Cakephp:How to get id of the first form when saving my last of three forms

Question: High guys,I have three models that i am using in Cakephp,I create 3 views for my models which are linked by the second model.The problem is how can i retrieve the id of the first model when i want to do a final save?
Answer: Under the assumption that you're saving the three models in three separate page requests, it should suffice to simply store the saved model data in your session. That way you can read it in the 2nd and 3rd page request and include the necessary data in your forms and processing.
If you're doing it all in the same request, then Moyed's idea works, you can get the ID of a saved row through the model:
<code>$this->Model->save($data);
$saved_row_id = $this->Model->id;
</code>
Answer: You need to know the id of first model.
If you use the the save() method you can get the id like so:
<code>$this->Model->save($data);
$id = $this->Model->id;
</code>
OR
Cake's model class has a function that gets the last inserted id:
<code>$this->Model->getLastInsertID()
</code>
You just need to replace Model with the name of first model


How do NSAID's work and what are the differnces between COX-1 and COX-2?

Question: NSAID's work by slowing down the COX enzym, but how do does enzymes cause pain? because I've read that they're also needed for the body and do "good" things.
Answer: NSAIDs work by inhibiting COX-1 and/or COX-2. These are the key enzymes in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Prostaglandins act as messenger molecules in the process of inflammation and therefore can cause pain and other inflammatory symptoms. Source
COX-1 is normally present in different tissues of the human body and is for example important for maintaining the stomach lining. By contrast COX-2 mediated prostaglandin synthesis is only induced by injuries and inflammation. The analgesic effect of NSAIDs is therefore mainly based on the inhibition of COX-2.
There are to different classes of NSAIDs, non-selective (aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen, ...) and COX-2 selective (celecoxib, parecoxib, ...-coxib). Due to the different roles of COX-1 and COX-2 these different drug classes have different adverse effects and differ in their analgesic effect depending on the dose. E.g. use of aspirin can lead to ulcers of the stomach or duodenum while COX-2 selective drugs do not cause gastric problems (but others).


During bridge amplification of DNA sequences, why aren't sequences amplified in both orientations?

Question: During bridge amplification, when sequences attached to adapters on the surface form "bridges" and are replicated, it seems like sequences with either end attached to the surface will be created.
For instance, in this link in figure 7, there are sequences facing both ways on the plate. In step 8, all the sequences are oriented in the same direction (pink end attached to the surface)
How are does this occur? How are the other sequences removed?
Answer: See this document on how Illumina sequencing works.
When you are doing a single end sequencing, the reverse strands produced after the bridge amplification + denaturation (step-7) are specifically removed (clipped at the junction of primer and the "insert" region). Furthermore, the free 3' ends are blocked (by chemical modification) to ensure that there is no unwanted priming.
For paired end sequencing, both strands are sequenced; so in one flow cell the forward strand is cleaved while in the other the reverse strand is cleaved.
Answer: Presumably they removed one set of fragments from their figures for clarity of demonstration. In reality, both fragments remain immobilized on the chip. The sequencing primer only anneals to one adapter which allows selective extension of one of the sets in each run. For fragments of sufficient length, this provides an easy mechanism for creating paired end sequence reads as you can use one primer to read one strand and, subsequently, another primer to read the other strand.


Ender 3 v2 Cura Profiles - Anyone willing to help/share?

Question: I searched online, and found two YouTubers who shared their Ender 3 v2 printer profiles, and I've been having more or less better success with theirs than mine, possibly because I was basing mine off the Ender 3, and they were basing theirs off the Ender 3 Pro...
Would anyone here have the settings for the Ender 3 v2 for Cura, that's the printer definition, with the measurements, offsets, etc. and also maybe a few print profiles, one of my biggest problems is stringing, lots of my prints have stringing, and the new profiles helped with that, but I'd like to have some more, and also a solid baseline from which to build, and learn, and try to figure out what I'm doing wrong...
Comment: Ender3, Ender3v2 and Ender3Pro have the same base settings. The variance is more stiffening and different heatbeds....
Comment: Since you mention problems with stringing specifically, it might be good to ask a question about that showing the exact prints you're getting it on. It could be related to the wrong retraction settings I mentioned in my answer, or something else.
Comment: Since I found this board, and since people here seem pretty nice, helpful, and it doesn't seem overcrowded, I think I will do just that...  Seems like a nice place to get help, and help out

I don't have any on my desk right now, and it's not as bad with the settings I found from some YouTubers, but when I have another go at printing that particular part, I'll post the result, and my settings, see if anyone can help...
Answer: Use the profile for any Ender 3 model, or better yet just start from scratch and put in the important properties that actually vary per machine - bed size, temperatures needed, etc.
Cura profiles for specific printers, especially the ones Youtubers are promoting, are almost always misguided if not outright wrong. They're a mix something like 5-10% settings that are actually physical characteristics of the machine, and another 5-10% dubious settings that are tradeoffs that might help avoid common problems for the machine at the expense of making other (often worse) problems, and the remaining 80-90% personal preferences of the person who made the profile. For instance, looking at Cura's base Creality profile:

Machine max accelerations are all wrong, at 500 mm/s². The machine can actually handle at least 3000 mm/s², and unless you've updated firmware to have Linear Advance, increasing acceleration is the only way to avoid inconsistent extrusion.

Z speed limit and acceleration are very low. This makes seam more severe and has no benefit.

Print speeds are random and differ per type (outer wall, inner wall, skin, infill, etc.) which doesn't work right on a bowden machine without Linear Advance firmware.

Z seam type is overridden. This is purely personal preference and has nothing to do with the type of printer.

Gaps filling settings are overridden. Same issue.

Retraction settings are botched, especially increase of window for max retraction count from 4.5 mm (default) to 10 mm, which will cause severe omission of retractions (thus stringing, oozing, and failed adhesion) in any print with thin layers and fine detail.

Enabling skirt. This is purely preference.

Lots of support settings. What's needed here is 90% of a function of the object you're printing and 10% a function of your machine's properties and there's no indication that the settings in the profile have anything to do with properties of Creality machines.

Etc. etc. etc. Most of the above dubious/wrong stuff was added fairly recently in Cura, taken from the "Creawsome" profile popular on Youtube and Reddit. Before that they had a more minimal profile that at least wasn't wrong.
The actual properties you need to set in the profile for your particular machine are:

Bed size/print volume
Heated bed
Filament diameter
Nozzle size
Retraction length (depends on hotend and extruder type, bowden tube length if bowden)
Retraction speeds (depends on extruder capability & friction in path, etc.)
Fan speeds (depends on how powerful your fan is)

Setting max speeds and accelerations is also useful to get more accurate print time predictions, but not necessary.
Comment: the 3000 m/s² are *handleable* but there are several points that the less stiff versions can encounter resonance.
Comment: You see that's already quite helpful, most print settings have a max speed of 50 mm/s or something like that, but the machine is pretty stiff I think.  I received a new belt for the print head, and after I change it, I'll definitely up the speed.

Speaking of, what kind of acceleration control, and what kind of jerk control do you have at those speeds?  And what about Z and extruder speeds?  And do you have any recommendation for the Z axis lead screw lube?  I used a thin bearing I have from my skateboard, but I also have synthetic grease, and could get something else that might help...


How are intangible losses assessed for damages?

Question: Bob has an issue with his phone provider, resulting in the permanent and irreversible loss of his long time phone number which he has maintained for many years. He is greatly troubled and inconvenienced by this, and yet it is not readily apparent how this loss may be quantified even though it is entirely their fault. How could/would such a loss be quantified by a court?
Answer: Given that liability already has been decided in Bob's favor and the question is only about how intangible losses are valued:
Bob would have to demonstrate to the court, with evidence such as testimony and documentation, the nature and extent of this trouble and inconvenience. The court (judge or jury) would then determine subjectively but reasonably what monies, if any, shall be paid to Bob as damages by the phone provider.
Answer: canada
Many kinds of harms are intangible: general loss of reputation due to defamation, harms experienced due to discrimination, pain and suffering after an injury, many torts that are complete without proof of harm (leaving nominal damages as a remedy), etc.
Breach of contract is an example of a tort where nominal damages are available as a remedy.
However, if a judge were to accept that there are material, but hard-to-quantify, intangible harms, they can still arrive at a quantum for an award of damages.
This is an exercise of judgmdent, to be based on reasoned discretion:

In civil liability cases, judges sometimes have the difficult task of quantifying the value of concepts as intangible as a person's life, physical inviolability or suffering.  In this area, where, by definition, the exercise of reasoned discretion remains the rule, the judge must also give as much priority as possible to following established judicial practice while adapting it to the specific circumstances of each case.  Because of the essential factual assessment required by this task, an appellate court must take a highly deferential approach to varying the quantum of compensatory damages awarded by the trial judge.
de Montigny v. Brossard (Succession), 2010 SCC 51, at para 27.

In some areas of law or kinds of damages, there is substantial case law establishing factors that should be considered in setting the quantum, and judges should always look to similar cases for guidance. However, in cases of first impression, the judge (or a judge instructing a jury) can do no better than to exercise judgment, with attention to facts that seem salient.


pre-update check not available

Question: Site is on Joomla 3.10.11 and Update Channel is on Joomla Next but I get the messages that there is no update available and the site is on the newest version. What is wrong?
Answer: welcome!

Go to Components → Joomla Update. (It should say no updates
found. If it doesn't, update Joomla to the latest version (must be
3.10.x) Click on the Options button at the top right corner.

Select Joomla Next from the drop-down for Update Channel.

Click Save & Close. You will then see the latest Joomla! version and the URL for the update package. Also, Joomla will show you the requirements for Joomla 4.

Is important you kown this is a migration and not a normal update. I strongly advice follow this guide for you can do the task successful (at least with the less problems you can get) https://docs.joomla.org/Joomla_3.x_to_4.x_Step_by_Step_Migration
Comment: Thanks! Problem was indeed that Update Sites > Joomla! Core was not activated.
Answer: In the admin pages go to the Extension Manager and the Update Sites option and check that the Joomla core entries are both Published.

Then click on the Rebuild button.
Next select the Manage menu item and press the Refresh Cache button.

