POSIX Shell: `exec` with changed arg0

Question: I want to exec a program and control it's arguments including arg0 and environment. Using C I could go for execve. Can I do this in POSIX shell?
Comment: Depending on the situation, you could make a symlink with the desired arg0 and exec that instead
Answer: According to POSIX documentation of Special Builtin Utilities, the syntax for exec is
exec [command [argument...]]

Environment of the calling shell should be propagated to command so setting it prior to exec-ing like foo=bar exec cmd should just work. However, you might want to consider the Rationale paragraph.

Most historical implementations were not conformant in that: foo=bar
exec cmd did not pass foo to cmd.

There is also no built-in way to fiddle argv[0].
a possible workaround could consist in symlinking some_name to command prior to exec some_name (full credit to muru)
Note that bash zsh and ksh do support an extended implementation of the exec command :
exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments]]

which, thanks, to the -a option enables name to stand as argv[0]

with -a argv0 set the argv[0] string of the command executed

However, neither csh nor dash nor fish support that.
Comment: A symlink won't always do the trick, because the path component may often be different from the intended argv[0], although the basename can be the same.

POSIX Shell: `exec` with changed arg0


What is the best way to constrain a binary matrix so that at most one row has positive values?

Question: I have a binary variable $x_{i,j}$ for $i\in\{1,\ldots,m\}$ and $j\in\{1,\ldots,n\}$ and the constraint is to have at most one row that has ones. I wrote this as: $$x_{i,j}+x_{i',j'}\leqslant1,\forall i'\ne i,\forall i,j,j'$$ which creates $O(m^2n^2)$ constraints. Can I have a different and better formulation?
Comment: Do you want to say that every element of one row MUST be 1 and all the other rows must be zero? Or are you trying to say that any element of only one row can be 1, but they can all be zero as well? So is it fine to have a zeros matrix?
Comment: I am trying to say that any element of only one row can be 1, but they can all be zero as well. If row 1 has non-zero elements, then all other rows must have zeros. If I sum over rows as you mentioned I may end up with different rows having non-zero element each.
Answer: Introduce a binary variable $y_{i}$ and then define these constraints:
$x_{i,j} \le y_{i} \quad \forall i, j \tag{1}$
$\sum_{i} y_i \le 1 \tag{2}$
So, at most one of the $y_i$ can be 1 and in that case, any of the elements in that row can be either 0 or 1.
Answer: Adding to the solution provided by @EhsanK. By introducing a binary variable $z$, which is 1 only if all $x_{i,j}$ are equal to 0, and adding a constraint, potential symmetries in the branch-and-bound tree can be avoided.
$x_{i,j} \le y_{i} \quad \forall i, j \tag{1}$
$\sum_{i} y_i  + z = 1 \tag{2}$
$\sum_i \sum_j x_{i,j} \geq 1-z \tag{3}$
If for example $y_1 =0.5$ in the LP-solution, and one branches on $y_1$, then one wants to partition the solution space in two. However, if one does not have the variable $z$ and the additional constraint, then the solution where all $x_{i,j}$ equals 0 is contained in both partitions after branching on $y_1$.
To be clear, I am not saying including $z$ and the additional constraint is going to perform better, but in some cases it might.


Boxes appearing in online PDF

Question: I work for a magazine and every so often we get ads (PDF format) that run through the pre-flight process with no errors. I will export a PDF with the ads out of InDesign and these boxes appear. This does not show up when we go to print, but we have an online edition which has the boxes. Does anyone know what causes this?
Thanks!
Answer: They are display anomalies from the transparency flattener. each one of those lines is a bounding box around where some transparency was flattened.
How are you handling the the original art to online edition process?
Comment: The original art comes in as a PDF. I use Acrobat to run a pre-flight for fixes. Is there anything I can do within Acrobat to prevent this from happening?
Comment: Once you preflight in Acrobat, how do you end up with a JPG or PNG (or whatever) to display online? That will be where the boxes are occurring. Or, it it that your online  edition is actually a PDF?
Comment: The online edition is a PDF. I use the "Press Quality" setting in InDesign when I export it.

Boxes appearing in online PDF


How to make dynamic google map in block?

Question: I want to make block with two links that lead to different gmaps position. Also gmaps is in that block.
So, block haves address text with two location and by clicking on that location i want that gmaps change the position of marker without reloading all page. So it is need to be dynamic block. Any help?
Answer: you could start by creating a custom module if you want , there's plenty of tutorials on the drupal website to help you get started then , in the block template add the js you need to create that map with the coordinates you want  . or using views , like in this post
 hope it helps


Fractional powers of an operator

Question: What is the large class of operators for which one can define fractional powers? For example, we can consider an operator $A: D(A) \subset X \rightarrow X$, generator of an analytic semigroup on a Banach space $X$. Can we define the powers $(-A)^\alpha$ for $\alpha>0$ without additional assumptions? I found some references with some restrictions on the spectrum of $A$ or on the associated semigroup. I'm wondering if there is a general definition without further assumption. Any reference would be helpful.
Comment: Bochner's subordination works for general $C_0$ semigroups, and Balakrishnan's formula is, I think, even more general. [C. Martínez, M. Sanz, *The Theory of Fractional Powers of Operators*. North-Holland Math. Studies 187, Amsterdam, 2001] is an outstanding reference.
Comment: For Bochner's subordination, it is sufficient to assume that $A$ generates a $C_0$ semigroup of contractions (no need for exponential stability). I think "$\exp(tA)$ uniformly bounded" is fine, too. Bochner's subordination and Balakrishnan's formula indeed coincide in this setting. I do not think there is a general approach under significantly weaker assumptions; if $A = \varepsilon \operatorname{Id}$ for any $\varepsilon > 0$, there is no meaningful way to define $(-A)^\alpha$.
Comment: Thank you! For the restrictions I meant, the analytic semigroup needs to be exponentially stable. I'm wondering if I can omit this assumption. An other question: are all these definitions equivalent?
Comment: Thank you so much!
Answer: This question was considered by Functional Analysis specialists around 1960 or earlier. In the case of Banach Algebras $C(X)$ (for Hausdorff compact $X$) this gets reduced often to studying the auto-homeomorphisms of $X$, and it is extra interesting when the compact space is nice. In this context, in 1961, I have rediscovered that orientation preserving homeomorphisms of $\,X:=[0;1]\,$ admit square root (and quite a bit more but I didn't know at the time that the group of homeomorphisms was described already in full by someone else, sometimes earlier). This means that there are root squares (and similar) of the respective operators. I also constructed an orientation preserving homeomorphism of $\,\Bbb S^1\,$ which does not admit a square root hence the respective operator didn't either. The later result was presented in a monograph by Marek Kuczma, on functional equations, (which made me feel good, especially that I was a student at the time).
Comment: Thank you for your answer. I'm interested especially to operators in semigroup framework.

Fractional powers of an operator


Openvpn to stream media to Android

Question: If I set up an openvpn rig like this, could I use the official openvpn app (or anything, I don't care as long as it's free) to stream videos from the home PC to my Android device when I'm away from home?
Answer: As long as your OpenVPN server is accessible from outside your home network, you should be able to access services on your home PC. You can use a HTTP server such as Apache or nginx to serve your content.
Comment: I now have OpenVPN running and I am able to connect to the VPN from my android device using the OpenVPN Connect app.  What additional steps must I take to access media on the PC running the OpenVPN server?
Comment: @JB0x2D1 Install a server (nginx for example), change its configuration to listen on at least the OpenVPN tun/tap interface (or all addresses). After that, you can access your media via the webservice listening on the OpenVPN server's private IP address. Do not forget to configure permissions appropriately, i.e., the nginx user must be able to read files and descend directories.

Openvpn to stream media to Android


When we need fine tuning of CNN?

Question: I want to know the situation that when we need fine tuning of model that is save the weights of the model trained on old data? Is it needed when we use same training set but try it on different test set or is it required when we have to use different training sets and different training labels? What advantage we will get from this fine tuning?
Comment: For example, if the underlying population on which the model is to be applied has appreciably changed since training.  This is true of all predictive models, not just CNNs.
Comment: what if for the first case I use different training set and test set and for send case I use another training and test set. But for both situations I want to use same model
Answer:
What advantage we will get from this fine tuning?

Pros:

Greatly reduced training time. By using pre-trained weights, the model's first few layers are already very effective. You just need to train the final layers of your model.
Improved performance. Models you usually used are pre-trained on large scale datasets (most commonly the ImageNet dataset). Because CNNs performance improves with more training data, the lower-level filters of pre-trained models are probably superior to filters trained on smaller datasets.
Counter over-fitting on small datasets. CNNs need a lot of data to generalize properly, even when data augmentation techniques are applied. When trained on small datasets, their lower and mid-level filters tend to adapt specifically to the training set, leading the model to overfit. In contrast ImageNet is a very large (millions of images) and very diverse (1000 classes) dataset and filters of CNNs trained on it can extract very generic features. Using a pre-trained network is the only way I'm aware of with which you can train a CNN effectively on

Cons:

No guarantee that the initialization point of the weights is a good starting point; they could be stuck in a local minimum. On the other hand by training a model from scratch could lead to a better solution, which might be unobtainable by starting from the initialization point of the pre-trained model. This is relevant if both runs (initial training and fine-tuning) are done on the same dataset.
Restricted architecture. The most important downside of using pre-trained models are that we are restricted to use exactly the same architecture, which might not be desirable. The good thing is that pre-trained weights are available for almost all state-of-the-art models.

From the above you can see why using pre-trained models is so popular and why you should use them in almost any situation. When shouldn't you use a pre-trained model? Only in the occasions where you might want to build your own architecture.

Is it needed when we use same training set but try it on different test set or is it required when we have to use different training sets and different training labels?

You can use it in both cases, but in the second case you need to drop the final layers of the pre-trained model (i.e. the ones used to classify the images) with your own layers.

When we need fine tuning of CNN?


Does anybody know the origin of the phrase 'clued up'?

