Bridge Edge Loops creates a Sharp Face

Question: I am trying to follow the Teacup tutorial by Blender Guru. I have made my cup and it's handle and I am trying to bridge the edge loops to merge the other part of the handle back into the cup. However a new face gets generated, which looks like a sharp plane. I have tried deleting the face, and changing the sizes of the edge loops, but I am unable to get a clean handle merger. Adding a face by selecting 2 vertices on each side leads to similar problems.
Comment: First make sure you have no duplicate vertices -Select your whole mesh in edit mode, then press M and select "by distance". Then recalculate your normals - also with the whole mesh selected in edit mode, select `mesh > normals > recalculate outside` from the menu at the top of the viewport.
Comment: if Christopher's answer does not help, please provide blend file, then we can give you a step by step explanation with your data.
Comment: I tried doing that, but all the cyclic edge loops were lost and I couldn't connect the two parts finally. I have undone the recalculating outside step and uploaded the blend file.
Answer:
While in edit mode, select all (A), then ⇧ ShiftN to recalculate normals.

Tested on your blend file, can confirm that this will fix your problem.
This is a very, very frequent problem with new modelers like myself. When in doubt, fix your normals!
Answer: You need to make the edge loop of the handle a face. In the tutorial, he grabs the two faces and then bridges the edge loops. Your model does not have a face at the end of the teacup handle.
You can fix this by selecting the four edges at the end of the handle (alt-click to select the loop), and press F to create a face.
Then, go into face select mode and select the two faces you want to bridge. Then press CTRL + E and select "Bridge Edge Loop".
Comment: Don't think this is it. My model has a face, I think an extra face. I deleted and started over, never knowing what it was. But I think I had one too many faces there somewhere, even though I tried deleting.

Bridge Edge Loops creates a Sharp Face


"The disk drive for /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 is not ready yet or not present" error at boot

Question: When i boot my computer . It shows a error in boot screen that "The disk drive for /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 is not ready yet or not present" but it starts normally if i leave it . I want to stop this error from showing up please help . I am using Ubuntu 12.04
Answer: Type into your terminal $ sudo gedit
Click the "open file" button
click "filesystem", or press folder up until you get to /
Double click the /etc folder and then scroll down to the "fstab" file and double click it
Find the line that says "UUID=[some number/letter sequence] /dev/mapper/cruptswap1" and then a bunch of other parameters and then put a hashtag (#) in front of it to "comment" it
The drive will no longer attempt to mount at boot though you can mount it manually through the "disks" application that you can access from the dash.


Open File Dialog causes a dll issue in WPF application

Question: I have a WPF Application Project in VS2012 using .Net framework 4.0.
My WPF application has some references to Managed C++ dlls.
I would like the user to be able to choose a file to open but when i call the OpenFileDialog before some function from a managed C++ dll I get a System.BadImageFormatException, but if i send a hard coded path instead of letting the user choose using the OpenFileDialog then the application works fine.
When i looked up the System.BadImageFormatException all i found was that this refers to format issues but i am running on a x64 bit machine and compiled everything including the c++ dll to x64 bit format and i still keep getting this exception.
Is there some known problem with the OpenFileDialog that i dont know about?
Here is an example of my code:
private void WorkingFunction()
{
    String filePath = @"C:\MyFile.txt";
    // Calling the managed c++ functions...
}

private void NotWorkingFunction()
{
    Microsoft.Win32.OpenFileDialog fileDialog = new Microsoft.Win32.OpenFileDialog();
    Nullable<bool> result = fileDialog.ShowDialog();
    if(result == true)
    {
        String filePath = fileDialog.FileName;
        // Calling the managed c++ functions...
    }
}

Answer: You can try to compile code in x86 expilicitly meaning you are going to run application in 32-bit mode.
Or else you can use the same class wrapped in Windows forms.
System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog

Comment: I cannot compile my application to x86 and when I tried to use System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog I had the same problem.


Using laptop's monitor as a HDMI screen

Question: I have a satellite TV decoder and a laptop. Is it possible to plug the decoder's HDMI into my laptop's HDMI plug and use it as a monitor somehow?
Edit: I have an Asus S550C but I don't know what kind of HDMI port I have on this.
Answer: Only if your laptop supports HDMI-input, which is highly unlikely. You would need to get a USB video-input dongle of some sort.
Answer: No.
Laptop displays are generally only wired to receive signals from the built in graphics system on your laptop. Additionally hdmi display ports on are unidirectional meaning that they are output only, they cannot receive a signal, they can only send signals.
--
Okay, apparently there are some laptops that do have HDMI input such as the Clevo 8100 and it sounds like they're more common than I thought. Check if you have an input port on your laptop, though if it is a cheaper laptop it is unlikely that you do.
Otherwise you may want to look into HDMI capture tools and hardware.
Googling for "HDMI record USB" shows an assortment of devices that would do the job.
Answer: This question has been going around for years, As it is "Highly" Uncommon to find a laptop with an HDMI Input, The answer to your question Is Yes if you have the correct Laptop. Or If you purchase A HDMI to VGA Adapter of Ebay, Amazon Or any other of the sort. If you own a Capture Card Such as Elgato, Dazzle and other. You would only need to get a Video Encoder to Bring up the Display. The hardware needed prices can be between 20-100 AUD
Comment: You might consider stop using the tag line "REG_EDIT Out" it really does not conform to the format we expect.
Comment: Please do not use signatures and tag lines, you get your name below every answer you post and can keep personal information and "shout outs" in your profile.

Using laptop's monitor as a HDMI screen


Unit testing database application with business logic performed in the UI

Question: I manage a rather large application (50k+ lines of code) by myself, and it manages some rather critical business actions. To describe the program simple, I would say it's a fancy UI with the ability to display and change data from the database, and it's managing around 1,000 rental units, and about 3k tenants and all the finances.
When I make changes, because it's so large of a code base, I sometimes break something somewhere else. I typically test it by going though the stuff I changed at the functional level (i.e. I run the program and work through the UI), but I can't test for every situation. That is why I want to get started with unit testing.
However, this isn't a true, three tier program with a database tier, a business tier, and a UI tier. A lot of the business logic is performed in the UI classes, and many things are done on events. To complicate things, everything is database driven, and I've not seen (so far) good suggestions on how to unit test database interactions.
How would be a good way to get started with unit testing for this application. Keep in mind. I've never done unit testing or TDD before. Should I rewrite it to remove the business logic from the UI classes (a lot of work)? Or is there a better way?
Comment: @Malfist: 50K+ lines of code is not large: it's medium at best. I wrote mostly by myself a 200KLOC+ app (without taking tests lines into account) and I consider it medium, not large :)
Answer: I would start by using some tool that would test the application through the UI.  There are a number of tools that can be used to create test scripts that simulate the user clicking through the application.
I would also suggest that you start adding unit tests as you add pieces of new functionality.  It is time consuming to create complete coverage once the appliction is developed, but if you do it incrementally then you distribute the effort.
We test database interactions by having a separate database that is used just for unit tests.  In that way we have a static and controllable dataset so that requests and responses can be guaranteed.  We then create c# code to simulate various scenarios.  We use nUnit for this.
Comment: +1 to the unit testing as you add functionality, but I think when adding new functionality, you should be opportunistically refactoring the old untested code and adding new tests for the refactored bits as you go. That can also provide an "entry point" for adding more tests as you go and incrementally improving your test coverage.
Answer: I'd highly recommend reading the article Working Effectively With Legacy Code. It describes a workable strategy for what you're trying to accomplish.
Answer: One option is this -- every time a bug comes up, write a test to help you find the bug and solve the problem.  Make it such that the test will pass when the bug is fixed.  Then, once the bug is resolved you have a tool that'll help you detect future changes that might impact the chunk of code you just fixed.  Over time your test coverage will improve, and you can run your ever-growing test suite any time you make a potentially far-reaching change.
Comment: This is always a good idea, but this won't help testing odd interactions that might be unexpected.
Answer: TDD implies that you build (and run) unit tests as you go along. For what you are trying to do - add unit tests after the fact - you may consider using something like Typemock (a commercial product).
Also, you may have built a system that does not lend itself to be unit tested, and in this case some (or a lot) of refactoring may be in order.
Answer: First, I would recommend reading a good book about unit testing, like The Art Of Unit Testing. In your case, it's a little late to perform Test Driven Development on your existing code, but if you want to write your unit tests around it, then here's what I would recommend:

Isolate the code you want to test into code libraries (if they're not already in libraries).
Write out the most common Use Case scenarios and translate them to an application that uses your code libraries.
Make sure your test program works as you expect it to.
Convert your test program into unit tests using a testing framework.
Get the green light. If not, then your unit tests are faulty (assuming your code libraries work) and you should do some debugging.
Increase the code and scenario coverage of your unit tests: What if you entered unexpected results?
Get the green light again. If the unit test fails, then it's likely that your code library does not support the extended scenario coverage, so it's refactoring time!

