How do I find out if a program uses GTK 2 or 3?

Question: Thinking of trying to tweak a theme to get Inkscape more compact. Was wondering if there was a way to tell which version of GTK+ it uses?
Comment: What if it is an uncompiled python program (gaupol, for example). Ldd says `not a dynamic executable`.
Comment: @sup Perhaps looking at the dependencies via `apt-cache depends  | grep gtk` is an alternative for such uncompiled program, including `firefox`.
Answer: Use ldd. Mine appears to use gtk2 libraries.
$ ldd /usr/bin/inkscape | grep gtk
    libgtkmm-2.4.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtkmm-2.4.so.1 (0x00007fa8de4d5000)
    libgtkspell.so.0 => /usr/lib/libgtkspell.so.0 (0x00007fa8dcfe1000)
    libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fa8dc9a7000)

Answer: Inkscape currently uses GTK2. Inkscape trunk has the ability to compile against GTK3, however that is a work-in-progress and is far less compact than when built against GTK2 (GTK3 was created with touchscreen support in mind, so widgets are larger).
-an Inkscape dev
Comment: Thank you. I find on my laptop (1366x768) that I'm always short of space for the dockable stuff (layers,  fill, etc.) and Gnome is very fond of huge toy-town style buttons! Of course Adobe take it too far and give you 4px click zones. KDE apps strike a more effective balance, IMO, but then I sort of fell out with KDE after 3.5. Anyway, thank you for your useful information.


Flashback Data Archive Not Capturing client_identifier

Question: Audit attribute client_identifier from the USERENV context is not being stored with flashback data archive records after restarting database instance. Oracle standard edition version 19.17
Answer: It seems that after instance is restarted, the instance will forget value of flashback data archive context level if it was set to a value different than TYPICAL. In my case, before restarting instance, context level was set in ALL. So, after instance restart, I had to set value of context level to ALL again using the following command
<code>EXEC DBMS_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE.set_context_level('ALL');
</code>
for more info about context level, see https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/arpls/DBMS_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE.html#GUID-B89C99AE-EE5A-4EEC-B66E-3CA1F6D90877


How can i save png images in sdl?

Question: ok so i want to save images in sdl.
i only know how to save stuff in .txt files.
theoreticlly i could take all the bits of the surface and save them in the .txt file and later load all those bits into a surface manually.
but i don't want to do that because a surface in sdl has to go threw some certain processes witch i don't really know what they do.
like every surface has to go through the SDL_DisplayFormat(SDL_Surface *) function.
and if i load functions threw .txt i won't be able to do that.
and there is probablly a simple function to do this so i want to take the easy way.
so where can i get a function that saves a surface to a png file(preferred SDL function)
Answer: Use that one to save the Screen as Bitmap.
<code>SDL_SaveBMP(main_global_stuff.sdl.surface, screenshot_filename);
</code>
I just looked quickly; with SDL_Image you're able to load png-files. Take a look here for more solutions and librarys.
SDL_Image

How can i save png images in sdl?


Quasi convexity and strong duality

Question: Is there a possibility to prove the strong duality (Lagrangian duality) if the primal problem is quasiconvex?
Or is there a technique that proves that the primal problem is convex instead of quasiconvex?
Answer: I'm not sure I understand the question clearly enough to give a precise answer, but here is a kind of meta-answer about why you should not expect such a thing to be true.
Generally speaking duality results come from taking some given objective function and adding variable multiples of other functions (somehow connected to constraints) to it.  Probably the simplest case is adding various linear functions.
Proving strong duality for a certain type of setup involves understanding the class of functions thus generated, usually using some sort of convexity property.  For example, if our original objective function $f$ is convex and we think of adding arbitrary linear functions $L$ to it, the result $f+L$ will always be convex, so we have a good understanding of functions generated in this way, in particular what their optima look like.
Quasiconvexity does not behave nearly so will with respect to the operation of adding linear functions.  One way to express this is the following.  Let $f:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$ be a function.  Then $f+L$ is quasiconvex for all linear maps $L:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$ if and only if $f$ is convex.
Therefore the class of functions for which the benefits of quasiconvexity (local minima are global, etc.) would help prove strong duality is in some sense just the convex functions.  This is not to say strong duality will never hold for quasiconvex objectives, but just that some strong additional conditions are required beyond the usual constraint qualifications used for convex functions: quasiconvexity alone does not buy you much duality-wise.
Comment: yes it is not possible to prove strong duality if the problem is quasiconvex. But is there a some condition for the duality-gap? Some epsilon, that describes how close the dual problem is to the optimal solution?
Comment: @Guido, The way you originally posted the above text was as an *answer*; however, answers are only intended for things that provide an answer to the question. You intended your text to be a comment to Noah, so I have converted it to a comment. [You can always comment on your own questions and answers, and on answers to your own questions](http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/19756/how-do-comments-work/19757#19757), regardless of what your reputation score is. In the future, please use the "add comment" button on the bottom left of each question and answer on the site (it is light gray).
Comment: @Zev: Do note the different account numbers on the comment and the original question.
Comment: @Asaf: Thanks for catching that!
Comment: @Guido: As Asaf points out, I now see that you were unable to make a comment because you accidentally created a different account. I've merged the duplicate account with your previous one; now there is only [this one](http://math.stackexchange.com/users/14238/guido). It may help avoid this issue in the future if you register your account.

Quasi convexity and strong duality


US Visa Validity for travel from India

Question: I intent  to travel  to  US  from India  in the last  week of September 2016  for  20 days and  have valid  US visa till November 2016. Will this visa be acceptable ?
Answer: You should be ok. US visa validity works a bit differently than you'd expect, the expiry date is the last day you can travel to the US and the duration of stay is determined at the border by the immigration official.
Here's what the State Department has to say (emphasis mine)

What the Visa Expiration Date Means
The visa validity is the length of time you are permitted to travel to a port-of-entry in the United States.
A visa [...] can be used from the date it is issued until the date it expires to travel to a U.S. port-of-entry. [...] the visa expiration date shown on your visa does not reflect how long you are authorized to stay within the United States.
Admission to the United States and your Duration of Stay
Upon arriving at a port of entry, the CBP official will determine the length of your visit
Comment: @simonatrcl I misquoted, sorry. It can be used again if you have a multiple entry visa, and once for single entry
Comment: Question: "..travel to a U.S. port of entry one time". So if this visa has already been used, can it be used a second time?
Comment: I thought it might be. It was just a clarification. Thanks!

US Visa Validity for travel from India


What are Solidity Events in Etherscan?

Question: When you go to a deployment contract on Etherscan, which are 0x addresses just like wallets, they have a tab called "Events". What are Events and how come only these deployment contracts have Events, but not personal wallets? How does one cake Events into a smart contract?
Answer: Events are a way to inform the outside world that something has happened in the smart contract, that some action has taken place, etc. So others can subscribe to these events and act accordingly.
For example:
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0

pragma solidity ^0.8.17;

contract Event {

    event Deposit(address from, uint256 amount, uint256 timestamp);
    event Transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount, uint256 timestamp);
    event Withdraw(address sender, uint256 amount, uint256 timestamp);

    mapping(address => uint256) public balances;

    function deposit() public payable {
        // deposit logic...

        emit Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value, block.timestamp);
    }

    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public payable {
        // transfer logic...

        emit Transfer(msg.sender, to, amount, block.timestamp);
    }

    function withdraw(uint256 amount) public payable {
        // withdraw logic...

        emit Withdraw(msg.sender, amount, block.timestamp);
    }

}

This is a simple toy code, short enough just to see how to declare and emit events. No actual logic is involved.
Notice how we can declare an event like:
event Deposit(address from, uint256 amount, uint256 timestamp);

And then we can emit that event in a function like:
emit Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value, block.timestamp);

Events are practically a way of "returning" data from a function that modifies the state in a smart contract. Because you cannot simply return data from a non-pure/non-view function and expect to get the result right away, because transactions execute asynchronously in the blockchain and we don't know when our function will actually run. Thus, we need to rely on events to get notified when our function is executed, to know what happened during execution, etc.
Regular address don't emit events because events are user-defined in smart contracts. You need to manually declare and emit events in a smart contract if you want to see them.
Comment: Can't an interloper engage the smart contract directly to execute the action and event called `withdraw` nefariously?
Comment: All the functions should have logic to defend themselves against attackers. In this case, a `withdraw` function should only allowed authorized users to withdraw funds, or their own funds. I did not implement such a logic just to keep the example simple and event focused.
Comment: understood, and well the above merely declares and logs `withdraw` events right? Events don't necessarily define actions (what can be done to a smart contract) ex ante, if not never?
Comment: Events should be emitted when something important and useful happens in a smart contract. If you exchange tokens on a smart contract, an event should be emitted with the information of that exchange. If you bought an NFT, an event should be emitted with the details of that purchase. If you authorized another user to spend x amount of your ERC20 tokens, an event with that information should be emitted. This way your wallet or any other client can subscribe to these events and inform you right away of what happened, update a ui, etc.
Answer: Events are offchain logs to allow third parties, API or bots to listen to a contract and know what's happening with this contract, or contract's storage.
It's good practice to emit an event when funds are moved or things like that.
For example, in the open zeppelin ERC20 smart contract, the function approve()
    function _approve(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

emits the 'Approval' event on the last line, with 3 arguments, the address of the owner of the funds, the address allowed to spend the owner's funds and the amount of erc20 the owners allows the spender to spend.
More from the open zepellin's contract:
Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.

Hope this helps!
Comment: Is the function `approval` always a Solidity event? What are some other functions or arguments that count as Events? Why don't personal wallets have Events. please add these answers to above.

What are Solidity Events in Etherscan?


Are there any $\mathbb{Q}_p$ which contains the third root of unity?

