 weighings question was referenced by Gareth McCaughan here which I have just copied into the spoiler text below for quick reference

 Some of the existing answers to this ancient question are excellent, but there's one famous answer that I think deserves mention here. It comes from an article in Eureka, the annual magazine of the University of Cambridge's student mathematical society, written by C A B Smith under the pseudonym of "Blanche Descartes".
 It has two very nice features. The first is that it's an "unbranching" solution: you don't need to change what you do on later weighings depending on the results of earlier ones. The second is that once you've seen it it's almost impossible to forget.
 Smith's solution is written entirely in verse and includes an explanation of how it all works, but I shall quote only the actual answer. "F" here is our protagonist Professor Felix Fiddlesticks, whose mother has asked him for help with the puzzle. I have made some trifling changes to the original formatting.
 F set the coins out in a row
 And chalked on each a letter, so,
 To form the words: F AM NOT LICKED
 (An idea in his brain had clicked.)

 And now his mother he'll enjoin:
 "MA, DO / LIKE
 ME TO / FIND
 FAKE / COIN!"
 Each of the three lines of F's injunction describes one weighing. When you've done them all, the results uniquely determine which coin is fake and in which way.

Further reference

 I think that for 4 weighings we can actually find the odd ball in a set of size $\frac{3^4 - 3}{2} = 39$.
 A good discussion of the general problem is given here
Comment: @ChrisCudmore Yes, that is what I meant, thanks for the edit.
Comment: Check edit to verify it's what you mean.
Comment: @hexomino I needed a solution where I can apply it using truth table. I made it but I had to do two cases(two tables - by dividing the balls into two groups 12-7) I was wondering if I there was a method that can do it using only 1 table?
Answer: Summary : Using the first 2 weighings, find out whether the odd ball is heavier or lighter than the rest. Also, with the help of these 2 weighings, narrow down the candidates which contain the odd ball to 9 or less. It is then easy to find out which is the odd ball using 2 more weighings.
Now the details :
We have one odd ball. Let us call the rest of the balls, normal balls.
Put 5 balls on one pan , 5 balls on the other pan and keep the rest of the 9 balls out and make the first weighing .
Case 1) The scale is in balance.  We now know that the odd ball is among the 9 balls that have been kept outside and all the 10 balls that have just been weighed are normal balls and have the same weight.
Now, take any 9 balls from these 10 balls that were just weighed  and put them on the left pan. Take the 9 balls that were kept outside and put them on the right pan. Now, do the second weighing. If the right pan goes down then we know that the odd ball is heavier than the rest. If the right goes up then we know that the odd ball is lighter than the rest.
We now know whether the odd ball which was present on the right pan is heavier or lighter than the normal balls. We now have to identify which one is the odd ball among these 9 balls. This can be done in just 2 more weighings using this method.
Thus, a total of 4 weighings are needed for case 1.
Case 2) Scale is not in balance. Odd ball is among these 10 balls and the 9 balls that were kept outside during the first weighing are all normal balls. Take the 9 balls that were kept outside during the first weighing and put them in the left pan. Take any 9 balls from the 10 balls that were weighed  during the first weighing and put them on the right pan. We now have 18 balls on the scale and one outside.
Possibility 1: Scale is in balance. This means that the odd ball is the one that was kept outside. Put this ball on one pan of the scale and put a normal ball on the other pan. If the odd ball pan is below the pan containing the normal ball then the odd ball is heavier than the normal ball. If the odd ball pan is above the pan containing the normal ball then the odd ball is lighter than the normal balls.
Possibility 2: Scale is not in balance.  If the right pan is above the left pan then the odd ball is lighter than the normal ball. If the right pan is below the left pan then the odd ball is heavier than the normal balls. We now know that the odd ball is heavier/ lighter than the normal balls and we also know that it is among the 9 balls on the right pan. Again, using this method , we can, using 2 more weighings, identify the odd ball from among these 9 balls.

19 balls and a scale


How to conduct inference on binomial proportions with small sample sizes?

