FATAL EXCEPTION: main java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError in Android Studio library

Question: I added FDxSDKProAndroid.jar file in libs folder of my project in android studio. Also added dependency in build.gradle file.
dependencies {
    compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:18.0.0'
    compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:4.0.30'
    compile files('libs/FDxSDKProAndroid.jar')
}

Project builds properly without any error but onRuntime I got following error,How to resolve this error?
Error occured in following line,
sgfplib=new JSGFPLib((UsbManager)getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE));

Error:
12-04 13:35:13.022  12345-12345/? E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: Couldn't load jnisgfplib from loader dalvik.system.PathClassLoader[DexPathList[dexElements=[zip file "/data/app/com.mycompany.mytrack-1.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app-lib/com.mycompany.mytrack-1, /vendor/lib, /system/lib]]]: findLibrary returned null
            at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary(Runtime.java:359)
            at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:514)
            at SecuGen.FDxSDKPro.JSGFPLib.<clinit>(JSGFPLib.java:150)
            at com.mycompany.mytrack.FingerPrintActivity.onCreate(FingerPrintActivity.java:105)
            at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5122)
            at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1081)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2270)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2358)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.access$600(ActivityThread.java:156)
            at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1340)
            at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
            at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:153)
            at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5297)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
            at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:833)
            at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:600)
            at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
12-04 13:35:13.033      511-529/? E/AppErrorDialog﹕ Failed to get ILowStorageHandle instance

Comment: This solution helped me a lot http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18556114/android-studio-0-2-6-and-zbar-project-setup
Answer: You could just put the .so files into jniLibs folder in src/main. This was introduced in AS 0.7.2 1
As a sample, see this from @CommonsWare, or see this page for official samples (scroll to the bottom of page)
Comment: This worked for me. I was having the same issue with the Twilio SDK.
Comment: link to @CommonsWare answer is broken
Answer: Here is my last hack when i was integrating with the same library for finger print device while trying to import .so files into Android Studio 1.5
Error occurred in this line
sgfplib=new JSGFPLib((UsbManager)getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE));

Solution was to create a folder with the name armeabi-v7a in src/main/jniLibs so the hierarchy should be as the attached screen shot.

Hope this can help :) with the latest Android Studio 1.5
Comment: yes , this is only the working solution , Thanku so much
Comment: @Mohamed i dont have jniLibs folder in my app. how to add it.
Comment: @MaheshGawhane actually you have to create it yourself.
Answer: It looks like it's trying to load a native library, and there isn't support in Android Gradle for native code yet. You should double-check the docs for your library to confirm; I tried to look it up but it looks like it's a commercial library without publicly accessible docs.
Comment: Yes Still no support for native library in Android gradle.Just I followed simple hack.It works great.https://groups.google.com/d/msg/adt-dev/nQobKd2Gl_8/Z5yWAvCh4h4J
Comment: @Ramprasad, I don't think this may be the correct answer anymore.
Answer: There is a way .. but it is a simple hack.
U can bind armeabi folder inside which there is XXXX.so files.
these are the native codes and as @Scott Barta said there isn't support in Android Gradle for native code.
So lets wrap it like our normal jar files..
Step 1: create a folder and name it 'lib'
Step 2: took the armeabi>xxxx.so files inside the lib folder.
Setp 3: now zip the lib file and name the zipped file as XXXXX.zip.
Now the project structure will be XXXX.zip-lib-armeabi-xxxx.so
Step 4: Copy the zip file to Libs folder of android studio.
Step 5: Rename the xxxx.zip to xxxx.jar
Step 6: paste the code below in the dependency of gradle.
dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
}
Now Sync gradle and then run.
Note: This armeabi will work only if the cpu of emulator is armeabi.
For intel x86 you may need to create 'x86' folder inside zip and paste corresponding .so file in that folder.
This worked for me. try it :)
Happy coding..


What if a guilty person is later found innocent?

Question: Suppose someone was found guilty according to evidence, jailed, then more evidence finds him/her innocent way later (like the incriminating evidence was later found to be fabricated). Would this mean that the innocent person would recieve compensation or something else?
Answer: There is much variation between states, but a wrongful incarceration could be compensated. In almost half of the states there is no compensation. In Ohio for example, if you were charged and did not plead guilty (no plea bargaining!), and the conviction was vacated, dismissed, or reversed and the offense was "not committed by the individual or was not committed by any person", then you can sue the state, and the statute specifies $40,330 annually plus lost wages, costs, and attorney's fees.
There is a significant difference between finding that the conviction was not legally right, and that the accused is factually innocent, in this respect. If a conviction is overturned for lack of Mirandizing or reversible error by the trial judge, that doesn't lead to compensation in Ohio. If you can prove that it wasn't you (e.g. somebody else actually did it), then it could.
Comment: What if the result is that there was no good reason to believe it was you? Proving that it wasn't you is usually very difficult.
Answer: Another key point to consider is when the new evidence of innocence becomes available. As a general rule, a conviction can only be set aside if new evidence of innocence was not available to present at the original trial resulting in a conviction.
Suppose that Mr. Anderson is convicted of murder after a fair trial which Mr. Anderson defended primarily on the basis that the prosecution had failed to offer evidence sufficient to prove their fairly thin case beyond a reasonable doubt.
Suppose further, that Mr. Anderson chose not to take the stand in his own defense, because if he did that, the jury would have learned of Mr. Anderson's long criminal record of felony domestic violence, rape and armed robbery, and would have been biased against him as a result even if they had doubts about his innocence.
But, Mr. Anderson knew that Mr. Smith could serve as an alibi witness to establish that Mr. Anderson was on the other side of the state at the time the murder was committed but decline to call Mr. Smith because Mr. Smith and Mr. Anderson were raping an elderly woman at the time. This evidence would be very credible because Mr. Smith was recording video of the entire incident on his phone and the local town's homecoming parade which took place at the exact moment as the murder, was visible in the background of the video out a window, and many signs on floats displayed the year of this particular parade and the name of the town's high school. Mr. Smith was in a jail next to the courthouse at the time of the trial on public intoxication charges and would have been easily available to produce to testify with a subpoena. The video recording was stored on a phone in a safe deposit belonging to Mr. Anderson at the time of the trial that Mr. Anderson had easy access to because he was free on bail prior to the trial and the safe deposit box was in the same town as the trial.
Seven years later, after the statute of limitations has run on any possible prosecution for rape in the case, Mr. Anderson seeks to offer up the testimony of Mr. Smith and the video recording, in order to set aside the murder conviction for which Mr. Anderson is now on death row.
Since the evidence offered in order to set aside the conviction was not "newly discovered" after the conviction, it is not clearly established law that Mr. Anderson would have a legal right to have his conviction set aside, even if a judge believes that Mr. Anderson is "actually innocent" of the crime for which he is scheduled to be executed. It is not clear that it would be unconstitutional or illegal to execute Mr. Anderson in these circumstances, even though it was clearly established that he was actually innocent of the murder for which he was convicted and sentenced to die.
This particular issue of setting aside convictions for "actual innocence" is one of the major unresolved issues in habeas corpus law which mostly deals with the circumstances under which convictions can be set aside.
Comment: Although your post wasn't a standalone answer (which is why I didn't accept it instead of user6726's answer), it added valuable details so I up-voted it.


Does it say anywhere in the tax code that it is a law to pay FEDERAL taxes

Question: I thought I heard there was one court case of a sovereign citizen who asked the question of the prosecution where in the tax code it says that paying federal taxes is the law. When the prosecution was unable to prove or show that the tax code does say it is a law the defendant won the case. Plus knowing that the writers of the constitution did not want a federal tax imposed why is it now mandatory.
Comment: ha ha, ha ha ha, don't try this yourself, talk to Wesley Snipes first.
Comment: The tax code is literally composed of laws, so the only question as to their authority is whether they are in compliance with the constitution.  Which, as the present answer states, is unambiguously granted by a constitutional amendment.
Comment: If a "sovereign citizen" says something, relying on their advise is very likely to send you to prison.
Answer: The US has changed since the eighteenth century, and so the framers wisely made provision for the Constitution to be changed in ways that they themselves might not have envisaged or wanted. The 16th Amendment in 1909 specifically authorised a federal income tax.


Link Forms on Wordpress

Question: On our Wordpress site, we have a form that consists of a series of (radio button style) questions.  Depending on which answer the user provides to a particular question, we'd like to show the user a different form.  That is, we would like to link multiple forms to our one main form.  Is this possible? If so, can someone explain how to do this, or point me to any kind of resource that might help? I am very new to Wordpress.
Answer: You could create a hierarchical custom post type and create a post for each form. Child forms are then set under a parent, their slug or a post meta field connected to the answers of their parent form.
When the form is submitted, you use the answer to select the best matching child and the you show that child form.

Another approach.

Create a special endpoint, let's say submit with the sub-type step.

On the main page, show the form. When the submission is a POST request, validate the submitted data and either show the same for again to correct user errors or …

Create a new post for that company with wp_insert_post(). This function returns a post ID. Redirect the user to the next step (/submit/step/2) and show the next form. Add the post ID as hidden field, and set a cookie for the user, so you can track the progress.
Again, when that form is processed lead to step 3 or a success message.
Comment: Can you link me to where they describe heirarchical custom post types - haven't heard of these before.
Comment: Sorry - apparently hitting enter submits the comment.  But I would also like to know if that would match the criteria for the following example: I have a form that creates a new company and a post generated from that form. Then I have a multiple forms for products based on the type of company. I still want to generate a product post based on the form for every submission. Let me know if that doesn't make sense.
Comment: Oh, now I get what you are out for. I think another approach than my first suggestion would be better.

Link Forms on Wordpress


How do devices control how much power they use?

