Who is older, Michael or Lucifer?

Question: I was watching Supernatural Season 11 Episode 18 where Darkness kind of kidnaps Lucifer, and she refers to Lucifer as God's most loved and his first Son. Now as far as I remember Michael is older than Lucifer right? In season 5 Michael told Dean that he practically raised Lucifer. So why did Darkness address Lucifer as God's first Son?
Answer: Michael is older
And indeed, from S05E22:

MICHAEL:  No, you haven't changed a bit, little brother. Always blaming
  everybody but yourself. We were together. We were happy. But you
  betrayed me, all of us, and you made our Father leave.

The point of Dean being the ideal vessel for Michael, and Sam being the ideal vessel for Lucifer, was precisely that their dynamic mirrored that between Michael and Lucifer. Dean/Michael, the older son, obedient:

MICHAEL: I'm sorry. I can't do that. I'm a good son. I have orders.

And the younger son, the favorite, who doesn't want to do what his father tells him to: Sam/Lucifer.
Similarly, Cain was older than Abel, which is probably why Dean was given the Mark of Cain. This dynamic, of father, younger brother, older brother, is central to the series.
From S11E18:

AMARA: As God's favorite, his first son, you may be the one thing in all of
  creation that he still cares about, the one thing that could finally
  make him show himself so that I can confront him and he can
  acknowledge the wrongs he's done me. And then he can witness the utter
  destruction of all his creation before he himself is swept away.

It seems that the best way to interpret "first son" is as "first in God's affections," which is supported by its coming after "favorite." Because otherwise, it would mean that not only did the writers change their mind about who was older, but forgot about the whole reason for Michael being older in the first place.
Answer: Michael is the older one, as he said himself in The Song Remains The Same:

Later on in Swan Song, Michael called Lucifer "little brother":

Michael and Lucifer's story parallels that of Dean and Sam, with both Michael and Dean being the older brother who follows the brothers' father's orders, while both Lucifer and Sam being the younger brother who's rebellious to their father, as Gabriel stated in Changing Channels:

The Darkness referring to Lucifer as God's first son in season 11 was an error. They later corrected it. The in-universe reason is probably that the Darkness had been sealed for billions of years so she didn't get her information right.
Answer: If you're asking from the show, Lucifer is the younger brother. To maintain the parallels in the show, this worked. However, Lucifer was God's first creation and nearly perfect. He was the Morningstar and given free will. According to the mythology, God thought Lucifer to be pure up until an hour before he fell. Finding that free will was detrimental to order in heaven and fearing a possible uprising, God stripped the rest of the angels of their free will. Long story short, Lucifer is not only older, but first of everything.
Comment: I am a bit confused here. So you mean to say that in the show the order of Michael and Lucifer is depicted wrong? In actuality Lucifer is older than Michael?
Answer: Lucifer was actually the first, but I think spn changed it to match with sam and dean.  Micheal and Dean the older boy following orders, and Sam and Lucifer being rebellious and yada yada
Comment: Can you provide any evidence?
Answer: My interpretation is that Lucifer was Chuck's first creation, a beautiful youth. Michael was created later as a full-blown warrior, a ready-made 'older brother'.
Comment: Interpretation based on what exactly?

Who is older, Michael or Lucifer?


Can photocells (PN Juctions) be stacked?

Question: Can photocells (the PN junctions) be stacked (3) on top of each other (not just side-by-side) to let each PN junction produce electrical energy from the visible light, Infrared (IR) and ultraviolet light (UV)?
Comment: If you want more energy per area, then it might be wise to put them like this \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ instead of ----------------
Comment: Depends on how transparent they are.
Answer: Yes, they can. This is called a multi-junction solar cell. From the Wikipedia article:

Currently, the best lab examples of traditional crystalline silicon solar cells have efficiencies between 20% and 25%, while lab examples of multi-junction cells have demonstrated performance over 46% under concentrated sunlight. Commercial examples of tandem cells are widely available at 30% under one-sun illumination, and improve to around 40% under concentrated sunlight. However, this efficiency is gained at the cost of increased complexity and manufacturing price. To date, their higher price and higher price-to-performance ratio have limited their use to special roles, notably in aerospace where their high power-to-weight ratio is desirable.

The individual junctions are not connected in parallel, as you propose, but in series.
On "transparency":

Conveniently, light of a particular wavelength does not interact strongly with materials that are of bigger bandgap. This means that you can make a multi-junction cell by layering the different materials on top of each other, shortest wavelengths (biggest bandgap) on the "top" and increasing through the body of the cell.
Comment: Could fiber optic cable be used to feed light to multi-junction solar cell, and still have a good theoretical efficiency?
Comment: @Bill That's a further question which I cannot help you with. Posting questions in comments isn't a good idea because fewer people will see them.


Copying data from DVD with bad sectors

Question: If a DVD Video object file (.vob) was burned on DVD which was ended up with having one or two bad sectors, would you be able to copy that file from DVD? I heard video files can still be played even if their data is in bad state but the header should be present. when you try to copy it, would you be able to get the same data or none at all?
Answer: One or two bad sectors in the file will not appreciably degrade the file, assuming you can get it off the DVD in the first place.
Due to the way that the video encoding/decoding process works I would expect there to be (at worst) a second or two where the picture looks "odd" after the bad data but after that the video should recover and continue to play.
As you stated the key data is the header, so long as this data is intact (along with the majority of the file) then the file should be playable.
The software DVD Decrypter is able to ignore errors and carry on copying data from a disc, but its use is of dubious legality.  If this is your own personally made DVD then you should be fine.

As DVD Decrypter facilitates the removal of copy restrictions, certain uses may be illegal under the United States Digital Millennium Copyright Act unless making copies which are covered under the Fair Use doctrine. In countries without similar laws there may not be any legal restrictions.
Answer: Most standard utilites like Windows Explorer will halt at the first error and abort the copy.  If the sector is truly bad you can't recover any data from it.  So you can't get any data out of it.  Assuming you can substitute the bad sector with all zeroes, it will likely still play in a standard DVD player but it might skip or degrade the quality of the video at that point.
I've used the free DVD Fab Decrypter just to copy scratched DVD's (these are non-commercial unencrypted home video DVDs) and it has worked for me in the past to salvage what is possible.
Comment: I wound up writing my own command-line tool that copies a file and skips over bad sectors. The output file will get zeros in those sectors. It's very slow, but it works.
Comment: @EdwardFalk do you have that script shared somewhere?
Answer: My solution is using mac Finder..
Show hidden file at finder.
Copy your video from DVD to local hardisk..
Until the bad sector data, finder will show popup message. Before you doing something with that pop up, open finder and locate to directory you paste the video file.
hidden Temporary file will appear..
Copy it (hidden temporary video file) and paste it to somewhere on your disk, and rename it as you wish..
Then doing something with the finder prompt that showing error copying data.

Copying data from DVD with bad sectors


Please suggest necessary setting for better sharp image with telephoto lens 70 -300mm VRF4.5-6.3? Nikon D5300

Question: Does the teleconverter support  for sharp image specially for birding?
Please suggest
Comment: The title and the body seem to be asking different questions. Could you edit the body to be self-contained without the title and to make it clear what your actual question is?
Comment: It is not only about settings. It is about using proper technique, including the settings you select, as well as other important things.
Answer: Mmm your lens is f4.5 -6.3 aperture so to get a sharp image your shutter speed should not be less than 1/300th of a second if hand held ( rule of thumb no less than max focal length of your lens )
For a more controlled shot use a tripod gorillapod or a bean bag for lenses, or a monopod all these things can help.


Could we see maximum of reputations of upvoters?

Question: There are many new question, even limited to a field.
A new method, to see which one is interesting, could be to display the reputation of the person who upvoted and has the largest reputation among upvoters.
(Or, to protect privacy, some rounding of this number.)
Then new questions could be filtered using this upon demand, or everyone could see the ones already upvoted by someone whose reputation is at least 10% of his own reputation.
Comment: @ShadowWizard Yes, I like the coffee idea. If I see that someone drinks coffee instead of tea then I don't want to hear what they have to say about anything.
Comment: Why not age? Country? Gender? Favorite coffee? They all might have effect on others when trying to decide "upvote or not?"
Comment: @Pat http://i.stack.imgur.com/Te3HR.jpg :D
Comment: No matter how you round it, all of Jon Skeet's votes on SO could be traced back to him.
Comment: @JonW haha, and to make it happen, there should be a dialog when upvoting asking for those things.
Comment: Tea drinking people are so unreliable ;) @JonW
Comment: Among other issues raised this might reveal the voter and that would sacrifice that voting is anonymous.
Comment: @rene: This could be avoided in the way I have indicated.
Comment: @Shadow: You can laugh, but I would be interested in a lot more info about upvoters. These are problematic to obtain, reputation is easily doable.
Comment: And why is that interesting, for you or for others? What aspect of the site and/or behavior of users will be influenced by this statistic?
Comment: @rene: I would like to look through questions that other experts find interesting instead of wasting my time on trying to understand uninteresting problems. As it is now, I can only read a random subset of all questions, usually the ones with high votecount, but this is not always a good measure.
Comment: Or maybe [this one](http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/65270/display-a-second-alternative-weighted-vote-count)
Answer: I don't know how the reputation of the upvoter (or downvoter) is related to the usefulness of the post. If Jon Skeet upvotes an question, does that mean the question is better than when I did?
Therefore I don't think this feature is useful. It will add unnecessary weight to the opinion of one of the voters.
Comment: @domotorp Someone with 15 rep upvoting a question might be an expert in the field.  Rep doesn't correlate at all with programming experience.
Comment: I really don't understand what your problem is. Beginners might find a question interesting, that is not so for experts.
Comment: The same argument should hold for the reputation of the person asking the question - then why is that shown? In fact, why do we have reputation at all with this logic?
Comment: @domotorp: That is the gaming element, and the reputation shown in just to reflect that. Nothing more, nothing less.
Answer: This would openly and blatantly violate privacy through a multitude of statistical inference algorithms. I would very much like to add the beverage question:

Coffee
Tea
Maté
Beer
Wine
Vodka
Rum
Other (please specify)

However, you can't prevent VUI (Voting Under Influence) in this manner.
Answer:
A new method, to see which one is interesting, could be to display the
  reputation of the person who upvoted

But surely the title, tags, topic, and question itself is what makes a question interesting?
A user's rep doesn't really have any bearing on whether they are interesting, vote on interesting questions, or have even voted in the same way for the same reasons you do.

and has the largest reputation among upvoters

Wouldn't this alienate low rep users in some way?
Is a person not interesting because they have a low rep on a certain Stack site?
Also, wouldn't we need to consider their rep on other similar sites?
For example, if a user has 150 rep on Programmers site, doesn't it have some bearing they have 50,000 on both Stack Overflow and Code Review?

