pulling static resource to local file system

Question: I'm trying to add a static resource file I uploaded to my dev org to a git repository.  Every time I tell the IDE to refresh from server it doesn't pull the static resource to my local file system.  I looked on my dev org and it shows the static resource has been uploaded.  Any suggestions what I'm doing wrong?  Also I'm using the force plugin for eclipse on a windows box.
Answer: First, you'll need to make sure that Static Resources are in your package.xml. It sounds as if you're using the Eclipse IDE and to add static resources into your Force.com Eclipse project, you'll need to:

Right-click on the root directory of your project, and navigate down to the Force.com Menu > Add/Remove Metadata Components.
Choose either the entire Static Resources directory or navigate to the specific one you want.
Alternatively, you can edit the package.xml directly and make sure you have this line of code:
< types >
    < members >*< /members >
    < name >StaticResource< /name >
< /types >

The problem here as it relates to Github is that while your static resource will be in version control, and you can always revert back to a prior version, you have no indication of how your static resources files are changing over time, since the static resource file itself is in binary code or something unreadable to you as a developer.
One fantastic alternative if you're on a Mac is to install MavensMate for TextMate or Sublime Text 2. MavensMate offers a great feature called Static Resource Bundles that allows for quick packaging and deploy of static resources but more importantly, the full directory of the static resource bundles at the same level in the project directory as your src folder, which can then easily be added into version control in addition to the static resource directory from the src folder. Here is a nice demo of the feature in action:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4M5zr8Q8MY
Comment: As an FYI, Sublime Text 2 is also available for the PC.
Comment: Noted, but I don't believe that MavensMate yet works on the PC version.
Comment: Maven's Mate is available for the PC, but I've not tried it.


Qgis mapserver - Can it use plugins you use in qgis desktop?

Question: Im thinking about developing a small python plugin for qgis which would access postgis raster database and return data via ST_AsPNG() for example. But since i need this in my wms, would it be possible for mapserver executable to also use this plugin, because the plugin would be used in the project file to fetch the data?
Answer: Not sure if I understand the question, anyway the next qgis release will support macros (python) in projects, so probably this would help do what you need.
Comment: From the qgi server executable perspective: It reads the project file, iterates through ToC and renders according to the styling/path instructions in the project file. But what if something was added into the ToC which needs some python plugin to work which you of course can use in desktop qgis, but server probably isnt aware of that?


Do I have a blown head gasket?

Question: I haven't drove my dodge Durango 2005 in 3 weeks. When I started car the car was blowing white smoke that smelled like coolant. The car doesn't sound any worse than before, is it possible im seeing the smoke because I haven't used the car in awhile? I was hoping it was just water from sitting so long. Any help would be appreciated
Comment: If the exhaust smelled like coolant and had a continuous white mist, then sadly yes, you probably do have a blown head gasket. You should let the engine cool off for a while, then check your oil to see if it's milky looking, and check the coolant to see if it has oil floating on it. If you have either it's a confirmation of the head gasket's demise.
Answer: The blown head gasket has prominent symptoms of goo (mixture of engine oil and coolant/water) floating in the coolant overflow bottle.
If you visually detect such goo material floating in the radiator or overflow coolant bottle, first of all flush the coolant, refill the radiator and overflow bottle with normal water and idle your engine for 30-40 minutes. let it cool down for few hours and check for any goo floating. if the goo build-up has reasonably reduced, safely recycle with the coolant/water mix.
secondly, (with safety first, be cautious, wear pvc gloves and safety glasses, never ever touch or open the hot radiator, keep a bucket of water ready) with engine cold, open the radiator cap then start the engine. Idle the engine at normal rpm for few minutes. Safely keep adding water into the neck of the radiator, if needed. A small spill of hot water (with bubbles) from radiator is normal. If water level reduces while accelerating engine rpm and comes to the normal level when idling normal, the gasket is good.
Nonetheless, if unfortunately head gasket is blown, it will spill out volume of boiling water and steam, somewhat like in a case of pressure cooker opened abnormally, in the above experiment. Stop the engine immediately. In such a case ask the help of a qualified service engineer.
But, your problem just seems a normal incident, sometimes when we start engine after a long time. The fuel is a hydrocarbon which could easily react with oxygen in your gas tank and produces water H2O molecules. These water molecules in fuel mix with the engine oil and produce goo and/or smoke from tailpipe.
If all correct, add some fresh fuel and keep going.
Best of luck!
Answer: If you have a blown head gasket then it was almost certainly blown before you parked the car up for 3 weeks. Was it emitting clouds of white smoke before you parked up?
On a positive note it could just be moisture build up in the exhaust burning off as the engine gets warm, it's not uncommon to see some particularly when the climate gets a bit colder

Do I have a blown head gasket?


Does still make sense to use SHA1?

Question: I'm working with Arduino and hash-based signatures which are signature schemes that use only hash functions. Due to the constraints of an Arduino I was thinking about using SHA1 as the underlying function of my hash-based signature. But I'm not sure if it still makes sense to use SHA1 due to its vulnerabilities. Is there a scenario in which would be acceptable to use SHA1?
Comment: I think this should be better asked at crypto.stackexchange.com. If you look at [Hash-based Signatures:
An Outline for a New Standard](http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/post-quantum-2015/papers/session5-hulsing-paper.pdf) you will find at page 3 that *"while MSS requires a collision resistant
hash function, XMSS reduces this requirement to
weaker security assumptions...at MD5 and SHA1, there exist
'practical' collision attacks while the weaker properties
XMSS uses (like second-preimage resistance) are still
unbroken and there is not much progress in this
direction so far"*
Comment: @SteffenUllrich thanks for the tips! I'll check this paper.
Answer: My answer would always be "in comparison to what else?"
In this moment, SHA-1 is weaker than SHA-2:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Hash_Algorithms
It's got known weaknesses, a smaller number of security bits, increased risk of collisions, and SHA-2 is fairly prolific, has a good performance, and is fairly widely accepted.  So... why not use something better?
There is a reason - compatibility.  There will always be some suitably old technology out there that simply cannot (or has not) been upgraded to use the current recommended best practice.  So the big question is - does your business model benefit more from interoperability, or cryptographic strength?
My not-spending-lots-of-time-doing-math-research answer on SHA-1 vs. SHA-2 would be that it's a no brainer - SHA-2 is better.  But if you told me that your biggest customer has a substantial investment in SHA-1 only technology and can't improve the system... well... I'd probably advise finding a way to limit the scope of where and who you do SHA-1 with, and then make sure you have that customer sign a nice sounding waiver that they understand that you can't be entirely responsible for the risks of using a not-best-practices algorithm.
Answer: The risk of using any algorithm is down to your risk appetite. Only you know if the risk of a SHA1 attack is something you are willing to accept.
I would use it if that was the only option for none mission critical or sensitive data. But that's only a personal opinion.

Does still make sense to use SHA1?


What is the short story about a plasma creature hitting Mercury?

Question: When I was young I read a short story about a creature made of plasma ejected from the sun by a solar flare. It flew through space and hit the boiling hot sun-facing side of Mercury, whereupon it 'froze' to death. It blew my mind.
I thought it was from Arthur C Clarke, but I can't seem to find it.
Any help would be appreciated.
Comment: When were you young?
Comment: Your description of the story was, at least for me, sadly more enthralling than the actual story itself.
Comment: @Nit - Sacrilege :-(
Comment: @Nit I thought it was a fantastic story. I prefer hard-scifi and Sir Clarke certainly knew his science. Like I said before, the idea contained in the story totally blew my mind.
Answer: The story you're describing is "Out of the Sun" by Arthur C Clarke.

We were looking at what seemed to be a translucent oval, its interior
  laced with a network of almost invisible lines. Where the lines
  crossed, there appeared to be tiny, pulsing nodes of light; we could
  never be quite sure of their existence because the radar took almost a
  minute to paint the complete picture on the screen—and between each
  sweep the object moved several thousand miles. There was no doubt,
  however, that the network itself existed; the cameras settled any
  arguments about that.

later

Then the radar screen was empty, wiped clean during a single scan of
  the beam. The creature had fallen below our horizon, and was hidden
  from us now by the curve of the planet. Far out in the burning dayside
  of Mercury, in the inferno where only a dozen men have ever ventured
  and fewer still come back alive, it smashed silently and invisibly
  against the seas of molten metal, the hills of slowly moving lava. The
  mere impact could have meant nothing to such an entity what it could
  not endure was its first contact with the inconceivable cold of solid
  matter.
Comment: Brilliant, that's it exactly. I just reread it. Wow! It just as powerful as I remember. Cheers!