Question: In power systems (Australian for reference) the grids run at a constant voltage of 220V. I've heard of switches were less voltage being used is created by adding more resistors for example to dim light bulbs. But for more advanced appliances such as a PlayStation 4, there's a rest mode that uses significantly less power. How do electronic devices use less power without needlessly wasting it using resistors? Sorry if this is a basic question I am only in my preliminary year.
Answer: Start by thinking about how electronic devices use power at all. Where does the power go?
Well the power usually goes through a "power supply unit" containing some power converting circuits that turn the high-voltage AC into low-voltage DC. Then it goes to a bunch of computer chips that are all in parallel. And some other circuits, also in parallel. Everything is connected to the power supply in parallel.
In parallel? That means if we turn off some of the chips or circuits, the total resistance goes up! It's not adding resistors in series, it's removing resistors in parallel.
In reality, it's quite rare to turn an entire chip on or off, but it's quite common for each chip to have circuits inside it that can turn parts of the chip off. Then, power saving mode is when most of the parts that can be turned off are turned off. Of course it's not limited to chips, it's just that most of the interesting stuff in modern electronics happens inside chips.

Even dimmer switches don't work by adding series resistance any more. They work by turning the lightbulb on and off repeatedly. You can see that a 0-ohm resistor doesn't waste any power (because voltage is 0) and an infinite-ohm resistor also doesn't waste any power (because current is 0). By alternating between 0 and infinite ohms the dimmer can adjust the amount of power that goes to the lightbulb without wasting any. We don't think of an 0/infinite-ohm resistor as a resistor - we think of it as a switch.


Difference between optimism and expectation

Question: In vipassana we are asked to be optimist. But buddha said expectation is the cause of all suffering. .
Is there any difference between expectation and optimism?
Comment: Where is it said that one is asked to be optimistic when practicing Vipassana meditation?
Answer: To 'expect' is to imagine a particular state of the world and assume or assert that it will come to be. It is a counterfactual that can lead to discontentment and attachment (dukkha and tanhā) if it doesn't come to pass exactly as imagined.
To be 'optimistic' is to have trust in the workings of the world: faith that whatever outcome arises (expected or unexpected) will ultimately work out well. Optimism is an attitude more than a belief, and it's an attitude that tends to dissolve discontentment and attachment.
Answer: You asked about "expectation", but let's start with the word "expect". The word "expect" is used in translations of the suttas in terms of future certainty.

DN16:1.4.5: "As long as the Vajjis meet frequently and have many meetings, they can expect growth, not decline.

However, the word "optimist" is not used in the same translations, so we have to rely on Google:

involving an overestimate.
"previous estimates may be wildly optimistic"

Although we can expect a future certain outcome, we should not fall into the optimistic trap of expecting it tomorrow. So some expectations are well founded and those are discussed throughout the suttas. However, there are also optimistic expectations which are delusional. In other words, the Vajjis may have to endure much hardship before growth happens. As we deepen our practice, we can expect skillful outcomes but should not be optimistic about instant success. It takes time for our practice to be fruitful, not forever, but not never:

AN3.87:2.6: With the ending of three fetters they have at most seven rebirths.
AN3.87:2.7: They will transmigrate at most seven times among gods and humans and then make an end of suffering.

Returning to "expectation", we have:

SN22.3:12.1: And how does one have expectations?
SN22.3:12.2: It's when someone thinks:
SN22.3:12.3: 'In the future, may I be of such form, such feeling, such perception, such choices, and such consciousness!'

Form, feeling, perception, choices and consciousness are the five grasping aggregates. As they grasp, we crave. And as we crave, we suffer.

AN4.9:3.1: Knowing this drawback—
AN4.9:3.2: that craving is the cause of suffering—
AN4.9:3.3: rid of craving, free of grasping,
AN4.9:3.4: a mendicant would wander mindful."
Comment: I feel physically ill reading sankharā translated as choices.
Comment: @user23786, I notice that my understanding of the English language has changed after reading the suttas. The suttas have been more helpful than the English language, so that seemed to be a good solution to feeling ill. English is just a view.
Answer:
In vipassana we are asked to be optimist.

One can't force themselves or pretend to be optimistic. Instead, optimism, or a positive attitude about life can only come as a result of diligent cultivation of the Path, after a certain degree of Samatha/tranquility and Vipassana/insight have been developed. See Ven. Brahm's excellent essay Joy At Last To Know There Is No Happiness In The World for more details.
Answer:
"It's so ironic that Buddhism is called pessimistic. Actually, it's probably the most optimistic teaching there could be. Human beings have the ability to totally transcend suffering, that's what the Buddha says. He not only says it, he also gives us a path to follow. He gives us the techniques and he also tells us, "You've got to develop these qualities of mind: an enjoyment in the path, persistence in the path, showing interest and sensitivity in what you're doing, and using your own ingenuity. Make use of them.""

~ Thanissaro Bhikkhu "The Power to Transcend Suffering" https://www.dhammatalks.org/Archive/Writings/CrossIndexed/Published/Meditations9/0203n1b1PowertoTranscendSuffering,The.pdf
Answer: There is no standardized "Vipassana" and very few people agree on what is vipassana & how to achieve it.

Buddha said "expectation is root"

Did he really?

"Monks, there are these three roots of what is unskillful. Which three? Greed is a root of what is unskillful, aversion is a root of what is unskillful, delusion is a root of what is unskillful.

"Now, there are these three roots of what is skillful. Which three? Lack of greed is a root of what is skillful, lack of aversion is a root of what is skillful, lack of delusion is a root of what is skillful.

There is another way of explaining what is root of all things when asked by people from other schools/sects. If they ask what is the root of all things one should answer

all things are rooted in desire

One can say that expectation creates suffering, but this doesn't have much to do with Buddhism in particular. Expectations are a cause for disappointment, if there are no expectations then there is no disappointment, in that sense it's suffering, this is obvious.
Expectations can be realistic or not-realistic. In the world it is held that unrealistic expectations in particular are a cause for suffering and the realistic one's a cause for equanimity.
In Buddha's teachings expectation itself comes under 'suffering' because it is impermanent.
Optimism is likewise good & necessary if it's tied to wisdom. As example, a person should believe that good behavior will have good expected value and that the doer of good will meet with good fortune when the results of the good deeds mature.
If he didn't believe that then it would be difficult to find motivation to keep up the good behavior especially if met with bad fortune whilst the good has yet to mature.


How to deploy unmanaged package in developer org which has Person Account enabled?

Question: I want to deploy package from sandbox org to developer org. In sandbox org I have enabled person accounts and also enabled person accounts in the developer org. Can anybody tell me the process of uploading the package from the sandbox org to developer org?
Answer: Package creation feature is only available in developer edition and not in sandboxes.
Now, as you mentioned, you have the components in sandbox and want to move to developer org, then I would suggest to take an extract of all components in Eclipse Force.com IDE, and then use the deploy feature to move to developer edition.
Please make sure to enable person account in developer edition org (target org) as well(if not already done).


Blow-up of a three-dimensional variety at a node

Question: Let $X$ be a three-dimensional variety over $\mathbb{C}$ with a nodal singularity at a point, say $P$. Is the exceptional divisor of the blow-up of $X$ at $P$ isomorphic to a smooth quadric in $\mathbb{P}^3$? I read this statement in an article, but am not able to find a proof.
Comment: For me this follows quickly from the definitions of "nodal singularity" and "blow-up". Are you using different definitions? I would say a scheme has a nodal singularity if it is locally isomorphic to the vanishing locus of a single equation whose lowest-degree term is a nondegenerate quadratic form.
Comment: @WillSawin It is the same definition. Can you suggest a reference or write down the idea in the answer.
Comment: In local analytic coordinates, the variaty has the form $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^4=0$ in a 4-dimensional polydisc. Blowup the origin and take the strict transform, the exceptional divisor is given by the same equation in $\mathbb P^3$, which is a smooth quadric.
Comment: @AGlearner: $w^4$ should be $w^2$.
Comment: Oops! Sorry for the typo.
Answer: There is no need to take analytic coordinates.
There is a general principle for blowing up the solution set of a hypersurface $f(x_1,\dots,x_n)=0$ at a point $x_1,....,x_n=0$.
Recall that blowing up involves introducing projective coordinates $(y_1: \dots :y_n)$ in addition to our original ones, satisfying the relations $x_i y_j = y_i x_j$, and taking the closure of our original variety, minus the origin.
This closure will satisfy the equation $f(x_1,\dots,x_n)=0$. However, this equation is not very useful, as it vanishes when the $x_i$ vanish. To imrprove this equation, we can multiply it by $\frac{y_1}{x_1}$, and then clear the denominator using $y_1 x_j = x_1 y_j$. In other words, we take each monomial in the $x_i$s and replace one of the $x$s by a $y$. This produces an honest polynomial as long as the constant term vanishes. In fact, we can repeat it $k$ times, replacing $k$ $x_i$s in each monomial with a $y_i$, as long as the monomials in $f$ have degree at least $k$.
When we do this, we obtain an equation satisfied by the blow-up. As soon as we do this the maximal number of times, we obtain an equation with an $n$-dimensional solution set with an $n-1$-dimensional space of solutions over $0$, hence one in which the nonzero solutions are dense, which therefore must be the blowup.
The exceptional divisor is then calculated by setting the $x_i$s to $0$. In other words, we take the lowest-degree terms in the $x_i$ and then swap the $x_i$s for $y_i$s.
So if the lowest degree terms form a nondegenerate quadratic form, the exceptional divisor is the solution set of a nondegenerate quadratic form - a smooth hypersurface.


