Baked Texture Not UV Mapping When Exported to Unity

Question: I have my object in blender that I UV mapped and baked. When I Apply the baked texture to that object in Unity it is not properly mapped.

.BlendFile
Answer: You have two UV-Maps on the object. The exporter might have either just exported the wrong one or exported both and you need to pick the correct one in Unity. Either way UVMap is the one you want, judging by the node setup, not Joined01.
Answer: The first UV map in the order will be the default. Since you baked down your materials to the joined01 map this is the one that should be default. The exported mesh should have joined01 as the first uv map and you should also add a light map uv (for baked light) as the second.
(As a side note: The exported mesh should only have relevant material slots so you should also clean up the other materials from this mesh. Otherwise that could potentially add render time to the final asset)
This question is more related to the game engine of choice and may be out of scope for this forum.


How to get the pre-ordered weapons

Question: I got Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare but I didn't got the Day Zero edition that was giving some weapons for those who would pre-order the game. What I'm wondering is if I can get those weapons now that I have the game already without it being pre-ordered.
Comment: They are pretty much just gold versions of existing weapons, no benefits to stats or anything special like that. So I wouldn't worry about it to be honest
Comment: The AK12 has a nice iron sights, but the AK12G has a really sweet iron sights. I mostly want it for that..
Comment: The AK-12 G is tainted with the CoD Ghosts logo...
Answer:
No, that is currently impossible to get the per-ordered weapons like that.

But, keep in mind these weapons are still in the game and fully obtainable ,
but you cannot get the special variants that are only for the per-ordered version.
(examples: The AK-12G Assault Rifle and the Crossbow-B2)

The AK-12G Assault Rifle and the Crossbow-B2 will be included for all those who pre-ordered COD:AW. The base weapons are already in the game, but these are special Variants of the original weapons.

Source
Answer: Let me expand on Chantolas answer. For starters what platform are you playing on? If you are playing on a xbox than you should be able to access the ae4 assult rifle and its widow maker variant. Otherwise, by now you should have access to the bal27 atlas edition and a couple other guns but they are all cosmetic (they are just different looks to the gun)

How to get the pre-ordered weapons


Sharepoint 2013 Need hashtags to work throughout site

Question: We are in the process of deploying a Sharepoint 2013 4 server farm at our company.  We've had pretty good success getting it done, but are hitting a wall here with the hashtag system.
Currently, hashtags work on certain pages (mysites, newsfeed, main pages) but not everywhere.  They're not necessarily picked up on subsites.  Like if I join a discussion on a subsite, and #hashtag, it doesn't recognize it as a hashtag and also doesn't find it on the crawl.  We want hashtags to work on the site and everything in/under it.  What am I missing here?
Thanks, Everyone!
Answer: Have you turned on "Community Site Feature" for the sites you're referring to?
Site Settings > Site Features > Community Site Feature
Hope this helps
Comment: Yes, it is, but thanks for the suggestion.


Execute code at specific time: Handler? AlarmManager?

Question: I need to execute code at intervals, sometimes 10 seconds, sometimes 5 minutes. The code should be executed at exact 10 seconds from start, then at exact 5 minutes and 10 seconds from start, etc.
A Chronometer is ticking along from the start, so the execution time must be accurate.
Using Handler.postDelayed does not work, because the code to execute could take some time. The next execution of the code could be late when that happens.
When I wanted to implement AlarmManager, I saw the note

The Alarm Manager is intended for cases where you want to have your
  application code run at a specific time, even if your application is
  not currently running. For normal timing operations (ticks, timeouts,
  etc) it is easier and much more efficient to use Handler.

So I'm a bit confused, how should I do this to guarantee correct execution?
Answer: Have a look at this post : Time/Date change listener. you can use setRepeating() method, or alternatively set the timer again after each execution.
Answer: As android is not a hard-realtime OS, exact timing of execution is not possible without substantial kernel modifications.  Even there, you are unlikely on a typical android device to have much in the way of exactly timed means of useful I/O, so just running your code at the perfect time may not be enough.
At best you can determine using the more reliable of the timers the latest point at which your code could have run, and take after-the-fact compensation measures.
In terms of the available timing methods, a major consideration should be if you intend the device to wakeup from sleep to accomplish events, in which case you should use the Alarm Manager, if you intend to keep the device awake, in which case you should use a Wake Lock, or if you are okay with your events happening only when the device is awake and your service or activity is running, in which case you can use a simple Timer.
Answer: As Chris stated, there's no such thing as exact timing in Android.
But you could try it like this to come near realtime...
some Pseudocode for waiting 5s:
class mJob implements Runnable{
   public void run(){
      while(System.currentTimeMillis()<myExactTime){ //poll for your time
         Thread.sleep(1);
      }
      //Ok, we are as near as we'll ever get
      //call here your 'realtime' function or whatever you need
   }
}

 mHandler.postDelayed(mJob,4950); //the closer to 5000, the better for the cpu but you could miss your `myExactTime`

I don't now how exact this is, you'll just have to try it. But I see no other way to become more 'realtime' with the normal SDK. You could even remove the sleep(1) to become even closer to your myExactTime.
For the next call use something like this (scratch):
nextCallDelayInMillis = starttimeInMillis+No1_Delay+No2_Delay-System.currentTimeMillis();
Answer: You didn't specify if your code runs while application is running or as background service. It's important, because after you lock your device, Android goes to sleep mode, where CPU is off and functions like postDelayed wont be activated. Intents asking to start activities too.
But AlarmManager broadcasts will.
I'll quote from here

The AlarmManager is best used for tasks that need to
  run even when the application isn't open. For normal timing operations
  that need to run during application use (ticks, timeouts, etc), it is
  more efficient to use the postDelayed() and postAtTime() methods of a
  Handler. The AlarmManager requires too much overhead to justify it
  being used this way.
Answer: I suggest you to use postDelay, for any post to handler, handler is opening new thread and code is executing simultaneously.
private Runnable mUpdateTimeTask = new Runnable() {
public void run() {

//some code

mHandler.postDelayed(this, 1000);
}
};

Here is my complete code I used postDelay for displaying count down timer: https://github.com/minimaldevelop/antistress/blob/master/src/com/minimaldevelop/antistress/AntiStressExerciseActivity.java
Also here I using AlarmManger but only as remainder to display message at notification bar when application is closed.


Send commands to ESP8266 over WiFi

Question: I want to send commands to ESP8266 over WiFi from my phone(I'm working on building an App using PhoneGap). I'm new to this module and WiFi. What I'm doing right now is that I communicate with the module by sending GET (or POST) commands. I'm sure there should be a better way but I can't seem to find how. What is the correct way to talk to ESP8266 over WiFi?
Comment: Could you clarify whether you are using the ESP8266 in the Arduino environment -- that is, you are compiling code (a sketch) that runs directly on the ESP8266 and responses to the GET/POST commands?
Comment: Forgot to mention that. Yes, I'm using Arduino IDE.
Comment: You could use websockets, I think there is a library for the ESP8266 around somewhere (I cant remember what its called)
Comment: fwiw, i've had better luck with http than sockets and mqtt; fewer resets/freezes, lower ping times, and more bandwidth, provided you keep responses under 4kb...
Answer: Depending on what best suits your needs, you could use:

http GET/POST commands
Websockets over http
MQTT protocol
Your own TCP or UDP socket protocol
etc.

In all cases, what you code into the ESP8266 processor/flash will need to receive and process the commands. The possibilities are near endless, since you are writing the App and the code for the module and can make those design decisions.
Comment: Thank you for your answer. Currently I'm using http GET/POST commands and on the ESP side I analyse the received string. I don't know how to use the other methods, what is the most common/reliable option? I would appreciate it if you could give me some practical references.
Comment: All of those methods listed above use IP (either TCP or UDP), so they are relatively the same reliability. MQTT requires a broker daemon to be running, so you don't talk directly to the ESP device from your app - that's an additional point of failure. I would say there is not a clear winner, however.

Send commands to ESP8266 over WiFi


Is the sentence below grammatically correct? If not, I know no other way of constructing it

Question: "For a celebrated actor, I was surprised at how ordinary he was." The "celebrated actor" refers, of course, to "he" (not "I"). However it seems to me the grammatical construction is wrong. By substituting the preposition "for" with "as" to read "As a celebrated actor, I was surprised at how ordinary he was," is now grammatically correct but drastically changes the meaning. How can I say what I want to say in plain conversational English?
Comment: Why not just move the modifying phrase, thus: I was surprised at how ordinary he was, for a celebrated actor.
Comment: Er, what is it that you want to say?  What's wrong with "for"?
Comment: It's fine as is, though I might have written "Though he was a celebrated actor, I was surprised at how ordinary he was."  (To my ear inverting the order as others suggest really takes the "punch" out of it.)
Comment: I completely agree. To let the reader know he is a celebrated actor at the beginning brings anticipation to the sentence. Grammatically correct or not, it has to remain as it is.
Answer:
For a celebrated actor, I was surprised at how ordinary he was.

This is a perfectly acceptable use of for indicating a comparison, and it's pretty clear that he is the actor (although in theory it could refer to the I, in practice the choice of for over as would leave no doubt in the mind of the audience). If you wanted to make it doubly clear, you could change the order:

I was surprised at how ordinary he was for a celebrated actor.
Comment: Apart from *This is a perfectly acceptable use of* for *indicating a comparison*, I didn't understand this explanation at all.
Answer: In writing, I don't have a huge problem with your original formulation. I can't see a way to rearrange things that makes it clearer without making it more awkward.
For conversational English though, its way too long-winded. If I was just talking to my buds, it would be more like, "I was shocked. He's just a regular guy, not some hoity-toity1 celebrity."
1 - Sprinkle expletives to taste.
Comment: Thanks for reply. But you assume celebrities are hoity-toity. And why am I suddenly shocked instead of merely surprised?
Answer: The way the sentence is written "for a celebrated actor" modifies "I", which is not the intended meaning. This is called a dangling modifier.
The following sentences avoid this ambiguity:
I was surprised that for a celebrated actor, he was pretty/rather/quite ordinary.
I was surprised that he was such an ordinary guy, despite being a celebrated actor.