Question: Suppose we have a one-sample binomial proportions problem with a small number of trials (say 5–10 trials). I want to conduct inference and come up with a p-value for testing $p\neq p_0$ for some $p_0$ prescribed proportion. What are some ways to do this? Is there a Fisher's Exact test analogue for one-sample? What about re-randomization tests?
Comment: Because tests and confidence intervals are very nearly equivalent, please search for posts on [binomial confidence intervals](https://stats.stackexchange.com/search?tab=votes&q=binomial%20clopper%20pearson&searchOn=3).
Comment: Before you go far down this path, examine your power curve at various p-p0 values. Consider whether this will be useful for your purposes (it might be, but often people are surprised by how large an n they need for good power)
Comment: It's just a matter of identifying the rejection rule and then calculating the rejection rate for any set of values of p that are of interest. For any given p it's essentially a binomial tail probability (which can be evaluated fairly easily) but simulation is also straightforward.
Comment: @Glen_b Yes, but OP can't identify a rejection region or evaluate a power curve until they know how to conduct a statistical test in the first place. Which is OP's question. Note also that identifying the rejection region for a two-sided binomial test is a non-elementary problem that has several different solutions in use in the literature.
Comment: @Glen_b Thanks, could you suggest resources for me to construct such a power curve?
Comment: @user321627 It's noticeable that you haven't accepted either of the answers. What has not been addressed? IMO there is a clear-cut answer to your question because the binomial test with smallp rejection region is the clear analogue of Fisher's exact test for contingency tables.
Answer: Just use the binomial distribution directly. Evaluating one-sided p-values is just a matter of binomial tail probabilities. If you observe $y$ successes out of $n$ trials and you want to test $H_0$: $p=p_0$ vs $H_a$: $p>p_0$ then the one-sided p-value is $P(Y \ge y)$ where $Y$ follows the Bin($n$, $p_0$) binomial distribution.
The one-sided p-value of $H_0$ vs $H_a$: $p<p_0$ would be $P(Y \le y)$.
For example, suppose $n=8$, you observe $y=7$ and $p_0=0.4$.
Then the one-sided upper-tail p-value is
> y <- 7
> n <- 8
> p0 <- 0.4
> pbinom(y-0.5, size=n, prob=p0, lower.tail=FALSE)
[1] 0.00851968

which is 0.0085.
This is an exact binomial-test p-value.
Two-sided tests of $H_0$: $p=p_0$ vs $H_a$: $p\ne p_0$, are a little more complicated because there are several competing ways to construct the rejection region when the null distribution is asymetric.
If $p_0=0.5$, then the null distribution is symmetric and you can simply multiply the smaller of the two one-sided p-values by 2.
If the null distribution is not symmetric then you can still
multiply the smallest one-sided p-value by 2 to get a valid two-sided p-value, an approach that is simple and easy but not the most popular as it is somewhat conservative.
The method that is most closely analogous to Fisher's exact test is to take the sum of all the binomial probabilities that are less than or equal to $P(Y=y)$ given that $p=p_0$.
My function exactTest implements four different ways to compute the two-sided p-value (see https://rdrr.io/bioc/edgeR/man/exactTest.html).
The method of doubling the smallest one-sided p-value is called "doubletail" and the method of adding up the smallest probabilities is called "smallp".
Each method corresponds to a different rejection region.
If $p_0=0.5$, so the null distribution is symmetric, then all four methods are the same.
My function assumes negative binomial counts but reduces to binomial tests when dispersion=0.
The binomial test is also implemented in the binom.test function in R.
It uses the "smallp" method for two-sided probabilities, which is the same method used by Fisher's exact test to construct a two-sided rejection region.
There have been many related answers on this forum:

Exact Binomial Test p-values? (explains the "smallp" method)
How to properly calculate the exact p-value for binomial hypothesis testing (e.g. in Excel)?
p-values different for binomial test vs. proportions test. Which to report?
How do you calculate an exact two-tailed P-value using binomial distribution? (AdamO asserts the "doubletail" method. whuber asserts there are at least five different reasonable ways to define the two-sided rejection region.)
Why are p-values from the binomial test in R non-monotonic in trials?
Understanding 2-sided p-values in a binomial distribution