Elementary set theory notation verification

Question: Reading Velleman's "How To Prove It" I came across the following expression:
$$ x \in\bigcup\{\mathscr P(A)\mid A\in \mathcal F\} $$ such that $\mathcal F$ is a family of sets, $A$ is a set, and $\mathscr P(A)$ is the power set of $A$. Now according to Velleman, it holds: $$ x \in\bigcup\{\mathscr P(A)\mid A\in \mathcal F\} \iff \exists A \in \mathcal F(x\in \mathscr P(A)).$$ The last term means "there is the set A which is an element of F, such that x is an element of the power set of A". Now, it seems to me, however, that the following equality also: $$ \exists A \in \mathcal F(x\in \mathscr P(A)) \iff x \in\{\mathscr P(A)\mid A\in \mathcal F\}.$$ Which implies:$$ x \in\bigcup\{\mathscr P(A)\mid A\in \mathcal F\} \iff x \in\{\mathscr P(A)\mid A\in \mathcal F\}.$$ Is that correct? Thanks in advance.
Comment: \cup is normally used in things like $A\cup B$ and $A_1\cup\cdots\cup A_n$, and \bigcup is normally used in things like $\displaystyle\vphantom{\frac\int\int}\bigcup_{x\in\mathcal X} A_x$, and I edited accordingly.  Also notice that \mid provides proper spacing to its right and left and I changed "|" to \mid in several places. ${}\qquad{}$
Comment: Thank you, hopefuly someone can actually answer that
Comment: It is not correct.
Comment: What is $\mathcal{F}(x \in \mathscr{P}(A))$ supposed to mean? Also, I think you want your equality symbols to be $\iff$ symbols, no?
Comment: Three times you used "$=$" where it appears that you meant "$\Longleftrightarrow$". ${}\qquad{}$
Comment: @A. P. : I think it means  $\exists A\in\mathcal F\enspace\text{such that}\enspace x\in\mathscr P(A)$.
Comment: Let me edit that
Comment: I'd normally write $\exists x\in\mathcal{F}\  x\in\mathcal P(A)$, without parentheses.  But I don't think the parentheses make it less comprehensible. ${}\qquad{}$
Comment: The opening parenthesis should have been introduced with a space.
Answer: No, not quite.
$x\in\{\mathscr P(A)\mid A\in\mathcal F\}$ if and only if there is some $A\in\cal F$, such that $x=\mathscr P(A)$.
It might be the case that $x\in\mathscr P(A')$ for a different $A'\in\cal F$. But just from the given information we cannot infer this. And since under the assumption that $\mathcal F=\{A\}$ we can show this to be false (meaning we can show that $\mathscr P(A)\notin\mathscr P(A)$), the equivalence you suggested is not true.
Answer: You're wrong:
$\exists A \in \mathcal F(x\in \mathscr P(A))$ means in plain English: $x$ is a subset of some $A$ in family $\mathcal F$, i.e. a member  of the powerset of some $A$ in family $\mathcal F$.
while $\,x \in\{\mathscr P(A)\mid A\in \mathcal F\}$ is the powerset of some $A$ in family $\mathcal F$.
Answer: Let us simply analyze what the statement $x \in \bigcup \{ \mathscr P (A) \mid A \in \mathcal{F} \}$ means. For $x$ to be in a union means exactly that $x$ is in at least one of the members of the union. So we can rewrite this as
$$ \exists A \in \mathcal F : x \in \mathscr P(A)$$
(which is what I think you meant to write). However, your last equivalence is not true. Let's consider an example; take $\mathcal F = \{\emptyset, \{a\} \}.$ Now $\mathscr P(\emptyset) = \{ \emptyset \}$ and $\mathscr P(\{a\}) = \{ \emptyset , \{a\}\}.$ Thus
\begin{align} x \in \bigcup \{ \mathscr P (A) \mid A \in \mathcal{F} \} &\iff \exists A \in \mathcal F : x \in \mathscr P(A) \\
&\iff x \in \{\emptyset\} \text{ or } x \in \{ \emptyset , \{a\}\} \\
&\iff x = \emptyset \text{ or } x = \{ a \}.
\end{align}
On the other hand, \begin{align} x \in \{ \mathscr P(A) \mid A \in \mathcal F\}
&\iff  x \in \{ \{ \emptyset \}, \{ \emptyset , \{a\}\}\} \\
&\iff x = \{ \emptyset \} \text{ or } x = \{ \emptyset , \{a\}\}.
\end{align}
In other words: in the first case, $x$ is an element of some $\mathscr P(A)$, whereas in the second case, $x$ is equal to some $\mathscr P(A).$


Error: Call to undefined function Craft\mb_convertOcase() after updating to 2.6.3017

Question: Just updated Craft 2.6.3002 to 2.6.3017 and am getting the following error in the CP & front-end: Call to undefined function Craft\mb_convertOcase() /craft/app/helpers/StringHelper.php(558). On line 558 of this file, I have return mb_convert_case($string, MB_CASE_UPPER, static::UTF8);. Where is O coming from?
Screenshot of error & stack trace:
Comment: It is correct in their git. Copy the line https://github.com/craftcms/cms/blob/develop-v2/src/helpers/StringHelper.php#L558 or download the entire Craft folder and you should be fine. Bug reports don't belong here, please contact pixel and tonic directly if there are other issues
Comment: As I mentioned above, line 558 in my StringHelper.php file is correct. Also, how am I supposed to necessarily know ahead of time is something is indeed a bug?
Answer: I performed a manual upgrade as documented at https://docs.craftcms.com/v2/updating.html#manually-updating and the error automagically disappeared. Therefore, it looks like there was a glitch in the One-click Updating in this particular case.
Comment: That's super weird...


How to start graphical interface before login?

Question: I've installed Oracle Linux 6.4 (x86_64) on a server as a database server, the packages installed by default didn't include the graphical interface. Following this article, I installed the referred packages and thereafter I could launch the graphical interface using startx after login. Can I make the server start the graphical server before login and actually login using a graphical greeter (if the term was correct!), or I have to log in first then startx after (automatically or manually)?
Answer: You could try changing the runlevel in the /etc/inittab file from id:3:initdefault: to id:5:initdefault:.
Comment: Yes. I totally forgot about that.. Was lost looking into the display manager stuff.. I kinda expected after installing graphical server that some package did the inittab for me :)
Answer: On my Debian 7 system with the venerable sysVinit and Gnome3 as desktop environment the startup of graphical environment upon change of runlevel to graphical runlevel (runlevel 2, rc2) is carried out by gdm3 init script - /etc/init.d/gdm3, symlinked in /etc/rc2.d/S20gdm3 (/etc/rc2.d/S20gdm3 -> /etc/init.d/gdm3).
gdm3 is responsible for running the Xserver and graphical greeter. If you're planning to use barebone X without any desktop environment, probably, you're going to need analogue of that script for xdm. Otherwise consider installing a desktop environment, such as Gnome or KDE.
If your system already has xdm (and its startup script in /etc/init.d/) installed, you have to start it upon switching to your default runlevel (or change the default runlevel). That is, your /etc/rcX.d (where X is your default runlevel specified in /etc/inittab) must contain script S##xdm, where ## is some number, e.g. 20 (exact number depends on the order, in which you want your init scripts to be executed, because S19 is executed before S20) and S##xdm should be a symlink to /etc/init.d/xdm (run sudo ln -s /etc/init.d/xdm /etc/rcX/S##xdm to create that symlink).
Here you can see an example of XDM configuration: http://tldp.org/HOWTO/XDM-Xterm/config.html
Answer: After trying all of your suggestions and failed, I have tried the following: install "GNOME" and then startx ... It worked like a charm, spent all day trying to get from Oracle Linux 7.4 command line to a desktop environment :D
Answer: I learned that this changed in Oracle Linux 7 when trying to follow Varad's advice.
If you look at the inittab file on an OL7 system you will see the following:
# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
#
# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3
# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5
#
# To view current default target, run:
# systemctl get-default
#
# To set a default target, run:
# systemctl set-default TARGET.target

I ran the following:
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

and now it boots to GDM (which, of course you must have installed in order for this to work).


Is linguistically incorrect to use "basically" frequently or it's just culture

Question: Many young and old people use this word, regardless of their ethnic background or how wealthy they are. I disagree with the claim that it is used only by certain type of people however it does not sound like proper English. Is it wrong from English language point of view to use that word in the beginning of every conversation   ?
Answer: It's not wrong, grammatically speaking. However, a word that gets used very often by a particular speaker starts to lose its meaning when that speaker says it, for three reasons:

It's not offering you any context about what they mean.
It leads to semantic satiation, a psychological effect that causes frequently-repeated words to be "skipped over" by your brain.
Many people would consider it to have an annoying, repetitive quality.

This is true in languages other than English, too. If you started all your sentences in French with "fondamentalement, ..." you'd have the same issues.
Answer: It isn't wrong, but using the same word over and over and over isn't very interesting, either. If it's being used at the beginning of every sentence then it becomes a meaningless sound, like "um".


Can Panel Handle Hot Tub - 50 amps

Question: I am looking at purchasing a hot tub that requires 230v/50amp and I was wondering if my panel could handle it? Any help is much appreciate, image below..
Comment: Ah, the 8-penny nail handle tie. A classic. But a classic that should be replaced with a proper handle tie...
Comment: Can you post photos of the labeling on the inside of the panel's door please?
Comment: Looks probably ok, particularly since it looks like a 240v load was removed from an old furnace. The old furnace probably had some electric heat, if it was gas it likely would have been a single pole for a 120v motor.
Answer: The two open slots at the top right-hand side of the breakers looks from the photos as though it can handle a double breaker needed for 230V.
So from what you've shown the answer appears to be yes.

Can Panel Handle Hot Tub - 50 amps


grow a tooth, fall a tooth, and loose a tooth

Question: I've got a tooth grown.
I've got a tooth loosened.
I've got a tooth fallen.
Are the sentences above correct?
If no, how should I say them instead?
I'll be grateful to them, if anybody answers my question.
Comment: You would say, "I lost a tooth." Or, "One of my teeth fell out."  "I have a loose tooth."
Comment: It's not really clear what you want to say with these sentences. Can you please describe a situation when you might use each sentence, then we can suggest an appropriate alternative?
Comment: Suppose I had 28 teeth. But now I have 27. So can I say that 'I have a tooth fallen? If one of my teeth moves, can I say 'I have a tooth loosened'?  Am I clear to you now?
Answer: I am Canadian, so we might say it differently than say the UK. I think that none of your examples work.

My tooth has come in. / My tooth finally erupted*.  * less common.
I have a loose tooth. (A child might say a wiggly tooth.)
My tooth fell out. / I lost a tooth.

I can LINK  but all the link does is show you the language in use. I can't find a good dictionary definition.
Comment: That works for the US, too.
Comment: These would all be used in the US, too, for babies and young children. It would be pretty rare for the first situation to be in the first person, though, just because we only usually talk about baby teeth coming in, and babies aren't usually that articulate. I would add *(the baby/I) **cut a tooth*** for the first situation, in AmE. Also, if an adult tooth is *knocked* loose, it might be possible to say *I have a **loosened** tooth*.
Comment: @1006a -- I automatically thought of a wisdom tooth because the OP is adult enough to not be having baby teeth. Wisdom teeth come in in young adulthood -- seventeen years of age -- or so. Good point re 'cutting' a tooth.
Comment: @Willow Wisdom teeth might not erupt until later though.  In my early thirties, I had a wisdom tooth removed (there was enough room for it, and it had been for a number of years, but it broke crunching on an uncooked grain of rice). The x-ray at the time revealed that I had at least one other un-erupted wisdom tooth (that could, in principal, reveal itself someday).
Comment: @JoshuaTaylor  that is exceptional and this is about the English, not our dental experiences.. However, I had 5 wisdom teeth and one erupted in my 30s... ;)
Answer: None of those adjectives (words modifying the noun tooth) are quite correct. I would suggest new, loose, and missing.
A more important lesson to learn here is that you are putting these words in the wrong place. In English the adjective usually goes before the noun it modifies.

