Please help understand how a household electrical component works in context of step down voltage and ampere?

Question: I will try to ask as intelligibly as possible, please bear with me.
I understood that P = VI which is the power to be transmitted, and V = IR is a voltage loss which must be overcome by transmitting at high voltage and low current.
Now, a transformer works on the principle that it transforms power (ideally with no loss) from one circuit to another. So, a circuit with 10000V and xA will convert to 230V and yA, to retain the same amount of power transmitted.
The real questions:
1] How do two different rated components work from the same line? Eg a 100W bulb and a 40W fluorescent tube?
2] A mobile phone charger uses only 5V and provides a low current to charge the phone. But it has a transformer to step down the voltage from 230V to 5V. Does that not increase the current as per P = VI and transformer principle V1I1 = V2I2?
3] With the understanding that somehow the current passing is decreased as well as the voltage in a mobile charger, where does the extra power go if it is not transmitted to the phone?
Comment: Devices draw power, rather than it being "pushed". A circuit with xA rating is a *maximum*.
Comment: for your first question, P = V*I so what does change for a 100W bulb and a 40W tube when they have the same V? So how can the circuit look like?
Comment: Your mobile phone may take 1A at 5V from the charger. Using the transformer principle, (which works in both directions) you can see that it takes a tiny fraction of 1A from the 230V supply.
Comment: @BrianDrummond: My question, how does a ...component "choose" to take a tiny fraction of y Amps at 230V. What controls the current flowing into different components?
Comment: @pjc50: So, if devices draw power rather than it being pushed, then what happens to the "energy" on the main line that is being continuously transmitted from the powerplant? Because a powerplant is ideally always generating electricity, and putting it out on the line, so if there happens an excess of supply for a city, what happens to the excess energy?
Comment: Powerplants have to be turned up and down to match demand. Quite a complex process especially when there's a power"market". You can watch it live at http://www.gridwatch.templar.co.uk
Comment: What controls the current into your device (given a fixed supply voltage)? Its resistance, thanks to Ohm's Law. If the device can "choose" (a lamp bulb can't, a phone charger can) then it can dynamically vary its resistance - increasing it to minimise wasted power when the phone is charged.
Answer: I'm going to offer a slightly different tack than the other responses, as you already have enough there to work from. And perhaps a different approach might also help a little. (Or make things worse.)
You may not understand the difference between having the capacity to do something doesn't mean you are actually doing that something. You might have the capacity to lift 100lbs, but that doesn't mean you are always in the process of lifting 100lbs. You might be lifting only 1lb, at the moment.
You bring up a transformer almost immediately. So, let's take that. Buying and using a transformer that has the capacity to handle 100W of power, with its primary side designed to accept 117VAC @ 60Hz and its secondary side designed to deliver 12.6VAC @ 60Hz, doesn't mean that it necessary MUST consume 100W of power at the primary and then magically and forcefully deliver 100W of power at the secondary. It merely means that it may be able to deliver up to 100W, if the secondary load requires it. Not that it must do so if the secondary load isn't present or doesn't require it.
Power can be considered, as you noted, the combination of two things: I and V, or amps and volts, multiplied together. This is like the area formed from the two sides of a rectangle, though.
Most practical systems are designed around setting a voltage (one side of that rectangle) and then allowing the other side (current) to be flexible and to adjust itself. The current is compliant to the area requirement, while the voltage is not compliant. So a device is hooked up to a voltage source, which is not compliant, and draws what current it requires, which is only limited by the ability (compliance) of that voltage source. The voltage source will have a current compliance figure, which is a maximum that a device can reasonably require.
A device hooked up to the voltage source may require a certain power. This means a certain area, in effect. The voltage source is fixed and this sets one side of that rectangular area. And to achieve the needed area in the rectangle, as required by the device, the current adjusts itself (assuming that the voltage source is sufficiently compliant to do so) so that the required area (power) is achieved.
Some power supplies may have their power set in stone, too, as well as their voltage. In such cases, they dissipate as heat what isn't used by the device or load, while performing their other job which is to keep the voltage well regulated. Some power supplies adjust their own loading on their own source automatically, so that they don't dissipate so much as they might otherwise have to. (They may also temporarily store some energy inside themselves, holding it for later use a short moment later.)
There are cases where a power supply doesn't regulate the voltage, but instead regulates the current. Certain kinds of welding, such as SMAW, prefer to use constant currents. So the current is regulated (fixed) and the voltage is the compliant value (which must be within the power supply's compliance rating for voltage.) So, while constant current supplies are not as commonly found, they do also exist.
But power is like area in this sense, with voltage as one side and current as the other side of the rectangle.
Reactive components complicate the understanding a little, because they can temporarily store energy in one of two ways: a magnetic field or an electric field. An inductor stores energy in a magnetic field and a capacitor stores it in an electric field. These temporary sources of energy can be added into, or subtracted from, at different times. These can be used to advantage in a circuit. It's even possible to transfer energy between a capacitor (energy stored, showing as a voltage across its terminals) and an inductor (energy stored, showing as a current through its terminals.) And if they were perfectly efficient in transferring energy back and forth, they could keep doing that transfer between them, back and forth, for a very, very long time.
EDIT: I suppose it may help for you to think of voltage as equivalent to the air pressure presented by an air compressor. If it is at 150psi, that's a certain pressure similar to volts. You can now hook up different attachments, in order to use that pressure to do work. Some of these, like an orbital sander, will permit a lot of flow (cubic feet per minute, or CFM) in order to operate the sander correctly. The design of the orbital sander determines the needed CFM compliance of the air compressor system. And in fact, a lot of air compressors won't properly operate an orbital sander continuously because they can't keep up with the CFM required. They don't have the capacity. Think of the CFM as current, here. Then air pressure is like voltage. Different devices will be designed to use different CFM in order to do their work. Ones requiring less CFM will have higher resistance to the pressure they are exposed to. Ones requiring more CFM will have lower resistance to the presented pressure. These resistances are designed into the tool. And they are usually designed to operate with a specific pressure and CFM rating. And you need to purchase an air compressor that can support the CFM rating at the indicated pressure.
I suppose you could imagine also that the operating power, in this scenario, is the air pressure times the CFM being used while operating the tool. The compliance of the air compressor is the average air pressure it can sustain times the sustainable CFM it can simultaneously deliver, if asked. More sustainable CFM (for a given sustained psi, such as 90psi) means a more powerful unit. (And a more expensive one.)
Many air compressor attachments can still work at widely varying pressures, if poorly at times. Electronic circuits usually depend a little more on a specific voltage level, by comparison. But the basic idea generally holds and some electronic devices (such as the charger for my Nikon Nivo 5C Pro, which accepts any AC voltage from 100VAC to 240VAC) can indeed still operate well over a wide power supply voltage range. So perhaps the analogy still holds, even here.
Finally, consider using just a small nozzle to blow sawdust off of your table saw. That nozzle works great at 90psi, just as the orbital sander does. But it uses a lot less CFM. It has more resistance to the pressure and let's far less air escape per unit time. The air compressor has nothing to say about that, too. It is up to the tool to decide.
Comment: In effect, yes. An important way to reduce the average power consumption of a device is to increase its resistance against the voltage pressure applied to it, while at the same time still doing the same designed tasks required of the device when provided access to said voltage. Sometimes, devices just shut themselves off completely and that greatly increases their resistance... for a time. (Like a refrigerator does, by turning on and off, periodically.) In general, and on average, if a device uses fewer watts given access to the same voltage supply, then they have higher average resistance.
Comment: ok this really is helpful, especially the difference of capacity vs actual work. However, I have a secondary question, you mention that devices draw according to their needs, so what determines a need? Why doesn't a 230V line push 230V*yA (y is equivalent of what is transmitted from power plant) of power into a component and blow it up?
Comment: Because voltage is the push, not power. Remember, power is area. Voltage is just the measure of one side. Just because the source supply has the capacity for a certain area, doesn't mean it has any more push (voltage) to achieve it (a longer "voltage" side, let's say.) The loading device can _resist_ that voltage and thereby limit the area being supplied by it.
Comment: so every device has resistance, ok makes sense. So does a CFL (23W) have more resistance than a bulb (100W) to draw less power? Does a 5W mobile charger have even more resistance than a CFL? But a bulb is hotter than all of these... and heat is a measure of resistance. What am I missing? How does a component choose to draw limited power from a line which wants to push more power?
Comment: I'll add a note to my answer that may help a little.
Comment: It's nice to hear that it helped.
Answer: The real questions:
"1] How do two different rated components work from the same line? Eg a 100W bulb and a 40W fluorescent tube?"
------ House hold devices are connected in parallel. So, appliances with variable power rating (100W and 40W in your case) working at 230V would draw different currents (i.e. 100W/230V and 40W/230V in your case respectively).
"2] A mobile phone charger uses only 5V and provides a low current to charge the phone. But it has a transformer to step down the voltage from 230V to 5V. Does that not increase the current as per P = VI and transformer principle V1I1 = V2I2?"
------ A mobile phone charger doesnot have a transformer. It has a regulator instead that converts 230V ac to 5V dc. It depends on the charger rating howmuch can the current be and the battery rating as well how fast it can charge.
"3] With the understanding that somehow the current passing is decreased as well as the voltage in a mobile charger, where does the extra power go if it is not transmitted to the phone?"
------ There is always some loss in any kind of conversion even in charger. But the conversion you are considering is incorrect. The loss depends on the rating of the mobile charger. If the charger rating is 1A, then it can support only 1A of current passing through it. An if this changer is used to charge a 1000mAH battery then it would 1hr to charge it.
Hope it clears your doubt.
Sanat.
Answer:
How do two different rated components work from the same line? Eg a
  100W bulb and a 40W fluorescent tube?

