Email problems on ipad

Question: I received an email in my inbox on my ipad from somebody I know and it said what's app message press play. When I pressed play it went to a yahoo page and was like a yahoo mail login and I put my email password in. Shortly afterwards I received over 100 emails daemon mailer unable to deliver. I deleted them and changed my yahoo email password but I am now concerned that there may be a virus on my ipad. What should I do?
Answer: This is known as Phishing or Social Engineering.
You were tricked into giving away your login details, by being directed to a site that looked familiar, but which wasn't actually the legitimate site you thought it was.
You were correct to immediately change your password. In most situations this is sufficient to prevent further access by the phishers.  They don't really want to go to any effort to spread their spam, fooling you once would be enough; trying to hack you after you changed the password would be too much like hard work.
It is very unlikely that any malware is on your iPad - but it may 'remember' the fake site in your history, so be careful when going to the legitimate site that you do indeed have the right one.
If you normally use password auto-fill on your iPad, then one very good sign of a fake site is that the iPad will not offer to auto-fill. As far as it's concerned it's not the same site. It is far more likely to notice the difference between yahoo.com & yalhoo.com etc than a human.
See Jaime Santa Cruz's answer for further practical advice.
Answer: Check your Yahoo! account preferences or settings for redirects, filters, changes on the security questions, secondary addresses that could have been modified.
An iPad virus is not very probable but not impossible, especially if your iPad is jailbroken.

Don't click on emails' links
If you really want to click on them; tap and keep pressed the link so it will show you the URL. This is not really totally fool proof, as described in the link on point 1.
Check the URL: it should relate to what you're supposed to be
clicking on. In this case, it should have something to do with
WhatsApp, so one would expect .whatsapp.com at the beggining of the URL. If
it asked you for your Yahoo! credentials, https://.yahoo.com should
be on that URL, and an 's' should probably be there after the http
indicating it is a secure site.
If you already clicked on the link, repeat step 3. The URL is written on the top of your browser.
If you have any doubt, close the page, and do not enter your credentials.
If you do not understand any of this instructions, go to step 1.

What probably happened is that a bot used your Yahoo! account to send spam and lot of fake whatsapp messages to everyone on your contact list after it obtained the credentials you gave it on the fake Yahoo! login page. All of the contacts that had invalid email addresses gave back a typical bounce message issued by the Mailer-Daemon.

Email problems on ipad


How do I catch a file download start and end in Blazor WASM?

Question: I want to know if anyone has a solution or if its possible to detect/catch the event in Blazor WASM when a file download starts and ends.
So my HTML would be:
Download

And my backend is something like this:
[HttpGet]
[Route("api/Download/File")]
public async Task<ActionResult> DownloadFile()
{
    try
    {
        // Getting File Data
        return this.File(file.Stream, file.ContentType, file.FileName);
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        return this.StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError);
    }
}

Is there a way I can catch these events:

File started downloading: (I'm guessing '@onclick' could work)
File successfully downloaded: ...
File download error occurred: ...
File download progress: ... (would be nice too)

A solution without JavaScript is best.
Thank you for the answers.
Simon
Answer:
I want to know if anyone has a solution or if its possible to
detect/catch the event in Blazor WASM when a file download starts and
ends.

Well, according to your description and scenario, It's not possible to directly detect or catch file download start and end events within Blazor WASM itself without using JavaScript.
Because, blazor WASM runs within a WebAssembly sandbox in the browser.This sandboxed environment has limited access to browser APIs, particularly those related to file downloads and events.
The most importnat point is, blazor's event handling mechanisms are primarily designed for user interactions within the web page itself. This means Blazor's C# code can't directly interact with the download process or its events.
So it doesn't  extend to external browser events like file downloads.
However, if you want to try some other alternative, then following way, you can  give a shot:
Depending on your requirement, you can try either of the following ways:
If you just need basic download completion confirmation and don't require progress tracking or detailed events, using target="_top" on the anchor tag is the most efficient and straightforward approach. It requires minimal code changes and avoids JavaScript complexities. For instance you can do like:
Download

Above approach, would trigger the download in a new top-level browser window, bypassing Blazor's routing mechanism.
On the other hand, you can consider sever-side download events specially, For Server-Level Tracking.
You even can inject JsRuntime as following:
@inject IJSRuntime JSRuntime

@code {
  protected async Task DownloadFile() {
    await JSRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("downloadFile");
  }
}

Finally, considering your requirement and scenario, If you prioritize server-side download tracking for analytics or monitoring purposes, server-side logging within your backend controller is the most efficient way to capture download activity without impacting the client-side Blazor application.
Note:  Please refer to this official document which I think can be resourceful for you.


Entering the USA with an expired Canadian passport

Question: My passport expired last week. Since I'm getting married in June, it was recommended that I renew after my name change. However, my uncle passed away today in the USA. Is there any way I can enter the US with my expired passport?
Comment: Do you have a NEXUS card or enhanced driver's licence/provincial ID? If so that alone is sufficient to enter the US by land (the NEXUS card also by air)
Answer: You can try.  The US border agent has the option of declining to admit you.  The more recently your passport expired, the more likely you are to be allowed in.  Other current ID will certainly be required.  Note that it is very unlikely that you will be able to fly into the US with an expired passport; land crossings are your best bet.
Canada does permit rush passport processing, and if you live in a city with a passport office, you may be able to get your passport by the end of the next business day, but evidence of urgency is required plus payment of a significant additional fee:  https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/canadian-passports/urgent-emergency-passport.html


Equation of a circle with following conditions

Question: Say I have a circle with radius $r$ and center $(c_1,c_2)$. What values for those constants makes the circle intersect the points $(-a,0)$ and $(a,0)$ and the upper plane part of the circle has length $l$? My attempt begins by setting $c_1 = 0$ since I figure the circle must be symmetric about the y-axis. However, after this I am having trouble determining $r$ and $c_2$.
Answer: To start,
the equation of the circle
(writing $(c, d)$
instead of
$(c_1, c_2)$),is
$(x-c)^2+(y-d)^2 =
r^2$.
Since it goes through
$(a, 0)$
and
$(-a, 0)$,
$r^2
= (a-c)^2+d^2
= (-a-c)^2+d^2
$.
So
$a^2-2ac+c^2+d^2
=a^2+2ac+c^2+d^2
$
or,
subtracting,
$4ac=0$.
If $a \ne 0$,
then $c = 0$,
so the circle is
$x^2+(y-d)^2 = r^2$.
Also,
$r^2 = a^2+d^2$
so the circle is
$x^2+(y-d)^2 = a^2+d^2$.
The part in the upper plane
is the part above
$y = 0$.
Since the circle
passes through
$(-a, 0)$ and
$(a, 0)$,
the part of the circle
in the upper plane
passes through
these points
and,
setting $x=0$,
$(y-d)^2
=a^2+d^2
$
or
$y = d+\sqrt{a^2+d^2}$
(we use the positive root since we want
$y > 0$
for the upper plane).
The final step would be
to get an expression
for the length of this
arc of the circle
(in terms of $a$ and $d$),
set this expression equal to
$l$,
and solve for $d$
in terms of $a$ and $l$.
There may be
an easy way to do this,
but I don't see it
off the top of my head,
so I'll leave it at this.


How do 3D rendering pipelines render light effects?

Question: How does 3D software like Blender, Maya, Unity, or Houidini etc. render the effects of lights illuminating a 3D scene?
Comment: This is a really broad question. Calculating light is like 90% of 3d rendering. Can you be more specific about what you want to know? Any particular reason perhaps why you would like to know that?
Comment: Hi Vaibhav Jaiswal, you can search on any search engine out there, and find a lot of details about lighting, including different algorithms that are used, but also types of lighting, and cons and pros. Is there something specific to a video game you are making you would like to know? That would be a more specific question, and would fit more the style of this site.
Answer: Not all of the software you listed calculates lighting the same way, or the same in all circumstances. There are a few different approaches:

Offline raytracing / path tracing are used by 3D modelling software like Maya/Blender/Houdini when you want to output a high-quality final render, or a frame for something like an animated film.

In these techniques, the software traces the actual paths taken by each ray of light departing a light source or arriving at the camera, as it bounces around your scene or gets diffused by your materials.
This can produce highly accurate, photorealistic results, including detailed reflections, but it can be extremely performance intensive. A single frame might take seconds, minutes, or even hours to compute in full, depending on the complexity of the scene and the target resolution/quality. 3D film studios and effects houses frequently have render farms full of high-powered computers to chew through all the raw computation required.
So this often can't keep up for the purposes of realtime interaction, and the apps will fall back on iterative approximations or rasterization techniques to keep the editing views and preview panes responsive.

Realtime rasterization is the family of techniques at the heart of most modern games and interactive 3D apps.

It flips the question from "for each ray of light, what surfaces does it hit in my scene?" to "for each surface in my scene, how does the light illuminate it?"
Typically we draw the scene triangle by triangle of each mesh, projecting the corners of that triangle onto the screen, then filling each pixel between those corners with a colour.
To find the right colour, we run what's called a pixel shader or surface shader, a small program that your GPU executes for every pixel it draws. This program figures out which way that bit of the surface is facing — based on the mesh's normals, or a normal map texture it looks up into, then evaluates how much that direction is pointing toward or away from the light source. Places where the surface points directly at the light get drawn bright, while places that face perpendicular or away from the light get drawn black. (Plus some extra considerations for specular reflection that depends on the view direction)
By adding up these colours, computed for each light source in range, we get the net illumination of the pixel.
The trouble with this approach is it's only an approximation of the most direct light path from the light to the surface to the eye. It doesn't take into account anything else in the scene — like objects that sit between our triangle and the light source and should block the light, casting a shadow, or nearby illuminated surfaces that should bounce light onto the surface we're drawing.
So we have to approximate these effects, like drawing a shadow map to estimate which scene pixels are actually occluded from the light's perspective, or adding ambient terms or other tricks to simulate bounced light and reflections. Modern rendering in games uses many sophisticated approaches to fill in for these interactions and get a more natural look.
This rasterization technique can get us fast, plausible results for a high framerate, but it can sometimes show artifacts that can reveal the trick or make the result look lower quality than raytracing.