And for new code, I would suggest you try it using Test Driven Development.
Good luck (you'll need it!)
Answer: I'd recommend picking up the book Working Effectively with Legacy Code by Michael Feathers. This will show you many techniques for gradually increasing the test coverage in your codebase (and improving the design along the way).
Answer: Refactoring IS the better way. Even though the process is daunting you should definitely separate the presentation and business logic. You will not be able to write good unit tests against your biz logic until you make that separation. It's as simple as that.
In the refactoring process you will likely find bugs that you didn't even know existed and, by the end, be a much better programmer!
Also, once you refactor your code you'll notice that testing your db interactions will become much easier. You will be able write tests that perform actions like: "add new tenant" which will involve creating a mock tenant object and saving "him" to the db. For you next test you would write "GetTenant" and try and get that tenant that you just created from the db and into your in-memory representation... Then compare your first and second tenant to make sure all fields match values. Etc. etc.
Answer: I think it is always a good idea to separate your business logic from UI. There several benefits to this including easier unit testing and expandability. You might also want to refer to pattern based programming. Here is a link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_pattern_(computer_science) that will help you understand design patterns.
One thing you could do for now, is within your UI classes isolate all the business logic and different business bases functions and than within each UI constructor or page_load have unit test calls that test each of the business functions. For improved readability you could apply #region tag around the business functions.
For your long term benefit, you should study design patterns. Pick a pattern that suits your project needs and redo your project using the design pattern.
Comment: One design pattern is not going to fit an application this large, plus force-fitting a design patter where it isn't needed is considered an anti-pattern. Something novices do while they're still learning. Design patters are used in this application where needed.
Answer: It depends on the language you are using. But in general start with a simple testing class that uses some made up data(but still something 'real') to test your code with. Make it simulate what would happen in the app. If you are making a change in a particular part of the app write something that works before you change the code. Now since you have already written the code getting testing up is going to be quite a challenge when trying to test the entire app. I would suggest start small. But now as you write code, write unit testing first then write your code. You might also considering refactoring but I would weigh the costs of refactoring vs rewriting a little as you go unit testing along the way.
Answer: There's no better way to get started unit testing than to try it - it doesn't take long, it's fun and addictive. But only if you're working on testable code.
However, if you try to learn unit testing by fixing an application like the one you've described all at once, you'll probably get frustrated and discouraged - and there's a good chance you'll just think unit testing is a waste of time.
I recommend downloading a unit testing framework, such as NUnit or XUnit.Net.
Most of these frameworks have online documentation that provides a brief introduction, like the NUnit Quick Start. Read that, then choose a simple, self-contained class that:

Has few or no dependencies on other classes - at least not on complex classes.
Has some behavior: a simple container with a bunch of properties won't really show you much about unit testing.

Try writing some tests to get good coverage on that class, then compile and run the tests.
Once you get the hang of that, start looking for opportunities to refactor your existing code, especially when adding new features or fixing bugs. When those refactorings lead to classes that meet the criteria above, write some tests for them. Once you get used to it, you can start by writing tests.
Answer: I haven't tried adding test for legacy applications since it is really a difficult chore. If you are planning to move some of the business logic out of the UI and in a separate layer, You may add your initial Test units here(refactoring and TDD). Doing so will give you an introduction for creating unit test for your system. It is really a lot of work but I guess it is the best place to start. Since it is a database driven application, I suggest that you use some mocking tools and DBunit tools while creating your test to simulate the database related issues.


I was locked out of my company. Should I register a trademark and sue for infringement?

Question: I started a business with someone a few years ago and I came up with the name and logo. I had a dispute with my partner earlier and he locked me out of the domain panel, although I came up with the name. The company is registered but it is registered under his name alone. I read somewhere that I should trademark the name and sue for infringement, but I'm not sure if that would work because he controls the domain and already does business under my name. Is there anything I can do about this? All I have for evidence is chat logs and company registration files.
Comment: Get a good lawyer, who will either tell you that you messed up and there's nothing you can do, or advice you what to do.
Answer: Don't do this - the trademark (if it is a trademark) already exists and is owned by the business.
Just bring a case for your half of the business. Hire a lawyer first.
Answer: Register? What goods or services are you producing under that brand?
You generally cannot federally register a trademark that you are not actually using, under US law.  You cannot legally use the brand already owned by someone else, on similar goods or services, without their permission.
Attempting to register a brand for which you have no legal rights could be considered a felony, when you submit the "certification" that is untrue.  Because "another" entity is already using the brand, that company automatically owns the right to prevent you or anyone else from using or attempting to register a "confusingly similar" brand.
This would probably also prevent you from legally registering it in any state as well, although not all states have trademark functionaries who put a tremendous amount of effort into it.  If the brand happens to coincide with the company name (trade name rather than trademark), you're more likely to be administatively stymied, rather than having to wait to be sued.


Is it possible to disable new bluetooth connections for non-admin accounts(Windows 10)?

Question: I can disable bluetooth entirely, but I want the previously attached bluetooth keyboard & mouse to continue working, but the guest/non-admin users unable to pair new devices. I looked at stopping Bluetooth Support Service, but that looks like it will also stop currently paired devices from working.
Answer: You could try Bluetooth discoverability : Block option once you have configured with the desired device. When it configured it prevents


Can the Internet work without DNS?

Question: If we have an IP-based system of identifying nodes on the Internet why is there a need for DNS?
Comment: Because www.google.com is just a TAD easier to remember then 126.96.36.199?
Comment: I absolutely love that three of us immediately pinged Google in response to this question.
Comment: Sounds more like material for 22.214.171.124 erm... I mean serverfault.com. There, they can explain about how DNS names are easier to memorize, complain about the complexity of IPv6 and talk about how load balancing allows mapping one host name to X servers, how host headers work etc. etc. :-)
Comment: Before DNS was invented, people didn't memorize IP addresses -- they exchanged /etc/hosts files.
Comment: But, can the Internet work without www.google.com?
Comment: surprisingly, it is not a luxury
Comment: @Josh That is really just a primitive DNS though.
Comment: @Cruncher Not exactly. To quote [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System): *The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network*. Exchanging host files isn't the domain name system we have today.
Comment: @Josh I mean, strictly, sure. If you look outside the box though, it's not *that* different.
Answer: Although everybody else suggests that DNS is not necessary for the internet to work, I disagree. DNS is not necessary for an IP based network to work but for the Internet as we know it today it is absolutely necessary!!
Comment: +1. There is a HUGE number of name-based virtual hosts that will not work without DNS
Comment: Pls send me the latest copy of the Internet's host file.  Mine is missing a few sites.
Comment: +1 again :-) I wonder whether that's a bug (that I can up-vote again after migration)?
Comment: You could use host files :)
Comment: Yes, shared hosting would be dead
Answer: If I register a domain name with godaddy and don't like godaddy anymore I can go to another provider and keep my domain name.
The same thing isn't possible with IP addresses as IP addresses are alocated to specific companies and are nothing that you can take with you.
Comment: This; IP addresses are bound to network topology.
Answer: Not only does DNS map human-readable names to IP addresses, it also decouples the client from specific details of the network endpoint it wants to connect to.
That allows providers of services to implement high availability systems and change implementation details without impacting their clients.
Comment: Just wait for IPv6 Anycast http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anycast
Answer: Absolutely it could!  But you'd have a huge list of entries in /etc/hosts.
Seriously, though.  "the internet" (the system of machines which deliver content to a user) would continue to work fine.  "the web" (the collection of easy to find information transported over "the internet") would quickly break down because nobody (except the true geeks) would remember the IP Address to get to Google.
Comment: +1 for the differentiation between the internet and the web
Answer: Because I don't want to remember that Google is 220.127.116.11.
Answer: With DNS, one IP address can serve websites for multiple domains.  (At least if they are running HTTP/1.1.)  Without DNS, every website would basically require a dedicated IP address, and those would run out pretty fast.
Comment: ...and we're thankful for that indeed!  I remember having a quarter of an old Class C tied up just on one computer, hosting a bunch of simple static websites.  We were so happy when virtual hosting became available and we could collapse that down to a single IP!
Answer: You only need DNS to translate a domain name (e.g. www.google.com) into an IP (184.108.40.206). If everything is IP based, then you don't need DNS.
Answer: The difference between an IP and a DNS name is that the IP specifies the servers location, while the DNS name allows you to specify the service itself. The big win that you get by DNS isn't so much that an DNS name is easier to remember, but that you have an layer of abstraction between the service and its implementation. So the underlying implementation can change, the servers can move around without the user noticing it.
Could the Internet work without it? Not for long, as one of the first things to do would be to implement a DNS-like service to workaround all the trouble that a lack of DNS would produce. Without DNS hyperlinks to other webpages would for example break way to easily, so that the world wide web wouldn't be able to function properly.
In a sense DNS is a very basic form of a content addressesable network, in that you say what you want, but not how to get there. You say www.google.com, because you know google does search, but you don't know where on the earth the server is located you end up taking to in the end, all that is abstracted away from you thanks to DNS.
Answer: Everyone here seems to be forgetting that without DNS, memorizing IP addresses isn't the only option. ARPANET didn't have DNS, and that's where the hosts file originated. From Wikipedia:

The ARPANET, the predecessor to the
  Internet, had no distributed host name
  database, such as the modern Domain
  Name System for retrieving a host's
  network node address by using the
  host's name. Each network node
  maintained its own map of the network
  nodes that it needed to know about and
  assigned them names that were
  memorable to the user. [...] The small size of
  the ARPANET made the use of hosts
  files practical [...] however, the
  maintenance of the hosts file became a
  larger burden on system administrators
  [... and] the centralized and monolithic
  nature of host files eventually
  necessitated the creation of the
  distributed Domain Name System.
Comment: It's still a name mapping, just in a static file.
Answer: Same reason you can store names in your mobile phone to reference phone numbers :)
There's no requirement for it. Its pure luxury
Answer: Without any sort of DNS, Google could act as a 'sort of' DNS, letting people find websites (wheras today you'd go to xyz.com, in DNS-less world you'd go to 184.108.40.206 and google xyz, and it'd give you that way)
The internet would work. Is it an internet I want to be a part of? Hell no.
Answer: There are some cases where "The internet" does not need DNS - for example, if you're exclusively using protocols which don't require DNS (Most peer-to-peer file sharing programs, for example).
Also some private internets have no need for DNS (but most use www to some extent, which usually means they do have it anyway).
Answer: There may be some webservers that have multiple sites on them that share the same IP and port for traffic so that DNS is how the different sites are used.
Answer: Here is a good reason for keeping locators (IPs) and identifiers (domain names) separate: RFC 5887. If you merge two companies and need their networks to become one, you'd better hope their networks were configured using identifiers and not locators.
Answer: Yes, the Internet "works" without DNS. IP packets are routed based on IP addresses and subnet mask. The various routers between the source and destination do not care about human readable aliases.
However, for humans, "www.google.com" is a lot easier to remember than "22.214.171.124" for the same reason that "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway" is easier to remember than "37.423156,-122.084917". In both cases the same information is being conveyed, but also in both cases one is significantly easier to remember. For humans, anyway.
Answer: The internet itself, at a low level? Certainly - the entire point of an ip address, and the entire IP stack is to help route packets from one place to another with the help of other protocols, none of which rely on the domain name system.
On the other hand, the DNS system allows for a few nice things - firstly, that it allows for human friendly ways to find a host. Secondly, for protocols that are aware of DNS like HTTP, you can choose what content to send based on the intended destination (for example, virtualhosts), which allow for more efficient use of available resources, as well as make use of things like multicasting, geographical routing to nearer servers and other fancy things that make life easier.
Will the internet 'work' without DNS? Absolutely. Will it be an utter pain? Probably - and if DNS broke tommorrow, a lot of services on the internet would be broken.
Answer: No. The Stack Exchange network can't work without DNS.
To prove it, let's find out the IP of stackoverflow.com:
$ host stackoverflow.com
stackoverflow.com has address 22.214.171.124

Go to that in your browser and you will get an error page saying:

Couldn't find 184.108.40.206
The Q&A site 18.104.22.168 doesn't seem to exist…yet.

(I'm sorry I can't link to it, Stack Exchange won't let me input a link to an IP.
This is what you get if you go to a Stack Exchange site that doesn't exist, like hsdkgujahr.stackexchange.com, except it says "The Q&A site hsdkgujahr.stackexchange.com doesn't seem to exist…yet."
Now let's check the IP of superuser.com:
$ host superuser.com
superuser.com has address 220.127.116.11

Notice that the IP addresses are exactly the same. In fact, if you do a DNS lookup for any Stack Exchange site, you get the same IP.
If a single IP is mapped to multiple websites, how does the server know which website?
The answer is that the HTTP header Host is being sent to the server with the request, and it contains the fully qualified DNS name of the server.
So, without DNS, you can't get to your favorite Stack Exchange sites (or SourceForge project sites, they work the same way).
Comment: -1: Disable your DNS server, add `188.8.131.52 stackoverflow.com` to your Hosts file, and then try going to http://stackoverflow.com/ and you'll find it works even though you've just disabled DNS. Practical? No way. But the internet *can* function without DNS. You just won't be able to get the IP for various sites.

Can the Internet work without DNS?


What if a player plays the ball with back surface of the bat?

Question: If a player hits the ball with the back surface of the bat, is he given out, considering that the back of the bat is not flat? I have seen Kevin Pietersen play the switch hit, but he turns his bat around while doing it.
Comment: Why do you think they might possibly be out? What means of dismissal would this be?
Comment: Actually its a childhood rule if the player hits the ball from other side he is considered as out.We used to have this rule in our childhood :) may be OP thought the same will be followed in international level @PhilipKendall
Answer: From Law 6 (The bat):

The bat

The bat consists of two parts, a handle and a blade.

The law considers the entire bat, consisting of the handle and the blade, as one entity, and doesn't treat the front surface any different from the rest of it. You could hit the ball with the back surface or even the handle, it would be treated as a contact with the bat. Hence, the batsman would get credit for any runs scored. If a catch is cleanly taken, he would be out. Likewise, this also counts as a bat contact for other laws, such as leg before wicket.
Additionally, a hand or a glove holding the bat, as well as the handle grip, permitted advertising labels, coverings, etc. attached to the bat are also treated as "bat", in the context of contact with the ball.

Contact with the ball

In these Laws,
(a) reference to the bat shall imply that the bat is held in the
batsman's hand or a glove worn on his hand, unless stated otherwise.
(b) contact between the ball and either (i) the bat itself
or (ii) the batsman's hand holding the bat
or (iii) any part of a glove worn on the batsman's hand holding the
bat
or (iv) any additional materials permitted under 3, 5 or 6 above shall
be regarded as the ball striking or touching the bat or being struck
by the bat.

Kevin Pietersen (or any other batsman) turns the bat while playing the switch hit because it would be nearly impossible to play the shot correctly with the bent back surface of the bat.


May I delete my internships and short contract works from my CV to avoid the Employment Reference Letter for Canadian Work permit application?

Question: I'm applying for a work visa for as a graduate student in Computer Science for a research project in Canada. They ask several documents two of them are difficult to get :

Document: Employment Reference Letter
You must provide an employment reference letter (an up-to-date
  reference from current or past employers). If you have had more than
  two employers in the last two years, please provide a letter from both
  employers.
Reference letters must be written on company letterhead, show the
  company's full address and telephone and fax numbers, and be stamped
  with the company's official seal.
The letter should include all of the following information:

the specific period of your employment with the company
the positions you held during the period of employment and the time spent    in each position
full details of your main responsibilities in    each position
your total annual salary plus benefits
the signature of your immediate supervisor or the personnel officer at    the company
a business card of the person signing

I only worked during summers as intern. It has been a year since I quited my last internship and two since I was a contract employee. I only worked three months in each case. One was a contract based work and the other was an internship. This seems quite difficult to pop in, say "hi" and ask them for it ... Can I delete them my CV on the principle that it is internships?
They later ask for the following :

Document: Employment Records :
You must provide proof of work experience
  for your current job and for each past position you listed. Proof must
  include a reference letter from your employer and pay stubs, if you
  have them. The reference letter must:

be an official document printed on company letterhead
       include your name, the company's contact information (address, telephone number and e-mail address), the signature of your immediate
       show all positions held while employed at the company
       include these details: job title, duties/responsibilities, job status (if current job), the dates you worked for the company, the
    number of work hours per week and your annual salary plus benefits.

You must scan all documents for this period of employment and save
  them as one file. (You must create a separate file for each period of
  employment.)

And then again in the Imm1295 E document
The problem is that it is mandatory to fill these fields, yet I an about-to-be graduated student and it would facilitate my life not to have to ask my former tutors for these documents. The question that would arise, which is linked with my former question, would be : what should I fill in ?
Answer: To answer the question in your title: No.  You can't lie on your CV to save you having to gather documentation.
You might get away with it, but if you get caught you will definitely be turned down for your visa.
I suggest writing to your former employers, with some proposed text for them to copy and paste and print out on a company letterhead.  Unless you left on really bad terms, they should be happy to do that.


Is there any option to build a single java file in the project

Question: I am doing my project in struts2 and hibernate. My project is little bit long and my problem is when done a small change in java file i have to clean and built the entire project and it is taking very long time to run the project. Is there any option to create the java class for the files that i have changed only, i am using netbeans editor as editor.
Comment: why should you clean and build ? Netbeans automatically compiles the modified class.
Comment: do you compile using the command line (javac) or a build tool?
Answer: There is an option called compile on save in the project properties.The modified classes are automatically compiled by netbeans.
Comment: I have already check this option but the change is not shown when i edit the java file
Answer: By default Netbeans is going to use its compile on save mode, as mentioned in this other answer. Everytime you modify and save a file, it automatically tries to compile it (as well as required dependencies if any).
While this mode is active, you have no per-file control on compilation and very little control over project compilation either. Your only option is Run -> Clean & Build which deletes any auto-compiled class, compiles everything again and builds a JAR out of your project.
As such, to control single-file compilation, you first need to uncheck the Compile on Save option in the Build/Compiling section of your project properties (right click on project in Projects tab, click on Properties). Once done, you get a new option in the Run menu: Compile File (associated to F9 by default). Of course, it also means you will now need to manually launch builds through the Run menu whenever it is necessary.
Answer: You could also use "Debug / Apply Code changes" as long as your class-structure is not modified.
Answer: Just right click the file in project explorer, and choose Run File
mac OSX: shift + F6 + (fn)


If a body is lying on a frictionless surface, and we give it an impulse, will it start rotating about its center of mass?

Question: If not, about what point will it rotate? If we want to know about what point an object will rotate in questions like these, how do we figure it out?
Answer: It depends: if you give it an impulse aligned with the center of mass, then it will not rotate
However, if the impulse is not aligned (which is what always happens, because impulses are never fine enough), then it will also rotate
It will rotate about the center of mass, of course, because we always like to describe rotations around that point.
However, you can also choose another point. If a body rotates, it rotates about any point. The "rotation" will be non uniform and more complex if you choose a point different to the center of mass.
So in su the movement will be a global traslation plus a rotation about the CoM.
The concrete movement can be derived using equations: Newton's Laws of motion, moment of impulse for angular momentum and so on.
Answer: Consider the free body diagram:

Just one force $F$ acts on the body.
To work out whether the object will translate or not, apply $\text{N2L}$, in both $x$ and $y$ directions:
$$F_x=-F\cos\theta=ma_x$$
$$F_y=F\sin\theta=ma_y$$
So there's acceleration ($a$) in both senses.
There's also torque $\tau$ about the CoG, if $\delta$ is the perpendicular distance between the force line and the CoG, then:
$$\tau=-F\delta=I\alpha$$
where $I$ is the moment of inertia about the CoG and $\alpha$ the angular acceleration $\frac{\text{d}\omega}{\text{d}t}$. So here there would be counter-clockwise rotation.
For the more general case where there are more than one force acting, the net forces $\Sigma F_x$ and $\Sigma F_y$ and the net torque need to be determined to apply $\text{N2L}$.


How do you deal with personal information during usability testing?

