I dont stay in the US. Can I create and distribute my own version of Monopoly that is personalized for my city?

Question: I would like to change mostly the names, currency etc and make it relatable to my city here in Africa. Will the US Company sue me for distributing the game in my local town? Also i wanted to understand if the name "Monopoly" is a trade name or if its just the name of the game.
Comment: Maybe this should be on the Law.SE.
Answer: The vast majority of countries in the world are either signatories to the Berne Convention or the TRIPS Agreement, both of which ensure that copyright is protected in those jurisdictions. As such, what you're suggesting is a copyright violation and could definitely lead to legal difficulties for you.

Will the US Company sue me for distributing the game in my local town?

We can't tell you Hasbro will do about a small scale copyright violation. They certainly have taken legal action to protect their brand in the past though.

Also i wanted to understand if the name "Monopoly" is a trade name or if its just the name of the game.

Monopoly is a registered trade mark in both the US and the UK, and has been successfully defended in both jurisdictions (after a change to the primary legislation in the US). For other jurisdictions, you will probably need to do your own research.
Comment: You typically cant copyright the rules to a game. It doesnt sound like OP wants to take artwork or names that could be covered. What specifically are you saying violates copyright?
Comment: www.custommonopoly.com
this site seems to sell custom monopoly sets so you might be able to order your product through them
also you can buy this official product on amazon:
https://www.amazon.com/Make-Your-Opoly-Board-Game/dp/B00000K2IO


Aspen IP21 Tag Value querying with R

Question: I wish to query(read) IP21 tag values using my R script. Is there a way to do that? The closest I have come is populating an excel sheet with the ASPEN add-in functionality and then reading the values in R. Is there a direct way to read the values from IP21? Does IP21 ODBC help?
Comment: From a quick review you should be able to use the RODBC package since IP21 does support ODBC. The key will be figuring out the connection string and reading the RODBC vignette.
Answer: <code>DRIVER={AspenTech SQLplus};HOST=yelm
</code>
Taken from the documentation. Works with RODBC.
Comment: is it possible for you to share the documentation?

Aspen IP21 Tag Value querying with R


How did the author of Mahabarata know the exact conversation between Krishna and arjuna?

Question: The conversation entices an entire song, the bhagavad ghita, it is so elaborate and intricate, how can someone who was not part of that conversation know every word of it exactly as it happened?
Comment: Does this answer your question? [How many people listened to the Bhagavad Gita in the Mahabharata along with Arjuna?](https://hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/866/how-many-people-listened-to-the-bhagavad-gita-in-the-mahabharata-along-with-arju)
Comment: The way I understand it is basically Sanjaya listened so he could remember the basic summary , but since nothing really new is said in the ghita given how it is written that the author actually expresses the entirety if uphanishades through the ghita
Comment: OK so basically there was also the fourth party there, but not materially, The author himself, who who saw and heard the conversation
Comment: The Lord wanted another person to hear the conversation and remember it so it would become available as a teaching to mankind.
Comment: So basically sanyaja is the third party here, so he remembered every word of it exactly, how?
Comment: Plus I don't trust anything that links or refers iskcon hare Krishna
Answer: Sage Vyasa had the ascetic power due to which he could see/listen everything that transpired in the Mahabharata war zone.
We should not forget that it was Sage Vyasa, who gave the boon to Sanjaya that the latter will narrate every minute detail to Dhritarashtra.

"Vyasa said,--'O king, thy sons and the other monarchs have their hour
  arrived. 2 Mustered in battle they will kill one another. O Bharata,
  their hour having come, they will all perish. Bearing in mind the
  changes brought on by time, do not yield thy heart to grief. O king,
  if thou wish to see them (fighting) in battle, I will, O son, grant
  thee vision. Behold the battle."
"Dhritarashtra said,--'O best of regenerate Rishi, I like not to
  behold the slaughter of kinsmen. I shall, however, through thy potency
  hear of this battle minutely."
Vaisampayana continued.--
"Upon his not wishing to see the battle but wishing to hear of it,
  Vyasa, that lord of boons, gave a boon to Sanjaya. (And addressing
  Dhritarashtra he said),--
'This Sanjaya, O king, will describe the battle to thee. Nothing in
  the whole battle will be beyond this one's eyes.' Endued, O king
  with celestial vision, Sanjaya will narrate the battle to thee.
He will have knowledge of everything. Manifest or concealed,
  (happening) by day or by night, even that which is thought of in the
  mind, Sanjaya shall know everything. Weapons will not cut him and
  exertion will not fatigue him. This son of Gavalgani will come out of
  the battle with life.
As regards myself, O bull of Bharata's race, the fame of these Kurus,
  as also of all the Pandavas, I will spread. Do not grieve. This is
  destiny, O tiger among men. It behoveth thee not to give way to grief.
  It is not capable of being prevented. As regards victory, it is there
  where righteousness is.'"
Comment: OK so to clarify vaisampayana is vyasa the writer of the ghita?
Comment: Vaisampayana is one of the disciples of Sage Vyasa
Comment: When Sanjaya could see everything that occurs in the battlefield,  with the blessing of Sage Vyasa, can't  Sage Vyasa do the same for narrating the same?  It is implied. @sv.


Alternate way of saying "The mass of the mass"?

Question: I performed an experiment in which a mass was hung from a spring. I want to refer to the mass of the mass hung from said spring, but that leads to quite a few awkward sentences. I cannot refer to the mass as a weight, since masses and weights are two different things. Is there some alternate way of saying "The mass of the mass"?
Comment: Just call it something other than "the mass," such as "the mass of the object"?
Answer: This is usually simply avoided

The mass of the mass is 10 kg.

can be

The mass is 10 kg.

It's a contextual problem.  They used to refer to a computer case and it's insides as a CPU which was confusing if you wanted to mention the CPU chip in the same context.  In any one context it's best if X means only one thing.
Answer: The mass of the suspended "object."  The problem here is of course that mass means something very specific in physics.  For example, in common language usage, I might say "there is a mass of vomit on the bathroom floor."  In that usage, I'm not particularly interested in knowing precisely what it's mass is.
Comment: Hmm... I suppose I could use that, but in a sense I'm giving up precision of language when using "object" instead of "mass".
Comment: I do "get" the problem...your mass and spring are intended to be physical-world representations of components of a math equation...so you like to use unit terms that directly translate.


Is there any mail queue system in ASP.NET?

Question: Is there any mail queue concept in ASP.NET?
I want to send thousands of different  mail to thousands of users (i.e. each user will have a different mail). I want to send the mail at a particular time, so each user receives it at a constant time.
Comment: uh oh... don't include my email @ in the list ;-)
Answer: There really is not mail queue in the Core framework.  You can send individual messages synchronously or asynchronously, but you can't really send a bunch at once.
You can queue your messages by storing them to a database or file server and then kicking off a job to loop through your saved messages and send them off.
Also, not all of your users will receive the messages at the same time, even if you could send them at the same time.  There are too many external variables and dependencies (network traffic, mail server loads, spam filters) to accurately predicate when or even if your users receive their messages.
Comment: @Jason: Totally agree with you :) +1
Answer: There's no native MailQueue concept within .NET framework. The queue will have to be implemented yourself. In your case, you would like the mails for each recipients to be sent at about the same time for all batches. Am I right?
Well, this is a bit tricky. You can use any SMTP server, localhost or external ones. But that also mean although you can dispatch to the SMTP server at a specific time, there's no guarantee it will reach the recipients immediately.
There are a whole bunch of stuff on mail delivery which are not exactly programming related (grey listing, spam filtering etc etc).
The alternative is to have full control on the sending and have your app directly sending the mails to the recipients' mail servers. Well that is workable and I suggest you use a commercial or a good open source component for that. Anyhow, there's still a whole bunch of issues you need to deal with, (e.g. some receiving mail server like Yahoo might block the sending a few times and let it through after a few retries).
I've posted a related question, take a look at the replies here.


When is the earliest I can file as a resident alien?

Question: I came to the US in 2016 August as a F1 student and I know I am a non resident alient for the first five years. I want to know when the earliest I can file as a resident alien. Is it when I file in 2021 for 2020 or when I file in 2022 for 2021? Thank you!
Answer: You are no longer an "exempt individual" as a student for a given year if you were an "exempt individual" as a student, teacher, or trainee for any part of 5 previous calendar years. For the 2020 tax year, you will have only been an "exempt individual" for some part of 4 calendar years, so you will still be an exempt individual for your days on student status in 2020, and consequently your days that year will not count in the Substantial Presence Test, and you will not pass the Substantial Presence Test for 2020, so you will be a nonresident alien for all of 2020.
But for the 2021 tax year, you will have been an "exempt individual" for some part of 5 calendar years. Even though you came to the US in the middle of 2016, that is still "some part" of 2016 (even one day in 2016 in F1 status counts for one of the 5 years). So you will no longer be an exempt individual for any of your days in student status in 2021, and (assuming you will stay in the US for more than half of 2021), you will pass the Substantial Presence Test for 2021, so you will be a resident alien for all of 2021. You will file your tax return for 2021 in 2022.
Answer: In general, the IRS considers status on December 31 to be the one that must be used for filing tax returns for that year. For example, a person who marries during the year (and is still married on December 31 of that year; quickie divorces not allowed!) is entitled to file a joint return with the spouse for that entire year; it is not necessary to file a part-year return as single and a part-year return as married.  There are, of course, exceptions to the rule.  For example, a person whose spouse passed away during the year and is thus a widow/widower on December 31 ((no quicker remarriages either!) can still file a joint return with the deceased spouse for that year. So, there are two different ways one could look at it but I suspect that the IRS will expect a US resident tax return for all of 2021 (filed in 2022) since the OP will become a tax resident in August 2021. I don't know hat this will do for things like Social Security taxes on any wages for assistantships etc during January 2021-Auugat 2021; these taxes were perhaps not withheld while the OP had F-1 nonresident alien status.  Will the OP's W2 for 2021  not include these Jan 2021-Aug 2021 wages in Box 3 "Social Security wages" on the W2 form?  Or will all the wages paid in all of 2021 be included in Box 3 while Box 4 "Social Security Tax withheld" shows only the tax withheld during August 2021-December 2021?
Comment: The foreign student (including F1) 'exemption' for determining tax residence goes by calendar year; see [pub 519 ch 1](https://www.irs.gov/publications/p519#en_US_2017_publink1000222138) and two pages later under 'Students' (note not yet updated for TY 2018). So exempt for (all of) 2020, resident for 2021, file in 2022. A person becoming a tax resident or nonresident _during_ a year can actually file split returns 1040NR + 1040 for the partial years, called 'dual-status' (later in same chapter) but this OP doesn't want to.
Comment: Resident in 2021, file in 2022. Got it! Thanks
Comment: "since the OP will become a tax resident in August 2021" No, the OP actually becomes a resident alien on January 1, 2021.