I've got a new tooth.
I've got a loose tooth.
I've got a missing tooth.
I lost a tooth. (no adjective in this one)
Answer:
I've got a tooth grown.

This sounds like you have a garden where you are growing teeth as plants or like bacteria in a petri dish.  You want to say this:

I've got a tooth grown in.

I've got a tooth loosened

This sounds like you asked to have someone loosen your tooth.  But in regards to a child having their first teeth fall out, the teeth "loosen themselves."  You want to say this:

I've got a loose tooth OR I've got a tooth loose.

I've got a tooth fallen

Fallen when used like this is synonymous with defeated in battle - which doesn't work with teeth unless you are fighting them, and really doesn't work with got unless you are a battle medic, etc.  You want to say this:

I've got a tooth that fell out OR My tooth fell out


Sync interbase database tables to SQL Server Database using .Net

Question: I need to sync SQL server database with the Interbase DB. Interbase is the live DB and main application works on this. Now customer wants to create an SQL server database and sync it with the live interbase database once everyday. I want to create an application, which can be scheduled to compare both Interbase and SQL Server databases and merge the SQL Server with all changes from the Interbase Server. Is there any way to do this using c# .Net?
Answer: Have a look at the Microsoft Sync framework - it's designed to do what you want, though not sure if there's a plug in for Interbase.


How to execute .jar with arguments from NSIS?

Question: I want execute a .jar with arguments from NSIS, like java -jar -Xmx1024M myjava.jar . But I don`t know how. Is this possible?
Answer: I solved the problem by my own. I created a exe with Python executing the command in the CMD and closes after this.
Comment: I don't really understand why cmd.exe needs to be involved.
Answer: Executing a .jar directly might not make that much sense in a installer but you can take the code from a simple NSIS Java launcher and use it in the installer if you only need to run this Java application once.
If the user is going to run it multiple times then it makes more sense to use a real Java launcher like Launch4j or one of the many other Java launchers out there.


Why are some food items advised against by the Vedas?

Question: The Vedas teach Hindus to avoid some food items. The list includes not only non-vegetarian food but also old food items in the vegetarian categories too (older in this sense means food items which are put in the fridge for more than one day and also items like pickle.) Also, it is advised to avoid items with too much peppery, salty, and sour taste. What is the basis for this? Are there any specific reasons behind this categorization?
Comment: possible duplicate of [What are Tamasic, Rajasic, and Sattvic foods?](http://hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/2659/what-are-tamasic-rajasic-and-sattvic-foods)
Answer: From Karma and the vegetable diet
In vegetables there is but one active tattwa, or elementary condition of matter. That is jal, which means 'water'. It refers to the liquid state of any substance. In insects there are two active tattwas, agni or 'fire', and vayu or 'air'. Agni refers to the resolving state, or heat; it means a transitional state of matter. Vayu refers to the gaseous condition of matter. In birds there are three active tattwas: jal, agni and vayu. In the higher animals there are four active tattwas: prithvi (earth), jal, agni and vayu. But in man, and in man alone, all five tattwas are active. As a matter of fact, all five tattwas are in everything in the world, but they are not active. Akash is the last one, which is active in man alone.
Now, the law by which we are governed is this: The greater the number of active tattwas that are combined in the living individual, the higher he is in the scale of evolution and also the greater the responsibility involved in killing that individual – hence, the greater the burden of karma assumed in killing. But since man has to eat something in order to continue his life here, the ancient sages and Masters selected the least harmful substances, that is, those things in the killing and eating of which there is the least karma to be assumed. They decided on vegetables; no animals at all. Of course, there is some karma to be assumed in eating vegetables, as there is life in them too. But in vegetables there is the lowest form of life, and hence the least karma involved. This is the chief reason why the saints do not approve of killing and eating animals.
The second reason is that the eating of animal food interferes with one's spiritual refinement. It drags a person down toward the animal plane. It is a fact that as long as one eats animals, he will be more or less like animals. It is unavoidable that we should become like what we eat, just as we become like that of which we constantly think. We must absorb its qualities to some extent. How could it be otherwise? That is but common sense, and I believe most people will agree to it. It may be tested by anyone. A heavy animal diet will always awaken the animal passions and drag one's thoughts down to the animal plane. But the disciples of the saints have as their chief aim and effort in life to rise above the animal plane and to unfold their spiritual powers. Hence they must not eat that which will pull them down to the animal level.

See more at: http://www.spiritualsatya.com/karma-and-the-vegetable-diet/#sthash.n2sHozSz.dpuf

Vegetarian and vegan ethics are not a recent fad in Asia, but a longstanding human aspiration and virtue- Mercy towards animals
Comment: Great answer sir...You should consider posting the same for this question too, [see the link](http://hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/97/why-can-we-eat-living-plants-but-not-living-animals?rq=1)
Comment: This answer is just RIDICULOUS as the whole world is made of the five tattwas. Restrictions of food are given mainly in Gita and some Tantras. Gita does not specify any names but Tantras do. And these include meats of various kinds
Answer: The answer to this question is given in the Gita shlokas 17.8-10.

Persons who are Sattvika by nature like foods that promote longevity, vitality, energy, health, happiness and cheerfulness, as also those that are juicy, soft, nourishing and agreeable. Gita 17.8
Persons who are Rajasa by nature like foods that are bitter, sour, salty, excessively heating, pungent, burning and thirst-producing as also what bring on uneasiness, depression and disease. Gita 17.9
Persons who are Tamasa by nature like foods that are stale, tasteless, putrid, decayed and unclean, and constitute the leavings of others. Gita 17.10

Gita seems to suggest that salty, sour types of foods encourage rajasa and can bring about depression and disease.


Java 8, Drools 5.x and Drools 7.x

Question: I am using Drools 5.x (drools-compiler 5.2.1.Final, drools-decisiontables 5.4.0.Final, and drools-templates 5.4.0.Final; jbpm-flow 5.1.1.Final, jbpm-bmpn2 5.1.1.Final and with their respective dependencies) for my Java job, I build/run it with Java 1.7.0_21.  My current set up works properly.  I am using a decision table (spreadsheet).
I am able to build/run my project with Java 1.8.0_162 using drools 5.x as described above; however, when the java job runs it loads the decision table (spreadsheet) but it does not fire up any of the rules, I am not getting an exception in the last line that gets executed:
Properties props = new Properties();

KnowledgeBuilderConfiguration configuration = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBuilderConfiguration(props);

KnowledgeBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newDecisionTableConfiguration(configuration);

DecisionTableConfiguration config = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newDecisionTableConfiguration();

config.setInputType(DecisionTableInputType.XLS);

kbuilder.add(ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource(spreadsheetFile), ResourcType.DTABLE, config);  // last line executed and then job exists and completes successfully.

Prior to the last line getting executed I put some debug logs and they show the following:

Properties (props):  {}
KnowledgeBuilderConfiguration (configuration): org.drools.compiler.PackageBuilderConfiguration@630cb4a4
KnowledgeBuilder (kbuilder):  org.drools.builder.impl.KnowledgeBuilderImpl@239bof9d
ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource(spreadsheetFile):  [ClassPathResource path='spreadsheet.xls']
ResourceType.DTABLE:  ResourceType = 'Decision Table'
DecisionTableConfiguration (config):  org.drools.builder.conf.impl.DecisionTableConfigurationImpl@150ab4ed
DecisionTableConfiguration (config.getInputType()):  XLS

So I decided to upgrade from drools 5.5.0 to 7.5.0 and use kie-api/kie-ci; I had to do some refactoring because now drools is part of the KIE (Knowledge Is Everything) umbrella, see the code below:
KieServices ks = KieServices.Factory.get();
KieContainer kc = ks.getKieClasspathContainer();
KieSession ks = kc.newKieSession("ksession-dtables");  //stateful session
FactHandle fh = ks.insert(fact);
ks.fireAllRules();

....
The packages and rules are loaded into the Knowledge Base but only the first rules fire up and then it stops, do I need to upgrade my decision table (spreadsheet) in order to work for drools 7.5.0 with Java 8?
Any suggestions are welcome.
Thanks!!
Comment: I am not having this issue with drools 6.5.0, everything seems to be working properly with drools 6.5.0
Answer: I started using drools 6.5.0 and everything works now.

Java 8, Drools 5.x and Drools 7.x


How do I automatically load a mode for a specific set of file extensions?

Question: I'd like to load the yaml-mode for any files named *.yml or *.yaml.
Comment: Read the [Elisp manual, node `Auto Major Mode`](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Auto-Major-Mode.html#Auto-Major-Mode), and you will be able to answer your own question: `auto-mode-alist`. **Oh, I see you did that, 10 seconds after you posted the question.** Maybe not a good idea to pump Q & A from the manual this way.  But I guess it is a question that will occur to people, and the answer will help them.  Too bad they will learn it this way, instead of learning it from Emacs itself.  Better to teach people how to find such answers, IMO.
Comment: Feel free to add this as an answer. I asked this question because it was one I solved in the past, and it was very similar to a proposed question in the area51 list.
Comment: No problem. Sorry if I sounded negative. As I said, the question and the answer *will* help people.
Comment: For what it is worth, this is very similar to a question that was asked during the proposal phase on area51: http://area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/76571/emacs/76640#76640
Comment: There's nothing wrong with asking such a question.  My comment was originally just the first sentence. IMO, it is good for people to get in the habit of asking Emacs itself first, and asking SE second. Emacs is a bit special in helping users this way - it is not your average SE topic. But users often need help *learning how to ask* Emacs.
Answer: Add these lines to your .emacs file:
(require 'yaml-mode)
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.ya?ml\\'" . yaml-mode))

The auto-mode-alist is a variable which emacs consults whenever a new file is opened. You can add mappings between filename patterns and major-modes.
You can find out more about how Emacs determines which modes to load for a given buffer from the Emacs manual.
Comment: "\\.ya?ml\\'" is the preferred form, since it's really the end of the string, not a newline. It actually makes a difference for file that have a newline in their name... 'foo.yaml\n.c' should really be a C file, not a yaml file (yes, it's pretty unlikely this will ever happen, but still)
Comment: It would be helpful if you also linked to the emacs manual where this information is given.
Comment: Since `yaml-mode` was installed as a package, I definitely needed the `(require 'yaml-mode)` line; otherwise, I would see the following error: `File mode specification error: (void-function yaml-mode)`.
Comment: Also the `(require 'yaml-mode)` is unnecessary if the mode is autoloaded (which is almost always the case). The library will be automatically loaded when you open a file with the correct file extension.