Question: I'm wondering what do other UX professionals do when they need to see personal information for a test? Like home address or salary? Especially if conducted at the company you work for?
Comment: Do they need to see the personal information?
Answer: First and foremost, make sure that you are following any legal requirements and corporate policies about the handling of personal data for both your location and your participants' location.  Be especially careful about legal requirements for the handling of personal information if your country and the country(-ies) of your participants differ.  Depending on what your usability study is about, there might be different levels of requirements for different types of personal information.  For example, financial or medical information might need a higher level of security and privacy than simple demographic data like name or address.  How you handle the disclosure of personal information should be part of the non-disclosure agreement that your participants sign to participate in your research.  If the information that you might discuss is particularly sensitive, you should verbally confirm how you handle that information with your participants.
Second, make sure that you conduct yourself with the highest level of ethical behavior with personal information.  If possible, create your test plan and test script such that you reduce the possibility that you will be exposed to personal information.  If you must be exposed to personal information during the course of your research, or if the user spontaneously shares personal information, be clear what will happen with the personal information and that you will protect their privacy.  For example, if a user shares their salary spontaneously and you are recording the session, you should remove or obfuscate that part of the recording so that no one else will be exposed to that personal information.  If you have a legal or policy obligation as a result of being spontaneously exposed to that personal information, disclose that and what the obligation is.
When you are creating your research plan, make the determination of whether you need to see real user data or realisitic user data.  If you can use realistic data, make it as realistic as possible.  Use realistic names (go for something better than John Doe or Jane Smith) and data (fully populate lists, use unique values instead of repeated values, etc).  Likewise, if any of your tasks are about data creation or manipulation, make those tasks as realistic as possible to continue the realism that you have started with the realistic pre-populated information.
If you do need to be exposed to personal information, clearly identify what steps you will take to protect that information, and make sure that this is clearly communicated to anyone participating in or observing the research.  You might be able to record the session if you commit to removing or obfuscating any personal information that is shared, which can be very time-consuming.  If you create any artifacts during your research session, safeguard them carefully until you can either either destroy the artifacts or redact them to hide the personal information.
You might have to limit participation or observation in research sessions where personal information might be disclosed.  If you do have additional participants or observers, discuss how to handle that personal information part of your debriefing discussion immediately after the session has ended.  If you are pressed for time, you might need to simply say, "that participant told us [something] that is personal, please do not discuss that personal information with anyone else".
At some point when conducting research, a participant is going to share personal information with you.  Be thoughtful when it happens, and ensure that you do everything that you can to protect that information.
Answer: For the some of the solutions I design, we created quite a few "dummy" accounts for use in our usability tests. On some solution it is not possible to do this, so in those situation we will ask test participants to sign a NDA (Non Disclosure Agreement).
I design enterprise software for banks so some of our tests are performed on-site in the bank, and if there is sensitive data, we are not allowed to make video recordings or photos of the screen, which can present challenges. In those situations we need to be very careful with camera placement if we need to record any video. However you can still make video recordings of other things, e.g. participants face and mouse/keyboard, plus we can capture audio recordings.


Please help me understand how this cmos mirror adder works

Question:
I can understand the left adder circuit but the right one has both the nmos and pmos network exactly same. I have learnt that the pmos and nmos are dual networks of each other. How does one arrive at the right hand circuit schematic in that case?
Comment: just to prove to yourself that they both work you can always plug in a few test values for a,b,ci in both cases ... see if they match.  The reduction is arrived at by using separate equations for the pullup (PMOS) and pulldown (NMOS) networks.  You are correct they are no longer duals of one another.
Comment: In that case does this no longer represent a conventional CMOS network? something they arrived at by hit and trial or a special case for this logic or are there any reduction procedures while designing CMOS?
Answer: There are two issues here.  First of all, many truth tables can be achieved via multiple combinations of logic functions.  Consider the function not ((A and B) or (B and C) or (A and C)).  That function will be true and false in the same cases as not ((A or B) and (B or C) and (A or C)), but the former includes a three-term and and the latter includes a three-term or.  Consequently, one form may be more efficiently used when evaluating the high-side network and the other may be more efficiently used when evaluating the low-side network.  As an interesting side note, the two functions are duals of each other, but their equivalence makes each function also the dual of itself.
The other issue at work here is that many circuits can be simplified if one moves "inverting bubbles" from outputs to inputs.  Circuitry for any non-trivial function whose input is true when all of the inputs is true, or false when all of all of the inputs are false will require at least two logic stages unless it is allowed to feed current from the input and output [a "function" which always outputs high or always outputs low would, of course, not need any logic stages].  Consequently, it may be often easier to compute the inverse of a desired function than the function itself.  If whatever is going to use the output of the function could be designed just as well to use accept either the inverted or non-inverted form, making the downstream stage accept the cheaper form may save cost.
It may be more helpful to look not at a single bit adder, but instead at a two-bit adder.  If the carry generator for a single bit needs to accept an active-high carry in and needs to generate an active-high carry out, there will need to be two logic stages between the carry in and carry out.  If the function can accepts an active-high carry in and produce an active-low carry out, however, it can be realized in one stage.  Having the function produce an active-low carry out will require modifying the next stage, however.  The trick is to realize that (1) if all the data inputs and outputs of the next stage are inverted, then it will naturally accept an active-low carry in, and can cheaply produce an active-high carry out; (2) in many cases, ALU inputs and outputs will come from or be sent to latching circuits; (3) in many cases, latching circuits can provide both inverted and non-inverted outputs at essentially no extra charge, which implies that they can accept inverted or non-inverted inputs at no extra charge.
Essentially what happens is that rather than needing to have each stage include an inverters so that its inputs and outputs have the same logic polarity, inversions get shifted around so that the inputs and outputs associated with alternate bits have reversed polarity.  If one needed to have an ALU with non-inverted inputs and outputs, the need to add inverters to some inputs and outputs would counteract the savings realized earlier (though eliminating an inversion stage from the carry chain would still reduce propagation delays).  The fact that adders are used in many contexts where inversions are available "for free", however, allows those inverters to be eliminated entirely.
Comment: The dual of the function is itself... that definitely clears it up thanks! I searched for this all over the internet.


Difference in VLSM and FLSM in Rute Summarisation

Question: Is there any specific advantage that VLSM or FLSM has over the other when it comes to route summarization? I was of the opinion that neither had an advantage over the other when it came to route summarization, but I just wanted to confirm.
It's easier for us (humans) to do subnetting via FLSM but a router doesn't care does it?
Comment: If you mean classful routing by FLSM, then that has been deprecated for over 20 years. All modern network equipment now uses VLSM.
Comment: Okay but that's due to the flexibility it provides us in dividing the subnet right? Is there any advantage when it comes to router and route summarization?
Comment: In the real world, what we deal with here, everybody uses VLSM. If anybody asks you about classful routing, that was deprecated over 20 years ago, and it is no longer used.
Answer: Danis, you have the right idea. To answer the question what is the diffrence ...  FLSM can be thought of like address summarization that can't be taken apart. FLSM can be efficient at routing because it doesn't even need the whole IP to do its routing but it is an inefficient use of ip addresses since it reserves the whole block for 1 subnet only. The FLSM is usually a string of binary digits shown over the subnet number, telling the router which parts of the subnet number to look at. A binary "1" over a particular digit in the subnet number says "Pay attention to this digit." A "0" says "Ignore this digit." Allowing it to not focus on the whole IP are. Reference click here
VLSM summerization is efficient also when you do route summarization by combining subnet, but allows the addresses to be broken into classless (not forced to class A, B or C) subnets.


Why doesn't amplitude affect the speed of sound?

Question: I understand why amplitude doesn't affect the speed of the sound AFTER the 'leading compression'. The extra force provided on one stage of the cycle is countered on the other stage. But shouldn't the 'leading compression' travel faster if amplitude is greater? Because wave motion hasn't been set up yet shouldn't all compressions face the same amount of resistance while moving forward?
Comment: The acoustic wave equation is linear, so amplitude does not matter in determining the speed of wave propagation. However, implicit in its derivation is that the material response is linear, which is only valid for small compressions. So it's probably true that amplitude *does* affect the speed of sound at sufficiently high intensities, although I don't know how high it has to be to break the linearity assumption.
Comment: Possibly-related question: to what extent (if any) does the speed of a nonlinear shock wave—a thunderclap, a sonic boom, a high-energy explosive blast—depend on its amplitude?
Comment: Dumpster Doofus so for small compressions the speed at which the pressure difference evens out is constant? Is there an intuitive way to understand this rather than using the wave equation? Thanks.
Answer: The phase speed of a sound wave is dependent on the wave amplitude.  This is how and why a sound wave can steepen into a shock wave.  In fact, without dissipation, even the sound waves produced from talking would steepen uncontrollably to a point similar to a shock, but would break before forming a shock (since dissipation is required to initiate shock formation).
In the stationary frame of the wave, a compressional wave increases the fluid speed, which allows a trailing wave to catch a leading wave.  If you think of a compressional wave pulse as a series of finite steps of increasing pressure, then each trailing step is at a higher pressure than the corresponding adjacent leading step.  If there is no energy dissipation, then the trailing waves will not only catch up to the leading waves, they can overtake them leading to a gradient catastrophe or wave breaking.
Mathematical Justification
The phase speed of a sound wave is given by:
$$
C_{s}^{2} = \frac{ \partial P }{ \partial \rho } = \partial_{\rho} \ P
$$
where P = pressure and $\rho$ = mass density.  If we assume an adiabatic equation of state (i.e., P $\propto$ $\rho^{\gamma}$), then we see that:
$$
C_{s} = \sqrt{ \frac{ \partial P }{ \partial \rho } } = \left\{ P_{o} \gamma \rho^{\gamma - 1} \frac{ \partial \rho }{ \partial \rho } \right\}^{1/2} \\
= \left\{ \frac{ \gamma P_{o} \rho^{\gamma} }{ \rho } \right\}^{1/2} = \left\{ \frac{ \gamma P(\rho) }{ \rho } \right\}^{1/2}
$$
One can see that the $C_{s}$ is dependent upon the density/pressure and we know that sound waves are longitudinal (and compressive) oscillations in density/pressure.  Since $\gamma$ $\geq$ 1, one can show that $C_{s}^{2}$ scales with density and pressure.  Thus, higher pressure/density corresponds to higher sound speeds.