Hybrid "baked" solutions are often used to increase the fidelity of lighting in realtime apps and games, while keeping framerates high.
In these models, an offline "baking" pass uses raycasting-style techniques to calculate bounce light interactions in the scene, then stores that information to a light map or lighting/reflection probe data structures. This can also be done at runtime, by an asynchronous background thread that updates slowly-changing illumination information periodically.
At runtime, light that can change quickly (as on moving objects or lights that move and change) is rendered with traditional rasterization techniques so it updates instantly, while the bounced light or light on static objects is looked up from the data structures. This sampling process is often lossy and not perfectly accurate, but it can go a long way to make the scene look more like an offline render, with convincing bounced lighting.

Realtime ray-tracing is an emerging technique leveraging new and more powerful graphics cards with built-in hardware acceleration for common raycasting approaches. While it's still out of reach to render a AAA game completely with raytracing at an acceptable framerate, games can use this hardware selectively, to do things like mapping more convincing reflections on shiny surfaces, or sparsely sampling a scene with rays and using temporal filtering or neural networks to up-rez this low resolution coverage to a convincing full-resolution image.

Raymarching is a more exotic technique not often seen in mainstream games and apps, but popular in "demoscene" creations or playgrounds like ShaderToy. In this technique, the content of the scene is expressed as a signed distance field, and for each pixel we draw, we "march" a ray through this field, one step at a time, until it hits something.
It's conceptually similar to raytracing, but expressing it as an iterative stepping through a distance field lets us leverage conventional rasterization hardware to accelerate it on the GPU. Some games will mix rasterization with raymarched height/displacement maps to make surfaces look more detailed than the underlying geometry (popular for things like bricks and cobbled roads).
It's difficult to use this with conventional animated meshes, but can be effective for games that use procedural geometry, like Claybook.


How to mirror a first screen on the second and keep the highest resolution on the first screen?

Question: I've linked a second screen (1920x1080) to my iMac 27" (2560x1440) via HDMI (using a minidisplayport to HDMI adapter).
I want to mirror the first on the second but when I do this the first takes the resolution of the second which is lower. If instead I choose to extend the first on the second then the first keeps it resolution, but I can't access Mac OS X's interface from the second, only the windows I move to it.
The solution needs to work for 2 external screens.
Answer: In order to access Mac OS interface from another screen, go to System Preferences > Displays > Arrangement and take a look at the blue rectangles that represent the screens you currently have connected. One of them should have a white bar at the top, drag this bar to the screen that you want to access the OS interface from. That way you can keep the higher resolution, and access the interface. Unfortunately, if you mirror a display, it will take the lowest resolution because it cannot "create" the pixels required on the lower resolution screen in order to show a Mirrored display. If you want to keep the higher resolution, you have to extend the displays.
Comment: That sucks, I hope there's an alternative.  What about Spaces ? I use Lion.
Comment: It does suck, I've had to put up with it for years. Spaces just creates extra desktops that you can switch between, it doesn't have much to do with displays.
Comment: Apparently with AirPlay you can choose which device's resolution will be used, so why can't it be done via cables.
Comment: It sucks even more than I thought because every time I use the lower resolution screen it screws up my windows position and size on the high resolution screen. Isn't there a tool to save/load it ?
Answer: There might not currently be (no existing software) a way to mirror a display and keep each displays' highest resolution but, since mirroring is used for displays that are in separate rooms (I assume, otherwise the other screen would serve as an extension) then it's possible to use some softwares that let you save all windows size and position and restores them automatically when a display is plugged/unplugged or mirror mode is activated/deactivated.
Stay ($15) does exclusively this.
Moom ($10) does this (with a slightly less evident setup) plus other windows positioning tricks.
N.B. some windows that are not real system windows could be impossible to save/restore, such as X11 and the Adobe Suite.
I found them at tool to remember window positions when I plug in/unplug an external display and https://stackoverflow.com/questions/533569/remember-window-sizes-and-placement-when-unplugging-and-replugging-second-monito


Docker rootless daemon not starting

Question: I installed docker rootless with dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh install to rhel 7.9. The info of the output is below.
[INFO] systemd not detected, dockerd-rootless.sh needs to be started manually:
When I try to start the service with systemctl --user start docker as it is described in the documentation, it failed with error Failed to get D-Bus connection: No such file or directory.
I read some of the posts in here and to debug the situation, I enabled lingering of the mentioned user. I can see the file at the path ll /var/lib/systemd/linger. After that, when I run systemctl --user command, again the Failed Dbus connection error occurs.
I can list my user after enabling linger with the loginctl list-users, but when I run ps -fu dockeruser, the output didn't show /usr/lib/systemd --user as it suppose to be. The output is below.
ps -fu dockeruser
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
dockeru+  45222  45220  0 10:58 ?        00:00:00 sshd: dockeruser@pts/0
dockeru+  45225  45222  0 10:58 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
dockeru+  45254  45223  0 10:58 ?        00:00:00 sshd: dockeruser@notty
dockeru+  45255  45254  0 10:58 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
dockeru+  47264  45222  0 11:10 ?        00:00:00 bash -c while [ -d /proc/$PPID ]; do sleep 1;head -v -n 8 /proc/meminfo; head -v -n 2 /proc/s
dockeru+  50009  47264  0 11:18 ?        00:00:00 sleep 1
dockeru+  50010  45225  0 11:18 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -fu dockeruser

I use ssh to login to the server. My dockeruser's bashrc is set as docker installation required.
#User specific aliases and functions
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/home/dockeruser/.docker/run
export PATH=/bin:$PATH
# Some applications may require the following environment variable too:
export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///home/dockeruser/.docker/run/docker.sock

Also in documentation it is referred that The systemd unit file is installed as ~/.config/systemd/user/docker.service. When I checked that file, I found out that it is missing. Maybe the setuptool is problematic or sth?
Comment: Does [this](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/587674/systemd-not-detected-dockerd-daemon-needs-to-be-started-manually) help?
Comment: @EdgarMagallon I followed that post before writing my own but it didn't work for me.
Answer: Workaround solution: use rhel 8.

Docker rootless daemon not starting


Browser With Filesystem Write Capabilities

Question: I am unsure if this is a question, or how to frame it as such... but there is this thing that has been bugging me for a while now...
I find webUI to be extremely easy to implement, and so when I want to slap a UI on a small script I have written I usually just go with HTML,JS, and CSS.  What frustrates me is the sandboxing precaution implemented in the browser that forbids me from writing to the disk.  It limits my use of the script in conjunction with the UI to a new session each time, terminating any work from previous sessions.
I understand why that is in terms of the web and malicious code being run on your machine, but I feel like there is a benefit in having an HTML,JS, and CSS rendering 'browser' that can write to disk... maybe in exchange it will be prohibited from surfing the web, or better, say firefox or chrome could recognise that the files are located on the local system and so allow local system write access?
It can be such a hassel to have to go through a server-framework-gateway just for some simple local io storage.
Some practical uses...
-When I am at an early development stage, i just want to flesh out the project without fleshing out the entire system structure, or having to rent out a host and putting it up there, or altering the server config to include another localhost port.  Just open the folder containing the project and fire up the index.htm in the browser.
-Also, it would be cross platform without any hassel.  Balls to deciding between kde or gtk or mfc or whatever other unnecessary dependencies.  I want to write a small program and be able to just eMail my old man a zip file that he unzips and loads an index.htm into his browser and it just works.  The ability to just do something without me having to explain to him: ok, so first you have to download this, then this, then install them. ok, now you have to change this file to configure this thing to loo...what? o, what does configure mean?  well, it means exactly what it means: configure, you basically have to configure the way this programs works so it works the way you want it to... right, yeah i know it should just ship working but it does this is different from fixing it, this is how it is supposed to work.  actually its quite brilliant that it works this way its just that it seems more complicated than it is.  Boom.  I've lost him.
Can you explain to me why I'm out of my mind on this, or are there applications that do this sort of thing?
Answer: It depends on what exactly you want to achieve, but at least part of what I think you mean could be done with localstorage. See e.g. http://diveintohtml5.info/storage.html.
Comment: yeah, i was always turned off by local storage because of the limitations attached to it, perhaps my prejudice is unnecessary... i'll have to tool around with it to see if it fills my needs, thanks for the suggestion
Comment: You could also look at qtwebkit, but then again there's the problem of the user having to install a separate program.


Bhakti vs karma

Question: I have been following your teachings on social media. I have many questions to ask out of which one is here : You mentioned complete surrender to lord Krishna and you yourself left the corporate world to be in spiritual mode full time . On the other hand Krishna says that human life is to do karma . If everyone leaves the materialistic world and do 24*7 Bhakti then how will the world grow ? Where are we doing the karmas here . How will doctors , engineers and other professions will emerge which are essential to run this world. Even this software where I am typing my query is developed by some computer engineer . So if we all become like you and get fully immersed in Bhakti all day long then isn't we missing our karma / role plays . Even Krishna advised Arjun not to escape from battlefield and fight against his brothers, doing karma . Please enlighten . I can't stop thinking over this contradiction that whether to do karma or leave everything and just do only Bhakti
Answer: Bhakti and Karma are not contradictory to each other. They do not exclude each other. Krishna says in Bhagavad Gita, adhyAya 12, bhakti yoga -
12.9 If now you are unable to focus your mind on Me, then seek to reach Me, O Arjuna, by the practice of repetition (abhyasa yoga).
12.10 If you are unable to practise even this Abhyasa Yoga, you can do actions  (karma) for My sake; even by doing actions for My sake, you can attain perfection.
12.11 If you are unable to do even this, i.e., taking refuge in My Yoga, then, with your self controlled, renounce the fruits of every action.
Krishna is not forcing anyone to stop doing karma. Karma can be done for the sake of Krishna (God). Or karma can be done without worrying about whether the result will be success or failure.
Answer: You should remember Gita 18.59 and 18.60

Vain is your resolve not to fight, born as it is of self-conceit.
Nature will compel you.

Gita 18.59

O son of Kunti! Duties which your natural tendencies have imposed upon
you, but which out of delusion you refuse to do, even them you will
have to perform by the compulsion of nature.