Then new questions could be filtered using this upon demand

Rep does not equate to anything useful. A user with many poor questions/answers, and has nothing particularly interesting or useful to add to posts, might have a lot of rep they've accumulated over time over many posts.
And a low rep user (say 300) could be a developer for NASA/Google/etc and just joined the site.
And this won't always be users with 300K rep which might interest you, as often average or even low rep users will be the highest rep user who voted.
For the most part, you'd just see result like 1,523, 8,295, 457, 289, 18,443, etc.
Why is that useful, interesting, worth sorting result by, or good for anything really?
It's meaningless.
And users with higher rep are more likely to vote on interesting and decent questions and answers, which means you can already find them from higher voted questions/answers and the more interesting titles and questions.
(Note, I said more likely, not "always").

or everyone could see the ones already upvoted by someone whose
  reputation is at least 10% of his own reputation.

I really do not know what benefit you expect from this "restriction".
Take my SO rep, 1.8K.
Why do I only want to see rep from users who upvoted who have 180 rep or above?
And is my vote not interesting or is it meaningless to all users above 18K rep?
What about users with say 30K rep. Why do they only want to see rep from users upvoting who have 3K rep or above?

I just don't see any reason why a user's rep would ever be of any interest within the scope of voting.
Knowing who voted would be interesting, but that will never happen (and I agree it shouldn't).


MCB of desired rating

Question: I want to make 30A MCB but in market 1,2,4,8,10,12,16,20,32 A MCB are available.
Can I add as 20+10 or 3x10 in parallel to make custom 30A MCB. Or I should replace 30A with 32A without hesitation.
Comment: Um, what is an MCB? What does an MCB have to do with Motors?
Comment: Are we supposed to assume that MCB stands for "magnetic circuit breaker"?
Comment: Or "miniature circuit breaker"?
Answer: I assume an MCB is a type of breaker:
In that case, if you need 30 A, you'll need 30 A.
Putting breakers in parallel is a) most definitely against any code and b) will lead to surprising behaviour. Especially with reactive loads (I take that's why you have motor in your question), sequentially firing breakers is a big no-go.
You also can't just generally substitute 32 A for 30 A. If you need 30 A, you need 30 A, though I'm having a hard time imagining an application where that's the case. But you're the one who set the requirements, and these seem to be 30 A, not 32 A.
Answer: MCB stands for Miniature Circuit Breaker, which are rail-mount circuit breaker devices made to IEC standards for use in circuit conductor protection. The sizes you are seeing offered are based on standard IEC conductor sizes, so the reason you see "32" amps instead of 30A is because the metric conductor size this corresponds to is capable of carrying 32A. In North America we basically do the same thing, so for us we have a 30A breaker because it is generally intended to protect 10ga wire, which is rated for 30A.
NO, you cannot "create your own" rating by combining breakers in any way. So you either have a circuit conductor rated for 32A, in which case you use a 32A breaker, or you are in North America where you are using 10ga wire. If the later, you can't use IEC MCBs as Branch Circuit Protection here anyway, so the point is moot. You have to use a circuit breaker that is listed under UL-489 and if you look for that, there are some MCB manufacturers who sell versions of their MCBs that are indeed UL-489 listed, and they will usually then offer a version that will be rated for 30A, not 32A. These will not be the cheap stuff you find on the internet auction sites however, they will only be available be from larger more reputable suppliers.
Answer: There is a reason why the circuit breakers don't come in any value. The same as for resistors , capacitors etc.
They have a tolerance. There is no point in having 32 and 30 A breaker when the tolerance is somewhere around 30%. A good 20A breaker can have a real value of 18 or 25 due the temperature or other reasons to fire anywhere between 18 and 25.
So just use the upper closest value for your MCB.

MCB of desired rating


If the website automatically names the "submit" key on a website, can it lead to errors?

Question: I just filled another form on an English website that didn't have name set for the HTML "submit" button. The browser filled in "Prześlij", which is "Send" in Polish. Given how many pairs of website and browser languages there are, I wonder if this automatic naming of controls can cause problems. Does this featuer of automatic button naming can lead to actual errors in some cases when the user assumes that the name of the action is spelled out in the website's language, but it's actually in the browser's one and the same word means two different things?
Comment: Is this a UX question, or a technical question?
Comment: I'd say this is a UX question: "does the combination of browser and website language affect UX if we leave button naming to the browser"?
Comment: In that case, consistency needs to be there. Changing continuously like that can cause confusion.
Comment: The problem is that we do know that people sometimes forget about consistency or don't care about it at all and let the browser fill the button name for themselves. I wonder if this can lead to serious mistakes when the names are truly misleading.
Answer: "Submit" in English is the most benign wording for literally "send". I'd imagine it's been named consistently in all localization formats. I would say browser localization is done by native speakers of the given language, and have been vetted by browser users. So the chances of the localization using ambiguous wording is rather low.
Another thing is, web forms has been around since late 1900s. If there's a single primary button on a page. It should be pretty obvious that you'll need to press it for the page to do something.
If there's more than 1 button and the developer is too lazy to label them, then I think you have bigger problems then the browser automatically naming them "submit".
Comment: Ambiguous wording isn't what I was worried about - it's rather the difference between browser language and website language in context of browser deciding what the button should say.


I am a bit confused about the thesis i am working on. I just started my research and realized that i have no idea how to publish it

Question: I am a student who's highest academic achievement so far is high school degree. Infact I am not even a university student yet (I will be in few months though). I am working on a thesis that is related to biology. I was a biology student in high school. But my college major is mostly going to be computing. So I have some doubts regarding the publishing part. First doubt is, can I actually publish the thesis? And will I be able to publish by myself without a professor since I worked on it all by myself? If not, can I possibly use the help of a professor from computing department?
Comment: In the kindest possible way it seems unlikely you will produce a sufficiently novel and advanced thesis solo out of high school to be publishable.
Answer: A thesis is normally something that you do in order to earn a certain degree (e.g. a Bachelor's, Master's, or a Ph.D. thesis). What you are describing would probably be called a (working) paper or a manuscript.
Yes, you can submit your paper, once it is finished, to a journal in your area. Whether you are enrolled in a biology programme or a computing programme or in no programme at all has no bearing on this. There is also no formal requirement that you need anyone else (such as a professor) to be a co-author. Indeed, someone who did put in the work to earn this should not be a co-author of your paper.
If you paper is in biology, it seems unlikely that a professor at the computing (computer science?) department would be able to help with the substance of the paper, unless it also touches on their area of expertise. However, you could certainly reach out to a professor you have a good relationship with and ask them questions about how the mechanics of publication works. The disadvantage of asking a computer scientist would be that they are probably not familiar with how publishing works in biology, but they could perhaps give you some general advice. An advantage would be that it is unlikely that they would try to convince you to add them as a co-author.
However, while there is nothing preventing you from trying to publish your work on your own, beware that publishing your first paper without any outside advice is a very difficult task. In particular, you may not be fully aware of what the expectations are as regards the structure a paper, methodology, relation to the existing literature and so on. I would considering reaching out to an expert in the area at your university and discuss the matter with them. The danger that they will steal your work is, I believe, minimal. (At least according to my experience with Western academia, I don't know how things work elsewhere.) On the other hand, they might wish to be a co-author on your paper in exchange for their assistance. Whether or not this would be a good deal for you is difficult to tell, since it is difficult to estimate (if you have no experience with academic publishing) how far you paper in its current form is from being publishable. It may be that your paper is publishable as is, but it may also be that the paper requires substantial further work before it conforms to the expectations that people in your target field have of publishable papers, in which case I would think having someone knowledgeable help you with this would probably be a good deal.
Another possible scenario is that they will tell you that you work is not publishable for some reason, perhaps due to a lack of novelty or due to some methodological flaws. If this happens, do not take this too badly: already doing non-trivial scientific work on your own as a high school graduate is something that most people never take the initiative to do, regardless of whether or not you succeed publishing it in a journal (a non-trivial task even for people several rungs higher than yourself on the educational ladder!).
Comment: A "not" is missing in "someone who did put in the work ... should not be a coauthor ...."
Answer: There are places to publish articles by and for high school students.  For example, The National High School Journal of Science, https://nhsjs.com/?mainpage.  From their about:

The National High School Journal of Science is a free, online,
student-run and peer-reviewed research journal that is targeted
towards high school students. Striving to bring science to a wider
audience and engaging students in learning beyond the classroom walls,
our journal hopes to expose young people to new ideas and topics. This
high school student-run science journal always welcomes aspiring
scientists to submit articles and to get involved with our publishing
process.

There's also https://jhss.scholasticahq.com/, and many more, I'm sure.  In addition, there are a variety of similar publications targeted for college undergrads, and you might want to reach for those.
You may also consider publishing down, instead of up or even -- i.e., look for publications or magazines that present science to grade schoolers.  This can be pretty rewarding as well.  Or, you can choose both!!  Writing the same article for completely different audiences is a great exercise (just be careful about copyright issues when you do stuff like that).
You can also contribute to relevant Wikipedia entries, and such.
I'd encourage all of the above, but first try reading similar stuff from whatever path you'd like to take, to get a good feel for whether they're at the right level (don't skip this very important step!!).  For example, if your paper is largely a review paper, but the medium you're considering only publishes novel research efforts, you might (or should) reconsider, and move on to the next option.
Any of the above options would be wonderful contributions to your portfolio, and help your application packages to your further academic endeavors you may apply to look more attractive.
I wouldn't necessarily consider submitting to higher-level academic journals without working closely with an advisor.  Try not to take that personally, but at your level, it's unlikely that you'd find the resulting interactions very satisfactory, and you're not necessarily trained to a level where you can fairly judge the quality of your own work at the same standard as experienced practitioners in your field -- and that's the group that would be reviewing and refereeing your efforts.  It's frustrating enough for the experienced.
Answer: With all due respect, you are outside your depth in this situation. Your post shows you are not prepared to publish in any field because you do not have adequate mentorship or experience. Frankly, you wouldn't survive peer review. The best advice I can offer is to enroll in a program, join a lab and get experience and guidance in whatever field interests you. Publishing should be your last concern at this point. Once you are in a program and can tap into a network of knowledgeable researchers then and only then should you preoccupy yourself with publishing. Even then your goal should be to be a helpful co-author not first author.
Comment: I downvoted. Why not making the dissemination of OP's work in an appropriate venue their early learning opportunity?
Comment: @kamilazybal Because publishing a manuscript requires subject matter expertise, experience, mentorship, guidance and collaboration. All of which the OP does not have or is not doing. Genuine researchers with PhDs struggle to get published all of the time so why would I suggest a HS graduate can do it solo? That would only cause them frustration and waste their time. If the OP really hopes to be a successful researcher their time would be better spent applying to college and finding a productive lab to be a part of. Everything else is a distraction.