Leaving work in time for Shabbat

Question: Candle-lighting time in my city starts 5 mins after I technically finish work, but it takes me about 15 minutes to drive home from work - sometimes longer if the traffic is bad. Is this a violation of Shabbat? How does one deal with such situations?
Comment: Sounds like you have a great commute! :)
Answer: The best thing to do, by far, is to work with your boss to rearrange your schedule so you're not cutting it anywhere near that tight.
But for theory's sake, if you somehow find yourself stuck: the most-common practice in North America is to publish candle-lighting times that are 18 minutes prior to sunset. (Among other things, this is to accommodate one minority medieval opinion that Shabbat starts then.) So you have a small window here: if the published candle-lighting time is 7pm, you could technically still drive home and light candles until 7:18pm.
(In some communities the standard published time can be as much as 40 minutes before sunset, by the way.)
Speak to a rabbi (in advance) about what to do if you're still in your car at sunset. (There are a lot of varying details here. For instance, you may be in a sketchy neighborhood where ditching your car and walking could mean risking your life -- or if a joyrider got your car with the keys inside, risking the lives of others.)
Someone angrily wrote to Rabbi Moshe Feinstein -- "Rabbi, I saw you riding in a car to synagogue Friday evening after Shabbat started!" Rabbi Feinstein explained that it was, in fact, during this 18-minute window. However, he wrote, as it seems to be bothering people, he'd rework his schedule and ask his driver to pick him up earlier, to arrive at synagogue at least 18 minutes before sunset. (Note: I think it was actually a yeshiva that had prayers, not a synagogue, but you get the point.)
Comment: @MahaliaSamuels I just want to point out that this answer might seem impractical (how do I convince my boss to reorganize my schedule?) but it's really not. I have never had any problem with my bosses organizing myself to work an hour later on Wednesday and Thursday and then leaving two hours early on Friday in the winter. Even in rather "unimportant" positions like internships, the boss has *always* been happy to accomodate me. Usually they are quite happy to be accomodating, but even if they don't want to, they usually will accomodate you anyway to avoid lawsuits.
Comment: Mahalia, unfortunately @Daniel's experience may not be universal. I had an unfortunate situation once upon a time in which an employer tried to use me and a fellow Orthodox employee against each other to see which of us would "crack" or "slip". It took several weeks (each year as the change in season approached) of negotiating and scheduling to reach the arrangement I describe in [my answer](http://judaism.stackexchange.com/a/29368/5). (cont)
Comment: (cont) Ultimately, we prevailed upon him the importance of our religious beliefs (and I am pretty certain that our respective managers prevailed upon him the importance of following the law and not being sued).
Answer: Strictly speaking, as Shalom wrote, you can probably* rely on the 18 minute "window".  Many people do.
I have, whenever necessary, arranged with my employers and/or clients to allow me to leave work at a time deemed (by me) adequate to allow me to commute home and prepare for Shabbath and (deemed by them) adequate to allow me to complete my work.  This has typically been 2 hours prior to candle-lighting, give or take a few minutes; to make it easy to keep track, I usually leave at a time ending in multiples of 5 (eg., 2:45pm when candle-lighting is at 4:43pm).
To make things even simpler, some people I know leave at a set time every Friday in the winter months, say 2:30pm, regardless of whether candle-lighting is at 4:30pm or 5:30pm.
Some people I know work a 10-hour schedule Monday through Thursday and take off on Friday.
Many countries have laws requiring employers give reasonable religious accommodation.  CYLA(ttorney).
*CYLOR

Leaving work in time for Shabbat


Quantum compilation algorithm with respect to other Shatten $p$-norm

Question: In standard quantum compilation algorithms (such as the Solovay-Kitaev theorem), one approximates an arbitrary unitary using words from some universal gate set. The "approximation" here is with respect to the operator norm, and it's neat that one only requires words of length $\text{polylog}(1/\epsilon)$ to approximate an arbitrary unitary to error $\epsilon$. But what if one wants to approximate an arbitrary unitary to error $\epsilon$ with respect to some other Shatten $p$-norm? I'm curious if a similar depth bound holds.
Answer: Yes, you get the same behavior. This is because all norms on finite dimensional spaces are equivalent. That means that for every $p$ there exist constants $c_p, d_p > 0$ such that
$$
d_p \|X\|_p  \leq   \|X\| \leq c_p \|X\|_p
$$
and these constants are "universal" in the sense that it holds for all $X$. Thus suppose we want to approximate in the $p$-norm to an accuracy $\epsilon$ then by equivalence of norms we have
$$
\|X\|\leq \frac{\epsilon}{d_p} \implies \|X\|_p \leq \epsilon
$$
Thus we can use the Solovay-Kitaev theorem to say that we need $\mathrm{polylog}(d_p/\epsilon)$ gates but notice $d_p$ is just some universal constant so this is still $\mathrm{polylog}(1/\epsilon)$.
Comment: As a brief followup to this question, is it generally known how $d_p$ and $c_p$ scale with the dimension of the vector space?


Greyish spots behind a peach's stone, what could they be?

Question: I'm sorry if it's a silly question, but what are those greyish spots behind the stone of this peach (or whatever this is)? What are they for? Are they safe to eat? The fruit is ok from the outside
Comment: it is some type of mold,you should probably not eat that one.
Comment: I concur, looks like it has a yeast or bacterial-infection - a very common thing in fruit.
Answer: Callus can develop inside peaches (https://www.tasteofhome.com/article/peach-callus-tissue/), between the mesocarp and the endocarp. Callus is edible and harmless. It's a tissue composed of unorganised parenchyma cells, which in turn are multi-purpose cells that can be found in a number of "soft" tissues with metabolic purposes including, but not limited to, the mesocarp and the endosperm. Callus' main purpose is to seal damaged tissues, see for instance:

this blogpost that explains the difference between mold and callus in a peach where there actually is a mold infection (which you should not eat)
its counterpart where there is no mold, but a considerable amount of callus (way more than you have there) was produced because the stone had split open; this one would be safe to eat, once you've ascertained that there is no mold, although callus may contain pieces of hard tissue from the stone.

Small quantities of callus can appear as leftovers form older and smaller lesions.
Comment: Which begs the question, how could that peach get "wounds" from inside?
Comment: A peach is not waterproof you know ;)


Did Dumbledore believe that Sirius Black betrayed Harry's parents?

Question: I think Dumbledore did believe at the time of Harry's parents' deaths that Black was guilty. So he didn't stand up for Black. But during the course of events in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, could Dumbledore have independently figured out that Black was innocent and this was merely confirmed by Harry. This would make sense Dumbledore, being a very intelligent man, wouldn't normally believe something without strong proof. Is there any evidence in the books for the same?
Comment: Just before that he speaks with Harry; **"*But you believe us*"
*"Yes, I do," said Dumbledore quietly.*.** That appears to be the point at which he realised that Sirius was innocent.
Comment: Leaving aside the fact that he trusts Harry and Hermione implicitly, I think it was more a case of everything suddenly falling into place, a "lightbulb moment" my granny used to call them.
Comment: What I mean is, in PoA Dumbledore visits the Hospital wing and says something like "innocent lives can be spared". This made me suspect that the wise headmaster already figured out Black's innocence.
Comment: But shouldn't Dumbledore have had some reason other than the word of the children alone to believe it?Especially since Severus Snape gave evidence against Black?
Comment: This is not a duplicate of the linked question. That question, and its answers, deal with Sirius's original conviction; this question is about whether Dumbledore could have changed his view during the events of *Prisoner of Azkaban*.
Answer: At first, yes!
Dumbledore actually testified that Sirius Black was their Secret-Keeper (via the Fidelius Charm). Therefore, he must have initially believed in Sirius's guilt.

I myself gave evidence to the Ministry that Sirius had been the Potters' Secret-Keeper.

Eventually, though, he comes around:

"But you believe us."
"Yes, I do," said Dumbledore quietly. "But I have no power to make other men see the truth, or to overrule the Minister of Magic..."


SPFx package doesn't show up in Apps

Question: I created an SPFx package to deploy on SharePoint on prem 2019. I add the package to App Catalog it deployed Successfully, but then it doesn't show up in Apps on my site. Has anybody had the same problems?
Answer: Same thing happend to me multiple times, Now i need you to check in the App Catalog that the following field is presented there or not :

Language Resources

You can refer to William's blog
Please notice in his blog he was talking about installing Feature Pack 2 for SP2016, you need to fetch the same Pack with the required features for SP2019.
Answer: Some time this issue may arise due to feature is not deployed or installed properly.
Please follow the below steps to resolve this issue.

UnInstall the app and Remove it from the site.

Remove the app from app package from app catalog.

Increment the version of SPFx package.

Redeploy the package and install it.

Please mark as answer if it resolve the issue.
Thanks

SPFx package doesn't show up in Apps


Can You Down The Ball During an Extra Point?

Question: Let's say hypothetically, a team scored a touchdown but putting them ahead only 1 point late in the 4th quarter and kicking an extra point would only add an additional point. To take time away from the opposing team, can the holder just spike the ball to run the clock further down or is that a live ball? I know a 2 point conversion would tie the game, but also during this scenario, let's pretend this type of conversion doesn't exist.
Answer: Spiking the ball stops the game clock from running in general. Perhaps you're thinking of taking a knee as it's done at the end of games to kill the clock.
However, the clock doesn't run during the extra point attempts (both for kicks and for 2 point conversions). So teams scoring a point cannot kill more time.
You can see references to game clock not running here:

... the clock does not run during or after a conversion attempt in the NFL or NCAA college football.

and here

In American football, the game clock does not run during an extra-point attempt
Answer: Yes they can down it or even spike it and as mentioned in the other answer the clock does not run on extra points.
However a note and this has already happened multiple times in NFL games after 2 point conversion was added - in the situation you outlined a coach would be foolish to do anything but have their QB take a knee.
A two point conversion might help them extend to 3 points but is risky... but a kick is just plain dumb.   Kicking for 1 point to give yourself a 2 point lead with just a little time left on the clock is useless.   If you would get the kick blocked and returned that is 2 points going the other way and you lose.


Why are triangles drawn like so when working with gravity on an inclined plane?

