Is the wages of sin our natural death?

Question: Does anyone else believe that our natural deaths are not the punishment for sin? Id always thought it odd that if our natural deaths were the punishment for sin, then why would God raise everyone for judgment Hebs 9:27 resulting in some dying again? Rev 20:6,13-15. Especially as we're told that God takes no pleasure in the death of the wicked, Ezekiel 18:23,32. Maybe Adam and Eve were created mortal? It's been suggested that Adam and Eve did not receive the immediate punishment for their sin ("in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die") because God killed an animal/animals instead, and covered them with the skins to show that their sin had been 'covered'. So according to this idea, their nature did not fall but remained the same. However the thing that did change was their relationship with God and from then on the Devil was their master, as they had chosen him over God - and he has had sway as "the ruler of this world" (John 12:31; 16:11) ever since. It is true I believe, that the Bible does not say that Adam and Eves nature 'fell', or refer to human nature as having 'fallen'. I could say more. But I'd like to hear thought through comments on what I've already said. I'm no longer certain of what I believe, myself! I'm looking for answers to consider.
Comment: Hello and welcome to the site! Please have a read of the [tour] and this page: [What types of questions can I ask on this site?](https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/q/3409/6071) One thing we don't do here is ask for opinions, so this needs to be closed. But I hope you'll stick around to ask and answer many more questions!
Comment: Good question.   However for it to be answerable you need to ask for a specific denomination to weigh in with its POV.
Answer: Concerning a fallen nature:

16 And the Lord God commanded the man, "You are free to eat from any
tree of the garden, 17 but you must not eat from the tree of the
knowledge of good and evil, for on the day you eat from it, you will
certainly die." (Genesis 2:16-17)

One way of looking at God's command is to combine it with this:

For in Your sight a thousand years are like yesterday that passes by,
like a few hours of the night. (Psalm 90:4)

which is repeated here:

Dear friends, don't let this one thing escape you: With the Lord one
day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years like one day. (2
Peter 3:8)

So Adam and Eve did die on the same "day" that they ate of the fruit, if that day is taken figuratively to be a thousand years. A second example of this principle is found in the story of Noah:

6 When mankind began to multiply on the earth and daughters were born
to them, 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of mankind were
beautiful, and they took any they chose as wives for themselves. 3 And
the Lord said, "My Spirit will not remain with mankind forever,
because they are corrupt. Their days will be 120 years." (Genesis 6:1-3)

Biblical genealogies show that people after Noah still live much longer than 120 years, but the maximum ages steadily declined. However, if you follow the chronologies forward 1,000 years from that statement, you get to a point a decade or two after the death of Moses. Moses died at age 120 years. Nobody in the Bible after Moses ever again lived longer than 120 years.
So Adam and Eve went from immortal, to mortal with a lifespan of up to a thousand years, and their descendamts eventually to a lifespan no greater than 120 years. This shows a progressive corruption of the human genome, a physical manifestation of a changed nature, which presumably has a spiritual component as well, as claimed by the Apostle Paul in his writings, when he talks about the "flesh" or "sin nature".
As an interesting scientific aside, consider this command:

Do not make an idol for yourself, whether in the shape of anything in
the heavens above or on the earth below or in the waters under the
earth. 5 You must not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the
Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the
fathers' sin, to the third and fourth generations of those who hate
Me, 6 but showing faithful love to a thousand generations of those who
love Me and keep My commands. (Exodus 20:4-6)

It has recently been shown that acquired characteristics related to the environment may be passed down from parents to children via "epigenetic" markers. These markers, if not reinforced by the children, fade after three to four generations. So a trait like susceptibility to alcoholism can be passed down to children of alcoholics due to their parent's bad choices, but it will diminish over the generations if the children and grandchildren choose to reject that habit.
As an example of this working out in the Bible, Cain slew his brother Abel; several generations later, Cain's descendant Lamech was also a murderer.
As one final statement about the nature of man, consider what Solomon, the wisest man to ever live (besides Jesus) said:

Only see this: I have discovered that God made people upright, but
they pursued many schemes." (Ecclesiastes 7:29)

Concerning the "resurrection of the damned".
God cannot contradict himself. He promised to hold a trial for everyone who ever lived:
A river of fire was flowing,
coming out from His presence.
Thousands upon thousands served Him;
ten thousand times ten thousand stood before Him.
The court was convened,
and the books were opened. (Daniel 7:10)

And later:

11 Then I saw a great white throne and One seated on it. Earth and
heaven fled from His presence, and no place was found for them. 12 I
also saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the
throne, and books were opened. Another book was opened, which is the
book of life, and the dead were judged according to their works by
what was written in the books.
13 Then the sea gave up its dead, and Death and Hades gave up their
dead; all were judged according to their works. (Revelation 20:11-13)

Since God promises a trial, everyone must appear in court, and if you are a corpse in the ground, how can you hear the charges? How can you be made aware of the judgment? These two realities - death for sin and a conscious judgment - require that all people be resurrected, prior to sentencing. Trials in absentia are not a thing in the Bible, as Job insisted:
How often is the lamp of the wicked put out?
Does disaster come on them?
Does He apportion destruction in His anger?
18 Are they like straw before the wind,
like chaff a storm sweeps away?
19 God reserves a person's punishment for his children.
Let God repay the person himself, so that he may know it.
20 Let his own eyes see his demise;
let him drink from the Almighty's wrath!
21 For what does he care about his family once he is dead,
when the number of his months has run out? (Job 21:17-21)

Job insists that for justice to be properly served, the guilty must see his punishment with his own eyes and see it to come from the hand of God. And when God answered Job, he said:

7 After the Lord had finished speaking to Job, He said to Eliphaz the
Temanite: "I am angry with you and your two friends, for you have not
spoken the truth about Me, as My servant Job has. (Job 42:7)

God agreed with Job about the need for a trial (and many other things).

Is the wages of sin our natural death?


Is learning guitar good without knowing how to sing?

Question: I'm interested in learning guitar, but I doubt it would be useful to play guitar without singing. Is it necessary to learn to sing in order to play guitar?
Comment: sneha - are you asking if singing will help guitar playing? Or if you can do both at once?
Answer: Both are independent instruments and as requirement for learning the other, no related at all (just as you can learn to play piano without knowing how to play viola, and learn to play viola without knowing how to play timpani).
You can learn to sing without knowing guitar, and you can learn to play guitar without knowing how to sing.
Answer: Playing guitar without singing is still a lot of fun and very rewarding. I played guitar for years without singing and loved every minute of it. I hated singing for most of my life.
All that being said, when I was finally forced to learn to sing, not only did it open up a lot of possibilities with my guitar playing (like being a one man band and playing and singing songs on an acoustic), it also added to my appreciation, enjoyment, and understanding of music in a way that I just couldn't overstate. I think everyone should learn to sing. I don't mean every musician, I mean literally everyone in the world. It should be required in public schools from the very beginning through at least sixth or seventh grade.
So my answer is, no you absolutely don't need to sing to learn and enjoy guitar. But you should strongly consider forcing yourself to at least learn a little singing.
Answer: If you are concerned about singing, take up an instrument which involves using the mouth, such as trumpet, clarinet or sax, then that problem is solved. Some folks like to play guitar, some like to sing, and some can do both at the same time. One MAY help the other, but it's not necessary to be able to do both.
Answer: I agree with Todd Wilcox on this. I'll add a couple of more points though.

Singing will dramatically increase your rate of progress on guitar or any other instrument.
I can't think of one successful singer or songwriter who cannot play at least some guitar or some piano. These are the two dominant instruments in modern popular music, because they can play both single notes and play chords. You are not always singing the root of the chord, so having an instrument you can play chords with is essential for ear training.

I was originally taught that playing and singing simultaneously was a matter of perfecting each part separately, then putting them together. Years of playing and teaching has convinced me this is not the best approach.
You should instead put the two together from the very beginning, by simplifying the strum down to outlining the form (i.e. strumming only where the chords change, or a bar starts) and singing along gaining an awareness of where the changes in the vocal melody match up with the changes in the harmony (chords).
Comment: I very much agree with your second paragraph. The more you do at once, the simpler each needs to be, while learning. I find when I don't know a song that my guitar playing reduces in quality in 3 steps: once when I add "la-ing" along to the song, once when I add the actual lyrics, and once more when I try to sing the lyrics well :)
Comment: Stone cold memorizing the lyrics to at least one verse and chorus helps a lot. I find the "la-ing" gives you a big edge with the guitar leads as well.
Answer: Playing the guitar well takes a lot of practice and hard work. The quality of the sound depends on the manufactured quality of the guitar and proper tuning. Singing is different. It still requires practice and hard work but the quality of the sound is not manufactured. It depends on the basic instrument supplied by nature and proper tuning.
Too many guitarists think they can sing when they do not have the basic musical instrument, the voice. Another problem is the audiences. They will tell you how wonderful you are because they want to be nice to you. Don´t believe them!
If you want to be a professional guitarist/singer rather than a guitarist, then go to a reputable singing coach before you spend your money on an expensive guitar. Tell them that you want them to be brutally frank with you about the quality of your basic instrument. I have been in the business for 50 years and more. Too many self delusional struggling performers.
Answer: Obviously a lot of (in fact most) singer/songwriters are more the average kind of guitarist. Whereas famous non-singing guitarists again are always extremely good guitarists. So, if your question in fact is, whether you will be able to make a living being a non-singing guitar player: A lot of very talented children work hard to become a new Messi, but you never know where it all ends up... If your questions is just, whether it is fun to play guitar without singing: Yes, it is!
Answer: I believe it is. The guitar is a great choice for introducing once self to musical performance. There are numerous resources available to help you learn, you can play by yourself or with a band, and many guitarists write and perform music that do not include lyrics, as well as accompanying other singers.
After learning to play the guitar, I very quickly learned to play Piano, as my experience with guitar taught me a lot of fundamentals that are universal to many other instruments.