1992 Honda Accord LX Running hot, Fans not kicking on and heater not working

Question: I have a 1992 Honda accord LX. So first on what i changed was my Radiator and two of the hose's. And the car is still running hot. The fans arent kicking on when the car gets hot. But comes on when I Turn the car off. Also my heater isnt getting hot anymore. Could it be a Thermostat? I didnt start having this problem until i changed the Heater core to valve hose and my top radiator hose witch both of them hoses blew a hole in. Please any help will be greatful. Car only has 128,000 miles on it and alot of the stuff is all orgenal parts.
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair!
Answer: From your description it sounds like you might have two problems. It does sound as though your thermostat needs changed (overheating).
The second thing you need to check is if the relays to your fans are working. Check your relays by switching them out with other ones to see if they are working. You might be able to check your fans by turning on the A/C as well. If that doesn't work, apply power directly to the fans to see if they will power up. I don't believe your Accord has two temperature senders, but it might. If it does have two, one would feed the gauge on the desk and the other would tell the ECU what temperature the engine is, which would turn the fans on when it gets hot enough. You might be able to plug in a reader to see what the ECU believes is the temperature, though with it being a 92 I don't know if that's readily available.
Not sure why you'd be changing the radiator before the thermostat. The radiator costs a wee bit more. Plus, your description of the heat not working is fairly typical of a thermostat problem.
Comment: The reason I changed the radiator is because I thought it was leaking but I soon realized that wasn't the issue so now it has a new one so I won't have to worry about that anytime soon


Rotating Servo Motor using Arduino

Question: Using arduino, I'm trying to rotate a 360 servo that will move clockwise 5 seconds,pause and counterclockwise for 5 seconds and then completely stop. However, my servo just continuously keeps on rotating in one direction. Any suggestions will be helpful
Comment: Please post your code and circuit, otherwise we can't really help you.
Answer: you have not put your code here so i can not understand it properly.From what i understand you must have put your code for rotating the servo motor 5 times in void loop. Don't do that put loop for rotating servo 5 time in setup.
void loop run continuously so it must be rotating 5 time then again 5 time and so on.

Rotating Servo Motor using Arduino


Numbers in the music notation for Beethoven Virus

Question: I am going through this piece.
Here i am not able to figure out what does the numbers above the notes mean.
Answer: This is guitar fingering notation. Arabic numbers represent fretting hand fingers, from 1 (index) to 4 (pinky). 0 means open string.
Letters is Spanish notation of plucking hand fingers: p - thumb, i - index, m - middle, a - ring.
Comment: @Tim I suppose it is because you have middle and ring finger on second fret the measure before, so playing the d (3rd fret) with your ring finger would require you change your hand posture, while playing it with the pinky allows you to remain in the hand posture.
Comment: I question why,  (2nd bar) when playing the C with index (l.h.) anyone would need pinky for the D.
Comment: I can see the rationale for using the 4th finger in bar 2 but in bar 3? Nope, that should be a 3.
Comment: @JohnBelzaguy why "should"? Note this is a beginner piece and with the proposed fingering it can be played whole with the same hand position. Actually you could play this easy piece whole with any single finger of your choice. Using 3 in that place wouldn't be wrong, but I don't see benefit over 4.
Comment: @user1079505 Maybe should is not the right word but I do believe that it is better to use a 3 because the 4 makes one scrunch 4 fingers into the span of 3 frets and it is not logical to do that in that particular spot. The previous note is C, first fret first finger with nothing else but an open A.


Wordpress Custom Main Page

Question: Already costomised my theme's main page from Reading option in Settings tab(on Dashboard) and now how to display all posts under Blog link on it(ie, how to show all posts under blog).
Thanks
Answer: In reading options set blog to be the posts page.

Here you can set front page, and posts page. Both need to be static pages that you have created in Pages admin panel. Blog is just another page that you have specified in reading settings to show posts.

Wordpress Custom Main Page


How do you think a telepathic society will work?

Question: I'm currently trying to design a telepathic, mind-controlling alien species that resembles early theropods, like Dilophosaurus, or an abelisauridae, like Carnotaurus. My main concern is not the design, but the society. This society practically never invented anything besides giving the enslaved species ideas for them to make. What values they must carry, since they're nothing but very powerful moochers? How can they maintain the trust and authority over the enslaved species, especially as they are the ones who are thousand fold smarter?
Comment: Welcome @Carno to [World Building SE](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com). Please take our [tour], it only takes two minutes, I promise! Then, if you have more time take a look at the [help]. You question seems too broad and primary opinion based. Here we answers concise question, we don't make other stories, sorry. You should re-think it.
Comment: Well, since you're borrowing an idea from a known source, I'd actually suggest you read any Larry Niven story where the Thrint are involved. That would probably give you a good idea how such a society works.
Answer: Technological incompetence would be a late arriving trait in a telepathic/mind-controlling species, because prior to encountering another sapient species which they could enslave, they had to fend for themselves.
It could be, that due to limited intellectual potential, these creatures never evolved passed the hunter/gathering tribe level on their home world.  They may have domesticated animals early due to their mind-control abilities, but not yet mastered tool-use or cultivation of food crops.  Then a star ship arrived, containing their first batch of slaves.
If since then they have received no impetus to evolve beyond the tribal authority structure, then you might find them choosing leaders via mortal combat and a rigid pecking order, again enforced by combat.  Strength however would be measured in the ability to dominate other minds.  Blood combat, when present at all, would be handled by proxies.  Or for an even creepier vibe, their blood combat could take the form of a game of blood and dust.  One slave is thrown into an arena alone, with a knife and an hourglass.  The challenger must make the slave commit suicide while the champion tries to stop him.  If the slave survives till the hourglass runs out, the challenger looses.


Available edits to Work Order Overview FSL mobile

Question: I am attempting to make edits to what Salesforce refers to as the "work order carousel" on FSL mobile. Particularly the Work Order Overview layout. I would like to edit the Service Appointment card and remove the Contact information found in this layout.
The related knowledge article is here: https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=mfs_work_order_overview.htm&type=5
This defines the WO Overview but not how to make edits.
Comment: You can check WorkOrder --> Compact Layout to update FSL Mobile Screen.
Comment: did you find anything about that?
Answer: If you want to remove contact information on Overview Layout you need to set field level security(Unchecked for that particular Profile ) for contact field on Work Order Object
The Reason why it shows all the cards in overview is because contact is the child object to the WorkOrder.
Now on FSL App You wont see the contact information on Overview.


Vertical line for the the right margin in Notepad++

Question: Does anyone know if Notepad++ can display a vertical line on the right margin to indicated that the text will or will not fit on a printed page?  I have looked but I cannot find it.  Word wrap does work, but it wraps by my screen width, not by the width of a printed page.
Answer: As you said you do not actually want to print it, you may use the Vertical Edge Settings.

Setting > Preferences > Editing > Vertical Edge Settings > Input column position(s) seperated with space, for example 80 100

Vertical lines would then be shown at the positions specified (e.g. column 80 & column 100).
You can tick Background mode if you prefer highlighted text instead of a line.
(Tested in: Notepad++ v7.8.9)
In version 8.1.3, the above is under:

Settings > Preference > Margins/Border/Edge > Vertical Edge Settings
Comment: Only issue I have with the vertical edge is that Word Wrap doesn't respect it. It would be wonderful to be able to check a box in the editing preferences to get this behavior.
Comment: Yes, and for completeness, it moved from Editing to
Settings > Preferences > Margins/Border/Edge.
Comment: It's still there in v**6.8.8** (December, 2015).
Comment: @KeithS you are correct. notepad++ doesn't support this feature yet. https://superuser.com/questions/365225/how-do-i-wrap-lines-in-notepad-after-n-symbols
Comment: In newer *Notepad++* (7.8.6) the option is named Vertical Edge Settings, and allows to highlight several columns at once.
Answer: BTW You can also customize the color of that vertical bar here:
Answer: In case you are looking for this option in Notepad++ at ~v7.8, the setting is located near the center of the "Vertical Edge Settings" window under Settings > Preferences > Editing:
You can type in one or more numbers (separated by white space) to show one or multiple vertical lines.
In the example below, I have a "warning" line at line 70, and a hard limit at 80. Hope this helps.
Comment: this section has now moved to `Settings > Preferences > Margins/Border/Edge` (I am using v188.8.131.52)
Answer: this section has now moved to Settings > Preferences > Margins/Border/Edge (I am using v184.108.40.206)
Answer: To get a vertical line, go to Settings > Preferences > Margins/Border/Edge and type the line width in Vertical Edge Settings as a number:

Background mode modifies the color of the text instead of adding a line:

You can have multiple lines by typing multiple numbers, which makes Background mode impossible though:

To change the color of the line, go to Settings > Style Configurator. In Language: Global, Style: Edge colour's Foreground colour is what controls this.

This also affects the Background mode:

(This is as of Notepad++ v8.5.4 Jun 17 2023)
Answer:
I think modern Printers are able to
  auto adjust words so that can fit in
  the sheet. So don't worry about
  margins.

I suggest you use to Microsoft Word for typing documents that you want to print.
EDIT: I couldn't find anything that could provide a vertical margin in Notepad++. But as Workaround for text readability, once the text is written select all the text then press
Ctrl + I (shortcut for Split Lines). One Disadvantage is that you have to keep your window size steady i.e don't resize it.
Comment: Split LINES! CTRL+i BRILLIANT. NOTE: First, turn on word-wrap. This doesn't change your document, only the way it 'wraps' on the screen. Next, resize your window-width, select your text, then run this command. It will add new-lines to each line that goes beyond the window width.
Comment: I actually do not want to print it, I just want the code to look nice and appear in a readable fashion.  Having that line lets me know when to press 'ENTER'.