Question: I am having trouble seeing the following: Let $\mathbb{Q}_p$ be $p$ adic numbers. And $\zeta$ be the third root of unity, so that $\zeta^3 = 1$. Does there exist $p$ for which $\zeta \in \mathbb{Q}_p$? Any comments are appreciated. Thank you.
Comment: Nitpick: You really shouldn't first describe an element, here $\zeta$, and then ask which fields it belongs to. By the act of calling it a third root of unity you already tacitly assumed at least a ring where this element resides in. For otherwise how could you compare $1$ and $\zeta^3$. Also, there is no obvious way to relate the third roots of unity in the field $\Bbb{Q}_7$ to those in $\Bbb{Q}_{13}$ and to those in $\Bbb{C}$ etc. I would phrase this as: *which of the fields $\Bbb{Q}_p$ have third roots of unity?* or some such.
Comment: See section $3$ in K. Conrad's notes [here](http://www.math.uconn.edu/~kconrad/blurbs/gradnumthy/hensel.pdf) about the roots of unity in $\mathbb{Q}_p$ via Hensel's Lemma.
Comment: @JyrkiLahtonen, could you please elaborate on the last two sentences?
Answer: If $3 \mid (p-1)$, then by the cyclicity of $\Bbb F_p^\times$, there's a third root of unity in $\Bbb F_p^\times$
As the third cyclotomic polynomial is separable mod $p$ for $p \neq 3$, we can lift this solution of $x^2+x+1$ by Hensel's lemma.
Answer: For odd $p$, the roots of unity within $\Bbb Q_p$ are the $(p-1)$-th roots of unity (think about the Teichmuller map). So $\Bbb Q_p$ contains all $r$-th roots of unity iff $r\mid(p-1)$.
Answer: In fact, if $p$ is an odd prime, $\mathbf{Q}_p$ contains exactly the $(p-1)$st roots of unity (this is sometimes used to show that for odd primes, $\mathbf{Q}_p$ and $\mathbf{Q}_q$ are not isomorphic). This statement is proved by considering the polynomial $x^{p}-x$ in $\mathbf{Z}_p[x]$ and noting that it splits in $\mathbf{F}_p$, and then applying Hensel's Lemma we get that it splits in $\mathbf{Z}_p$. So consider $p=13$. Then $\mathbf{Q}_{13}$ contains all the $12$th roots of unity, hence contains the cube roots of unity. It's probably not too hard to construct a cube root of unity in $\mathbf{Q}_{13}$ explicitly.
Comment: By $\mathbf Z_p$ you mean $\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$, I guess. In a context where $\mathbf Q_p$ is also used that's weird :-)
Comment: I meant that the polynomial splits in $\mathbf{Z}/p\mathbf{Z}$, and then applying Hensel's Lemma repeatedly we get that it splits in the actual $\mathbf{Z}_p$.


running Macro's in Excel Workbooks stored in SharePoint

Question: I am new to Sharepoint i am trying to upload a workbook with macros in it on sharepoint. I am not able to run the macros directly on the sharepoint but have to check out and run it. any and all help will be appreciated
Answer: When you open an Excel workbook that's saved on SharePoint in the browser there will be a limited number of features available to you. One of the things you can't do is run macros. This is by design.
You will have to open the workbook using Excel installed on your local machine to run any macros.
See here for official confirmation of this from Microsoft, which says:

Excel macro-enabled workbook (.xlsm)
  A workbook in this format can be opened but macros do not run in a browser window.
Answer: With the reference to Differences-between-using-a-workbook-in-the-browser-and-in-Excel, you can't run Macros on SharePoint Excel online.
However, if you actually mean you have uploaded the .xlsm file to a document library then you should be able to open the file and provided you have responded to the prompts correctly then the macros should be enabled and function.
One of these is to enable content followed by do you want to make this a trusted document, once you've passed this the file will open without prompting.
So if you are experiencing issues you will need to check the settings under File, Options and Trust Center to see what may be causing the issue.
Answer: I was running into the same problem in Word.  As it turns out, you have to "Enable All Macros" in the Trust Center.


Windows 7 shutdown/restart/logout dialog

Question: On Windows XP I had it set so that when I pressed the power button it would ask me if I wanted to shut down, restart, stand by or log out. This does not appear to be an option in Windows 7. Is there any way I can enable this function?
Comment: wouldn't that be a BIOS setting?
Answer: The default action for the Power button on the start menu in Windows 7 is shutdown, and in Vista is Sleep, which isn't necessarily useful for everybody, so we'll explain how to change it here.
Change Windows 7 Shutdown Button
Windows 7 makes it really easy – just head into the Start Menu / Taskbar preferences by right-clicking on the start menu and choosing Properties.
All you need to do is change the drop-down for Power Button Action to whatever you would prefer.
Change Windows Vista Power Buttons
You can configure this setting easily by using the advanced power settings panel, which is a little tricky to get to normally, but we'll take the shortcut.
Open a command prompt (type cmd into the start menu search bar), and then type in the following:
powercfg.cpl,1

You could also take the long route (Control Panel \ Power Options \ Change Plan Settings \ Change Advanced Power Settings)
Once you get to this dialog, browse down to "Power buttons and lid"
From here, you can change the options:
Power button action – Changes the hardware power button action
Start menu power button – Changes the power button on the Start Menu

You can change the power button to either Sleep, Hibernate or Shut Down, or even nothing for the hardware power button.
Comment: I actually want it to pop up a dialog and ask me what to do every time I press the power button, the way you can do it in Windows XP. Setting it to shut down or power off seems a bit dangerous, and I already have a shortcut key for standby.
Comment: What you've asked for has been depricated in favor of the new functionaility as Nasenbaer described.


How do I cook chicken skins on the grill – but only the skin?

Question: I want to cook chicken skins on the grill – but only the skin, no meat. My kids like the seasoning and crunch of the skin and always leave a skinless drumstick behind, so I want to just cook the skins so I don't have to eat a bunch of chicken meat by itself. Is this even possible, and if it is, does anyone have a good recipe or idea?
Answer: Edit for details - thanks moscafj
Yakitori - Japanese grilled chicken skewers - may be a good option for you if you want to stick with grilling. It's generally seasoned with just salt and white pepper, or a sweet soy sauce/teriyaki style glaze.
Yakitori comes in many varieties based on the parts of chicken used, and chicken skin-only skewers are known as 'kawa yakitori'. You can separate the skin from muscle on thighs, breasts, etc., skewer and season them separately, and grill them together for a variety of skewers in the same meal. Serious Eats has a recipe for chicken thigh and green onion yakitori, as well as a more detailed article on yakitori culture.
The texture will vary with how you prepare the skin for skewering. Tightly rolling the skin into cylinders would keep the centre from rendering too much and remain soft as the outside crisps, while a looser roll or sheet will crisp up more.
Comment: These look a lot like german "Grillfackeln" which is thin pork belly on a stick
Answer: My personal experience is to avoid the grill.  The fat runs down and the flares may consume it very quickly if you are not babysitting it.
I recommend that you use an air fryer.  It will look golden brown and with a nice crisp taste.  You will need to turn it over at least once.
Comment: +1 Though maybe not so "absolutism". My Trager wood grill wouldn't likely suffer from many flareups due to it's drip tray design; I'd trust it to not overkill. Similarly, the recommendation about flipping in the air fryer only applies to those with baskets. My PowerXL air fryer has racks that you place things on, and a tray on the bottom with these fins that help direct air flow back up. Most things I put in there cook fairly evenly as a result.
Comment: Reasonable, and even better if you have an air fryer....but the OP specifically asked for advice about cooking on the grill.
Answer: I would avoid the grill as you may get some severe flare-ups as the fat renders out of the skin. Unless you are using a broiler like grill, it will be difficult to control the temperature as well.
A better solution would be to get a heavy bottomed pan e.g. cast iron, and heat until blistering hot. Add the chicken skins, and use a chefs press or a large spatula to press the skin evenly against the heat, turning as required. The chicken fat will render out and can be poured away for reuse or disposal, depending on the heat applied you may need to remove this part way through and clean the pan if it starts smoking.


c++ /ubuntu about .a and .so

Question: HI,
I would like to ask what is better to use: the .a or the .so file? If i have for example an .so(or .a) and the header.h file can i use these 2 in a test.cpp code without needing the header.cpp? Can i go on a computer just with these 2 and create my own test program?
Secondly I would like to ask if .a is better to use what is the command in ubuntu for creating the .a file? And one more question. Do I necessarly need to use extern "C" class* object() {return new class} in the header.cpp. Or can i use extern"C" in the test.cpp code after i include the .a or .so and the .h file? THX!
The compile command is: g++ test.cpp -o test -ldl (//i dont want to include header.cpp here in the command line when i compile the test.cpp code
Comment: There are several questions here and should be split up - then I suspect found as duplicates - please search SO first
Answer: .a and .so serve different purposes. One is for statically linking the other one is for shared linking to your library. Search for these terms and you should get a fair amount of answers.

c++ /ubuntu about .a and .so


I dont know how I can save project to ipa

Question: Thank you
I learned a lot from this site
I have a question
I finished the application is running
webview
But I remain one step keeping the program
And send it to the iPhone to try it on two ipa
I want to save formulas ipa
Thank you
Comment: Could the next thing u learn please be, how to use a dot (.) in english language?
Answer: Running "Build and Archive" from the Build menu in Xcode will create an ipa file.
Answer: You can't just save an app as an IPA. Only if you submit it to the app store with a proper developer's license will they then distribute it in the store in that format
Answer: Stepwise Procedure to create an IPA file,
1.First of all,choose your device as IOS Device in Scheme near Breakpoint tab in Xcode.
2.In Xcode menu,Product->Clean and build your application.
3.If the provisioning certificate is not valid,it will lead to build failed with an error.If so you have to change it to a valid certificate through your project->build settings.Else if build succeeded just leave this step.
4.Then select Product->archive,it will create an archive file in Organiser->archives and open it up for you after archive finished.
5.choose share tab in Organiser followed by contents->.ipa and Identity->choose your valid distribution certificate and click next.
6.within a minute it will ask name for your IPA file to save.Give a name and save it in Desktop.
7.Open iTunes and drag and drop your IPA file in Library->Apps.
8.Now connect and select your Device in itunes->choose apps tab under it and sync your app ipa to the Device.It will install your IPA file to the device.
9.Thats all.Now you can run your App IPA file in your device.