Then check for the Joomla update again.
There is a couple of previous answers from a few years back that provide a additional list of steps to follow if it is still not working for you.

pre-update check not available


How strong is the magnetic fields generated in the human body?

Question: How strong is the magnetic field produced by the human body?  I have researched the question but all I find is how strong does a magnetic field have to be to kill a human.
Comment: Depends on how strong the external field is, we are not particularly good at shielding magnetic fields. :-)
Comment: I think he means the magnetic field generated by the very small currents that control muscular contraction.
Comment: @hebetudinous Yes, and of course by the nerves that carry information to the brain, as electrical impulses.
Comment: That depends how close one can get to the axons, I would say. If we assume a 1nA current and a distance of e.g. 1um, then the field should be on the order of 100pT. For a more distant measurement on e.g. the human brain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoencephalography gives an order of magnitude of 10-1000fT. That's hard to measure.
Answer: Neuromagnetic signals are of the order of 50 to 500 femtoteslas in the brain. (Measured by a SQUID). Split the difference, say 300 fT.
Now you have to guesstimate how much output there is from ordinary cells and their connections.
Say 1/10th of what braincells have, then deduct the 1.4 kg of the highly connected braincells.
Average body weight say 90 kg, so you have (1.4 × 300 fT + 88.6 × 30 fT)  and you have a 420 + 2658 = 3000 fT  magnetic  field.
Is this a very rough (probably wrong) estimate.  Yes

Comment: Magnetic field decreases with distance, so we cannot just add up magnetic fields from different parts of the body. I guess the magnetic field of the brain cells is measured close to the head.
Comment: @akhmeteli Absolutely right beside it, for surgical research. I mean on the brain tissue itself. The problem I have is I don't know what surface area the probe is, that why it's always going to be order of magnitude. By coincidence, I had a head MRI last month, and chatted to a technician , who had done research in the past, but it's still guessing.
Answer: According to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1024491/pdf/brheartj00038-0001.pdf, the magnetic field at the surface of the body is between $10^{-14}$ and $10^{-11}$T. I guess heart has a higher magnetic field than brain. So, surprisingly, the higher value is close (about 3 times higher) to @count_to_10's estimate, although (s)he did not take into account the decrease of magnetic field with distance.


Do both selection rules need to be satisfied for a transition to be allowed?

Question: The selection rules for electron transition are $\Delta l=\pm 1$ and $\Delta m = 0,\pm1$. Do both conditions need to be satisfied for a transition to be allowed?
For example, is the transition from the state ($n=3$ $l=1$ $m_l=0$ $m_s=+1/2$) to the state ($n=3$ $l=1$ $m_l=0$ $m_s=-1/2$) allowed where $\Delta m = 0,\pm1$ is satisfied but $\Delta l=\pm 1$ is not satisfied?
Answer: Both selection rules need to be satisfied for the transition to be allowed.
As an aside, in practice, different transitions can be allowed, singly-forbidden (violating one selection rule), doubly-forbidden (violating two selection rules), etc. For example, in an atom, an electron would decay via a transition that is singly-forbidden more often than one that is doubly-forbidden, but would decay most often via a transition that is allowed.
Answer: These are the selection rules for "electric dipole" transitions, in which the electromagnetic field (or equivalently, the emitted photon) carries away one unit of angular momentum. The dipole field has negative parity, so the orbital angular momentum $\ell$ must change by an odd number for the parity of the entire system to remain constant — but the photon only has one unit of angular momentum, so $|\Delta \ell|>1$ isn't allowed.  Likewise $|\Delta m|>1$ is forbidden because there's not enough angular momentum in the dipole field. However $\Delta m=0$ is allowed because the projection quantum numbers $m$ are orientation-dependent. A transition with  $\Delta m=0$ in your coordinate system might be a (coherent superposition of) transition(s) with $\Delta m=1$ in some rotated coordinate system.
Your proposed transition, where only the projection of the spin changes, is allowed as a "magnetic dipole (M1)" transition; the coupling for an M1 transition is generally weaker than the coupling for an E1 transition with the same energy.
Comment: Your selection rules are only the first column in [this table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_rule#Summary_table).


Are high racers safer due to enhanced visibility compared to low racers or classic recumbents?

Question: Naively, I would expect that a high racer is safer in traffic than a low racer.  With the rider higher up, she or he should be more visible compared to being closer to the ground.  Considering that safety in traffic is the main reason holding me off from riding a recumbent, I wonder: is there evidence that a high racer is safer than a low racer, considering visibility in traffic?
Comment: @ChrisH Visibility only.  The consequences of a crash are a different question.  Edited title for clarity.
Comment: Are you only concerned with visibility, or are you interested in potential trade-offs against crashworthiness?
Answer: In my experience, a higher bike will be seen easier and sooner than a lower bike.
I have had multiple riding events where I've been blocked or obscured by vehicles so another road user (driver) makes decisions based on what they know and what they can see.   If you've not been seen, you're not part of their decision.
Likewise, being lower provides a worse view, and therefore less information on the surroundings for the rider. I've had one night ride on my mid-height bent where it was also foggy, and could not see the road surface before it passed out of sight below my bottom bracket (front bracket?)  I ended up riding off the road into the gravel because the edge of the sealed road was not visible.

On the flip side, I have a strong but unsupported belief that once my recumbent has been seen, the observer is much more likely to notice me and change their actions if required.
The human brain has "layers" that roughly correlate to the embryo's stages of development.  For simplicity, the "reptilian" brain deals with autonomous stuff like balancing, walking, breathing, etc, while the "simian" brain is under willful control where you start thinking about breathing etc.
A road user while driving might observe a regular cyclist, and that information might never rise above the reptile level of brain.  The reaction is autonomous and doesn't bother the active thinking processes.
Observing a weird bike immediately kicks the thought up to management layers, where the simian brain has more of a reaction in the conscious space.

tl;dr the lower the bike, the harder to see but once its been seen you're more likely to be considered by a driver.

I would not use a recumbent for primarily Central Business District (CBD, urban) riding.  My commute is basically 50% rural farmland, 30% residential, 10% park, and 5% dense city so I can ride 30+ minutes without stopping.   Recumbents like to just keep going, and a city environment doesn't encourage that at all with traffic controls and pedestrians.   Dooring near-misses tend to be more common when I'm on the recumbent too, but that may be observer bias (I ride the bent 95% of the time now.)
Comment: This is personal experience - a better answer would search out published studies and research etc.
Comment: @gerrit Central Business District - an area featuring shops and businesses rather than homes.  So its got more traffic, probably on-street parking, and more traffic on the road than a suburban/residential area.


How to show content of custom fields in search results?

Question: I was able to include the pages where there are custom fields in search results but I managed not to display the content when there is nothing in the content. Is there a way to include the content of custom fields in the loop?
Answer: Something along the lines of get_post_custom() or get_post_meta() probably would suit your needs pretty well. You can feed either of them with get_the_ID() for the $post_id.


If reading the answers to another question solved a problem, does that definitively mean that the first question is a duplicate?

Question: If reading the answers to another question solved a problem, does that definitively mean that the first question is a duplicate?
(See my answer below for context)
Answer: I think definitively is too strong of a word to use in conjunction with the duplicate process which has a lot of grey in it but, given that qualification, I would answer Yes, based on the answer to Does the new guidance on duplicate questions suggest closing a question as duplicate, if the original answers the OP's question?.
Delving deeper into your original question on Main (I was not involved in the duplicate), and the way I processed it, I readily concede that I should have provided a comment.  However, not all comments are received well, and I do not always have enough time to spend writing them, so I apologize for skipping that step on this one.
As background, we are very upfront in our Tour that there should be only one question asked in each question.  When I encounter one with two distinct, albeit related, questions like this one, I try to decide whether to vote to close it as lacking focus, or whether to edit it to apply the necessary focus.  In this case I did the latter because it appeared that the answer covered your first question without it needing to be asked.
If you really wanted your first question to be asked (and answered) separately then I think there are two options:

Ask it like you did and risk the community making it a duplicate.  That is what happened, but as a quick fix, so that the question you asked points directly at an answer to it in the duplicate and still open question, you could flag a moderator and ask for them to be merged.  That may well happen in time if left in its current state.
Ask an improved question that starts by explaining what in the answer to the original question was not adequate to address your first (edited out) question. You could edit your duplicate question to bring it to this state.
Answer: No.
First I posted this question. It was a two-fold question:

Exactly what does it mean that a DWG/DXF is georeferenced
How do I check if a DWG/DXF is georeferenced

User PolyGeo edited my question and removed all the parts related to the defition, so only the latter part about checking remained. I tried to look for any kind of comment about why he did so (similar to Wikipedia edit history), but I couldn't find any explanation. My best guess is that he thought the question actually was two questions in one, and that in accordance with the entire concept of Stackexchange, he thought that it was better to reduce it to a more limited scope question.
Before PolyGeo edited my question, user GBG had already submitted an answer which answered both parts.
I thought, that in accordance with the StackExchange concept and goal, which is to build a base of knowledge in the form of Q and A, rather than to immediately help solve users problems, the question about the definition of "georeferenced" files still belongs on GIS.SE. So I added another question about this part: Exactly what does it mean that CAD file is georeferenced?.
Almost immediately a dialogue appeared:

I know that SE closes duplicates, and since I did not consider this a duplicate, I thought carefully about what to answer (and took the screenshot). Yes, the other post actually did contain an answer that answered my question. Yes, in that sense the other post solved my question. But generally speaking, lots of question posts can be answered by reading through all of SE. But that does not mean that those questions should not be on SE (as long as they are not too similar resulting in too much redundant/overlapping information).
I answered "Yes", thinking/hoping that I was not agreeing to label it a duplicate, but instead simply supplying some information to  the SE algorithms about how the two posts are strongly related because the first post actually did help solve the problem giving rise asking the second question. After all, the word duplicate was not mentioned anywhere.
However, after I clicked Yes, SE did label it Duplicate. I disagree that it should be a duplicate and I don't think the way I answered the question concludes that it is a duplicate.
With this specific case as an example, let me explain further why the answer is "No"
Furthermore, I purposely framed my second question to cover CAD files in general, ie broader than DWG/DXF.
The first post answers the question in my second post, but the part that answers my question does no longer fit well into the question in the first post after that question was edited by PolyGeo. That also means that if someone had a better answer to that question than what GBG submitted (more general than DWG/DXF, more correct, more detailed, better explained, citing examples for comparison, etc.), they are unlikely to submit it anywhere. They can't submit it to my second post because it has been labeled a duplicate, and they can't too well submit it into the first post because they are answering something which is no longer part of the question after it was edited.


