Plural of belief: beliefs or believes?

Question: I found usages of both "beliefs" and "believes" and am confused while using a plural of 'belief'. So, I want to know which is the correct plural of 'belief'? Is it believes or beliefs?
Comment: Though a very general question but for extremely new to English, it's common. If thief's plural is thieves, belief's plural could be believes. Years back, this was my confusion as well! :)
Answer: Actually they are different.

Believe is a verb which is simply used for accepting the truth.

Example: He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence.

In above example the word "believes" is used as a third-person singular simple present.
Belief is a noun which is generally used for acceptance/confidence in truth, faith or trust.

Example: I can't do that. It's against my beliefs.

In above example, the word "beliefs" is used as plural of belief.

So, The difference is:

Beliefs is the plural of a noun belief
Believes is the use of a verb believe in third-person singular simple present
Comment: I would add that a belief can also be untrue, but the person who holds it must think it is true. For example, a person could believe in conspiracy theories, or believe that the moon is made of cheese.
Answer: You have to use beliefs as a plural form of belief because believes is a third party singular form of the verb believe. The reason to use beliefs is to prevent any confusion. There are some more examples:

Nouns whose verbs look similar:
Belief - Beliefs, Proof - Proofs, Grief - Griefs
Words with two f's:

Cuff - Cuffs, Sheriff - Sheriffs, Plaintiff - Plaintiffs, Whiff - Whiffs, Staff - Staffs

Other words:

Brief - Briefs, Reef - Reefs, Chief - Chiefs, Fife - Fifes, Roof - Roofs, Handkerchief - Handkerchiefs
Compare them with knives, wolves, lives, selves, wives, halves, etc.
Comment: I don't think there's really a reason behind it like you say. The plural of "leaf" is "leaves," even though that collides with the third person singular of the verb "to leave." Similarly, the plural of "half" is"halves" even though that is also used as a form of the verb "to halve." There are plenty of other verbs that are identical to nouns, such as *love, hate, ride, walk, run*; but there isn't  much confusion associated with these normally.
Comment: This is not a generalizable pattern.  Consider "dwarf", "scarf", "sheaf", and "leaf".
Comment: The mod team has converted this to a community wiki because, even though it contains questionable information, we believe this answer along with some of the ensuing comments may be instructive for the learner.
Comment: @rathony Actually handkerchief admits plural hand·ker·chiefs **and** hand·ker·chieves (Merriam-Webster) Roof has an archaic plural rooves and half can apparently be pluralized both halves and halfs though the reference for that is CGEL so I will have to wait till I get home to check if that's correct.
Comment: Hmm. I may have misread your first two sentences. I read it as saying that there is some general principle in English against having the plural form of nouns and the third-person singular forms of verbs be identical. But in fact, you were probably saying that *in this particular case*, it would case confusion because "believes" is not a valid plural form of the noun, but it does happen to be a valid word in a different grammatical context.
Answer: But I think " believes " is correct.
yes .. belief is completely correct but for making plural the nouns with " f " at the end of them, we omit " f " and add " ves "...
like : knife -> knives
and  : leaf -> leaves
I'm now sure... please take more care about this
Comment: @Glorfindel It's not really an exception.  There are three broad classes of /f/-final nouns, those with /v/-only plurals (*calf, knife, leaf, life*), those with /f/-only plurals (*belief, chief, cliff, photograph*), and those with both types of plural in use (*dwarf, half, scarf, wharf*).  Nouns sometimes move from one category to another (as with *dwarf*, thanks to Tolkien).  Because there are so many nouns in the latter two categories, we can't say that *beliefs* is an exception to a general rule.  See *The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language*, p.1587.
Comment: It doesn't matter what you *think*; belief is an exception to this rule. English is full of exceptions, unfortunately.

Plural of belief: beliefs or believes?


Is there any way to convert generated volumetric shader into the mesh?

Question: Now that we've got Volume to Mesh modifier - which is so cool - we can make meshes from the simulations, like Open VDB sequences, etc. But it seems that it doesn't work with procedurally generated volumetric data in any way. I mean those cases when we define the density with Noise Texture or Musgrave Texture or any other. Am I doing something wrong or it is just not possible for now to convert this data into the mesh? Is there any way to tell Blender that this is what I want to be considered as density? I was even thinking about possibility to bake this data into some kind of cache like Blender Point Cloud or Open VDB, but it doesn't seem possible.
Comment: I'll upvote because I'm curious about it too, and have found it hard to find good documentation.
Comment: The baking thing is probably your best shot.
Comment: Would love to know a way as well. For the purpose of getting volumes into Mist pass.
Comment: Probably dupli of https://blender.stackexchange.com/q/201378/2214
Comment: @vklidu yes, seems so. What should I do?
Answer: Because your description is aiming to texture and not shader as stated in title ...
Procedural Texture to Mesh
Since Roel's is not reacting to the comment ... a few notes from me.
His workflow is fine for me. Here is an example with Voronoi texture ...

add Cube for later use
add Volume object with Mesh to Volume modifier and set Object > Cube

add Volume Displace modifier and add some Texture you like (here type Voronoi)

switch to Geometry Nodes layout, add a New one and search for Volume to Mesh

... and because I don't know a way to convert Volume object into real Mesh object ... here is a way ...

Instead of using GN add a new Mesh object. Doesn't matter what, you need just a object "container" to store data here.
add Volume to Mesh modifier. Result is the same, but here you can Apply modifier to make geometry real.

You can here also stack other modifiers to enhance a result (that are not available for Volume object), like Decimator or Smooth

Shader to Mesh
If you would need to use a more complex node tree (not just a texture, but a shader) ... there is an add-on of Joshua Blömer called Shader to OpenVDB that could be probably used to generate volumetric (VDB) file to be imported back as source of Volume object and transferred into Mesh ... Win only and probably not up to date for 3.x version. I found only on Artstation link a way to mail him. You can try your luck to attract him.
Anyway, all these techniques are very topology dense (heavy calculation, hard to work with) ... it defence on your needs of course.
Comment: Great it is clear now :) Good luck with your project.
Comment: Thank you! Now I see what you mean and I see where was my fault. I didn't know about Volume Displace modifier which can use Textures, so by default I was talking about Procedural Textures from the Shader Editor. But as far as it is not clearly written in the question itself, I should consider your answer correct. Also the answer from the thread you've mentioned in the comment to my question solves my problem. The key is in using Geometry Nodes instead of the Shader Editor with some little tricks. Thank you very much!
Answer: You can use geometry nodes to generate a mesh out of your volume.
You can download my example here: https://we.tl/t-HBvHuXwrpE
Comment: Thanks, but the answer seems to be not related to the question. The question was about converting the Noises generated in the Shader Editor into the Mesh, not about converting Volume objects into the Mesh.
Comment: @AndreySokolov ... this answer is correct in a way to "convert procedural texture into a mesh". If you use more complex volumetric procedural shader you can try this free add-on [Shader to OpenVDB](https://joshuabloemer.gumroad.com/l/export-openvdb) (Win only) and than use GN Volume to Mesh.
Comment: No, it is not, Volume Objects are not Procedural Textures. Volume Objects can be converted into mesh, Procedural Textures can not be. Thanks for the link to the add-on, unfortunately I could not make it work on Windows even after manually fixing installation issues. The author advises to reinstall Windows in this case, but for me this is not an option, besides I highly doubt it can fix the problem, because according to error log, it can not import dlls from the add-on files, not from Windows files.
Comment: I tried it and it works, what can I say more :) I can share screen proving it ... But there is still possible misunderstanding of expected result. Do you have some mockup or example of desired result? BTW Have you tried it or you just do not believe :) If you tried it, where did it failed for you? About addon ... Try to contact author on GitHub. Script is not updated, I don't have such skills and I'm on a Mac.


Why is skanda worship more in south india rather than north india?

Question: Worship of Skanda seems to be less popular in north of India , while he is revered more in Tamil Nadu , Karnataka and Maharashtra. What could be the reason behind this?
Answer: Because Lord Kartikeya left Kailash mountain (situated in North) and made his abode in Kraunch mountain (situated in South India) and spent lot of his time here. Read the complete story from Shiva Purana.
So few stories are more popular in South India than in North India.
However, he is worshipped in North too. In every Shiva temple, Kartikeya is also worshipped.


Is there a multiple USB to Ethernet hub?

Question: I want to create a network of raspi 0's connected to Ethernet. Can I connect them all to one Ethernet wire via a USB hub?
Thanks
Answer: The Raspberry Pi Zero has no ethernet port but only a usb port. You cannot plug an ethernet cable into a usb port. You need an ethernet to usb dongle for each RPi0. In this dongle you can plug in an ethernet cable but there is no way to connect all ethernet ports from the RasPis to only one ethernet wire. You have to use a switch with as much ports as you need. Now you can connect each RasPi with one cable to a free port on the switch.
Just google on amazon or ebay with usb ethernet adapter and ethernet switch. Have an attention to the usb connector.
With the prices you may consider to buy RPi3B or RPi3B+ with built in ethernet port.
Comment: Thanks. Do you have any recommendations for Ethernet to USB dongles?
Comment: @user10208400 I have updated my answer.
Answer: You can also configure the microusb port on the raspberry pi as an ethernet port and connect the ethernet cable to one of the raspberry pis (using USB to ethernet gub). You can then configure the WiFi module as an access point/hotspot and have the other raspberry pis connect to this access point.


using multiprocessing with theano

Question: I'm trying to use theano with cpu-multiprocessing with a neural network library, Keras.
I use device=gpu flag and load the keras model. Then for extracting features for over a million images, im using multiprocessing pool.
The function looks something like this:
from keras import backend as K

f = K.function([model.layers[0].input, K.learning_phase()], [model.layers[-3].output,])

def feature_gen(flz):
    im = imread(flz)
    cPickle.dump(f([im, 0])[0][0], open(flz, 'wb'), -1)

pool = mp.Pool(processes=10)
results = [pool.apply_async(feature_gen, args=(f, )) for f in filelist]]

This however starts creating pools in the GPU memory and my code fails with memory error. Is it possible to force multiprocessing to create threads in CPU memory and then use specific parts for feature extraction such as f([im, 0])[0][0] with GPU?
If not, is there an alternative to do the same thing in parallel in python?
Answer: It is possible to use multiple processes if the other processes do not use keras, to my knowledge you need to restrict usage of keras to a single process. This seems to include all keras classes and methods, even those who do not seem to use the gpu, e.g. ImageDataGenerator.
If the workload is GPU limited it is also possible to use the threading library, which creates threads instead of processes, e.g. to load data while the GPU processes the previous batch, then the restriction does not apply. Due to the global interpreter lock this is not a solution in CPU limited environments.
Your situation looks like a parallel [read, do work on GPU, write]. This can be reformed to a pipeline, e.g. some processes reading, the main process performing GPU work and some processes writing.