Question: This is my first year as a physics student, and I've never learned about vectors past a basic level, so this is confusing me. When we have gravity on an inclined plane, we separate it into two components, which I understand.
However, consider the image below, and there's a box at point A. When separating the gravity components, you draw a triangle AGC (sorry, the G and D are on top of each other and difficult to distinguish). AG becomes the force of gravity in the y-direction, and GC becomes the force of gravity in the x-direction. Then you do the trig functions from there. However, when I tried this myself, I drew triangle ADF instead and tried the trig functions from there. It didn't work. I'm having trouble understanding why you can't compute the trig functions from AGF. The only partial solution I came up with was that force of gravity in the y-direction can't be the hypotenuse, as the force of gravity in the y-direction is always less than the force of gravity. But I think I'm missing something more.
Answer: You can decompose the forces along AD and DF rather than AG and GC, but they won't be the relevant forces you're looking for. What makes this confusing is we often work entirely in magnitudes, whereas fundamentally we are manipulating vectors, and we only get away with this with good choices of decompositions.
Suppose the downward force of gravity is $\vec{f}$ with magnitude $f$ and direction along AC. The "right" method will say there is a normal force $\vec{f}_{\!\perp}$ in the direction of AG and a parallel force $\vec{f}_{\!\Vert}$ in the direction of GC, with $\vec{f} = \vec{f}_{\!\perp} + \vec{f}_{\!\Vert}$. The formulas for the magnitudes are
$$ f_{\!\perp} = f \cos\beta, \qquad f_{\!\Vert} = f \sin\beta. $$
Moreover, because AG and GC are orthogonal, we know $\vec{f}_{\!\Vert}$ cannot have any effect on pushing into the inclined plane; all such effects are captured by $\vec{f}_{\!\perp}$.
Now consider the "wrong" decomposition of $\vec{f} = \vec{f}_1 + \vec{f}_2$, with $\vec{f}_1$ along AD and $\vec{f}_2$ along DF. We can get these magnitudes too:
$$ f_1 = f \sec\beta, \qquad f_2 = f \tan\beta. $$
The problem is, $\vec{f}_1$ doesn't fully capture the normal force, because $\vec{f}_2$ contributes to this as well.
For an extreme example, imagine a mass sitting on horizontal ground with weight $\vec{f}$ directed downward. We could write $\vec{f} = \vec{f}_1 + \vec{f}_2$ with both $\vec{f}_1$ and $\vec{f}_2$ also pointing downward. We cannot just look at $\vec{f}_1$ and neglect $\vec{f}_2$ when considering the weight of the mass on the ground.
Another way of looking at things is that we are silently taking dot products. The real, unambiguous definition of the normal force of the mass on the block is the dot product of its weight vector with the unit normal vector to the surface, $\vec{f}_{\!\perp} = (\vec{f} \cdot \hat{n}) \hat{n}$ (give or take a sign). When computing dot products, you can only ignore components of $\vec{f}$ that are orthogonal to $\hat{n}$; if you do a decomposition where neither component is orthogonal, you have to include both terms. In equations, this is the difference between
$$ \vec{f} \cdot \hat{n} = \vec{f}_{\!\perp} \cdot \hat{n} + \vec{f}_{\!\Vert} \cdot \hat{n} = (f_{\!\perp}) (1) \cos0^\circ + (f_{\!\Vert}) (1) \cos90^\circ = f_{\!\perp}. $$
and
$$ \vec{f} \cdot \hat{n} = \vec{f}_1 \cdot \hat{n} + \vec{f}_2 \cdot \hat{n} = (f_1) (1) \cos0^\circ + (f_2) (1) \cos69.91^\circ. $$
Comment: Yes, and in fact since the amount $\vec{f}_2$ contributes to $\vec{f}_1$ is $f_1 f_2 \cos69.91^\circ$, you would find after doing that subtraction that you were left with $f_{\!\perp}$.
Comment: Wow, this is a great answer! So to my understanding now if you were to draw DF rather than DC (my original question), because DF is not parallel to DC, f2 in the wrong approach is pointing in the true horizontal direction (opposed to parallel to the incline), and thus contributes to a decrease in the normal force because f2 has a height (sine) above the inclined plane. If you were to subtract the amount f2 contributes to f1, would f1 then be correct?
Comment: That's really cool! So I was trying it out with this (http://imgur.com/0sEAHYE) diagram and I couldn't seem to get the right answer through subtraction. It's just out of pure curiosity, I wanted to see how the calculation works. Would you mind showing how you would get F(perpendicular)?
Comment: Actually I think this one is better (http://imgur.com/XOIRBw1) if you could do this one instead.
Answer: Keep your goal in mind: to set up balances of forces in the $x$ and $y$ direction, which will normally be used later in the treatment of the problem to determine equations of motion. You haven't defined these axis yet.
You can choose them (your frame of reference) as you like, as long as they're perpendicular to each other. In this case the easiest choice is to choose AB as the $x$ axis, pointing in the B direction. Choose AG (which is perpendicular to AB) as the $y$ axis, pointing in the A direction. The origin of your $x,y$ coordinate system is A.
Call the angle at B, $\beta$. In this particular problem $\beta$ is the only angle you will need.
Assuming FB is the true horizontal, then the weight $mg$ of the box acts downwards along AC, perpendicular to FB.
The projection of $mg$ on AG is the $y$-component of $mg$ and is given by $-mg\cos\beta$ (minus sign in accordance with the sense of the $y$ axis).
The projection of $mg$ on AB is the $x$-component of $mg$ and is given by $mg\sin\beta$ (plus sign in accordance with the sense of the $x$ axis).
Comment: Thank you! The projection of mg on AG is the y-component, not AC, right?
Comment: @rb612: yes, on AG, not AC.
Answer: The problem can be worked in a x-horizontal y-vertical coordinate system but it is rather harder that way. The fundamental problem is the nature of the normal force: it is expressed as a constraint rather than some consistent rule like "$mg$ downward" for weight.
What the normal force does is resist attempts to push things into the same volume of space, so its direction is outward perpendicular to the surface and its magnitude is equal to whatever forces are trying to push the object together.
So you need to find "whatever forces are trying to push the objects together" to figure out what the normal force acts to cancel. In this case that means a portion of weight and nothing else, so you want to decompose the weight into the part trying to push the block into the ramp and whatever is left over (which is the "along the ramp" part).


What is the unit of accelerometer module output

Question: I am on a project to track the human body motion in to a 3d design and animation software. I found that acccelerometers are used for these purposes. According to my project what I will need is the path coordinates on which the human hand or other part moves. This can be done if I get the speed and integrate them i will find the path. But accelerometers by name seems that they gives the acceleration of the object they are attached, that is an object at rest will output zero and at shake time output some value and at motion time then output zero. So my question is this that does accelerometers outputs the accceleration of object or the force applied on them at a direction? If it is the force applied on a direction then it can work for me.
Comment: when moving along x axis at speed A, the x-accel will read 0. when moving at speed B, the x-accel will read 0. during the transition from speed A to speed B it will register a low number if the transition is gradual or it will register a high number if the transition is sudden. it sounds like you don't have a clear grasp on what acceleration is.
Comment: Yes, its almost the force, but its independant of mass, since `a=f/m`. At rest it doesn't register zero, rather it registers 1G of accel, assuming it measures on all three axes.
Comment: does it mean that if the accelerometer is moving in x axis at a speed(say force) F then it will output a value that is dependent on or proportional to F?
Comment: speed is not analagous to force, but change in speed (aka acceleration) is.
Comment: ok, i dont understand what you are saying, but if accelerometer is moving in x axis at speed 'A' then its output is 'x1' now if speed is increased to 'B' then its output('x2') will increase or not? i.e i mean will x2 be greater than x1 that time?
Answer: Accelerometers measure acceleration. Integrate twice for position with respect to time. Doing that for each axis provides a 3D position.
In theory. For the real world it's not even close to that simple. Doing a simple double integration will be reliable for less than a few seconds. If you want to find out a better way, then you'll need to ask a different question. Though you'll likely find it answered on this site already.
Typically accelerometers are not used for this because it's so unreliable. What people usually use are cameras and motion capture.
Comment: I dont think it could give me the position, because lets suppose if a body is changing position lets say x at zero acceleration, so in this case acccelerometer output will be zero cause object is at zero acceleration. Now integrate it a thousand times ou will not get position, while position is changing constantly..
Comment: @SulaimanAyub *Clearly*, if you *start* measuring while at a constant velocity, but assume you have zero velocity in your starting conditions the answer will be wrong. This is not always a problem, for instance, you are currently at a constant velocity just by being on the surface of the orbiting and spinning Earth, that's usually not a velocity you want to include in your measurements.
Comment: yes i get that.... just confused a little bit
Comment: @SulaimanAyub Look at it this way. Acceleration is to speed and speed is to distance travelled. A positive acceleration will add to the current speed just as a positive speed adds to the current distance travelled. Zeroing acceleration doesn't *remove* speed any more than zeroing speed removes distance. Zeroing acceleration stops *adding* to speed the same way zeroing speed stops *adding* to distance. To remove speed you have to have negative acceleration, just like to remove distance you need to have a negative speed (speed in the opposite direction).
Answer: I am currently working with ADXL335 accelerometer. Basically, it is an electronic accelerometer working on x,y,z axes. It's output is a voltage signal. On it's datasheet, it is written that this ADXL335 accelerometer has a constant voltage of approx. 1.5 Volts, while it is stationary. So, this model can give you signal value even though it is not in motion. And this claim is tested and proved by me, I get a constant voltage value of 1.5 volts while it is stationary. While it is accelerated (I measured the vibration of a synchronous motor), it changes it's output voltage signal value by approximately 350 millivolts, so you can sense the acceleration. Maybe you can work with this, or a similar type of accelerometer.
Answer: First let me explain how an accelerometer measures what it does, as it seems that it is maybe not quite clear.
An accelerometer measures acceleration, hence the name. Most accelerometers have three sensors in total aligned to each of the axes x, y and z.
The actual data that comes from the sensor could be an analog voltage signal. The voltage will correspond to a normalized output and will depend on the hardware you use. It might for example output 1.5v when subjected to an acceleration of 10m/s² (~1G). Or it might include A2D output so that you basically get a digital number (say 1024) for that 1.5V signal. You would have to consult the docs for your particular hardware to see how the data scales to actual units, but there should be a nice linear relationship.
You can alternatively think of an accelerometer as a G force sensor.
If you leave the accelerometer undisturbed on a level table, you should get a normal reading on the z-axis only. Lets say that a normal reading is 1.5V or 1024 on a digital accelerometer. When you shove it in another direction, it will momentarily register that acceleration on the axis (or axes) that you shoved it in. It will only register zero on all axes when it is in free fall.
As an example, if you have an android phone download the "Accelerometer Monitor" application, there is likely a similar app for apple devices. It will show a graph of the sensor in each axis (x,y,z) as well a a total acceleration (|V|). Each axis will be a negative or positive number because the acceleration could be to the right or to the left (for the x axis), or forwards or backwards (for the y axis). The z axis will read a value at rest because of gravity which is producing a constant downward accelerating force. The |V| value is simply the square root of the squares of the x,y,z axes and |V| is the total G-force. It is always positive and represents the total acceleration of the sensor. The actual direction can be determined by analyzing the axes individually.
<code>|V| = √(x²+y²+z²)
</code>
If you hold the sensor at an angle you will get a different reading on each of the three axes but |V| will still be the normal value (1.5v or 1024) if it is held steadily. Any motion of the accelerometer will lead to instantaneous readings on each axis that are proportional to the amount of extra force applied. Remember that once a body is in motion it will continue moving without a force due to inertia. So the accelerometer could be in your car going 100km/h and still only read 1G downwards.
Because it is only good for instantaneous readings, it is difficult to get accurate data that can be integrated over time, because its difficult to know what accelerations it was subject to between readings. You can guess and interpolate but the accumulation of error can compound quite quickly, which is why Samuel is suggesting that results can be unreliable.
To answer the question then, "what is the unit of measure?"
It will be some arbitrary unit depending on the sensor, but it can be scaled in a simple linear manner to either m/s² or to Gs (or to any other distance-unit per time-unit squared). 1G on Earth, at sea-level at the equator on a 20°C day, will be 9.80665 m/s².