How to determine the most active time of a user from active directory logs

Question: I have user data login logs from Active directory data that lists when a user was logged in to a server. I am looking to find a deviation in the normal behavior of the user. For example if a user is usually active from say 9am to 5pm, if there is some activity outside this, it should be detected.
I am unsure if the min(first logon) and the max(last logon) should be considered.
Any input will be appreciated.
Comment: Are you asking for help in how to calculate this from a file, or what calculation to do to detect outliers?
Comment: @CalZ , from a file as plotting again and again would be difficult.
Comment: You can easily calculate the activity histogram using SQL, reading the CSVs with something like Spark or Drill. If you want to go the next step, you can model the activity's _conditional_ distribution (based on the day, or some other state). Once you have the distribution, it is easy to calculate the probability of activity in some interval. Then you simply compare this probability with a threshold to declare it anomalous or not.
Answer: As always, start by looking at the data.  Pick a user, and look at their typical login times.  Maybe plot a histogram to show the distribution of time of day of their login.  Pick another user, and look at them.  Pick a few more.  Do you see any patterns?  Do they have a common shape?  Do users fall into a few clusters?  Try to understand the data well.
Then, once you have a feeling for what normal behavior tends to look like, and how it varies from user to user, you can start to think about how to build a model that captures this random behavior and helps you distinguish normal vs abnormal behavior (perhaps by some kind of anomaly detection).
But as always: start by visualizing the data.  Asking how to approach the problem or what machine learning method to use is premature, until you have a better understanding of the data.
Comment: every user has different behavior meaning every user has a different cluster (visualized the data to conclude this). But I'm afraid if k means clustering can be used for this.
Answer: Ok, this is a very exciting problem. Quite different than the ones we usually see on this site. And, even more exciting is that I think that one of the oldest methods in the book is what you are truly looking for.
So from what I gather, you have the time that a user is active per day as your data and you want to determine times when they log on that deviates away from their usual activity.
Ex: User 1, active from 9:00am to 15:00pm.
This is often called anomaly detection. You are trying to detect when a behavior from a specific user is anomalous (different) than their normal. So how is this done?
Anomaly detection algorithms are capable of learning the distribution a single set of labels (normal activity) and then it will be able to flag when an anomaly occurs (anomalous activity). This is when an instance is sufficiently different than the learned distribution.
To get the baseline distribution in your case it is very easy which makes it quite exciting! All you need to do is collect information about the user during a burn-in period. Here you need to make a choice. Do you want to track the users activity daily, or throughout the week, the month? etc... If we are talking about activity in a server that is used for work, weekly would likely be better. However, if it's a gaming server then maybe daily is better. You need to think about the regularity of the users schedule in regards to the kind of server you are hosting. Let's assume you are interested in their daily activity. Then you can have a burn-in period of a few weeks.
So set up a probability graph which will be your probability distribution function. The $x$-axis is going to be the hours of the day, and the $y$-axis will be the frequency (you will need this to be normalized afterwards for the math to work out). So, each time the user logs on, you will add onto the plot a box unit 1 ($y$-axis) for that time slot. This is essentially a histogram!! At the end you will end up with a curve that shows the likelihood of the user being active for any given hour of the day.
Now, if you see that a user logs on at a time $X$, you can use the probability density function to get the probability of the event having been drawn from that distribution. In other words, what is the likelihood that the user would be online at a time $X$. If this likelihood is below a threshold $\alpha$ then you are safe to assume that it is anomalous. This is more commonly known as the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT).
The disadvantage of this technique is that you need to train the hyper-parameter $\alpha$, your threshold. Which is easy to do given you have labeled data. You know what behavior is normal/anomalous. If you don't have this information. You can just set an arbitrary threshold and fix it as you see fit based on the resulting false positive or false negative rates you will encounter.
I am suggesting this because you can easily get the parametrization of your probability distribution. So if you do not use it you are missing out on a lot of information.
Another non-parametric way to do anomaly detection would be to use a specialized K-NN method which makes use of the $p$-statistic test in a very clever way. I have found a lot of success on very limited datasets using their methods. The paper you should start with is:
Learning Minimum Volume Sets and Anomaly Detectors from KNN Graphs
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.06105.pdf
And then you can go onto their simplest implementation, which you can then expand on by reading their other papers (bagging, ranking, etc...)
Anomaly detection with score functions based on nearest neighbor graphs
https://papers.nips.cc/paper/3723-anomaly-detection-with-score-functions-based-on-nearest-neighbor-graphs.pdf


Custom Page in SharePoint Online

Question: I would like create a custom page in the SPO using SPA with HTML,CSS and JS. I was not able to find a way to start with I want complete page or Full Page. I want create like webpage with responsive to all devices.
Comment: Do you mean sections within a modern SharePoint Online page? e.g. web parts etc
Comment: The true SPA where you take over the whole HTML and it's hosted in SharePoint Online is not officially supported and not recommended, but it's possible. The recommended approach is to create Webparts that are not SPA, but instead take up a specific area on a screen.
Comment: Ahhh I see, sounds like a hack. Surely a full page web part is more advisable? Is it really "customising SharePoint" if you're ripping everything out?
Comment: I meant like .aspx page @CallumCrowley
Answer: According to my research and testing, I recommend that you use SPFx to create web parts and put custom web parts on SharePoint Oline pages as needed to implement custom pages.
You can refer to this document to build the Web Part using SPFx: Build your first SharePoint client-side web part (Hello World part 1)
Comment: Is it not possible to make custom .aspx page in SPO ?
Answer: You have to use a regular SharePoint .aspx page with a Webpart, and then have your SPA loaded by this webpart. By using CSS, you can hide the extra SP stuff you don't want to show. I have an application that works this way. It's not optimal because all the SharePoint crap is loaded… but it's better than nothing.
In my case, I couldn't use SPFx with a "modern" page (because the app catalog was not available to me), so I used a Content Editor Webpart within a "classic" SharePoint webPart page. With this webpart you can load an .html page (built using NodeJS and webpack).
Comment: How about uploading .html .js. css file to style library and render into the page, Is it possible ?
Comment: This isn't supported and can break whenever Microsoft push styling/markup changes to SharePoint: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sharepoint/dev/solution-guidance/modern-experience-customizations-customize-pages#supported-customizations-for-modern-pages
Comment: @striker92: it's what I'm doing, I upload .html .css .js files to a document library, and then I call my index.html in my Content Editor webpart, and it loads my async components. As noted by Callum, it's not ideal and if you can use SPFx, it would be the preferable solution (in my case I couldn't use it).

Custom Page in SharePoint Online


Fiedler vector, what else?

Question: In the spectral analysis of a graph with 1 connected component, the first non-trivial eigenvector (corresponding to the non-zero smallest eigenvalue) is also called the Fiedler vector. This vector is useful in graph partitioning because it minimizes the distance between the connected vertices in the original graph. In other ways, it can creates partitions in which nodes within the same partitions have minimal distance/high similarity and nodes between partitions have minimum edges connecting them.
Now, my question is, as soon as we go to higher eigenvalues, what do eigenvectors mean? Do they represent other partitions of the same graph? Should they be taken into consideration?
Comment: Try to look up "nodal domains" in the context of graphs. The rough idea (but wrong in this exact form) is that the subgraph induced on the non-negative (or non-positive) entries of an eigenvector to the $k$-th largest eigenvalue has $k-1$ connected components. There exist some estimates on how wrong this number can be.
Answer: Yes. See e.g. the paper Multi-way spectral partitioning and higher-order Cheeger inequalities by Lee, Oveis-Gharan and Trevisan. They show how the first $k$ eigenvectors can be used to find a useful $k$-way partitioning.
Comment: Thank you for your quick and helpful answer. Do you think 3rd,4th,5th... eigenvectors by themselves can be used or the k partitioning is supposed to happen in k-dimensions(so with eigenvectors up to k)?
Answer: The Fiedler vector refers to the second smallest eigenvalue, here is a study of
The third smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix (2001).

The relationship between the third smallest eigenvalue of the
Laplacian matrix and the graph structure is explored. For a tree the
complete description of the eigenvector corresponding to this
eigenvalue is given and some results about the multiplicity of this
eigenvalue are given.

Fiedler vector, what else?