Create Queue objects for input/output (threading.Queue or multiprocessing.Queue)
Create background worker threads/processes which read data from disk and feed it to the input queue
Create background worker threads/processes which write data from the output queue to disk
main loop which takes data from the input queue, creates batches, processes the data on the gpu and fills the output queue

using multiprocessing with theano


Inkscape: Convert fill pattern to path

Question: How can I convert a fill pattern, e.g. 'wavy' to a path, so I can edit it as a path, change colour, etc.? I tried Path > Object to Path, it doesn't do anything. I also tried tricks, like export to PDF, reimport through Poppler, again no effect.
Comment: A sh*tty work around I found for this case which is too complex to redo from scratch, is to export as a high-res PNG (e.g. 1200 dpi), then create a scratch document, import the PNG and vectorise it again (Trace Bitmap). Can't believe such basic functionality is missing in Inkscape…
Comment: I was about to post that. simplify the vectorised paths to smooth them out.
Answer: Printing through Microsoft's PDF printer and then reimporting with internal import seems to work for me.
Comment: Works for me also.  I use this method to turn Excel graphs into SVG via PDF.  Graphics convert properly.

Inkscape: Convert fill pattern to path


Navigate to last file in a folder on Google Drive

Question: My folder on Google Docs drive has over 4000 files. How do I navigate QUICKLY to the end of the folder? Presently I have to scroll and scroll and scroll and I have never gotten to the end of the files within the folder.
Answer: You could consider organizing those 4000+ files into categorized folders. That would certainly ease navigation. As an alternative, clicking the Column name in the top of the Drive display which you would like to sort by changes the sort method(asc or desc), which would bring the last file up to you, as opposed to scrolling down to it.
Answer: To quickly reach the bottom of the files list ,you can use the following short cut
Ctrl + End - this would take to the bottom of the file list
Ctrl + Home - This would take to the start of the file list
Comment: At this time Google Drive file lists having a lot of files are loaded partially. Ctrl + End will jump to the las file loaded and load more files after, so by repeating this operation it could take a while to jump to the last file in folder.
Answer: Not quickly, but I have a folder with a similar amounts of files (backup of SMS, one file/message). I have written a simple Applescript that repeatedly sends End/PgDn. Then I go and do something while this script executes.
My use case was that I wanted to select all the files, and therefore needed to view them all. Otherwise I would have searched or changed sort order to find the files I was interested in. GMail has an option "select all messages, not just visible [that is limited to 100/page]". Can't understand why Drive doesn't offer something similar.
Answer: On the column header of the files list on Google Drive, the sort order is shown by an arrow. Click on the arrow to invert the sort order so the last file will become the first file.
Answer: If you're on a Desktop PC you may use the default shortcut Ctrl+Page down.
Could be a bit faster than scrolling.
Comment: This site is about using Web Apps :)


Fine structure parameter $\alpha$ at event horizon

Question: As magnetic field lines collect at a black hole event horizont (for no field lines will be present in the black hole) then ratio of electric field to magnetic field will change, so by this change in magnetic/electric ratio can we re-calculate the potency of alpha the fine structure parameter near the event horizon?
Comment: Why do you think that 'no field lines will be present in the black hole'? What 'ratio of electric field to magnetic field' are you talking about?
Answer: The fine-structure constant is not determined by magnetic and electric field strengths, but by other universal constants:
$$
\alpha=\frac{e^2}{\hbar c}
$$
(using cgs here because I'm an astrophysicist). This has a value1 of $\sim1/137$.

1 - There is some debate as to whether $\alpha$ is indeed a constant; some of claimed variations over large epochs (Gyr time scales) on the order of $\Delta\alpha/\alpha\sim10^{-6}$


How to send post request for related data from angular to .NET core api

Question: I'm new to angular and .NET core, I'm trying to store related data to sqlserver via .net core api.
My problem is Order controller is receiving one Order object how It will store orderitems with same OrderId which will be generated in Order Table? Plus I'm unable to call order controller, my service method returning this error

Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 500 ()
  POST https://localhost:44378/api/Orders 500

checkout.ts
  placeorder() {

    this.postservice.placeorder(this.orderdata.value, this.cart.selections)
  }

In this code orderdata.value are simple values while cart.selections are list of objects
Service code
  placeorder(orderdata: order, orderitems: orderItems): Observable<any[]>{
return this.http.post<any[]>(this.myAppUrl + 'api/Orders', [orderdata,orderitems]);}

order Interface
export interface order{
  orderid: number;
  uid: number;
  orderdate: Date;
  orderstatus: string;

}

OrderItems interface
export interface orderItems extends Array<orderItem> {
}

export interface orderItem {
  productId?: number;
  productName?: string;
  productPrice?: number;
  quantityValue?: number;
}

Order Controller
[HttpPost]
public async Task<ActionResult<Orders>> PostOrders(Orders orders)
{
  _context.Orders.Add(orders);
  await _context.SaveChangesAsync();

   return CreatedAtAction("GetOrders", new { id = orders.OrderId }, orders);
 }

Order Model Class
    public partial class Orders
{
    public Orders()
    {
        OrderItems = new HashSet<OrderItems>();
    }

    public int OrderId { get; set; }
    public int? Uid { get; set; }
    public DateTime? OrderDate { get; set; }
    public string OrderStatus { get; set; }

    public virtual ICollection<OrderItems> OrderItems { get; set; }
}

OrderItems Model Class
public partial class OrderItems
{
    public int ItemId { get; set; }
    public int? ProductId { get; set; }
    public string ProductName { get; set; }
    public int? ProductPrice { get; set; }
    public int? ProductQuantity { get; set; }
    public int? OrderId { get; set; }

    public virtual Orders Order { get; set; }
}

Answer: If I understood your request correctly, you would like to add articles related to an order that does not yet exist. In technical terms, you do not have the primary order key to indicate it as a foreign key on the articles.
When you add an entry in your DbContext and make a backup of this DbContext, the unique identifier is valued and returned to you on the previously added object.
If you add an "Order" object in your DbContext you cannot indicate the unique identifier there because SQL will take care of it. If you make a DbContext.SaveChanges(), know that the unique identifier of the order will be valued on the instance of the "Order" object previously added to your DbContext.
You just have to add the articles in your database with the unique identifier of the order.
I remain available if you have any questions, see you soon!
Comment: OrderId is a primary key in Order Table and OrderId in OrderItems is a foreign key, I know when I add an entry it will return the entry that is added, But what I want is to send both order and orderitems table values and it should auto setup primary key in order table and same key value as foreign key in orderitems table.


Adding multiple onload handlers

Question: I have two js files, each one with its own window.onload handler. Depending on how I attach the two onload handlers to the window object I get a different behaviour on the second handler.
More specifically, here is my html file:

 <title>Welcome to our site</title>

   Wellcome to our site... c'mon in!

It loads two js files, script1.js and script2.js.
Here is the version of these two scripts that leads to the (at least by me) unexpected behaviour.
Script1.js:
window.onload = initAll1(); // attach first onload handler

function initAll1() {
 alert("initAll1");
 document.getElementById("redirect").onclick = foo; // attach an onclick handler
}

function foo() {
 alert("we are in foo");
 return false;
}

Script2.js:
addOnloadHandler(initAll2); // with this we should attach a second onload handler

function initAll2() {
 alert("initAll2");
 if (linkHasOnclickHandler(document.getElementById("redirect"))) {
  alert("correct!");
 }
 else {
  alert("wrong!");
 }
}

function addOnloadHandler (newFunction) {
 var oldevent = window.onload;
 if (typeof oldevent == "function") {
  window.onload = function() {
      if (oldevent) {
          oldevent();
      }
   newFunction();
  };
 }
 else {
      window.onload = newFunction;
 }
}

function linkHasOnclickHandler() {
 var oldevent = document.getElementById("redirect").onclick;
 if (typeof oldevent == "function") {
  return true;
 }
 else {
  return false;
 }
}

In Script2.js I tried to add the second onload handler in a nice noninvasive way using function addOnloadHandler(). This function does not make any assumption on whether there is already any onload handler attached to the window object. It is noninvasive because it should add the new handler without deleting previous ones.
The thing is that when loaded with addOnloadHandler(), initAll2() is not capable of detecting the fact that document.getElementById("redirect") already has foo() attached as an onclick event handler (see initAll1()). The alert message "wrong!" is triggered, which to me seems to be the wrong behaviour.
When I forget about addOnloadHandler() and attach both onload handlers in Script1.js using:
window.onload = function () {initAll1(); initAll2();};

then everything works as expected, and initAll2() launches the "correct!" alert message.
Is there something wrong about addOnloadHandler()? Could anybody make it work? I would really like to use it instead of the second method.
Thanks!
Comment: Hm, why don't you use a JS library for onload code?
Answer: Just in case future people find this, and are looking for a way to use multiple event handlers when the object itself doesn't support addEventListener, attachEvent or some other form of listener stacking - i.e. it is a bespoke object, badly implemented. Then you can do the following:
object.onload = (function(pre){
  return function(){
    pre && pre.apply(this,arguments);
    /// do what you need for your listener here
  }
})(object.onload);