Question: Does anybody know the origin of the phrase 'clued up'?
Comment: Are you sure it isn't "cued up"?
Answer: etymonline has this hint about "to clue" as a verb

1590s, phonetic variant of clew "a
  ball of thread or yarn," with
  reference to the one Theseus used as a
  guide out of the Labyrinth. The purely
  figurative sense of "that which points
  the way" is from 1620s. The verb
  meaning "to inform someone of the
  important facts" is attested by 1934.

So the etymological "thread" is a follows
"clew" (Theseus thread provided by Ariadne) => "clue" => "to clue (someone)" => "to be clued".
There is also a different, but related, meaning in the nautical domain: [OED]

to draw the lower ends or clews (of
  sails) up to the upper yard or the
  mast in preparation for furling or for
  making 'goose-wings'

but in this case, the preferred spelling is "clew up".
Answer: A ship with its sails clewed up is ready to set sail. It decribes the sails furled only with two  lines at the ends of yard. The gaskets, lines that tie the sail to yard  have been removed. The buntlines, lines that haul the sail up, are slackened. . It is fully prepared to let loose the sail at a moments notice.  A person who is clued up is likewise fully prepared to go forth on their task

Does anybody know the origin of the phrase ‘clued up’?


What do I do with unused spackle

Question: Of course they don't have really small containers of spackle.  I haven't even used 1/8 of it - Is there anything you can do with the leftovers?  How long can you store it?
Comment: Use it! You can never spackle enough. :p
Comment: give your kids a bowling ball, guaranteed to put new holes in the walls.
Comment: Worst case, donate it to the local habitat-for-humanity or building materials resell center.
Comment: There are always holes to fill. I keep a list and do them all at once. In the cellar there are some really big holes to use up any leftovers. My kids laugh when they see me wandering around with the pot and the knife "any holes need filling?".
Answer: Seal tightly and hope. I've had it stay good for a decade.
Worst that happens is you throw it out then.
Comment: +1 And press a piece of plastic wrap down on the surface of the spackle to reduce air contact.
Comment: Absolutely sprinkle just a tiny bit of water on top and seal it with plastic wrap before putting the lid on. Years vs. months.

What do I do with unused spackle


How to manually make sure the database schema is right?

Question: I updated my drupal installation to 7.7 and now it keeps giving me an alert that the database schema needs to be updated for views and google analytics. I click on it and follow the onscreen instructions and there are NO errors, and the message is still there. Can I manually make sure the schema is up to date and deactivate the warning message?
Comment: You will need to provide more information to get any help. What alert? What directions?
Answer: The Schema module gives you a lot of different tools to handle your schema; for example, it checks whether your schema is in sync with your database.
Answer: Usually, what you have to do to update the database schema after core, module or theme upgrades is to call <code>/update.php</code> in your browser, as documented here:
    Updating modules: Run update.php
If you use drush, you can do the same with the following command as per the drush documentation:
<code>  drush updatedb
</code>


In general, do Japanese people communicate formally or informally when conversing on a forum/commenting/chat?

Question: I  am asking for general use, when it is not clear whether you should be talking in formal/informal.
Comment: How to distinguish "formal" conversation from "informal" one? Japanese language has several levels of politeness. Internet uses "politely neutral" one usually.
Answer: Taking "formally" to mean 丁寧語 here, I think it depends.
Chatting/Twitter/BBS
If you use your real name, I think the usual rules apply (which are too complex to fully describe here, but I'll mention some aspects). Use 丁寧語 with people you don't know well and people older than you. If you aren't talking at someone (say, a non-@ tweet, or saying something random in a chatroom), then no 丁寧語 seems to be mostly fine. Also like in real life, if you are much older then you can drop the 丁寧語 with younger people. There are of course some people who break this pattern and just almost never use 丁寧語 when chatting despite using their real name, but I think that is not too common.
If you don't use your real name, and especially if you're also talking to someone else who doesn't use their real name, then there's no real need for 丁寧語 as far as I can tell. This is quite common on 2ch, IRC, ニコニコ, etc. where most people don't bother using it.
Forums
I think 丁寧語 is quite common on forums and Q&A sites, regardless of if you're using your real name. I guess it's just because they have a more serious feel to them, and because you're often asking things of people.
Things might be more detailed or different than this in certain places, but it's what I've determined personally.


Can you be arrested for accidentally signing a recipt for someone else's order?

Question: I may have signed a credit card receipt for someone else's pizza order, giving a tip as well. The deliver driver gave my address so I had assumed my aunt or uncle ordered without telling me, then I got the customer receipt with the delivery address on it and it wasn't my address. Can I be arrested for this?
Comment: Who is the "person" in the second sentence - the driver or someone else? Where's the order now? Now that you know the correct address, is there any reason why you can't just take it round and explain the mix-up?
Comment: Me. And this happened last night.
Comment: Okay, but where's the package? Being arrested will depend on whether you intend to keep it, or return it / deliver it to the rightful owner.
Comment: I probably should have clarified it was a pizza order.
Comment: So you, your aunt and/or your uncle ate the pizza?
Comment: What happened to the food? That's where things get interesting. Anything before you found out it was a wrong delivery would be no big problem.
Answer: The primary question is whether you actually committed a crime in signing a credit card receipt, when you are not the cardholder nor are you authorized to sign on behalf of the cardholder: did you commit fraud? It is not possible to accidentally commit fraud, you have to have intended to deceived the other party that you are authorized to sign. For the sake of discussion, I will assume that you had no such intention.
Presumably, the person who ordered the stuff will wonder "where is my stuff?", will complain to the vendor, they may then find the signed receipt and some evidence regarding where the goods were delivered. Whether or not they contact you asking for an explanation / return of the goods, the police would have to investigate the situation in light of some allegation that you committed fraud. The police will not just come knocking on the door and nab you (in the US: North Korean law is different). In many jurisdictions, there is a requirement for a warrant supported by probable cause.
If the investigation provides sufficient credible evidence proving that you did intentionally falsely sign the receipt, to the point that given those facts you would be convicted of the crime, then there is probable cause for a warrant for your arrest. The fact of signing a receipt is not probable cause to support such an arrest, but other facts could be added to reach that level of evidence.
Answer: For some reasons, two neighbours get food deliveries and give my address. Direct next door, and three houses further on. Fortunately, I know I didn't order, and my wife would tell me if she ordered, so I always managed to redirect the deliveries.
So it seems the food company had the right address on the receipt, but the drlivery driver had your address. It was plausible and likely to you that it was a correct delivery to your uncle and aunt.
Signing would be no legal problem, the problem would come after that. What would have been perfect would be to call the food company when you found out, or take the food to the right address if nearby. On the other hand, if you, your aunt and uncle said "Great, free food!" and ate it, that would be a problem.
So what happened to the food? I assume the real customer got refunded; if you are the food you should offer to the food company to pay for it.


If current through a resistor is zero, does the circuit break?

Question: I'm really confused. I'm studying about how capacitors are charged, and I learnt that there's a resistor attached in series with the capacitor when it is being charged. When the capacitor is fully charged, the current doesn't flow through the resistor anymore, as there's no potential difference across it. But, if that's the case, then how is circuit completed anymore, since resistor is in series with the capacitor?
Comment: A capacitor *is* a break in a circuit. The key thing to understand about capacitors is that electrical *current* can still flow through breaks, even when electrical *charge* cannot -- but what this means is that around the break, there is a charge buildup which then builds a voltage that opposes further current flow, until yes, that circuit is broken. I don't think this answers your question directly but maybe indirectly it gives some insight that maybe it is a mistake for our language to be so absolute about a "completed" circuit versus a "broken" one.
Answer: I learnt that there's a resistor attached across the capacitor.
The situation you are describing is not one where there is a resistor across the capacitor. Across means one end of the resistor is connected to one end of the capacitor and the other end of the resistor is connected to the other end of the capacitor. That's called being in parallel with the capacitor.
The situation you are describing is one where the resistor is in series with the capacitor and a source of electrical potential, say a battery. See the circuit diagram below which shows a battery, switch, resistor, and initially uncharged capacitor (no initial voltage on the capacitor).
When the switch S is open you can see that obviously no current will flow in the circuit. Things start at time t=0 when the switch S closes.
An ideal capacitor has the property that you can not change the voltage across it in zero time. So when the switch is first closed, the capacitor looks like a short circuit, i.e., zero resistance device. Imagine replacing the capacitor with a wire when the switch first closes. Now according to ohms law,
$$I=\frac{V}{R}$$
That means at time t=0 the current is simply the battery voltage divided by the resistor shown in the circuit. At time t=0 this is the maximum current that will flow in the circuit. After that, current decreases in time.
As current flows, however, charge is delivered to the capacitor and voltage across the capacitor increases in time. Put the capacitor back in the circuit. As long as the voltage across the capacitor, call it $V_{C}$, is still less then the battery voltage, $V$, current will continue to flow and will be
$$I=\frac{V-V_{C}}{R}$$
Eventually the build up of charge on the capacitor will result in $V_{C}=V$. From the previous equation that means $I=0$, that is, as you say "When the capacitor is fully charged, the current doesn't flow through the resistor anymore, as there's no potential difference across it".
Since the current is now zero, the voltage across the resistor which equals $IR$ is zero.
Hope this helps.
Answer: The voltage over the resistor is the difference between that over capacitor and the voltage source, that is, zero. The circuit is closed but the two voltage sources cancel out.
Answer: Are we talking about a capacitor and a resistor in parallel? Then it is the other way around:

In the beginning, all current is directed towards the capacitor since that path has smallest (zero) effective resistance.
As the capacitor fills up with charge, further incoming charge is being resisted by repulsion more and more. The current is thus gradually diverted through the resistor instead.
When the capacitor is fully charged, it now acts as having infinitely large effective resistance, and all the current flows through the resistor.

