Is there a more casual way of saying "beyond reproach, criticism"?

Question: Is there a more casual way of saying "beyond reproach, criticism"? When I hear "beyond reproach", I find it that it sounds way too formal, and not too informal enough. It sounds like something a British actor would say, but it doesn't sound great if you speak with friends. Is there a way more casual way of putting it?
Comment: What context would this be in? Referring to a person? Meant earnestly or with a little bit of sarcasm?
Answer: (All definitions below are from Merriam-Webster's Dictionary.)
For starters, there's irreproachable:

not reproachable : BLAMELESS, IMPECCABLE

There's also unimpeachable:

: not impeachable: such as
: reliable beyond a doubt
: not liable to accusation

If those are still too formal, perhaps untouchable:

: exempt from criticism or control
Comment: I'm not sure about "untouchable" but the others are good.  The problem is that they're at least as formal as "beyond reproach", and perhaps not really the answer blackbird is hoping for.


How to achieve this filter/action shown that will give the my pictures a cinematic/lively feel in Adobe Photoshop?

Question: The attached pictures below show two sample of the filter/effect that I want to achieve in Adobe Photoshop. Is this done through a Photoshop action or there is a particular set of steps that will lead to the effect in question? I tried achieving this by using a combination of brightness, levels, vibrance , saturation and etc but to no avail. (image showing the original and target indicates what I'm trying to achieve)
Answer: You could convert the image to a Smart Object, then apply the Adobe Camera Raw filter, and adjust the Basic settings as shown here:

Then go into Effects, and add a slight vignette like this:
Comment: Why a Smart Object? Just so you can change your mind without having to start over?
Comment: @Tetsujin Yeah I find it a very useful feature.  You can also layer up multiple filters once you  have a Smart Object, even add distortions/transforms non-destructively. You can also open and edit the Smart Object by double clicking the layer thumbnail, maybe do some retouching on the original, save and close the Smart Object, and the filters you added are still applied. It's great for making editable/reusable templates too. So many possibilities.
Comment: @Tetsujin Yeah, because using ACR  as a filter on a Smart Object is non destructive, so it can be tweaked later if desired.
Comment: Thanks. I'm going to have to get into that habit, it will save time long-term. It's one I've kind of just ignored/not bothered with, ever since it arrived.
Comment: Hi Billy, I followed the steps you provided and it worked like magic! Thanks for providing the essential steps such as converting to smart object as well, appreciate it!


Where is Oracle's (Sun's) JDK/JRE installed on Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion?

Question: Where does Oracle (Sun) install their JDK/JRE on Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion?
Answer: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/ according to the Mac JDK Uninstall Docs.
Comment: Only true for the JDK, the JRE is at `/Library/Internet\ Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/` as http://stackoverflow.com/a/21068094/461597 pointed out.
Comment: Are you running JDK 1.7 on Mountain Lion?
Comment: @AviramSegal: you've probably installed Java for OS X, which built and distributed by Apple, not the Oracle JRE/JDK.
Comment: You can also try `$(/usr/libexec/java_home)` which will dynamically find the path to your java installation. source: https://www.baeldung.com/java-home-on-windows-7-8-10-mac-os-x-linux
Comment: I see I got 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 but no 1.7
Answer: The Oracle Java SE downloads at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.html
install here on Maverick at least:
/Library/Internet\ Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/

this JRE is entirely separate from the ones that Apple has installed, which are under /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/ as another answer mentioned.
Answer: If you setting the JRE path in something like Eclipse you'll need to point to the /home directory i.e
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/<Replace with version>/Contents/Home
Answer: Some of the other answers might be correct but this is what worked for me (which is different and up to date as of January 2016) when installing it on a new computer at the office.
The path as mentioned in another answer is
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/<Replace with version>/Contents/Home

Here however is a visual guide to getting there, because you can find many directories named "Library". Make sure you are here

then click into JavaVirtualMachines

If you are doing a new setup and just downloaded Android studio, they might have sent you to "Download Java for OS X 2015-001" at https://support.apple.com/kb/dl1572?locale=en_US  That gives you version 1.6.0

That won't work!!!!
I got the error that I needed JDK 7.0 or newer.
I looked for a newer version and found this link from Oracle
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html

I installed it, then selected that one. And it worked
Answer: On my system, evaluating which java leads me to /usr/bin/java. This in turn is a symlink to:
/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/Current/Commands/java

In case it's relevant, java -version tells me I have 1.6.0_37 installed.
Comment: FYI, the Apple distributed Java for OS X ends up in /System/Library/Java
Comment: I have the same behavior. I'm trying to figure out how to go from the command `java` to the actual executable. I can find `/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/Current/Commands/java` the same way you did, but it is just an executable, not a symlink.
Answer: The JDK/JRE as mentioned in previous answers is located in /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/<version>/Contents/Home/. The JRE is dir under this Home.
Interestingly browsers doesn't use files from this location for java applet plugin. The location used by browsers is /Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/.
In fact if you run JRE installer, it updates the files in this location rather than JDK/JRE location.
Answer: Enough answers here, but I'm JUST adding a way to find it by yourself
$ sudo find / -name Java
/Library/Application Support/Oracle/Java
/Library/Java
/private/var/root/Library/Application Support/Oracle/Java
/System/Library/Java
/Users/prayagupd/Library/Application Support/Oracle/Java

To be more specific,
$ sudo find / -name jdk*
/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jre/jdk
/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/lib/jdkAnnotations.jar
/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/jre/jdk
/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/jdkAnnotations.jar
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_76.jdk

You see /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/ is the place you need to look inside.
And /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk<version>.jdk/Contents/Home/ is your JAVA_HOME
$ ls -ls /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_76.jdk/Contents/Home/
total 39776
    8 -rw-rw-r--   1 root  wheel      3339 Dec 18  2014 COPYRIGHT
    8 -rw-rw-r--   1 root  wheel        40 Dec 18  2014 LICENSE
    8 -rw-rw-r--   1 root  wheel       114 Dec 18  2014 README.html
  216 -rw-rw-r--   1 root  wheel    110114 Dec 17  2014 THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
  344 -rw-rw-r--   1 root  wheel    173559 Dec 18  2014 THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
    0 drwxrwxr-x  44 root  wheel      1496 Feb 28 20:13 bin
    0 drwxrwxr-x   9 root  wheel       306 Feb 28 20:13 db
    0 drwxrwxr-x   9 root  wheel       306 Feb 28 20:13 include
    0 drwxrwxr-x  10 root  wheel       340 Feb 28 20:13 jre
    0 drwxrwxr-x  14 root  wheel       476 Feb 28 20:13 lib
    0 drwxrwxr-x   5 root  wheel       170 Dec 18  2014 man
    8 -rw-rw-r--   1 root  wheel       502 Dec 18  2014 release
39184 -rw-rw-r--   1 root  wheel  20061067 Dec 18  2014 src.zip

Answer: The version 8 release from Oracle (1.8.0_40-b25) can be found at:
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_40.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java

FYI: Oracle is not following the practice of making /Library/Java/Current (etc) a link to the latest installed java.
Below is my method of keeping up with versions over time:  from my .zshrc file:
108 JAVA_6_HOME=/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Home
109 JAVA_7_HOME=/Library/Java/Current
110 JAVA_8_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_40.jdk/Contents/Home
111
112 export JAVA_6_HOME
113 export JAVA_7_HOME
114 export JAVA_8_HOME
115
116 export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_8_HOME
117
118 PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
119


Hamel basis and Banach spaces

Question: Suppose $X$ is a linear space and $X$ has a Hamel basis with uncountable number of  elements. Does there exist a norm on $X$ such that $X$ is a Banach space with respect to this norm?
Answer: I can answer this question when the cardinality $\lambda$ of Hamel basis of $X$ is not less than $\mathfrak{c}$.
For any infinite dimensional Banach space its cardinality and cardinality of its Hamel basis are equal. See theorem 3.5 from The cardinality of Hamel bases of Banach spaces by Lorenz Halbeisen , Norbert Hungerbühler.
Consider Banach space $\ell_\infty(\Lambda)$. Clearly $\operatorname{Card}(\ell_\infty(\lambda))=\lambda\times \operatorname{Card}(\mathbb{C})=\lambda$, so cardinalities of Hamel bases of $\ell_\infty(\lambda)$ and $X$ coincide. Therefore, there is  some linear isomorphism between $X$ and $\ell_\infty(\Lambda)$. This isomorphism induces complete norm on $X$.
Answer: The cardinality $\lambda$ of a Hamel basis of an infinite-dimensional Banach space always satisfies $\lambda^\omega =\lambda$. Choose your favourite uncountable cardinal without this property.
Comment: @ Tomasz Kania Kindly provide a reference

Hamel basis and Banach spaces


Where was the theater in Byzantium?

Question: As a Hellenistic city, there must have been a theater or maybe even an amphitheater in Byzantium, which would have also been present during the Constantinople era, but never have I seen or heard any such building apart from the Hippodrome. Is there any source regarding this building, if so do we know the location of it? Cheers!
Comment: I have come across the claim that theaters were constructed there in the 4th century (citing Gilbert Dagron, *Naissance d'une capital. Constantinople et ses institutions de 300 à 451.* Paris 1974) but that they fell out of use about two centuries later. I don't have access to Dagron's book to check what he has to say on the matter.
Answer: The book Roman Theatres: An Architectural Study, By Frank Sear on page 421 seems to mention no fewer than four theatres that were known to exist in Byzantium.

BYZANTIUM/CONSTANTINOPLE
(Istanbul, Turkey)
Location: four theatres are attested: the Theatrum Maius at edge of
the First Region; ruins discovered (1913), north-east of Old Seraglio,
belong to Theatrum Minus and so-called column of Claudius Gothicus
marks its centre; there is another theatre in the 14th Region; and
another theatre in the Sykai (Galata) district.