Each time you use the above code the previous onload listener is passed in as an argument, and when your new listener is triggered it runs the old listener first - meaning you can stack many listeners like this, if you so wish. However, this will only work for as long as the above code is always used to add listeners to your object. All your hard work will be undone if somewhere else it is overridden with a simple:
object.onload = function(){}

As a note to coders, if you are to implement a library, plugin or constructor, and it is possible other coders will take over your work. Please, please code the ability for multiple event listeners. It's really not that difficult.
Answer: You need to look at addEventListener and attachEvent, which are native implementations of your addOnloadHandler.
Answer: PPK's reference on addEventListener explains how do this pretty well:
http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_advanced.html
Answer: Thanks for the answers!
I rewrote my script2.js using addEventListener and attachEvent like this:
//addOnloadHandler(initAll1); // it works only when uncommenting this
addOnloadHandler(initAll2);

function initAll2() {
    alert("initAll2");
    if (linkHasOnclickHandler(document.getElementById("redirect"))) {
        alert("correct!");
    }
    else {
        alert("wrong!");
    }
}

function addOnloadHandler(newFunction) {
    if (window.addEventListener) { // W3C standard
        window.addEventListener('load', newFunction, false); // NB **not** 'onload'
    }
    else if (window.attachEvent) { // Microsoft
        window.attachEvent('onload', newFunction);
    }
}

function linkHasOnclickHandler(element) {
    var oldevent = document.getElementById("redirect").onclick;
    if (typeof oldevent == "function") {
        return true;
    }
    else {
        return false;
    }
}

As you can see, addOnloadHandler() has been rewritten using the native implementations you guys mentioned. I left script1.js untouched.
The resulting code still does not work (i.e., the "wrong!" alert message is shown). It only works when I register the onload initAll1() handler twice by uncommenting the first line of code in script2.js.
Apparently, mixing
window.onload = handler1;

and
window.addEventListener('load', handler2, false);

or
window.attachEvent('onload', handler2);

does not work fine.
Is there any way to work around this problem that does not imply touching script1.js?
Just in case you wonder why I don't want to touch script1.js, the reason is that I want my code (script2.js) to be reusable in other projects as well, no matter which other js files each project uses. So, it should work with every possible event-handling registration method used in script1.js.
thanks once more for your help!
Comment: You can mix the event registration methods, but if you're interested in writing unobtrusive code, listeners is the way to go.  This is one of the scenarios where its useful to commit to a JS library whether its off-the-shelf or one you rolled yourself.
Comment: Thanks for the hint chprpipr!

Adding multiple onload handlers


why is my minecraft open to LAN not working 1.5.2

Question: When my brother and I try to play together on minecraft LAN it does not work. I have allowed all access on firewall and the direct connect trick does not work. I am on Windows 8.
Answer: It can be caused by a number of issues.
First, ensure that all clients are connected to the same router and that all users have access to your local network. This can usually be verified by logging into your router administration page; and checking that the computers are connected and running.
If that's all good; you can move on.
If when you run the LAN server, and the output from the client returns a null ip (0.0.0.0), it means that it cannot properly identify your NIC. This is an unfixable bug caused by your NIC. The best workaround is either opening command prompt and running 'ipconfig', finding "IPv4"' and direct connecting to that that IP address,  or creating a full-fledged server.
Answer: Not being able to connect to a LAN network can be caused by a number of issues. First off, there is a general problem between Mac and PC's connecting, despite allowing everything through firewall. Ensure that you are all connected through your LAN (basically you can't connect to your friend from another house, unless hes using your wifi or something). Then ensure that the IP addresses are correct. I to had Windows 8 and was attempting to connect with someone and I found that I was having many issues, but since I switched back to Windows 7 it seems to work fine :/. Maybe a compatibility issue.


Make Dropdown adhere size of its contents

Question: When Dropdown is placed inside a panel with ContentSizeFitter/LayoutGroup with preferred size set, it appears to take just 10x10 units, no matter what the contents are. How can I make Dropdown's preferred size adhere size of its contents, i.e. size of its biggest option?
Answer: The option child control sizes inside the panel paired with the content size fitter seems to be a bit buggy, because it's not wrapping the contents of the dropdown recursively.
I tested a couple times, and i think you should either Disable the option from the panel object:

OR
use a script and set the DROPDOWN OBJECT Width+Height yourself, using a layout Element componnent;

OR (workaround without using scripts)

Turn off 'Child control Size'
Remove/Readd dropdown
Add layout Element component to Dropdown
Click Preferred Width , Preferred Height
Re-enable 'Childcontrol Size' if its nescessary for your needs;
Comment: How do I determine the correct explicit sizes when the options are generated dynamically (before level starts)?
Comment: You need the panel to wrap around the dropdown options, or the dropdown button itself? Because the dropdown options should actually appear above everything else, and not interfere with other layout elements. Can you edit your question and add a mockup of what you want to do?


How do I extract and remove a merged branch in Git?

Question: I have a 7 branches that affect the same files, all have been merged into the master branch through a secondary branch. One of the branches was not meant to be merged because it was not stable - can I undo the changes made by that single branch?
Assuming my repository looks like the following:
master  A - B - - - - E - - G - - - J - K
b1          |          `- F - - - I´
b2          |                    /
b3          |` - C - - - - - H -´
b4           ` - - D - - - -´

Now D is in the master. I want to remove it (but keep it in the b4 branch).
Answer: you should be able to just revert H.
git revert H

However, you won't be able to fix it and remerge it later when fixed. D will only be redone by doing a revert of that first revert.
Depending on your workflow, it may be easier to do the merges again without including b4.
I address this sort of stuff in my post here (or google "branch per feature"): http://dymitruk.com/blog/2012/02/05/branch-per-feature/
Getting rid of bad branches is at the heart of this workflow. I hope it helps you out.
Answer: Read this.
Essentially, you want to undo the merge with something like
git revert -m 1 H

to create commit L, then at a later date when that commit becomes valid again
git checkout master &&
    git revert L &&
    git checkout b3 &&
    git merge b4

and merge it on up again.
In my example I have done the revert on master, but I would suggest doing the initial git revert H at the lowest level branch that the change doesn't make sense - if it's simply to avoid it becoming part of master then do it at that level, but if you don't want it affecting b3 (or any of the other branches) either then do this revert - and subsequent revert-revert - on b3.
Answer: In the case that everything is just in your local repo (not being pushed anywhere), I'd just reset branches to the state before merges and do the merges again.
If it's pushed (i.e. you don't want to reset): revert your merge commit (H) on b3 (this will create a new commit - say, Q) and merge b3 into master again (so you merge this commit which revert changes, brought by b4). In case you want to merge b4 into master later, you need to: merge b3 into b4 (this will bring in Q into b4), revert Q on b4 (so you revert reverting) - now b4 can be worked on again and merged into master at some point later
If it's just a single D commit, that you don't want to have in master, you can do the following:

checkout b4
revert D (this will create a new commit - say, U)
merge b4 into master (or cherry-pick just U commit which removes unwanted changes).

Later on, you can revert U commit on b4 (i.e. bring back changes, made in D) and merge b4 into master again .
Answer: Assuming no push were made:
        git checkout master -b old-ref

Just in case we need it... Then:

    git checkout <old correct sha1> -b TEMP
    git branch -D master
    git checkout master

Should get origin/master
    git rebase -i TEMP

now you can do the un done merge properly (or not). If push were made, and you have no control over it (meaning rebuilding it "from scratch") you will have to revert the bad commit.


Is there an alternate tool for ''Split Polygons with Lines" tool in ArcGIS.10v?

Question: I wanted to use Split Polygons with Lines tool in ArcGIS.10v. We don't have ArcInfo license. Is there an alternate tool which serves similar solution?
Comment: Are you asking about a Geoprocessing or Editing tool?  You say that you do not have an "ArcInfo" license but that is the old name for the current Advanced level license.  What version are you using and at what license level?  There may be no point in us providing an ArcGIS 10.5 solution using a Standard level license if you are using ArcGIS 9.1 at an ArcView license level.
Comment: I understand that you may be seeking an answer to one of two questions i.e. seeking a Geoprocessing tool or seeking an editing function.  The onus is on you as its asker to make which it is clear by using the [edit] button beneath your question before more people answer what is potentially a question other than that which you are asking.  My comment already asks you to clarify and it is placed on hold purely to prevent more potentially unrelated (or only loosely related) answers being placed on it until you have.
Comment: In any event this may be a duplicate of https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/30586/programatically-splitting-polygon-with-line
Comment: Have you tried one from advanced editing toolbar?
Comment: @PolyGeo Please try to not put on hold the questions asked. You may not understand the question but the answer seekers think they made a query clearly. Instead you could ask for clarity.
Comment: If you wish to include a picture please use the Picture button which enables you to browse to an on disk image.
Answer: When requesting alternative tools in ArcMap you should always go to http://codesharing.arcgis.com/ first where there are many user community contributed tools. You are never the first person who has this problem and in many cases someone has created a similar tool. Have a look at the Cut Polygons Without Selection tool, sounds like what you need, although it appears it is for 10.1 and higher and the tool description does not state what license level you need.


