Any way to reduce carb effects?

Question: I have a good diet but my diet contains 12 biscuits(sorry but i eat them daily) which has 24gm carbs per 3 biscuits.Is there any way through exercise and how long the exercise should be and how many days per week to negate its bad effects on my body like fat due to lots of carbs.
Comment: You're going to be spinning around doing a lot of ineffective things to maintain those 12 biscuits a day.
Comment: On a side note, we have rules about asking nutrition questions, but I often enough see questions like yours about using *exercise* to try to "fix" diet issues, so I felt it was on-topic. ^_^ Just in case someone asks why I voted to close a different question today about nutrition, but answered this one.
Answer: As a rough guide, carbohydrates contain 4 calories per gram, so 24 / 3 * 12 * 4 will net you 384 calories. Assuming you're somewhere around 160 pounds (calories burning being dependent on a number of factors including age, sex, and weight), this chart shows that you'd need about an hour of mild aerobics, moderate elliptical training, or resistance weight training each day to "counteract" those calories. Of course, since your biscuits probably have calories from other sources, you're likely better off using the total calorie count on them. And, honestly, you're better off just reducing the total number of calories than trying to add exercise, because our bodies are built to consume more food in the face of exercise.
If you're just worried about the number of "carbs", I'd say that you're better off using other metrics for your diet. While there exist various low-carb diets, most of which are panned by medical personnel, they generally depend on actually eschewing the carbs entirely, not trying to "counter" them with exercise. Reduce your total amount of calories rather than trying to follow some fad of eliminating one food group or another.
Comment: Reducing total overall calorie worked like a solid stone very fast than atkins diet personally for me.thanks

Any way to reduce carb effects?


Unable to boot gigabyte brix from Windows 10 installed on SSD

Question: I have Windows 10 installed in SSD in legacy mode (not UEFI). I have connected it to gigabyte brix. When I turn on the Brix, its does not boot from SSD. Instead it gives me UEFI shell:

When I type exit and hit enter in above shell prompt, it seems to take me to BIOS which lists SSD is detected:

It does not show SSD in boot order:

I tried by turning off secure boot, but no help:

How can I enable booting from legacy mode Windows installation in my SSD and boot Brix from it?
Update
I did not mention exact version of BRIX. Its Gigabyte BRIX GB-BLCE-4105
After going through some reviews, I found that UEFI support is hard coded in the firmware and it simply does not support leagacy OS support.
My further questions will be:
Q1. Is that even possible to hardcode UEFI support and not support legacy mode at all? (I guess yes, it all depends on how firmware is coded, but need confirmation)
Q2. Is it fixable? With say firmware updates / flashing or some other approaches?
Comment: Your motherboard firmware does not support legacy booting -only UEFI.  That is the norm for most new motherboard firmware nowadays.  Vendors have been slowly phasing out CSM support for years.
Answer: After going through some reviews, I found that UEFI support is hard coded in the firmware and it simply does not support leagacy OS support.
My further questions will be:
Q1. Is that even possible to hardcode UEFI support and not support legacy mode at all? (I guess yes, it all depends on how firmware is coded, but need confirmation)
Q2. Is it fixable? With say firmware updates / flashing or some other approaches?
Including screenshots of the reviews mentioning the same:
Review from amazon

Reviews from newegg


Can I orientate blocks that have the same texture?

Question: I want to retexture the ice blocks in Minecraft Java Edition into roads that I can run around my town (with boats as cars) but I'm wondering whether I can orient them to have them facing E/W instead of N/S and vice versa. Is this possible?
Answer: You can look at a block with the debug screen open to check whether it has block states for rotation, only then it's possible. In some surprising cases it is, like floor buttons differing between North and South orientation, but ice does not have such block states. You would need a mod for server and client to change that. You could try to re-implement ice mechanics for a different block with a datapack, but it's unlikely to work well.


Can central bank interest rate hikes lead to a price gain in equities?

Question: I ran an empirical analysis on recent interest rate changes of European central banks on Swiss equity prices and found statistically significant results. A 1 percentage point increase in interest rates would lead to a around 5% increase in the daily return of equities on the day the monetary policy announcement was made. For bond prices my results show that this would lead to a negative impact on bond prices of about 1%, which is what I would have expected for equities too. So how can it be that the short term response of equity prices to a rise in interest rates is positive?
Answer: perhaps flight to quality? ie reduced expectations of euro equity profits cause equity reallocation out of euro into chf.
and increased eur bond yields perhaps cause bonds reallocation out of chf into eur because of a) higher , ie more attractive coupons , b) eurchf xchange rate perhaps expected to strengthen
Answer: Stock market is very complicated and there are many factors in play other than interest rates.

For example, let's say the word on the street is that the Fed is going to increase interest rates by 50 basis points at its next meeting, but the Fed announces a increase of only 25 basis points. The news may actually cause stocks to increase – because assumptions of a 50 basis point increase had already been priced into the market.
Interest rate hikes typically occur during favourable economic conditions (inflation control) which move the stock prices up instead of decreasing.
It is very difficult to understand the correlation between interest rates and stock prices, as many of them might positively correlated like stocks of banks, insurance etc
Under Portfolio theory, investors are compensated for systematic risk only because unsystematic risk can be diversified. Interest rates hike is a systematic risk and investor must be rewarded (return) for that additional risk. Mathematically, I think it shifts the security market line (SML) upward.
Comment: It cannot be the first point since I was looking at the unexpected interest rate change using a jump in the interest rate future to determine whether the change was expected or not. I think 2. makes the most sense


If a sorcery causes a creature of mine to deal damage to target creature or player, do I have to then tap my creature?

Question: If I were to cast a sorcery like Rabid Bite, does that tap my creature after the damage is dealt or can I use it in my attack phase too? Can I still use it to defend? What about the sorcery Prey Upon?
Comment: is there some reason to assume they would get tapped?
Answer: Neither effects cause your creature to become tapped.
Tapping a creature to attack is a specific part of the creature attacking and actually has nothing to do with the damage dealt.  This is the reason why Vigilance works the way it does.  There is nothing intrinsic about tapping and damage being dealt.  Rabid Bite would explicitly have to say

"Tap target creature you control.  It deals damage equal to its power to target creature you don't control."

Specifically with Fight, you can read from the Innistrad release article which explicitly says that the creatures do not become tapped.

For a creature to fight another creature, each deals damage equal to its power to the other. A few finer points:

The damage is dealt simultaneously, and it is dealt by the creatures themselves, so abilities like deathtouch, lifelink, and infect will work as normal.
Damage dealt while fighting is not combat damage, so abilities like first strike won't have any effect.
Fighting doesn't cause the creatures to become tapped.
Only creatures can fight.
No more than two creatures can fight.
If a creature somehow fights itself, it will deal damage to itself equal to its power twice simultaneously.
Comment: Note that in one era of MtG, a tapped blocking creature would not deal damage.  This has long been no longer the case.
Comment: To expand upon this answer, in Magic, unlike in many other card games (looking at you, Yugioh), the cards do what they say they do and nothing else.  This is becoming less and less the case as the number of keywords increase, and Planeswalker as a creature type is something of a disaster in terms of user experience, but in general it's still pretty safe to assume that a card does what it says and does not do what it doesn't say.
Comment: @Ertai87 That's total BS. Every keyword action, including deal damage, has a rule definition, so you have to look up the definition of dealing damage in the rules to know what it does. The definition of dealing damage could include tapping the source of the damage. It doesn't, but it could. You have to look up the rule definition to know. You can't just read the card as you say. In fact,  dealing damage does something like 7 different things!


slf4j How to specify max logged number for a line

Question: I've got a huge number of log messages in project's log. I want to reduce that number by logging only first N of them for every line of code where log is used.
Are there any existent solutions for my task?
Thanks in advance.
Comment: Couldn't you simply use the debug level for filtering or log rotation?
Answer: This is not something i have tried myself, but if you use logback as the underlying logging mechanism of slf4j, I imagine you could write a custom filter that takes care of filtering the log output as you specify it.
http://logback.qos.ch/manual/filters.html
Answer: I decided to implement a LoggerWrapper by myself.
We can obtain the current line of a caller, count its occurrence and decide whether print a message or not. I think it's quite simple but a kind of routine.


What are the other language models of computation similar to lambda calculus?

Question: I hope this question makes sense, but I was wondering if there are other models of computation similar to lambda calculus that you can use to build up axiomatic mathematical and logical fundamentals like numbers, operators, arithmetic functions and such?
Answer: Yes, there are many models of computation, and of those many are extensions or modifications of the $\lambda$-calculus. You may wish to learn about partial combinatory algebras, which are very general models of computation, of which the $\lambda$-calculus is an example. Every partial combinatory algebra has a $\lambda$-like notation for defining functions. They encompass examples such as: $\lambda$-calculus, Turing machines, Turing machines with oracles, topological models of computation, PCF, etc.
Many models of computation can be seen as extensions or modifications of the $\lambda$-calculus. Let us consider the simply typed $\lambda$-calculus augmented with various features:

System T is $\lambda$-calculus with natural numbers and primitive recursion. It is not Turing complete.
The aforementioned PCF is $\lambda$-calculus extended with natural numbers and general recursion. It is Turing complete.
There are many extensions of PCF, for instance PCF++ can perform parallel computations, PCF+catch can throw and catch exceptiosn, PCF+quote can disasemble code into source code, etc. These are all different computation models based on the $\lambda$-calculus.
In another direction, we can extend the $\lambda$-calculus with more powerful types, for instance System F is a $\lambda$-calculus with polymorphic types. It is quite powerful but not Turing complete.