The book goes on specifying Remains that were located, Literature mentioning Byzantine theatres, as well as a Biography of other sources discussing these theatres. (These details are visible on the linked sample page so I won't reproduce them here)

A primary source, the Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae, "which was written during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II (probably in 447-450)", mentions the existence of both a theatre and an amphitheater in region two. You can see this document is the source for a Wikipedia article on the 14 regions of Constantinople. The description there for region two has the following concerning the theatres:

East of the Augustaion and downhill from Hagia Sophia and Hagia Irene
was the classical theatre (Latin: Theatrum Minus, lit. 'lesser
theatre').3 Near the old Byzantine acropolis was the amphitheatre
(Latin: Theatrum Maius, lit. 'greater theatre'), known also as the
Cynegion (Ancient Greek: Κυνήγιον) and which was probably eastward of
the acropolis, near the site of the kitchens of the Topkapı Palace.3
Both theatre and amphitheatre pre-existed Constantine's re-foundation
of the city.
Answer: As far as we know-(archaeologically and historically speaking), the Ancient, pre-Christian city of Byzantium, did not have a theater.  It is certainly within the realm of possibility....for example, on the Aegean island of Rhodes, there is one of the best preserved Ancient Greek stadiums, though there is also an equally well preserved Ancient Greek theater.  The ancient sacred site of Delphi also has a stadium and theater...so again, the existence of a theater alongside the famed in Hippodrome in Byzantium, is a possibility-(if archeologists are able to literally unearth it).
There almost certainly would not have been a Theater in Byzantium during the Medieval period-(that is to say, when Byzantium became, "Constantinople"), since it was the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius-(circa 400 AD/CE), who officially outlawed dramatic productions, oratories and festivities at The Theater...from his Palace in Constantinople.  The Greco-Roman Theater, according to Theodosius-(and the Byzantine Emperors who followed), was viewed as anachronistic, paganistic and Un-Christian.
Comment: I don't understand the reason for excessive downvoting here, would've been nice if they can add some comments as well. Maybe the lack of sources?

Where was the theater in Byzantium?


How do I track a GPS device that has no connectivity with an internet or cellular network?

Question: Are there any GPS devices that can be tracked in real-time WITHOUT the use of a SIM card ?
Or is there any possibility to track a GPS device which has lost the network signal ?
Assuming they can both send and receive sms and mine has internet connection ?
Something like every minute it checks, not need for a real time hard track but as good to know where to find her if she gets attacked.
I want to develop an app for it
Answer: That's a little confusing: No SIM = no SMS. No network = no connection = no communication. GPS is only a receiver, it does not send. That leaves binoculars as only tracking method then – which, besides, even works with devices not featuring GPS. As long as visual contact is possible, at least ;)
Apart from that, I guess we've got an XY problem here: "good to know where to find her if she gets attacked" › How do you know she's attacked? GPS alone won't tell you.
Maybe you're rather after Personal Protection solutions. There are some featuring an "emergency button" – and others with a "dead man's switch": the former sends out an alert when pushed, the latter sends one if not pushed within a given interval. If such an app is good, it figures what means of communication is available – and can broadcast an distress signal by all of them: Sending out SMS and mails including the coordinates (GPS or network based, whatever is available), posting on Twitter/Facebook, and even initiating calls to 911 (or whatever number you tell it to use).
One such app would be Watch Over Me, including most of those features: Track-Me function, Dead-Man-Switch; Real-Time recording; Email/Facebook, and more (on subscription even more again). For alternatives, simply follow the link to my list :)
Comment: Binoculars - loved it!
Answer: Your questions are a bit confused so I'll address what I think you're asking:
Many apps already exist that can "track" devices, even without a cell network. Airdroid and Lookout both come to mind but you can also do a search for any security apps that use a "find my phone" theft component.
True SMS (not over wifi) generally requires a SIM card. From wikipedia: "Though most SMS messages are mobile-to-mobile text messages, support for the service has expanded to include other mobile technologies, such as ANSI CDMA networks and Digital AMPS, as well as satellite and landline networks."
Answer: In order to be able to track the device, it must have one or more of the following1. Mobile network (and SIM card if it is GSM or LTE capable CDMA). GPRS or better for internet tracking. Must be SMS capable for SMS tracking.2. Wi-Fi3. Ethernet (yes, android supports this)


str_replace() for multiple value replacement

Question: Is there any possibility to use str_replace for multiple value replacement in a single line. For example i want to replace ' ' with '-' and '&' with '' ?
Comment: Does this answer your question? [How to replace multiple items from a text string in PHP?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9393885/how-to-replace-multiple-items-from-a-text-string-in-php)
Answer: str_replace() accepts arrays as arguments.
For example:
$subject = 'milk is white and contains sugar';
str_replace(array('sugar', 'milk'), array('sweet', 'white'), $subject);

In fact, the third argument can also be an array, so you can make multiple replacements in multiple values with a single str_replace() call.
For example:
$subject = array('milk contains sugar', 'sugar is white', 'sweet as sugar');
str_replace(array('sugar', 'milk'), array('sweet', 'white'), $subject);

As others have noted, this is clearly stated in the manual:

search
  The value being searched for, otherwise known as the needle. An array may be used to designate multiple needles.
replace
  The replacement value that replaces found search values. An array may be used to designate multiple replacements.
subject
  The string or array being searched and replaced on, otherwise known as the haystack.
Comment: Why is this answer not at the top? I almost wrote a `foreach` statement reading the above answers.
Comment: You might have selected to sort answers by date rather than by rating. Often that would give the most current and relevant answer, but it would also push down the highly rated or accepted answers.
Comment: This answer is the cat's pajamas that's all i'm saying
Answer: str_replace([' ','-','&'],'',$text);

Answer: $name = 'abcd';

I want to replace 'a' with '$' and 'b' with '!', so I need to write like this:
$str = ['a','b'];
$rplc =['$','!'];

echo str_replace($str,$rplc,$name);

output : $!cd
Comment: This answer was clearly not tested and is riddled with script-killing typos.  How did this answer receive any UVs?
Answer: Take note of the order of the arrays as it corresponds to the order.
Like for below, A is replaced with B, B with C and so on.. so there you go.
// Outputs F because A is replaced with B, then B is replaced with C, and so on...
// Finally E is replaced with F, because of left to right replacements.
$search  = array('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E');
$replace = array('B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F');
$subject = 'A';
echo str_replace($search, $replace, $subject);

// Outputs: apearpearle pear
// For the same reason mentioned above
$letters = array('a', 'p');
$fruit   = array('apple', 'pear');
$text    = 'a p';
$output  = str_replace($letters, $fruit, $text);
echo $output;
?>

source: PHP str_replace
Answer: You can create a symbols array consisting of various symbols that you want to replace and the array of replacements you want and finally call str_replace($symbols,$your_replacements_array_variable,$your_data_variable). Here is a snippet.
 $symbols=array(' ','!','"','#','$','%','&','\'','(',')','*','+',',','-','.','/',':',';','<','>','=','?','@','[',']','\\','^','_','{','}','|','~','`');
 $replacement=array('');// you can enter more replacements.

 $fTitle=str_replace($symbols,$replacement,$fTitle);

Answer: Simply you can use str_replace this way:
$string = "This code is neat & clear.";

str_replace([' ', '&'], ['-', ''], $string);

// Output will be "This-code-is-neat--clear."

Answer: This is how I did it to replace ' to '' so it doesn't break in SQL queries and " " with "" because people kept adding a space at the end of their emails:
$check = str_replace("'","''",$_POST['1']);
$checkbox1 = str_replace(" ","",$check);

For yours you could do this:
$check = str_replace("&","",$_POST['1']);
$checkbox1 = str_replace(" ","-",$check);

Answer: You can pass all those values which you did not want / or want to replace in an array and apply str_replace in the following form
$username='String here with anything';
$remove[] = "'";
$remove[] = '"';
$remove[] = "select";
$username = str_replace( $remove, "", $username );

Comment: you can make an array like this as well of the values you dont want /replace in string
    $replace_str = array('"', "'", ",");
Answer: When you want to replace different text strings with the same string (or no text - blank), you can use an array for the search object and a single string for the replacement.
$subject = 'milk XCVBN is white ZXCVB & contains QWERT sugar';
str_replace(array('QWERT ', 'XCVBN ', 'ZXCVB '), '', $subject);

returns:
milk is white & contains sugar

Answer: Yes with the help of str_replace function we can do multiple value replacement in a single line without array.Here is my code
echo str_replace(" ","-",str_replace("&","","I like Tea&Coffee"));


How does Homer conjugate φημί in the present?

Question: This would seem like an extremely basic question that one would just look up the answer to. However, there are literally dozens of forms of φημί in the present active indicative, and grammars don't always seem to agree on what are the epic or Homeric forms.
Answer: I went through the Project Perseus annotation of the Iliad and found the following conjugation for φημί in the present indicative active:

φημί
φῄς
φησίν, φασίν
φαμέν
φατέ
φασίν

Although Wiktionary lists φῇσθα as the 2s epic form, the Project Perseus folks seem always to have tagged this as subjunctive. Wiktionary lists φασίν as a 3p form, but it occurs in Homer as both singular and plural. When Homer wants to express the 3s, he seems to use φασίν about a third of the time. (Could it be that those are the times when  he needs a short vowel for meter? I haven't checked.)
Comment: Do you have examples of φασίν as 3sg.? According to Smyth (783D) the only Homeric pres. ind. act. form in addition to the usual Attic ones is φῇσθα. (I don't think there are dozens of forms, unless you include φάσκω.)
Comment: @TKR: Your questions are good ones. Project Perseus's tree bank lists many uses of φασιν as singular, but I haven't tracked them down to see the context. Perhaps they're confined to a particular idiom such as ουκ φεμι for "deny," or maybe they're arguably a plural verb used with a singular subject. Re dozens of forms, see https://logeion.uchicago.edu/morpho/%CF%86%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF , although many of these are just differences in accentuation or elision. U Chicago Morpho does also list φασιν as a singular form, although I don't know where they get their data -- possibly Perseus.
Comment: Morpho lists 42 forms in the present indicative active. Ignoring differences in accentuation, and taking forms like φας'/φασι/φασιν to be the same when used for the same number and person, I count 14 forms, which is still a lot more than the expected number. Re φῇσθα, this is discussed in the answer.
Comment: Some of those are Doric forms: φαμί, φατί, φαντί. Other than those, putting aside accent/elision/nu-mobile differences, I think there are only the seven you list in the answer (except that φῄς is sometimes written without iota subscript). BTW I haven't used the Perseus tree bank much -- is there a list somewhere of the purported 3sg. uses of φασιν?


Can I hook up a dryer to the gas line in my kitchen that the stove is using?