Always use mono-space font for Chrome input fields

Question: Is there a way to force Google Chrome to always use a mono-spaced font for input fields, no matter what an arbitrary site's (broken) style sheet tells Chrome?
Answer: nb: this answer is now redundant as Chrome has removed support for user style sheets. I'd suggest dear reader to refer to the other answer, although I haven't tested it myself.
You could add a rule along the lines of
textarea { font-family: monospace !important; }

to your user stylesheet.
I found this post explaining where to find that file on common operating systems:

For Chrome, you need to find the Custom.css file. On Windows
  Vista/7/2008, it is located at the following (replace
  with, ahem, your user id):
C:\Users\<your-userid>\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\User StyleSheets\

[Presumably on Windows XP it will be under C:\Documents and
  Settings\ in a similar location.]
For Mac OS X, it is at:
~/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome/Default/User StyleSheets/

On Ubuntu Linux it is found here:
~/.config/google-chrome/Default/User StyleSheets

Comment: Support for user style sheets in Chrome [was removed](https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=347016).
Answer: You can use the Stylish add-on (for Firefox or Chrome), which enables you to specify custom CSS stylesheets for any website.
To make all pages use monospace fonts:

Install Stylish
Click the Stylish icon
Click "Create New Style"
Paste the code textarea { font-family: monospace !important; }
At the bottom of the screen, set to which URLs it should apply
Click "Save" on the left

If you want a global style that applies to all websites, you should include the code
/* i really want this to be global */

in your stylesheet, per the Stylish help.
Answer: The previous solutions are no longer valid; user style sheet support was removed from Chrome, and Stylish is no longer available. There is a new extension which can be used:
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/stylus/clngdbkpkpeebahjckkjfobafhncgmne/related
Seems to work similarly to Stylish.


Best Software to purchase

Question: I want to create some signs on canvas that have varying words in them for several gifts; different sizes, vertical, horizontal.  Ideally, I want to be able to change the words within the text box and then the words would automatically adjust (if one word is five letters and the replacement word is eight letters) so that I don't have to keep going back and resizing, et cetera.  I don't want to spend a lot of money on the program if possible.  Any help is greatly appreciated.  Thanks so much!
Comment: What have you looked into?
Comment: Download [Inkscape](http://www.inkscape.org/en/) - It uses vectors and it's free
Comment: You could just ask on http://reddit.com/r/photoshoprequest if someone is going to do this for you for free
Answer: Here is a completely different take on it:
you could simply use an online print-on-demand service, (such as zazzle or cafépress). The fitting would solve itself, and you might get a lot more flexibility on stuff you can print on and solutions for images, photos etc.
Answer: Found this the other day - Wordle
is an algorithmic toy for generating "word clouds" from text that you provide without the need for propitiatory software. The clouds give greater prominence to words that appear more frequently in the source text. You can tweak your clouds with different fonts, layouts, and color schemes and scroll through more randomly generated outputs until you are happy with the result. The images you create with Wordle are yours and so you can print them out and create gift from them if you wanted.
Comment: Hi Mark, could you please explain a bit more what we'll find behind the link you provide and why it answers the quesion? That way, your answer is still of value in case the link breaks at a later time. Link rot is the main reason we really dislike link-only answers here. Thanks for your effort and keep contributing!

Best Software to purchase


Is it possible to enable key repeat for letter keys on the Apple Smart Keyboard for iPad Pro?

Question: The key repeat options in iOS Keyboard settings seem to work for the navigation keys (arrows, backspace, etc) but not for the letter keys. When I hold down a letter key, it does not repeat. Is it possible to change this behavior to allow all keys to repeat like on a regular desktop keyboard?
Answer: As far as I can tell this isn't possible, which is a shame. I was trying to use my iPad with remote desktop where I need to hold down keys and it just doesn't work. It seems this is a "feature" of iOS that only certain keys like space and delete are allowed to repeat. Here are some links about it that I found.
https://discussions.apple.com/message/34220222#34220222
https://support-splashtoppersonal.splashtop.com/hc/en-us/articles/230005527-Does-Splashtop-support-Bluetooth-keyboards-


c# When should I use List and when should I use arraylist?

Question: As the title says when should I use List and when should I use ArrayList?
Thanks
Answer: The main time to use ArrayList is in .NET 1.1
Other than that, List<T> all the way (for your local T)...
For those (rare) cases where you don't know the type up-front (and can't use generics), even List<object> is more helpful than ArrayList (IMO).
Comment: See [JohnIdol's answer](http://stackoverflow.com/a/725475/33311) which explains the *why* in a few more words.
Answer: You should always use List<TypeOfChoice> (introduced in .NET 2.0 with generics) since it is TypeSafe and faster than ArrayList (no un-necessary boxing/unboxing).
Only case I could think of where an ArrayList could be handy is if you need to interface with old stuff (.NET 1.1) or you need an array of objects of different type and you load up everything as object - but you could do the latter with List<Object> which is generally better.
Answer: Since List is a generic class, I would tend to always use List.
ArrayList is a .NET 1.x class (still available & valid though), but it is not 'typed'/generic, so you'll need to cast items from 'object' back to the desired type; whereas when using List, you don't have to do that.
Answer: Use List where ever possible. I can't see any use to ArrayList when high performing List exists.
Answer: ArrayList is an older .NET data structure. If you are using .NET 2.0 or above always use List when the array needs to hold items of the same type. Usage of List over ArrayList improves both performance and usability.
Answer: As other said. You should use the List generic, almost always when you know the type (C# is a strong-typed language), and other ways when u do polymorphic/inhertance classes or other stuff like that.
Answer: If you dont want to use Linq Queries, then you dont need to use List. If you want to use then you must prefer List.
Answer: Generics was introduced in .Net 2.0.If you are using earlier versions of .Net ,then you can use the Array List else we can go with the Generic List itself. Array List is the deprecated one and won't provide better type safety and also create boxing and unboxing problems.But Generic List won't.


Can I have a desktop shortcut for Google Calendar?

Question: My Ubuntu 18.04 laptop has a desktop shortcut link that opens my Google Calendar. Someone else set it up for me; I don't know how they did it. I installed Ubuntu 20.04 on my desktop computer and would like it there too. I can't find how to do it. I've had suggestions on how to sync entries with GNOME Calendar, but that's not the same. Is there that much difference between Bionic and Focal, or did I receive especially advanced help three years ago setting up my laptop?
Comment: possible duplicate of https://askubuntu.com/questions/359492/create-a-shortcut-for-url
Comment: but i'm still gonna write an answer :)
Answer: You most certainly can ... though the method is not exactly the most intuitive.
Here's how to do it with Firefox:

Click on the icon to the immediate left of the URL you want to open. This will probably be a lock as Google Calendar uses SSL:

Drag that lock over to the desktop and let go. This will give you an ugly icon:

Note: If the ugly icon is "good enough", there's nothing more you need to do. Double-clicking the icon will open your preferred browser to the page that you have specified.

To make the icon less of an eye-sore, right click the item and choose "Properties"

Change the name to something you would prefer, and set an image if you have one that you'd like to see:

Note: You'll see the name on the desktop change as you change the name, but the icon will not update to the one you've specified. This is in the next step.

Click the "Permissions" tab, and check "Allow executing file as program":

Enjoy your desktop shortcut:

That's all there is to it.
Comment: There's no lock icon. Clicking anywhere on that bar drags the whole URL, but it won't drop. I tried to copy and paste the URL to an empty folder I created on the desktop, and when I opened it, it was in a different format
Comment: Vanadium indicates anyone with basic computer skills should be able to implement these answers. I've spent hundreds of hours trying to learn basic computing, and still can't understand instructions. ("It will be easier to just copy the Firefox launcher (or any browser you user for Calendar) and edit that one.") How do I do that?
Comment: I created an empty folder on the desktop, and pasted the URL there. When I opened it, it was in another format. I created a new file there and tried to drag and drop the URL. I was told it was an invalid drag and drop action.
Answer: I found an old askubuntu quistion with you answer :) You can create an HTML page on your desktop that refreshes to any website. The code you will need for AskUbuntu is:

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=https://askubuntu.com" />

Source: Create a shortcut for URL?
Answer: Option 1: Application launcher
Application launchers in Linux are .desktop text files. Unfortunatelly, graphical tools to create them are not anymore readily available. Since these are text files, you can easily create your own, however.
In this case, you easily can just modify an existing launcher forethe browser you use. Assuming you use the default browser Firefox, then copy the file firefox.desktop in the system folder /usr/share/applications/ (Look under "Other locations", "Computer" to find the folder usr then navigate down to share and next applications) to the folder .local/share/applications under your home directory. (.local is a hidden folder in your home folder. Enable the display of hidden files to see them).
Open the file in your text editor, and find the line
Exec=firefox %u

Replace %u by the URI of your calendar (i.e., while in your calendar, copy the URI that is displayed in the address bar of your browser), e.g.
Exec=firefox https://calendar.google.com/calendar/r?pli=1

