Constructible sets II (Grothendieck rings)

Question: Here is my second question on constructible sets, now on Grothendieck rings. Let $K_0(Sch_k)$ be the Grothendieck ring of schemes over $k$. I have read that if $S$ is a constructible set in a projective $k$-space $\mathbf{P}$ (or in a scheme over $k$), then $S$ has a well-defined class in $K_0(Sch_k)$. Is there an easy way to see this ? Also, if $C$ is closed in $S$, does one know that $[S] = [C] + [S \setminus C]$ ?
 Thanks again !
Answer: The "scissor relation" $[S]=[C]+[S\setminus C]$ in your last question holds by definition of $K_0(Sch_k)$. As for your first question, a constructible subset $V\subset X$ of a $k$-scheme $X$ can be expressed as a finite disjoint union of locally closed subschemes of $X$, say
$$
V=\coprod_{i=1}^n Z_i.
$$
Each $Z_i$ has a well-defined class $[Z_i]\in K_0(Sch_k)$ and one can put $$[V]:=\sum_{i=1}^n[Z_i].$$ To check this is independent upon the chosen decomposition, assume $$V=\coprod_{j=1}^m W_j.$$
Observe that
$$
\begin{align}
[Z_i]&=[Z_i\cap V]=\sum_{j=1}^m[Z_i\cap W_j]\qquad\textrm{for }1\leq i\leq n,\\
[W_j]&=[W_j\cap V]=\sum_{i=1}^n[W_j\cap Z_i]\qquad\textrm{for }1\leq j\leq m.
\end{align}
$$
Then $\sum_i[Z_i]=\sum_i\sum_j[Z_i\cap W_j]=\sum_j\sum_i[Z_i\cap W_j]=\sum_j[W_j]$.
Comment: Thanks ! Is there some way of expressing that $[S] = [S']$ if $S$ and $S'$ are "isomorphic constructible sets," just as for schemes ?
Comment: I guess one way to do it would be to find appropriate decompositions $S = \coprod_i Z_i$ and $S' = \coprod_jZ_j'$ as above, indexed over the same index set $I$ and such that each $Z_i$ is isomorphic to $Z_i'$.
Comment: not sure what you mean by "isomorphic constructible sets". If you find decompositions like in your last comment, then certainly $[S]=[S']$. The converse (stating: if two varieties have the same class then they are piecewise isomorphic) is the "cut and paste conjecture" by Larsen and Lunts, which is false in general.
Comment: By the way, for obtaining the first formula, is it needed that the scheme is Noetherian ? (Is this a necessary condition ?)
Comment: No, I do not think that is needed.


When deploying a rollup, how easy is it to scale and "decentralise" it by adding more nodes? Do SORU automatically share load between the nodes?

Question: When deploying a rollup with a single node to start with, how easy is it to scale and "decentralise" it by adding more nodes to it? Is the SORUs automatically sharing the load between the nodes?
Question from Greeneye44
Answer: I'm seeing alot of people get this wrong. Scaling your rollup node does not mean adding more SCORUS/bond/etc. A rollup is a blockchain primitive, not actual infrastructure.
Your rollup is simply a piece of code sitting on the Tezos L1, that is it. Anyone can read the Tezos L1, compute the current state of your rollup node and post a commitment of the current balance sheet. There is no "load", users send messages to Tezos L1, which your rollup node reads and reacts to.
Scaling up means increasing your infrastructure to read from the blockchain faster, compute the current commitment faster, and index the balance sheet into something readable on your UI. This is fully independent from the resulting commitment hash that this whole infrastructure creates. 10k bond is for commitment, the L1 does not care wether a raspberry pi of a kubernetes cluster calculated it.
There are scaling limits! Layer 2 messages still go on Layer 1, so there are storage limits! This will be the new limiter to TPS on tezos, and to go further, we need data availability sharding.
DAS basically means we split parts of the blockchain store across different nodes instead of the whole chain on each node. Horizontal scaling in action.
To "decentralize" your node, you'll have to get a third party to commit to running and posting checks on your computations.
Answer from whalesniper
Answer: I'm not sure I understand this question, but I'll try to answer some adjacent questions and see if that helps.
One big benefit of rollups is that you can scale vertically. Buy bigger, faster machines, and you'll get more throughput.
Another big benefit is that not everyone has to validate every rollup, offering us a kind of horizontal scaling. If 3 parties are validating 3 different rollups, we can get 3x the throughput we would with 3 parties validating a single rollup.
There is no automatic sharing. One octez rollup node validates one rollup. If you want to validate multiple rollups, you'll need multiple nodes, but you'll also need to spend for more hardware.
Lastly, on how to deploy a rollup, check out our blog post to get started:
https://www.marigold.dev/post/how-to-write-a-rollup-kernel
Answer from d4hines
Answer: There is no notion of load balancing between nodes: just like nodes on the Layer 1, all rollup nodes execute the exact same code.
Anyone can choose to be an operator for any rollup, provided they comply with one single requirement: if the rollup relies on data stored off-chain, the data transmitted through its"reveal data channel" must be made public.
Answer from Nomadic Labs


Canasta - Discard Pile Pick-up

Question: May I pick-up the discard pile if the top card is the same in as the ones in my already-completed canasta.
(i.e. it has the needed seven (7) cards)
Answer: Yes. Here are a few sources to confirm this.

Hoyle gaming says "you can pick up the discard pile if you can use the upcard in an existing meld or in a new meld" and that a "canasta is a meld."
Bicycle cards says "...a player may take [the discard pile]: ... by adding the top card to a meld he already has on the table. Having taken and melded the top discard as described, the player takes the rest of the pile into his hand...." and that a canasta is a "meld comprising seven or more cards."
Pagat says "In order to [pick up the discard pile], you must be able to meld the top discard, without needing any of the other cards in the discard pile to make your meld valid."

Note: Wikipedia has been updated since the original post, so the below is currently incorrect.
I did find that Wikipedia contradicted this, claiming a player "may only pick up the discard pile if they can use the top card by making a new meld along with two other cards from their hand," but this is the only source where this appears to be written.
Comment: The Wikipedia rule is only referring to when the pile is frozen.
Comment: @GendoIkari I had that though, too, but the second paragraph in that section deals specifically with a frozen discard pile. The line I quoted is the line above it, which doesn't mention anything above the pile being frozen. The other subtle difference is that the first paragraph says you can pick up the pile "with two other cards from their hand" (meaning wilds), and the second says you can pick up the pile "with two natural cards of the same rank." These differences make me think they are talking about two different scenarios: frozen or not frozen discard pile.
Comment: You're right. I've edited the Wiki to be correct.

Canasta - Discard Pile Pick-up


How to punch in a text

Question: I have a text and white paths above it. I need to 'crop' the text with the paths...
Similar to the "punch" of adobe fireworks.
How I do this?
thanks
Comment: [This](http://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/25818/how-to-punch-through-all-the-layers-in-adobe-illustrator) question has answers that should solve your issue :)
Answer: There's multiple ways: actually subtracting your white path from the text shape, or creating a clipping or opacity mask.
Subtracting from the text shape
Since Illustrator doesn't see text objects as shapes, you'll have to Object > Expand your text object to a shape first. This has the side effect of your text not being editable as text anymore. Ungroup the text (expanding creates a group of objects, each letter being a single object), and then use the Pathfinder palette to punch out your shapes.
Creating a clipping mask

Group your text if it's multiple objects;
Create a shape covering all of your text;
Punch out the white shapes from this shape;
Remove fill and stroke from the shape;
Select both the 'empty' shape and your text group;
Choose Object > Clipping Mask > Make.

Creating an opacity mask
See this question and answer. Thanks, Jenna.

How to punch in a text


Changing SK Textures for "MouseOver" in Xcode 5.0

Question: I have a sprite with a given texture using:
joyStickRight = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithImageNamed:@"joyStick.png"];

And I'd like to change it when the user touches and holds the sprite. When I detect the touch, I try changing the sprite texture by calling the same function with a different image:
joyStickRight = [SKSpriteNode spriteNodeWithImageNamed:@"joyStick_rollOver.png"];

But this does not seem to work. Nothing changes.
This for an iPad application. I am creating the on screen elements with SKSpriteNodes.
Answer: This is likely to be related to variable scope. I'm guessing you are trying to modify another instance of 'joyStickRight' SKSPriteNode. This second instance would not have been added to the scene and therefore not taking any effect.
Answer: The only way i found out to change textures ist to swap them via action like this:
SKTexture *texture1 = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"texture1"];
SKTexture *texture2 = [SKTexture textureWithImageNamed:@"texture2"];

SKAction *swapTextures = [SKAction repeatAction:[SKAction animateWithTextures:@[texture1,texture2] timePerFrame:0.1] count:3];

[node (in your case joyStickRight) runAction:swapTextures];

I still hope this is not the only solution, and also wonder why it does not work when i run it once!!!


How to import python module with same filename that is already imported?

Question: I have a problem with python module import.
I installed django (this can be any other module). I use this module:
from django.template import Context
# other imports
# use Context

I have a folder in my application named "utilities". In this folder I created a file "django.py" - this file contains some functions to work with django.
So I import django in my module and I get error:
File "...\utilities\django.py", line 1, in
    from django.template import Context
ImportError: No module named template
Comment: You really shouldn't name your file that way..
Answer: You will have to enable absolute imports at the top of the file:
from __future__ import absolute_import

You will then have to convert the imports in the module into absolute or relative imports as appropriate.
Comment: forward compatibility, love it.
Comment: @user607854: Don't forget to accept the answer you found to be correct.
Answer: Use namepaces, create a __init__.py in your utilities directory, so that it is package and then do import utilities.django. Btw, it is bad practice to name your module the same as std libraries or the name of package you know you are going to use. You never know when you are going to confuse yourself with which module to use.


Is there anyway to install twain module in python 3

Question: I want to install the Python TWAIN module in Python 3. But in the docs it says:

Python versions 2.1 through 2.5 are supported.