The speed of a particle when instead of pure circular motion it is forced to do a helicoidal-circular motion

Question:
Is it right that if a proton is trapped in a magnetic field it is forced to do a circular motion of a distinct radius.Now, if a quark inside that proton does a rotation inside the proton volume can the quark trajectory in the magnetic field be described by a helicoidal curve shown on the picture? I am interested in the problem that arises from the differences in the lengths of the simple circle of the proton center of mass trajectory and the quarks' helicoidal curve when one rotation in the magnetic field has elapsed,which implies that the velocities of the proton center of mass and the distinct quark are different...So if a proton is accelerated to reach 99.9% of the speed of light inside that magn. field the quark speed should be slightly higher as the helicoidal-circular curve is slightly longer than the pure circular curve?
Comment: @BioPhysicist you can't even talk properly about single quarks inside a proton, unless you are probing with high enough energies
Comment: Is it valid to even consider a classical trajectory for a quark?
Answer: The trajectories of charged tracks in a magnetic field are given by the solution of classical electromagnetism equations. If the velocity of the particle is perpendicular  to the magnetic field, a circle is closed. If there is an angle to the field a spiral is induced by momentum conservation in that direction.
Electrons , pions etc, though,  are quantum mechanical entities when interacting with each other and need quantum mechanical solutions for the interaction, in macroscopic dimensions, where h_bar, the Planck constant is commensurate to zero. Charged quantum particles also obey classical equations in macroscopic dimensions, this can be seen in the bubble chamber pictures here.
The quantum mechanical interactions are calculated using quantum field theory and the data up to now fit the calculations with great accuracy. The predictions of the theory are on the probability of finding a particle at (x,y,z,t), so an accumulation of data with the exact same conditions has to be made, in order to check theory with experiment.
In bound quantum mechanical states, there are no trajectories. The electrons around a nucleus, the protons inside the nucleus, the quarks inside the proton do not move in trajectories/orbits but in orbitals, probability loci. A single electron measured about a nucleus will just give an (x,y,z,t) , a point in the plots of the link.
There is no way a macroscopic magnetic field can affect bound state particles, because any effect has to happen with elementary particle interactions. The magnetic field   interacting  with the proton macroscopically turning it into a circle expends all the possible interaction energy in making the proton turn. There is no field penetrating the proton, so it does not even make sense to ask about quark-external-magnetic-field interactions. The only magnetic interactions the quark may see are internal, due to the magnetic moments of the nuclei in the nucleus.
Comment: I have read about energy levels,qantum numbers, radial and angular nodes and probability distribution in the case eg. of H-atom... but if 'gamma' for relativistic mass for a proton is same nevertheless if taking in account the velocity of the center of mass or 'expected non stationary' quarks does it imply they are not moving at all inside there?
Comment: in bound states the notion of motion is superseded by "probability of being at (x,y,z,t)" . The classical definition of velocity has no meaning for bound states.


Prime number in a polynomial expression

Question: Will be glad for a little hint: let x and n be positive integer such that $1+x+x^2+\dots+x^{n-1}$ is a prime number then show that n is prime
Comment: Is that supposed to be $1+x+x^2+\dots+x^{n-1}$?
Comment: Hint: $k|n \Rightarrow (x^k-1)|(x^n-1)$.
Comment: I suggest trying to find a decompostion for this polynomial remembering that a prime number have only the trivial decomposition
Answer: Hint $\ $ The sequence $\rm\:f_n = (x^n-1)/(x-1)\:$ is a divisibility sequence, i.e. $\rm\:m\:|\:n\:$ $\Rightarrow$ $\rm\:f_m\:|\:f_n.\:$
In fact it is a strong divisibility sequence, i.e. $\rm\:(f_m,f_n) = f_{\:\!(m,n)},\:$ which implies an intimate relationship between divisibility properties of the $\rm\:f_n\:$ and integers $\rm\:n\:$ (so, in particular, relation between notions associated with divisibility, such as irreducible = prime).
Answer: Let $n = kl$. Consider
$$
(1 + x + ... + x^{k-1})(1 + x^k + x^{2k} + ... + x^{(l-1)k}) = (1 + x + ... + x^{n-1})
$$
Answer: Assuming that you meant that $1+x+x^2+\ldots+x^{n-1}$ is prime, note that this sum is $\frac{x^n-1}{x-1}$. If $n=ab$, we have $$\frac{x^n-1}{x-1}=\frac{(x^a)^b-1}{x-1}=\frac{(x^a-1)(1+x^a+x^{2a}+\ldots+x^{(b-1)a})}{x-1}\;,$$ and $\dfrac{x^a-1}{x-1}=\;$?

Prime number in a polynomial expression


i3 Windows Manager - assigning window to workspace

Question: How can I configure i3 window manager to open new program (window) started in terminal on a specific workspace?
Answer: This is what you have to put in your ~/.i3/config file:
For example you want Emacs always opened up in work-space 4.
assign [class="Emacs"]   4

How do you get the class info?
Run xprop and click on the window you want to capture. For example while Emacs is running, using another terminal execute xprop and then click on the Emacs window. In the output you will find :

WM_CLASS(STRING) = "emacs", "Emacs"

The first string is the instance and the second one is the class.
Finally restart i3 ($mod+Shift+r ) for the changes to take place.
Answer: I believe it's answered in i3 User Guide: 4.16. Automatically putting clients on specific workspaces. You can match windows on many criteria - explained in detail here.
For example the following config will always open Firefox on workspace 2:
assign [class="Firefox"] 2

As per second doc I linked in class selectors you can use regular expressions, so you can say that everything that's not your terminal will open on specific workspace.
Answer: On startup, you use
assign [class="X-terminal-emulator"] 1'
assign [class="Firefox"] 10'
assign [class="Thunderbird"] 9'
assign [title="cmus v2.9.0"] 8'

You can also do that from the command line, notice that the syntax is different:
i3-msg '[class="X-terminal-emulator"]  move to workspace 1'
i3-msg '[class="Firefox"]     move to workspace 10'
i3-msg '[class="Thunderbird"] move to workspace 9'
i3-msg '[title="cmus v2.9.0"] move to workspace 8'


How to fry potato so that it becomes crispy without an oven or a fryer?

Question: After cutting the potatoes I put them in boiling oil in a pan and then mix them while they get cooked, but it takes like an hour and they hardly become crispy.
I don't have an oven so all I can use is a stove. What can I do to make them crispy?
Comment: Try http://cooking.stackexchange.com/
Comment: Just a quick one - if you want to stop feeling hungry (referring to your other post), stop cooking such delicious snacks!
Comment: @apaul34208 This question will receive better answers in the cooking site, but are you sure it is off-topic here
Answer: We have crispy "little fried potatoes" every week with omelettes.  Chop the spuds the size of dice - important to get them all approximately the same size. Different potato varieties give different results/timings. Maris Piper are good. Microwave the diced spuds for 4 minutes in a bowl.  They come out a bit hot and sticky - separate them and add to a non-stick pan with plenty of hot oil over a medium-hot flame and keep turning them. About 6-8 minutes they will be crispy. After 10 minutes they can be TOO crispy/burnt, so watch the pan.
At the crispy stage you can make instant "patatas bravas" by pouring off the excess oil, reducing the heat and adding a teaspoon of hot chili sauce plus as much tomato ketchup as you like to dilute the chili.
Answer: I fry my chips in two goes:

First frying: mid power, let them simmer. You can jam in as many potatoes as you want at this stage, just so long as they're fully covered by the oil.
When they're getting nice and floppy, take the chips out, and turn up the stove until the oil is very hot.
Put the chips back in the pan, but not all at once! I usually do two batches, so they go properly crispy without sticking together. This stage is much faster.
Scarf the lot.
Answer: If you 'parboil' them first, so boil them for about ~10 minutes - long enough for them to go a little bit soft but not fully cooked and then drain them and allow them to cool for a little while. Also cover them in a little bit of dripping / fat which will allow the outsides to really crisp up nicely.
If you are cutting the potatoes thin enough you can probably omit the parboiling and cover them in a little bit of fat / dripping and then fry them up and they shouldn't take long to cook at all, but the sort of pre-cook process makes the centers cooked so you wouldn't have to wait as long for them to be cooked in the oil.
Yet another method is similar to the one you have mentioned - I am not sure how much oil you are referring to but you can make a make-shift deep fat fryer, just fill the pan with enough oil to cover all of the potato cuttings and heat the oil up so it's nice and hot (boiling) and drop in your parboiled potato bits - I've done this after a disaster with an old deep fat fryer and the result was some of the nicest chips I've had, albeit rather greasy. A way top reduce the grease is to allow them to sit on some kitchen towel which should soak up any of the excess oil but does leave them a little cold afterwards.
Hope this helps.
Comment: yes to the kitchen paper - if we don't "bravas" them and eat them plain, I usually tip them onto kitchen paper to soak up excess grease before serving


When is it right to use the log of responses in a relative potency test?

Question: We have two preparations, standard and test described. There is evidence of heteroscedasticity, and less than ten units(unequal for both test). I learnt that assuming normal distribution, gives better and valid confidence interval than the arrived at using log_10 values. When is using log appropriate and ani adjustment for small sample size assay,RP test, generalizable for population's (\Rho value.). Thanks
Answer: The choice between non-transformed and transformed data depends on the nature of the data. The standard t-test for comparing the means between 2 groups assumes that there is a normal distribution of values within each group, with the same variance within each group. If that's close enough to true, then there's no need to transform. If there's normality in each group but different variances between them, then there's no need to transform and Welch's t-test can be used.
If normality doesn't hold within groups, then a log or other transformation might help. But then you are comparing the means on the transformed scale, not the original scale.
With as few samples as you have, it would be difficult to judge whether or not the normality and equal-variance assumptions hold. With that few samples, however, you could easily do a permutation test instead to get an estimate of the reliability of your mean difference. Say that you have $N_S$ cases of "standard" and $N_T$ cases of "test." After you calculate the mean difference on the original data, you take all the $N_S+ N_T$ values and re-calculate the mean difference for all possible combinations of $N_S$ "standard" and $N_T$ "test" labels. For example, if $N_S = 6$ and $N_T = 4$, there are only 210 such combinations. The two-sided p-value for your original mean difference is the fraction of those mean values whose absolute value is greater than that of your original (correctly labeled) mean difference.


