Use primary or extended partition for external USB hard drive?

Question: If I just want my external hard drive for storing data, is it wrong to be partitioned as primary, NOT as extended? Why?
Answer: There's nothing wrong at all with having the disk partitioned as a single primary partition, or with up to 4 primary
partitions. Extended partitions are usually only used to overcome the limitation on having only 4 primary partitions
dictated by the structure of the partition table in the Master Boot Record. Extended partitions are containers, and
 always contain one or more Logical partitions. Simplicity is always better, in my view. For some detailed info on
extended partitions, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning#Extended_partition.
Answer: I think a primary hard drive typically contains the OS or system files. an extended drive is for data. If this doesn't help let me know what you're exactly using it for (other than "storing data" which is what all hard drive do I suppose) and what system you're using if you need help setting it up
Comment: I'll be grateful, "storing Data" I mean no OS will be there to boot with...I assume to format it as ext3/primary (my OS is Linux) will it be wrong or cause any problems??
Comment: will it cause problems... I don't believe so, assuming that grub or whatever your bootloader is will find the true OS. as is, it is convention and highly recommended to format as extended. a nice step by step guide can be found here: http://www.ehow.com/how_1000631_hard-drive-linux.html
Answer: What partitioning software are you using? Assuming, that the aforementioned are partition types - then yes, it's fine to just create primary partitions on that drive. This will limit you to 4 partitions on a DOS partition table in contrast to an ability to use more with an extension.


How can i see whether my Restricted Boltzmann Machine learnt proper or not

Question: I am training Restricted Boltzmann MAchine with MNIST Datasets. As per my understanding if it can reconstruct input proper then i will say it learnt. But, when i use Persistent Contrastive Divergence, it will not reconstruct proper because positive and negative phase samples doesnot match. In this case, how i will find, it learnt or not?
Answer: Even when use Persistent Contrastive Divergence, the RBM will be able to reconstruct its input. If it is not the case, you may have a problem in your implementation of PCD.
You should know that the reconstruction error rate is not a very good proxy of Log-Likelihood for PCD. If you use it to monitor the progress of the training, you should consider using the pseudo likelihood.


Tensorflow is deprecated and will be removed in a future version

Question: I'm working on a text analytics project and encountered this issue. I'm relatively new to this and will need some assistance.
WARNING:tensorflow:From /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/op_def_library.py:263: colocate_with (from tensorflow.python.framework.ops) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Colocations handled automatically by placer.
2019-05-18 14:05:27.509979: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:141] Your CPU supports instructions that this TensorFlow binary was not compiled to use: AVX2 FMA
2019-05-18 14:05:27.519894: I tensorflow/core/platform/profile_utils/cpu_utils.cc:94] CPU Frequency: 2300000000 Hz
2019-05-18 14:05:27.520162: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:150] XLA service 0x55fb48e438f0 executing computations on platform Host. Devices:
2019-05-18 14:05:27.520203: I tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/service.cc:158]   StreamExecutor device (0): <undefined>, <undefined>
2019-05-18 14:05:27.520514: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_util.cc:71] Creating new thread pool with default inter op setting: 2. Tune using inter_op_parallelism_threads for best performance.

WARNING: The TensorFlow contrib module will not be included in TensorFlow 2.0.
For more information, please see:
  * https://github.com/tensorflow/community/blob/master/rfcs/20180907-contrib-sunset.md
  * https://github.com/tensorflow/addons
If you depend on functionality not listed there, please file an issue.

Answer: You could use:
import tensorflow as tf
tf.logging.set_verbosity(tf.logging.ERROR)
in order to clear the warnings.


Why can't music recognition services like Shazam or SoundHound recognize music if its speed is changed by more than 5 percent?

Question: Music services like Shazam and SoundHound take an audio sample from your microphone and compare it to its database to recognize music. This algorithm works very well under high noise, unequal frequency bins, and even a simple hum or whistle to the music. However, if you change the song's pitch or speed by more than 5%, the algorithm cannot detect the song at all. A 5% change is very small and not even that noticeable, yet it completely fools the music detection algorithm. Why is this? Is it due to the different speed/pitch missing the targets in the audio fingerprint?
Comment: Most people like to listen to music with a relative velocity of less than 35mph to the band
Comment: "Very small and not even noticeable" on the contrary, I'd say it's very large and utterly noticeable. A 5% off-pitch song sounds wrong. And to answer your question: quite obviously, both temporal and frequency features of the song are used for detection, so you can't mess with these.
Comment: A 5% increase from A440 would be 0.84 semitones (84% of a semitone) since (462−440)÷(466−440)=0.84
Comment: Using an A tone of $440Hz$,a 5% difference in pitch means $\pm 22Hz$.Let's go with the positive sign,so 462Hz.The ratio between two successive tones(A,A#) is ~1.05946309.This means that if A=440Hz then A#=~466.16376151.Therefore,5% of difference in pitch is 462/466.16376151~99.1% of a semitone.A considerable difference. You can assume that pitch alteration will act uniformly and linearly, therefore resulting in the same pointcloud of features but slightly contracted (or dilated) to further report that it is song XYZ, altered by 5% in pitch.
Comment: These programs all use signal processing tools, and one of the easiest (and most important) aspects to isolate for most songs is probably the beat - by its nature it is one of the most detectable aspects of a song, and can be detected almost regardless of background noise (within reason). Further, most songs stay at one beat, and it is a big differentiator because there is such a wide variety of beats.

And, finally, it is rare that anyone would want to identify a song that is at the wrong pace. Maybe a live band plays it faster for fun - but then the audience knows the song already.
Answer: this is a guess from someone who does audio, but has never ever done recognition nor watermarking algorithms for someone in the industry (but i have a little idea how they may be done).
my guess is that they extract some features from the STFT of the music.  associated with each feature is an envelope that represents the quantity of that feature at the center window time of the STFT.
the collection of those envelopes can be thought of as a point in a metric space.  if you have a metric space, you can define a difference function
$$ \| \mathbf{X} - \mathbf{X}_n \| $$
between those of any pair.
then they compare the test envelope, $\mathbf{X}$, with each template, $\mathbf{X}_n$, of a set that come from the original targets (the copyrighted songs they're fishing for).  there is a norm taken of the difference between these points in a metric space, between the collection of envelopes taken from the test sound and the template.  if the norm is below a given threshold and if the norm is the minimum compared to all of the templates, then the song of that best matching template is identified as matching the input or test sound.
now if the pitch is wrong it won't match as good.  but they could make their difference algorithm insensitive to a constant offset to pitch.  it's like running the difference signal through a DC blocking filter before calculating the norm of it.  but they would have to do that, otherwise a constant pitch difference between test tune and target will always be an error.
and they could match a tempo difference, but that is much harder.  if memory and computational effort is not a problem (and they often are not for non-realtime applications running on a GHz-speed computer or server) then there could be a template for each of many speeds.  and see which one matches best.  but if these other tempo templates do not exist, and you submit a tune that does not exactly match a template of it at the original speed, then at some point in the tune or song, the pitches will not match at all.  that will make a dumb algorithm think they're different tunes.
Answer: The actual classifiers used in these music services are proprietary intellectual property and anyone who knows the exact features is not likely to divulge that information.
Classifiers depend on features that are separable. The obvious answer to your question is the features that are used are sensitive to frequency shift.
I also suspect that there isn't a business case for Doppler shifted music, so this is probably not a problem that requires a solution.
I've used Sound hound and am very impressed with it.
I recall that back in the early 1990's that the music publishers was trying to automate song recognition for the purpose of calculating royalties of songs played on radio stations. This is an area that has some maturity.
Comment: You mean SoundHound, not Sound Dog?


Subjunctive Mood in Questions

Question: Perhaps I am overlooking the obvious, but I cannot find an answer to this question: if the subjunctive is used to express uncertainty, why is every question in Spanish not in the subjunctive, as the uncertainty is inherent until the question is answered?
Comment: Actually, I think the way, we spaniards, compose Questions... and it completely relies on your intonation XD, the subjunctive, as @guifa sais, is rarely used nowadays.
Answer: The subjunctive is used in modern Spanish virtually exclusively in subordinate clauses.1  For this reason, the main clause of any question is in the indicative.
However, what you're thinking about does come into play with certain types of questions where subjunctive would not be allowed in the declarative counterpart:

¿Crees que exista Dios?
— Sí, creo que existe.
— No, no creo que exista.

This is because at the moment of uttering, we don't yet know whether you believe it or not.  Now, compare this to a similar question

¿Crees que existe Dios?

The difference is that we're not asking if you do or do not believe in God, so much as questioning the whole statement and analogous to English's "You believe in God?" (compared to the first one that is the more canonical "Do you believe in God?").

1. In the Spanish of not that long ago, the subjunctive could be used much more freely on its own.  Nowadays, that use is almost entirely relegated to exhortative commands (¡Coma Vd.!, ¡Comamos!) and all other uses are generally preceded with a que: que sea fácil el exámen which emphasizes the subordinate structure, versus older sea fácil el exámen.
Comment: This is great stuff. Can anyone suggest more places to learn about subjunctive? It is a real challenge for us native English speakers since we don't have an equivalent to the subjunctive (that I know of).
Comment: @ChuckKrutsinger If I were you (see what I did there?), I'd go with the basic rules and then pay very close attention to what native speakers use.  It's difficult to lay out every single situation in which you'd use it because the time frame (past vs present), sentence type (interrogative vs declarative) and verb meaning (decir=contar vs decir=mandar) can affect usage.  Be that (see what I did there?) as it may, once you start seeing enough situations that catch your attention as not following the base-line rules, you can begin internalizing the concept, which is ultimately easier than rules.
Comment: Yes, I see what you did. That use of subjunctive I think I have a grasp on, e.g. si fuera posible... The more challenging usage for me is remembering to use it when in doubt, when trying to influence, and other situations where I don't think we have such a thing in English.