Can I convert it using 2to3?
Comment: why don't you try it?
Comment: @YumYumYum You can install twain module for python using [pytwain](https://github.com/denisenkom/pytwain) module.
Comment: Please answer and complete the installation at-least with python27. 2016 we are stuck
Answer: You can install twain for Python 3 using the .whl method.
First, you need to download the .whl file: twainmodule - Python Extension Packages for Windows. Pick the one that matches your Python 3 version (example: I downloaded the twain‑1.0.4‑cp38‑cp38‑win32.whl).
Important note, I specifically chose the file ending with win32.whl because I had troubles using the 64-bit version. For example, the scaner I was working with only supported 32-bit Twain.
Then, install wheel with pip install wheel.
Install twain using pip install /path/to/twain‑1.0.4‑cpXX‑cpXX‑XX.whl
Answer: Use past module which provides an experimental translation package to help with importing and using old Python 2 modules in a Python 3 environment.
So install your package with pip
pip3 install twain --no-compile   # to ignore SyntaxErrors

And use next code to import twain in your python3 code :
from past import autotranslate
autotranslate(['twain'])

import twain

# use twain .......

Comment: When I try this command  `pip3 install twain --no-compile`  , I have got an message like : `Downloading/unpacking twain
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement twain
Cleaning up...
No distributions at all found for twain
Storing debug log for failure in C:\Users\PB\pip\pip.log`      What does it mean?
Comment: Please answer and complete the installation. 2016 we are stuck


Combinatorics. How many ways can you split 8 people into pairs for the game of bridge.

Question: The title explain the problem. First I would choose two random people out of 8, there is 4 ways to choose two people, then there's still 6 people left. Then again two people should be chosen, so there are 3 ways to do it. Then only 4 people are left. Again we choose two random people from those who have been left: 2 ways to arrange them into pair. Lastly there are only two people left, so there is only $1$ way to choose a pair. So together it will make $4\cdot 3 \cdot 2=24.$ I would like to know whether my answer is correct and also I notice that the result is $\left(\frac  {N}{2} \right)!$ so what's the reasoning behind this?
Comment: Wait, you want to count ways to split 8 people into pairs for the game of bridge and you're getting number between $0$ and $1$? And is $N = 8$ ?
Comment: Let's think: if you have 2 people you only have one option. If you had three people ${A,B,C}$ then you can choose $(A,B)$ or $(A,C)$ or $(B,C)$ so three. Clearly, it must be an integer number ... Check "n choose k", you can find plenty of information about it ...
Answer: Assuming you do not "name the teams" or order the teams, etc...
Without loss of generality, assume that everyone's age is different.
Choose the partner for the youngest person: $7$ options
From those remaining people (not the previously selected pair), choose the partner for the youngest remaining: $5$ options
Continue in this fashion, giving a final total of $7!! = 7\times 5\times 3\times 1$


Should I toss my MSI z590 motherboard and start over?

Question: Will my MSI MPG Z590 10th/11th gen Gaming Carbon wifi motherboard be outdated soon? Using for UE5 and game programming
Answer: It really depends on your CPU. If you have a high end 11th gen it won't be obsolete for those use cases probably until the next console refresh. If not it will probably last as long as you don't find it too slow. And if it becomes obsolete you can still repurpose it as a rendering/compiling server.
Comment: Thanks for the feedback! I got a good deal on the motherboard lol so that's a big reason I bought it. I was mainly worried about the cpu than anything. It's a solid board. I start my gamedev BS soon
Answer: At its core the z590 chipset with a good 11th gen chip is more than enough to do whatever you want to do.
However since you are building a new pc rather than deciding to keep an existing one. It all depends on what kind of deals you can find.
The main thing to consider when looking around is that an intel 13400(or f) is about as fast as an intel 11700k. On the AMD side that is roughly a 7600, or a 5800x.
So if you go out looking for parts, make sure that the cost is the same or less than that of a newer setup with an added motherboard, and you should be alright.


force breaking a string in a fixed width Gridview cell

Question: I have a Gridview control on an ASP.Net page with fixed width cells. The data coming from the database occasionally comes over as a contiguous string of characters. When there are dashes in the string, it will break so as not to upset the width of the layout. If there are no dashes (specifically, I'm dealing with underscores), the string will not break and forces the cell to widen out, thus upsetting the layout of the page. Is there a way to tell the cell to keep its width and break the string? As it stands, I don't have access to the field's data directly, as the GridView bind its datasource to a dataset object coming from the database. Thanks for any feedback.
Answer: If you handle the RowDataBound event you'll be able to break the string "manually". Otherwise it'll only break based on "HTML rules".
Comment: Thanks. :-) Can't believe I missed that. Cheers!
Answer: First thing to note is that this doesn't have a lot to do with ASP.NET but is rather a pure HTML (and CSS) problem.
A possible solution is to use the css attribute table-layout: fixed and set some fixed width values to all columns. The disadvantage of this approach is that the total table width is fixed so it doesn't scale with the window size.
Another possible approach is to display in columns shorter strings using a utility function that cuts the long strings to a maximum length.


How much can a mule carry?

Question: Are mules subject to the same encumbrance rules as PCs, leading them to only be able to carry 40lbs of gear? Or is there a more realistic number someplace I'm missing?
Answer: The encumbrance rules are intended for PCs, although a rule of thumb recommended by the Savage Worlds Core Rules Brand Manager is to double the carrying capacity for each point of Size.  Thus a mule with Strength d8 and Size +2 would be able to carry 160lb without penalty, or 640lb with a -3 penalty.
However, from the two sources provided by @Phil, it seems a mule can normally carry around 20–30% of its body weight, so if you're aiming for a more realistic figure you could try a rule like "four-legged creatures double their carrying capacity".
Comment: I found a mention of that rule of thumb of Clint's but didn't manage to google up the original post. Nice find!

How much can a mule carry?


The 'search' function on my textfield keyboard isn't working

Question:     -(IBAction)searchInfo: (id)sender
{
    NSString *query = [googleBar.text stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@"+"];
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=%@" , query]];
        NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

    [webView loadRequest:request];
    [textField resignFirstResponder];

    NSString *javascriptString = @"document.getElementsByClassName('g')[0].getElementsByTagName('a')[0].click()";

    [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString: javascriptString];
}

So basically my 'Searchinfo' button searches whatever the users inputs into the textfield on Google and then displays the first search result. When the user is editing the textfield using the pop up keyboard, I've noticed that the keyboard's search function dosen't do the same thing as the 'Searchinfo' button. Here is my code for the keyboard;
- (IBAction)ReturnKeyButton:(id)sender
{

    [sender resignFirstResponder];

}

I have wired everything but I'm not sure why when I resign the keyboard using its search function it doesn't do the same as my button above, this being it taking the users input in the textfield and searching it onto Google and displaying the first search result.
Answer: If you want your return key to cause the same action as the searchInfo button, you probably want to call your searchInfo method from returnKeyButton
eg:
-(IBAction) returnKeyButton:(id) sender {
  [self searchInfo:sender];
  [self resignFirstResponder];
}


Can separable prefixes be considered adverbs?

Question: For example, consider the sentence, "Ich springe hinein." Is hinein considered to be the separable prefix of the verb hineinspringen or an adverb modifying the verb springen?
Comment: Yes, they can be considered both, and it is merely by convention that one is used more often.
Answer: Yes, absolutely: hinein is an adverb, which may be used as a prefix in a compound. An adjective can also be used as a prefix, but nouns and verbs can't (at least with verbs).
The only distinction you (and me) have to learn is, that some verb-adverb pairs are so closely aligned, that both are written as one word for the infinitive form:

schönschreiben, but schön schreiben
wegfliegen, but weg reisen

Since the recent reforms, I always have to look that up in the Duden.
Comment: There is usually a difference in stress.
Comment: And I'm saying that a compound vs. a sequence of words often differ in stress.
Comment: Maybe, but I'm afraid you confuse this with the rule for separable (?) verbs (whether a compound verb can be split). My focus here is, whether it is a compound at all.
Comment: What @chirlu means is that *schönschreiben* is pronounced /'ʃø:nˌʃraibən/ or related while *schön schreiben* is pronounced /ˌʃø:n'ʃraibən/ with an optional glottal stop between *schön* and *schreiben.*


How do I keep ribs and shoulder location from being too deform?

Question: Is there an easy technique to make the rib cage and shoulders deform more naturally up and down? The sides on my guy's body puff up too much when moving and they look too skinny when relaxed. I also don't want to use manual weight painting because it's annoying having to redo everything if I make some changes to my character's bones, mesh, and other things. And if it involves drivers or shape keys then please tell me what the python code is for them as well as other functions for the bones.
Comment: try manual weight painting or use shape keys to fix the deformation (more complex)
Answer: That can happen if upper arm weights distributed on the sides of the chest too strongly. So when the arm moves, those vertices will follow it. You could weight paint it there to reduce the arm influence. You could first check that autonormalize and x-mirror is turned on in options on the right. Then with a Mix brush, Weight; 0.000, Radius: enough, Strength: turn the slider down very low and paint to take away some of the weight then paint and test, paint and test until it's right. Or you could select those vertices on the chest only, with the upper arm bone highlighted and use the levels tool to reduce the strength of them there.


does illustrator or photoshop change the dpi, ppi or alpha when using transparency?

Question: I was enjoying the use of different transparency settings in both programs and was wondering if the simulated transparency would have any effect on the use of the images in different production environments(web and print)?
Comment: Transparency and alpha has nothing to do with resolution.
Comment: In addition to Rafael's comment.. alpha **is** transparency, so that part of your question is rather confusing.
Comment: The only effect I could imagine would be varying file sizes (negligible) and low/no support in versions of IE that you should not be supporting anyway (i.e below version 8). It will not impact resolution.
Answer: Here is the answer: It depends ;)
Apart from your confusion between alpha and pixel density,
The possibilities are quite vast so there is no real answer.
It depends on many things like which color profile is used and if you have a consistent color setting in your programs.
In web the big fun begins when you realize that not al browsers support color profiles.
So there is only one real solution: Test it yourself.


how deep must a range hood be to effectively clear cooking vapor?