Creating an image of the entire system

Question: I have a couple of computers running Windows XP and they all have the same software installed on the same hardware. I would like to create one image, so that in case a user's computer dies I can just restore it with the image. That will save me time by not installing Windows all over again and all the software.
Also, every user has their own favorites, desktop etc. I would like to back that up too, so that after an image restoration I can restore their favorites, desktop etc.
Answer: First you want is to create an image of your entire harddrive.  Here are some very popular software choices to do this:

Acronis True Image
Paragon Backup & Recovery 2010 Free Advanced
Macrium Reflect Free
Clonezilla

Next you want to make copies of each user profile.  Windows XP has a utility for that.  Using this utility is described at this site:  http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/sysdm_userprofile_copy.mspx?mfr=true
Answer: You can use USMT to backup the profiles. This will work for domain and local users. You will need to read the documentation, but its pretty easy. This will keep all settings as well.
Then to create an image you can create one image and use sysprep to create a generalized image of the OS. This will take out anything that's not needed for the OS, but keep the software you installed on there. You can then always load this sysprep image up and it will take about 15-20 minutes to install the OS on the computer. This is slower than creating a binary copy, but it gives you the advantage of creating a general install to put on any computer.
You can create an exact copy which will be faster to restore, but you need to keep multiple versions for each users. There's plenty of programs out there like acronis and norton ghost. I personally use acronis and it works great!
When you decide what you want to do or what you need, then you can always ask on how to use that utility if you are unsure. USMT is a command line utility, but it really is simple to use.

Creating an image of the entire system


Octant issue with Sphere, and Elliptic Paraboloid

Question: This is the graphical setup for my problem Math3d. I given a sphere in cylindrical coordinates as the following \begin{equation}r^2+z^2=20 \end{equation} Which is the equation of a sphere of radius $\rho=2\sqrt{5}$. The problem has to be solved in the following manner (which is cylindrical systems): \begin{equation}\iiint_G f(r,\theta,z)dzdrd\theta \end{equation}  The equation for the elliptical paraboloid is the following in cylindrical coordinates system. \begin{equation}z=r^2\end{equation} The problem that needs to be solved at hand is to find the volume inside the surface: \begin{equation} r^2+z^2=20 \end{equation} The volume is constrained to no being above the following surface as well: \begin{equation}z=r^2\end{equation}The question I have involves in how I set up my integral which was the following: \begin{equation} \int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^2 \int_0^{r^2} r^3dz dr d\theta \end{equation} I had hoped whether it was correct, however, there were doubts, but alas I shall post my own answer.
Comment: What's the first equation in each pair for?
Comment: @amd You do know that Cartesian is $(x,y,z)$, and Cylindrical is $(r,\theta,z)$?
Comment: And where in your question did you say that you're giving the equations in in both cylindrical and rectangular coordinates, or what convention you're using for the names of the former? $(\rho,\theta,z)$ is at least as common for cylindrical coordinates as $(r,\theta,z)$. Don't take for granted that others know what's in your head: [define your terms](https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/a/9960/265466).
Comment: @amd You're being really silly here "please note I have to solve the problem particularly in the cylindrical coordinate system", secondly you know $x^2+y^2=r^2$ The Substitution is clear here.
Answer: The following integral setup solves for that particular problem is the following:\begin{equation} \int_0^{2\pi}\int_2^{2\sqrt{5}}\int_{-\sqrt{20-r^2}}^{\sqrt{20-r^2}}rdzdrd\theta+\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^2\int_{-\sqrt{20-r^2}}^{r^2}rdzdrd\theta\end{equation} The result is the following which is \begin{equation}\iiint_Gf(r,\theta,z)dzdrd\theta=\frac{80\sqrt5+152}{3}\pi\end{equation}


PHP to Java (using PtoJ)

Question: I would like to transition our codebase from poorly written PHP code to poorly written Java, since I believe Java code is easier to tidy up. What are the pros and cons, and for those who have done it yourselves, would you recommend PtoJ for a project of about 300k ugly lines of code? Tips and tricks are most welcome; thanks!
Comment: Honestly, an converting an ugly codebase is bound to make it uglier, whether Java is cleaner or not (which, by the way, is not **;)**).
Comment: You're right, I'm just hoping that we in time will get the Java code in better shape than the PHP ditto is right now. Do you think it's a lost cause?
Answer: Poorly written PHP is likely to be very hard to convert because a lot of the bad stuff in PHP just doesn't exist in Java (the same is true vice versa though, so don't take that as me saying Java is better - I'm going to keep well clear of that flame-war).
If you're talking about a legacy PHP app, then its highly likely that your code contains a lot of procedural code and inline HTML, neither of which are going to convert well to Java.
If you're really unlucky, you'll have things like eval() statements, dynamic variable names (using $$ syntax), looped include() statements, reliance on the 'register_globals' flag, and worse. That kind of stuff will completely thwart any conversion attempt.
Your other major problem is that debugging the result after the conversion is going to be hell, even if you have beautiful code to start with. If you want to avoid regressions, you will basically need to go through the entire code base on both sides with a fine comb.
The only time you're going to get a satisfactory result from an automated conversion of this type is if you start with a reasonably tide code base, written at least mainly in up-to-date OOP code.
In my opinion, you'd be better off doing the refacting excersise before the conversion. But of course, given your question, that would rather defeat the point. Therefore my recommendation is to stick it in PHP. PHP code can be very good, and even bad PHP can be polished up with a bit of refactoring.
[EDIT]
In answer to @Jonas's question in the comments, 'what is the best way to refactor horrible PHP code?'
It really depends on the nature of the code. A large monolithic block of code (which describes a lot of the bad PHP I've seen) can be very hard  (if not imposible) to implementunit tests for. You may find that functional tests are the only kind of tests you can write on the old code base. These would use Selenium or similar tools to run the code through the browser as if it were a user. If you can get a set of reliable functional tests written, it is good for helping you remain confident that you aren't introducing regressions.
The good news is that it can be very easy - and satisfying - to rip apart bad code and rebuild it.
The way I've approached it in the past is to take a two-stage approach.
Stage one rewrites the monolithic code into decent quality procedural code. This is relatively easy, and the new code can be dropped into place as you go. This is where the bulk of the work happens, but you'll still end up with procedural code. Just better procedural code.
Stage two: once you've got a critical mass of reasonable quality procedural code, you can then refactor it again into an OOP model. This has to wait until later, because it is typically quite hard to convert old bad quality PHP straight into a set of objects. It also has to be done in fairly large chunks because you'll be moving large amounts of code into objects all at once. But if you did a good job in stage one, then stage two should be fairly straightforward.
When you've got it into objects, then you can start seriously thinking about unit tests.
Comment: What is the best way to refactor horrible PHP code? Make it testable and implement a lot of unit tests then start tearing it apart?
Comment: @Jonas -- my reply to your comment is too big to put in the comments here, so I've edited my answer; see above.
Answer: I would say that automatic conversion from PHP to Java have the following:
pros:

quick and dirty, possibly making happy some project manager concerned with short-time delivery (assuming that you're lucky and the automatically generated code works without too much debugging, which I doubt)

cons:

ugly code: I doubt that automatic conversion from ugly PHP will generate anything but ugly Java
unmaintainable code: the automatically generate code is likely to be unmaintainable, or, at least, very difficult to maintain
bad approach: I assume you have a PHP Web application; in this case, I think that the automatic translation is unlikely to use Java best practices for Web application, or available frameworks

In summary
I would avoid automatic translation from PHP to Java, and I woudl at least consider rewriting the application from the ground up using Java. Especially if you have a Web application, choose a good Java framework for webapps, do a careful design, and proceed with an incremental implementation (one feature of your original PHP webapp at a time). With this approach, you'll end up with cleaner code that is easier to maintain and evolve ... and you may find out that the required time is not that bigger that what you'd need to clean/debug automatically generated code :)
Answer: P2J appears to be offline now, but I've written a proof-of-concept that converts a subset of PHP into Java. It uses the transpiler library for SWI-Prolog:
:- use_module(library(transpiler)).
:- set_prolog_flag(double_quotes,chars).
:- initialization(main).

main :-
    Input = "function add($a,$b){ print $a.$b; return $a.$b;} function squared($a){ return $a*$a; } function add_exclamation_point($parameter){return $parameter.\"!\";}",
    translate(Input,'php','java',X),
    atom_chars(Y,X),
    writeln(Y).

This is the program's output:
public static String add(String a,String b){
        System.out.println(a+b);
        return a+b;
}
public static int squared(int a){
        return a*a;
}
public static String add_exclamation_point(String parameter){
        return parameter+"!";
}

Answer: http://www.numiton.com/products/ntile-ptoj/translation-samples/web-and-db-access/mysql.html
Would you rather not use Hibernate ?
Comment: I probably would (haven't used it). In fact, I'd rather use almost anything else than what we've got now. :)
Answer: In contrast to other answers here, I would agree with your strategy to convert "PHP code to poorly written Java, since I believe Java code is easier to tidy up", but you need to make sure the tool that you are using doesn't introduce more bugs than you can handle.
An optimum stategy would be:
1) Do automated conversion
2) Get an MVP running with some basic tests
3) Start using the amazing Eclipse/IntelliJ refractoring tool to make the code more readable.
A modern Java IDE can refactor code with zero bugs when done properly. It can also tell you which functions are never called and a lot of other inspections.
I don't know how "PtoJ" was, since their website has vanished, but you ideally want something that doesn't just translate the syntax, but the logic. I used php2java.com recently and it worked very well. I've also used various "syntax" converters (not just for PHP to Java, but also ObjC -> Swift, Java -> Swift), and even they work just fine if you put in the time to make things work after.
Also, found this interesting blog entry about what might have happened to numiton PtoJ (http://www.runtimeconverter.com/single-post/2017/11/14/What-happened-to-numition).