Speed and Velocity

Question: Why did physicists develop the concept of velocity? I searched on the web, but I didn't get a satisfactory answer. All I got is that velocity has a direction whereas speed does not. Why do we need concept of velocity? If we could consider speed as a vector quantity, would it make any difference?
Comment: Having done some investigating I am sure that this post should migrate to [History of Science and Mathematics SE](https://hsm.stackexchange.com/).  As an example in a textbook written in 1871 it appears that velocity is the term to use if measured in feet per second and speed is to be used if the unit is different eg miles per hour!! Just read [paragraph 4 onwards](https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hnyhfd?urlappend=%3Bseq=150%3Bownerid=27021597767246544-162) to be amazed?
Comment: I want to point out an amusing coincidence that's also a nice memorization technique for anyone that's new to physics and is still getting used to this terminology: observe that **ve**locity is a **ve**ctor, while **s**peed is a **s**calar ;-)
Comment: velocity is the same as speed except that it has direction. If we consider speed as a vector quantity, it becomes velocity. that's all.
Comment: This does not seem to be so important, as there is no such distinction in German, for example.
Comment: This site is being inconsistent as here is a **closed** duplicate [What was the need to introduce the term 'velocity '?](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/663802/what-was-the-need-to-introduce-the-term-velocity) but there is an answer on a sister SE site [Why are 'speed' and 'velocity' not given the same name?](https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/10984/why-are-speed-and-velocity-not-given-the-same-name)
Answer: It's really not an important distinction. Speed is really just the magnitude of the velocity. As HolgerFiedler said, in German there's not even a distinction made.
We certainly could just have velocity and say "the magnitude of the velocity" rather than "the speed" when needed, or have made speed a vector and say "the magnitude of the speed" rather than have the word "velocity". It's just a minor convenience to have two different words.
Answer: Speed is a scalar, and velocity is a vector. They are geometrically different.
With $s =|\vec v|$, momentum:
$$ \vec p = m \vec v$$
is a manifestly rotational covariant equations, while:
$$ KE = \frac 1 2 m s^2 $$
is manifestly invariant.
Answer: It seems you are not asking about the concept of velocity, which you seem to understand why it exists and why it is a vector, but just why in English this French-derived word was used over the older Old-English-derived word "speed".
I guess that, simply, people have been using the word "speed" for ages for the magnitude of the speed. People say "My car's speed is 50 Mph", not "My car's speed is 50 MPh going northeast". When they wanted to look at a vector speed - magnitude and direction - they just adopted a different, more formal-sounding (i.e., French) word. Having mulitple words for similar things - one of Germanic origin and a more "technical" one with French origin - is a common thing in Elgish.
It's worth noting that this is a word choice made in English, and doesn't carry to other languages. In Hebrew, for example, the word used for a car's speed, מהירות ("mehiroot") is also used for the vector velocity in Physics. When a Hebrew physicist wants to talk about the magnitude of the velocity, he or she uses "the magnitude of the speed". We don't have a separate word for it.
Answer:
Why had physicist developed the concept of velocity ?

We need to use a vector rate of change of position - rather than its scalar magnitude - in the definition of momentum so that momentum is conserved.
If we defined momentum as $m|\vec v|$ instead of $m\vec v$ then momentum would not be conserved in general. To see this, consider two equal masses approaching one another with velocities that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. $\Sigma m \vec v$ is zero both before and after they collide, but $\Sigma m|\vec v|$ is only conserved if the collision is perfectly elastic. A definition of momentum that was only conserved in certain specific circumstances would be a much less useful definition.

If we could consider speed as a vector quantity. does it make any difference ?

Whether we call the vector rate of change of position speed or velocity or something else is a matter of convention.
Answer: Somewhere around 1880 "formal" definitions of speed and velocity were adopted by (English speaking) Physicists and those definitions are now in common usage.
After 140 years it matters not as to whether one should use but one word instead of two, like for a lot of things, common usage over time prevails; just think of conventional current, the right-hand rule etc.
And the differentiation does have some virtue?

Speed and Velocity


Determine if a string is an integer or a float in ANSI C

Question: Using only ANSI C, what is the best way to, with fair certainty, determine if a C style string is either a integer or a real number (i.e float/double)?
Answer: Don't use atoi and atof as these functions return 0 on failure. Last time I checked 0 is a valid integer and float, therefore no use for determining type.
use the strto{l,ul,ull,ll,d} functions, as these set errno on failure, and also report where the converted data ended.
strtoul: http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/strtoul.html
this example assumes that the string contains a single value to be converted.
#include <errno.h>

char* to_convert = "some string";
char* p = to_convert;
errno = 0;
unsigned long val = strtoul(to_convert, &p, 10);
if (errno != 0)
    // conversion failed (EINVAL, ERANGE)
if (to_convert == p)
    // conversion failed (no characters consumed)
if (*p != 0)
    // conversion failed (trailing data)

Thanks to Jonathan Leffler for pointing out that I forgot to set errno to 0 first.
Comment: sorry, I knew that this is quite old, but in this line, we do not have any errno?
unsigned long val = strtoul(to_convert, &p, 10);

Is the correct would be
unsigned long errno = strtoul(to_convert, &p, 10);
Comment: @vodkhang This is valid code, but you may have to use #include  depending on your compiler. errno is essentially a global variable that can be set with an error code. It may be implemented as a macro or a "modifiable lvalue".
Comment: `errno` **is** a macro which expands to a modifiable lvalue. Normally it expands to `(*__errno_location())` or similar.
Comment: to save anybody headaches, you may have to add
#include  for it to work.
Answer: Using sscanf, you can be certain if the string is a float or int or whatever without having to special case 0, as is the case with atoi and atof solution.
Here's some example code:
int i;
float f;
if(sscanf(str, "%d", &i) != 0) //It's an int.
  ...
if(sscanf(str "%f", &f) != 0)  //It's a float.
  ...

Comment: I'm pretty sure you need to test the return value of sscanf against the sizeof str to make sure the whole string was converted, otherwise the "%d" won't fail if it's handed "1.374", it will return 1.
Comment: True. This could also be solved by testing for %f first, but that causes issues with "1.". Personally, I like your solution the best of those presented.
Comment: @Patrick_O Checking the return of `sscanf` against a string length is not going to work, since it returns the number of succesfully converted items, not the number of characters used for conversion. but the `%n` format may help here.
Answer: atoi and atof will convert or return a 0 if it can't.
Comment: Sure - your answer certainly covers that case.
Comment: I've changed my display name to stop this confusion!
Answer: I agree with Patrick_O that the strto{l,ul,ull,ll,d} functions are the best way to go.  There are a couple of points to watch though.

Set errno to zero before calling the functions; no function does that for you.
The Open Group page linked to (which I went to before noticing that Patrick had linked to it too) points out that errno may not be set.  It is set to ERANGE if the value is out of range; it may be set (but equally, may not be set) to EINVAL if the argument is invalid.

Depending on the job at hand, I'll sometimes arrange to skip over trailing white space from the end of conversion pointer returned, and then complain (reject) if the last character is not the terminating null '\0'.  Or I can be sloppy and let garbage appear at the end, or I can accept optional multipliers like 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T' for kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, ... or any other requirement based on the context.
Answer: I suppose you could step through the string and check if there are any . characters in it.  That's just the first thing that popped into my head though, so I'm sure there are other (better) ways to be more certain.
Comment: And the ',' character. Don't forget about localisation.
Answer: Use strtol/strtoll (not atoi) to check integers.
Use strtof/strtod (not atof) to check doubles.
atoi and atof convert the initial part of the string, but don't tell you whether or not they used all of the string. strtol/strtod tell you whether there was extra junk after the characters converted.
So in both cases, remember to pass in a non-null TAIL parameter, and check that it points to the end of the string (that is, **TAIL == 0). Also check the return value for underflow and overflow (see the man pages or ANSI standard for details).
Note also that strod/strtol skip initial whitespace, so if you want to treat strings with initial whitespace as ill-formatted, you also need to check the first character.
Answer: It really depends on why you are asking in the first place.
If you just want to parse a number and don't know if it is a float or an integer, then just parse a float, it will correctly parse an integer as well.
If you actually want to know the type, maybe for triage, then you should really consider testing the types in the order that you consider the most relevant. Like try to parse an integer and if you can't, then try to parse a float. (The other way around will just produce a little more floats...)
Answer: atoi and atof will convert the number even if there are trailing non numerical characters.  However, if you use strtol and strtod it will not only skip leading white space and an optional sign, but leave you with a pointer to the first character not in the number.  Then you can check that the rest is whitespace.
Answer: Well, if you don't feel like using a new function like strtoul, you could just add another strcmp statement to see if the string is 0.
i.e.
if(atof(token) != NULL || strcmp(token, "0") == 0)

Comment: This thinks that "0.0" (and other variations thereof) are not numbers.


Did I just get rid of my Hearthstone quests?

Question: Two of my hearthstone quests had refresh circle-arrows or something on the upper right hand corner.  I clicked on them and new quests took their place.  I can't see the old quests now and I wanted to play them.  Did I just get rid of my hearthstone quests and is there any way to get them back?
Answer: Unfortunately, you cannot get back your previous quest, but you should still have the same number of quests.
The button in the top right corner corner is a "reroll" button which replaces that one quest with a new randomly-chosen quest. You can only use it once per day.
The main use for the reroll button is if

You don't want to attempt a quest (for example, it has a class you don't want to play).
You'd like to take a chance on getting a quest with a higher gold reward. (This may be obsolete with the November 2019 patch which changes the quest list and reroll behavior; I'm not sure.)
Comment: If I hadn't pressed the reroll button would I have gotten to complete more quests than the three I ended up with?
Comment: @WalrustheCat No. The only way the number of quests goes down is by completing them, and 3 is the limit you can have active.
Comment: Another way to look at it is: the re-roll button gives you another objective with a possibility of a different reward amount. You can't get more or less quests, you can only change the requirements for completion.


Can I use viewport modes as driver variable?