Can i embed a iframe into the alert box in visualforce?

Question: I have requirement in which on a certain condition i have to show an alert box in which i will have a link and a button. On click of the link i have to do some logic and do some DML operations. What i want to do is that i want to show a custom visualforce page having the link and button and show that page in a iframe in the alert box.
Is this possible or i have to look other way around. Also is there anyway i can i can do this by jquery.
Answer: You can't use JavaScript's alert function, but you could create a popup div element that contains the logic you would like to use. One sound method for this would be something like a Lightbox, where the content would be hosted in a fixed position, z-indexed div that hovers over the rest of the page content. There are numerous examples for this online. I've personally used this on several occasions with success, although I don't have a convenient example I can copy and paste. The iframe isn't strictly necessary, since you could just graft the DOM elements directly into the Visualforce page's DOM, but that is purely a matter of preference.
Comment: Pretty neat solution for sure. Thanks.
One thing also i want to add that isn't it possible by some other means i could do this functionality.(without adding the lightbox js and images in my static folder) a built in thing for salesforce or in javascript.
Comment: @NaveenRaw Not sure if this is a clarification question, but in short, yes, there is no publicly available, Salesforce-native means of accomplishing your goal. Salesforce uses lightboxes for inline editing, etc, but these aren't publicly documented and can't be relied on. You do not need to use a static resource and/or a library; I've written a lightbox in just a couple dozen lines of code, it's not hard.
Comment: Okay. will try that. one day will catch up with you on making such fine coding of writing lightbox in only dozen of lines !.. thanks.
Answer: Here is what you can do
Create a custom button and fill in the details and in "Behavior Section" choose "Execute JavaScript" and for "Content Source" choose "OnClick JavaScript",and in the code section paste the following code

{!REQUIRESCRIPT("https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js")}
    function showSimpleDialog(){
   var sd = new SimpleDialog("Test"+Dialogs.getNextId(), true);
   sd.setTitle("Simple Dialog");
   sd.createDialog();
   window.parent.sd = sd;  sd.setWidth("50%");
  //Specify the iFrame and give URL of VF page
    sd.setContentInnerHTML("");

    if ($(sd.dialog).find('#InlineEditDialogX').size() == 0) {
    var close = $("Close");

    close.mouseover(function() {

    this.className = 'dialogCloseOn';
    }).mouseout(function() {
    this.className = 'dialogClose';
    }).click(function() {

    // finally our on click handler which closes the dialog
    sd.hide();
    });
    // insert the new generated close button before the h2 tag so it'll show up on the top right corner
    close.insertBefore($(sd.dialog).find('.topLeft h2'));
    } sd.show(); } showSimpleDialog();

This will bring up a modal where you can display your visual force page through iFrame and further through controller you can do all the DML operations.
Comment: You cant close it with iframe's VF page
What you can do is after "sd.hide" type "window.location.reload(true)" this will refresh the parent page
Comment: Thanks Pawan. This is exactly something that i wanted. But in the sd.setContentInnerHTML(""); when i am putting my iframe in the this, in the src attribute of it i can't enter my complete url coz it's having paprameter's as well. Can you please tell me how could i make this url work.??  i.e. my url is something lyk this /apex/testpage?id='a1234567890789'&name='test'
Can you please help me on this..
Comment: done it(just have to add the +url+ in the url). Thanks. The solution works as per my requirement.
Comment: How can i close the dialog box from my iframe's VF page. And re-render my parent VF page to new href from the child VF page(i.e. in the iFrame).


Why did these bones go all funky?

Question: I opened my blender project today and for some reason certain bones of the armature are scaled weirdly and are out of place. The model still moves correctly, but this just seems weird. Sorry if it's a dumb question, I'm a blender newbie.
Answer: Well, you could select the bones that are over the others, or
interfering and send them to a second layer. Select the bones you want and press M, then in layer click the one you want to send them.

Why did these bones go all funky?


What creature or vehicle has the fastest unmodified speed?

Question: What creature or vehicle has the fastest speed without any magical or psionic effects, and without any feats or items, AND without any templates or class levels, in 3.5 D&D? In short, no modifications of any kind. Just looking for something published as-is that I can point to.
Comment: Welcome to the site! Take the [tour]. Although it may seem weird, you may have better luck with being *really* specific, to the tune of something like *What monster printed in official material has the highest* Speed *entry in its stat block?* (or whatever it is you're looking for). Even with how specific the question is now, it doesn't exclude, for example, monsters with class levels or templates. Anyway, thank you for participating and have fun!
Comment: This very much seems like a 'do the work for me' question.
Answer: Within the SRD, there are epic dragons, capable of 350 ft/rnd movement (the wyrm and great wyrm force and prismatic dragons are all capable of this speed). Although, a blink dog can beat its double move speed (720 ft. dimension door as a free action supernatural action, followed by a double move of 80 ft. for 800 ft.). An epic dragon can move 700 ft as a double action, or 1400 feet as a run action. The blink dog can run after a dimension door for a total of 880 ft. of movement (or 920 ft. if you allow it to use the run feat, which the base creature is shown to have). Either way, it is slower than an epic dragon taking the run action while flying.
If you wish to look beyond the SRD, I believe you are still going to need magic to beat that speed. Once you allow magic, Spelljammer ships can reach speeds of 1/161 the speed of light, but they are listed as having that speed as their base maximum when you allow magic (called Cruising Speed).


Still I don't know how to use modifiers properly

Question: For example, a blueberry is blue fruit and if the fruit becomes yellow, is it called 'Yellow blueberry'? That is, 'yellow' is modifying 'blueberry'?
Comment: A blueberry is a species of fruit, and immature blueberries are green, so it's perfectly acceptable to refer to a "green blueberry" as meaning one that isn't ripe yet.
Comment: Yes: "yellow" is an adjective modifying the noun "blueberry".
Comment: Curiously, it turns out I completely agree with the assertion [*The color of **green** **black**berries is **red***.](https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=%22The+color+of+green+blackberries+is+red%22) In that context, ***black*** simply identifies a particular *variety* of berry, and ***green*** means ***unripe***, so only ***red*** is used "literally" to identify a specific ***colour***.
Answer: In every compound noun the first noun functions as an adjective. School Student.
My brother - here my functions as possessive adjective.
Blueberry has many types it is not appropriate to say yellow blueberry; however, we can use the yellow blueberry.
Comment: 'It is not appropriate' means there's no yellow blueberry in reality but there could be imaginary yellow blueberry or yellow blueberry drawing?
Comment: Then it is a yellow blueberry drawing. Here yellow functions as an adjective.
Comment: That's incorrect: in "my brothers", "my" is a possessive **pronoun** functioning as a **determiner**. Also, "my brother" is not a compound noun, but a **noun phrase**, a  syntactic construction consisting of "brother" as head and "my" as determiner.
Comment: Hey there, My functions as an adjective in the above sentence. Mine is possessive pronoun. Try to expand your knowledge of English grammar.


Why doesn't Chen Guo find out who Ye Xiu is?

Question: Why doesn't Chen Guo, the net cafe owner, find out that Ye Xiu is the Battle God of Glory? Doesn't his friend Tan Rou who is playing with him also know it?
Comment: when you say "he is the GOD of GLORY" who is he?
Answer: The net cafe owner, Chen Guo, does not find out that Ye Xiu is the god of glory because she just thinks that he is another slacker addicted to the game of glory. [Taken from The King's Avatar wikia]

He asks Chen Guo about the job flyer, requesting a night Network Manager, for the cafe. Since the job hours are so undesirable, she gives him the job, which includes food and shelter. The room he is given is a storage room filled with boxes, and only a meager bed in the corner.
When the countdown for the tenth server ends and the server opens, Ye Xiu opens up a guide. He tells Chen Guo that he is actually Ye Qiu, and Chen Guo jokingly retorts that she is Su Mucheng.

No, her friend, Tang Rou, is an absolute newbie to the game and finds about the games through her friend Chen Guo. And although she understands the absolute superiority of Ye Xiu, she doesn't know that he is the god of glory until later when he starts attracting the attention of guilds and in turn pro players.
Comment: but after getting all that attention y doest tang rou tell her frnd that he is a pro n most probably the god of glory as he also joined the cafe at the same time when new announced his retirement
Comment: did you see the episode where in chen guo cries that ye qiu retired ? although chen guo herself agrees upon the level of expertise that ye xiu has  she doesn't believe him in the slightest . Tang rou is not really familiar with the pro scene and doesn't care about it much until she actually experiences some of it at a later point in time .
Answer: As I recall, Chen Guo did not believe Ye Xiu when he told her that he really is Ye Xiu, The Battle God of Glory, and Tang Rou has no idea who Ye Xiu really is.
!!! This is a spoiler from the Light Novel !!!

 No worries though, because they will soon find out during the All-Star Weekend and from there Ye Xiu will tell his story.


Prove that $F'(x) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty F_n'(x)$ almost everywhere.