Has Wolverine Ever Been Submerged?

Question: Has Logan ever been submerged in water, lava, acid or anything else for a period of time? If so did he remain operational during that time, or did he pass out until his skeleton was removed? Question is for all universes.
Comment: Why would his skeleton be removed by him being submerged in water?!
Comment: Under water is more of a question of breathing and operation. Something like lava or avoid I would assume takes him to the bone. Saw a picture of him surviving a blast that took him to the bone, and guess he survived a nuclear blast. So that is the reason for the skeleton question on those types of liquid like lava and acid.
Comment: For the liquids like acid, if he kept regenerating he could eventually dilute the liquid then regenerate, but then it becomes the question again if he is operational under liquid.
Comment: Can apply the question up to Saber tooth or anyone else with same powers too.
Comment: While this question is for all universes, the first three X-Men movies fractured their own canon is several places and also didn't cover the circumstances brought up in the question. I would be surprised to find there isn't a clear answer to this (or, perhaps several), but I would stick to the comics due to there breadth and consistency.
Answer: At the end of X-Men: Days of Future Past, Wolverine is lifted up from the bottom of the river (most likely Potomac because it's in DC) on a boat. It's unclear how long he's been in the water, but he's unconscious and has been probably under the surface for at least some time. The crew is guided by Col. Stryker, likely for his experiment to convert his skeleton to adamantium. I've never read the comics. But it's definitely in the movie canon.
Comment: "Guided by Colonel Stryker. " Indeed?
Comment: Not to mention that in the X-Men and X-2 movies timeline he was submerged in a water tank to have the adamantium bonded to his skeleton

Has Wolverine Ever Been Submerged?


Compositor, can`t see blur effect from different camera angle

Question: I m using basic node setup for material blur in compositor, when i change camera angle for top view it disappear. How can i make it visible ?
Answer: You are using an ID mask to assign the blur on a particular material. But the faces with that material are not visible as they are occluded by the rest of the cube.
If the material is not visible, you won't get the blur.
It seems to me that if you want to get the blur, you have two choices:
1- use a separate layer and object masks to create the blur.

2- Use volumetric lights (volume scattering) to have an environment in which suspended particles are lit by the light source that is not visible, as it would happen on a room with dust or or haze.


What threats are posed by SSL connections?

Question: I'm working on implementing an Exchange 2010 solutions which includes Outlook Web Access, Exchange ActiveSync and Outlook Anywhere. These services use SSL and would be presented on the Internet so our users can access them externally. I'd obviously need to protect the server (CAS role) that these services operate on. My question is what threats are posed by SSL connections? If I were just to do a port forward on the SSL connection directly to the OWA and EAS server what risks are there? Do I need to do IDP on the encrypted traffic? Thanks
Comment: +1 for phrasing the question in a risk context! There is a tremendous difference between "What sort of threats can use SSL connections?" (effectively all of them), and "What threats are posed by SSL connections?"
Answer: If your intrusion detection system sees anything worth reporting while looking at a SSL connection, then it is not SSL, or is very poorly implemented. By construction, SSL is meant to provide a tunnel for confidential data, i.e. it is very opaque from the outside.
Generally speaking, SSL is not a threat, it is a protection measure against threats. In particular, it prevents evil attackers from inspecting, measuring, eavesdropping on, tinkering with, and forging the data.
Some sysadmins get nervous in the presence of SSL because it prevents them from inspecting, measuring, eavesdropping on, tinkering with, and forging the data.
The external services of Exchange are designed to be exposed to the public at large, which is why they use SSL by default, as they should be.
Comment: I don't work with IDS much, but aren't there IDS systems available that you can give the server private key so that they can examine SSL streams?  If not, I would certainly say that it would be a risk factor (if a fairly minor one in comparison to not using SSL) that SSL was bypassing the IDS for monitoring for attacks against Exchange.
Comment: @AJ that might be the case, only if the IDS would have anything intelligent to say about Exchange's protocols.
Comment: @AJHenderson: in addition to what AviD says, note that having the server private key is not necessarily sufficient to decrypt the data, in case the server uses a DHE cipher suite.
Comment: I know I can implement IDS systems that scan encrypted traffic by setting them up with the SSL certs but is that necessary? What is the likelihood of a threat, on a client, hijacking the SSL connection, say to OWA, and then attacking the CAS server. I appreciate there are quite a few factors to consider in that question as environment is part of the probability.
Comment: To "hijack the SSL connection" you more or less have to hijack either the client browser or the server, at which point you have bigger problems. If the client is hijacked, then anything he does can be seen and altered by the attacker. The server itself should defend against that -- it is part of the security model of OWA to not trust the client for not doing anything evil. I.e. a complete client hijack means that all the user emails become known to the attacker, but the server will still be safe.
Answer: An SSL connection is pretty much just like a normal connection in terms of what people can do with it.  The only difference is that it blocks attackers that are external to the communication.  You know that the client on the SSL tunnel is always the initiator of the SSL tunnel, but they can still send whatever they want over the tunnel, so you would still want to do IDS on the tunnel just like you would for an open HTTP connection.
Comment: That's what I was thinking, I appreciate SSL is a protection in itself but if a client has established a session how much risk is there that a threat, on that client, will use the SSL session to attack the server your connected to. I understand Exchange is hardened to this but I'm not sure of the scope or probability of the risk. Thanks for your replies.
Comment: @Ihaveaquestion - It doesn't even have to be a threat on the client.  Simply a malicious client could connect or attempt to connect.  You should pretty much never trust the client and while SSL makes sure your exchanges are not watched, it still doesn't mean you can trust the client unless you are using client certificates and a much more thorough security model that protects the clients such that they can be trusted.  As far as client trust, SSL is no different from a standard HTTP connection.


Why did my InDesign preview mode background turn black?

Question: I know that you can change the preview mode background color in Preferences>Guides and Pasteboards. When I was working on a document, without going into preferences, my preview mode (shortcut: W) randomly turned black. I am assuming I pressed some keyboard shortcut accidentally or it was a glitch? I went into the Preferences to change the color back to gray, and the background was now set as Black, even though I did not change it in Preferences originally. Anyone know what's up?
Comment: This exact thing happened to me. I assumed I hit something on the keyboard also, but I don't know what. Seems like people aren't understanding your question. I was able to fix it, just don't know how or why it happened.
Answer: This video shows how to change the preview mode, not the presentation mode.
When you hit "W" if your background colour is too bright or dark for your document you can change it here.
Comment: Can you write an explanation of what's in that video? We prefer answers with written content and links would be just for reference. Link rot is a problem and if that video goes away so does the usefulness of your answer.
Answer: Go to Preferences > Guides & Pasteboard. Make sure that Preview Background-Match to Theme Colour has a check mark.
Comment: What's the short-cut to do that?
Answer: Shift+W enters InDesign's Presentation Mode which displays a black screen with the InDesign document centered...
Any tools, menus or panels on the primary monitor are also hidden.
You can use the Arrow Keys to flip through document pages in Presentation Mode.
To turn off Presentation mode, hit Shift+W again or ESC.
Answer: It must have been a glitch that caused it to happen in preview mode. However in presentation mode (shortcut:Shift+W) you can change the background color between White, Black and Grey by pressing "W" for white, "G" for grey and "B" for black.
Comment: It doesn't seem to be a glitch. It's a preference in Preferences > Guides & Pasteboards . If you don't have the Preview background set to "Match to theme color" it will default to black preview.
Answer: View > Match pasteboard to theme colour worked for me
Doing this did not work for me:
Preferences > Guides & Pasteboard > Preview Background > Light Grey
Answer: If you have an older version like CS6 you are able to change the background color to white, black or gray in the preview mode just by hitting the corresponding letter. If you wanted to preview with a white background you would use key, W or if you wanted to see it with a black background you would use key, B.
Answer: JUST PRESS "W" - it will go back to normal.
Happened to me because I meant to press "SHIFT + W" - to go into Full Screen Mode - but I missed the "Shift."
"W" alone puts you into Preview Display Mode. Suddenly the pasteboard goes neutral gray and all non-printing objects (guides, stuff hanging off the edge of the page, etc.) disappear.
I do it about once ever 6 months and it drives me nuts trying to remember how to fix it, so now I have it written down : )
Answer: This happens to me too from time to time when I switch between the active, preview, and presentation mode. I've googled this many times and have not found any shortcuts for this which makes me believe it's just a weird glitch. It also seems like it's worse when I haven't updated inDesign and I need to. I just have to manually set it back :/
Comment: Thanks for responding! Just letting you know that StackExchange is different from a forum. It wants real answers. This is not an answer, but a comment or opinion, and as such it may be removed.
Answer: Preferences > Guides & Pasteboard > Preview Background > Light Grey
Comment: Welcome to GD.SE. can you expand your answer to explain how does that answer the question? If you have any questions about the site, check the [help]
Comment: Hello Hello, welcome to GD.SE. I downvoted your answer because the asker explicitly mentions in their question that they are not looking for this solution. Please [edit] your answer so it actually is a fitting answer to the question. Thanks! If you have any questions about this site, have a look at the [help] or feel free to join us in [chat] once your reputation allows you to (20). Keep contributing and enjoy the site!


How to detect if a specific mob is dead in 1.15

Question: So I am trying to be able to detect if a specific mob is dead and then execute a command. I have already tagged the mob "boss1" and I know that you need a tag to detect the entity but I don't know the commands to actually detect it.
Answer: You will need to check for the entity using /execute.
/execute unless entity @e[tag=boss1] run ...