Is a photon really massless?

Question: If a photon travels at a speed of light and its massless then it must have no energy but this is not the case as we see in photo electric effect. Also help me to know what are photons made of, how are they created?.
Answer: When people claim that a photon is massless, they mean that a photon has zero rest mass. In special relativity, the formula for the energy of a particle with mass $m$ possessing a momentum $p$ is
$$ E = \sqrt{p^2c^2 + m^2c^4}$$
If we set $m = 0$ for a photon, we'll end up with
$$E =  pc$$
Here the momentum of a photon is described by quantum mechanics to be
$$p = \frac{h}{\lambda} $$
with $\lambda$ being the wavelength of light.
So it can have an energy, while still being massless.
Answer:
If a photon [is] massless then it must have no energy

This is not the case. One way to think of mass is as nothing more than a convenient name for rest energy. Photons are indeed massless and thus have zero rest energy. This is not an issue because according to special relativity, they do not come with a rest frame.
Please note that assuming we denote rest mass by $m$, the well-known $E=mc^2$ is not the whole story - the general formula reads
$$
E^2 = m^2c^4 + p^2c^2
$$
In principle, you could think of three types of particles, depending on the relative values of energy and momentum:

$E^2 > p^2$: massive particles, $v < c$
$E^2 = p^2$: massless particles (eg photons), $v = c$
$E^2 < p^2$: tachyonic 'particles', $v > c$

The last variant is hypothetical and not really particle-like (they cannot be properly localized and would manifest more like an action-at-a-distance).

what are photons made of

As far as we know, they are elementary particles. They are excitations of a bosonic quantum field and not made out of anything.

how are they created

Through processes that involve the electromagnetic interaction in general and accelerating, vibrating or jumping electrons in particular.
Comment: A photon strike at speed of light in case of photoelectric effect but its mass is zero so by e=m.csqaure its energy at time of striking must be zero but thats not it..so is it like photon's rest mass is 0 but it actually have some mass?
Comment: @kstb: $E=mc^2$ is incomplete if $m$ denotes rest mass; the general formula is $E^2=m^2c^4+p^2c^2$ with special cases $E=\gamma mc^2$ for massive and $E=h\nu$ for massless particles; in principle, you could assign a 'relativistic mass' of $m_r=h\nu/c^2$ to photons, but personally, I wouldn't recommend doing so
Comment: then a photon is massless?
Comment: @kstb: a photon indeed has no *rest mass*; if you chose to do so (I do not), you could assign a *relativistic mass* that depends on the photon's frequency
Answer: No, a photon does not need to have mass to be able to interact with matter. In fact it is its energy which is important in interactions. For the photoelectric effect the incoming photon must contain enough energy to displace the electrons on the metal of the photodiode.
The question of what are photons made of is a pretty deep and difficult question, one that can only be answered with particle physics. But this is what I do know. You can create photons from pair annihilations (electron+positron, etc). And you can cause a photon to be ejected if you let an excited electron go down an energy level in an atom/molecule.

Is a photon really massless?


Logistic regression for compositional data

Question: I am looking at dimensions of LIWC-Data (Linguistic Inquiry and Wourd Count), which, according to the authors, gives out values for word-categories such as "positive emotion", "health-related" or "swear words" as percentages of the whole text. I want to compare the relationship of only one such compositional variable (e.g. "positive emotion") with a continuous dependant variable to the correlation between a non-compositional explanatory variable with the same dependant variable. As dependant variable, I am using a continuous variable with range 1-7. As for my understanding, even if I am only interested in a subset of those LIWC-dimensions, I am dealing with compositional data, which cannot be analysed properly through regular correlation. As an alternative, is it reasonable to split the dependant variable into a binary and predict it with logistic regression? Thanks for any expertise and insights, links to papers are also highly appreciated.
Answer: No, that way you would loose too much information. You can use a fractional logit though. http://maartenbuis.nl/publications/proportions4.pdf
Comment: Thanks, I will definitely look into it. But would that mean that by looking at Pearson's correlations between LIWC-Data and Narcissism, the researchers in https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334825192_Linguistic_Markers_of_Grandiose_Narcissism_A_LIWC_Analysis_of_15_Samples are using their own tool in an inappropriate way?
Comment: Hey, I edited my question to specify the particular comparison I want to make. Is fractional logit still applicable?
Comment: I am reluctant to use the word "inappropriate" in this context. Statistical models are not black and white; they are all wrong, but some are more useful than others. The concrete worry I would have here is that correlation measures the strenght of the *linear* association, and I would expect these proportions to be rather small, leading to quite a noticable non-linearity in the associations.


jQuery plugins for HTML5 video playback?

Question: I'm looking for a good jQuery plugin that allows HTML5 video playback, with graceful fallback to Flash (and potentially further, to default system player, etc).  I've googled, but nothing I've found has been quite what I'm looking for. Any suggestions?
Answer: Why do you need a plugin? Do you need a plugin to write a div? Do you need a plugin to manipulate the DOM? The whole point of the HTML5 video and audio elements is that they are built-in! You can use jQuery to set the innerHTML of the container to the ordinary <video> tag. If you are worried about fallback, you will have an absolute nightmare if you try to do that in JS. Are you really confident JS can guess enough about the platform, compile options the browser used, and so on, to work out what codecs are supported?
Any solution you find must leverage the built-in fallback mechanism of <video>, which is designed to do everything for you.
A tutorial with the correct syntax to use is called Video for Everybody. Either echo out that code server-side, or set it as innerHTML using JS and everything works on every browser, including iPhone and Flash fallback.
Note that if you choose to generate the video element using JS, you needlessly prevent it from showing up as an enclosure in RSS.
The page linked also has references to other implementations of the same idea to look at. Anything that requires JS though is immediately suspect as it is more likely to break things than using the built-in video support as intended. (On the other hand, using JS to provide pretty themable controls to the video is exactly as intended; it is just a bad idea to use it to place the video element on the page, as it is too subject to breakage.)
If you must use JS for your own custom controls (use your own image for the play/pause button, etc), the generate the video element on the page with the controls option set (check  the documentation if needed) and then unset the controls once you know the client has got a JS solution that can properly drive the video.
Does that make sense?
Comment: Wait a sec, don't you need a plugin for the flash api? video.play() is not going to work on flash without more code.
Answer: http://jilion.com/sublime/video eventually =)
Comment: Not released yet, but that looks promising.
Comment: Eventually because it's not released yet. I'm not 100% sure this is jQuery, but man, keep an eye out because this is legit. It drops back to the normal video player on iPad + iPhone. It has flash mode, etc.
Answer: I just started looking for a solution like this recently and found jPlayer which is a video/audio player with HTML5 support and Flash playback fallback capabilities. It allows for CSS skinning as well to customize your controls and container.
http://www.jplayer.org/


C++ - Write images to PDF file

Question: Is there an easy to use PDF library (C++) to write a sequence of images to a PDF file?
Comment: which platform are you on? On Windows you don't need any libraries
Answer: ImageMagick CLI would be the easiest, you could trigger a shell execute from C++ using the OS C++ API, or maybe glib if you are on Linux.
Though there is also a C++ library for ImageMagick.
https://imagemagick.org/www/script/magick++.php
Answer: You can do this using LEADTOOLS. (Disclaimer: I am an employee of the vendor of this library).
The following C++ code takes the name of any image file and saves the image into a PDF file. Subsequent calls to this function with different images will append the new images to the same file.
<code>void AppendImageToPdf(TCHAR* pszInputImageName, TCHAR* pszOutputPDF)
{
   BITMAPHANDLE BmpPage = { 0 };
   L_LoadBitmap(pszInputImageName, &BmpPage, sizeof BITMAPHANDLE, 0, ORDER_BGR, NULL, NULL);
   L_SaveFile(pszOutputPDF, &BmpPage, FILE_RAS_PDF_JPEG_411, 24, 25, SAVEFILE_MULTIPAGE, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   L_FreeBitmap(&BmpPage);
}
</code>
There's a free evaluation (with free tech support) on this page.

C++ - Write images to PDF file


Get woocommerce coupon code

Question: With woocommerce i can set a coupon code for discount. Is it possible to get the coupon code that the user filled in. I want the shop owner to get a mail with the coupon code the user filled in. Is there a hook that can capture the coupon code field data? Thanks in advance.
Answer: You could use the woocommerce_applied_coupon hook. You find the "implementation" in the class WC_Cart (
method apply_coupon)
Usage example:
<code>function my_little_coupon_func($coupon_code)
{
    echo "coupon is correct: ". $coupon_code;

    // now send your email

}

add_action('woocommerce_applied_coupon', 'my_little_coupon_func');
</code>

Get woocommerce coupon code


How to extract data from a raw HTML file?