Question: I am using an addon that replaces the default world in blender, however it's hindering the viewport performance in solid mode for about 20-30% fps drop. Is there a way I could make the driver that would switch the addon off when I go to solid view and back on when I go into render view ? The Addon I'm using is called "Physical Starlight And Atmosphere" and it has a checkbox to enable and disable it in the "N" Tab.
I'm pretty sure there is some way to put a line of code into the driver's variable to make it work, i just don't know much about coding at all.
Comment: I'm pretty sure it can not be done via Drivers. Drivers suppose to get float or integer value from the data path and work with it, but viewport modes paths are represented as strings. More to say, viewport modes are not something constant, they are context-dependent. You may have several windows with different viewport modes simultaneously or no opened 3D VIEW window at all - so there's no way for the driver to know where from to get the data. It probably may be done by another add-on or by editing existing one, but I suspect it would be quite tricky to perform.
Answer: In 2.90, I can right-click on the viewport shading buttons and select "copy as new driver". Then I can right-click on a property and select "paste driver". So, it looks like the functionality exists. But, the variable (named shading.type) seems to always read as zero, so maybe the function doesn't actually work in this version.


Visualize uber h3 hexagon in Power BI

Question: I have two columns. One is h3 index and other is quantifying column. I have converted each hexagon into WKT. I am not sure how I can display hexagons over a map in Power BI.
Answer: There is no direct way of representation of h3 index, However you can visualize them on powerBI

using Iconmaps plugin by creating the Shape file of h3index polygons.
Using Shapemap plugin of powerBI (without basemap) by generating the TOPOJson file of h3index with "h3index" as identity and then match it with your dataset.

please ask if more clarity is needed.

Visualize uber h3 hexagon in Power BI


Distance as a function of time where acceleration changes with respect to distance

Question: I was thinking the other day about gravity. I know that acceleration in a magnetic field changes with respect to distance from the center of the field. So I was thinking, how would one find the total distance travelled with respect to time when a body is free falling in a gravitational field that grows stronger as the body falls further. I spent many-an-hour scrawling calculus things on napkins before I finally threw in the towel. So if any of you want to satiate my thirst for knowledge, it'd be much appreciated (at the very least, it'd be a fun challenge for you). I started by getting  D=(1/2)(GM/R^2)(t^2) and spent many hours trying to twist that around but ultimately could never figure out how to make the R vary with respect to time, since D (the variable I want to get out) is DeltaR.
Answer: The answer is: Solve Newton's second law.
Really, $\vec F = m\vec a$ is meant to be a second-order differential equation, with the force dependent on position (and, sometimes, time). Writing it as
$$ \vec F(\vec x,t) = m \frac{\mathrm{d}^2\vec x}{\mathrm{d}t^2}$$
makes manifest that the distance travelled by something, is, in general, the solution $\vec x(t)$ of this differential equation, which may or may not be analytically solvable.


What current should I choose in bench top DC power supply?

Question: Most of the time while I'm doing my university projects, I find that only voltage requirements are given for building a circuit, and how much current I should supply from a bench-top DC power supply is not given. Normally, if we require 5V supply, we set the current to some small non-zero value only ,like it's not important. So I'm wondering if anyone knows the importance of which current to set.
Answer: The answer to this depends on the load of the Power Supply (PS).
If you feed chips (gates, sensors, etc.) you must provide the nominal voltage, which is given by the manufacturer. In this case, the current that the circuit draws is not up to you, but it depends on the circuit impedance. The reason you set the current limiter to some non-zero low value is that you expect that it will draw some small amount of current. If it starts to draw, say 1 A, you have made a wrong connection, so you have a soft or hard short-circuit. In other words, the current limiter is to protect the circuit from a wrong connection and don't burn everything.
But most PSs can provide constant-current (CC). For example you can max out the voltage and turn the current knob to zero. If you connect a LED, by turning slowly the current knob you can feed the LED with 10mA, without any current-limiting resistor. The same goes for a DC motor. You can provide CC to it, so it will always develops the same amount of torque on its axis.
Keep in mind that we can only directly control the voltage. Current can be controlled, but it requires a feedback loop which measures the output current and increases or decreases the output voltage accordingly.
Answer: Usually using a bench-top supply to power a known device that requires a fixed DC voltage is not much different from powering it from a wall-wart, except that you can limit the current to a more reasonable value in case of a short or circuit malfunction. This is very useful when the device is under development. A wrong connection or a short can burn out the device, so you'll need to replace it. The bench-top supply can usually save you this hassle.
To spell out an example, let's say I've made a simple circuit with a MCU and some other minor functionality (e.g. reading a sensor and reporting it via serial). I'll know that the MCU draws 1mA, the sensor is 15mA, so I can dial in 16mA as the limit. To have some headroom, I'll typically set more, e.g. 30mA.
When I turn on the circuit, if the supply says "16mA current draw", then it's all fine. If it says 30mA, then it's "whoops, let's see what I've wired wrong".
If I used a 5V 1A wall-wart, and I've made an error, the device would possibly be fried before I can react.
As thece says, the current-limiting function of the bench-top supply can come in handy for other types of loads, like LEDs, lights, motors or batteries (you can use a bench supply to charge a battery, you have to be careful, but it's easily doable).
Answer: I like the current limiting feature of my bench power supply.  It is a very nice safety feature.  Not for my safety, but for the safety of my circuits devices.  I tend to keep it low.  Usually 30-50mA, and the power supply output voltage display will indicate low when the current limits out as an additional warning that current is being limited.  I can always turn it up if need be but I tend to err on the conservative side of current limiting. FWIW


Can Mach number be greater than 1 if mass flow rate is decreasing?

Question: Here is the mass flow rate equation from the NASA site(enter link description here).

According to this the maximum mass flow occurs at Mach number M = 1, which I can understand. But I can substitute Mach values greater than one (M>1) in the equation, then I get a lower mass flow rate.

I know that in a convergent-divergent nozzle, the Mach number grows greater than 1 in the divergent section as the back pressure at the exit of the nozzle continues to reduce. But here the  mass flow rate continues to remain constant and equal to chocked mass flow rate at the nozzle throat.
Is the equation correct in suggesting that the flow can accelerate past Mach 1 as long as the mass flow is reducing?
Answer: The vertical axis is labeled Normalised Mass Flow Rate ( and the brackets [-] indicates no units). It is the value calculated on the right side of the equation divided by the value of the right side with M = 1. In a convergent-divergent nozzle, the stagnation pressure and temperature ($p_t$ and $T_t$) remain constant (at least for the ideal case) and the mass flow rate remains constant. Therefore, the decrease of the curve above Mach = 1 shows area has to increase to get higher Mach number. If you try to add or remove flow you have to do a whole bunch of other calculations (see Shapiro's The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow (Volume 1)for example.
It took looking in three books to find the equation I wanted to share that clearly shows why the diverging section has supersonic flow (to increase flow speed).
$\frac{dA}{A}=-(1-M^2)\frac{dV}{V}$
where $dA$ is the increase of cross-sectional area, $M$ the Mach number, $dV$ the increase in flow velocity. Found in Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics by Owczarek (c. 1964 International Textbook Company), page 201. If you want a derivation I can add it.
Comment: "Therefore, the decrease of the curve above Mach = 1 shows AREA has to increase to get higher Mach number". If the flow has attained the sonic condition (M=1) at a particular area A then increasing that area will indeed increase the mass flow rate but the increase of area will not increase the Mach number at that area as the flow will be chocked. My question is how to explain the behavior eluded to in the equation when we input M>1.
Answer: As long as the choked flow rate (maximum $\dot{m}$) is achieved at minimum flow area, i.e. the sonic condition is achieved at the nozzle throat, then no downstream changes will alter the fact that the mass flow rate remains constant (steady-state). This is because the flow is supersonic past the nozzle throat and downstream pressure changes will not alter the mass flow rate past the choking point. This is an intrinsic property associated with transonic flow, where the quasilinear PDE changes from elliptic (for $M<1$ ) to hyperbolic ($M>1$), so that downstream pressure perturbations cannot propagate upstream and change the mass flow rate (unchoke the flow).
If flow choking is never attained (i.e. $M =1$ at minimum flow area is not attained), then it is true that as the Mach number increases, the mass flow rate decreases (e.g. supersonic inlet where you vary the inlet Mach number).


Postgresql function lock error

Question: I have a trigger that updates a cache table.
The function executed by the trigger makes two operation: deletes the old cache row and adds a new cache row based on the id with a total
cache table columns: id | total
Because of the high level of server activity I believe that two paralles calls on the function will generate the following situation:

Delete 1
Delete 2
Insert 1
Insert 2 ( this will crash because of the primary key )

Is there any way I can prevent this ? Shouldn't the transaction prevent this ( the implied transaction in a postgresql function )
Answer: you can use a advisory locks. http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.0/interactive/functions-admin.html
<code>BEGIN
  PERFORM pg_advisory_lock(old.id);
  DELETE FROM cache WHERE some_id = old.id;
  INSERT INTO cache SELECT ...;
  PERFORM pg_advisory_unlock(old.id);
  RETURN old.id;
END;
$$ ...
</code>
Pavel
Comment: How about pg_try_advisory_lock_shared ?, also are they safe ? will the second job 'wait' until the first one is finished ?
Comment: You can use a shared lock only when you will only read cache - but if you use a repeated read, then you don't need a lock for reading

Postgresql function lock error


There is a crease on the chin of the person I'm modeling. I am pretty certain its from the mirror and subdivision modifiers

Question: The crease appears after adding the subdivision surface and it is happening at the center where it is mirrored. The mirror modifier is at the top of the list. I have deleted both modifiers and added them back. There are no faces on the inside (on the plane of the mirror). Clipping is enabled on the mirror and the vertices are all the way against the edge. Also the vertices are not doubled stack. I checked all of these because that's what I have found has worked for others but the crease is still there.
Comment: From the way that your topology looks, that sharp change from orange to black means that those vertices are not connected, maybe you have duplicates of that vert in same place or maybe it is wrong face orientation... Try to merge vertices in that spot
Comment: Orange gradient and no sharpness towards the rest of the mesh suggest it's neither normal nor doubles. But I wouldn't trust the clipping too much, perhaps the vertex has negative X, in this case clipping won't move it to 0.
Answer: Put origin at 0; 0; 0:
N for Numbers panel, go to View tab, set 3D cursors coordinates to 0, in Object mode select the object, F3 and search for Origin to 3D cursor.
Remove doubles
A, M, B to Merge by Distance, expand the popup, right click on the distance value, Reset to Default Value. If you still see the artifact, try increasing the value until the artifact disappears, even if it breaks the rest of the mesh, just for debugging purposes - perhaps the double is somewhat far from other vertices but at a "funny angle".
Put vertices on 0 of the mirrored axis
Turn off mirror clipping, in Edit mode Z, W for Wireframe shading, Numpad 1 for Front Orthographic View, ShiftSpace, B for Select Box tool, drag over left-most vertices (those that are supposed to be shared), S, X, 0(zero), Enter to put them all on same x, N for Numbers panel, set median X to 0.
Comment: It turns out it wasn't a double of the vertices. It was an edge that connected two vertices that was barely visible.
Comment: So it was an edge going between two vertices connected to the selected vertex on the screenshot?