Finally, note that the binomial test is exactly equivalent to a re-randomization test. If you conduct a one-sided randomization test infinitely many times, you'll just get the one-sided binomial p-values.
Comment: And yet, for small sample sizes, exact distributions may under-perform. See, for example, Agresti, A., & Coull, B. A. (1998). [Approximate is better than "exact" for interval estimation of binomial proportions](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00031305.1998.10480550). *The American Statistician*, 52(2), 119–126.
Comment: @Alexis No I don't agree. Approximate p-values are not better than exact. You are jumping to incorrect conclusions. Agresti's paper deals with confidence intervals rather than p-values. The reaon why approximate CIs can do better than exact is because CIs assume a preset alpha level and, with discrete data, exact tests can't match the alpha level exactly. P-values on the other hand do not depend on preset alpha levels and exact p-values are always optimal given the observed data. Agresti does not recommend converting Wilson intervals to p-values by function inversion, and neither do I.
Comment: TY for educating me, Gordon Smyth! (BTW, my comment was accompanied by a +1 for your answer.)
Comment: Can you help me understand what you mean by "preset alpha levels"? As I understand it, the decision to reject or not reject a null hypothesis is predicated on an *a priori* choice of Type I error rate under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true. How is this different than an *a priori* level of confidence (i.e. $1 - \alpha$)? Or by "preset alpha level" do you mean the p-value itself is calculated independently of the choice of $\alpha$?
Comment: @Alexis Thanks for +1
Comment: @Alexis You understand what I mean by "preset alpha level". It is just math-speak for 1 minus confidence level (for a CI) or the p-value cutoff used in a hypothesis-testing-decision-making (HTDM) framework. However p-values have a much more general interpretation as a summary of the strength of evidence against the null without requiring a decision-making setup or preset p-value cutoff. Fisher himself (who invented p-values) was very much opposed to the HTDM framework proposed by Neyman and Pearson.
Comment: @Alexis The idea that decisions will be made on the basis of one p-value alone in isolation to other evidence is a bit of a fiction propagated by introductory statistics courses (of which I have taught many). Here are a couple of talks that I have given to professional audiences about p-values that discuss the issues: https://gksmyth.github.io/talks/210629-WEHI-PValues.pdf and https://gksmyth.github.io/talks/140328-FOAM14-PValues.pdf.
Comment: Thank you for taking time with me! I better understand where you are coming from. :)
Answer: Rather than doing a hypothesis test, it may be more informative to derive a confidence interval for the probability parameter using the Wilson score interval.  You can do this using the CONF.prop function in the stat.extend package.  Here is an example where we generate a 95% confidence interval a small amount of data:
stat.extend::CONF.prop(alpha = 0.05, n = 10, sample.prop = 4/10)

        Confidence Interval (CI)

95.00% CI for proportion parameter for infinite population
Interval uses 10 binary data points with sample proportion = 0.4000

[0.168180329706236, 0.687326230266342]

Comment: If my original goal was to get a p-value, how can I get it from the Wilson score interval? And what advantage does doing the Wilson score interval have over an exact test?
Comment: +1 (See the citation I dropped in a comment to Gordon Smyth's answer, which also talks about Wilson's intervals.) @user321627 You can convert CIs to p-values through function inversion: notice that both test statistics and CIs rely on functions of $p - p_0$ and the SE of the same difference.
Comment: Also see response by @GordonSmyth to my comment. :)


Washer / spacer for round surface

Question: I would like to bolt a bracket to a steel pipe (1.5 inch diameter), with the nut located inside the pipe. Since the application needs to support a considerable amount of weight, I need some kind of washer or spacer that is flat on one side but spherical (or cylindrical) on the other side, to match the inside surface of the pipe. I'm afraid that a regular washer will buckle and/or crack under the pressure, since the force would not be distributed evenly. What can I use to solve this problem?
Comment: It would help to know more about your application -- just how much weight are you hoping to support?  I could see using a specialized washer as you describe if you're really hoping to get the most out of the pipe and eliminate any chance of localized deformation, but for any kind of relatively light household loading (handrail, etc) I'd just let the washer bend as Joe suggests below.
Comment: It's actually for installing an aftermarket harness to the frame of a seat in my car. The mounting hardware needs to be strong enough to withstand the forces that would be generated in a high-speed impact. Would a bending (or bent) washer fit the bill? Probably, but who wants to take chances...?
Answer: Most washers will flex somewhat, so unless it's a really small pipe, or you're installing in really cold temperatures, you shouldn't worry ... but I'd be more concerned with being able to hold the nut still while you're trying to bolt to it in a smaller diameter pipe.  (I don't know if the 1.5" is ID or OD, but if it's outer diameter, and it's got any significant wall thickness, it's going to be tight)
If you're really concerned, you should be able to find a rubber gasket to put in there to take up some of the gap; you could also cut down a rubber grommet or bushing to fit in there.  You could also use multiple thinner washers which will flex more easily than a single thick one.
Another option would be to take a hole saw that's got a similar inner diameter to the pipe, cut a plug of wood, then slice a chunk off to make the flat-on-one-side-curved-on-the-other piece you're looking for.  (and then use a fender washer or similar so the nut doesn't dig into the wood).
Answer: I also needed to attach a flat steel plate to the exterior of a thin walled tube (it is a shelf attachement).  The thin walled tube is more or less oval, and the inside diameter is about 40 mm (1 37/64"), and the washers are about 39.5mm ext diam., 10 mm internal diam., and about 2 mm thick (about 5/64" thick).
So, I needed to curve the washers and grind one end of the nut to conform to the bent washer, so that it could clamp the thin walled oval tube without deforming or tearing a hole in it...
Therefore, I heated the washer, clamped it on a bench vise and pounded it with a hammer.  It ended up curved but not in a smooth curve. And it was tedious, as I needed twelve curved washers.
Later on, I choose to grind a pair of pieces of steel, to form a concave and a convex surfaces, with the approximate desired 20 mm curvature radius (about 3/4"), and used a large bench vise to press the washers into a better, more uniform shape. Using a 3/4" cilindrical stone in my Metabo GE 710 Die Grinder was easy and relatively fast for the concave shape, but tedious for the convex one. Still, it ended up being somewhat time consuming, but produced some quite good results.
Comment: This sounds like a very reasonable process. I would toss in a caution, however, that the heat from all the direct heating and grinding could cause strengthened metals to loose their temper and therefore their strength. For the OP, who indicated that it was for motorsport use (in the comments), that could be fatal. For your purposes, which may involve far less stress than a high-speed car crash, it may well be perfectly fine.
Answer: There are washers available, flat on one side and concave on the other...forget what they're called but you could try Fastenal as a source. Just checked and they have a couple of different kinds.