All of this is just scratching a rich theory of models of computation and functional programming languages (which is what extensions of $\lambda$-calculus are, more or less). If you are interested in the topic, you can start by reading some books on the principles of programming langauges (for practical aspects), or some books on realizability theory (for theoretical aspects).
Comment: What are the few non-lambda-calculus models that could fit to the criterion of computable? Is there other "method" than some sort of function notation or turing machinery?
Comment: There are many many models of computation. If you would like to know more about the topic, I am afraid you will have to study it. For this purpose I included many links in my answer. I suggest you follow them, as I cannot explain everything here.
Comment: So, do you mean that these other systems are not conceptualized / named and cannot be listed easily? In the original question, I'm particularly asking for other systems than obviously LC related, so in the answer I'm expected to see them rather than LC modifications.
Comment: What I am saying is that you should read the existing literature. Start by chasing the links that I provided. There is a whole world of models of computation out there which does not fit into this answer.
Answer: Historically, Church, Kleene, and perhaps others argued for recursive functions to capture mathematical reasoning.  Godel instead posed mathematical reasoning as syntax in logical symbols.  There is a story, as told by Wadler, (here if the link still works) that Church showed Godel their different notion were equivalent, causing Godel to remark that therefore neither model expresses mathematical reasoning accurately.  Turing added a further formulation that any "Turing complete" machine could reproduce both Godel's model and Church's model.  ...so... insofas $\lambda$-calculus is just a syntax for evaluating functions there isn't really any strength here that couldn't for example be achieved by strings in a Turing Machine or strings in PHP.  As long as a computational model is Turing complete at least there should be an equivalent way to do all computations.  This is roughly the statement of today's "Turing-Church Thesis".  Belief in whether this capture mathematical sophistication is a personal choice, but it says that you really can't invent a Turing complete programming model that can't do math.  So in that sense the answer to your question is almost every programming language.
Even so, some languages that leverage mathematical axioms (Idris, Agda), theorem proving etc. actually try to restrict you to "total functions" meaning all inputs have an output in finite time (no infinite recursions).  Those are actually less powerful than say C or PHP in that they are not Turing complete.  But as Edwin Brady is happy to remind people, it is still likely that most interested programs such as "Pac-man" can be written in total languages.
I think the spirit of you question is to spark a list of programming abstractions related to mathematical reasoning.  To that I would say beyond the syntax of $\lambda$-calculus the following are essential for making any mathematical reasoning readable and thereby useable.

A good way to distinguish values/varaibles, from functions, from relations.
This could be a set theory or a type theory.  In vogue today are dependent types (or path-dependent as in Scala if thats what you can get).  Mathematics however is still largely in the set groove so there is a need to translate.  But however the model it needs to be clear that there are elements to input to a function, and that the elements together can be collected into different clumps (sets or types) and that we can impose relationships between the elements in clumps (equivalence, partial orders etc.)
Good type inference.  Math doesn't say what $x$ or $2$ is everytime it uses it in an equation, it would be too hard to get going or to read.  The programming language has to be able to figure that out on its own from context.  To me type inference means that with very little writing the reader and the programming language can tell whether we intend a value/varaible/function/ or relation, and place it if need be within a constrained context, such as a set or type.
Implicit context -- similar to type inference, we need not only the types but the functions to be self-evident from context even if their exact syntax can be found elsewhere with different meaning.  This is more than type checking.  E.g. $x*y*z$ needs to have the type inference tell you what $*$ means, but it also needs to be clear that this could be treated as $(x*y)*z$ or as $x*(y*z)$ which is an axiom on $*$ you wouldn't bother to expressly mention but would be critical to some type-checking.  So implicit context to me is the addition of theory given by the axioms. It is ok (and necessary) that this theory be constructive, i.e. a language is only required to invoke theorems it has already proved.  But it should largely on its own look up what is already known, perhaps with hints (often called "tactics").

Given all that, its quite fun to explore, and many languages now can handle this. But I would say still so far none do such a great job.  So far most systems are reasonably good at axioms in 1st order logic. E.g. equations that have to hold such as Length(List1 cat List 2)=Lenght(List1) + Length(List2).  That really is far short of high-level reasoning about numbers.
A programming languages still can't reason well about relations, e.g. quotients, homotopies, and equivalences.  As a simple exercise consider how you would write a program that produced the field $\mathbb{Z}/p$ for a prime $p$.  How would you prove non-zero elements have inverses? Its a simple mathematical expression to state $(\forall x)(x\neq 0\Rightarrow (\exists y)(xy=1))$.  But somewhere down the line you have to hide a proof that $p$ is prime (here I mean $p$ is a variable to your dependently typed $\mathbb{Z}/p$).  After AKS that can be done but not at all trivially in the type system.  Without this you wont get to build say linear algebra over finite fields or prove some RSA system is correct etc.
As a larger point, most languages hope to express objects with equivalent types as normal forms, and then compare normal forms.  This can be incredibly expensive computationally.  And if your language is Turing complete it can actually be impossible.
Comment: Can you please provide a source for the claim that "Church developed recursive functions (with $\lambda$-calculus as a notation) to capture mathematical reasoning"? I think you are inventing history here, as recursive functions were not the primary motivation for the invention of the $\lambda$-calculus.
Comment: From a short question you got my point very well. Surely most of the computer languages with anonymous functions provides the same model than LC only with syntactical differences. So I was looking for something different. Absractions you gave, however, suit well to the question. How fundamental is the substitution method? Isnt it the core of the computability? Math equations are often about simlifying and replacing symbols. Is this the only way to go? Also, could category theory help with revealing what is happening behind the equality sign in math equations?
Comment: True, I should not have assigned intent like this to Church's $\lambda$-calculus, nor been so non-academic about the timeline. I will edit. But you caused me try and recall where I heard this anecdote, it was by Wadler, and I can do no better than to point to his research on the history [here](http://wadler.blogspot.com/2008/06/history-of-lambda-calculus-and.html).
Comment: @MarkokraM, I work on computational aglebra and it's great to have some help from the language/compiler, but no I'd say most steps look nothing like basic substitutions. A lot of linear and polynomial solving happens instead.  Most major progress in that domain you get from better algorithms, not so much different data structures or programming languages.  But indeed, you program faster and with fewer errors in expressive languages.


Android app doesn't render LaTeX content in comments

Question: I'm using the Stack Exchange app for Android. The app displays TeX formulas inside questions and answers as expected, but not in comments. Here it shows only the raw TeX code. I first noticed this issue in a comment on the Electrical Engineering site.
Comment: @KasraRahjerdi   It would be a good idea to notify **math.stackexchange** users of the possibility to render MathJax in the comments if they are on their mobile. How? I am not sure about the best way, but maybe in a tutorial like pop up.
Comment: According to [this answer](http://meta.stackexchange.com/a/214264/152859) you need to tap the comment first and choose "Render Mathjax"
Comment: Thanks for moving the question to this site. Is there a reason why MathJax is not enabled by default?
Comment: @Paebbels repro'd on my end, looking into this now.
Comment: It was @Tim Stone, not me, as for why not enabled by default most likely because it would slow things down too much.
Comment: I tried Render Mathjax, but it does not render \$\frac{1}{16}\$. It's still tex code.
Comment: Weird, I thought this should be the same. Leave a comment to Kasra on his reply to the dupe, and see what he has to say. (e.g. bug or by design)
Comment: This still has not been fixed.
Comment: @KasraRahjerdi Are there any updates on this issue?
Comment: Unlike most MathJax-enabled sites, where the delimiters for online math are single dollar signs `$..$`, Electrical Engineering uses the dollar sign preceded by backslash: `\$ .. \$`. It appears that the MathJax configuration shipped with the app does not take this difference into account. I don't think that one configuration file could handle both sorts of delimiters at the same time; it seems the app should load different MathJax configurations for different sites.
Comment: @MatheusRotta this is a great idea. We can detect when it's the first time they are seeing a comment with MathJax markup in it and tell them about this functionality.
Answer: Since v1.0.83or somewhere before that, it has been fixed: the app renders the MathJax comment correctly while following per-site's MathJax delimiters.
Note: you still need to tap the comment and select "Render MathJax" to see the rendered text.
Comment: 1.0.84 will use the correct escapes for a given site when deciding whether or not to show "Render MathJax".
Comment: Is the answer to 'why isn't MathJax auto-rendered in comments viewed in app' officially 'because it would slow the app down too much?'
Comment: @MonaLisaOverdrive I think I found answer to the "why" aspect in [this post by Kasra Rahjerdi](https://meta.stackexchange.com/a/214264/287261). Quoted in part (and very mildly paraphrased): "Adding MathJax / LaTeX to question and answer bodies is really easy, but adding it to comments, question titles, and the question listings is troublesome. Since everything in the app other than the question/answer bodies are native code rather than webviews, this is going to take us a while to try and figure out. At the moment we're putting it on the backburner."
Comment: Note: "*Render MathJax*" is available on comments that have MathJax markdown *even though the site doesn't support it* (e.g. Meta SE). It just **won't work** though. $\frac{1}{16}$