FASTCGI Install on Raspberry PI Error - Cannot Manually Build Package

Question: I have searched the internet all weekend and cannot find anyone who has had a similar error.  I am trying to install libapache-mod-factcgi but the package errors out and I cannot figure out why.
pi@applejacks:/tmp $ sudo apt-get source -b libapache2-mod-fastcgi
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Skipping already downloaded file 'libapache-mod-fastcgi_2.4.7~0910052141-1.1+deb8u1.dsc'
Skipping already downloaded file 'libapache-mod-fastcgi_2.4.7~0910052141.orig.tar.gz'
Skipping already downloaded file 'libapache-mod-fastcgi_2.4.7~0910052141-1.1+deb8u1.diff.gz'
Need to get 0 B of source archives.
Skipping unpack of already unpacked source in libapache-mod-fastcgi-2.4.7~0910052141
dpkg-buildpackage: source package libapache-mod-fastcgi
dpkg-buildpackage: source version 2.4.7~0910052141-1.1+deb8u1
dpkg-buildpackage: source distribution jessie
dpkg-buildpackage: source changed by Andreas Beckmann <firstname.lastname@example.com>
dpkg-buildpackage: host architecture armhf
 dpkg-source --before-build libapache-mod-fastcgi-2.4.7~0910052141
 debian/rules clean
dh_listpackages: Please specify the compatibility level in debian/compat
dh_listpackages: Compatibility levels before 5 are no longer supported (level 1 requested)
/usr/share/cdbs/1/rules/dpatch.mk:33: CDBS WARNING:    dpatch.mk is deprecated since 0.4.85 - please use source format 3.0 (quilt) instead
test -x debian/rules
rmdir /tmp/libapache-mod-fastcgi-2.4.7~0910052141/build-tmp
rmdir: failed to remove '/tmp/libapache-mod-fastcgi-2.4.7~0910052141/build-tmp': No such file or directory
/usr/share/cdbs/1/rules/buildcore.mk:46: recipe for target 'cleanbuilddir' failed
make: [cleanbuilddir] Error 1 (ignored)
dh_clean
dh_clean: Please specify the compatibility level in debian/compat
/usr/share/cdbs/1/rules/debhelper.mk:189: recipe for target 'clean' failed
make: *** [clean] Error 2
dpkg-buildpackage: error: debian/rules clean gave error exit status 2
Build command 'cd libapache-mod-fastcgi-2.4.7~0910052141 && dpkg-buildpackage -b -uc' failed.
E: Child process failed

Answer: I'm trying to build Apache2 on RPi also.  These commands got the .deb building for me:
cd libapache-mod-fastcgi-2.4.7~0910052141;
echo 10 > debian/compat;
dpkg-buildpackage -b -uc

Then cd .. to go one level up, then install the package with dpkg -i ./libapache2-mod-fastcgi_2.4.7~0910052141-1.1+deb8u1_armhf.deb
Comment: I replicated this, and can confirm that it works. The only reason I haven't voted on it is because I don't understand exactly why.


What other attacks can be deployed using IP spoofing other than DoS(and DDoS) attacks ?

Question: I want to know the other attacks which are associated with IP spoofing because, we're trying to implement Source Address Validation (SAVA) and wanted to where else can Source Address validation techniques can be used?
This is for a Project purpose and any recent references/suggestions will be very helpful.
Comment: A short look at [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address_spoofing) would tell you that it can also be used to defeat IP based authentication. I recommend that you  do more research by your own first.
Answer: The two major attack vectors that spring to mind are Non-Blind and Blind spoofing, which make use of spoofed IP's and TCP to take control of a IP/TCP session. Although the Non-Blind attack in particular may not be prevented by Source address validation.
When on the same subnet as an attacker, hijacking of a legitimate TCP connection is possible by sniffing the sequence and acknowledgement numbers of the TCP segments. By spoofing the target IP and corrupting the data stream, the session can be re-established by the attacker with the spoofed IP and sniffed the seq and ack numbers, thus hijacking the session. This is known as Non-Blind Spoofing
There is also an attack known as Blind Spoofing that is more sophisticated an only likely to be possible on legacy systems. This attack can be used when the sequence and acknowledgement numbers are unreachable by the attacker. By sampling packets sent to the target an attacker could predict the acknowledgement and sequence numbers, and thus hijack the TCP session. Modern implementations of the TCP protocol however use random sequence number generators making this attack vector unlikely to succeed.


What did the Yuuzhan Vong use for doors?

Question: Wookieepedia has again turned up empty. I know it's some kind of membrane thing that acts by expanding and contracting a hole. Does anyone know what it's called?
Comment: whatever it is, I hope it doesn't hit them on the way out
Answer: Are you looking for "hatch sphincter"?  It's a semi-independent biot used to create a seal in another structure, IIRC.  Quoting from New Jedi Order: The Unifying Force:

The five of them hurried down the angled ramp and through the slowly sealing breach the concussion missiles had blown in the thick hatch sphincter. The hideously torn membrane opened onto a vast, dimly lit cavern of yorik coral.
New Jedi Order: The Unifying Force, Chapter 37

But not all doors are independent biots; lots of building-type organisms have their own internal membranes that can act like doors, but which are part of the building itself.  For example, quoting the description of a damutek:

Intruders that entered the giant plant had to contend with membranes that closed their pathways as well as a poisonous gas that was emitted by the structure-sized organism. Certain individuals, however, managed to gain entry by calling out the password when touching the door organisms.

(Emphasis mine)
Comment: That's starting to sound correct. I'm not completely convinced so I'll give it 24 more  hours or so before accepting. I think hatch sphincter is what I'm looking for; whatever was used on the inside of the capital and world ships. I am a little worried that only 2 books were listed in the appearances section, so I may be looking for something else.


Find the equation of the line with passes through the point $(t,at^{2}+bt + c)$and intersects with $f(x) = x^{2}+1$ only once.

Question: So we have that $a=1$, $b=0$, $c=1$, so our point reduces to $(t,t^{2}+1)$. Plugging that into the general equation for a line we have $t^{2}+ 1 = mt + b$ where $m$ is the slope and $b$ is the $y$-intercept.  So we need this line to intersect $f$ once. Setting the graph of $f$ and the line equal to each other we have $t^{2}+ 1 - b + mt = t^{2}+1$. Hence $t = \frac{b}{m}$.  So plugging into the given point we have $(\frac{b}{m},(\frac{b}{m})^{2}+1)$.  Plugging that into the line we have $\frac{b^{2}}{m^{2}}+1=\frac{b}{m}m+b$.  So $\frac{b^{2}}{m^{2}} - 2b + 1 = 0$.  Thus $b = \frac{2 \pm \sqrt{4 - 4(\frac{1}{m^{2}})}}{\frac{2}{m^{2}}}$. I feel like I am going in circles with this one. Does anyone have a suggestion that would make this easier?
Comment: Is this the entire question? 'Cause there are an infinite number of solutions. For example, no matter what $a$, $b$, and $c$ are, the line $x=t$ satisfies the stated requirement.
Answer: I would utilize the result that a non-vertical line will intersect the graph of $f(x)=x^2+1$ only once, exactly when the line is tangent to the graph of $f$. You can try to prove this.
It doesn't say so in your question that the point $(t,at^2+bt+c)$ is a point on the graph of $f$, but from what you write in your post, this seems to be the case, and that we can let  $a=1$, $b=0$, and $c=1$.
Also, it doesn't say so in your post whether the line is non-vertical or not, but I assume that this is what is meant.
Since the line is tangent to the graph at the point $(t,t^2+1)$, the slope of the line must be equal to the slope of the function at this point. This slope is $2t$, so if the line is given by $mx+b$, then $m=2t$. Then you can plug the point $(t,t^2+1)$ into the equation $y=(2t)x+b$ for the line to obtain $b$.
Comment: Plugging that point in we get $t^{2}+ 1 = 2t^{2} + b$. So $b = -t^{2} + 1$.  Thus the line is $y = 2tx - t^{2} + 1$.  I dont know if that is right.
Comment: I agree with this @Tim
Comment: Thanks.  I caved in and emailed the professor I TA for.  This is for a precalc class and I couldnt figure it out without using calc either.  Oh well..gotta grade these finals!!!
Comment: @Tim, sure. It would be interesting to know what the intended solution was.
Comment: Answer posted above
Answer: So here is the answer:
The point $(t,t^{2}+1)$ lies on the graph $f(x) = x^{2}+1$ and we need to find the line that passes through this point and intersects with the graph only once.  So we can precede as follows:
The line in question is $y = kx+b$.  To find the slope we have $ k = \frac{t^{2}+1-y}{t - x}$.  We have substitue $y=x^{2}+1$ to attain $k=\frac{t^{2}-x^{2}}{t - x}$, which becomes $x^{2}-kx-t^{2}+kt=0$.  We now need to solve for $k$ so that $x$ will only have one solution.  This means that the slope we attain will ensure that our line will be tangent to $f$.  So we have $x= \frac{k \pm \sqrt{k^{2}- 4(-t^{2}+kt)}}{2}$.  We need to set everything in the square root equal to zero for $x$ to have only one solution.  Thus $k^{2}-4kt+4t^{2}=0$. So this becomes $(k-2t)^{2}=0$, hence $k=2t$.
So plugging this into our line with the given point we have $t^{2}+1=2t(t) + b$.  Solving for $b$ we see that $b=-t^{2}+1$.  Thus our line in question which is tangent to $f$ at the given point is $y = 2tx-t^{2}+1$.