Question: I recently moved and my sister gave me a washer and dryer.  It's a gas dryer and I found out that my basement doesn't have a gas line.  I have a gas line in the kitchen that the stove is using. Is it possible to safely get a splitter and run one hose to the stove and the other to the dryer?
Comment: Possibly you have to make sure the added demand of a dryer on that line is not greater than it can supply.   Are you talking natural gas or propane (LP) gas?
Comment: It's natural gas
Comment: Once again, location is an important factor in answering. But I doubt many (any?)  places allow anyone not qualified to mess with gas . Yes, you are probably capable of doing it, but any problems, and the authorities and maybe your house, will be down on you like a ton of bricks. Let alone an invalid insurance. For good reasons.
Comment: if it is not in the basement, where does it comes in ?
Answer: I have a natural gas dryer.
I called a gas fitter to run a new line for me.  I mentioned that in the future, I want to add a natural gas firepit, bbq, and range .  I was told that he had to calculate everything as though I was running at the same time and then install lines to suit that.  Also required a manifold to be installed.  It cost a lot more to do it this way, instead of just hooking up a new line for the dryer only, but now I'm ready to expand and won't need this all redone.
Answer: You need to check your local codes. I wouldn't be running any hoses for any great distances. I'd extend the line with galvanized steel or black steel piping and tee off to the stove and dryer with shutoff valves. Many locations do not allow homeowners to install or modify their gas lines. Many gas companies will come out and hook up your new appliances for little or no cost and they'll also check the rest of your installation.
Comment: The lines won't me long at all. The line is by a window and they would be both near one another.
Answer: The best solution would be install a new gas approved pipe or upsize the existing before branching out. I will take a SWAG and say it is currently 1/2 black pipe. Do not use galvanized pipe for gas, it is against code in many areas. Why because of the galvanized coating (zink). Over time pieces will flake off and clog your gas regulators and burner units. I would suggest not mixing galvanized and black iron or where they touch corrosion will possibly be accelerated.
Answer: By "splitter" you presumably mean something outside the wall in the kitchen.  This should not be done.  The gas connection to your range is likely sized for just the range.  If you were to install a dryer too, the two appliances would draw gas at an excessive rate when running together.
Despite best intentions, you inevitably will run them together one day, and the gas pressure drop from the higher draw, or draught, or flow, could cause poor combustion in the dryer and unsatisfactory operation of the range.
Doing laundry is important so it is well worth your while to have a proper gas line and exhaust vent installed in your basement and locate the dryer next to the washer.  You might spend some time walking around the house to determine where the gas line enters and to assess your options, possibly running the gas plumbing attached to the floor joists.  Of course, if you DIY this you should use black iron pipe or flexible yellow gas piping.  You might also look for a friendly gas plumber who would be willing to let you do the bulk of the pipe installation labor; let him/her inspect it and perform the final cut-in and water testing for you so you can sleep well at night.
Also you might someday sell the place.  Records show no permit was pulled, no contractor did the work.  Suppose there's a gas explosion with a fatality even decades from now. Be assured:  the next-of-kin will find you.


ImportError: [libraryname].so: undefined symbol: [function name]

Question: I'm extending my Python program with a C module that uses the GstPhotography interface for GStreamer. My C module compiles fine, but when I try running it from Python, I get this error:
<code>$python Program.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "Program.py", line 10, in <module>
     import MyPythonClass
   File "/path/MyPythonClass.py", line 19, in <module>
     import my_c_module
ImportError: /path/my_c_module.so: undefined symbol: gst_photography_get_type
</code>
I'm not really sure what this means, because I never use gst_photography_get_type in my_c_module.cpp--it's a function implemented in the GstPhotography source code.
Answer: It means that you didn't link against enough libraries, either because it wasn't indicated in the pkgconfig file, or you didn't refer to the pkgconfig file in the first place.


Which topology textbook has the greatest amount of ancillary support available on the Internet?

Question: I'm considering to begin upon the study of topology and am wondering which book would the best option. I've even started reading Munkres and G. F. Simmons, but the problem is neither book has any "Answers" section at the back to enable me to double-check my work against someone else's, especially, for example, when I'm required to find out whether two sets are equal or which one is properly contained in the other.
So which textbook on topology has got the most amount of ancilliary support---in the form of solutions to exercises, videos, or lecture notes---available on the internet?
I know that the MIT OCW features a course based on Munkres. What else? What other institution offer similar support material on this book?
Answer: This may not answer your question, but here's the solution to Munkres's text.
http://dbfin.com/topology/munkres/


Why perfect square has odd number of factors

Question: can someone please describe me why only the perfect square has odd number of factors.why does other number not has odd numbers of factors? I understand it but don't find any mathmetical proof.Please help me
Answer: For a given number $n$ we can group its divisors in pairs $(d,\frac nd)$, except that if $n=m^2$ this would pair $m$ with itself.
Comment: please explain briefly
Comment: @FRM, I strongly recommend you write out examples. For this sort of mathematics, thinking about examples and non-examples is highly illuminating and will generally lead you to understand the proof.
Answer: You can always list the factors of a number, N, into pairs $(a_i,b_i)$ where $a_i \le \sqrt N \le b_i$. This means that a number will always have an even number of factors, unless the number is a perfect square, in which case one pair will consists of the same two numbers. The two examples below should demonstrate why.
\begin{align}
    \text{factors} &\;  \text{of $36 = 6^2$} \\
    \hline
    1 &,\, 36 \\
    2 &,\, 18 \\
    3 &,\, 12 \\
    4 &,\, 9 \\
    6 &,\, 6 & \text{A total of $9$ factors} \\
    \hline
\end{align}
\begin{align}
    \text{factors} &\;  \text{of $12$ } \\
    \hline
    1 &, 12 \\
    2 &, 6 \\
    3 &, 4 & \text{A total of $6$ factors} \\
    \hline
\end{align}
Answer: I agree that it is counter-intuitive. The catch is that when "Factors" is written, generally what is actually meant is "unique factors". Therefor if a number is a perfect square, it will have an even number of total factors, but odd number of UNIQUE factors, which is what is truly meant.
E.g. 36: 1x36, 2x18, 3x12, 4x9, 6x6 - 10 total numbers but only 9 unique ones. For fun we just decide to ignore the second '6'.
Hope that helps.
Answer: Well, without the square root, the square no. would be even. Since the square root is multiplied by itself, then there is only 1 more factor, not 2.
Example: 64. Has 6 factors (excluding 8 (squared)). With 8, there is now 7 factors... but not eight because the root (in this case, 8) will be repeated, and there is simply no point in repeating it.
I hope your question is answered! :)


What is the significance of Aeron Greyjoy's iron hinge?

Question: During his chapters in AFFC, why does Aeron Greyjoy (the Damphair) have recurring memories and nightmares of a door with screeching iron hinges?
Answer: There is no canonical answer that I know of, but a prevailing fan theory is that Euron, his brother, abused him. The iron hinges remind him of nighttime visits.
Comment: Not official canon, but the preview chapters of *Winds of Winter* make a stronger case for this.
Answer: The hinges screaming seems to be related to his brother Euron coming in the night to visit him.

That man is dead. Aeron had drowned and been reborn from the sea, the god's own prophet. No mortal man could frighten him, no more than the darkness could . . . nor memories, the bones of the soul. The sound of a door opening, the scream of a rusted iron hinge. Euron has come again. It did not matter. He was the Damphair priest, beloved of the god.
A Feast for Crows, The Prophet

The mutes and mongrels from the Silence threw open Euron's chests and spilled out his gifts before the captains and the kings. Then it was Hotho Harlaw the priest heard, as he filled his hands with gold. Gorold Goodbrother shouted out as well, and Erik Anvil-Breaker. "EURON! EURON! EURON!" The cry swelled, became a roar. "EURON! EURON! CROW'S EYE! EURON KING!" It rolled up Nagga's hill, like the Storm God rattling the clouds. "EURON! EURON! EURON! EURON! EURON! EURON!"
  Even a priest may doubt. Even a prophet may know terror. Aeron Damphair reached within himself for his god and discovered only silence. As a thousand voices shouted out his brother's name, all he could hear was the scream of a rusted iron hinge.
A Feast for Crows, The Drowned Man

There's nothing beyond this to tell us what the hinge represents apart from him being scared of Euron. A fan theory is that Euron molested him as a child but as of yet nothing has been revealed. For more information on the theory see this A Forum of Ice and Fire post which has people arguing on either side of the fence.


Existence of Jungian archetypes

Question: I can't seem to make sense of any of the summary definitions of an archetype according to Jung.
Has a consise, consistent definition been given anywhere?
Comment: It might make more sense to ask this on the psychology SE unless that didn't get the results you were looking for.  https://psychology.stackexchange.com/
Answer: This may help, hope so :

The second use of archetype comes from the analytical psychology of C.
  G. Jung (1875-1961) and his theories of the "collective unconscious."5 For
  Jung, an individual has not only the ego and personal unconscious that
  Sigmund Freud demonstrated, but also a "collective" unconscious. The
  "collective" unconscious contains memories, imprints, and modes of
  human development and behavior conditioned by mankind's entire history. Jung argues that this collective unconscious manifests itself in the
  affairs of individuals by means of primordial images or patterns of psychic
  activities, which he calls "archetypes." Among the most important
  archetypes are God; the savior-redeemer; the hero; the mother; the father;
  the miraculous child; the shadow; the old wise man; the anima and the
  animus; and the self. According to Jung, an archetype is a psychic
  phenomenon, not a visible, tangible thing. Indeed, no one has ever directly
  confronted an archetype, since archetypal psychic activity introduces into
  human life only the traces, or "footprints," of the archetype. In Jungian
  psychology, archetypes manifest themselves by means of concrete,
  sensuously apprehensible* forms, which he calls "images of the archetypes."
  Such images are frequently revealed in dreams, folklore, fairy tales, myths,
  art, literature, and even in popular culture. Strange beasts and myth characters in dreams, heroes and heroines in tales and stories, and figures
  such as Superman, Tarzan, and Dirty Harry in popular culture are tangible
  instances of what Jung terms manifest images of archetypal activity.
If we say, for example, "The motion-picture character Shane is the
  archetype of the hero," then we are probably using the term in its Jungian
  context. Similarly, if we say, "In World War II Winston Churchill
  awakened in Englishmen the image of the hero as warrior-crusader," we are
  likely invoking Jung's theory of archetypes. If, however, we say, "In World
  War II Winston Churchill became the archetype of the wartime prime
  minister," we are using tthe term to denote model or prototype.

Source : Joseph K. Davis, 'IMAGE, SYMBOL, AND ARCHETYPE: DEFINITIONS AND USES', Interpretations, Vol. 16, No. 1 (FALL 1985), pp. 28-29.
['Sensuously apprehensible' just means perceptible by or through the senses.]