Run the command unless there is an entity with the tag boss1.
When the boss dies, you can put the command to run after the run parameter.
Comment: I had a repeating blinking circuit activating 2 command blocks with the `/execute unless entity @e[tag=boss1] run ...` command but one had the command I wanted to run and the other had a fill command that stopped the circuit by replacing certain blocks with air.
Comment: Great job, you figured it out! Please consider clicking the check button on the answer you find most useful. Thanks!
Comment: Is there a way to make it only run once?
Comment: I figured it out
Comment: @ExpertCoder14 placing or removing a redstone block next to a repeating command block in order to turn it on or off isn't _that_ bad.  There are other ways to turn a repeating command block on and off, such as setting "Needs Redstone" when there isn't any power around to stop the chain, though.
Comment: Well Ive got it working and I don't expect to use the circuit more than once so Im fine with the solution


Terminal Copy+Paste not working over RDP+SSH

Question: I am on a Windows machine VPN'ed into an internal network, then RDP'd into my Kubuntu work machine. I can copy+paste into a terminal just fine using Ctrl+Shift C and Ctrl+Shift V. However, when I SSH into a Centos server, both stop working. Not only that, but right clicking the window and clicking "Copy" also doesn't work. Ideas?
Comment: This sounds more like an issue with RDP than an issue with linux.
Answer: You can typically paste with most terminal emulators with shift+insert
Answer: When using a SSH terminal you just have to select the text/command in the terminal with your mouse's left button and it automatically saves the selected text into the clipboard. You can prove this by pasting the selected text and pasting it to the line of the terminal prompt or a notepad. Watch this video


If I replace a flow orifice with a Coriolis flow meter of the same size do I need to worry about pressure drop with the new Coriolis meter?

Question: I have a 3 inch line with a 1.5 inch flow orifice. If I take out the flow orifice and put in a 1.5 inch coriolis meter will the pressure drop be the same or better with the new coriolis meter than with the flow orifice?
Comment: Well, does your meter come with a datasheet indicating any internal pressure losses?
Answer: Usually flow orifices are very aggresive to the pressure. Everything you add has a pressure drop and doing calculations by hand of an equipment like that can be hell. So yes you should check the specs of the meter first.


Balloon Payment on a Mortgage

Question: How do I calculate the balloon payment on a 30 year mortgage with an APR of 7.8%, where the balloon payment must be made after 8 years.
Answer: There are a lot of mortgage balloon calculators on the Internet. But we can calculate it without them.
From this Mortgage Professor page:

The following formula is used to calculate the fixed monthly payment (P) required to fully amortize a loan of L dollars over a term of n months at a monthly interest rate of c. [If the quoted rate is 6%, for example, c is .06/12 or .005].
P = L[c(1 + c)n]/[(1 + c)n - 1]

Your interest rate is 7.8%, so c=0.078/12, or 0.0065. You didn't provide a loan amount (L), so let's use L=$100,000. A 30-year mortgage means that n=360.
Putting that all together give us a monthly payment of $719.87.
From the same site:

The next formula is used to calculate the remaining loan balance (B) of a fixed payment loan after p months.
B = L[(1 + c)n - (1 + c)p]/[(1 + c)n - 1]

Putting in your values (L=100,000, c=0.065, n=360, p=95), we end up with B=$90,856.80.
So, you'll have 95† monthly payments of $719,87, with a remaining balance of $90,856.80. If you wait one more month to pay it off, you'll accrue one more month of interest, so the balloon payment amount will be 90,856.80*(1+0.0065) = $91,447.37.

†Depending on the exact date of the balloon payment, you might have made 95 payments or you might have made 96. It depends on the precise meaning of "after eight years".
Comment: No matter how many mortgages I look at, it continues to fascinate me that after over 25% of the time paying the loan, less than 10% of the principal has been paid down.
Comment: Shouldn't your balloon be `90856.80 (1 + c) = 91447.37` paid in month 96?
Comment: @ChrisDegnen Yep. Nice catch.
Answer: Using the method shown in this link.
The value of the loan is equal to the sum of the discounted values of the repayments.

∴ b = ((1 + r) (m + (1 + r)^n (r s - m)))/r

where
s = present value of loan
m = periodic repayment
r = periodic rate
b = balloon payment
n = number of periods (or payments) before the balloon payment

First calculating the repayment amount m for a 30 year loan, assuming principal of 100,000, monthly repayments and APR as a nominal rate, compounded monthly.
s = 100000
r = 7.8/100/12
n = 12*30 = 360

m = r (1 + 1/((1 + r)^n - 1)) s = 719.87

If the balloon is to be paid at the end of the 96th month
n = 8*12 - 1 = 95

b = ((1 + r) (m + (1 + r)^n (r s - m)))/r = 91447.37

Balloon Payment on a Mortgage


Good to say "clear her ideas"?

Question: If someone doesn't have a clear mind about how to do something, is it correct to say that I helped her to "clear her ideas"? Or some better expressions?
Comment: We say *clarify* her ideas - to make her ideas clear. To *clear* her ideas is not idiomatic, but might be used to mean *discard* her ideas from her mind - to the clear them out or away.
Comment: One can also clear ideas _with someone else_ in the sense of garnering approval for them, as in "She cleared her ideas with the president before acting on them." For your purposes, however, you definitely want [**"clarify"**](http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/clarify).
Answer: When used as a verb, "clear" generally means to remove something, so "clear her ideas" probably wouldn't make a lot of sense (but if it did, it would probably be interpreted to mean "remove her ideas", which is probably not what you meant).
As StoneyB and Tyler have mentioned, if you want to say that you make something clear, the correct verb for that is "clarify":

I helped to clarify her ideas.

Depending on exactly what you mean, however, there might also be better words than "ideas".  Usually, saying "clarify her ideas" implies that she had good ideas, but needed help expressing them or making them clear to other people.  If, on the other hand, her ideas were not good ones, because she didn't really understand the situation, and once you helped her understand then her ideas became better, then you would probably want to say something like

I helped to clarify her understanding.

instead.  Likewise, if she understood the problem, but her ideas weren't right because she just wasn't thinking about the problem the right way, then you might instead say:

I helped to clarify her thinking.

Note, however, that while "clarify her understanding" is usually not something somebody would take offense to, you might need to be careful when saying things like "clarify her thinking", as this can sometimes have negative implications (somebody might assume from that statement that you believe that you can think better or more clearly than she can, and are therefore better than her).  If in doubt, you should probably just say "understanding" instead...
Answer: There is the English idiom:

clear one's head (or mind)

which one website defines as relax so you can think clearly.
You might come across it in a context like this:

I can't figure out how to solve this problem!
  Maybe you should take a short walk around the building. The fresh air might help you clear your head.

We clear our heads so that our brains can think more clearly.

Is it correct to say that I helped her to "clear her ideas"?

That depends on what you did. You may have helped her clear her mind, enabling her to find a solution.

Good to say "clear her ideas"?


Change the header and footer of PHPBB forum

Question: I'm new to PHPBB forum, and I'm struggling to change the style of the header and footer. Can any one help me?
Answer: Without knowing specifically what you are trying to do, you simply edit overall_header.html and overall_footer.html in /styles/themename/template/ for whatever you're trying to do.
If you want to pass variables to the template, you can do it in functions.php in the page_header and page_footer functions.


Could you please identify this wtb cantilever/roller cam brake

Question: I've had some issues identifying this brake, and while I do know its wtb and circa late 1980s-early 1990s thats it. Any information would be appreciated. To clarify the parts were not original to the bike frame, as its a 1993 diamondback arrival.
Comment: Its an interesting place to put the rear brake, down under the chainstays.  Just being near the chain seems to attract dirt and dust, neither are good for braking.
Comment: @criggie I had similar brakes to these on the rear of a mountainbike many years ago. The idea being (at the time) that the seat stays weren't strong enough for the brakes. They were a real pain to adjust.
Answer: Those brake boosters are definetely by WTB, you can see a logo on third photo. I'd gues that whole assembly is by WTB too, at least google images return very similar results (this post especially, scroll down a bit for a picture).
Comment: Just noticed that title includes WTB in it. Not much to identify here, eh?


What are different ways to develop application in android?

Question: Can anybody tell me how many ways are available to develop applications for the Android platform. The only one way that I know is through Java. I read somewhere that other than Java; Python, Rails and Native C can also be used to develop Android applications. Please help me if anybody knows it, in terms of how these languages are used to create an application with any tutorials, documents or books.
Answer: There are probably currently 10 different ways.
There is jPython, jRuby. I recommend neither yet. It will take time for either of these to become mature on Android.
There is the NDK and JNI to communicate with Java threads. Not recommended unless you already have an existing C app you want to port to it. Not really recommended for C++. The NDK only contains a small subset of C++ headers.
There is Titanium Mobile Accelerator. You develop that in Javascript, and it compiles to native code for either the iPhone or Android (thought, since Apple made that recent announcement, it's probably not good for the iPhone unless Apple gives it its explicit permission).
There is Phone Gap. Not as nice as Titanium Accelerator. Javascript that runs on a Javascript Web Runtime (Phone Gap has been cleared by Apple recently)
There is VMxml (I think). You develop in Java, and will cross-compile to Objective C or other kinds of Java (including Android and xml).
There is Flex/Flash (I think). After all, Android should be able to play Flash. Right?
There is Lua, for $99, with the Corona SDK.
There is Rhomobile and the Rhodes framework, which uses Ruby and Rails-like structure, to generate native Android code. I used to be a big fan of that one. Not so much now.
Does that make 10? And there are few more that I just forgot about. If you want to start with something simple. Start with native Android, basically Java and xml (there are plenty of tutorials everywhere), it's not as complicated as it seems. If you really find that idea bad, then try Titanium Accelerator Mobile (this one has plenty of demo code in the package you download from them, plus you can find plenty of tutorials as well by just googling for them).
Comment: Flash and Air development for Android is just going in to Beta.  If you're interested you can sign up here: https://www.adobe.com/cfusion/entitlement/index.cfm?e=labs_flashplayer10_android_signup
Comment: Can you provide more details on what has turned you off from Rhomobile and Rhodes. I have been trying to follow that but not yet started. I have seen some confusion in the ecosystem since Motorola takeover. Is that the reason, or is it more on technical and usability aspects as compared to other options.
Comment: Sam, At the time, my concern with Rhodes was the lack of regression testing, because the framework would work one day, and stop working the next for some things that had been working previously (not that this affected already compiled applications and not that this affected the framework unless I downloaded a new version of it). That being said, this concern is really really old and probably out of date, and long predates the acquisition by Motorola. I would assume that by now, this is no longer the case.
Comment: In 2013 I started with Android NDK in C, and was repulsed with what I had to go through learning a C-interpreted language scriptin ant to build the APK...when I'd rather code in Google was written in Python, right, so why Java or Python I wondered. Visual studio 2015 *now* gives an interactive interpreter with a Python generous auto-complete editor for ,py files...I learned with CPython 3.x,  and it does allow precompilation of .py, so why not continue with it.I am waiting for a free, 2-3-step .APK packager to automate adb build/push.
Answer: See this question for Python development.
See android-ruby project (for Ruby and not Rails development).
For native development you need the NDK.
Answer: The given list is not complete, but added all important ones