PHP to Java (using PtoJ)


Does your educational qualification need to be related to the job offer you get for EU Blue Card?

Question: If I have a job offer in Financial Analytics from Germany eligible for Blue Card, but my recognized degree is Mechanical Engineering, would that cause any problem as an unrelated educational qualification? (my highest degree is PGDM from India which is unrecognized and I have 6 years experience in Financial Analytics)
Comment: From http://www.bamf.de/EN/Infothek/FragenAntworten/BlaueKarteEU/blaue-karte-eu-node.html, the employment must be commensurate with the qualification.
Comment: does anyone has ever seen a similar case in Blue Card application? Want to understand what could be done better.
Answer: As mentioned by Traveller in comments and in the Blue Card FAQs they shared, it's a requirement to have your employment related to your education.
However, in practice they're lenient towards it. I had almost the same issue and was highlighted by the person who took my interview at the embassy for the National visa that I may not get the Blue card. But when I went for the blue card appointment, they gave me a Blue card. My employment was in Sofware engineering, and there was computer science in one of my graduation courses as minor. I have MBA in finance though.
At the worst, you'll get normal residence permit (Aufenthaltserlaubnis), instead of Blue Card which as far as I know differs mostly if you're married and want to bring your partner with you. But don't take my word and read here and here about all the differences.
Answer: Yes, the job you are applying for must correspond to the degree you have (i.e. they must match)
Otherwise you must apply for a normal work visa and based on your qualifications (practical experience), then a determination will be maded if this conforms to a highly qualified employment that is needed.

Based on the wording of § 19a AufenthG (English text)

1) A foreigner shall be granted an EU Blue Card pursuant to Council Directive 2009/50/EC of 25 May 2009 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purpose of highly qualified employment (OJ L 155,18.6.2009, p. 17) for the purpose of employment commensurate with his qualification, if
  ...
  a)  holds a German or a foreign higher education qualification which is recognised or otherwise comparable to a German higher education qualification or

the degree must match the employment.


vim re-edit as root

Question: I often open a file in vim, make some changes and when it's time to save the file is read-only.. (owned by another user). I'm looking for tips on how I could re-open the file
as root and keep my changes without first saving it to a temporary file for copy or re-edit
as root.
Answer: From this stackoverflow answer, by skinp

:w !sudo tee %

I often forget to sudo before editing a file I don't have write permissions on. When I come to save that file and get a permission error, I just issue that vim command in order to save the file without the need to save it to a temp file and then copy it back again.
Comment: @dbr, I think it is worth mentioning that after you overwrite the file (with tee as sudo), you will get prompted with [O]k or [L]oad. The later option will erase your undo history an reset the "modified flag" allowing you to exit without being warned to save changes. The former option, which I prefer, will preserve your undo history, but will cause you to get warned when you try to quit. You have to use :q! to quit in this case. I do this so I can validate (e.g. :!sudo /etc/init.d/httpd configtest) and rollback/reedit if I need to.
Comment: That is almost it.. But it would be nice to have vim restarted and run as root.. This is my favorite so far :)
Comment: @rkthkr, if "vim restarted and run as root" you would be unable to save any edits you have made, and lose your undo history. But if that is what you want... [Ran out of characters.] See the "answer" I'm about to write.
Answer: Please do not vote me down for this. I do not recommend implementing this answer, but it is the answer that the rkthkr is asking for.

rkthkr said:
  But it would be nice to have vim restarted and run as root

The way to do this is with :!sudo vim %
As I mentioned to ipozgaj, a % as an argument (even a sub-argument) gets replaced with the path to the current buffer. (You may get prompted for your password.) You end up with a new vim process, owned by root, that is a child process of the original vim process. Sounds goofy, right? Here is what it looks like in ps:
~# ps afo pid,ppid,user,stat,comm
  PID  PPID USER         STAT COMMAND
16187 30478 rbronosky    Ss   bash
16510 16187 rbronosky    R+    \_ ps
30482 30478 rbronosky    Ss   bash
16244 30482 rbronosky    S+    \_ vim
16318 16244 root         S+        \_ vim

If you have write permissions to the directory that contains the file and you have made edits to it, you may get warned that a swap file exits. Choosing to [R]ecover, will reflect most* of the changes made by the parent vim process. (*I think maybe the swap update is timed or has a delta threshold. I've put too much time into this already and do not care to research it.) When you go and quit vim, don't be alarmed when you are still in vim... you opened a 2nd vim process. Remember?
Now, with all of that said... I would almost never do this. Maybe, if I have had not enough or way too much coffee, and I realized that I was going to need to edit several more files as root... I might try this. In 14 years of administering systems, I never have. But, until you expressed discontent with my preferred solution (which is exactly as dbr offered) I had never thought about this.
Comment: Thanks @Richard Bronosky, in my gvim is not possible to type the sudo password with `:w !sudo tee %` so I think this is a good answer.
Answer: I usually save it to a temporary file in $HOME/tmp/apache.conf (for example) then
sudo vimdiff $HOME/tmp/apache.conf /etc/apache2/apache.conf

this is some extra work to merge the changes but it paid off. I find it to be a nice way between convenience and measurements against unwanted changes
Before that I was thinking of ACLs or assigning corresponding groups to the files but it didn't work out all to often I either forgot to change the ownerships or was changing files where I didn't mean to do so.
That goes only for files which aren't managed until now. The overall solution we use is puppet with a git repo where people locally edit files and test the changes on appropriate servers, if the configuration works as desired the changes are pushed back to the central repository where our configuration engine pulls changes at regular intervalls.
Answer: What I normally do - not necessarily the quickest, but certainly safe - is to do something like this (using nsswitch.conf as example):
:w! ~/%

Exit from vim, then do:
sudo vim nsswitch.conf
1GdG
:r ~/%

This will delete all of the lines and read in your changed and updated version to be edited in its place.  Using your home directory means you don't have to think about whether you have access or not - and its more private than /tmp.  Note well that this is a whole file replacement: if you don't want to add all the changes, you'll have to pick and choose.
In spite of the headache involved in any of these answers, there's no reason to lose your changes.

vim re-edit as root


How much RAM memory do I need for an OSX device?

Question: I'm about to buy a new Mac Mini and I would like to know if it's enough with 8GB RAM or I would need 16GB.
Linked is my MBP 15 early 2013 16GB RAM usage in a current daily usage.
memory pressure screenshot.
Comment: Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been [moved to chat](https://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/88920/discussion-on-question-by-biotech-how-much-ram-memory-do-i-need-for-an-osx-devic).
Comment: Why sweat it?  You can add memory to the 2018 mini. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKyv0QP4XPQ   Memory usage has always gone up with each new version of an OS. Check warranty before installing it yourself.
Answer: I have the Mac Mini 2018, and I bought it with the 'default' 8GB of RAM. With several apps open, but just idling, it was at the 'top' of the Green memory pressure band, and loading it beyond that, either with 'work' or data, would start to bring it into the yellow band.
I regularly had about 2Gb of swap, and the same of compressed memory. Don't forget that the Intel Graphics unit takes 1.5 Gb straight away.
I've just installed 32 Gb of RAM (from Crucial, not Apple!), and the difference is palpable.


What does the keyword 'clicks' mean or constitute in web analytics

Question: I would like to understand what does the keyword 'clicks' mean or constitute in web analytics
Answer: A "click" generally refers to a user-driven event. Mostly, this means clicks on links by website visitors (a website visitor actively clicked on a link, leading to a new page).
Comment: yes and no, it's considered a click if the click is measurable. measureable is only something that you expressively count as a click. google analytics for example assumes a pagetrack with a referrer from the same tracked domain as if the user clicked on the link on the prior page (for it's overlay-view). with mixpanel or event-tracking technologies, you'd have to expressively call a javascript-code to send the click-event to the server ...
Comment: So a click that opens another page is considered a click or any action that involves a click on the page?


How do I describe plural things I saw?

Question: Which of these is correct?

All I saw was flashes of lightning
All I saw were flashes of lightning
Answer: The first sentence seems fine to me. Since you are talking about a scene or an object that you have seen (not flashes of lightning), using a singular verb sounds more natural.
In other words, "All" here means "The only thing".

The only thing I saw was flashes of lightning.
Answer: There have been numerous questions about verbs that follow collective nouns and there are dozens of websites that address this issue. (Just google: singular or plural with collective nouns.)
The rule is that there isn't a rule. To some extent it depends on the collective noun concerned and on the context. Apart from that, some people prefer plural verbs and others go for singular verbs.
The guide is: If you think of what you're describing as a single event or amount or episode or phenomenon, prefer the singular.
If you think of them as multiple events etc, prefer the plural.
Thus it's equally valid to say:

A million dollars is a lot of money

and

A million dollars were scattered by the wind.

Another example, closer to yours, is:

All I saw was people rushing in every direction

and

All I saw were people rushing in every direction.

The only rule is to be consistent:
Avoid sentences that mix up singulars and plurals such as: The army says they are advancing and *The train service are announcing its new schedule.

How do I describe plural things I saw?


What does a resistor do if not slow the current flow in a series circuit?