Washer / spacer for round surface


Xbox network connection wont stop testing

Question: I've been trying to connect my Xbox 360 to my home network to update a game but it is just continually testing the network connection? I tried unplugging and plugging it back in after 5 minutes and stopping and restarting test but no dice. suggestions?
Answer: First, try to power cycle your console. The instructions are here. But you can follow these steps:
 1. Hold down the console power button for 10 seconds
 2. Press console power button (to turn it back on, your cache and some settings will now be cleared)
Optionally:
 1. Settings -> System Settings -> Storage -> Clear System Cache
I would also try to unplug/ power off your router/ modem (both if separate). Keep it unplugged for 30 seconds or so before powering back up.


How do I make a new world per character in starbound?

Question: I own two starbound characters: one Avian and one Novakid. I need to know how to make a new world for every character. The latter of the two is my first character, and he already exhausted the resources on every planet in the system. I need to know how to generate a new world for my avian, and, if possible, every character after him.
Answer: There's no way to make a new universe for each character in the game, but there is a workaround you can use. Amongst the folders where Starbound is installed on your computer, you can find a folder called "universe" and a folder called "player." These folders do exactly what it says on the tin: one saves all your universe data, like all the planets you've visited, and the other stores the data for all of your characters, including also their ships and inventories (but, obviously, not any structures or storage they have on a planet -- that's all in the "universe" folder). Because these folders are separate, you could, for example, delete your "universe" folder, and still keep your characters. If you did this and then launched Starbound it would create a brand-new random universe to replace the delted one, and you'd be able to explore it with your existing characters, and whatever items they had on their ships.
Of course you don't have to delete your current universe. You could move its folder somewhere else, or re-name it, and it'd have the same effect -- the game wouldn't recognize it, and would create a new universe in its place. And later you could restore it to its original name/location and get your old universe back.
By using this method you can have a separate universe for each character. Just switch the universes manually, by swapping around different "universe" folders before you launch the game. It's a bit annoying, but totally doable. Incidentally, given how easy it is to do, I am guessing (though this is just a guess) that such a feature will eventually be added into the game -- things seem to be set up for it. Starbound is still in development, after all.
Comment: Both of "player" and "universe" are in a folder called "storage", which otherwise contains your config file and logs. (/steamapps/common/starbound/storage for us steam folk.) If you want one one universe per character, you can just rename the storage folder to storag_charname when not in use, for the price of copying that config file around.
Answer: There's no way to generate a new universe, as  each character on your PC will share the same planets. This means any buildings you create can be visited by any character, not just the one that built it. You could also place chests full of things for your other characters to pick up and use for themselves.
Given that there are millions, if not billions, of different planets, all you need to is travel to one you haven't been to before. Every system has a moon where you can collect more than enough fuel to travel anywhere in the universe.
Comment: I would have said "Each character on your PC will _share_ the same planets." to be a bit more precise.
Answer: Since all the characters on your pc share the same universe, stuff you leave on the planet will be available for all your characters going there.
So if your first character exhausted the resources of the base planet, you could go haverst some in another system and then bring them back to the base planet and leave them there (in a chest, for instance) so that your second character can come and get them. This would allow your second character to repair the ship and travel to a different location and realy start over there.