Question: Suppose $F_n$ is a sequence of increasing non-negative right continuous functions on $[0,1]$ such that $\sup_n F_n(1) < \infty$. Let $F = \sum_{n=1}^\infty F_n$ and suppose that $F(1) < \infty$. Prove that
$$F'(x) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty F_n'(x)$$
for almost every $x$.
My Attempt: Let $m$ be Lebesgue measure on $[0,1]$ and let $\mu$ be the Lebesgue-Steiltjes measure induced by the increasing function $F$.  Since $\mu$ and $m$ are both finite, we can apply the Lebesgue Decomposition Theorem to get the decomposition $\mu = \lambda + \rho$.  Also, for each $n$, we get an induced Lebesgue-Steiltjes measure, $\mu_n$. Applying LDT for each $n$, we get $\mu_n = \lambda_n+\rho_n$, $m\perp\lambda$, and $\rho \ll m$. Since $F'$ exists a.e., we have
\begin{align*}
F'(x) &= \lim_{r\to 0} \frac{F(x+r) - F(x)}{(x+r)-x}\\
&= \lim_{r\to0}\frac{\sum_n[F_n(x+r) - F_n(x)]}{(x+r)-x}\\
&= \lim_{r\to0} \frac{\sum_n\mu_n((x,x+r])}{m((x,x+r])}\\
&= \lim_{r\to0} \frac{\sum_n\lambda_n((x,x+r])}{m((x,x+r])}+ \frac{\sum_n\rho_n((x,x+r])}{m((x,x+r])}\\
&=0 + \lim_{r\to0}\frac{1}{m((x,x+r])}\int_{(x,x+r]}\sum_nF_n'(y)dm
\end{align*}
We know that our Radon-Nikodym Derivatives are unique and thus, justifying the use of $F_n'(x)$ inside the integral. Since our measure space is finite and $(x,x+r] \subset [0,1]$, our functions $F_n'$ are locally integrable. Thus, we get that
$$F'(x)  = \sum_nF_n'(x).$$
My problem is that I don't quite see where I'm using the conditions $\sup_n F_n(1) < \infty $ and $F(1) < \infty$.
Comment: does any1 have any hints or tips for this exercise?
Answer: See  page 25 of thispdf. For a different proof.


Is It possible to install 240V dryer outlet In my condo with 100 Amp panel

Question: In my my 1 bedroom condo I have an electrical panel 100 AMP photo below,
I'm looking to install a 240V dryer plug. I currently have a washer dryer in one combo that runs on a 120V outlet with water hook up already installed. I just wanted to know if this is possible as I would like to eventually switch to a separate washer, and ventless dryer which runs on a 240V outlet.
Comment: Can you get us the physical dimensions of this panel? (height by width)
Answer: The good news: you could move breaker 11 to 1 or 9 and then put a double breaker in 10/11.
The bad news: these panels have a very bad reputation. See https://inspectapedia.com/fpe/Federal_Pioneer_Panel_Safety.php and Federal Pioneer panel safety  for some details. It is a good idea to get a reputable electrician to check the panel and possibly replace it.
Comment: @nobody -- the OG stabloks are bad news even in Canada -- the Schneider-built ones *may* be better, but it's hard to tell
Comment: The  French on the label suggests this unit is a Canadian model, which have far fewer problems than the US models.
Answer: FYI, here is how your panel is phased (behind the curtain).  Notice how 240V breakers are positioned so half is on each phase.  Your 30A/240V dryer breaker will need the same.

Remember you must use /3+ground cable to a dryer.  Using /2+ground is not allowed, because dryers need neutral, and the exemption that once allowed bootlegging ground off neutral has been gone for decades.
Comment: Amazing how they can get all the subatomic particles to organize by [color](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_charge).


Change Razer mechanical keyboard to qwertz?

Question: Is it possible to change the Razer mechanical keyboard from azerty to qwertz layout? I have seen the key cups get off very easily can you just change the key cups and it gives me qwertz layout?
Answer: You can change the alphanumeric keys, if they come off easily without breaking them ofcourse. You might need different key caps for the special keys to fit the qwertz layout. Don't forget to change the input method in your OS.
Comment: @Thandruill:I forgot the special keys. Maybe its not so good idea. Thanks!


It's embarrassing for her, having me for a brother

Question: I found this sentence on a book. As I feel the part, 'having me for a brother' describes the pronoun, 'it', not 'she'. Shouldn't the sentence start with 'she'?
Answer: It in this sentence is a dummy subject,  only a placeholder for the real subject that comes later in the clause: having me for a brother.
Every English sentence except for imperatives (Visit us often!) must have an explicit subject.

It's hot today. It's snowing in Aspen. It was raining hard when we left.

A dummy subject can also be used to change the topicality — what's important to the speaker — by reordering the sentence:

But it was my car he wrecked, not yours.

The speaker wishes to stress whose car was wrecked, i.e., the direct object, by placing it first, not the subject he.
Now your example sentence pulls a few tricks to show what's important to the brother. The order chosen is likely designed to elicit an emotional response.
Normal word order for your sentence in active voice would be:

Having me for a brother embarrasses her.

The speaker can give the sister more importance by using a passive construction:

She is embarrassed [by] having me for a brother.

The speaker can also stress the sister's embarrassment instead of the sister herself:

It is embarrassing for her, having me for a brother.

I would suggest that most would respond to the first two examples by wondering why the sister found her brother so embarrassing. The third sentence, however, is likely to elicit sympathy for the brother.
Comment: "It" is specifically is an example of [*it*-extraposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraposition#It-extraposition).


get data from a website

Question: How can  i scrap(get ) the data from a website.
Example :- I have a site say www.getfinancialdata.com
now i want to grab the data by running a script/url frm my system to this website and then
sorting the data and save in spreadsheet.
I have done this thing for a simple website where i can view the HTML content in the body of a web page (after i do view source code)
But my problem is bit compex  when i view the source i see it is the DOM data(no simple html content)there are jquery functions which populate the data .
ow can i grab the data from DOM(Jquery)
Answer: I've had success using Selenium to scrape sites that use a lot of javascript. If it shows up in a browser, you can get it with Selenium. It's Java but there are bindings to drive it from your favorite scripting language; I use Python.
You may also want to look into headless browsers like Crowbar and PhantomJS. The thing I like about selenium is that being able to watch it drive the browser helps my debugging. Also there is a Firefox plugin (the IDE) that can generate some basic code to get you started... you just click along and it'll record what you've done (that code will definitely always need massaging/massive editing, but it's helpful while you're learning how to do this).
Note that this is a surprisingly hard thing to do. Especially on a large scale. Websites are messy, they are different from one another, and they change over time. This makes scraping either infuriating or a fun challenge, depending on your attitude.
Answer: if the "www.getfinancialdata.com" is owned by yourself, it is recommended to use the webservice or webapi to communicate with your clients. You will get clean xml data or json data rather than html codes.
Comment: I'm more than sure that the website is not owned by the OP, because if it were, why would he/she need to extract information from the website and not the database directly?
Comment: No,It is not owned by me.I want to get the data from this site by building a scrapper .

get data from a website


limit bandwidth and space usage of each Virtual Host?

Question: I am starting a small web hosting company to teach me about system administration and one of the problems I am having is how would I limit the bandwidth and disk space of each virtual host (Debain/nginx)? Or am I going about it the wrong way and should not use virtual hosts?
Comment: I absolutally agree that doing it is the best way to learn, and I applaud your initative. However a web hosting company generally has someone who already knows what they're doing, because you don't want to lose everyone's data by accident because you're still learning - even if they haven't paid you any money for it.
Comment: Sorry, I thought I posted it on server fault, and it is not really serious, it will be a free web host with small limits.
Answer: I have used mod_bandwidth to restrict bandwidth. It can be used per directory, per file, etc... so, you just have to configure it per VirtualHost.
For the Disk Space, just use the quota. Create a unix account per customer, and assign them the quota. That should be quite well documented in the web.
Comment: But throttling bandwidth pushes load back onto the server - so you could end up with a DOS
Answer: Some quick Googling shows me that you could use a Squid proxy to set queues for data called 'data pools'.
You can apparently also use IPROUTE2 and TC (can't post link, I'm not awesome enough)
From http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/Bandwidth-Limiting-HOWTO.html#AEN65

Apart from normal caching, Squid has a special feature called delay pools. Thanks to delay pools, it is possible to limit internet traffic in a reasonable way, depending on so-called 'magic words', existing in any given URL. For example, a magic word could be '.mp3', '.exe' or '.avi', etc. Any distinct part of a URL (such as .avi) can be defined as a magic word.

Also see an article on serverwatch.com titled Reining-in-Bandwidth-With-Squid-Proxying
Squid is probably the simplest way, and you can do a lot of other cool things with it, too.
Answer: Its not simple. I suspect that it won't be possible simply using vhosts to enforce limits unless you put a scripted proxy in front of the webserver (and that only addresses the bandwidth problem, unless you restrict file uploads to a scripted web interface).
But surely it makes more sense from a business point of view to sell a package which includes X bandwidth and Y disk usage then bill the customer for excesses (which you can measure easily from the disk footprint and the access logs).
C.
Comment: That doesn't work if the customer degrades service to other customers. Even if you bill for overages, you still usually need a limit. (Plus, your $50/year customer may balk at the $1,000 bill if they host a video that goes viral. So you usually still need a limit.)
Answer: To limit total bandwidth usage refer to the KikoV answer, I'm discussing about limiting disk space.
In fact there's no straight way to limit disk space, but you have two options:

You can schedule a script which
calculates used disk space for
example every day and bans/alerts
exceeded clients.
You can create a
system user for each of your clients
and use the file system quota
manager. Read this article for
more information.