Gita 18.60
It is the innate nature of a person that determines what he will do. If a person is naturally inclined towards Bhakti then he will follow the path of bhakti. If a person is naturally inclined towards secular matters then he will naturally gravitate towards medicine or engineering. So find out your natural inclination and follow that.

Bhakti vs karma


Is "coachee" even a word?

Question: If I am Rita's coach, is Rita my *coachee? (yikes) Is that even a word?
Would it be correct instead to say she is my ward? What about terms for people at the other end of a mentor, sponsor relationship?
Comment: Coachee seems very stilted to me. After hearing the term used excessively during a four hour class, I picture a coachee as some kind of rare, hothouse flower that needs extensive nurturing.
Comment: _'...ee'_ is usually paired with an _'..er'_, isn't it? Employee/Employer, Trainee/Trainer. I wouldn't use _Coachee_ because to me, it implies you're a _Coacher_, not a Coach.
Comment: But mentoring and coaching are two different skills. So therefore could not be refered to as mentee if being coached.
Comment: This has started being used at my work. Thank you for asking the question for me.
Answer: Coachee is indeed a valid word, but often not widely used. I would suggest pupil or trainee instead.
Comment: The [OED](http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0157770?rskey=63BCYC&result=2#m_en_gb0157770) reports that _coach_ means "an instructor or trainer in sport"; in that case, I would not use _pupil_.
Comment: That's not the only meaning of *coach* (as a title) though. We also have concepts like ["life coach"](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching).
Answer: You need to qualify the terms to find suitable counterparts.
If you are Rita's coach (sports) then Rita might be a member of your team.
If you are Rita's guardian (parental) then Rita might be your ward.
If you are Rita's mentor then Rita might be your trainee (in education) or disciple (spiritual).
Update: @Malvolio suggests protégé, which I think is the best answer so far.
Comment: God, I hate `mentee`.  The word is `protégé`.
Comment: *mentee* has also gained quite a bit of ground, recently.
Comment: @Malvolio - protégé is probably the best answer. Add it as an answer and I'll delete mine.
Answer: Coachee indeed is a valid word.
Alternately, you could use student.
Answer: 'Protégé' is the word you are looking for.
Answer: In a sports context, Rita is your athlete.  The possessive should make it clear enough what the relationship is.
Answer: When the word "coach" is used to mean "guide" (as in a business environment), the person being guided is a "follower," but the follower is really an employee. So, as someone who is always willing to push the envelope with language, I propose a new word for the employee who is being coached/guided: emplayee. Now I know this will not catch on, but I just had a little bit of fun. Think about it: when you are an emplOyee, you are going round and round in that "O" doing your job and maybe spinning it a little off-track every now and then. When you are an emplAyee, you are on your way to a lesson from your boss/manager/coach and you want to get an A, like you used to do in school in the classes you loved.
Thank you!

Is "coachee" even a word?


How do NFT marketplaces get NFTs collections to show in the tab 'explore'?

Question: I'm beginner at solidity development, and I have a question:

How they get NFT collections of various smart contracts to show in the explorer-collection page?

https://opensea.io/explore-collections
Comment: This section https://opensea.io/explore-collections
Comment: What do you mean by "explore tab"?
Answer: Im not sure if this is correct but If I was to make my own marketplace I'd either

Check the Contract creation opcode in transactions in a block

transfer transactions from the 0x00 address to a wallet in a block

you could also listen for events in the blockchain, but i feel is not optimal because you would need to know the deployed contract upfront

Sources for answer 1, 2 and 3:

you can find an answer about contract creation tracking here, you could just read the transactions in a block and verify if there are transactions with the contract creation opcode in them; If there is a contract creation event; then you can verify if it implements any nft standard by calling its supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID) in the contract, you can get more info of the standards here 1155 and 721

Read the transactions in a block and verify if there are transfers from the 0x00 address to a wallet

I think this one is not optimal but there are RPC providers that give you event subscription, ie. event subcription for mints (a mint is basically a transfer), the rpc providers i mention are infura or alchemy, there are more like moralis but I prefer these two; you could take a look and see if anything in these rpc providers help your cause
Answer: If you are looking to simulate OpenSea explore tab menu on your own, and you are not familiarize at all with smart contract and solidity no worries, when you click on '/explore-collection' path to import collections, it shows you several collectios currently they have randomly.

But before creating a 'tab in  your navbar or menu' to assign a page and show your assets, you need to create or mint this collections first,  and connect each asset with an administrator address wallet and the permissions.

You can create a collection using ThirdWeb, where you can simulate and upload pictures of your original nft to assign them an address, benefactor, comissions of the marketplace, test transactions between your own wallets or mint a new one if you need, how I do in my 'OpenSea clone' with 'Bored Ape Yatch' collection clon below.

To test the smart contract flow, I use Goerli ETH that is provider and powered by Alchemy how @Casareafer mentioned, which have a faucet of 0.2 Goerli ETH everyday, as a proposal to use an stable Ethereum Testnet to interact and to practice.

Then you can follow the transaction on Etherscan or your wallet (recommendation create a new account from your main account in metamask to test).

Assign each contract and project pre stablished in ThirdWeb directly in the code just adding the address of the collection created:

import { useContract } from '@thirdweb-dev/react'

export default function Component() {
  const { contract, isLoading, error } = useContract("0xa478F76110110fB4cd5CCAA33d0Ac62C3364A021", "nft-collection-name")

  // Now you can use the nftCollection contract in the rest of the component
}

Burn a single NFT
const result = await contract.burnToken(tokenId);

Mint many unique NFTs at once to a specified wallet.
// Address of the wallet you want to mint the NFT to
const walletAddress = "0x8197b2a89d80010019718e799e1224d4f2b429Ef";

// Custom metadata of the NFTs you want to mint.
const metadatas = [{
  name: "Cool NFT #1",
  description: "This is a cool NFT",
  image: fs.readFileSync("path/to/image.png"), // This can be an image url or file
}, {
  name: "Cool NFT #2",
  description: "This is a cool NFT",
  image: fs.readFileSync("path/to/other/image.png"),
}];

const tx = await contract.mintBatchTo(walletAddress, metadatas);
const receipt = tx[0].receipt; // same transaction receipt for all minted NFTs
const firstTokenId = tx[0].id; // token id of the first minted NFT
const firstNFT = await tx[0].data(); // (optional) fetch details of the first minted NFT

You can find all the rest of the explanation and code in ThirdWeb depending of the project are you simulating, registering with your email to be able to connect your metamask testnet address.
Comment: I really liked your answer, this platform is very useful. Thanks my friend for the help.


Burning in multiple fields when rasterizing (vector to raster) using QGIS

Question: I have multiple attributes in a vector file which is .shp that I want to convert to a raster, this is because I want to make it the same resolution of another raster file. I will then convert that raster file back to vector once I have burnt all those values I need from the vector-raster conversion. The issue is I need multiple fields and not just one.
How do I do this?
Comment: You should consider to create a multiband raster from multiple vector attributes, so every attribute will be one band in your multibandraster: https://tkawuah.github.io/Blog1.html
Comment: I'm not sure what sense your workflow makes, probably there is a better way to achieve waht you want, but with such scarce information, it's difficult to say. For using different values to burn in, see my solution below.
Comment: @eurojam Thank you so much for what you sent. This definitely looks like a potential solution to my problem. I do have one issue though. When I do the conversion for instance, of perimeter it returns back as an integer rather then a decimal, is there a way to fix this?
Answer: Create a new field (a virtual or a real field) that combines the fields you want to use for burn-in values the way you want using field calculator. Ten use this new field as input.
Like e.g. you have two fields v1 and v2, calculate a new field v as the sum of v1+v2. Then use this new field for rasterization.
Comment: Thank you for responding. I have added images to explain it better. So I originally have all these attributes. I resample the resolution by converting this into a raster, but it only allowed me to pick one of these fields. I then convert this back to vector so I get the resampled data essentially?
Comment: The above comment looks like a good way to do this. However another issue I stumble is the fact that when I do this conversions, it goes from decimal to integer and I want it in decimal? @Babel
Comment: I'm not quite sure what steps you did in detail, so it's difficult to say what happens. The field you create must be of field-type `real (decimal)`, so the numbers will be decimals.
Comment: Appreciate the responses @Babel,
All I did was use that dataset that I got, and then convert it to a raster file normally, then convert back to vector file. What details are you looking for? The field originally was already decimals, and the conversion from vector to raster seems to automatically just take off the decimals. There is not an option for me to choose real.
Comment: I'm not sure how you proceeded. When I rasterize, I get decimal values, see the updated screenshot in my solution. So you should provide more details to be able to reproduce the behaviour you encounter.
Comment: Thank you for the ss. I see what you mean now, however I cannot combine 2 separate fields, I need them as one. Also what I mean is that after I have converted the polygon into raster, try converting it back to polygon to receive attributes but resampled essentially. They will go from for example in my case, 1.87 to 2


Does the volume of a thermodynamic system always have to change for it to do work?