At this filled stage, there is a potential difference (voltage) across the resistor just as there would be of the capacitor wasn't present. A filled capacitor has no influence on a DC circuit and can be considered a hole in the circuit (infinite resistance).
Answer: The capacitor is two conducting plates seperated by an insulating material.When we connect the capacitor to a battery the cathode of the battery attracts electrons from one conducting plate.The anode of the battery repels ele ctrons to the second conducting plate.While doing so it willis create a potential difference across the two plates whixh will resist the flow of charges.ThisI will continue happening until the potential difference is big enough to stop the flow of charges.
Answer: For a capacitor in series with a resistor in a closed DC circuit, consider the battery to be an electron "pump".  The battery doesn't create any electrons, it just moves them from one place to another.  This means that when the circuit is closed, the battery takes an electron off of one plate of the capacitor, moves it through the circuit, and deposits it on the other plate of the capacitor.
When the electron is moved to one plate of the capacitor, there is a net negative charge on that plate and a net positive charge of equal magnitude on the other plate, because that is where the electron came from.  Since one electron has a very tiny charge, the battery can move other electrons to the negative plate, and it can keep doing this for a fairly large number of electrons.  However, as the charge builds up on the negative plate, the electrons that are there repel any new electrons that the battery is adding to the plate, because like charges repel.  This means that electrons are moved to the negative plate until the voltage drop across the capacitor is equal to the battery voltage.  At that point, the battery can't add any more electrons to the negative capacitor plate, and current in the circuit stops.  Thus, there is current flow in the circuit until the capacitor is fully charged, but as other posters have pointed out, there is no current flow across the plates of the capacitor because the capacitor plates are separated by a very tiny gap with an electrical insulator in between them.


Having Two 100 amp main panels?

Question: House has 100amp service. 100amp main panel inside home. 50amp sub panel in detached carport/laundry room coming from main panel. Can I run from the main outside at the meter to a new 100 amp panel in a detached workshop?
Comment: You probably can, but you will still only have 100 amps to use.  More panels do not give you more power, only your power provider can do that,after upgrading service/panel/s.
Answer: The meter is not a circuit breaker.  So if you came straight off the meter, this wire would be "always-live" and totally unprotected by a circuit breaker.  It could burn and burn, and nothing on earth would stop it!
So you need to run from the main panel, as you need to fit a circuit breaker, and that is where one will fit.
If you swapped out your meter pan for a meter-main with a 100A breaker, then yes, your plan would work. You could come off the 100A breaker and split to both the house and the workshop.  However the wire to the workshop would need to be 100A rated (so the 100A meter-main breaker protects it).
If you run from the house panel, you can use any wire size you want, and any breaker size that will protect the wire.
Since your entire service size is 100A, you are allowed to use #2 AWG aluminum.  Normally you'd need #1 AWG.
Answer: By code you can have another 100a panel at the garage.
however with the recent code changes the main disconnect outside at the meter location usually a larger service is installed and each of the panels at the house and garage are sub panels
you can use a main breaker panel and pull the bonding screw or jumper.
Feeding it from the outside service panel but your total is still only 100a  if the service is 100A.
Having a "main" in the house may allow your service to be upgraded and the house fed with a 100 amp breaker and the shop with a 100, then you only have to upsize the wire from the meter to the service drop, and the wire from the panel to the garage.
Depending on your state and AHJ this can be an easy DIY , or complex job requiring electricians.

Having Two 100 amp main panels?


Does a birch clump need to be trained?

Question: I planted a clump of three birch trees.  Do the trunks need to be trained to get the desired spacing or angle as they grow?
Comment: Update: After using three stakes and two panty hose per  trunk for a summer, the tree was pretty stable.  I have no pulled the stakes but used small copper tubing formed into a circle with a coupling to keep the trunks moving as one in the wind and to keep them separated at a desirable distance from each other.  The copper will patina too and should look great.  I should sell them. ;)
Answer: This is more of an esthetic issue. Only you know what the right look is.  If this was a bonsai you would be justified in any amount of wiring, wrapping and pruning to achieve one of the many styles.
For outdoor plants beauty is in the eye of the beholder. The less staking and wiring you have to do to a tree the better. As this ISA publication clearly states "Stake or guy a tree only when necessary for the specific conditions encountered."
You may wish to do corrective pruning for broken or crossing branches or if the canopy is very thick at the expense of foliage at the lower levels.  My experience with birches is that they cast a light shade and do not tend to get too thick.
What is more likely to be an issue in urban areas is the birch leafminer and the bronze birch borer.  Between the two of these many birches in urban areas have died and it is almost impossible to grow European or Asian birches in North America due to them.
Long term success with birches is enhanced by planting them in an area that mimics their natural environment on flood plains or close to water. The dry, compacted soils with competition from grass that are typical of urban areas are not a good fit.
Some ideas that may help:

if the area is dry divert downspout water or water during drought conditions
remove all grass for at least a three foot ( one meter) diameter from the base of the trunk
top dress from the trunk to the drip line twice yearly with compost or similar to enhance the organic matter of the soil
do not plant near a heavy traffic are. Compacted soil is hard on trees.
observe similar birches in your neighborhood. Do you see birches dying from the top downwards in a single season?  If so, the leaf miner and borer are present in your area and might attack your birch depending on species and stress levels.
Comment: This particular species is supposed to be resistant to the bore beetle.  We shall see...

Does a birch clump need to be trained?


can a search for the individuals in a group display notes instead of address, etc

Question: I would like to be able to read the notes for a group of individuals when I am looking at the resulting list of contacts from a search.
Answer: That might be a little visually difficult if they have 30 notes, but here's two options:

At the search results screen select some or all and then from the actions dropdown at the top of the list choose Export.
In the export screens choose "select fields for export".
When choosing the fields, include the field called "Note(s)".

If you want it on the screen instead of an export, and you're ok with only seeing the first note you can do like so:

Go to Administer - Customize Data and Screens - Profiles.
Click on the Reserved tab.
Click on "Fields" on the right side of the screen next to the Summary Overlay one.
Click Add Field.
For field name, select Contacts , and then the one called "Note".
Click save.
Do a search and in the search results list, if you hover over the contact icon in the 2nd column you'll see the first note in the popup that comes up.
Answer: I'd originally thought that Demerit's solution only showed one note. But testing again, it does have all notes but in one row comma separated, which is confusing, particularly with multi-line notes. Also the subjects are not included. I don't think there is a perfect solution!
If you had a very particular thing you wanted to do, you might consider a multi-value custom field, which you can view in certain reports (something derived from Constituent Summary works) but beware that there are other limitations of multi-valued custom fields so think it all through.
I'd thought that you might be able to use a report instead of a search (based on my idea above) but you can't get the notes in a report!
Comment: Hi @Mick Kahn my tests showed the export option does include all notes.
Comment: @Demerit, sorry you are right - it does include all the text of the notes (but not the subjects). I'd expected them to be separate rows in the spreadsheet and hadn't spotted that they had been run together (they are comma separated, but this is easily confused with commas in the text) because some of my notes were many lines (imported from elsewhere, so some odd characters as well). So your answer is useful in some circumstances. Will adjust my comment above. My suggestion above still may be better in some situations as it can include the equivalent of subject and uses separate rows on export


Do companies sell new securities before or after a prospectus about the offering?

Question: There wasn't any specific information on when exactly the transactions take place. So are the companies able to engage in the actual sale of the new securities prior to giving the public the base prospectus?
Answer: Before raising funds [Initial Public Offering or secondary Public Offering], every company has to file a Base prospectus that gives various details of the company, how much funds are going to be raised, how they are utilized amongst other things. These are scrutinized by the regulators / exchanges to validate that the information is true reflection. This is base prospectus. Generally there is also pricing.
The shelf registration has base prospectus approved. Once this is approved, the company can decide pricing pretty quickly depending on market conditions.


What is this pipe coming out of the petrol tank under the seat

Question: Sorry, this is a newbie question, but what is this pipe coming out from the petrol tank under the seat? The bike is a 1989 Kawasaki ZZR 250:
Answer: It's a gasoline vent tube, serving three purposes.

Gasoline vapors can be especially dangerous under pressure (pretty much why it is useful), and as the temperature fluctuates it is safer to relieve the vapor pressure than it is to potentially have it build up. The gasoline vapors should preferably not be ejected onto a potential spark source (battery) or hot running motor.
As fuel is drawn through the carburetors or fuel pump, that volume must be replaced in the tank with fresh air or the vacuum in the tank will resist further gasoline extraction. When drawn up a long tube with very little vacuum, there is little chance of it pulling in large amounts of water, dirt, dust, or other contaminants.
If the tank were nearly full cold and then heated, or somehow overfilled, this would allow the excess to drain through the tube toward the ground in a safer area than dripping on a hot engine or battery.
Comment: If you want to see them in action...  Expansion and dripping of fuel out the vent tubes can be readily observed in airplanes that are filled up cold and sit out all day in the Sun.
Comment: I've had it happen on hot days with my motorcycle as the fuel is kept cold underground, but it wasn't much and I had to deliberately overfill it by pulling the nozzle out while filling.
Comment: My bike is known to run poorly if that hose is blocked - the main purpose is to allow fuel to exit the tank easily.
Answer: Its a petrol overflow drain pipe. In case if you fill fuel that overflows it ll be drained through that pipe. it may also have internal connection with a pipe with drains rain water or any water that tries to get into the tank.


does 4 amps make a big difference?