Lego Commando Droid original or fake Legs

Question: I have some LEGO Commando Droids. The torso, head and arms are original with the LEGO logo, but the legs have no logo. They do however have numbers on them (here 2, on others 4 or 3) The legs are in terms of form and material identical to the original legs.
Comment: The ones of mine I just looked at also seem to lack any copyright mark or the word Lego or part number. I sometimes wonder what the most recent piece Lego has made that lacks all these things.
Answer: It seems unusual that somebody would go through the effort to fake the legs but not the rest of the droid.
It also not uncommon for official LEGO parts to exclude either a part ID or LEGO copyright stamp, this could be because the part was manufactured before it was the standard but most likely through design considerations.
It looks like there are no flat/continuous surfaces where either of these markings could be made legibly and without spoiling the characteristics of the part.
Looking at official set photos as well as reviews seems to prove that these parts are most likely real.
Answer: Looking at the pictures of this element I found that some, probably early version, indeed have a part number in plain visibility. Sometimes when mold worn out and LEGO makes a new one they could update the location of the marking. Making it far less visible and using hair thin text.
I don't have this element to tell for sure if this element is fake or not. However, I could suggest couple of other places to look for. First, the most obvious one - check if logo and/or part number haven't moved to the very bottom of the legs (the under stud part of it).
Next option, which is a little more interesting and not as obvious, might be already seen on one of your pictures (below). Picture is a little fuzzy, but the shading tells me there could be some text rotated counter-clock wise.
Comment: I had gone to grab one because I had assumed it would have the logo molded under the feet. I also checked between the feet like in this photo. Mine doesn't have anything in either place.


how far would a forcibly undeveloped world be able to get in 1000 years if they were left with fundamental concepts of today

Question: First, to set the stage: a magical emperor had forcibly taken over the world, and destroyed pretty much all actual physical technology that would be any unreasonable stretch ahead of 1500s, but after 18 years, he is defeated, and the people are left with the concepts of today. They are left for a thousand years, and coming back, how far would they be?
Comment: That very much depends on what exactly the magician has destroyed and how they destroyed them, doesn't it? (And of course, the vast majority of people would be dead within a few weeks of the destruction anyway, let alone 18 years.) (For example: does "all actual physical technology" include books? Note that most books are offset printed, and offset printing is an ureasonable stretch ahead of the 1500s. Or, on a different approach, what did he do with all the aluminium and stainless steel, which are actual physical materials which would have been utterly impossible to make in the 16th century?)
Comment: Could you please expand on what you define by technology? Or do you just mean anything that could be made in that time period? Ive seen worse first attempts through
Comment: I'm voting to close this question because this is yet another variant of an old question asked multiple times here with varying time-constraints and level of development. Any of those generic answers is valid to this one.
Answer: This question has been asked a lot on this site
The questions I've personally been involved with:

How many years would it take to reach an industrial revolution level of life from scratch?
How far would technology have progressed for a 100 person tribe with knowledge of current technology in 15 years?
How long would it take to create a Windows 1.0 capable machine from complete scratch?
Creating a chemical industry from a medieval tech level without petroleum
Speedrun to the moon in one lifetime?

Here's the simple reality that affects all these questions...
Infrastructure: Without the infrastructure, it doesn't matter how much you know. I'm an electrical engineer with BiCMOS design experience and I can tell you that if I suddenly arrived... if everybody I've ever known in my life relating to my BiCMOS experience suddenly arrived... in the 1500s, it would take exactly the same amount of time to get to building BiCMOS circuits because the infrastructure is missing. I'm talking about the buildings that build the screwdrivers that let you build the machines that build the machines that build the machines that build the machines that allow you to etch micron-wide metal on a silicon substrate. We'd all be dead before the second generation of buildings, and the thousands (and eventually millions) of people trained to work in those buildings, were built. That missing infrastructure and all the technology that comes from it isn't handwavable. It's the single biggest insurmountable problem.
Exponential Growth: 99.9% of all human technology was invented in the last 150 years. From 1501 it took 370+ years to build the infrastructure necessary just to get to the ancient and honorable beginnings of modern electricity. Knowing about electricity doesn't mean you have the ability to extrude hair-thin enamel-coated wire to make motors and generators anytime soon.
Inadequate Preservation: People forget. The technology to easily recover what's in all those heads doesn't exist in the 1500s. It doesn't really exist today, but what we have today could be made to work with a concerted effort. But in the 1500s people are scribbling as fast as they can with iron gall ink on scraps of crappy paper and hoping manual type setting and hand-carved etchings can keep up with what they're trying to write down before they forget incredibly important chunks of information (hopefully nobody makes a mistake!). And this doesn't address the lack of convenient distribution of knowledge. We take planetary instantaneous communication for granted today. I play real time games with people in Turkey! Back then, you can't even reach everybody, and who you can are only reached at the speed of wind or horse.
Short Lifespans: If everyone on the planet, millions of people, had 2000's era technical knowledge it doesn't change the fact that they need to get specific kinds of knowledge together amazingly quickly with all the necessary labor... and all the necessary logistical support... before enough info is lost to build just the first generation of buildings and equipment. Unfortunately, there are no supermarkets, no mass farms or animal factories... people are still planting with plows and horses. The majority of your knowledgeable people are actually very busy just keeping people fed. And none of this deals with the fact that lifespans are on average much shorter in the 1500s because no one has access to modern medicine. The second wave of the Black Death occurred in the 1500s. A great many of the people you're depending on to advance technology just died.
The Technology Pyramid: Finally, it's really important to realize that technology is a massive pyramid of knowledge, experience, innovation, and mistakes. I know how to design BiCMOS chips. I don't know how to make the tools that make the chips. I don't have the programming skills to write the software that lets me do it. I don't have the knowledge to build the buildings. I don't even have the knowledge to plant more than a garden. Your average individual is massively specialized. But that doesn't really matter. Because even if you had access to libraries that had all the books (they won't, but let's pretend they do) that can get you from building a fire by rubbing two sticks together to building BiCMOS circuits... most of those books would be destroyed for one reason or another long before you can use them. Remember, your lifespan is short. That means a ferocious amount of time must be spent training children who are needed in the fields to feed people.
The problem is you're working from the assumption that all knowledge can advance human society. The truth is, in the 1500s where not a single computer exists, everyone who went to school to become Computer Science majors are worthless. They have nothing to program. Everyone who went to school to make plastic or gasoline are worthless, because only the most basic chemistry can be done for centuries. Keep in mind that most of your population are lawyers, hair dressers, retailers... people who won't be capable of contributing to advancing technology at all. The vast majority of people can't help and of those remaining, they're missing all of the infrastructure necessary to allow them to contribute. I build BiCMOS circuits... but I only have a vague memory of how Berkeley built the first cat hair Bipolar transistor. And you need to pass through that point before you can do what I know how to do.
Conclusion
So, when you ask how far your society would get from, say, 1501 given modern day knowledge and a goal of 1,000 years?
With the suspension-of-disbelief exception of being 10-50 years quicker, they'll achieve 2501 technology on January 1, 2501.
BUT!
Why do you care? It's your world. Change the rules! Ignore the Real World because the Real World is boring (or none of us would be here). Choose how quickly you want people to advance and go do it. Our opinion doesn't matter and you should not be constrained by the rules of the Real World.
Comment: About your example of enameled wire: wire-drawing and shellacking were both already old technology by the 1500s (maybe not *ludicrously* thin wire, but 0.5mm would suffice for starters, and jewelers would have no problem with that). Someone with the plans could *absolutely* make a one-off electric motor or generator using available materials and techniques. Mass production is another thing, but that's a matter of *concepts*. One good book and a generation or two, and you're set.
Comment: @hobbs I understand your point, but the goal is 2000s tech (OK, 2500s tech, but you get my point). The wire draw in the 1500s can't produce thin enough wire and shellacking in the 1500's can't withstand winding.
Comment: I'm not buying it. Simply knowing that the modern world *can* be rebuilt would speed the process enormously. Instead of forging an uncertain path to an uncertain destination, now people would *know* guns and steam engines and automobiles are possible, and they would want them again, and devote way more economic resources towards making them than were devoted the first time.
Comment: @causative The first generation would know guns and steam engines. The second would begin to doubt. The third would relegate it to myth. And the fourth would tell stories about the ideas to frighten their children. Passing the certainty you embrace to the next generation is so hard that we still have trouble with it. The tenth generation would rediscover some of the "ancient writings" and ascribe the same belief to it as we today do to Atlantis. I applaud your enthusiasm - but wait a few years and discover for yourself the first time you only remember once knowing something.
Comment: I do suspect a great deal of time could be saved if the magical despot killed all current nations and mandated a highly standardized education for his populace. If current nations and religions are gone a huge amount of current strife will be gone when the Bad Times return. (Not saying those times won't be absolutely dismal, just saying a huge number of factors contributing to strife in the actual 1500s will be gone).
Comment: @SoronelHaetir It's a false presumption that removing nations and religions (etc) would magically make humanity get along. John Lennon, may he rest in peace, was one of my favorite singers. But he was also dead wrong. Humanity is competitive. I can only imagine what would happen with so large a population that most assuredly would have its fair share of sociopaths, psychopaths and just plain selfish people who would instantly start grabbing for power. It's a nice thought. But it wouldn't last very long.
Comment: @JBH: No, like I said, I don't doubt at all that the Bad Times would indeed be very bad. I am simply saying that people who are brought up without the trappings of modern society would not cling to modern society's conflicts. They would create their own conflicts instead. I simply believe that without the weight of history behind those conflicts that it would be a lot easier for groups that don't otherwise have some reason to fight to not do so. That without the history of William's conquest of England English kings wouldn't have spent so much treasure on continental France, for example.
Comment: @SoronelHaetir Curiously, the OP's premise that people have modern science in their heads but are held to 1500s expression of technology means they actually have William's inheritance and all the other pains of humanity up until the mage appeared. In other words, world history as we know it is in play, everybody remembers it, and the only unifying construct is our universal hatred for the emperor, who is now gone. If the [Bosnian Genocide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_genocide) back in the 90s is any proof, we'd be back at each other with gusto (and an arms race).
Answer: Beyond our technology
Simply knowing that the modern world can be rebuilt would speed the process enormously. Instead of forging an uncertain path to an uncertain destination, now people would know guns and steam engines and automobiles are possible, and they would want them again, and devote way more economic resources towards making them than were devoted the first time.
Even with nothing else - with no specific knowledge of how to make anything - this means we would retrace our technological steps several times faster. Simply because we're devoting several times more resources to the task.
But in your scenario we do have specific knowledge, which would again speed up the process by another factor. What you need in the first generation, is a group of interested preservationists with scientific knowledge to write down, in permanent form, as much as they can. Create an oral tradition. Carve it into stone tablets. Write it on parchment. Make sure it is spread far and wide in forms that will last. If that happens, then returning to modern technology will be much quicker, because not only will we know it is possible, we will be able to save a great deal of research time and effort. We'll know exactly what works.
We still won't get there for many generations. At first most everyone is going to be occupied with basic subsistence, which they will be pretty bad at initially. But, assuming enough of the memories are preserved, a few generations down the line people will begin to rebuild.
The first draw will be metallurgy, for swords and plowshares. This can be done fairly immediately, since all you need is a hot furnace and the right ores. The location of these ores is something that could be recorded by the preservationists. Only two or three generations down the line, even to a lesser extent in the first generation, you could have people making metal tools from bronze and later iron.
If you can make metal tools, then making guns and steam engines and the printing press isn't too far off. It's just a matter of making the right pieces of metal in the right shapes, and the preservationists could leave tablets explaining in general what those shapes are and how to forge them. It's quite plausible we could have guns and steam engines and the printing press again within a hundred years. The first faction to achieve this would immediately dominate their region, and moreover they would know it would let them dominate their region, so there is a great incentive for them to do it.
From there, we'd already be approaching the industrial revolution. The main thing stopping us would be the lack of excess population to work in factories and assembly lines, because of everybody who starved in the first generation. But we'd already have tangible evidence that following the tablets of the preservationists leads to huge advantages, and we'd have steam tractors helping us produce more food per farmer, so it would just be a few generations to build up to previous levels.
Anyway, it shouldn't take more than a few hundred years to advance through the industrial revolution - faster than the first time. The modern age would soon follow. And then we'd have at least five hundred years left of the original thousand. So by the time the thousand years are up, we could be colonizing Mars.
Comment: This answer assumes easy access to energy resources. One major reason why certain countries improved technology was their access to energy resources such as large forests, coal mines, and oil fields. Starting over with today's world where nearly all of those are no longer easily available is a huge disadvantage. Location of ores? How does it help a 1500's person to know that Australia had a large ore deposit? North Sea has oil? But can't get to it to use that oil to build technology.
Comment: @DavidR Coal mines are located [all over the world](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-mining_region). Iron ore is mined in about [50 countries](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/iron-ore-statistics-and-information). There are plenty of places around the world where both coal and iron ore can be found, which is all you need for steam engines. To jump start the age of steam you also don't need these things in very large quantities at first, so even a small mine would be sufficient. It would even be easier to get since the open mine is already there.
Comment: Forests also are everywhere. Despite deforestation, there are still plenty of trees everywhere to support the ambitions of a severely-diminished human population, and more trees would grow back within a few generations. Oil is trickier due to the high technological difficulty of drilling and refining, but you don't need oil until later. Steam engines come first.