If you wish a different icon, you can change the line Icon=firefox, where you replace firefox by the file path of your own icon, e.g. Icon=/home/<yourlogin>/Pictures/calendar.svg, where you change  by your own login name , and Pictures/calendar.svg by the actual path and file name of your custom icon file.
Advanced tip: starter that switches to calendar if it is already running
You can create a .desktop launcher on your desktop to start or switch to Google Calendar. Create a file google-calendar.desktop with following content
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Google Calendar
GenericName=Calendar
Keywords=Mail;Email
Exec=jumpapp -t "Google Calendar" firefox "https://calendar.google.com/calendar/r?pli=1"
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=google-calendar
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Network;WebBrowser;

You could simply have an Exec= line that reads like:
Exec=firefox "https://calendar.google.com/calendar/r?pli=1"

That would directly call Firefox and open a window with your calendar. Next time you click the launcher, it would launch a new window. I use jumpapp (https://github.com/mkropat/jumpapp), a bash script that actually relies on wmctrl:
Exec=jumpapp -t "Google Calendar" firefox "https://calendar.google.com/calendar/r?pli=1"

This causes the launcher to first look if Calendar is already open. If it is open, it switches to the running instance. Else, it opens a new instance.
Option 2 - URL launcher
Another option is to use an URL launcher instead. This is also a .desktop file. Depending on the Ubuntu version you have, these may easily be created by dragging the URL bar to the desktop. See the answer of matigo for detailed instructions.
Bonus tips

In addition to placing that .desktop file on your desktop, you can place it in your  ~/.local/share/applications folder. This way, it will be included in the application overview, from where you could pin it to the dock.
In addition, you could assign a shortcut key. I launch or switch to Google Calendar using the shortcut key Super+L (where I disable the default binding, to lock the screen, first). To launch a .desktop file through a command, install dex from the Ubuntu software repositories (sudo apt install dex). The command for the shortcutkey is then dex /home/<yourlogin>/.local/share/applications/google-calendar.desktop. (replace ` by your user name).
Comment: I am unfamiliar with command lines. After many attempts to follow the instructions, with various explanations given for the failures (no such file or folder found, possible broken packages, process possibly already running somewhere else, and other things I don't understand), I was prompted to write the command:   "sudo apt install google-calendar.desktop"    This resulted in:     "Waiting for cache lock: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend. It is held by process 8580 (synaptic)..."   After the waiting counting into the thousands of seconds, I'm thinking it;s not going to unlock.
Comment: Opening basic text files, copying and pasting text in it, saving it to a location in your home directory bears little relation with "command lines", and is a basic computer skill. My answer, though, is not the most simple approach. It will be easier to just copy the Firefox launcher (or any browser you user for Calendar) and edit that one. I will add that as the first part, but leave the others for the benefit of slightly more advanced users.


Can't save Apache httpd.conf file

Question: I'm trying to edit the httpd.conf file so I can use django on my Apache server, but I get an error message saying, "Please check if this file is opened in another program," when I try to save the changes.  The server is not running while I try to save.  I'm using The BitNami DjangoStack package.  Where else could this file be being used?
Comment: How are you trying to open the file? vim? notepad ++ ? And which OS ?
Answer: It seems like you are using Windows stack. You can solve this by running your editor program as Administrator.
Please have a look at following related questions
1. Unable to edit and save a file on remote machine using notepad++
2. Notepad++ "Check if file is open in another program" No other program open
If using Linux, then you can open httpd.conf as root user or by using sudo command.
Answer: That's the error message you get when you try to save in Notepad++ when you do not have permission to save it. (In Notepad, the message will be "You do not have permission to save in this location. Contact the administrator to obtain permission."
You need to right click the Notepad(++) application link (the desktop icon or start menu item) and choose "Run as administrator".

Can't save Apache httpd.conf file


Bulk File Editing

Question: I am looking for a program that searches all the files in a folder and changes the matching words.
It would be better if it contained Regex.
Comment: Welcome aboard. I posted an answer, and I am sure that it is what you are looking for, ***BUT*** I had to do some mind-reading, because you did not tell us  which operating system you use (I gave you a cross-platform Java app). Also, if you are willing to pay, please state a budget, otherwise use the [tag:gratis] tag. The more information that you give us, the better we can help you. Please read [ask]. And, once again, welcome aboard :-)
Comment: @Mawg I apologize for not giving enough information. The program you're talking about is exactly what I want. There is free, cross-platform and has interface. I will be more explanatory in my next questions. Thanks for everything.
Comment: on *nix systems there are already sed/awk... Do you want a command line or GUI tool?
Comment: From your comment below, it sounds like you should also have specified Turkish language (or Unicode) support in the question. See how the more details you give, the better answer you get? :-)   Anyway, welcome, and I am glad that you got what you wanted.  Let's hope that we can help you more, and that you can help others too.
Answer: You are looking for FAR - Find And Replace

Search and replace operations on file content across [sic] multiple files.
  Recursive operations within entire directory trees. FAR comes with
  support for regular expressions (regex) over multiple lines, automatic
  backup and various character encodings. Run grep like extractions to
  condense or rearrange sources, or perform bulk file renaming.
Features
   •Recursive search
   •Regular expressions over multiple lines
   •Simultaneous replacement operations on multiple files
   •View matches,
  preview changes
Comment: I found the [Find And Replace program](http://findandreplace.io/) and it works well.
Comment: oops, the program does not support Turkish characters.

Bulk File Editing


Is data table better or a card?

Question: in a mobile responsive website is using a table with 9 columns a better idea or a card would suffice?
I have tried using a compact table to make it responsive for mobile but. it just didn't work.
Answer: You can use one of the next solutions:

Card-based layout: Organize the information into cards that stack vertically on mobile screens. Each card can represent a single row of data, with the relevant information arranged in a more mobile-friendly manner. This approach can make the content more easily readable and accessible on smaller screens.

Responsive table with horizontal scrolling: If it's essential to keep the table format, you can implement a responsive table with horizontal scrolling for mobile devices. Users can scroll horizontally to view all columns, but this approach may not provide the best user experience, as horizontal scrolling can be less intuitive and more cumbersome.

Priority-based columns: Determine the most critical columns and display only those on mobile devices, hiding less important ones. You can use the "priority" attribute in your HTML to designate which columns should be visible at different screen sizes. This approach can help maintain a cleaner layout on mobile screens while still providing essential information.

Use tabs or accordions: Organize the data into tabs or accordion sections, breaking the information into smaller, more digestible pieces. Users can navigate between tabs or expand accordion sections to access the relevant data.

Below you can find some examples.
Comment: thank you, its really helpful

Is data table better or a card?


Rockbottom rank newbie question about the Blender UI (Blender 2.9.0, on a Mac)

Question: Since this is the only forum accessible to me, here's the question: The term "Edit mode" gets used a lot, but there is more than one layout (arrangement of tools available) for Edit Mode, for example, the initial layout, with a long column of tools running up the left side, and the vertex, edge, and face icons up next to the "Edit mode" ID, plus those same three choices spelled out at the end of the row. OR: there is a different Edit Mode Layout without those two reference clusters for choosing a target. They are absent. Gone. So if I'm in one of those layouts, how do I get to the other, and vice-versa?
Comment: You may need to show what key combinations you used and the object selected
Answer: If you refer to the online manual Regions entry you will see that there are two pull out bars, called the tool bar (on the left side) and the sidebar (on the right side) of the 3D viewport:

You can use hotkeys to toggle those bars so that they are visible or not. The t key will toggle the tool bar and the n key will toggle the sidebar.
Also, when the bars are not present, there is an arrow that you can drag with the mouse to pull them out:

You can also use the arrow to drag them closed.  (When the mouse hovers over the arrow it changes into a two-arrow cursor.)
Update: The difference between the toolbars in your update are because of what object is being edited, which you don't show, or what tool is being used.
Comment: Thanks for taking a stab at it, Chris. I added a doctored image to my original post to clarify the problem-selective editing is possible in one state, but not the other.


Don't load hidden images

Question: I have a bunch of hidden images on my website. Their container DIVs have style="display: none". Depending on the user's actions, some images may be revealed via javascript. The problem is that all my images are loaded upon opening the page. I would like to put less strain on the server by only loading images that eventually become visible. I was wondering if there was a pure CSS way to do this. Here are two hacky/complicated ways I am currently doing it. As you can see, it's not clean code.

.reveal .img {
 background-image: url(flower.png);
}

$('hiddenDiv').addClassName('reveal');

Here is method 2:

function revealImage(id) {
 $('id').writeAttribute(
  'src',
  $('id').readAttribute('fakeSrc')
 );
}

revealImage('flower');

Answer: The browser will load any images that has a src attribute set, so what you want to do is to use data-src in the markup and use JavaScript to set the src attribute when you want it to load.