I've made a correct Procfile but I dont see a worker dyno in the dashboard

Question: Im trying to deploy a very simple bot to heroku but I cant set the worker dyno because it doesnt show up on the dashboard, even though I have a Procfile with just one line it: worker: node app.js
Comment: Was your build successful? Do you see your app's code when you run `heroku run bash`?
Comment: @DamienMATHIEU When I run heroku run bash it executes without errors, it doesnt print anything it just gives me the bash prompt to type. On 'ls' I see every file/folder except the Procfile, should it be invisible or is this the problem?
Comment: If the Procfile isn't there, it means you haven't committed. It may be in gitignore, or you didn't commit the change.
Comment: @DamienMATHIEU I did `git add .` - `git commit -m "Heroku stuff"` - `git push heroku master` and it just tells me everything is up to date. It does this everytime actually, so you might be right, but not because I forgot, rather because for some reason its not detecting any changes whatsoever
Answer: Same issue, I resolved it from Heroku documentation:
Scaling a process type
Heroku runs one web dyno for you automatically, but other process types don't start by default. To launch a worker, you need to scale it up to one dyno:
heroku ps:scale worker=1
Scaling worker processes... done, now running 1

Answer: I had the same issue, correct code but worker didn't appear. For me, the issue was that my Procfile was named "procfile" and not "Procfile"
Comment: Thanks for this. The guide I was following specifically said to name it `procfile` and I could not figure out why it wasn't being recognized.
Answer: So the issue was that Heroku only builds off the master branch and I was developing on a different branch. I solved this by assigning my current branch as the master branch git push heroku YourDifferentBranchHere:master
Answer: The issue was easily solved for me once I changed the procfile name to Procfile.
After this I wrote the following code:
worker: node bot.js
$ heroku ps:scale web=1 worker=5
heroku ps:scale web=1 worker=5

Then I refreshed the page, it worked perfectly for me.


What is it called when at university there are two subjects being held at the same time?

Question: For example, I need to enroll in two different courses at university, but there is a schedule in which both are held.
Is it an 'overlapped schedule' or something similar?
Is there a proper expression for this purpose?
Answer: In my experience the most common idiom is

a scheduling conflict

This can apply anywhere, not just to academics.  For example, in a work email:

Hi Jim, can we move our meeting to 3pm?  I have a scheduling conflict with another meeting at our original time.  Thanks.

Note this assumes you want to participate in both events.  If these classes just happen to be at the same time, then Laurel's answer of "simultaneous" is more accurate.
Comment: @April It's probably worth pointing out that the noun (CON-flict) and the verb/participle (con-FLICT/con-FLIC-ting) are pronounced differently. Here's a source appropriate for ELL: http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/conflict
Comment: The great thing about **conflict** is it can work as multiple parts of speech.  Noun: as above.  Verb: "These classes *conflict* with each other."  Gerund/Adj: "*Conflicting* classes make it harder to design my schedule."
Answer: I had this happen to me a lot at University, and the word in use then was 'clash'.

Oh no, I have another timetable clash this semester.

or

I have to see my tutor; plant biology clashes with statistics on Thursdays
Comment: A comma seems insufficient in the second example.
Comment: @Strawberry: Indeed. It's a comma splice. It should be either a semicolon or a period.
Comment: 'scheduling conflict' and 'simultaneous' etc are rather dry and don't convey the emotion of not being able to get to a class you paid for. 'Clash' does a much better job.
Answer: The classes are simultaneous:

occurring, operating, or done at the same time.  — Lexico/Oxford Dictionaries

Here's an example in use (from a tango site):

Saturday July 25th
1-2:15pm w/Anais - Beginner Level - Embellishments for the leader and follower
  1-2:15pm w/Carlos - Intermediate Level - Paradas/Barridas
  (above classes are simultaneous)
Comment: Great.  Now I want to go take those tango classes.  Shame I live on the other side of the continent  :)
Answer: From what I understand, you are saying

The "Microeconomics - ECON101" class is scheduled at 11 am, and so is "Introduction to Psychology - PSYC101".

Is that correct?
Well, may be the easiest way to say this would be

Both Econ101 and Psyc101 classes are scheduled at the same time.

You could also say

... my Econ101 class coincides with my Psyc101 class ...

From Cambridge (1) and Collins (2) "coincide" means

(1) to come together in position or happen at or near the same time
  (2) If one event coincides with another, they happen at the same time.

There are many ways to say this (you have not provided an example sentence)
You could use the word "concurrent" meaning "happening at the same time" (Cambridge)

... Econ101 and Psyc101 classes run concurrently ...

As Andrew mentioned, you can also say

There is a scheduling conflict [or schedule conflict] ...