Question: Is there a way to extract desired data from a raw html which has been written unsemantically with no IDs and classes? I mean, suppose there is a saved html file of a webpage (profile) and I want to extract the data like (say) 'hobbies'. Is it possible to do this using PHP?
Comment: You can use regular expressions in PHP for this purpose. PHP is not a NLP specific language, but you can of course extract information from the dcouments as in other general purpose languages.
Comment: regular expressions aren't suitable for HTML I'm afraid. It's not a regular language.
Comment: Regular expressions work fine. you don't need to do brace matching. I've spidered millions of pages just using regular expressions.
Comment: I'm not saying they won't work at all, but reliable HTML parsing is beyond the capabilities of regular expressions.
Answer: Sounds like you're looking for a PHP DOM Parser, such as this one. It'll probably be a bit tricky to pull out the data you need if the HTML is truly devoid of semantic structure, but a DOM parser is the place to start.
Answer: Yes the technique is called web scraping. You could use the DOM if its valid html. If the page is dynamically generated the generator would have used some structure, and from my experience you can always isolate elements of interest.
If DOM does not work for you, you can just use regular expressions (thats what I always used to do when writing web-spiders). Regular expressions are more effective and quicker that writing scraping logic against a DOM heirarchy. So you need to open a few of the profile pages and analyze the static structure. Then just write a regular expression to isolate the fields of interest.
Answer: Use regex! I kid, I kid. If you know the state of the same page, and the format is guaranteed to remain similar enough, then you can try writing a manual parser. Alternatively, there are a lot of libraries out there that will parse html for. I'm not familiar enough with PHP to recommend one, but I'm sure some Googleing could take you a long way. I've had luck with John Resig's pure javascript HTML parser before.
At the end of the day, if you need semantic information from an html page that isn't constructed semantically, you're probably doomed programmatically and your best bet may be a mechanical turk.
Answer: There's two approaches to take with PHP.  The first is to clean your document up using the tidy extension so it's valid XHTML, and therefore well-formed XML, and therefore can be parsed using XML tools.
The second is to use the PHP release of html5lib parser, which attempts to implement the HTML5 research into current browser parsing routines.  If it displays in a browser, html5lib can parse it.
Using either approach you'll end up with a DOM object you can query using xpath expressions.  Since your theoretical documents lack semantic structure, you'll want toook at the document parts from a  "the 5th span inside the 3rd p" mindset.
More information here (self-link warning).


How to import own self created windows keyboard layout?

Question: Is it possible to import an own Windows keyboard layout or I need to generate it new?
Answer: I'm afraid you will have to choose one of the available layouts:
Go to System Settings and choose Keyboard Layout:

Then you can click at "+" to add a preconfigured layout:

If none is exactly what you need, you can made some changes with Xmodmap.


Meaning of "To my dismay/discomfort/surprise"

Question: I have come across such sentences many times. And i do the last words' meaning too , but i don't get "to my's" meaning.
Comment: to -> towards -> contributing to.  Hence the "much" in "much to my dismay".
Answer: I have had this problem too. It is kind of a weird construction.
If you say,

She had gained five pounds over the winter, much to her chagrin/dismay/etc.

Which means

Because she had gained five pounds over the winter, she experienced
  chagrin/dismay/discomfort.

Another example,

To my surprise, he didn't come to my birthday party.

Which means

Because he didn't come to my birthday party, I was surprised.
Answer: I'm not astonished that sentence introductions such as
to my surprise/astonishment/delight/horror etc
may sound a bit foreign to some. Actually this is a Latin formula, called dativus finalis, describing the effect. Even students who learn Latin have to learn such formulas as something special.
Such literary sentence introductions are not infrequent, but a good term for these formulas is lacking. The Longman Dictionary DCE has these expressions in "to", no. 16 and explains "someone's reaction/or feeling to an event". So one might invent the term "dative of reaction".


Do the verb "muse" and the noun "Muse" have a common etymology?

Question: I was wondering about that: the New Oxford American Dictionary says to muse comes from the French muser, which comes from the Latin musum. The Muse comes form the Latin musa, which comes from the Greek mousa. Those sound close, but my Latin is too weak (and my Greek inexistent) to tell if they were related back in the antique days.
Comment: On a related note, I've established that *museum* comes from the same root as *Muse*: "via Latin from Greek *mouseion* (seat of the Muses), based on *mousa* (Muse)."
Comment: today's "who knew?" question, good one.  And here's everyone's favorite noun-Muse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWeJ9p42ufg  (now **thirty-five years** ago!) Obviously, Jeff Lynne's sound is still 50 years ahead of anything today, and what about those glow graphics and effects as the girls turn real!  Historic video!
Answer: Etymonline says this about that:

muse "to be absorbed in thought," mid-14c., from O.Fr. muser (12c.) "to ponder, loiter, waste time," lit. "to stand with one's nose in the air" (or, possibly, "to sniff about" like a dog who has lost the scent), from muse "muzzle," from Gallo-Romance *musa "snout," of unknown origin. Probably influenced in sense by muse (n.). Related: Mused; musing.
Comment: Wow! Without this I'd certainly have succumbed to folk etymology. It gets hard when analogy and folk etymology actually change the words themselves. +1
Comment: I am also surprised.
Comment: This issue seems fascinating, but I still totally don't understand which is which!
Answer: [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin Mūsa, from Greek Mousa; see men-1 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]
Word History: Ever since Chaucer first mentions the Muses in a work from around 1390, English poets have invoked these goddesses like so many other versifiers since the days of Homer, who begins both The Iliad and The Odyssey with an invocation of his Muse. The word Muse comes from Latin Mūsa, which in turn is from Greek Mousa. In Greek dialects, this word is found in the variant forms mōsa and moisa, and together these indicate that the Greek word comes from an original *montwa. As to the further origins of this form, a clue is provided by the name of Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory and mother of the Muses. Her name is simply the Greek noun mnēmosunē, "memory"—the faculty of memory was indeed the mother of invention for the ancient Greek professional poets and bards whose job it was to compose new poems in traditional styles on festive occasions, to recite the verses of Homer, and to improvise material whenever they had a memory lapse. Greek mnēmosunē is derived from the root *mnā-, an extended form of the Greek and Indo-European root *men-, "to think." This is the root from which English also gets the words amnesia (from Greek), mental (from Latin), and mind (from Germanic). The reconstructed form *montwa, the ancestor of Greek Mousa, also comes from this root and probably originally referred to "mental power" that enables poets to craft verses—the Muses were the Greek poets' divinized conceptions of the faculties that help them to create and recite poetry.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2019 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Answer: It seems to be thought unlikely.
The etymology of the verb muse seems to be too obscure to trace it back clearly to a Latin etymology. As you mentioned, the English verb certainly seems to come from the French verb muser. The ending -er is just a termination for the infinitive of verbs in the 1st group (the largest conjugational class for French verbs).
The OED and the French TLFi (© 2012 - CNRTL) say that French muser is probably derived from an unattested Old French noun *mus that meant something like "face"; the TLFi indicates that *mus would also have been the base of the attested French word museau. The TLFi entry for museau (which originally had the form musel, with a diminutive suffix -el) indicates that it is akin to Italian muso, and says that both come from a Latin word musus, -us of obscure origin.
French musel is the source of English muzzle; the OED entry for that word also mentions Old French *mus and says that "Postclassical Latin musus or musum is of uncertain origin".
The English and French noun muse, from Latin Musa, from Greek Μοῦσα, is not described by either of these sources as being related to the verb muse(r), from Old French *mus, from Latin musus/musum.


Is it safe to leave cooked poultry at room temperature overnight?

Question: Assuming that I've already cooked the poultry (or eggs) to recommended temperatures - does it need to be refrigerated immediately, or is it safe to eat if it's been left at room temperature overnight?
Answer: Time for a safety lesson.
When you are dealing with food products that can spoil, what you are concerned about is the Danger Zone, which is the temperature range at which bacteria multiplies fastest. While specific numbers will vary, a decent rule of thumb is 4-60 degrees Celsius. What that means is any food prone to spoilage must be kept out of that temperature range, and if it is going to be within that temperature range, it must be for less than four hours, aggregated across the product's lifetime. What this also means is that when you are chilling hot food you need to do so as fast as possible, in order to minimize the time spent in the Danger Zone.
Foods that are dangerous are the ones you would expect: anything which requires refrigeration. Potatoes, for example, are perfectly safe to keep at room temperature when raw, but must be refrigerated once cooked. (Perhaps a poor example, as potatoes fare better when kept below room temp but above fridge temp, but you catch my drift I hope). So we're talking about raw meats, most dairy (very hard cheeses may be kept at room temp with no ill effects other than possible softening), many vegetables and fruits, that sort of thing. Eggs and butter can be considered a somewhat special case; eggs can be kept at room temp with few problems (and in fact eggs used to be kept right out on kitchen counters, in the shell of course, not after they have been cracked), while butter can generally be kept at room temperature for a few days before the fats will start to become rancid (anecdata: we never kept butter in the fridge when I was a kid, except for butter my mother needed for baking, where the temperature is a matter of physics in the recipe, and not health. Never had any problems.) Harder vegetables--potatoes, carrots, parsnips--can generally be kept at room temp without problems, as can many fruits--apples, oranges (all thick-rind citrus really), bananas, and so on.
So. According to the food safety experts, you absolutely should not leave even cooked poultry out overnight, as any bacterial contamination will be severe after a few hours. In real terms, unless you are very young/old or immunocompromised in some way (e.g. leukemia, chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS, etc) you're probably going to be okay. I am a professional chef, and at home I'm pretty lackadaisical about expiry dates, how long most things have been sitting out, etc. In the context of work, however, I am extremely anal about rapid chilling/heating and keeping food safe, and I will always advise other people to be cautious with their food; what I choose to do with my own body is my concern. When In Doubt, Throw It Out is always good advice; there's a reason it was stencilled across the inside of the walk-in refrigerator door at one restaurant I worked at.
You should also bear in mind that much of the time bacterial contamination is not detectable by the eye, nose, or tongue until it has become severe. Even when contamination is not detectable with our senses, serious illness can occur (see, for example, recent outbreaks of E. coli, listeria, and salmonella, none of which can be detected with eyes/nose/tongue). So the 'smell test,' while in use by almost everyone who cooks food, is really not all that reliable as a gauge for spoilage; taste and smell can definitively say that a given product has gone bad, but it cannot say that a given product is definitively okay to eat.
(As a side note on food safety, if cheese has gone mouldy, don't trim off the mouldy bits. Just throw it out. While much of the time any such mould will be entirely harmless, it's not worth taking the chance over, especially given that if mold has bloomed on the surface of the cheese, spores will be present on the entire surface, with penetration into the cheese itself. Seriously, just toss it, and re-examine how you store your cheese and/or how much you're buying at a time).
Even easier to remember: keep hot food hot (above 60C) and cold food cold (below 4C). Make things hot as fast as possible, and cold as fast as possible.
(Note that I am a cooking professional, not a medical professional, and nothing here should be construed as medical advice. Always err on the side of caution.)
Comment: I didn't say *in*accurate, I said not entirely accurate. There's an important distinction between the two. Moreover, 'within two hours of cooking' is woefully inadequate; hot foods which are going to be chilled should be chilled as quickly and rapidly as possible. Leaving freshly-cooked poultry on the counter for two hours *guarantees* that it will be sitting in the danger zone for quite some time.
Comment: The smell test *is* a valid test, as long as you're testing for the right kind of spoilage. *Rancidity* can be smelled long before any food safety issues come into play; *bacterial* contamination on the other hand, as you say, has no particular odor (otherwise almost all raw meat would smell terrible).
Comment: I think its worth adding: don't put hot food in the fridge. Leave it sitting out until it starts to drop into the danger zone. Otherwise you'll bring up the temperature of your fridge and possibly put all your food at risk. A household fridge is more for _keeping_ cold food cold than it is for _making_ it cold.
Comment: Very complete answer.
Comment: Yeah but rancidity is not a dangerous thing; it just tastes gross. I was speaking only of bacterial contamination.
Comment: Yeah I should have mentioned that, thanks. I would say, however, that hot things shouldn't sit out for any longer than an hour--remember that the time limit of four hours is *aggregate*, not each time the product goes into that temperature range.
Comment: @daniel, my understanding is that rancidity is dangerous. Quote by integrative medicine specialist Andrew Weil re rancid oils: "They're carcinogenic, pro-inflammatory and very toxic," http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-03-07/features/sc-food-0302-rancidity-20120307_1_trans-fats-polyunsaturated-oils-food-chain
Comment: Canned Chill (or similar) can sit on a shelf for months.
If I bring chilli to a bubbling boil for a few hours, then it cools to room temp overnight (power went out) and then bring it back to a boil, is there really enough microbes left alive to grow significantly overnight? (I realize that canning calls for higher temps than 212F)
Answer: No. Cooked eggs and poultry should be stored in the refrigerator within two hours of cooking.
Comment: We're always taking hardboiled eggs on picnic trips and often there pass (substantially) more than two hours after cooking. So this is unsafe? Do you have any references for this? I never had a problem yet.
Comment: Right, that's what I figured. *Why*, though? Since the proteins are denatured and the egg is still almost (!) sterile, I find it plausible that it should be safe.
Comment: @Konrad: Technically, yes it is unsafe. -- I can walk across a street with my eyes closed, that doesn't mean it's a safe thing to do.
Comment: and poultry flesh is the same way
Comment: Copied from elsewhere: 'within two hours of cooking' is woefully inadequate; hot foods which are going to be chilled should be chilled as quickly and rapidly as possible. Leaving freshly-cooked poultry on the counter for two hours guarantees that it will be sitting in the danger zone for quite some time.