Question: If the current is same in the series circuit then what does a resistor do to really if not less the flow of electrons?
Answer: "the current is same in the series circuit". This means that the current (rate of flow of charge) is the same all round the circuit. If 1.2 A leaves the battery, 1.2 A will be returning to it and there will be 1.2 A at intermediate points, outside and inside the battery. If you put more resistance in the circuit you reduce the current all round the circuit. So perhaps 0.8 A will leave the battery now, in which case 0.8 A will be returning to it and there will be 0.8 A at intermediate points.
Comment: So what are you saying is that a resistor decrease the flow of electrons in the whole circuit how is it possible because the battery is giving the potential difference first in the wire and the resistor is in the middle of the wire how can a resistor slows the current flow in the beggining can you please elaborate
Comment: Fewer electrons per second are passing through the resistor per second (than would pass through the wire without the resistor), so fewer are being recycled to the battery per second and fewer are going through the battery and coming back out of the negative terminal per second. [ Electrons can't pile up anywhere in the circuit, because of mutual repulsion.]
Answer: I usually think of current as a flowing fluid and a pipe valve as a resistor. If you close the valve completely (have a pure resistor), then no flow (no current). If you completely open the valve as if it's not there, then infinite flow (infinite current). If you partially close/open the valve, there's a slight "resistance" on the flowing fluid, requiring more time for it to travel across. Although it takes more time to allow the fluid to flow through the valve, the incoming and outgoing amount of fluid is always the same --- it's just the rate of which it moves is slower.
Going through a resistor, an electron will experience thermal loss (heat) so the resistor will physically get hotter. Thinking about it in this sense, you would intuitively think "if it loses energy after entering a resistor, it'll come out with less energy and therefore less current"--- no. The electron is a lazy guy... they'll always take the path of least resistance (they don't work hard, they work smart).
Comment: I have a question so what is resistance doing then just giving more time to the flow of electrons to flow they loose their energy and after coming back to the conductor they regain their energy with the help of potential difference what is resistance really doing if it is giving time (lag) in the circuit the circuit will break because electrons will accumulate and the wire will burst
Comment: Resistors are designed for specific voltages (potential difference). So if the electron "pressure" (or voltage) is too high, then the resistor itself will physically burn up due to all the thermal energy. There is an amount of pressure for resistors to work and allow some flow of electrons through it. Electrons go into the resistor and then "shoot out" on the other side like water, but like water coming out of a dam, it'll come back to its normal flow rate when it exists and enters the river.


Can I do a clean installation of Windows 8 without burning any DVD?

Question: Now I have the ISO file but I don't want to burn it into DVD so I wonder if there is a way to install Windows 8 right from hard disk ? (do a clean installation from DOS not from any Windows system)
Answer: There are two main solutions to install Windows 8 without any optical media (typically using a 4Gb+ USB flash drive).
1. The "Upgrade Assistant" official (promoted) one
If you are already using a previous version of Windows, you can launch the Windows 8 Upgrade Assistant which, among other things, "provides the option to buy, download, and install Windows 8".  You can download the ISO file or create a bootable flash drive from this wizard.  If you need the ISO file or if you prefer to use this official solution, I recommend the excellent How To Clean Install Windows 8 Pro Upgrade step-by-step tutorial.
By the way, since I bought Windows 8 online, I didn't receive any DVD or even any link to download an ISO, so this first solution is the only one I came up with to download the file and proceed to the installation...
2. The "Windows 7 USB/DVD download tool" official-but-not-really-promoted one
This solution requires you to own the ISO file already (cf. solution #1).  Actually The Windows 7 USB/DVD download tool won't download anything, but it will help you to get your flash drive ready for the installation.

This free program from Microsoft properly formats your flash drive and then copies the contents of the Windows 8 installation ISO file you have to that flash drive.

Once again, there are some nice and clear step-by-step tutorials over the Web, like How To Install Windows 8 From a USB Device.
Also you might want to know about an interesting third alternative found on Superuser that will spare you a DVD and a flash drive:
3. Install from a partition
Start by creating a 8GB NTFS partition on your hard drive.  Then

Extract your ISO file to the 8Gb partition's root folder.
Use Disk Manager to mark that partiton as active.
Open cmd and type the following command, not include the double quote, asuming E is your 8GB partition

E:
cd boot
bootsect /nt60 E: /force /mbr
Now you can boot into your windows 8 installation. To boot it back to
  your windows you can use the repair tool inside the windows
  installation.
Answer: Bootable USB memory stick (plenty of detailed instructions online as to how to create it) is the only non-DVD local option. I don't believe it's possible to install it from an ISO just on a partition on the local hard drive.
It is possible to install from a Network Share but this of course involves a second machine and is more complicated.
Comment: The simplest way to create the bootable USB flash drive is to use Windows 7 (yes it works for Win8 ISO as well) USB/DVD Download Tool   http://www.microsoftstore.com/store/msstore/html/pbPage.Help_Win7_usbdvd_dwnTool


Which way should the indicator arrow be facing for this interaction?

Question:

I'm designing an interaction for email sign up for a client website, and I need to replace the red ? next to "Email Sign Up" with some kind of arrow to indicate that the site will slide down to reveal form fields. I would like to stick to using a triangle that rotates, but I am unsure of what direction makes the most sense for each state and why.
Comment: I would think that the link would take the user to another page. Giving the user information about what is going to happen when they click a link is important. without some form of indicator, it seems to me that the user would assume it's linking to a separate page and not expanding the page.
Comment: Please let your client know that the excessive yellow (the *painful* yellow) doesn't help. Truthfully, my eyes did not cope well when that image popped up, I would fear visiting a page were that engulfed my screen.
Comment: The yellow is kind of intense, but also something the client specifically wants. On normal pages it's less intense because there's content below the header, but it was removed here for anonymity. Do you have any thought on the arrow?
Comment: Why do you need to indicate something will happen? The user will *see* it happen once they select it.
Comment: We want to use a graphic to indicate that clicking email sign up will have a different response than taking you to another page like any of the other header navigation will.
Comment: @BryanRobinson but does it matter in this case? It's a task-centric link "Sign up for email list". Does it really matter if it's a modal vs. slide down vs. new page?
Answer: Why not style the Email Sign-up differently than other nav items to indicate there's a hidden bar that will accordion open on click.
Bonus: styling it different gives it more of a CTA feel that draws the user's attention to it.
And don't forget to autofocus the name field for accessibility and keyboard users :)
Email sign-up closed

Email sign-up open

Edit: Added 'bonus'
Answer: EDIT: Based on comment that this is the only utility-nav element that works this way...
It's a bit confusing to put an email sign-up form (like for a newsletter) above everything else. Seems like a way to trick people into signing up when they simply want to log in to the site - not a good way to win customer trust. More importantly, putting the form up there  doesn't leave any room to explain the benefits of signing up or give me any reason to give you my email address or zip code (therefore I probably won't, which likely isn't the result your client is hoping for). This also seems much better suited to linking to a separate page to explain why the newsletter is awesome & ask them to sign up once they're convinced by its awesomeness.
If the client insists on keeping the form on this page, perhaps instead place it directly below the text, with a downward-facing arrow. The arrow could be brown at first & then red when selected. No rotation necessary, and people won't be as confused by the break from convention.
.
If this doesn't fly either & the client insists on having the form up above, try recoloring the form to make it more obvious & animate an arrow/line from the text to the form as it appears. Rather than animate the form down as part of the page, animate it up from the "Email Sign-up" text so its origin is obvious.
Comment: I agree that the organization of the utility nav isn't great, but it was also specified by the client to be organized this way.

Email sign up, which does subscribe you to a newsletter, is the only item in the navigation with an unusual action tied to it; the others are just links to interior pages.

I agree about adding a very obvious active state, but this isn't exactly what I'm trying to accomplish with the arrow. The arrow needs to indicate that "email sign-up" will do something different than link you to another page.
Comment: In that case it's doubly confusing. It doesn't match the behavior of the links directly next to it, puts a form where people won't expect it (necessitating this need for a solution) and it's self-defeating because few people will sign up w/an email address w/o first having a clear idea why they should. Might try to find research on improving sign-up rates to show the client as justification for linking that to a separate page as well. Short of that, a bouncing cartoon arrow saying "Hey, look up here!"? :) ... Also maybe change the color scheme of the form to make it more obvious? Good luck!
Comment: @ryan_filler : Edited based on your comments
Answer: If the arrow is to the right of the "Email Signup" link, it should point towards the link to call attention to it:
Email Signup <--

Then, once clicked the arrow should point to the form, so as to indicate to the user where to look.
Email Signup ^

Apologies in advance for my crude, text-only examples.
Answer: I feel like it should point down initially and then flip up once clicked to indicate that it can be clicked again to hide the email bar.
Edit: I think of it as sliding the page down (down arrow) to reveal the bar, then back up (up arrow) to re-hide the bar.


What is the difference between 한국어 and 한국어를?

Question: I am a beginner in studying Korean grammar, and I noticed the word 한국어를 one day while practicing. 한국 - Korean, 를 - plural, but it doesn't make sense to me.
Example: 나는 한국어를 사랑. Why is the word 한국어 plural, and when should I use it as plural and by itself?
Comment: why do you think -를 means plural
Comment: the particle 를 don't means plural,but the indicator of verb's object.I think you confused 를/을 and 들
Answer: As the commenters said, 를 has nothing to do with plurality.  를 is a objective marker particle, meaning it marks the object of a verb, as in 나는 당신을 사랑합니다 = I love you.
You might be mixing up 들 with 를 (note the consonant ㄷ at the top).
들 is the suffix indicating plurality. For example, you can say 사람들 instead of 사람 to mean multiple people. However, 들's role in Korean is not exactly the same as the plural suffix "s" in English.  In Korean, indicating plurality is completely optional, which means you only use it when you think it is necessary.  Because of this nouns without 들, like 사람, 물건 or whatever, don't mean they are necessarily singular just because they lack 들.  The number is either unknown (i.e. could be singular or plural) or known by the surrounding context.
Lastly, you cannot use 들 with 한국어 if that is what you were thinking, because 한국어 means the Korean language which there is only one in the world.  한국어들 just doesn't make any sense.