How to place one region below the other while reducing the width in drupal 7?

Question: Currently, I am creating a single page responsive website in Drupal 7. After making the page responsive, I added a block with two regions: about us and ethics side by side that is in two columns. When reducing the browser width, the content still remains in two columns!!! I want the region about us to be below ethics, but I am not aware how to do it!! Can anyone guide me with the aforestated question.
Answer: You can either use float:left on both elements with fixed widths that will automatically stack when the page width is reduced enough.
Or use a CSS media query to make the regions adapt once a certain screen width is reached.
HTML:

CONTENT1

CONTENT2

CSS:
.container {width:100%}
.region1 {width:50%}
.region2 {width:50%}

@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {

.region1 {width:100%}
.region2 {width:100%}

}

Comment: Glad to help :)


sql server 2016 sp1 to sp2 with latest cumulative

Question: I inherited an SQL Server 2016 SP1. I am not a DBA and work at a small company where we do not have a test environment. I know that I need to install the SP2 first.  Do I then install the last cumulative?  Are there any tools that would help me check what issues may come up after this update.
Answer:
Do I then install the last cumulative?

Yes, you should install the latest cumulative update.  Some folks would advise to install the "next to latest" version.  Since the latest one just came out 2 days ago at the time of this writing, it might be prudent to wait and see if any issues arise before going there.

Are there any tools that would help me check what issues may come up after this update.

There's not a tool I'm aware of.  You basically need to go through the KB articles for each update if you want to see what's included.  And check the KB for the CU you're installing specifically to see if there are any "known issues" with that version.  Here are the KB articles for SQL Server 2016 releases: SQL Server 2016 build versions
You can also follow the SQL Server blog, which will notify you of new releases, and also if there are significant issues with a release or if one gets pulled back entirely.
Comment: Sorry - I think I added my comment as an answer.
Comment: I did go through all the KB articles and the only thing that I thought might affect our instance is the Report Server security fixes. I also ran into this article about CU16. https://www.sql.kiwi/2021/03/spools-batch-mode-hp.html. So as you advise, I will wait a bit before doing this update. Thank you Josh for your quick and thorough answer.
Comment: @wrightke No worries, glad it helped.  FYI you can delete the answer by clicking the delete link underneath it.


Why did Moshe insist on killing the Midianite babies?

Question: After the Midianites enticed the Israelites to fornicate and worship their false deity (Baal of Peor), Moshe launched a surprise attack and slaughtered all the adults, but the warriors left the children alive, and this angered Moshe. Why did Moshe get so upset? Is there a general principle that says one must kill the male babies?
Comment: Welcome to Mi Yodeya, TK770, and i hope you enjoy it here. Just one thing about your question - would you mind [edit]ing where in the Torah this incident is recorded, for the benefit of others reading the question?
Comment: My assumption is that the prophetic instructions were such that, in the instance, he felt that they should have known it was not a divine commandment limited to the culpable adults, but to anyone who would share the national character (i.e. against the *nation*, not just the individuals). I don't think there's a general rule since I don't think we're generally at war with Midian.
Comment: Parshas matos, shlishi. That's the source. Looking at it now...
Comment: I was planning to ask this question when we got to Matos.
Comment: Would like to add, why did Moshe insist killing *all* the Midianite, [Or Hachaim, Pinhas 15](http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=38294&st=&pgnum=84&hilite=) mentions there was only one there, the rest were afraid to intice Bnei Israel.
Answer: Yes, It is a general principle in a milchemes-mitzva, a holy war, that one should wipe out the males, since it is presumed that they will grow up and take vengeance for the genocide of their parents. See the tract Toras Hamelech by Rabbi Ginsburg. As for the non-virginal women, it is not clear why they had to be killed. Perhaps it was unclear whether they might be in the early stages of pregnancy.
Answer: Moshe's command was to spare the maidens, (Bamidbar 31:18) but not the males. Since Moshe was an accepted prophet, there is a positive mitzvah to heed his words.
The Gemara also brings up the idea (although it is not accepted) that a female convert 3 years and younger can marry a Kohen. Perhaps that has something to do with it?
And our King David left no man, woman, or child alive on various occasions. This may have been in a similar vein to the precedent set by Moshe, (e.g. everyone dies except the maidens/yafos toar etc.)
Comment: We don't paskin like that opinion. Any convert cannot marry a Kohein.


If I use the Shapechange spell to turn into a phoenix, can I use its legendary resistances to pass Con saves to maintain concentration?

Question: I've been trying to make use of the Shapechange spell as a 9th-level spell with a Druid class, but concentration seems to be a major issue.
Say I transform into a Phoenix, can I use its 3 Legendary Resistances to automatically succeed in a damaging saving throw three times to prolong the form?
This would make Shapechange viable for melee characters for at least a slightly longer period than a single turn.
Comment: Oh, and Welcome to RPG.SE! Take the [tour] if you haven't already and see the [help] or ask us here in the comments (use @ to ping someone) if you need more guidance. Good Luck and Happy Gaming!
Comment: We've marked your question as a dupe because we think it has been asked before. This isn't a bad thing as this question might help others find those. If those questions doesn't answer it for you, please clarify for us how and why, and we'll see what needs to be done to help you.
Answer: Legendary Resistances are available to you while Shape Changed
The appropriate part of the spell description says:

Your game Statistics are replaced by the Statistics of the chosen creature, though you retain your Alignment and Intelligence, Wisdom, and Charisma scores You also retain all of your skill and saving throw Proficiencies, in addition to gaining those of the creature, If the creature has the same proficiency as you, and the bonus listed in its Statistics is higher than yours, use the creature's bonus in place of yours. You can't use any legendary Actions or Lair Actions of the new form.

Legendary resistances are not mentioned anywhere as being unavailable or altered in anyway.
This is backed up by a (unofficial Tweet) tweet from Jeremy Crawford:

So you get Legendary Resistances?...

No rule says you don't.


Are dedicated response boxes really better in precision than regular keyboards?

Question: There are various (very pricey) commercial response boxes or pads (perhaps most notably Cedrus) that purportedly offer higher precision than regular keyboards. (Note that my question focuses on precision, not on accuracy, though similar doubt applies to the latter too.) However, I cannot find any study (peer-reviewed or not) that verifies this. Instead, I find studies that show that regular keyboards are very precise anyway (e.g. this, showing max 3-4 ms standard deviation). In any case, is there any actual evidence out there for better precision with dedicated commercial hardware?
Comment: In the type of tests I usually use, an individual's SD for the responses for the same item is ca. 50-100 ms, so compared to that, 2-4 ms is nothing. Anyway, this does not even really matter much for my main question (i.e., whether dedicated hardware is really better).
Comment: I'm not familiar with those particular products or what is considered "good enough" in the field, but 3-4ms SD sounds like terrible precision for many RT tasks.
Comment: @gaspar stuff in the millisecond range like you mention may be seriously affected as well. When it's about seconds, I wouldn't worry. See my answer below.
Answer: Short answer
It all depends on what you wish to measure; if you are after measurements where a few milliseconds matter, response boxes are the way to go.
Background
RT measurements are finicky; USB peripherals add polling latencies to your recorded response times. This can add unacceptable latencies (8 ms or so) to RT estimates. Apart from this effect on accuracy, graphics latencies in visual tasks, or syncing issues in auditory-visual tasks can seriously mess up the stimulus timing. Further, first-time calling of MATLAB commands are notoriously sluggish and they may add unacceptable latencies to the first trial. MATLAB in general is also notoriously bad in controlling exact stimulus timing; it's simply not designed for this type of experiment.
Windows in general is a platform not suited well for real-time operations, because it maintains its own agenda in terms of which process is run first in the cue, this may be virus scanning, updating, or your reaction time experiment. Since different operations in the queue may add different delays in your experiment, trial-to-trial errors are introduced with variable magnitudes, messing up your precision. Mac OS is better, and Linux beats them both in terms of exact timing control.
The Psychophysics Toolbox help site and associated user forum have a wealth of information on these things.
Response boxes solve these issues, because the time stamping is controlled by the hardware inside the box, taking the load of all the timing processes away from the pc. This substantially reduces latencies (hence improving accuracy) and takes away much of the variability as well (hence improving precision).
But everything depends on the type of reaction time you are after. Are you interested in millisecond-range responses (standard react as-fast-as-you-can tasks), or do a few seconds more or less not matter (tasks where subjects get the time to make a cognitively evaluated choice)? In the former, response boxes are the way to go, in the latter it all really doesn't matter and a keyboard or a mouse will do the job just fine.
Comment: Okay, this is the theory and the vendors' typical claim for superiority, but again empirical evidence is missing.
Comment: @gaspar - look at the site of PTB-3 linked in my answer - it's hosted by Mario Kleiner, a giant in the field who dedicates much of his time into the project. Most of this stuff is not published in the peer-reviewed literature, although Mario has several publications if I remember correctly. The PTB-3 forum contains a wealth of infoirmation.


Does SOC band structure calculations require higher number of k-grids?