How can I say "big brother" or "big sister"?

Question: I have learned that fratineto and frateto are used for little sister and little brother. What about big sister and big brother? Fratinego and Fratego sounds strange to me.
Answer: I disagree that frat(in)eto is the only or even the best way to say "little brother/sister." What I say is (mal)granda frat(in)o.
A quick check in the Tekstaro (checking only "Zamenhofaj" texts) shows that forms with granda are more common, and it seems that forms with -et- usually refer to younger siblings who are still small, or it's used as a caress form.
Checking the Tekstaro for adjectives used immediately before "frat-" suggests a few good aleternatives.

pli juna fratino
maljuna fratino
la malgrandan fratinon
ia malgranda fratino
viajn plej maljunajn kaj plej junajn fratinojn;
La plej aĝa frato
liaj du pli aĝaj fratoj.
mia malgranda fratino

And even

mia malgranda frateto

My recomendation - any variation with aĝa or granda is fine. Juna works too.
Answer: It is not routine for the concept to be compressed into one word; people generally say pli aĝa and malpli aĝa (pli juna) frat(in)o.
However, -eto and -ego do appear in print and they seem perfectly fine to me, a very sensible and appropriate use of those suffixes, particularly if relative age is socially important (e.g. in East Asia). So if you are hunting for a single word then feel free to say fratego, fratinego, etc.
Answer: Estas proverbo Pliaĝa frato estas dua patro do big brother estas pliaĝa frato.
There is a proverb Pliaĝa frato estas dua patro (Big brother is second father) so big brother is pliaĝa frato.
Comment: Is there an Esperanto translation of _Nineteen Eighty-Four_? Would be interesting to see how Big Brother was translated there.
Comment: @OliverMason [There is one](https://cindymckee.com/librejo/Orwell,George-1984.pdf). "Big Brother" is translated as *Granda Frato*, but it doesn't mean that it's a good translation of "big brother" in the sense of "older brother".
Comment: True. It has a different meaning, but I thought it might be interesting to see what option was chosen for that one.


Factory reset doesn't delete everything

Question: I tried to perform a factory reset on my phone to give it to a friend of mine. However, I realised that when I installed Whatsapp, I can still have my chats, my photos and songs aren't deleted as well. What is wrong with this?
Answer: It looks like your /sdcard partion is not getting wiped. You need to specify more information but I'm assuming you're using a Custom Rom or at least, a Custom recovery. A stock recovery will as far as I know wipe /sdcard too. Only a Custom ROM by default wouldn't do so. So there's nothing unordinary here. Boot into recovery (I can't tell how since you didn't mention your phone's model) and you can use the options there to wipe any partion you want.
Comment: Also note that for a really "safe clean", factory-reset won't be sufficient – you might wish to really wipe, to make it impossible to recover "old contents". Apps helping you with that can e.g. be found in my list here: [Safe Data-Wipe](https://android.izzysoft.de/applists/category/named/security_datawipe)
Comment: Hello. my phone is a samsung s5, it has custom rom
Answer: Maybe because there's cloud backup?
See, what will happen if after a factory-reset, a whatsapp messenger with different account is installed? What will happen to our conversations? (assuming there's no cloud backup)

Factory reset doesn't delete everything


Ask ISP for all dynamic IP?

Question: Would it be possible to ask your ISP for all dynamic IP's that your modem has had/was given? I have to prove ownership of a game account but I do not know which dynamic IP I had when I registered the account.
Comment: on a human level, just being in the same subnet ip pool would be pretty convincing to me...
Comment: It doesn't hurt to ask your ISP. Some ISP's, especially small ones, might be happy to help you with that request. Generally, most ISP's have the ability to do this quickly as part of this type of request is frequently asked for by law enforcement and/or requested for a variety of lawsuits. Every ISP will behave a little bit differently when asked but it's a reasonable request. My question is how would the game company not know you just forged such an e-mail or letter. I kind of question the value of their authentication mechanism here.
Comment: This would depend varying on each ISP. Some countries have laws governing how long ISP's need to maintain IP addressing distribution information and others don't. The second piece to the puzzle is convincing your ISP to give it to you as I would imagine Level 1 support don't have access to those logs.
Comment: @dandavis exactly thank for that I though that would be convincing as well but the customer support don't seem to be able to look at the facts.
Comment: @TreyBlalock he doesn't need the email, just the IP address. If it matches the IP stored in their database, he can recover his account more likely.
Comment: If you don't need a letter from the ISP (per question asked) do you ever log into a system who's logs you have access too. Things like secure shell and web logs will record your IP and timestamp the date. If you don't need an official statement from your ISP you could build a lot of relevant logs from there.
Answer: TL;DR: You shouldn't need to, linking account to IP is bad practice.
Requiring a specific public IP to identify an user is unwise from the perspective of the online game team.
Someone may create an account from his smartphone whilst connecting through several random free WiFi hotspots and he would never be able to reproduce the same public IPs.  Binding an account to an IP is a bad idea, and using IPs to check a user's identity is as error prone as asking him questions about his behaviour.  It is no wonder that Google calls your phone (or your backup phone) when you fail to remember part of your MFA (or lost you main phone).
Real world example
As someone who monitors user activity I never require exact IPs to prove that a certain user is himself.  Instead I compare, in a handful of GeoIP databases (3 different ones), the location of the user's current IP and the one that was used during the registration (or other incident with the user).  Although GeoIP databases are unreliable, using several of them and then taking the median is often good enough.
If I find that the location is very close and the same ISP is managing the IP, I have no reason to disbelieve the user.  If the user registered his account in South Africa and is now, say, two days later, connected to my website from Alaska claiming "problems with the account" I cut communications on the spot.
On the other hand, if I am still in doubt about a user's intentions after I checked his location and ISP I actually perform a ruse and email him something random.  For example:

Oh yes, I think, I see your problem!  You created the account whilst you were in Marseilles, that's why I could not find it.  Am not 100% sure if I'm looking at the right log though, was that you?

(Of course I never got any connection from the given user from Marseilles.)  A user confirming this is obviously not the owner of the account.

That's a simplistic example but works pretty well in practice (moreover since this is in the same context of an online game).  And as @dandavis already said, this is pretty similar to the fact that the same IP pool is convincing enough.
This kind of bad practice kills a business.  Notably because of the example with the smartphone above, you can't ask a user who was surfing your page/app/game on a random free WiFi to get the IP address.  And users who forget their passwords and erase cookies, or simply cannot remember how to login are very common.
Answer: It's unlikely that you will be able to navigate your ISP's bureaucracy in order to find your IP address history (if they even log it, and if any of their admins are able to find it... and they may have some legally motivated reasons not to).
Something you can try if you use any online cloud services (like Google or Gmail) is you can look at your account activity and see what IP addresses accessed your account at that time.

Ask ISP for all dynamic IP?


Load external page and insert Javascript?

Question: I am creating a website that need to load any page, for example Google.com, and insert some javascript to load with the page.
Example: http://hsmaker.com/harlemshake.asp?url=http://stackoverflow.com
WARNING: May be annoying ;)
Load the page and search for "harlem" and you'll see it adds this:

    <audio controls="controls" autoplay="autoplay" loop="loop">
        <source src="http://hsmaker.com/sound/harlemshake.ogg" type="audio/ogg" />
    </audio>

As you can see, it loads the website (like if you went to the page) and it adds that code to it. I'm thinking about doing an iframe around the stuff, but as far as I know, you can't add javascript to iframe, so it's definately not how they do it.
Thanks in advance
Answer: The bit you are wanting is not done with javascript. They are scraping the page server side and modifying it before it hits the browser.
Comment: So use cURL to scrape the website and submit the website?
And then use HTML DOM to find the place to submit the code?


DXA+ JAVA: Managing specific errors (404,500)

Question: When there's a error in the app, like 404 or 500 error, we would like to know if there's a standard using DXA to manage this kind of errors in 2 different pages. Currently, we are seeing that by default dxa goes always to a generic error page /error.
Answer: IIRC DXA has a Tridion managed page for 404 errors, which you can add whatever content you like to, but 500 errors show a non-Tridion managed error page (as with 500 errors there is no guarantee that Tridion Content Delivery is even available to load a page).


Wordpress: Pass URL parameter to shortcode to create a dynamic page (without editing a template's functions.php)

Question: Before you tell me this question has been asked dozens of times, let me say that I read more than thirty posts on here and elsewhere. Either the explanations are partial and vague, or the proposed code doesn't fit my needs, e.g. the suggestion is to edit the template (which I read wasn't best practice). I'll explain what I want to do and then show the code I already have. My experience with Wordpress is two days long, so bear with me.
I have started writing a plugin (so that I can use it regardless of the theme). I am using a class, not writing the functions directly in the plugin's php file.
The first function I have queries the database to get an array containing a list of translators. Then I pass this array to another function to process the array and make it into a list (with HTML ul and li). I add an anchor tag around the translator's name so that clicking it will open a dynamic page that will show full details about the translator.
To accomplish the above, I have two more functions: one to query the database to get all the relevant details, and another to process the resulting array and apply some basic formatting to it.
All of the above are inside a class. After initiating the class, I add two shortcodes: one is for the formatted translators list, which works as expected. The other one is for the translator details. This is where I can't figure out what to do and how to do it. I did succeed in manually passing the translator's ID to the page but I want to do this dynamically, so that translatorID is passed to the shortcode.
class CT_translator {

private function get_translators_list() {
    global $wpdb;
    return $wpdb->get_results(
        $wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM translators_details ORDER BY translatorID ASC")
    );
}

public function format_translators_list() {
    $results = $this->get_translators_list();
    $list = "
";
    foreach($results as $result) {
        $list .= "
translatorID."\">".$result->firstName." ".$result->paternalName." ".$result->familyName." — ".$result->city."
";
    }
    $list .= "
";
    return $list;
}

private function get_translator_details($translatorID) {
    global $wpdb;
    return $wpdb->get_results(
        $wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM translators_details WHERE translatorID = %s", $translatorID)
    );
}

public function format_translator_details($translatorID) {
    $results = $this->get_translator_details($translatorID);
    $list = "";
    foreach($results as $result) {
        $list .= "
".$result->firstName." ".$result->paternalName." ".$result->familyName." — ".$result->city."
";
        $list .= "
".$result->email.", ".$result->phone.", ".$result->address."
";
    }
    return $list;
}
}