Torque on motor shaft when shaft is rotated manually

Question: The motor shaft is connected to a flywheel which is rotated manually to achieve a certain speed. Now when motor is switched on, how will it impact the shaft? Will motor whole power goes into increasing the torque on shaft in initial cycles as it can't increase the speed of shaft abruptly due to flywheel.
Comment: "Will motor **whole power** goes into increasing the torque on shaft **in initial cycles**....?" I think you know well that only partial power will be needed to bring the speed of the flywheel to the motor speed, but the key question is will the motor speed be reached in the first cycle after engagement. The answer is it depends on the resistance of the flywheel against the motion, which in turn depends on the whole setup and friction between parts. So, I suggest rephrasing/refocus your question.
Comment: Please _edit your question_ with the type of motor you're talking about (AC induction, AC synchronous, DC brushed, DC brushless, with or without sensors, etc.)
Comment: When the motor is turned on, presumably it will apply torque to the shaft. Torque cannot abruptly increase speed.  It causes angular acceleration or deceleration which applied over time affects speed.
Answer: If by "abrupt" you just mean too fast for human senses to notice then that is an inappropriate measure by which to judge things here. I'm going to define abrupt as a step change in RPM or velocity. That means that there is no mathematically abrupt change in RPM anywhere since the change must be continuous, even if that means asymptoptic.
This isn't any different from just turning the flywheel directly, or even just turning the shaft without the flywheel. The shaft on its own has inertia and the flywheel obviously has inertia. So whenever you apply torque to accelerate something that thing is going to deform under torsion, even if it was just a shaft with no flywheel.
You can't apply torque to the shaft, deform it under torsion, and accelerate it without also doing the same three things to the flywheel. There is no "all the power goes into increasing torque on the shaft" without doing the same to the flywheel.


How can you perform echo cancellation on features of audio signals?

Question: I am working on a project that takes some features of audio signals and classify them with a neural network. However, the audio signals are added with their own echo with the environment. What would be some of the processing techniques that can be applied on the features, including chroma stft and Mfcc.
Comment: Is the environment always the same? If not, the echo will not be either
Comment: Hi, and welcome to DSP.SE! Are there any reasons why you want to perform echo cancellation in the transform domain, i.e., on the STFT and MFCCs? It could be easier to do it in the time domain, using one of the existing approaches that rely on adaptive filtering.
Answer: well, while applying a room impulse response to audio (which is what echoes are) is a linear operation on the time-domain signal, it's generally not on features.
So, you're looking to find a non-linear mapping of a somewhat high-dimensional feature vector space to a "cleaned up" feature vector space with some well-known metric on how well that mapping performs as cleanup....
That sounds exactly like the kind of job that neural networks are good at. And that's not a coincidence: When you look under the mathematical hood of all your ML algorithms, there's the Universal Approximation Theorem that says that a NN that's sufficiently large can represent any non-linear mapping.
So, really, that's a hard problem to do analytically, and it's thoroughly reasonable to assume that "echo removal on MFCC features" can most sensibly be done with a Neural network, most likely even the same that you directly train to classify your audio signals.


Change language for date cck field of a webform in drupal7?

Question: Can we change language for date cck field of a webform in drupal7?
If I create a component of date type in webform then drupal provides a dropdown having month,day and year values in English e.g. Jan 1 2013 , I want a drop down for this component having options in different language say spanish (witout using any translation module, I am translating webform manually) Is it possible?
Answer: go to /admin/config/regional/date-time/locale/es/edit and change the date format to month first for the long, short and medium dates


Galois action on prime ideals

Question: Suppose $A$ is a $k$-algebra, with $k$ a field, and let $\overline{A} := A \otimes_k \overline{k}$, where $\overline{k}$ is an algebraic closure of $k$. Let $\frak{p}$ be any prime ideal in $A$, and let $S(\frak{p})$ be the set of prime ideals in $\overline{A}$ over $\frak{p}$. My question is the following: does $\mathrm{Aut}(\overline{k}/k)$ act transitively on $S(\frak{p})$? I know the answer is "yes" if "prime ideal" is replaced by "maximal ideal," but am interested in the more general setting.
(I have also seen variations of this question in the context of, e.g., Dedekind domains, but I found nothing yet about my specific setting.)
Comment: Couldn't we replace $A$ by $A_{\mathfrak{p}}$ and assume $\mathfrak{p}$ is maximal?
Comment: @ Mohan: could you eloborate on that ?
Comment: First, I would like to know what you tried after my comment.
Comment: Can you first show that $A = \{ x \in \overline{A} : \sigma(x) = x \textrm{ for all } \sigma \in Aut(\overline{k}/k) \}$?
Comment: @ Mohan: not much; you seem to imply that the action of $\mathrm{Aut}(\overline{k}/k)$ on the maximal ideals in $A_{\frak{p}} \otimes_k \overline{k}$ over the maximal ideal $A_{\frak{p}}\frak{p}$ of $A_{\frak{p}}$ is closely related to its action on $S(\frak{p})$ ?
Comment: @D_S: only if $k$ is perfect
Answer: I think this is true. I assume you mean unital algebras. Consider the more general question: given an algebraic extension $L/K,$ is it true that for all unital $K$-algebras $A$ and all prime ideals ${\frak p}\subset A,$ the group $\mathrm{Aut}(L/K)$ acts transitively on the primes lying above ${\frak p}$ in $A\otimes_K L$? Let's call this property of $L/K$ "transitivity".
A finite Galois extension is transitive. This follows from properties of integral extensions. See Action of finite group of automorphisms on Spec A. As D_S mentioned, you can use that the $\mathrm{Aut}(L/K)$-invariant elements of $A\otimes_K L$ are just $A$; see for example the proof of Theorem 2.14 here: http://www.math.uconn.edu/~kconrad/blurbs/galoistheory/galoisdescent.pdf
If $K$ has characteristic $p>0$ then $K^{1/p}/K$ is transitive. More specifically, there is a unique prime lying above ${\frak p}$; it's ${\frak p}^{1/p}:=\{x^{1/p}\mid x\in {\frak p}\},$ the preimage of ${\frak p}$ under the Frobenius isomorphism $K^{1/p}\to K.$
If we have a tower $M\supset L\supset K$ where both extensions are transitive, then $M\supset K$ is transitive (transitivity of transitivity!). Given ${\frak q},{\frak q}'\subset A\otimes_K M$ lying above ${\frak p},$ some element of $\mathrm{Aut}(L/K)$ takes ${\frak q}\cap A\otimes_K L$ to ${\frak q}'\cap A\otimes_K L.$ We can extend this to an element $\sigma\in\mathrm{Aut}(M/K),$ then compose with an element of $\mathrm{Aut}(M/L)$ sending $\sigma({\frak q})$ to ${\frak q}'.$
By Zorn's lemma, given any algebraic extension $M/K$ there is a maximal transitive extension $L/K$ with $L\subseteq M.$ This implies that separable closures and perfect closures are transitive. Using the fact that the algebraic closure is the separable closure of the perfect closure gives the result.
Comment: @ DAP: in your 4th paragraph, I guess you mean $\frak{q}, \frak{q}'$ $\subset (A\otimes_K M)$ and $\frak{q}$ $\cap (A \otimes_K L)$ to $\frak{q}'$ $\cap (A \otimes_K L)$.
Comment: @Boccherini: fixed
Comment: @ DAP: could you explain why separable and perfect closures are transitive (cf. the last paragraph of your answer) ? Also, is there an implication for general algebraic extensions (cf. your setting) ?

Galois action on prime ideals


a CLI music player which supports (or can be configured) to only display filenames

Question: My audio library tags have always been completely broken, I don't have any any desire to manage them manually and Musicbrainz Picard doesn't necessarily retrieve (or have) the specific release I've ripped (which would be unreasonable to always expect). I've always found especially the 'genre' tag utterly useless and stores such as Bandcamp include some promotion at least in the "comment" field.
Comment: mpv can be used and fzf for instance can add the fuzzy search.
Comment: If you prefer mpv/fzf you can enter as a solution. I have not used them myself.
Answer: Quod Libet has the ability to show filename columns (e.g. Filename, Full Name, URI), in addition to many other fields like Artist, Track Name, Year, etc. You just need to enable preferred columns by right-clicking on any column, then select the desired ones.
You can also navigate by Folders, if you prefer that, via its "File System" browser.
It has an extensive search facility. You can see more details on Search here.
You can also play FLAC, MP3, etc and has many other features.
It is open source, and runs on Linux, Windows, MacOS.
See here for a full list of features.
To play from command line, see manual of arguments here


What are some ways to prevent a user from cheating by playing for a friend with a lower game skill level?

Question: In a game with leagues for players with different skill levels, what are some ways to ensure a player can't get a higher-skill level friend to play for them? Want to maintain a good gaming experience for beginners.
Answer: There are none. ∆
If a beginning player wants to ruin their experience by having a friend play for them, too bad (or good) for them.
If an experienced player wants to waste their time helping their beginning friend, they'll likely get bored at some point.
Keep in my mind that if a bad player gets boosted by a good player, they'll be clueless when they'll be left on their own with players really too good for them.
∆ You could prevent this by having a closed environment where the players play, like an on-site tournament, but I suppose you don't have access to such infrastructure.
Answer: If this is a tournament-like situation (not an ordinary day by day ladder), you can put in some anti-impersonation rules, e.g. ask players to stream their play via Twitch with keyboard and display in view. Of course this is going to work only if there are enough players who agree to over-complicate their plays to such extent to avoid the fear of impersonators.
We had similar case in our game, where high-level players would enter the tournament twice or more (under real and fake identities). If they would have to stream their play, that would have made such behavior much more of a hassle or impossible.