Question: i am building a charging station for my lipo batteries for my hobby. i have 2 lead acid batteries, 12v@18ah and another 12v@22ah want to couple these in parallel to bump up the the amps. i have heard the facts about charging and discharging batteries with different amps. but my question is will 4amps be that big of a difference? if so i will have to go out and find another battery to match one of the two. thanks for the info
Comment: 18ah is amp-hours, not amps.
Comment: Probably OK if they are same sub-type (gel cell vs AGM vs flooded) and same stage of life (new/old). I would DEFINITELY put a fuse on each cell separately, and carefully monitor cell temperature the first few times you charge and discharge them. Also, you need to voltage balance them before you connect them in parallel.
Comment: also would there be a difference for the application intended when it comes to "ah" and "amps"?
Comment: dont know for sure what sub-type they are i got them from a electric shop that uses the batteries for emergency exit lights. i know they were removed because the shop went to a different system so instead of throwing them out i took them, i was planning to charge them using a battery tender since that does slow charging.
Answer: You may freely have batteries of the same voltage and chemistry connected in parallel, regardless of their capacities, and charge and discharge them as one.
However, there are several precautions to observe.
Lead acid batteries are not always the same 'chemistry' for charging. The two main types are wet cell, and sealed gel cell. With the former, you fully charge with a constant current, as you are able to top up the water lost. With the latter, you use a constant voltage, and at full charge the current falls low enough that the cell is able to recombine its gases internally to retain its water.
You will probably be lucky in that, as both batteries were from an emergency lighting system, they are overwhelmingly likely to both be gel cells, as emergency systems tend to float charge their batteries to keep them in readiness.
Assuming they are both the same type, then it's good to have them at the same voltage before you connect them.
Lead acid cells can support very high output currents, so it's essential to fuse protect the wiring from them. This really means one fuse per battery, which has the added advantage of protecting either battery from a short failure in the other.

does 4 amps make a big difference?


How do you write a succesful character development without changing your character?

Question: In dystopias, you can't avoid the fact that your protagonist is going to be changed from their experience. Not only this, but it's important for them to change for good character development to happen. However, how do you write good character development without completely changing your character?
Examples

My character has a good sense of humour, sometimes sarcastic and sometimes almost childlike. Her quirkiness and humour is a key part of her character. From what I've read about certain types of trauma, it can be hard to maintain humour afterwards, but if I take it away, wouldn't that change her too much?
My character is an optimist and tries to make light of most situations. She also has a huge moral compass. Again, they are huge aspects in her character. Obviously, going through some pretty traumatic events would probably cause her to be not so optimistic as well as changing some moral views. Same problem as above.
Just an example from a well known book; Katniss Everdeen was always serious and intent on both her own and other's survival. Although by the end she does come out scarred and broken, you can still recognise her as the same character, just with huge character development. How do I manage that?

Traumatic experiences will inherently cause a character to act and think differently, potentially even changing views and personalities. But I still want my protagonist to be recongnisable as the character introduced at the beginning of the book, even if she is more mature, wiser and probably traumatised. But if her key characteristics all seem to be obliterated by her expeience, wouldn't she basically be a different person?
(That's something I don't want. Character development - yes. New character - no.)
Answer: Naive beliefs
Set up your character with some naive beliefs, preferably something involving your theme/plot.
These naive beliefs will be directly challenged in your story. MC wants to hold on to these beliefs, but must let them go to progress through the plot.
Essentially these naive beliefs are holding your character back (the antagonists win). Letting go means sacrificing something, but in exchange for switching to a more pro-active character with their own agency (the character starts winning).
'Character growth' not 'broken character'
I'm not sure you are 'breaking' the MC, that is something that happens in Tragedy and Horror –– typically the MC would start relatively 'high' and experience a fall that is not recoverable.
I am guessing your 'dystopia' is more closely aligned with YA, so I'd expect your MC to be an underdog who 'levels up' through experience.


We Quotient an algebraic structure to generate equivalence classes?

Question: Till now I visualized Quotient groups as a technique to generate equivalence classes whenever needed, as in $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$. But now I have a feeling of doubt since I haven't seen a book that introduces the concept of Quotient groups or rings as a technique to generate equivalence classes. Is my visualization correct? What are the other purposes of finding Quotient of an algebraic structure?
Comment: Yes, "technicaly", as you say, it "generates equivalence classes". But, usually, doing it, it's much more that that. The quotient set can be endowed with a richer structure that the original set, for example, when $p$ is prime, $\mathbb{Z/pZ}$ is a field whereas $\mathbb{Z}$ is only a ring..., or with a simpler structure, etc.
Comment: You first of all define the relation of equivalence, and then you can define an operation on the set of equivalence classes. If you take $\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$, this is only a set, but you cane define what mean $[x]_p+[y]_p$. This is only a trivial example. The question its very hard.
Comment: @JeanMarie so, though equivalence classes are themselves beautiful structures (like ideal classes), but we quotient an algebraic structure with an expectation of creating an algebraically richer structure?
Comment: This is a standard way for example to build fields by quotienting a ring by a [**maximal** ideal ](https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Maximal_Ideal_iff_Quotient_Ring_is_Field)(the case $\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z/pZ}$ being a particular case.)
Comment: @rationalbeing : I don't know if [this](http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1706973) could help you…
Comment: @Watson thanks, but I am very much comfortable with the examples:)
Answer: Sure, thinking that quotient structures "generate equivalence classes" is an "okay" perspective. Frankly, it is not the only and not necessarily the most important one. Here is a different one:
Quotient structures (quotient groups, quotient rings, etc.) are examples of coequalizers. Though this fact is usually (I think?) referred to as the "Fundamental theorem on homomorphisms" (due to historical reasons I dare say).
You probably know this theorem (for different kinds of algebraic structures) already. But perhaps you have not realized yet: This theorem basically states exactly what a quotient structure is, up to a canonical isomorphism. This is basically as good as saying "uniquely".
You can say that a quotient group for a congruence relation $\sim$ on (let's say) a group $G$ is a group $\tilde{G}$, such that there is an (epi-)morphism $\varphi : G \to \tilde{G}$, such that $x\sim y \Rightarrow \varphi(x) = \varphi(y)$, such that for all groups $H$ and morphisms $f : G\to H$ with $x\sim y \Rightarrow f(x)=f(y)$, there is a unique morphism $h : \tilde{G} \to H$ such that $h\circ \varphi = f$.
Note that if $N$ is a normal subgroup of $G$ we would get $\sim$ explicitely by $x\sim y \Leftrightarrow xN = yN$. Conversily said $N$ is actually $\ker \varphi$.
For every other group $\tilde{G}_2$ with a morphism $\varphi_2 : G\to \tilde{G}_2$ with the same property as $\varphi$ there is a unique isomorphism $i : \tilde{G} \to \tilde{G}_2$ such that $i \circ \varphi = \varphi_2$.
The only reason why hardly anyone takes this as the definition of a quotient group is because a more explicit description via equivalence classes is already well-known and established.
Answer: We use quotients to introduce relations that might not have been present in the original structure. This has the effect of removing some elements. Here are some examples:

$G/[G,G]$ introduces commutativity in a group.
$K[X]/(f(x))$ introduces a zero of $f$.
$R/N$ removes the nilpotents elements in a ring ($N$ is the nilradical).


How to reverse a 240 single phase 7.5 hp motor

Question: Trying to use a WEG 240 Volt electric motor from a IR compressor to power a different compressor pump. The electric motor is wired for CW rotation and I need CCW. The motor has 2 Start Capacitors in series and 1 Run Capacitor. Looking inside the motor there are 4 wires coming off the windings but I am not sure if its possible to reverse the rotation. Can't figure out how to change the polarity on Starting Winding.
Thank You
Comment: draw  diagram whowing what connects to where, include include a photo of the the motor name plate if present.
Answer: If there are four wires coming from the motor windings not including the switch that disconnects the starting capacitor, you just need to swap two that are connected to opposite ends of the same set winding.
If the switch is in the interior of the motor with the windings, then two of the four wires connect the start and rum capacitors to opposite sides of the switch and the two windings have a common connection point that is not accessible. In that case, the motor can not be reversed.
Since the motor has a terminal block with moveable links but only the two power wires and two motor wires, I suspect the motor is not reversible. Reversible motors with that type of terminal block usually have all of the necessary wires connected to the block and a diagram in or on the motor showing how to position the links for each direction.
It is possible the the motor has two identical windings. In that case, it could safely be reversed simply changing which of the two windings is connected to the capacitors. However, if that is the case, that would be indicated on the motor nameplate. If the windings are not identical and you change the connection, the motor will reverse, but is likely tt be damaged before long.


Way to Prevent Rusting Racks?

Question: I'm using metal racks with sous-vide cooking to help keep the packets separate, and they're rusting on me. The racks are mostly chrome plated (or maybe nickle). Is there a waterproof paint or coating that I could apply to a non-rusted rack that would protect it? It would have to be a food safe coating (ie I could eat food if I were to cook on it directly), ideally oven safe, and preferably durable enough to scrub. Does something like that exist?
Comment: Reviews talking of stainless knives or stainless pots, racks, trays rusting? The stainless steel used for knives is a very different alloy and for more prone to rusting. Besides that: brine, acids and galvanic corrosion (dissimilar metals + electrolyte) get the better of many supposedly stainless metals.
Comment: What's special about the racks that you couldn't replace them with something made of stainless steel? This would be a permanent solution unlike trying to coat plated steel, and would probably be cheaper in the long run
Comment: That is acceptable, it's just that I frequently see items labeled as "stainless" get reviews that talk about rusting.
Answer: If you need to use metal racks, the solution is to acquire stainless steel racks...food safe, oven safe, washable....you probably just need 1/4 sheet pan racks, like this.
Comment: @Luciano, ahh, I see.  I linked the 1/2 size.  I meant to link the 1/4 size.  That is now corrected. Still might not work for everyone, but easier to fit into smaller containers.
Comment: I believe the type of racks OP is referring to is similar to this one https://www.amazon.com/LIPAVI-Float-preventer-Stainless-L10X/dp/B07NZV5R8H I got a similar one so I don't need to worry about bags clumping together or water getting in the ziplocks. The one in the link says "marine 316 steel" so no rust?
Comment: @Luciano could be as those came standard with one of the earlier versions of home sous vide (sous vide supreme, I believe). Almost anything will work, the idea is just to create space for circulation while helping keep the bag submerged.  I happen to use the racks I linked to because they can serve more than one purpose in my kitchen.
Comment: indeed the one you suggest are more versatile, but for sous-vide they might be too big to fit in a home cooking container. Also (at least where I live) I can't find those for cheap

Way to Prevent Rusting Racks?