Python
Ruby
Java
HTML5+CSS3+JS
JS
Answer: How do I code thee? Let me count the ways. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GARMe7Km_gk
Comment: fyi: dead link as of now
Comment: Thanks for reporting. The video is still available on [youtube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GARMe7Km_gk), but is now probably as obsolete as that link.
Comment: IDE is visual studio 2015. IIRC, PyICU on PyPi supports MacOX, Windows, and Solaris(https://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyICU/1.9.2). iPython, recently being updated on Github side, a package GUI API that takes seems a simple installation, and integratable into my IDE 2015.


deserialize integer as boolean asp.net javascriptserializer

Question: I am developing a mobile application which serializes a class containing a couple of boolean properties.
It treats boolean properties as integers, hence serializes them as "0" or "1".
On server side (ASP.NET Web Service), JavascriptSerializer tries to convert "0" to boolean, and gives Error: "0 is not a valid value for Boolean"
I need to modify javascript serializer so that when it encounters a "0" or "1" and expects a boolean, it converts their corresponding value to bool.
I investigated JavascriptConverter abstract class but did not help. Could you support with such a working example?
Thanks in advance
Answer: Its better converting true to 1 after Serialization.
Use some wrapper class or custom code


Ohm's law and Joules heating

Question: Ohm's law state that the ratio of V and I gives us a constant value of R provided that the temperature is kept constant throughout. However, in accordance with the joule's heating it would get heated by Isquare. R. So, even if the I and V remains in a linear slope of the graph, should it be rendered as ohms law since that requires temperature to be constant.
Comment: You might be interested in this question and the answers: https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/214897/
Answer: Ohm's law doesn't say anything about temperature. Ohm's law is analogous to Hooke's law in the sense that it is an idealization. Hooke's law idealizes a spring (or "spring-like" system) by assuming that the restoring force always is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium. Ohm's law idealizes resistors by assuming that the current through the resistor is always proportional to the voltage across the resistor.
Of course in the real world the heating of resistors can change their resistance, so we would say in those scenarios Ohm's law is no longer valid. This is analogous to "springs" that do not exactly follow a quadratic potential energy function, or perhaps even for springs that undergo deformation; we would say Hooke's law is no longer valid.
The above laws aren't laws in the same sense as say Newton's laws. They are better understood as idealizations.

So, even if the I and V remains in a linear slope of the graph, should it be rendered as ohms law...

Yes, I would say so.
Comment: @AlejandroNava Technically if the resistance changes at all for any reason then Ohm's law is not satisfied.
Comment: As you said that ohm law only idealizes resistors by assuming that the current through is always proportional to voltage, then should the concept of ohmic metals exist?
Comment: @Abdullah Yes, "Ohmic resistors", just like "Hookean springs".
Comment: Just to clarify, are you saying that if the resistance changes (considerably) with temperature, then Ohm's law is not satisfied?
Answer: The real "Ohms law" just defines what resistance is. $$R=\frac{U}{I}$$  and for real objects R can increase , decrease  or stay constant when I,U or T changes, thats why you get a characteristic curve for resistors, or you buy one whose R is constant over a certain range you need. Usually in school, Ohms law is U=R*I, since you don't vary U or I over a wide range.
Comment: Ohm's law doesn't define resistance. Resistance exists outside of Ohm's law
Comment: I looked it up in wikipedia, so you are right, but it still is true that R is defined as U/I. and if R = const, the resistor  or its material is called a ohmic
Comment: Sure, resistance exists, but how exactly it is defined  depends on definition , Resistance would exist also, if it was defined as 10U/I
Comment: Ok, but Ohm's law doesn't define resistance. Ohm's law assumes that resistance is constant. More generally is assumes that the current density is proportional to the applied electric field. You can give resistance values that change for non-Ohmic devices.

Ohm's law and Joules heating


How to line in 1/8in cable on Samsung Galaxy 7

Question: So, my end goal is this: I want to take audio input from a 3.5mm audio cable, which is outputting sound, send it through the headphone plug into a phone, and transmit to a pair of bluetooth headphones. The phone is a samsung galaxy 7, the headphones are a pair of JBL Free, and I can't remember if the 3.5mm has 3 or 4 poles. Does this sound doable?
Comment: @NordlysJeger That's strange. When making the stackexchange account, I clicked the option that said 'Software or hardware issues' and it directed me here. I'll check out the android SE
Comment: maybe I just misunderstood and your question is actually about Computer hardware which would be the right place here. Maybe you could explain what exactly you tried and which hardware/software you used to do that
Comment: 1) Is your cable the standard 3.5mm four-connector plug ? https://static.rapidonline.com/catalogueimages/product/s51-5131p01wl.jpg Or, is a three pole plug?  https://www.canford.co.uk/Images/ItemImages/large/43-288_01.jpg 2) Is the output from your audio source into the phone line, or microphone, level? 3) Are you able to record a clean signal on your phone once connected with a recorder app? Please click on [edit] and add the answers into your question.
Comment: @NordlysJeger Done. If you have any more questions, please lemme know
Answer: The biggest issue you'll encounter is that you have stereo output but only mono input (on your phones side). Source

As you can see, your phone has two speaker/audio out contacts (used to stream sound e.g. music to another device e.g. speakers) no matter what type of headphone jack you plug in, but only one contact for microphone/audio in (needed to stream music to the phone).
If you plug in your typical headphone cable you only connect to the speaker connectors and not with your microphone connector.

I want to take audio input from a 3.5mm audio cable, which is outputting sound.

If your audio source outputs only in mono you could simply dismantle a four connector cable and remap one of it's speaker contacts to the input contact.
If you want something more refined you could try something like this headphone jack to Bluetooth transmitter which is able to stream stereo to your headphones and probably in a much better quality.
Comment: Thank you for the thorough answer. I did know about the bluetooth transmitter, and was considering getting one. But if i can use my phone instead, it saves me $20 and 4 days in shipment time. But by the looks of what you've shown me, it doesn't seem all that practical. Again, thank you for the answer.


Did Palpatine have the very same powers as Darth Plagueis?

Question: In the Senate, and later again in his office, chancellor Palpatine tells Anakin how Darth Plagueis taught him everything before being slain by Palpatine. Does this include the power to save lives and to make midi-chlorians create life? Palpatine later tells Anakin (now Darth Vader) that only Plagueis was capable of this, which is a contradiction to his former statements, but that when working together they can lift the veil. How much power did Palpatine / Darth Sidious have over the midi-chlorians?
Answer: It depends at what point in time and what you mean by that.
By Return of the Jedi, I'm sure he could do everything Plagueis could do and better. He spent so long studying and advancing his knowledge. He created life in Snoke and successfully cloned a powerful Force user. That's something everybody who tried had trouble with. He also would've had more time to read through Plaguesis stuff. Palpatine said he can't bring Padme back to life once she died, but before that he probably could've kept her alive.
However, if you're saying it like were they the exact same, then the answer is a definite no. Palpatine far eclipsed his former master, and likely knew many things Plagueis did not.
Comment: The Revenge of the Sith should be called "Return of the Sith" and Return of the Jedi "Revenge of the Jedi", just my two pence or something. And I'm unsure whether I'm willing to consider the three Disney sequels canon.
Comment: Revenge is not the Jedi way.
Comment: @suchiuomizu It is not a Jedi goal but do they really hold on to it? It's the Jedi Luke and the rebels who attacked the 2nd death star first. The Empire just tried to maintain/restore peache in the galaxy. At the end of episode III it's the only time peace was achieved throughout the galaxy, Anakin fulfilling his destiny as the chosen one when defeating Gunray and the separatists. No other of the six episodes ended in peace entirely (except episode I perhaps, thanks to young Anakin and a bit also Palpatine a.o. but there remained the corrupt senate and courts).


Hardware recommendation for a laptop with two NIC's (network interface controllers)?

Question: I need a laptop that has two network cards onboard.  I've tried in vein searching for such a beast.  Can anyone shed some light on where I can find such hardware?  It should also have a parallel port.
Answer: Easiest way to aquire dual nics is using the built-in nic and for the second through a usb network adapter or express card ethernet adapter. The express card versions would give you much better performance if you need gigabit speeds.
http://www.tigerdirect.com/applications/category/category_slc.asp?CatId=589&srkey=usb%20ethernet
http://www.tigerdirect.com/applications/SearchTools/item-details.asp?EdpNo=4624349&CatId=200
Same with the parallel port. Just easier get a USB adapter:
http://www.tigerdirect.com/applications/category/category_slc.asp?CatId=471&name=USB%20Parallel%20Adapter
With the external options, you can get almost any laptop you like and would use better.
Answer: That's gonna be mighty hard to find. Just finding one with a parallel port is difficult these days.
Have you considered an option of getting a regular one (that has parallel port and network card inside) and then getting another network card in pcmcia form?
Answer: None with two inbuilt NICs.
Your best bet is to get a USB-to-Ethernet dongle, or a PCMCIA or ExpressCard Ethernet solution.
As to parallel-port, get a USB-to-Parallel port extension, or go for one of the older notebooks (plenty have parallel ports built-in).
Answer: I can't say it isn't expensive, but it's what you're looking for:
Siemens Simatic Field PG M4: 6ES7716-2CA10-0CA4
https://mall.industry.siemens.com/mall/en/ch/Catalog/Product/6ES7716-2CA10-0CA4


E ink display reading values

Question: I want to create a project which involves reading of values of pixels on e ink display. I know there are e ink with touchscreen inputs but I was wondering whether it is possible to use only an e ink display and strong magnet ( in a pen like structure) to alter the black and white at a particular pixel and then read whether the pixel holds a black or white value. Is this even possible? I tried to search on the internet but didn't find much.
Comment: *Is this even possible?* I suggest that you research how an E ink display works, then think how that would work with your idea. You will need to be able to explain how your idea would **work**, so not explaining what it does but **how** it does that.
Comment: I read how an E ink display works..and so far I have concluded that this idea wouldn't work. But I am a beginner in electronics so I needed an experts opinion on this. Thank you so much for your help though..
Answer: No, it is not possible. E-ink displays are not based on magnetism at all. And it isn't possible to use the electrodes to determine the current state of a pixel anyway.