Can't acces onion sites with some links

Question: So, im kind of new on this, I'm using Tor with Tails. I cannot acces to onion sites using links such as:
[facebookcorewwwi.onion] (Unable to connect Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at facebookcorewwwi.onion) wich i understand should work just fine, I only could acces when using this other link:
[facebookwkhpilnemxj7asaniu7vnjjbiltxjqhye3mhbshg7kx5tfyd.onion]
Am I doing something wrong?
Comment: Does this answer your question? [Invalid Onionsite Address](https://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/22988/invalid-onionsite-address)
Answer: You're trying to reach an obsoleted V2 hidden service - they're not working any more
Answer: Tor doesn't support v2 addresses and only v3 onion addresses can be surfed through the tor browser. Using a deprecated version of tor doesn't work because v2 domain resolution for Hidden Services has been stopped on the tor network and only v3 domains are resolved for their particular services.
Answer: The address facebookcorewwwi.onion (and similar addresses which have 16 characters plus an .onion address) are old addresses. This address format was called a version 2 Onion address or short v2 address. Those addresses are deprecated and will not work anymore.
Facebook has adopted to the new version 3 of Onion Services. Those have longer onion addresses. So you can reach Facebook only via facebookwkhpilnemxj7asaniu7vnjjbiltxjqhye3mhbshg7kx5tfyd.onion. If you want to know their actual onion address, you can go to https://www.facebook.com/onion-service. This site lists the address.
Furthermore Alec Muffett maintains a list of so-called real world onion sites. You'll find many more working addresses in his list.

Can't acces onion sites with some links


What are some examples of "love luck"?

Question: I've read that there is a type of luck called "love luck". In the article, it states that love luck either makes it easier to increase friendship with opposite-sex villagers, or that special conversations with opposite-sex villagers are more likely (if you have 'good'love luck). I have yet to witness the effect of this luck, but I would like to see some examples of this "love luck" to see if it's worth the 500 Bells that Katrina requests to have your fortune read.
Comment: I don't think she gives you a choice of the type of luck you're sporting, it seems to be random...?
Comment: She does not give you the choice of what type of luck you want, but say you **do** get love luck, what are some examples of this type of luck?
Answer: First off, the type of luck you receive each day is random, and Katrina doesn't "give" you the luck--you have it already and she tells you what kind you have.
And so for "love luck," it should already be easier that day to increase friendship with opposite-gender villagers and to get special conversations with them. You don't need Katrina to unlock your luck, just to clarify what it is for the day. I can attest to "love luck" working as true (or having just several weird coincidences); the number of special conversations I had with opposite-gender villagers with good "love luck" was higher than normal (and definitely more than the ones I had with same-gender villagers).
Comment: Do you have an example of a special conversation? Just curious :0
Comment: A special conversation would be one that's initiated by the villager (i.e. they look surprised, three marks appear above their head, etc.) and usually entail that they want to give you something, buy something from you, and so on.
Answer: I think that the relationship that grows is not "love luck" i think its just the time you have spent with the villager. On the other hand, there is a way for you to have a serious love relationship with a villager of an opposite sex.....You have to send them alot of letters with roses and talk to them and if there are hearts on top of his/her head he or she is in love with you or if he or she is lazy he might be in love with food .

What are some examples of "love luck"?


How to get an itinerary from a record locator

Question: If I have a record locator (PNR?) the 6-character code that passengers get, how can I get the details of the corresponding itinerary? Is there some (possibly paid) service on the web that can do this?
Comment: Is there a particular reason you're asking? You can of course check a specific flight itinerary easily enough, but I'm doubtful there's anything out there that would give an ordinary person details of a 3rd party's itinerary (if that is indeed what you're looking for).
Comment: I'm not looking to look at someone else's itinerary - just mine. It is pretty complex, involves code-share partners so the airline I'm flying on does not recognize the record locator, the travel agent is in another country and is not picking up the phone etc. etc. Long story. So I was just wondering if there was some kind of online service where I could enter the PNR and get back the itinerary.
Answer: It is quite easy to look up information about a reservation if you have the PNR (a.k.a. record locator, booking reference, confirmation code, reservation number, etc.) or ticket number plus the name of the passenger. Most major airlines provide an online form where you can do this, e.g. ANA, Icelandair, Air Canada. The only catch is that you must use a locator which the airline's system understands, which you may not be in possession of if you booked, for example, through a partner airline.
Depending on where the ticket was booked, it may also be possible to look up the information from a GDS or travel agent website. Expedia lets you look up an itinerary with the itinerary number and the email address associated with the reservation. For Travelport there is ViewTrip, which lets you do a look up with a last name.
For Sabre there is Virtually There and for Amadeus there is CheckMyTrip, but those require setting up a separate account and I have not used either in over a decade.
Comment: Thanks very much. I will try them all. I don't know which underlying reservation system was used, so I don't know which of these will work, or I have to find some other 4th service etc. I guess I was hoping that there might be some type of universal online service where, if I enter a PNR (and last name?) it might spit out the full itinerary, regardless of where the ticket came from or which reservation system was used, etc.
Comment: @KevinMulligan If you know you will be on a particular flight operated by a particular airline, that airline should be able to look you up and give you whichever PNR they have for you. Sometimes, they may have access to identifiers used by their partners as well, and sometimes, the airline uses the same identifier as its preferred GDS. There's no central database AFAIK; you have to check with each vendor, much like you can't ask Walmart if they can find your Amazon order number for you.
Answer: I sure hope there would not be any, and, as "the bad guys" presumably already would know,for reference:
https://www.pcmag.com/news/350685/luggage-tag-code-unlocks-flights-flyer-miles-your-identity
I believe that exposing possible issues, [i.e. in this case big thanks to pcmag] and me just trying to help to spread out the messgae, may speed up to get fixes done, and, to repeat, the bad guys already presumably know.
So, there is nothing you can do about the tags attached to your luggage between the luggage drop and the arrival belt, but, better remove them after the belt [ BUT KEEP ALSO THE LUGAGGE TAGS AVAILABLE until you are out of the airport, since you may need them when passing the customs and/or exiting the airport, as in some places, even on domestic flights, they cross-check your luggage tag and the "copy" you have to avoid luggage thefts. Also, consider where you throw away your "boarding passes" or other documents where traceable information is included. It is not only about your itinerary, but you might risk also more personal information revealed!


What is the best practice for ensuring the best possible connection between a battery cable and a battery terminal

Question: I've seen a number of opinions on conductive gels to ensure the best conductivity between battery terminals and battery cables. I'm interested in knowing an expert's opinion on the matter. I'm particularly interested in products that work well in harsh marine environments.
Answer: We really need more info on the batteries and type of connection.
Will the connection be permanent? In that case soldering or welding are the best choices. If you're connecting to wire, you'll need good strain relief. Any repetitive motion at the solder joint / weld will cause failure eventually. In a vehicle the battery may have a tendency to jostle around. Make sure that this will not cause flexture of the wire to battery connection.
For permanent connections you can coat the resulting joint (among other things) with conformal coating, which will help inhibit corrosion.
For removable connections, corrosion of the contacts will be your biggest enemy. Use gold contacts if possible. There are solutions such as "deoxit" which will inhibit corrosion of the contacts, but that won't work as well or last as long as gold plating.
Keep the battery compartment as dry as possible obviously. Consider using a water proof box with a desiccant packet, or a heat source.
Chemicals like bleach will destroy contacts faster than anything in my experience, so be sure to keep them away from your connectors.
Comment: Thanks for such a thorough answer. In response to your question, the connection should not be permanent. This particular application involves a marine battery cranking a marine engine. I'm interested in maximizing the conductivity of the connection. The battery has a 1/2" threaded bolt on the terminal and the cable has a hole that fits over the terminal.


Will Biden's junk fee bill ultimately decrease or increase the cost to consumers?

Question: Currently, the bill is set to target four fees: Event/entertainment fees, airline fees, early termination fees for tv/phone/internet services, and surprise resort/destination fees. However, I have heard from several sources that this will instead increase the total cost to consumers as firms will charge more to make up for lost revenue, raising prices until marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. Would the bill ultimately be beneficial to consumers, or is it only a temporary fix?
Comment: The seller sets the price as high as they can, and the buyer accepts the lowest price they can. Can sellers set higher prices than they could before? Probably lower, actually, because previously the buyers didn't know about the price before they bought, and now that information is properly available up-front when making their decision.
Comment: You are asking for a crystal ball reading. Of course people who are harmed by this bill would like you to believe it will definitely increase costs and people who benefit would like you to believe it definitely decreases costs.
Comment: but I would point out: you were already paying those fees anyway, weren't you? so what is the problem with now paying for them as part of the price, instead of separate fees?
Comment: I suppose that makes sense. I guess I wasn't necessarily asking for a prediction, but more like what economic principles may say about this.
Answer: You are asking question about effect across various completely different industries with varying industry structures so it is impossible to provide some concrete result, so this answer will only discuss it generally.
What you heard is correct assuming that these companies are perfectly competitive. If a company is perfectly competitive then indeed one can show that price (which is marginal revenue for company) will be equal to marginal cost ($p=MC$)  and in such case companies would just translate these costs to their general prices (see discussion in any Microeconomic textbook for example Frank Microeconomics and Behavior). In addition, those fees were there presumably to also set up incentives to discourage behavior this might lead to even higher costs than just having the fees which would further increase the prices.
However, if firms are not perfectly competitive the point about cost increase being reflected in prices is no longer guaranteed. Outside perfect competition $p=MC$ is no longer guaranteed, although it can occur in certain situations (see ibid or Belleflamme & Peitz IO book for some examples).   Generally non-competitive firms will have pricing given by some markup that depends on various factors, most importantly price elasticity of demand (Belleflamme & Peitz Industrial Organization ch 3). In such case we have some $p= \mu MC$ with $\mu \geq 1$.
Now as long as $\mu>1$ it is technically possible for company to not raise prices when costs increase as company could in principle simply lower its markup. As was already mentioned markup is a function of price elasticity of demand ($\epsilon_d$). When prices change elasticity usually changes as well (unless we deal with a special case demand function exhibiting constant $\epsilon_d$), so typically any price change would trigger some change in markup. What change in markup will occur is impossible to say without knowing some parameters that have to be estimated, we can just say that higher $\epsilon_d$ means lower markup and vice versa. Also markup could also depend on richer set of variables depending on what model we are dealing with, but elasticity is the major one to take into consideration.
Hence, depending what happens to markup which could go either up or down prices could increase more than marginal cost or less than marginal cost. If markup was sufficiently high and drops now in principle the increase in marginal cost could be even fully offset by drop in markup. It is impossible to say much more without empirical analysis of the effect on some industry.
The best one can do is to say that in highly competitive segments such as regular hotels or entertainment prices will likely rise when marginal costs raise, whereas when it comes to less competitive segments such as some fancy resort that offers unique experience the effect will be ambiguous. Such resort  might be forced to absorb the cost increase by lowering its markup if elasticity of demand is high, or might actually increase prices more than marginal cost increase if elasticity of demand is low.


difference between IdLookUp from External Id

Question: What is the difference between IdLookUp from External Id?
Answer: Per the documentation:
idlookup:
https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.api.meta/api/access_for_fields.htm

Can be used to specify a record in an upsert call. The Id field of each object has this property and some Name fields. There are exceptions, so check for the property in any object you wish to upset.

basically it is a property of specific field types. Where an external ID is a property you set to indicate a custom field can be used as an external ID. Marking a field as an External ID essentially set the idlookup property to true.
A 10 second search pulled up this information. In the future please be a bit more detailed as to what you do not understand as I am unsure if this it what you were having trouble with. Also, visit Trailhead, lots of fundamental information there.