Question: Does the volume of a thermodynamic system always have to change for it to do work?
If yes,could you explain why?
And if no, could you provide the example of a system, where it is not neccesary.
Answer: It depends on how you define work. Work is sometimes defined as pressure times a change in  volume ($p\Delta V$, or $\int p dV$ if the pressure is not constant), which is equivalent to force times distance, as John Rennie defines it in his answer. In this case it's necessary for the volume to change, purely from the definition.
However, another way to define work is something along the lines of "a change in energy that is not due to the transfer of heat or thermal radiation." In this case it is not necessary for the volume to change. A particular example where the word "work" is used in this way is in electronics, when one calculates the work involved in charging a capacitor as $\int V dQ$, where $V$ here is the voltage rather than the volume, and Q is the charge. In this case neither the volume of the capacitor nor the battery charging it changes, but work is said to be done because the internal energy of the capacitor has changed reversibly, without a transfer of heat.
To put it more mathematically, consider the fundamental equation of thermodynamics:
$$
d U = T dS - pdV + \sum_i \mu_i dN_i + \dots
$$
(where the "$\dots$" can include many other optional terms, including a $V dQ$ one for a capacitor). The right-hand side of this equation represents all the ways in which a system's energy can change. The first term ($T dS$) represents a transfer of heat. Some people define "work" as just the second term ($-p dV$), whereas others define it as the sum of all the other terms apart from the first one. Thus, with the second definition you can have work that's associated with a change in volume, but you can also have work that's associated with a change in the chemical composition, charge, or any other conserved quantity.
Comment: The additional terms require either interchange of molecules with some other system (or non equilibrium for the to be not zero.
Comment: (sorry) for them to be not zero. So adding/subtracting species while in thermal equlibrium (or not) is another way of doing work on the system.
Comment: @Eduardo this is true. Note that this can in principle be done without a change in volume, however. For example, you could remove molecules of some species $A$ while adding molecules of some other species $B$ that happen to occupy the same volume as $A$ molecules, but have a different chemical potential. Then you've done $\mu d N$ work without a change in volume.
Comment: Yes, I only wanted to add some to your correct answer (I gave the point). Note too, that electric currents, macrowave oven and any other energy transfer with no volume change or species interchange, enters the equation in the Tds term and thus, is considered heat transfer.
Comment: Kelvin would have loved a microwave oven as a present...
Answer: Mechanical work $dW_\mathrm{mech} = -pdV$ is due to a volume change for a pressure $p$. But other kind of thermodynamic works exist:

Chemical work $dW_\mathrm{chem} = \mu dN$ involves change in composition $N$ for a chemical potential $\mu$.
Electrical work $dW_\mathrm{elect} = -E dP$ involves change in electric dipole moment $P$ in presence of an electric field $E$.
Magnetic work $dW_\mathrm{mag} = -B dM$ involves change in magnetic dipole moment $M$ in presence of a magnetic field $B$.
Etcetera.
Answer: Yes, because work is force times distance moved. It's not immediately obvious that this means work can only be done if the volume changes, but have a look at How much work is needed to compress a certain volume of gas? where I went into this in some detail. If any parts of this aren't clear comment here and I can go into them in more detail.
Comment: Nathanial and Juanrga make good points. I must admit that I was only thinking about mechanical work.
Comment: John Rennie then can I say,
"If a thermodynamic system consists of charges, and has an electric/magnetic field, then it is not necessary for the volume to change. But in the absence of charge, by the very definition of work (PdV), then yes, the volume MUST change."
Comment: @AdwaitKumar: possibly. The trouble is that if you accept a broad definition of work then it's hard to be sure you've excluded all the possibilities except for volume change.


how to create a free shipping coupon code in drupal commerce

Question: coupon code with free shipping ,example if coupon is applied to the order, estimated shipping rate (of $4.95) should become $0.00,i have a expedited_shipping in shipping methods with base amount of 4.95 which will be applied on order .how should i create a coupon for making the expedited shipping to amount zero.
Comment: Which commerce module are you using? have you already got a coupon type module installed? have you already got a coupon system setup, but you just want one specific one to set the shipping rate to 0? Need a bit more info
Answer: Use Commerce Discount and Commerce Coupon.

Create a discount that uses the Free shipping offer.
Set the conditions (if any).
Add a coupon that links to this discount.

Now when the coupon is added to the order and the conditions (if any) are met the shipping method specified in the Free shipping offer will free.


Assign outbound E-mail to specific Ironport server

Question: I'm not a Cisco ASA engineer but wanted to ask if it is possible to create a custom rule to filter a specific outbound email address, like firstname.lastname@example.com, and assign it to  pass thru a specific member of Ironport servers, like for instance Ironport server4762, every single time that email is used to send outbound email. Thanks much
Comment: I think you need a NextGen firewall that can do Deep Packet Inspection to peer into the application data.
Comment: SMTP routing requires an SMTP server. The point at which any email address is exchanged is deep into the conversation.
Comment: Did any answer help you? If so, you should accept the answer so that the question doesn't keep popping up forever, looking for an answer. Alternatively, you can provide and accept your own answer.
Answer: I don't believe the ASA will do that level of protocol filtering and rewriting for you. If I needed to accomplish that I would instead probably put another SMTP server in the path that mail needed to flow through before getting to the firewall and use rules in the SMTP server to redirect email as needed. You could then use a firewall to block all outgoing SMTP traffic except from the rule enforcing SMTP server.


Can't get my controller to connect to my PS4

Question: When I got my used PS4 from friend and the controller we reset it all and the controller and system were both fully functional, and I went to go sync or connect it and it flash blue once or twice then shut off, I watched  a ton of YouTube videos and none had the same problem, what do I do?
Answer: Is this a Sony brand controller or a third-party controller?
First party controllers usually only have issue if disconnected for a very long time or if the controller was formerly connected to a different PS4.
Are you positive the controller is charged?
If the controller doesn't have enough charge, it will flash blue and and appear to go dead before attempting to connect. The power cycle for a controller is to first check total charge and then attempt a connection. No charge, no connection - pretty basic.
Barring the above:
As the first person who took their time to graciously answer you, first connect the controller to the PS4 with the USB cable to register the controller and PS4 together. This allows the PS4 to retrieves the BT address of the controller. If the light turns orange on the controller, it is charging but you can operate hte PS4 with it plugged in and you now know that the controller works when connected, at least.
Then test the controls by navigating the menu system and finally by holding the PS button on the controller to turn the power off the PS4.
Finally, turn the power to the PS4 "on" by pressing the PS button on the controller - disconnect the cable and attempt to power it on with the PS button on the controller.
If it powers up, you're good (probably still want to let it charge). If not, you know it needs to charge and then let it do so and try these steps again.
Answer: Try to connect it first with a cable and make sure you aren't connected via bleutooth to a device


MongoEngine: EmbeddedDocument v/s. ReferenceField

Question: EmbeddedDocument will allow to store a document inside another document, while RefereneField just stores it's reference. But, they're achieving a similar goal. Do they have specific use cases?
PS:
There's already a question on SO, but no good answers.
Comment: If you are think about using a `RefereceField` in your project, You probably should consider using the Django ORM and [connecting it to MongoDB](https://nesdis.github.io/djongo/) instead of using MongoEngine.
Answer: The answer to this really depends on what intend to do with the data you are storing in mongodb. It is important to remember that a ReferenceField will point to a document in another collection in mongodb, whereas an EmbeddedDocument is stored in the same document in the same collection.
Consider this schema:
Person
    -> name
    -> address

Address
    -> street
    -> city
    -> country

If you expect every person to have only one address and each address to only be associated with one person (a one-to-one relationship) and you are generally going to query the database for one or more Person documents then the Person.address field should be EmbeddedDocumentField.
If you expect every person to have more than one address but each address will only be associated to one person (a one-to-many relationship) and you will still mainly query for a Person then you can use an EmbeddedDocumentListField.
If you expect every person to have more than one address and each address will be associated with many people (a many-to-many relationship) you probably should use ReferenceField.
However, even if you are one-to-one or one-to-many, if the Address is part of your data model that is of interest then it may be advantageous to have it stored in it's own collection because it makes aggregation and indexing easier.
One other point to consider is that unless you turn it off mongoengine will de-reference every ReferenceFieldwhen you retrieve a document - this might introduce performance penalties with lots of ReferenceField or references to very large documents.
Answer: It's really about the schema design of your collections in MongoDB. Generally it depends on different factors like cardinality of the relationship, way of accessing the data or size of the documents. It's explained well in official MongoDB's blog with some examples and I recommend you take a look at it.


How does Quorum prevent double spending when states are encrypted?

Question: My understanding of Quorum is that private contracts have encrypted states hence I am confused as to how they reach consensus and prevent double spending. If each state is encrypted how can the nodes be sure a tx isn't double spent as the data is encrypted?
Answer: Quorum has two type of transactions, public transactions and private transaction. Public transactions get processed similar to as how public Ethereum processes transactions, get included in blocks and derive a public state.
Private transactions are flagged as "private" but are otherwise publicly visible and also get included in the blocks; the payload (data) is encrypted and can be decrypted by anyone who is part of the "private group". The private state isn't publicised because it's useless to anyone else but yourself and serves as the root-node in the private trie.
Private transactions can interact with public contracts on a read-only base. This is a restriction otherwise public state could be modified by private state, which would in turn yield different state across clients. Public transactions can not interact with private state.
https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/6azhkk/quorum_vs_ethereum/
Answer: Quorum has a privateFor: that contains a contract, state and related transactions to the parties involved. But, the parties involved in the private transaction see the contract. They execute the functions and hold the state in manner that is very similar to ethereum. It's just that non-participants who are not on the privateFor: list can't interpret the transactions.
Hope it helps.
Comment: Interesting... Thanks for your answer Rob. I must also ask, what about when you are using a contract and you don't want every participant to see (let's say bank A and bank b trade, but they don't want bank c to see it). Would they have to enter into a new contract entirely? Does every privateFor participant have a key to decrypt the states?


Fixing drips that are no longer working

Question: I have a rainbird drip system for my raised vegetable bed. Some of the drips are blocking the water to go through to the plant (seems like it is blocked). I replaced the drip and now water goes through. My question is whether I can fix these drips rather than throwing them away.
Comment: You probably got fine particles of sand in there, so use a fine sand filter on your hose. Otherwise take a paperclip, push it into both holes at different times to see if you can get the sand out.
Answer: If your water is hard, you may find that calcium deposits have blocked the holes.  Perhaps you can soak them into a vinegar solution of distilled/rain water over night to see if you can dissolve the concretions.
Or, even try coca cola ... though I don't know what all those acids will do to your drippers.
And you perhaps should put some kind of filter on the tap so that particulates don't end up down in the drippers.
Comment: Plastics are mostly impervious to any acids the average person will find. Rubber gaskets, however, could be damaged though.
Answer: Use a 150 mesh screen filter on your water source to keep out sediment.
Also, if this isn't city or well water, you can have issues with algae growing in the lines and clogging the drips.
There are several types of emitters available. Fixed orifice types are the cheapest and most prone to clog.
Use pressure compensating self cleaning drip emitters, the PC diaphragm allows them to clear themselves whenever there's a pressure fluctuation (start of irrigation cycle).
If the PC emitters don't work out, use flag emitters, the flag can be turned 1/4 turn to pull the core out, allowing manually cleaning of the labyrinth flow channels.
Dealing with mineral buildup is answered in the other answer, flag emitters are the easiest to give this treatment.