Why's my icecream jelly like?

Question: I was following this recipe to make some French Vanilla Icecream. I had to prepare some home-made cream from scratch, for I was very short on ingredients. After completing the cooking, during the freezing time, the mix became more jelly like - wobbly and rubbery. I kept stirring and breaking the mixture every 30 mins for the past 4 Hrs. I've followed the recipe as accurate as I could, but the home-made cream might be the trouble. Not only is it not setting, but is still in a runny consistency. Could it be the case? Is there anything that can be done right now?
Comment: I'll note that in addition to the much lower fat substitution SAJ14SAJ points out, you also substituted out an ice cream machine for some hand-stirring process. An ice cream machine is *much* more effective in making the small air bubbles you want in ice cream than hand stirring. There are ice cream recipes for if you don't have an ice cream machine, you should start with one of those.
Comment: Substitutions are only good for the context they are made for. You found a recipe with a substitute for whipped cream. In such situations, the probability that the recipe will also be good for other uses of cream is very low. Saj already answered the concrete question, but my general advice is to be very wary of substitutions and not to assume that they will behave similarly to the original in different conditions.
Comment: Probably because you added gelatin.
Answer: Ice cream depends critically on the fat in the dairy to form the structure and mouth feel.   Ice cream mixes there fore are typically fairly high in dairy fat.
You have substituted a comparatively low fat mock cream. which simply does not have the fat necessary to create the body of the ice cream.
In fact, the so-called homemade cream recipe is just thickening milk with gelatin, the thickening agent in... jelly (as they in British English, Jello in the US).  It is no wonder that your product has a jelly like consistency.   Also, gelatin is not stable for keeping its thickening (gelling) power when frozen.
Derobert is also correct in pointing out that switching from a traditional churned ice cream to a hand stirred freezer method will also alter the texture radically, although it is likely to make it grainier and icier without the milk fat to help buffer the formation of ice crystals.
Ice cream is a recipe where you do not want to substitute for the specific dairy called for in this way.  Ice milk recipes do exist, and will perform better.
Comment: Yeah, that "cream" recipe looks like it's meant for making a whipped cream substitute, definitely not the same role it's serving in ice cream.

Why's my icecream jelly like?


Are there any replacement keyboard apps?

Question: I'm coming from android which offers tons of keyboards and options. iOS seems like it has no customization to keyboards. Are there apps that offer a different layout or that edit the existing keyboard? I like being able to see the key I will get when I long press a key, etc.
Comment: There are plenty of apps in the app store that offer different layouts, but they do not replace the system layout and can only be used for copy/paste or limited purposes like email.
Answer: Sorry, but currently, no. Jailbreaking is your only bet (I'd advise against this, though).
In terms of what you want, it sounds like you are describing something that iOS already does. When holding down on the keys, it "magnifies" the key that you are holding so you can see what you are typing. I should mention though that holding down on certain keys will show you options of the same letter with the accents on top. Ex: Holding down the "E" key will give you options such as "E", "È", "É", and "Ę".
Here is an example of the action described above, but with a different option


Magento multi store setup get only store view wise products

Question: I am working on magento one website - multiple store admin panel. As seen in screen shot, i want when i choose tee store view of main website then product of only tee store view displayed.
Answer: there is no relation between product and store view in the sense that you expect. The product can be associated to one or more websites, not store views.
And you can filter the products belonging to a certain website from the grid, from the last column before edit called Websites.
The top selector you are referring to is there so you can see the name of the product for a specific store view.
Comment: But we can create 1 website having multiple stores and they works on different domains. Say shoes and t shirts are two stores, then in that case shoes products display on show store and same for t shirts. So in that case how can show in admin with differentiation.
Comment: Maybe you have a different visibility set for each store view for the same product


Transferring pdfs from computer to android

Question: When trying to transfer pdfs from computer to Galaxy Note II, Samsung Kies reports 'No App to read file'. I have several pdf readers including adobe for android and downloads direct to Note 2 work fine.
Comment: You state a fact, but miss to ask a question. I assume you want to ask "How to transfer PDFs from my computer to my Android device?" -- see my answer below for this. If you rather wanted to ask why Kies acts like that, or how to fix Kies -- maybe you ask again ;)
Comment: If you know to use ADB: simply adb FILE.pdf /sdcard/FOLDER
Answer: There are multiple ways to copy files between your computer and your Android device:

simply connect the two using an USB cable, and mount your Android device's storage to the computer -- then deal with it like with any other drive
create "shared folders" on your computer, and use an Android app which can deal with them, like e.g. ES File Explorer File Manager
Use an app which can share your Android device to your computer, for even more manageability -- like e.g. AirDroid
use cloud services like e.g. Dropbox or Google Drive which are accessible from both, your computer and your Android device, to share documents between the two
lame, but also listed for completeness: Send the files to your Google Mail account, and then save the attachments from the GMail app

Far from being complete -- but it should give you an idea of what's possible.
Answer: you can simply send them by bluetooth
Comment: I think @Izzy left bluetooth out because not all computers are bluetooth-enabled (even though the usb bluetooth caps cost $2). But welcome to Android Enthusiasts.
Comment: That was one of the reasons. Two more are: for bigger files, it's a pain – and OP might even end up with the same issue (BT has issues with file extensions it doesn't "know" sometimes). So if you say "you can simply do this", I assume you've done so successfully? If so, please include that with your answer.


How do you change the apn for a mobile broadband connection

Question: When I connect the Pantech UML290 (Verizon 4G LTE) device to ubuntu 11.10 it recognizes the device but it doesn't let me change the APN.  The "New Mobile Broadband Connection" Wizard skips the "Choose your Billing Plan" step.  So how do I set/change the APN?
Answer: Choose "I can't find my provider, and I wish to enter it manually:" in "Choose your Provider" Type the name of your provider (doesn't matter what you type) Then type your APN in the given text-box.


Advantages & Disadvantages of using Class Diagrams

Question: Any and all advantages/disadvantages would be appreciated!
Comment: In the future I would prefer to see "Here are the advantages and disadvantages of X that I thought of on my own and found by searching the web. Can anyone add any more?"
Answer: According to Agile principles, patterns and practices in c# class-diagrams have the disadvantage of focusing on a static view of the system. Both designers and newcomers to the project will probably learn more from diagrams that focus on the behaviour, for instance state-diagrams or sequence-diagrams.
Martin also writes that diagrams should be jotted down quickly to help the thought-process or discussion and then be scrapped. He has an intersting point, the important diagrams will appear in discussions over and over. Only when it gets boring to redraw a diagram repeatedly it is important and well thought-out enough to be added to the documentation and be kept updated.
Edit: The documentation-value is also indicated by the available tools. Generating class-diagrams of the structure of a system is widely supported. Illustrating what the system does and how it interacts with users or other systems is not.
Comment: I couldn't seem to find that reference..
Comment: I double-checked the link and it was ok so then I assume you mean where in the book? Chapter 14 is about when and how to draw diagrams. I now see I paraphrased it impresisely: "It is best to explore dynamic scenarios first and then determine their implications on the static structure. It is important to evolve the dynamic and static diagrams together, using very short iterative cycles ...". I couldn't find the documentation-part. The points are: 1. A complete model in diagrams is not that much cheaper than working code, 2. Diagrams are not testable so the design cannot be confirmed.
Comment: +1 for two reasons: class diagrams can easily be extracted from the code (could even be part of the build process) and, more importantly, **behavior** first. Alan Kay did say that OO was about messages being exchanged.
Answer: Advantages: Nice way to wak through use cases to test your design. Nice to use when talking and developing in a team. Once you have the design down the coding can be stubbed out so that testing and developing can be done by more than one person. Easy to write up simple ones on a white-board.
Disadvantage: they are usually not documents that are kept up to date so they don't work well as long-term documentation
Answer: Disadvantages: creating diagrams on a computer is slow.  This is not a fault of the diagrams, but a fault of the diagramming applications.  I'm happy to draw diagrams, but I draw them on a whiteboard while discussing design decisions.  Then we write code and the need for diagrams is over.  If someone really wants to see a diagram, they can extract one from the code.
Comment: IMO it's the only way. When you draw with your hands, concepts like "too complex" or "too coupled" are immediately obvious. Tools can hide that from you. Sometimes we take a picture of the whiteboard and keep it in the design folder - more often we don't.
Comment: @Kenneth - I've used several.  None are half as fast as drawing on a whiteboard or one-tenth as fast as typing "X extends Y"
Comment: Which diagramming programs are you using?  It seems pretty quick to me... granted there's room for improvement still of course.
Comment: I guess in the end it comes down to a matter of style.  I personally haven't had any issues using them.  I sometimes prefer to take things a little more slowly so I have time to analyze things which I find helps me to see things I might not have seen otherwise.
Comment: If you're only going to do it once, a white board makes sense.
Answer: I'd love to find a good tool that I can feed the root of my java interface hierarchy to and have it print out a nice diagram. Having a visual representation of the object model is incredibly useful. I tried this with a complex hierarchy (~100 interfaces) several years ago with several tools and they all failed miserably. If there are any that work well I'd love to know what they are.


measure the area of a model when viewed in 2d

Question: I want to measure the area of a model as if it was in 2d, for example if I had a 3d model of a car how could I measure the frontal area?  In this measurement things like the length of the bonnet would not matter, it is literally as if counting the black pixels in this image assuming I could know how much area a pixel was and that the windscreen and lights were included in the count.
Answer: Here's a Geometry Nodes solution. It lets you select the direction you wanna flatten the object in to get an outline of it, and displays the face area in the spreadsheet under the Viewer Node > Face section.