How to reduce the heat on a gas burner

Question: I have a new gas cooktop and the lowest setting on the smallest burner still produces afast rolling boil rather that a very low simmer. How can I reduce the heat?
Comment: Turn the knob toward the off position and adjust carefully from that direction.
Comment: Does this happen all of the time after you turn down the flame? You could just remove the cookware for a few minutes then put it back on the low flame
Answer: 1. Simmer/Burner Plate
You can use a simmer plate or something to diffuse the heat. For example:

http://www.thekitchn.com/good-tool-burner-plate-for-low-107122
Google: Heat Diffuser

From the first link, a suggestion is to use a cast iron skillet as a heat diffuser. That should work in a pinch.
2. Adjust the Flame
Alternatively, some stoves allow you to adjust the flame level. I'm not a technician, so please do this at your own risk, read the manual, etc....
Comment: one can also try using a larger pot - the increased surface area makes it get rid of heat faster, thus it won't heat up as much as a smaller pot
Answer: Since this is a new gas range, I'd suggest that you have the supplier confirm that the correct size orifices are installed.  Generally speaking, most gas ranges come with two or more sets of orifices: Propane and Natural gas.  Not only do those have different BTU ratings per unit of gas, they also normally run different pressures.  In North America, natural gas is usually at 7" water column pressure, Propane runs at 11" water column pressure.  Propane also contains more energy than Natural gas, which exacerbates the problem if you are running from Propane with Natural Gas orifices installed.
Comment: the pressures you mentioned are typical for residential indoor gas distribution. the actual pressure to the burner is normally regulated to a lower pressure. 3" for ng. Outdoor you may have over 60 psi.
Answer: I'm surprised nobody has suggested turning up the heat until the burner is almost off. Just between being off and being at full is the smallest flame possible.
Comment: @PrestonFitzgerald - it's not always unsafe.  If you're there watching the food, you'll notice the stove going out quickly.  Our stove at home will try to restart *if it goes out* while the gas flows, so there's loud clicking sounds if there's a problem, not if it is still burning.  It also depends on the actual size of the flame - when you're picking a flame size, you nudge it pretty carefully till it looks *stable*, and the size you want is secondary.  Sometimes you have to put up with a little bigger flame to make sure it's stable, the "minimum stable flame size" is actually a constant.
Comment: This answer solved it for me ... I had my biggest pot on my smalled element and it was still overboiling on the lowest setting. Doing the above made it work.
Comment: Interesting. My initial reaction was to think that this wasn't possible on my stove. I tried to visualize it and I was convinced that the electric starter would continuously "zap" if left in such a position. I just went downstairs and tested it and you're right. You can get the flame lower than it is on the low setting. My Spidey senses are tingling though. It seems slightly unsafe. If the flame is very low it may blow out, allowing unlit gas to filter into your kitchen. Maybe I'm just paranoid.
Answer: This is a common problem for single cooks who cook in small portions. A burner produces a constant energy output, which will bring different amounts of food to different end temperatures.
You can consider cooking a larger batch of food at once. This will give you a simmer and lots of tasty leftovers. Many liquid foods such as soups also freeze well.
Of course this is not the right solution for every case, but it's worth taking into account.
Answer: If you can't adjust or diffuse the heat enough, consider a separate electric cooktop. Single place electric burners are very common, inexpensive, and you may be able to adjust the heat output better.  Look into induction cooktops when you do, you might be surprised at the control you have over your cooking with one of these.
Answer: I wanted to comment on another answer, but I don't have enough reputation.
On my stove, I am able to achieve a lower output towards the "off" position, than in the lowest output position.
The risk is that the flame may go out, especially if it is windy. This could essentially fill the room with unburned gas and be an explosion risk.
But that is why most stoves have a thermocouple. If your stove has a thermocouple, it should be safe to use this method, since it would turn off the gas supply if there isn't any flame.
Answer: I figured out another solution:

First adjust the main gas valve on the stove back, its not only on and off. Then check that the lower output setting on the operating panel still outputs the amount of gas which burns steadily, also if you set fire on the other stages as well in the same time.
If this is not sufficient enough then try the solution above, when the knob is almost off settings.

Note: The first method doesn't really work well if you work with gas tank

How to reduce the heat on a gas burner


Relativistic ship and base on Earth talking

Question: Let say humans make it possible to travel so close to the speed of light that time dilation for the ship can achieve 100 times the time of a standing still object. So one of that ships starts its journey and after a while something goes wrong and they have to call the base on Earth. The chat consists of two sentences that the pilot on board says in 1 minute. My question is why his sentences the people on the base should listen for almost two hours? To not have problems with signal shift due to ship relative motion regarding Earth let assume the ship is orbiting Earth at a large but constant distance.
Comment: From your question, you seem to understand that time dilation is a thing and how it works. Could you be more precise on what you don't understand about the message undergoing time dilation as well? Or is the problem to understand time dilation itself?
Comment: The answer depends entirely on whether the ship is traveling toward earth, away from earth, or in orbit around the earth.  As currently worded, the question is ambiguous on this point.
Answer: Let's say there are two events:
A. The pilot starts their message
B. The pilot finishes their message
In the rocket frame, which we'll call $S^{\prime}$, the time between those events is $\Delta t_{AB}^{\prime}$ as you've said in the question. To work out the time between the message being first received and ending on Earth, the $S$ frame, we'll need to Lorentz transform.
\begin{equation}
\Delta t_{AB} = \gamma \Delta t_{AB}^{\prime}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\gamma &= \left(1 - \frac{v^{2}}{c^{2}}\right)^{-\frac{1}{2}}
&= 100
\end{split}
\end{equation}
from the information you've given about the relative velocity of the ship and someone standing still on Earth. Therefore $\Delta t_{AB} = 100 $min.
This effect is known as time dilation. Special relativity predicts that, in order for the speed of light to remain constant in all inertial frames, time has to run at different rates for observers moving with different velocities.
EDIT:
As WillO has pointed out in the comments of your original question and both answers given, the ambiguity as to whether the ship is orbiting or travelling towards/away from Earth is actually quite important. The answer given here is based on the assumption that the ship is orbiting Earth, however in the other two cases you must consider the relativistic Doppler effect as detailed in the answer below.
Comment: This is correct if the ship is a) moving relative to earth and b) not changing its distance from the earthbound observer.  In other words, it is correct if the ship is in orbit around a very tiny planet.    I hastily downvoted, thinking that this was contradictory to the OP's assumptions, but I see now that the OP is ambiguous on this point.  So I apologize for the downvote, which I seem to be unable to retract.
Comment: I've edited my answer which should remove the vote lock. If you would still like to remove your downvote then you can click on the downarrow again to do so. No big deal either way though.
Comment: Downvote removed.  I still think it would be much better if you stated ckearly that your answer applies only to an orbiting ship around a planet small enough to treat as a point.
Comment: Given your comments I've edited my answer appropriately. Between both answers given, the OP should have a reasonably complete answer to their original question (although, as Nickolas Alves points out, it sounds as though the original question stemmed from misunderstandings regarding the existence of time dilation).


Where's The Best Place to use Register_Shutdown_Function()?

Question: I want to use Register Shutdown Function to track Fatal Errors, my question is, where's the best place to call this so it hits both WordPress, Plugin, and Theme Fatal Errors?
Answer: WordPress core register a shutdown function on its own (source) the function shutdown_action_hook registered to be ran on shutdown, call
do_action( 'shutdown' );

and little more (source).
So, if you want to register a shutdown function in WordPress way just add your function on 'shutdown' hook:
add_action( 'shutdown', 'my_shutdown_callback' );

function my_shutdown_callback() {
  error_log('Goodbye');
}

Where to put this code is not very important, a plugin, a mu plugin, functions.php, it doesn't matter, it will run always on shutdown...
Of course register it as soon as possible allows you to catch early errors, so using a mu plugin you can catch errors that happen on plugins init.
Comment: @Howdy_McGee use a plugin, or a mu plugin. In the latter case you can just put the code I posted (of course using the real callback) and save the file in the mu-plugins folder and you are done. If you use a regular plugin than you have to use plugin headers and activate it in backend.
Comment: I mean, are there really any other alternatives to putting it at the top of my themes `functions.php` file so that it registers as early as possible? +1
Comment: @Howdy_McGee when developing a theme, no, there is no (useful) alternative. Possible alternatives are are on top of plugins or MU plugins files, but if you are developing a theme...
Comment: The reason that I'm looking to do this is because I do manage multiple themes, and would like to run automatic updates on all of them but the problem with that is if one of the plugins isn't compatible and throws a fit. The only other option I was thinking is to manually add it to wp-config.php or a similar file but I'm not sure what files get overwritten on update.


Schengen visa for month with 15 days of maximum stay

Question: I have a visa for a month with 15 days of maximum stay starting from September 5 until October 4. I will be traveling to a Schengen state on September 15 until 29. Am I allowed to stay until the end date of validity?
Comment: I have mentioned that I will stay from 15 sep till 30
Comment: Oh yes sorry i was mistaken.. i have edited it.
Answer: The starting day and the ending day both count fully, so from the 15. to the 30. counts as 16 days.
You need to come a day later, or leave a day earlier.
This can be verified by using the Schengen Calculator.
Answer: Am I allowed to stay until the end date of validity?
September 15 to October 4 is 19 days. That's more than what you are allowed to stay (15 days). So the answer to that question is no.
Answer: Generally, you are allowed to stay until October, 4th.
But keeping in mind, that your duration of stay may not exceed 15 days you are not allowed to stay until October, 4th, if you arrive earlier than September, 20th (September, 20th to October, 4th make 15 days).
So, if you arrive on September 15 (as you plan) -  you are not allowed to stay until October 4.
If you arrive on September 20 or later - you can remain until the end date of your visa.
I suggest that you have a single entry visa. If you have a multiple entry visa, you can leave the Schengen area and enter egain several days later staying until Ocotber 4. But even in this case the total duration of your visits may not exceed 15 days.
Comment: We are keeping in mind for 15 days.. we will not exceed. A question triggers in my mind why they have issued us very short stay of visa


Are Microsoft/Windows accounts synced between devices?

Question: Here's the situation: I have an old computer with a hard drive with some files I wish to transfer to my new computer later. I used the old computer with my Microsoft account with which I'll use the new one, too. Should I connect the old hard drive to the new computer, would I get access to all it's folders and files since the account is the same (but in different computers), will I need to re-enter my old password or will the old hard drive treat my new computer's account as a completely different user? I've had a problem before with an old hard drive which had Windows XP installed which wouldn't let me access the files and I had to do lots of "hacking" to get through it.
Comment: Start the old computer, copy the files you want to c:\temp.  You can give Everyone permissions to c:\temp and then you can readily read this on the new computer.
Answer: If they are synced is feature that can be enabled or disabled. With syncing meaning sharing settings wallpapers etc...
You can connect your old harddrive to the new computer but I guess the account on the old computer is seen as a different account because it has a different SID (Security IDentifier) so you may have to give yourself access rights on the HD of the old computer.
Answer: Believe it or not .. that is a great question
as a OS: M. Windows does have a "sync" feature .. which you manually can enable/disable via settings
*you can even select which setting , saved passwords , apps and many more you would like to sync "or just a generic on or off"
*in your case you would absolutely need to be signed in your own M. account / along with a full verification - if that still does not allow "full access" - you can log into your online M. account and attempt that direction
I wish you the best of luck !
*please do remember M. Window's 10 requires that you are fully verified and ensures that it is in fact you that is attempting this information gather #blessing/Curse
*Microsoft as a whole has a very strict identity verification and validation system along a very hard driven policy to ensure privacy and user confidence
Answer: Unless you were additionally using a service like OneDrive, using the same Microsoft account will do nothing more than transfer some personal settings. Files will not be transferred.
To address the original question, using a Microsoft account actually doesn't affect anything in this configuration. Nor will it make life any easier.
You will need to plug in the old hard drive to the new computer through an external drive bay/adapter or by using a spare SATA port in the computer. The next step is always to gain access to the drive by taking ownership of the files and folders. That has been discussed many times with multiple explanations: You dont currently have permission to access this folder error
Then you will be able to drag and drop files as required.