Power 240 v ac light from two power sources

Question: I have existing led lighting in my garage 240 v ac which operates from a pull switch. My garage door opener provides a facility to power a light with 240 v ac as well. What if any additional circuitry, if any, would I need to add if I connect the garage door opener to the same light to cover the situation where both supplied power at the same time?
Comment: I take it your mains voltage is 240 not split 240/120 that is used in the U.S.
Comment: Where are you on this planet, and is this pull switch integral to the fixture, or separate from it?
Comment: I am in the UK so its 220-240 volt ac single phase. The pull switch is separate from the lighting. I guess what I am asking is what is the effect of connecting two power sources at the same time and how can I prevent this if its bad.
Comment: Can you mount something like a [RIBH1C](https://www.functionaldevices.com/products/building-automation/details/RIBH1C/) at your pull switch?
Answer: If I've understood correctly, you want the existing lighting to turn either when the pull switch is activated or when the door opener is activated.
To accomplish this use a relay. The relay's coil would be powered by the door opener and the relay's switch terminals would connect to the terminals of the existing switch. In this way the light will be powered from its existing source whenever the pull switch or the relay (or both) are activated. The relay protects against a variety of bad results that could occur if the door opener output had been connected directly to the pull switch or lighting.
You'll have to choose a relay with appropriate voltage and current specs, and consider local requirements and customs to choose a junction box to contain the relay and wiring. I'd suggest that the relay should be located as near to the pull switch as possible.
Comment: Notably, the garage door "lamp" can go straight to a 24V transformer.  The 24V wire runs between the opener and the relay's coil, which would need to be 24V to match.  Being low voltage, the rules for wiring are significantly relaxed.   Instead of jury rigging a 24V transformer, you could use a simple cell phone charger block screwed in with an adapter, and pull the 5VDC out via a USB cord you cut down.
Comment: That said, this drawing could be improved by fudging physical locations to reflect best wiring practices, i.e. Relay right next to switch.
Answer: Greg has the crux.  I'm only going to talk about packaging.
I gather the pull switches are inside the LED lights.  I would modify each LED light as follows:

I would affix two-terminal low-voltage screw terminal blocks to the outside of each LED light, and put a label that says "Apply 5 VDC to bypass pull switch and turn on light".
I would get a 5V relay with contacts rated for tungsten load at least as large as your LED light (1 amp should suffice).
The coil of the relay is wired with #18 wire to that external terminal block.
The "NO" contacts of the relay are wired to both sides of the pull switch, so it is in parallel with the pull switch.
Now if you apply 5 volts to the external terminals, the light comes on.

At the garage door opener, I would unscrew the light.    Then I would install a common "Edison E26/27 to NEMA 1-15R" screw-in adapter that turns a light bulb socket into an appliance socket.  Then I would install any common cheapie USB cell phone charger block that works on 100-240V and yet has a NEMA 1-15P plug into that adapter.
I know I'm sending you on a snipe hunt to find NEMA 1-15 gear, but NEMA 1 is the only mains socket that will fit inside an Edison E26/27 socket.
As of now, when the garage door turns on the light, you can charge your phone LOL.
Then I would get any competent USB cable and  cut it midway. Find the wires which connect to the outer two USB terminals.   Splice those to #18 thermostat wires, and distribute that to each of the LED lights.
Comment: Those are great enhancements to the idea, especially if the lights each have their own switch rather than being controlled by a single switch. The suggestion to use an off-the-shelf USB power supply to get away from mains voltage and simplify the wiring methods is both clever and elegant.


Cant understand visually what main memory is

Question: According to my university's notes the main memory is made of a consecutive number of positions, each of them contains the same amount of binary digits.  Every position corresponds to a unique address which is what the CPU uses as reference to load from the memory.  However I can't visualize this.  Is the main memory some form of a grid, in which each cell has a unique address and that is what the CPU uses as reference to load data from it?
Comment: You should ask your TA or lecturer to explain this to you.
Comment: The CPU does not see a "*grid*". A "*grid*" implies two dimensions; but memory addresses are linear (specifies an offset in a single dimension). Main memory is like a one-dimensional array, with the memory address used as the array index.
Answer: Visualize boxes arranged in a straight line. They have a fixed order and are labeled starting from 0. These are your memory cells with their addresses.
In each box there's a DIP switch:

(source)
It has a number of switches that represent bits (typically 8 of them): lower position is 0, upper is 1.
CPU will address memory cells (boxes) by their addresses (labels). It can read and write values to any address (look up and set the switches).
Answer: I would say the short answer is basically, yes.
In a typical modern computer, the most specific level, or the lowest level, that can be addressed, is a single byte. Then, within a single byte, there are 8 bits.
Physically, it doesn't really matter how the main memory is laid out.... you could think of it as a grid if you like. Realistically, for the purpose of using main memory, it really is just one really long sequence of bytes, which you can use to do useful things with your program. (It really does boil down to that... memory addresses start at 0, and go all the way up to the highest numbered byte in memory).
Comment: Honestly, I actually would not think of it as a grid. The best way to think about it is, truly, as one gigantic sequence of bytes. The true physical layout in the computer doesn't matter from a software standpoint.
However, yes, 1 cell is 1 byte. (To pick out, or do things, with specific bits, you have to use bitwise operations / bit masking.)
Comment: Note that byte doesn't necessarily have to have exactly 8 bits - although it does in computers we use day to day. Historically there existed eg. 7-bit bytes, which is what ASCII is based on. If you want to be precise or you're dealing with systems that use different-sized bits, you can use the word "octets" - commonly used when discussing networking.
Comment: So it is a grid , each cell of the grid holds 1 byte and each cell has a address which is what the CPU uses as a reference to load data from it??
Comment: @gronostaj ASCII is a 7-bit character set but it exists comfortably in an 8-bit environment, just with the high bit cleared. I can't think of any systems that used a 7-bit byte other than the [Minsk-32](https://www.computer-museum.ru/english/minsk_32.php). I have used systems with a 6-bit byte (Harris) and 9-bit byte (DEC). Wikipedia [confirms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte) the 6 and 9 bit byte sizes as common in the past.


What are the differences between the races?

Question: There are so many choices in races on the Realms of Despair that it's difficult to know where to start.
What are the main differences between the races?  Is there any major advantage to choosing a particular one over the others?
Answer: It is indeed difficult to go through all the information. If you're really planning out your character, I recommend picking a class you'd like to play and then choosing a race to complement it as that will narrow down your choice some. If that's not enough, try looking at the bonuses from the different deities and try to pick one of those to narrow down your race selection, but with 24 deities to pick from, it's no less information to sift through.
Race Differences
From the game's web site:

Your race determines which classes are available to you, and each race has unique bonuses, skills and weaknesses.
An EXP modifier greater than 1 means a bonus is applied to experience gained, while an EXP modifier less than 1 means a penalty is incurred.

They also have different home towns and there is a lot of race-specific equipment.
EXP, Class, Skills
Lizardmen information is not well documented. I read that they have been removed, but on the main site, they still have a listing among the other player races, yet are nowhere to be found on the various class pages. They were given a race-specific skill in 2012.
Classes: A:Augurer
         B:Barbarian
         S:Bladesinger
         C:Cleric
         D:Druid
         F:Fathomer
         M:Mage
         N:Nephandi
         P:Paladin
         R:Ranger
         T:Thief
         V:Vampire
         W:Warrior
*indicates a race-specific skill. Special books must be found to learn these.
Race        EXP   Classes        Skills/Attributes

Drow        1.08  A SC  MN  TVW  Infravision
                                 Scry
                                 Resist Poison
                                 *Web of the Ilythiiri
---------------------------------------------------------
Dwarf       0.97  ABSCD   PRTVW  Infravision
                                 Resist Fire
                                 *Patch
---------------------------------------------------------
Elf         1.10  A SCD M PRTVW  Detect Magic
                                 Resist Cold
                                 *Guardianship of Irrybis
---------------------------------------------------------
Gith        1.06  A SC FMN  TVW  Detect Invisible
                                 *Psionic Shield
---------------------------------------------------------
Gnome       1.20  A  CD M   T    Infravision
                                 Detect Magic
                                 *Tinker
---------------------------------------------------------
Half-Elf    1.04   BSCDFM PRTVW  Infravision
                                 Resist Cold
                                 *Chance
---------------------------------------------------------
Half-Ogre   0.92   BS       TVW  Infravision
                                 Resist Pierce
                                 *Bloodlust
---------------------------------------------------------
Half-Orc    0.94   BS       TVW  Infravision
                                 *Brawl
---------------------------------------------------------
Half-Troll  0.90  ABS       TVW  Resist Poison
                                 *Treat Battle Wounds
---------------------------------------------------------
Halfling    1.02           RTVW  Detect Evil
                                 Sneak
                                 *Distract
---------------------------------------------------------
Human       1.00  ABSCDFMNPRTVW  *Blindfighting
---------------------------------------------------------
Lizardmen   0.91                 Aqua Breath
                                 Resist Slash
                                 *Blend
---------------------------------------------------------
Pixie       1.08     CD MN RT    Fly
                                 *Produce Pixie Dust
                                 *Aerial Mobility
---------------------------------------------------------
Sea-Elf     1.12  A  CDFM   T W  Aqua Breath
                                 Detect Magic
                                 Resist Cold
                                 *Siphon