Subjunctive Mood in Questions


"Guten [name]" as a greeting in an email

Question: I received an email with the greeting

Guten [my name]

I know that Guten generally means good, but I've never seen it before a name; usually it is Guten Morgen for example. Can you please tell me what it means when used before a first name?
Comment: Nothing - Just means the sender forgot the time of day ;)
Comment: @tofro why isn't that an answer?
Comment: Es könnte auch "Gute Kalia" gewollt worden sein.
Comment: As addressing, it is somewhat outdated since "Guter Mond, du gehst so stille", a famous song from 1800.
Comment: If the sender is not a German native speaker: It could be an attempt of a direct one-to-one translation of доброе which is the short greeting for instance in Russia.
Answer: Using "Guten" before a name is always wrong, if "Gute(r)" ist not part of the name - and I don't know a name where it is*.
"Gute [female name]" or "Guter [male name]" is correct and could be used as a greeting, but it sounds strange, so hardly anybody will seriously do so.
A commonly used German greeting among friends is "Liebe(r) [name]".
*) Historically important people sometimes have bynames, for instance "der Alte Fritz".
There could be - theoretically - also someone "Good". I know "den Guten Heinrich", but this is some sort of spinach :-)
Comment: What works (or rather: used to work) is superlative here: "Bester Friederich"
Answer: You can not use "Guten" like that. Most probably, the email you received was badly translated by some software.
Examples of how to usually adress people in letters or emails include (with increasing level of formality)

Hallo first name,
  Liebe(r) first name
  Liebe(r) Herr/Frau last name
  Sehr geehrte(r) Herr/Frau last name

Of course it is also possible in emails to use

Guten Abend ...
  Guten Morgen ...
  Guten Tag ...
  ...

as eMails are considered sort of "real-time". You'd not use that in letters, as they take longer to deliver.
There is a very old way of adressing people using "Gute(r)", but that's so outdated nobody would ever use it today**.

Guter Mann, könntet ihr mir sagen ...
  Guter Onkel, ...
  Meine gute Mutter ...

** In prayers, "Guter Gott" might still be used today.
Answer: This is not realy a german greeting form for correspondence. The formal regards are "Mit besten Grüßen" or "Mit freundlichen Grüßen".
Not formal like "Mit besten Grüßen" is something like "Ihr [Name]" or "Deine [Name]". First form is for persons that you called by her family name.
In German:
Das ist nicht wirklich eine deutsche Grußformel in der Korrespondenz. Die formalen Grußformeln sind "Mit besten Grüßen" oder "Mit freundlichen Grüßen".
Nicht formal, wie "Mit besten Grüßen" ist irgendetwas wie "Ihr [Name]" oder "Deine [Name]". Die erstere Form ist für Leute, die man nicht Siezt.
Comment: I think the OP has meant the greeting at the beginning of the e-mail not at the end.
Comment: Yes thank you exactly, it was a greeting in the beginning. "Guten xxx,

“Guten [name]” as a greeting in an email


Detailed proof that $\circ_i$ operads are the same as operads

Question: The original definition of operads involves maps
$$ \gamma\colon C(n) \times \prod_{i=1}^n C(k_i) \to C(\sum_ik_i) $$
There is an alternative definition in terms of maps
$$ \circ_i \colon C(n) \times C(m) \to C(n+m-1). $$
It is not hard to outline an argument that the two definitions are equivalent (subject to some assumptions about $C(0)$ and $C(1)$; various choices of details are possible).  Have the details been spelled out carefully somewhere?  I have seen this called an "observation", but that seems a little blasé to me.
Comment: I put a proof in one of my papers, but the referee told me to take it out.
Comment: @GregoryArone If you still have the draft of that paper you could copy-paste that proof here as an answer and finally get it out in the open. (A reference to a MO post is better than nothing...)
Comment: Phil Hackney just mentioned that they are not equivalent if $C(1)$ is not the unit of the monoidal structure. Maybe that is relevant?
Comment: I've seen it in the Ginzburg & Kapranov [Koszul duality paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/0709.1228v1.pdf). Not making this an answer since I am not sure what is your rigor standard :D (The paper has a subsequent [erratum](https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.dmj/1077245862#ui-tabs-1) but it concerns a different place)
Comment: @SeanTilson you are right that this is an issue; I have added a parenthetical comment.
Answer: There is a detailed discussion of the "partial" composition operations of an operad in Volume 1, Chapter 2 of Fresse's monograph:

Benoit Fresse, Homotopy of Operads & Grothendieck-Teichmüller Groups. (book project web page) (author pdf for volume 1)

The equivalence of the two definitions of operad is stated as Theorem 2.1.10, and the proof is worked out in Appendix A (see A.2.10).


A criterion for independence based on Characteristic function

Question: Let $X$ and $Y$ be real-valued random variables defined on the same space.  Let's use $\phi_X$ to denote the characteristic function of $X$.  If $\phi_{X+Y}=\phi_X\phi_Y$ then must $X$ and $Y$ be independent?
Comment: No, as the case $X=Y=$ standard Cauchy shows.
Comment: @Did why this is a counterexample?
Comment: @Connor Did you try to compute the characteristic function of a standard Cauchy random variable? If you did, this should be clear. If you did not, what are you asking?
Comment: I flagged [Connor's question](http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2054888/product-of-characteristic-functions-implies-independence/2055407#2055407) as a duplicate but ended up expanding your comment to an answer, @Did
Answer: As user75064 already pointed out, the answer is "no". However, there is the following result:

Let $X,Y$ be $\mathbb{R}^d$-valued random variables. Then the following statements are equivalent.

$X,Y$ are independent
$\forall \eta,\xi \in \mathbb{R}^d: \mathbb{E}e^{\imath \, (X,Y) \cdot (\xi,\eta)} = \mathbb{E}e^{\imath \, X \cdot \xi} \cdot \mathbb{E}e^{\imath \, Y \cdot \eta}$

i.e. if the characteristic function of the random vector $(X,Y)$ equals the product of the characteristic function of $X$ and $Y$, then $X$ and $Y$ are independent (proof).
Comment: @CarlosMendoza Yes....
Comment: the small letter that you have in the exponent is the imaginary number $i$, right?
Answer: No. The property in your post is called subindependence, and it is strictly weaker than independence. (Note that some people use the term "subindependent" as a synonym for "uncorrelated".) In addition to the references given in Wikipedia, you can find an example in this short note. Unfortunately it's behind a paywall. The example consists of two random variables with joint pdf
$$h(x,y)=f(x)f(y)(1+\cos x\cos 3y)$$
where
$$f(x)=C\left(\int_0^{1/2} \exp(1/(4s^2-1))\cos (sx)\,ds\right)^2$$
with appropriate normalizing constant $C$.


How to avoid people from using the coffee spoon into the sugar jar?

Question: Do you have any creative ideas how to avoid people using the coffee spoon into the sugar jar?
Answer: Buy a sugar shaker. Then people can't leave the spoon in it.
Comment: The problem is that people don't see a reference of where to put it back once they use it, mostly because they feel that once they are wet with coffee, they don't belong in their original position. the solution:

Put two or more (coffee used) spoons laid out face down on a plate under the sugar jar. Every user only uses one spoon at a time, and every time they are done using it, they will feel inclined to put them next to the other spoons.


Continuous Description in Dance Story

Question: So my character is a competitive dancer, and the competitions she attends are a heavy part of the story. I'm writing her second competition, and I realize that I'll have to describe the routine whenever she competes. How do I do that without making it repetitive?
Comment: The title doesn't really match the question. The title implies the question is about one single long description, while the question is more focused on avoiding the same description over and over again.
Comment: "I'll have to describe the routine whenever she competes." Why?
Comment: I'd recommend finding some videos on what you envision your character doing and then use that as a reference
Comment: @Ian54 it's not. It's about how to describe the dancer's movement each time she competes without being repetitive. I'm not asking for names of dance moves. Just other ways to describe dance besides beautiful.
Comment: @Ian54 I agree. It's not about what the moves *are*, it's about how to describe the routine in such a way that it doesn't just end up as a list of those moves.
Comment: It feels like a huge chunk of the story is missing when I don't.
Answer: What might work well is to progressively shorten the descriptions as the moves become routine to the character.
I know nothing about dancing, but maybe you could start out with describing the exact moves (the way her feet turn, where she's looking, when her muscles tense to prepare for a jump). At the same time you could also introduce the technical term for these moves. Then, over time these descriptions can be reduced to the technical terms, only mentioning details for the moves that are giving her trouble. That way, the reader would experience the dance becoming routine along with your character.
The next step would be to name each sequence of moves. This could be an official term like the Dying Swan or something you come up on your own. Then, if she uses the same sequences again (either in the same dance or a similar one), you could shorten the description by refering to the sequence name rather than the individual moves. And even if the dance is not identical, you can use the sequence names as shorthand to point out what has changed.
Of course, if she performs the same dance at different competitions, you could simply name the dance, and only go into detail where she's made changes or moves either go wrong or spectacularly well.
Answer: Cumulative Sentences are a great way to show continuous action without it getting tedious and boring.  They work because the subject performing the action is only mentioned once in a independent clause followed by subordinate adverbial clause focusing on, in your case, the action of dancing.
From Cross-Country Snow by Ernest Hemingway

He held to his left at the end, as he rushed toward the fence, keeping his knees locked tight together and turning his body like tightening a screw brought his skis sharply around to the right in a smoother of snow and slowed into a loss of speed parallel to the hillside and the wire fence.

Breaking it down the independent clause is He held to his left at the end
with each subordinate clause amplifies something about it

as he rushed toward the fence  -- movement and setting and action
keeping his knees locked tight together
turning his body like tightening a screw brought his skis sharply around to the right in a smoother of snow
slowed into a loss of speed parallel to the hillside and the wire fence

Another example from the same piece

George was coming down telemark position, kneeling; one leg forward and bent, the other trailing; his sticks hanging like some insect's thin legs, kicking up puffs of snow as the touched the surface and finally the whole kneeling, trailing figure coming around in a beautiful right curve, crouching, the legs shot forward and back, the body leaning out against the swing, the sticks accenting the curve like points of light, all in a wild cloud of snow.