I created this tiny plugin that will take care of the problem:
(function($){
    // Bind the function to global jQuery object.
    $.fn.reveal = function(){
        // Arguments is a variable which is available within all functions
        // and returns an object which holds the arguments passed.
        // It is not really an array, so by calling Array.prototype
        // he is actually casting it into an array.
        var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);

        // For each elements that matches the selector:
        return this.each(function(){
            // this is the dom element, so encapsulate the element with jQuery.
            var img = $(this),
                src = img.data("src");

            // If there is a data-src attribute, set the attribute
            // src to make load the image and bind an onload event.
            src && img.attr("src", src).load(function(){
                // Call the first argument passed (like fadeIn, slideIn, default is 'show').
                // This piece is like doing img.fadeIn(1000) but in a more dynamic way.
                img[args[0]||"show"].apply(img, args.splice(1));
            });
        });
    }
}(jQuery));

Execute .reveal on the image(s) you want to load/show:
$("img.hidden").reveal("fadeIn", 1000);

See test case on jsFiddle.
Comment: @SunnyRed Since when jQuery became standard javascript? I am editing the answer to add some comments, check the answer to understand what happens.
Comment: +1. Thanks a lot. I know this is "standard" javascript, but still. Would you mind to explain the latter part a bit? Thanks, Sunny.
Answer: Here's a jQuery solution:
$(function () {
   $("img").not(":visible").each(function () {
       $(this).data("src", this.src);
       this.src = "";
   });

   var reveal = function (selector) {
       var img = $(selector);
       img[0].src = img.data("src");
   }
});

It's similar to your solution, except it doesn't use the fakeSrc attribute in the markup. It clears the src attribute to stop it from loading and stores it elsewhere. Once you are ready to show the image, you use the reveal function much like you do in your solution. I apologize if you do not use jQuery, but the process should be transferable to whichever framework (if any) that you use.
Note: This code specifically must be ran before the window has fired the load event but after the DOM has been loaded.
Comment: There's no guarantee that will work. The browser's speculative prescanner can download images in markup long before this script code runs.
Comment: How do you load it before the window load, but after the DOM has been loaded?
Comment: This doesn't make sense. Images will be called to load by the time jQuery loads.
Comment: @Kenneth B: This code should do that. Passing a function to the `jQuery/$` object is a shortcut for `$(document).ready`.
Comment: How would the solution look like, if you want to stop loading images that are within a `` that is hidden?
Answer: Weirdly, there's no answer about native lazy loading which is implemented in the majority of the browsers already.
you can do it by adding loading="lazy" attribute to your image.
Addy Osmani wrote a great article about it. You can read more about lazy loading here: https://addyosmani.com/blog/lazy-loading/
Comment: Note that this does not work as expected. Hidden images are loaded even with `loading="lazy"` if they are in the viewport. https://jsfiddle.net/jnrhycdg/1/
Comment: Actually the example you gave me works correctly on chrome. It loads only after removing display:none. But yes, I heard there are quirks with lazy, but generally I think it's good future proof method, that comes with very small overhead comparing to js solutions.
Comment: Also does not work for me. Even with the img and the containing div both marked as display:none - and with the img height= and width= given, so the browser should not need to fetch to know image size to calculate the layout - the browser still fetched it.
Answer: It partially depends on how your images must be placed in your code. Are you able to display the images as the background of a
, or are you required to use the  tag? If you need the  tag, you may be screwed depending on the browser being used. Some browsers are smart enough to recognize when an image is inside of a hidden object or in an object of 0 width/height and not load it since it's essentially invisible, anyway. For this reason many people will suggest putting an image in a 1x1 pixel  if you want the image to be pre-loaded but not visible.
If you don't require the  tag, most browsers won't load images referenced by CSS until the element in question becomes visible.
Mind you that short of using AJAX to download the image there's no way to be 100% sure the browser won't pre-load the image anyway. It's not unbelievable that a browser would want to pre-load anything it assumes may be used later in order to "speed up" the average load times.
Comment: The img tag is not required, but it makes more HTML more semantically correct and easier for co-workers to understand.
Comment: Gotcha. Always have to help co-workers understand. I suggest taking a look at Daniel's answer, though. He thought of something that didn't even cross my mind. Probably the best solution, too.
Answer: Using CSS to put the image an unused class, then adding that class to an element with javascript is going to be your best bet. If you don't use image tags at all, this solution becomes a bit more obvious.
Though, for perspective, most people have the opposite problem where they want to preload an image so it shows up instantly when it's told to be shown.
Answer: If you are okay relying on scripting, there is the background image method and the image src method. Put simply, set all your hidden images to some very small image (reduce strain on server) or one that does not exist at all (who cares? The visitor cannot see the image-missing [X] anyway, the div is hidden) then change it with script...

<input type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('my_image').src='I_exist.jpg';" Value="change image" />

<input type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('my_div').style.width='455px';document.getElementById('my_div').style.height='75px';document.getElementById('my_div').style.backgroundImage='url(I_exist.jpg)';" Value="change background image" />

I left a width on the above example to show that nothing is in the div image wise until you ask it to load.
Comment: Who cares? Well, each HTTP request does have a performance cost on the server itself, so that can still cause issues. That's not a good solution.
Answer: If you make the image a background-image of a div in CSS, when that div is set to 'display: none', the image will not load.
You can do the following for a pure CSS solution, it also makes the img box actually behave like an img box in a responsive design setting (that's what the transparent png is for), which is especially useful if your design uses responsive-dynamically-resizing images.

The image will only be loaded when the media query tied to visible-lg-block is triggered and display:none is changed to display:block. The transparent png is used to allow the browser to set appropriate height:width ratios for your  block (and thus the background-image) in a fluid design (height: auto; width: 100%).
1078/501 = ~2.15  (large screen)
400/186  = ~2.15  (small screen)

So you end up with something like the following, for 3 different viewports:

And only your default media viewport size images load during the initial load, then afterwards, depending on your viewport, images will dynamically load.
And no javascript!

Don't load hidden images


Resistance at Ohm's Law

Question: Today I learnt about Ohm's Law(I had some basic knowledge earlier).When I came home I searched in the internet and found that at Ohm's Law, resistance should not change because then the circuit will not obey Ohm's Law.I googled about this "problem" but I found nothing.
My physic professor says that resistance can change at Ohm's Law.
I don't know which one to trust.
Can anyone help me ?
Comment: First you searched on the internet & got something... Then, you Googled & found nothing.. Aren't both contradictory?
Comment: I found a  book in the internet where this was written, but when I searched in google about that I found nothing(I mean I only found the same book)
Comment: Give the link to the book..
Answer: Ohm's law isn't actually a law, in the sense that everything has to obey it. It's more like "This simple pattern that Ohm noticed". Devices exist that don't even come close to obeying Ohm's law, and they're used all the time. Ohm's law basically states that how well something resists current doesn't depend on how big that current is: the device isn't any better at holding back high current than low current. While this is true for many materials, people have specifically designed and made great use of materials that have other properties. Things that, for example, resist current going one way but not another. Or ones that resist low enough levels of current, but can't hold high ones back at all. These are called diodes.
Ohm's law is a nice thing to have, but it's not a rule like conservation of energy or charge.
Answer: Ohm's law is not quite precise in our daily life.
It varies according to external factors such as temperature, pressure, material of wire used. There are also errors while calculating it. You have maintain standard temperature and pressure (i.e. 273 K and 1 atm). You should also be aware that the conductor whose resistance you are calculating must not get heated which may increase in the collisions of electrons inside the conductor which in return increases the resistance.
There are certain limitations of Ohm's Law
(a) V ceases to be proportional to I (Fig. 3.5).

(b) The relation between V and I depends on the sign of V. In
other words, if I is the current for a certain V, then reversing
the direction of V keeping its magnitude fixed, does not
produce a current of the same magnitude as I in the opposite direction
(Fig. 3.6). This happens, for example, in a diode.

(c) The relation between V and I is not unique, i.e., there is more than
one value of V for the same current I (Fig. 3.7). A material exhibiting
such behaviour is GaAs.

Materials and devices not obeying Ohm's law are actually widely used in electronic circuits.
Answer: Well, the thing with Ohm's law is that the ordinary expression
$I=\frac{V}{R}$ (sorry, I'm on mobile and writing "nice math" here is a pain), works only for what is usually referred to as "static resistance", that is $R=\frac{V}{I}$. However, this implies a material whose resistance does not vary. There are some materials whose resistance varies inversely to its cross-sectional area and proportionally its length ($R=k\frac{l}{A}$, where $k$ is the coefficient of resistivity of a material, a constant really). For this materials you need a "dynamic resistance" which is given by $\frac{dV}{dI}$, simply the rate of change of $V$ with respect to $I$ (or the slope of said line).
Comment: Thanks for the editing! Also, I made a small mistake, regarding k which I already fixed (I believe).
Comment: You haven't explored the true reason why Ohm's Law fails for certain materials. It isn't because "resistance varies inversely to its cross-sectional area and proportionally its length" - this is the case for most wires, for example, but Ohm's Law continues to generally apply here. Rather, certain electronic devices are fundamentally non-linear, such as the diode, semiconductor, light bulb, etc.

Resistance at Ohm's Law


Preparing spaghetti without boiling water

Question: I saw a commercial on televison for preparing spaghetti without boiling the noodles, just place them in water for about on hour.  Can this be done?
Comment: Was it a commercial for instant noodles? They exist, but are preprocessed. Normal noodles can't work with just soaking.
Comment: This is *practically* a duplicate of [Could rice or pasta be cooked without hot water?](http://cooking.stackexchange.com/q/21610) but I guess there might be a difference between "boiling" and "hot" water.
Answer: You can certainly cook spaghetti in water as low as 180 F.
Soaking it in cooler water will hydrate the starches if you wait long enough, but won't cook the proteins, so may not be optimal.
Comment: Sort of like eating raw, wet dough.
Answer: There are two types of noodles sold on the market, instant and normal.
If you purchased a random package of noodles, SAJ14SAJ's answer applies (although I am not sure if the 180 F is indeed enough - I have higher figures for the gelation of wheat starch in my head). There is some temperature a little bit below boiling which will work, but less than that will not end well.
If you have noodles marked as "instant noodles", they might work with just adding water. You have to follow the instructions on the package, because they might need fairly hot water too. But you can't use regular noodles that way.
Instant noodles are rare. If you are not sure what kind you bought, you probably have the ones which need cooking.
Comment: The 180 F number comes from Kenji Alt.
Answer: You need hot water. Otherwise you will have just a bunch of pasta made soft-soaked in cold water. Something I won't really eat.


How does catdog reproduce?