How does the barrier taunt work?

Question: In chapter 709 of One Piece, Bartolomeo has been seen blocking Elizabello II's king punch with his barrier, while shouting "Barrier". In the translator's comment it stated that this is a common taunt in Japanese school yards. Now how does this taunt work? How would I use it if I were in a Japanese school yard?
Answer: According to 日本語俗語辞書 ("Japanese Slang Dictionary"):

バリアとは、子供が汚い物や人に触れたときに囃して遊ぶときの言葉。
Barrier is a word that children say jeeringly when they touch an object or person that is unclean.

According to the explanation further down on the page: children say this to someone who has touched something unclean to stop the uncleanness from "spreading".
As an example, consider a child who has stepped in dog feces. Having done so, the child will try to chase his friends around (and touch them with his hands like in a game of tag, not with his feet to literally get the dog feces on his friends). If, however, all his friends say "barrier" and trace out some sort of pattern with their hands, the child who stepped in the dog feces will have no choice but to abandon the chase (and remain "it", which I suppose is humiliating to any child).
The dictionary seems to think that this was based on people imitating Ultraman. Seems plausible, I guess.
For an example of someone barrier-ing, the interested reader might like to have a look at episode 5 of Oregairu, around the 6:15 mark.

Note: Since I have never been on a Japanese schoolyard, this answer relies entirely on secondhand sources. An answer from someone who has been a kid in Japan would probably be superior.
Comment: I asked a friend and she basically confirmed what you said. Stuff might have gone lost in multiple translations but this is how I understood what she said. "To protect yourself, you would shout *barrier* like you would be saying *don't touch me* in English.  The barrier would then make it impossible for the child to pass on the thing you wouldn't want passing on".

How does the barrier taunt work?


How to read RCA output from an mbed?

Question: I'm wanting to buy this IR camera but it says it has RCA output. Is it possible to read this into an mbed without external components(aside from a 12v power source)? If so, how?
Answer: By "RCA output" I assume they mean a composite video output.  In order to convert that into some sort of digital image that a microcontroller can use, you would need an extremely fast ADC, or simply a video decoder (i.e. one from Maxim IC, Analog Devices, TI) to tease out the image data.  Better yet, just get a camera with a digital output, as the digital-to-analog-to-digital path is a waste, as it's costly and performs worse.
NTSC scanlines are transmitted at 15.734 kHz with frequency content up to 4.2 MHz, impossible to handle with a standard microcontroller ADC which have sample rates of 1 Msps at the high end (NXP LPC1768 only has 200 ksps).  Furthermore, as Leon points out, your memory is extremely limited.  If you read just one QVGA (320 x 240) frame into memory at 8 bits/pixel, that's 76.8 kB, which exceeds the mbed's (NXP LPC1768's) on-board 64 kB RAM.
Comment: Heh. I hadn't thought about the actual size of one frame :/
Answer: It's got a video output so you won't be able to use it with the mbed. It isn't fast enough and doesn't have enough memory.

How to read RCA output from an mbed?


About the information on Professors who write Reference Letter

Question: I applied for some research positions and send the name of my references. I would like to know that: Do the full list of my references will be forwarded to each of professors by institute which I applied for. In other words, Will professors whom I add their names as my references be informed about the name of other references of mine?
Answer: While anything is possible, I think that would not be normal practice. I think it is unlikely.
However, in some smaller fields in which there are fewer professors and they know one another, it is possible that someone will mention a name to another person. But this would only occur, I think, if there was some question raised by a letter of recommendation.
Comment: Thank you for your answer. In fact , I mean that the Institute which I have already sent my reference info to that, will send the list of the name of my references to each professor or not?
Comment: I think that would not be a usual practice. More likely that the institute would want that not to happen so that the letters received would be independent of each other. But it is an individual case, so it can't be entirely ruled out.
Answer: Normally the process of solliciting and receiving reference letters is confidential: it implicitly discourages the possibility of two referees somehow harmonizing their references to the advantage or disadvantage of a candidate.
Of course people talk and people use their common sense: it's likely that a member of supervisory committee will have guessed that other members of the committee will also serve as referees.  It's also possible that a candidate might let a prospective referee know who the other referees are so as to provide context.
Most reasonable people will write a reference letter to reflect their personal appreciation of a candidate; while general statements can be shared between colleagues and some specific phraseology can be discussed, I have never shown a final version of a reference letter to a colleague, and no colleague of mine has ever shown a final reference letter to me.
However, it would be very unusual for an institution to solicit a letter of support and announce the list of referees for a candidate.


Efficient project architecture with git

Question: Firstly, let me introduce general architecture of a project.
It is hierarchical. We develop server application for our customers. It is stored on main server.
Say, local server 1, local server 2, ..., local server n are the servers (main application instances) in different companies. Each company has one local server. Mostly all local servers have the same functionality (say, core module), but each company can have it's own. As an idea it was decided to solve this problem via git branching.
Let's consider some cases.
Case 1
One company (local server x) wants some specific feature that is needed only in that company. Following the logic our of idea of branches we do the following steps:

create git branch on main server
develop needed functionality for that server
create git branch (branch y) on local server x
push changes to main server
switch branch y on local server x
switch to master branch on main server

Case 2
We developed some functionality (changes in core module) that is common to all companies
Case 3
We developed some functionality that is common only to some companies
Want to hear your advises about how to solve "Case 2" and "Case 3".
Answer: Technically, @VonC is correct in saying that branches would be the way to go.
There is a caveat though. You're mixing 2 different paradigms here. SCM (git is a tool) means managing source code and its different versions.
Enabling/disabling product features is product management. Essentially, it boils down to development and deployment of your application.
What you're trying to do is combine feature management of your product with version management.
It is certainly doable (via SCM alone) and depending on your requirements, it may actually work well for you.
However, over a period of time, you'll end up in a branching/merging soup. Not only will it increase time and effort to maintain and upkeep each branch (and keep the "main" and other "branches" in sync), it'll also be counterproductive as every time there is change or new feature, you spend more time on planning on how to keep your branches up-to-date than the actual feature. This gets compounded over time with new hires who have no prior knowledge of your branch management techniques and if you end up having distributed teams who might want to create their own branch for a variety of reasons.
If I may suggest, keep one version of your application and implement a mechanism to enable/disable "features". This will make your SCM easier to understand, cleaner to implement and maintain.
A middle ground is to have core branch for the core module and then each submodule or feature is its separate branch. Anyone  can install core module and as per need/permission, they can go and install separate "features" from their respective branches.
Hope this provides some clarity. If you have any questions, I'll be happy to elaborate on them.
Answer: I generally agree with Mrchief.
Additionally I would like to mention that git branches are best used in one of these three situations:

Develop a feature on a separate branch and merge it into mainline when its done.
Maintain an older version with bug fixes or security fixes
Back port features of the current version to an older release

In the long run you should either plan to merge your branches back into the master branch or discontinue them. It is not a particularly good idea to have many branches running side to side to each other a long time because sooner or later they will diverge from the master branch (and from each other) and it will be very difficult to ensure that bug fixes or security fixes are applied on all branches.
Answer: The fact that we are talking about a core module with variations for the clients means git submodules isn't a valid solution here:
The same set of file is being modified (either for common feature, case 2, or for features for some clients, case 3).
So branches are a good way to deal with this, except you need to manage merges from one branch to multiple other ones.
For that, see questions like "How to move bugfixes across branches in DVCS?".