Breaking it down the independent clause is George was coming down telemark position
with each subordinate clause amplifies something about it

kneeling

one leg forward and bent
the other trailing

his sticks hanging like some insect's thin legs

kicking up puffs of snow as the touched the surface

finally the whole kneeling and trailing figure coming around in a beautiful right curve

crouching
the legs shot forward and back
the body leaning out against the swing

the sticks accenting the curve like points of light
all in a wild cloud of snow
Answer: Are you writing for people dancing themselves, especially dancing in the same style?
If not, do not go into details more than absolutely needed.
Imagine reading a book about a topic you may have seen but do not know much about, the moment you have to read big passages of details you are not interested in, you are likely to put the book away, for something that is more interesting. Like me telling you how I tied my shoe laces in not just a few words but in a full page of text (and yes, I could and it would be appreciated by a few people.)
On the other hand, if your intended public is young dancers who are still learning or already competing in that kind of dancing, they will want to know details. But do not repeat the same basic moves, go into more detail, how she got that move better than before, or how she failed in its details.
Whatever you write, do not repeat.
I assume you dance and competition level (if maybe not competing yet) you are likely having a way to tell yourself the next move. And while training those will become shorter and more compressed. For the first time you describe a routine you can use the full version, the second the shortest form and the third only 'name' was great, or could have gone better such a way. And after that leave out the descriptions altogether unless you instruct people and the routines change a bit every repeat.
If you do not dance at the level, do not go into details. The people in the know would catch you on mistakes, people not in the know would not be interested. Better to leave out details and just mention things like 'better' or 'not good enough' every body can follow.

Continuous Description in Dance Story


Why must a voltaic cell take place in a conductive solution?

Question: In order for a voltaic cell to function, its electrodes must be placed in a conductive electrolyte solution, most often solutions consisting of their metal ions. While I understand the use of the metal ions (allows for the plating to occur on the cathode), why must the electrolyte be conductive? Thanks!
Comment: If it's not conductive, the cell doesn't work - the electrons need a complete circuit to be present in the system in order for current to flow.
Comment: The current flow in the solution is not done by electrons per sey. Within the solution ions conduct the current.  Cations would flow in one direction and anions in the other.
Answer: The electrolyte must be conductive to ions, not electrons. In fact, if there's an easy path for electrons to move between the two electrodes, the cell will immediately self-discharge. The exact reason for needing ionic-conductivity kind of depends on the cell. For example, in lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ions are generated at the anode and consumed at the cathode (or vice-versa). If ions cannot move freely between the two (through the electrolyte), then you will quickly build up an ion-rich region at one electrode and an ion-deficient region at the other at which point the reaction will stop.
It's not even a requirement that the electrolyte be liquid, as long as it conducts ions. Eg. the sodium-sulfur battery uses a form of solid alumina that conducts sodium ions.


How connected are the LOTFP rules with the adventures?

Question: I've been reading up on Raggi's Lamentations of the Flame Princess, and was considering introducing it to my players using one of the adventures but using 1e/OSRIC rules.  Would this break the whole concept?  Would using 0e/LL rules without the LOTFP modifications?
Answer: If using a 1e/OSRIC group with an LotFP adventure, no modifications should be needed. The challenges are often not connected to character stats. The adventures should work equally well with any traditional ruleset.
If using LotFP characters with 1e/OSRIC modules, since those are usually more combat-heavy I would make sure the LotFP characters are one level higher than what the module recommends. For example, if an OSRIC module states it's for adventurers levels 4 - 7, I'd make sure the LotFP group is level 5 - 8.
I would make the same recommendation if using Basic Fantasy, Labyrinth Lord, or Swords & Wizardry characters with a 1e/OSRIC module, because 1e characters are generally built tougher, both due to bigger dice used for hit points and because of greater benefits for higher ability scores and a greater chance of having those higher scores.
Comment: Thanks!  And I assume the reverse might apply as well?  That is, would a LOTFP module for 4-7 be better for OSRIC characters of 3-6?
Answer: I think you're good, for two reasons. First, Raggi's adventures are much more about the ambiance and the mood than the rules. I've been planning on using Death Frost Doom in a 4e campaign sometime, in fact. Second, the conversion between Lamentations (or any other OD&D variant) and AD&D is pretty straightforward anyhow.
And, yeah, they're intended to be used with AD&D anyhow. From the LotFP product page:

LotFP's role-playing books are supplements and adventures compatible with existing First Edition, Original Edition, and "Basic Edition" fantasy role-playing games.
Comment: Good to know--I saw the few mechanical changes like the lower starting HP and no attack advancement and didn't know if it would be the equivalent of dropping D&D heroes into a COC adventure.
Comment: Note: Raggi's answer is better than mine, for obvious reasons. :)
Answer: The scenarios have very deliberately been written without much in the way of rules content, and what there is has been given in generic enough terms that it can be used as is with most versions of The Game. You may have trouble with D&D4, but even that should work; I ran Death Frost Doom in Rogue Trader, to give you a wild example.
I believe that Jim Raggi is intending to maintain the same format, even with his own rpg now on the shelves, so you should have no trouble.


Thermodynamic electric and magnetic susceptibility

Question: Are there differences between how the electric and magnetic susceptibilities are defined in thermodynamics and electrodynamics? My confusion is that it seems the techniques from thermodynamics (from my "elementary," undergraduate level) give different answers in the case of magnetic susceptibility, so I'm not sure if there is other physics going on or if it is as simple as a matter of definition. For example, in thermodynamics one would consider some external magnetic field $\mathbf B$ acting on the system, and use that to find the partition function. Then the magnetization is given by (using the free energy)
$$M = -\left(\frac{\partial F}{\partial B}\right)_N$$
and the magnetic susceptibility is
$$\chi = \frac{\partial M}{\partial B}_{B\to 0}$$
From what I know, that would mean $\mathbf M = \chi\mathbf B$. Then in terms of electromagnetism one would have $\mathbf B = \mu_0(\mathbf H + \mathbf M) = \mu_0(\mathbf H + \chi\mathbf B)\implies \mathbf H = \frac{1}{\mu_0} \mathbf B - \chi \mathbf B$. That is, however, clearly different from electrodynamics where $\mathbf M = \chi_m\mathbf H$. Obviously $\chi_m$ and $\chi$ are related, but I have seen some sources, lecture notes and thermodynamics textbooks, call $\chi = \chi_m$. Why is there this difference? A further point of confusion: In that external field used to calculate the free energy, it seems that in a vacuum one can choose $\mathbf H$ or $\mathbf B$ and get the same answer, up to a scaling constant, however, the answers will not be simply related by a scaling constant when considering $\mathbf B = \mu_0(\mathbf H + \mathbf M)$.
Answer: Magnetic susceptibility in EM theory is defined as rate of change of magnetization per unit change of magnetic field strength $\mathbf H$, not $\mathbf B$. This is an age old convention for which there are good practical reasons. It can and preferably should be used in thermodynamics as well.
Your $\chi$ based on $\mathbf B$ in general isn't equal to $\chi_m$, these two quantities have different units. They may have similar values if magnetization is very weak and a system of units where $\mathbf B$ and $\mathbf H$ have the same units.
Comment: Okay, thanks. However, I'm still left wondering the last point I made. Depending on what I express energy in terms of, the external field only changes by a scaling, so the magnetic susceptibility only scales from one case to another. That leaves me with wondering where my mistake is in the thermodynamic part. There has to be some difference in the definitions or the partition function when using H or B as external field that I'm not getting.
Comment: I don't understand your description and problem regarding energy, scaling and thermodynamics. What are you trying to do? I recommend posting a new, better phrased question.
Comment: I mean one can, in vacuum, replace B with $\mu_0 H$ so then that will not affect the analysis in thermodynamics except by scaling the field by $\mu_0$.
Comment: I put a new question with a specific example. I'm fairly sure I have some fundamental misunderstanding which is why I am running into this problem.


Nokia 635 need Bing as homepage

Question: How do I do it? My phone now doesn't come up with any homepage for any browser.
Answer: What version of Windows Phone do you have 8.0 or 8.1?  It's been many months since I used WP 8.0, so I'm a little rusty there.
As far as Windows Phone 8.1, IE11 doesn't really have the concept of a homepage.  New tabs are just a blank page.  If you try to visit the main Bing page you'll be taken to Cortana, unless you have your preferences set to render the desktop version of the page.  Even if you are have your IE preferences set to render the mobile version of websites, you can visit the Bing subpages: rewards, maps, etc.
The phone's search feature is wired into Bing and you can set your lockscreen background to be the Bing image of the day.
Comment: The 635 comes with 8.1 as the minimum
Answer: The adress bar is a also a search engine input. So what you can do is setting your IE default search engine to Bing and write your researches in the adress bar when you open a new tab.
As for the Bing Search app what are the behaviors of your Search button? My Lumia does not have Cortana yet and I have got the following behaviors : Bing Search with a simple press and TellMe with a long press (it was on the Windows button before). Perhaps it is the same with Cortana? Cortana with one kind of press and Bing Search with another one, who knows? Tell me if I am right or wrong.

Nokia 635 need Bing as homepage


My hamster was left in his ball all day. Will he be okay?

Question: My hamster was left in his ball by my nephew which I wasn't watching at the time but he was the only one in my room when I went to the bathroom. I didn't hear anything throughout the day (the ball rolling) so I figured he was asleep. My poor baby was found at 1:40 am and he was making a loud noise in the bathroom because his ball was stuck between baskets. I picked him up immediately and saw a dot of blood and the ball was foggy and there was a bunch of poop in the ball. I immediately put him back in his cage so he can eat and drink water and he did but will he die?
Comment: Go to a vet if you are worried about the health of your pet. Do not wait for guesses of strangers of the internet! We can not examine your hamster like a vet could do. Even calling a vet and ask for first aid you could do would help your hamster more than waiting.
Answer: Blood is not a good sign. A veterinary check is necessary.
Normally, hamsters do not suffer physiological damage from getting stuck in a ball, provided that there are no stairs he can fall from. Just remember that psychological damage is as important as physiological damage, so do not leave your hamsters unattended in his/her ball for a long time.
Poo and urine is expected. Both of them might be the natural need of the animal to relieve itself. Alternatively, both of them might be due to the extra stress the animal endured. Regardless, poo and urine do not require a vet visit on their own.
Blood is probably due to one of the limbs of the hamster getting stuck in one of the slits in the ball. Most balls have some precautions to prevent limb injury, but even these precautions are not 100% effective. An alternative source of blood might be the ball hitting at a wall quite fast and hamster getting his lips or mouth cut by his teeth due to the impact.
Regardless of the cause of bleeding, consult a vet whenever you see blood.