Question: In so many papers I see that they carry out soc band structure calculations with much higher kgrid than used for the geometry optimization. Whats the logic behind that?
Answer: Without knowing the specifics of the paper, I can give some general advice.  It tends to be the other way around, geometry optimization tends to not require as fine of a kgrid and often it is reduced for computational savings.
Fine kgrids are generally speaking required for accurate electronic structure properties, while geometries tend to converge to the accuracy needed even with fairly coarse kgrids.  It is also worth noting that with particularly large unit cells, you can get away with using just the gamma point for geometries sometimes but this would leave you with no band structure.  Band structures often require a larger number of kpoints because you are tracing paths between high symmetry points in the Brillouin zone.  This will be largely independent of cell size unless you use some sort of band unfolding procedure.
Maybe someone else can speak about your exact question, but I suspect this increase in kpoints is not directly related to SOC band structure calculations.
Comment: I completely agree. Infact, when you perform a calculation with SOC turned on, you can just use a k-mesh from the SCF calculation without SOC. This is assuming of course, that one has tested the convergence for the SCF calculation.
Answer: I can't understand what your logic is. The geometry optimization will use uniform k-mesh and the band calculation with SOC will use in general use the line-mode to plot the eigenvalue along the assigned k-path.
Due to the band calculation is a post-process, you of course can use a denser uniform k-mesh to plot smooth 3D band structure based on your previous converged self-consistent calculation with a suitable uniform k-mesh. Are you asking this?
Maybe you should link a paper to explain in detail your question.


Is there a canonical database of theorems?

Question: Does a (public) database of theorems exist, as integer sequences are cataloged in the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS)?
Comment: Wikipedia or Wolfram MathWorld are, somehow.
Comment: Wikipedia's [List of theorems](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_theorems) seems a good start.
Answer: The Metamath Proof Explorer "... has over 12,000 completely worked out proofs ..." [1] accessible via an indexed theorem list. [2]  Each theorem has a corresponding unique label.
The main Metamath page describes the project, the Metamath language, and programs and databases available for use. [3]  The Metamath proofs are mechanical, and may or may not be useful because of their tedium and lack of insight.
An alternative to Metamath is Ghilbert [4], which looks much nicer.  For example, contrast the Ghilbert proof of Euclid's Theorem [5] with the Metamath proof of infinitely many primes. [6]  Unfortunately, Ghilbert does not seem to have an indexed database of theorems like Metamath does.
Some ad hoc lists of theorems that do not include canonical identifiers are:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_theorems
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_proofs
http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/math/geometry/GPB/theorems.htm

The Cut the Knot and Wolfram Mathworld web sites are worth mentioning, if only because they have extensive collections of mathematical resources, many theorems included.
The following is a list of some related answers on math.SE. However, these answers did not address a canonical indexing of the theorems.

The most common theorems taught in Abstract Algebra
Does anybody know of a site that has a set of all theorems?

References:

[1] http://us.metamath.org/mpegif/mmset.html#overview
[2] http://us.metamath.org/mpegif/mmtheorems.html (inline GIF images) and http://us.metamath.org/mpeuni/mmtheorems.html (unicode)
[3] http://us.metamath.org/
[4] http://ghilbert-app.appspot.com/
[5] http://ghilbert-app.appspot.com/edit/peano/peano_thms.gh/euclidthm
[6] http://us.metamath.org/mpegif/mmtheorems99.html#mm9884s
Answer: I might also add that ProofWiki is a community project to do such, complete with proofs.


Disable encryption on android nougat greyed out

Question: I updated my Lenovo k6 power to android nougat after reset it automatically encrypts device
Comment: What's your question?
Comment: Maybe your OEM doesn't want you to disable encryption. Or set up a lock screen password, and then try it (I saw somewhere that it worked a long time ago, a Reddit post IIRC)
Comment: Why do you want to disable encryption? Anyhow, you need to find a compatible kernel for your device which disables forced encryption on boot and then flash it, do factory reset and you're good to go. // I can't help with how to find that kernel or how to flash it. That's your job. :-) // You can alternatively edit your stock kernel's image ([e.g.](https://forum.xda-developers.com/moto-z/development/disable-stock-kernals-force-encrypt-t3467742)).
Comment: Fewer CPU operations should mean a longer lasting battery charge and consequently total battery life. Besides, in my case, it would have been nice if they had asked first.
Answer: Well, that happened to me too (but on samsung galaxy S7) and it seems like that is an new security option and I disabled it by unchecking the ask for password before booting in the setup. I didnt ever heard of a way to disable encryption without resetting.
Comment: If i reset my device it forces encryption by default without any pin
Comment: I did that (KNOX is tripped now)Developer Settings>OEM lock off>rooted maybe thats the difference I also reinstalled the stock rom and pressed than volume down + power off when a blue screen appeared with the erasing sign. But to be honest I dont know and when I press encrypt it reboots and im still unencrypted so it may be the root process. (i flashed CF auto root)
Comment: Thnx for the help


Is it okay to eat meat from big industrial farms where animals are treated very poorly?

Question: The animals in big industrial farms are treated very poorly. What is the Islamic view on this area, and is it OK to eat these products?
Answer: In islam, all animals worship Allah and praise him, even if this praise is not known to human. Generally, a Mulsim should be kind to animals and any living (non-harmful) creature.
While the Prophet (PBUH) was with a companion of his, they entered a garden. The prophet saw a camel which came closer and started crying with tears. The prophet asked about his owner, and talked to him and blamed him for his cruelty against the camel. [Hadith Narrated by Abu-Dawood, certified by Al-Albany]
And there are more hadiths similar to that one.
Regarding the products from farmers who mistreat their animals, they do not become haram for their cruelty, the sin does not propagate. If their products are Halal, then it is still Halal, and they get the sin of their animals mistreating. If you can find similar products from farmers who honor animal rights, I think this is preferable.
Comment: By buying mistreated animals you are supporting the act of cruelty therefore embracing the sin, please support your answer with references.
Comment: Originally, every thing is not Haram, unless there's a Hadith/Quran stating so. People normally buy goods not to support its producers, but to fulfil their needs. This is not considered "supporting cruelty" nor "freeing the animals from cruelty".


How Pppoe subscriber with static ip sends ipcp request

Question: How a pppoe subscriber with static ip sends ipcp configure request.  For dhcp the subscriber can include 0.0.0.0 in configure request of ipcp packet and obtain its ip from remote server. But in static ip case, will it work only if subcriber always sends its fixed ip?  Can ipcp support static ip like dhcp?
Comment: Depends on the ISP setup. Some will always return the static address no matter what you ask for -- zero or the actual address. Others will only return the static if asked for. (Bellsouth used to require `%static` on the username to activate one's static address)
Comment: Did any answer help you? If so, you should accept the answer so that the question doesn't keep popping up forever, looking for an answer. Alternatively, you can provide and accept your own answer.
Answer: IPCP for PPPoE is the same as with serial PPP - check RFC 1332.
A peer sends a Configure-Request (type 3) containing the desired IP address which the other side then either Configure-Acks or Configure-Naks. The address 0.0.0.0 requests any address.


Handling Internationalization using Hibernate

Question: we are working on a travelling portal which is going to be in place for all major locales and currently using Struts2+Spring+Hibernate as core platforms.
for handling localization for static contents like labels and other things we can easily achieve with the build in support of Struts2 using resource bundles.
but when it comes for the dynamic contents like we have a destination and it is going to have a lot of dynamic contents like its descriptions,places of interests etc.
since this data can be quite large and we can not solve this problem with resource bundle so there needs some way to store this data in the database and fetch the respected coronets based on the locale information.
My question is how best we can do this with hibernate? currently we have only one table for destination which is containing major information about the destination and all other information about related to Destination is in there respective tables,so its not seems good idea to create columns in each table for each locale since we in advance do not know how many more locales can be added in future so idea is to come up with a generic or a more flexible solution.
Any suggestion/help in this regard will be much appreciated
edit1
After doing some analysis all i came to conclusion that we can achieve the above objective using Hibernate user type,My question is have any one tried this way..or do any one have achieved the goal by some other way..any suggestion in this case will be helpful.
Answer: Take a look at this answer for internationalization with Hibernate: https://stackoverflow.com/a/7612810/412446


What's best way to secure a database connection string?

Question: I am writing a set of database-driven applications in PHP.  These applications will run on a Linux server as its own user.  Other users will likely be on the system at times, but have very controlled access.  Other servers they will not have access to at all.  I will also expose a limit stored procedure API to developers who need to write Perl scripts that access the database using a DBI and a set of functions I write.
My question is what the best way to secure the config files that have connection strings in them?
Is a different user with [4+]00 permissions on the file sufficient?  Should I encrypt them?  That seems to just shift the problem elsewhere so that I worry about where to store an encryption key.  I realize the Perl developers will need to have a connection string of their own as they will only have execute database permissions.
Comment: is this a command line app, or a web app?
Comment: I think it's safe to assume that PHP == web apps in over 99% of cases.
Comment: It is a legit question.  Parts of the system actually use the CLI.
Answer: If the machine really is being administered in the traditional Unix fashion, where J. Random user isn't off su-ing to root all the time, I'd say that filesystem permissions are your best bet. If someone gets unauthorized root access, no amount of encryption silliness is going to "secure" the connection string.
I'd mark the files w/ the connection string as owned by the "script user" and give them access as you describe.
(Bravo for realizing that encrypting the connection string doesn't buy you anything, in this example. Security through obscurity is counter-productive.)
Comment: Good affirmation of what I was thinking.  I am not going to use sudo at all.  Security makes me crazy sometimes because it can't be perfect.
Answer: Here's a link to a free Apache module that helps to manage access to a password store:
http://uranus.it.swin.edu.au/~jn/linux/php/passwords.htm
It seems a little elaborate to me, and requires you run PHP under mod_php.  And still it doesn't address the possibility that unauthorized people who have access to the server can just read your password file.
I think you have to rely on file permissions, and trust that unauthorized people don't have the ability to sudo to your PHP application UID, or to root.
Answer: My best solution so far has been to store config files in an encrypted partition so that people with direct access to the machine can't pull the passwords off by connecting the drive to another PC, and with file system permissions so people can't read the file from inside the OS itself.
You need to understand, though, that there's not much you can do against an attacker with direct access to the machine. If it's running the database server itself, then securing the config files won't have much effect if he can modify the database itself. Just make sure that everything is as secure as it can be and you'll probably be okay.


The celebrant's position and proximity to the participants

Question: We know that the apostles were present in a face to face relation to Jesus at the Lord's Supper.
When did the celebrants of the later Eucharist turn their backs on the participants, and why? Also when were the elements removed from proximity with the liturgy (or mass) participants, into the separate or remote altar or sanctum, that we observe in the Orthodox and Traditional Latin Rite churches of today?
Answer: The celebrant's position and proximity to the participants?
There is certainly not enough historical evidence to give an exact date on this usage within the Holy celebration of the Mass. It may in fact have come from the Apostles, but we just do not have the proper data at hand.
What is certain, is the fact that this practice existed very early within the Church, along side of the priest saying Mass facing the people.