Fixing drips that are no longer working


What plant life and resources could humans consume if colonies were established on the ocean floor?

Question: I'm interested in creating a society in the Twilight and Midnight zones of the ocean.  By what means could they mine, farm, and trade in what is supposed to be a more futuristic society?
Comment: Also please note that the title and the body of your question are different.
Comment: Welcome to Worldbuilding.  I edited your question for grammatical clarity but had trouble understanding it.  If I got it wrong, please change as needed.
Comment: @L.Dutch Yeah it's not a clear question at all.  I just fixed grammar.  Without hearing more from the OP, I can't know for sure what s/he is trying to ask.
Comment: I was starting to cobble together an answer, but really, the deep parts of the ocean are rubbish places to live. They're worse than space; possibly more hostile, definitely worse view. There's interesting stuff down there like [manganese nodules](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_nodule) but you could just collect them with robots and live somewhere nicer. That doesn't really answer your question though, so I'll just leave it at that ;-)
Answer: Buildings: Large steel domes filled with air would be the most durable building on the bottom of the ocean.  Glass would be risky since a small crack would create a huge problem.
Mining:  Drilling for oil in underwater deposits would be way easier if the oil drill were sitting on the ocean floor.
Farming / food:  Kelp farms would be efficient on the ocean floor, producing sources of edible seaweed for the people to eat.  Quote from Wikipedia:

Kelp has a high rate of growth and its decay is quite efficient in yielding methane, as well as sugars that can be converted to ethanol. It has been proposed that large open-ocean kelp farms could serve as a source of renewable energy. Unlike some biofuels such as corn ethanol, kelp energy avoids "food vs fuel" issues and does not require freshwater irrigation.

O2 production:  It would be hard to obtain oxygen from the ocean's surface, so lakes full of phytoplankton would be the easiest way to produce oxygen for the people to breathe.
Transportation:  To get in and out of these colonies, you could use an airlock into a pressurized room with a hole in the floor through which submarines could be accessed.  The layout would be similar to a beaver dam's entrance, enabling open access to the ocean without flooding the colony.
A water-lock would also work well. (like an airlock for water)
Comment: Kelp farms (or indeed, any kind of farm) won't work on the ocean floor.  You need sunlight, which is why kelp grows along ocean shores, and spreads its fronds on the surface: https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/visit/ecosystems/kelpdesc.html
Comment: They don't necessarily need sunlight; the farms would probably be lit by [grow lights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grow_light) to maximize the seaweed's photosynthesis.
Comment: Where do you get the energy for the grow lights?  Seems like they're only economically feasible for high-value crops (such as marijuana in the places where it's illegal), not for ordinary foodstuffs.
Comment: If they can build [communication cables](https://www.submarinecablemap.com/) across the ocean and if they could even build this colony in the first place, running a simple power line down should be no problem.
Answer: this theoretical society could farm bacteria from artificially created vents. These bacteria cultures could be developed to feed many people. These would be the only food that could be developed in bulk to feed the deep sea masses.
Comment: Welcome to Worldbuilding.SE!  We're glad you could join us!  When you have a moment, please [click here](https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6388) to learn more about our culture and take our [tour].  This is a good answer, but it would be much better if you could [edit] it and give an example of an edible ocean-floor bacteria to demonstrate the answer's viability.  Stack Exchange prefers longer answers (2-4 paragraphs are ideal) to a complete answer can be expressed.
Answer: This is essentially the same as planning to build a habitat on another planet. The most reasonable means of farming and food production are exactly the things we are planning to do in space.
Hydroponics and vertical farming allow for efficient food production. With that you could grow just about any fruits and veggies outside of large crops like grain and fruit trees.
Many projects have taken to developing food from hyper-nutritious algae, if you wanted to lean more towards the ocean farming idea, but that would still be enclosed as the right kinds of plant life likely wouldn't survive at that depth.
If you were hoping for something along the lines of farming on the sea floor, then I really don't know of anything that could be grown in that sort of environment, except for maybe hunting for bottom feeders. In that case the shellfish business could be good.
Answer: I like the idea of an artificial sun inside a dome to provide energy, heat, and light.  Of course, there may be some practical difficulties.  Perhaps a more regular fission plant with sun lamps would be more feasible.
Along with ocean staples like algae, seaweed, and fish, you could grow more regular crops with hydroponics or even regular farms.  Meat could be produced normally or grown in vats (carniculture).
To make the domes work, consider increasing the pressure inside the dome to match the ocean pressure at that depth (saturation diving).  Note that this requires a lower oxygen percentage and uses helium instead of nitrogen and most other gases typical in air.
A nifty side effect of the higher pressure is that you can use moon pools instead of air locks to get into the sea.


Problem installing Ubuntu On Mbr disk Scheme not GPT

Question: I'm having trouble installing Ubuntu on my Mbr disk scheme with windows 7 already installed
on UEFI Legacy mode but when trying to manual specify partition for installation i found 3 more partitions added automatically and the disk scheme converted to GPT Style and lost windows 7 which formatted by ubuntu I don't want GPT style at all. I have tried Ubuntu, ElementaryOS, Fedora latest distro all are the same. Is there any way installing Ubuntu like before with Mbr disk scheme without converting Disk to GPT style?
Answer: The main problem seems to be that you are installing Linux using UEFI mode, which will automatically convert the partition scheme to GPT, which is necessarry for UEFI.
If you want to keep Windows and Linux on legacy BIOS, simply make sure you are booting into the non-UEFI mode. Exactly how you do that depends on your motherboard. Normally when you get to select boot options, there will be listings that show UEFI options with UEFI: and non-UEFI options without.
Comment: Once you have converted to gpt, you many need to use fixparts to remove backup gpt partition table or gdisk to convert. http://www.rodsbooks.com/fixparts/ Or gdisk: http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/repairing.html
Comment: If you convert to GPT, using FixParts to remove stray GPT data is pointless, and in fact FixParts will refuse to touch true GPT disks. `gdisk`, OTOH, is a GPT partitioning tool, and can be used to convert from MBR to GPT without data loss, if that's desired. Note that any OS booting from an MBR disk will require a new boot loader once the disk is converted to GPT mode.
Comment: it might be advisable to use UEFI if only to prevent future headaches.


How to create warped / distorted line effect in illustrator?

Question: I want to know how to create the warped lines like the one in this photo. I am aware of the evelope tool but do not know how to use it or if it could be even be used to create this effect.
Answer: It's actually a bit easier than it may appear...
Although I've used just a flat series of paths here, you can use this same method with just about any artwork, except linked raster images (you must embed rasters for this to work). So if there's some size variation or color variation you'd like in the lines, add it.

All of it in action...
Comment: Are you sure that raster images do not get warped under the mesh? I wrote the opposite, but I use an ancient Illustrator that does it.
Comment: @user287001 I wasn't detailed enough :) Thanks for pointing that out. Edited.
Answer:
Draw a bunch of lines, maybe blend two with a selected number of steps
if you blended, then expand the blend, Ungroup
Select the bunch
go Object > Path > Outline the stroke ; that makes also line widths fluid
go Object > Envelope Distort > make with Mesh; choose dense enough mesh
select a node or several of them by the Direct Selection Tool. Move as you will
add the rest (text A without a stroke, circle as a clipping mask)

NOTE:

the zebra can contain also other patterns than lines. Everything will liquify that is selected to be under the mesh, even a photo (=raster image)
before you start, experiment a little how dense your zebra should be and what is the proper general orientation. If it's too sparse, the overlaid shapes (A in your example) will have too low resolution. The orientation angle affects the visibility of the overlays. See an example:


Propensity score match with exact matching on one variable

Question: I would like to compare survival outcomes of two groups (control vs. treatment). Because of imbalances of baseline covariates, I used propensity score matching using nearest neighbor matching. After matching, covariate balance is very good except for one variable. I have heard before that in such a case, one can use exact matching only on the one variable. How is this done? Do I first do the nearest neighbor matching, and perform exact matching on this matched population? Or is there another way? Also, if someone knows an R tutorial for this, I would be delighted if someone would share it with me.
Comment: You also need to adjust for outcome heterogeneity within treatment group, and to allow overlapping matched sets, to get proper performance.  So what made you choose propensity score adjustment over the better functioning standard covariate adjustment?  The matching algorithms used by most analysts results in discarding valid observations, which is really statistically suboptimal.
Comment: I would be very interested in this scenario as well. Unfortunately the vignettes do not provide a very extensive tutorial on this combination of i.e. nearest-neighbour and exact matching. Should the covariates that one wants to perform exact matching on become apparent in the other matching method as well? In the above case x2 and x3 are apparent in both matching methods, even though the "other" matching method is unspecified in that r code.
Answer: All R packages that implement matching implement an exact matching restriction. In MatchIt, you use the exact argument.
m <- matchit(A ~ X1 + X2 + X3, data = data, exact = ~X2 + X3)

This performs 1:1 nearest neighbor matching on a propensity score estimated with X1, X2, and X3 as covariates and an exact matching constraint on X2 and X3. Read the MatchIt vignettes for a full tutorial.