P = V I therefore 100 watts = 230 V x I OR I = 0.435 amps
P = V I therefore 40 watts = 230 V x I OR I = 0.174 amps

A mobile phone charger uses only 5 V and provides a low current to
  charge the phone. But it has a transformer to step down the voltage
  from 230 V to 5 V.

A mobile phone charger produces 5 V and let's say the phone takes 1 amp. That's a power of 5 watts. That power has to come from somewhere i.e. the 230 V AC supply so using the formula used above....
P = V I therefore 5 watts = 230 V x I OR I = 0.022 amps
Of course there will be a little bit more power taken due to imperfect 100% efficiency.

where does the extra power go if it is not transmitted to the phone?

Power taken is what is needed to be delivered (as an output) plus any power needed to make the process work.
Answer: 1) in your Q the two devices are connected to the same power-source parallel, so they "feel" the same voltage. If they have different (inner)resistance the current passing through each device is different. The higher the resisance the lower the current: current [A] = voltage [V] / resistance [Ohm]
2) yes, the current on the 5V side is higher (as you assumed due to formula - which is correct). It is NOT the same current on both sides, so current on the 230V side is much lower. e.g. If Voltage would be half, then current is dubbled,...by the way a moble phone charger does have a transformer (with high fequency) in it.
3) example (idealized - means no losses): ratio of voltage on secondary side (= 5V) compared to voltage on primary side (= 230V) is 5 / 230 = 1/46. So then current on secondary side is 46 times higher than current on the 230V (primary) side. If seconary current is 1A then on 230 V side ist must be 1/46 A.


Auditing sysadmin members by a specific group

Question: A Sql Server 2012 Database Audit performs an audit on sysadmins when you specify the principal DBO. However, this causes ALL the sysadmins to be audited. What configuration or solution can be used to audit ONLY 1 specific group that has sysadmin membership without auditing all the activity by ALL sysadmins? We are trying to cut down on action events that are not necessary (i.e. sql engine service account or other service accounts that are sysadmin and do not need audited). This is a user database.
Answer: One option may be to add individual sysadmins as users to the databases in question, add those users to a custom role with no explicit permissions (effectively like public), and setup the database audit specification to track actions for the custom role.
Comment: The limitation with SQL Server auditing is that the principal specified to audit users or groups that are members of the sysadmin role must be set to DBO. This causes all DBO DML to be audited, which is too much. Any group or user that is a member of sysadmin does NOT audit/log if that group or user name is set as the principal. Principal must be set to DBO for auditing sysadmins.
Answer: https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlsecurity/2012/10/03/filter-sql-server-audit-on-action_id-class_type-predicate/

In SQL Server 2012, Server Audit can be created with a predicate
  expression (refer to MSDN).
  This predicate expression is evaluated
  before audit events are written to the audit target. If the evaluation
  returns TRUE the event is written to the audit target else it's not.
  Hence one can filter audit records going to the audit target based on
  the predicate expression.


Hosting a website on UbuntuOne

Question: Recently, google drive offered a way to host websites.
Is it possible to do something similar using UbuntuOne?
Comment: The link by now gives 404
Answer: Yes, you can. But there are certain caveats.

When you publish the file, the address would be some random string like http://ubuntuone.com/0vKfOjPz0ZJSqXY8Q5B6i6flkasdjflkjsadflalkfdsjkjf, so it'd not be easy to remember.

Ofcourse you can use URL shorteners, but that's an extra layer of effort.

The CSS and JS files you use need to be shared as well, if they're stored on your Ubuntu One account, otherwise you can link them directly.
The above point would make your HTML code from something like:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/css.css" />

to something like:

<link rel="stylesheel" href="http://ubuntuone.com/somerandomstring"/>

If you can handle all of it, you're good to go!
Here's a sample page for an example linking to another CSS file: http://ubuntuone.com/3z3QTmzw9kJZmisMOKxnL3 (The link doesn't work anymore).
Comment: I'd rather say "yes you can in theory, but you probably don't want to because it's a world of pain" :) You'll have to carefully upload files one by one because you can't tell their URL beforehand and edit other files to reference each other properly...
Comment: @Sergey Absolute agree with you. I created a simple page, but there were nothing of simple there :)
Answer: The short answer is Yes, but here is more information that may help you:

google drive offered a way to host websites

What they offered isn't host websites precisely, but a simply file host. And if this files can be public and if their content is a HTML web page, then you can call it as a website host (bad).
As Ubuntu One offer the same service than Google Drive (theoretically) it will work in the same way.
The things that you have to take into account are:

You won't get an specific domain, it will have a lot of strange characters.
The traffic limit of your page is a real problem.
As you don't have a full server host, you will not be able to use technology like PHP or database software and many other tools.
And obviously the storage capacity..

But if you want to share information or play on the world of the web design it's a funny/useful tool.
You can use a HTML page to load CSS, JavaScript code, images, and such static files.
EDIT: in this week Canonical announced that Ubuntu One services will be shutdown. So in a couple of days you will no longer be able to do "host a website" on it.
Comment: If you read the google page linked to in the question, you'll see that it allows to upload a bunch of html/css/js into a folder and have it all published on the web, so it's a bit beyond a "simply file host" - it is possible to reference one html file from another in a normal way, for example.
Comment: I know that. I create a page to understand how it works. But, for me, it is a simply file host that you could use for powerful things like the one that you mentioned.
Answer: No, you cannot. Ubuntu One file synchronization is not a cloud server or web hosting service.
Yes, you can make individual files publicly accessible, but it is not a reliable way to host a web site. You may also end up violating the Terms of Service in attempting to host a web site, via the Ubuntu One service.

Acceptable use and conduct
All usage of the services must be legal and not infringe any third party's rights. You must not take any action or use the services in any way that might bring Canonical into disrepute, affect the ability of Canonical to provide the services, be illegal, or encourage illegal activities. You may not use the services in any manner that might be libellous or defamatory (more info on what that means), that contains threats or incites violence towards individuals or entities, or that violates the privacy or publicity rights of any third party. Some services have usage limitations as indicated at https://one.ubuntu.com/plans, and you may not exceed these. As part of the services, you may store data on Canonical's servers or those of Canonical's suppliers. You should ensure that this data is not in breach of any applicable law and does not breach any individual's data protection or privacy rights. You shall indemnify Canonical in full for any loss, cost or damages suffered by it as a result of your use or misuse of the services.
Comment: *You may also end up violating the Terms of Service* Absolutely no. Hosting your own web page that can has public access is not a violation of those terms.
Comment: Hosting a web page on Ubuntu One is not part of acceptable use of the service. The language in the terms is clear. Ubuntu One is not a web hosting service, nor is it designed to be used as a web hosting service.
Comment: Still, I don't see that on your quote.

Hosting a website on UbuntuOne


name of binary vs. name in GUI

Question: In icedove>preferences>attachments, for 'JEPG image' one can select 'Image Viewer' or 'Use other ...'.  It turns out that 'Image Viewer' is actually '/usr/bin/eog' on my system.  I only know that because after opening eog on the command line, clicking on 'Help>About', I see "Image Viewer" ... "The GNOME image viewer". It gives you no clue as to what the actual binary is, so, when the program is opened 'via' it's 'Image Viewer' name in icedove, how in heck would you figure out what the actual binary is?  Is there some table somewhere, or some list of associations or something? The above is just one example--this problem exists in all GUIs all the time.  It's a sad example of Linux trying hard to be as stupid and unhelpful as Windows :-(
Comment: `grep -H Name /usr/share/applications/*.desktop`
Comment: In terminal execute `which eog` and receive `/usr/bin/eog`
Comment: Thanks muru :-)  Make that an answer so I can upvote it.
Comment: Costas: Once I know the name of the binary it's not a problem finding where it lives.  The problem is making the connection between 'Image Viewer' and whatever binary that actually calls.
Comment: Oh, one more thing: what do we call the 'GUI name'?  'Friendly name', 'menu name' ... what?
Answer: If you like to see a full path to binary execution file just execute in terminal
which programm_name

The general association list you can find in $HOME/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list
Answer: In the Unix world with the X Window System (X11)¹, there's no concept of "application". There are several concepts that overlap but don't match exactly:

packages — the name you select in a package manager to install the application. If you don't install it via a package manager, there may not be a formal package name. A package may include multiple applications.
executables — the file that is executed to run the application. Executables have a file name, which may or may not be informative (it is when the path to the application is /usr/bin/foo, not when it's /opt/myapp/bin/run or /home/alice/work/dev/a.out).
processes — the instance of the application in memory. Running an executable creates a process. Exactly what can be considered a process name is complex and somewhat system-dependent, I won't fully discuss it here. In most cases, you can consider the process name to be the executable's file name.
toplevel windows — a GUI program, by definition of "GUI", creates at least one of these. A window has several things that care names of some sort, all of which can be retrieved as properties and have sligtly misleading names:

WM_NAME is in fact the window's title. It's what window managers display in the title bar and in task lists. It's meant to be human-readable and frequently changes during the lifetime of the window (e.g. when opening a different file, switching to another tab, etc.).
WM_ICON_NAME is similar to WM_NAME, but is used when showing an icon representing a window.
WM_CLASS is a pair of names, the instance name and the class name. These names are used by configuration mechanisms such as X resources; see "Xterm" or "xterm" in configuration file for a short introduction. These names are typically the same by default except that the class is capitalized and the instance isn't. I think the class name is the best contender for "application name" — but a program might display multiple toplevel windows with different classes.

An application may have a menu with an item called "About" which displays a window containing a name. What it puts there is purely the choice of the application developer.