Catholic Teaching and Liturgical Tradition
First, let's consider what the Church currently teaches about the the priest's orientation at Mass. In September 2000, the Congregation for Divine Worship (CDW) responded to the question whether the General Instruction of the Roman Missal should be read as dictating that the priest must always say Mass versus populum ("facing the people"). In a formal document signed by the prefect and the secretary, the CDW explained that the answer was "no." Priests can also say Mass versus apsidem ("facing the apse," which is the front of the Church). More important, whatever physical direction the priest faces, "his spiritual attitude ought always to be versus Deum per Jesum Christum [toward God through Jesus Christ]" (cf. GIRM, 78).
Second, let's consider the teaching of the Second Vatican Council. Although the Council did not speak about the priest's physical direction at Mass, it did say that what we do in the liturgy is a consequence of who and what we are before God. Since the human body "shares in the dignity of the 'image of God'" (Catechism of the Catholic Church 364), "in the Liturgy the sanctification of the man is signified by signs perceptible to the senses, and is effected in a way which corresponds with each of these signs" (Sacrosanctum Concilium, 7). That action is principally "an exercise of the priestly office of Jesus Christ" before the Father in heaven (Sacrosanctum Concilium, 7), while "in the earthly liturgy we take part in a foretaste of that heavenly liturgy which is celebrated in the holy city of Jerusalem toward which we journey as pilgrims" (Sacrosanctum Concilium, 8).
There are two primary ways in which Christians in their worship in the first centuries of the faith embodied this communal pilgrimage toward heaven:
‐ By facing one another for proclamation and dialogue. The priest in the patristic era faced the people during the Liturgy of the Word (as we now call it) so as to fulfill his role, which was to act in persona Christi, both when proclaiming the gospel to them and during those parts of the Mass when he prays in dialogue with them.
‐ By facing east for the eucharistic prayer. As Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI points out in his book The Spirit of the Liturgy, priests in the patristic era almost universally faced east, the direction of rising sun, during the eucharistic prayer, anticipating thereby the glory of Christ's return to earth. In most churches, this also meant that they faced the apse, with the people. Acting again in persona Christi, priests embodied the fact that Christ the Priest became completely as one of us when he journeyed toward the cross and invited us to follow him. - Cardinal Robert Sarah proposes that the Church recover a piece of its tradition.

At some point in time, the tradition of saying Mass ad orientum became the norm. When this exactly happened is lost to history.
The tradition of facing East is as we see was well established in the Early Church, if not in the Apostolic Era itself.
Here is what the Catholic Encyclopedia has to say on this subject:

Orientation
The custom of praying with faces turned towards the East is probably as old as Christianity. The earliest allusion to it in Christian literature is in the second book of the Apostolic Constitutions (200-250, probably) which prescribes that a church should be oblong "with its head to the East". Tertullian also speaks of churches as erected in "high and open places, and facing the light (Adv. Valent., iii). The reason for this practice, which did not originate with Christianity, was given by St. Gregory of Nyssa (De Orat. Dominic., P.G., XLIV, 1183), is that the Orient is the first home of the human race, the seat of the earthly paradise. In the Middle Ages additional reasons for orientation were given, namely, that Our Lord from the Cross looked towards the West, and from the East He shall come for the Last Judgment (Durand, Rationale, V, 2; St. Thomas, Summa Theologica II-II:84:3). The existence of the custom among pagans is referred to by Clement of Alexandria, who states that their "most ancient temples looked towards the West, that people might be taught to turn to the East when facing the images" (Stromata, vii. 17, 43).

Cardinal Ratzinger held the tradition of facing East in high regard.

Five years before he became Benedict XVI, Joseph Ratzinger wrote that, notwithstanding various liturgical innovations, "one thing has remained clear for the whole of Christendom: praying towards the east is a tradition that goes back to the beginning." As he wrote in The Spirit of the Liturgy:

The common turning toward the east was not a "celebration toward the wall;" it did not mean that the priest "had his back to the people." . . . For just as the congregation in the synagogue looked together toward Jerusalem, so in the Christian liturgy the congregation looked together "toward the Lord." . . . They did not close themselves into a circle; they did not gaze at one another; but as the pilgrim People of God they set off for the Oriens, for the Christ who comes to meet us. - Facing East
Comment: "When this exactly happened is lost to history." Given that it is a (nearly) universal practice among both East and West, it would suggest a fairly early origin, say before the 5th century when the rites began to distinguish themselves

The celebrant’s position and proximity to the participants


Some doubt about the verb "meet"

Question: Recently, I read Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address" and there is a sentence in the speech, which is "We are met on a great battlefield of that war.". And I wonder, Is the use of "meet" in a passive voice here for emphasizing???
Answer: There are a couple of ways to interpret the form here:

Be-perfect - an archaic version of the perfect aspect that uses a form of to be instead of to have.

Stative verb and participle - basically, interpreting meet as a past participle describing the state of the participants.

Be-Perfect
English today forms the perfect aspect with the auxiliary verb to have and a past participle. Often, actions put in present perfect have continued to happen through the present moment:

I have joined you for some tea. (present perfect; for more information, see Wikipedia)

However, in some older texts and higher registers in English, the perfect aspect is formed using the verb to be with a past participle:

He is risen. (This is from the Paschal Greeting; more information in "Is 'He is risen' correct?").

Applying the same thinking, you could read this as a use of perfect aspect that adopts a more austere register, appropriate for identifying that they have now met (or are currently meeting) on a battlefield.
Stative verb
Another possibility is to read the verb as a past participle with a stative verb (to be) describing the present situation. To elaborate on this possibility, I will use the extended context of the surrounding sentences in the Gettysburg Address:

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.

In the first sentence, we are engaged in... could be construed as another be-perfect. However, this is not an archaic usage; engaged as a past participle can also be used to describe a specific state, like a marital engagement ("We're engaged!") or large coordinated efforts ("The US is engaged in a massive effort ..."; "The US is 'engaged in a new era of competition'"; "the front line is the area where each side's forces are engaged in conflict"). So this isn't merely the case of an archaic perfect tense form, but is rather a description of a present state. The Cambridge Dictionary treats this usage of engaged as an adjective, and past participles can function as adjectives in general.
If that is so, then perhaps met can also function as a past participle with a stative verb. Such a usage would be less common, but not unknown (compare well met). Taking the two usages as an example of parallelism, if we are engaged means we are in a state of engagement, then we are met means we are in a state of meeting.
That explanation would also help distinguish why the next sentence is in regular present perfect tense instead of working in parallel with the previous sentence:

We have come [not are come] to dedicate a portion of that field ...

Rather than shifting from one form of present perfect usage to another, this sentence could also draw a contrast from possibly stative uses (the state of the country, the state of those gathered) to an unambiguously active use: we have come. That provides a bridge to the next paragraph and its series of active verbs: "we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground."
The point
Reading the example as a form of present perfect is the standard reading. That is certainly what this sentence diagrammer suggests, for instance. Yet reading it generically as a stative verb + participle is an understandable reaction, especially within the larger context of the paragraph and following the first sentence. That second interpretation would help explain how the paragraph uncoils from establishing the current situation to state the purpose of the people gathered at Gettysburg.

Some doubt about the verb "meet"


Recorder for 2 HDMI Signals into MP4/MKV with 2 Video Tracks

Question: Is there something like the Atomos Ninja V, but with two HDMI inputs and producing MP4 or MKV files with two video tracks? A combination of multiple devices (mixer, recorder) would also be fine.
Comment: What is your question? Please edit your post to clarify.
Answer: FFMPEG takes 2 -i input options (can a capture device) and uses -map to select the input streams then uses -program to define program name and -st to define output streams to a output file. i.e.
<code>!ffmpeg -y -i https://mkvtoolnix.download/samples/vsshort-vorbis-subs.mkv \
-i https://github.com/Matroska-Org/matroska-test-files/raw/master/test_files/test5.mkv \
-map 0:0 -map 0:1 -map 0:2 -map 0:3 \
-map 1:0 -map 1:1 -map 1:2 -map 1:3 -map 1:4 -map 1:5 -map 1:6 -map 1:7 -map 1:8 \
-program title=vsshort-vorbis-subs:st=0:st=1:st=2:st=3 \
-program title=test5:st=4:st=5:st=6:st=7:st=8:st=9:st=10st=11:st=12 \
 -c:s copy mpts.mkv
</code>
Comment: Thanks for pointing me to ffmpeg. Originally, I wanted a hardware recorder. But now I think a computer with ffmpeg will be much more helpful for my application.


Can I get back an exe file from an .Asm formatted file disassembled with IDA?

Question: I actually have a .asm formatted file. This file was certainly obtained by disassembling an original exe file with IDA and then save as an .asm file. Now I have this .asm and I would like to get back the original exe, that I have lost. Unfortunately I cannot upload this .asm file in IDA pro and assemble it. So my question is "how to assemble it again to make an exe as original one ?
Thank for your help. Bye
Answer: As far as assembling .asm file is concerned (assuming you are on windows platform) there are various assembler such a NASM,MASM,FLAT assembler etc. and various others in compilers suite such as GNU GCC Mingw.
But considering above case, as .asm file is generated by IDA, directly assembling it in any assembler program will give you large number of errors. Asm file generated by IDA is easy to understand but difficult to assemble.
However, if the size of asm file is small say 1-3Kb a little effort and knowledge of syntax specific to assembler tool will yield the result provided every instruction was disassembled successfully by IDA. But if the size of file is large then it is a difficult task.
Please also note that sometime IDA assembly can be erroneous such as positive sp detected in that case you have to correct/fix the stack size in assembly file manually.
Moreover, sometimes IDA cannot recognize code and it is left as data in the disassembly which will get reflected in your .asm file, this will generate error when you assemble your file.
Finally, assembling IDA generated .asm file is bad idea, it's better to go through IDA pseudo code and generate a corresponding function.
Comment: I attach this link that however is quite old https://reverseengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/3800/why-there-are-not-any-disassemblers-that-can-generate-re-assemblable-asm-code
Comment: Yes sir,  this link explains pretty much every aspect. Task is tedious but I think once you know what a exe is supposed to do then you can make a program for that. However again size of the exe and how complex is the task are the crux.