It scales the geometry to 0 in the preferred direction, and creates a circle around the now flattened geometry. Then, it extrudes the flattened geometry to make sure raycasting will work reliably and moves all points of the circle inwards until they hit something, resulting in a clean, single-face outline of the mesh.

It is not perfect: it depends on the resolution of the circle (which is exposed as a setting in the modifier window), and it also assumes the object is one continuous mesh, but these might not be too big of a deal for most use cases like yours.
As Gorgious points out, concave parts of the geometries can stay hidden from the rays as well. In the case of a car, that seems to cause problem with the wheels, for instance:

Comment: Maybe using *Mesh Island*s to repeat the same process for each? (Do we need loops for that?)
Comment: My method exactly.. too late.. I wonder if there's a way of picking up holes? Also, I've been thinking about an incremental shrink, resampling a  shrinking curve at each step.
Comment: Smart ! Although it isn't reliable on concave objects https://i.stack.imgur.com/fqYUl.png
Comment: Yeah, in the case of the car it seem to be a problem for wheels: https://i.imgur.com/zS8fXPd.png I'm sure there are more corner cases where it'd come short. Workbench's (solid view) outline feature works so nicely, I wonder if that's accessible by Python or something? Maybe it's a screen-space/pixels thing so not viable for drawing a mesh...? Not a programmer so I'm just talking.
Answer: another one, this is using raycast on a grid...

blend but with a monkey
Answer: if your model is aligned to the axis, you could do it like this:

bounding box "wraps" the smallest box around your object. With the viewer you can now check your x/y/z values in the spreadsheet:


all plug-ins load scripts on all pages

Question: I noticed that almost all the plugins I installed load the css and javascript in the head of all pages, even those where the plugins are not used.
I think this is slowing down the loading of pages on my site a lot.
Is there a way to disable this thing?  if so, how do you have a plugin to recommend or should I use the code?
Comment: There's [an old question about implementing that](https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/q/20854), but I think the general problem is it's difficult to know when you're setting up the page header what's going to be on the page. What sort of plugins are they? Would you be able to work out in advance when they'll be needed?
Comment: The solution to this would differ for each plugin. You need to identify the problematic plugins and then ask their authors individually.
Comment: hi @Rup  , thanks for the replies, the plug-ins are different for example:
contact form 7,
contact form 7 styler forn Divi,
gutena tabs,
attachment for WP,
the events calenar...
plus the RSS feeds I don't want and others.
I've seen that there are other plug-ins like the caching ones that do something similar to what I need but I've never tried them, do you have one to recommend?  i found this too
[https://wordpress.com/plugins/wp-asset-clean-up]
Answer: Most plugins will load their assets in the header on all pages, because they know very little about your site, and how you're using the plugin. This is a reason why it's generally advisable to use plugins only if you have to: they're built to work for as many people as possible, which means they're not as optimized for your site as they could be.
Loading plugin scripts and styles conditionally (ex: specific page) could end up being challenging, especially as the site grows, as you'll be maintaining conditions for the entire site, and plugins change.
Your first step will be to use the wp_dequeue_script() and wp_dequeue_style() functions to prevent the assets from loading, and then re-enqueue them behind your conditional logic. Make sure you call those functions after the plugin has enqueued its assets, otherwise, the assets won't be dequeued. Typically the wp_enqueue_scripts hook with a late priority should work (untested):
add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', static function () {
    wp_dequeue_script( ... );
}, 999 );

Comment: hello @Caleb , for example I don't need contact form 7 in all pages if the form is only in the contact page and the same for the events ...
Comment: Yep, that makes sense. You'll have to override CF7's default enqueueing function, and then manually enqueue it's assets on specific pages.
Comment: Do you recommend loading it later instead of not loading it at all?
Comment: CF7 probably won't work/display correctly without it's assets.

all plug-ins load scripts on all pages


Interpreting AncestryByDNA results

Question: My AncestryByDNA testing results are: 72% European, 16% Sub-Saharan Africa, and 12% Indigenous American. This suggests Iberian origins. However, all my known ancestors are Irish and most still live here. Can any more information be gained from this result? I'm new to this subject.
Comment: Tony, as it stands this is too general to get a useful answer.  What are you hoping to get from your DNA test -- to learn more about your deep ancestral origins? or to make connections with cousins who share DNA with you?
Comment: Have you read the supporting information at Ancestry? Check yesterday's blog by the Ancestry Insider "Ancestry.com Expands DNA Region Information" [http://ancestryinsider.blogspot.ca/2014/01/ancestrycom-expands-dna-region.html  ]. Last week The Legal Genealogist blogged "2013 look-back: DNA" [legalgenealogist.com/blog/2013/12/29/2013-look-back-dna/ ], which includes links to past articles about interpreting results. Other blogs can be found by googling key words.
Comment: From the wiki at the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG): http://www.isogg.org/wiki/AncestrybyDNA -- their beginner's guides may also be of interest [link]http://www.isogg.org/wiki/Beginners%27_guides_to_genetic_genealogy
Answer: AncestrybyDNA has a detailed help page that describes how to interpret their results.  In particular, low percentages of an ethnicity that you don't expect could "be the result of statistical noise".  In other words, they don't have enough data to give an accurate figure, and some of their results are essentially meaningless.
Unless I'm misreading their help page, they seem to be basing these predictions on a very small number of different ethnic groups: the "test provides your ancestral proportions based on years of collaborative research of populations representing 4 ancestral groups.".
Do AncestrybyDNA offer any sort of raw download of your data?  I wasn't able to see it mentioned.  If you have the raw data (list of markers), you could use other services to get another opinion.  In my answer to the question about east Asian ancestry I mentioned their are other ways to test the "admixture" of ethnic origins from the raw data, using services like gedmatch.com.  This will give other estimates, based on different sample populations and ways of processing it.
It's important to realise all these reports are just estimates, none are perfect.
Having said that, if the AncestrybyDNA test does not provide the raw data you can use elsewhere, and tests with such a small number of ethnic groups, it seems much less useful than most other tests.  The reviews on Yelp are mostly fairly negative.
Testing with another company (such as 23andme or FamilytreeDNA) would give you more usable data, but really for your background the admixture (ethnic origins) tests are not yet at the point where the results are of interest.  They're mainly useful for confirming or otherwise some existing suspected ancestry from another country, which it sounds like you don't have.
So, to answer your question directly, no, I don't think any more information can be gleaned from that result, unless they have a way to download the raw data, and, more importantly, you should should not take too seriously the "result" they do give.
Answer: You did AncestryBYDNA? Not Ancestry.com
's AncestryDNA, but the old AncestryBY DNA from DNA Diagnostics Center?  AncestryBYDNA has a high noise threshold, I believe 10% (whereas the 23andme, AncestryDNA, and FTDNA population finder have about 2% I believe). But anything over 10% may be considered true ancestry.  Still,  I would get Ancestry.com's Ancestry DNA and or the other two companies when I have the money. I don't know why DDC still has AncestryBYDNA,its outdated and while no admixture test is perfect, AncestryBYDNA is the most inaccurate.

Interpreting AncestryByDNA results


adding image in footer in drupal 7

Question: I am new to Drupal.I am using marinelli theam.I created one block and placed in footer section with some text.In Drupal 7 how to add an image in a block located in footer section..I tried using Full HTML and filtered HTML Text format.It was not added image.
Answer: Make sure the path to the image is correct.
1- Enable "PHP Filter" module, in Drupal Core modules.
2- inside the block content, make sure that the text format is "PHP code" and then type the following code:
global $base_path;
print "";

Hope this works... Muhammad.
Answer: You can directly use a wysiwyg editor and use insert picture any where you want. I prefer CKEditor.
Answer: What you can do is go to edit mode of your block. Then add image link using the following formatt:

If you haven't got through, I hope this helps.

adding image in footer in drupal 7


Trying to get advice on how to fix missing cinder blocks in my crawl space

Question: Just had my crawl space inspected and it's missing some blocks down there and the insulation needs to be replaced, it's outside under my porch and it's no mold or water down there but I'm looking to buy this home but I wanna second opinion of what I'm up against and is it worth it. It's a good neighborhood and at a good price PLEASE HELP
Comment: Is it possible that/those openings are used as air vents?  Hard to tell just from that picture, but might only need vent covers/screens.
Comment: "Is it worth it" is something only _you_ can determine.
Comment: Based on [Lee Sam's answer](https://diy.stackexchange.com/a/239196/34147) voting to reopen. It does, though, still need some additional clarification.
Comment: Why do you need insulation under your outside porch?
Answer: I disagree with @Freeman, you are not the only one who can decide if it's worth fixing the area with the missing blocks. The code can help determine if you need to fix it too.
The code requires an opening into the crawl space that is a minimum of 18" x 24" or if through the exterior wall a minimum of 16" x 24". (See R408.3)
In addition, your crawl space is required to have 1 square foot of ventilation for each 150 square feet of crawl space AND 1 such vent shall be within 3' of each corner. (See R408.1) The access opening can be part of the required ventilation, if covered with appropriate ventilation material. (See R408.2)
Btw, there are several exceptions including eliminating vents on one side, eliminating all vents if the crawl space is mechanically vented, etc. (See R408.2 exceptions)
Review these items on site and you'll know if it needs to be fixed/improved.
Comment: Great answer.  I would never have guessed there are code specs for a crawl space!
Answer: The opening does look like for the purpose of venting, but a grille is missing. This is a minor defect and quite easy to fix, however, more importantly, you shall make sure the crawl space construction meets the building code requirement. If your local jurisdiction has adopted IRC (International Residential Code), it does have requirements for venting the crawl space, the relevant code provisions are provided below for your information:
1) The IRC prescriptions for venting crawl spaces are contained in section R408, in several paragraphs. The first paragraph of IRC section 408 provides the standard requirement for ventilating crawl spaces:
The under-floor space between the bottom of the floor joists and the earth under any building (except space occupied by a basement) shall have ventilation openings through foundation walls or exterior walls. The minimum net area of ventilation openings shall be not less than 1 square foot for each 150 square feet of under-floor space area, unless the ground surface is covered by Class 1 vapor retarder material. Where a Class 1 vapor retarder material is used, the minimum net area of ventilation openings shall be not less than 1 square foot for each 1,500 square feet of under-floor space area. One such ventilating opening shall be within 3 feet of each corner of the building.
2) The second paragraph provides details of how these crawl space vents should be structured. Each vent must be at least 1 square foot in size and allowable materials include:

Expanded sheet metal plates not less than 0.047 inches thick

Perforated sheet metal plates not less than 0.070 inches thick

Cast-iron grill or grating

Extruded load-bearing brick vents

Hardware cloth of 0.035-inch wire or heavier

Corrosion-resistant wire mesh, with the least dimension being 1/8-inch thick

If you are using a ground vapor barrier, the vents can be of the type that has moveable louvers.
3) The third paragraph makes provisions for situations in which builders and homeowner prefer to omit vents in crawl spaces, usually because they wish to prevent thermal heat loss or to prevent insects and other vermin from gaining access to the crawl space.
Builders are now allowed the option of creating non-vented crawl spaces, provided they follow the following procedures:

Mechanically circulating air should be established between the upper conditioned area of the home and crawl space.

The air-circulating device must move at least 1 cubic foot of air per 50 square feet of crawl space area.

The crawl space floor area must be completely sealed with a vapor-retarding material.

The edges of the vapor retarder must be lapped up against the inner foundation walls. Overlapped separate sheets must be lapped at least 6 inches. The seams must be sealed.

All crawl space walls must be insulated to appropriate R-values for the regional climate.

Finally, an article with an opposing view on the requirement of crawl space venting is linked here for readers who reside at locals that have not adopted IRC and do not have a clear requirement from the local ADJ, to consider. (Note, this article is provided for information only, it does not represent my endorsement on the stated method nor the commercial statements)


Avconv streaming to URL - need help

Question: I'm trying to learn as I go but haven't managed to come up with the answer to my issue here. I'm trying to stream to a URL using the 'pi-camera-connect' package and the 'avconv' package.
The video on the URL is just black and no sound.
I've never really dealt with streams before, so I imagine I'm doing all sorts wrong. Would appreciate the help.
const { StreamCamera, Codec } = require("pi-camera-connect");
var avconv = require('avconv');

const streamCamera = new StreamCamera({
    codec: Codec.H264
});

const runApp = async () => {

    const videoStream = streamCamera.createStream();
    await streamCamera.startCapture();

    var URL = "HIDDEN_URL";

    var params = [
        '-i', 'pipe:0', // Tell avconv to expect an input stream (via its stdin)
        '-f', 'flv',
        '-strict', 'experimental',
        URL
    ];

    var process = avconv(params);

    process.on('error', function(data) {
        console.log("Stream Error", data.toString());
    });

    process.on('data', function(data) {
        console.log("Stream data", data.toString());
    });

    process.once('exit', function(exitCode, signal, metadata) {
        console.log("Stream Exit", exitCode.toString());
    });

    process.on('progress', function(progress) {
        console.log("Stream progress", progress.toString());
    });

    videoStream.pipe(process);

}

runApp();

It does generate the 'The driver for the TC358743 HDMI to CSI2 chip you are using is NOT supported' error but I understand that's always written out. Nothing else ends up in the console log.
I have been able to use the 'pi-camera' node package and write a new video file but I don't know how to use pi-camera to create a stream to send to the avconv process.
Answer: Never mind. Looks like I needed to add the -vcodec parameter.
var params = [
    '-i', 'pipe:0', // Tell avconv to expect an input stream (via its stdin)
    '-f', 'flv',
    '-vcodec', 'copy',
    '-strict', 'experimental',
    URL
];

Avconv streaming to URL - need help


Whenever new user registered, how to make them active based on some condition automatically

Question: I have a cloud driven drupal site. In the site one content type exists named as people it has email field. The content in this content type is around 5000. Whenever new user registered I want to check user email with the people content type email field that is around 5000 content i want to check. If user email matches with any one email in people content type I want to make them active automatically. How to do this.? Can anyone give me suggestions. I tried with rules but its not happening. Can anyone suggest some custom php code for rules module
Answer: Using PHP on admin end is not recommended. If you are interested in custom module here are the pointers

Implement hook_user_presave : Invoked when a user is created or updated.
Make sure your code inside presave hook is conditional for new account created but not updated. You can use in_new property of account object
if ($account->is_new) {...}
Use Entity Field query to find a node with email id of current account being created
if you found a result then Set $edit['status'] as 1.
Answer: Try this steps in a custom module..
First load all your content Email values into an array. You can done it using db_query or db_select.Then in hook_user_insert check $user->email with array values. If match is found set $user->status = 1.
Comment: Can you explain it with db_select
Comment: hi use [Entity Field query](https://www.drupal.org/node/1343708).
Comment: ya thanks. I got it working using entity field query.


clock period, throughput and efficiency of I2C bus

Question: If a I2C bus is runs at 400kHz what is the clock period ,data throughput in data-bits/seconds and bus efficiency? i am very new to those buses and is the clock period is 2.5 micro seconds ? any help will be appereciated.
Comment: This sounds like it could be a homework question...I've never heard anyone ask about "bus efficiency" of I2C in the real world. Please tell us what you do understand about I2C and try to answer these questions yourself.
Comment: @ElliotAlderson, "I've never heard anyone ask about "bus efficiency" of I2C in the real world". How have you selected I2C vs other buses for applications, then - guesswork? OP's asked a solid engineering question, nothing to do with homework.
Comment: @TonyM The throughput, latency, and efficiency of I2C are so heavily dependent on the particular host and slaves that I don't believe that a question about the intrinsic efficiency of the bus is a practical question. How can you be so certain that this is **not** a homework question?
Comment: @ElliotAlderson, believe it. Bus efficiency is not system efficiency, you're not understanding comms systems. Re-read the OP's question. On homework, I don't have to be sure. There's no burden on others to disprove an accusation you dreamt up and can't substantiate. Let's present engineering to OPs instead of guesswork.
Comment: @TonyM Just to be clear, I did **not** make any accusation. I said "sounds like" and "could be".
Answer: There will not be an answer to get you specific throughput numbers without actually knowing what device protocol and operational procedure that you are using. Bus utilization efficiency goes up if you operate with transactions with the device that transfer more data per START / STOP sequence.
From a raw protocol perspective the I2C bus uses 8-bit data size with 9th bit acknowledge. So assuming an SCL clock generated at a uniform rate the raw transfer efficiency will be no better than 8/9 or about 88% efficiency.
To get an idea of how to address this lets take a specific example of a simple serial EEPROM that has an I2C interface and you want to read it two data bytes per transaction. There is some overhead that we could consider as follows:

Start sequence (lets guess at equivalent of 2 clock times).
Slave Address byte to set device select and upper address bits to read. (8 + 1 clocks).
Low address bits of where to read in EEPROM. (8 + 1 clocks)
Repeated Start condition to switch to read mode (guess at equivalent of 2 clock times).
Slave Address Repeat with Read bit set (8 + 1 clocks).
First byte read out (8 + 1 clocks).
Second byte read out (8 + 1 clocks).
Stop sequence (lets guess at equivalent of 2 clock times).
Null time between transactions (Lets guess at 5 clock times).

If you total up all the equivalent clock times above there are 56 of them with a usable 16 clocks of actual utilization to get the data that was being read. This gives a data access efficiency of 16/56 or about 28% efficiency.


What can an attacker achieve with admin access to a router?

Question: I wanted to know what a person can do if he has access to the Router Settings?
I know he can change the password and stuff but can he do any real password sniffing stuff?
Comment: @XiongChiamiov Those don't seem to be duplicates. Access to the network doesn't mean access to the router (if it did, that really would be a problem). This question does seem a bit broad as it really depends on the router, but I'm going to vote to leave this open, as a reasonably short answer could still list all possibilities, and most home routers provide at least somewhat similar options. I actually think that this is a pretty good question (if it's not a duplicate; and the title and body of the question could also use some work)
Comment: Depends on the router/ap. But typically they all have a interface for sniffing or redirecting traffic.
Comment: @eckes Mine has something called Routing which can route some connections through a gateway. Idk if that could do anything. I can also open ports using port forwarding
Comment: Possible duplicate of [Is there any security threat with open WiFi connection?](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/34764/is-there-any-security-threat-with-open-wifi-connection)
Comment: Or duplicate of [Can an administrator see all of my info on shared, private WiFi?](https://security.stackexchange.com/q/121431/16960)
Comment: Basically, you're pwned if someone can get to your admin panel.
Comment: @tim Thanks for supporting me. It's my first question ever on stack exchange so I'll do better next time on the title and desc
Answer: depending on the router, you can set up a proxy server and redirect all traffic to said server.
This would allow you to do any MITM attacks you would normally be able to do but without having to ARP the victims. A simple google of MITM attacks could open up a large range of ideas for your self.
DNS attacks (e.g. redirection) and SSL stripping / denial are good example of things you can do if you set up a proxy server on the router.
Basically redirecting traffic to a device to handle it with your rules is a start, and then decide what you want to do from there.