Is it possible to recover original content from an edited image file?

Question: OK possibly a random question here, but one that is relevant to the site and regarding a hot topic nowadays: privacy.
If I load an image file (in my case a PNG photocopy of a document which contains some personal details) into Gimp, and I 'fill' with black (i.e. as if to redact) the areas of the image that contain sensitive information, and I then overwrite the original file, is there any way that the original untouched image can be recovered or gleamed? Such as low level bit analysis or...?
If so what tools and techniques are behind that, and how can I mitigate this? Is it a simple case of not overwriting the original but simply creating a new file with the changes?
Comment: While interesting, I am struggling to understand how this applies to photography.
Comment: Then the question probably needs to be edited to reflect the applicability to photography as it is applied here.
Comment: @Michael: Indeed, all correct. That said, the answers are really what matter, and mattdm's answer is excellent. It really isn't our policy to radically change a question's content, either, so I personally would prefer we leave it alone, despite it being off topic.
Comment: Given mattdm's answer, I think we should let this stand.
Comment: This question appears to be off-topic because it is about data processing and recovery rather than photography. Further, it is about data processing and recovery of scanned documents containing information in the form of words and numbers rather than in the form of photographs.
Comment: Here's a brief article about undoing a twirl effect to catch a suspected criminal - http://boingboing.net/2007/10/08/untwirling-photo-of.html - but as your question asks about painting black this doesn't constitute an answer.
Comment: If  you gave much thought to this question and purposely asked it on a Q/A site  then it is not " random " at all.  Now if you had a bunch of questions in a hat and just reached in and pulled one out,  that would be random.
Answer: As written, this is borderline off-topic. But the answer could apply to photography as well, for example, if taking pictures in a war zone where recognizable faces could be dangerous for the subject.
To answer it, we have to look at two things.
First, the way the information is stored in an image file. Generally, each pixel is simply represented by triplet of values, for red, green, and blue. Mixed together, this makes the color. If you change the value of pixels in a certain area to 0, you black them out, and the original information is gone. So, that's pretty safe -- if that's all your image contains. Many image formats also include invisible metadata -- information about the camera the photo was taken with and possibly things like location tags. Those need to be dealt with separately. Additionally, some image formats retain multiple layers and may even include undo history -- this includes Photoshop's PSD files and Gimp's XCF files. (And possibly some TIF files.) If you export to PNG or JPEG, you are probably okay.
Second, consider the way in which you redact your photo. If you use a drawing tool and replace the pixels as above, this is fairly safe, because you are adding new information and destroying the old. If you use some sort of mosaic or blur filter which takes the existing pixels and transforms them, it's actually possible that a clever reversal of the algorithm could get back more information that seems possible. So, don't do that.
If you're confident that you've masked the pixels using a safe approach, but a little unsure if the file itself is safely "cleaned", take a look at What tools exist to remove metadata from photos?, which gives several good approaches. (Personally, I use jhead -purejpg.)
Comment: Good answer. Don't to mention removing the original thumbnail as part of the metadata cleaning. Can't remember where but I know this was a privacy issue for at least one person that made the news for failing to do so.
Comment: But be careful with images with transparency - these add an extra alpha (opacity) channel. Depending on how the image was made, there may be data in the RGB of the transparent areas that you can't see because of the transparency - but may show if displayed by something that doesn't support transparency (or you edit the image to increase the opacity in those areas).
Comment: Some information could also be recovered from other parts of the image. For example, the objects in the redacted part of the image may also be reflected in other objects. Similarly, light reflected by objects in the redacted parts might color unredacted parts, giving at least some idea of what's in the blacked-out areas.
Answer: You won't be able to recover the covered parts of the image but maybe you could find a previous version.
If you are using windows you can right click the containing folder and click previous versions. You may find a version in there depending on when your shadow copy runs and how long you left it before editing the image.
Comment: Thanks for your reply. In this case I'm only concerned with once I've redacted specific parts of the photocopy image and overwritten the original untouched version of the file that once I send via email this edited PNG to somebody, they will not be able to use any tools to "guesstimate" what was blanked out. You're saying this is the case, right (since nobody but me has access to the folder/shadow copy)?
Answer: In addition the the answer of @mattdm I would like to add another point of view.
If the question is only about recovery of data from an image you sent to someone or uploaded somewhere, the given given answers are correct and sufficient.
But also consider recovery of the original data from the physical storage device, say harddisk, USB stick, SD card, etc.
1) Overwriting a file doesn´t mean it is actually physically overwritten on the device.
2) Even if it is physically overwritten, one time might not be enough.
Comment: Agreed. There's an image processing answer to this question, and then there's a forensics answer to the question. The forensics answer to the question gets very complicated.
Comment: If the files is written to a solid-state drive its likely that the data from the original image is left alone and won't be rewritten for weeks. (Solid state drives write their data to different parts of the solid state memory each time, since the memory wears out with use. An expert could likely find the original image.)
Comment: Magnetic media can also write new versions of a file to a different physical spot on the drive and leave the original intact, although they may also write the data back to the exact same spot, or a mixture of new and old parts of the drive. However, experts can analyze the magnetic data on the drive and may be able to extract the original data even after it's been overwritten with new data.


Conditional Covariance Matrix

Question: For the conditional covariance matrix, is the notation $\operatorname{cov}(\textbf{X}\mid Y)$ elegimate? where $ \textbf{X} $ is a random vector, and $Y$ is a random variable. I find the definition of conditional covariance matrix for a random vector in the lecture notes of PSU, but is there any assumption before the definition? (e.g. is there any requirement for $ \textbf{X}$ and $ Y $?) And how could I find the accurate definition in a publication? Thank you!
Comment: What's the matter with the definition supplied in those lecture notes? It looks perfectly standard and rigorous.  In what way do you deem it not "accurate"?
Comment: It may help to note that X|Y is itself a random variable, so you can find its covariance like any other rv.
Answer: There is no problems with the definitions, in fact, $X \mid Y$ is itself a random variable so any definitions for random variables can be applied to it.  See here:  Interpretation of Total Law of Covariance   for use  and Wikipedia for other use.

Conditional Covariance Matrix


Does the fusion of two psions give two disciplines?

Question: If two psions fuse and one is a shaper and one is an egotist. Is the fusion both? So I could use a power stone of either?
Answer:
The fused being knows all the powers you and the other creature know, [...] Likewise, all feats, racial abilities, and class features are pooled

So yes, the fused being has the class features associated with being an egotist as well as the class features associated with being a shaper. That includes adding the egotist-only powers and shaper-only powers to its power list, which is the requirement for using a power stone.


Biome-specific music with resource packs?

Question: So, I saw a suggestion on r/Minecraft talking about biome-specific music, and wondered if it was possible with resource packs? I doubt it is, but i know there are some Minecraft gods out there. I also have Optifine, if that's any help.
Comment: Thanks! I've never tried using datapacks before, but there's a first time for everything right?
Comment: if anyone knows any good tutorials or anything that can teach me to use datapacks, it would be greatly appreciated!
Comment: It is definitely possible, with a datapack. I think advancements can check for the biome you're in, but I don't know anything more specific. The wiki can probably help.
Comment: Yes, indeed: https://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Advancements/List_of_triggers#minecraft:location I might try to do this myself at a later point in time, but maybe this is already enough information for you to get started.
Comment: This is a worthy challenge. Maybe I'll try it out sometime. To be honest, I don't see why this kind of thing couldn't be applied to more than just biomes; other trigger conditions are possible using datapacks besides biomes. The only problem would be transitioning between songs; as far as I know, there is no way to slowly quiet a sound down to start another song.
Comment: @4AC11 Try this: [link](https://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Data_pack)
Answer: Because of the way Minecraft resource packs work, no, it is not possible to create biome-specific music with resource packs alone. Minecraft activates the default music in certain situations (survival, creative, nether, credits), and the only thing a resource pack can do is change what music plays in these situations, not add new situations of music. You can, however, add custom sounds and music with resource packs that can be played with the /playsound command as well as other datapacks, which can run the command if a certain condition is true, like if the player is in a specific biome. Trigger the Music, a datapack & resource pack combination that I made a while ago, for example, does just this.
Comment: I didn't make the datapack purely based upon or for this post, so archiving it would be just as illegitimate as downloading another program online and archiving that one just to answer a different question about "what software can help me solve this problem?" The rule you provided does not apply to including software inside of the post or increasing its permanence. Still, the answer I provided is a bit vague and doesn't actually answer the question, so I did rephrase the question to meet this quota.
Comment: Please do not only give a link to the actual answer. That website or the page could be deleted or changed at any point. Please at least upload it somewhere where it can be archived on web.archive.org (which does not work on that website). To really follow the rules of this website, you must include the important parts in the answer itself.
Comment: "what software can help me solve this problem?" is off-topic on this site anyway. This sounds like a better answer now, downvote undone.