Initiate the class:
$CT_translator = new CT_translator();
Add the two shortcodes:
add_shortcode("list_translators", array($CT_translator, 'format_translators_list'));

add_shortcode("view_translator", array($CT_translator, 'format_translator_details'));

This is how I call the translators' list in the page:
[list_translators]
And this is the manual shortcode for viewing a translator's details:
[view_translator translatorID="1"]
I read that in order for Wordpress to be able to recognise my variables (in this case translatorID), I need a function to add this variable to Wordpress' existing variables, e.g.:
public function add_query_vars($aVars) {
    $aVars[] = "translatorID";
    return $aVars;
}

Then I would need to add another function to rewrite the URL so that the last part is understood as a variable:
public function add_rewrite_rules($aRules) {
    $aNewRules = array('prevodach-info/([0-9]+)/?$' => 'index.php?pagename=prevodach-info&translatorID=$matches[1]');
    $aRules = $aNewRules + $aRules;
    return $aRules;
}

And when I add the two filters (outside the class):
add_filter('query_vars', 'add_query_vars');
add_filter('rewrite_rules_array', 'add_rewrite_rules');

everything goes bang! Nothing loads and there's a ton of errors.
Comment: What are the errors?
Comment: I use shortcodes with parameters in my plugin. I don't add anything to rewrite rules or query_vars. I'm not sure from your writeup why you think you need to.
Comment: Thanks for replying, @PaulSwarthout. Maybe because I don't understand how shortcodes are meant to work. Meanwhile, I have received help and solved the problem. I will post the solution shortly.
Answer: I received help from someone who is not a member of StackOverflow, and the problemw as solved.
It turns out finding a way to pass the URL parameter to the shortcode, then from the shortcode to the function was not necessary. (Even if possible, I still don't know how it's done.)
All that was necessary was to capture the URL parameter inside the function using $_GET or $_REQUEST. From my humble experience writing PHP code, I thought capturing URL parameters inside a function was a bad decision.
So, here's what the amended function looks like:
public function format_translator_details($translatorID = "") {
    if(empty($translatorID)) {
        $translatorID = isset($_GET['translatorID']) ? $_GET['translatorID'] : "";
    }

    $list = "";
    if(!empty($translatorID)) {
        $results = $this->get_translator_details($translatorID);
        foreach($results as $result) {
            $list .= "
".$result->firstName." ".$result->paternalName." ".$result->familyName." — ".$result->city."
";
            $list .= "
Превежда от и на ".$result->langNameBG." език.
";
            $list .= "
".$result->email.", ".$result->phone.", ".$result->address."
";
        }
    }
    return $list;
}

And the shortcode is simply [view_translator].


What is purpose of an Undervoltage Sensing Circuit?

Question: I am wondering what is the purpose of an IC such as the MC34064. Is it just to ensure a reset of microcontrollers upon power up or are there other reasons? I used to make a simple transistor switching circuit (with RC) for resetting microcontrollers in the old days. I am asking because the name of this IC is "undervoltage sensing" and not "reset IC" or something similar.
Comment: The transistor reset works great as a power-on reset. But the under-voltage sensing circuit also guarantees that the processor will be reset if voltage droops below some threshold. This helps guarantee correct operation of the processor.
Answer: I guess you are trying to understand why you need an IC to do what a simple transistor could do "in the old days", which is pulling a reset pin low (or high), right? If that's the case, a couple of reasons are:

The trigger point can be precisely set, as the IC has its internal bandgap reference voltage. With a simple transistor, it's harder to trigger at a very specific value reliably.
You can set a specific time for the reset pin to stay low when it's triggered (which is harder to do with simple transistors). Many ICs have strict requirements with minimum reset assertion time.
This type of ICs usually operates down to low voltages (in this case 1V) guaranteeing that it will work reliably for large voltage drops on the power rail.

The fact that they label it as UV sense instead of IC reset doesn't really matter as they clearly describe the purpose that this IC has been designed for, which is to reset a microprocessor.
Comment: From a marketing perspective, "Undervolt Sensing" does imply that the circuit is designed to operate sanely as the voltage drops.
Answer: From the product page at On Semi website.
."The MC33064/MC34064 is an undervoltage sensing circuit specifically designed for use as a reset controller in microprocessor-based systems."
Answer: There is a bunch of voltage-sensitive activity inside a MCU, and not all activity has problems at the same (out of spec) VDD.
A precise UVD ensures all the activities get the desired VDD, even tho some are still functioning properly.
Comment: This has happened to me. In a consumer, handheld device. If you dropped it when the battery was low (alkaline batteries) you could get a momentary battery disconnect, and part of the processor would reset, while other parts kept running. Result for consumer was not acceptable (played garbage audio at high volume). We fixed it by changing the battery contact design so disconnect was not possible (full floating springs on both sides). An under-voltage reset would also have fixed it, but the mechanical change was easier and cheaper.
Answer: In a normal usage, the user will press the power button to turn a device off. When the MCU sense the button press, it will initiate shut down sequence and the firmware should set the pointer to the beginning of the program.
When there's a power outages or maybe the user just switch off the plug. The undervoltage pin should able to sense these disturbance before the MCU run out of power from it's bulk cap. The firmware should quickly set the pointer to the beginning of the program as to prepare for the next power up. So when next time the device is power up, it should work as normal.
If you're using for simple IO commands, you may not need it as it's ok to continue running from where the pointer last location. However if you need to initialize a lot of ICs using I2C for example, then initialize pointer to the beginning is important.
Answer: Undervoltage situations can be bad for microcontrollers and memories. Many microcontrollers have a basic undervoltage protection system built in for this reason. The most common failure mode is corrupted flash memory, due to low voltage making the flash memory write controller malfunction.
Another common use for undervoltage sensors is to protect batteries. Many types of battery do not like being discharged to very low voltages, either because they leak or because they cannot be fully recharged afterwards. LiPo and NiMH cells are damaged by over-discharge, for example. It can be hard to get a complex circuit to go into a low current state when voltage gets low, but an undervoltage sensor connected to a FET between the circuit and the battery is quite effective and cheap.


I cannot enter a new email to log in to Google again

Question: I quite recently changed both my mail adress any my password for my google account. When I now try to use my phone (any Google services) I get a screen: Verify that it's you (You were signed out of your Google Account. Sign in again to continue.)
When I hit next a new screen comes up: Sign in with your Google Account
Then there is a text field that says Email or phone. However in this very text field my old email that used to be associated to my account is written there. When I tap that field nothing happens. I cannot edit / clear that field I can only use my old email. When I hit "forgot email?" it leads to account recovery. If i hit next it says "Couldn't find your Google Account" (fair enough I changed my email...)
What can I do, I tried restarting my phone, resetting Google Play and Google Play services in the app settings.
I do not have any issues loging in with my computer, only smartphone wise that weird phenomenon occurs. Thanks in advance for any help!
Comment: settings - accounts - google - remove
Answer: You can remove the Google account from your phone by going to the settings > Accounts menu. There may be some differences in the name or location of the settings entry based on which company made your phone, but it should be something like that.
You can then add your new email/password combo to login to your modified Google account and everything should be fine. The associated accounts are not stored within the data of individual apps (like Play Store or YouTube) and that is why clearing their data does not make a difference.


IFTTT Instagram to Twitter applet not working

Question: An applet I have for posting from Instagram to Twitter isn't working. When I click "check now" all I get is a message saying "We can't check your applet right now" and it always give the same message. The applet never run and the only item that appears in the activity log is the creation of the applet. I used to have applets like this one which worked perfectly, what can it be?
Comment: Have you tried contacting their support? They can supply more information on the errors. I did it a few times and got a bit more detailed error that helped me figure out the problem.
Comment: Maybe there's a usage limit from one of the sides?
Comment: 3 years later and I'm having the same issue. I tried a test post without hashtags as suggested here, but it hasn't fired yet, after running a check. When I run a check it just says "Check completed". I have checked to make sure that the services are connected to the right accounts. I will try to contact support.
Comment: Honestly I dont remember how these things worked because it's been years since I dont use them but apparently I "solved it" by switching to another free service with the same features.
Comment: I sent them a Tweet. I have tried three different applets, one that I created myself including the caption and source URL, one by Twitter, and one by Instagram. None of them worked. OK I will try that, but I am skeptical whether it will work if you couldn't get it to work.
Comment: Searching "Instagram to Twitter not working": https://www.ecosia.org/search?q=IFTTT+instagram+to+twitter+not+working&addon=firefox&addonversion=4.0.4
Answer: Do your IG posts have a lot of hashtags? I stumbled across this forum Q bc my latest IG post kept failing to fire IFTTT to Twitter, and I got the same error message as you when I tried to check the applet. After the third time I then tried it again with just a simple "test" caption and suddenly it worked fine. I have posted long captions before so I don't think it was the character limit per se, but I think the problem post couldn't tweet because of something in the caption.
Comment: @Pablo if you solved it, even if with another service - it would be great if you right an answer about it, in case someone else encounter it. Although if it doesn't work maybe it's not relevant (but in general)
Comment: Hi, what you wrote sounds like a comment, not an answer. However, I do see that you have some information here that can be relevant as answer. Would you edit you answer to make it [fit the site better](https://webapps.stackexchange.com/help/how-to-answer)? Sources and references would be also great.
Comment: they have zero hashtags
Comment: BTW, I "solved" this by switching to another similar service (Zapier) but now they have the same problem.


How can I get something to crumble instead of explode while using the cell Fracture addon?