E ink display reading values


Visual Studio addin that combines the Xaml and code behind file titles

Question: I am tired of chasing down the code behind or the Xaml file when they get separated in the visual Studio file title bar. I realize that there are keyboard shortcuts but I once was watching a tutorial video a while back and it looked like the video author had a neat add in that would solve my issue.
The title bar above the code windows generally just show the titles of all the open documents like so; "MainWindow.xaml" or "Helper.cs". Well what I saw in the video was each Xaml file had only one title for both the xaml and cs file, it looked like this "MainWindow  .Xaml  .cs". The file extensions where slightly separated and you could actually click on one of the extensions and open that file.
Does anyone know an add in that would do that? Or could someone point me in the direction of addin coding? it seems like a simple thing to code. I have searched all over but I cant seem to find anything like it.
Thanks.
Answer: Check if the below is that
Tabs Studio
it is available as a trial for free.


Paying Costs you Cannot Afford

Question: Sometimes you get a crisis card that has a choice, such as "-1 Food OR Current Player Discards 3 Cards".  In situations where you cannot afford the cost of the latter, are you forced into the former?  For example, if the current player has no hand, are you required to lose 1 food?
Answer: No, in these cases you are welcome to choose the "discard 3 cards" option and merrily not do anything.
These effects of Crises are not really COSTS per se - in most games costs are non-optional, so your reasoning about being forced to do the other choice makes some sense if you think of these as costs.
But they really aren't costs, they're just the effects of that Crisis, and you're welcome to choose the one that impacts you the least, and execute as much of it as you're able to.
Comment: The rules (http://www.fantasyflightgames.com/ffg_content/Battlestar_Galactica/bsg_rulebook_web.pdf) explicitly state this on page 30 under "Card clarifications"...
Answer: In the rules of the game they have a clarification which specifies this.

When a player makes a choice on a
  Crisis Card, he can always choose the
  top or bottom section of the card,
  regardless of whether he will be able
  to fulfill the game text listed
  (unless the card specifically
  restricts this)

The reason here is that this happens. Without an option, if you were forced to discard 3 cards and only had 2 it is obvious what would occur. The choice makes this issue confusing, which is why the rules have a specific clarification.
This is one of those rare "good" things for the humans.

Paying Costs you Cannot Afford


Exhibit a reduced residue system mod 7 composed entirely of powers of 3

Question: By trial, I configured that $3,3^2,3^3,3^4,3^5,3^6$ is a reduced residue system composed entirely of powers of $3$. However, why this is happening? Is it true for all relatively prime numbers, though?
Comment: $3$ is a generator of the cyclic group $U(7)$, the group of units of the ring $\Bbb{Z}/7\Bbb{Z}$. Have a look at this site for this, it has been answered here, for $U(p)$ and more generally. For a duplicate with $p=31$, see [here](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/112364/how-to-find-a-smallest-group-generator).
Comment: @DietrichBurde My comment was in response to an earlier one of yours. I'm now deleting it.
Answer: No, it is not true for all relatively prime numbers. For example try powers of $2$ and you will find out it is not a reduced residue system. Now why is that happening? If $\gcd(a,n)=1$ then by Euler's theorem $a^{\phi(n)}\equiv 1$(mod $n$). Now, if $\phi(n)$ is also the smallest natural number $m$ for which $a^m\equiv 1$(mod $n$) then $a$ is called a primitive root mod $n$. In that case all invertible elements mod $n$ are powers of $a$. It follows from the fact that if you look at the set $\{1,a,a^2,...,a^{\phi(n)-1}\}$ then it contains $\phi(n)$ different elements. Let's prove that. Suppose $a^i\equiv a^j$(mod $n$) for $0\leq i<j\leq\phi(n)-1$. Then by multiplying both sides by $a^{-i}$ we get $a^{j-i}\equiv 1$(mod $n$) when $1\leq j-i<\phi(n)$ which contradicts the fact that $a$ is a primitive root. So that is what happening in your case-$3$ is a primitive root mod $7$. By the way, not every natural number $n$ has primitive roots, but every prime number does. And if $n$ has a primitive root then there are actually $\phi(\phi(n))$ of them.
Answer: Trial was the right way to go.
This is happening because $3$ is a primitive root for $7$: a number whose powers fill out the reduced residue system.
Every prime modulus has primitive roots. There is no easy way to find them. $2$ is not one for $7$ as you can tell by looking at the sequence of its powers, modulo $7$. They repeat with period $3$, not $6$.
Answer: Yes, that works with the number $3$. However, it doesn't work if you use $2$ instead of $3$, because any power of $2$ is congruent to $1$, $2$, or $4$ modulo $7$. And if you were working with $13$ instead of $7$, $3$ wouldn't work either, because every power of $3$ is congruent to $1$, $3$, or $9$ modulo $13$. You must check it case by case.
Answer: Hint $\bmod 7\!:\,\  \overbrace{3^{\large 6}\equiv 1}^{\large \mu\rm Fermat},\ 3^{\large 2},3^{\large 3}\not\equiv 1\,\Rightarrow\, 3\,$ has order $\,6,\,$ by below

Order Test $\,\ \,a\,$ has order $\,n\iff a^{ n} = 1\,$ but $\,a^{n/p} \not= 1\,$ for every prime $\,p\mid n.\,$
Proof $\ (\Leftarrow)\ $ If $\,a\,$ has $\,\rm\color{#c00}{order\ k}\,$ then $\,k\mid n.\,$  If $\,k < n\,$ then $\,k\,$ is proper divisor of $\,n\,$ therefore $\,k\,$ must omit at least one prime $\,p\,$ from the unique prime factorization of $\,n,\,$ hence
$\,k\mid n/p,\,$ say $\, kj = n/p,\,$ so $\,a^{n/p} = (\color{#c00}{a^k})^j= \color{#c00}1^j= 1,\,$ contra hypothesis. $\ (\Rightarrow)\ $ By definition of order.
Remark $ $ It is a classical result that the group of units (invertibles) of $\,\Bbb Z/n\,$ is cyclic $\iff n = 1,2,4, p^k\,$ or $\,2p^k,\,$ for $p$ an odd prime.


Number of $2\times 2$ unimodular matrices in $Z_p$

Question: Number of $2\times 2$ invertible matrices are $(p^2-1)(p^2-p)$. I was wondering how will the answer change if matrices are constrained to be unimodular. My estimate is $(p^2-1)*2p$.
Answer: If $\phi: G \rightarrow H$ is a surjective homomorphism of finite groups, then the number of elements in $G$ which map to a given $h \in H$ is constant, and equal to $\frac{|G|}{|H|}$.
Let $G = \textrm{GL}_2(F)$, where $F = \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$.  The determinant homomorphism $G \rightarrow F^{\ast}$ is surjective.  You are looking for the number of matrices in $G$ whose determinant is $1$ or $-1$.  This is then
$$2 \frac{|G|}{(p-1)} = 2(p+1)(p^2-p)$$
Edit: Alternative explanation: for each $0 \neq x \in \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$, let $S(x)$ be the subset of $G$ consisting of all elements with determinant $x$.  Check two things:
(i): All the subsets $S(x)$ have the same number of elements.
(ii): $G$ is the disjoint union of the subsets $S(1), ... , S(p-1)$.  That is, $G = S(1) \cup S(2) \cup \cdots \cup S(p-1)$, and $S(x) \cap S(y) = \emptyset$ for $x \neq y$.
It follows from here that the number of elements in $G$, that is, $(p^2-1)(p^2 - p)$, is equal to $p-1$ times the number of elements of $S(1)$.  Thus the number of elements of $G$ with determinant one is $$\frac{(p^2-1)(p^2 - p)}{p-1} = (p+1)(p^2-p)$$
and so the number of elements of $G$ with determinant $1$ or $-1$ is twice that number.
Comment: Whoa, that was too much for me. Is it possible to solve this using just elementary number theory concepts?
Comment: See my edit.  If you still don't understand, ask me specifically about which sentence you get stuck on.


Windows firewall - Predefined set of computers

Question: In the built-in firewall for Windows (Windows Firewall with Advanced Security), the definition of a firewall rule includes a Scope, which is a set of IP address filters which apply to the rule.  There are three basic possibilities:  IP Address/Subnet, IP address range, and Predefined set of computers.  The first two are self explanatory.
If the Predefined Set option is selected, there are several choices:  "Default Gateway", "WINS Servers", "DHCP Servers", "DNS Servers", "Local subnet", "Intranet", "Remote Corp Network", "Internet", "Play To Renderers".
So, my question is about these "predefined" options.  I cannot find any definitive documentation which describes what these actually are.  Some of them are, again, self explanatory (like "Local Subnet"), but others are mysterious (like "Play To Renderers").  And even the more obvious ones could have subtle permutations (what if there are multiple subnets?).
Where is there documentation (ideally from Microsoft) which describes all these "predefined" options?  A nice extra would be documentation for a way to add something to this list (even using something esoteric like a plugin or custom DLL).
Comment: Short answer: you can't define a "set" yourself. Also: I never found a documentation either. Check [this serverfault thread](http://serverfault.com/questions/773529/predefined-set-of-computers-where-to-define).
Answer: I am unable to find any Microsoft documentation detailing what exactly these predefined options refer to. It appears no such documentation exists as even on the TechNet forums no one was able to locate it.


Trouble in detecting USB Drive (Pendrive 2.0)

Question: I just bought a new pendrive  of 8gb storage. It is detected in windows but not in the Ubuntu,but the light in the pendrive still keeps flashing,so  I think the pendrive is ok.
Answer: Not all types of partitions are automatically mounted by Ubuntu. But that doesn't mean the USB drive is not detected.
Run the following command to see all mountpoints.
mount

This will show something like
/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext2 (rw)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/aditya/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=aditya)
/dev/sdb1 on /media/aditya/Aditya type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,flush,uhelper=udisks2)

To see device of only certain format, use
mount -l -t<type>

for example, to show only fat partitioned drives, run
mount -l -tvfat

In most cases, the last one would be the externally mounted drive.
Then run the following command to mount the drive.
udisks --mount /partition

For example
udisks --mount /dev/sdb1

To unmount
udisks --unmount /dev/sdb1

Once mounted, you should see the drive(partition) in both dash and nautilus(or your favorite file manager)
Answer: Maybe  it is an ExFat partition, so you will need to install support for it. Just do sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils and reinsert your flash drive.
Another possibility is that your stick is NTFS formated and it was not removed safely. Just insert it into a win computer, do a scan disk ,remove it cleanly and try angain in Ubuntu. I hope it helps.