A scheduling conflict occurs when two (or more) subjects are offered at the same time, and the student must make a choice between the two. - How to Build the Master Schedule in 10 Easy Steps (2008).
Comment: I think "scheduled at the same time" is the best choice even though it is a bit wordy.  Scheduling conflict is OK, but I would say that you have a scheduling conflict rather than the classes have a scheduling conflict.  Simultaneous can be tricky as well.  I could see that used to mean two classes that are offered during the same semester, but not necessarily at the same time/date.
Answer: I would express it by saying that the classes are "in conflict."

Oh no! My math class is in conflict with the English class I wanted to take.

Or...

That job would be a conflict with another commitment I have.
Answer: Overlapping schedule is not a bad phrase.  (Furthermore, neither are some of the other good answers.)  That is certainly a phrase that is used.  Although, if you know exactly how many items are having overlapping schedules, it may be a bit more common to say a more specific term, "double-booked" or "triple-booked".
Comment: I've never heard "double-scheduled", although it is similar to the common term "double-booked". (BrE speaker from southern England, for context.)
Comment: I agree with IMSoP that "double-booked" would be the more common version of this term for me. (Midwest US)
Comment: Yeah, sorry, "double-scheduled" and "triple-scheduled" was not what I meant.  I did mean "double-booked".  I definitely wrote down the phrases very wrong, not matching the common term I had in mind.  I thought of just leaving things since Brain Minton has now stated the correct term, but the old version of my answer felt very inaccurate before I corrected my error, and I didn't want to leave that looking so inaccurate.  Thanks for the feedback.
Answer: If you are scheduled to be in two classes (or appointments in general) at the same time, you'd describe yourself as double-booked.


C# - Use form instead of messagebox

Question: I am working on an application for work and I need a customized messagebox to appear. I have created a simple form called Alert.cs that I have styled the way I want and added one button with a click method of this.Close(). now I want it to behave exactly like a standard messagebox.show(). I have the form showing but when I use the standard messagebox.show("text of alert") it waits to continue operation until the user click 'OK', this is what I want the form to do.
Answer: Use Form.ShowDialog();. This allows the form to act the same way as a MessageBox in the sense that it retains focus until closed.
Comment: Just like to add. You can also set the DialogResult property of the form to match that of a message box.
Answer: You will need to implement a static method for your Alert class if you want the exact MessageBox-like behaviour.
public static DialogResult Show(string text)
{
    Alert form = new Alert(text);
    return form.ShowDialog();
}

Now you can use the form by calling:
Alert.Show("my message");

Comment: Just what I was looking for! This saves me from needing to create a temporary instance variable just to call it :)
Answer: You can use a modal windows form. Something like
Form frm = new Form();
frm.ShowDialog(this);

See Form.ShowDialog Method

Shows the form as a modal dialog box
  with the currently active window set
  as its owner.

Displaying Modal and Modeless Windows Forms
Answer: You don't write how you currently display your Alert Form, but calling
alert.ShowDialog();

instead of alert.Show() should do the trick.
The ShowDialog that takes an owner is an even better alternative:
alert.ShowDialog(owner);

C# - Use form instead of messagebox


Dual boot screen win 10

Question: I had Windows 10 in my laptop. Then I installed Ubuntu 16.04 and when I started my laptop I found dual boot screen, so always I choose  Ubuntu.
The last time  ubuntu did update then restart then the dual boot screen did not appear but directly Windows 10 works.
what should I do to have the dual boot screen again.
Thanks
Comment: Are you sure it was not a Windows update. Windows will reset itself as first in boot order with updates and turn on fast start up. Post this: `sudo efibootmgr -v`. You may just need to go into your UEFI and reset boot order.
Answer: If your dual boot screen mean something like this which is called GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader), then this answer might help you. I assume that your are not able to get into Ubuntu and you need to solve this from Windows. This helped me when I  was new to Ubuntu.

In Windows, go to the menu.

Search for Command Prompt, right click on it to run it as administrator

In here, copy paste the command below:
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

Restart and you'll be welcomed by the familiar Grub screen or dual boot screen.

Let me know if it helps.
Source: It's FOSS

Dual boot screen win 10


Does Hindu scriptures say anything about unvedic religion?