Process viewers, not only text-based such as ps, top and htop, but also most GUI ones such as gnome-system-properties and lxtask, only show information about processes, not about toplevel windows.
There's a technical reason for that: there's no robust way to identify which process displays which window. It's possible, but very unusual, to have multiple processes drawing in the same window. More commonly, there might be no process displaying a window, because X11 is network-transparent — an application can send instructions to the display interface (the X server) over the network. There is no foolproof mechanism to track windows created by remote connections either.
If the application is cooperative (and most are), then two window properties allow you to trace the window to a process:

_NET_WM_PID: the process ID of the process that created the window.
WM_CLIENT_MACHINE: the host name of the machine where the process runs.

See What process created this X11 window? for more details. You can query the _NEW_WM_PID property with command line tools such as xprop, xdotool, wmctrl, etc. With xprop, you can display all properties. With xdotool and xprop, click on a window to display information about it. wmctrl can list information about all windows.
xprop _NET_WM_PID WM_CLIENT_MACHINE  # and click on a window
xdotool selectwindow getwindowpid    # and click on a window
wmctrl -lp

Given the process ID, you can obtain information about the process, such as the path to its executable. For example, run the following command then click on a window to display information about the application displaying the window.
ps -o args= -p $(xdotool selectwindow getwindowpid)

To see the path to the executable, under Linux:
readlink /proc/$(xdotool selectwindow getwindowpid)/exe

¹  There are projects such as Wayland and Mir that strive to replace X11, but given how many applications exist for X11, they are proceeding slowly and are only viable if they maintain enough compatibility.

name of binary vs. name in GUI


Should a logged-in Android client receive auth-tokens on each request, or need to log-out/log-in for a new token?

Question: From a security perspective, should I avoid giving an Android client a new mobile auth-token until they logout (or token expires) and re-login?
Or is it ok to give the logged-in user a new token on each request, so they can stay logged in indefinitely?
I'm working on an Android app with a Rails backend, but I'm new to the Android part and trying to avoid glaring errors.
Answer: First option, you dont need and dont should generate new token in each request.
If you want to keep a good security lvl you can generate a guest token, and then a logged user token, and check if its User agent change in a request of same session.


Screw Dislocation and Edge dislocation

Question: If in both cases if there is an application of Shear Stress then why do we have Screw dislocation in one case and Edge dislocation on the other?
Comment: an example and picture of what you are trying to explain may help.
Answer: For edge dislocations, the defect line appears to move parallel to the direction of application of shear.  That can happen if there is an extra plane of atoms in the lattice that creates the dislocation core.
In contrast, the defect line in screw dislocations moves perpendicular to the direction of shear.  An extra plane of atoms is not necessary for screw dislocations to form.  Rather, the process is very similar to ripping a strip of paper in two.
There are numerous resources on the web that discuss the issue, e.g., https://web.iit.edu/sites/web/files/departments/academic-affairs/academic-resource-center/pdfs/Material_Deformations_Workshop.pdf and http://www.ndhu.edu.tw/ezfiles/29/1029/img/3034/Chapter4-1_1041020.pdf

Screw Dislocation and Edge dislocation


How to manage hard drive partition?

Question: I do have many blank partition in my hard drive which I want to combine to make a single large partition and also make if NTFS. Please tell me the procedure..and I also have a "extended" partition..don't know what it means..but I also want to make that partition as NTFS..please help me!
Answer: Partitions contain File Systems. There are many operations that you can do on these partitions. I recommend you have a look at gparted.
sudo apt-get install gparted
gparted

The exteneded partition is just a particular kind of container which can contain more partitions. In early partition table schemes, there was only room for 4 partitions. The need to have more caused an evolution to making one of these an "extended" partition which contains more partitions. With newer partitioning schemes (gpt) this limitation is overcome.
However, what you propose, to fuse the contents of different partitions into a single partition is difficult to do and depends on what kind of file systems these partitions hold. If they are different kinds of file systems (for example ext4 and FAT32), it's simply not practical to fuse them together.
Your best bet would be to buy a new hard drive, large enough to hold the contents of all the file systems on the old drive. Then create one large partition on the new drive, format it with your chosen file system (ext4, btrfs, etc.) and then copy the entire contents of the older drive's file systems.
Comment: But what if I want to fuse two or three blank NTFS partitions into a single NTFS partition?
Comment: It's apparently possible to merge 2 contiguous NTFS partitions "in-place" without losing their data, according to [this post](http://superuser.com/questions/538786/is-it-possible-to-combine-two-disk-partitions-on-windows).     To merge 3 partitions, if they are adjacent to each other, you could do a two step process of first merging two partitions, and then merging the result with the last partition.
Comment: I don't have any OS installed on my pc..I only use live ubuntu from DVD..what do I do if I want to combine partition using UBUNTU live..
Comment: The information I found on merging NTFS partitions is using a free version of commercial software, [EaseUS Partition Master Free 11.9](http://www.partition-tool.com/personal.htm)
Answer: Be very careful of what you are doing! you might end up erasing critical partitions on your disk.
Now remember that only contiguous spaces on your disk can be clubbed together to form a partition.
Each disk can have up to four primary partitions OR three primary partitions and an extended partition. If you need four partitions or less, you can just create them as primary partitions. Lets say you need 5 partitions, then you make 3 primary and 1 extended and then 2 logical partitions inside the extended partition. (the Extended partition serves as a container for multiple logical paritions)
On Ubuntu you can use the GParted tool

http://gparted.org/download.php

or
on a command line
sudo apt-get install gparted
gksudo gparted

Now coming to the last part of the question :
To fuse together partitions, you will have to deleted them and then make a new partition out of the available space. Remember the deleting partitions will erase all data on them and to make a new bigger partition all the newly vacant memory spaces should be contiguous
Comment: I am using Ubuntu live from dvd..is that live version able to download and run the program
Comment: ubuntu live cd comes loaded with gparted tool, thats true for 12.04+ AFAIK. You can look up the installed programs by clicking the `Super` key OR also called the windows key on the keyboard and start typing GParted in the available blank that pops up. In case can't find it pre-installed you can download it the way I have mentioned
Comment: @DebanjanKarmakar if that helped you please do not forget to upvote :)
Comment: file:///home/ubuntu/Pictures/Screenshot%20from%202016-10-24%2006-25-06.png
see this don't know how that mb partition ws created how do remove it? and also combine those other blank partitions...
Comment: `file:///home/ubuntu/Pictures/Screenshot%20from%202016-10-24%2006-25-06.png` thats a local file path my friend, can only be opened on your system @DebanjanKarmakar upload the screenshot on [postimage](https://postimage.org/) probably

How to manage hard drive partition?


Prae- & Ante- (before)

Question: The prefixes prae- and ante- both have the same meaning of 'before' in place or time. Why is the existence of both words necessary?
Answer: There are differences between the two words.
Lewis and Short give a detailed account of both prae and ante.
There are situations where they are interchangeable, but they are not synonymous everywhere.
For details, see the two dictionary entries.
Here are some points to highlight the difference:

Both ante and prae mean "before" in a spatial sense, but ante is used for objects at rest and prae for objects in motion.
Prae has the sense "because", ante does not.
When it comes to time, ante seems to be far more common for "before". (I get the impression that prae isn't possible at all, apart from giving that sense in compounds.)

When you look at a dictionary that gives a couple of English words for a Latin word as translation options, they can look identical.
When you look at a dictionary that gives detailed explanations, much more nuance emerges.
So, the two prepositions are different.
Used as prefixes they are much closer to each other than as prepositions.
But even if it was not necessary to have both, they can still coexist; synonyms are not that rare.
The meanings of the two words have certainly evolved through time, and that might explain how we ended up having these two very similar prepositions.
Perhaps ante was more "against" and prae more "before".
I would say that it is not necessary to have both ante and prae, but we still do, and it does allow expressing some things more accurately.
Comment: So could you use *ante* for a single point in time, and *præ* for a period (multiple points) in time – since motion technically is a change/difference/comparison between two or more points? E.g. *pre-history* (history is a progression) is made up of *anterior moments* (single points fixed in time).
Comment: @Matt Welcome to the site! I don't think there's a distinction like that, but I've been wrong before. Both *prior* and *anterior* exist, but I haven't studied whether they are related like *prae* and *ante* are. If there are two similar words like *ante* and *prae*, there rarely is a clear division of labor between them. If you want more details, please [ask a new question](https://latin.stackexchange.com/questions/ask).

Prae- & Ante- (before)


What do I do if I'm in the restroom and the Azaan starts?

Question: I want to know if I'm in the restroom and the azaan starts, like usual do I respond to the azaan to just hear it?
Comment: Salam and welcome to IslamSE the Q&A site about Islam. To learn more about our site and model consider taking the [tour] and checking our [help].
Answer: I am not really sure If there's a specific Hadith or saying of an Islamic scholar about this, but in some matters, in Islam, we should use our common sense.
We know that in the restroom where there's a toilet we are not allowed to say the name of Allah in Islam, thus I believe, that after we have done the business and are out of the place then we answer the adhan and It should still be correct since adhan is wajib (obligatory) but there is no condition that It should be answered immediately.
Though a better thing to do would be to just give the answer before going to the restroom, It's only like 30 seconds mostly, unless you can't handle it.


How to resolve this fatal error '2006 MYSQL server has gone away'?