Efficient project architecture with git


Time trial improvement from new bike

Question: I can average 21.7mph for a 20 mile time trial (00:55:15), on my 2001 Rockhopper with 1.25" fatboy slicks, no lock out on shock. My bike weighs 25.25 lbs. I'm planning on buying a Cervelo 2012 r3, 16.4 lbs estimated weight. I also plan on dropping 4-6 lbs, so my total weight would be about 14 pounds less. Does anyone have any idea what my average speed would be for a 20 mile time trial in good conditions, 10 mph max wind?
Comment: This completely depends on the route - how hilly is it? Are there a lot of sharp turns that'll make you slow down then accelerate back up to speed?
Comment: JEFROMI  The course i plan on doing in MAY 2013 is flat, 10mls down 10mls back. Wind is normaly 5-15 mph.  THANKS.
Comment: The R3 has several advantages over the Rockhopper:  No shocks, aero position, narrower tires, and lower weight.  Their significance is probably in that order.  Gaining 3 mph or so would be reasonable to expect.
Comment: Daniel,  I would be content if i can avg 24.0mph over the 20mls tt, This yes the speeds where between 17.5-27.0mph, the cyclist agv 23mph+ where all on TT bikes. 24.0 mph would have placed me 1st on regular ROAD BIKE, thats my goal. THANKS. JCF.
Answer: You might want to play around with Bike Calculator a little, and you could find a reasonable estimate for your question.
Regarding the new bike purchase, shop around carefully. You're already past what is considered the clearance season for 2012 models at many traditional brick-and-mortar bicycle retailers. Prime time is August/September of each year. That's when many retailers start their clearance sales.
Comment: ZIPPY,   Looks like 24.0mph est, in 3 differnt handle bar positions. A CERVELO P3 would really make an impact, but i can't afford 2 bikes. A R3 would be my choice for  all around road bike.  THANK YOU

Time trial improvement from new bike


What happens if you die while wielding the Magical Blastbox in Runescape?

Question: What happens if you die while wielding the magical blastbox outside of daemonheim? Say I purchase one from the rewards trader for 40k dungeoneering tokens, then go to the wilderness with my newly acquired blastbox and get skulled. Will I lose my blastbox if I then die?
Answer: Yes.  If you are skulled and in the Wilderness, you lose everything.  If you are just skulled, but not in the Wilderness, you drop everything in a gravestone, which you then have a limited amount of time to return to in order to retrieve your items.
You can see what you could lose and keep when you die by bringing up the Items Kept on Death screen from the Equipment page.  This will show you the items that you automatically keep (some quest items and low level items), as well as the group of items where you will be able to choose three items to keep.  Again, any items dropped are stored in a gravestone for a limited amount of time.

You can then click on the What if I entered the Wilderness button to see what would happen if you died in the Wilderness.  Note that both of these screens assume you are not skulled.
Comment: I know this is true for regular items, but what about untradeables such as rewards from Fist of Guthix or Dungeoneering? Even if these are dropped, other players wouldn't be able to see them, and they have no "wealth" value.
Comment: It depends.  Fist of Guthix items drop as uncharged.  Not sure about what the Dungeoneering items drop as, but rest assured, you will lose them.
Comment: What if you brought a quest item into the Wilderness? Say, the tower mindspike or Reese's sword or something. Can you claim another if you lose it in the Wilderness?
Answer: When you die in the wilderness, if you are skulled, you will drop the blastbox. However, no one will see it and you can run into the wild and pick it back up. Any runes stored in it will remain when you pick it up.
This does not apply to most dungeoneering items. Most items like gravites and necklaces will turn into cash. The blastbox will drop and gem/coal bags will just disappear.


Under what circumstances is working in the chemistry lab hazardous to health in the long term?

Question: I would like to know when working in the Chemistry lab would be hazardous to health in the long term. Because as everyone who worked in the chemistry lab knows that they would be handling many compounds that are harmful to human health. Many of those reagents for example especially organic ones are carcinogenic. While some are toxic to humans. Even with safety precaution, we would inevitably be exposed to those chemicals when working with them such as inhaling them. So actually I wonder whether it is safe to work in the chemistry lab especially with so many carcinogens. Im afraid of getting cancer due to this.
(I'm already halfway through my undergrad chemistry course.)
Comment: There has probably been a serious study on this, but I'll give you some anecdotal evidence. I work in a group that has chemists that have been in the lab for 35, 35, 40, and 50 years carrying out organic synthesis (and some radiosynthesis). None of them have any health problems that can be attributed to chemical exposure. I am more concerned with lab accidents (fire, etc). With proper precautions, chemistry can be performed safely in both the short and long term.
Comment: Just be careful and follow all safety procedures. Labs do contain harmful substances, and mishandling can lead to fires, explosions, or contamination. Accidents can and have lead to deaths before, as illustrated by this UCLA incident http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/12/charges-in-students-death.html  and even if you're following protocol, extremely toxic compounds can still kill you, as illustrated here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Wetterhahn  If done right, laboratory work is safe, but you must take responsibility for your safety and follow the protocols.
Comment: unless you have some specific conditions, say allergy, and have no plans to work in dangerous field, you are safe. Granted, there are many hazardous substances in some labs because of their field of work, but most have toxic dose that cannot accidentally do damage in case of all safety rules are followed. There are, however, some things to avoid, so consider taking toxicology course =).
Comment: It highly depends on a lot of factors given that no two labs are necessarily identical.  As a computational chemist, the only dangerous thing I run into is distraction.  Two monitor screens can lead to a serious case of distraction.  I should probably go see a doctor.
Comment: I have (hopefully) narrowed the question and was wondering if it can be reopened in its current form.
Answer: May I start with a disclaimer saying that whatever long term studies can be done, this will always be a subjective question. All I can do here is offer a few comparisons and examples to show that you shouldn't (in my opinion) be worried.
There answer to the question "Am I more likely to come into contact with carcinogenic/hazardous substances than a regular person?" is quite likely yes. At undergraduate level you will be using a range of strong, harmful, poisonous etc. substances that you could not get outside of a lab environment or at school.
However, the answer to the question "Am I more likely to suffer poor health as a result of working in a lab?" is more difficult.
As you correctly state in your question, there are always many safety procedures in place when you undertake experiments which have been carefully thought, require the scientists to have some minimum level of training in the techniques (perhaps learning with less dangerous substances) out and always err on the side of safe rather than sorry. I myself have been working with a new nanotube based material recently and though unlikely to be carcinogenic, all experiments were to be carried out using gloves in a fume cupboard with extraction as the material hasn't been fully classified or tested yet (again: "safe rather than sorry").
Of course, there are unfortunate cases (for example Marie Curie), but in this day and age the risk assessments are so extensive and always erring on the side of caution that the chance of something going terribly wrong are no worse, I feel, than something catastrophic happening in many other walks of life (e.g. mountaineering accident, plane crash, shark attack).
One perhaps reassuring and rather amusing case is that you are far less likely to succumb to terminal cancer if you work in the nuclear industry by virtue of the extensive risk assessments, precautions and health checks. There is so much safety in place at a reactor, that exposure is minimal (indeed, the background radiation from radon in Cornwall is higher than that next to a nuclear power plant!!) and the industry provides so many health checks for workers that and cancer (radiation induced or natural) is often picked up at a very early, curable stage. Earlier than if you simply went to a doctor when you began to feel ill as a regular person.
Therefore depending on the policy of your employer, you could in fact be at a lower risk of dying from cancer, and I see no need for you to worry for your health in the lab!!
As mentioned when I started, this is a subjective issue, but I really see no need for worry.
Best,
Jack


Are the energies of orbitals that are not filled in an atom, equal?

Question: In a hydrogen atom only 1s orbital is filled. Does this mean that the energies of all other orbitals are equal? If so,why?
Comment: Do you think that your hypothesis (*all unoccupied orbitals have equal energy*) is also valid for a hydrogen molecule? If so, how would you then explain the Lyman and Paschen series in the UV spectrum of this molecule?
Comment: A better question is: `Which of these is real - the orbital or the electron?` What has energy, the orbital or the electron in the orbital? If it is the electron that has energy, then the energy of an empty orbital is an undefinable quantity.
Comment: In response of the comment above, the energy is of the system, not of electrón
Answer: Sure, if they are unoccupied they contribute nothing to the total energy of the system. Remember that orbitals are mathematical constructs and only have meaning with regard to their energy when being physically occupied by an electron that adheres this mathematical description. The energy required to fill such an orbital however differs (vastly) from orbital to orbital and nucleus to nucleus (see for example http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/PChem/notes/AOIE.pdf).


Polyamides Reaction mechanism

Question: I already know that polyamides are made through condensation polymerisation with a carboxylic acid and an amine. But how exactly does the mechanism work?
If the reaction takes place in acid for nucleophilic acyl substitution, the amine group would get an extra proton and as a result the nucleophilic acyl substitution can't happen, like it would for an carboxylic acid and an alcohol to form polyesters.
Answer: Commercially the diacid/diamine mixture is heated (>250C) to overcome the amine protonation and remove water or by formation of the di-acyl chloride followed by reaction with the diamine. Reference here 1.
Nylon 6 is also formed by adding a little NaH to caprolactam, mechanism here 2

Polyamides Reaction mechanism


How to load to panels a referenced node?