"On that note" in Japanese?

Question: I was wondering if anyone knew what the equivalent of "on that note" in Japanese would be.
Comment: Hi! I'm actually quite curious to hear some natives speakers answer this question, but our rules here at the Japanese Language Stack Exchange say that a question must include at least some evidence of prior research effort. Could you describe some phrases you think might correspond, or talk about places you have looked for an equivalent phrase?
Answer: I am not a native speaker, but I think I have a word that will work in this case.
In English, "on that note" essentially means "let's end there," or even "well then."  It is a phrase that you use to essentially close a topic of conversation, table it for later, or to create an opening to physically leave if needed.
In my Japanese experience, a lot of people will accomplish what I listed with the simple phrase それでは, which is often shortened to では in informal circumstances.  The translation listed on jisho.org is well; then; well then; in that case and I feel that those are good translations.  But it doesn't really capture the context in which it is used.  Simply, it provides a final thought for the conversation (one that you are just confirming got finished), allowing you to potentially table that topic of conversation for later.  It also provides an opportunity to end the conversation and physically leave if necessary.
So while not a perfect fit, I would say that それでは, or it's shortened form では provide a reasonable fit for what you are trying to accomplish with 'on that note.'
  Here's two more sources on the meaning of では and それでは.

"On that note" in Japanese?


vector division?

Question: I have a question. Given a vector equation such as F = ma, how can we obtain a general expression for m, the mass? If the equation was scalar, this could easily be done by dividing F by a; however, we are dealing with vectors, and, to my knowledge, a vector divided by another vector is not defined in vector algebra. Therefore, how can we obtain a general expression for m?
Answer: If the vector $\vec F$ is parallel to the vector $\vec a$ then $m$ is simply the ratio between their norms:
$$m=\frac{|\vec F|}{|\vec a|}$$
If they are not parallel, then no scalar $m$ can satisfy this equation.
You can better understand this by thinking of the equation $\vec F=m\vec a$ as a system of 3 equations (if we're talking about 3 dimensional space), i.e.
$$\begin{pmatrix}F_x\\F_y\\F_z\end{pmatrix}=
m\begin{pmatrix}a_x\\a_y\\a_z\end{pmatrix}$$
as a system of equations that you want to solve of the variable $m$. Since there are 3 equations and only 1 unknown, a solution is not guaranteed to exist.
Comment: When are force and accn. Not in same direction?
Comment: If they are then i think mass varies
Comment: force and acceleration is always parallel. If there is an acceleration in some direction, then there exist a force in that direction. Solution always exist. If you can't find solution to that system, then your dealing with wrong force vector.
Comment: @Salihcyilmaz True. I was answering the general question about vectors.
Answer: First, as you and others stated, there is no vector division. The first thing you need to see is that:
If there exist an acceleration in some direction, then there exist a force in same direction. This is one of newtons laws.
If force and acceleration were not in same direction, then we can't find m such that satisfies the equation as yohBS stated.
If you have two vectors, then their magnitude should be equal right?
Let $ma = F_1 $, then we have
$F = F_1 $ which implies $|F| = |F_1|$
Then
$$|F| = |ma| = m|a|$$
where you simply divide norm of $F$ to norm of $a$.
I think what you missing is that. Think about a box has mass M. This box sits on ground. Then you apply some force F. This force is not parallel to ground. Refer to figure below:

Here, you can't divide |F| to |a|. This is because acceleration is caused by net force acting on the body. Net force is tangential component of $F$ since other component is balanced by normal force from ground. Then you need to find tangential component in the direction of acceleration. Where you find m by
$$|F_t| = |ma| = m|a|$$
Answer: You could take vector norms:
$$m=\frac{|F|}{|a|}$$

vector division?


Songs of India plant dying

Question:
My songs of India plant was brought from nursery around d two months ago. In past 3-4 days it has suddenly lost all its leaves and stem is also turning black. What do I do ?
Answer: This is a sign of root rot caused by root diseases. Dracaena should be planted in well-drained soil to prevent soil fungus overgrow and attack the root system.
Dracaena is not afraid of clean water, it can be propagated by cutting the healthy stem and put it into a bottle of clean water.
It is worth a try to save the plant. This can be done by cutting off the stem and inspect whether the inner stem is healthy and not showing any sign of rotting. Then put the stem into a container with clean tap water and wait for a few days.
Nevertheless, the soil of the Dracaena should either be discarded or put into compost to treat it.
Answer: Did you check: roots,watering,light insects. If the plant is a loss, you can start a new one. It's a cane plant so you can cut it and stick it in a rooting medium then dirt or, just put it in water. I have a Corn plant same thing. It's caney so I cut it and rooted it in water, now all I have to do is plant it.Check everything Pooja, good luck.!
Answer: This Dracaena reflexa has root rot due to overwatering and low light.  It's easy to do with these plants but by the time you see the leaves dropping off the root system is done.
Try taking some cuttings as has been suggested.  See here for more details where it is suggested that overwatering is very common.

Songs of India plant dying


What is the best Linux edition for web server?

Question: I am building a web server, so I want to know what is the best edition of linux for that purpose.
Answer: There is no "best". Debian is one of the most popular, however.
Comment: Ubuntu is a variant of Debian that is also very popular.
Answer: I'm guessing you're a beginner.  I would say ubuntu server is the easiest to set up, and is based on debian.
Comment: Many tutorials online. Good way to start learning server administration.
Answer: By edition, I assume you mean distribution. I'd suggest debian for any server, not just a web server. Use lighttpd as you web server.
Answer: I'm fond of ubuntu server edition.  Its based on debian, so many of the tuts etc are compatible.
It automates setting up apache and samba.
I've had good luck with ligHTTPD on my eeepc.
But then again, this is a local webserver and not intended to be used live on the web.
Answer: are you fishing for trolls? ;) In my opinion I found that useing an "enterprise" linux pays of. for me that is debian and if i need to run some redhat compatible software i choose centos. but i am sure there are other opinions out there.
Answer: In my humble opinion the "best" is whatever you are familiar with. In reality there isn't tremendous differences, between distros, in the applications you are going to be running on the OS (Apache, LigHTTPD, MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.). There are a few exceptions of course, Lindows comes to mind (is it even around any more?).
Answer: Debian stable is great for a hosting on a VPS because it makes it easy to set up a bare bones installation and then add what packages you need as you need them.  Many other distributions tend to install all the graphic kitchen sink that you don't need or want on a server, especially one as resource constrained as a VPS.  I like the newer package manager gui "aptitude", which does a really good job of finding all the dependencies so you can just install what you want and it will find the things that need to be installed first.
I suggest stable for a server, unless you need real bleeding edge stuff - for instance, "stable" stayed on PHP4 long after "unstable" and "testing" were already using PHP5, but none of my sites needed PHP5 so that was fine.
Answer: Ubuntu Server.
Although, if you want to really get into the nitty gritty aspects of linux, I'd take a look at Slackware" it's at least traditionally known as one of the least user-friendly flavours. I've found this helpful in some cases, as it can foster a steep learning curve.
Answer: I assume you have Linux experience if you are putting together a web server.  If you feel you are "up to the task" of hosting and managing a web server, you should have already acquired the know how to pick a proper Linux distribution.  That sounded a bit harsh, but try taking your own temperature on the subject.
If this is a mission-critical system, you  may consider a pay-for Linux host for a while until you are very comfortable with configuring, controlling, and updating a Linux console.  If this is more of a self learning situation, any of the larger systems (Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, Slackware) would be fine.  Anything with great online  documentation will pull you through.  I initially made the wrong decision with getting a "how to " book on Linux. If you need a book, get a "how to administrate on Linux".   I have always learned more from on-line documentation, since there's always someone to help you understand the material, and you can bookmark that information for later.
As far as security goes, you will always be safer on a Linux system with minimal, well patched services.  Obviously only run what services you need, but a proper firewall will keep out the trash.  Professionals will always have a way into your system, but that shouldn't stop you from being alert, and vigilant with log checks.
Good luck to you, I hope you do well.
Answer: Not Linux but FreeBSD is pretty good.
Answer: In my opinion, on a scale from good to best is: Debian, Gentoo and FreeBSD big words


Why is this chicken getting sores on here face?

Question: We noticed that one of our chickens is getting pretty nasty looking sores on her face (photos below). Does anyone have any idea what could be causing them? For background: we live in the high desert, where it's been cool lately. So not a lot of insect population.  We also have three other female chickens, but they are much smaller, two polish and one silky.  I think they are too small to do this to a larger chicken.  Also, they've all lived together for a year and we've never observed this issue. I'm not sure if there's any further relevant information that could help to understand what could be causing the sores. We will take her to the vet once we can get an appointment, but in the mean time, it would be great if someone had some useful information.  Thanks
Answer: Your other chickens has done this,injuries around the head/neck and tail are almost always caused by other chckens.
injuries at the belly or chest can be caused by rats,chickens(and may other birds are unable to see in the dark)this makes them an easy target for other animals.
I have seen this types of injuries on our own chickens many times,we had 50 chickens at a time for close to 30 years.
Your only option might be to separate the chicken from the rest of them.
Comment: In a group of same-sized chickens I would have expected bald spots at the neck and back where the other ones pecked her, but since she only lives with smaller hens, they probably target the face because they cannot reach the back as easily.