Find lost photos that show in screen saver

Question: Wonderful older photos that aren't in my library show up on my screen saver. I would love to be able to get to them! I currently use 10.9.3, but this has been happening for a long time.
Answer: Photos in the screen saver come from the source that is selected in System Preferences → Desktop & Screen Saver. This means that your missing photos will be in whatever source has been selected there.


Understanding Backup Types

Question: I have recently started a role as a junior DBA... Yesterday I created a new database for a co-worker and my boss asked me to make sure we get a backup plan on it asap.
I didn't think much about it, went into the agent, created a job that took a full backup every night @ 1AM.  Being proud of myself I went to bed and didn't think anymore about it.  This morning I started thinking that was not "Good enough" - if the database died at 12AM, then they would lose almost 23 hours of data, which would probably get me fired. :)
So to make sure I understand this - I think I need to do Differential Backups in addition to my full backup.. After looking at this tutorial, I had a few questions:

Would I just go into the agent and add a job that happens at every hour (for example) that creates a differential backup?
If my understanding is correct, that would backup the Transactional log every hour until 1AM when it does a Full backup, then it would "Reset" the T-Log and start over again from the next day, so at the most would be 1 hour of data loss - Is that correct?
So in the end, I would have 2 jobs on the agent, one that fires off every day @ 1AM to do a "FULL" backup, and one that fires off every hour that does a differential backup?
Answer: Kin is correct to point you to Ola Hallengren's backup and maintenance solution.
It sounds like you're new, so also consider looking into:

SQLServerCentral's Top 6 Myths of Transaction Logs.
Paul Randall's Transaction Log blog entries
Paul Randall's Backup and Restore blog entries

Mandatory: Read A SQL Server DBA myth a day: (30/30) backup myths

Kimberly Tripp's Transaction Log blog entries

Mandatory: Read Transaction Log VLFs – too many or too few?

Aaron Bertrand is correct to point you to Why Does the Transaction Log Keep Growing or Run Out of Space?.
Usr is correct; until you test restores, assume your backups are worthless.
The commenters are also correct, you must consult with the business.
In more detail, you need:

RPO: Recovery Point Objective.  How much data loss is acceptable - i.e. restore back to within an hour before the loss?  A day?
RTO: Recovery Time Objective.  How long it takes to get the system back up again.
At least a skeleton DR plan, in particular, what types of "disasters" are your RPO and RTO good for?

corrupt database
hard drive crash
multiple drive crash resulting in RAIDset loss
accidental file deletion
server dropped during move
server stolen
building burned down
regional natural disaster (large hurricanes, earthquakes, typhoons, tsunami, major volcanic eruptions, major flooding)

Budget

After you get this, you can go back and renegotiate the previous points.

As far as a general backup plan, I would start with considering:

Search for anywhere someone's truncating the log... and stop that!  You don't want to breaking your log chain!

Likewise if you're switching in and out of SIMPLE recovery model.

Figure out where your backups need to go; backing up to the same disk spindles that hold your databases or logs is pretty pointless by itself; lose the disks, and you lose both the active database and the backups all in one fell swoop.
In all cases, set CHECKSUM on.
Full backups for everything, regularly.

Maybe this is daily, maybe it's weekly, maybe it's biweekly, maybe even monthly.
NOTE: Keeping more than one around is useful; for FULL (and BULK-LOGGED if there are no bulk-logged changes) recovery model databases, you can skip a corrupt full backup if you have a prior full backup and an unbroken log chain.

Full backups are the ONLY backup allowed for Master.

Timing on this must be at least as frequent as your RPO.

Don't forget to back up msdb too, and you might as well toss model in.

yes, model.  Sometimes it has user defined types, etc.

Differential backups on SIMPLE mode databases

Timing on this must be at least as frequent as your RPO.

OPTIONAL: Differential backups on FULL and BULK-LOGGED databases

these can allow you to have faster restores
these can also allow you to "skip over" damaged/lost/corrupt transaction log backups that are BETWEEN your full backup and a DIFFERENTIAL, after which you can continue restoring transaction logs as long as your log chain is unbroken from that point.

Log backups on all FULL and BULK-LOGGED database.

Timing on this must be at least as frequent as your RPO.
This is MANDATORY in order to keep t-log size down

Run test restores; it doesn't matter if they're on the same server or a different server, just run them.
Who has access to the backups
Encryption of the backups

Key management of the encryption

Offsite storage

And how that affects RTO

during the "larger" disasters; even so much as a blizzard or mudslide can add hours or days to this.
Answer: I think this the most popular question: "How often should I backup my databases". So, here are some simple answers: "Everything depends on how large your database is? How often you make changes to your database? and How important your data is?"
For example, you can make a full backup every 24 hours (as you do), differential backup every 6 hours and backup your transaction log every hour.
So, now let's dig deeper:
Full database backup:
A full database backup backs up all data files and active part of the transaction log. The active part of the transaction log is necessary to restore a database to a transactionally consistent point. Remember: if you use simple recovery model the transaction log will truncate during the checkpoint process.And point-in-time recovery is not possible.
BACKUP DATABASE database TO DISK = 'd:/full.bak';

Differential database backup:
A differential backup is created similarly to a full backup, but with one important difference – the differential backup only contains the data that has changed since the last full backup (the active portion of the transaction log). Differential backups are cumulative not incremental. This means that a differential backup contains all changes made since the last full backup, in spite of the fact that they have already been included in previous differential backups.
BACKUP DATABASE database TO DISK = 'd:/diff.bak' WITH DIFFERENTIAL;

Transaction log backup
A transaction log backup contains all transaction log records that have been made between the last transaction log backup or the first full backup and the last log record that is created upon completion of the backup process. The transaction log backup allows to restore a database to a particular point-in-time before the failure has occurred. It is incremental, meaning that in order to restore a database to a certain point-in-time, all transaction log records are required to replay database changes up to that particular point-in-time. Please note that transaction log backup is available only for full or bulk-logged recovery models.
BACKUP LOG database TO DISK = 'd:/log.bak';

Assume that you use such database backup schedule with full backup every 24 hours, differential backup every 6 hours, and transaction log every hour. And your database runs under full recovery model. Look at the picture below:

Some crucial data were deleted at 20:30, the best we can do in this case is to restore the database to 20:29. The restore process will be next:
RESTORE DATABASE database FROM DISK = 'd:/full_10_00.bak' WITH NORECOVERY, REPLACE
RESTORE DATABASE database FROM DISK = 'd:/diff_16_00.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG database FROM DISK = 'd:/log_17_00.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG database FROM DISK = 'd:/log_18_00.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG database FROM DISK = 'd:/log_19_00.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG database FROM DISK = 'd:/log_20_00.bak' WITH NORECOVERY
RESTORE LOG database FROM DISK = 'd:/log_21_00.bak' WITH
    STOPAT = '2015-11-26 20:29:00.000', RECOVERY

In this case data from 20:29 till 21:00 will be lost.