Existence of Jungian archetypes


UV menu dissapears after clicking off of it

Question: whenever you add something like a cylinder or a UV sphere, a menu pops up at the bottom that lets you change things like number of faces and such. But as soon as you click off of it that menu disappears, how do you get it back or where is that menu after clicking off?
Comment: Press F9 to bring it back
Answer: That menu is there to help you define the parameters of the object, however, once you move or edit it, that object will no longer be able to be defined. Any action you take on the object, including a simple move or clicking to another object, counts as an edit to the system and stops it from being defined.
It's a catch all mechanism.


Non-Abelian simple group of order $120$

Question: Let's assume that there exists simple non-Abelian group $G$ of order $120$. How can I show that $G$ is isomorphic to some subgroup of $A_6$?
Answer: Hint: How many Sylow 5-subgroups will $G$ have? Do you know of a way $G$ acts on them?
Comment: Good! So if $X$ is the set of Sylow 5-subgroups, then conjugation action gives you a group homomorphism from $G$ to $S_n$, where $n=|X|$. Can you work with that?
Comment: Great! If you can complete the argument, I would encourage you to type your solution as an answer to this question. Then the rest of us can comment on it and upvote it. You get more feedback that way. You can also accept that answer. It is not clear that a hint like this should be the accepted answer, for the readers who join the party later may benefit more from a full solution.
Comment: I know that G acts on them by conjugation, but that's all :(
Comment: Yes, I think I can. Thanks a lot :)
Comment: No problem :) When I get complete solution, it will be posted
Answer: A group of order 120 can not be simple. Let's assume that there exists simple non-abelian group $G$ of order 120. Then we know the number Sylow 5-subgroups of $G$ is 6. Hence, the index of $N_{G}(P)$ in $G$ is 6 ($P$ is a Sylow 5-subgroup of $G$). Now there exists a monomorphism  $\phi$ of $G$ to $S_{6}$. We claim that $\operatorname{Im\phi}\leq A_{6}$. Otherwise $\operatorname{Im\phi}$ has an odd permutation and so $G$ has a normal subgroup of index 2, a contradiction.  Hence,  $G\cong \operatorname{Im(\phi)}\leq A_{6}$.
Answer: Suppose for the sake of contradiction that your group $G$ of order $120$ is simple. Note that $120=2^3\times3\times5$. By the third Sylow theorem, the number of Sylow $5$-subgroups of $G$ must divide $120$ and be congruent to $1 \pmod{5}$, so there can be either $1$ or $6$ Sylow $5$-subgroups. But if there is only $1$, then it'll be normal in $G$ contradicting $G$ being simple. So there must be $6$ Sylow $5$-subgroups. Let $X$ denote this set of Sylow $5$-subgroups. By the second Sylow theorem, $G$ acts on this set $X$ by conjugation, permuting the subgroups. This action gives us a map $\varphi\colon G \to S_6$ with each $g\in G$ being sent to the permutation that describes its action on $X$. But again, if $G$ is simple and doesn't have a normal subgroup then $\mathrm{Ker}(\varphi)$ must be trivial, and $\varphi$ must be injective, telling us $G \cong \mathrm{Im}(\varphi) < S_6$.
But we can strengthen this and say $G \cong \mathrm{Im}(\varphi) < A_6$. Recall that for $H < S_n$ either $H < A_n$ or exactly half of the elements of $H$ are contained in $A_n$. But in the latter case $\mathrm{Im}(\varphi) \cap A_n$ would be an index $2$ subgroup, and index $2$ subgroups are normal subgroups, contradicting $G \cong \mathrm{Im}(\varphi)$ being simple. So we have $G \cong \mathrm{Im}(\varphi) < A_6$.
Now since $|A_6| = 6\times5\times4\times3 = 360$, $\mathrm{Im}(\varphi)$ will be an index three subgroup of $A_6$. Using the same trick as in the first paragraph, $A_6$ will act on the set of left cosets $A_6 / \mathrm{Im}(\varphi)$ and we'll get a nonzero homomorphism $A_6 \to S_3$. But $A_6$ is bigger than $S_3$, so this homomorphism has a nontrivial kernel, which will be a normal subgroup of $A_6$. We know $A_6$ is simple though, so this is our contradiction. $\Rightarrow\!\Leftarrow
$

Non-Abelian simple group of order $120$


What is the difference between with or without legato in singing?

Question: In singing specially classic music, what is the difference between when the legato is written and when it's not they all sound the same connected line?
Comment: I would not assume that a lack of legato phrasing marks imply staccato.
Answer: The purpose of legato is to run one note into the next, without separation between them. Usually in singing this occurs most prominently in 'melismas' which are points when a single syllable is sung across multiple notes.
While there has to be some separation between syllables, you can still sing in a legato way, in which the gap between notes is reduced, and you sing in a flowing, joined-up way.
If it helps, the opposite is staccato, where the start of each note is emphasized and there's almost a gap for a breath between each note. Legato is as flowing and smooth a way as possible.
There's a bit of a more standard answer in the wikipedia page for legato (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legato):

In classical singing, legato means a string of sustained vowels with minimal interruption from consonants.

It also notes that for classical singing, legato is a default state, if you're not told to emphasize the attack part of notes, you run phrases together.

In Western Classical vocal music, singers generally use it on any phrase without explicit articulation marks
Comment: so does that give the singer the free to cut through a phrase without slur to breath for example or make an impression specially in opera? and thanks a lot
Comment: As a rule, try to breathe between phrases. Breathe deeply and portion the breath out to get through it (this improves with practise). If you need to break up a phrase, look for low-impact points to take a short "snatch breath"


what are audio recording formats/types?

Question: i am working on my final year project at the university. I am implementing AI on my project in baby crying detection. the problem is that i am recording live audio using max9814 which gives values from 0 to 500 approx and 250 as center value. when i takes values from pre recorded audio of baby crying, then i use two different libraries in AI python. one library gives values from -0.8 to 1.03 in this range. and other one gives -25000 to +25000 range values. So i don't know how to convert values from one range to the second range accurately. because i don't know what type of audio i am dealing with. and the above provided ranges are not proper because baby crying audios don't have a very loud sound so that the values hit its peak and i can know correct range. So what i want is to convert one type of values to another type. lets say i want all values to be in the range from -1 to 1. Kindly help if you have any information regarding this. thankyou! :)
Answer: It seems to me you have a long way to go. I will try to fill in some of that. Some it you will already know but bear with me.
Sound is:

change in air pressure, positiv and negative
change over time

The way to work with this in a "computer" is by sampling the value often enough. In music recording we might select to sample 48000 times per second. Each sample will show the difference in pressure, positive or negative.
To make it simpler to discuss and work with, we might look at these values as a range from (almost) -1.0 up to (almost) +1.0. The mean value looked over a longer time is zero.
If you download a sound program, say Audacity that is free, you may look at these samples as a wave form. Audacity also allows you to modify the sound: amplify it, filter or eq frequencies, compress or otherwise alter the sound. I highly suggest you test something like this on your computer.
In order to do something with a sound one single sample is meaningless in itself. We need to take a number of samples and look at them together. One thing we could do is to check the "sound level". This can be done by looking at a number of samples and measure the difference between the largest (+0.xxx) and smallest (-0.xxx). In audio we generally express this loudness in dBFS. 0dBFS (FS here is Full Scael) is maximum value and smaller signals could be as example -20dB.
Another thing we could do with the signal is to look at what frequencies of signals it contains. Note that this probably changes all the time. The function we use is called Fourier transform. Often we use a program "short-cut" known as FFT for Fast-Forier-Transform.
My guess is that the first step with your samples 0 to 500 is to change it into range -1.0 to +1.0. Simplest is to outvalue = (invalue -250) / 250.
The rest is, as they said in some books, left to the reader.

what are audio recording formats/types?


I noticed this spacing on floor behind stove, seal it?

Question: I noticed this spacing behind the stove, on the floor between wall and floor.  Is this normal? Should I seal it with something?
Answer: Yes it is normal and no, you don't need to seal it.  There's always a space between the floor and wall, but in finished parts of your house, there is baseboard that will cover it.  If you want to spend money on baseboard behind your stove, go for it, but it serves no purpose other than aesthetics.
Answer: As Steven mentioned, it's normal. That's a gap to prevent water on the floor or in your slab or foundation walls wicking up into the (moisture-sensitive) paper-faced drywall. There's only one reason you'd want to seal it up: if it's a path for air infiltration or exfiltration through the wall. If you discover that this is the case, you can seal it with a high-quality silicone caulk. Don't use drywall filler or spackle (they'll wick water) or spray foam (it's flammable and this is behind a stove).


Fining beer with gelatine in the keg

Question: I plan to fine my beer in the keg with gelatine. I read that there will be some trub that sinks to the bottom and will come out in the first few pints. Is this "trubbie" beer drinkable/representative of the rest of the keg?
Answer: It's "drinkable" but you're drinking the stuff you went through effort to remove with gelatin. I'd recommend pouring it out. It won't hurt you although some folks say drinking lots of yeast makes them a bit..eh..gassy.
The beer should clear up after the first few pints are poured off (2-4) and get clearer for a few days until it's nearly perfectly clear.
Answer: I tend to find that with care, you don't get this crud coming out as long as your tap is an inch off the bottom. There might be some in the tap the first time you pour any but I don't have issues otherwise. You don't want to be moving the keg!
It should be obvious if you are getting it, as the beer won't be clear. Maybe you drink that part yourself to get the keg 'ready for sharing' until it runs clear ;)
Answer: I recommend fining with geletin in the secondary for a few days (at cold temps) and then transferring to the keg. Must less trub poured. As an example, maybe 1/4 to 1/2 of the glass when the keg is tapped. Dump it and then drink clear homebrew until the keg is empty.

Fining beer with gelatine in the keg


Show that A** subset of A*, where A is a regular language

Question: I do not understand the proof for this. I know that every word in $(A^*)^*$ is made up of words from $A^*$, and that this is made up from words in $A$. But how does this help with showing that $(A^*)^*$ is a subset of $A^*$.
Comment: Have you tried applying the *definition* of the Kleene star on both sides?
Answer: Knowing that $A$ is regular is not relevant.
Hint. Just replace "made up of words of $A^*$" by "is a concatenation of words of $A^*$" in your sentence and you will have the answer.
Comment: Sorry but this still just doesn't make sense to me. How does knowing that A** is a concatenation of words of A* tell me that A** is a subset of A*?
Answer: A concatenation of words of $A^*$ gives a word which is in $A^*$, because of the very definition of $A^*$. This gives the result.
Moreover, one can prove that $^*$ is a closure operator, which includes this property.