Question: Is it really necessary for a range hood to extend out from the wall completely over the burners?  Doesn't it draw from a wider range than its footprint?  There must be objective studies about this.  If they had to be wide, why does a reputable brand (I think) like XO make hoods that are less than 20 inches deep?
Comment: It's not a precise "depth 60cm bad, depth 80cm good" thing; the deeper it is, the better it is.
Comment: fwiw and iirc, range hoods should extend a few inches beyond the width and depth of the range. My hood barely covers the width and depth of my range and I have grease all over it.
Answer: The deeper the better; ideally, it should be as deep as the range. Closer to the burners is better too, as is a higher airflow, within reason. Beyond 300 CFM, you might need a makeup air system or to be diligent about opening a window when it's running.
More info: http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/blogs/dept/green-building-curmudgeon/why-range-hoods-don-t-work
Answer: I couldn't find anything in International Residential Code that specifies range hood size, so it would appear that size is more of a style choice.  Table M1507.4 does say that the minimum exhaust rate of the hood must be 100 CFM intermittent, or 25 CFM continuous.
Section M1503.4 of the IRC says that if the exhaust hood exhausts 400 CFM or more, then you must provide makeup air at the same rate. It also says that the makeup air system shall provide a means of closure, and must automatically and simultaneously operate with the exhaust system.


How to change the subsite title?

Question: How to change the subsite title? Like how to rename in the subsite? I know is go to subsite, site action, site setting, then click on title, description and logo. Then, there is title and description box and just change the name right? But after i make a change in title and description box, there is website address box with the URL link. Do i also need to rename the URL link? will it effect the content and anything of the subsite?
Answer: The Title, URL and Logo are edited in the same place. As in http://site/web/_layouts/15/prjsetng.aspx
In the same position, at the bottom, you have the ability to update URL

And it works directly
Answer: Renaming the site and/or changing the site's URL will not affect the site's content. However, if you have hardcoded links, they'll more likely not become updated to the new path. Thus fixing the hardcoded links will become your only matter to worry about.
Comment: I am not sure whether I have used hard-coded link but I have renamed the URL. But after I rename the URL and click OK, it turns into page error. However, when i open again the URL has been change and i go through the sub site  but there is no error. So why once i click ok to change the name of URL then it will show page error?
Comment: @Blue it's hard to tell whether the a problem still exists and which kind of problem it could be if you don't have the error text (we here are interested what it said in total!) If you still have it and you wonder whether there might be some errors ahead because of that, I'd suggest you to create a new Question here where you include the complete error message you received.
Answer: You can change the URL if you want. It is optional . If you change the URL, it wont affect anything on the subsite or its content. But if you are using the content of the subsite somewhere else, like custom webparts, then you might need to change the reference.
Answer: If you change URL, just keep in mind below two points:

If you have used hard-coded URL as a reference somewhere, you will need to change those reference.
Run a Search Full Crawl after URL change , otherwise search will show result with old URL and clicking on it will give error to user.
Comment: How should I check whether it is used hard-coded link? I rename the URL link already but it automatic turn into page error. However, when I open my share point again it shows normal and the URL link has been changed. Is that mean I have changed the name successful?

How to change the subsite title?


How to make Content Tree visible with the newly created role?

Question: I created a new user role, and made this role member of Author. Then added access rights on several items. When I logged in using the newly created user and access content editor, I found out that the content tree is hidden. I want the Content Tree, Tempalte, Layout, and Media Library to be visible. I already added a permission to use them. But still it is hidden. Any advise on how to fix this?
Comment: Does it help if you use choose `VIEW` ribbon and select `Entire tree` option?
Comment: Yes, selecting the Entire Tree and Hidden Items solved the issue. Thanks!
Answer: These are special items because they are marked as hidden.
You can either go to view in the content editor and check "hidden items". That is on a user base.

Second option is to unhide these folders, by going to the configure tab. Unprotect item, make item visible and protect item again.
Comment: Yes, selecting the Entire Tree and Hidden Items solved the issue. Thanks!


Add vertices to existing hook

Question: I made an object and animated it with a hook. Afterwards, I added some vertices to the object that are therefore not attached to the hook. Is there a way to add those vertices to the already existing hook so they will follow its path through the animation? I am using Blender 2.79 on Windows 10.
Answer: Keep in mind, that if your hook object is animated, you need to place it in rest/initial position before attaching new vertices (for example switch to frame, where hook is located originaly). Otherwise they could behave incorrectly.
Once did it, enter Edit mode (TAB) and Hook modifier will provide additional options. Select button will show vertices that are already used for hooking. With those selected you should just select new vertices and click Assign. Done.
Comment: Thank you, that was so much easier than I thought! Yet still I could not find it in the Blender documentation.
Comment: I didn't know you could do that - I've always had to remove the hook and re-create it. That's really good to know.

Add vertices to existing hook


Can I purchase v-bucks on my phone then have them transfer to my switch once they are bought?

Question: Can I purchase v-bucks on my mobile phone then have it transfer to my switch too so while using the same linked account on both.
Answer: If you use the same account on your phone as on your Switch, it would transfer as it's both on your account. Gameplay and any user data should be the same; the only thing that differs is the platform you play on.
Comment: Thanks so much! That really helps, so I can use itunes to purchase v-bucks on mobile then go onto my switch and the v-bucks will be there? Sorry I just really want to be sure so I do not waste money on mobile because I already have and i-tunes giftcard.
Comment: @Tanner: **if your two consoles are using the same Fortnite account**. What you're asking is sort of the same as if you were doing online banking on two different computers. As long as it's the same bank (Fortnite) and bank account (Fortnite user account), both computers will be showing you the same money.
Answer: You have to have both accounts linked.
First, if you haven't already linked your Nintendo account with an epic games account, you need to do that first, to sync your progress from mobile, or the other way around.
Then, once you purchase the V-Bucks, they should transfer from one place to the other.


What do you call a person who's grading exams?

Question: I've recently had a job where I've read exams and graded them. I'm now going to put this on my CV but I have no idea how I should label this kind of work. What have I been? An examiner?
Comment: In my experience *examiner* refers to the person who administers the exam, not the person who grades it.  It is mostly used for oral or practical exams where there is direct interaction between the examiner (who asks the questions) and the examinee or test-taker (who answers them).  I haven't heard *examiner* used in the context of written exams at all.
Answer: A person marking or grading the exam is called a marker or grader. An examiner can refer to such a person, but it can also mean one who sets the questions.
Comment: Exactly. That's what I suspected. I should probably call myself a grader then. Thanks!
Answer: In American university systems of my acquaintance, we always call them "graders".  Remember though that in America, the action of assigning a grade to a student's work is called grading.  One does not normally speak of assigning a mark, just a grade.  So "marker" wouldn't be used this side of the atlantic.
I've at times been a grader myself, even though I was not the professor nor the TA (teacher's assistant) for that particular course. This tended to happen towards the end of the term when there was more material needing grading than they were staffed up to handle. This was for undergraduate courses in computer programming.
Also, even though we always assigned numeric scores between 0–100, we still called them graders, never *scorers. Exactly how a particular numeric score mapped to a letter grade depended on the university, the course, and sometimes also on the thing being graded.
Comment: Careful about your generalizations about sides of the Atlantic: my experience (secondhand) is that *mark* is the standard word in Canada.  (But *grade* is definitely correct for the US.)
Answer: You haven't been an examiner. I'd just go with Exam-marker.
Comment: "Exam-marker" seems good too.
Answer: Without knowing any more about what you did, or where you did it, you might be able to say that you were a T.A., responsible for grading exams.
Answer: Embarrassed to drag up an old thread again, but this is clearly a case where over-reliance on American usage has confused the issue, and I think its worth a note, if it might prevent baseless accusations of national bias.
In the bureaucracy of British education, an examiner is the person who marks or grades the exams, as in the following quote from the website of AQA, an independent exam board for England, Ireland, and Wales:

Examiners can expect to mark between 150-350 scripts

Scripts are the sheets that the students write their answers on. Both the scripts and the examiners' marks are checked by 'moderators'
So who are the people who set the exam (devise the exam questions)? I have found at least one link that calls them 'paper setters' AQA has an elaborate hierarchy of examiners, including senior examiners, chief examiners and principal examiners who put the exam together.  However, the examiner per se is a grader, not a setter.
Is that right? Speak up, cousins!
Answer: In some situations the grader is called an assessor, particularly something I've heard for practical or vocational assessment rather than marking a paper exam. For example a trainee hairdresser on an apprenticeship must pass a practical exam in which they cut a client's hair and answer oral questions - their grade in that exam would be judged by an "assessor".
In Merriam-Webster the relevant definition is:

a person whose job is to officially say how well someone has done on a test, in a competition, etc.

I note another answer talks about difference between British and American usage. Another British examination board, OCR, uses "assessor" as a catch-all term which includes "examiners" (who mark scripts) and "moderators" (who check that scripts have been marked to a similar standard), as can be seen from the snippet below. This includes written subjects as well as practical ones.

We are constantly recruiting for Examiners and Moderators to ensure we have a full complement of assessors come exam time, so we welcome applications at all times of the year for all subjects. — "OCR for Assessors" (as accessed 16 July 2015)

Here are some examples where "assessor" is used in the context of a practical exam:

An ARTP/BTS national assessor will observe you performing the tests and producing the results (with reference values) for the following procedures:-
  Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) - Peak Flow Meter, Relaxed Vital capacity (VC) - Spirometer, Dynamic Spirometry (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) - Spirometer — describes role of assessor in a "practical and oral exam" in spirometry, from the Association for Respiratory Technology and Physiology and the British Thoracic Society.
This assessment method combines the use of witness testimonies, employer endorsement, practical assessment, professional discussion and questions and answers. It normally involves the learner going to an off-site location to have their practical skills and occupational knowledge assessed. All the practical skills needed to achieve a level 2 competence qualification are usually included in the practical assessment. The practical assessment is observed by a registered assessor. — for the "Experienced Worker Practical Assessment" in the construction industry
Any suitably qualified trainer can carry out the assessments and sign off each task; but only an RSGB Registered Assessor is empowered to sign off the final completion statement. — for amateur radio exams, note how the assessor "signs off" the candidate (this is also the phrase that's used in apprenticeships)

And in the context of written exams, consider this advert for volunteer assessors for an actuarial exam, and note the additional role of the "lead assessor", similar to "chief examiner" in other usages, while the more junior assessor is called the "assistant examiner" (indicating they did the grading but not setting the exam).