Deities
From my reading, Race also affects which deities you can worship, although race, class, alignment, and gender all seem to play a role there. The table below is based on Deity information from the wiki and may be inaccurate.
Deities: A:A'enari
         B:Adendra
         C:Bael
         D:Bron'trel
         E:Cawyn
         F:Estathius
         G:Ghordohl
         H:Gre'Vos
         I:Grishnakh
         J:Kalerd
         K:Kardis
         L:Keltas
         M:LaChte
         N:Mak'kor
         O:Masefi
         P:Sarane
         Q:Sh'Vath
         R:Shivvan
         S:Sil-Galith
         T:Tempus
         U:Tirebaen
         V:Vl'aresch
         W:Wirawyth
         Z:Z'hyal
Race        Can Worship

Drow          CD FGH J LMNOP R  UV
------------------------------------
Dwarf       AB D FGH J L  OPQRSTUVWZ
------------------------------------
Elf         AB DEFGH J LM OP R  UVWZ
------------------------------------
Gith        A CD FGH J LMNOP R  UVWZ
------------------------------------
Gnome       A  D FGH J LM OPQR  UV Z
------------------------------------
Half-Elf    AB DEFGH J LM OP R TUVWZ
------------------------------------
Half-Ogre   A  D FGH JKLM OP RSTUVWZ
------------------------------------
Half-Orc    A  D F HIJKLM OP R TUVWZ
------------------------------------
Half-Troll  A    FGH JKLMN P RSTUVWZ
------------------------------------
Halfling    A  D FGH J LM OP R  UVWZ
------------------------------------
Human       A  D FG  J LM OP R TUVWZ
------------------------------------
Lizardmen   A CD FGH J LM OP R  UVWZ
------------------------------------
Pixie       A  D FGH J LM OPQR  U WZ
------------------------------------
Sea-Elf     A  DEFGH J LM OP R  UVWZ

Stats (Not current)
Values listed are those in the downloadable SMAUG 1.8's files. They are dated 2006 and the stats in use have changed slightly since then, but no current documentation on exact values is available. They are fairly representative of in-game behavior, but it should also be noted that most of these numbers are used as modifiers in calculations and are not used as fixed value additions or subtractions to given stats, meaning that they affect your likelihood to roll high values for given stats.
Race        HP  MP  STR DEX WIS INT CON CHA LCK Hunger   Thirst

Drow        +1  +12 -1  +2      +1  -1  -4  +1           -1
---------------------------------------------------------------
Dwarf       +6  -6  +1      +1      +2  -1
---------------------------------------------------------------
Elf         -2  +10 -1  +2      +1  -1  +1  +1
---------------------------------------------------------------
Gith        +4  +20     +2  -1  +1  -2  -5  +1
---------------------------------------------------------------
Gnome       -3  +18 -2      +1  +2  -1  -1  +1  -1       -1
---------------------------------------------------------------
Half-Elf    +3  +3  -1  +1      +1  -1  +1
---------------------------------------------------------------
Half-Ogre   +5  -8  +2  -3  -1  -2  +3  -4
---------------------------------------------------------------
Half-Orc    +6  -9  +1  -2  -2  -1  +2  -4
---------------------------------------------------------------
Half-Troll  +7  -9  +3  -2  -2  +1  +2  -5
---------------------------------------------------------------
Halfling    -3  +10 -2  +1          +1
---------------------------------------------------------------
Human
---------------------------------------------------------------
Lizardmen   +2      +2  -3  -6  -6  +2  -2  -4
---------------------------------------------------------------
Pixie       -5  +16 -4  +3      +1  -2  +3
---------------------------------------------------------------
Sea-Elf     -2  +10 -1  +2      +1  -1  +1  +1  -1       -3

Also note that Drow can only be evil.
Comment: The ability to create new lizardman characters was removed a long time ago.  Existing characters can still be played though they are becoming quite rare.
Answer: For new players the choice of race can be utterly overwhelming :)
The suggestion to choose a class first is a very astute one.  This will narrow down the choices to a much more manageable level.  Personally I don't worry about the experience modifiers associated with the races, while it can make leveling a little easier or harder, ultimately leveling is not terribly difficult and once you reach level 50 the related bonus becomes irrelevant.
From a new player's point of view, the bonuses bestowed by particular deities can be largely ignored.  All of the bonuses can be found elsewhere and while often handy they represent optimizations that can improve particular defenses but won't cripple your character if you choose something else (the difference between 0 and 10% resistance is far larger than the difference between 10% and 20% due to diminishing returns).
The only real consideration is how the races affect your stats.  New players rarely pay attention to stats and can have characters that have challenges but this should not stop someone from playing a particular race if they really desire it.  For example if someone desires a Pixie character they will have to deal with potentially having strength deficiencies.  These can be annoying but can be overcome.
For an experienced player skovacs1's answer provides a great amount of relevant detail, though I'll add that there are many pieces of equipment that are racially restricted.  Half-orcs are presently favoured for good-aligned warriors for particular easy to buy equipment, half-ogres and half-trolls have long been favoured for waist wear that gives resist poison, which is generally hard to find otherwise.  The problem with building a character around particular equipment is that if new pieces are introduced these builds can become irrelevant.
It is impossible to know which builds are popular without some research.
Comment: Using Deities to further narrow race selection down is an idea because many tend to be quite race, class, and alignment restrictive and I was thinking more in terms of abilities granted and core stat boosts as opposed to resistances or other benefits - most Deities offer like 3 benefits whereas races offer much more. Personally, I wouldn't use Deity as a deciding factor, but some might. Also, I did mention the abundance of racially restricted equipment at the end of the Race Differences section.


bash leaning on TR to format anwsers

Question: I have a really bad habit of abusing tr.
I need to find another way, a different style.
all I want to so is print the list horizontally instead of vertically - so I can cut and past it into an email. Check out the use of the TR command. Just terrible.
$ cat /tmp/wig
update PTMM_ARCHIVE.FASTTRACK_USER set user_name = 'monohajoxx' where user_name = 'monohajo'
update PTMM_ARCHIVE.FASTTRACK_USER set user_name = 'wuemxx' where user_name = 'wuem'
update PTMM_ARCHIVE.FASTTRACK_USER set user_name = 'taraziemxx' where user_name = 'taraziem'
update PTMM_ARCHIVE.FASTTRACK_USER set user_name = 'mullankexx' where user_name = 'mullanke'
update PTMM_ARCHIVE.FASTTRACK_USER set user_name = 'fernanjaxx' where user_name = 'fernanja'
$ awk '{print $NF}' /tmp/wig | tr -d "'" | tr "\n" ", \s" ; echo  "\n"
monohajo,wuem,taraziem,mullanke,fernanja,\n

Comment: I honestly don't see anything wrong with it. That's a perfectly fine one-liner.
Comment: I don't see any questions here. If you're just looking for feedback, consider [Code Review](http://codereview.stackexchange.com/).
Comment: Thank you  - code review  - I will check that out.  - you must agree that I am abusing the tr command. I mean there has to be a better way to get the list printed out that way by using a tool besides tr.
Comment: Did you really want that last comma after `fernanja`?  Typical comma-separated-value formats don't include that.
Answer: Using awk
Here is one way to do it entirely with awk:
$ awk '{gsub(/'\''/,"",$NF); printf "%s%s",(NR>1?",":""),$NF} END{print "\\n"}' wig
monohajo,wuem,taraziem,mullanke,fernanja\n

The gsub command removes the single-quotes from the last field.  The printf command prints the last field preceded by a comma if this isn't the first line.  The final print statement finishes the line.
And, here is another:
$ awk '{printf "%s%s",(NR>1?",":""),substr($NF,2,length($NF)-2)} END{print "\\n"}' wig
monohajo,wuem,taraziem,mullanke,fernanja\n

This uses a similar printf statement but uses substr to remove the first and last characters of the last field.
Using sed
$ sed -nE "s/.*'([^']*)'/\1/"'; H; 1h; ${x; s/\n/,/g; s/$/\\n/; p}' wig
monohajo,wuem,taraziem,mullanke,fernanja\n

How it works:

-n tells sed not to print anything unless we explicitly ask it to.
-E tells sed to use extended regular expressions so that we don't have to type as many backslashes.
s/.*'([^']*)'/\1/
This removes everything from the line except for the last field single-quoted string (with the quotes are removed).
H; 1h;
H adds a newline to the hold space followed by a copy of the current pattern space (which now contains the last field, minus the quotes).
If this is the first line, however, the h command overwrites the hold space with just the current value of the pattern space (no newline).
${x; s/\n/,/g; s/$/\\n/; p}
On the last line, denoted by $, this does the following:
- `x` exchanges the hold and pattern spaces.

- `s/\n/,/g` converts all those newlines to commas.

- `s/$/\\n/` puts a `\n` at the end.

- `p` causes this pattern space to be printed.

bash leaning on TR to format anwsers


Base36 Encode a String?