Question: In the episode where they go to the future there is a tiny catdog, now my question is how does catdog reproduce? I know that it's a cartoon and all,but do they have reproductive organs? I just needed a authorial answer at this time. Sorry if I've been confusing about it.
Comment: i would think they would since Dog can mark his territory. it's been a while but i remember one episode where he marks a hydrant and the next time he passes he smells someone else has marked it and keeps cat back as he waits for whoever marked his hydrant (i think it was a tiny poodle who's with the fire department). since dogs urinate with the same organ used for production i would suspect this assuming that Dog urinates to mark his territory
Answer: Through the magic of being a kids cartoon.
Kids programs (for obvious reasons) don't go into the mechanics of conception (that would be weird, and wrong, and lead to complaints from concerned parents everywhere).  It's fair to assume that kissy-kissy leads to babies within the confines of a loving environment.
Even kids know that cartoons aren't really indicative of real life.

How does catdog reproduce?


What can I use to seam a quartz countertop besides epoxy?

Question: Is there something else that can be used for  a quartz counter top seam without using strong epoxy or chemicals. I am very sensitive to chemicals. Or can silicone be used instead?
Comment: You know that literally everything is chemicals, right? Maybe you could be more specific about your concerns.
Comment: A quartz countertop will be there forever. The tiny amount of seam material will be inert and odor-free within minutes, and typically doesn't have outrageous fumes even during use. If you are doing the job yourself and are extremely sensitive, wear gloves and a mask for the few minutes it will take. If a contractor will be doing the job and you don't hover, you are likely to be unaware that "chemicals" were even involved, and there is no long-term odor, or chemicals that leach out. Just use the best materials for the job; the "chemicals" are too minimal and momentary to be a consideration.
Comment: I think if you're ok with a visible seam that could possibly move a little over time, you could use just about anything.  Is that OK with you?
Answer: Find an adhesive that is Greenguard Gold Certified
GREENGUARD Certification  helps buyers identify interior products and materials that have low chemical emissions, improving the quality of the air in which the products are used.
GREENGUARD Gold Certification (formerly known as GREENGUARD Children & Schools Certification) offers stricter certification criteria, considers safety factors to account for sensitive individuals (such as children and the elderly), and ensures that a product is acceptable for use in environments such as schools and healthcare facilities.
If there is a specific chemical that you are sensitive to you can get the data sheet for the adhesive to see if it contains that chemical.
Answer: use clear silicon calk. I have theses exact counter
tops.


What body parts did the Remnants of Despair take from Junko Enoshima?

Question: I just finished playing Danganronpa 2, and was curious about fake Makoto's statements regarding the Remnants of Despair. Fake Makoto said that the Remnants of Depair attached some of Junko's body parts to their own bodies. One example I know of is that Nagito took Junko's hand. My question is this: what did the members other than Nagito take?
Answer: Fuyuhiko most likely took her eye (as seen in the picture where Ultimate Despair's despair-filled acts were depicted). We don't know who else took things, or what else was taken.
That's really all we know about the what. As for how - Mikan, obviously.
Answer: It's heavily implied that Mikan replaced her own womb with Junko's.
Comment: from the japanese version yes, this is too dark to have been translated into the english version, I would have puked if I read this like that in the game


Is there anyway to speed up the animation when switching between spaces?

Question: This has been bothering me for a while now. When I got my new 16" M1 Pro MacBook Pro with a variable refresh rate display (ProMotion) I realized that the animation when switching between spaces was much longer than my 13" M1 MacBook Pro. I was wondering if there is any command buried deep inside macOS that would allow me to modify the speed of the animation. Thanks for your time!
Comment: And if anyone is wondering, spaces are virtual desktops / full screen apps
Comment: There's this - https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/54728/speed-up-the-transition-between-spaces?rq=1 - idk if any of those solutions still work. BTW, if you use key commands Ctrl/[num] to switch Spaces the transition is literally twice as fast as using swipe or Ctrl/arrows [which means you cannot use it for fullscreen spaces, as they don't have numbers].
Answer: You will have to switch to 60Hz refresh rate in monitor settings, after that, you won't have to wait almost a full second before you can interact with windows on the space you've switched to.
It seems to be a bug of Pro Motion variable refresh rate
Comment: Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. Please [edit] to add further details, such as citations or documentation, so that others can confirm that your answer is correct. You can find more information on how to write good answers [in the help center](/help/how-to-answer).
Comment: perfect. indeed, the toggle cut time in half or more before can interact.


How to return to the original place where query-replace was started?

Question: Assume that I perform a query-replace in a document. When the process is finished, is there a simple way (1) to return to the original place where query-replace was started? (2) to return to the first place where a replacement was done?
Answer:
(1) to return to the original place where query-replace was started?

C-uC-SPC
n.b. This works in many situations, as commands which are liable to move point by some arbitrary distance commonly push to the mark ring first, for this purpose.

(2) to return to the first place where a replacement was done?

I can't think of a standard way to do that.
You can always use diff-buffer-with-file or ediff-current-file to find out what changes you've made since you last saved the file.
Comment: Thanks, is there an elisp equivalent of `C-u C-SPC`?
Comment: @Name `M-x describe-key RET C-SPC` (or `C-h k C-SPC`) reports that the key is bound to the command `set-mark-command`.
Comment: Basil is correct, but a call to `(pop-to-mark-command)` is what is ultimately happening with that key sequence.
Answer: In addition to what @phils said:
I too don't know of a way to get back to the location of the first replacement, after you've already moved on from there.
But if you think ahead of time that you might want to get back there, all you need to do is this:

Use ., to make the first replacement and exit query-replace.
Use C-SPC to set the mark at the end of that replacement.
Use C-x ESC ESC (also C-x M-: and C-x M-ESC), to start the query-replace again.

(You might think that you could use C-r to enter a recursive edit, then C-SPC, and then C-M-c to resume query-replacing.  But the effect of C-SPC is apparently lost.)


How can I watch iTunes purchased movie on my Mac if it is missing in my library?

Question: I have purchased Cars 2 HD movie on my iTunes. I can't find it and/or play it on my Mac now. the only option is to buy it once more. I have just one iTunes account. when go to the movie bar in my library, there's nothing there, just the intro screen. Please help.
Comment: If you provide the country to which your iTunes account is associated a more tailored answer can be provided as the ability to do what you're asking differs from country to country at the present time.
Answer: This Apple support article deals specifically with downloading past purchased content. You want to check the section labeled Mac or PC since you're trying to download purchased content in iTunes on a computer.
From the article and assuming you're using iTunes 11 or later:

Open iTunes.
If you're not already signed in, choose Store > Sign In and type your Apple ID and password.
If you're in the iTunes Store, click the Library button, in the upper-right corner, to go to your library.
Make sure that you have "Show iTunes in the Cloud Purchases" enabled in your iTunes preferences by going to iTunes > Preferences in the Store tab and clicking OK.
In your iTunes library, click the content type you wish to download using the content selector in the upper-left. Choose Music to download music, Movies to download movies, and so on.
Locate the item or title you wish to download.
Click the download icon to download that item.

And as 2DD8847 points out their answer: being able to do this is country dependent. You can only do this where an X appears in the media category for the iTunes in the Cloud availability by country table found in this support article. And note that for some countries, under the Movies category, there's a caveat that "Some previously purchased movies may not be available in iTunes in the Cloud."
Answer: Have you tried using the "Check for Available Downloads" feature? It's under the Store menu.
In the past, if I was missing a track/show/whatever I would be able to download again using this.
Answer: If the "Check for Available Downloads" does not resolve your issue, you can just redownload the movie. If you have already bought the movie you can redownload it free of charge. The button still says "buy" but when you click on it, a window will pop up that tells you that you've already bought the movie and will just download it.
If you have downloaded it already but it is not in your library it should be in you iTunes library in your home folder (music), if you haven't changed the data storage path. Just drag and drop the movie file into iTunes to get it back into your library.
Answer:
It depends on what country you live.

In Germany, for example, you just can't redownload purchased movies.
Here you can see a overview which features are enabled in each country.
If you are currently in a country that supports this feature, you have to go to the iTunes Store and select "purchased items" on the right sidebar. There you can see all your purchased content and you can redownload it from there.
Answer: Look in 'Itunes' > 'iTunes Music' > 'Movies'
Basically it's in the folder where iTunes stores your music, in a subfolder called Movies


UIImageView in UIScrollView: panning fail

Question: I am making a simple photo viewer that allows zooming and panning.
so in IB I create a UIScrollView containing a UIImageView:

Then I can configure it to house the photo as soon as the photo is available:
<code>- (void) imageCaptureCompleted
{
    {
        UIImage* I = self.frontCamView.stillImage;

        self.imageView.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, I.size.width, I.size.height );
        self.imageView.image = I;

        // - - -

        self.scrollView.maximumZoomScale = 4.0;
        self.scrollView.minimumZoomScale = 0.75;
        self.scrollView.clipsToBounds = YES;
        self.scrollView.delegate = self;

        self.scrollView.contentSize = self.imageView.bounds.size;
    }

    [self hideCaptureView];

    UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum( self.frontCamView.stillImage,
                                   self,
                                   @selector( image: didFinishSavingWithError: contextInfo: ),
                                   nil );
}

- (UIView *) viewForZoomingInScrollView: (UIScrollView *) scrollView
{
    return self.imageView;
}
</code>
This is almost working. It is indeed letting me pan and zoom.
However, it pans too far! It should bounce back when it hits the right edge of the photo.   but instead it behaves as if the photo is in a larger black rectangle.
I have set up the autoresizing masks of the scroll view in exactly the same way as per the  above picture.
How to get it to work?
PS I have now figured this out; I will put up the answer for posterity.
Answer: This code sorts it out:
<code>        // self.imageView.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, I.size.width, I.size.height );
        self.imageView.image = I;

        [self.imageView sizeToFit];
</code>
However, I can't understand why this change is necessary.  If anyone can tell me, I will accept that answer ( in which case please paste the above code then I can remove this answer ).