Question: I am making an earthquake and I use the cell fracture addon to make my buildings separate pieces but instead of the buildings crumpling like they should, they explode. Please Help.
Answer: Ensure collision margins of the rigid bodies are set to zero, and the physics iterations are high enough to handle whatever simulation you run... also increase the physics time step to a higher value.... it's also sometimes useful to check the "start disabled" checkbox in the rigid bodies tab... this should stop the objects moving until a collision occurs


Secure and HttpOnly flag for load balancer cookie

Question: Is it necessary or recommended to add Secure and HttpOnly flag to load balancer cookies? In my application, I have three cookies: BIGipServer~..., TS01702dcd and IDSESSION, where IDSESSION serves as a session identifiers.
Should I add this flags to all three cookies?
Answer: HttpOnly - Flag tells user-agent(browse) to use cookie only in communication and do not allow access of cookie programmatically in JavaScript.
Secure - Flag tells user-agent to send cookie in communication only if communication medium is secure (HTTPS not HTTP)
If your cookie used in any HTTP communication then you may need to disable Secure flag but its not recommended.
Answer: I'd assume you don't want to share at least BIGipServer and IDSESSION with malicious users, because first one probably leads to information disclosure and second - to session hijacking. If there is a probability of an XSS in your application then mentioned flags are definitely necessary.
Answer: It is recommended that you add those flags to those cookies and only remove them if you have a business need.
Secure:  You should be using TLS, so this is a hard yes.
HttpOnly: Only if the browser needs to access the cookie from Javascript.  Load-balancer cookies shouldn't be modified from the browser anyway.


Half life of Nitrofurantoin

Question: Both wikipedia and Toxnet list the half-life of Nitrofurantoin as 20-60 minutes in the blood plasma. Can anyone explain how this is so short, especially for an antibiotic, and how it still has time to be effective.
Comment: This question may be better off on Biology.SE
Comment: Nah. We're just talking pharmacokinetics.
Answer: Answer to your question is within the same Wikipedia page, which states following:

Mechanism of action: Nitrofurantoin is concentrated in the urine, leading to higher and more effective levels in the urinary tract than in other tissues or compartments. With a $\pu{100 mg}$ oral dose, plasma levels are typically less than $\pu{1 \mu g/ml}$ while in the urine it reaches $\pu{200 \mu g/ml}$. The mechanism of action is unique and complex. The drug works by damaging bacterial DNA, since its reduced form is highly reactive. This is made possible by the rapid reduction of nitrofurantoin inside the bacterial cell by flavoproteins (nitrofuran reductase) to multiple reactive intermediates that attack ribosomal proteins, DNA,[38] respiration, pyruvate metabolism and other macromolecules within the cell. Nitrofurantoin exerts greater effects on bacterial cells than mammalian cells because bacterial cells activate the drug more rapidly. It is not known which of the actions of nitrofurantoin is primarily responsible for its bactericidal activity. The broad mechanism of action for this drug likely is responsible for the low development of resistance to its effects, as the drug affects many different processes important to the bacterial cell.

High availability of nitrofurantoin in the urine ($\pu{200 \mu g/ml}$) compared to that in plasma ($\pu{1 \mu g/ml}$) is due to its high solubility in the urine. At this concentration, it exceeds the requirement for minimum inhibitory concentration for bacteria ($\pu{32 \mu g/ml}$), and as a result, nitrofurantoin becomes bactericidal in urine at therapeutical doses ($\pu{100 mg/capsule}$). Keep in mind that reduced nitrofurantoin (its metabolite by nitrofuran reductase) is much more reactive than nitrofurantoin, thus shorter half-life make it highly lethal to bacteria.
Answer:
Why is it effective with such a low half-life in the blood?

First, we need to see what it is used for. This drug is primarily used to treat urinary tract infections (UTI). Therefore, it needs to be delivered to the urinary tract. The short half-life is a benefit because the drug gets concentrated in the patient's urine, which kills bacteria in the urinary tract.

How is it metabolized?
Bioavailability is 80%, with roughly 25% of nitrofurantoin excreted in
the urine unchanged. Except in patients with severe renal failure,
serum concentrations are almost undetectable, with peak levels of
1 µg/mL. This is because of destruction of nitrofurantoin in the
tissues and, in particular, a very rapid renal elimination by
glomerular filtration (20%) and tubular secretion, resulting in a
serum half-life of only 20 minutes in patients with normal renal
function.

Source: Wikipedia page you referenced and ScienceDirect
Comment: "75% of the dose is rapidly metabolised by the liver, but 25% of the dose is excreted in the urine unchanged"
Comment: The main reason it has a short half life in the blood stream is that the liver metabolizes it quickly, whereas in the urine there is nothing to metabolize it. (It's stable on its own)
Comment: Note that the OP is asking  how  not  why. You may want to expand your answer.
Comment: Ok, will edit my answer @AvnishKabaj
Comment: Thanks @Zhe I was without internet for the last 30 mins or so.
Comment: I don't feel the answer is acceptable - it just spouts out what Wikipedia says, and doesn't address my question. I want to know how it is effective with such a short half life - your answer also appears to be wrong as per the comment from @Zhe
Comment: @NoahP what I am trying to get at is that the antibiotic isn't designed to treat blood infections: it treats UTI, which means it doesn't need to be in the blood
Comment: Presumably it also has a very short half life in the urinary tract too though, so how is it effective there?

Half life of Nitrofurantoin


What is causing the last two heads in a sprinkler/irrigation system to have no water pressure?

Question: Zone 2 of my irrigation system has 6 pop-up sprinkler heads but the last two do not pop up, nor is there any water coming from them at all. They are completely dry, even in the flex lines they are attached to. My assumption is that there is a break in the main PVC line after the last working head. So, I have been digging up this particular line to find the break, but with no luck. It's about 30 feet long and I'm about halfway with digging this line up. I was certain the roots from a nearby Queen Palm would have been the culprit but after clearing that area with no breaks I'm wondering if something else could be the problem, especially since I am seeing no water coming out of the ground after letting the zone run for a while. So, could this be a problem with the valve or is it definitely a break that I've yet to find? Should I keep on digging until I find it? This irrigation system was not being used for at least 3 years and only recently has been turned on for the first time, so I was expecting some work to be done.
Comment: If you have a leak, you will find it in the last spot you dig. Seriously though... one thing I might try is turn off the other sprinklers in the zone except for the two that don't work and see if they now work with the others off. That could indicate loss of pressure/flow in the system that might not always mean a leak. Water Co might have changed something. or could mean leak is anywhere on that zone. If still no water then keep digging past the last working one. Likely a break. If pipe is deep may not see the leak above ground.
Comment: If you can remove the sprinkler heads completely (mine can screw off), you can test if there is water flow. My line got some sand particles on install day, and ended up clogging the sprinklers at the end of the line.
Comment: Clogged in head filters and so much sand washed in that the sliders have seized since it's the end units. As @Hightower recommends, undo the threaded collar, pull the head out and see if you have water flow. If not then there's a solid blockage as usually if the line's broke enough to kill two end sprinklers, you'll have a soil quicksand mushy spot at the break and all the upstream sprinklers will be barely functioning.
Answer: To answer my own question after solving the issue...
If the problem is only at the last two heads and the first ones are fine, then it is definitely a problem occurring after the first heads and unlikely to be valve-related (though not impossible). A broken line is most likely in this case, since your last two heads are dry in the risers and flex lines (it's not the heads merely being clogged). Broken pipes can usually be revealed by looking for muddy soil after running the zone for several minutes, especially if it's a break so bad it is completely stopping your last two heads from receiving any water pressure at all. If the soil has become impacted inside the broken pipe it may be difficult for the water to escape and reveal the break.
One common method to this problem is to increase the water pressure to the break and force the water out. It will not be so much pressure that damage can be done to the PVC joints and heads (as it will only be for a few minutes nor will the PSI be any higher than the output of your main water line or jet pump). This increase in pressure can be done by capping off all the sprinkler heads in the problematic zone. This will put more force on the possible break and on the soil that may be clogged in the pipe. After several minutes the leak may reveal itself. I'm sure there are several ways to cap off sprinkler heads, but the most common and simplest method is to buy PVC threaded caps (3/4" or 1/2" depending on your risers) that screw right on to the risers.
Comment: I should have left an answer and not a comment as my first response. Had to skip over some details to fit. For the driveway head if you ever want to replace the riser with Swing Joint/Funny pipe type deal it will minimize the chances of that happening again. Sprinklers near driveways tend to get driven on and walked on a lot. The flexible pipe in the swing joint won't crack like a riser will.
Comment: In most cases you don't need to buy caps. With spray nozzles and I believe gear rotors you can turn the screw on the top all the way clockwise to shut off the flow. Impact sprinklers I don't think can be shut off this way. Your answer is written in the third person. What did you actually do to solve the problem and where did you find the leak?
Comment: Great tip about turning down the nozzles to shut off the heads. I didn't realize turning the nozzles down all the way would be equal to capping off the heads (I thought they might still seep water). I found the leak by capping off all the heads on the zone (except the two that weren't getting any water anyways) and the increase in water pressure revealed the leak which was located at the elbow under a riser on a head near the drive way. It was probably run over at some point in the past. This head was actually completely buried and I had no idea it was there.
Answer: I agree with PJS1987. Another option is they sell a plug and play camera that would save a lot of digging and yard damage. Just plug into your laptop and stick in the pipe. Worked great for me to find a broken drain pipe.
http://www.amazon.com/Eggsnow-Borescope-Endoscope-Inspection-Camera/dp/B00L8OEHEM


Actual explanation of bragg's law and diffraction

Question: When We consider X-ray diffraction by a crystal, We account for the path difference between the rays reflected by the successive lattice planes. However, Light is scattered by the atoms on the lattice plane, Which travels in all the directions. But we consider interference between only these two parallel rays and check the constructive and destructive interference. I have tried to search from various sources, But I have never found a solution which considers all the rays and considers the superposition of all such waves and then determine the conditions for maxima and minima.
Answer: The shortest explanation in detail that I have seen is by Feynman.
https://www.amazon.com/QED-Strange-Princeton-Science-Library/dp/0691164096/
The radically shortened version of Feynman's already brief explanation goes like so.
Yes, light scatters in all directions. The chance to observe a photon at a given location depends on the amplitude of the wave at any given location.
So an array of atoms, such as in some crystals, can act as a series of sources. Because each one is acting as a source that gets activated by the same photon, they act in phase modified by path length. The path to-and-from each atom tells you how much the phase of each photon changes between the source and the detector.
At some locations you get constructive interference because the path length to that point happens to be exactly (or nearly) an integral number of wavelengths different from the path to the neighboring atoms. At other locations or at other angles, it's not integral. So things tend to wash out.