Does the Raspberry Pi 3 have wireless display capabilities?

Question: I want to buy a Raspberry Pi 3, and attach it to an external hard drive (or 2) that contains most of my media. While this is obviously simple, I want to know if the RPi 3 supports Miracast/Wireless Display. I have a Sony Bravia KDL 55W800A Television, and it is very fussy when it comes to screen mirroring, so I want to know if there is something that may break the deal when trying to create a sort-of NAS...
Comment: It's unclear if you want the Raspbery to **send** Miracast stream to the Bravia, or do you want the Raspery to **receive** Miracast stream from other device and output it via HDMI to bypass Sony screwups?
Answer: The Pi's doesn't inherently support any wireless display standards. You need to install and configure software to do any kind of streaming. 'Normally' (lots of different use cases here), I would just use an HDMI cable and strap the Pi to the back of the TV.
There appears to be an inactive (last update 2014) project called Piracast which could achieve Miracast streaming, provided you followed the instructions very precisely (specific USB dongle required, 3.5mm audio only).
A second workaround would be using a Chromecast. The latest versions of Kodi and Yatse will allow you to cast footage from the HD connected to the Pi via Kodi, to Yatse on an Android phone, then on to the Chromecast attached to the TV. Bit of a long way round but (so far as I've tested it) reliable.
Comment: And I thought mine was a roundabout way.... I've found my TV supports Plex as an app, and I can install RasPlex to then turn that into a streamer, but I really wanted screen mirroring....
Comment: Kodi/Yatse lets you get away with murder in that respect. You can do all kinds of deeply stupid if entertaining stream bouncing tricks between devices. Unfortunately screen mirroring is reasonably hard work if done in software, and the Pi isn't the best platform for it. Just sending streams it'll do all day long, but simultaneous capture is more difficult.


Low speed furnace fan blower motor will not shut off

Question: I have a carrier furnace that has a low speed fan blower motor that will not shut off no matter how long I leave it running. I checked that removal of the G wire at the control board does not change anything. This should rule out the thermostat being an issue. I checked the furnace limit switch and it seems fine with good continuity at the two switch parts (the button part and the actual part that sticks into the hot zone). The heater works fine and will shut itself off when it reaches temp but this only changes the high speed fan. I checked continuity over the fusible link off of the limit switch and it has good continuity. Anyway since the heater works I read that it's not a problem with the furnace high limit switch. I pulled the low speed fan wire off the control board and that successfully shuts off the low speed fan but then I hear a small humming sound from what might be the HFR or heating fan relay. So is the remaining issue pretty much just the control board or am I missing something I can  check?
Comment: Did this just start doing this? It could be the relay humming, or the start/run capacitor.
Comment: @JeffCates the fan hasn't turned itself off in a couple of weeks, so I just pull the plug on the whole thing most of the time. The humming only comes on from the control board when I pull the low speed fan wire out (the red wire in the middle of the picture).
Comment: Sounds like maybe the circulation fan relay is bad, or there's a short causing the relay to actuate. You could check it (if you don't mind poking around in the system). Or you could just throw parts at it, and replace the control board.
Comment: FYI shout out to deydistributing.com who gave me an answer as to what part can replace my old fan control board: ICM271. The manual says that it can replace Carrier/BDP parts 302075-3 CES0110017 CES0110018 HH84AA010 HH84AA011 HH84AA012 HH84AA013 HH84AA020 P771-7002.
Answer: Dangerous! Don't pull LO FAN plug, it dissipate the heat.
Sounds like LO FAN relay stuck, better replace the whole (blower control) board.
Comment: Hello, and welcome to Home Improvement. Thanks for the answer; keep 'em coming. And, you should probably [take our tour](//diy.stackexchange.com/tour) so you'll know how best to contribute here.
Answer: I had the same problem with this board.  It took some time but I eventually found the issue to a bad 100 micro farad eletrolytic capacitor (labeled C2 on some boards).  The low speed relay (labeled HFR) activates the fan by default and must be energized in order to deactivate the fan.  This relay is driven by the one an only chip on the board (CA3098E) which receives DC voltages generated by a diode D5 and the capacitor in question.  The bad capacitor results insufficient voltages to trigger the relay.  A replacement capacitor can be purchased from DigiKey for about $0.50 and soldered in place.  If you choose to do this, note orientation of the negative terminal on the capacitor (white stripe).  These devices are polarized and must be installed in the correct orientation.


Dhcp leases starting point

Question: I have a linux server which acts as a dhcp server. Dhcp lasse range is 10.15.0.50 - 10.15.255.250. The first ip it leased is 10.15.80.10 Is there any specific reason for this? It  keeps leasing ips lik 10.81 .82 and so on.
Comment: Please [edit] your question and add more information. Did you change the configuration? Were address ranges 10.81.* etc. part of a previous configuration? Please show the configuration file and the configuration of the network interface[s], e.g output of `ip addr`.
Answer: My understanding is that addresses are no longer assigned (or "offered") sequentially, but are rather from a hashed selection of the range. This means that a DHCP client could be offered any of the available addresses, and the next client could be offered any other. If they seem to be sequential after the first, that may be coincidence, or some artifact of the hashing used, but in any case as long as all the addresses offered are in the expected range I wouldn't worry about it.
https://linux.die.net/man/5/dhcpd.conf says:

The DHCP server generates the list of available IP addresses from a hash table. This means that the addresses are not sorted in any particular order, and so it is not possible to predict the order in which the DHCP server will allocate IP addresses. Users of previous versions of the ISC DHCP server may have become accustomed to the DHCP server allocating IP addresses in ascending order, but this is no longer possible, and there is no way to configure this behavior with version 3 of the ISC DHCP server.

Dhcp leases starting point


Is EmguCV's EigenObjectRecognizer uses EigenFace?

Question: I want to learn that is EmguCV's EigenObjectRecognizer's has Recognize() method.But I could not found any information that is using which algorithm.I used it in my thesis and I need to know which technique is using that method.I know it uses Eigen Vector and Eigen Values but I am not sure how it uses it. Is any one know could point me ?
Thanks.
Answer: It use a PCA-based algorithm, which is what eigenface use.


Ezekiel 28:14 question Hebrew wording

Question: Ezekiel 28:14 does the Hebrew say you were the cherub or placed with the cherub?
Answer:
You were an anointed guardian cherub. I placed you; you were on the
holy mountain of God; in the midst of the stones of fire you walked.
(Ezekiel 28:14 ESV)
את כרוב ממשח הסוכך ונתתיך בהר קדש אלהים היית בתוך אבני אש
התהלכת׃

Without the vowel-points את can have many meanings and purpose.

אֵת - ploughshare. strong's H855
אֵת - against, with, together, in, him, me, upon. strong's H854
אֵת - sign of the definite direct object, generally preceding and indicating the accusative. strong's H853
אָת - sign, miraculous signs, wonders. strong's H852

In Ezekiel 28:14 was it first written as את which makes it open to interpretation but after 900 A.D. vowel-points were added and today it look like this has אַ֨תְּ (at) strong's H859 which means you, a feminine, singular. The masculine singular equivalent is אַתָּה (atah) strong's H859 yet is the description of the Hebrew parsing: Pronoun - second person masculine singular. tagged as Pro‑2ms interlinear Ezekiel 28:14
So what is it את כרוב ממשח At or Eth cherub mimšaḥ!?

At - thou, you, ye. strong's H859
Eth - with, together strong's H854

Original MT (masoretic text) is open for suggestion for either you / with;

את כרוב ממשח הסוכך ונתתיך בהר קדש אלהים היית בתוך אבני אש התהלכת

Brenton LXX has with;

From the day that thou wast created thou with the cherub: I set
thee on the holy mount of God; thou wast in the midst of the stones of
fire. Jezekiel 28

Peshitta has with;

You were with the Cherbu who was anointed and a shield. I put you on
the mountain of the holiness of God. You were amid the rocks of fire.
Ezekiel 28.14

MT 900 A.D (from Codex Leningrad) has you;
אַ֨תְּ־כְּר֔וּב מִמְשַׁ֖ח הַסֹּוכֵ֑ךְ וּנְתַתִּ֗יךָ בְּהַ֨ר קֹ֤דֶשׁ אֱלֹהִים֙ הָיִ֔יתָ בְּתֹ֥וךְ אַבְנֵי־אֵ֖שׁ הִתְהַלָּֽכְתָּ׃
W. Codex Leningrad
Latin Vulgate has you;

tu cherub extentus et protegens et posui te in monte sancto Dei in
medio lapidum ignitorum ambulasti Ezechielis 28

The MT identifies the monarch of Tyre as the cherub, the LXX distinguishes the royal from the cherub. I would lean to the LXX and these translations for Ezekiel 28:14.
Aramaic Bible in Plain English

And you have been with the Cherub who is anointed and who shelters,
and I have settled you in the mountain of the holiness of God, and you
have been among the stones of fire

Brenton Septuagint Translation

From the day that thou wast created thou wast with the cherub: I set
thee on the holy mount of God; thou wast in the midst of the stones of
fire.
Answer: The Hebrew says "You [are/were]" but the spelling is unusual. In context we would expect a masculine form, but the word for "you" is in a form that is usually feminine (אַתְּ).
If we do not take into consideration the vowels (which were not written in ancient scrolls, but only preserved by oral tradition), the word looks like it could spell אֶת, which can mean "with." This appears to be the reading followed by the Septuagint.1

1 μετὰ τοῦ χερουβ ἔθηκά σε.... Alfred Rahlfs and Robert Hanhart, eds., Septuaginta: SESB Edition (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006), ΙΕΖΕΚΙΗΛ 28:14.
Comment: thanks for the answer. I edited in a reference to the specific text in the LXX for you to back up that claim. It's best practice to always cite sources for and/or fully develop the logic behind assertions here. This answer would be even stronger if you cited a lexicon or Hebrew grammar for your assertions about the pointing affecting meaning here. Thanks.

Ezekiel 28:14 question Hebrew wording


Haskell: Something like the application `$` operator for "do" notation?