CVS SVN Git, What should I use for a project?

Question: I have never created a project using these, i had once used CVS for a project and it was greatly simple, just change or add things and commit them. Now i have written some project and i want those sources to be published and changed through the ways i mentioned above. I have created a github account but Git seemed too complicated for me, created one sourceforge account but i couldn't find how to create CVS project. So i am really stuck. So I need help. As I told, CVS was really simple, can you explain me how to create a CVS project and upload my whole project on it ?
Comment: CVS is completely obsolete. Use SVN or Git, and take some time to learn how to use it. It's not that complex. If you don't want to learn, then, well, software development is a job where you have to constantly learn...
Comment: It's starting a flame war, but ... Use Git :) You get used to it.
Comment: thanks for recommendation, i decided to use svn. i have just seen it is installable on sourceforge, so i installed it. now i have to deal with permission things
Answer: Use a Distributed Version Control System (DVCS). I don't particularly care which one. I prefer Git; others prefer Mercurial; still others prefer Bazaar; and there are other options.
The advantages of DVCS systems over centralized version control systems (a la CVS or SVN) has been exhaustively documented all over the place. It's actually difficult to avoid stumbling across these posts, many of which say things like, "there are almost no disadvantages to using a distributed version control system over a centralized one."
Of course, "almost no" doesn't mean "precisely zero". There are disadvantages if you use large binary files or have an extremely long commit history. All the same, it doesn't sound like you're writing for an enterprise and likely won't encounter these problems.
Personal projects are perfect forays into DVCS. Documentation is rich. User communities are strong. Many authors of open source projects on your side.
In sum: Hop in. The water's fine.
Answer: You've overlooked another possibility, which is Mercurial.  It's a distributed version control system like Git, but simpler to use.
Comment: DVCSes like git / mercurial (hg) / bazarr (bzr) are probably the way to go.
Answer: DVCSes like git / mercurial (hg) / bazaar (bzr) are probably the way to go.
However, they have one big drawback wrt CVS and SVN: most DVCS, as of 2013, do not really support checkin and checkout.  Many have partial rep work-in-progress, but sometimes have kluges such as copying the whole history and then checking out only a subtree.  (Whereas what you want is to clone a partial history as well as a partial working tree.)
With CVS you can do partial checkin and checkout, simply by checking out a subdirectory.
SVN makes it even easier, arguably.
With CVS, you can create a single workspace out of multiple repositories by by arranging symlinks to different filesystem repos, and/or by checking out network repos, so that you can check in all changes to wherever they belong as one command.
SVN imports make this even easier.
Again, DVCSes are beginning to do this, but the support is clunky to say the least.
Overall, I recommend using a modern DVCS, but it is worth noting that there are certain usage models that modern DVCSes, as of 2013, just don't understand.
Worse, many DVCS developers simply don't understand these usage models - although I will note that I mentioned my problem to Linus once, and after he asked a few questions he said "Yes, I understand what you want; git doesn't do that; you should add it as porcelain."
The main usage model: when your project boundaries are fluid.  You are starting out code that quite likely eventually will go into a library for reuse in other projects - and you are constantly moving files around.    And where you don't want those other projects to have to get the full history.
My home directory is like this: many libraries that I reuse partially.  But I seldom want my whole home directory tree cloned at a new site, just a subset that depends on what I am working on.


What is the best learning path for quantum computing?

Question: Looking for a starter point for a professional training as a Quantum Computer programmer. Is a master in Computer Science XOR Applied Physics a good starting point?
Comment: It would depend on what you would want to do. CS for the theoretical and algorithmic part. AP for the hardware side is necessary.
Comment: @Jonathcraft, in the current state of things, the best way to succeed in quantum computing is to have a heavy background in physics. You'll need to get a PhD in applied physics or physics (possibly computers science or chemistry if specifically find a university with professors who do this stuff and they think it's likely you can work for them).  I wouldn't worry about computer science at all unless you find a professor that specifically wants you to learn it - and I wouldn't go too hard into "applied physics" either as that's mostly engineers.
Comment: I don't think you really need to study much physics at all unless you want to work on the hardware side of things... in which case, it's a must. If you want to write algorithms for quantum computers then you need to understand the fundamentals which means a very strong background in linear algebra. Then you want to start thinking about more how the more CS stuff fits in. That being said most of the interesting things one hopes to do on a near term q-device are algorithms related to fundamental physics and chemistry...
Answer: From my experience, the best entry point to learning Quantum Computing is working through Nielsen and Chuang.  This book is a phenomenal introduction to the core concepts in quantum computing, and assumes very little from the reader except "mathematical maturity."  Even if you're planning to start a graduate program, I would recommend working through this book during the admissions process.
If you're looking for a graduate program, there are programs forming that are specifically focused on QC and related technologies.  If QC programming is your goal, I would suggest finding a school that is investing heavily in building a QC department.
The schools that I've seen first hand that are deeply invested in quantum computing education are CalTech, MIT, Univ. Chicago, UT Austin, Univ. Maryland, Duke and Berkeley;  outside the US, Univ. of New South Wales in Australia, and TU Delft in the Netherlands.
New options requiring less commitment than graduate school are also becoming available, like Chicago's Quantum Certificate Program and MIT's QC Fundamentals Course.  The government (mostly DOE and NSF) is also now investing heavily in developing a quantum workforce (see, e.g. here, and here), largely to ensure we're competitive with China.  There may be opportunities to get your training subsidized by Uncle Sam.


Components of Kontsevich moduli space of stable maps and multiple covers

Question: Let $X\subset \mathbb P^n$ be a smooth projective variety over $\mathbb C$ which is Fano and $M_{0,0}(X,e)$ the (projective) Kontsevich moduli space of rational cuves of degree $e>1$. Is it possible (are there examples) for an open subset of $M_{0,0}(X,e)$ to pametrize $e$-fold covers of lines of $X$?
Answer: Yes, this happens for Del Pezzo surfaces, already for $X=\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{P}^1$ embedded in $\mathbb{P}^3$ as a smooth quadric surface.  If you want an example where $\text{Pic}(X)\cong \mathbb{Z}$, this happens for every smooth cubic hypersurface $X$ in $\mathbb{P}^4$.
More generally, this will happen for all Fano manifolds that have "pseudo-index" equal to $1$ or $2$, i.e., for all Fano manifolds that contain a rational curve in $X$ whose anticanonical degree equals $1$ or $2$.  This is one reason that some papers in this area include a hypothesis that the pseudo-index is at least $3$.  That is also the reason that the recent theorem of Riedl-Yang on Kontsevich spaces of Fano hypersurfaces of index $>2$ is the best possible result.
Kontsevich spaces of rational curves on Fano hypersurfaces
Eric Riedl, David Yang
http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.3802
Edit.  Since user3001 mentioned my thesis, here is a link to my thesis.  http://www.math.stonybrook.edu/~jstarr/j8.pdf
Comment: Thank you very much (for the second example, theorem 62 in your thesis).
Comment: Yes, in my thesis I proved that the Kontsevich spaces of genus $0$ stable maps to a smooth cubic threefold have precisely two components (for $e>1$): the generic point of the first component parameterizes embedded smooth rational curves, and the generic point of the second component parameterizes $e$-fold covers of lines in the cubic threefold.  A similar picture holds for sufficiently general smooth hypersurfaces of degree $n-1$ in $\mathbb{P}^n$ with $n\geq 4$.  However, only for $n=4$ can the result hold for *every* smooth hypersurface of degree $n-1$.


What altcoins do you see as competitors to XMR in the privacy space?

Question: XMR is obviously king of  anonymity, but there will be plenty of innovation in the crypto sector and I think there is room for multiple privacy coins.
Comment: https://monero.stackexchange.com/help/dont-ask
Answer: There are a number of forks of XMR that shows some promise, but XMR would be go to standard of a privacy coin. As for non-cryptonote type coins, it can be broken down into these categories from my knowledge:
Zero knowledge proof privacy type coins: Zcash, Komodo, Zcoin, and others.
On chain coinjoin type coins: Dash, PIVX, Ardor, and others
These types of coins still operate on a transparent blockchain layer which can still be analyzed if there aren't enough participants.
Mimblewimble type coins: Beam and Grin
Mimblewimble technology shows promise but still very early. They seem to have solved the scaling problem, but the UX needs work as making a transaction requires both parties to be online at the same time.
As for XMR forks, there are quite a number as seen on:

https://forkmaps.com/#/forkMap
There are many Monero forked coins, which don't provide much value aside from changing the coin supply, emissions schedule, and algorithm, such as: aeon and wownero
Then there are other Monero forks that add other features into the cryptonote blockchain such as: Loki (Oxen)
I haven't gone through all the Monero forked coins to see which ones provide non-standard (coin supply / emissions) features aside from the ones above.
Competition is many as seen above just by looking at the Monero fork chart, but I don't believe anyone of them would over take Monero itself in terms of "market cap". The goal of Monero is to be the "best form of virtual currency" by mimicking the traits of physical gold/silver itself.
Comment: Mimblewimble doesn't need transacting parties to be online at the same time. Any asynchronous communication suffices, e.g. email or pigeon carrier.
Answer: There is no legitimate competitor in this space, IRL I would say it's comparable to US minted coins; as they are unserialized and untraceable currency. But USD will eventually be inflated to such a degree that coinage will be irrelevant (we're already there but prices can't adjust due to artificial pressures like interest modulation and QE).
Answer: It's not a competitor but an accompaniment and it's WOWnero. Larger supply, and long run mining with 50 yr steady coin emission. I like using it. Really cost effective and same utility with adoption. Lots of meme coins with no privacy, with insane supply  volume. The other w/ 184 mil and 21 ring sigs.. Where you wouldn't spend XMR you can spend WOW. But you could  also save and know it's not gonna boom supply wise. Solo mining* rn too...


SharePoint 2013 Search and Office Web Apps

Question: Is there a way to use office web apps to display search results in SharePoint 2013? If so, how?
Comment: Can you elaborate on what you want to achieve? Why do you NOT want to show search results in SharPoint? What is the driver for wanting them to show in web apps, and what web app do you want to show this in? Excel? Word?
Answer: This is a great document to achieve what you need. Install office web apps
Remember that you will need a server only for office web apps


jQuery tabs. Open certain tab from a certain position. Possible?