Understanding Backup Types


why is the subject blurry and the back ground clear

Question: I was practicing with my daughter and most of the pics came out good but some really good ones, or what could have been really good, her face was blurred but the background was clear.
Comment: What camera are you using? Does it have different focus modes, and if so, which mode or modes did you use?
Comment: Please add some sample photos (blank out your daughter's face if you need to) - it's very difficult for us to say what's gone wrong without some examples.
Comment: This is essentially the same question: [Simply bad focus or too big aperture?](https://photo.stackexchange.com/q/71068/15871)
Answer: Without seeing the pics the most likely reasons in my experience:

You were too close to your daughter for the lens you were using.
Your autofocus zone wasn't on your daughter's face.
Your daughter was moving faster than your autofocus could compensate.
You were using the wrong AF settings for your shooting conditions. (i.e. using one shot instead of AI if she was running around a lot)
Answer: Cameras use lenses to focus the light for the creation of your image. What's in focus is typically represented by a distance scale.
The simplest cameras cannot change focus, like this Fuji QuickSnap. It's focus is fixed and it brings everything from 1 meter to infinity into focus.
If you were using this camera, and your daughter were closer to you than 1 meter...then she would be blurry while the background would be crisp.
Other cameras allow you to focus the lens to a small degree or high degree. For example, this Lomo Instant has two focus options: 0.4m - 0.9m or 1m - Infinity. One would need to select the correct one based on the distance the subject is from the camera. Again, if you chose 1m - infinity and your daughter were closer than 1m, she'd be out of focus while the background would look good.
Finally, the modern camera and lens, like this Canon 50mm f/1.8 has a minimum focusing distance of 35cm and a maximum of infinity. The catch here is that the range of acceptable focus, what's called Depth of Field, is dependent on the aperture you select. That being said, if you were using this camera and lens and had a crisp background and blurry foreground - that indicates that you missed the focus point being on your daughter.
If you can edit your question to include more info, like the type of camera used, then we could further deduce how to help you take better shots. Cheers,
Answer:
her face was blurred but the background was clear

Short answer: You focussed on the wrong thing, or you focussed on the right thing but then moved the camera without refocussing.
Longer answer: The front-to-back range in which the image is acceptably in focus is called the depth of field, and exactly how deep it is depends on several parameters, notably the aperture. Wider apertures (lower f-numbers, like f/2) give you less depth of field than smaller apertures (higher f-numbers, like f/8 or f/16). If you set your camera to one of the automatic aperture modes (like P or Tv or any of the simpler modes), the camera may select a large aperture in order to make a nice exposure even if you're not thinking about that, and you end up with shallow depth of field. If you want to control the depth of field, sent the camera to manual (M) or aperture priority (Av) mode. And no matter which mode you're in, you do need to be careful to focus on the subject before you shoot.
Answer: The other possibility is that the shutter speed was too slow so the subject that was moving was blurred but the background which was still was not blurred. This is more likely if you have a camera or lens with image stabilization or were using a tripod. What was the shutter speed?


What happens to shapeshifters born to a different species of animal?

Question: We know that different races of Fera can share kin; in fact, I'll base the rest of the question on the Zhong Lung merit Same-Bito Kin: this allows you to play a Mokolé who is also Kin to Rokea. Suppose that this Mokolé goes on to breed with a crocodile (Kin or not) and have children, crocodiles who happen to be Kin to Rokea (and Mokolé too, of course). What happens if, be it one of these children or in a few generations, the Rokea breeds true in a child naturally born as a crocodile? Would something prevent this? Would they gain a Homid form? Would they lose their natural (Suchid) form? Would they change between a crocodile and a shark, and if so would that affect their Glabrus/Gladius forms?
Comment: Official answers would be preferred, but if there's an answer to this in a book, I never found it.
Comment: Where do you source this merit? I did dig through all of the W20 and the mentioned ones below, not a single mention of Same-Bito Kin as a merit.
Comment: @Trish Breedbook 6 - Mokolé, pg76
Comment: Eh,... You misunderstand that Merit in total: it has nothing to do with Kin as in Kinfolk (Fera breeding stock), it means Kin as in *family*. Zhon Lung see themselves as the uncles of the Rokea... let me ammend my answer for THIS one.
Answer: What do the Books say?

There is no mention of this in the 20th Anniversary Edition, nor the Changing Breeds belonging to it has this meritW20CB p207.
The Hengeyokai, that gave us so much about Same-Bito and Zhong Lung does not mention such a trait/feat at all, nor does it list it in Merits/FlawsHengeyokai p107.
The Revised Players Guide to the Changing Breeds mentions this in neither the MokoléPGttCB p111 nor RokeaPGttCB p148 entry nor the merits/flaws/background sectionPGttCB p164.
At the off chance, I dug out the Mind Eye's Theatre - Hengeyokai... No word on this connection when the Same-Bitop91 and Zhong Lungp108/109 speak about the Kinfolk.
I dug out 2nd Edition Breed Book 6 - Mokolé. It mentions the Zhong Lung... but not their ties to Same-Bito kinfolkp40/41. They have a special trait that has to do with kinfolk: something to increase the chance of making one of their own kindp52.
In a similar vein I took Breed Book 8 - Rokea. There is mention of the Same-Bitop28. But it also has a very interesting tidbit: Rokea don't have Kinfolk in the traditional sense. ANY shark is Kinfolk to them, and any coupling that results in one shark only generates a Rokeap36. And any coupling with a human will never be Rokea but generate what would be best described as Kinfolk in the traditional sense. Only if a Rokea breeds with those humans, it can generate another Rokeap37. Yet the book also refers to the Mokolé as cousins a few times, but that has nothing to do with breeding but that both breeds are the oldest. Yet no word among the traits that this would be possiblep65. BTW, what do Rokea think about Mokolé? This:

The oldest of the Changers are good neighbors, if not friends.  [...] The place we most often have regular contact with them is in Australia, probably because the crocodiles out there can swim the  Sea. Also, the crocs down under — "salties," they're called —  use humans as a food source! That's gutsy, I'll admit. And the humans still go swimming. . ..

Kinfolk - Unsung Heroes of W20 goes even more into detail! But again: NO WORD about this combo of lineages.

This means that the vast majority of Rokea are sharkborn.
  There are no Kinfolk sharks. A Rokea mating with
  a shark produces a single Rokea offspringp50 [...]
  homid Kinfolk of the Rokea are no more than one or two
  generations removed from their direct Rokea ancestors.p51

Fera procreation in general
Let's first check the general rules about Fera and procreation: they either lay a human or animal kinfolk, if they are not using some other trick to generate offspring (looking at you, Corax!). They take their animal shape to lay an animal of the same breed (Garou in Lupus with wolves, Khan in Felid with tigers, Kitsune in Kyubi with foxes, etc.). For Rokea this means a little more: a Tigershark-born Rokea picks a Tigershark if mating in animal shape, not a white shark and certainly not a crocodile either.
Cross-Mating-Experiments!
What does this all mean to the combo? Well, there is ONE way it might work, and only one: Not with animal Kinfolk but human Kinfolk. How? listen up:

Mokolé Kinfolk is an automatic inheritable trait. As long as your line can be traced back to a Mokolé Kinfolk within some generations (rather long) you are Mokolé Kinfolk.
Rokea Kinfolk is - for humans - inheritable if one of your parents is Rokea, or possibly if both parents are Rokea kinfolk like on Hawa'i.

A human Mokolé Kinfolk can certainly interbreed with a Rokea. This child \$ F_1 \$ is for all purposes Kinfolk to both lines: for Mokolé because of lineage, for Rokea because of the one parent. Now, we have our Hybrid... let's go into the \$F_2\$, and we summon a host of parents:

Coupling the \$F1\$ with a Mokolé give a Mokolé or Mokolé Kinfolk, without the Rokea Kinfolk "trait".
Coupling the \$F1\$ with a Rokea gives a Rokea. Not Mokolé Kinfolk.
Coupling the \$F1\$ with a Rokea Kinfolk gives a human Mokolé+Rokea Kinfolk

The Pentex Solution
If there is one thing Pentax is good at, it is perverting nature. Provided they have a source for Mokolé and Rokea genetic material, they might use their Wyrm infused labs, magicans, vampires and fomori to generate a breed of hybrid kinfolk in a similar fashion as they recreate the Bunyip or made Gorilla-Shapeshifters. But no honorable Mokolé or Rokea would talk to Pentax to even propose this!
Origin of the Question?!
After getting told where the Same Bito Kin merit was noted (I missed it for some odd reason), I looked at it again:

You are Kin to the Weresharks of the East. The ST will create the Same-Bito school who are related to you[...]Breedbook 6 - Mokolé p76

This is all we got, but there are three things of note here:

It is not tied to the Kinfolk trait in any way, in fact, it only mentions kin not kinfolk. Which is different: Kin is a general word, it means family in some way. Kinfolk is the game term for "Fera Breeding Stock".
The whole culture of the Same-Bito was invented by the Zhong Lung, and they look at them like younger brothers/sisters. Heck, they even use the term "cousin" for Mokolé in the Rokea breed book constantly, showing that the two are among the first born species, and the only ones the Rokea can at all work with to some degree.
It mentions a school of Same-Bito. A school of Same-Bito is the equivalent of a pack. Usually they are not only not blood related to one another, they are also usually from different breeds (=shark races). Nothing speaks of them wanting or even being able to reproduce with you.

Nothing in this specific merit says, that the Mokolé could procreate with the Rokea, in fact, neither Rokea nor Mokolé do have the ability to generate any Metis offspring (that can live on its own). It is a social merit that pretty much takes the spot of "Werewolf friend" for cats, but generates a whole pack, not a single ally.
Comment: Wow, this is an incredibly detailed answer. Thanks for all the hard work.


What was a "Teuctli" in Mesoamerican history

Question: What was a "Teuctli" in Mesoamerican history? I do not know how to spell it. I know that was some kind of leader.
Comment: [This?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teuctocaitl)
Comment: ...I did find this that talks like that was the Aztec word for "General" https://books.google.com/books?id=CKYLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA822&lpg=PA822&dq=teutcli+aztec&source=bl&ots=YIduRTVBop&sig=nDTm0S9KEAB1oqk6gm6xTZdSPnc&hl=xx-bork&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjH8IbmsqnUAhXBNSYKHf9MCgUQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&q=teutcli%20aztec&f=false
Comment: Any more context you can give us? A specific country perhaps? A specific language?
Answer: The term Teuctli is mentioned several times in this book:

The name of the office held by Montezuma according to the best
  accessible information was simply Teuctli which signifies a war chief.
  As a member of the council of chiefs he was sometimes called Tlatoani
  which signifies speaker. This office of a general military commander was the highest known to the Aztecs.