Question: I have the user profile panel and I want to load in the panel a node that is referencing this user.
There is a trick to load a view in the panel,but I don't know exactly how to do this...
Can somebody help me on this?thanks
Answer: You'll want to add a display to your view of type "pane". Give it a descriptive title so you can find it from your Page Manager.
Then you'll create a Page Manager variant that displays on the entity (user) to which you want to attach this view. Under "content" you'll click the gear that appears in the top left, and click "add content". Select "view panes" and then select the view pane you just created.
In order to pass the node ID to the view pane, you'll go back to the view. Under "pane settings" select "argument input" and set it to "from panel argument". You'll probably want the first argument.
Comment: Hi,thanks for the answer.Still the issue is not solved.The node is not visible in the context,so as to add some fields of it to the panel.Some more suggestions?thanks
Comment: You'll also want to make sure your view has an argument for node ID defined.
Comment: The view has a relationship and an argument for the User Id(It is a node view).Is this correct?
Comment: Yes but there's a UID field for the author of the node as well, so it could be the wrong one. Without looking at your View it's hard to know.


Please help me fix my messages

Question: I have an iPhone 5c, when I send iMessages my contact receives them as coming from my email address. I went to Settings to change this but my phone number is greyed out and my email address is in black. It will not let me change it to my phone number.
I can't find the "Start new conversations from" section.
Comment: I tap on the email address but it does not change. There is not a "start new conversation"
Comment: No there is not a start a new conversation
Comment: Please add a screenshot of the relevant settings
Answer: Go to Settings->Messages->Send & Receive and then tap your phone number under "Start New Conversations From". Your phone number should not be greyed out here, you were probably just looking at the "You Can Be Reached By iMessage At" section.
Comment: Sorry, I meant tap your phone number. But, I don't get why there is no "Start New Conversations From" section.
Comment: Do you see the "Start New Conversations From" section at the bottom of the screen? (This image was doctored to censor my personal info for privacy reasons)

Please help me fix my messages


Use Theme/Skin or CSS in Asp.Net

Question: I am working on a website which is using Skin templates everywhere in the page. Because of this all the controls, even labels, are server controls. I was wondering if it is worth changing at least labels to HTML controls and create CSS for them. Is there any advantage of using Skin over CSS?
Answer: I would stick with all CSS or all theme/skins. The reason is that when they are used together it's ambiguous which is actually going to be displayed to the user if both attempt to modify the same things. Also adding another language to work with for no real reason is a bad idea, it's unneeded complexity. There is not going to be any significant difference in performance between having HTML controls or server controls for labels, and there is no difference between having CSS that works or themes/skins that work.
remember KISS(keep it simple stupid) and "if it aint broke don't fix it", you are attempting to violate both.

Use Theme/Skin or CSS in Asp.Net


What is the DSLR equivalent to an EOS film camera?

Question: I currently have a Canon EOS 300 film camera and want to purchase a digital camera.  What is the equivalent Canon DSLR?
Comment: What about the EOS 300 do you want to be equivalent?
Answer: There is no exact equivalent between film and digital cameras. Since the EOS 300 was an entry-level film camera, an entry-level digital DSLR may fit your needs. For Canon, those are the Rebel or three-digit (eg, 550D) series. However, your needs may be different.
What about the EOS 300 do you want to be equivalent?

Canon EOS DSLRs can use the same EF-mount lenses.  Canon mirrorless would require an adapter. What lenses do you currently have? Are they even worth bringing over to digital?
If you are looking for a camera with the same frame size (and consequently the same angle of view you are used to with any existing lenses), then you would be looking at the EOS 1D, 5D, 6D, and R. Other Canon digital cameras have crop sensors. (Note though that these mentioned models are not entry-level models, and come with a not-insignificant price tag.)
Must you have a DSLR? Have you considered mirrorless? Canon has EOS-M and EOS-R mirrorless cameras.
Do you need to stay with Canon? If you're not bringing your old lenses to digital, there's pretty much nothing tying you to Canon except brand loyalty. There are a lot of other great options by different makers that might better fit your needs.

See also:

What should I look for when shopping for my first DSLR?
What do I need to consider to choose between dSLR, mirrorless, or a compact as my first "serious" camera?
What do Pentax and Sigma DSLRs offer that differs from Canon and Nikon?
Fujifilm X-T20 vs Pentax K-3 II. Am I missing any significant differences?
Comment: Very many thanks. I have no loyalty to Canon, wanted to keep the question simple!
Comment: Another thing to consider that I haven't seen mentioned yet is recording time. DLSRs (for import reasons) can only shoot for a maximum of 29m 59s in one go. Depending on your project, just be aware that you may need to do separate takes for things.
Comment: @Sam I think "film" in this question refers to the recording medium, like 35mm, not video/filmography.
Comment: @xiota haha, right you are! My bad. My brain saw "300" and started thinking along the lines of "C-300"....
Answer: Arguably, The EOS 300 (known as Rebel in some markets) was replaced by the 'Digital Rebel' some years ago, featuring similar feature set but with an 6.3MP APS-C (smaller than 35mm film) size sensor. Since that time, the 'Rebel' line continues but now features the T7 (or T5, T6) with an 24MP APS-C sensor. So, from a feature set perspective, the T7 is the most likely candidate.
However, others will argue that since your camera is a 35mm film camera, only a 'full frame' camera, with a 35mm sized sensor will fully replace your camera. Your camera was never a 'pro' camera, therefore the closest camera in the Canon line that features 35mm size sensor and is not a 'pro' camera is the Canon EOS 6D.
Unless you KNOW that you must have support for a full-frame (35mm) sensor, your best bet is a T5-T7 model. By the way, your lenses will work with any of these cameras.
Answer: Are you considering only new bodies or are used accepteble.
If you can buy used 350d sells for next to nothing but with a 1.6x crop. Alternativly the 5d classic is also rather cheap at no crop.
You can of cource buy better bodies both crop and full frame. For me there seems to be a jump in performance in the 550d for the crop case and with the 5d mark ii for thr full frame case. After that I thing the improvments are more incremental.


Can I make real tilt-shift 2D photos from 3D Photos?

Question: I have a 3D camera, i can shoot 3D stills, is there a plug-in or some sort of post-production method to estimate the distance from the camera to every single object in the scene (maybe a pixel analysis) and then blur out the single pixels in base of the distance, to achieve true tilt-shift?
Comment: What format does it write the 3d images into?
Comment: What do you mean by "true tilt-shift" ?
Do you want to correct perspective and/or alter the focal plane (and sharpness area) ?
Or do you want to blur some parts of your photo relative to depth ?
Answer: Given a stereo image pair you can estimate the depth to each point in the image (producing what is known as a depth map), from which you could stimulate the tilted plane of focus of a tilt shift lens.
There's no simple way to estimate the depth map but there are plenty academic papers on the subject. Likewise there's no simple way to simulate depth of field from a depth map though Photoshop's lens blur filter will get you close.
It would be much easier to use a tilt shift lens, however.
Comment: @user26302: Part of the problem is: it is easy to create a depth map for points that have been recorded on both photos, but how do you handle occlusion? And the other thing: the noise ratio (between estimated and actual distance) is pretty high on background points, so two image is usually not enough.
Answer: I'm not sure about the "tilt-shift" part but the first part of the question is feasible, see for example http://dplenticular.com/technology/creating-3d-images/ .
Obviously this works for getting a notion of the original depth, which one could use to create some post-production blurring, thus simulating a specific DOF (and also possibly tilted focal plane).


Disable pop-up hints

Question: Every time i start the game and join a server i get these annoying pop-up hints that won't leave until i have done what they want me to do, (zoom in with a scope, press 'e' to look at the gun).
So right now what i do is join a random server, do all the common things they tell me to and then join a proper competition server to play.
Is there a command line i can add to my configuration file to get rid of them ?
Answer: Go to the options in CounterStrike : GO and disable the Game Instructor Messages as seen in this screenshot:

This should stop the game from annoying you in the future.
Another method would be to open config.cfg in your CS GO Folder (after you removed the mentioned read-only flag) with a text editor of your choice, such as Notepad++. You can find the file in X:\Steam\SteamApps\common\Counter-Strike Global Offensive\csgo\cfg (X being the hard drive you installed it on). Then find the line where it says gameinstructor_enable and set it to 0 or, if it is not there, add gameinstructor_enable=0 at the bottom of the file. That should do the trick.
Comment: but the problem is that my config erases this parameter every time i restart the game ! isn't there a command line in my config associated to that ?
Comment: Your config cannot erase this option. Edit your config file into your OP if there is a problem with it and be more specific.
Comment: my config file is read only so when i change the in game settings, it cannot write them in my file.
Comment: @user3714670 I updated my answer
Answer: It is now: This PC/Windows C/ windows (86x)/Steam/userdata/(OWN ID SHOULD BE ONE FOLDER)/730/local/cfg
Go through the config file and check if you don't have any binds to enable gameinstructor. (That was my problem I got so frustrated; my buddies just did bind mouse1 "attack;gameinstructor_enable" or something).
Comment: Your friends might be geniuses.  That is a sweet prank due to both how harmless it is and how annoying that problem would be.
Answer: You can also enter
gameinstructor_enable 0

in the developer console.

Disable pop-up hints


Would there be any value in having available a second kind of empty?

Question: It occurred to me that if one takes any Blender mesh object, goes into edit mode, selects all of the vertices, and deletes them, one is left with what I'll call a "zero vertex mesh object", or ZVMO. Since it is a mesh object, and could serve in the things a mesh object would be used for, but it could also be used for some functions that one would use an empty for. Are there practical applications for use of such a ZVMO in place of an empty, or is it merely an item of mere curiosity?
Answer: The main difference I see between a true empty and a mesh object without any geometry is that the empty-mesh can emit particles, and can get the entire range of physics types (although it will be useless for many of them without its geometry).
The interesting bit is that as an emitter, the mesh will emit only from its origin, and particles will fall in a straight ordered line - a potentially useful effect.
Both a true empty and the empty-mesh can receive the same constraints, and most modifiers will do absolutely nothing on the empty-mesh. It could be useful to parent the empty-mesh to an armature (directly to a bone, otherwise it won't be affected since it has no verts and no weights), but you can get the same effect with a real empty by parenting it to an individual bone.
So, particles and some types of physics is the only thing I can see that makes a real difference.