Question: Apart from Bhavishya Purana (which is widely believed to be interpolated text), does any old Hindu scripture say about people who follow unvedic religion ?
Particularly religions of foreigners and Mlechhas ?
Comment: There are mention of Cārvākas, Jainas, Bauddhas, etc. in several śāstras. But these aren't mlecchas and also not Abrahamics. And mlecchas are an extremely wide category in themselves, it's not limited to Muslims or Christians. If you want to search for Islam, Christianity, Zoroastrianism in Hindu śāstras, your search would be in vain. We don't care about them really. There's a mention of Islam in Kālacakra tantra (which is a Bauddha śāstra) and some other Kālacakra śāstras. https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8878/2785 ; http://www.jstor.org/stable/41926812
Comment: Bauddha bhikṣu's Hyecho's travelogue, mentions Muslims and Zoroastrianism, as he travelled in some regions of the west after India. Also, some later Jaina texts mention Islam, because these were written during the reigns of Islamic (particularly Mughal) rulers in India.
Answer: The only non Vedic religions that most scriptures speak of are Buddhism and Jainism.

Śukadeva Gosvāmī continued speaking to Mahārāja Parīkṣit: My dear
King, the King of Koṅka, Veṅka and Kuṭaka whose name was Arhat, heard
of the activities of Ṛṣabhadeva and, imitating Ṛṣabhadeva's
principles, introduced a new system of religion. Taking advantage of
Kali-yuga, the age of sinful activity, King Arhat, being bewildered,
gave up the Vedic principles, which are free from risk, and concocted
a new system of religion opposed to the Vedas. That was the beginning
of the Jain dharma. Many other so-called religions followed this
atheistic system

SB 5.6.9

When the atheists, after being well versed in the Vedic scientific
knowledge, annihilate inhabitants of different planets, flying unseen
in the sky on well-built rockets prepared by the great scientist Maya,
the Lord will bewilder their minds by dressing Himself attractively as
Buddha and will preach on subreligious principles

SB 2.7.37
Comment: @Haridasa Just saying, Traditionalist schools see Puranas as bonafide works of Veda vyasa, not as later written scriptures
Comment: This doesn't answer the question of OP. It's a useless answer, as the OP is concerned in 'religions' of mlecchas and not Avaidika sampradāyas and darśanas, as is clearly specified already.
Comment: Mostly regarding puranas btw. Obviously nastika faiths aren't seen in a good light, but only later scriptures mention Jain and Buddhas manufactured "Dharma"
Comment: True, but like only Vedanta I believe even see the Puranas as somewhat authentic I do not know about Yoga and I am fairly certain all other darshanas only see Vedic authority.
Answer: Manusmriti ch 12

या वेदबाह्याः स्मृतयो याश्च काश्च कुदृष्टयः।
सर्वास्ता निष्फलाः प्रेत्य तमोनिष्ठा हि ताः स्मृताः॥
उत्पद्यन्ते च्यवन्ते च यान्यतोऽन्यानि कानि चित् ।
तान्यर्वाक्कालिकतया निष्फलान्यनृतानि च ॥
Those 'revealed texts' that are outside the Veda, as also all the
false theories, are useless, even when carried to perfection; as they
have been declared to be founded on 'darkness.'—(95)
Those other (doctrines) which spring up and perish are all worthless
and false, being of modern growth.—(96)

On Athiesm(if one considers it religion)
यक्ष उवाच। कः पण्डितः पुमान्ज्ञेयो नास्तिकः कश्च उच्यते। को मूर्खः कश्चकामः स्यात्को मत्सर इति स्मृतः ॥ 3-314-99
Yaksha said: Which man should be understood to be a Pandita? Who is called a Naastika (Atheist)? Who is a fool? What is Kaama (desire) What is Matsara?
युधिष्ठिर उवाच। धर्मज्ञः पण्डितो ज्ञेयो नास्तिको मूर्ख उच्यते। कामः संसारहेतुश्च हृत्तापो मत्सरः स्मृतः ॥ 3-314-100
Yudhisthira Said: The knower of Dharma should be understood to be a Pandita, a Naastika is called a fool, and the fool is a Naastika...


ArcGIS Print Javascript API return syntax error after installing SSL certificate

Question: I've been facing problems with my printing service using ArcGIS JavaScript API 3.22 and ArcGIS server 10.1 after installing SSL certificate on the ArcGIS server.
The printing service return the SyntaxError: Unexpected token < in the init.js and Print.js file. I've done some digging and found that this problem will occur while printing large amount of graphics on the FeatureLayer. Is there any configuration I need to do on the ArcGIS server after installing SSL certificate so that it can print large amount of graphics because i did not face this problem while printing on ArcGIS server without SSL certificate.
Comment: You might want to check the network tab in your browser's devtools and inspect that print request/response - to me it sounds like your ArcGIS Server responded with some kind of HTML page, possibly an error message
Comment: Ya i've found that the ArcGIS server responded some HTML page (see the image above) instead of the json message. If success printing I get this message:
Answer: Is this is a windows server? If yes, have you installed the certificate in both root and intermediate?
start->run->mmc->file->add/remove snap-in->certificates->add->computer account ->local computer -> ok -> expand certificates -> expand trusted root -> click certificates -> is the cert there? if not import it -> right click certificate -> All tasks import browse out to where the certificate is located. -> click Intermediate Certificate -> certificates -> is the cert there? if not import it -> right click certificate -> All tasks import browse out to where the certificate is located.
Close the Console. Don't Save.
some other things to test, outside of javascript can you browse to the print url on the local host without getting a cert error? If no, then install the certificate at that level on the server.
Otherwise in JavaScript there might be new code that you'll need to implement to work with SSL.