Are diamonds as chemically inert as glass?

Question: Every beaker that I have seen in a lab is made of glass. Glass, as I understand, is made of SiO2, or silicon dioxide, which has a crystalline structure that is similar to diamond. This property causes both diamonds and glass to be chemically inert. My question is, (ignoring the costs and technicalities of production), could beakers be feasibly made out of diamonds? Following up on this question, are there solutions that can dissolve glass effectively? What about solutions that can dissolve diamonds?
Comment: No feasibility as there is no significant chemical advantage over the glass and the cost involved.
Comment: Don't omit that burning diamond is difficult but it can be done.
Answer: Diamonds are chemically inert. They burn at very high temperatures, but apart from this, they don't react. They are insoluble in all sorts of solvents, with the exceptions of iron above its melting point (~1500°C}. Glass is not really chemically inert. It is slowly attacked by concentrated solution of NaOH, or by pure NaOH above its melting point. It is also attacked by hydrofluoric acid HF.
Comment: Iron with dissolved carbon is steel. Can you get carbon from steel by dissolving iron in an acid? I don't think so.
Comment: When diamond is dissolved into iron, it cannot be recovered later on after dissolving in an acid. The only substance to be recovered is amorphous carbon, or iron carbide.
Comment: The comment above makes me to want point out that dissolving something it just means getting it dissolved. Finer details and mechanisms are not included in asserting that X dissolves Y.
Comment: Does diamond really dissolve in iron, but as what? By dissolution, I mean one can recover them after dissolving iron in acid. Never
Comment: Diamonds are *less* chemically inert that lab glassware. For example they will burn at temperatures which would merely *melt* lab glassware (which is done to manipulate it into different shapes.).
Comment: @matt_black It's not a competition. ;)
Comment: "functionalized diamond" gives five million hits on google. ;)


state of the art in density estimation

Question: I have seen density estimation methods which are pretty old. Specifically, I am referring to Parzen Window method. When I read the original Parzen's paper, I was amazed by it's beauty and I know that Parzen window method is still pretty common. For instance, it is used by Ian Goodfellow in his original GAN paper. Are there more advanced density estimation methods and what are their pros and cons? Is density estimation as active field of research? If so, what are some recent influential papers in this area?
Comment: I have found Bernard Silverman's publications on density estimation to be clearly written and useful.
Comment: if you're willing to view generative models as performing density estimation, then yes, plenty.
Answer: There is plenty of modern work going on in density estimation. For instance, the ICLR 2020 conference submission deadline was in the last 24 hours; all the submissions are here, and I'm sure there are at least one or two that belong on this list but I just haven't seen them yet.
KDE is still a workhorse in low dimensions, but its application to settings like the one in the original GAN paper was seriously flawed and it is (thankfully) no longer really done in those settings. Yet even on KDE there's still work going on, e.g. this paper from a few years ago about consistency of KDE with fixed bandwidths, or algorithmically speaking this paper that could be viewed sort of as using a "deep kernel" instead of something like a Gaussian.
Some lines of recent work on density estimation include:

Autoregressive models: here we factor $p(x_1, x_2, x_3) = p(x_1) p(x_2 \mid x_1) p(x_3 \mid x_1, x_2)$, and estimate each density with some parametric model. Influential papers include RNADE, PixelRNN, PixelCNN, WaveNet, and MADE. This models often produce both good densities and good samples, but can be slow, since they need to go through e.g. a whole image pixel-by-pixel.
Normalizing flows: these models start with a simple distribution, say a Gaussian, and stack a series of invertible transformations on top of that which are constrained to have simple Jacobians, so that you can compute densities with the change of variables formula. Influential papers include the original, RealNVP, GLOW, and FFJORD.  (MAF is a cool combination of MADE with flows.) These models also produce both decent likelihoods and samples, but because each transformation needs to be invertible and have a simple Jacobian-determinant, they typically need to be fairly deep and the latent factors need to be the full size of the output, so they tend to be quite memory-intensive.
There's also a fair amount of work on fitting unnormalized density functions with methods other than maximum likelihood, with techniques like score matching and noise contrastive estimation; some recent examples of score matching include a recent paper of mine and a more recent technique you should maybe use instead.
There's also a huge recent literature on generative models that eschew explicit density functions entirely, like GANs and their many variants (including a few of mine). Variational autoencoders are a halfway point there, in that they use a bound on likelihoods but don't really estimate densities.
Answer: I agree with BruceET that Silverman's work offers a good read on kernel density estimation (KDE). However, it is far from recent.
A good recent overview on KDE is given in "Scott - Multivariate Density Estimation". You can also have a look at "Simonoff - Smoothing methods in statistics" (less recent). One major development after Parzen's and Silverman's work is variable (or adaptive) kernel density estimation (VKDE), where you use a different bandwidths $h_j$ for each sample point $x_j$:
$$
\hat f(x) = \frac{1}{J}\sum_{j=1}^{J} h_j^{-d} K\left(\frac{x-x_j}{h_j}\right),
$$
(this approach can be generalized by using unisotropic kernels, i.e. $h_j$ being a matrix). VKDE is also discussed in Scott's book with many references to Abramson, Jones, Terrell, Wand and others. One particular publication I would stress (this is subjective) is the one of Botev, Grotowski and Kroese, for which there is a free Matlab implementation by Botev here.
Remark: It is not quite accurate that VKDE began after Silverman's work, since it was pioneered in 1977 by "Breiman, Meisel, Purcell - Variable kernel estimates of multivariate densities". But a lot of its development came later.

state of the art in density estimation


problem with cancel button Triggering a workflow on file upload in document library

Question: When a user clicks on Add Document, a File upload dialogue is displayed and the user browses for a file. Even though he clicks cancel button after file upload, workflow is triggering. How to avoid this behavior when user clicks on cancel button.
Answer: You need to trigger the workflow on file modified, not file created.
Essentially, the process is: SharePoint uploads the file, then checks it out to the user who uploaded it until the required file metadata has been filled out, then update the file with the metadata.


Using ImageWidget as form element

Question: I would like to have a multi image upload in my form with an option to sort images and provide optional title/alt. This functoonality is present in the image widget field widget plugin and so instead of writing a lot of new code I am wondering if there is a simple way to use it as form element somehow?
Comment: I do not think there is a simple way to do this without writing a lot of duplicate code. You could re-use parts of the tabledrag API to do sorting, which might not be "a lot" of code, but there is still code to be written. Create a  form array with a key, which contains an indexed array of form children being your image widget. Wrap this in a conditional to check some form state that adds a new form child. Add a button that calls a PHP ajax callback, return the form array with only the key. Probably not suitable for a comment, but I'm tired and don't feel like writing out code for you.
Answer: I agree with @mradcliffe, that there is probably no simple way to reuse field widgets for normal form fields. The code of field widgets heavily depend on an underlying entity field.
I think the best solution is to create a mock custom entity. As you obviously don't need to store the result, otherwise you would already use an entity, you can set
<code>"storage" = "Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityNullStorage",
</code>
in the entity. Example for this is the core Contact Form, which needs very little code to implement fully customizable forms by reusing the form API for entity forms.
Answer: Simply configure your field to unlimited value with image type, and you'll get exactly what you said: upload multiple images, provide there title and alt attributes, and sort them.
You can change this in the field parameter (number of authorized values).

Using ImageWidget as form element


Adding gmail contacts in ichat for me.com account

Question: I have a @me.com account and I created an Ichat account using it. I am trying to add my gmail contacts from the address book/ adding just the gmail addresses. Noone seems to get my invitations. Why so? Is @me.com account only for adding @me.com accounts?
Answer: If you create a me.com account in iChat, this will serve as an AIM account. If you want to add your Google Talk/Google+ friends with Gmail addresses, then you will have to add a Google account in iChat. This is very simple to do in Lion, simply go to iChat>Preferences, click on Accounts, and hit the small + button in the bottom left. Then you will be prompted to add new account information and just select the option from the popup box called Google Talk. Then all you need to do is enter your Google account information and you will now have all your Google friends in iChat.
Comment: Oh actually thats what I didn't want, I wanted to add only few and not all gmail friends. That was the purpose of the new account.
Comment: You can remove any of the people you have on the list. But to answer the question then, no you can't use me.com with Google Talk.


Can we use any other unique constraint as primary key in database like a phone number, or national Id

Question: I'm creating a database that has column of person's mobile phone number. Now i just want to know without making a separate column for id and making it a primary key, can i make this column a primary key for this table?
Comment: You probably could.  But I highly recommend having a synthetic, auto-incremented primary key.
Comment: What advantage will you get in defining a column as primary key that would not be used for search purposes?
Answer: As noted above, you technically could use a phone number as a primary key, but it is not a best practice, because:

You would not be able to insert another user who happens to have the same phone number (primary keys must be unique).
You will run into what is known as an "update anomaly", if you have other tables that reference your tables primary key, and you decide to change a user's mobile number, you will have to also update the mobile number in all of the dependent tables.How to maintain referential integrity
From a performance standpoint, indexes on numeric values are usually more efficient than indexes on varchars, and will improve the performance on your joins, and the index will take up less space.