Separation of ASpx pages on one m/c and application logic on another m/c

Question: We are using VB.NET and ASPx for our project. we would like to separate the aspx pages and put them on the IIS server (web server) on one m/c and the business logic and DAL layer on another IIS server (application server) on a different m/c .The database is on another m/c. Is such a configuration possible ? If so how can it be implemented?
Comment: Suggest you write "m/c" in full as "machine" if that's what you mean for better clarity.
Answer: It can, but you will need to introduce some device to allow these two applications to share [some] state somehow.  ASP's default state repositories (the Session object in particular) will be different on the separate machines.
The DAL may require very little context (that's one of the purposes of layered architecture, to limit interdependence), so you may be able to simply pass all that DAL needs to to its job as explicit arguments.  Rather than being a real web application, the DAL could be accessed as a webservices.
Answer: You could put the business logic/DAL behind a web service on that machine. The business logic then calls directly across to the database server (if your physical configuration allows it) and your UI/ASPX pages call the web services.
That's the simplified version.
If I'm not mistaken the Microsoft .NET StockTrader Sample Application (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/netframework/bb499684.aspx) is a good one to look at for this type of tiered architecture.


Export BER from LDPC Simulink model to BER Tool

Question: I would like to export BER data from a simple system using LDPC encoder and decoder into the Communication Toolbox's BER Tool and plot a BER curve.
I have modified the example system using LDPC, commdvbs2.mdl, which is available in the Help menu at Demos > Simulink Demos > Application-Specific Examples > DVB-S.2 Link, Including LDPC Coding.
To simplify it, I removed the General Block Interleaver and General Block Deinterleaver. I also removed the BCH Encoder and BCH Decoder. To compensate for the lack of the BCH Encoder, I changed the Zero Pad within the BBFRAME buffering block to have a column size of dvb.BCHCodewordLength instead of dvb.BCHMessageLength.
I changed the AWGN block to have the following parameters:
Mode: Signal to noise ratio (Eb/No)
Eb/No (db): dvb.EsNodB / log2(dvb.BitsPerSymbol)
Number of bits per symbol: dvb.BitsPerSymbol
Symbol period (s): dvb.BitPeriod * dvb.BitsPerSymbol
So far, this all works. If I change the model parameters to have an Es/No of 1 dB, I still get a 0 BER and 0 PER.
But now I'm having a problem getting the BER out of the model and plotted in the BER Tool.I added a "To Workspace" block and connected the output of the BER Error Rate calculator to that. I named the variable ber_out and set the limit data point to last 1.
Then I change the Eb/No of the AWGN block to be: EbNo, which is the vector that the BER Tool steps through to plot BER. (Saved these changes to the model under a new name.)
In the BER Tool, I go to the Monte Carlo tab. I set the Eb/No range to be: 0:0.2:2. Set BER variable name to be: ber_out.
After I run the simulation, I get a plot of nothing. The Diagnostics Tool pops up with these two messages:

Source: commdvbs2_noBCH_noInterleave_EbNo_BERTool. Error evaluating
  'StopFcn' callback of block_diagram
  'commdvbs2_noBCH_noInterleave_EbNo_BERTool'. Source: unknown. Vectors
  must be the same lengths.

What am I doing wrong?
(MATLAB version is 2012a.)
Comment: Please verify that the **BER variable name** "ber_out" is the same both in Bertool and simulation model.
Answer: Double click on the sink 'To workspace', there change save format to Array.


How do I turn on my Raspberry Pi after shutdown?

Question: My Raspberry Pi runs OpenELEC. The XBMC has a Power-button in the left-bottom corner where I can shutdown the Raspberry Pi. That works fine, but I can't figure out how to turn it on again after the shutdown. The only way I can make it start again is by pulling out the power plug and plug it in again, but that cannot be the only way to do it.
Do I need to create my own hardware-power button for this or can I turn it on in any other way? I'd love to have some kind of remote to turn it on.
Comment: WoL is available in the LAN controller - but it is not hooked up to anything. So it does nothing :( The fundraisers said that WoL will be considered in newer version. As of revision c we still cannot use it. Only thing I can think of is an external mcu like aTiny triggered somehow to cut the power and supply it again. It quite a big oversight that one cannot remotely turn on the Pi  :(
Comment: Wake on lan is the only thing I can think of
Answer: Revision 2 of the Raspberry Pi board has holes on the board for connecting a reset switch. You can solder two jumper pins there, then connect a push button. This should reboot the Raspberry Pi.
When you shut down the Raspberry Pi, the board and USB ports will still be powered, even if the CPU is not running. If this matters to you, there is this Kickstarter project, constructing a true power switch, with which the Pi can switch itself off from software.
The source for these links.
Comment: On RPI 2, the holes are marked RUN: http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/29339/what-are-the-run-pin-holes-on-raspberry-pi-2
Answer: You can boot an idle Raspberry Pi via the GPIO pins. All you have to do is connecting pin 5 to ground. Either by a switch or a jumper.

In addition to that, you can also use the same pin/switch as a shut down switch. You just need a simple circuit, a resistor and a Python script for that to work. See the following example (source in German); I am using that for my Raspberry Pi, and it works fine. I just left out the LED as I did not need it.
Source: Hoch- und runterfahren mittels Taster (incl. Status-LED)
Comment: No. The python script is just for shutting down. As that was not the question I didn't go into detail or translated it. This example I referenced does two things. On the one hand use the default behavior of RPI that a connection between pin 5 and ground (for example pin 6) does a power up. And while being powered up it starts a python script listening for high on pin 5 to initiate the shutdown. I use the power up using a power button that I had left from an old PC enclosure. But any piece of wire connecting pin 5&6 does the same trick. Yet that requires a free gpio.
Comment: you need a running python script for this to work, and when RPi is shut down, there are likely no python script running, rendering your advice useless.
Answer: Simply connect the Raspberry Pi to the USB of your TV! (if your TV has one). I did it, and it works flawlessly. :)
Comment: @RPiAwesomeness - that is not at all what I read from the question - rather the ts did not want to do it manually. This way, the Pi will turn on again when the tv starts, presumably by remote control, and that is exactly what the ts wanted.
Comment: Welcome to Raspberry Pi Stack Exchange! This really doesn't answer the question, as plugging the Pi into the USB port on a TV is just another form of what the OP **doesn't** want to do (plug/unplug to power-cycle.)
Comment: The problem is, that this turns the Raspi always on, if the TV is on. And the TV is also on, if you are playing games with a Playstation or watching TV with a set-top box. And if you switch out the TV after gaming, the OpenElec gets crashed, because no clean shutdown is initiated by the TV.
Comment: I can see where you're coming from, and from that POV, this answer makes sense. I think if you edited your answer to include that statement, it would be much improved. As the answer stands it appears as I mentioned it, just another form of plug/unplug.
Comment: Yes, this is a several-year-old answer and I'm not sure if it answers the OP's question, but I'm upvoting anyway because it's a brilliantly simple solution that worked beautifully for my use case and saved me the hassle of soldering a switch to my RPi Zero.
Answer: If you want to use a remote controller to turn on the RPi, I suggest the following setup:
Buy an IR photo-diode, or even better, an IR photo-transistor, and connect it to Pin 5 and GND. It acts like a push-button. When it receives IR beams from remote controller, it shorts, and hence connects Pin 5 to GND, hence the RPi turns on.
Fortunately, shorting the pin 5 to GND does not have any effect during the normal operation of RPi; however, when the RPi is shut down, you can use an IR remote controller to turn the RPi on.
This is the setup that I'm currently using on our companies devices ;)
Answer: The Raspberry Pi cannot be booted remotely over LAN, nor by timer.
Maybe you can use a remote controlled power switch to power your Raspberry Pi? I have never used them, but they are for sale.
Comment: Either that or you create your own power/switch button like you suggested. Specifically, you'd use a button/switch that closes the electrical circuit when it's not pressed and opens it when pressed. Then you'd simply have to hit the button, but you'd have to get up for that
Comment: This is no longer correct (_was_ correct 6 years ago when it was posted): now that there is POE support for the PI, if it's plugged into a POE switch, by disabling and re-enabling the port the Pi is connected to on the POE switch, you can cold-boot a Pi even if it was shutdown with `sudo systemctl poweroff`as detailed in my answer below this one.
Answer: I solved it with a simple remote-controlled power outlet. Just turn off the Raspberry Pi and turn it on like you turn on your light switch.
Do no soldering or difficult matters. :-).
Comment: Care to provide a link or picture? Without more information this answer isn't much of use
Comment: NB: do not turn off the Pi by accident without shutting it down first as this might cause corruption of the SD card.
Answer: Connect your Pi's to a PoE switch and simply disable and then re-enable the port of the Pi you want to bring back up.  I just VPN into my network and access the PoE switch on it's local IP and start up a pi from a shutdown-state.
(2) Methods for PoE-enabling a Pi:
PoE Hat: Just whack this on top of your Pi and light it up with an Ethernet cable connected to a PoE switch.  PoE Hats are £20 from all Pi Resellers.
PoE Splitter: This doesn't require modifying the Pi.  Plug this dongle on the end of the Ethernet cable connected to the PoE switch and the Ethernet cable from the dongle into the Pi's Ethernet Port and the MicroUSB cable from the dongle into the Pi's standard power MicroUSB port.  Works with any Pi model and leaves it free to use a different hat (than the PoE hat).  £9.90 from Amazon at the time of this writing.
ZyXEL GS1900-8HP-GB0102F PoE Switch:  The one I use and recommend to re-animate shutdown Pi's is the ZyXEL GS1900-8HP-GB0102F.  Great PoE switch with lots of bells and whistles and supports PoE (802.3af) and PoE+ (802.3at). £97 inc VAT

PoE Splitter being used to power both a Pi 3B+ AND a 7" Touchscreen Display
Answer: If you've already halted the system using the button in XBMC, pulling the power cable out and re-inserting is still the easiest way to power on the Pi. It's not great, but it is quick.
Comment: It is different from a power button, USB ports have a lifetime rated on a certain number of inserts. A switch is faster and more durable.
Comment: You're right - sorry, I was tired when I read the question :) I'll remove my comment so I don't mislead anyone
Comment: Lifehack --- you can unplug the side of the powercable that is not in the Raspberry Pi. Sounds trivial, but for many people it is more intuitive to unplug the microusb side that goes into PI, rather than more convenient power socket/standard usb.
Comment: This does not answer the question.
Answer: As the other posters already said the Raspberry Pi hardware does not have a power controller built in, so you would need to rely on hardware add-ons.
One solution would be the RemotePi Board which piggy backs on the Raspberry Pi and enables you to switch OpenElec (or other XBMC distributions) on and off using any infrared remote that you already own (for example your TV's or DVD's remote), by 'learning' the button you choose. It shuts down the OS as well before powering down to avoid SD card corruption. In addition you can use the remote remote to control your mediacenter.
Comment: I've been using the RemotePi board now for a few weeks and love it.
Answer: There really is little to no point to shutting down the media centre. It only costs a couple of pennies a day.