The Profession is looking to attract volunteers to help with the CA2 practical exam. This exam covers model documentation, analysis of method and outputs and the reporting of approach, results and conclusions. There are two roles available:

Lead assessor, which would involve:- delivering the two-day exam for 20 to 30 students (facilitating with a staff actuary on Day 1 and assisting students during the exam on Day 2), marking the exam assignments (up to 30 scripts per exam; timescale three to four weeks), attending the annual CA2 assessors' day.
CA2 assistant examiner, which will involve:- marking the exam assignments (up to 30 scripts per exam; timescale three to four weeks), attending the annual CA2 assessors' day


cant import distribution_identity.cer to keychain access

Question: im getting this same problem over and over again. im developing an app for the iphone and already imported my developer.cer to keychain access and it showed up in keychain acess in one of my keys. but later i make a distribuation provisioning profile and import it to xcode. it Has an error(see pic for details).
so i go to the apple provisioning portal and find my distribution certificate. i download it and go to keychain access and click File>Import Items...
I click on my distribution_identity.cer From my downloads folder and nothing happens. no error no nothing. but when i look into the "certificates" tab i see my distribution certificate. but its not in a key like the other. Please Help!!!!
Error in xCODE.
Answer: I had this exact same problem, and I got round it by revoking the Distribution Certificate and generating a new one. The instructions on how to do so are available when you click the button to generate a new one.
Obviously the downside to this is that if you have any Ad Hoc Provisioning Profiles, they will stop working and you will need to renew them and download them again.
Hope this works for you like it did for me!


Which combinations of python modeling libraries and solvers support logarithmic objective functions?

Question: As I understand it, if a modeling library (pyomo, amplpy, cvxpy, etc.) allows one to define a logarithmic objective function a solver may not support it. And even if a solver does support a logarithmic objective function then the modeling library may not support translation of the log function to the solver. So, which combinations of libraries and solvers support logarithmic objective functions?
Comment: For CVXPY see the EXP column in https://www.cvxpy.org/tutorial/advanced/index.html#choosing-a-solver
Comment: The [SCIP](https://www.scipopt.org/) solver handles nonlinear non-convex objective functions, albeit indirectly. If you have min. log(...), you would need to change the objective to min. z, with z <= log(...)

I think AMPL (and Pyomo as well? not sure) can use SCIP, but there are SCIP interfaces as well, using [Python](https://github.com/scipopt/PySCIPOpt), or [Java](https://github.com/scipopt/JSCIPOpt), or [Rust](https://github.com/scipopt/russcip), etc.
Answer: Assuming the model is convex, then you can easily state your problem on conic form using the exponential cone. The Mosek modeling cookbook discusses that topic.
Mosek has 2 different Python interfaces that allow you to specify conic optimization problems with exponential cones and other cone types.
Mosek can also be used from cvxpy and Pyomo to solve this class of problems.
AMPL support tells me that they support the exponential cone too.
If are you maximizing
$$
\ln{\prod x_j}
$$
then that corresponds to maximizing the geometric mean of the nonnegative variables i.e. maximizing
$$
\left ( \prod_{j=1}^n x_j \right )^{1/n}.
$$
This can be formulated using the power cone.
Comment: Yes @ErlingMOSEK maximizing / convex. Particular use case is $\max_{x_i \in \mathbb{R}_{++}} \sum_i \ln (x_i)$. So to summarize: cvxpy, Pyomo, and AMPL with Mosek support logarithmic objectives, right?
Comment: Yes. You can also use Mosek directly. The Fusion interface is quite nice IMO.
Comment: Accepting this answer for now. I hope to circle back and add a table of other solver/language combinations that support logarithmic objectives for reference.


How we can get the city of current user in sharePoint online

Question: Hi currently i am working on sharePoint online, Where i need to fetch the Current location (city) of the user and on the basis of that i want to get the temperature of that city. using JScript . Please help.
Comment: Are you managing user's location in Active Directory? Or you just mean the location from where users are browsing site?
Answer: You can use below code to get current location if:

User's browser supports HTML5 geolocation API; and
User allows to share his/her location to your Application
    function onLocationUpdate(location) {
        var lat = location.coords.latitude;
        var lng = location.coords.longitude;
        console.log("Current location: " + lat + " " + lng);
    }

    if(navigator.geolocation) {
        navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(onLocationUpdate);
    }
    else {
        console.log("navigator.geolocation is not available");
    }

As a fallback, you can use this API to get the Longitude and Latitude from user's IP address.
Once you've got the location, you can make a call to below API passing the Longitude and Latitude you've found:
http://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=<<Latitude>>&lon=<<Longitude>>&FcstType=json

You will get weather data in JSON format, which you can parse temperature data.
Answer: Try this SPServices method:
var thisUserID = $().SPServices.SPGetCurrentUser({
    fieldName: "Office",
    debug: false
});


wp-cron.php 403 Error only when CF proxy is on

Question: Since I added domain to CF (CloudFlare), and activated CF Proxy, I keep getting this kind of error:
"POST /wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1618321116.3875970840454101562500 HTTP/1.1" 403 - "https://test.coral.rs/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1618321116.3875970840454101562500" "WordPress/5.6.2; https://test.coral.rs"
As you can see wp-cron.php respond with 403, which is not the case when CF proxy is off.
Since then I have tried numerous solution: disabling all WP (WordPress) plugins, setting up default WP .htaccess file and whitelisting CF IP addresses.
Also, the specified call occurs only when accessing the site. It is not related to the wp-cron schedule, which takes place at a certain time.
Website is hosted on VPS instance with VestaCP panel. Doubting that some configuration on the server might be causing this problem, I made a copy of the website to different server (bare metal server), with cPanel environment, but this solution also did not helped.
I guess the problem is somewhere in WordPress itself, but I have a hard time finding it.
Any proposed solution from this community would be of great help.
Thank you in advance.
Miloš
Answer: I found the root of problem.
Some of developers has added this line in wp-config.php, and I don't know why. -_-
if (basename($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']) === 'wp-cron.php' && ($_SERVER['SERVER_ADDR'] !== $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
header('HTTP/1.0 403 Forbidden');
exit;


InDesign paragraph styles problem

Question: I'm typesetting a document in InDesign, copy/pasting from a TextEdit file that I copy/pasted into from a client-supplied PDF. Not sure if its the greatest workflow, but I collated all the text from the PDF into the TextEdit file because the PDF didn't have editable text, and so I could have all of the text in one place (and not use Word). I thought this would strip the text to as close as plain text as could be, so when I paste it into InDesign, I could apply a Paragraph style with no problems. But when I'm doing this, I'm getting colors that aren't even in the Paragraph style that I'm applying:

and the formatting seems to be almost random in different instances and I don't know why. I thought I could override whatever was going but no errors are showing up in the Paragraph styles panel in any of the cases:

So not sure what to do or why its doing that, and where purple is coming from when its nowhere in the style? Maybe missing something simple but I don't know what.
Comment: Dunno where it could come from, but it looks like there's a character style that is applied to your text, overriding the paragraph style settings. Check your character styles panel and delete the guilty ones
Comment: You could also try to have a look at InCopy.
Answer: I do this often for PDFs, but I use BBEdit rather than TextEdit to ensure I'm stripping all formatting. In fact, I'll even save a Word file as Plain Text to strip it's formatting.
I suspect TextEdit is using Rich Text not Plain Text and Rich Text can contain format settings such as color size, etc. You can alter the preferences for TextEdit to use Plain Text rather than Rich Text, at least when saving. I'm not 100% certain about when working in TextEdit.
I often find it easiest to.....

copy all the text
Paste into an InDesign text frame
Select all
Apply my already configured "general" paragraph style to it all (actually apply and "Clear Overrides")
Then go through changing styles as needed.

InDesign paragraph styles problem


Changing the torque and excitation in an alternator

Question: What is the effect of changing the input torque of an alternator with excitation kept constant? and what is the effect of changing its excitation with a constant torque?
Comment: How can you keep constant torque or change it? If your system can deliver constant torque, then it will spin the alternator until they will reach the equilibrium, means if no load is connected it will increase the speed to the infinity.
Answer: Ignoring losses...
excitation * speed * k = voltage
excitation * current * k = torque
where k is some constant (the same in each equation) dependent on the geometry of the alternator
It's not clear how you intend to 'increase torque' without specifying the characteristics of the load. To cut you some slack, let's assume the load is something for which we can easily see what will happen, something like a rectifier charging batteries with a substantially constant terminal voltage, accepting whatever charge current you throw at them. For a torque-limited driver, they will control the speed of the alternator by increasing the loading rapidly as the alternator voltage exceeds the battery voltage. In this case, increasing the torque will increase the charge current linearly with the torque, while the terminal voltage and alternator speed will change little. Other loads will behave differently.
Increasing the excitation is trickier to visualise, as the k constant rises. Other things being equal, increased excitation is like putting a gear-box on the shaft, reducing the speed and increasing the torque of the alternator. How the speed and load voltage reacts to that depends on the characteristics of the driver and the load.
If we multiply out to get power
mechanical power = speed * torque
electrical power = voltage * current
we can see that the excitation and the geometry constant have cancelled, and for no losses, input and output power are equal.
Comment: @Abdu: Your question doesn't make much sense. If you increase the input torque for a given load the speed will go up. The electrical output power will increase too until it balances the mechanical input.


Can ketones next to a nitrogen hetero atom tautomerise?