More often than not, your best bet is to use an auto-incrementing surrogate key.
Answer: Technically, you can define any column as primary key. The question is if such definition is good or bad. If you are going to use a phone number (that should be stored as string) and the column will not only be a primary key but also unique, and you will make sure that no attempt will be made to insert two times the same number for different people, then it should be OK.


Illustrator CC: Mapping Art to 3D Object in Illustrator but the "Surfaces" aren't fully selected

Question: I'm lost here. 2 hours down the drain trying to figure this out.
This is what's happening:
I'm trying to map text to a flag shape for a client's logo. I've followed the steps outlined here for an idea of what to do. Pretty much every other post I've looked at says essentially the same thing as that tutorial.
My problem is that when I go to map my artwork to the flag shape (an extruded 1pt stroke), in the "Map Art" dialogue box, none of the surfaces encompass the entire shape. I get the edges, top, bottom, and the main middle part (the part I want the text to appear) is broken up into smaller groups.
For example, I'll have 7 surfaces. One will be the bottom line, another the top line, two edges, the back (or part of) and then the middle bit is a group of different sections - none of which is big enough to hold the text.
I have no idea why it's doing this. I would love any help!
Answer: The issue is due to the 3D extrusion.
Each separate section which requires extrusion variations is different. You can't map art over anything more than one extrusion section, as you've discovered. Illustrator's 3D is really, really, really lacking in many areas. This is one such area.
There are two possible workarounds I can think of:

Distort your text independently of the 3D object, don't map it to
the object.
Extrude the primary surface to create depth rather than extruding the depth to create the primary surface and add the text to the shape you are extruding before applying the 3D extrusion.

Assuming your "1pt stroke" is just a wavy line to make the flag and the goal is to have text "wave" in the same manner the flag is....
Draw the flat shape with Type on a Path set to "Skew":

The "Skew" setting for Type on a Path keeps type verticals vertical and only makes the horizontals of the type follow the path.
Outline the type and then you can use the 3D Extrude & Bevel to rotate the image and extrude the 1pt edge. The lighting isn't nearly as dynamic in the 3D effect because the main surface isn't being auto-created by the extrusion. THis is another limitation of Illustrator's 3D effect. However the shapes are there and that's the important aspect, lighting can be adjusted manually by adding additional gradients to the shape or adding other objects.

Using this method you can't map art because the flat surface is not being generated by the extrusion. Therefore the flat surface won't distort the text at all.
If your art is more complex than straight type, you can use Object >Envelope Distort` to alter the shape to try and match the waving flag before extruding things.


Can I say: "I'm very glad to be a part of X's team"?

Question: Let's suppose you've just been hired by Google, so you wanna say that you're very happy to be a part of the team, would you say: "I'm really happy to be a part of Google's team"? Is the apostrophe necessary here? Or is there a better way to say the thing?
Comment: Please, please, please: never say 'wanna'. It takes one extra character and a space to write 'want to'; it's hardly arduous. This website is all about learning good English, and it helps to know the correct way of saying things (want plus infinitive) before descending into informalities which obfuscate the normal construction of sentences.
Comment: Fred2, I understand your point of view but you seem to be making a very big deal out of something really small. Although "wanna" is not considered correct in formal writing; it's used in formal speaking. Just check some speeches that former President Barack Obama made. He used it a lot. It can be considered a mistake if I'm taking a written exam, but it's not the case here. Anyway, thanks for the tip.
Answer: Yes, that is fine; I don't think there's a better way to say it. Yes, the apostrophe is necessary. That's the way you show the possessive case. The team belongs to Google, so it's Google's team.
You can leave out the article if you wish:

I'm really happy to be part of Google's team.

Either one is fine.
Answer: A better way is to avoid understandable implied words,  like the word understandable in my sentence
Anyway,  why say team? Its implied,  just say
I'm really happy to be a part of Google.


SD Card installed and still saying insuffisient storage

Question: trying to update apps and it tells me i have insufficient storage. We bought a 64 SD Card and tried again and it's still saying no storage.  Does this SD card not work for apps??
Comment: The answer to this question varies a lot based on your Android version and device, in some cases you must manually move apps and data there, in others you must adopt the card as internal storage. Please update your question to include your make, model, and Android version.
Comment: Have you gone into **Settings** then **Apps** and then clicked on the Apps you want on the SD card and moved them to the SD card? Some Apps can't be moved.
Answer: If you really want to place apps on sd card you should use apps2sd or link2sd app. Moving apps to sd car from app manager in settings doesn't actually move apps it moves just some files of them.
If your phone is running android marhsmallow (6.0) than you can 'adopt' an sd card so you can really move apps to sd card but beware if you have some slower sd card you will most likely have performance issues for obvious reasons.
Also did you tried clearing per app cache, that can free-up some memory.
Answer: Download a Trashhandler like Clean Master lite and let it run, then you should save a lot of Storage space also you can move Files like photos and Downloads to your SD card


What Terminator movie or series has Arnie locked out of a blast room while two teenagers survive?

Question: I saw a Terminator film or episode where on one day the machines turned on people. At the end two teenagers were locked in a blast room and Arnie did not make it.
Comment: Not to be unwelcoming but there are 4 Terminator movies with Arnold Schwarzenegger. I'm surprised you wouldn't find that information in good faith.
Answer: That sounds like the end of Terminator 3 (2003) except they're not teenagers they're in their 20s-30s.
Comment: @JudyDale please accept this answer as correct.
Comment: Thank you  i could not remember if they were kids or not and the  trailer of number 3 did not jog any memories.  Thanks for answer. I am 51 years old, so not a spring chicken on this stuff. Xxx
Comment: It could just as easily be Terminator Genisys as that has Sarah and Kyle are locked in a bunker
Answer: That would be Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines. It was meant as a direct sequel to T2: Judgment Day. Those weren't teenagers, but 20-somethings; a young John Connor who had been essentially hiding from his destiny as the moral/practical leader of the Resistance we would see later in Terminator: Salvation, and his wife. The Arnold Terminator was a T-800 that was battling the more advance TX, the first seen female Terminator played by Kristina Loken.


Using SharePoint Site Template Powershell - Home Page Layout/Web Parts not working - SharePoint Online - Modern Pages

Question: I am using PowerShell Get-SPOSiteScriptFromWeb and Add-SPOSiteScript etc.  I am able to copy links, create lists, etc.  But my HomePage webparts/layout is not reflected when I apply the site script and design.  I've been looking for solutions for days and I'm getting so tired >_<;
I saw that PNP should be able to do this but my global admin has not given permissions to the new PNP Shell yet in azure.
My desired Layout:
New Site Layout/Template - looks just like the default layout after applying the new site design script.  What am I missing? or doing wrong?
Please help. thank you.
Code Sample:
<code>#Define Parameters
$AdminCenterURL = "https://wafd-admin.sharepoint.com"
$SiteURL = "https://wafd.sharepoint.com/sites/TemplateTest"
$relativeListUrls = ("/Lists/Issues Log", "Lists/Artifacts Checklist")

#Connect to SharePoint Online
Connect-SPOService -Url $AdminCenterURL -credential (Get-Credential)

#Get the site schema & add site schema as site script
 $extracted = Get-SPOSiteScriptFromWeb `
    -WebUrl $SiteURL `
    -IncludeBranding `
    -IncludeTheme `
    -IncludeRegionalSettings `
    -IncludeSiteExternalSharingCapability `
    -IncludeLinksToExportedItems `
    -IncludedLists ($relativeListUrls)

 $SiteScript = Add-SPOSiteScript `
    -Title "Mark template site v4" `
    -Description " Attempt 5 ." `
    -Content $extracted

#Create the site design
$SiteDesign = Add-SPOSiteDesign -Title "Mark Template Site V5" -WebTemplate 64 -SiteScripts $SiteScript.id

write-host(" Mission Complete Yahoo ?");
</code>
Comment: Hi @Mark Apolinar, I am currently doing some research on this issue, will let you know as soon as possible.
Comment: Thank you and appreciate it.
Answer: It sounds as though what you need to use is a PnP provisioning template, which allows you to define the content and structure of pages as well.
Introducing the PnP provisioning engine


Does it become harder to lose weight as you age?

Question: In general, the average person will experience worsening metabolism with age. What makes it harder to lose weight for someone who is 40 versus say 20 assuming that the only difference is their age?
Answer: In general, it is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the organism which in a person who doesn't exercise more than average, consumes most of the calories of the daily intake. It is dependent of age, sex, population and fat-free mass, i.e. the mass of muscles in your body, which consume a lot of energy just for maintenance. Studies show that it can vary individually between 1000 and 2500 kcal/day within just one population. Many factors and energy consumers contribute to the basal metabolic rate, but approximately 70% of it is used for maintenance of the body's main organs, and the rest is used for physical activity (in an average human) and for thermogenesis and digesting your food.
It is not known why exactly the BMR decreases with age. While it can be partly attributed to lifestyle changes after early adulthood with decrease in exercise and physical activity, studies show that it is not the only contributing factor. Part of it may be attributed to "an alteration in tissue energy". But when you compare age 40 with age 20, another part is that human adolescence and body growth are active until approximately age 17.5 in women and age 19 in men, which also heavily contributes to BMR.
So, the decrease in BMR with age is multifactorial, and thus may also be influenced in many ways, the most popular one being the increase of physical activity and thus fat-free mass, which is a big contributor to it as we learned here and here.
Comment: The MBR decreases so technically it is easier to gain weight, rather than harder to lose weight. Most adults do not reduce their caloric intake as they get older.
Comment: well, as somebody pretty clever said - all's relative :)


Where does SDR IQ data come from?