Question: I am using jQuery tabs on my site and have an article on one of the tabs and comments on the other.
Would it be possible to link from the article tab to the comments tab and open it from a certain position defined with an "a name" attribute?
Answer: The jQuery UI 1.8.4 release added a feature you may be interested in:

TABS
  The tabs plugin has been updated to allow accessing tabs by href in addition to index. The enable, disable, select, load, and remove methods all accept the href of a tab.

For example, what you want may look like this:
$("#tabs").tabs("select", "#comments");

For the scrolling you can just do a window.location or use something else like the scrollTo() plugin for more utility.
For example:
$("#tabs").tabs("select", "#comments");
$("#comments").scrollTo("#comment-1234");

You can give it a try here.
Answer: Since the tab itself needs to be selected with the hash anchor, you probably can't do it in a straightforward way.
One way to do it though, would be to parse the anchors yourself (with anchors not set to the tab names, but for example tab-name:anchor-name) and then select the correct tab (using the jQuery Tabs API) and scroll to the correct anchor (using javascript).


Idiom or phrase or proverb for When ever you need me you conveniently declare me the head of the department, other times i am no more than a nobody

Question: Idiom or phrase or proverb for When ever you need me you conveniently declare me the head of the department (of course an acting head usually to throw me under the bus to deal/make difficult decisions or give the bad news), other times i am no more than a no-body (or usually treat me like a slave).
Comment: Appropriate Idiom : 'Why buy a dog and bark yourself ?'
Comment: This is no agony aunt forum but all the same, let's see: *disposable*, maybe? There could be better alternatives.
Comment: I would say @Ontamu has the right answer - However, keeping in line with what Kris has said, the word **expendable** could also apply
Comment: @Nigel J: that does not completely answer the whole question the part which is nobody or slave, but that is a very good idiom, at least partly answering it and perfectly. The answer remains as a combination of "buying a dog while barking yourself and scapegoating as well"
Answer: Hello I believe "Scapegoat" is what you are looking for.
Definition from Urban Dictionary:

(n.) A scapegoat is an event person or object that is used to lay the blame on for all that goes wrong, regardless of the contributions of others.

Example: "You are just using me as a scapegoat when something goes wrong"
Another phrase that could work is "Take the heat"

to take blame of or get punished for something, whether guilty or not.

Example: "You always want me to take the heat when things go bad"
Answer: Not an idiom, but this poem that seems to express what you are saying

It's not my job to run the train,  The whistle I don't blow.  It's not
  my job to say how far  the train's supposed to go.  I'm not allowed to
  pull the brake,  or even ring the bell.  But let the damn thing leave
  the track  and see who catches hell!


Caves in Primordia Xenoblade X

Question: How do I get into the caves (for collectables etc. ). I unlocked the rocky cave but can't find it again now. Also are some of the caves only got to by skell? I am too low level (16ish) to get skells and have only just completed chapter 4. The follow ball will not work for places, just missions.
Answer: You can get into caves by going to them on the map. All except for maybe one or two are reachable without a Skell, although some of them are guarded by some high-level monsters (the one near the north-most point of Primordia, for example, is guarded by level 30s).
If it's not urgent to go to any cave in particular, it's easier to simply wait until you're a bit higher level before trekking throughout the land, looking for caves.

Caves in Primordia Xenoblade X


CPU monitoring tool for Centos

Question: I'm looking for a CPU monitoring tool that could monitor the different processors in my machine, and also has a GUI (similar to the Ubuntu monitoring tool).
Is there anything like that in Centos?
Answer: # yum info gnome-system-monitor

Name        : gnome-system-monitor
Arch        : i686
Version     : 2.28.0
Release     : 11.el6
Size        : 1.8 M
Repo        : base
Summary     : Process and resource monitor
URL         : http://www.gnome.org/
License     : GPLv2+
Description : gnome-system-monitor allows to graphically view and manipulate the running
            : processes on your system. It also provides an overview of available resources
            : such as CPU and memory.

to install, type:
# yum install gnome-system-monitor

Comment: Exactly what I was looking for :)
Answer: The tried and true gkrellm is always out there :)  It has some great themes and provides a ton of useful information in a small footprint.  I'm sure there are many more recent projects out there, but to celebrate the release of E17 I offer gkrellm up as my suggestion.
Answer: Not to be flippant but you could use:
xterm -e top

I know it doesn't have magic buttons, but it's very powerful, can have colors and does have an interactive help (press ? or h).
This is actually what I use, since it works on just about every *nix.
Answer: Conky is a popular GUI widget style monitor akin to gkrellm, both of which should be available as a centos package (they're in fedora).  Google and you'll find pictures, etc.
Personally I like gkrellm, but either one could be configured just as a CPU gauge, either "compound" or per-core.

CPU monitoring tool for Centos


Cello, Violoncello Basso, and Violoncello Contrabasso

Question: I'm working with a score that at various times has parts marked "Cello", "Violoncello Basso", and "Violoncello Contrabasso" (though not all are present at the same time), all notated in the bass clef. Are the "Cello" and "Violoncello Basso" likely to be the same instrument, with "Violoncello Contrabasso" the double bass, is there a member of the string section I was unaware of (and not mentioned in Blatter, as far as I can see), or is there some other likely meaning?
Comment: Can you edit examples into your question? One possibility is that the score is specifying - inconsistently - whether only cellos or both cellos and basses are playing.
Comment: I find it very weird that these different terms appear in the same score. I agree with @replete that we need to see the score.
Comment: It sounds to me that when it says Cello, then only the cellos play without basses, and when it says Violoncello Basso, it might mean both play the same part.  I would have expected at least a comma between the two.  It does seem strange that the score should use different terms like that.
Comment: As always, please post a sample page or two of the score in question. Knowing the composer(and thus the time period) as well as the publisher will help resolve this.
Answer: At least for the distinction between cello and violoncello basso there is one possible explanation (assuming roughly baroque era): Violoncello basso may be part of the continuo group (may also be notated as figured bass) as opposed to a partially solistic / melodic part. (So it are the same instruments, but different players.)
Contrabass is notated also in bass clef, but sounding one octave lower, so I see no reason to assume a different instrument.


Was the biblical Re'em a unicorn?

Question: The Re'em was a formidable animal. Mentioned 9 times in the Bible (Numbers, Psalms, Job, Deuteronomy). According to certain Judeo-Christian sources, Re'em was an aurochs (extinct in 1627, in Jaktorów forest, Poland). However, the oryx, the rhinoceros (Vulgate), and the unicorn (Septuagint) have also been suggested.
Single-horned animals appeared in Indus Valley culture, Persia, and Mesopotamia (eg, Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III).
Elasmotherium, a huge rhinoceros from the "Elasmoteriinæ" group, has been suggested as the most likely candidate for the biblical Re'em.
The "Karkadann" (the Persian name for rhinoceros and unicorn), in Persian legends, is said to be an animal that lived in the grassy plains of India and Persia. Its horn was said to contain poison.
In Jewish legends, Og is said to have ridden a unicorn the size of a mountain and survived the flood. Another legend says that Re'em was mistaken for a mountain by King David. Job 39:9-12 says it cannot be tamed and is useless for agricultural work.
So what was the animal that the Bible calls Re'em?
Comment: This doesn't seem so difficult.  Does a rhinoceros have one principal horn?  Has it been tamed and put to use for agricultural work? Is it very strong?  Does the Bible's depiction of the "unicorn" fit the rhinoceros?
Answer: The animal name רְאֵם (re'em) occurs just nine times in the OT: Num 23:22, 24:8, Deut 33:17, Job 39:9, 10, Ps 22:21, 29:6, 92:10, Isa 34:7.
Some older English versions translate the word 'unicorn" including the KJV, Breton Septuagint Translation and Webster's Bible translation.  The LXX translates the word μονοκέρωτος = "unicorn".  Similarly, the Latin Vulgate renders the word, "unicornis".
Almost all modern versions in English translate according to the BDB meaning, viz, "wild-ox".
BDB's meaning is provided in the appendix below
APPENDIX BDB entry for רְאֵם (re'em)

רְאֵם noun masculineJob 39:10 wild ox (Assyrian rêmu DlHWB 603
(ראם), HoughtonTSBA v (1877). 336 ff., and illustrated before p. 33
SchrKGF 135 ff., 530 HomNS 237 ff., 410, 436 f. DrDeuteronomy 33:17;
on strength and ferocity, PlinNH viii. 21; Aramaic רְאֵמָא, רֵימָא,
רֵימָנָא  (LagBN 58); Arabic  is white antelope, antilope leucoryx; ᵐ5
(erroneous) μονοκέρως (Isaiah 34:7 ἅδροι, ᵑ9 unicornis, and (oftener)
rhinoceros); — absolute ׳ר Numbers 23:22 +, רְאֵים Psalm 92:11, רֵים
Job 39:9,10; plural רְאֵמִים Isaiah 34:7; Psalm 29:6, רֵמִים Psalm
22:22 (see Baer); — wild ox, as fierce and strong Job 39:9,10; simile
of strength of Israel, לוֺ ׳כְּתוֺעֲפוֺת ר Numbers 23:22 = Numbers
24:8 (JE), וַתָּרֶם כִּרְאֵם קַרְנִי Psalm 92:11; so figurative of
Joseph, קַרְנַיו ׳קַרְנֵי ר Deuteronomy 33:17; figurative of princes
of Edom Isaiah 34:7 ( +מָּרִים עִם אַבִּירִים); of powerful foes,
מִקַּרְנֵי רֵמִים Psalm 22:22; in simile of skipping, leaping,
בֶּןרְֿאֵמִים Psalm 29:6 ("" עֵגֶּל).
Comment: @NihilSineDeo - yes - that meaning is contained in the BDB entry.
Comment: Unicornis and bicornis were single and double horned rhinoceros(es) in the Latin and their scientific names still exist among the three species today, the second being the white rhino. Diceros bicornis; Ceratotherium simum; Rhinoceros unicornis
Comment: I'd add that Jewish Encyclopedia says that "aurochs" is the best candidate. " This view is supported by the Assyrian "rimu," which is often used as a metaphor of strength, and is depicted as a powerful, fierce, wild, or mountain bull with large horns."
Comment: @DanFefferman - good suggestion.  However, it is far from a unicorn.

Was the biblical Re'em a unicorn?