Question: I worry that the electronegative N will stabilise keto form so much that equilibrium will be so far towards keto it would be unreasonable to call the enolisiation process a factor
Answer: If I understand your question correctly, I think you're asking if an amide can enolize like a ketone.  The answer to that question is yes.

The enol content of most organic compounds is very low and special methods must be used to measure the enol content.  Perhaps the question becomes, "is there more or less enol content in an amide than in an ester, for example"?
We can draw resonance structures for an amide (or ester) showing that the nitrogen stabilizes the amide.  But above we also drew resonance structures showing how the nitrogen can also stabilize the enol.  We can draw similar structures for both an ester and its enol as well.  Although in the ester case we wind up putting a positive charge on oxygen in some of the resonance structures, so they might not count for as much as they do in the amide case - but both the starting ester and its enol would both be affected similarly.  So as a first approximation I might guess that the enol content in an ester and an amide would be similar.

Indeed the enol content in malonamide is similar to the enol content in diethyl malonate (see page 34 here)
Answer: With a nitrogen adjacent to a carbonyl moiety, the functional group is an amide, and the tautomer involving a $\ce{C=N}$ bond is called an imidic acid. The amide is usually vastly more stable and typically predominates by many orders of magnitude. This can be rationalized by several considerations. First, the two tautomers differ by the exchange of a $\ce{C=O}$ bond with a $\ce{C=N}$ bond and an $\ce{N-H}$ with an $\ce{O-H}$, but the $\ce{C=O}$ bond is particularly strong, making the amide enthalpically more stable. Second, if you consider the resonance structures (i.e., mesomers) available to the two respective tautomers, the amide has a contributing structure in which a negative formal charge is placed on the more electronegative oxygen atom, whereas the corresponding structure in the imidic acid has the charge placed on a less electronegative nitrogen atom. Granted, resonance is not a real physical process, but examination of these structures gives some idea of the distribution of electron density in the frontier orbitals, which too points to favorable increase in stability for the amide. You can apply similar logic to the case of tautomers involving a $\ce{C=C}$ bond, where the ultimate conclusion should be the same (and the difference in stability between tautomers even greater).
Comment: Greg, maybe I'm misunderstanding the question, but isn't the OP asking about enolization away from amide nitrogen?  In that case which tautomer has a C=N  double bond?


Why is Year-Over-Year (YOY) important?

Question: I have a question regarding Year-Over-Year (YOY) as I am really confused right now. Why is YOY important?
Comment: This is a really broad question. What is the specific place where you are seeing this term, and what are you trying to learn about?
Comment: Why do you think it might not be important? What would you look at instead?
Comment: This may be a American=English vs British-English difference, but I usually hear it as "Year on Year" (also abbreviated YoY).
Comment: "Year over year" **what**? The term describes a **method** of comparison. It is just as important to know **what quantity** is being compared from one year to the next.
Answer: Many business and economic metrics are seasonal - for example, many retailers make the majority of their revenue in the fourth quarter due to holiday sales. Many business make the majority of their revenue in summer months, or winter months (e.g. ski resorts).
So comparing one quarter or month to just the previous one is not always informative. It's often more informative to compare metrics to the same period in the prior year, to make sure that growth and other changes are not due to seasonality.
Comment: Just think about what it tells you that ski sales are up from June. The answer is: it tells you nothing.
Comment: "Same period in the prior year" is often tricky, since weekends and public holidays often change dates between years and can have a big influence on sales. E.G. The same month can have 4 or 5 weekends in different years, which is 25% difference if your sales mostly happens on weekends.
Answer: As Year-Over-Year(YOY) can compare each metrics that repeat on annual, quarterly, or monthly basis across the company's reporting requirements. One of the major reason when analyzing performance in any category. Moreover, it also offers an objective view of overall performance.
There are many reasons to consider YOY, some of them include, show you what works and what does not, assist you in obtaining investments, put seasonality in the proper context, supports you in identifying errors, and much more.

Why is Year-Over-Year (YOY) important?


How Ajax makes the data retrieval faster than Struts?

Question: I have worked with struts 1,2 for around an year. Now I need to work on DWR which is nothing but an easy way of using ajax.
So this question is about how ajax make the data retrieval from server very fast as compared to struts. I did surf thru many articles on net. I came up with this understanding that in case of struts complete forms/form data get submitted and after data retrieaval complete page gets loaded which is not the case with ajax.
What happens in ajax is we hit the required java class on server with the minimal data we need to send and after returning from server that particular ui element is refreshed which is main reason why it is faster.
Is it correct?
Answer: Yes, it is correct. AJAX allows loading only portions of a page.
It doesn't mean it's necessarily faster, though. If each click consists in making 5 requests to refresh 5 parts, there is a good chance a single request to refresh the wole page will be faster.
As always, AJAX is only a tool. If used badly, it won't lead to good results.
Answer: Well you have taken the whole concept wrong.there is no way to compare Struts or any other framework with Ajax.
Ajax is the way to load a small chunk of data from the server based on the user requirement.Ajax is being in to the market place to enhance the user experience so that we need not to refresh the page every time we want some part of the page to get changed.
On the other hand struts1/struts2 or any other MVC based framework (Spring MVC/Wicket) etc are there to build a complete web-application and you can take Ajax as a tool to enhance the user experience.
in short no need to compare two different things as they are both in place for different reasons


What would happen if you shot an F-16's fuel tank?

Question: Let's suppose you have a 20mm sniper rifle and shoot the internal fuel tank of an F-16 coming directly towards you. What would happen ?
Comment: A 20mm sniper rifle?  Well, you would need your shoulder reconstructed, if the F-16 flying into you didn't cause you significantly more damage than that.  And there would be a hole in the fuel tank.
Comment: Yes they exist Anzio 20mm and you can simply mount them on the balcony rails and connect stock of it to an hook on the roof (But it will hard again since mounting them doesnt eliminate shoulder pain...)
Comment: ... what is this supposed to accomplish? self sealing fuel tanks and generally godly damage control by the F-16's computers eliminates any critical damage caused by ripping through control surfaces. Just as @TomMcW says, if you were such a bad shot that you missed the fuel tanks and hit the pilot, I'm pretty sure you'd be the unluckiest and at the same time stupidest 'sniper' in the world. And you'd destroy the aircraft.
Answer: Depends on where it hit the airplane and what other systems were subsequently damaged.  A typical rifle bullet will cut through the aluminum structure of an aircraft like a knife through butter.  If it was a clean shot where the bullet penetrated the tank and exited the aircraft, hitting nothing else, it would result in minor damage and a small fuel leak, quickly sealed by the tank liner.  If the round hit major structural members on its path, this could structurally compromise the aircraft.  Most dangerous would be a hit where the bullet penetrated the tank, then exited and pierced the hot section of the engine.  This would allow hot exhaust gases to escape the engine and could easily cut into the fuel tanks like a blowtorch, causing internal fires and possibly the loss of the airframe.
Comment: I'd say most dangerous would be if the bullet penetrated the pilot
Comment: @TomMcW That thing REALLY happened, when Japanese attacked an another aircraft carrier, an US pilot ejected from his seat and shot the Japanese pilot Owen J. Baggett
And something like that will never happen again (Unless you are playing BF3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LrOIgxQ--Tc )
Comment: It's happened.  The majority of kills from WWI are a result of that.


Is there a Way to Align Camera to View and Fit the View?

Question: Pressing Ctrl Alt NumPad 0 causes the camera to teleport over and align itself to the current view in the 3D viewport.
However, it usually takes up only a small portion of the view, meaning that you have to move the camera back to fit the same view you had before. Is there a way to set the camera view to fill more of the 3D viewport when using this feature?
Comment: Do you mean that the camera is zoomed further in than you expected or that the camera has a large dark border surrounding it when in camera view?
Comment: Kinda both.  David's answer below does what I was wanting.  The camera zoom can be adjusted to match the viewport zoom by lowering the Focal Length from the Camera tab in the Properties Editor.  My goal was to be able to move my viewport view, then snap the camera to match that view without having to adjust anything else.  This I can now do now that I know that the zoom amount when in `NUMPAD 0`  camera view is remembered after leaving that view.
Answer: First hit NumPad 0 to enter camera view, then press Home so the camera fills the window. (On laptops or smaller keyboards: View ‣ Cameras ‣ Active Camera to switch to the camera view, and then View ‣ Cameras ‣ Frame Camera Bounds to get the FoV to fill the viewport.)
Now when you press Ctrl Alt NumPad 0 (View ‣ Align View ‣ Align Active Camera to View, or go to the camera view any other way) the camera will fill the screen.
If the camera is still not positing where you want it, then that means you are in Orthographic view. Hit NumPad 5 (View ‣ Perspective/Orthographic) to switch to perspective view, and the camera will match your view.
Comment: To make the camera view fit the window press **Home**
Comment: @cegaton excellent tip, will edit answer now.
Comment: is there an option for those of us without a numpad?
Comment: @jozxyqk From [the Blender manual](https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/latest/editors/3dview/navigate/camera_view.html#frame-camera-bounds), the `Home` key is a shortcut for the submenu option `View ‣ Cameras ‣ Frame Camera Bounds`.
Answer: After hitting CtrlAltNumpad 0 (and being disappointed by a cropped version of what you were expecting), select the camera (in the outliner panel), press G, then press the middle mouse button and move your mouse towards you. This will allow you to zoom out the camera little by moving the camera back in the correct direction.
When you are happy with the position, press the left mouse button or hit Enter to accept the change.
You can also pan and rotate the camera from this view without having to mess about with the camera object itself. See Dolly in the blender docs.
For a beginner the behaviour of CtrlAltNumpad 0 is really frustrating. It's a "feature" which IMO should be changed to take the camera focal length and the size of the current view into account.
Answer: Just select the object you want to view through and needs to be fit in the camera frame. Then go to View menu > Align View > Align Active Camera to Selected
Your object is full in camera view and can be rendered in full.
Comment: This does not solve the problem that the question is referring to: "Align Active Camera to Selected" does not mean that the camera view will match the viewport.
Comment: I dont have Numpad, so this was helpfull. first clicking "Align to Viewport" and then "Align to Selected" from the same dropdown menu
Answer:
and make sure the check the lock "camera to view" box on the right.