Question: I'm supplying a function to idleCallback This notation works:
idleCallback $= Just (do
    modifyIORef world play
    postRedisplay Nothing)

Why doesn't this (seemingly similar) notation work?
idleCallback $= Just $ do
    modifyIORef world play
    postRedisplay Nothing

To save your hoogling, the types are:
($=) :: HasSetter s => s a -> a -> IO ()
type IdleCallback = IO ()
data SettableStateVar a
idleCallback :: SettableStateVar (Maybe IdleCallback)
postRedisplay :: Maybe Window -> IO ()
modifyIORef :: IORef a -> (a -> a) -> IO ()

GHC says:
Couldn't match expected type `Maybe IdleCallback'
            with actual type `a0 -> Maybe a0'
In the second argument of `($=)', namely `Just'
In the expression: idleCallback $= Just
In a stmt of a 'do' block:
  idleCallback $= Just
  $ do { modifyIORef world play;
         postRedisplay Nothing }

Can this be written without wrapping the do block in parenthesis?
Comment: This kind of problem is common in people who think `$` is special. It's not. It's just another library-defined infix operator. It follows precedence rules the same as every other library-defined infix operator.
Answer: It is a precedence error....  ($=) is binding more tightly than ($).  You can see this in the error message:
Couldn't match expected type `Maybe IdleCallback'
        with actual type `a0 -> Maybe a0'
In the second argument of `($=)', namely `Just'

It thinks that the second argument of ($=) is simply Just (which is a valid Haskell type referencing a function).  If you put parenthesis around the whole Just, including the do-block, it should work.
Comment: It isn't the same thing you did above...  I am wrapping the whole "Just" expression in parenthesis :), but I feel your pain, it isn't pretty.  You might want to try (idleCallback $=) $ Just $ do....  This isn't so pretty either, but at least you don't have a dangling parenthesis.  You could also redifine a second $= with different precedence (for instance, create a ($==)).
Comment: Indeed that works. But, is there a way to write it without wrapping the `do` block in parenthesis?
Answer: $ isn't special notation for saving parentheses, it's an ordinary function (with an infix operator). As such, it can't mean "wrap parentheses around everything to the right". What it actually means is "apply my first argument to my second argument".
As such, it's often useful for saving parentheses, but not here because this:
idleCallback $= Just $ do
    modifyIORef world play
    postRedisplay Nothing

Would be rewritten using no $ and more parentheses as this:
(idleCallback $= Just) (do
    modifyIORef world play
    postRedisplay Nothing)

Rather than what you wanted. The reason is that it's in fact parsed as this, once you've transformed the operator precedence/associativity notation to explicit form:
($) (idleCallback $= Just) (do
    modifyIORef world play
    postRedisplay Nothing)

The core problem is that $= also isn't special syntax, but an ordinary function (with infix notation), and $ simply has lower precedence than $=; $ by design has extremely low precedence; this is what makes it often work for parentheses-reduction in normal code, but also often what makes it fail when you move a correct expression involving $ into a new context as part of a larger expression.
The only fully general way to make such a transformation (which is what you're doing implicitly when you reason that Just $ do ... works, so idleCallback $= Just $ do ... should also work) is to wrap the full expression in parentheses before you insert it into the outer expression (which would yield idleCallback $= (Just $ do ...), which indeed works fine). This is actually the case for all expressions, particularly when operators are involved. e.g. You would know automatically that just because x + y works doesn't mean it will still work the way you want when you drop it into the blank in z * ___ ; you have to either blindly parenthesise to get z * (x + y), or else reason about the specific code on a case by case basis to see whether and where you need parentheses (or other transformations).
Answer: Your mileage may vary as to whether it is better, but one thing that should work unless $= has the very highest precedence is
idleCallback $= Just `id` do
...

This works because id as operator has no precedence defined, so gets the highest by default.
Comment: Perhaps a better workaround would be to define a custom infix e.g. `($=@) :: (HasSetter v) => v (Maybe a) -> a -> IO ()`. Or write `(idleCallback$=) . Just $ do ...`. But yours isn't that bad either, IMO.


Where do you get Python SOAPPy forwindows?

Question: I can't seem to install it, computer doesn't know what to open it with, is there something wrong? Do you know a website where I can install it?
Answer: SOAPPy is now part of Python Web Services. You can get it from the Python Web Services page at sourceforge.


Setting up reporting and alerting in SQL Server through TSQL and Powershell

Question: I am trying to automate monitoring on SQL Server through PowerShell and TSQL, to get alerts through mail whenever some issue is there.
I have gone through many articles over the internet and tried the approach but some of them are working and some are not.
My question is if the database is having some issues like blocking, transaction log full, deadlock or errors in the error log, how to setup up reporting of these issues/errors through mail notification considering the DB Mail profile is setup.
Answer: Create agent event alert for the errors that are written to the event log. Here's a util I did that generates a bunch, and can serve as a starting point. https://karaszi.com/agent-alerts-management-pack
If sql server has a performance monitor counter for your condition, you can create an Agent perf on alert.
For those that aren't written to the event log, schedule a job that does whatever it is you want to check for and send you the email(s).
Above is if you want to roll your own, of course. A alternative is to shop around, see what products exists in this space.


Javascripts files are not found when creating virtual directory

Question: I have a web application which is built using ASP.NET MVC2 on Visual Studio 2008
Everything running fine.
Now I want to run the app under the local IIS server.
So I have created a virtual directory under default website in IIS.
Now When trying to run the application, the login screen should appear and it is appearing.
I have these following references inside head tag:
<code><head runat="server">
    <title>TouchCast Login</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../Scripts/ext-3.2.1/resources/css/ext-all.css" />
    <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="../../Scripts/ext-3.2.1/adapter/ext/ext-base.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="../../Scripts/ext-3.2.1/ext-all.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript" src="../../Scripts/TouchCastMain/login/login.js"></script>
</head>
</code>
It seems that the javascripts files are not found. Now when I see the page source using "view source" and click on the links, i see it is saying the error "404 Not found".
It happens for the js files but i see the style sheet.
One more observation is:
I published my web site and put the files directly under default website without creating a virtual directory, everything works fine.
I am really in hurry. Is there any one who can help me to resolve this issue?
Regards,
Mohin
Answer: You should use UrlHepler.Content() Method
Comment: Hi i fixed the issue like this:


How can I determine the multinomial probabilities when applying two different tests to the same population?

Question: I have a population of $N$ individuals and am interested in determining the prevalence $\pi$ of some mental health disorder.  To do this, I give the population two tests, each with a sensitivity of $Se_1$, $Se_2$, and a specificity of $Sp_1$, $Sp_2$ respectively.
I can arrange the outcome of these tests into a 2x2 table
$$ \begin{bmatrix} y_{11} & y_{12} \\ y_{21} & y_{22} \end{bmatrix} $$
Such that $y_{11}$ were identified as disease positive in both tests, $y_{12}$ were identified as positive on the first test, but negative on the second and so on.
I'm interested in the multinomial probabilites for this table.  Assuming I knew what the prevalence was exactly, how could I determine the expected frequencies in this table?
I'm thinking I need to compute $\operatorname{Pr}(\mbox{+ on Test 1} \cap \mbox{+ on test 2})$ for isntance.  Assuming the tests are independent, this would just factor into the product of the two probabilities.
In section 3.2 of this paper, the authors identify the probabilities as
$$
\begin{array}{l}
p_{11 k}=\pi_{k} \operatorname{Se}_{1} \operatorname{Se}_{2}+\left(1-\pi_{k}\right)\left(1-\operatorname{Sp}_{1}\right)\left(1-\operatorname{Sp}_{2}\right) \\
p_{12 k}=\pi_{k} \operatorname{Se}_{1}\left(1-\operatorname{Se}_{2}\right)+\left(1-\pi_{k}\right)\left(1-\operatorname{Sp}_{1}\right) \operatorname{Sp}_{2} \\
p_{21 k}=\pi_{k}\left(1-\operatorname{Se}_{1}\right) \operatorname{Se}_{2}+\left(1-\pi_{k}\right) \operatorname{Sp}_{1}\left(1-\operatorname{Sp}_{2}\right) \\
p_{22 k}=\pi_{k}\left(1-\operatorname{Se}_{1}\right)\left(1-\operatorname{Se}_{2}\right)+\left(1-\pi_{k}\right) \operatorname{Sp}_{1} \operatorname{Sp}_{2}
\end{array}
$$
Are these the probabilites I'm seeking?  If so, how were they derived?
Answer: Ah, this is easier than I thought.
Let $\pi = P(D+)$ the the true prevalence of the disease.  The probability a patient is positive on both tests is
$$ P (T_1^+ \cap T_2^+) =  P (T_1^+ \cap T_2^+\vert D+)P(D+) + P (T_1^+ \cap T_2^+\vert D-)P(D-)  $$
Assuming the tests are independent, then
$$ P (T_1^+ \cap T_2^+\vert D+) = P(T_1^+ \vert D+)P(T_2^+ \vert D+) $$ which is the product of the sensitivity values of the test.  The remaining four tests can be computed similarly.


How do I create a "Card" column type in a Microsoft List?

Question: I really can use your help on this.  I have decided as part of my efforts to solve a different problem to make a copy of a Microsoft List to a work platform that is not shared as a dashboard and shared area for my company.  I am creating a duplicate List from another List that is the production list so that I can experiment on a duplicate one on my...  Here, a screenshot is worth one hundred words:

I am using an online presence where my username is part of the URL.  I am doing this as a test to solve a 404 and 403 error I am getting.
To duplicate a List, I have copied the production list to a local EXCEL file; made a table in that file, and used that to upload the data to a new List.  The data types have all been converted to single-line text.  Some of the changes to the data types of the column I am allowed to make.  But for others, I believe I will have to rename and create a new column from scratch with the proper column data type.  I believe I will have to do this with the mysterious "Card" data type.  Can anyone help me with this?
In the List that I am creating from the original, the "Card" data type appears something like this:

I am sorry that I had to pixelate this pic but the point is that the column for "Card" is nothing more than a single line of text that is the name of a picture file.
On the other hand, the Microsoft List that I am copying FROM has a much more complex class or object for a Card that contains a multitude of data.  It looks something like this:

When I click on one of the cards, I get this interesting data window on the side:

There are many ways to view the data and its various formatting.  I made this quick video about this.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFl_mfBirTQ
Please advise.  How do I create a Card class.  There are a couple of paths to take to create a new column but "Card" does not appear on any of these menus:

Here is another menu of column types.  Which one is a Card type?
Comment: "Card" column type is not available in SharePoint.
Comment: Agree with Ganesh Sanap, "Card" column type does not exist in the SharePoint.
Answer: There is not a card type.  Selecting the image type creates a display of data for the entire row that appears as if it is a card.