Laplace Relation to Capacitors and Inductors

Question: Can anyone recommend a good resource to understand how a capacitor works as an integrator and an inductor works as differentiator? I'm looking for something to show me how the laplace transform comes into play, resulting in 1/(sC) and (sL) for impedances. Thanks!
Comment: You can (and at some point should) look at the physics and the math, but there's something to be said for a function generator, a scope, and an assortment of inductors, capacitors, and resistors.
Comment: Use SPICE. Most versions include Laplace stuff.
Comment: There are too many things to consider to answer this question properly. For instance caps can be differentiators and inductors can be integrators. It all depends on the circuit and what you are looking at i.e. current or voltage. Laplace transformation is quite deep and I wouldn't like to attempt a general answer given that I don't know how much you know on the subject. I look forward to a decent answer on this - don't forget to tell me!!!
Comment: I know a decent amount about the laplace transform, and I was referring to the how (physically) a capacitor operates as an integrator and how an inductor acts as a differentiator for voltage.
Answer: Most simply 1/s is the Laplace operator for integration, and s, for differentiation. Start with the differential equations describing the reactive circuit elements, like so.
\$ i=C\frac{dV}{dt} \$
\$ V=\frac{1}{C}  \int i dt \$
\$ V = L \frac {di}{dt} \$
Now, try to replace things with the Laplace operators and a simple Ohms Law relationship V=iR and see what the complex impedances must be.
For example, \$ V(s) = \frac{1}{C} \frac{1}{s} I(s) \$
yields an effective impedence of \$ \frac{1}{sC}\$, and it would be a similar derivation for inductance.
It all comes from the relationships between the Laplace operators and the differential equations.  This used to be routinely taught in differential equations classes, and engineering students would eventually fill in the blanks to understand how it applied to what they learn in circuits.  Unfortunately, diffeqs are just not taught with the same rigor anymore.
Comment: Thanks for the reply. I know these equations for the current and voltage of capacitors and inductors, respectively. I was actually hoping for a resource that would explain more of the physical aspect that creates these relationships.
Comment: Energy storage in magnetic and electric fields - as illustrated by Maxwell's equations...
Comment: That's a little more complex, but since you understand how firmly rooted the relationship is in the differential equations, any basic signals book can show you how to derive, say, the integral property from the definition of the Laplace transform.  Actually, the derivations might be easier to follow in Fourier space, but they'll be very similar.
Comment: That was a decent answer
Answer: Integration is a continuous form of summation. We take infinitesimal pieces of a function and, well, integrate them to make a sum.
A capacitor physically integrates by packing electrons and developing charges across its plates.  The current charge on a capacitor is the result of all previous current flow: the integral of the current function from minus infinity to the current time.
Think of the capacitor's charge as a bank account balance. The bank account current balance is the result of the opening balance (initial charge) plus the sum of all of the transactions since opening (all tiny pieces of the current flow this way and that way, added together).
An inductor works differentially because whereas it develops a magnetic field proportional to the current flowing through it, only changes in the magnetic field generate a voltage. An inductor with a steady DC current flowing through it is bathed in a magnetic field, but that field does not change and so the inductor does not develop a voltage. To obtain changes in the magnetic field, we must change the current.  The current is a function of time, and a derivative of any such a function gives us another function which informs us of the rate of change in time. For instance, derivative of position is velocity, and the derivative of that is acceleration.  If you visualize current flow as a speed, then the inductor voltage indicates its acceleration, so to speak.
Comment: Excellent answer! Thanks so much for the reply - you really clarified the topic for me.


Middle English pronunciation of digraphs

Question: I was reading Chaucer and I am unsure on the pronunciation of "ch" and "wh". It's written in the guide that all "ch" is read as in "church" and it makes sense in words like "chivalrye", but sounds awkward in "Christendom" which was probably going a different route when it was being borrowed, since I am not aware of any neighbouring languages that would not give it a "k" or "kh" sound. I wasn't able to find the sound for what was written as "wh" in the text I have. Was it the same as Modern English, or was it closer to a German "w"?
Comment: The *Ch* of *Christ* was never pronounced like *church*. Ever.
Comment: The sound of "wh" has apparently stayed the same from Old English to Modern English (in those dialects that currently distinguish it from "w"), so presumably this is the sound Chaucer used. See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English#Phonology).
Answer: All guides to the pronunciation of Chaucer's Middle English tell you to pronounce Germanic or French words with the ch-digraph as modern church, but they assume you're clever enough to know that in words of Greek origin like Christ or chronicle, where the digraph is standing in for a χ (chi), that it is pronounced with a k sound.
By Chaucer's day the wh-digraph in who and whom had already reduced to an h, but in other words, the wine-whine merger was still far in the distance. If Wales and whales are homophones in your flavor of English, then you will have to find someone from parts of Ireland, Scotland, or the Southern United States to teach you the sound.
This consonant is rendered in IPA as /ʍ/, the voiceless labialized velar consonant, but there is nothing velar in the pronunciation of those English speakers who preserve the wine-whine distinction except in moments of extreme agitation when they feel compelled to yell at you. It's best rendered /hw/, that is, a /w/ with a brief aspiration.
As a freebie, let me tell you how to pronounce the gh-digraph after mid and front vowels /ç/ on the assumption you've heard the name Bach or Scottish Loch pronounced often enough to cover the back vowels. Chaucer pronounced night more or less like the Modern German nicht. And the way you get that sound is: kick, freeze, blow.  Say the word kick and don't move anything. Then blow air through what you've got. That's the sound you want.
Comment: Now **that** is interesting. I was wondering how to stop fellow singers using *Ish* for *Ich.* Thanks for the freebie!
Comment: @AndrewLeach: the worst is Beethoven: Alle mention verrrden breeder. I have tricks for that too, but it may be a lost cause.


Does passive trace start in Uplink, if I don't log in as an admin?

Question: What if I use monitor bypass, password breaker, and after I got the password, I disconnect. No admin login, nothing in the logs, except the connection and the disconnection. Will they still passively trace me?
Answer: Although there's little enough proof in the game that a passive trace is in progress until your server is raided, security response is alerted the second you start the password cracker.  That starts the active trace, but that part is the obvious part.
The log trail of connections from server to server is still there, and that's what the passive trace acts on.  Since you've created a security reaction, regardless of whether you use the password you obtained, it's safe to say a passive trace is in progress.
(I will attempt to test this at a later time since the game offers little proof, unless you wait for a passive trace to succeed and offer up your save game profile as a sacrifice, which is what I will try)
Comment: Alright, I tried to brake the password (only the password) of a bank. I connected directly, and used a Monitor Bypass. I got the pass. After that I waited for a week, and nothing. Guess that's working than. Thanks for the help!


Why is Franky's Strong Right a rollercoaster car?

Question: When watching episode 583, I noticed that Franky's Strong Right attack looked like a roller coaster car. Is this just a design choice or some hidden pun?
Comment: After thinking it over a bit I think it might actually be a pun right/ride with almost the same pronunciation, Strong ride.
Comment: Whoa, that's a pretty good pun. I totally agree. Nice catch there.
Answer: According to Frankie article on One Piece Wiki that is actually meant to be a flame-shaped plate.

Strong Right (ストロング右(ライト) Sutorongu Raito?): A new version of the original Strong Right, Franky launches his much bigger right fist at his opponent akin to a rocket, with a chain to retract it. The fist also has flame-shaped plates on the sides with "STRONG" written on them that seem to be purely for aesthetic design. His fist also seems to have an electrical charge. This was first seen used against the attackers on Punk Hazard.

This indeed make much more sense than a rollercoaster car and is more fitting with Franky robot style.
Comment: @PeterRaeves Yeah, I liked the idea. All tough I will most likely always look at it as if it is a roller coaster cart ;)
Comment: Tbh, I hoped Dimitri was right, since I liked the pun on "Strong ride" vs "Strong right", but a flame makes sense too :(


How do I tune my violin when I cannot yet do it by ear?

Question: I have a few tuning apps but they give me some strange info like G8 instead of G, is this number the octave?
Comment: Note that unless you have perfect pitch, you will likely always need some tool to tune at least one string (usually in orchestras, you tune the A string first), and then you can tune the rest of the strings to the A with your ears.
Comment: Tuning by ear requires mastery of relative pitch.  Once you master relative pitch (two strings played simultaneously, and their harmony/dissonance noted) then "perfect pitch" becomes a possibility.  Relative pitch understanding is the way to go.  Pluck two strings at once and learn those intervals  --  a great way to get deeper into your understanding of tones.
Answer: Yes, it should be. If you want to be sure, you could test them with a tone generator on your computer (eg. see if the generated tone is properly identified by your tuner).
Answer: There are about two methods I have used to tune my violin without solely relying on my ears:
1) Using a Tuner that tells me whether my string is too sharp or flat and I can loosen/tighten the string accordingly.
2) Using an online tuner app that emits the exact pitch of each string (E,A,G,D) and by listening to it I can keep tuning my strings until they sync. It's kind of like tuning by ear but with assistance. It also helps build your hearing.
I'm not entirely sure what the "G8" means in your case. But I can tell you that each absolute pitch in western classical musical notation has a number assigned to it. The lowest starts at 0 of course. So we go from A0(27.5 Hz), B0,.... then A1,B1... and so on. A4 (440 Hz) is our standard concert pitch. So yes, it does indicate octaves. however, as far as I'm concerned we tune to G3 in the violin (G below middle C or C4) not G8 so I find this confusing. I don't think it's even possible to play a note that high on the violin.
Answer: The best thing you could do for yourself is to try and learn to tune by ear. It's really not that hard: Use an electronic tuner to get your A, then play A and D together. Listen to the beats, the rapid pulsations in the sound that get faster as you move away from the correct pitch, and get slower and disappear when your D hits the right pitch...
Then, play D and G together. Notice how the beats here are less sensitive to change, and usually go slower overall.
Be careful when playing A and E together, as the beats will be fast and very sensitive to the smallest changes to tuning.
Your goal is to have no beats or dissonances whatsoever. When you think you're done, check them all with an electronic tuner, and adjust accordingly. Eventually, you will be able to do it perfectly, much faster than using an electronic tuner.