Question: I'm trying to send 750 emails through cron job.
After it sends nearly 40 emails, like after a few minutes it throws this error,

Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'PDOException' with message 'SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away' in /public_html/ehs/includes/database/database.inc:2171 Stack trace: #0 /public_html/ehs/includes/database/database.inc(2171): PDOStatement->execute(Array) #1 /public_html/ehs/includes/database/database.inc(683): DatabaseStatementBase->execute(Array, Array) #2 /public_html/ehs/includes/database/database.inc(2350): DatabaseConnection->query('select name, d...', Array, Array) #3 /public_html/ehs/sites/all/modules/elysia_cron/elysia_cron.module(424): db_query('select name, d...', Array) #4 /public_html/ehs/sites/all/modules/elysia_cron/elysia_cron.module(632): elysia_cron_get('rules_cron', false, 'running', 0, false) #5 /public_html/ehs/sites/all/modules/elysia_cron/elysia_cron.admin.inc(753): elysia_cron_is_job_running('rules_cron') #6 [internal function]: elysia_cron_execute_page_cleanup() #7 {main} in /public_html/ehs/includes/database/database.inc on line 2171

I have tried upgrading max_allowed_packet to 500M under [mysqld] in my.ini and also php_memory_limit to 1024M, but still it didn't improve anything.
Is there any other possible thing I could do to resolve it?
FYI, I'm sending a view in emails to all the users using Insert view. The views are generated per user basis, and that involves aggregation operations and computed fields.
Answer: A few minutes to send 40 emails indicates that this cron job is computationally expensive. You are probably hitting against MySQL's wait_timeout limit.
I wouldn't necessarily suggest changing your MySQL configuration. Drupal's cron runs aren't meant to take more than a few minutes at a time. Instead, this may be better suited to a cron queue.
In a cron queue, each individual email to send would be a job in this particular queue. During each cron run, as many of those jobs in each queue are processed until some set time limit has passed, and the remaining jobs are deferred for the next cron run.


from where/how is the figure of 50 m sec protection switching time calculated in case of ERP/ MPLS?

Question: From where or how does the figure of 50 m sec protection switching calculated for MPLS/ ERPS?
Comment: I use a traffic generator (e.g. IXIA) - transmit 1000PPS, if less than 50 packet drop upon switchover thats your sub-50msec
Comment: Did any answer help you? If so, you should accept the answer so that the question doesn't keep popping up forever, looking for an answer. Alternatively, you can provide and accept your own answer.
Answer: The 50 ms maximum delay is a figure derived from practical use. Many real-time protocols can suffer a packet loss for that period without too much impact. That limit is a trade-off between reliability and cost.
It's "offical" in some IETF RFCs, probably starting with RFC 6378.
I also found this source stating that 50 ms originated from Automated Protection Switching (APS).
Comment: Yes, I have gone through the source too but it does not show how this figure is calculated. I am looking for some mathematical derivation behind this figure. There has to be. But I am unable to figure it out.


How to make vertical scrollbar wider on firefox

Question: I'm seeking a method of making the vertical scroll bar in Firefox wider so it's easier to grab on a touchscreen PC.
Answer: There is a solution to your problem on Mozilla Zine: How to make the browser scroll bar wider.

Put this code in both userChrome.css
  and userContent.css:

/* Increase width of VERTICAL SCROLLBAR */
scrollbar[orient="vertical"], scrollbar[orient="vertical"] thumb, scrollbar[orient="vertical"] scrollbarbutton { min-width: 35px !important; -moz-appearance: none !important; }

/* Increase width of HORIZONTAL SCROLLBAR */
scrollbar[orient="horizontal"], scrollbar[orient="horizontal"] thumb, scrollbar[orient="horizontal"] scrollbarbutton { min-height: 35px !important; -moz-appearance: none !important; }

Comment: @AtanuCSE, this is code that needs to go in Firefox's own CSS style files. Not CSS rules that apply to the web content. Only Firefox's own scrollbars.
Comment: Tried it in a JSfiddle, didn't work. Can you please tell me why??
http://jsfiddle.net/2aHeE/530/
Answer: It's no more possible with userChrome.css or userContent.css for new versions of firefox , try this addon:  https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/noiascrollbars/
Comment: Looks like this also no longer works as of Firefox 57. The link displays a big red message: **This add-on is not compatible with your version of Firefox.**
Answer: If you are using xp,
you can still rightclick on desktop
Properties
Appearance
Advanced
Scrollbar and make wider. Mine is 21.
It also will affect Firefox and ALL other programs I use on my XP.
Anelle in Idaho


What tier for Challenges in Generations?

Question: (This is about the original Titanfall, not Titanfall 2) I have been playing Titanfall for quite a bit now, and I was wondering about reaching higher generations. I know you have to do challenges, but is it the first tier of the challenge (I) or do we have to go up to the highest tier of the challenge for it to count? Example: Top Gun(I) won't work because you have to get to Top Gun(V). I was just wondering how much I have to do the challenges.
Answer: As far as I can remember, it's all tiers of the challenges.
When you go to the regen challenges list, there's a button to toggle between show active and show all.  Showing all does show all tiers of the challenge.
It sounds like you haven't regenerated yet, so I'll say don't worry about it yet.  Each regeneration resets your challenges, so you can't start working on them until you regenerate.


My macbook pro trackpad's right side doesn't go down when pressed

Question: When I click the right side of the trackpad it doesn't press down. It's stuck, but the left of the button works perfectly. What's the issue here and how do I fix this?
Comment: There's probably something stuck below it. Some food, dust, etc. I don't know of any way to clean it besides opening the thing up. Even that is dangerous, as the trackpad is made up of glass.
Answer: This might sound crazy, but I was having the same issues. I could not figure out what the problem was and it was getting really frustrating. One day I lifted the front and noticed that the battery cover was not flush. So I plugged in the power cord and removed the battery, and I was amazed that the battery was swollen, and in turn not letting the trackpad press down. It was bizzare.
After removing the battery, the trackpad worked perfectly. I don't know if that is your case, but I will be ordering a new battery. A quick search in the Apple Tech website, and it seems this is a common issue with the MacBook Pro batteries. Hope this helps.
Comment: Keep in mind that when battery is removed from MBP your CPU will run at half speed...
Comment: As to the bulging - this usually happens when battery had some physical damage like scratch or smth like this. Also MBP batteries are "not meant for replacing by user" - which means that they don't have thick plastic casing all round them. Thus those things may happen.  Dispose of malfunctioned battery with care.
Answer: Is your machine in warranty? If so, your absolute best option is to book a Genius Bar appointment and pop into an Apple authorised repair centre (such as an Apple Store), where they could possibly adjust the sensitivity of the pad on the spot. That's probably the best route even if it's not in warranty, as there wouldn't usually be a cost for such a repair.
If you're determined to do it yourself, you'd need a set of appropriate tools for your machine which you can usually find with a Google search. Be warned though that it's very easy to make the problem worse if you don't know what you're doing, as it typically involves removing other parts from the machine to gain access.
Answer: A good "WD-40" style method to fix this is to hold your Mac and shake it around a little. It's surprising how well it works.


France Olympiad Team Selection Test 2005

Question: In an international meeting of $n ≥ 3$ participants, $14$ languages are spoken. We know that:
- Any $3$ participants speak a common language.
- No language is spoken by more than half of the participants.
What is the least value of $n$?
Answer:
$n ≥ 3$ participants, 14 languages are spoken. We know that: - Any $3$ participants speak a common language. - No language is spoken by more than $\frac{1}{2}$ of the participants. What is the least value of $n$?

The numbers, $(14,3,\leq 1/2)$, can be understood from geometry over finite fields.
They are suspiciously close to the case of $15 = q^3 + q^2 + q + 1$ languages ($q=2$), which is the number of points in a  $3$ dimensional projective space over finite field of $q$ elements, where each plane goes through at most $1/q$ of the points and (dually) every point is on at most $1/q$ of the planes [more exactly, (number of points) $=1 + q \times$ (number of planes)].  If the participants are identitied with planes, the languages with points, and speaking a language with containing a point, this almost matches the numbers in the problem, but there is an extra point.
Since finite field configurations tend to be extremal, the $15$ pattern is probably some sort of efficient extension of the solution to this problem. Indeed, the $14$ languages would be explained if one point  were removed (so languages=$15-1$) together with all planes through that point (reducing participants to $q^3=8$). This construction has the same numbers as stated to be optimal in Calvin Lin's answer.
The generalizations of the question seem to be related to Steiner systems.
Comment: that's (number of points *in the 3d projective space*) = 1 + q(number of planes *on a point in the 3d space*).  But the dual to omitting a point and all hyperplanes through it is to omit the hyperplane at infinity and all points on it, so that this can also be described as affine 3-space, with participants the q^3 points and languages the q^3+q^2+q affine planes, each containing q^2 points.
Answer: Set up the standard incidence matrix.
Let the row be the $n$ participants and the 14 columns be the languages. Fill in the entry of 1 if the participant can speak the language.
We wish to count the number of column triples $\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$. Since every 3 participants speak a common language, this number is at least $ n \choose 3$. Since every language is spoken by half or less (my interpretation), there is at most $15 \times { \frac{n}{2} \choose 3}$ such triples.
Solving ${ n \choose 3} \leq 14{ \frac{n}{2} \choose 3}$, which is equivalent to $(n-1)(n-8) \geq 0 $, we get $ n \leq 1, n \geq 8 $. Hence, the least possible value of $n$ is 8.
It remains to show that $n=8 $ is possible. This is quite easy to do so, if you remember that equality must hold throughout. Hence, no 3 participants speak 2 common languages, is a necessary and sufficient condition. There is a natural choice, which works.