Integral of a differential k-form on a closed surface

Question: Let us say we have a $k$ dimensional closed, compact, and orientable surface $S$ with a differential form $\omega$ defined on it. Stokes theorem tells us that:
$$
\int_S \mathrm{d} \omega = \int_{\partial S} \omega
$$
Now, because this is a closed surface, $\partial S$ is empty, hence:
$$
\int_S \mathrm{d} \omega = \int_{\partial S} \omega
=0
$$
Now, I would like to use this fact to show that there exists a point $p$ on S such that:
$$
\mathrm{d}\omega_p (v_1,...,v_k) =0
$$
for any tangent vectors $v_1,...,v_k$ at $p$. I understand that the whole integral above is $0$, but I feel like this could occur due to positive and negative components cancelling out.
Answer: Let $\nu$ denote the volume form on $M$, and because $d\omega$ is a top form there must be a function $f:M \to \mathbb{R}$ so that we can write
$$d\omega = f \cdot \nu$$ and in particular the integral can be written as
\begin{align}
\int_M d\omega = \int_M f \cdot \nu= 0
\end{align}
Now the cases to consider are either $f$ is changing sign or $f$ is not changing sign. If $f$ is changing sign then by continuity there must be some point $p$ so that $f(p) = 0$ and thus $d\omega$ is $0$ at $p$.
If $f$ is not changing sign then the fact that the integral is $0$ will imply that $f$ is equal to $0$ and therefore we again obtain a point $p$ where $f$ and consequently $d\omega$ is $0$.
Comment: You need to be looking in the coordinates of the manifold that you are on. Call that 2-D surface $S$. Then $x$, $y$, $z$ will not be the local coordinates of $S$. So if the local coordinates of $S$ are given by $\phi^1, \phi^2$ you can see that we can write $dx \wedge dy$ as $g_1 d \phi^1 \wedge d \phi^2$ $dx \wedge dz$ as$ g_2 d\phi ^1 \wedge d \phi^2$ and $dy \wedge dz$ as $g_3 d\phi^1 \wedge d\phi^2$ on $S$
Comment: Ah of course! The sign change and intermediate value. Thanks.
Comment: Actually, a question for you: what enables us to write the form in the above way? Say we were integrating over a 2 - dimensional closed surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$. Then because $d \omega$ is a 2-form in $\mathbb{R}^3$, wouldn't it necessarily be written as $d \omega = f_1 dy \wedge dz + f_2 d_x \wedge d_z + f_3 d_x \wedge d_y$? I understand the notion of a top form, but I guess it's the ambient space that is tripping me up.
Comment: Sorry, I had to edit that a bunch of times I don't know if comments can be previewed haha
Comment: No worries. Thanks for the help.


How do you unlock all songs with the SongSneak app?

Question: I've unlocked most of the 23 available songs in the media player by hacking people passing on the street. I have 20 songs unlocked and there seems to be no more songs unlockable by hacking. I understand that using the SongSneak app near a speaker that's playing music will unlock the song that's playing, but I don't really want to wander into every shop in the game in hopes that I'll stumble upon a song I don't have. Are there certain locations that I can go to where these last few songs are always playing, or is it completely random?
Answer: For me, the last few are in places, like bars, poker areas, cafes etc. Walk in, run the SongSneak app, and if you're lucky you'll get one of the ones your missing.
For me, the last one took me 15 minutes of waiting in a Poker room for the song to come on.
See here for a list of all the songs and where you can find them.
Comment: Looks like the 3 I didn't have are unlocked as part of the story. That explains it.
Comment: Ahh okay, that list really helped me out finishing the songs off. Glad it helped


How to debug Enyo App WebOS 3.0?

Question: i am nooby to WebOS3.0 (also in Mojo).
And now days i am working on palm pad apps dev.
and i want to know how to debug enyo apps?
Answer: You can run enyo apps in a webkit browser with mock services.  Then just use the Chrome debugging tools.
Note that you'll have to start Chrome with the necessary command line switches to allow for file access or cross domain xhr.
If you need to debug against your app in the emulator or a device you can use the Ares debugger.  https://ares.palm.com/AresDebug/
Answer: For most of your debugging, you should be able to use Chrome with the " --allow-file-access-from-files" switch. However, as I have been working with saving user preferences, developing services, etc, I have found that running the emulator and using palm-run from inside the project directory is the easiest way to debug some of the more in-depth items.
There are some cool web-based loggers out there, but if you configure Console2 with an extra-wide setting, and stick with that, your logging from the emulator is easy enough to read off of the command line (or powershell).
Answer: If you want to print to a log, from the device, put one of the following in your code:

enyo.Log("...");
enyo.Warn("...");
enyo.Error("...");

Then, with your device in developer mode, run "palm-log -f your.app.id". The -f flag makes the log follow the app, instead of printing once and quitting. Note that this requires the log level to be set high enough to print. To set log level on the touchpad, run the device info app. Select "custom application" from he app menu, and enter "##logs#". Keep in mind that running the device with logging enabled (not at minimum) can slow it down.
Answer: If you use localstorage.getItem() and localStorage.setItem() that will work in both Chrome and on the device, meaning you can test the saving and restoring of preferences and settings etc without having to leave Chrome (and keep re-packaging and installing the app). You can also use the Chrome dev tools then to inspect these methods and the local storage section of the resources tab.

How to debug Enyo App WebOS 3.0?


Word meaning project adult characteristics onto children?

Question: I'm looking for a word that is similar to anthropomorphize but that means projecting adult characteristics onto children. I have a pre-verbal child and it is very easy to make up reasons for her behavior but we know that we are projecting our thinking onto her. I'm just curious if there is a term for it.
Comment: I will attempt to answer the question, but I'd suggest asking on a psychology-related exchange, since the terms you're using (projecting) and concepts (what children think) are related to psychology.
Comment: Hi Jennifer, welcome to EL&U. You might not be aware that there are strict rules for [tag:single-word-requests]: "To ensure your question is not closed as off-topic, please be specific about the intended use of the word. *You must include a sample sentence demonstrating how the word would be used*."  You can add this using the [edit] link. For further guidance, see [ask], and make sure you also take the EL&U **[Tour]** :-)
Comment: An antonym for infantilise...
Comment: @Chappo thanks for the help! It looks like I got some great responses so hopefully it's okay that I not come up with a sentence this time around.
Comment: @TaliesinMerlin I didn't realize that there were different exchanges until today, lots to explore! Thanks!
Answer: Developmental Psychology
The American Psychological Association defines the noun adultomorphism as:

the attribution of adult traits or motives to children. Compare pedomorphism.
more specifically, the tendency to reconstruct developmental phases by extrapolating from adult psychopathology. —adultomorphic adj. — American Psychological Association,  APA Dictionary online.

The second definition, as you can probably guess, is a critical use of the term aimed squarely at Sigmund Freud.
Although the California Behavior Inventory for Nursery School Children warned against "objectionable 'adultomorphisms' in the choice or definitions" in 1933, the quotation marks alert to a nonce word invented for this particular use.
The term only begins to be used in earnest in the late 1940s–50s:

At the beginning of what might be considered the modern era of infancy research, Spitz and Wolf (1946) drew attention to dangers inherent in a tendency toward "adultomorphism." — Daniel Offer, Melvin Sabshin, Normality and the Life Cycle,  1984, 4.

This is a reference to an often-cited monograph by René A. Spitz (with the assistance of K.M. Wolf), The Smiling Response: A Contribution to the Ontogenesis of Social Relations, 1946.  Frequently credited with coining the term, this work was responsible for its further usage within the field of developmental psychology as well its eventual appearance in specialized dictionaries.
The word got a further boost from its appearance in an article published by Jean Piaget in 1950,  translated into English in 1962. The original French may lie behind this Canadian usage, though Piaget is not mentioned as its source:

In 1932 an investigation was made of children's responses to the Rorschach (T12). The author discovered that if children were scored according to the standard procedure they showed bewildering tendencies to mania or schizophrenia. … Such adultomorphism has tended to pervade personality studies and only recently has become a cause of concern in the child-clinical field. — Mary L. Northway, "The Research," in Twenty-five years of child study, Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, Karl S. Bernhardt et al., eds., 1951.
They [Piaget, Inhelder] use the term "adultomorphism" to refer to the tendency on the part of adults to structure or view the behavior of children in terms of adult experience. — John S. Stewart,  Toward a Theory for Values Development Education, 1974, 325.

Not everyone, of course, got the memo:

Is this not sheer "adultomorphism," if I may be permitted to coin a word? — Jules Homan Masserman, Science and Psychoanalysis 20 (1972), 113.

Apparently unfamiliar with previous usages of the term, Masserman could simply coin the word himself on the pattern of anthropomorphism or zoomorphism and know he would be understood:

Adults may also find their thinking "seduced" by the assumption of adultomorphism, a made-up word based on anthropomorphism, or the assumption that animals think and feel as humans do. Adultomorphism is the assumption that infants, children, and adolescents share the motives and abilities of adults. — Jean Mercer,  Thinking Critically About Child Development, 2015.

It's Greek to Me
For those concerned with the purity of neologisms drawn from classical languages, there is a glaring problem with adultomorphism: adult derives from Latin, while morphism is Greek. This type of hybrid is the linguistic equivalent of wearing stripes with plaids, thus the word enelicomorphism was coined using a Greek word ενήλικος, 'adult, mature'. This word actually predates adultomorphism, but beyond the 1930s seems to have had limited use outside dictionaries:

Adultomorphism. The attempt to interpret children's behavior in terms proper to adults. (Syn. Enelicomorphism, ant. pedo - morphism.) — Hans Jurgen Eysenck, Wilhelm Arnold, Richard Meili,  Encyclopedia of Psychology v. 1, 1972, 27.
enelico morph ism (adultomorphism) A practice or belief (-ism) in attributing the structure (-morph -) of the mental processes of adults (enelico-) to small children … — Howard Wilkening, Gregory Wilkening, Peter Wilkening, The Psychology Almanac: A Handbook for Students, 1973, 66.
Although Baldwin was early in discerning this principle, he did not have the full secret of the reflex-circle, and he unfortunately made use of the hedonic concept, e.g. 'delight,' which in addition to other defects involves the fallacy of enelicomorphism - since this circular activity appears in early infancy.
  Israil A. Latif, "The Physiological Basis of Linguistic Development and of the Ontogeny of Meaning. Part I," Psychological Review 41(1), 1934, 55-85, 66.

Rasmus Rebane, the Estonian blogger who cites Latif, comments:

Enelicomorphism is adultomorphism by another name (this odd term was proposed by Howard C. Warren after "ενήλικ" in Greek for "mature").