Can I use Sentence-Bert to embed event triples?

Question: I extracted event triples from sentences using OpenIE. Can I concatenate the components in the event triple to make it a sentence and use Sentence-Bert to embed the event?
It seems no one has done this way before so I am questioning my idea.
Answer: Sentence-Bert can embed any chain of characters in english and create semantically related embeddings (or at least contextual character-based if the model is dealing with OOV).
Even if no one else did it before, you can do it !
Comment: Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. Please [edit] to add further details, such as citations or documentation, so that others can confirm that your answer is correct. You can find more information on how to write good answers [in the help center](/help/how-to-answer).


Video tutorials in Dashboard

Question: I want to insert a few video tutorials in the wordpress dashboard, instead of creating a pdf manual for a client, as i think they are easier for this client, how would I go about that? I am thinking of having like 4 videos in the dashboard. Where would be the best place to host them as well, in order to keep them private?
Comment: If you want to keep them private host them yourself, you could use something like JW player - http://www.longtailvideo.com/players to stream the videos
Comment: You can use Mark Jaquith's great plugin [WP Help](http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-help/) to add tutorials in the dashboard.
Comment: Also found this http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/emc2-custom-help-videos/
Comment: There is an extremely easy way to do this now, with a plugin that does just that. I ran into the same issue, and was shocked there wasn't a simple plugin that did it, so I wrote my own, and it is now available publicly in the WordPress respository. You can check it out here: [Video Dashboard](https://wordpress.org/plugins/video-dashboard/) If you like it, please rate it! I just released it and getting some reviews would help get it to more people :)
Comment: personally, I'd add a page under the main 'dashboard' menu with the videos. the dashboard can get cramped. as for privacy, you could put them on an Amazon S3 account, or package them with the theme / plugin. I use videojs to do that.
Answer: I do exactly that with my clients!
PDF's are much harder to assemble & nobody Reads The F Manual, anyway :)
And, if you allow me a little digression, I'd recommend this talk about e-learning and video tutorials: Salman Khan: Let's use video to reinvent education.

Dealing with Privacy
YouTube offers two possibilities.
Private videos

If your video is set to Private, only you and up to 50 other users who
  you invite to view the video will be able to see it. The video will
  not appear on your channel, in search results, or in playlists etc.

You cannot share a private video with more than 50 other users.
In order to watch a private video, your contacts must already have a YouTube account.
Thumbnails for a private video will be unlisted, while the video itself will be private. The thumbnails will not appear in any of
  YouTube's public spaces (such as search results, your Channel, or the
  Browse page),

Unlisted videos

An unlisted video is a different type of private video. Unlisted means
  that only people who know the link to the video can view it (such as
  friends or family to whom you send the link). An unlisted video will
  not appear in any of YouTube's public spaces (such as search results,
  your channel, or the Browse page). An unlisted video is different to a
  private video in these ways:

You don't need a YouTube account to watch the video (you can see an
  unlisted video if someone sends you the video's link)
There's no 50 person sharing limit

In Vimeo, with a premium account, you are able to have a video unlisted/invisible and that will only play in domains that you can set.
Recently found this plugin: Secure HTML5 Video Player, but haven't tested yet.

Tip for recording the video
Record with the browser in fullscreen mode, without address bar, bookmarks bar, well, any bar at all.
This way, if you fill the browser window with the video, it seems that you are actually manipulating the very WordPress dashboard.

Displaying the tutorials as a Dashboard Widget
This sample code uses YouTube, that's the normal venue where I publish the tutorials, normally unlisted, but sometimes private.
add_action('wp_dashboard_setup', 'wpse_46445_dashboard_widget');

/*
 * Builds the Custom Dashboard Widget
 *
 */
function wpse_46445_dashboard_widget()
{
    $the_widget_title = 'Site Tutorials';
    wp_add_dashboard_widget('dashboard_tutorials_widget', $the_widget_title, 'wpse_46445_add_widget_content');
}

/*
 * Prints the Custom Dashboard Widget content
 *
 */
function wpse_46445_add_widget_content()
{
    $tutorial_1 = wpse_46445_make_youtube_thumb_link(
        array(
            'id'=>'s-c_urzTWYQ',
            'color'=>'#FF6645',
            'title' => 'Video Tutorial',
            'button' => 'Watch now'
        )
    );

    $tutorial_2 = wpse_46445_make_youtube_thumb_link(
        array(
            'id'=>'HIq9kkHbMCA',
            'color'=>'#FF6645',
            'title' => 'Tutorial em Vídeo',
            'button' => 'Ver agora'
        )
    );

    $html = <<<HTML

How to render videos for web using YouTube horsepower

    {$tutorial_1}

Como renderizar para web videos usando o poder do YouTube

    {$tutorial_2}
HTML;

    echo $html;
}

/*
 * Makes a thumbnail with YouTube official image file
 * the video links opens the video in the "watch_popup" mode (video fills full browser window)
 *
 */
function wpse_46445_make_youtube_thumb_link($atts, $content = null)
{
    $img   = "http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/{$atts['id']}/default.jpg";
    $yt    = "http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v={$atts['id']}";
    $color = ($atts['color'] && $atts['color'] != '') ? ';color:' . $atts['color'] : '';

    $html  = <<<HTML

{$atts['title']}

        {$atts['button']}

HTML;

    return $html;
}

Dashboard: with capital letter = wp-admin/index.php
dashboard: lowercase = WordPress backend administrative area

Video tutorials in Dashboard


Microsoft StreamInSight - Missing interfaces in Microsoft.ComplexEventProcessing.Adapters

Question: I'm trying to build the HitchHiker solution that comes as part of the Microsoft whitepaper on StreamInSight "A Hitchhiker"s Guide to Microsoft StreamInsight Queries". However, I'm getting compile errors such as:
 "Error 1   The type or namespace name 'IDeclareAdvanceTimeProperties' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) C:\gmd\Architecture\cep\HitchHiker\Adapters\InputFactory.cs 45  36  Adapters".
I have verified that the assembly references to Microsoft.ComplexEventProcessing.Adapters.dll has been added to the project.
Also, the object browser for the dll and intellisense does not show the interface in question.
Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks
Gautam
Answer: Have you checked to make sure that you are using the full .NET 4.0 Framework and not just the Client Profile? You can find this in your project properties. If you are using only the Client Profile, you'll get these kinds of error when compiling.
Answer: Perhaps Visual Studio is having a "moment", try flipping the copy local flag on/off on the reference. I had a similar problem with another project and that resolved it for me.


BPEL conflicting Receive

Question: I have a scenario where a BPEL process with a parallel flow is calling an asynchronous process in parallel and waits for their callbacks. I added two correlation sets one to correlate to the calling BPEL process instance and one to correlate to the Receive in which flow path. But I am receiving a conflictingReceive fault response. And the error:
<code>ERROR [PICK] org.apache.ode.bpel.common.FaultException: {Selector plinkInstnace=    {PartnerLinkInstance partnerLinkDecl=OPartnerLink#41,scopeInstanceId=9601},ckeySet=[{CorrelationKey setId=AsynchCorr, values=[hello]}, {CorrelationKey setId=FlowCorr, values=[flow 2:]}],opName=onResult,oneWay=yes,mexId=<null>,idx=0,route=one}
</code>
I am using Apache ODE with Tomcat. Can you help me find a solution for this problem, it is driving me mad!! I can send you sample projects if you can help.
Comment: Please upload your .bpel and .wsdl file to gist and post the url here.
Comment: I tried to use local Partner links for each scope in the two parallel flows, but I receive a TimeoutException waiting for callback
Comment: Caller Process BPEL [CallerProcess.bpel](https://gist.github.com/faridasabry/6575881) and Caller Process WSDL [CallerProcessArtifacts.wsdl](https://gist.github.com/faridasabry/6575910).... Asynchronous Process WSDL [AsynchProcessArtifacts.wsdl](https://gist.github.com/faridasabry/6575935)
Answer: The problem was that I thought the msg is matched with the correlationSet property value .. I have defined another correlationSet with the same flow_property .. I updated the files in the comment above with the true solution. CallerProcess.bpel

BPEL conflicting Receive


Ubuntu 14.04.2 login screen loop back

Question: I have a login screen loop back problem, when I punch my password I get back to the login screen again. I have tried to login with LightDM CI screen by Ctrl+Alt+F3 but there when i put in the username and password it returns incorrect login.I want to try the options of Ubuntu gets stuck in a login loop but to run the commands I have to login. This happened after a repair of Grub.
Answer: I have encountered the same problem with you and now I have solved it. Maybe my solution helps you. You have mentioned that this issue happened after a repair of Grub, so open the apt log file (var/log/apt/history.log) and check the last time when it worked, then you can revert(remove or reinstall) the package that you changed the last time. Then reboot, hope it works for you.

Ubuntu 14.04.2 login screen loop back


Potential conflict-of-interest: Submitting a paper to a conference with advisor (and co-author) as keynote speaker and on the advisory committee?

Question: We are planning to submit a manuscript to a conference. However, my advisor (and co-author on this paper) is a keynote speaker in the conference, as well being a part of the advisory committee (not the program committee or organizing committee). Will there be a conflict of interest if I submit the paper to this conference? I don't think either of these roles (as an advisory committee member or a keynote speaker) has anything to do with the reviewing of the papers submitted, but I wanted to confirm this. I have asked my advisor, but haven't received a response from him yet.
Comment: Normally, in my multidisciplinary field, the organizers themselves care of this aspect. They would favour submissions from the "external world" and not to overflow the conference (if small) or sessions with papers coming from their group(s). Program is always more or less adjusted according to what they intend. I want make a big issue out of that.
Answer: Maybe if the aim was to be completely pure, then this would be considered a conflict of interest.  However, it's unlikely that your advisor would have any role in the reviewing of papers, though I suppose it is theoretically possible he could put unfair pressure on the program committee.
In fact, it is quite common for conferences to allow authors to submit papers even when there is someone on the program committee with a genuine conflict of interest.  They put in place measures that try to keep program committee members from participating in decisions on those papers.  Generally, program committee members with a conflict of interest on a paper do not even see any discussion on that paper, much less participate in any decisions on them.  (In the old days, they left the room if that paper was discussed.  Now they simply do not have access to the reviews of that paper or the discussion thread concerning that papers.)
This became necessary because no one would serve on program committees if it meant none of their advisees could submit papers.  Many conferences have had to further relax this rule and allow program committee members to be non-presenting (non-first) co-authors of papers.