For the first 7 languages, use
$ \begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | l |}
\hline
1&1&1&1&0&0&0              \\ \hline
1&1&0&0&1&1&0              \\ \hline
1&0&1&0&1&0&1              \\ \hline
1&0&0&1&0&1&1              \\ \hline
0&1&1&1&0&0&0              \\ \hline
0&1&0&0&1&1&0              \\ \hline
0&0&1&0&1&0&1              \\ \hline
0&0&0&1&0&1&1              \\ \hline
\end{array} $
For the next 7 languages, use 1 minus entries in the above table.
Comment: @zyx I didn't relate it to projective planes (which would have been my next attempt), as my first choice worked. I'd add it in.
Comment: Thanks for the edit explaining the construction. For the optimal parameters with 4 participants per language it is a S(3,4,14) Steiner quadruple system and according to http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SteinerQuadrupleSystem.html there are 4 nonisomorphic solutions.


in the core web vitals, a lot of my pages have same issues in css

Question: I have LCP issue and I am not able to solve these problem. please help me. In the core web vitals section, about 1339 pages of my site have lcp problems and most of them have the same problem and I don't know how to fix this.
I've attached one of these issue
Comment: You really need to do a sample page with minimum code that still reproduces this.
Answer:
In the core web vitals section, about 1339 pages of my site have lcp problems

I presume you are talking about Core Web Vitals section of Google Search Console?

I've attached one of these issue

This shows the Lighthouse test of a page. It actually shows a pretty healthy LCP of 1,390 milliseconds - well below the 2,500 millisecond LCP recommended "Good" threshold.
This means this test may not be representative of the issues your real-world users are seeing.
There's lots more details of how to user the other real-world data available in PageSpeed Insights in the Google docs on Optimizing LCP. Suggest you start there to see if you can narrow down the effect.
Quite often this is due to high TTFB rather than issues on the site. This means it's taking a long time to get to your site and that is eating up all the LCP time meaning it's impossible to get the recommended LCP time. TTFB is incluced in LCP as it is time experienced by the user - they feel that pain. If this is the case then you can check out the Optimizing TTFB guide and there is also a good section on that in this guide.
Full disclosure - I work at Google on the Core Web Vital initiative and contributed to these docs.


How to group or label features for a specific release in Pivotal Tracker?

Question: I notice that the docs say that Epics are groups of stories, and that Releases are simply markers above and below prioritized lists of stories. I also note that we can use Epics as a kind of special label or tag to denote what can go in a release. My question is, are you using Pivotal Tracker epics to label what you WANT to go into a release, or what WILL go into a release, and why? Where in the process do you actually assign the epic label to the story?
Answer: Personnaly, I use epics to have a high level view of relative feature load on the team. It helps understand where time went the last couple of months.


How do I download .ipa files to iTunes/Mobile Applications during sync?

Question: I just reinstalled iTunes for the first time in about a year (was having Config.Msi permissioning issues on install) and synced it with my computer. In my iTunes directory, I have a "Mobile Applications" folder with the .ipas of my older apps. How do I get my iTunes to download the rest of my iPad apps into this directory?
Answer: Connect your iPad to iTunes, then select File → Devices → Transfer Purchases.
Comment: Didn't work for downloading the .ipas to the computer. I figured it out last night though.
Answer: Go to Account → Purchases → Apps and in the bottom should be a button with a cloud symbol that says Download All. It will start downloading all the apps silently, so don't spam the button.
If it finds an error, which happened to me with the "Find my Friends" app, click the X button in the top-left of the app and then click the Download All button again.
I left the computer on all night and it finished downloading every one of the apps.


i missed maghrib what now?

Question: I unintentionally missed maghrib as I am secretly following Islam and I can not do it due to my family and extensive work so I joined isha with maghrib have I done a sin please reply I am crying!!
Answer: Assalmu Alaikum Warahmatullahi Warbarakatuh,
Firstly a very warm welcome to Islam, May Allah Ta'ala continue to help and strenghten you all the way to jannatul fidous. And guide the rest of your family with His endless nur (light) too, Ameen x
Maybe this is a very late reply, but i just came across this website today.
 So here goes, It comes in the Hadith in Sahih Al Bukhari Shareef: On the authority of Anas (RA)that Our Beloved Prophet Muhammed (SAW) said:" If anyone forgets their Salah, then he should pray it when he remembers, there is no expiation, except to pray the same."
So in your case you would just read your 3 Fardh of Maghrib of Qadha (meaning the missed Salah). and You can pray this this 3 Fardh of Maghrib Salah that you have missed before or after your Isha Salah.
Remember even when you sin, always ask Allah The Most High, for forgiveness, He is always with us and the Most forgiving, Never lose hope in Allah. Our beloved prophet (SAW) says "The one who repents from his sins is the like the one who has no sin"
May Safeguard all our imaans and Forgive us all, Ameen
And Allah knows best
Comment: I asked forgiveness that I will try my best not to do it again but can not promise to Allah that i will not do it again as it is hard to pray in my family presence thank you may Allah forgive me
Comment: Ameen May Allah forgive us all. Don't worry be strong, Allah the Most High knows you are trying, He will make it easy for you. Remember all this patience and struggle you are going through, none will go to waste. Allah The Most Merciful says: in chapter 11 (surah hud: verse 115) "And be patient, for surely Allah does not waste the reward of the good-doers."
Answer: Asalam Alikum,
Combining Zuhr+Asr or Maghrib+Isha is allowed under certain circumstances, not sure if your case is one of them.
Here is a link describing the issue (http://www.islamweb.net/en/article/85574/combining-two-prayers)
I ask Allah to help you and to give you the strength to continue practicing Islam.
Comment: I had prayed maghrib 3 rakkat separately in isha time ( I was unaware ) that they need to be combined how can I combine them? And dobi need to pray again or nie just pray isha as I prayed maggrib already in isha time
Comment: @abd you've done it correctly. combining doesn't mean praying 7 raka'as at once but praying them one after an other.

i missed maghrib what now?


Green square on game canvas using Phaser

Question: Can someone please tell me why I'm getting a green square on my Phaser game canvas as below?
Answer: Without seeing any code I can tell you that you'll see that when an image can't be loaded by the Phaser framework.
Open developer tools in your browser of choice and refresh after opening the Network tab. You should see a 404 for one of your images.
I believe if you look at the standard browser console you may also see messages about the name of the asset that it failed to load.
Comment: Okay, I think the problem may lie with this line of code as I assume I need to setup the start position of the spaceship:         this.play = game.add.sprite(200, 245, 'play'); // Display the spaceship at the position x = 10 and y = 245. It is saying this in the console: Phaser.Cache.getImage: Key "play" not found in Cache.
Comment: Which means that you're not loading in something with the key `play`. You should have something like `game.load.image('play', 'assets/play.png');` in your preload, just as you do with your spaceship and asteroids.
Comment: Thanks for that - bit of a novice using Phaser so still learning the ropes!
Comment: Glad to help. Good luck with Phaser; it's quite a nice framework :)
Answer: I had a slightly different case. Images were being loaded in the init function, which apparently doesn't work. I renamed that function to preload and suddenly the green squares are gone and the images show up.
Answer: My case was also a little different too; it appeared that all my image resources were loaded, but I think I was trying to create the sprites a little too quickly - in order words, I was trying to create and add sprites to my scene before the scene was properly loaded.
I'm going to try waiting until 'scene.scene.isActive(key);' returns a boolean of true.....maybe that's what will solve my issue.  Failing that, I might just put in some sort of sleep/await promise of 1 second or something (not ideal, but might work)
ALSO NOTE:  Part of the reason I was able to create my sprites too quickly was because I was doing so in my own custom function, not the typical create() function.  Actually, the best solution is probably to create my sprites in the create() function and not a custom function...


gradient estimations on variational quantum algorithms

Question: Other than the two famous parameter-shift rule and finite difference method, is there any other (perhaps simple) methods to estimate gradients of a cost function in variational quantum algorithms?
Answer: One scheme that's been used quite successfully in practice is SPSA. If you're using a simulator and keeping track of the entire state vector, another really efficient method is adjoint differentiation.


install arch into already parttioned disk

Question: I've been using linux for couple of years, but still can't manage partitioning at all. I have / and /home partitions on my drive and want to use these partitions for my fresh Arch installation. I'm not good at partitioning from console. So without risking to lose my /home data, how can I set it up. I have sda4 for /, sda5 for home, and sda3 for swap.
Comment: This would help you.https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
Answer: Follow these steps:

Boot Arch Linux ISO from USB drive.
Format the partitions if not formatted.
Initialize swap partition:

mkswap /dev/sda3
swapon /dev/sda3

Mount partitions:

mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
mount /dev/sda5 /mnt/home

Check if all partitions mounted correctly with lsblk command.
The output will be something like this:

# lsblk
    NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda      8:0    0  100G  0 disk
    ├─sda1   8:1    0  512M  0 part
    ├─sda2   8:2    0    1G  0 part [SWAP]
    ├─sda3   8:3    0   20G  0 part /
    └─sda4   8:4    0   80G  0 part /home

Install base packages: pacstrap /mnt base
Add fstab entries: genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab. Also do this for /home.
chroot into new system: arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
Follow the next steps from Arch Linux installation guide.

See this video for explained instructions.


TracD / Python on Windows 8

Question: Background:
Upgrading development environment to Windows 8 (x64) with clean install.  Trac/Python setup is identical to long established working and reliable implementation under Windows 7 (x64).
Trac 1.0, ActivePython 2.7.2 (x86) using TracD as service with SVRANY (problems are identical with test of TracD in administrator Command Prompt instead of as service).
Symptoms:
Display of Trac elements erratic in browser - missing style and layout from time to time, some images fail to appear but can be loaded by right-click Show Picture.  After a short time, Trac site becomes inaccessible and the service has to be restarted.  Problem occurs with IE10 and Chrome (not browser related, see below).
Log:
An error is generated many times on each page access (TracD):
File "C:\Python27\lib\socket.py", line 303, in flush
self.wfile.flush()
self._sock.sendall(view[write_offset:write_offset+buffer_size])
error: [Errno 10053] An established connection was aborted by the software in
your host machine
File "C:-\Pyt-h-o-n2-7\-l---i----b-\--so-ck--e--t.-p--y-"-,-- ---line 303,- --
-i---n-- flush

Event Log:
More rarely, another problem is occurring:
Faulting application name: Python.exe, version: 0.0.0.0, time stamp: 0x4e04e3b8
Faulting module name: sqlite3.dll, version: 0.0.0.0, time stamp: 0x4e04e486
Exception code: 0xc0000005
Fault offset: 0x00014c45
Faulting process id: 0x638
Faulting application start time: 0x01ce039b9e7bf067
Faulting application path: C:\Python27\Python.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Python27\DLLs\sqlite3.dll
Report Id: 57f144f2-6f8f-11e2-bea0-00221597cbcd

Attempts to solve (none successful):

Compatibility settings.
Firewall temporary disable.
Antivirus temporary disable.
Google error messages and/or Trac/Python issues on Windows 8/2012.
Upgrade from ActivePython 2.7.2 to python.org 2.7.3 (Trac cannot run on 3.x at this time).
Replace TracD with Apache using Bitnami Trac Stack.
Ensure SQLite binaries included with Python are the latest version (not yet attempted).