Warren, the first head of the Psychology Dept. at Princeton (1920), died in 1934. Rebane's comment, however, shows that despite its mixed heritage, adultomorphism is the established term.
General Usage
Neither adultomorphism nor its purely Greek twin enelicomorphism seems to have roamed very far from the field of developmental psychology. The qualities that make it attractive for technical use — purely descriptive, compact, no affective connotations — are the same that would make it unlikely in speaking or writing about babies and small children for a more general readership. A variety of phrases can be used:

A common error in the popular and scientific literature on | children involves projecting adult processes or states backward and assuming that children possess the characteristics of the mature person. — John E. Anderson, "The Development of Behavior and Personality," in: Eli Ginzberg, ed., The Nations Children 2: Development and Education, 1987, 53f.
More than one reviewer of Stevenson's poetry criticized him for mistakenly ascribing adult perspectives to child readers.  —Richard Ambrosini, Richard Dury,  Robert Louis Stevenson: Writer of Boundaries, 2006, 79.
Continuing with the borderline creepy act of projecting adult qualities onto children, Sandra Bullock says her two-year-old son Louis is a total player – calling him a "flirt" who "appreciates the fairer sex" but thankfully leaves her out of the mix. — 21 Dec. 2011, Jezebel.

And with that, it seems we're back to Freud.
Answer: As a parent with a pre-verbal child, I understand the tendency to project adult characteristics on children. I have called my own kid "patient," "kind," and so on, even though these aren't necessarily the same qualities an adult would have.
I don't think there's a single word like anthropomorphize to describe the phenomenon unless it's been coined recently. Instead I'd say that you're either projecting or attributing adult characteristics. You can go down quite the Wikipedia rabbit hole with attribution.
Answer:
adultify
(third-person singular simple present adultifies, present participle adultifying, simple past and past participle adultified)
To treat a non-adult like an adult.

Apart from the Wiktionary entry given above (and due to its responsive, editable model Wiktionary is problematic as an authoritative source), adultify can't be found in any dictionary I've looked in.
However, with a Google Books search you can find adultify in use with the meaning you require - projecting adult motivations onto children or attributing them to them.
As the examples below show, adultify is also used for inappropriately treating children as adults in a variety of other contexts too, from heterochronic use of adult physical characteristics in portrayals of children to placing excessive or age-inappropriate responsibility upon them.
Some examples follow, with emphasis added on the key term.

Cynthia Crosson-Tower (2003), When Children are Abused: An Educator's Guide to Intervention
Mothers tended to see their children as "adultified" in several different ways. Typically, adultification involves inputting motives of adult complexity and (usually) malice to children out of frustration...
('Inputting' might be a misprint or an OCR error and imputing may well be intended.)

Joseph D. Lichtenberg, Frank M. Lachmann, James L. Fosshage (2011), Psychoanalysis and Motivational Systems: A New Look
Does the beatific smile exchanged between a mother and a three-month-old qualify as experience we can call love? Or are we accurately reading the mother, but adultifying the child?

Rhonda L. Clements, Leah Fiorentino (2000) The Child's Right to Play: A Global Approach, p177
Vandenberg (1990) suggested that toys had become a major instrument in the push to educate and adultify children. This accusation raises concerns about the way children are increasingly seen as a population to be manipulated by the adult world and that they are especially vulnerable as consumers.

A. F. Robertson (2004), Life Like Dolls: The Collector Doll Phenomenon and the Lives of the Women Who Love Them
The Lenox Christening Doll is a curious example of the tendency to adultify... Her mouth and jaw are much more robust than we would expect of an infant. "Crafted of bisque porcelain and meticulously hand painted, she is portrayed sleeping sweetly, with a projection of pure innocence."

Sabina E. Vaught (2011), Racism, Public Schooling, and the Entrenchment of White Supremacy
Yet, in their very enactment of false empathy, they adultify the boys (Ferguson 2000), making them responsible for adult male choices. By not blatantly adultifying the boys, but appearing to empathically reject adultification, these filmmakers then entrench the very adultification they are rejecting as an objective condition of Black male youth.

Joyce A. Arditti (2014), Family Problems: Stress, Risk, and Resilience, p169
Vanessa does very little in the way of decreasing her son's adultification when she relies on him heavily, and quite inappropriately, as her primary source of emotional support to cope with her own disappointments in life...

A very slightly different sense can be found in the example below, where the child is assuming the adult role, albeit perhaps out of necessity:

Kevin J. Corcoran (1992) Structuring Change: Effective Practice for Common Client Problems
Adultification occurs when a child assumes adult roles before adulthood. Spousification occurs when a child becomes adultified and subsequently bonds emotionally as a spouse with a parent.

In summary, adultify is much more general than the situation you're seeking a word for, although your use case is definitely covered by it.  Also, while adultify is a neologism that hasn't made it into dictionaries yet, it's firmly established and it has the benefit of being intuitively understandable, especially with context.

"mini-adults", "mini adults"
Note that this isn't an answer in itself.
The phrase mini-adults is worth knowing as it is a non-obvious and useful phrase used in discussing similar concepts to what you have in mind.
The context and origin of the term can be seen in the introductory lines of the Wikipedia article on the history of childhood:

The history of childhood has been a topic of interest in social history since the highly influential book Centuries of Childhood, published by French historian Philippe Ariès in 1960. He argued "childhood" as a concept was created by modern society. Ariès studied paintings, gravestones, furniture, and school records. He found before the 17th-century, children were represented as mini-adults.
Other scholars have emphasized how medieval and early modern child rearing was not indifferent, negligent, nor brutal.

(Emphasis added.)
A few examples, again found with a Google Books search follow:

Daniel W. Wong, Kimberly R. Hall, Cheryl A. Justice (2014) Counseling Individuals Through the Lifespan, p11
Early pictorial presentations of children, at least those before the 17th century, showed them in adult dress, with eerily adult facial features— truly mini adults.

Graeme Foreman, Andy Bradshaw (2009), An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Movement - Part 1
I would like to propose three principles of child development that ought to be remembered by all coaches, teachers and policymakers:

Children are not mini adults.
Children are not mini adults.
Children are not mini adults.


Sculpting brush tool only makes fancy triangles, no depth

Question: So I want to sculpt on that object I have made, and when I do so, practicaly nothing happens. And then I try with a new project, with the original cube, and the factory settings but still nothing happens. I have dynamic topology enabled, and so when I get into wireframe mode, I can see the fancy triangle, but no depth to them, the brush tool only ads triangle... so if you have any idea of what's going on feel free
sculpt tool http://imageshack.com/a/img600/3905/by1v.jpg
Comment: Hmm.. That is very strange. Do you think you could upload a .blend where this occurs? Then we can determine if it's a setting or a bug.
Comment: Do you have any modifiers on your cube? I was just doing some sculpting and I created a cube, then put a subsurf modifier on it, and then tried to start sculpting. Nothing moved. I had to apply the subsurf before I could sculpt. I hope this is relevant info.
Comment: @AdamMasters This is because the geometry generated by the subserf modifier is not used when sculpting, you must either apply it or use the *Multiresolution* modifier instead. You will note that if you sculpt on the corners of the cube they will move a little bit. This does not apply to dynamic topology because modifiers will not affect the object in sculpt mode when dyntopo is enabled.
Answer: It sounds like the Strength is set very low.
Try setting it to a higher value:
Comment: I'm sorry, the link was broken.
Answer: Now it works fine, I didn't change anything, I guess it was some sort of bug. I've had to close the program since the bug occured obviously so I can't provide any sort of example file, if it happens again I'll save it and send it back to you. Anyway thanks for the support!


Creation order of ContentNote and ContentDocument

Question: When you create a new enhanced Note in the UI, it creates a ContentNote and a ContentDocument record.  Does anyone know the creation order of the records?  Client wants me to write a trigger for the enhanced Note, and triggers are allowed only for ContentDocument, not ContentNote.
Comment: ContentNote is related to ContentDocument via ContentDocumentLink (a junction). Triggers are available on ContentDocumentLink which will only exist once both of its parents exist (ContentNote, ContentDocumentLink)
Comment: Yes, but what is the order of creation?  Is the ContentNote created first or the ContentDocument?
Comment: why does it matter; until the `ContentDocumentLink` is inserted, you don't have a trigger point to attach code to; and by then, you have access to both the ContentNote and ContentDocument to do what you need to
Answer: Disregard my ill-informed comment to your OP
ContentNote is saved with key prefix 069 which is a ContentDocument. And, ContentDocument is the parent of ContentVersion (key prefix of 068).
You can think of the ContentDocument as the header and ContentVersion as the actual "note" -- with multiple versions supported. As you edit the Note and click Save, a new ContentVersion is created - but under the same ContentDocument
Since ContentNotes are typically added as children to some Object (like Account or Opportunity), the relationship between the ContentNote (i.e. ContentDocument) and the Account or Opportunity is handled via a ContentDocumentLink.
So, what happens first when the Note is first saved?

ContentVersion is created (trigger possible)
ContentDocument is created (happens automatically when the first ContentVersion is saved). Trigger is also possible although it is not clear to me if you'll get control when this object is initially inserted via the side effect of #1
ContentDocumentLink is inserted - the link(junction) between the Account (or Opportunity or ...) and ContentDocument - trigger also possible
Answer: FYI to anyone else struggling with this as I am, this is the trigger firing order when the "New" Content Note button is clicked:
ContentVersion BEFORE_INSERT
ContentDocument BEFORE_INSERT
ContentDocument AFTER_INSERT
ContentDocumentLink BEFORE_INSERT
ContentDocumentLink AFTER_INSERT
ContentDocument BEFORE_UPDATE
ContentDocument AFTER_UPDATE
ContentVersion AFTER_INSERT
ContentDocumentLink BEFORE_INSERT
ContentVersion BEFORE_UPDATE
ContentDocument BEFORE_UPDATE
ContentDocument AFTER_UPDATE
ContentVersion AFTER_UPDATE
ContentDocumentLink AFTER_INSERT

and when "Save" is clicked:
ContentVersion BEFORE_INSERT
ContentDocument BEFORE_UPDATE
ContentDocument AFTER_UPDATE
ContentVersion AFTER_INSERT

PS
Just found this detailed post Triggers on ContentObjects.