Why is ROC analysis not used in optimization problems?

Question: In machine learning and applied fields of statistics, receiver operating characterization (ROC) analysis is commonly used to select optimal algorithms/models. However, at a lecture I once attended on mathematical optimization, I remember the lecturer saying that ROC analysis just wasn't considered a useful approach to optimization. No justification was offered. As a non-mathematician, I want to know (1) is this true that ROC analysis is not used in optimization problems and (2) if so, why?
Answer: The lecturer was wrong.  It is now an active area of research (though outside my speciality). For instance, in a paper at NIPS in 2003, they discuss using ROC AUC instead of error as an objective function in training neural networks.


Windows Azure Mobile Services REST API documentation

Question: Is there any management API in Windows Azure Mobile Services? For example: methods to create mobile services or data tables. I could not find any documentation. I have read in some other thread that the API is available but not available publicly. Any expectation about its availability.
Answer: There is no REST API for managing Windows Azure Mobile Services, for operations like you mentioned (creating / configuring services; creating / configuring tables; etc). If you want to script those operations you can use the Azure command-line interface - that will let you perform those operations in the command line (for example via a batch / shell / command line script). That tool is implemented in node.js, so you can also use it in a node.js application, by using the azure-cli package.
There is a REST API for using a specific Azure Mobile Service - and you can find the documentation for it at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsazure/jj710108.aspx.
Comment: Is there any future plan of Azure Team for providing a 'managing' option by REST API like other services in Management REST API?
Comment: I don't know of the plans, but you can create a feature request under http://feedback.windowsazure.com/forums/216254-mobile-services (or vote up for one if it already exists) for this.
Comment: Can you perform the operation by calling node.js operation form c# application?
Comment: I'd guess it's possible, if from the C# app you'd start a new process which would invoke node.exe to use it. I haven't tried it, though.
Comment: I have been able to execute the node script from my local machine for creation of mobile web services. Now I am going to delopy my C# in Window Azure cloud. Would I be able to execute the same scripts from azure clound deployment. My local machine is having the node package install and want to know either I need to install the package on cloud too


Bash: How do I move my cursor to the left a word-at-a-time?

Question: In OSX I can just hold down the option key and press the left cursor key until I get to the word I need to edit (or in Vi I can just hit b, but I haven't been able to figure out how to do this in Terminal yet...
Comment: You can see the full list of readline bindings [on this page](http://linux.about.com/library/cmd/blcmdl3_readline.htm), including instructions how to customize your own bindings.
Answer: To set the key binding: You first have to find out what key codes the Ctrl+Left key sequence creates. Just use the command cat to switch off any interference with existing key bindings, and then type the key sequence. In my system (Linux), this looks like that:
$ cat
^[[1;5D

Press Ctrl+d to exit cat. Now you have found out that Ctrl-Left issues 6 key codes:

Escape (^[)
[
1
;
5
D

Now you can issue the bind command:
bind '"\e[1;5D": backward-word'

Comment: You can add `` "\e[1;5D": backward-word '' into $HOME/.inputrc for permanent effect if you want .
Comment: +1 for the most flexible way to bind arbitrary key combinations anywhere!
Comment: @llhuii +1, I forgot to mention that!
Comment: if-my-word-contains-dashes - can I create a hotkey for a such?
Answer: The bash function you want is backward-word. You can run bind -q backward-word to get a list of keys bound to that function. One common binding is Esc+b
Also, many terminals support Ctrl+Left (the same hotkey you can use in X to jump backwards by word)
Comment: @nipponese "esc b" can also be used on the keyboard as ALT-b. This may need to be specifically the left or right alt depending on your configuration, so try both.
Comment: Ok, it returns `backward-word can be invoked via "\eb".` but how do  I bind control+Left instead of Esc+b? Also, one drawback to Esc+b I can already see is that I have to let up on the Esc key every time I can to go back a word, isn't there a better way?
Comment: Is there a better way? Naturally: `set editing-mode vi` :)
Answer: The default key shortcut in Bash for backword-word is Alt + b . The same result can be achived with Esc + b . You should give those a try before editing your keybindings.
Use bind command to edit or bind -q [name] to get the current keybind of a specific action.
Comment: ... and forward - `Alt + f`


Guest User cannot access @AuraEnabled Apex Controller

Question: I created a force.com Site, which uses a LWC in Visualforce page. It seems that the Guest User cannot read the records and even if I preview as admin the Site still the records are not showing. Guest User has access to the objects, the visualforce page and the Apex class controller. Is there any permission I need to add? TIA.
Comment: Do the guest users have access to records? Is there any guest sharing rule created to share records with guest users?
Comment: Hi thanks @manjit5190 for your comment. I resolved this by adding a standardController in visualforce page. Thanks
Answer: There is a critical update called "Restrict Access to @AuraEnabled Apex Methods for Guest and Portal Users Based on User Profile".If you have this critical update enabled in your org then the guest users will not be able to access the @AuraEnabled apex classes unless you give the access on profile level.
Please refer the release notes to see the same for more information.


Launch Debian and Windows

Question: I have Debian. I want to run Windows on the same hard drive, but in separate partitions. I don't want to start my computer "DualBoot" (DualBoot is causing problems for the computer). what should I do?
Can I press a button (choose Windows partition) at boot and enter Windows?
Comment: "Dual boot" is the general term for having two operating systems.
Comment: The button to select would be your BIOS boot menu to do this. As user Panki is pointing out, having two different operating systems on one computer is a dual boot, whether they are on the same disk or not.
Answer: Even you did not describe any error niether a problem, I can judge it and try to advice.
First of all, there is no reason for dual boot, if you have hypervisor capable CPU/motherboard, while you can run MS-Windows OS in the Virtual Machine (VM). Running Debian Linux as the host OS gives you at least two systems for virtualisation. The Linux native KVM-Qemu or Qracle (SUN) VirtualBox. Those are reliable, stable and full featured virtualisers: VBox for beginers, KVM-Qemu gives more features and if well configured you can start VM on a single click. It must be said theat Debian is running as the host machine all the time, hence if running MS-Windows in VM you can anytime immediately switch to Debian and vice versa.
If you insist on DualBoot (= start alternatively either Debian either MS-Windows) you definitely must install the MS-Windows first, because if MS-Windows installer detect any other (namely Linux) OS, you cannot continue in installation. Also the Windows-boot-manager does not have the possibility to add any other non MS OS into it's "menu".
If you succesfully install MS-Windows into a sufficient partition on a disk, then you can start the installation of Debian Linux. Just before the end of installation the Grub bootloader is installed, it detects all other preinstalled OSes (MS-Windows in our case), and add them into it's boot menu.
In case of dual boot and namely while Debian Linux is already installed, I prefere to install the MS-Windows OS on a separated harddisk (while the HD with Debian is temporarily disconnected). After the installation of MS-W is finished, Connect the Debian HD back again, configure the BIOS (or UEFI) for boot Debian first, then in running Debian run update-grub as root what will detect the MS-Windows OS installed on the second HD and add the menuentry to the Grub boot menu.

Launch Debian and Windows


Color reduction (in Java)

Question: I would like to find a way to take JPEG (or GIF/PNG) images and reduce the amount of colors to e.g. 20. Could someone recommend some library or other reference? Also source codes in other languages are welcome.
Answer: Take a look at the Java Advanced Imaging API.  There are a number of algorithms implemented in that API for doing color reduction.
Answer: JAI (Java Advanced Imaging API) would do the work but it has some drawbacks.
The API is far from being easy to use, especially if you care about memory footprint...
IMHO Java is not the best platform for imaging tasks.
You might try ImageMagick, a wonderful command line tool, used by popular sites such as Flickr. You can integrate ImageMagick in your java application using the command line (Runtime.exec()) or Jmagick which a java bridge to ImageMagick
Answer: This seems like a simple implementation in java, based on ImageMagick:
http://gurge.com/amd/java/quantize/index.html
Answer: Look for algorithms on color quantization, especially median cut. You'll find many examples with those keywords. Libraries to do this for you include ImageMagick which has bindings for many languages. JMagick is the Java flavor.
Answer: Take a look at the image filters at http://www.jhlabs.com/ip/filters/index.html. The QuantizeFilter seems to do what you want.
Answer: JAI API is the way to go.  WIth today's JVM performance is very close to assembler code.  I know I've done it.

Color reduction (in Java)


How to determine the appropriate classification type in a graduated style choropleth map?

Question: I have to provide choropleth maps for for Energy savings, Emission savings, Cost Savings related to different administrative boundaries such as provinces and states, but I don't know which classification is more appropriate because my data for each province is separated from other parts and there is no link between the numbers. Any suggestion for how should I classify? I don't want to use equal intervals because the minimum is 20 and the maximum is 400 and there are few over 300 figures so equal intervals represent my data not in a good way, but about other methods such as jenks or deviation or quantile I have no idea!
Comment: Quantile is good, but you would have to make sense of "my data for each province is separated from other parts and there is no link between the numbers."  For example, if Province A has values between 0.1 and 0.9 which are unrelated to Province B's values of 10-99, the quantile map -- with percentiles determined across all the provinces -- will be meaningless.  Much better to get them on a common scale, even if you have to create some sort of index to do so.
Comment: Yes, you're right about quantile.  It's a way to make it look like "something is going on" if your data is fairly dull.  In Arc, and I assume in QGIS as below, you can actually slide those break lines around to get any division of classes you like, whatever looks pretty to you!
Comment: My intention is to show which province has the minimum and which one has the maximum energy savings and then show that the rest are, with varying degrees, in between, also, I have only 20 data, and from what I know, Quantile put the same number of data in each class. So, I decided not to use quantile and instead I used Jenks because It looked better when I tried all the methods. Am I wrong about quantiles? and also, how about pretty breaks?
Answer: I've been experiencing the same kind of problem. The solution that I worked out at the time was using the 'Histogram' option in Qgis. In this option you can manually determine the classification of your graduated map. You can slide the vertical line to the appropriate value.