Can you patch your lawn using not the entire roll but pieces of it?

Question: I have small holes or gaps in my lawn because of squirrel work or because lawn died. Can I cut pieces from a roll and patch as needed ?
Answer: Absolutely, MiniMe!  Why do you have extra pieces of sod lying around?  Have you just recently installed sod?  No matter, I would throw the big piece over what you want to fix and first cut the edge if it is on the edge and then cut a chunk of the sod to easily cover the damaged parts... the size of whatever would take the place of a number of little holes all together. Don't worry about the exact damage make the damaged parts fit the sod you cut. Cut deeply enough to show through to the existing sod.  Cut the existing sod out using those cuts as guidelines, then pull it out and replace.  Larger pieces do better than teeny tiny pieces.
I've never seen lawn damaged by squirrels.  They are very careful about making their digging obvious to protect their stash.  I have seen peanut plants growing up in the lawn but that is no big deal.  What do you think caused death of lawn in spots?  Is this since the snow melted if you know what I am getting at?
Having chunks of sod around is so smart!  They last for months laid out on gravel and watered.  Send a picture of what you are doing.  Do you have a true sod knife?  Sure makes a difference.
Comment: Small holes in the ground like they are digging for something they berried there previously. It may be from raccoons also. Maybe I will take a picture tomorrow for the dead patches (practically gaps)
Comment: Raccoons, love those little poops.  Let's talk about a brilliant animal. When they kill a chicken, they surgically remove organs and other parts to organize them on the lawn or wherever.  In straight lines or grouped perfectly.  Certainly they are able to smell for squirrel stash. Just throw a scoop of soil in the holes to level the hole to the main surface and then fill  with a chunk of sod.  Seeding is really a silly exercise.  Hydroseeding makes sense.  Sod is the only way to go.


How can I prevent the iPad from getting my iPhone texts or calls?

Question: Updated my iPhone and iPad to IOS 8.0.2 and now when I get a text or phone call on the iPhone the message appears on my iPad. Can I undo or unlink this feature?
Answer: On the iPad simply go to 'setting', then 'messages', then slide 'iMessages' to off.  You will not receive texts from anyone.
Answer: for messages the solution is:
on iPhone - settings/messages
then text message forwarding.
you will see devices listed to receive your texts.
just toggle off which devices you don't want to receive you copy texts.
this wont affect i message, just all the other texts.
Answer: You need to go in to message settings on the iPad, then go to send and receive  and deselect your phone number.
Comment: This is the correct answer. Under "Send & Receive" you will actually see that this is the screen where you are signed in to iMessage with your iCloud account. Sign out. This is quite annoying, because in the overall Settings screen you already have spots to sign into and out of iTunes Store and iCloud, plus signing into iCloud under "Mail, Contacts, Calendars". This is now the 4th screen where you need to manage signing in to your Apple account.
Answer: In addition to changing the settings for messaging on the iPhone, you should go into settings on the iPad, go to facetime and turn off iPhone cellular calls.
Answer: For iMessage just tap Settings, then Messages, then simply move the slider button to stop iMessages from going to your iPad!


How to Specify outgoing HELO with sendmail?

Question: How do you specify the FQDN (Host and Domain Name) that a mail server presents itself as in HELO/EHLO when sending outgoing email with sendmail?
Answer: I added the following in sendmail.mc:
define(`confDOMAIN_NAME', `mail.foo.com')dnl

and then:
m4 sendmail.mc > sendmail.cf
service sendmail restart

I also verified that this worked with the email verifier service at http://www.port25.com/domainkeys/ (firstname.lastname@example.com). Neat service, you send it an email and it replies to the from header with information about your SPF, Domain Keys, etc...
Comment: Word of caution (perhaps common sense but I'll mention it anyway).  The value for `confDOMAIN_NAME` should NOT be an email domain.  Setting it to that will cause sendmail to reject messages because it thinks the mailboxes are (or should be) local.
Comment: mail.foo.com is it our domain name?
Comment: This is not directly related to the question, but for anyone that arrives here looking for info on how to prevent your `foo.localdomain` from showing up in email headers, try using the `MASQUERADE` functions to ensure your sent mail doesn't contain a local machine name in the headers. I got that from here (lines must be entered before any `MAILER` entries) https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/sendmail-masquerading-configuration-howto.html
Answer: For completeness - one can also use
define(confHELO_NAME,`something.not.the.same.as.the.domain.name')

if one needs more absolute control (e.g. in a freeb-bsd jail it may be
desirable to have the confDOMAIN_NAME and MASQUERADE_AS set very different
than the HELO/EHLO names.
Dw.
Answer: define(`confSMTP_LOGIN_MSG', `$j; $b')dnl

Also configure /etc/hosts file like below
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx           server server.yourdomain.com server
127.0.0.1                 server server.yourdomain.com server


How to get the scrolloff set by user in Lua for NeoVim?

Question: As title. I'm fixing a plugin and I need to know the scrolloff set by user.
Comment: @kadekai I think not everyone knows about this, and thus your words deserve points and should be put into an answer.
Answer: In vim, the options, as documented in :h option-list, are stored in a set of variables. VimL variables have different scopes (see :h variable-scope), but the variables that store the option values are named by prepending an ampersand to the option name: e.g., the variable for :h scrolloff is &scrolloff (see :h :let-&). One can set the option (:set scrolloff) through changing the value of this variable (:let &scrolloff = 0). Although there exists two ways to set an option (with :set <option> and :let &<option>), there is only one good way to read the current state of an option programmatically: to access the associated variable.
The Lua API in neovim exposes these option-variables through :h lua-vim-options. To access the default options provided by vim, one needs to access it through :h vim.o or :h vim.opt.
So for the OP question, the state of scrolloff can be checked using the following method:
if vim.o.scrolloff >= 1 then
  -- do something
end

Comment: @husB it was supposed to be merely an example. OP had to swap `1` with their required value. But changed it to your suggestion anyway. It makes more sense, in that it executes the block if scrolloff is active (Natural number). Thanks for the suggestion.
Comment: While I have no experience with lua, I believe the comparison should be `vim.o.scrolloff >= 1`?


How do you install a module in Lyx?

Question: How do you install a module in Lyx?
I find this site is not helpful enough:
http://wiki.lyx.org/Layouts/Modules
Comment: which module are you trying to install? exactly what error or problem do you get when trying to follow the instructions on that link?
Comment: I'm trying to install a longtables module.  I find LaTeX documents with longtables that compile well in Kile. But after being imported into Lyx they don't work properly.
Comment: When I follow the instructions on the link, Lyx appears completely unchanged.
Comment: I was trying to follow this website for the Longtable installation but there wasn't enough instruction there:
http://blog.oak-tree.us/index.php/2010/07/13/custom-lyx-modules
Answer: You can find an overview into what goes into installing a module at:
http://blog.oak-tree.us/index.php/2009/11/02/custom-lyx-nih
Here is the takehome, though:

Locate your LyX users directory. You can do this by clicking on Help -> About LyX. (If using a Mac, it is located under the Application menu.) It will usually be listed under the library directory in the About pane.
The user directory will have several folders. Look for one called "layouts" (as noted by the answer above). Copy your module folder into this folder.
Run the "Reconfigure" utility from the "Tools" menu. This will regenerate the lyxmodules.lst file. (In general it is not a good idea to edit this file by hand.)
Restart LyX. The new module will appear under "Modules" in the Document Settings window.
Comment: This seems to be the best way to go, but my experience is that step 3 did not include the module I added to the `layouts` folder in the `lyxmodules.lst` file.
Answer: Find the Lyx configuration directory (LCD), which will be .lyx on many installations.
Put your module in the layouts subdirectory of LCD.
Tell Lyx about your module by adding a line to the lyxmodules.lst file in the CFD, which has six strings.  I give an example in my answer to the How to create (1) a new Environment for LyX's Environment drop-down menu, (2) a new Text Style question.
Comment: Perfect thanks.  I honestly couldn't find that documented anywhere.
Comment: On some :-) installations, `layouts` will be `AppData\Local\Programs\LyX [version]\Resources\layouts`. But I believe this file can be created/updated from Lyx using the [document properties](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qEYlh.png). See [Can I change options of packages loaded by a Lyx module?](https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/318745/289991)

How do you install a module in Lyx?


No shadows with Eevee, no render with cycles

Question: This is my first time using blender in a very long time and I'm trying to make a render of a board game I'm working on. I believe I have everything set up correctly but when rendering with Eevee don't get any shadows, and when rendering with cycles I get a grey screen. I don't know what's wrong with the cycles rendering but I think there's some sort of global illumination affecting the shadows in the Eevee rendering. Thank you in advance!
Comment: I just donwloaded your file and switched the render engine to cycles, and the scene rendered fine.
Comment: there is definitely somethings strange about the scene settings, because in eevee, i deleted the light, and set the background color to black, and the scene was still fully illuminated.
Answer: I downloaded your file, and there's a shadow in both cycles and eevee. I could comment it but my rep is <50. You could try to copy paste all objects from this .blend file, to a newly created with default settings and check if it's ok
eevee:

cycles:
Comment: Thanks, ahahaha
Comment: Thank you, that fixed the lighting! When I try to render with cycles I still get grey screen. Any clue as to why?
Comment: Have you tried adding another camera? Set it as active and try to render


How can I share an external hard drive between a Mac and a PC?

