Backup tablet before repair

Question: My son received an asus tablet for his birthday last year and has now told me the screen does not work completely (some areas are dead to the touch). I have told him we will send it for repair but he is worried that when it comes back they will have reset it and he will have lost all his apps, videos, photos, programs etc. Can anyone tell me how I back it up so that when it comes back I can just put all the information back on so that it is exactly as it is now. Please can any answers be as easy to understand as possible
Comment: @DanB probably not – which is why bmdixon pointed that out :) Forgive him for the phrasing, that was the system (auto-comment). // **Paul:** You can find additional details in our [backup tag-wiki](http://android.stackexchange.com/tags/backup/info). Many of our tags have a wiki page associated where you can find first-aid and useful links on their topic. Good luck with backup, repair and restore!
Comment: @Izzy alright then.
Answer: In terms of non app data, just plug it in to a computer, and move it over. Just go to your device in an file manager/explorer, and copy the pictures, DCIM, Download and Music folders to your pc. Then, if needs be, you can copy them back.
App data will be different. Assuming you have a Google account, just sign in to it again when you get it back(if it has been reset), and it will re-download the apps automatically. If they have cloud save (most games do) it will re-download his progress.
Answer: 1.It is possible to take backup of your Full Tablet, But For that you need to root your tablet.
2.Because if your rooted your tablet it is possible to take every app+data with that backup.
3.But make sure your are not void the warranty, Because rooting will void your warranty.

Backup tablet before repair


How large would a laser interferometer have to be to detect the flapping of a mosquito's wings?

Question: I understand the most general principle behind LIGO, but I am no physicist so I have no idea how to calculate the amplitude of gravitational waves, much less the length of the lasers required to measure them. Naturally, the farther away the source of the disturbance, the larger the observatory needed. So what if someone wanted to detect a mosquito on some exoplanet within a thousand light years? How large would this machine have to be? And what other things could we detect with it if it were built?
Comment: A measurement system needs to consider both signal, and noise. In your example, I assume you postulate that the motion of the mosquito as it flaps its wings generates "some gravitational waves". But when there are billions of mosquitoes much closer, the signal will be buried in the noise. There is no system you could build that can detect this, unless you can separately measure and eliminate every other signal (which is "noise" for this experiment). Are you proposing a device in empty space?
Answer: Well it really depends on the background. Obviously a smaller sensor would be more likely to detect the motion, but a larger sensor would be needed to detect a greater variety of signals and weed out the noise.
In practice there are more prosaic reasons like cost and tooling that limit useful lasers to a roughly human scale.


What's the meaning of 'out' when it comes after a verb ?

Question: What's the difference between a verb like read and read out or shout and shout out and so on? How does "out" change the meaning of verbs?
Comment: In *read out*, the word *out* implies reading aloud, so it genuinely adds to the meaning. In *shout out*, some might argue it intensifies the "outwardly-directed" nature of the shouting, but I'm dubious. In [stall out](http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/52531/whats-the-difference-between-stall-and-stall-out) I think it's just a meaningless convention that adds nothing to the meaning.
Comment: You *lay* a book on a table but *lay out* the dinner table.
Answer: Usually when applied to a verb involving speech, out involves the addressing of a group, normally a non-specific group, as in "anyone who will listen."

John spoke out when he saw injustice being done.
Mary shouted out for help.
The bailiff read out the charges against the defendant.