Missing file that was open in another program while renaming it in Windows Explorer

Question: I'm running Windows 10 (build 1903) and using Cinch Audio Recorder to record streaming audio. Cinch saves the file as both .mp3 and .wav files in default folders when recording stops and titles them Track1.(filetype), Track2.(filetype), and so on. After the track was finished recording, I opened the default save folder so I could move the file, but I wanted to rename it first (which had saved by default as Track2.wav). Unfortunately, when I tried to do that, I ran into a dialog box stating the file could not be renamed because it was still open in the audio recorder. It gave me the option to Cancel or Try Again. Cancel did not respond, so I closed Cinch and clicked Try Again on the warning dialog box. The file disappeared, leaving an empty folder. I searched for Track2.wav in Windows Explorer (widening the parameters to "this PC"), but the search yielded no results. What happened to it?
Answer: Cinch , as all the other audio recording softwear, store parts of the recorded audio in a temporary folder and append those to the main file. So when you tried to rename that partial file, it crashed and because you closed the recorder, the partial file is discarded.


How to move the gizmo of a section?

Question: How to move the gizmo of a section of to make a scale (NOT relative to the center of the selection)? When I do it with the cursor it crushes all in 1 single point
Comment: Hello. From which part do you want to scale?
Answer: When you say section, I assume you mean selection or group of objects (more than one object).
First you move your 3d Cursor from the origin (0,0,0) to where you want to center your transform.

Then select your objects, set "Transition Orientation" to be relative to "Cursor", than any rotation or scale or move will be relative to that cursor point.

(please if this is your answer, please mark it as ANSWER so I can build credits)
Comment: I want to move the gizmo from a selection of edge to the left in the center of the mesh of the mesh then scale
Comment: there is no way to do it, except after making the selection and placing the cursor (i couldn't find how to move the cursor to the selection gizmo except by hand) then edit from there .

In Maya you unlock your gizmo, you move it where you want (do not modify the selection) then relock and you make the modification.
Comment: I would place the cursor first, then make the selection.   In an example (https://blend-exchange.com/b/Qw2vX3Jo/), I set the cursor to a selected vertex on Sphere.001, set transform pivot point to 3d Cursor, and then a rotate or scale is relative to that point.   I the VIEW tool, you can see the XYZ position of the cursor and change it precisely.   Or you could create an empty, position that and align the 3d cursor to the empty.   If this is nowhere near what you are looking for, then you might want to add detail to your description, especially a screenshot.

How to move the gizmo of a section?


Is there a (cheap) optical resonance demonstration using visible light?

Question: I'm looking for a impressive, inexpensive lecture demonstration of optical standing wave resonance. Preferably visible light. Can anyone suggest such a demo?
Comment: Do you really mean _resonance_, or simply _interference_? The former is really hard - you would need a high Q cavity of some kind (which requires highly reflective surfaces) and a means to interrogate the amplitude inside (which you can't see because it's on the wrong side of a reflector; and if you try to measure it, you disturb the Q). I can't see an "easy" way past that, sorry. Interference, on the other hand, is easier. Can I ask why you would want to use visible light for this? It's easier with (much) longer wavelengths...
Comment: How are you going to show resonance without coherence?
Comment: @Floris - I do mean resonance. Interference is easy. The reason - I'm looking for a visual demonstration of optical resonance - without having to use sensors or instrumentation to sense it. As garyp mentioned the frequency/wavelength is so far away from human visual perception - maybe it's just not possible..
Comment: What do you think it would look like? A laser is of course a great resonator - if you set the end mirrors up "just so" it works but if you spoil the Q of the cavity it extinguishes. So maybe take a HeNe laser apart and slide a microscope cover glass into the cavity - it will stop. Resonance destroyed. Remove glass and resonance happens again. Could that work?
Comment: @Floris - yes. Cheap and demonstrative, but tricky getting the cover slip into the cavity without losing the laser gas. Would a strong magnetic field provide enough force to disrupt the resonance?
Comment: I don't know about a magnetic field - but I thought the gas was in a cavity with end faces at the Bragg angle, with external parallel mirrors? Or was that design abandoned in the 80's...  (last time I looked).
Comment: See for example http://www.rp-photonics.com/brewster_windows.html
Answer: Before we go too far ... the wavelength of visible light is about half a micron.  If you do succeed in setting up standing waves, and figure out how to visualize it, you won't be able to see the wave pattern themselves.  The wavelength is too small.  You might be able to visualize the increased intensity in the cavity, though.  I've seen that in plastic waveguides.  It's quite dramatic, and pretty much just what you are looking for. But I don't think a waveguide solution would be quick and inexpensive to set up.  One problem with free-space cavities is getting the cavity to be stable.  It doesn't take much of a mis-alignment to ruin the resonance.  Waveguides take care of that.
You might try a Plexiglas or Lexan rod with polished ends.  Or perhaps those multimode fibers that are used in some Christmas trees. A Helium Neon laser.  A laser pointer might work.  None of these ideas will work the first time.  It will take some trial and error.
Maybe someone else has a better idea.
Answer: The simplest is probably a Fabry Perot interferometer and a source of light if well defined wavelength. Years ago we used sodium lamps, but a cheap green laser may be good enough.
This is about as simple as it gets
Comment: So the interferometer shows fringes - the outcome of interference, but what is observed in the way of resonance?
Comment: Such an interferometer is a resonant cavity. Think of the fringes as standing waves.


Sharepoint 2007 Survey creation customization issue

Question: When creating a Sharepoint 2007 survey, there is a possibility to show/hide the username of the user who took the survey.
Is it possible to set this option to No by default and make the selection read only?
Answer: Do I understand you correctly that you want to change the default behavior of creating a survey list?
This is not easily done, because the survey list is based on the SurveyList list template and you would have to modify that one (if even possible) or create your own SurveyList template.
There are however tutorials on how to create a survey programmatically, which you could do with a Workflow and set your default properties for the survey list to hide usernames:

Creating a survey in MOSS 2007 programmatically
HowTo: Create a quizzing application with SharePoint 2007


Any result or conjecture of computaional complexity of formal languange with rational generating function?

Question: As we know that context-free language is in P,any result or conjecture of computaional complexity of formal languange with rational generating function?And more,any result or conjecture of computaional complexity of formal languange with algebraic generating function?
Comment: As far as I can tell, a formal language with rational generating function can be arbitrarily hard to recognize. Consider the language with one word of each length $n$ such that each new word describes $n$ more digits of Chaitin's constant...
Comment: @Qiaochu,is the language recursively enumerable?Or is the language a C.E set?
Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitin%27s_constant
Answer: To clarify Qiaochu's comment and make it explicit, I claim there are uncountably many languages with a rational generating function (namely, $\dfrac{1}{1-x}$).  Only countably many of these can even be recursively enumerable.  Namely, let $w\in \lbrace 0,1\rbrace^{\omega}$ be a right infinite word.  Let $L(w)$ be the language of prefixes of $w$.  Then $L(w)$ has a unique element of length $n$ for each $n$ and one can recover $w$ from $L(w)$.  Thus there are uncountable many languages of the form $L(w)$.  Since it has one word of each length, its generating function is $$1+x+x^2+\cdots = \dfrac{1}{1-x}.$$
Added to address the OP's comment below
There are trivially sequences $w\in \lbrace 0,1\rbrace^{\omega}$ whose language $L(w)$ is r.e. but not recursive.  Namely, we can view $w$ as the characteristic function of a set $A$ of natural numbers.  Clearly membership in $L(w)$ is the same as determining membership in $A$ as far as decidability goes, although there is perhaps some complexity blowup since to check if a string of length $n$ belongs to $L(w)$ we must check which of the first $n$ natural numbers belong to $A$ and conversely to check if an integer $n$ is in $A$, we have to look potentially at all bit strings of length $n.  So this seems like a PSPACE blowup.
Comment: @Benjamin,Yes,usually,when we talk about formal language,we assume,that the language is at least a c.e.set.Yes,we can talk about language that is not c.e.set,which is in the area of computability or unsolvability .Anyway,you have made some clarification,thank a lot.And Qiaochu's construction is really a c.e.set
Comment: Let me add an edit to address this.
Comment:  It seems that languages with such rational generating function go through all classes of all computational complexity
Comment: Yes, that would seem to be the case since one has sequences with arbitrary complexity in computing their prefixes I believe.


A phrase consisting of a "floating" noun and some verbiage following it

Question: The question is on phrases like the ones that begin the following sentences.

(a) Her chin on the tabletop, she looked at me.
(b) His back turned to the door, he was writing a letter.
(c) His time being short, he turned to what he thought was the most critical question.

Questions
(1) Is there a single grammatical term for such phrases?  We may say that the phrases in question

consist of a noun and some verbiage following it,

do not connect to the rest of the sentence by means of a "grammatically revealing" connector (for example, a preposition governing the noun) and

can easily become a sentence in which the noun is the subject and the other verbiage the predicate. ("Her chin was on the table top."  "His back was turned to the door."  "His time was short.")

(2) Are they noun phrases?  (Some of them may be another kind of phrase as well, but is it true that they are all noun phrases?)
(3) Which case are the nouns in (e.g. nominative, accusative)?
Some thoughts
On (3), I suspect maybe not the nominative (not always anyway) because, when there is a pronoun involved, we want to say something else:

With him gone, there was no chance now.

Also in German we seem to get cases other than the nominative, as in the following.

Am Fenster saß an einem Schreibtisch, den Rücken der Türe zugewendet, ein kleinerer Herr, der mit großen Folianten hantierte, die auf einem starken Bücherbrett in Kopfhöhe vor ihm aneinandergereiht waren.

I am told that the phrase is considered a participial construction in German (an answer I got from German StackExchange).  (I guess it's a separate question whether a "participial construction" is necessarily not a noun phrase.)
Answer:
Her chin on the tabletop, she looked at me.