Question: I've been looking online, but can't find a solution to this.  In Python, Ruby, or Java, how can I base 36 encode the following string:  nOrG9Eh0uyeilM8Nnu5pTywj3935kW+5=
Comment: This has **nothing** to do with cryptography.
Comment: Encode or decode? It looks encoded.
Comment: I want to encode that string and then decode it back in Base36.  I just want to know if it's even possible.
Comment: To all the people sharing code to encode a number, thanks, but I'm trying to encode a string.  Please excuse me if that's not possible.  I see libraries that can base 64 encode a string, though.
Comment: @SLaks Encryption also includes algorithms that are hopelessly naive ;)
Answer: Ruby

To base 36:
s.unpack('H*')[0].to_i(16).to_s 36

From base 36:
[s36.to_i(36).to_s(16)].pack 'H*'

Comment: Very nice, DigitalRoss.  Thanks.
Answer: I have just done this:
  static String encodeRootId(final String value) {
    try {
      final BigInteger bigInteger = new BigInteger(value.getBytes("UTF-8"));
      final String encoded = bigInteger.toString(Character.MAX_RADIX);

      //must encode the sign as well
      if (bigInteger.signum() < 0) {
        return 'n' + encoded.substring(1);
      } else {
        return 'p' + encoded;
      }
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException("impossible");
    }
  }

the trick to convert the string bytes[] to a big int brought the disadvantage of having to manually encode the possible -, admittedly not pretty but a quick solution.
also, in my use case i dont have to decode and performance is not a concern.
Answer: Looks like wikipedia has an article on how to do it in python:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_36
Answer: This could be seen as a duplicate as another question... Python base 36 encoding.
Basically, there is this example on wikipedia:
def base36encode(number, alphabet='0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'):
    """Convert positive integer to a base36 string."""
    if not isinstance(number, (int, long)):
        raise TypeError('number must be an integer')

    # Special case for zero
    if number == 0:
        return alphabet[0]

    base36 = ''

    sign = ''
    if number < 0:
        sign = '-'
        number = - number

    while number != 0:
        number, i = divmod(number, len(alphabet))
        base36 = alphabet[i] + base36

    return sign + base36

def base36decode(number):
    return int(number, 36)

print base36encode(1412823931503067241)
print base36decode('AQF8AA0006EH')

Wikipedia page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_36
Comment: This answers the question of how to base 36 encode a numeric value, but not a string.
Comment: @Bradford: Just convert your string to a number and encode it. Reverse the steps for decoding. For example if you're using 8-bit characters, consider each character code to be a Base 256 digit.
Comment: @Bradford: Here's a quick way to convert a string of 8-bit characters into a number: `reduce(lambda a,d: a*256 + ord(d), astring, 0)`.
Comment: base36 is about encoding NUMBERS *only*
Comment: Wow.  Thanks a lot martineau.  That's actually the answer I was looking for.  It was easy to reverse with divmod too.

Base36 Encode a String?


Working on small objects in MM but Add menu adds relatively giant objects

Question: I'm Working on small objects in MM but the Add menu adds relatively giant objects compared to scale I am working. I can't figure out how to get them down to size and when I zoom out I cannot see new object.
Is there a way to tell Blender to add a new object in a smaller initial size?
Answer: After adding new object press F6 and set acceptable size or radius of the object.
Next time, during session, then you add same object, blender will remember that size.


What to do if microarray t-test, ANOVA, SAM and LImma show various selected significant genes?

Question: Need advice: how to approach discrepancy in differential microarray gene expression test results: what to do if ANOVA, ttest, SAM and Limma procedures show different results and especially more discrepant when using log transformations and normalization operations?
Answer: I wouldn't expect different methods to give the same results. Further, why are you even testing non-normalized datasets, the results of that are completely and utterly useless for any purpose other than showing that normalization is important. In addition, an T-test is a special case of an ANOVA (and of course limma is itself using a moderated T-test, though it's going to have significantly more power than the others), so I have to ask myself exactly what sort of design you're using that it's appropriate to substitute one for the other and still get apparently vastly different results.
In general, I would strongly encourage you to work with a local bioinformatician or statistician for what is presumably your first microarray analysis, particularly if you don't have a strong statistics background.
Comment: We are all academically educated in medicine and computer science, you know. However, we did 7 years of angiogenesis, not microarray research and started this theme recently, We have read many books, and advices are quite controversial. In routine, we do quantile normalization and log2 or log1o transformation for visualization. Design is simple: 4 columns of control bioichips and 6 of experimental data. Problem is that no up- or down- significant expression is achieved when using massive normalization, log transform, FDR and so on. Thank you for helping me.


Die probability

Question: You roll a six sided die twice. What is the probability of rolling twice and getting a 1 or 2? What is the probability of not getting a 1 or 2?
I've created a tree diagram and have come up with 20/36 chances of getting a 1 or 2. 16/36 getting anything else.
Am I on the right track?
Comment: Your answers seem to be right
Answer: Yep, you'r right. You can use probability properties as well. Let
$A=$ the event that you get a $1$
$B=$ the event that you get a $2$
You can easily verify using a tree diagram that $P(A) =P(B) =\dfrac{11}{36}$, and $P(A\cap B) =\dfrac{2}{36}$. Now
$P(A\cup B) =P(A) +P(B) -P(A\cap B)$
$=\dfrac{11}{36} +\dfrac{11}{36} -\dfrac{2}{36} =\dfrac{20}{36}$.
And the probability of getting anything else, is the complement. That is
$P\left(\{ A \cup B\}^{c}\right) =1-P(A\cup B)$
$=1- \dfrac{20}{36} =\dfrac{16}{36}$.
Comment: Thank you so much! I thought it was too easy to be that. Felt like I was missing something

Die probability


Text field to Picklist

Question: Is it possible to push the value of a text field into a picklist without using a trigger in salesforce?
Comment: I'm pretty sure Process Builder can do this.
Answer: You should use Process Builder.

Create a process for your object and select Start the process- "when a record is created or edited"

Set criteria to check if your text field Is Changed = true or Was Set = true.

Set action type as Update Records, click on your root object (shot 1) and hit save (shot 2).

Set the Field as your picklist value, and make sure your Value is set to reference.

I used Account with some standard fields for simplicity, but you obviously will want to replace the object and fields.
Answer: @Adrian is right on with Process Builder.
You could also do this with the Data Loader if it's more of a one-time thing.
It's certainly not best-practice to store text values in picklist fields. There are several places in the UI where your choices are presented as lookups (list views for example). You'll never be able to create views to filter on those values. But I'll assume you have a good reason to want to do this :)

Text field to Picklist


Using OpenCL in linux and IDEs

Question: For using OpenCL in linux should I have NVIDIA GPU?
In my computer I have an Intel GPU and i3 Intel CPU supported SSE3 and SSE4, I want program whith OpenCL in windows can I use an other IDE than "Visual Studio" for example "Code Blocks"?
Thank you
Comment: I have successfully used codeblocks for OpenCL in linux and Windows. However, you will have little to none plugins or integrated tools.
Comment: It is really easy to get OpenCL running using Visual Studio Express and the SDK from any of the manufacturers.  Be careful if you have multiple platforms installed with multiple devices.  It can be a bit dicey configuring OpenCL until you get some good classes developed.  Personally, I would recommend AMD or Intel for OpenCL development, as NVIDIA seems to lag behind in vector support and in a few other areas.
Answer: You can use OpenCL with any GPU, as it can run on a CPU as well (that's one of the strong points of OpenCL vs CUDA and the like).
But if you want OpenCL to actually use your GPU and not (or not only) your CPU, you will have to have a driver for your GPU which supports OpenCL, e.g. AMD or NVIDIA. Intel also lists Intel HD and Intel Iris graphic chips as supported through their OpenCL SDK, but you should probably check what you're actually running on if you want to make sure (e.g. check at the start of your program - see Appendix A).
Also, OpenCL has NOTHING to do with CPU extensions like SSE (specific implementations may use SSE/AVX/whatever CPU extension for better performance, but OpenCL does not require any of those per se), or with the IDE you use, and only very little with operating system. So you're free to use whichever IDE you want to (at the end, the IDE is only the editor you write your code with). In the case of Visual Studio people often tend to mix IDE with compiler, as Visual Studio uses it's own compiler per default, but afaik even there you're free to change it to e.g. the mingw or cygwin provided compiler, or use the icc. (Feel free to correct me on the Visual Studio part as I've only tested it once before completely wiping it forever)

Appendix A: How to check which devices can be used by OpenCL on a given system http://dhruba.name/2012/08/14/opencl-cookbook-listing-all-devices-and-their-critical-attributes/
Comment: I am going to download the intel OpenCL SDK and I found that we must have "Microsoft Visual C++* 2010 runtime libraries", see this link: http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-sdk-for-opencl-applications-2013-release-notes#_System_Requirements_1
Comment: You don't even need an SDK nor libraries. If you use dynamic OpenCL. Like "clew". If you need clew for OpenCL C++ bindings, let me know.
Comment: @griffin, you mention that "OpenCL has NOTHING to do with CPU extensions like SSE". That is incorrect as both AMD and Intel's OpenCL CPU drivers target the SSE/AVX instruction sets.
Comment: @JimV That's the implementation you're talking about, but OpenCL itself does not say anything about CPU extensions (and could as well be implemented without using any of those extensions). But I will amend the paragraph to make it more clear, thanks for pointing that out.
Comment: @DarkZeros You never _need_ any kind of SDK or library for anything. (I don't know clew, but from googling a few mins it still relies on system provided shared libraries, but I might be wrong there). You can do anything those provide yourself as well. But the OP might be interested in what you mention, so if you have a link for that, I'll gratefuly (adding your name to it) add it to the answer to make it easier for others to find as well.