In other words, all who could hear were being addressed in each case.
Don't confuse "read out" with readout, however. As a noun, a readout is simply "a visual record or display of the output from a computer or scientific instrument." [NOAD]
Comment: +1 Sometimes, setting out a great answer the right way with the right examples merits two up votes.
Comment: While I think this is a good generalization (e.g. `geek out` or `act out`), I think there are other special cases.  Like `trim out`, `stall out`, or `place out`.  These seem to signify a removal or a finality, rather than the act signifying a group involvement.
Comment: @MerlynMorgan-Graham: The scope of my answer was limited to verbs involving speech, since those were the examples the OP used. With other kinds of verbs the *out* functions mainly as an intensifier, often implying completeness of action.
Answer: It's part of a Phrasal Verb, so it can have several different senses. Which sense is intended -- or understood -- depends on the verb involved, and the idiomatic context of its use. Almost all Phrasal Verbs are idioms, after all.
One sense that is available with out is, simply, 'outside, outwards', as in move out, sing out, cook out. Another is 'to completion', as in burn out, muck out, work out. More details, and more particles, and more phrasal verbs, are explained in the two Phrasal Verb links above.
Answer: The combination of read and out is called a phrasal verb. For read out, you can deduce what this phrasal verb means by knowing what read and out mean, as the other answers say. However, not all phrasal verbs are so easy.
For example, speak and talk are nearly synonyms, but to speak out means "to talk freely and fearlessly," while to talk something out means to "discuss something exhaustively" or to "resolve or settle something by discussion." (All definitions taken from the Free Dictionary.) And this isn't the same as talking somebody out of something.
To call something out or call out something is to say it very loudly, but to "call out the guard" ("the troops", "the Marines", etc.) means to "summon them", and to call somebody out is to "challenge them" (originally to a duel, but now used more generally).
You basically have to learn the definition of all these phrasal verbs, at least the ones where the meaning isn't clear from the meanings of the two components. You should think of the meaning of the original verb and the preposition/adverb as more of a guide or a mnemonic than as a way of deducing the meaning.
Comment: While I think *phrasal verbs* are a good assessment here, I think there are also patterns to those phrases.  I don't think the currently accepted answer contains the only pattern, though it identifies one of them.
Answer: At times calling the use of out with a verb a phrasal verb is justifying poor English. I am not questioning the legitimate phrasal verbs given as examples above: call out, burn out, muck out, work out. We test a mattress, not test out a mattress. You can switch your style. You can switch it up. Switch up your style? Switch does not need a modifier in that case. Test and so many other words, do not need a modifier. A modifier is to alter or add something.
Superfluous words do not make us seem smarter. There has been an increase in the use of up, and out, since everyone, and anyone, began publishing online without any peer review.
Answer: I'm not sure about your example of testing and testing out. They mean different things to me. I don't think we do tend to test a mattress - that's usually the manufacturers job? Or perhaps it's something I might do when I'm in a mattress shop (personally I'd say 'try'). I test a mattress out at home (ie go for a sleep, or whatever else people do on mattresses). It's the same with shoes, I try them on in a shop and then test them out on a walk/run/game.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/test-sth-out
As for 'up' - the use of 'up' adds meaning, adds precision, often showing a completion. There's a difference telling my son to 'eat' and to 'eat up.' To switch up styles is a complete change, a transformation.
Comment: Hello, Kip. The convention on ELU is to reserve 'answer' slots for answers to the question; comments on answers (or the question) should be made using 'comment' slots. And yes, we've all had to cross the 50-rep hurdle. 'Completive up' is not part of the question, and has been covered here before, in depth. // I do agree that the overlap region of the verbs 'test' and 'test out' (when they are being used idiomatically) is not all that large. And the buyer / would-be buyer tests out (/tries out) a bed, camera etc whereas the manufacturer tests it. Robusto's answer covered speech verbs; perhaps
Comment: ... you could develop your answer to address 'try / try out', 'test / test out', with supporting references?


Best way to create an application-icon in visual studio c++

Question: In Visual studio I can draw 13 different application-icons in different resolutions and color depths.  But do I have to do this, or is there a way to automatically produce all low-res icons from one single hi-res icon?
Comment: Thanks for all your answers. I have now downloaded icoFx and it could produce all low-res icons from a hi-res image!
Answer: Some icon editors can do it for you, but you get a much better result if you do it by hand with some tender love and care (The real small icons will probably look better if you leave out the finer details of the larger images and instead focus on the basic shapes so it does not end up like a mess)
VS does not really support all formats (PNG compression etc). I would use a "real" icon editor. IcoFX and Greenfish Icon Editor are both free.
Answer: The easiest way is to use a program such as IcoFX or GenIconXP to do it for you from a higher resolution image.  If you're using VS2008 there's also IconWorkshopLite
Answer: take a look at this tools or similar http://www.axialis.com/
Answer: This one IcoFx I found is very good, and free.
Answer: For the best results you should draw your icons by hand at each of the different sizes so that they look great at each size. You can probably draw at 32-bit colour and down-sample to lower colour depths, Windows XP and above will only use the 32-bit version anyway for application icons.
There is some official guidance from MS here:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa511280.aspx
If you can, it is well worth paying for a professional to draw your icons, it can make a dramatic difference to how good your application "feels". For a single icon the cost should not be too prohibitive (we typically pay $100-$200 per icon).