Question: How should I format my hard drive for use on both a Mac and a PC?  Is there any way I can also use Time Machine with this drive?
Comment: As an extension to this question - Could a Mac and PC share an external hard drive at the same time? Or would it make more sense to network them?
Answer: I use NTFS-3G for the Mac and formatted the drive NTFS. This allows me to use it on both Windows and Mac and easily move between these machines.
You can use FAT32 but it does have a file size limitation of just under 4GB (232−1 bytes).
Comment: As long as you do the FAT32 format **from the Mac**, I've been able to successfully do up to 160GB as a single FAT32 partition, and have Windows, Mac and XBox 360 successfully read/write to it.
Comment: FAT32 also has a file size limitation of 4GB which is killer if you're doing video editing.
Answer: Formatting as FAT32 will let both your PC and your Mac read from and write to the disk.  If you plan to directly connect the disk to your Mac, Time Machine will only work on it if it's formatted as an HFS+ volume (which Windows can't read without installing some third-party HFS+ driver software).
Comment: Well crap - thanks for the answer... just not what I wanted to hear.
Answer: Format HFS+, use as time machine. On your Windows system, install non-free MacDrive and you can read it. http://www.mediafour.com/products/macdrive/
We do this here for some of the drives that arrive to us from external vendors that are all in HFS format (and some windows people need to read it).
Or, you can just share it from your Mac over your home LAN (not exactly that useful, but..)
Answer: You can format it with FAT32. Although i am not 100% sure, I think you cannot use a share drive as a Time Machine target disk and still put files on there from Windows.
Answer: If the drive is big enough, consider breaking it into two partitions. The first partition as FAT32/NTFS (use the NTFS-3G driver) and the second partition as HFS+ for use with Time Machine.
Pitfall is that you have to decide how big you want each partition to be and it's a bit of a pain (though not impossible) to change once set. Though at least if you chose NTFS you could keep a copy of the driver on the HFS+ partition so you could use it with any mac.
Answer: Go with HFS+.  Snow Leopard is including new Windows drivers for Boot Camp that include read & possibly write support for HFS+ volumes in Windows.


Does the Empire possess classes of ship between fighters and Star Destroyer?

Question: In real life, carriers and battleships are usually surrounded by destroyers, submarines, cruisers etc.  In Star Wars movies, the rebels have a wide variety of ships of various sizes, while the Empire just has its gigantic Star Destroyers.  In canon/Legends, did the Empire have classes of non-fighter/shuttle ships other than the Star Destroyers?
Comment: Hundreds; https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Category:Galactic_Empire_starship_classes
Answer: Update
In The Mandalorian Moff Gideon also uses an Imperial Light Cruiser.

Original
There are, though not much in the live action films. Most of these are seen in Star Wars: Rebels. Since it takes place well after the Empire has been established.
Imperial Light Cruiser (as seen in Star Wars: Rebels)

Imperial Interdictor (as seen in Star Wars: Rebels)

Imperial Listener Ship (as seen in Star Wars: Rebels)

And certainly more.
Comment: also transport ships like the Gozanti class (which seems like the listener ship is based off of)
Comment: Acclamators were still used as well, though mostly for transportation.  There's also the Carrion Spike, but that wasn't really a line of ships.
Answer: They do, though we don't see them in the movies. In the Expanded Universe (books, comics, video games, etc.), they have shuttles for carrying troops, patrol craft that are smaller and more maneuverable than Star Destroyers, and several types of carriers, frigates, and Dreadnaughts.
There are also several kinds of Star Destroyer, including smaller classes that originally came from the Clone Wars (prequel) era, and a few specialized types, like Interdictor cruisers, which project gravity well beams. These beams can prevent enemy ships from going into hyperspace.
For a full list, I'd recommend looking them up on Wookieepedia. Most of these haven't been seen in the films themselves, but they are a part of the Expanded Universe, and plenty of creativity has gone into creating them. I don't know how much of a separation there is between the Expanded Universe ships and the new canon ones, but both are available on Wookieepedia.
Answer: The "Lambda-class shuttle" is seen in Return of the Jedi.

Both the Empire and Darth Vader use the Lambda shuttles to travel
between Imperial capital ships and the Death Star.

Source: Den of Geek, 25 Best Star Wars Spaceships
A clip from the film follows
Answer: In the Pre-disney expanded universe the Imperial Navy exploited a variety of ships. HOwever the empire Favored Star Destroyers for their intimidation. But the immense cost and logistcal burden forced them to adopt cheaper ships in outer rim worlds...

Vindicator class cruiser: A 600 meter light (destroyer shaped) cruiser
dreadnought class heavy cruiser: used in the famous Katana Fleet
KDB-1, Broadside class missile cruiser (Game: Empire at war)
Answer: They had many other kinds of ships including Interdictor Cruisers, Arquitens-class Light Cruisers, Dreadnought-class Heavy Cruisers, and Gozanti-class Cruisers.
Comment: Can you offer any evidence of the existence of these ships?


Putting interfaces in one interface

Question: A noob question: is it possible or a good practice to put interfaces into one master interface such that all contracts in a DApp only import one interface?
Answer: It is possible for an interface to inherit from multiple interfaces in Solidity.
Is it good practice? It depends. See SOLID. Sometimes these principles are negligible though in the dApp development because of gas optimization and other restrictions such as a limit on the amount of bytecode, but as Solidity is object(contract)-oriented you may find these principles useful.
Comment: Thanks for the answer. Putting all into one is one possible solution I had in mind. I was also wondering if there is a better practice of interface management. Imagine importing and declaring 10+ interfaces (may not be a lot), this is a little component that takes disproportional amount of effort to manage.

Putting interfaces in one interface


is it possible to delegate file srv and print srv managing to other users in windows 2008 R2 without giving them full admin rights?

Question: we have some field service guys that work locally for some of our customers, we want to transfer the tasks of managing file servers and print servers to them. first we Thought about giving them local admin access, but it is not very secure. so my question is can we delegate file srv and print srv managing (create sharings/install printers/assign and change permissions ) to other users in windows 2008 R2 without giving them full admin rights?
Answer: Yes, but it is far more complicated than making them a local admin. It's also tricky to split out "printer install" rights from "install rights" in general.
You can use software like SuRun or Privilege Manager (Dell / ScriptLogic) to work like sudo in *nix - you can specify specific programs that can be elevated to admin, or you can edit ACLs for users etc... You can also use scripts in something like AutoIT to embed admin credentials for running programs without sharing those with the end user (when compiled to an exe).
Changing permissions is just part of the ACL, you give their security group "Full Control" over those folders / files and they can edit permissions, but they can even remove their own permissions to change settings.


Does probability really matter when we are dealing with a single trial?

Question: I understand the idea that if a random experiment is conducted N times and the probability of an event E is P(E) then the number of times event E will occur is close to P(E)*N. However, is the value of P(E) useful when N=1? For example, if the weather forecast predicts that the chances of not raining today is 95%, there will still be 5% chance that it will rain. It may be unlikely that it will rain, but it is possible. So does this probability help us in any way? Should we take an umbrella when we go out?
Comment: Do you think it is a mathematical question? It sounds more appropriate in other disciplines.
Comment: I think the problem is that you're considering the very simple act of taking or not taking an umbrella with you when going out - it really doesn't matter as it is a minor nuisance at worst.
However, think about higher cost situations such as planning a trip to the beach or a whole event in the open (say, a picnic). If you will spend time and money planning, buying groceries, packing etc, you really try to pick a day where the chance of raining is lowest.
Comment: @Taroccoesbrocco this is not a math question; but the probability theory in the most general sense is not math too (to be more precise, not *only* math).
Comment: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_interpretations, https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~stark/Preprints/611.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunrise_problem
Comment: Probability was "invented" to deal with fair division of money resulting from an interrupted game of chance, so in that case I'd say yes, probability can be useful in "dealing with a single trial".
Answer: Probabilities are quantitative means to reason and make decisions about uncertain facts (i.e. for small N - for large N the CLT restores certainty).
Assume that carrying your umbrella when it doesn't rain causes a discomfort that you rate as 1 on a 0 to 10 scale, while missing your umbrella when it rains is rated 9.
What decision will you make if the odds of a rain today are 5% ?

expected cost of taking the umbrella: 1 x 0.95 = 0.95 ,
expected cost of leaving the umbrella: 9 x 0.05 = 0.45 .

You conclude.
Answer: To expand on Yves Daoust answer, the expected number of times it will rain is 0.95.  Clearly this is nonsensical, as it will either rain or it will not.  It seems like it should be either be $1$ or $0$.  But this is not what we mean when we say expected value.  We mean to say that if we performed the action, in this case seeing whether or not it would rain, an arbitrarily large number of times, what's the average number of days that rain.  Even though we can be certain that it will not rain 0.95 out of the next 1 day, we can use this to decide what to do.  Which way would you rather be wrong?  Would you rather lug an umbrella around all day and not need it, on the tiny off-chance it doesn't rain, or leave it when you need it, an almost certainty.
Comment: I think everyone is getting too attached to the example. The umbrella situation was just an interesting way to  the present the problem. The main question was that whether or not probability should affect our decisions when 0<P(E)<1 and N=1 (P(E) is the probability of the event we are interested in and N is the number of trials).
Answer: Yes, probability does matter when dealing with a single trial. Probability is (or can be interpreted as) a "subjective" measure of confidence that some event will or will not happen.
It is this confidence $P$, to which you assign a numerical value, that then enters in an expected-value calculation as in  Yves Daoust's answer. The question of what actions to choose given uncertain (probabilistic) information is the central subject of decision theory.
Answer: Leaving aside the fact that evolution somehow modeled our brains to take decisions using some concept that we could relate to probability, I'll turn your question upside down.
You (well, me too) feel relatively comfortable with the notion of probability as a limit of relative frequencies of occurrence of certain result for a random experiment that may be reproduced an infinity number of times in the same conditions (which is quite a lot to assume).
Now suppose we're gonna do the experiment of throwing a fair coin a hundred times and we'll count the number of heads, say $X$. Then we'll check whether $X\in [40,60]$ (in which case you win) or not (you loose).
We know (by exact calculations, or using the Central Limit Theorem, or whatever) that $P(40\le X\le 60)\approx 0.954$. From the frequentist point of view, yes: if we repeat the whole experiment a lot of times, we 'expect' (whatever that means) that more or less 95% of the times you'll win.
But what if you had only one chance in your lifetime to play this game? Assume also that there were bets implicated: certainly that $0.0456$ probability will enter in the equation of what is reasonable to bet in relation to what you could win, and if your bet is risky enough suddenly that 4.6% won't seem that neglectable.
And we could go on. What's the probability that if you play the same game 50 times you'll win more than 45? What does that number mean if you won't play again after those 50 games... and so on.
I've been thinking about this for some time and your very interesting (and apparently non-mathematical) question made me want to put it in the written. But the fact is that suddenly those different interpretations of the probability don't seem to me so different —even less opposed—, but I find them somehow complementary.


write data from serial port to printer

Question: I currently am running a command in tty1 on Ubuntu 10.04 to print SMDR data from my phone system.  Problem is that the phone system automatically adds a CR and LF (I think) in to the end of the data it sends.
The output should look like this

Data line 1   Data line 2  Data line 3  etc.