What are the applications of different cost functions and which one to choose?

Question: I have just read about different cost functions for training neural networks. How to determine which cost function is applicable in any given situation?
Comment: If you give examples of particular cost functions that you have in mind, I can expand on my answer. At the moment the question is rather vague and my answer thus rather general.
Answer: Cost function is an essential part of neural network training. It tells the model if and how much are its predictions wrong, and in which direction should they change to be better. The second part implies that the cost function needs to be differentiable w.r.t. model predictions. Since the question is not very specific, I will focus on supervised learning types of loss functions in my answer.
There are two basic cost functions we use all the time:
1. Mean squared error
Defined as $\mathcal L(w) = \frac1N \sum_n^N \lVert f_w(x_n) - y_n \rVert_2^2 $, this loss function is used for regression problems with continuous targets $y$.
2. Multinomial cross-entropy
Defined as $\mathcal L(w) = - \frac1N \sum_n^N\sum_k^K y_{n,k}\log f_{w,k}(x_{n})$, this loss function is used for classification problems with discrete targets.
If you are not sure, use one the simple rule:

Regression $\rightarrow$ MSE
Classification $\rightarrow$ Cross-entropy

In some cases, however, it is beneficial to use a loss function that better reflects the properties of the problem you are trying to solve. Generally, as a form of regularization, it is beneficial to include as much domain knowledge as you have into the model and learning.
For example, the MSE loss assumes normally distributed errors on the data, which is not necessarily always the case. Multinomial cross entropy struggles with class imbalance, in which case using its weighted version may be the better choice. There are other loss functions designed for specific types of problems:

Dice loss for image segmentation [1,3]
Combination of smooth L1 and cross-entropy losses for object detection [2]
there's much more...

References
[1]: Sudre et al., 2017: Generalised Dice overlap as a deep learning loss function for highly unbalanced segmentations
[2]: Girschick, 2015: Fast R-CNN
[3]: Q: Dice-coefficient loss function vs cross-entropy


Do behavior packs on BE need to be purchased by players who join the world?

Question: I purchased Minecraft (Bedrock Edition) so that my kids and I could play together (cross-platform).
I'm playing on pc they are on the switch. My question is if I purchase a behavior pack and start up a world with that pack can my kids join that world without having the pack owned? I'm trying to keep from having to purchase it 3 times?
Comment: to clarify, you are on minecraft bedrock edition, purchasing an addon from the minecraft marketplace, yes?
Comment: its whatever the crossplatform version is . Not the Java edition
Comment: so if i purchase the How to train your dragon pack.and create a world using that mod can my kids join me on that world without having the mod pack purchased on there devices as well?
Answer: Yes, you can so long as the mod is from the official Minecraft marketplace. My friend on Playstation invited me (on pc) to his world and despite me not owning the pack, it still let me join and play with the goodies the modpack came with.
Enjoy!
Comment: Modpack is technically inaccurate when referring to BE. The term is behavior pack (which changes actual data (so adding mobs/running scripts)). These do not need to be downloaded by players joining the world. If there is a resource pack installed as a world resource pack, then the player joining will be prompted to download it.
Answer: No
Your kids don't need to buy your behavior packs again. Although sometimes the game will prompt them to download certain ones, NOT buy them.
In other words, if you already have purchased a pack and uploaded one or more to a world, then basically anyone that is allowed to join can use them so long as they download the packs (if needed).
Hope you have fun with your kids, and don't get blown up by a creeper! ;)


Is a Cauchy sequence bounded in a metric space if the space is not complete?

Question: I don't think a metric space needs to be complete for a Cauchy sequence to be bounded. Being complete means the sequence converges to a point in the space, but the standard proof for Cauchy sequence being bounded does not require you to know what the sequence converges to. For that reason, I think it doesn't matter whether the metric space is complete or not.
Answer: If $(x_n)_{n\in\Bbb N}$ is a Cauchy sequence in a metric space $(X,d)$, then there is some $N\in\Bbb N$ such that $n\geqslant N\implies d(x_m,x_n)<1$. Therefore$$\{x_n\mid n\geqslant N\}\subset B_1(x_N).$$Now, let $M=\max\{d(x_N,x_k)\mid k<N\}$; it exists, since it is the maximum of a finite set. Then$$\{x_n\mid n<N\}\subset B_{M+1}(x_N)$$and therefore, since $M+1>1$,$$\{x_n\mid n\in\Bbb N\}\subset B_{M+1}(x_N).$$
Answer: A more conceptual way to see it: Let $X$ be a metric space, $x_n$ a Cauchy sequence in $X$, and let $\overline X$ be its completion. We can isometrically embed $X$ into $\overline X$, and the image $\overline x_n$ of the sequence $x_n$ will still be a Cauchy sequence, since its elements still have the same distance from each other. But this sequence converges, since we're in a complete space, so it must be bounded. And since the distances between the $x_n$ are the same as the ones between the $\overline x_n$, $x_n$ must also be bounded.
Answer: Yes it is.
Let $(x_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ be a Cauchy sequence in a metric space $(E,d)$. By definition, there exists $N \in \mathbb{N}$ such that for every $p \geq N$, you have
$$d(x_p,x_N)\leq 1$$
Let
$$M = \max \lbrace d(x_i,x_N), 0 \leq i \leq N-1 \rbrace + 1$$
You have then that for every $i \in \mathbb{N}$,
$$d(x_i,x_N) \leq M$$
so for every $i \in \mathbb{N}$,
$$x_i \in B(x_N, M)$$
(where $B(x_N, M)$ denotes the ball centered at $x_N$ of radius $M$) ; i.e. the sequence is bounded.
Answer: Hint:For fixed $y$ the sequence ${d(x_n,y)$ is  a Cauchy sequence of real numbers. Hence it is bounded.


Advantage of 2's complement over 1's complement?

Question: What is the advantage of 2's complement over 1s' complement in negative number representation in binary number system? How does it affect the range of values stored in a certain bit representation of number in binary system?
Comment: I think this Wikipedia article should answer this question sufficiently: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations
Comment: It is not a question of advantage. The first step in two's complement IS one's complement. After that one is added to eliminate the presence of a positive zero and a negative zero. (You must eliminate a bit because you "bought" a bit to carry the sign -- and that eliminates TWO values from use in the bit width you are using.)
Answer: The primary advantage of two's complement over ones' complement is that two's complement only has one value for zero. Ones' complement has a "positive" zero and a "negative" zero.
Next, to add numbers using one's complement you have to first do binary addition, then add in an end-around carry value.
Two's complement has only one value for zero, and doesn't require carry values.
You also asked how the range of values stored are affected. Consider an eight-bit integer value, the following are your minimum and maximum values:

Notation
Min
Max

Unsigned:
0
255

One's Comp:
-127
+127

Two's Comp:
-128
+127

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_number_representations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement
Comment: To generalize it: For N-bit, One's compliment can represent integers in range `−(2^(N−1)−1) to 2^(N−1)−1` and Two's compliment can represent integers in range `−2^(N−1) to 2^(N−1)−1`.
Answer: The major advantages are:

In 1's there is a -0 (11111111) and a +0 (00000000), i.e two value for the same 0. On the other hand, in 2's complement, there is only one value for 0 (00000000). This is because
+0 --> 00000000

and
 -0 --> 00000000 --> 11111111 + 1 --> 00000000

While doing arithmetic operations like addition or subtraction using 1's, we have to add an extra carry bit, i.e 1 to the result to get the correct answer, e.g.:
       +1(00000001)
     +
       -1(11111110)
     -----------------
     = (11111111)

but the correct answer is 0. In order to get 0 we have to add a carry
  bit 1 to the result (11111111 + 1 = 00000000).
In 2's complement, the result doesn't have to be modified:
               +1(00000001)
              +
               -1(11111111)
         -----------------
              = 1 00000000

Answer: Negative integers :
2's complement makes sense to be used for negative integers. 1's complement is just a computation technique which might be helpful to evaluate 2's complement. The real (defeated) rival of 2's complement was the sign-magnitude representation for negative integers.
No overflow : 1's complement has no special usage for negative integers. 2's complement makes sense because it can be used in natural addition and subtraction arithmetic without any need to change the bits. Providing that no overflow occurs, the sign bit of the result is just the right value. The bit number promotion in this notation is straight forward, for example, to promote an 8-bit signed integer to 16, we could simply repeat the sign bit of integer value in the high byte of it.
Sign magnitude : On the contrary, the sign-magnitude notation is just the way that human uses to represent negative integers. The bit number promotion and addition subtraction arithmetic is a bit mess with this notation.
Answer: Advantages of Two's Complement #1
In Two's Complement representation, the value zero is
uniquely represented by having all bits set to zero:
**
Advantages of Two's Complement #2
**
When you perform an arithmetic operation (for example,
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) on two
signed integers in Two's Complement representation, you
can use
exactly the same method
as if you had two
unsigned integers (that is, nonnegative integers with no sign
bit) ...
EXCEPT
, you throw away the high carry (or the high
borrow
for subtraction)
Advantages of Two's Complement #3
This property of Two's Complement representation is so
incredibly handy that virtually every general
purpose
computer available today uses Two's Complement.
Why? Because, with Two's Complement, we don't need
special algorithms
(and therefore extra circuitry) for
arithmetic operations that involve negative values.
Answer: Another major advantage of Two's complement over signed bit representation is 2's complement representation is easy to manipulate in hardware
Comment: @Pacerier, no it's not. It doesn't matter whether the hardware would optimize whichever one is chosen. It's the fact that the circuitry (system of logic gates connected together) required to build the hardware needed to optimize addition & subtraction on 1's complement numbers would be more complicated then the circuitry of the hardware needed to optimize addition & subtraction on 2's complement.
Comment: @user904542, Do you mean **all** electronic hardware? Hmm, what about new biocomputers?
Comment: Isn't this hen-egg problem though?  since the hardware would optimize whichever one was chosen...
Answer: 2s complement isn't for representing a negative number it's an inverse.
Means you can do A + B' (where B' is the 2s complement of B) to give A - B, means you can do everything with an adder and not need a substracter
Comment: Did you mean that its not two's compliment that represent negative number but 2's compliment are represented by negative number?
Comment: Nope 2s complement is the decimal equivalent of * -1. 2s complement of a negative number is positive as in the most significant bit is zero


How do hosting companies know that a person owns a domain name?