Plants that can be carried around?

Question: Right now I am transporting a potted avocado (just potted the seed) from one state to another, and I am finding that I really enjoy carrying around this pot with life growing in it. Are there any species of plants that would readily lend themselves to being grown entirely when one is walking around with them? I assume that such a plant would be hardy, have shallow roots, not be very picky with climate, and be able to fit in a small pot that could be held with one hand, can anyone suggest such suitable species of plants?
Comment: It's not the moving around it's the growing conditions where you are. If this time you have a basement apartment that is dark and next time a sunny place....
Comment: @kevinsky I suspect it's even more - not frequent moves, but the plant version of a lap dog...
Comment: You mean like a fashion acessoire? Or like the Queen tends to be seen with a bouquet of flowers?
Comment: This got out of hand quickly.. Cant a man just enjoy the company of a plant? :(
Comment: Sounds like a troll post to me, especially due to the added comment by @Loonuh
Comment: What you going to do with it when you're asleep? Nonsense question, no plant will like being touted about in anything from freezing weather to heated spaces. Rebutia miniscula might though, they cope with extremes of temperature, and good luck with that...
Comment: I would like to assure everyone that I am being serious, even if this sounds really silly or nonsensical
Comment: Small [catci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cactus) perhaps? +1 for original attitude.
Answer: I would suggest sempervivum tectorum (AKA Hens and Chicks, or Live Forever). It has shallow roots, is hardy, etc. You'll likely need to get some sun once in a while, though. It's an evergreen perennial that withstands frosts, cold, snow and heat well. Most people think it needs lots of sun, but it grows well in outdoor shade, too. It can even live quite a while without soil or water.
Answer: Well, if you really are serious, I'll post my comment as an answer - many plants are good in cold or hot temperatures. What they're not good at is switching between one and the other every few hours, so if, for instance, its a cold winter's day, and you carry your plant out and about with you, then go to an office or a home which is heated, and you do this on a continual basis, the transition shock to the plant is extreme. Or in reverse - extreme heat outdoors, air con set on cold indoors.
Therefore, about the only plant that might (and its only might) withstand this treatment for a period of time would be a desert type cactus - as it needs to be small, something like Rebutia miniscula.

Plants that can be carried around?


what can impact windows performance besides Page File Usage, Available Physical memory and CPU usage?

Question: Usually if windows is running slow (e.g. takes 7 seconds to open an explorer folder when it is usually sub-second), I identify that something chewing up memory or CPU.  However, sometimes both are very low and the computer is still slow.  In these circumstances, windows behaves like it is waiting for some slow message to get back before it will release reserved CPU to other processes and troubleshooting has proven tricky.  I've seen this behavior on multiple computers not just one and am not sure how to troubleshoot it.  Right now, I typically open task manager:

click on the processes tab. see if a is spiking the memory, cpu, i/o
spotcheck performance and networking tabs, but don't usually
find anything.

When I don't find anything useful in memory/cpu where else should I look?
Thanks.
Comment: Actually, Windows *is* waiting for a slow message to get back - the data off of your hard drive, which is always the bottleneck of any computer system these days.
Comment: Just FYI, there is no such thing as "reserved CPU".
Answer: Chances are that if your CPU utilization is low and your memory doesn't look like its under pressure, that your performance problems are most likely related to IO - either disk or network.
When you try, for example, to open Windows Explorer you may see it stall for several seconds at a time while it waits for the IO requests it sends to your hard-drive and/or network to complete.
An easy way to get a better picture of your machine's performance when running Windows 7/Vista, open Task Manager and then hit "Resource Monitor" underneath the CPU and memory graph. This will allow you to see your CPU, Memory, Disk and Network utilization and will allow you to drill into the apps running on your machine to determine which is causing unexpectedly high CPU/memory/disk/network utilization.
TechRepublic has a pretty good walk-through Resource Monitor.
If you're running XP (or before), you can get the same information found in Resource Monitor, but you'll have to use Performance Monitor and add a number of counters for Disk IO queue length, network bytes read/written, etc.


Is there a way of listening to your podcasts at a faster speed in itunes 10.5

Question: I have a backlog of all my favourite podcasts and i was wondering if I could speed up the rate at which they play to say 1.5 or 2.0 of the normal speed
Answer: This feature is not available in iTunes, but you can choose the playback speed on the iPod or iPhone. By playing it there and synchronizing back to iTunes, it will mark your backlog items as played.
Answer: If this podcast was created by you (or you have the audio file), you could try to use Audacity. Here's their description:

Audacity is an easy-to-use, multi-track audio editor and recorder for
  Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux and other operating systems. Developed by
  a group of volunteers as open source.

Basically, download it, and then drag your file into the main window. Then select track > Cmd+A > Effect (menu) > Change temp (not rate) > Check Use high quality stretching (slow) > Adjust your rate > click okay. Then, export it (File > Save other). Chose your desired filetype, etc. Drag the file back into iTunes.
You'll also need to change the track back to a podcast, so right click it > cmd+i > Options > media kind > Podcast. It'll now be in your podcast folder.


Strict exogeneity is violated: consequences

Question: What are the consequences for the OLS  estimator when weak exogeneity holds but strict exogeneity does not? Thank you.
Answer: Keeping aside other assumptions. If strict exogeneity hold the OLS parameter are unbiased and consistent. If weak form hold, but not strict, the OLS parameters are consistent but not unbiased. However pay attention about the fact that exogeneity is a causal concept. About the last point read here:  Strict exogeneity and lagged variables


Checkout latest version of a file

Question: How can I checkout the latest version of a particular file from the remote branch?
Comment: You cannot check out single files with git. Just cloning the repository should give you access to any version of the file though.
Answer: First make sure get the latest version, type git fetch.
Then you can use git checkout origin/master <file_name>. (Assume you want the file in master branch)
Answer: Checkout the latest committed version of a file, locally:
git checkout file.txt

Or if you need the latest remote version of a file. I believe this fetches all remote branches, but you'll be on master locally.
git checkout master
git fetch

See all versions of file.txt:
git log --oneline --branches file.txt

The latest version of file.txt could be on a branch besides master. Since git log file.txt only searches the current branch, I added --branches. If the latest version was on another branch, then checkout that branch. Or checkout the id of the individual commit you want, like git checkout f823772.
With git log you can also specifiy --remotes=somewhere which might be helpful too.

Checkout latest version of a file


Can we create an ethereum address with a public key of my choice?

Question: We suppose that I have a private key I used to sign my data with it before the comming of ethereum.
is't possible to create an ethereum address based on my existent public key ?
Answer:
Can we create an ethereum address with a public key of my choice?

Yes, but...
An Ethereum private key is just 256 random bits. You can generate those 256 bits in any way you like, including seeding it from an existing key (which is just a source of entropy).
If the key you already have isn't a 256-bit number, you'll either need to create a 256-bit representation of it (using a hash function), or find another way to deterministically map your existing key to those 256 bits. (e.g. If the key is greater than 256 bits, just truncate it to 256 bits, etc.)
Note that in your question title you said public key. If you're using your existing public key to seed your new Ethereum private key, you'd better ensure that your mapping from public key -> 256-bit seed is difficult for an attacker to work out. (Because your existing public key is public... )
(If what you're actually asking is "I have an existing key pair, can I use it in Ethereum?", then the answer is probably not. Unless it uses the exact same hashing functions and elliptic curve.)
You can then feed the resulting key into a (Ethereum-based) tool of your choice to create a public key (via ECDSA) and address (the last 20 bytes of a keccak256() hash of the X/Y coordinates of the public key).

See: How are ethereum addresses generated?
See: Graphical Ethereum Address (though it seems not to be HTTPS anymore... )
Answer: You can create a private key and can create ethereum address using that. For more details, refer: https://docs.ethers.io/ethers.js/html/api-wallet.html
Hope it helps!
Comment: I already have a private  key since 2014. I want use it to create an ethereum wallet is't possible ?
Comment: you can import that private key in any existing wallet like Myetherwallet
Answer: Address is the last 20 bytes of the hash of your public key.
In Ethereum, Your private key and public key are used to sign and verify.
In interactions you are only using your private key and address but internally Ethereum keeps using them to validate transactions.
Comment: you didn't answer my question


Deb64 dependency cannot be installed in any ARM32 OS. Any trick to circumvent?

Question: I am trying to use a chromium extension that requires a .deb (64) file to be installed.
I know that it got a different system target, but the developer didn't made a version for ARM based systems.
And I wonder if there would be any manner to circumvent the problem, since the extension is vital for the use I have in mind.
When I try to install manually, the system asks for lib6. But I already installed all possible lib6 dependencies, and Raspberry OS (32) keeps asking for it.
Comment: you could compile the package you require from source
Answer: "Deb64" is not a real thing.  I presume you mean amd64, which is the debian tag used for what would more commonly be considered x86-64, the Intel/AMD 64-bit ISA (sometimes shortened to x64).
Presuming this extension is closed source, it could be that the developer just refers to the package that way to indicate a linux viable version.
There is also in this context arm64, which is the 64-bit ARM ISA (sometimes referred to as "aarch64").  This is viable on a Pi 3 or 4 running a 64-bit OS.  There is a beta 64-bit RpiOS available and it seems to be fine. I have been using it for a while now with no issues, albeit headlessly -- so, I have not tried chromium, but I am sure we would have seen gripes about that here if there were a problem.  There are other arm64 distros available for the pi as well.
However, x64 and arm64 are not compatible. You cannot convert binary ISAs, and there is no way to run x64 stuff on any model of Pi, so most likely you are out of luck.  If there is an arm64 version you could try that.  If the
source code is available, it could possibly be compiled to that.