However, after shutting down, remove the power. Then when you would like to boot it up again, just put the lead into the power socket :).

Most TVs allow you to switch between HDMI and other inputs, so there shouldn't be an issue leaving it running anyway.
Comment: This does not answer the question.
Answer: Shutting down the Pi will not power off the Pi. But it will tell the Linux to flush the cache and unmount the local storage, also disconnecting any network shares. So it is mainly used for a clean shutdown for unplugging the Pi from power. It is almost the same like you shutdown you computer instead of unplug the power while running Linux, Windows or any other OS.
So the best way might be a remote controlled power. And then first shutdown OpenELEC / Kodi and then switch off the power.
Answer: I came across this https://howchoo.com/g/mwnlytk3zmm/how-to-add-a-power-button-to-your-raspberry-pi  on the internet.
It implements a physical button to turn the Pi on and off. All it needs is tweaking some config files and a bit of Python script.
Answer: I had the same problem, so I used a real USB cable (not the power supply to USB) and plugged it in my TV, so if I turn my TV on, the USB got power and so my Raspberry Pi starts...
Comment: doing that will cause power off in hot, while the raspi can be writing in the SD. This will eventually lead to a corrupted card.


Schengen Visa question

Question: I have a schengen visa issued by The Netherlands. I will be landing there first but wish to travel to a few other countries. Can I enter these countries by plane if my visa was not issued from there or just by train?
Comment: There is no legal difference between going by train or going by plane - either both is allowed, or neither. (The only difference is how likely it is that you will be checked.) But a Schengen Visa allows you into all Schengen countries.
Answer: The Schengen visa is valid for the entire Schengen Area, that is indeed the purpose of the visa. There are no internal border checks within the Schengen area, so it is quite likely that nobody will even look at your visa as long as you are traveling inside the Schengen area.
From http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/index_en.htm:

Generally, a short-stay visa issued by one of the Schengen States entitles its holder to travel throughout the 26 Schengen States for up to 90 days in any 180-day period. Visas for visits exceeding that period remain subject to national procedures.

The visa applies equally to every country, EU source:

Any person, irrespective of nationality, may cross the internal borders without being subjected to border checks.

Your chosen mode of transportation makes absolutely no difference in the terms of your visa. You can fly, take a train, drive or bike across the internal Schengen borders. In short, you're completely fine.

Schengen Visa question


Turning off social apps

Question: I would like to know if there is a way in Android 6.0.1 to turn off certain apps when I am using mobile data. For example, I would like to turn off Facebook Messenger while keeping Whatsapp available. Is that possible? I have a friend that can do this but I cannot do it in my phone.
Best regards
Answer: Install a firewall and restrict internet access to your desired app.
You can grant access to mobile data or WiFi or block completely from accessing data.
There is an inbuilt app in Lenovo handsets called security, which does this job pretty well.

Lenovo security firewall (click image for larger variant)
Comment: For those devices where such a Firewall is not integrated (99% of all devices, I'm afraid), there are third-party-apps, not all of them requiring root. You can find a selection in [my corresponding app list](https://android.izzysoft.de/applists/category/named/network_admin_firewall#group_377). Most recommended choice: AFWall+ (requires root). From the no-root fraction, NetGuard was long time recommended (I don't know if it still is – but that would be a case for [our sister site](//android.meta.stackexchange.com/q/2060/16575) :).

Turning off social apps


What's the exact complexity of a DFS if we revisit nodes?

Question: By "revisit nodes," I mean if we didn't maintain a set of nodes we have visited. So the sum I'm examining is just the number of paths from a root to a node, across all roots and nodes. We'll also only consider DAGs for obvious reasons.
Imaginably, this is a hard query to google for. I'm looking for a complexity that is more precise than just "exponential" - is there some nice property of a graph that expresses this? For example, it would be convenient if the complexity would be linear if we the graph is just a tree. Maybe treewidth is helpful?
Answer: Suppose the graph has an adjacency matrix $M$. It's well known that the number of paths of length $k$ from $i$ to $j$ is $(M^k)_{ij}$. Since we care about paths of any length, we are interested in $M^0 + M^1 + M^2 + \dots = (I - M)^{-1}$. In particular, the vector $(I - M)^{-1} \bf{1}$ has in its $i$th position the number of paths starting from $i$.
Comment: That's neat but unfortunately not really useful . This seems even harder to put a bound on, and I'm guessing that trees don't obviously satisfy the property I want through this lens.


How do you calculate your finances for 3-5 years in advance?

Question: I can keep 50% of my net salary a month (800$ for example), so I can just 800$*12 months, but this would be deadly wrong. Since probably I would keep it somewhere in the bank, with compound interest, also I'll keep something in gold, assets or stocks, or even crypto. Also, my boss will raise my salary by about 20% in a year, probably. How do I keep all these variables in mind while trying to calculate my income for years in advance? And what variables to keep? Is there any tools for that?
Comment: I can't pass by a question that uses the word 'crypto' like this without mentioning that it is more like gambling than investing. Be careful...
Comment: For what purpose do you need to preidct your income 5 years in advance? It might be interesting just for things like long-term retirement planning but be aware that your plan should be updated every year (or maybe every quarter) as your situation changes. Every time I've done a 5-year plan I've been horribly optimistic. I've learned just to look at the next year for tax planning, and anything beyond that is for entertainment purposes only.
Comment: "Is there any tools for that?"  **A spreadsheet** is *the* tool for the job.
Comment: @Grade'Eh'Bacon That was my thought exactly. Crypto (and gold for that matter) are not savings - they are speculation.
Answer: You cannot.
You do not know if the price of gold will go up or down, if the stock market will go up or down. You do not know if you will get a raise or you will get fired, if you will get a job offer at a better paid position. And that is without taking into account personal events, like winning the lottery, having to pay for a car repair, wanting to move to live with someone, having kids.
Instead, there are some rules of thumb that will help manage your economical situation better. Try to live within your means, do not get into debt unless it is an investment (not speculation), consider your options, keep money saved for emergencies / short term loss of income, avoid offers "too good to be true"...
That is specially true for the guy whose main income is his job and that does not have enough assets to rely on those to sustain himself (in other words, almost everybody).
Then you have to factor your personality and goals, because maybe sometimes it might be worth spending some money on you today than to live like a pauper to get some possible profits in the future. And your tolerance to risk and your economical information to manage investments.
What you can get with this is not a plan that will guarantee you an amount of X $/month in five years, but a good chance of making the most of what you have.


Was the star that led the Magi a real one or something else?

Question: Was the star that the Magi followed in Matthew 2, a real one? Or Something moving overhead that shed light? What always puzzles me is :
If the star was a real one, I presume that its light was useless altogether to find where the baby Jesus was. Just suppose an extraordinarily big and bright 'star' hangs high up right over Bethlehem. Everyone at any point of place not only in Bethlehem but also nearby regions might see the star as hanging vertically.
So I guess there follows this conclusion that the moving star the Magi followed was not a real star, but a light emitting object or maybe a brightly shining angel that of course the Lord God sent. And the source of light maybe is not so high up. What does anybody else think about it?
Comment: Welcome to BHSX.  Thanks for the question.  Please take the tour (link below) to better understand how this site works.
Comment: Possible duplicate- https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/8294/was-there-an-astronomical-origin-of-the-star-of-bethlehem-in-matthew-2?rq=1
Answer: Assuming these Magi from the east did not travel the distance (presumably from Persia because Magi is a Persian word??) in one night but probably took many weeks, then we observe several things about this "Star".

It traveled slowly enough for the Magi to follow
It traveled in the correct direction which would not have always been purely westward
It was conspicuous from other stars in the sky
In Matt 2:9 the star is reported as standing still over the house where the child (Jesus) was born
The prophecy of Balaam in Num 24:17 appears to predict such a star appearing

Thus, this was no ordinary star; nor could it have been a planetary conjunction because that does not last several weeks.
The only plausible explanation is a divine miracle to create such a "star" specifically to guide the Magi.  Further than this we cannot know but only speculate.
Comment: In Matthew 2:9 particularly, if it were a real star, its movement from Jerusalem to Bethlehem would have been imperceptible. Whatever it was, it couldn't have been very high up.