Using OpenCL in linux and IDEs


Subsite not inheriting master page from parent until manual intervention

Question: I have a SharePoint 2013 publishing site collection that has a custom master page for look and feel. I created a site template (also a publishing site) that inherits the master page from the parent. When I create a new subsite using that template the master page doesn't take effect until I manually go to Site Settings | Master Page and flip the radio buttons from Inherit to Specify and back. Why?
Comment: The site template you have was taken before the new master page was applied to entire site collection or after.
Answer: Just a workaround if you have access to EventReceivers:
Write a WebProvisioned Receiver and set the MasterUrl property of the new SPWeb object to the MasterUrl of your parent (or whatever Web you know of that is using the correct MasterPage).
Answer: You can not apply the master page on site which is created from custom site template. Either you can use event receiver or you need to modify the master page from the template (Extract template and update default seattle.master).
Answer: You can do this by editing the onet.xml inside the solution file. You will have to extract the .wsp from the solution gallery then edit the onet.xml so that the master page urls looks like this:
MasterUrl="/_catalogs/masterpage/MyCustom.master"
note the first slash!!!
then use makecab to create a new cabinet file.
See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19411440/makecab-create-a-cab-file-from-all-the-files-in-a-folder
Answer: Browse to the master page settings, check off the box that says "Reset all subsites to inherit this site master page setting", and click OK.
A similar question has been answered here:
How do I get a subsite to inherit the main masterpage?
Comment: Clearly not a answer, as the topic title already clarifies the topic starter knows how to do this manually. The problem is that you have to 'reset all subsites to inherit the master page' every time you create a new subsite.


Can I run Armorlite 12/2 wire through one side of a wall to the other side?

Question: I have a shared wall from my garage and living room. My breaker panel is located in my garage and is on the shared wall with my garage and living room. I am wanting to add a dedicated 20amp outlet to my living room and instead of running the wire through the wall like normal I am wanting to run it along my garage wall to the point I want the outlet in my living room. And from there drills hole through the wall from the garage to the living room for the outlet. Is this allowed? The wire is armorlite and will be protected with a conduit for the few inches it intersects with the wall but not sure if code allows for what I am trying to do here. Basically I am trying to avoid cutting into my drywall and having to replace/patch it when I can Just run the wire along my garage and then "poke it" through to my living room
Answer: Poking armored cables through walls is fine, but you need to mind your bend radius...
First off, the NEC permits armored and metal-clad cables for both exposed and concealed work, so there's no issue with taking one through a wall.  However, you do need to mind the cable's bend radius when you do so; as a result of this, it may be better to use a flush mounted junction box with a KO faceplate and right-angle fitting to transition the cable into the wall.
...and the garage firestopping, too
Because this is the house/garage wall, not some other interior wall in the house, you'll also want to mind your firestopping a bit.  If you're passing the cable through the wall directly, a typical firestopping caulk/sealant product should work provided it's used in accordance with its UL firestop system listing.  If you're using a box instead, though, you'll need to use firestop putty pads to seal the box up from the outside.
Comment: Thank you for the information. One more question. Do I need to use a gfci or afci outlet or one of those as a breaker if the main use of this outlet is for a tv stand fireplace? It's not going be a main source of heat but might be on for an hour or two at a time on a lower setting.
Comment: @Guest30 -- you'll need to use an AFCI breaker unless you tap an existing AFCI-protected receptacle circuit
Comment: Thank you. Would this breaker be sufficient? Your friend has shared a link to a Home Depot product they think you would be interested in seeing:

https://www.homedepot.com/p/Square-D-Homeline-20-Amp-Single-Pole-Plug-On-Neutral-Combination-Arc-Fault-Circuit-Breaker-HOM120PCAFIC-HOM120PCAFIC/204844659
Comment: The above afci breaker is compatible with my breaker panel. And sorry to clarify you are saying that if I am putting in a new circuit and outlet,  if the outlet receptical is not an AFCI outlet I need an AFCI breaker? Or do I just straight up need an AFCI breaker regardless of the outlet receptical type?
Comment: @Guest30 -- I'd just use an AFCI breaker for simplicity's sake
Answer: The armored wire is fine, but I wouldn't surface mount an electric box in my living room.
(1) Go to the a stud in the garage that borders the wall cavity where you want the outlet, surface mount a box in the garage on that stud, and run your armored cable to that box.
(2) Cut a hole in your living room for a remodel receptacle box.
(3) Punch through the back of the garage box into your wall cavity and feed in romex wire, grabbing it through the remodel box's hole.
Now you can wire the whole thing up without any drywall repair.
Comment: That's what I plan on doing. The mounted box would be in the garage and I would just be placing a normal wall receptical in the living room. My apologies if I wasn't clear on that in my post. I just wasn't sure on code if I would get dinged on resale inspection if I had tha weird looking setup in my garage. But they wouldn't really know I guess unless they took apart the junction box I would put in the garage where the wire enters my living room
Comment: Armorite makes AC and MC cable. For AC the cable must be "secured" every 4-1/2 ft and within 12 inches of both terminations (NEC 320.30B). For MC the cable must be "secured" every 6 ft and within 12 inches of both terminations (NEC 330.30B). Both have that disqualification for locations "subject to physical damage," so be careful in how you locate it.


Could the protocol be upgraded to allow contract creators (or perhaps anyone) to add views functions after deploying?

Question: I think it would be helpful to be able to add views after deploying a contract. There are many cases where another contract could use storage information that is not originally viewable in the deployed code. Is it feasible or realistic to add this feature?
Answer: There is a possibility of a VIEW_EXEC on all contract in a futur protocol upgrade.
It's not exactly your request: it's not about adding any view, but it would add a default view to all contracts.
You can find discussion about it on Tezos Agora : https://forum.tezosagora.org/t/on-chain-view-patch/4717/10
And ongoing work on it https://gitlab.com/tezos/tezos/-/merge_requests/6597
Ongoing work doesn't tell if and when it would be land but feel free to join discussions and share your use case
Comment: This is what I wanted. Better than what I asked for. Can't wait! My use case is accessing storage on all kinds of contracts. If I understand correctly, this is basically an oracle for all contract storage on chain! This seems like a huge leap forward for composability
Answer: The protocol can be upgraded to do this but I see two drawbacks:

the protocol does not remember who originated which contract; usually who originates a given contract should not matter and in some cases the applications are even meant to be decentralized so the originator does not want to be granted any special rights,
when a contract is called, its views are fetched from the disk too so a malicious user could increase the gas cost of interacting with a given contract by adding some large views to it.


How to donate to public works projects

Question: How do you get your player to donate money for the public works projects? There is nothing there to collect the money. It's just Lloyd whizzing around in his little square cube.
Answer: Construction:

Each town can feature 30 projects at maximum, and only one project can
  be under construction at any given time. Lloid is in charge of taking
  donations for projects, and will stay onsite of the project 24/7 until
  it is complete. Villagers in the town may donate small amounts each
  day, but the majority of the funding will have to come from a player
  or it will take a long time to complete. Once the project is funded,
  it will be fully constructed the next day at 6 AM. If the Mayor player
  chooses to participate, Isabelle will host a completion ceremony with
  up to four villagers present to commemorate completed project.

You should just be able to talk directly to him (Like click like you would talk to any other villager) and donate money towards it, up until its completion. It's not some collection bucket, he himself takes the money.
If you didn't actually choose and set a project you still have to do that first. Talk to Isabelle and then walk with her to pick a place to put the project if it requires. Then Lloid will sit at that location until it is completely funded. (Villagers hardly donate money, so it's up to you).
The quoted text is from the wiki.

How to donate to public works projects


Why do Random forest and XGBoost gives different importance weight on the same set of features?

Question: I am using both random forest and xgboost to examine the feature importance. but i noticed that they give different weights for features as shown in both figures below, for example HFmean-Wav had the most important in RF while it has been given less weight in XGBoost and i can understand why?
Answer: First you should understand that these two are similar models not same ( Random forest uses bagging ensemble model while XGBoost uses boosting ensemble model), so it may differ sometimes in results. Now let me tell you why this happens.
When the correlation between the variables are high, XGBoost will pick one feature and may use it while breaking down the tree further(if required) and it will ignore some/all the other remaining correlated features(because we will not be able to learn different aspects of the model by using these correlated feature because it is already highly correlated with the chosen feature).
But in random forest , the tree is not built from specific features, rather there is random selection of features (by using row sampling and column sampling), and then the model in whole learn different correlations of different features. So you can see the procedure of two methods are different so you can expect them to behave little differently.
Hope this helps!
Comment: thank you so much that was really helpful.
Answer: Also, in XGBoost the default measure of feature importance is average gain whereas it's total gain in sklearn.
See, https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/python/python_api.html#module-xgboost.sklearn

importance_type (string, default "gain") – The feature importance type
for the feature_importances_ property: either "gain", "weight",
"cover", "total_gain" or "total_cover".

and https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier.html

The importance of a feature is computed as the (normalized) total
reduction of the criterion brought by that feature.

Specifying importance_type='total_gain' in XGBoost seems to produce more comparable rankings.


Is there an idiom, word or phrase that means one or the other?

Question: Is there an idiom, word or phrase that means one or the other? By that, I mean, you can only choose between one or the other. You have two choices, not three or more. Just one or the other. I think neither-or is used, but I am wondering if there are more expression, word, etc.
Answer: Either/or means one or the other.
Neither/nor means not one and not the other.
The most common adage for "you can only choose one" is probably:

You can't have your cake and eat it too.

(Note that "have" here means possess, whereas usually "to have cake" means to eat cake. You can't eat your cake and still have it. You must choose one.)
Another common but less charming adage says:

You can't have it both ways.


Do Islamic pre-modern scholars think the trinity is polytheism or not?