How can you unlock a Sprint iPhone 6 Plus? It was paid in full without a contract

Question: I purchased a Sprint iPhone 6 Plus 64gb off contract. I paid the full amount which was about $1,000. As of today (2014-09-24), how can we unlock the iPhone 6 Plus which is on Sprint? I am a Sprint customer.
Comment: @Buscar웃, note that off-contract is different from unlocked.  Off-contract phones are eligible to be unlocked, but aren't always sold that way.
Comment: @webmarc thanks, still when bought new and paid in full (without contract) why would be locked in first place ? Now the owner has to chase the Sprint to find a willing person to unlock it (and if). That is a dirty marketing game not pointing it out in advertisement. What is spooky with OP, Sprint does not offer full purchase price (up front pay) plans.
Comment: @Buscar웃 There is probably no hardware or part-number difference between a non-contract phone and a contract phone; the only difference is the price sold at the register.  So it makes sense from the merchants perspective to have them all carrier-locked, and leave it to the consumer to get the non-contract phone unlocked if they want to.
Comment: Sprint phones are usually sold as internationally unlocked, but not unlocked to be used on AT&T or T-Mobile here in the states.
Answer: Sprint phones CANNOT normally be unlocked for use with any other carrier in the U.S., with the exception of Ting mobile, which uses the Sprint network. Additionally, both Sprint and Verizon are on CDMA networks, so any restrictions imposed on transferring is fabricated by those companies for profit. Additionally, many new phones, including iPhones work with both CDMA and GSM, the only thing stopping you from transferring is the company.
Here is a lame excuse from an actual Sprint technician:

Betty S: Some Apple devices have an MSL code, while others do not, however, even unlocking the software using the MSL code will not enable these phones to operate on a domestic carriers' network
Betty S: Apple phones sold for use on Sprint's network are designed with an external SIM slot and sold with a SIM card to operate on Sprint's network.
Betty S: Those devices are not enabled for use on a different domestic carrier's network because the Sprint-specific CDMA requirements are hardcoded in the firmware of the device and downloaded for operation on Sprint's network and specific frequencies.
Betty S: This is true even within Sprint's Network, for instance between Sprint and Virgin Mobile. These phones, if sold through a Sprint channel were not engineered as a universal Domestic device.
Betty S: Even if these devices have MSL codes that can be unlocked, the SIM cannot be enabled for use on a domestic carriers' network.

While the firmware being different is true, it is only that way to stop customers from leaving with their devices.
Comment: what about for international use? i purchased a sprint iphone 6 plus and paid full price. would i be able to just unlock it for international use? say if i wanted to sell it on ebay to someone overseas, does sprint lock the phone to your sprint account even if they unlock it for interantional use?
Answer: Unlocking Sprint in the USA is not possible currently and will not result in any benefit, so your best option is to bring it back and get your money if you do not like to be in the cage.

If you're using a Sprint prepaid affiliate, like Virgin or Boost,
  Sprint currently cannot unlock those devices. Supposedly help is on
  its way — as these policies are in violation of the CITA's unlocking
  agreement, new, more consumer-friendly policies should be in place by
  February 11, 2015.

For International see this information.
Basically how the International works is true Sprint agreement for Roaming:
Means they have a contract with

countless GSM Roaming and International CDMA Roaming partners.

So what does all that means to you:
If you are in the USA then

Sprint will not unlock the phone so you can use it on Verizon (while on the same technology (CDMA), the reason is not technical it is business.
Sprint will unlock the phone for International use with GSM? but will not allow you to use ATT, T-Mobile in the USA. The reason again is business and not technical (even so if your Sprint iPhone has the capability).
Sprint is not in compliance with the USA law that becomes active in Feb. 2015, and they know that. They will change they company business policy from that date forward to comply with the new law, but as far I know it will not be backwards compatible (for iPhone bought before that date).
Answer: I just bought a iPhone 6 Model A1586 (Sprint) today at an US Apple Store. I put in my T-Mobile Germany SIM before turning it on and it works fine.
As a Sprint customer all you can ask is an unlock for international use as far as I know.
Answer: I'm sorry to say that you have a iPhone that is useless for you.
From http://www.sprint.com/legal/unlocking_policy.html

Not all Sprint devices have an MSL code or a locking function that can be unlocked by Sprint (e.g., Apple devices cannot be unlocked to accept another domestic carrier's SIM card).

The confusion is that they have to "unlock for international" use by law. Often online it's mentioned as "unlocking".
Answer: Just called sprint about this and unlocking their phones in general. it goes for any phone, not just iPhone 6. it seems that sprint requires any NEW phone purchased on the account to be ACTIVE for 90 days in order to unlock it for "international" use.
So as for the iphone 6, since its released in sept, we have to wait 90 days, which is sometime in December 2014 before we can unlock it on our account to use it overseas. And NO they will not unlock it for other domestic carriers.
So if your thinking about buying the iphone 6 from sprint to flip for a profit, don't bother. This sprint 90 day active line restriction kills it. You actually have to have the iphone 6 ACTIVE on your line, which means you actually have to be using it before they unlock it.
Answer: ontact Sprint Customer Care by dialing *2 from your Sprint mobile device or call 888-211-4727, if you bought as full price and no contract with sprint, they should give you the MSL code according their policy (Requesting the Master Subsidy Lock code):
http://www.sprint.com/legal/unlocking_policy.html
if you have contract with sprint, you want to unlock it, you need to pay remain money to Sprint, if you have no money and you want to use the Sprint Iphone6 for international travel (use other operators' SIM card), just wait 90 days.
Answer: You need to contact Sprint.  If the phone is locked to their network, they can provide instructions and a code to unlock it.
Comment: Have you done this yourself?
Comment: @MichaelStoner No.
Answer: I bought an Iphone 6 from Sprint paying the full price too. But in my case is to use in Brasil. I received a recommendation from a apple store employer to not use in the first power on the chip of Spring, this will let the iphone unlocked to use in others country except USA.
Hope this help anyone...
Comment: It's not clear what you mean. Can you clarify?


Content type with Multiple fields reference

Question: I am building a website a website which holds date about players and teams. There are two content types Player and Team.
I want it to work like this, when we are adding a team we can add and reference multiple players into it. How can this be achieved?
Answer: The simpliest way to do what you like is to use ief module. But i dont sure it works with node reference field type. So you will need to use entity reference as a generic entity reference field.
Answer: you can achieve this using Entity reference module.
after installing the module, you go to team content type and add a new field "Entity Reference", now you can use Autocomplete widget or Autocomplete (Tagging style).
if you use Autocomplete (Tagging style) you can add multiple player names in the same field separated with commas (like tagging).
or you can use Autocomplete widget with unlimited number of values if you like each player has it own field.
Note: if you want to add player by their names,  it is preferred that for player content type use the title of the node as the player name, because by default Entity reference will look for title, or you can use views for using others fields then the title


android - copying a file from assets to databases folder data missing

Question: I have a pre-existing sqlite database that is about 5mb in size. I use this code to copy from my assets folder to the packages/databases folder on the device.
The database copies to the device but the data inside the database has been deleted or is missing. The only table inside is called android_metadata.
Here is the code:
try{
        InputStream myInput = myContext.getAssets().open(DB_NAME);

        // Path to the just created empty db
        String outFileName = DB_PATH + DB_NAME;

        //Open the empty db as the output stream
        OutputStream myOutput = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);

        //transfer bytes from the inputfile to the outputfile
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int length;
        while ((length = myInput.read(buffer))>0){
            myOutput.write(buffer, 0, length);
        }

        //Close the streams
        myOutput.flush();
        myOutput.close();
        myInput.close();
        }catch(SQLiteException e){

Comment: How are you accessing your database? Are you using a `DbHelper` object?  How is the empty database file created?
Answer: If your database (tables) is (are) not appearing / loading, then it is likely that you have created it inproperly. I would go back and ensure that you have set it up correctly.
Comment: If I go to the DDMS and push the database file to the device the app works. It can see all the tables.
Comment: Found it!

If you are planning to create a new SQLite database then over ride and implement the onCreate() Method as shown in the tutorial.

But if you are using a SQLite database that is created by another external source and you are going to pull it down, then leave the onCreate() method empty.
Answer: Make sure your database is in YourAppName\assets\databases folder.
For example, if your database name is: app.db, it should be in that folder to be copied.
You need to reinstall your app whenever you want to release a new copy of the database.
If you are using the SQLiteAssetHelper, your class file will look somewhat like this:
package com.mycompany.myapp;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

import com.readystatesoftware.sqliteasset.SQLiteAssetHelper;

public class MyDatabase extends SQLiteAssetHelper {

    private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "app.db";
    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

    public MyDatabase(Context context) {
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);

        // you can use an alternate constructor to specify a database location
        // (such as a folder on the sd card)
        // you must ensure that this folder is available and you have permission
        // to write to it
        // super(context, DATABASE_NAME, context.getExternalFilesDir(null).getAbsolutePath(), null, DATABASE_VERSION);

    }

    public Cursor mymethod (String param) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = getReadableDatabase();

        String sql;
        sql = "...";

        Cursor c = db.rawQuery(sql, new String[] { param  });

        c.moveToFirst();
        return c;
    }}


Is ubuntu supports on Lenovo g5070 and how to install...?

Question: Is ubuntu supports on Lenovo g5070 and how to install...
Answer: Yes, I quickly googled the specs of it and it's much more than enough to install ubuntu. And it seems, it comes with preinstalled dos. If yours have it too, then you can either install ubuntu along with it or you can remove the dos os giving everything to ubuntu.
In either case, you would require a live cd of ubuntu. What you need to do is first download the version of ubuntu you want to install ( I would recommend 14.04 ) and get a usb drive (2 gb would be fine). Use start up disk creater ( if you have access to linux based os on some other computer) or universal usb installer (in case of windows) to make installation disk of ubuntu.
Boot from the usb and simply follow the instructions. This link might be useful.