Questions:

Has anyone got Trac/Python working correctly on Windows 8/2012 platform?
Is this indicative that Python 2.7.x is broken on Windows 8, with potential consequences for many applications, not just Trac, but anything running on Python using sockets or SQLite?
Answer: Yeah, I doubt this problem is caused by Trac itself.

TracD / Python on Windows 8


Android Eclipse boots up into emulator, but I need it to display Hello World

Question: I launch the android emulator, it takes a few minutes to start and after some time, i get the splash screen, then i get the whole emulator running...
I can "swipe" with my mouse to unlock, and it shows a clock, 3-4 apps, home button, etc.
But I need it to only display hello world..and it doesn't.
I do get the following in the console

[2013-09-15 06:43:06 - AndrdLove] ------------------------------
[2013-09-15 06:43:06 - AndrdLove] Android Launch!
[2013-09-15 06:43:06 - AndrdLove] adb is running normally.
[2013-09-15 06:43:06 - AndrdLove] Performing com.example.andrdlove.FullscreenActivity activity launch
[2013-09-15 06:43:06 - AndrdLove] Automatic Target Mode: launching new emulator with compatible AVD 'standard'
[2013-09-15 06:43:06 - AndrdLove] Launching a new emulator with Virtual Device 'standard'
[2013-09-15 06:43:08 - AndrdLove] New emulator found: emulator-5554
[2013-09-15 06:43:08 - AndrdLove] Waiting for HOME ('android.process.acore') to be launched...
[2013-09-15 06:47:08 - AndrdLove] HOME is up on device 'emulator-5554'
[2013-09-15 06:47:08 - AndrdLove] Uploading AndrdLove.apk onto device 'emulator-5554'
[2013-09-15 06:47:08 - AndrdLove] Installing AndrdLove.apk...
[2013-09-15 06:48:34 - AndrdLove] Success!
[2013-09-15 06:48:34 - AndrdLove] Failed to install AndrdLove.apk on device 'emulator-5554': device not found
[2013-09-15 06:48:34 - AndrdLove] com.android.ddmlib.InstallException: device not found
[2013-09-15 06:48:34 - AndrdLove] Launch canceled!

EDIT: Please note, this question is NOT a duplicate.
My problem is rare and I cannot find an easy solution using google. I have tried.
To better explain my problem...
I see people who have an issue launching android emulator.
That is not my issue. The emulator launches... and it goes to the Home screen.
At the home screen, there is a Lock.. when I swipe it, it opens up the emulator and there are 4 apps there.
Working as intended right?
Right, except that I don't want that.
I want the emulator to show  an empty "Hello world" message just like my tutorial suggests.
I FINALLY figured it out.
What I had to do was go to the values folder. Double click on strings.xml and there I could either add or change or keep the value of the string. However, if I wanted it to show when I "unlocked" the phone, I had to Move up the Resource elemetns.
I have the option of Add Remove Up Down. I selected the hello_world(string) element and moved it up to the top.
Went to the launch icon, clicked run configuration selected Android application and when a window pops up, it will have an empty project field. Right next to the field is the browse button, click it and select your application project name. Then simply click Run.
Phew.
Comment: I have voted to reopen so you can answer and accept you own question.
Answer: Check if the emulator has the "USB debugging enabled" tooltip in the notification area. If it doesn't, then it can be solved by simply recreating the emulator.
For some reason my emulators tend to stop connecting to ADB every now and then, and I have to recreate them to fix the problem.


What is the difference between Lets's Encrypt and Rapid SSL?

Question: Which certificate is appropriate for a small WordPress WooCommerce shop?
Comment: If you are happy with my answer please can you accept it. This question has been left unanswered for a long time now. Thank you.
Answer: A standard SSL certificate will do the same job at encrypting communications between the server and client whether the certificate authority has provided it for a fee or for free, and either could be considered appropriate however it is worth noting that as with any SSL certificate, you will need to ensure your server and website are configured to use it properly, and that you update the certificate whenever there are updates to supported protocols and ciphers etc.
If you are not already familiar with installing SSL certificates you may appreciate paying a fee so that you can receive associated support as may be required to help you get started.

Additionally, Let's Encrypt SSL certificates are valid for 90 days, where typically other certificate authorities provide a certificate valid for 365 days. If you are not able to automate the certificate renewal/issuance process on your server then this will mean much more manual work for you to get and keep the SSL certificate installed correctly. The 90 days validity is deliberate on their part to encourage automation since shorter certificate lifes minimise risk.
Ref: Let's Encrypt: Why ninety-day lifetimes for certificates?
Answer: I think this question might come down to opinions rather than facts. But given the little research that I just carried out, it seems that Let's Encrypt may already be under abuse (see below ref).
Also, Let's Encrypt appears to be purely for encryption. Whereas services like RapidSSL offer a level of warranty for any SSL Failure.
For peace of mind, I would not go with Let's Encrypt because of these brief findings.
Abuse Article: http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/lets-encrypt-now-being-abused-by-malvertisers/
Comment: This answer is misleading - the article referred to does not infer that Let's Encrypt are under abuse, but simply that malicious websites are using free SSL certificates as well as legitimate websites (which is to be expected), and this is not really any different to malicious websites using domain names or hosting as well as legitimate websites. Let's Encrypt will obviously try to some extent to prevent and minimise the use of their SSL certificates for malicious purposes. Similarly, bad guys drinking coffee doesn't mean coffee is bad.


Disable autosave with `function.php` for custom post wordpress?

Question: I need disable auto save with function.php in wordpress. What should I do? Thanks
Answer: There are a few methods to disable autosave/revisions.
Disabling autosave:

Using action and dequeuing the .js that is responsible for autosave, this goes into functions.php, located in the current theme directory.

function bt_disable_autosave () {
    wp_deregister_script('autosave');
}
add_action('admin_init', 'bt_disable_autosave');

Using a constant to set the interval so high (one day) it will never happen unless you leave the browser open for that long, this goes into the wp-config.php, located in the root of the wordpress install.

define('AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL', 86400);

Disabling/limiting revisions:

Limiting revisions using a constant, this goes into the wp-config.php, located in the root of your wordpress install.

define('WP_POST_REVISIONS', 3);

Disabling revisions, this is the same as the above, you just set it to 0 instead.

define('WP_POST_REVISIONS', 0);
// or
define('WP_POST_REVISIONS', false);

Comment: hey Buttered_Toast Thank you :) I used the first option and that does not work I would like to add the code to functions.php any idea why it is still autosaving?
Comment: Did you add it to the active theme functions.php? it's a better idea to create a child theme if you plan on adding custom code, that way next time the theme is updated you wont lose your custom code.
Comment: hey Buttered_Toast yes I added to child theme functions.php but still autosave is happening! can you help?
Comment: How do you know it's not working. I just pasted this code into my fresh wp install and the autosave is dequeued, how are you checking that your code works?


Adding a path to a ssh key file

Question: I want to to make it so that when a file looks for a ssh key in /Users/skline/.ssh/id_rsa.pub it automatically also looks into the directory /var/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub (where my ssh is actually located.) How do I do this on OSX? I am new to the terminal, so thanks :)
Answer: If its anything like the SSH I use, then you should be able to use the '-i' option.
e.g.
    ssh host -i /var/root/.ssh/id_rsa
From the man page:
<code> -i identity_file
     Selects a file from which the identity (private key) for RSA or
     DSA authentication is read.  The default is ~/.ssh/identity for
     protocol version 1, and ~/.ssh/id_rsa and ~/.ssh/id_dsa for pro-
     tocol version 2.  Identity files may also be specified on a per-
     host basis in the configuration file.  It is possible to have
     multiple -i options (and multiple identities specified in config-
     uration files).
</code>
Or for a permanent solution, add the following option (with path) to your ~/.ssh/config
<code> IdentityFile /var/root/.ssh/id_rsa
</code>
And again, appropriate man page entry:
<code> IdentityFile
         Specifies a file from which the user's DSA, ECDSA or DSA
         authentication identity is read.  The default is ~/.ssh/identity
         for protocol version 1, and ~/.ssh/id_dsa, ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa and
         ~/.ssh/id_rsa for protocol version 2.  Additionally, any
         identities represented by the authentication agent will be used
         for authentication.  ssh(1) will try to load certificate
         information from the filename obtained by appending -cert.pub to
         the path of a specified IdentityFile.

         The file name may use the tilde syntax to refer to a user's home
         directory or one of the following escape characters: `%d' (local
         user's home directory), `%u' (local user name), `%l' (local host
         name), `%h' (remote host name) or `%r' (remote user name).