This is an adverbial clause. There is an inversion and a deletion.
(1) She looked at me with her chin on the tabletop.
(2) With her chin on the tabletop, she looked at me. [inversion]
(3) Her chin on the tabletop, she looked at me. [deletion]


Is there any way I could test a web active x plugin(addon) using cucumber-ruby

Question: I have to test an active x plugin, and I have tested a few sites with cucumber(still a beginner) so I was wondering if there's anyway I could test an active x plugin like the REST CLIENT on Mozilla using cucumber-ruby scripts
Answer: if the way the client works is via a browser window, with stuff in the dom, I don't see why not.  (another similar approach would be the chrome 'postman' extension)
but the best answer is, try it and see.   Start by using right click and seeing if you get an 'inspect element' option, and what is shown if you use that should it be present.  If you can see the element in the DOM, then you can usually interact with it via watir-webdriver
Next start and IRB session,  get a browser object started
require 'watir-webdriver'
b = Watir::Browser.new :ff

then see if you can interact with it after manually navigating the page.  or try something like
b.goto 'chrome://restclient/content/restclient.html'

I will say this, if you intend to automate REST requests this way, you are doing it wrong.  tools like Rest Client and Postman are great for manual/exploratory testing of a rest api, and for debugging requests you are going to automate.  But for actual automation, go with a gem like Rest-Client and code the requests directly in ruby, it will be MUCH faster.  If you want to use something like cucumber, and your rest requests are returning JSON, then also look into the JSON-Spec gem as a way of doing far easier validation steps (also works with rspec)
Working directly that way is closer to how programmers using the API will work, and will execute far faster than driving a browser to generate the requests.
BTW "The Cucumber Book" has an example chapter on automating API tests this way. well worth reading


Combining categorical and continuous variables to calculate a factor

Question: I have a categorical predictor (income) and three continuous predictors (area, no. of bed rooms and no of cars). How can I form a single factor from these variables? In other words I want to combine all these variables to get one single variable.
Comment: Why do you want to combine them?
Comment: When I use them individually, they are influencing each other in logistic regression, though the VIF is less than 2 for multi-collinearity. So, I want to use calculate a factor to use in logistic regression.
Answer: If all of them are integer values less than 10, you could use
fac = 100*income + 10*bdrms + cars

Then you'll get 3-digit codes, each digit being the level of the corresponding variable.
Oops, I'm realizing I excluded area. Is that an integer code too? If so, use the same idea with 4 digits. Otherwise, could use
area + fac/1000

and you'll have the 3-digit code after the decimal point and the area before.
Answer: Whichever predictor's VIF is 2, and assuming that is the highest VIF, it is not at all high by most people's standards or for most purposes. You may be losing a lot of valuable predictive information by smushing these predictors onto a single scale. In other words the common factor you create will explain fairly little compared to the information uniquely explainable by the individual predictors.
Moreover, one might expect that your reasons for avoiding collinearity would be to allow a better view of the relative contributions of your predictors and more precise estimates of each coefficient.  Both of these gains will fall by the wayside if you use only the single combined scale.  Remember that there is a tradeoff between reliability and coverage (validity) of scale measures.
If you nevertheless want to create such a scale, you'll first need to convert income into a numeric variable.  How that can be done will depend on what categorical values the variable currently takes.  There is probably no right or wrong answer; it will be a matter of what is workable or practical, or perhaps what is plausible to your audience.
After that, well, there are a zillion ways to create scales.  One fairly "routinized" way would be (purists won't like this) to use principal component analysis or exploratory factor analysis.  You could direct the program to create a single factor, and you could use it to automatically save factor scores for each case/observation.  This will avoid some of the problems inherent in assigning scores manually, since with the latter methods one may be surprised to find that the predictor with the highest number of different values ends up with the highest weight determining the scale score.
Comment: I agree that combining predictors, even collinear ones, runs too high a risk of losing valuable information.


Please help with translation: 静かな方へ

Question: So I'm trying to translate this song (full lyrics at https://www5.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/35243.html, if anyone's interested), and I came across these lines which I'm not sure about:
恋と飾って 静かな方へ 汚れきった言葉を
Now I think the first phrase would mean "decorate with love," "with" as in, love and another person are decorating together? I couldn't find any other use of と with 飾る besides, "together with", though that doesn't make much sense to me.
As for the second phrase, "Towards quietness" is all I can get out of it, and I would think to translate it, combining it with the last phrase, as "In a rather quiet way, the words had become dirty." But I feel like that leaves a lot out, especially because it doesn't get the へ in there, but I'm lost as to how to include that.
Thank you for your help!
Comment: Please don't close it down! I don't want a direct translation of anything; all I want is for someone to tell me the usage of と and 方 in this case. I did try to translate it, but I got stuck on those words :/
Comment: I'm not sure whether this should be closed as a "translation request". The OP has indicated at least some effort.
Answer: 恋と飾って is literally closer to "decorate something as if it were love." Note that it is not 恋で飾って ("decorate with love"). In this context it perhaps means "(We) pretend as if there was love (although there is actually not)", "(We) disguise ourselves as (being in) love".
静かな方【ほう】へ is "to the more quiet place". This 方 is not "way/method" but it's something you find when you make a comparison in Japanese.
As for 汚れきった言葉を, I doubt it's grammatically related to the previous phrase. The omitted verb is either 聞く or 言う, but probably you can translate it simply as "A dirty word."
Comment: I knew that the meaning of this was not the with as in で; I used with because I only thing I could think of was "decorating together with love," as in, "meeting with Sally" - that use of と. But here, I guess, と is being used as more of a quoting particle? "Dress it up as 'love'" = "Decorate as if it were love?" Is that the use of と here, or is it a totally different usage?                                        As for 静かな方へ, I thought of that, but I wasn't sure that 方へ could be used in comparisons, since usually you see が after 方. But it does make more sense that way! Thank you for your help!
Answer: Translating lyrics or poetry in general is a pretty nontrivial task, especially with a highly context-sensitive language like Japanese. However, I also did it when I was just starting out and while my translations weren't great, in the process I did learn quite a few things, so keep at it.
To translate the line properly, you should take into account the full song or at least the surrounding stanza. Line by line translation rarely works with Japanese lyrics.
Even after reading the whole song I'm not sure about the meaning of the quoted line but here's a few thoughts (which could be completely wrong ;):
To start with, the verb applied to 言葉を is probably 混ざって used later. As for 方へ, the verb seems to be missing completely but usually へ implies movement towards something/someplace so you can try to use a fitting movement verb (go/fly/arrive/etc.). And 方 itself is probably used in the literal meaning of "direction" but you can try to substitute it with things like "place" or "somewhere".
Comment: Are you sure that 混ざって goes with 言葉を? There's a line separating those two phrases, and I thought that 混ざって went with 二人の果て, as in "Mix together the fates of the two people" ="Make our fates intertwined." But maybe I'm wrong with that.
Comment: No, I'm not sure, it just felt this way to me. There's almost never a single "correct" interpretation with lyrics unless you ask the author, and sometimes not even then :)
Comment: Yeah, translating song lyrics is tricky. I wasn't sure if there was some other reason that you thought they went together. Thank you for your help!

Please help with translation: 静かな方へ


Minecraft Forge for java edition

Question: So, I wanted to mod my minecraft and I found out you had to use forge to do so. After downloading forge for 1.15.2, and WITHOUT looking anything up I figured you had to set it up and open it with the Minecraft launcher which is a bit incorrect since it is not loading up or anything and it won't allow me to open Forge up with anything else. I've tried deleting and re-downloading Forge but it keeps coming up with the Minecraft Launcher since i can't remove it. What am i supposed to do ?
Comment: Twitch also launcher provides a good wait to install mods for Minecraft out of the box.
Answer: Try opening the Forge <code>.jar</code> file you downloaded. It is likely to be an installer, which will add itself to your Minecraft launcher.
Comment: Yes but the $100 question no-one answers is how do you find your Java executable to run the d@#n thing? I searched out the Java executable in the Minecraft folders and tried several `.exe` files in there but none of them seem to work and bring up an interface like in the videos?
Comment: @NeilG the Java executable itself isnt related to minecraft, and so isnt found in the minecraft directory. Java itself should be located at C:/Program Files (x86)/Common Files/Oracle/Java/javapath/java.exe. If not, download it.
Comment: ^ When Java is installed and ran for the first time, it should automatically associate with the .jar filetype. Did you open Minecraft at least once before trying to install Forge?
Comment: Thanks @AMJ , but actually Minecraft *does* install a copy of Java itself, and that can be found in the Minecraft install directory.
Comment: My problem was that I was trying to associate `java.exe` with the `jar` file type, but the correct file to associate is `javaw.exe`. To fix associations quickly I recommend you download `jarfix.exe` and run it. It's got several options for batch / repeated use should your set up require that, and ... you'll see. This I believe is the author's download point (and hence most reliable) https://johann.loefflmann.net/en/software/jarfix/index.html

Minecraft Forge for java edition


Information depth in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

Question: What is 'information depth' in XPS and what does determine it? Also how does it depend on the 'take-off angle'?
Answer: Do you understand the basics of XPS?  The Wikipedia article is pretty clear. In summary, a (usually monochromatic) x-ray source irradiates a sample.  The x-ray can be absorbed by electrons in the sample, and can provide enough energy for a core electron to be set free with an energy equal to the incident x-ray energy minus its binding energy. Collecting the electrons and measuring their energy gives a plot of counts vs electron energy.  Lower electron energy indicates an electron coming from deeper in the atomic shell. Given knowledge of atomic binding levels, you can associate specific peaks in the spectrum with elements (with chemical effects on binding energies giving additional information).
So - what is the "information depth"? A slightly odd term, I've generally heard/used 'detection depth'.  Two questions to ponder - (1) how far will x-rays of a few keV penetrate into a solid (if an atom doesn't see any x-rays, it won't emit any electrons), and (2) how far can a ~100eV-1000eV electron travel in a solid before being scattered (and thus losing the useful info).  Not surprisingly, (2) dominates for XPS, and is often called the 'escape depth'.
As for the 'take-off angle' - again, the interesting part is where your electron detector is placed relative to the sample, and how far the electrons have to travel through the sample to head out in the direction of the detector - the 'escape depth' will vary with exit angle (take-off angle) since the amount of material the electron has to go through is a simple trig function of the exit angle.
I hope that helps.