Question: So my question is, is it right for a sunni to deem of christians who believe in the trinity as polytheists?
what scholars agree with this? is there a consensus?
Answer: Depends on what you mean by 'polytheists'. The Arabic term is Mushrikeen and regarding that Ibn Hazm (384 - 456 هـ) wrote:

واتفقوا على تسمية اليهود والنصارى كفارا. واختلفوا في تسميتهم مشركين
(The scholars) are agreed on calling the Jews and Christians as Kuffar. And they differed on calling them Mushrikeen
— Maraatib al-Ijmaa'

And al-Razi (544 - 606 هـ) wrote:

اختلفوا في أن لفظ المشرك هل يتناول الكفار من أهل الكتاب، فأنكر بعضهم ذلك، والأكثرون من العلماء على أن لفظ المشرك يندرج فيه الكفار من أهل الكتاب وهو المختار
There is difference on whether the word Mushrik is used for the disbelievers among the People of the Scripture. Some have denied it and most of the scholars are of the view that the word Mushrik includes the disbelievers from the People of the Scripture and this is the preferred view.
— Tafseer al-Razi

Al-Kasani (587 هـ) wrote:

لأن أهل الكتاب، وإن كانوا مشركين على الحقيقة لكن هذا الاسم في متعارف الناس يطلق على المشركين من غير أهل الكتاب
For the People of the Scripture, even though they are Mushrikeen in reality, however this name is commonly used among the people to apply to the Mushrikeen other than the People of the Scripture
— Badaa'i' as-Sanaa'i'

And there are many other such examples. Even at the time of the Sahaba, it is reported that Ibn Umar (died in 73 هـ) applied the word Mushrik to the Jews and Christians. And there are ahadith which apply the word to Jews and Christians and there are verses in the Quran where it is possible to interpret that the word has been especially applied to Jews and Christians such as:

وقالوا كونوا هودا أو نصارى تهتدوا قل بل ملة إبراهيم حنيفا وما كان من المشركين
They say, "Be Jews or Christians [so] you will be guided." Say, "Rather, [we follow] the religion of Abraham, inclining toward truth, and he was not of the polytheists."
— Quran 2:135

The evidence for not applying the word Mushrik to the Jews\Christians are verses which mention them separately such as:

إن الذين كفروا من أهل الكتاب والمشركين في نار جهنم خالدين فيها أولئك هم شر البرية
Indeed, they who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists will be in the fire of Hell, abiding eternally therein. Those are the worst of creatures.
— Quran 98:6

The argument is that if أهل الكتاب were included in مشركين then it would be redundant to mention them separately. And that Mushrik is not clearly applied in the Quran to the Jews and Christians even though they commit shirk.
However this argument is not widely accepted. Rather there are counterexamples such as 2:98 where Gabriel and Michael are mentioned separately from the angels, 55:68 where dates and pomegranates are mentioned separately from the fruits, and 33:7 where Muhammad, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus are mentioned separately from the Prophets.

مشركين is used in a variety of meanings in Islamic texts:

It can mean disbelievers in general, in which case Christians are among them.

It can mean those who associate others with Allah. Trinitarian Christians are among them since they believe that Godhead is composed of three distinct persons. This has been called shirk in the Quran in 5:72,  9:31 etc. And Mushrik is simply one who commits shirk.

It can mean idolators exclusively, in this usage the Christians are not among them.
Answer: This is something that piqued my curiousity as I had understood that Christianity was monotheistic. So I was startled to learn that in Christianity that Christ, the Holy Spirit were seen as aspects of God. In fact, during the early history of Christianity there were fierce clashes on the exact relationship between the three with eventually the trinitarian formula settled in Christianity.
Christians, from the beginning of Islam were seen as people of the book, and so not polytheists.
Answer: I didn't read much about older scholarly view of People of the Book beliefs, but the wording of their calling is clear from the Qur'an itself.
Notably, the Qur'an is very specific when distinguishing the polytheists from Christians & Jews, in case of the Jews they have agreement [with Muslims] that Trinity is a work of polytheism.
However, Allah doesn't call Christians "Polytheists" even when He remarked their imitation of polytheists in Qur'an [9:30], the Trinity is indeed polytheism, it was in existence in ancient pagan religions before Christianity.
But the reason behind calling Christians "People of the Book" instead of "Polytheists" is explained:

29:46 ۞ وَلَا تُجَـٰدِلُوٓا۟ أَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِى هِىَ
أَحْسَنُ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ ۖ وَقُولُوٓا۟ ءَامَنَّا
بِٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَأُنزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِلَـٰهُنَا
وَإِلَـٰهُكُمْ وَٰحِدٌ وَنَحْنُ لَهُۥ مُسْلِمُونَ
And do not argue with the People of the Scripture except in a way that is best, except for those who commit injustice among them, and
say, "We believe in that which has been revealed to us and revealed to
you. And our God and your God is one; and we are Muslims [in
submission] to Him."

So the moral:

Don't call a Christian polytheist, since he/she can get the impression that Muslims are worshiping a different god.
Don't attack a Christian by the Bible corruption, biblical scholars are aware of this fact, but testify you believe in what's true in their books.
Don't argue a Christian without knowing their beliefs, clashing in debates with them will have bad consequences if not executed properly.


Trying to trigger Enter programmatically in Mendix with a JavaScript Snippet Widget

Question: I have a DataGrid with a search function and I want the Website to automatically refresh the grid with every key pressed in the search bar, just like modern search engines do. Imagine it like Pressing enter after every key pressed, or clicking on the search button. The only way in Mendix to do it is with external Widgets (cant use them cause most of them Arent able to search for related entities in the database) or to use JavaScript Snippets which I did.
I have already tried to programmatically press enter, but I cannot get the Code to do it.
Another Option I tried was to programmatically click the search bar after every key pressed which in itself works but the Problem here was that the selection jumps out of the Input field and onto the search button and there is also no Input in the search field.
Option 1: Programmatically clicking the search button
defining the Elements on the page
var dataGrid = document.querySelector('.mx-datagrid.mx-name-grid1');
var itemsSelect = dataGrid.querySelector('.mx-grid-search-input.mx-name-searchField1')
var searchButton = dataGrid.querySelector('.mx-grid-search-controls > button.mx-grid-search-button')

defining the function
function clickSearchButton() {
searchButton.click();
};

triggering the function with every Change in the input
itemsSelect.onkeypress = function(){clickSearchButton};

Option 2: Programmatically hit Enter
It's Pretty much the same Code as above and the way I would prefer it.
I tried many variants but the only Thing I want in the end should look like this:
itemsSelect.onkeypress = function(){*call a function to programmatically press enter*};

I tried Solutions from all over the place for example:
Is it possible to simulate key press events programmatically?
I want to press enter key by programmatically when user do some stuff in js
and many other Sources, some claiming that it is not possible because of security reasons. Is that true?
I'm trying to solve this since around two weeks, with Pretty much no success. Have I overlooked anything, is there another solution that I did not think of? Not using Mendix is not an Option. It's for a huge Project at work.
Answer: First, figure out the class and the id of the textfield and the button you are interested in. Usually those start with mx-name- prefix. In this example they are called mx-name-confirmPasswordInput and mx-name-confirmChangePassword.
Then, use the HTML Snippet custom widget to insert this piece of Javascript in your page:

(function() {
    document.addEventListener("keydown", function(e) {
        if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; // ignore if the pressed key is not 'Enter' key.
        var inputField = document.querySelector(".mx-name-confirmPasswordInput input");
        var btn = document.querySelector(".mx-name-confirmChangePassword");
        if (inputField && btn && document.activeElement === inputField) {
            inputField.blur && inputField.blur(); // not necessary any more in 7.22 and up
            btn.click();
        }
    });
})();

That should do the trick!


Is there attraction between positively charged glass rod and negatively charged silk cloth

Question: I read the topic on electrostatics but i don't know the answer of above question. Similarly there is another question that Is there attraction between positively charged fur  and negatively charged ebonite rod.
Comment: There is an attraction between any two objects of opposite charge. The material is irrelevant.
Answer: There is attraction between any two objects carrying opposite charge. The material carrying the charge is irrelevant. (As Chis points out)
Certain material get charged when rubbed with one another, this is known as charging by friction. The material with greater electron affinity picks up electrons from the other, acquiring a negative charge and leaving a positive charge. For example,  glass rod when rubbed against a silk cloth acquires a positive charge while the silk becomes negatively charged. Once the charges are distributed, we have attraction in accordance with Coulomb's law.