         It is possible to have multiple identity files specified in
         configuration files; all these identities will be tried in
         sequence.
</code>
Comment: so should I simply add the line to my config file? I currently don't have a config file, so should I create it?
Comment: yep and yep :-) (smiley face there to reach character limit for comments)
Comment: I got an error when I used id_rsa.pub instead of id_rsa.  Not sure which is more correct, but just a note that is hopefully useful to someone.
Comment: Bah yes, I think I should remove those `.pub`'s sorry! Hopefully the documentation I linked/quoted made things clear.

Adding a path to a ssh key file


Does man send any signal to attract aliens?

Question: Does man send any signal (such as electromagnetic radiation) to space to attract aliens?
Comment: Maybe you should add if this happens intentionally. I'd say yes, but maybe it's scarring them away. :)
Answer: Assuming that by signal you mean radio signals, there were many attempts.
All this has already been described in detail on Wikipedia, so I'm not inclined to repeat it. What you are looking for is available in these two pages:

Active Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (Active SETI)
Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence  (CETI).

Probably the most famous example of such signal is the Arecibo Message, sent on November 16th 1974:
Answer: The first message in the history of humanity was: "Мир, Ленин, СССР". The English translation being, "World, Lenin, USSR".
A lot of people will try to bring up that "мир" actually has two meanings, the second one being "peace". My opinion is, that in this case, it only means "world", or in stricto sensu "Universe".
It was long ago, in 1962, when this radio message was sent in Morse code towards Venus. Unfortunately, no extraterrestrials were found there.

This message is the first radio broadcast for extraterrestrial
  civilizations in the history of mankind. The signal reflected from
  surface of Venus and was received 4 minutes 32.7 seconds (Nov 19) and
  4 minutes 44.7 seconds (Nov 24) later.

Comment: Arthur C. Clarke said: _"Two possibilities exist: Either we are alone in the Universe or we are not. Both are equally terrifying."_
Comment: *Unfortunately, no extraterrestrials were found there.* Why is that unfortunate?
Answer: Yes, unintentionally, all the time. Radio (incl. TV, etc.) propagate in a straight line from the transmitter. Some transmissions are reflected or absorbed by layers in the atmosphere (depending on frequency), but others leak into space. So there's a shell of radio transmissions around Earth with a radius of 127 light years, expanding at the rate of 1 ly/year.
Most are not powerful enough to be intelligible by the time they arrive in another star system, though.
Comment: Not even military radars are strong enough to be perceived as a coherent wave about 1 light year away, unless you happen to have a ludicrous sized dish at the other end that happens to be pointing in the right direction at precisely the right time. Otherwise S/N simply doesn't permit detection. And other carrier waves (inc. most military radars) are largely attenuated by Earth's atmosphere and ground. Even Seth Shostak (SETI) wrote some papers and recently reaffirmed how METI (active SETI) is largely benign. And some of those attempts were far stronger than anything we broadcast unwittingly.


Some 2.1/2.2 apps not working

Question: I just upgraded my Galaxy gt i5800 to 2.2 froyo from the kies firmware.
Why am I getting "not compatible with this device" from some apps that say they require 2.1 or 2.2? Can anyone please explain.
Comment: Can you provide some examples of the apps that are listed as incompatible?
Answer: The "Not compatible with this device" message encompasses more than just the OS version.  The Play Store also checks for other software and hardware components that the app's developer listed as requirements.  These components can range from a minimum screen resolution, to having particular hardware (e.g. Tegra 3 chipset).
You can try searching for a given app on Google Play Store website to get a better idea of the incompatibility.
Comment: Thanks for the advise probably screen res whats the problem. 1 thing i dont understand zynga poker wont dowmload through google play says not compatible it used to load and has loaded from another source? Thanks for the advise it it worth doing the rom upgrade (to overclock etc.)  or should i just stay with the samsung firmware via kies.

Some 2.1/2.2 apps not working


Security in my mvc app

Question: I have an maintenance controller in my app for editing the database.  I have restricted the control with authorization attribute, but should i be doing more than this? What are the risks here? For example should I create a separate assembly for this or a new application or a remote application?
Answer: The authorization is pretty secure... I wouldnt go with classified government secrets on it... but I havent seen any good ways to bypass it, excepting for cookie stealing and MIIM attacks but those are going to be present in all non ssl sites regardless of hosted technology.
Answer: One thing I'd do is to white/black list properties on the views model so that you can't have someone calling your Controller Delete Action with an object that has say an id.
So your controller code may look like;
<code>public ActionResult Create( [Bind(Exclude="ID")] MyModel model)
{
}
</code>
So you are excluding the ID field in the MyModel object.

Security in my mvc app


"Would tomorrow between 11:30-12 work for me to give you a call?" Meaning?

Question: Can I expect someone to call me at 10:30?
Why "for me" not "for you"?
Comment: Pet peeve: between 11:30 and 12:00 or from 11:30 to 12:00, but never between 11:30 to 12:00, please.
Comment: What sentence are you asking about? The one in the title or the one in the body of the question (which doesn't actually contain *for me*)? In the title, *for me* is bizarre because you should *already* know if it works (for you) or not. It only makes sense to use use *for you*, as a question, if you don't know if it works for them or not.
Comment: A bounds statement implies exclusivity(no you should not expect a call at 10:30). 'For you' would certainly be bad English, as then the question would read 'Is it ok for you to call you at this time?'
'For me' though is redundant, because the implication unless explicitly stated is that the verb(in this case *call*) connects the speaker and the intended recipient. That is to say 'Would tomorrow between 11:30 & 12:00am be ok to call?'  has the same meaning, no 'for me' or 'give you' is necessary, it's just 'fluff.'
Comment: @Barmar For it to be interpreted that way, the wording *work for me* would have to be changed. If something *works for me*, that means it's convenient for me. If it *doesn't work for me*, then it's not a possible time—for me. (Both of your alternate sentences are fine—just not the one in the question title.)
Comment: It's ambiguous, it can be parsed either way. He didn't intend it as "(work for me) to call you", it's intended as "work (for me to call you)".
Comment: @JasonBassford Common sense forces the second parse, for the exact reason you give. The speaker knows what works for himself.
Comment: @JasonBassford "for me" refers to who is making the call, not who the time works for.
Comment: @Barmar That's just what I said. If I'm making the call, I already know if a time is convenient *for me*. So, it makes no sense for me to ask the other person if that time works for *me* or not. The only thing I'm not sure of is if that time works for *them*. So, I would ask, "Does that time work for *you*?"
Comment: @JasonBassford "for me" is not qualifying convenience, it's stating who is going to call. Compare with "Is 123-456-7890 the right number for me to call?"
Comment: Or "Is noon a good time for me to call you?"
Answer: The caller is asking whether it would be convenient to you (as the proposed recipient of the call) to be calleis d by the person adking the question somewhere between 11:30am and 12:00 am.
The reason they are saying "...convenient for me to give you a call" is that they actually mean "Would it be convenient if I gave you a call..?" They are not asking whether it would be convenient for them, they would know that.
The phraseology is quite poor and somewhat unclear but this sort of convolution is quite common in normal speech. If they had actually said "Would it be convenient for you if I gave you a call between 11:30 and 12:00?" You would not have a problem and would not, unless you responded negatively and asked them to call earlier, expect call at 10:30
Answer: Time ranges are exclusive so no they wouldn't call at 10:30 (but they might call at 11:30 or 12:00 or anywhere in between).
"For me" is there as part of the action "for me to give you a call" not asking if it would "work for me". It's awkwardly phrased.
Comment: @Chemomechanics Either way, 10:30 is not included.
Comment: @JanusBahsJacquet As I mentioned in a comment above, I think common sense disambiguates it, and I don't consider it too unclear. English is full of [garden-path sentences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-path_sentence) and we usually understand them.
Comment: Another possibility that the caller is expecting the call to last from 11:30 to 12:00 at the latest (as opposed to them calling at 12:00). In other words, the range indicates a block of time rather than potential start times.
Comment: Even more awkward would be "work for you for me to give you a call".
Comment: @Barmar That is actually what I was about to suggest. It's definitely more cumbersome, but it is also clearer and more natural to me. Where the original is awkward and misleading almost to the point of ungrammaticality for me, this version is clumsy but at least unambiguously grammatical.


Right approach for using GPS on iOS

Question: I'm trying to implement the use of gps in my app, but I'm not sure about the right approach for doing this.
My app has the following design:
* home page with some buttons that redirect to the following views:
 - list of locations (with distance from the current position)
 - detail of selected location (with distance from the current position)
 - map (with detail of the selected location)
I've implemented the CLLocationManagerDelegate in the map view, but I understand that I need the current position also in the other views to calculate distances.
What is the best approach? Do I have to support the CLLocationManagerDelegate and calculate current position in each view? Or maybe do I have to support the delegate only in my homepage and store the current location in a global variable?
Suggestions will be really appreciated!!
Thanks,
yassa
Answer: The best way for me is to implement the CLLocationManagerDelegate as a singleton class, so that you can refer to it everywhere in your app.

Right approach for using GPS on iOS


Virtualbox and ssh connection

Question: I'm trying to configure virtualbox to allow access from outside (including the host) to ssh server running on guest system (Linux Mint). I know that i can use NAT (default setting) with port forwarding. If i'm right that in the port forwarding settings under the "host IP" field i should set my host IP, eg. 192.168.0.11 if this is the IP address of my Windows host?
Answer: You can leave Host IP blank. Example:
Name: SSH
Protocol: TCP
Host Port: 2222
Guest Port: 22
After, you can connect with PuTTY for example with IP Address and port 2222.
Comment: @yoyo_fun Go to your Virtual Machine Settings->Network->Advanced->Port Forwarding, there you can click + sign on the right and add a rule.
Comment: where do you put these settings

Virtualbox and ssh connection


Installation of a recess can over the shower does it need to be GFCI protected?