Question: I have never really done much RF design before, and am looking into getting an SDR and messing around with it. I have been doing some research into how they work, and havr found that IQ modulation and demodulation is very important. One thing that I do not quite understand is where the IQ data comes from. How does the digital logic in the SDR capture both the real and imaginary components of the signals being fed into it?
Comment: Sounds interesting to put my input in but oh, you've got an answer.
Answer: The "imaginary" part needs to be captured on the analog side, with a separate mixer that uses a LO source that is exactly 90 degrees offset from the "real" LO.
In the physical world, only real-valued signals can be transmitted, so on your antenna input you have a real-valued time-continuous signal.
If you mix (i.e. multiply) this with your LO signal, the output of that will have zero at any place where either the input or the output signal has a zero-crossing. This means that if you feed a CW signal at the same frequency as your LO, the phase shift between these signals determines what you get on the output.
If you have octave:
x = [ -2*pi : 0.01*pi : 2*pi ];
unshifted = cos(x);
shifted = sin(x);

This defines two signals, unshifted and shifted that are in phase and 90 degrees out of phase with a cosine LO.
Compare:
plot(x, cos(x) .* unshifted);

with
plot(x, cos(x) .* shifted);

The integral of the second function is zero, so a FFT over this data would show no energy in the DC bin -- clearly wrong, since we are transmitting energy at precisely that frequency.
However, if we mix with both the original and a phase-shifted LO, then the RF energy is always visible regardless of phase shift:
plot(x, cos(x) .* unshifted, x, sin(x) .* unshifted);

vs
plot(x, cos(x) .* shifted, x, sin(x) .* shifted);

At the same time, how much of the RF energy went into the "real" and "imaginary" parts after mixing can tell you the phase angle between the two signals, so you can encode information inside the phase angle as well.
Answer: Short answer: The transmitter encoder/modulator
e.g. QAM

IQ modulation is used everywhere including SDR.
Understand some roots in phone data modems since above 1200 baud  then up to 56kbps/64kbps then cable and DSK modems , Analog and digital phones , Analog TV since colour was broadcast and now digital TV and fast forward later to SDR's.

IQ modulation in phase and amplitude is simply a way of compressing signal bandwidth into a smaller spectrum at the expense of minimum SNR needed.

Since bandwidth is limited and expensive IQ modulation offered the original HDTV in the same bandwidth as Analog, 64K phone modems in the same bandwidth as 300 baud modems, colour TV and hundreds of other radio modulation schemes that use IQ modulation.
The purpose of IQ modulation is significant and pervasive to all communication channels where bandwidth compression is not only desirable, but essential. Although I eluded to the fact it is used in ANalog and Digital communication, I'll touch on the digital radio side for you.
The main figure of merit and purpose of IQ modulated data is bandwidth compression at a tradeoff for excess SNR.
It has a long history that includes telephone modems that use 1200 and 2400 Hz in a 4KHz bandwidth. The computer uses a UART's to send serial asynchronous data such as; 7 or 8 bits data + 1 start + 1 stop and 1 parity bit (opt.), to the Modem. THe Modulator then strips out the start/stop bits & encodes it into synchronous waveform in IQ modulation. The demodulator does the reverse. This is how one can get 64kbps in a 4KHz BW. For EMI concerns the FCC limited 64K modems to 56kbps.
I and Q of course represent In-phase 0deg and Quadrature 90deg signals.

Let's look at the QAM-16 IQ channel. The Modulator for QAM-16 creates 16 states of amplitude and phase in each symbol period which is a 4x4 matrix of 16 states. Each state is used according to 16 different 4-bit sequential bit patterns.
See below. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation_diagram

The eye diagram shows the 4 sequential binary patterns assigned for each dot where X-Y patterns represent I-Q phase and amplitudes.
There are hundreds of modulation methods which use IQ modulation but they each follow the same basic method of I&Q channels but with many levels not just 2 (binary).
http://www.scribd.com/doc/43027465/Modulation-Coding-Scheme-MCS-Table
Above are some basic ones defined the Modulation & Coding Schemes up to 64 levels.
There are many more at 256 levels and above, and each method has a tradeoff for quality, spectral efficiency, cost in terms of higher Signal to Noise ratio required.
This is defined by the Shannon–Hartley theorem which defines the solution for the minimum channel bandwidth vs SNR vs Bit Error Rate (BER), which are significant communication tradeoffs.
Comment: Thanks so much! I think I understand better now. A quick follow-up: I know that functions like the FFT can be used to find relations between amplitude and frequency, but how does a computer calculate the phase change?
Comment: A radio will use linear phase detectors with a Phase Locked Loop to frequency. SDR Soft/Firmware computes spectrum amplitude and phase using FFT's.
Comment: @theo the imaginary component of the Fourier transform contains the phase information
Answer: Start with a 4*LO_carrier oscillator. Use a Johnson Counter/ShiftRegister to generate 4 separate signals, to achieve 0/90/180/270. By using 4*LO, you are guaranteed exactly 90 degrees, crucial to carrier suppression and sideband suppression. For a low phasenoise result ---- important for best exclusion of closein noise in receivers, and for generation of minimal closein noise in modulators/transmitters ---- you need to understand all aspects of the Law of Jitter: Tj = Vnoise/SlewRate.
I worked with a team on GSM phones, designing all the non-DSP silicon. The modulators used 10-bit DAC codes from external DSP lookup table, to precisely craft the waveshapes of both I_path and Q_path symbols; these symbol shapes entered an analog multiplier, modulating a 150MHz carrier; having 2 carriers, one for I and one for Q, each being a +current and -current signal, we then summed those 4 current signals across 2 resistors [probably POLY, for low distortion and isolation from substrate]. At that point (2 output signals), we examined the spectrum and the data-eye.
Initially the carrier suppression and undesired sideband suppress were only 20dB down. Turns out the Quadrature LOs (the 0/90/180/270) were far out of Quadrature, because a DutyCycleAdjustor was rather flawed. We cleaned up that, once we executed a full system design on those 11 transistors and redesigned that signal chain. Knowing the frailties of DCAs, I suggest you work with 4*X LO systems.
In summary, there are lookup tables and DACs and multiplying DACs and precision summing of differential currents, plus low-phasenoise quadrature LO generators. Expect to work with differential signals, to achieve useful rejection of substrate noise. Plan on providing quiet/private power to the DAC/modulator circuits.
I&Q data has been used for decades in communications, especially where you want the symbols to truly appear as random-noise.
And I'd expect Low Probability of Interceptions radar pulses, long pulses that get compressed back at the receiver to boost timing/distance resolution, to use I&Q modulation. Never designed those.
Comment: Yes IQ phase errors at 150MHz are more critical  than a polyphase SMPS at 1MHz. Even in the old days of 10Mbps HDD data error rates 1ns phase error was a big number and on high SNR data meant the difference between 1 error in 1e12 bits and 1e13 bits

Where does SDR IQ data come from?


I can not find one question I have already asked

Question: I had already asked a question as follows:
"Is there a one dimensional foliation of a two dimensional manifold whose foliation groupoid is diffeomorphic to a 3 sphere with two north pole. The latter is constructed as follows: We take a disjoint union of two 3_ spheres S,S' and identify  each point $x$ different from the North pole of S to the same point at S'. So we get a 3 sphere with two North poles. It is a non Hausdorff 3 manifold which is constructed in the similar way as construction of a line with 2 origin"
Could you please help me to find my question. It has at least 2 tags foliation and groupoids.
I searched my questions but I did not find that question.
Thank you
Comment: Of course, one should keep in mind that if the question still fulfills [the criteria for roomba](https://mathoverflow.net/help/roomba), it will be deleted the next time the script runs. (AFAICT this basically meant that t will be deleted again if it doesn't get an upvote or at least two comments.)
Comment: Does this answer your question? [Can I somewhere see my own deleted questions?](https://meta.mathoverflow.net/questions/3254/can-i-somewhere-see-my-own-deleted-questions)
Comment: I undeleted the question (the one found by Martin Sleziak). It was autodeleted, but it had no negative feedback.
Comment: @StefanKohl Dear Stefan Thank you very much for undeletting my question
Comment: Stack Exchange recently (2022) changed how this works - and now there is a way to get a list of all your deleted questions/deleted answers. For more details see here: [Can I somewhere see my own deleted questions?](https://meta.mathoverflow.net/q/3254) (And I guess, since now there is this new functionality, maybe this question could be closed as a duplicate.)
Answer: I suppose that the question you're looking is this one: One dimensional foliation of surfaces with prescribed graph of foliation.
The question is deleted. You should be able to see it from the above link - since it is your own question. (The users like me - who are below 10k reputation points - cannot see the deleted question. But luckily enough, there is a snapshot in the Wayback Machine.)
The way you could have found the question is to look at the list of the deleted questions tagged (groupoids) and (foliations). In this list you do not see the titles, only links. But since there are only 4 question, it is not too much trouble to go through them one by one. (In the list you can also see that this particular question was created in September 2014 and deleted in September 2015 and it had score 0 at the time of the deletion.) And, of course, you can also check whether some of the other questions in this list is yours. I will add that on Mathematics there are no deleted questions with those two tags. Checking all deleted questions tagged foliations or all deleted questions tagged groupoids would be more work - in both cases there are about 50 questions - but it is still doable.
Some additional remarks:

Naturally, you can search for your questions or all questions tagged with these two tags. But that search won't show you the deleted questions.
10k+ users can add the search modifier deleted:1 to any search and in that way they can search among their own deleted posts. But this doesn't work for users below 10k. See also: Can I somewhere see my own deleted questions?
Maybe it is reasonable to save regularly all your posts and or at least links to all your posts. If you create such archive locally on your computer, you can search there or check which posts have been deleted since the last update of this "local archive". See also: How to make sure your questions never disappear in a blackhole?
Or if you do not want the hassle of saving all of your content, you can at least check from time to time whether some of your posts are in danger of being deleted by roomba. For example, by checking your questions which have score 0 and no answers, i.e. searching for user:me answers:0 score:..0. You can also use various SEDE queries to get list of your own questions which are getting close to the criteria of auto-deletion: score<=0 and no answers, score<=0, no answers and at most one comment, score<=0, no answers, at most one comment and not locked. (Of course, if somebody is interested in such thing, it is possible to make similar queries for the whole site rather than listing only posts of one particular user. Or one could restrict the list to a specific tag.)
Comment: Dear Martin Thank you very much for your very helpful answer
Comment: This answer is now basically outdated since now there is much easier way to see *your own* deleted posts. For details see: [Can I somewhere see my own deleted questions?](https://meta.mathoverflow.net/q/3254)
(I did not want to bump this question by a new edit - so I have mentioned this only in a comment instead.)