Question: I was wondering how a hosting company can verify that you own a domain from another company that registers domains. I know that you change the DNS at the register site, and that you put the website in hosting company's site, but is that all?
Thanks!
Answer: That's all there is to it.  the hosting company takes your word for it that you own the domain.  If you cannot change the DNS to point to their servers, then you don't own it.  Either way they are happy to keep your money.  The only reason they need to know your domain is that in a shared hosting environment your domain shares an IP with other domains and they need to tell the web server which of several accounts to serve the pages from.  If you wanted to have several domains resolve to the same site in a shared hosting environment then they'd need to point all of the possible domains to a single account - for which they'd charge you more.
Comment: That creates a race condition.  Some (most?) hosting companies will catch this and report an error (domain already hosted here or some such).  Others will redirect to the second account which would allow someone to spoof the real site.  I'd like to think the hosting company would catch this in almost all cases but I know of one case where they did not.  Slightly different case, my current host moved me to a new server a while back and never deleted the account on the old server.  One day I signed on and my web site was pointing to the old account which was then 9 months stale.
Comment: Interesting! What happens if multiple people in the same hosting company say they own a domain, and that DNS is directed towards the hosting company. How does the hosting company which person actually owns it?


PC to PC file transfer over internet

Question: I use a Windows XP PC and have a file of about 700mb, that I would like to copy to another PC (Win XP) over internet. None of the PCs have have a static IP from ISP. How can I transfer the file? I don't prefer uploading the file to a file sharing server and download it in the other PC. Is there any other way (like team viewer or torrent)?
Answer: On easy possibility would be using Teamviewer.
You also could query IP from Websites like http://www.wieistmeineip.de/ but there are many problems with forwarding the adress/port through the router and your firewall.
Answer: Skype can also transfer files. Probably easier to set up than setting up a ftp server and client.
Answer: You can use SSH to copy files securely from one system to another. One must run a windows SSH server program such as freeSSHd, while the other uses an SSH copy tool such as PuTTY Secure Copy client. In order to know what your system's IP address is you could write a batch script send an e-mail (with blat) with the server's current IP address, then create a scheduled task to run the script every day (or every few hours even).
Answer: You can setup a FTP Server using Filezilla and connect to it from any other PC/Mac/Smartphone...this is the easiest way to transfer files between your computer over the internet..an alternative would be to use Dropbox and put the files in your Public Folder and copy the URL which can then be used to download the file
Comment: A Dynamic DNS like [FreeDNS](http://freedns.afraid.org) can be used which updates the ip address every time it changes
Comment: Using an FTP server with dynamic IP addresses would be messy since both users would need to confirm the addresses before the upload/download
Answer: I haven't actually ever tried it for a personal files, but you could transfer the file using the BitTorrent protocol which was designed for peer-to-peer file sharing. There are many free client programs available like µTorrent to use. The documentation for the latter discusses how to create a private torrent file and send a link to it to someone else for sharing. There are also many tutorials on the web.
Answer: You can use [file ai]:

fileai.com is a free web site that enables people to securely share files with one another that cannot be easily sent via e-mail. You don't need to download or install any software, and your files are not uploaded to any server. The files are encrypted and sent directly, peer-to-peer, through your existing web browser.
Answer: Opera unite used to provide file sharing feature from within the opera browser. Pity they are not developing it anymore. Older version might still work.
One suggested alternative is Tonido's explorer app (See ars tehnica guide).
Obligatory xkcd reference.
Answer: Teamviewer should be the best option(the fastest one) I see imo. Torrent would be very slow to transfer.
Comment: Why would a torrent be any slower?
Comment: That depends on the bandwith between the 2 computers. Torrents and teamviewer have different ways to transfer data.

PC to PC file transfer over internet


One way MANOVA or Two way MANOVA

Question: I have done statistics many times at Uni at both Undergraduate and Postgraduate levels but as they say "if you don't use it, you lose it" and that is certainly the case. I am trying to assist my daughter in her final year assignment by advising her on which statistical test to use but am getting confused between whether I need a two-way MANOVO and a one way MANOVA (or maybe neither if I am completely off track) and I am not finding any similar examples on the internet when I look to answer my dilemma.
Study aim: To investigate the effects of nitrogen on the growth of Salvinia Molesta
Outcome and explanatory variables
Growth is assessed as change in leaf size and leaf number = 2 dependent variables which are related as an increase in size in linearly related to an increase in leaf number
The effect of nitrogen is investigated by looking at two forms of nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) and for each of these types of nitrogen there are several different concentrations of nitrogen and +/- salt in the growing environment(total conditions tested for each of the nitrogen types = 9 and each condition is tested on 5 plants).
I am not sure if there are 2 x IVs or just one.  I think it is 2, one for each type of nitrogen being tested- each of which has several levels (concentration of nitrogen source and addition of salt) but if that is the case I cannot work out how to set up the spreadsheet and there will be empty cells.  For each nitrogen/growing medium there was 5 samples.
Nitrate Ammonium    Leaf size   Leaf number
N1C1T1      x   x
N1C1T2      x   x
N1C1T3      x   x
N1C1T4      x   x
N1C1T5      x   x
N2C1T1  x   x
N2C1T2  x   x
N2C1T3  x   x
N2C1T4  x   x
N2C1T5  x   X
Etc for each condition and trial
Where
Nitrate = results for nitrate environment
Ammonium = results for ammonium environment
C = condition – 1-8 different composition of growing environment
T = trial number – 1-5
Which leads me to think there is only one IV - nitrogen, which has 2 types with each type having several levels but this is where it gets too complex for me to know if this is right as I can't find an example that matches it.  For this scenario I would set the spreadsheet up as follows:
Condition   Leaf size   Leaf number
N1C1T1
N1C1T2
N1C1T3
N1C1T4
N1C1T5
N1C2T1
N1C2T2
N1C2T3
N1C2T4
N1C2T4
etc
etc
Where
N = nitrogen type – 1 or 2
C = condition – 1-8 different composition of growing environment
T = trial number – 1-5
++ I am not sure if each individual trial result is recorded in the sheet or just the mean of the 5 trials
I hope you can provide some guidance.  Specifically are you able to advise if MANOVA is the correct test and if so, is there one IV or two IVs and lastly do I record each trials result of only the mean for each condition (average of all 5 trials).
Comment: https://quantitudepod.org/s2e09-manova-must-die/
Answer: For MANOVA you need a balanced experiment, meaning each combinations of N and C has to be tested equal number of times. If that is the case, the 2 way MANOVA would seem adequate.
Since you are analyzing two sources of nitrogen, my feeling is that there should be an interacton term in your MANOVA, since the effect of a given dose of nitrogen of type 1 would likely not be the same under different doses of nitrogen of type 2 (to a certain extent, one might expect the two types of nitrogen to be sustitutive of each other).
Comment: Thanks for your reply.  To clarify - and this is where I am unsure if the 2-way MANOVA is correct is: Nitrate (nitrogen type 1) is tested under 8 conditions (different concentrations of nitrate and + or - salt)  on 5 plants (5 trials for each condition).  Ammonium (nitrogen type 2) is tested under exactly the same conditions i.e. concentrations as in experiment 1) and on 5 plants (5 trials for each condition).  So given this I cannot work out how to set up the results.  Are there 3 columns, the first with the nitrogen type and condition, the second leaf size and third leaf number?
Comment: I understood that a single plant was given nitrogen simultaneously of two types and different doses of each type, hence my  recommendation of MANOVA 2-way. If you are giving nitrate or ammonuim (but not both) I think you can use a 1-way MANOVA with a single treatment and 16 levels, or a 2-way MANOVA with two crossed treatments (Ammonium, Nitrate) x (Dose1, ..., Dose 8). Or, still, multivariate regression, given that one treatment is cualitative (Ammonium, Nitrate) but the other is measured as a continuous value, even if it is discretized.

One way MANOVA or Two way MANOVA


Varnish ESI include only works when parent page is fetched from backend

Question: I'm running Varnish 3.0.2, Apache2, Pressflow. I am trying to get ESI up and working for the first time, and it does work, but only the first time the parent page is requested. After that it just pulls the parent page and the replaced content from the cache. The only thing I can think of is that the included content is being cached permanently, even though I am telling it to not cache the included file at all, here is the object for the included file being stored...
11 ObjProtocol  c HTTP/1.1
11 ObjResponse  c OK
11 ObjHeader    c Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2012 23:25:56 GMT
11 ObjHeader    c X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.3-1ubuntu9.10
11 ObjHeader    c Last-Modified: Wed, 18 Jul 2012 23:25:56 +0000
11 ObjHeader    c Expires: Sun, 11 Mar 1984 12:00:00 GMT
11 ObjHeader    c Vary: Cookie,Accept-Encoding
11 ObjHeader    c ETag: "1342653956"
11 ObjHeader    c Content-Encoding: gzip
11 ObjHeader    c Content-Length: 656
11 ObjHeader    c Content-Type: text/html
11 ObjHeader    c Server: Apache/2.2.11
11 ObjHeader    c Cache-Control: no-store

I've spent a full day on this, searched, read every article I can find, tried a whole heap of config tweaking, both in the VCL and in the HTTP headers. I can't see anything I'm doing wrong.
This is a snippet from my VCL, trying to force it to not store in the cache
sub vcl_fetch {
  set beresp.do_esi = true;
  if (req.url ~ "^/esi_") {
    set beresp.http.Cache-Control = "no-store";
    set beresp.ttl = 0s;
  }
}

I would add that I am seeing nothing to inidicate errors in the varnishlog. I've tried using just the path, and host + path in the include src, but no difference. It simply won't ask the backend for fresh content. If you were looking at the logs for the second and subsequent requests, you wouldn't realise it was an ESI page.
Answer: provide in the sub vcl_recv {} something that tells varnish not to lookup for the request in the cache and define an additional http response element from your backend server, which is handled by a condition in vcl. e.g. "pragma: no-cache" ..
you might extend this condition in the vcl_recv with ~ "^/esi_" ..
sub vcl_recv(
  # ...
  # the rest goes here ..
  # ...
  if ((req.url ~ "^/esi_") && (req.http.pragma ~ "no-cache")) {
    return (pass);
  }
 # ...
}