It's actually a very handy tool to use, since you can also see how many features will be captured in one class. This way you will be able to represent your data in the most desired way. (I Hope!)
Comment: Do you mean that you got 20 different features? Not entirely sure what you mean with 20 data. The data might not be visual or the classification might not include them.
Comment: Thank you! This was very helpful actually. But one question, I have 20 data and when I load them in the histogram only 10 is shown. Is there something wrong, or it is always like this?
Comment: I just have 20 final result's number for the amount of  energy saved in each province in 2030 for example.
Comment: I can't edit my previous comment... by number I mean value. for example, I've calculated that the maximum energy saving would be 400 GWh and the minimum would be 1.5 GWh  among these 20 provinces.


Beginning a story in a bar, good or bad?

Question: Currently writing a novel about a man spiraling downward following a divorce, among other things. I want the reader to be grabbed by this man even though by all accounts he's a bit of an unsavory character (albeit as a result of his issues), I was considering beginning the story in a bar. Showing him within the proverbial pit but I feel like it's just such an overused beginning of stories surrounding similar issues. What is your opinion?
Answer: Starting in a bar is 'good' because anything can happen
Starting in a bar is maybe a cliché, but for good reason. No one needs an in-world excuse to be there. The power structures and interpersonal dynamics are quickly understood (and might be different outside the bar). Society-at-large can be represented as a microcosm in the patrons and staff, introducing politics or race/class divisions without story consequences.
Time and place, as well as economic conditions, can be signaled with a minimum of cues (the quality of liquor, the sobriety of the patrons, the music on the jukebox, etc). Specialty bars sometimes serve as de facto community centers for marginalized groups. There's no need to explain why these characters are co-existing at this location.
A reluctant MC doesn't need to chase the conflict. The inciting incident can happen in front of them so it doesn't need to be personal. We can meet a blank-slate protagonist through their actions, without touching their backstory or revealing their status in the world. Likewise, other characters can be introduced without prior connection to the MC.
Starting in a bar is 'bad' – but it can get worse
The MC may think this dive bar is the lowest they can go – they've hit rock bottom – but there are even lower tiers within easy reach. The dive bar's bathroom might be a new horror, or the alleyway. The MC might go home with someone, or try to prolong the bender with drugs at an afterhours. Their anonymous downslide might be exposed in the worst way, ending them in jail or otherwise jeopardizing their normal life.
Negative character arc cues like drinking alone in a dive bar can be excused/reversed because they are having a bad night or just passing through. Interactions with the bars other patrons can quickly give us cues about the MC's inherent morality. They can easily misread a situation with the excuse that they were temporarily incapacitated, or a fish-out-of-water (helping the wrong person, falling for a con, losing their wallet).
Comment: That's actually very interesting, I hadn't thought of it as a place to show the world through other non-story characters. It would give the reader a good feel for how the world works but also how the personality of the character is shown through his interactions (or lack thereof) with the other patrons. Thank you very much for your answer, it was very enlightening
Answer: If you think it would illustrate who your character is, I'd say go for it. Just twist something up a little bit to separate your story from the others with the same beginning (like don't make what happens in the bar go the same way, give the setting a slight quirk, or something). And if it's just too similar, maybe use a different setting that serves the same purpose. Maybe he drinks at home. Maybe he's wandering the streets after being at the bar. Anything that shows what kind of person he is/what state he is in. Only you can know. Have fun!
Comment: Thanks very much sir, sounds very promising and definitely has the gears spinning in my head about how it could go from there.
Comment: I'm glad you're happy with it. Also - not 'sir' xD I know you have no way of knowing that, I just find it amusing. Good luck!


Artifactory Delay

Question: As we noticed that with artifacts uploaded to Artifactory, they do not appear available via pip straight away. As minimum 5 minutes before they can be downloaded and installed via pip. It seems like they are not indexed straight away or waiting for some timeslot to do so. Could not find any configuration related to this which is not helpful.
Answer: I found this, which might be helpful to you:

When you upload many Pypi packages to the same repository within a close period of time the indexing does not happen immediately. It waits for a "quiet period" which can be adjusted. This can be done in the $ARTIFACTORY_HOME/etc/artifactory.system.properties file by setting the values of the artifactory.pypi.index.quietPeriodSecs and the artifactory.pypi.index.sleepMilliSecs properties to an amount of seconds that meets your needs. If those parameters do not exist, please add them to the file. You will need to restart Artifactory for this setting to take affect.

From what I can tell, if these values aren't in that file, both default to 60. Also sleepMilliSecs appears to be a number of seconds, not milliseconds as the name would suggest.
I believe how this works is, Artifactory waits for the repository to "settle", until there hasn't been any changes (deployed or removed packages) for at least quietPeriodSecs seconds. It will check for this every sleepMilliSecs seconds.

Five minutes seems like a long time. If you're making a series of changes with under a minute before each change, that might explain why it's taking a while. Also, the larger your repository is, the longer the indexing will take once it starts, so that might also be a factor.

Artifactory Delay


When is it OK to use an IORef?

Question: One thing that has always confused me is whether or not it's an okay time to use an IORef. Are there any guidelines that should be followed when deciding whether or not to use an IORef for a task? When is a good time to use the State monad over an IORef?
Comment: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10298664/avoiding-iorefs-in-pure-code
Answer: State and its relative ST both produce `monolithic' stateful computations which may be run as units. They basically treat the mutable state as intermediate data, which is needed to produce a result, but should not, in and of itself, be of interest to the rest of the programme.
On the other hand, what one puts inside an IORef is not a `computation' to be run -- it is just a box holding a simple value which may be used within IO in fairly arbitrary ways. This box may be put inside data structures, passed around the (IO portion of) the programme, have its contents replaced whenever its convenient, be closed over by a function etc. In fact, quite a lot of the messy nature of the variables and pointers of languages like C could be modelled with IORefs, providing great assistance to any expert C programmer wishing to uphold his / her reputation of being able to write C code in whatever language... This is something definitely to be used with care.
Still, it is at times extremely unwieldy, if not downright impossible, to isolate all interactions with a piece of mutable state in a single block of code -- some pieces of state simply must be passed around, put inside data structures etc. In such cases the box approach may be the only option. The chapter introducing mutable state of the Write Yourself a Scheme in 48 Hours tutorial (highly recommended, by the way) provides an example. (See the link for a nice discussion of why it is really most appropriate to use IORefs, as opposed to State or ST, to model Scheme environments in a certain design of a Scheme interpreter.)
In short, those environments need to be nested in arbitrary ways, maintained between instances of user interaction (a (define x 1) typed at the Scheme REPL should presumably result in the user being able later to type in x and get back 1 as the value), put inside objects modelling Scheme functions (since Scheme functions close over the environments they are created in) etc.
To summarise, I'd say that if a task seems at all well suited for it, State will tend to provide the cleanest solution. If multiple separate pieces of state are needed, perhaps ST can help. If, however, the stateful computation is unwieldy or impossible to lock up in its own piece of code, the state needs to persist in a modifiable form for a large part of the life of a complex programme etc., then IORefs may be just the appropriate thing.
Then again, if one needs the sort of mutable state which may be passed around and interacted with in controlled ways by IO code, why not check out STM and its TVars! They are much nicer in the presence of concurrency, so much so, in fact, as to make solving some concurrency-related tasks actually simple. This isn't really related to the question, though, so I'll resist to urge to elaborate. :-)
Comment: Very informative post. Thank you for taking the time to write this for me. <3
Comment: Also, don't take the non-upvotes personally. People upvote Dons just because he's dons. :p
Comment: Glad you liked it, thanks for letting me know. It's my first (somewhat) longer piece on Haskell and was quite fun to write. :-)
Comment: Just noticed that the way in which I remarked upon ST, even though it was just as short and tangential to the main point as the present version, really needed to be corrected... Which it now is. One musn't be sloppy about tangential remarks! :-) The actual discussion of the State vs IORef issue is entirely unaffected, though, and I still believe it to be correct.
Answer: Hmm. You'd use an IORef when you need some mutable state but are in a single threaded environment. Or when you want a mutable field inside a larger structure that is in turn held by a synchronization variable.
In general, use MVars. They have more robust semantics.
Answer: Personally, I'd say it's fine to use IORefs when and only when you're already using IO. Otherwise, always State, unless you need the superior performance of ST. It's possible to use multiple threads of state with the State monad, with a few helper functions – you just make the state a tuple or record, and define functions to set, get, or update each field separately.
In particular, there's not usually much point in using StateT s IO. If you're already in IO, you already have mutable state, so you might as well use it – ReaderT (IORef s) IO for example.
Comment: @BartekBanachewicz, there are actually good reasons to use `StateT s IO` sometimes. In particular, the compiler is often much better at optimizing it than at optimizing `IORef` usage. For example, you have a decent chance of getting an `Int` state unboxed with `StateT Int IO`, but you'll have to replace the `IORef` with a `PrimArray` or similar if you want a real unboxed mutable `Int`.
Comment: That opened my eyes a bit. For a beginner, `StateT s IO` was an obvious, and *obviously inferior* now, solution.
Comment: Isn't there a difference between `State`and `ST` that in `ST` the state is modified "in-place"?
Comment: @Alexey: Yes, `State` and `ST` are different, but both are capable of solving essentially the same problems.
Answer: I use STRef when the state is localized and do not require interaction with the environment.

When is it OK to use an IORef?