Question: When installing a recess can over the shower does it need to be placed on a (gfci) ground fault circuit interrupter  circuit?
Comment: Related: https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/71681/can-i-put-a-recessed-light-in-a-shower
Answer: When you state recess can , the fixture would need to be listed for a wet location in a shower where it may get some spray. If less than 8' above the restricted zone, 410.10.b
Per nec 210.8.a.1 all the receptacles in a bathroom are required to be GFCI protected but not the lighting.
Comment: Just for clarity, the bottom of the fixture must be a minimum 8' from the shower threshold and marked "Suitable for wet locations". 2017 NEC Article 410.10 (A) & (D). In the NEC Handbook it states intent is to keep the fixture out of reach while the shower is in use and if it is subject to shower spray it must be a wet location fixture.
Comment: Good clarifications, I forget we know what the restricted zones are and the threshold or tub rim +
Answer: The short answer is no, it is not required. Your question implies that this is a new fixture being added. Therefore, you will not have to pull a wire all the way from the panel to the bathroom. The lighting is permitted to be on the same 20-amp branch circuit as the required branch circuit for the bathroom. Just make sure the GFCI branch circuit isn't connected to another bathroom or GFCI location. Otherwise, you will overload the circuit. Do not connect the new wire to the "load" side of a GFCI outlet either. If the outlet trips, you will be in the dark. Connect the wiring to the "line" side of an outlet or to a junction box in the ceiling.


Can I use paragraphs from an already published article in a new article?

Question: Can I use paragraphs from an already published article in a new article?
I want to repeat some ideas as an introduction and there is no point in re-writing them when I already reached my desired precise expression. I have the copyright of the original article (but I guess the journal that published it has rights on its distribution).
Answer: No. That's self-plagiarism and most venues will not accept it. It is flagged by plagiarism-detecting software, and is likely to lead to desk rejection.
Comment: Then how come some famous authors used and reused their texts? Mario Bunge is an example.
Comment: Unless you properly cite the quote like you would from any other paper.
Comment: @Kathy But it would look really strange to write an introduction using direct quotations from your own prior work…
Comment: @JukkaSuomela You cite any quote. Doesn't matter if it's from you or not. I see papers all the time where authors are building on their prior work and they cite that work. It's only strange if you're self conscious about it.
Comment: The only literature where you can self-plagiarize is your own thesis/dissertation
Answer: What do you mean by "use", simply repeat without attribution?
If you treat your own works the same as you would anyone else's, there won't be any problem.
If you quoted a paragraph from some other person's paper, you'd provide an appropriate citation for it.
Do exactly the same thing, regardless of who wrote the original.
Many papers are already written in a formal style in which the author(s) refer to themselves in the third person, so treating your own work as if it were someone else's should flow naturally, without your having to mention explicitly in the text that it is your own.
Comment: I mean with attribution.
Answer: Actually, Yes, under certain conditions. There are two concerns. The first is self plagiarism, which you can avoid by citing the older work in the new where you use such paragraphs. You avoid self-plagiarism in general by citation. But generally it needs to be clear you are quoting the earlier work.
The second concern is with copyright. If you don't still hold copyright for the original because you've yielded it to a publisher, then you have to limit yourself, even in self quoting, to rather short passages and clear quotation. This isn't a problem if you hold the copyright yourself.
Some publishers will give authors a relatively free license to self quote, however. Not every publisher, but you can ask. This would be easier if you are going to try to publish with the same publisher as previously.
But, if you look at the situation of new editions of books, you will find that such copy paste is acceptable in some situations and is condoned by (some) publishers.
An added concern, however, is that you don't avoid the self plagiarism trap by just paraphrasing your earlier work without citation. It isn't the literal words that are the issue, but specifying the original source of the ideas behind the words. The same concern is there for ordinary plagiarism, of course.
Comment: Thanks, Buffy. So I just give the reference, of which I own the copyright, and that would be it?
Comment: As long as you do it in such a way that it is clear you are quoting. The reason that self plagiarism is an issue at all is that researchers need to know the original source of things, which includes the complete original context - i.e. all refs in the older work, etc. It is a question of how to trace ideas back to the first use.
Comment: Ok, so I can write a footnote saying something like "The previous three paragraphs were taken from Surname, A. (2020), Title, Journal, Vol., Number, page numbers." Any better idea?
Comment: That might work. It is honest and clear. But a publisher may have the last word on how you do it.


what are the differences between nowjs and meteor?

Question: I saw they were both like this:
you write one code and then can run in client and server, so could someone tell me the key differences between them?
Answer: I suggest looking at some of the examples on both their sites but the main advantages/extra features of Meteor are:
- Code seems more modular with smart packages
- Your site will be fully reactive in that changes on the database and code will refresh the clients view automatically
- It doesn't seem clear how NowJS is storing the data on the server, on Meteor its with MongoDB with the future the ability to swap out to different DB types
There are many more advantages and probably some disadvantages but I am guessing these will be ironed out as Meteor is getting a fair bit of contribution.


How to add a Stroke Layer in a Collection

Question: I'm creating a 2D Animation, but I'm confused on how layers and strokes work or if they're the same, so how do you make a new layer/stroke in a Collection?
Answer: I think some of the default names for things in Blender are confusing.

A Grease pencil object (yellow line icon in outliner) can be part of a collection. There's a Grease Pencil object called 'GP Object' in the image.
A Grease Pencil object has a Grease Pencil data block (green icon in the outliner). I've called the datablock 'GP' in the image.
That data block has layers. Called 'Lines' and 'Fills' in the image.
Layers have frames (the playhead selects which frame is the current one)
Frames can have strokes and fills (made of points).
With the Grease Pencil object active, you can use the Grease Pencil datablock tab to add/remove layers.
Answer: To add to @Bitbutter's answer you can build a new collection in the Outliner like this.

And you can add new stroke to it as a new Grease Pencil object


Is there an antibuddha?

Question: Is there a figure in Buddhism corresponding to the Christian notion of such? And what would that mean, practically?
Comment: I take it that you mean a figure like the Christian notion of Satan. Or is the anti-Christ unlike Satan?
Comment: Also I guess when you say "practically" I gather that you're not interested in historical events of figures (e.g. analogous to Satan tempting Jesus in the desert), but rather what is the effect on present-day practice.
Answer: One to one comparison with Satan is not possible, but there's an angel called Mara who dislikes the existence of the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha. He tries to stop beings from attaining enlightenment.
Answer: Mara its name is Mara. It can be understood as unconscious desires of Buddha or as a literal being who comes to fight with him and does not want to get him enlightened.
Answer: It wouldn't work. The Buddha is a dependently originated entity, therefore in finality empty. An antibuddha would have to be full, but not anatta is not possible.
Answer: There is a pachcheka buddha - The one superior is the buddha.
Answer: If you are using the word anti- as it is used in Physics then no there is no anti Buddha. In physics anti-proton or anti-electron are valid particles which when meet with their counter proton or electron they get annihilated i.e particle and its anti particle annihilate each other releasing energy.  The particles die.
But Buddha has no anti Buddha. Nothing can neutralize Buddha. Whether after death Buddha exists or does not exist is not known.
However if you are using anti- for something or someone who opposes Buddha then yes there is Mara who opposes Buddha and everyone who chooses the path of enlightenment. Mara is not just anti-Buddha , he is anti-enlightenment.

Is there an antibuddha?


Pushforward of a very ample line bundle on a curve to $\mathbb{P}^1$

Question: Let $p:C\to\mathbb{P}^1$ be a degree $k$ morphism from a smooth projective curve $C$ to the projective line and $L$ a very ample line bundle on $C$. We know that $p_*\mathcal{O}_C(L)$ is a rank $k$ locally free sheaf on $\mathbb{P}^1$ and hence is in the form $\mathcal{O}(e_1)\oplus\cdots\oplus\mathcal{O}(e_k)$ by Birkhoff–Grothendieck theorem. In this case, are all $e_1,...,e_k$ positive?
Answer: No, not in general. Take $C=\mathbb{P}^1$, $L=\mathcal{O}(1)$, $p$ to be map $x\mapsto x^2$ in affine coordinates. Then $p_*L$ has rank $2$, but
$$2=h^0(L)=h^0(p_*L)=h^0(\mathcal{O}(e_1))+h^0(\mathcal{O}(e_2))$$
If $e_1$ and $e_2$  were both positive, then term on the right would be at least $4$. So this is impossible.
Added in response to comment. If you are allowed to pick $\deg L\gg 0$ relative to $k$, then I think it's probably true. Here's a result in that direction.

Lemma. If $\deg L\gg 0$ relative to $k$, then all $e_i\ge 0$.

Sketch. We can assume $L=\omega_{C/\mathbb{P}^1}(M)$ with $M$ globally generated. By a standard trick, we can find a  cyclic cover $\pi:\tilde C\to C$ such that $L$ is a direct summand of $\pi_*\omega_{\tilde C/\mathbb{P}^1}$. Then $p_*L$ is a summand of $(p\circ \pi)_*\omega_{\tilde C/\mathbb{P}^1}$. The last sheaf is semipositive by a theorem of Fujita.
I suspect with more work, you can make the $e_i$ positive, but I leave that to you.
Comment: A vector bundle $E$ on $\mathbb{P}^1$ is of the form $\ \bigoplus \mathscr{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(e_i)\,$ with the $e_i$ positive if and only if $H^1(E(-2))=0$. If $E=p_*L$, this is equivalent to $H^1(L(-2p^*[0]))=0$. This will hold in particular as soon as $\deg L > 2g(C)-2+2k$.
Comment: Thanks for your answering. But I'm still wondered whether this is true if the condition is strenghened such that the degree of $L$ is sufficiently large.
Comment: Good. That does it.