Deep Fritz 14, Show Plans-How to activate?

Question: Does anyone who uses Deep Fritz 14 know how to activate "Visualize Search," aka "Show Plans"? I went to File, Options, and Engine. "Show Plans" is one of the options, but it won't let me activate it. How do you activate it?
Comment: @David I would disagree. It can be a good idea to see what the best move/plans are so that you can identify them more consistently in the future. When you play, it's about exploring things yourself, but when you analyze, you look to an external source to determine what went right and what went wrong.
Comment: Why would you want to activate such feature? It's worthless!
Comment: It's not worthless because the computer will show you plans that you probably haven't thought of, and by studying its plans, you can understand them.
Comment: But chess analysis is not about someone telling you what you have to do, but rather about exploring it yourself
Answer: It appears to be for future use: Although it is two versions later, to quote the Fritz 16 online manual: "Show Plans - Displays the planned Manoeuver of the engine. The function is not supported by any engine!"
Fritz 16 Manual
Comment: At least per the current manual, I am saying that even as of Fritz 16, they still have not implemented it.
Comment: You told me that it appears to be for future use. Does that mean that Fritz 16 is the only version that supports this?


Do I have a non-grounded light fixture?

Question: Is this a non-grounded light fixture? The copper ground is just bundled at the base of the chain and does not weave up the chain to the box like I have seen in pictures on this site. Is this dangerous and do I need to do something about it? I had wanted to just cut it as it looks bad but worried that this is a safety issue.
Comment: it could still be grounded from the metal chain, so we can't if say it's ungrounded for sure or not, regardless of the extra wire. Danger? I wouldn't worry; most table lamps are ungrounded and we touch them on-purpose.
Answer: Yes, the fixture is currently not grounded, but it should be. The manufacturer has included a grounding wire because the fixture needs one to be safe and UL compliant.
Assuming there is a ground connection in the ceiling box (either a ground wire or a box grounded through an armored cable), this can be easily fixed. The power is turned off, the bare wire threaded through the chain, the canopy is lowered, and the wire is connected to a ground wire or grounded to the fixture box itself, and the canopy is replaced.
If this is an older home with no ground wiring, it may not be possible to ground the fixture. In that case, you are no safer or more at risk than our parents were before grounding became the standard. In that case, you may still wish to thread the wire up to the box. In that way, if you ever rewire the house or move the fixture to a location with a ground in the box, it is still intact. Just make sure the ground wire does not accidentally touch a live terminal in the box.
Your question sounds as if you have not had much expereince with wiring. If that is the case, you may want to enlist a more knowledgeable friend to help, or call a professional.
Comment: I think people don't like the look of the bare copper wire winding up through the chain and since it's a separate wire, they figure it's optional -- I've seen more than one installed like that. Manufacturers shouldn't be allowed to use 2 conductor zip cord like that -- they should include the ground in the cord so at least then there's no temptation to omit the ground for aesthetics.
Comment: Your first sentence reads to me as "the fixture is currently ungrounded, but (it) should be (ungrounded)", which I think is the opposite of what you wanted to say.
Comment: I would thread the ground wire with the cord into the box regardless if the box has a ground or not. I have never been hit on light fixture grounding but cutting one off would be modifying a listed fixture, if someone were to get injured (shocked) from a modified fixture there could be legal issues.
Comment: @EdBeal While I might thread the wire up, even if not attached , it would be to preserve the ability to use the fixture properly at a later date. Having a fake ground is no more legally defensible than having a cut off wire.
Comment: Not true, lighting fixtures did not require grounds for many years, but modification of the fixture would violate the UL listing, as I noted in my comment I have never been hit on an inspection for a lighting ground.
Comment: @EdBeal I modified to reflect your suggestions.
Comment: It doesn,'t even need to be a rewire, it is legal to retrofit just ground.

Do I have a non-grounded light fixture?