What makes Human a Conductor

Question: Conductors, are those which have free electrons... and because of this have same electric potential all over. But considering our body, which has many electrical voltage, current signals passing by in neurons, skeletal muscles(also the ones in heart creating dipole), etc, how are we being conductors... that is I meant, where are free charge originated in us.. Are just metal ions responsible for this ?
Comment: Once a current is flowing through them, they do not have the same electric potential all over. It is precisely the potential difference that drives the current.
Answer: Conduction is the transport of charge, and it doesn't matter what the charge carriers are. In metals the charge carriers are, as you say, the conduction electrons. However in electrolyte solutions like saline the conductors are hydrated ions like $\textrm{Na}^+$ and $\textrm{Cl}^-\;.$
As far as electricity is concerned our bodies are basically just dilute electrolytes, so the (rather low) conductivity of the human body is due to transport of ions.
You mention conduction in nerves. This is a bit of a special case because the main action of nerves is not to conduct electricity but to propagate changes in electrical potentials. Describing the mechanism by which nerves work would be off topic here but is easily Googled.
Comment: What I wanted to say is that there is always, potential difference in between any two points of skin, when measured... may be due to muscle activation, or something else unknown, then how can we be considered as conductors...(neglecting the one caused by EMF radiations).
Comment: @WupadrastaSantosh: In effect we contain lots of tiny batteries. So if you make a circuit that includes a human body your circuit has lots of batteries in it. This type of circuit conducts electricity just like any other circuit. You just need to add up the contribution to the EMF from all the batteries.
Comment: Cell membrane potential differences form batteries ?
Comment: @WupadrastaSantosh: a battery generates a potential difference by a [chemical reaction](http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/battery.html). Your cells develop chemical potentials by a chemical reaction (lots of different reactions in fact). So they're generating a potential difference in basically the same way.
Answer: Google it and you will get great answers for example :

PURE WATER DOES NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY. It's all the salts and impurities in it that cause it to carry current. Skin is actually a very good insulator as well so, relative to metal, humans aren't very good conductors. However, it is things such as the ionized water and whatnot that make up our body that do cause us to conduct.
Actually the body is not too good. That is the reason that you get a shock as your body is a resistance not in fact a pure condutor. If you get an ordinary electricity multimeter and test your restance from one hand to another you will see that it is in fact quite high. That is reason that you cannot feel 12volt. Now when the body surface is moist then you get a greater contact area and the body resistance will drop hence putting a battery across your toungue induces a tingle.
Humans are actually horrible conductors. The typical resistance of any human is about 6 Meg Ohms. Copper is only a few ohms (depending on the length). But we do conduct because we are 70% water, (though pure water wont conduct electricity either.)

Source : yahoo answers
Comment: Although be careful: once a path is established through the skin (essentially dead keratin layer), our conductivity, as sacks of hydrated ions, is not that bad at all. Very large currents can flow from hundreds of volts, low impedance sources. Sometime, if these currents are confined to muscles in the limbs, they feel sore and numb for a while, but don't give any real indication of a serious injury until gangrene shows itself.
Comment: Yahoo answers is flat out wrong. Pure water does conduct electricity, even though it is not a "good" conductor. The reason is that even in pure water there is a concentration of protons and hydroxyl ions. See the definition of pH.
Comment: @CuriousOne does it then follow that hot water conducts better than cold water, because the hotter, the more ions? And that high voltage is mainly needed to initiate the flow of current?
Comment: @Archimedix: The ion concentration of water at 100 degrees Celsius seems to be about 7 times higher than at 25 degrees, so I would expect the conductivity to be that much higher. It does not take a large voltage to make ionic conduction happen, but there are complex charged double-layer effects on electrodes and at high enough voltage there is electrolysis which causes a non-trivial voltage/current curve of electrochemical systems.

What makes Human a Conductor


partial derivative of multivariable function

Question: Let $f: \mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{R}^3$ be a differentiable function, and define $g: \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^3$ by $g(y,z) = f(1,y,z)$. Then how can one find $\dfrac{\partial g}{\partial y}$ and $\dfrac{\partial g}{\partial z}$?
Comment: in two words: chain rule! :)
Answer: Treat everything except the variable of integration as constants. For example, to find $\dfrac{\partial g}{\partial y}$, ignore everything and differentiate with respect to y (the same way you would differentiate a function like $f(y) = 3y^2$).


Why do my fresh fruit wine's finish with no body or flavor

Question: I've asked this question before and tried the only suggestion I received. My last batch of strawberry/peach was only marginally better by freezing the fruit prior to brewing. I do better using concentrate, but I don't know how to improve the body when brewing with concentrates. Grrrr, what am I missing
Comment: I don't usually do strawberry style country wines, but have you tried boiling the strawberries in water and then cooking the mix down to get a more intense strawberry flavor? Also I find that most average store bought strawberries have been increasing in size, yet decreasing in flavor and sweetness. I would highly recommend buying higher quality strawberries that taste good for this process as well.
Answer: In terms of body, you need a balance of acids, tannins, and sugars. If these three are balanced correctly, your wine will have better body. As for flavor, freezing the fruit is a good way to go, but I suggest lowering your water content to get more of the fruit in there, which will inevitably give you a stronger flavor. An increase in the sugar may also help find the flavors that you think the wine is lacking.
Answer: I read a article a few years ago, sorry can't recall citation, that stated ~70% of the flavour compunds in a wine are from the yeast and formed during fermentation, so my advice would be for flavour choose a different yeast.
The body of a wine comes from a few factors: residual sugar levels, acids, tannins, and your water chemistry.
Tannins
Strawberries and Peach are both low in tannins, so you may want to add some  a couple of cups of strong/stewed black tea to your next brew. The tea will provide the tannins that would usually come from with the skins of the fruits: grapes, apples, pears, plums, sloes, or from againg in oak. You could also try aging the wine is secondary on some home brew oak chips for a couple of weeks. You can also purchase grape tannis, and add these to the must at about 1 teaspoon per 5 litres. Can also add in rasins to the must.
Sugars
If the fruits you are using are rich in simple sugars then you will likely have very little sugar left at the end. This can lead to very flat feeling wines. You can up the pre ferementation sugar levels to ensure that when the alcohol tolerance for the yeast is reached there will be enough sugar left to give some body. You can do this by using more fruit to water, or adding sugar to the mix.
Yeast
There is a huge selection of wine yeasts on the market, select one that you know and like or one that is pair with a wine that you think would complemented by peaches and strawberries. Maybe a yeast like WyYeast: 4242 might help out with the falvour profile.
Water
If your water is low in Cholride ions, this can lessen the mouthfeel. Adding a tiny amount of common table salt to yhe wine post fermentation can sometimes radically alter the feel and flavour perception. We are talking tiny additions like 1g/5litres.
Acids
I like a blend of acids, malic, citric, lactic which I use to get the pH of the must to ~3.2. The acidty can greatly affect your perception of the other elements and also affect fermentation. Sorting out the pH can have a huge impact of your perception of the wine.
Recipe For Strawberry wine from C.J.J. Berry - First Steps in Winemaking p175
<code>2Kg - Strawberries
1.5kg - Sugar
1 teaspoon - Citric acid
1 teaspoon - Grape tannins
made up to 4.5 litres of must
yeast + nutrient
</code>
Answer: How much fruit do u use for a gallon? 3-4ibs, min. 3.
Mash the fruit, let it soak with sugar and pectinase, just covered with water in the fridge for a few days. Add juice from half a lemon.
You could consider, adding a cup of chopped Thompsons or golden raisins to soak along. Consider the yeast u use.


Which tank has the most bullet speed NATURALLY?

Question: I hate it when people steal my kills because my bullets aren't fast enough. But I like to save my points for damage, reload, and health upgrades, good for battles, and don't put much power into bullet speed. Which would be the tank with the highest base bullet speed?
Answer: The Sniper and its upgrades will have the most bullet Speed, with the important trait

The Sniper and its upgrades' Bullets do not slow down when travelling through obstacles (enemy Bullets, Polygons), which may be helpful for farming. From another side, a too high Bullet Speed might be the reason the Bullet will fail to deal the max amount of damage to small and strong Polygons like the Pentagon.

In addition, the Sniper gets a natural increase to bullet speed.

The Sniper has an increased field of vision, as well as increased Bullet Speed, Damage, and Penetration.

Upgrading into Assassin for more Bullet Speed

Upon upgrading, you receive:
  Increased field of view
  Increased Bullet Speed
  Decreased Reload (rate of fire)

And finishing with the Ranger

Upgrading from the Assassin to the Ranger passively increases Field of View, Bullet Speed and Bullet Penetration while decreasing Reload and Movement Speed

Empirically, I have done some testing in the sandbox and the Ranger shots cross the map in roughly 2.84 seconds, while the Predator Tank takes closer to 3.52 seconds, even when zoomed.
Comment: good answer. But what about predator's zoom: does it give increased bullet speed?
Comment: Based on my testing in the Sandbox, Predator Zoom does not increase bullet speed, and its bullets are slower than a ranger
Comment: tanks for telling me


No disk space after switching from B+ to 2 model B

Question: Before switching to the RPi 2 model B, I used the commands sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade. However, on using the new RPi 2 model B, it keeps saying no disk space left on device. I am using an 8GB SD card with Raspbian. Any help would be appreciated
Comment: Edit in the output from `df /`.
Comment: After searching through the filesystem more thoroughly, it appears the disk space issue may have been unrelated to the ugprade. My log files were taking up a lot of space, as well as a few other things.
Comment: That's a lot of logs to fill 8 GB.  If it has to do with the `journald` directory let me know, that thing can be horrendous and you should reconfigure it.  I can't tell you off the top of my head how but I could take a look later on.
Comment: You might wish to write up your comment up as an Answer (which/what log was a particular problem?) and "Accept" it - unless @goldilocks comes up with a better or more useful answer. Answering questions and accepting one for this Question will improve your *reputation* and open up more functionality on the Stack Exchange site for you.
Answer: You should try to have a look on the partition of your SD card.
You can do it from the Raspberry but the SD card should not be mounted or used for boot or OS to run.
Use a computer with Ubuntu distro with gparted, it's easier and quicker. Run
sudo apt-get install gparted

if you don't already have it.
Open gparted, select your SD (look at the top right).
You will see that you've free space and you can resize this partition. That works perfectly for me.
So in gparted select, unmount, resize and apply changes, and exit.
That works for me... twice!