What kind of connection allows rotation at only one end?

Question: We are looking to connect a non spinning coolant pipe to a spinning drill pipe. The connector needs to spin on the end with the drill pipe but be stationary on the end with the coolant pipe. Is there some type of bearing you know of or some other connector?
Comment: This is categoriacally known as a bearing. One pipe will usually be larger than the other and concentric to it.
Answer: I think OP is asking about transferring fluid (coolant) through a rotating joint.
These kinds of joints are called rotary unions or swivel joints. One end of the rotary union is stationary, the other end may rotate continuously, and fluid passes through the joint, which is sealed even when the joint is in motion.
Comment: yes exactly what I was looking for thanks @Chuck


Harmonic frequencies of a guitar string

Question: I'm studying harmonic frequency at the moment but I'm just a bit confused about something. How are more than one different frequencies able to be produced from plucking a guitar string (fundamental frequency, 2nd harmonic, 3rd harmonic etc.)? Isn't this impossible for a guitar to vibrate at more than one frequency at the same time?
Comment: This link may be helpful: http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/31071/
Answer: If a string has multiple waves expressed in it, this is done by adding the waves individually.  Each frequency in the harmonic series can be expressed by a wave, a guitar string is the sum of these waves in different proportions.  The resulting wave is significantly different than the others.
See below for the sum of the first three frequencies in the harmonic series (black is the sum):

Here is the graph, if you are interested: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/wpy1kovuso
Comment: Here's an animated version (Click the play button of T): https://www.desmos.com/calculator/ow1encn6ew
Answer: Basically Oscars answers says it all, but I just want to add a few more things.
When a string is plucked its motion need to follow the wave equation
$$
\frac{d^2}{dt^2}y(x,t) - c^2 \frac{d^2}{dx^2}y(x,t) = 0
$$
with Dirichlet boundary conditions (the ends of the string are fixed). $c$ is the speed of sound of the string's medium. The function $y_n(x,t) = \sin(n \pi x / L) \cos( 2 \pi f  t)$ is a solution to that equation. Here, $n$ is an integer which enumerates different solutions corresponding the to waves shown in Oscar's post. They correspond to different harmonics. The $\sin$ part gives a standing wave while the $\cos$ part lets it vibrate with time at frequency $f$. The quantities $f$ and $L$ (the length of the string) are related through the speed of sound of the string
$$ f = (n c)/(2 L).$$
The important bit is that any sum of different $y_{n_1}, y_{n_2}, \dots$ is also a solution to the wave equation, the the overall motion is described by
$$y(x,t) = c_1 y_1(x,t) + c_2y_2(x,t) + \dots,$$
and the string can follow this shape. But because every $y_n$ corresponds to a certain frequency, the string effectively vibrates with many frequencies.
Now to the practical part. You can easily convince yourself that this is true by taking a guitar yourself. If you pluck a string you will hear all the harmonic frequencies. However, the loudest will be the fundamental which corresponds to $n=1$ (little exercise: draw the standing wave). If you pluck a string and then put put a finger on top of the 12th fret you will hear that the sound gets more quite but there is still a high pitched sound ringing. What you hear is the second harmonic ($n=2$) and all other even harmonics, because you muted the odd ones (including $n=1$). (exercise #2: draw the standing wave for $n=2$ and figure out why you mute $n=1$ but not $n=2$ when you place your finger on the 12th fret).
Comment: The wave equation on a string is derived by looking at the forces on a given dx.  To derive the wave equation, sin (theta) is approximated as theta. Cos (theta) is approximated as one.  This only works for small angles.  Hence when describing a string's motion the angles in the string must be small.  Hence, the physical amplitude must be much smaller than the string length.
Answer: If you've got an older web browser kicking around that still runs Java applets you should check out Paul Falstad's Loaded string simulation.  You can add harmonics to your heart's content.

Harmonic frequencies of a guitar string


How to change error colors for Komodo IDE color scheme

Question: I'm customizing color scheme, and almost everything working right.
Except command output tab is showing errors in red italic font, color settings for which I cannot find anywhere!
In font&color settings there are "fonts", "colors", "common syntax", "lang-specific" and "indicators" tabs, with drop-down selectors.
There is not one option that has red italic color assigned!!
Default font is white on blue.
Where could I find color settings for command output errors?
Answer: Well, nobody is answering, and I found a hack that helps.
It seems, that there's really no gui menu option for error text color in command output, but there is setting in .ksf file for it.
I changed manually line that says
<code>'Errors': {'Error lines': {'fore': 65535, 'hotspot': 1, 'italic': 0}},
</code>
where 'fore' is the foreground color, 'italic' is italic font, to what I wanted, and it worked.
I suppose, 'hotspot' means it's clickable, but I don't sure/don't care now.
Comment: If anyone is on MacOS and is wondering, I found my customized scheme .KSF file in ~/Library/Application Support/KomodoEdit/{version}/schemes/{name}.ksf
Answer: I know this is kinda late from the original post but I stumbled on this one while searching for this problem, it led me to the hint as to where to look in the GUI.
In version Komodo 9.0+

Preferences > Colour Scheme
Select the tab 'Language Specific'
Select the 'Language Errors' (underneath Others)

The Element type Error lines seems to reflect STDERR


TypeError: dojo.promise is undefined

Question: I am trying to convert my web mapping application from legacy to AMD style. However, the error message tells the "TypeError: dojo.promise is undefined". I have tried to see if the error could come from the object "tasks" and  "params". However, I can not tell anything wrong. Could anyone show me the solution?
Comment: Provide source code !!
Answer: obviously you still have the legacy code there, see "dojo.promise" part in your question. Wherever in your code you have this, you need to wrap it in the "require" or create your own module.
<code>// from dojo documentation on promise/all
require(["dojo/promise/all"], function(all){

  all([promise1, promise2]).then(function(results){
    // results will be an Array
  });

  // -- or --

  all({
    promise1: promise1,
    promise2: promise2
  }).then(function(results){
    // results will be an Object using the keys "promise1" and "promise2"
  });

});
</code>
Promises, or deferred's are generally returned by many esri javascript api tasks.
Ufortunately, you provide very little in your question, I'd suggest you to read through the dojo migration documentation or some how-to docos regarding dojo AMD.

TypeError: dojo.promise is undefined


left-click on launcher icon does not start the application

Question: After upgrading from Ubuntu 10.04 (lucid lynx) to Ubuntu 12.04 (precise pangolin) almost everything works fine, except launcher.
For most icons, left-click on the icon in the launcher does not trigger start of the application in question. Only starting the Dash and opening the Trash works. No other application can be started by left-click on its icon in the launcher.
My hardware: Toshiba Satego X200 laptop with nVidia GeForce 8700M GT.
Prior to upgrading I tested Ubuntu 12.04 from a bootable DVD. Prior to upgrading I de-installed almost all non-Canonical-supported packages, and afterwards re-installed via Ubuntu Software Center and Synaptic whatever I need.
As an attempt to solve the problem I tried the terminal command unity --reset-icons, however, this did not help.
During execution of unity --reset-icons a lot of messages were displayed in the terminal, which I quote below in part (omissions marked by [...]). I hope this gives a clue as to what is wrong.
$ unity --reset-icons

Checking if settings need to be migrated ...no
Checking if internal files need to be migrated ...no
Backend     : gconf
Integration : true
Profile     : unity
Adding plugins
Initializing core options...done
[...]
Initializing scale options...done
compiz (expo) - Warn: failed to bind image to texture
Initializing expo options...done
Initializing ezoom options...done
(compiz:2599): GConf-CRITICAL **: gconf_client_add_dir: assertion `gconf_valid_key (dirname, NULL)' failed
WARN  2013-02-03 16:05:13 unity.favorites FavoriteStoreGSettings.cpp:139 Unable to load GDesktopAppInfo for 'ubiquity-gtkui.desktop'
Initializing unityshell options...done
WARN  2013-02-03 16:05:14 unity.libindicator <unknown>:0 Desktop file '/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-writer.desktop' is using a deprecated format for its actions that will be dropped soon.
WARN  2013-02-03 16:05:14 unity.libindicator <unknown>:0 Desktop file '/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-calc.desktop' is using a deprecated format for its actions that will be dropped soon.
WARN  2013-02-03 16:05:14 unity.libindicator <unknown>:0 Desktop file '/usr/share/applications/libreoffice-impress.desktop' is using a deprecated format for its actions that will be dropped soon.
WARN  2013-02-03 16:05:14 unity.launcher Launcher.cpp:3088 Object registration failed. Won't get dynamic launcher addition.
ERROR 2013-02-03 16:05:14 unity.glib-gobject <unknown>:0 g_object_unref: assertion `G_IS_OBJECT (object)' failed
Setting Update "main_menu_key"
Setting Update "run_key"

Answer: Worked for the original poster of this fix: (fixed Unity system bar and launcher):

Reinstall all already installed packages in Synaptic related to searches libgl and glx.

May be needed first:
sudo apt-get purge fglrx fglrx-amdcccle    # or another fglrxs

But FGLRX drivers doesn't feel alright on my computer anymore, so goodbye FGLRX :( . No idea why.
Credit goes to this post


Callback function in menu items field

Question: Is it possible to put callback function here $items['callback?'] ? I need to change this field every time when user make some changes. The biggest problem for me is that hook_menu() is cached and menu is rarely updating.
Answer: Technically, you can use a function to return an array of menu router items but practically it will not work because of caching.
However you can register wildcats paths like companies/so your page callback will be fired on every companies/ pages.
To do so, set the key of the $items like this:
$items['companies/%'] = array(...menu router info here ...);

Callback function in menu items field


Possible to get event logs from a specific pending transaction?