It instead looks like this

Data line 1
Data line 2
Data line 3
etc.

I don't want the print to do this.  I currently have the command cat /dev/ttyS0 > /dev/lp0 running
Is there a command that can stop this from happening ?
Essentially, I want to continually echo ttyS0 to lp0.
Answer: You can do it with tr:
cat file_1 | tr -d "\r" > file_2

write data from serial port to printer


What is the minimum age for publishing an audiobook on ACX?

Question: I am looking to publish an audiobook on ACX, and I am 13 years old. Is there any age restriction on publishing an audiobook on ACX? For example, during registration, it asks me if I hold a US tax ID for the payments from ACX.
Answer: You must be 18 to publish on ACX.
But you can probably convince a parent/guardian to publish for you.
Amazon will also publish audiobooks, but you will still need a parent/guardian to publish for you since you are under 18.
Comment: How about having a fake author's name, like for ex. Jim Brown? How would that work?
Comment: First off: don't make fake IDs just to publish a book. I don't think that's what you're referring to, but in case it is, don't. But if you just want a pen name/pseudonym, you would probably put that in when it asks for pen name or something. Don't put in the pen name when it asks for your real name. I haven't used ACX, so I don't know what the publishing form looks like.
Comment: Oh, oh-oh, yea, I meant pen name. I didn't know what a pen name was once; then I searched it up. Thank you!
Answer: There are pretty good reasons for most age restrictions.
In creating a book, an author cannot help but reveal a great deal about their personal worldview, their values, their beliefs and their dreams.   At such a young age, most of that internal landscape is still evolving.  The next five years of your life may include massive changes to any or all of those elements and the sum of those changes may leave you far from the person you currently are.
In publishing a book today, you may permanently associate your name, your pen-name and your talent, with enthusiasms and values which some future you might not share.  If you are fortunate enough to succeed in earning a large following, that future you may resent being typecast by the words you've crafted today.
That you are already writing is spectacular!  If you keep it up and keep refining your abilities, you will have a major advantage over your peers when you all finally reach legal publishing age.  And more importantly, you will have five years of accumulated works, all meticulously reviewed, edited and finalized, ready all at once.
As a reader, compare the difference in experience between reading a trilogy in series over reading the first book of a trilogy and then waiting for years (or forever) for the second book.  Use the next five years to create a complete trilogy (or several) so that you can give your readers that complete trilogy experience on day one.
Above all else, Keep Writing!
Answer: 18 (or the legal age of majority) is the minimum. Minors aren't able to enter contracts, which is required for publishing.
There are a number of steps required for publishing, and the first is opening an account: "To open an account on ACX, you must be a resident of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada or the Republic of Ireland and be at least 18 years old or the legal age of majority in the jurisdiction in which you reside."
I believe you can have your parent/guardian get your book published as an audiobook for you by giving them the "Authority to Enter into this Agreement". Still, I suggest contacting ACX support to ensure there are no legal problems.


Average Power Versus Real Power

Question: I know that real power is the power consumed by the circuit. But what about average power? Are they the same?
Answer: In a steady-state circuit, if you average the "instantaneous power" over a cycle, you get "real power"... so yes, they are the same.

Furthermore, this is how power meters work, to show what the real power consumed. They average the instantaneous voltage and current (vectors) over a few seconds.
If you know what power factor is, see this answer for more details:
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/50034/16096
edit:
unless you are taking about some appliance like an air conditioner.. whose power consumption changes as it turns on and off.. then the "average power" would be averaged over the day
Comment: Its not the only way! Microwave power measurements can be taken by measureing the heating effect https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolometer thus measuring true delivered power
Answer: A few examples of V x I and the power waveforms they produce: -

Average power x time (i.e. watt seconds or kWh) is what you are billed on.
You could call real power average power if you want or you could use it to refer to the waveshape of v*i.
Answer: So real power or complex power?
I believe it is a matter of representation of physical quantities, not of physical quantities themselves.
E.g. take voltage or current: they are scalar real quantities.
Then it has been found that using Steinmetz's transform to turn them into complex numbers makes calculations on steady-state sinusoidal quantities easier.
But a complex number is a mathematical abstraction, just even thinking of an imaginary voltage somewhere in a real circuit is totally nonsense.
Though at the end of complex calculation we can return back from representation domain to real physical quantities, get our scope and check them on real circuit.
So real scalar quantities, their complex representation which more generally can be just about anything as long as it is reversible not loosing any of the initial  information and back to real life.
This is the round trip which is by the way quite common in engineering (e.g. Laplace, Fourier...)
The same may be applied to power:
In the real world (whatever it means) we have instantaneous power which is a real scalar.
Then using the same complex representation above it can be shown that multiplying voltage by conjugate current we get a complex representation S of power such as its real part P is mean power (real one) while Q, the imaginary one is reactive.
$$
S=VI^*\quad P=\text{Re}\{S\}\quad Q=\text{Im}\{S\}
$$
Again we have gone from physical quantities, complex representation and back to real.
Comment: Please don't have _discussions_ in an _answer_. Keep it to the comments.
Comment: Sorry I tried but was too long to fit in comments. And anyway I believe it is relevant to the question, just in case I could remove recall to N.G.near
Comment: Yes, I'm sure this _answer_ is fine - I just don't want to see back-and-forth discussions between users in the answer field. It's problematic in a couple of ways.

Average Power Versus Real Power


What are all the different categories of weapons and what upgrades are available for them?

Question: In Mass Effect 2, weapons fell into six categories:

Assault Rifles
Shotguns
Sniper Rifles
Submachine Guns
Heavy Pistols
Heavy Weapons

Are these types the same in Mass Effect 3? Are there new weapon types?
Also, upgrades in Mass Effect 2 are not weapon-specific modifications. Instead, the player obtains upgrades through research which apply across an entire weapon type. For example, an Assault Rifle Damage upgrade will boost the damage output of all assault rifles that the player owns, not just a specific model.
Does this research oriented system exist in ME3 or are they only weapon specific?
Answer: The 5 basic weapon categories(Rifle, Sniper, Sub, Pistol, and Shotgun) are unchanged, but you get a lot more of each of them.  You can now carry one of each of them provided you have enough carry capacity.
Heavy weapons are still around, but they are temporary pickups in certain missions.
They dropped the weapon research mechanism as it worked in ME2.
Now each weapon has two upgrade slots similar to ME1, but much more streamlined. You can also upgrade each weapon individually. I.E. Upgrade a Mantis I to a Mantis II to get slight stat bonuses.  This can all be done from the Shuttle Bay on the Normandy.
Answer: The weapon types are the same as they were in ME2, however you can freely choose which types to take on any given mission, and heavy weapons can only be picked up in the world. Switching to a different weapon will drop the heavy weapon at your feet.
There are some research bonuses available as intel found throughout the game, but they are very general (+5% weapon damage, +5% shield strength, etc). You can also upgrade a specific weapon, slightly improving its characteristic, in the Normandy's shuttle bay.


magento price cart rule buy 2 items from same category get 1 free

Question: I want to give discount to my customer, if they buy 3 items from category 8 (panty) they'll get the third one free.  So if the system detect there is 3 (panties) in the cart the third or cheapest one will be free.  how to setup the condition to achieve the result
Answer: It is impossible to do out of the box in Magento. Out of the box, Magento only allows BOGO discounts on the same items. That is, you can set up a rule that discounts the third exact same product in the customer's cart.
To set up a BOGO cart rule for products from the same category, you need a third party extension. One of the extensions that implement this functionality is Additional Promotions.
Disclaimer: I am the CEO of the company that developed this extension.


Model-Glue Beginner Question

Question: I have Model-Glue (& ColdSpring) running in my wwwroot under my project. The problem I have is when I broadcast a message to call a method in my Controller, what happens is another method of the same name in a different folder(different project) gets called. How do i prevent this from happening?
Answer: in your coldspring config, set the debug value to true; reload your app; look at the big table of stuff that gets spit out at the bottom of your page. That'll tell you what ModelGlue is doing. It's very helpful for diagnosing behavior such as you describe.
Comment: This seemed to work perfectly. I traced the problem and sovled it, Thanks!
Answer: It may be caused by some copy and paste mistakes.
Do a search on the message you just broadcast, and see if there are more than 1 controllers handling/responding to the message.  Should be inside <message-listener>...</message-listener>.

Model-Glue Beginner Question


Why isn't WebM video supported out of the box?

Question: Ubuntu can't include non-free codecs, but has had the ability to play Ogg Theora and Vorbis files out-of-the-box for years because they're open source. Now that WebM is such a popular, free alternative to H.264, why isn't support included by default?
Comment: It works in Firefox because of HTML5, but not with any non-Web browser application, like Totem. Most day-to-day users wouldn't think to open a movie with a web browser, they would just expect it to work with the default movie player.
Comment: webm video works out of the box in firefox. What problem are you having exactly ?
Comment: @NathanDyer: it works in Firefox because Firefox natively supports it.
Answer: Webm has to first be supported out the box in the correct gstreamer packages before it can be supported in Ubuntu out the box. The main reason it is not included as yet is because it is a rather "recent" format and code for supporting it is still a bit fresh.
You would have to wait for gstreamer to support it as part of their default set, since at the moment it's still a bit "experimental" in gstreamer.