Replacing atmega8 with atmega328 on Arduino Single-Sided Serial Board

Question: i want to know that if i use atmega328-pu instead of atmega8 on this design provided by "https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardSerialSingleSided3", will it works fine on this design or i have to use only atmega8 ?
Answer: Yes and no. It will work on this board, but won't get programmed by arduino IDE directly.
ATmega328 and ATmega8 are fully pin compatible. ATmega328 is like bigger and powerful in terms of onchip resources. However, if you want to program ATmega328 on the arduino board, you must install bootloader. Otherwise you will have to program it everytime using ISP programmers such as USBASP. This will connect to the ICSP socket shown on the above board.
Refer to: http://tutorial.cytron.com.my/2011/09/30/how-to-program-arduino-by-using-avr-usbasp-programmer/


Jquery: selecting all the elements, appearing after a certain element later on the page

Question: How can I select all the elements, appearing after a certain element, i.e. later on the page
Answer: If the elements you are talking of are all siblings to one another, then .nextAll() is the function to use.
If the elements can appear anywhere on the page (no matter what level they are nested at), then you can take advantage of the fact that jQuery (as of version 1.4 onwards) always returns elements in document order, even when you .add() something to the collection.
Therefore the basic idea is to select all the elements first, regardless of whether they are before or after the "start" element, and then add the "start" element to the collection. You can then loop through the sorted elements, looking for the position of the "start" element. Then simply .slice() all elements after this position:
var start = '#start';
var all = 'p';
var index;

var afters = $(all).add(start).each(function (i) {
    if ($(this).is(start)) {
        index = i;
        return false; // quit looping early
    }
}).slice(index + 1);

See it in action here.
Answer: Can you provide piece of code or at least a sample of structure or description of what you want to achieve? Have you checked the hierarchy jQuery selectors?
Answer: I don't believe there is a simple way to do it.  The real question is why would you want to?  Anyways, if you really need to, some combination of .nextAll(), .each(), and .children() will help.
var nodes = [];

$('#original').nextAll().each(function() {
  nodes.push(this);
  $(this).children().each(function() {
     // some recursive function to add a deep set of children
  }
}

But, again, you should probably do something different.
Answer: How you are identifying your 'certain element'? is it using a specific id. or just a tag name.
You can also add an id to each tag you name as 'certain element' and use nextall() to show all contents after the id. this is just a wild guess.
Answer: refer this
another way of doing this
$('selector').nextALL('selector')

refer this nextAll
$('div.third-item').nextAll("div")


Counterpart of Leidenfrost effect?

Question: The Leidenfrost effect has been observed for liquid droplets, which take longer to evaporate because of the vapor layer formed below it. Has it been observed for other phase transition? (ice to water where the ice is separated by a layer of water.) Can someone theoretically prove or disprove the existence of Leidenfrost effect for other phase transitions?
Comment: I think you would just get a Leidenfrost effect by proxy, where, if you drop an ice cube into a hot pan, you have a thin water layer (just by bringing the ice cube into ambient temperature $T \approx 20^°$ C that then evaporates and forms a vapor layer. Whether or not this layer can hold ice cubes of a certain mass I cannot say.
Comment: The vapor phase will be very little at around 20 deg wont it? The main phases present will be a layer of liquid water below the ice cube. Should'nt further melting be delayed till the liquid layer disperses or it transmits sufficinet amount of heat to further melt the ice.
Comment: Oh, I meant that taking the ice cube out of the freezer will already produce a thin liquid layer, not a vapor layer.
When you drop the ice cube into the pan, this liquid layer builds up further and evaporates at the same time. But the transition rates and how the cube "squeezes out" the liquid under itself...pretty difficult to guess or model I'd say. It would be pretty interesting to go out (since it's winter in the Northern hemisphere) and do an experiment where the ice cube will only be melted by the pan.
Comment: I get that, but i would like to know whether this effect actually occurs in this case as well. Thanks
Answer: Alright, I did a little bit of googling, and found two quite interesting articles on the subject. Since you originally asked for a Leidenfrost effect in "...other phase transitions.", I think these examples will be sufficient.
Phys. Rev. Letters has a paper on modeling the Leidenfrost effet for granular materials, glass beads in this case (accessing this from my University network, not sure if it is behind a paywall). The gist is that you can model a Leidenfrost effect by vibrating a shaker fast enough to achieve a supporting layer of very fast, diluted ("gas-like") beads that support a layer of beads that are densely hexagonally packed (like a crystal).
However, I find this review here much more interesting. Figure 1c in particular shows a piece of dry ice (i.e., solid CO$_2$) hovering on a thin sheet of sublimated CO$_2$ gas. (Hope it's ok to use this image here.)

So, the answer to your question is yes, there is a Leidenfrost effect for other phase transitions than liquid-gas, and also for other materials than water. The follow-up question of whether this can happen to ordinary water ice is then, I think, answered by the phase transition diagram (from Wikipedia)

So we just need to cross directly from the ice regime to the gas regime, which can happen below the triple point of water ($0.01^°$ C, $611.657$ Pa $\approx$ 0.6 percent of atmospheric pressure), so you'd need a pretty good vacuum to achieve that (so long, dreams of just firing up a pan outside on a Bunsen burner to test it out).
Hopefully this is sufficient enough for an answer :) cheers!

Counterpart of Leidenfrost effect?


What is the exit diameter of the LE-5B liquid hydrogen Engine used in H-II

Question: I've found many documents that leave out the exit diameter of the LE-5B hydrolox engine. If anyone has found the detail in any public doxuments, I would appreciate it. If you can still provide the diameter without a source, it'd still be very much appreciated.
Answer: I haven't tried to find any official sources, but from the data available on the Wikipedia article we can estimate it quite precisely. The biggest mistake we make should be that this is an expander bleed cycle engine, and we don't know how much actually bleeds but it shouldn't be very much so we estimate it to be 0%.
We first start off by calculating the mass flow rate.
m_fuel = F_rated / (Isp * g) = 137.2 kN / (447s * 9.81 m/s^2) = 31.3 kg / s

Now we need to calculate the chemical equilibrium and the conditions at the throat and the exit to calculate the throat area using the mixture ratio of 5 and the expansion ratio of 110. Luckily this can be done rather easy using the tool cpropep which is even available as an online tool. We could also use NASA's chemical equilibrium's with applications which is bit more major but I find cpropep easier to use.
Propellant composition
Code  Name                                mol    Mass (g)  Composition
457   HYDROGEN (CRYOGENIC)                0.4961 1.0000   2H
686   OXYGEN (LIQUID)                     0.1563 5.0000   2O
Density :  0.328 g/cm^3
2 different elements
H  O
Total mass:  6.000000 g
Enthalpy  : -1083.68 kJ/kg

9 possible gazeous species
2 possible condensed species

                      CHAMBER      THROAT        EXIT
Pressure (atm)   :      35.332      20.236       0.017
Temperature (K)  :    3236.859    3029.977     822.915
H (kJ/kg)        :   -1083.683   -2312.272  -11140.960
U (kJ/kg)        :   -3371.140   -4435.131  -11706.647
G (kJ/kg)        :  -65370.681  -62490.407  -27484.812
S (kJ/(kg)(K)    :      19.861      19.861      19.861
M (g/mol)        :      11.765      11.867      12.095
(dLnV/dLnP)t     :    -1.01444    -1.00984    -1.00000
(dLnV/dLnT)p     :     1.27093     1.19591     1.00000
Cp (kJ/(kg)(K))  :     7.77987     6.86742     2.94009
Cv (kJ/(kg)(K))  :     6.65463     5.87515     2.25267
Cp/Cv            :     1.16909     1.16889     1.30516
Gamma            :     1.15245     1.15750     1.30516
Vson (m/s)       :  1623.62822  1567.55251   859.24941

Ae/At            :                 1.00000   110.00001
A/dotm (m/s/atm) :                66.92186  7361.40529
C* (m/s)         :              2364.48308  2364.48308
Cf               :                 0.66296     1.89679
Ivac (m/s)       :              2921.80378  4611.05594
Isp (m/s)        :              1567.55251  4484.92531
Isp/g (s)        :               159.84587   457.33511

Molar fractions

H                     3.1008e-02  2.2736e-02  0.0000e+00
HO2                   5.0658e-06  1.8655e-06  0.0000e+00
H2                    3.5686e-01  3.5620e-01  3.5992e-01
H2O                   5.9030e-01  5.9868e-01  6.1281e-01
H2O2                  2.2258e-06  9.0876e-07  0.0000e+00
O                     1.0407e-03  5.0344e-04  0.0000e+00
OH                    2.0106e-02  1.2949e-02  0.0000e+00
O2                    6.7123e-04  3.3398e-04  0.0000e+00

Now the thing we are interested in is the A/dotm which is in the rather strange unit 1 m/s/atm = 9.869×10^-6 m^2 s/kg. Now to get the throat or exit area we simply multiply by the total mass flow.
A_throat = A_dotm * m_fuel =   66.9 m/s/atm * 31.3 kg / s = 206.6 cm^2
A_exit   = A_dotm * m_fuel = 7361.4 m/s/atm * 31.3 kg / s = 2.27 m^2

Now simply solve for the radius to get our final result:
r_throat = sqrt(A_throat / pi) =   8.11 cm
r_exit   = sqrt(A_exit   / pi) = *85.06 cm*

As you might have noticed the expansion ratio 2.2303 m^2 / 206.6483 cm^2 isn't exactly 110. This is actually a seemingly unknown bug in this ancient software. As I found out by looking at the source the problem is that the expansion ratio calculation ignores that in the shifting performance calculation the molar mass of the combustion products shifts between the throat and the exit. I'm gonna fix this and will look into making this change available as unmodified as possible (I adapted the version I used quite heavily in order to compile under c++).
As soon as I got better data I will update this answer.

Update: I fixed the bug and corrected the data.
The fix is rather easy:
ex->performance.ae_at =
    (ex->properties.T * t->properties.P * t->performance.Isp) /
    (t->properties.T * ex->properties.P * ex->performance.Isp);

has to be replaced with
ex->performance.ae_at =
    (ex->properties.T * ex->itn.n * t->properties.P * t->performance.Isp) /
    (t->properties.T * t->itn.n * ex->properties.P * ex->performance.Isp);

twice in shifting_performance() (file: performance.c). Not sure were to publish this best as the software is mostly unmaintained.
Comment: Great analysis!
Answer: There's a very good picture of the engine on the Mitsubishi web site:

and conveniently the length is given on that page as 2.765 m. Taking the proportions of the image and the known length, I estimate the diameter is 1.5 m, which is in fair agreement with Christoph's estimate of 1.7 m.
Answer: Quite great answers about reverse engineering data from available data resources. I found this paper after hours of searching for data on LE-5B engines and Christoph, your calculation is spot on. The max diameter which i assume is of the nozzle end is 1700 mm which matches your calculations correctly. This is just validation for the various estimates put out as answers, and supplements them
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576501001655