Question: So I'm using web3 py filtering and it looks like I can listen for event logs using a filter, but I don't know which transactions in the pending pool produced the logs.  Similarly, I can use getTransactionReceipt to get the event logs from a completed transaction, but it doesn't seem I can combine the two and get event logs of a pending transaction (it says transaction not found when I try).  Is there any way to do this?
Answer: You can manually parse logs from the getTransactionReceipt() result JSON.
You can use internal web3._utils.events._get_event_data to parse raw topics to event logs.
However I do not have an example how to write it together.
Comment: You do not get logs until the transaction is mined, so there is no point to work with pending transactions. Your understanding of process is flawed.
Comment: Does getTransactionReceipt work with pending transactions?  In my tests it seemed to return transaction not found errors.
Comment: You can simulate a transaction going through, but it may or may not match the reality and it is a different question to ask and few orders of magnitude more complicated problem.
Comment: @MikkoOhtamaa it's not different question to ask, it's exactly what this question was about. Your original answer is not on point. The correct answer is you can get event logs by simulating the pending transaction.


If Congress passed a bill written in a language other than English, would it be valid?

Question: Suppose Congress passed a bill written in Spanish and the President signed it. Everything about the bill and the procedures by which it was written and passed were completely normal, other than the language. (Assume everyone in Congress, as well as the President, is fluent in Spanish.) Would the fact that the law is written in a language other than English have any effect on its enforceability, other than the practical difficulties caused by many people not understanding it?
Comment: I think that fluency in Spanish is not needed for your particular example. Neither the congressmen, nor the POTUS have deep understanding in all legislative matter that they produce. The fact that it is in Engish (alone) doesn't help them much. There are other mechanisms, of course.
Comment: @Someone _Extremely frequently_ legislators don't completely know what they're voting on. Many bills are thousands of pages long. And tons of legislation gets passed on matters where few, if any, members of Congress are subject matter experts.
Comment: I know someone who grew up in Puerto Rico, and was used to writing "dolares" instead of "dollars" when writing checks - who had to deal with people in the states assuming that it was not, in fact, US currency, which of course it is.  A check is a legal document, so it's a similar situation.  I would assume that most local bills passed in Puerto Rico are also written in Spanish, so it at least applies there.
Comment: @Someone That is _part_ of the reason for Congressional Committees. As a Senator or Representative, it would simply be impossible to be completely conversant on all of the nuances of all of the bills, so they are worked on by committees which are staffed by other Congressmen and their committee staffers who _are_ supposed to be knowledgeable enough to decide that the bill moves on.
Comment: @Someone so are the ordinary citizen when invited to vote. Bad, but still a minor drawback compared to the popular alternatives.
Comment: @DarrelHoffman That assumption interests me, so I [asked a question about it](https://law.stackexchange.com/q/80196/508).
Comment: @fraxinus so sometimes legislators don't completely know what they are voting on?
Answer: It would indeed be valid and legally enforceable. The Constitution places no limits on what languages bills must be written in. The Constitution specifically allows each house of Congress to make its own rules for how it passes bills, so, even if a house of Congress had a rule requiring its bills to be in English (which they don't, as far as I know,) they could simply change the rules and then pass the bill.
From a practical standpoint, though, enforceability would also require courts to be able to discern Congress' intent from the bill. As such, unless we're expanding the assumption to "the vast majority of the U.S., including the courts in all parts of the country, are now fluent in Spanish," then it's exceedingly unlikely that Congress actually would pass a substantive bill in a language other than English. Even without assuming all of Congress were fluent, it's possible that they could pass a resolution in Spanish as a gesture, but they would almost certainly not pass a substantive bill in Spanish (or any other language than English) due to the enforceability problems it would cause with courts (and, if relevant, regulatory agencies, etc.)
Aside from the courts needing to be able to understand the normal meanings of the words in Spanish, there would also be the problem of the complete lack of any legal history of Spanish words in U.S. law (or even in common law in general.) Much of legal interpretation is steeped in history of what particular words have meant (and/or been ruled by courts to mean) in past laws. Throwing all of that legal history out the window by switching to another language would be quite problematic when trying to craft a bill on any substantive subject matter. Suffice it to say that crafting the definitions section for such a bill would be quite a task.
So, yes, it would technically be legal and it would indeed be the law, but doing it with any substantive subject matter (without assuming that most of the population now understands Spanish) would be so problematic for enforceability in practice that they wouldn't actually consider doing it.
Comment: As a person who lives in a country with 11 official languages and two unofficial ones. The practical problems of having a justice system in more than 1 language is very much real.
Answer: Yes
The United States does not have an official language.
Comment: wow! I didn't know this until today! ([wikipedia ref](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States#Official_languages))
Comment: *[Muhlenberg legend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhlenberg_legend)* - *"The Muhlenberg legend is an urban legend in the United States and Germany. According to the legend, the single vote of Frederick Muhlenberg, the first ever Speaker of the US House of Representatives, prevented German from becoming an official language of the United States."* (1794). Though *Grammar Girl* presented a different story (or maybe she fell for it).
Comment: Something I learned from watching The West Wing.
Comment: True, but possibly not relevant.  I live in a country with two official languages; but almost all the legislation is written in a third language - not one of the official ones.
Answer: Under Article VI of the Constitution, treaties have the force of law, and the United States has sometimes ratified treaties in languages other than English.
For example, the treaty signed with Morocco in 1786 was originally in Arabic, translated into English, and was ratified by the Continental Congress in 1787.  It was in force when the Constitution itself was ratified.
The treaty of alliance between the U.S. and France in 1778 was another example.  It was presented to the Continental Congress in parallel French and English columns for ratification, but declares, "the present Treaty was originally composed and concluded in the French Language."  At that time, French was a more widely-used international language than English, and gentlemen in America were expected to know both languages.  (This put George Washington in an embarrassing situation where, after he signed a document in French surrendering Fort Necessity, during the French and Indian War, he had to admit he did not understand what it said.)

As English has only become a more dominant international language since then, modern U.S. treaties are almost all in English, or at least state that the English text and the version in some other language are equally authentic.
Comment: he "All sides are authentic and binding" got odd with the Nuremberg trial basis, which was French, English and Russian and actually **did** differ some... Or the treaty between Italy and Ethiopia, which were actually totally different ones!
Comment: Per that link, though, "It was the English translation provided by Barclay, however, that was ratified by Congress and that served as the definitive text for American purposes." As far as I know, this has typically been the case with treaties. Congress generally ratifies an English version of the treaty and it is the English version that is considered authoritative for purposes of U.S. law.
Comment: @reirab I haven't researched this in great detail, but my understanding is that, in a hypothetical dispute between the U.S. and Morocco while that original treaty was still in force, the negotiators would in theory consider the Arabic text to be the controlling version. I've also heard lawyers arguing that the French version of a treaty should be consulted to resolve an ambiguity in the English one.
Comment: As far as what actually had force of U.S. law, it was the English version that was actually ratified by the Senate, per the National Archives. Negotiators can say whatever they want, but only what is actually ratified by the Senate has force of U.S. law.
Comment: I refer to the [Treaty of Wichale](https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Wichale)


RAID 5 with different sizes and different speeds?

Question: With RAID 5 capability is lost if there are disks of different sizes? Same as RAID 0 and RAID 1. If something happens the speeds are different? 10K and 15K.
Answer: Yes, in a RAID5 array the smallest physical volume (disk or partition) will define the size of the array, so any extra space on larger volumes in the array is not used.
You should not see any issues with drives of different speeds other than the fact the the slower drive(s) will reduce average performance.
If one of the drives is much much faster than the others then RAID4 is better then RAID5 as it keeps the parity on one one disk. If you select the faster drive for the parity area you essentially have RAID0 on the other two+ drives for read access, and parity on the faster drive (for every write, the parity drive much be written to too, as with the distributed parity blocks of RAID5). But I doubt that the difference between 15K and 10K drives will make much difference to overall performance either way here. RAID4 offers the same protection as RAID5 (it can survive one drive failing), though is not always offered as it is very rarely desirable in practise.
Answer: The Dell Perc controllers are the only ones I have much experience with, and with these controllers you can use any combination of disks that you want. The smallest disk will constrain the capacity and the slowest disk will constrain the speed.
But this is an odd question. If you're paying all that money for a shiny new RAID controller why would you handicap it by using old disks? I have occasionally had to use an old disk when a disk failed and I didn't have a new replacement to hand. I wouldn't recommend it though.
JR
Answer: The problem is that it has a damaged disc on RAID 5 and the solution that I seek is to build another SCSI disk to avoid having to invest in a new complet SAS system (which I recommend) is much more reliable.
Thank you very much for your answers, try to get the system change. Sorry for my english :).
Comment: Then you'd better choose a disk as close as possible as the original. Usually RAID vendors can sell you (very expensive) obsolete drives : for instance I have 73GB 10K RPM drives in my client spare stock :)
Answer: At best any striped RAID configuration will support reading one stripe per physical disk per revolution.  There is no inherent reason why it won't work but anything reading in a round robin will be held back by the slowest disk.
Asynchronous or random I/O will be mostly a function of the total IOPS available from the physical array but any applications with a dependency on previous reads (i.e. non-async blocking I/O) may experience bottlenecks from the slower disks.  Parity writes waiting on the slower disks will be held up until all I/O finishes.
Disk capacity will limit the volume size to the maximum that can be supported by the smallest disk.  Depending on the capabilities of the controller you may be able to use the remaining space on the other disks for a different array.  Some controllers will support a M:M relationship between disks and arrays and others won't.
At a guess I would expect it to work with some but not all I/O being held up by the 10k disks.  Some RAID configurations require synchronised disk spindles but RAID-5 does not.
Answer: It's generally strongly advised to use disks of the same model and the same firmware revision in a RAID array, to minimize risk. It's technically possible to mix about any  disks together, however your array will be slowed down by the slowest disk; the slowing down can be even worse than expected, because data striping is done the same way on all disks; if one is slower, the others may miss access and make an additional rotation, adding even more latency, giving you abysmal performance. This will add stress the the disks too, greatly adding to the risk of failure.
So to be short : Don't do it. Unless it's to test, or learn about RAID, but never ever put such a setup in production.
Comment: If using the same drive model, I generally recommend getting the drives from a mix of suppliers. You don't want all the drives in an array having come from the same batch and that batch to be one that had QA problems! I do not have a lot of experience with hardware RAID, but with software RAID under Linux I've had no problems with mixing drive models and even using drives from different manufacturers (though performance has never particularly been my reason for using RAID).
Comment: I also mixed SCSI and P-ATA harddisks, when a SCSI disk in a Raid1 died. No problems occured for a long time. I _love_ softwareraid 0


Is the list of characters from a video game considered a fact?