Fixing patch up that has gotten 1st coat of paint

Question: I tried to do my first diy patch job before painting and it did not turn out well.  The first coat of paint was applied and I wanted to know how to fix it.  Any guidance is appreciated and please keep in mind I'm a newbie.
Comment: by fix it do you mean how do you make it look nicer?
Answer: You need to sand and then re-coat it will be a bit tougher to sand with the paint on there but it will come off.
To do a really good job sand just until you see the paper, wipe down with a wet cloth to remove the dust, then apply another coat of mud, I suggest a 12" wide knife or wider for best results you don't want a thick coat. When put on two thick it shows more shrinkage so a quick sand and fill again may be needed, I shine a light on the work prior to painting , put the light close to the wall and look to see shadows on the other side of the patch. Lightly sand and recoat a wider patch will be less noticeable when you have a bump to hide, when I was a kid and learning it would take me 3,4,5 coats to get it good enough for my dad, today I usually get it in 2, sometimes 3 coats don't rush it use light coats, And a light to show imperfections, they will be there the trick to hiding them is wider and uniform patch then a light spray texture can make it really look like a pro job.
Comment: This is obvious to people who have taped/mudded before, but it's also important to get the mud to the correct consistency.  I had to convince my adult son that using pre-mixed standard mud out of the bucket needed to be thinned out.  He was insistent that it was just fine and he'd done it before that way.  He also cut sheetrock on a table saw.  KIDS!  ARG!
Comment: @GeorgeAnderson And see now, that's exactly what I would do, which goes to show why when I'm wiring I go into backflips to avoid messing with drywall.
Comment: George I guess I could have said Razor knife and snap, I have seen sheetrock cut with a skill saw (omg) , and yes pre mix mud may need a little water added won't hurt just takes longer to dry but helps to get a thin coat using std mud.+
Answer: Yes, the even, consistent surface is revealing the flaws!
Ignore the paint altogether.  Do the patch-up in the normal way. Get it flat, then paint the area with primer and see how it looks.
Tell you the truth, in restorations of wooden historic artifacts, we repeat that cycle as needed.  1) Fill/sand the surface to get it as close as possible "by eye" 2) a coat of appropriate primer to make the surface the same color, 3) look for defects, and if any, go to 1.  And we'll repeat that cycle 2-3 times as necessary.
So you just did the first one with topcoat.  Oh well!  Now, alternate between fairing/leveling and a coat of primer until you're happy with how it looks primed. Then topcoat!
Comment: @JimmyFix-it No no... on pro restorations of historic woodwork. The idea I'm conveying is to prime/fill/prime/fill etc.
Comment: are you saying that you patch drywall with 2-part filler (Bondo) as your regular procedure? I have never heard of anyone doing that except maybe in problem wet area next to tub/shower...


Is it possible to manage photos without importing them into libraries in iPhoto or Aperture?

Question: I absolutely love the simple and clean interface and features that iPhoto and Aperture bring and I absolutely hate the "library/import" approach. I like to see my photos as files on a disk and that's that. Is it possible to just navigate through a drive in iPhoto and open images for editing or do I always have to import stuff?
Comment: I had the same feelings, which was what led me to go with Lightroom instead.
Answer: You have to do the imports. The systems need to set up all of their information about the images somehow, after all.
So, start the imports and go do something else for a while. You're not required to sit and watch the imports. Let the computer do its thing, and then come back later when it's done.
Answer: Although storing your photos in folders is fast and simple, you can't place one photo into two folders without making file duplicates. And thus locating the necessary images might require more time.
So economy in a stage of image library classification will leads in loosing time in finding images later.
Answer: In Aperture, at least, you can import photos into the database but leave the files where they are. In the Import settings (when you click on the "Import" button), choose Store Files: In their current location (instead of "In the Aperture Library").
Answer: I am with you entirely.  I hate having to do an import.  I don't mind pointing an application at a folder that I have laid out.  I can further sort within the app, add tagging, etc. But it had better not move my photos around.
I don't know of any way to do what you want with iPhoto.
Lightroom does indeed support a "folder" approach where that folder and everything under it is in the app for you to work on.
Comment: Is there any way to disable the "collection" feature in Lightroom?
Comment: @antonpug - Lightroom can do an import-in-place. It's one of the import options.
Answer: Aperture yes as "referenced masters" — iPhoto no, it only supports its own library structure.
Aperture allows you to import photos as "referenced masters". You can do this from the import settings under the "Aperture Library" settings, by setting "Store Files" to "In their current location" (if already on your hard drive in your own storage system), or by selecting the appropriate folder for your folder-based-library. Note that you can also use the "Rename Files" setting to set up sub-folders (e.g. "YYYY/MMM/DD") as well as renaming the files as they're copied to the folder-based-library.
The same setting exists for "Import Folders as Projects" if you already have a project-based folder structure for your master photos.
Note that only the masters are getting stored in this structure, so you'll still need Aperture to browse your modified/processed images (unless you export to another folder structure).
Answer: If you don't want to import the photos, then select them by pressing Command-A then on the drop down menu select quick view.  This will allow you to view them using the left and right arrows and you won't import them.  Sweet
Comment: Yes, but that lets you just view them right?  Does it allow you to edit them.  I think the point of the question is to be able to use the full functionality of iPhoto or Aperture without the import step.  Not just a slideshow of the images.


What is the purpose of food stamps, WIC, SNAP, and other related federal programs?

Question: It seems to me that one of the necessary functions required by every organism in order to survive, is to have the means of providing food for itself and its offspring. What was the initial reasoning in starting a federal program to provide this function? What percentage of people who use these services are hungry? How many people who don't use the services are hungry? What percentage of people are perpetually using these services, compared to those who only use the services temporarily?
Comment: You may want to check USDA- it is a farm support program too.
Answer: Governments that implement the type of programs you refer to typically believe that their are people they represent who are unable to meet their dietary requirements through their own means.  Politicians supporting such policies often claim that increased domestic security for more people lead to more active job/community participation which raises additional tax revenues from the individuals as well as the businesses they frequent and society benefits as a whole.
In the United States in 2011 14.9% of all households were food-insecure for at least part of the year, meaning that eating patterns for at least one member of the household were disrupted at some point during the year due to financial restrictions according to the United States Department of Agriculture.  Of those households, 57% percent participated in one or more of the food assistance programs that you highlighted in your question.  For all participants in these programs the average monthly net income per household was $336.
SNAP benefits were received by 15.5% of Americans in September 2012 implying that some percentage of those were not food insecure, though it is impossible to tell what the food insecurity number would be if no one received assistance.  The USDA also estimates that between 3-10% of people who are eligible for food stamps are not taking advantage of the program today.
The average length of SNAP participation for new recipients is 8-10 months.  Despite this, there are a significant number of active recipients that have been on the program for extended periods of time.  The USDA reports these two seemingly contradictory facts about participation lengths:

Half of the individuals entering the program during the 1990s received benefits for eight months or less; nearly four out five left
  the program within two years (see figure below).
Half of all participants in a typical month during the mid-1990s were in the midst of a spell (a period of continuous participation)
  that had lasted more than 4½ years.

A full 80% of all new participants leave the program within the first 2 years.  The full report I was able to dig up is not the most recent analysis, but it can be found here.
References:
USDA
Food Research and Action Center
SNAP
Feeding America
Comment: @user1873 I was finally able to find some information on the percent of participants who were on the program for an extended period of time and have added that to my answer.  Whew, that was a challenge!
Comment: I am sure you understand the difference between hunger and food insecurity. your answer doesnt note what percentage of people are on food assistance programs for extended periods. Is that data azvailable?
Comment: @user1873 I could not find those numbers.


Could we see the intro video that was used in the DevDays?

Question: For those who were sitting at home crying. Could we see the intro video that was used at DevDays?
Comment: Who's going to start the "DevDays reviews - Sitting at home crying"?
Comment: A bounty? I don't think Joel needs your rep ;)
Comment: Yes! I was actually going to ask this – presumed it had already been done though.
Comment: The only way if I want someone to REALLY look at my question (as per the FAQ)
Comment: Don't trust the FAQ :)
Answer: I asked Joel to post it, but he's hesitant for some reason...
Comment: Joel doesn't strike me as a person to shy away from controversial statements, surprised he wouldn't want an obviously over-the-top (hilarious) joke video seen.
Comment: @Sam Saffron: Wow, I read that as "run it by your legal crack team" and wondered what drugs have to do with it.
Comment: you should run it by your crack legal team
Comment: Hmm, I'd love to see it. If it means getting sued by a bunch of expert transsexuals, so be it.
Comment: So do we need to ask Joel directly then?
Comment: The Pope might get upset?
Comment: for context: http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10630/will-stack-overflow-sue-me/10637#10637
Answer: Fog Creek Customer Service to me
Hi Rip,
Joel passed along your email and asked me to get back to you.
We don't have it online unfortunately... although you're the 3rd to ask!
If there's any way I can help you further, please let me know.
Sincerely,
Michael
Comment: Hello Michael, you can help me by putting the video online. Thanks, SO users ;-)
Answer: This video was terrible and should never ever be released to the public.
I find it personally offensive and controversial in numerous ways, and with its extremely high production quality it is poised to spread like a virus over the world wide web.
The effects of this could be devastating:

Fog Creek Software, who is already flaunting how comfortable and cool they make their developers, stand to represent themselves as people who both manage developers and have a sense of humor. This puts tremendous pressure on both developers and managers to act human.
By drawing parallels to a popular television show and character, and by focusing on several aspects of developer culture that are not mired in technical lexicon, this video may actually be found humorous to non-developers.
This video makes it very clear, even if thinly veiled in tasteless humor, that people without Asperger's or other analogous social disorders are disadvantaged as potential employees. I have tried in vain efforts to make myself more marketable, to force myself to understand your world of lolcats and 4chan but I can not crack this glass ceiling.  The prejudice needs to stop, not be fueled by dissemination of this video.

I vote an emphatic NO.  You should be ashamed of yourselves.
Answer: Found this very very average copy on YouTube - you can't see much but at least you can hear it.
Comment: Ya I saw that, totally unwatchable.
Comment: Yeah agreed but at least you can listen to it. The real thing would be great.
Answer: I attended the devdays Boston event and would love a copy of this video.
I think everyone should pressure Joel to post it.  :)
Answer: I think the intro demo is going to become Volume 7 - Management, of the Make Better Software training series.  That's why it hasn't been posted.
Comment: It's a fun intro video for the devdays people, don't see how its related to that.