San Jose Airport Parking with Kids

Question: Flying out of San Jose International (SJC) for a few days with two very young kids. What is the most convenient airport parking lot when coming with toddlers? Ideally we could walk to the terminal without need of a shuttle. Thanks!
Answer: SJC airport has details of their parking lots on their website.  Which of the lots will be the best option depends on which airline you are flying, and how much you are willing to pay.
There are two terminals at SJC, and whilst they are connected airside (ie, after security) they are not connected landside.  Presuming you are checking bags you will need to go through check-in/security in the terminal you are departing from.
Parking Lots 2 and 3 are multi-level structures direction opposite Terminals A and B respectively, and getting from the car park to the terminal involves walking across and elevated walkway (Lot 2 to Terminal A) or across a pedestrian crossing (Lot 3 to Terminal B). These will always be the most convenient parking, but they are also the most expensive as a result - especially for Lot 3/Terminal B where the available space is smaller.
Parking Lot 5 is beside Terminal B, and Parking Lot 4 is across the road from lot 5.  Both of these are walking distance to terminal B, however depending on where in those lots you park the walk to Terminal B could be as much as 500+ yards.
Economy Lot 1 is not walking distance to either terminal, however has a regular free shuttle bus which picks up in multiple locations in the lot and then drops off in front of both terminals.
There are also a number of off-site parking locations which are cheaper than those on the airport property, but all will require a shuttle trip.
Answer: https://www.flysanjose.com/parking gives you the SJC parking map:
Comment: Can you, based on this map or your own experience add a suggetion to which parking lot to user? A map is for many people not enough of an answer.
Comment: @FranckDernoncourt, you could ask for that terminal information and edit your answer when you get it.
Comment: thanks! is there a way to reserve the lots that are close to the terminals? the link only allows to reserve the economy lot which seems further away.
Comment: @traveler_t sorry I don't know
Comment: @Willeke depends on their departing terminal
Comment: @Willekev true but I find the map rather crystal clear.

San Jose Airport Parking with Kids


SharePoint 2016 - NewForm.aspx- serialization error- The length of the string exceeds the value set on the maxJsonLength property

Question: We have a very large list with more than 10,000 items. We can display the list. We can edit an exiting item from the list. But when we create a new item we get an error. as below:
Application error when access .../NewForm.aspx, Error=Error during serialization or deserialization using the JSON JavaScriptSerializer. The length of the string exceeds the value set on the maxJsonLength property.
We did following things suggested on internet.
1. increased maxJsonLength big value very high in web.config. it did not help.
2. In web Application increased List View Threshold to 100,000 from 5000. But it did not help.
I will request if any other suggestion somebody could offer. Thanks.
Answer: As mentioned in above two points increasing maxJsonLength in web.config did not help and increasing Throttling related parameters from Central Adminstration did not help. The thing which fixed the problem suggested by somebody sorry I lost the link that advised to add following line into the NewForm.aspx. "CSRRenderMode... statement"


Is it common for British English speakers to use "us" instead of "me"?

Question: If someone is keeping a secret, in the US one might say "tell me!" However, I was in the UK and I heard a person say "tell us!" although she did not appear to be with anyone. Am I misunderstanding or is this common?
Comment: Something none of the answers has made explicit is that the British (and apparently Australian) use of _us_ for _me_ mostly, and for many speakers solely, used in colloquial imperatives. With the exception of one of Brok's, every example that has been given has been imperative. I might occasionally say "Give us one!" in a very informal context, but I don't think I'd ever say "He gave us it" to mean "me".
Comment: In Australia we say it quite a lot.
*Pass us the lighter can you?
Can you chuck us my sunnies?
Call us when you get the chance!
Tell us!
Come see us.*
Comment: Looking at the upvoted answer, I must say, this question goes same for the language *Hindi* where a person thinks himself or herself no less than the King/Queen!
Answer: Yes, it's quite common. It's non standard British English, akin to the "royal "we"".
I use it sometimes myself, though I don't really know why. A couple of examples for you that I can hear myself saying:

Excuse us

When making my way through a crowd of people. (It's just me, though sometimes the "us" form sounds a bit nicer.)

Do us a favour!

Used in indignation similar to "Oh, please(!)".
Your example is also one where this is a common trait.
This usage is even more common in Newcastle than the rest of the UK, often making its way into lots of everyday phrases.

Give us a call

Just me. Nobody else.
Comment: I'm not certain this is limited to British English. I'm reasonably sure I was familiar with "us" meaning "me" growing up in Australia. [This message seems to support that](http://archives.conlang.info/thau/bhuenzue/dilvhinshoen.html).
Comment: Definitely used in Western Sydney. I grew up saying it. Eg "Give us a hand."
Comment: Fair play. I wasn't looking to say it is just Br. Eng. but I'm not qualified to comment on all the other variants of the English language. I wonder where else in the world they use this "us"?
Comment: My English friend certainly used this a lot more than any American friend has done. I don't think Americans use this in an everyday way like some Britons can. I've also heard it on British TV shows. So I think it is a Brit thing. Of course, if your grew up in Australia, well that usage must have found its way over there.
Answer: "Us" for me is common in the north east (of England) particularly Co Durham Land of Prince Bishops.
It's just an old English way of speaking. Many people say "us" but if they are writing will use the word "me". I was born in Sunderland and I use it some times, depends who I am talking to.
If you listen carefully you may notice

"us" meaning me sounds a bit like "uzzz" and
"us" meaning you and me sounds like "uss".

That's my family and friends anyway or anyhow as we sometimes say too!:).
Comment: Hello and welcome to the site! Thanks for your detailed answer and the local reference! I have taken the liberty to edit your post a tiny bit (just some formatting, really) to make it easier to read. If you don't like it, we can do a roll-back to your version.
Comment: +1 I've heard "us" and "we" used by Britons, so it is interesting to read about regional uses. (I live in the US.)
Answer: Alan Bleasdale's emotive series  "Boys from the black stuff" (1982) follows the unfortunate Jimmy (Yosser) Hughes as his life spirals downwards after he loses his job, working with a tarmac gang in Liverpool, to losing his wife and falling foul of the local authorities. Towards the end of the series Yosser, driven to despair, is seen begging for work with his much used request: "Gi's a job" a phrase meaning "Give us (me) a job." Actor Bernard Hughes' use of the vernacular expression added so much to the atmosphere of the scene, of a man desperately hanging on to his dignity in a hopeless situation.
"Us" meaning me appeared in Northern English dialect, (now almost lost in time)"Tha'll tellus owt" (You will tell me anything) as a riposte to an outlandish statement or excuse, tone of voice adding to the weight of the phrase. Here the 'us' often had a two-fold function interpreted as "you will tell me, and any other person in the room, anything, thus both singular and plural in one labour saving sentence, allying the speaker with others about him.
Answer: These usages vary considerably in different parts of the UK. Somone once heard two Suffolk ladies standing at a bus stop, one of them referring to a woman on the bus who was waving, saying: "Why's her waving at we? - us don't know she."
Comment: Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. Please [edit] to add further details, such as citations or documentation, so that others can confirm that your answer is correct. You can find more information on how to write good answers [in the help center](/help/how-to-answer).


How compatible are Islamic teachings with the "String Theory"?

Question: Many supporters of the String theory argue that there are beings in other Dimensions. Are these arguments compatible with the Teachings of Islam? Are there "higher" dimensional beings in Islam?
Comment: String theory is even at this point still very theoretical. And concerning the other dimensions, or universes, it is said that our universe has *just enough black matter* for planets, stars and galaxies to form and stay stable. So maybe there are other universes; but maybe the other universes are the other 6 samawat (skies) that Allah talks about. We don't know yet. We don't know. It is said in some aya in the quran still that Allah may already have made some creatures before us, or may not, I will have to find it again, iyw.
Comment: But if there is something for sure to say, is that science however theoretical and complicated it gets is never against religion, especially the religion of Allah. We are just learning about the creation of Allah, not something else, so don't worry.
Answer: No. Islam does not teach theories. Islam presents facts.
Islam means submission. Submitting oneself to his/her Creator in obedience and believing that our knowledge is limited and Islam is superior over our intellect.

How compatible are Islamic teachings with the “String Theory”?


Backing up a MySQL database

Question: We have 3 MySQL databases in a production environment on one Windows 2008 server.  How do others schedule backups and how would you restore an individual database.  I see there is a Data Dump project option but don't see how I would schedule it to run nightly.
Answer: Just to elaborate on lg's answer, mysqldump is the best and safest way to do your backups. Create your batch file(s) and run it/them via Task Scheduler.
If you ever get to the point where the backup process causes problems due to record or table locks (depending on the DB engine being used) it's time to set up master/slave replication. This can even be done by running multiple instances of MySQL on the same machine. The backups are then taken from the slave, which allows the master to run uninterrupted.
Answer: Create a .bat file with mysqldump.exe (within bin directory), here you can find the command syntax.
Answer: Databases change faster then they can be copied and doing a file-level backup on a running MySQL database will result in a corrupt backup. you must either stop the database and preform a file-level backup or in most cases, backup the database to file using the program mysqldump.exe.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysqldump.html
Comment: The warning about not copying the files directly should be a comment to Joe in Michigans answer, not an answer to the actual question.
Comment: That first line, with the needless capitals, is absolutely incorrect. Using mysqldump is perfectly safe on a running system and produces reliable backups. If you're going to make such wild statements at least make them in context.
Comment: Sorry, i work with databases daily and i was just trying to explain that you should never backup a running database using file-level tools, it has cause much pain for me and clients who thought that that they could backup the entire system using the average backup program. i apologize it could have been worded better.
Answer: If its your own server in your office, you have many options.
I assume you are using Wamp? If so in the folder of MySql is a folder called Data.  In it are all your databases.  I have used many programs to copy the files from there. You just don't want to do it during a write.
I hope this helps.
Comment: you shouldn't recommend copying the files of a running MySQL, and wamp has nothing to do with the fact that MySQL has (by default anyway) a folder called "data".
Comment: I have copied files for years. Moreover I have restored files and run tests on the restored files regularly. My system works and is reliable in a office setting where there are hours on non uses. 11pm to 5am.
Comment: just because it "works" doesn't mean that it's appropriate. You *will* run into issues eventually.

Backing up a MySQL database