Explanation about black color, and hence color

Question: I'm bit confused about 'black' as a color. As per my knowledge, it is not given in visible color spectra like other colors for example red, violet etc. Also I'm confused with definition of color--does it mean the reflection of respective wavelengths from an object perceived by human eyes or latest electronic sensors determines the color of that object? This is okay for normal people to know that this this color is this this. But how will you tell that some object has Red color to a blind person, how that person can think of that? I can define a bicycle as a vehicle with two wheels, a handle, a seat--this way, a blind person can imagine that vehicle, but tell me the definition of color so as blind person can imagine about specific color considering he/she is blind since birth. Also one more question regarding black--what is the color of an apple if it is placed in a dark room--to eyes, it seems blindly blackish (oh, what the hell this black is again, and why we feel blind in dark places although eyes are open, huh?), but if we focus a torch on that apple with a daylight like color, it looks with original color, why so?
Comment: Related: http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/16691/2451
Comment: Also http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/21336/124
Answer: The human eye has three types of colour receptors, called cones, that respond to red, green and blue light. Your brain interprets the colour based on the signals from these cones.
For example suppose you're looking at red light. Only the "red" cones will generate a signal and your brain interprets this as red. Suppose now you're looking at a mixture of red and green light. This time the red and green cones generate signals while the blue cones do not, and your brain interprets this as yellow. If there is no light entering the eye none of the cones generate a signal and your eye interprets this as black.
Some colours are pure, that is they consist of light with only a single wavelength, but most colours are mixtures of light with lots of different wavelengths. There are lots of ways scientists measure colour e.g. the RGB system, but actually this turns out to be a surprisingly complicated thing to do because many measurement schemes can't measure all possible colours. Have a look at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour for more info.
Finally, to take you example of a red apple: the apple is red because it reflects red light but absorbs other colours. If I shine white light from a torch onto the apple only the red light is reflected and enters my eye, so I see the apple as red. Suppose I shine pure blue light (wavelength about 450nm) onto the apple, what will I see. Well the apple will absorb the blue light so no light enters my eye, and the apple looks black.
Answer:
tell me the definition of color so as blind person can imagine about specific color considering he/she is blind since birth

Colour perception is purely subjective. I can't even guarantee that you perceive red in the same way I do; at best we can only agree they're the same. As a result, you cannot explain colour to a blind person. The best you can do is to compare it with other things. For example, explain that red differs from green in the same way that a low pitch note differs from a high pitch. That does not explain how we see an apple as red, it just tries to explain that different colours have different degrees of "something", just as pitches have different sound frequencies.
To see the difficulty, try to explain how the signals from 2 radio stations differ. We can't perceive them directly, and can only explain by comparing them to something like light: "one station is redder than the other" or sound: "this station broadcasts at a lower pitch".
Answer: You see. At first there is nothing. Nada, null, zero, nothing. This is dark. Perceived as black.
If you add light you will get the absence of darkness.  Light is photons, electromagnetic radiation, that is picked up by the rods and cones in the human eye.  Photons  oscillate as they travel through space.  The difference in the wavelength as they travel gives the very difference in colour. The spectrum of visible light is from violet at about 380nm to red at about 720nm.  The rest is invisible light.  Defined as either ultra violet or infra red rays.
You cannot tell me what ten is, without having defined zero.
The same way I mean you cannot tell me what red is without having defined no colour.  So if you ask me, black is the colour of zero colour.
Answer: Dear Vishal just read this
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness
A 'red' apple does not emit red light. Rather, it simply absorbs all the frequencies of visible light shining on it except for a group of frequencies that is perceived as red, which are reflected.
This is wrong an apple looks red to us because it reflects infrared waves..
hope you understand that why an apple appears to be red .
now your next question that  -what is the color of an apple if it is placed in a dark room--to eyes, it seems blindly blackish...The reason is still the same..Actually black light does not contain that combination of frequencies which an apple reflects ...It absorbs all the black light falling on it and hence we perceive it as black.....MOST IMPORTANTLY EVEN IF WE KEEP THAT APPLE IN A ROOM CONTAINING FREQUENCIES CORRESPONDING TO GREEN LIGHT THEN ALSO IT APPEARS TO BE BLACK AS IT ABSORBS THAT GEREEN LIGHT FALLING ON IT...And you should once read about phenomenon of seeing the objects in the world around us and then you will be able to understand it..
Comment: Yes, I know that it appears black when all the frequencies are get absorbed and it reflects/emits nothing -- but I want to know about what this black (dark) is, how to define it (let us consider that I'm a blind person) and same as with color.
Comment: john rennie also gave the same explaination as mine...
Comment: As @hdhondt said, you can not _explain_ "black" to a blind person.  You can not explain sight.  The best you can do is talk about things that it enables you to do, like catch a ball that somebody throws to you, or tell a ripe banana from an unripe one without touching it or smelling it.  Or, talk about things it doesn't enable you to do:  I can't tell whether Jake is smiling or frowning when he is behind me or, when he is behind a closed door.


(Why) does unconditionally secure multi-party quantum computation imply quantum bit commitment?

Question: I have read in several papers now that information-theoretically secure multi-party quantum computation (MQPC) with a dishonest majority ($t \geq n/2$) is impossible because of the impossibility of unconditionally secure quantum bit commitment. Hence my question, why does MPQC imply the existence of quantum bit commitment? I would in particular be interested in how to combine the different frameworks of MPQC and quantum bit commitment protocols.
Comment: @glS I have edited the question, thanks for your remark.
Comment: It would be helpful if you could add a reference to the papers that make that assertion.
Comment: @JonathanTrousdale here is an example: https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.1544

I am not looking for a full proof but more of a hint on how to combine the different frameworks of MPQC and quantum bit commitment protocols.
Answer: If one had general information-theoretically secure MQPC, one would have 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer (OT), as this can be obtained from an MPQC protocol computing the following 2-party function: consider a function $f(a_0,a_1,b_0,b_1)$ that takes as input two private bits $a_0,a_1$ from Alice (the two different messages) and two bits $b_0,b_1$ from Bob (first bit being Bob's choice of message to read and second a private key), and produces $$f(a_0,a_1,b_0,b_1)=a_{b_0}\oplus b_1$$ To get OT out of this, Bob simply has to randomize $b_1$. OT is known to imply bit commitment (in fact, the converse is also true in the quantum setting). As unconditionally secure bit commitment is impossible, so is OT and thus so is general information-theoretically secure MPQC.


how to hide the actual download folder location

Question: I have a question in my mind that how mod_rewrite increases the security.
I have a my php file which shows a .pdf file online like www.exaple.com?id=234 and it makes a query to database and get the actual folder location.
the actual folder location is uploads/ and i am using something like how to hide the actual folder location
Now i want to use google docs
 echo "

but i don't want to show the upload directory uploads/ in this url.So i use module_rewrite to change the directory name to myfiles/ .
The question is that when user changes the directory to www.example.com/myfiles/hacking.php than it will also rewrite to uploads/hacking.php.
I am allowing user to upload files.although i am using blacklist but we assume that security holes may present
Answer: Don't put the file in a web accessible location. Keep it someplace out of the www root, and have a script to open, read and output the file to the browser.
That way, even if it is a php file, only the content will be sent down and will not be executed.
Comment: i am using godaddy shared hosting ? can you tell me where is the root folder?i don't have such folder and i don't have access to outside my directory
Comment: You are using apache web server right? Another way is to put in a .htaccess file in the upload folder to prevent the folder from running any scripts.
Answer: Rewriting a url to hide a path is useless.
In the end you have a URL that the user can use. A request will send him the resource. Whats the difference if he requests example.com/?fileid=123 instead of example.com/uploads/file123.ext?
Yes, putting stuff in parameters forces you to use a script to fetch and send the resource. Using something that looks like a path only allows you to use this script. But it can be used, and nothing of this improves security. Not using a script means not being able to check if the user requesting the resource is allowed to, but for public resources this is no issue.
What are you really trying to do? Your security problem is to check whether malicious content was uploaded? If you allow uploading executables, and additionally allow them to be executed, you are doomed. Rewriting any URL does not help in any way.
Check what is uploaded. Prevent this stuff from being executed on your server.
When it comes to using the URLs discussed here, the situation should be like this:
If without rewriting you would reference /uploads/example.pdf, using rewriting should transform this url into something else, and disable the original url! If you still can get the stuff via the uploads folder, your rewrite is wrong.
If it is right, you are not in any need to use the old uploads url, because it does not work anymore.
Comment: Blacklist is bad. You deny only what you know is bad. Unknown bad will pass. Whitelist is better. Only known good will pass. Unknown good will be rejected, but that's ok, someone will complain and you can adjust the whitelist.
Comment: i am using blacklist to restrict user uploading malicious file?But the question is that in the iframe url i don't want to show the location uploaded files?
Comment: i am also using that. to allow only pdf files.
Comment: In your IFrame, you only have to supply the URL that loads the file, if it is rewritten or not does not matter.
Comment: but ther user will get the upload location folder?
Comment: Would like you to edit your question to reflect the current state of the discussion. I can then update my answer. Please shine some light on which URLs we are currently talking about.
Comment: i just want to hide the actual upload location of my site.But mod_rewrite is not useful in this case?
Comment: let us [continue this discussion in chat](http://chat.stackoverflow.com/rooms/17504/discussion-between-sven-and-jhonraymos)


RAID Manager on Windows for IBM Server x-345

Question: Good Morning,
I have a IBM x-series 345 server with Windows Server 2003, I have a defunct drive which I would like to replace and rebuild the RAID while the server is up. I have been up and down in the IBM website and I cannot find a Windows Utility which allows me to see and manage the RAID. Can someone tell me the name of the program used to do this, or send me a link to this program.
Thanks.
Answer: Are you sure it's a hardware RAID card? It's not a Windows soft RAID setup, is it? What alerted you to the degraded RAID array?
Answer: It's called ServeRAID.