Two level unitary matrices

Question: In section 4.5.1 of Nielsen and Chuang, two-level unitary matrices are defined as unitary matrices which act non-trivially only on two or fewer vector components. I'm not sure that I understand this definition. For instance, is $$\begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ 0 & 1 & 0\end{pmatrix}\quad$$ a two level unitary matrix? It only acts non-trivially on the first and third vector components, but it doesn't leave this linear space invariant, unlike the examples given in Nielsen and Chuang.
Comment: *"It only acts non-trivially on the first and third vector components..."* That's not correct. Enumerating the basis vectors as $\{e_1, e_2, e_3\}$, that matrix transforms $T e_2 = e_3$, which is not "trivial".
Comment: Yes, I guess that acting trivially on component $j$ means that $Te_j = e_j$ I thought that it might  mean that $U_{ij} = 0$ or $1$. I have continued reading and in the end you prove that unitaries such that $Te_j = e_j$ except for at most two j are universal, which is the aim of the section, so I guess that the definition you suggest is the right one. Thanks!
Answer: In addition to the error pointed out by DanielSank in his comment, note that your matrix is not even unitary.
Indeed, in particular for a unitary matrix any two distinct columns (resp. rows) form orthogonal vectors, and you can quickly check that it is not the case with the first and third columns (resp. first and second rows) of your matrix.
But, the following matrix works, i.e. is a two-level unitary matrix:
$$\begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0\\ -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}\quad$$
Comment: Oops sorry. Well that can be fixed by changing any of the $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ into $-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
Comment: @AlvaroOrtega: exactly, I have added an example of a two-level unitary matrix in my answer.
Answer: Unitary matrices must satisfy $U^\dagger = U^{-1}$. Your example is not unitary because it isn't invertible so $U^{-1}$ doesnt exist. In that entire section, he is only talking about unitary (and therefore invertible) matrices.

Two level unitary matrices


Is 5V out on the Pi Zero W unregulated?

Question: I want to power a 5V relay breakout board from a Pi Zero W. I believe the 5V pads are "raw" and a "pass through" voltage?  Is this correct?
Answer: Not entirely. There are two Q&A you should read: 1, 2.
The first Answer tells us that the voltage output from the USB supply is regulated iaw the USB standards, and therefore needs no further regulation on the RPi. So, I'd say the answer to your question is, "the 5V pads are regulated iaw the USB specifications and standards".
The second Answer is not applicable directly to the Pi Zero W, but useful as it explains some details wrt how the USB input voltage is handled on the RPi, and perhaps more relevant is the observation that the published schematics may not be reliable.
Comment: I've upvoted this for completeness, I was aware there are no polyfuses, and no current limiting. I would expect the Vin to be between 4.9 and 5.1 without any guarantee that the builder gave any thought to the standards. 80mA should not stress it. I expect the breakout board has back EMF protection, too.
Answer: On the Pi Zero and Pi Zero W the 5V pins are directly connected to the 5V input from the µUSB connector, as can be seen in the schematics
Other models have additional components (polyfuse, ideal diode etc).

Is 5V out on the Pi Zero W unregulated?


restrict access to a website using Windows Server 2008

Question: What do I need to do in Windows Server 2008 to restrict access to a website (or directory in the website) to only certain users?
Answer: NTFS permissions will take precedence over the site/virtual directory's permissions if they're more restrictive:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc739391(WS.10).aspx
Answer: IIS can restrict websites to an IP address or range of addresses, this is useful for making a website visible to an entire office (eg, a development website restricted to your own, and your clients office IP ranges)
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc730889%28WS.10%29.aspx
This isn't really authentication as such, but is often quicker and easier to setup, but it's less secure (IP's can be spoofed).
Answer: I enabled Basic Authentication and disabled Anonymous Authentication.  I created a user with read and write permissions on the folder.  The created user's credentials are what I use to view the website.


Repairing wall around a plug socket

Question: The wall has broken quite badly around a plug socket in our bedroom and I don't know how to fix it. First time buyer as of yesterday and TOTAL DIY newby! Any help, gracefully appreciated. You can find a picture below.
Answer: This is a simple repair that should only take a bit of time. The repair shouldn't be rushed so that the result is a patch that is hard to detect. Here is what you should do:    CAUTION must be used when working near electric wires and devices. It would be wise to shut off the breaker at the panel before attempting this repair!  Remove loose plaster sections (right side of receptacle) and brush out dust and debris.  Cover receptacle with masking tape.  Mix about 2 cups of plaster patch according to instructions and with a putty knife push into wall opening. NOTE: Work with the knowledge that the plaster patch will set in a few minutes. Stay focused and don't delay. Start along the outside edge of the opening pressing the patch enough to adhere to the wooden lathe and existing plaster.   You will need to apply a second layer for a smooth finish. Mix the same amount but add a teaspoon more of water. This will delay the hardening of the patch to allow some extra time to work the compound smooth. Have a 4 inch putty knife ready after the second batch is applied so that you will only need a couple of passes with the 4 inch putty knife to smooth the patch.  When completed the still wet plaster will appear slightly darker than the existing plaster wall, but when it is fully cured will become a brighter white which can be painted if needed. It should match the surrounding wall in texture and thickness.

Repairing wall around a plug socket


What type of propellant does Spacex plan to use in Starship for long duration missions?

Question: For long duration missions such as ones to mars what type of propellant would be best suited?
Answer: According to current information Starship is only capable of using one pair of propellants -- liquid methane and liquid oxygen. Some sketches suggest special tankage (a tank inside a tank) to help keep the landing propellants cold on Mars missions.
Comment: @SF.:  One of the major goals of Starship's design is to reduce the number of fluids required, and enable those fluids to be obtained by ISRU. The cold gas thrusters could be fed by boiling either of the main propellants. Hypergolics would be difficult to produce from local resources and even nitrogen would require dedicated storage tanks and more extreme cooling for liquid storage (lower boiling point than either O2 or CH4), and any separate RCS propellant leaves you with the possibility of running out of that propellant.
Comment: It's unlikely it wouldn't use some other propellant like hydrazine or LN2 for RCS, but it's correct methalox is meant to be the main propellant and to be used for landing at the end of long missions despite being a cryogenic bipropellant.
Comment: Yep, current design calls for RCS on Starship (and I think also on SuperHeavy) to be either cold-gas pressurized methane (or possibly oxygen?), or pressure-fed methalox bipropellant (much more efficient but requires more complex valving and reliable ignition)


Raspbmc first boot without tv

Question: Do I need a monitor to do the first boot with Raspbmc? I know it needs wired internet connection to update and all how long does it usually take? (I have a very fast connection)
I can hook up a keyboard if needed for first boot. Otherwise i will just ssh to get my stuff together.
Comment: Take a look at this question. It outlines how to get everything working to use SSH without using a screen, including how to configure a static IP address so you don't have to figure it out the hard way, and so that it maintains the same IP every time even after reboots. http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/38/prepare-for-ssh-without-a-screen
Answer: The first boot doesn't need any interaction. The second boot will start ssh and generate the keys.
You'll have to figure out the IP by looking at your router or attempting to ping the Pi.
You can log on over ssh with the default credentials.
The only issue here is that if the first boot script fails for any reason you won't know about it. I have a 20MB connection and it took around 10 minutes.
Comment: How does one know the 'first boot' has finished, and has finished successfully?
Comment: @klokop Your Raspberry Pi will be on, and be showing a user interface.
Comment: Hm, in my case the downloading of root fs etc. took FOREVER (quite literally), and the unit kept rebooting. Switched to different OS.
Answer: If you have a computer nearby, you can watch the bootup messages from the serial port on the GPIO

Raspbmc first boot without tv


Is Urea excretion a shared ancestral trait of amphibians and mammals relative to synapomorphic Uric Acid excretion in living reptiles?

Question: Is the ancestral condition of prehistoric amphibians and early amniotes urea excretion? Would it follow then that the lineage leading to living reptiles went on to evolve uric acid excretion as a derived trait? Therefore urea excretion is a shared plesiomorphy of living amphibians and living mammals relative to a synapopmorphy of uric excretion in living reptiles?
Answer: There are reptiles that also use urea, and mammals that excrete uric acid.  it is likely that urea is the ancestral condition (compared to uric acid) as it occurs in adult amphibians and some fish. But ammonia is even more ancestral than that, occurring in young amphibians and most fish. It is likely uric acid developed alongside terrestrial eggs, as every egg laying amniote (including monotremes) uses uric acid at least during the embryonic stages. Uric acid is more metabolically costly so there is some incentive to switch to urea if you can, although there is a counter factor as urea requires significantly more water. so it comes down to which a group can afford more water or calories. It is notable that the few reptile to witch use urea only switch during their adult stage. It is possible to do both a few desert mammals produce uric acid and urea at the same time, producing more uric acid when water stressed.


Distribution of training dataset in binary classification problem

Question: Is it important to have the same amount of positives and negatives in our training dataset for a binary classification problem? Or for example, it doesn't matter if we have 70% positives and 30% negatives.
Answer: In general it is better to have a good mix of positive and negative labels for a model to learn from. That said, many classification problems suffer from significant label imbalance (e.g. fraud detection).
I don't see an obvious problem with a 70/30 mix of labels, but as you start modeling be sure to check the confusion matrix and look for where you model isn't performing well. If it appears that the imbalance is causing issues, you could try techniques like under-sampling or SMOTE to create a better balance (artificially). The linked article below has more details if you are interested:
https://www.jeremyjordan.me/imbalanced-data/


What percentage of patents applications are filed without a lawyer?

Question: Is there any statistics on that? This might be an explanation for dumb patents. I am seeing quite a few of those as I am searching through google. The application process isn't expensive unless a lawyer is involved. Hence, without the deterrence of high price the number of bad patents increases. This is my theory.
Comment: The U.S. has a tradition of relatively low fees. And discounts for small entities, with the AIA we now have discounts for micro entities.
Answer: There is an article in PatentlyO with statistics about the success statistics in various categories. It says only 1% of non-provisonal utility patents are filed pro se from a limited sample. That doesn't explain a large number of "dumb" patents. However, if an independent inventor with a dumb  idea hires a professional to help they might still end up with a well written but dumb patent application.
From the PatentlyO blog -

The most surprising result: Overall in this sample, I found that over 99% of patent applicants were represented by a US patent practitioner. An important note here is that the focus of this study was non-provisional utility application filings. I expect that the rate of true pro-se applications would be much greater if we looked at provisional patent applications.

It has a table with success rates -

Another article took in a much bigger sample and was more rigorous. I do not see that it address your question, but focuses on success of those that are filed. The Lone Inventor: Low Success Rates and Common Errors Associated with Pro-Se Patent Applications It also examines differences in content of applications between represented and non-represented applicants.
I will note that represented means a registered practitioner which can be as attorney or not an attorney (a patent agent).