The term also had a more general use, which is explained (same source) this way:

The title of Teuctli was added in the manner of a surname to the
  proper name of the person advanced to this dignity as Chichimeca-Teuctli ,Pil-Teuctli and others The Teuctli took precedency of all
  others in the senate both in the order of sitting and voting and were
  permitted to have a servant behind them with a seat which was esteemed
  a privilege of the highest honor Clavigero U 137

So there were at least two uses for the word. One, when added to a name to indicate the individual deserved the highest respect, and the second, indicating the highest position possible of general military commander.
Comment: Sorry, the source is *dated*.  I did expand the quote to include a little more description of the position Montezuma held.  Sometimes we have to cringe when reading some attitudes and biases held in the past, but that too *is History*. And we hope we can learn from it...
Comment: *sigh*. Not doubting your source, but is there a good reason for calling that position in a multi-city civilization "war chief" rather than "General"? It seems to diminish the Aztecs for no good reason.
Comment: Not a complaint about you of course. I'm not even really mad at your source .... just disappointed.
Answer: From what I have read, several bands of Chichimecs came into the Valley of Mexico   and took over various city states.  Each tribe and city state was ruled by a Tlatoani.  The Acolhua tribe took over the city of Texcoco.  Xolotl of the Acolhua tribe was the commander of the invading Chichimecs and used the title of Chichimeca Teuctli or "Lord of (all the) Chichimecs" as well as being the first Tlatoani of Texcoco.
The descendants of Xolotl continued to claim the over lordship of the other Chichimec realms in the Valley of Mexico.
The Tepanec tribe ruled the city of Azcapotzalco.  Tezozomoc became the Tlatoani of Azcapotzaloc in 1353, 1367,or 1370.  Tezozomoc eventually claimed the title of Chichimeca Teuctli and the over lordship of the Valley of Mexico.
Tzozomoc fought Ixtlilxochitl I (reigned 1409-1418) Tlatoani of Texcoco, defeating him in 1418.  Ixtilxochitl as killed while his son Nezahualcoyotl  (1402-1472) hid in the branches of a tree and watched.
Tezozomoc became Totoquihuaztli and died in 1426, allegedly aged 106.  His son Maxtla as defeated in 1428 by Nezahualcoyotl Tlatoani of Texcocco, Itzcoatl Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, and Totoquihuaztli, Tlatoani of the Tepanec city of Tlacopan.
They formed the Triple Alliance in 1428 to conqueror and rule as much land as they could.  Nezahualcoyotl retook the title of Chichimeca Teuctli, Totoquihuaztli took the title of Tepanaca Teuctli ("Lord of the Tepanecs"), and Itzcoatl took the title Culhua Teuctli, ("Lord of the Culhua"). Itzcoatl's father's mother was a daughter of a king of Culhuacan, and the rulers of Culhuacan claimed descent from the Toltecs, so Itzcoatl stressed his high descent.  Teuctli in those titles more or less meant overlord or high king instead of simple lord.
The Mexica or Azteca of Tenochtitlan expanded their conquests and tribute system much faster than Texcoco or Tlacopan, so eventually their rulers became much more powerful than the other two combined, and it is common to refer to the Aztec Empire.
And that is the version of the meaning of teuctli that I have read.


(Buildroot) "silentoldconfig" error on compile

Question: I just moved an old buildroot folder from an old VM to a newer one to consolidate. I thought that simply moving the folder, along with any dependent folders, and making the appropriate path/name changes would be all that is required to get it up and running in the new VM.
Unfortunately, this appears to not be the case as I am greeted with the following error upon attempting to build in this new VM:
<code>#
# configuration written to /home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05/.config
#
/usr/bin/make -j5  HOSTCC="/usr/bin/gcc" HOSTCXX="/usr/bin/g++" silentoldconfig
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05'
BR2_DEFCONFIG='' KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG=/home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05/output/build/buildroot-config/auto.conf KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER=/home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05/output/build/buildroot-config/autoconf.h KCONFIG_TRISTATE=/home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05/output/build/buildroot-config/tristate.config BUILDROOT_CONFIG=/home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05/.config /home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05/output/build/buildroot-config/conf --silentoldconfig Config.in

*** Error during update of the configuration.

Makefile:692: recipe for target 'silentoldconfig' failed
make[1]: *** [silentoldconfig] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05'
Makefile:396: recipe for target '/home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05/output/build/buildroot-config/auto.conf' failed
make: *** [/home/mirion/mirion/buildroot-2013.05/output/build/buildroot-config/auto.conf] Error 2
mv: cannot stat 'output/images/rootfs.ubi': No such file or directory
</code>
Are there any ideas as to what I can do to resolve this?
I did some poking around on google but could not find anything conclusive.
EDIT: Original VM was running Lubuntu 12.04, the new VM is running Ubuntu 17.10.
Thanks.
Answer: I switched to using "olddefconfig" instead, it seems to work.
Comment: A bit more explanation would be appreciated


Integers and Number-theory

Question: The positive integers from $1$ to $n$ (where $n>1$) are arranged in a line such that
the sum of any two adjacent numbers is a square. What is the minimum value
of $n$?
Comment: I found one for n=15 but don't know about maximum value of n $8,1,15,10,6,3,13,12,4,5,11,14,2,7,9$ and this one for n=32 on internet $1,8,28,21,4,32,17 ,19$,$30,6,3, 13,12,24,25,11,5,31$,$18,7,29,20 ,16,9,27,22,14,2,23,26,10,15$
Comment: Is this your own question or you heard it somewhere because n=1
Comment: @LoveInvariants, it is lovely to get it for two numbers
Comment: @Satish Ramanathan-Thx
Answer: It is conjectured that there is not a maximum value of $n$. See this post. It is a question of mine regarding exactly this, and today, it still remains an open problem such that most people I know refer to it as the "Square-Sum Problem."
An Australian mathematician by the name of Matt Parker perhaps introduced this problem or popularised it in one of his books, Things to Make and Do in the Fourth Dimension $(2014)$. In the book, he conjectured that there always exists such a sequence for $n > 89$, and then $n > 91$.
However, in a Numberphile YouTube video, Matt Parker and his friend talks about how they tested this conjecture for more values, and as far as I know, the conjecture is true thus far and we now want to test for values $n > 300$.
The video has two parts, Part 1 and Part 2.

The minimum value of $n$ is definitely not $2$, as $1+2=3\neq k^2$ for an integer $k$. I believe the minimum value is $15$, but I have to go through the book again. In the meantime, I will attempt to write a program...
Edit: Notice that the $15$-length sequence (as pointed out by @LoveInvariants), $$8,1,15,10,6,3,13,12,4,5,11,14,2,7,9$$ has a particular method of being found. You start with all the number from $1$ to $15$. Then, you start your sequence with $1$. Now, looking at the remainding numbers, find the highest number out of those such that when you add $1$ to it, the result is a square number. The answer, is $15$. Now with your new remainding numbers, find the lowest number out of those such that when you add $15$ to it, the result is a square number. Next, find the highest, then the lowest, and continue. You should have one number left: $8$, and now, all is left is to put the $8$ at the beginning of the sequence before $1$. As far as I have tested in the last two months or so, this is the only sequence that can be generated using this specific method.
This might contribute to why $15$ might be the minimum value for $n$.

Update:
Ok the coding finished and I left the program running overnight. After fixing a couple of errors in the morning, it turns out $15$ is in fact the minimum value of $n$.
Comment: Doesn't the method from the video (succesively setting up a graph and connecting numbers with an edge that sum to a square number) show that $n=15$ is the minimum value because this is the smallest $n$ where you have a Hamiltoninan path?
Comment: @Janik Well if that is the case, then it is. I am no expert in Hamiltonian paths and such kinds of networks (or graphs). My coding hasn't finished yet, but soon, I will be able to check by brute-force.
Comment: Thank You all for the solutions.  Now, I understand the problem very well.   Greatly appreciated!   :-)

Integers and Number-theory


Export entire folder using SharePoint Designer?

Question: I have a folder that contains many html, js, css and image files. I want to export the folder as a zip or in any possible way as long as it's in a bulk. Right now, the only option that I know of is to extract the files one by one using SharePoint Designer.
Answer: You can open the Library using the "Open with explorer" option, from here you can copy the everything or Folder and move it where you want.
Copy or move library files by using Open with Explorer
Comment: This does not work for all systems, as file access can be prohibited in the explorer.
Comment: Hmm! Still works in Online, great! Year ago it was unaccessible (there was OneDrive instead)


Which alchemy perks increase alchemy leveling speed?

Question: Which alchemy perks actually help you level alchemy faster? I was told the first 3 perks do, but have had no confirmation (or if it actually even works)
Comment: Making stronger/better pots increases your skill faster. Can't give a more thorough answer atm but that's the gist of it.
Answer: Making stronger potions and poisons (e.g. a higher gold value) gives more experience. Thus, all perks that makes your potions stronger also helps you gain more experience per potion. These perks are Alchemist, Physician, Poisoner and Benefactor which all boosts the strength of your potions. The Alchemist perk is probably the best, since it boosts the effect of both potions and poisons whilst the others only boost certain types of potions.
Physician makes potions that restore Health, Magicka or Stamina better, Poisoner makes poisons more powerful and I believe that Benefactor makes all potions that enhances your stats better. However, Alchemist is needed to get the Physician perk and Physician is needed to get the Benefactor and the Poisoner perk.


Does credit score history matter for credit card application?