Do contracts have to be equal in terms of the amount of information shared?

Question: For example, can one party only share the name (or even just a nickname/pseudonym/online name) and the other party has to share full legal name, address, phone number, email, etc? Or both parties have to share the equal amount of information to each other.
Answer: Freedom of contract
Parties are (within legal limits) free to contract on whatever terms they like.
For example, I just had dinner in quite a nice restaurant. I know their name, they don't know mine.
Comment: @Greendrake They may not.  I have a debit card which has no details printed on it.  I don't think a small restaurant who accepts the card will know who I am (obviously, their merchant acquirer will).  Also, the contract is formed long before the card is presented.
Answer: No, there is no need for each party to have the same amount of information about each other, subject to the limit of mistake as to party, or identity requirements imposed for special categories of contracts.
For example, it is well-accepted that buying food at a restaurant (or any goods, from any shop) is a contract of sale: Gee v. White Spot Ltd. (1986) 32 DLR (4th) 238 (B.C.S.C):

Counsel for the plaintiffs is, in my opinion, right when he submits that, when persons go into a restaurant and order food, they are making a contract of sale in exactly the same way as they are making a contract of sale when they go into a shop and order any other goods. ... the person who orders the food in a hotel or restaurant prima facie makes himself or herself liable to pay for it

The customer knows much more about the restaurant than the seller knows about the customer.


Does the test and test tooling differ from Magento to other test tools or solutions?

Question: I am on my way to one of my next Magento projects. Currently there is no test environment, no test days, no concepts or test plans. Even a team has to be set up first.
I have already worked a lot in the web area and would see no problem to test Magento in a normal way.
But is SoapUI,
Postman (for API calls and collections),
static code analysis via SonarQube,
or Jmeter for load and performance test,
security test procedures via Owasp ZAP enough?
What is possibly more special about Magento, what is different, which problems could expect me with the test procedures in Magento?
Answer: Magento has its own "testing guide" which seems to cover most if not all of these topics.
Magento also has its own Functional Testing Framework, which you should probably use as it will make live of future developers/testers easier which already know how to write functional tests for their product. See https://devdocs.magento.com/mftf/docs/introduction.html
For the rest Magento is a web-application writen in PHP. So most if not all web-testing and php-testing would translate to a Magento application.


where is the code about sending command getblocks in bitcoin source code

Question: I am reading the protocol part. One silly question. I found the part processing getblocks part, but i did not find when and where to send the getblocks command.Or it is deleted in the new bitcoin edition.  Any idea, I will appreciate it very much.
Answer: You're correct: the Bitcoin Core master branch no longer sends the getblocks message because it uses headers-first synchronization to get all the headers (with the getheaders message), allowing it to hash the headers itself, verify their proof-of-work, and request the corresponding blocks in parallel from multiple peers with getdata messages.  I believe the upcoming version 0.10 branch is supposed to be forked off of the master branch later today.  (Will update answer with link when that happens.)
Here are some direct code links:

Bitcoin Core 0.9.3 sends the getblocks message with this line.  That function is defined here.
In the master branch, this is the patch that replaced the line above

Bitcoin Core version 0.10 will continue to process the getblocks message from remote peers, as you note.
Comment: I really appreciate your answer. Thank you very much, David.
Comment: Hi David,one point confused me. Is it in parallel that requesting the corresponding blocks with getdata messages. I think it is in a single thread. We can get at most 16 blocks from one peer and then iterate another peer. Is it right?  Thank you
Comment: @Eleven The headers-first pull linked in the answer says, "Blocks are fetched in parallel from all available outbound peers, using a limited moving window. When one peer stalls the movement of the window, it is disconnected."  I haven't reviewed that code yet, but if you find something that contradicts that statement, let me know and I'll update the answer.  Thanks!


Why is the れる conjugation sometimes combined with て?

Question: Whenever I'm looking at Japanese there are times where I notice the れる conjugation is cut off. As an example, instead of する turning into される, it changes to されて. From what I know, れる is a past tense so される would be to have done. What does replacing る with て add here? It can't be a gerund considering it is already past tense, and I'm unsure using a request in past tense is appropriate either. Am I looking at this completely wrong?
Comment: Why exactly do you think される is past tense?
Comment: Is it not?  Sorry, I haven't gotten up to the れる conjugations from what I've been learning. I thought it was past tense because a source I looked up described it as to have done. I know there are other uses for れる so maybe I misinterpreted the use here.
Answer: You have a number of misconceptions here.
The ~て form is not a gerund, for one thing. It has a number of uses, but the main one is either connecting clauses. 「夕ご飯を食べて、寝た」 'I ate dinner, and went to bed' or connecting a verb to an auxiliary verb 「朝ご飯を食べてください」 'Please eat your breakfast'.
~(ら)れる has two uses, sort of. One is the potential form, expressing abilities. 「アレルギーでリンゴは食べられない」 'I can't eat apples, due to allergies', while the other is passive, which means that the subject of the verb is what is being acted upon. 「魚は猫に食べられた」 'The fish was eaten by a cat.'
Now, for ichidan verbs such as 食べる, these forms are identical, but for a godan verb, the passive form replaces the ending -u with -a and adds -reru, while the potential form replacing the ending -u with -e and adds -ru. So 話す has 話せる and 話される. Additionally する is an irregular verb with the passive される and potential できる.
Thus, ~されて might be 'was [some verb]ed, and', or it could form a request like 「騙されないでください!」'Don't be fooled!' There's no contradiction in logic here.
Comment: @Joeyy14 ~て**いる** does correspond to a certain use of '-ing' but the present progressive ('I'm talking') rather than the gerund ('Talking can be exhausting'). This would be one of the auxiliary verb connections I mentioned.
Comment: て-forms are similar to gerund*ives* (or participles in some cases), and a translation that involves an -ing suffix is often appropriate. They are not gerunds; gerunds are a kind of noun (nominalizing a verb so that it can be the subject or object of another verb) whereas gerundives are modifiers (like adjectives and adverbs). Compare "the flying Dutchman" (gerundive) to "I enjoy flying" (gerund). However, unlike English gerundives, the て-form can act like an adverb (modifying a verb) rather than just an adjective.
Comment: Hmm, so I'm guessing J-talk showing me て as "-ing+" mislead me then.
Comment: 騙されないでください may not be a good example if your purpose was to explain how 〜されて could be used.


xdg-open backend

Question: I'm creating a desktop for Linux. As a result, I'm creating a utility called ts-open. However, when xdg-open is run, I want it to open ts-open when it detects that my desktop is running (just like it opens kde-open in KDE.) Is there a way to do this? If it has to be coded into xdg-open is there someone that I can speak to?
Comment: Why don't you create a wrapper script called `xdg-open` that calls `ts-open` if your desktop is running and the regular `xdg-open` if it isn't? Is this something that has to ship with your software? Only for you?
Comment: @terdon ```ts-open``` will ship with my software, and ```xdg-open``` will already be present on the system (probably in /usr/bin.) I'd like applications (like Chrome) that are already using ```xdg-open``` to open ```ts-open``` like in any other desktop environment.
Answer: You'd need to patch xdg-open to detect your desktop environment in detectDE(), and add an open_...() function that delegates to ts-open.
Once your DE is ready, you should contact the xdg-utils maintainers with a patch, either via a bug, or the mailing list.
Comment: So just to make sure that I'm getting this right, I need to modify ```xdg-open``` myself, and then once it works, send the ```xdg-utils``` maintainers the modified version?
Comment: Pretty much. "Once it works", and once your DE is released (and perhaps has traction...). You need to modify `xdg-open` yourself to test things while you're developing your DE anyway, but there's no point in submitting a patch until your DE is available to others.
Answer: With all the respect to OP and to accepted answer, since xdg-open actually opens  anything with the x default application, could an alias possibly do the job?
The following test in my machine brings the taskmanager without a single warning....
$ alias xdg-open='xfce4-taskmanager'

So setting this alias  xdg-open=ts-open when your DE is loaded and unalias xdg-open when your DE is exited, is not enough or i'm missing something ....?
Comment: The problem is that I don't have control over that. For example, when I open Chrome, it internally uses ```xdg-open``` to open downloads. Unfortunately, I don't think I'll be able to set an alias in every application that the user opens. :)
Comment: @VictorTran I have the feeling that once such an alias is set, even if `xdg-open` is  called internally by Chrome should be redirected to the alias of xdg-open (ts-open). But i'm not sure if it works like this. If you want you can give it a try in the meantime :-) . I am not sure how fast xdg devs will implement your request, this is why i'm thinking "workarounds".
Comment: I suppose it can't hurt to give it a try... :)
Comment: @VictorTran Another workaround would be to implement the wrapper comment of terdon. You could build a script with name xdg-open that will point to ts-open, rename old xdg-open to i.e xdg-openn and as soon as users log-out from your DE revert everything back to previous state (remove your script from /usr/bin and rename again the xdg-openn to xdg-open)
Comment: Unfortunately my app doesn't have root access (and that's a good thing, isn't it?) so I won't be able to do that.

xdg-open backend


Target Bone doesn't follow original bone with Copy Transform Constraint

Question: I have "Deformation" bones with Copy Transform of "Target" bones, so Deform bones deform mesh, and on target bones we put constraints etc. Everything was ok, and after Parenting bones to mesh with automatic weights and some additional weight painting I got this. When I move Control bone or IK - Deform and Target bones do not follow each other as seen on first picture. On the second picture they are overlapping on neutral pose, and would like them to stay overlapped as I move IK or Control.
They are all Rolled on same axis, every constraint is put to Local Space > Local space. All transforms are applied.
Answer: If you have two bones with local->local copy transforms, and those two bones do not have the same parents, then they will not necessarily have the same world space transform.  The local space transform of one will be interpreted in the local space of the other.  Each of their local spaces will change as each of their parents transform.
If you want two bones to match each other in world space, then use world->world for a copy transforms constraint.
Comment: Changed , but still doesn't acutally work well. Front legs bend properly, and rear do not. And it seems they have all settings as they should have.