Question: If yes, what uses of a list of character names are non-infringing (on copyright/trademark) according to the Feist v. Rural ruling? E.g. can the character names be included in a dictionary?
Answer: Names can not be copyrighted, but a list of names... maybe
A name by its very nature can not be copyrighted, but a list of names, like any written work, may fall under copyright law if it is not expressly a list of facts created by no creative endeavor.  If the list of names you are talking about is a list of user names, then that may qualify as a list of facts, but if the list is something some game designer sat down and came up with as part of the creative work, then it is not.  Inside a videogame: any text, source code, and/or graphics can be copyrighted, so a list of names copied as is from a game may be considered copyright infringement if the list is long enough to exceed fair-use practices and if the names demonstrate that they were the result of a creative process.
So, if the game has written somewhere either in the user interface or source code itself, the list of names: "Liam, Noah, Oliver, ... [1000 names later] ...Davian", and you copy this list exactly, then it could be copyright infringement. If the game has 1000 NPCs, and you make your own game where there are 1000 NPCs with the exact same names as the other game, then you are not copying a contiguous body of text; so, it is still in theory fine even if the names are not classified as a matter of fact.
That said, you may get sued anyway
Too much similarity between games is often used as grounds for suing over the possibility that you are using stollen source code. Because source code is both proprietary and copyrightable, companies don't need to prove that you are using thier source code to begin giving you a bad day.  Just opening an investigation into IF you are using stollen source code can be very damaging.
Your computers could be seized, employee time wasted complying with audits and interrogations, an injunction could prevent you from selling your game until the investigation is over, your reputation could be destroyed, you have to hire lawyers, etc... in short, your company could be ruined even if the law suit never makes it all the way to court.  Because of the cost of defending yourself, some game companies have been known to sue over things like this knowing full-well that they would lose in court because they are more interested in putting competitors out of business and/or to winning an out-of-court settlement from defendants who can not afford the cost of defending against the suit itself.
In short, just because something is legal does not always mean it is legally a smart thing to do.
Answer: Names are never copyrighted

No. Names are not protected by copyright law. Some names may be protected under trademark law. Contact the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, firstname.lastname@example.com or see Circular 33 for further information. However, copyright protection may be available for logo artwork that contains sufficient authorship. In some circumstances, an artistic logo may also be protected as a trademark.

Feist did not deal with trademarks at all. A list of trademarks indicating who holds their trademark is not confusing in the market as to the origin of goods. If it is a dictionary or directory that just lists facts, such as the character name, holder and games they are in (aka: Mario (Nintendo): Super Mario. Super Mario 2. Super Smash Brothers....) without images at all, then there is no trademark infringement - the trademarks are only in nominative use.


NavigationViewControllers in ipad applications

Question: Are NavigationViewControllers as relevant in ipad applications as in iphone apps, or are they less relevant as the window has place for multiple elements and not strictly a stack?
Answer: i assume you are speaking of UINavigationControllers and using UITableViewControllers with them. To answer that question: They are still often used as the master view controller (the left pane in landscape, or the popover in portrait.  This allows flattening your view hierarchy but still maintaining the navigation ability of the stack.
For more information about the iPad human interface guidelines see here : Apple iPad HIG


Tool for verifying MySQL data matches source file

Question: I'm looking for an automated way to test an API to ensure incoming data is stored correctly in a MySQL db.
Starting with an empty db I send large amounts of XML to the API which populates the db.
I need a way to compare to data in the database to my source data. There is far too much data to verify manually so I need to do it programmatically. The source data can be XML or CSV.
I could write a program to compare get a CSV of the db and do a diff of the origin CSV but that would be slow and error prone.  I'm inclined to believe that a tool (preferably open source) already exists for this sort of thing.
Answer: In my experience, something like a csv compare can be done programmatically without too much of a speed hit - so long as there aren't many errors.
The way I'd handle it is to have your baseline CSV files being the data you expect each table to contain, one for each table (excluding any timestamps or other time-sensitive data - you'd need to check that separately).
Then a simple routine to export the contents of each target table to CSV after you've run your data through the API will give you your CSV comparison files. I strongly recommend using a query that retrieves specific fields for this since "SELECT * FROM tablename" will throw comparison errors any time the schema changes.
Next, do a file-level diff. At this level, all you're doing is checking whether or not the files are identical. If they are, you don't need to go any further. If they're not, add the table name to an in-memory list of which tables need to have a more detailed diff run against them (it helps if your files are named for the table you're comparing - so you might have \baseline\customers.csv and \results\customers.csv).
The fun part starts at this point - and this is the part that's... not so much error-prone as painstaking and can cause more than a little angst. I've written my share of these, so I know the "joy" involved. The biggest problem when you have differences in table data is that it's very easy for humans to recognize a missed row, but rather more complicated for software.
It's also time consuming, particularly with a lot of data.
First, I'll open both files for reading. For smaller files, it's probably easier to read the whole thing into memory rather than stream it, but for larger ones, reading line by line is probably better (less in-memory data - which matters when you have a CSV comparison of files with multiple thousands of lines). Reading the file as a record set is better still, despite the large memory overhead for large files (and can save  you the need to export your data to CSV files - although I prefer to do the export anyway because I can use the exported CSV files as references and quickly update baseline CSVs when I need to).
Then I'll go through them, line by line. If the lines are identical, I move to the next line. If they aren't, I start a field-by-field comparison.
At this point, you've got a number of options:

You can look for another line in the baseline that matches the one you've got in the results (this is useful if every field differs from the expected value - chances are something got missed and you've got an off-by-x error). To be able to do this, you have to make sure to read the file with the ability to move forward and backwards through the rows.
You can list the differences between the fields (you probably should do that anyway - it makes tracking down any differences a little easier)
You can set a level at which you're not going to check for more differences (again, useful when you have an off-by-x error because once you hit the missing row you're not going to match anything unless you can build a good algorithm to find the match and go forward from there)
You can report each row with differences as a single difference, or each table with differences as a single difference. I don't recommend reporting at the cell level because of the off-by-X issue.

Regardless, you use the same routine to do all the comparisons - give it the files to compare and call it from your master routine. That way you can easily add new  tables to the routine and you only have to build the logic once.
Your biggest issue is going to be that if there are differences, it will be slower. How much slower will depend on how much data you're comparing. I've seen this take an 8 hour run (which included a lot of functional tests - the database comparison generally needed a few minutes because of the by then immense memory load (not helped by the tool retaining its log in memory rather than writing to the hard drive and flushing the information)) to over 24 hours. Yes, I split that particular script into multiple smaller runs and re-baselined.
Comment: Thanks for the detailed response, you confirmed exactly what I was thinking wither regards to how to implements and the challenges in doing so.  Had I not found a tool to do the job this is exactly how I would approach it
Answer: I found an open source command line tool that can compare databases, csv, xml etc.
http://www.diffkit.org/
Answer: Try using SchemaCrawler. SchemaCrawler is a free and open-source command-line tool that produces text (text, JSON, CSV, HTML) output that is designed to be diff-ed, using standard diff tools. It can compare both structure and data.
Sualeh Fatehi, SchemaCrawler


Samsung Galaxy S2 recites any actions that I do. How to turn it off?

Question: My phone won't stop talking. It won't let me scroll or see other settings, I've tried to go back the way I did and turn it off, but I can't scroll down or up. I have to double click on applications to open them everything I touch. It speaks to me what I touched. How can I reset that?
Comment: Did you try AndrewT's answer after his edit?
Answer: There is a big chance you turned on TalkBack accessibility option by accident. You may want to turn off to fix this "issue".

Enable or disable accessibility services.

From the Home screen, touch Applications  > Settings > Accessibility .
Touch Accessibility to toggle a checkmark.
Touch TalkBack to toggle a checkmark. When enabled, recites menu options, application titles, contacts, and other items when scrolling and making selections.

If an Attention prompt appears, touch OK to continue or Cancel to exit.

(copied with slight modification)
To scroll when TalkBack is active, use 2 fingers when scrolling. From Google Support

Tip: To scroll across screens, use two fingers along the screen.


Considerations when activating WordPress Multisite

Question: I have Civi for WordPress installed on the main domain of our site and have multiple other WordPress installations on various subdomains. To streamline things a bit, I'm preparing to enable WPMS. I was wondering if there are any special considerations I need to make to ensure Civi doesn't get broken somehow. It doesn't need to share data with any of the other sites.
Answer: You only need to be aware that Civi doesn't fully work with WPMS as yet. You can Network Enable it, but the Civi backend will not function as expected on sites other than the main site. There are workarounds, but since you aren't using on sub-sites then you should be fine if you just enable it on the main site.
Comment: I have found that it is best to enable on the site you are using CiviCRM on.  Typically the main site, but not always.  We have also implemented CiviCRM Multi-Site following this:  http://wiki.civicrm.org/confluence/display/CRMDOC/Multi+Site+Installation   You still need to activate per site (network activate will fail) but it does work.  We've also user org.civicrm.multisite to help with permissioning.


Closure of constraint algebra

Question: In yang-mills theory , the constraint algebra closes to form a lie algebra. Even string theory has a constraint algebra which closes to form a lie algebra. I wish to know if there are other cases where the constraint algebra doesn't close. What does it physically mean for the constraint algebra to not close ?
Comment: The canonical example of a theory with a constraint algebra that doesn't close is General Relativity. Its constraints are the spatial diffeomorphisms and refoliations (temporal diffeomorphisms). Their algebra only closes if the equations of motion are imposed. Physically, this means that the constraints are a mixture of first-class and second-class constraints.
Comment: @Prof.Legolasov I see. So what is the procedure one must follow in order to quantize such theories ?
Answer: In the Hamiltonian formulation, the non-closure of the constraint algebra is typically associated with second-class constraints and/or anomalies. See also my related Phys.SE answer here.

Closure of constraint algebra