Question: in the US, if one's credit score has only recently improved within a very short time, would one be less likely to be approved than in the case where it had been at the current level for a long time?
Comment: FICO 10 is a method of calculating your current score... Again, your current score does take your credit history into account. There's no added value for a lender to go back and look at your prior scores when they've got your current score, which already factors that information in. Anyway, it seems like you've already made up your mind, so I don't think there's much value in continuing this discussion.
Comment: Your credit score is already time-weighted. Your current credit score already takes your credit history into account, so no, your prior credit scores don't matter for any practical purpose.
Comment: time weighing the credit history, i.e. history of missed payments, card usage etc. is different from time weighing your actual credit score. For example, you could have an abysmal credit score for years due to maxing out all credit cards, then one month prior to applying for a mortgage, you pay all cards down and your score will instantly go to excellent.
Comment: If you've maxed out all your credit cards, but aren't missing any payments, you'll have a high credit utilization, but everything else about your credit score will be fine. If you pay them off, your utilization rate drops, and your score goes up a bit. If you _are_ missing payments, your score will be affected a lot more, and that history of missed payments will continue to affect your score. Lenders don't care about your prior score because your _current_ score is already an attempt to encapsulate everything lenders care about.
Comment: That's not true. In fact, they are changing the methodology to FICO 10, which does take past credit scores into account. It's just not clear when it will be implemented. If you think about it, it makes sense. As a lender, why would you be indifferent between someone with a credit score of 750, who had this score for years and someone how had a score of 550 for years and only got to 750 one month ago?
Comment: No, FICO 10 is not currently being implemented by most lenders, and it won't be before end of 2020. And again, you are confusing credit history and history of credit score. Just do a google search on what FICO 10 does, and you'll understand what I am asking.
Answer: No.
Lenders care what your credit score is.  They don't care what it was in the past.  If the bank wants applicants to have a 700 credit score for a particular card, they don't care whether you've had that score for a day, a month, or a decade.  They just care what your current score is.
As @NingNing points out in the comments, there are new FICO models coming out that incorporate more historical information about balances and payments into calculating your credit score.  But banks will still just care about the current score not your score from last year.
Answer: Credit history can have a substantial impact on your odds of getting approved for a credit card.
Improved credit history doesn't guarantee you'll be approved, and previous poor credit history doesn't guarantee you'll be denied.
Understanding what range your score falls in can help you narrow the options as you decide which cards to apply for.
Answer: YES! They do matter. Asking yourself, "Why does my credit score matter?" For a lot of reasons, some of which you may not even be familiar with. A credit score is a way of distilling your relationship with debt down into a 3 digit number. It is used to evaluate your creditworthiness, or how likely you are to pay back the debt.
Whereas
A Credit History is a record of your debts, payment history, and public records. Simply put, the length of your credit history is how long you've used credit. The length of your credit history, or how long you've been using credit, typically accounts for 15% of your total credit score.
I hope I have answered your question as simply as possible.
Comment: This doesn't address the question. The question was whether the _history_ of one's credit score affects their ability to obtain credit


PM2: Node.js App with Cron Jobs on Droplet - Reloading Server and Duplicate Cron Runs

Question: I have a Node.js application running on node v16.15.0 within a Digital Ocean droplet. The app employs cron jobs using the node-cron v3.0.1 package to handle significant processes.
Problem: whenever I deploy new code, I find it necessary to reload (gracefully restart) the Node.js server using the command pm2 reload my-app. Unfortunately, this action results in the termination of my active cron processes. Is there a way to perform a server reload without interrupting the running cron jobs?
In my attempts to improve performance, I have increased the number of clusters. However, this adjustment has led to a problem where cron jobs are duplicated and run multiple times. And for that I implemented
process.env.NODE_APP_INSTANCE === 0

for initialising crons.
Thank you for any insights and guidance you can provide.
I attempted the suggested approach of using pm2 graceful restart as outlined earlier, but unfortunately, it did not yield the expected results. The issue with the cron jobs being affected by the server restart still persists. Any further assistance would be greatly appreciated.
Answer: I resolved this issue by changing a few things in my code as follows:
process.on("SIGTERM", () => gracefull());
process.on("SIGINT", () => gracefull());

/**
 * Handle graceful shutdown
 */
function gracefull() {
  console.log(
    "Received shutdown signal. Waiting for running jobs to complete..."
  );

  /* Set the flag to indicate shutdown */
  myCron.isShuttingDown = true; // This will indicate that now do not execute new tasks in the cron

  /* If no jobs are running, exit immediately */
  if (myCron.running) {
    myCron.on("cronDone", () => {
      console.log("The Cron complete signal received");
      process.exit(0);
    });
  } else {
    console.log("No running jobs. Exiting gracefully.");
    process.exit(0);
  }
}


2003 honda civic drove through water and wont start

Question: My husband drove through a puddle about 1 foot deep yesterday and it cut off on him and hasnt started since it is still turning over but wont fire off where should i start looking for a problem to fix. Any advice will be helpfull thanks in advance
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair!
Answer: Easy answer is that he has got water on the ignition circuit - I would get WD-40 and liberally spray around the ignition leads/coils.
Worse case is he has got water in the air inlet - remove spark plugs and turn over if this is the case.
Use some easy start initially to see if there is a spark.
Comment: OP stated the engine turns over, so no water (or minimal) in the intake (not hydrolocked). Intake on an '03 Civic is pretty high (in the scheme of things) and is fairly long. Would take quite a bit of water (deep and plentiful) to get in and hydrolock the engine.


How to include the deleted elements when querying a "paranoid" table on sequelize.js?

Question: I want that previously existing users on my application, that have been deleted using the paranoid mode (so now its field deletedAt is NOT null), to be able to register again using the same email. So when the API notices a user creation with a previously used email it sets to null the deletedAt field of the previously existing register instead of creating a new user.
Usually for looking for an user I will do,
User.find( { where: { email: req.body.user.email } })
But upon inspection of the SQL query created, it includes
Users.deletedAt IS NULL
Is there any special way of finding when dealing with paranoid models?
Answer: Just run your query like this:
User.find({
  where: {email: req.body.user.email},
  paranoid: false
})

Answer: Sequelize has this feature built in. Per their API docs, you can include the 'paranoid' flag in the options of your find call.
e.g.
User.find({where: {email: req.body.user.email}}, {paranoid: false}).success(models) {
    //models contains both deleted and non-deleted users
}

Reference: http://docs.sequelizejs.com/en/latest/api/model/#findalloptions-promisearrayinstance
Comment: It also can query the data that is not be destroyed. sequelize version is 5.8.5
Answer: You can use hook.
var uuid = require('node-uuid')
module.exports = function (sequelize, DataTypes) {
    return sequelize.define("multi_route", {
        email: {
            type: DataTypes.STRING,
            unique: false,
        }
        //other fields
    }, {
        timestamps: true,
        paranoid: true,
        hooks: {
            beforeUpdate: function (multiFare, next) {                  // berforeUpdate will called after beforeDestroy
                if (multiFare.email.indexOf("_____destroyed") > -1) {   // check contains '_____destroyed' string
                    multiFare.email = multiFare.email + uuid.v1()       // set unique value
                }
                next()
            },
            beforeDestroy: [function (multiFare, next) {                // beforeDestroy will called before one instance destroyed
                multiFare.email = multiFare.email + '_____destroyed'    // flag this will destroy
                next()
            }]
        }
    })
}

Sorry for my bad comments :(


Is there a way to make folders open in a new window by default in OS X El Capitan?

Question: Is there a script for making folders open in a new window by default in OS X Yosemite or OS X El Capitan?
Answer:
Set folders to open in tabs or windows

In the Finder, choose Finder > Preferences, then click General.
Select or deselect "Open folders in tabs instead of new windows."

Open folders in tabs or windows
Press the Command (⌘) key while you double-click the folder.
The folder opens in a new tab or window, depending on your Finder
  preferences. Tip:   If the Finder toolbar and sidebar are hidden,
  double-clicking a folder without pressing the Command key opens the
  folder in a new window.
To open a new Finder window without opening a specific folder, choose
  File > New Finder Window or press Command (⌘)–N.

Info from: OS X Yosemite: Open folders in new Finder tabs or windows
Comment: I don't really want to hold down **Command** and double click on a folder in order to open it in a new window... Bring back Panther/Lion Finder any time - At least I had control!
Answer: So I guess the answer is "no" then.


How to set the UIFont or CTFont properties?

Question: I think it's stupid question but i reaaly need a prove. My question it's can we set the UIFont or CTFont properties like ascender, descender, cap height, and x-height? When I look at the Class reference (in UIFont) the properties is nonatomic and readonly and in CTFont there are no function to set the properties. Can we make the function in UIFont so we can set the properties or no? Anybody can help me. Thank you for your attention. :)
Answer: Both UIFont and CTFont just hold information about a particular font, and they are immutable. However, you can create an NSAttributedString or an NSMutableAttributedString and apply some properties to some sections of the underlying string.
I do not know if the properties you mention specifically in your question can be modified, though, but many can, like weight, appearance, size, kerning, spacing, etc. Check out the documentation on CTParagraphStyleRef for information about the properties that can be modified when displaying attributed strings.
Answer: You can modify the fonts themselves using Apple's Font Suite. http://developer.apple.com/fonts/
Install the tool, use this command to deconstruct the files properties into an XML file.
ftxdumperfuser -t hhea -A d font.ttfz

later on, make the necessary edits and re-construct using
ftxdumperfuser -t hhea -A f font.ttf

Now use the new fon.ttf in your app!


webparts using @pnp/js

Question: I am trying to create a sharepoint page that contains a webpart which contains some text and images. I am trying to do this using pnp/js. I have been able to create a page using pnp/js, but I can not determine how to create the webpart with the text and images. If you can give me some pointers that would be greatly appreciated.
Answer: At first, you have to create custom SharePoint Framework(SPFx) webpart where you can write code for the text and images. Then you can add this webpart in your page. Below is the code how you can add webpart in a page using pnpjs:
<code>import {
    sp,
    ClientSideWebpart,
    ClientSideWebpartPropertyTypes,
} from "@pnp/sp";

// this will be a ClientSidePageComponent array
// this can be cached on the client in production scenarios
const partDefs = await sp.web.getClientSideWebParts();

// find the definition we want, here by id
const partDef = partDefs.filter(c => c.Id === "490d7c76-1824-45b2-9de3-676421c997fa");

// optionally ensure you found the def
if (partDef.length < 1) {
    // we didn't find it so we throw an error
    throw new Error("Could not find the web part");
}

// create a ClientWebPart instance from the definition
const part = ClientSideWebpart.fromComponentDef(partDef[0]);

// set the properties on the web part. Here we have imported the ClientSideWebpartPropertyTypes module and can use that to type
// the available settings object. You can use your own types or help us out and add some typings to the module :).
// here for the embed web part we only have to supply an embedCode - in this case a youtube video.
part.setProperties<ClientSideWebpartPropertyTypes.Embed>({
    embedCode: "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWQFZ7Lx-rg",
});

// we add that part to a new section
page.addSection().addControl(part);

// save our content changes back to the server
await page.save();
</code>
References link

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webparts using @pnp/js