Studies of how people learn to solve puzzles

Question: I would like to build a cognitive model that is able to learn how to solve a complex puzzle such as the tower of Hanoi based off of limited feed-back (set of valid moves, closer to goal, farther from goal). I have found some references for learning the Tower of Hanoi and the performance of schizophrenics, but I was wondering if there was a particular name for the type of learning I'm looking for (advanced reinforcement learning?) and if there are further studies on how people learn these types of puzzles.
Answer: I'm not sure if this is what you are looking for, but the big umbrella term in the literature for puzzles like the Tower of Hanoi is problem solving.
A Google Scholar search for "tower of hanoi" and "problem solving" generates ~5000 hits. Another related puzzle is the Tower of London, and that Scholar search generates an additional ~5000.
Comment: I'll add more details later today, but I'm kind of looking for a term and studies that focus on going from exploratory searching of a problem, to combining chains of moves or strategies (chunking? procedural learning? hierarchical reinforcement learning? instruction based learning?) when one becomes efficient at the problem


Fast Fourier Transform algoritm - simple explanation(step by step)

Question: I can't find step by step explanation of the FFT algorithm. Why it is faster than common DFT?
As I understand, we calculate DFT for $X$, and for $Y$, then merge them and got the final DFT.
Comment: "we calculate DFT for X, and for Y, then merge them and got the final DFT": no, you are confusing the 2D DFT and the FFT.
Answer:
I can't find step by step explanation of the FFT algorithm

The explanation and pseudocode for the Cooley-Tukey Algorithm on Wikipedia helped me implement my own. Though keep in mind that Cooley-Tukey is not the only FFT algorithm, there are also alogorithms that can deal with prime sizes, for example.

Why it is faster than common DFT?

I think you are mixing concepts here. DFT is the transform, FFT is a class of algorithms that can calculate it with fewer operations than by naively carrying out all the multiplications and sums.
Answer: I think a full explanation here will be very long..
You can take a look at "Introduction to Algorithms,
By Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest and Clifford Stein".
That book is the holy bible for algorithms.. I guess you can get a pdf free (and illegal?) from the web. I got the third edition, take a look from page 906 and on, you will find very nice explanations! If you still have issues you are welcome here
Answer: The DFT can be seen as a matrix/vector product, where the matrix elements are certain roots of unity and the vector is made of the input values. When applied "by brute force", it takes $T(n)=\Theta(n^2)$ operations.
The FFT is a more efficient method, based on an observation: if you split the input in two halves and take the respective FFTs, you can obtain the global FFT by combining the coefficients in pairs, and this step takes $\Theta(n)$ operations. This leads to the recurrence
$$T(2n)=2T(n)+\Theta(n)$$ that has the solution $T(n)=\Theta(n\log n)$. For large $n$, this is a significant saving.


Difference between たくさん and いっぱい?

Question: I understand that both translate as meaning 'a large quantity' of something, but is there any practical difference between たくさん and いっぱい, and circumstances where you would or wouldn't use one over the other? Or is it similar to the difference between 'lots' and 'many' in English?
Answer: たくさん and いっぱい can mean "many" "a lot", and they can be used interchangeably in some cases (especially when used adverbially), e.g.:

たくさん勉強しました。
  いっぱい勉強しました。
  I studied a lot.
私の家には本がたくさんあります。
  私の家には本がいっぱいあります。
  There're a lot of books in my house.

When used in this sense, いっぱい sounds more colloquial than たくさん.
And, 「たくさんの + noun」(a lot of~~) sounds okay to me, e.g. 「たくさんの木/木々」 "a lot of trees" / 「たくさんの雪が降った。」 "We had a lot of snow.", but 「いっぱいの + noun」 sounds a bit unnatural, e.g. ?「いっぱいの木/木々」 / ?「いっぱいの雪が降った。」. 「木がいっぱい…」「いっぱい木が…」「いっぱい雪が降った。」「雪がいっぱい降った。」 sound more natural. (You'd use 「いっぱいの~」 like 「人でいっぱいの部屋」 "a room full of people")
たくさん and いっぱい have other meanings, and cannot be used interchangeably in some cases, e.g.:

お腹がいっぱいです。(×お腹がたくさんです)
  I am full.
風呂の水がいっぱいになった。(×風呂の水がたくさんになった)
  The bathtub is filled with water.
店内は人でいっぱいです。(×店内は人でたくさんです)
  The store is full of people.
千円もあればたくさんです。(≂じゅうぶんです)(×千円もあればいっぱいです)
  1,000 yen will do/suffice.
君のバカ話はもうたくさんだ!(×もういっぱいだ)
  I've had enough of / I'm fed up with your silly chatter.
Answer: Both "たくさん/ 沢山" and "いっぱい/ 一杯" mean "a lot (plenty) of" and "many," and used commonly. But to me, "いっぱい/一杯" sounds more colloqual and familiar with than "たくさん/沢山," though the latter isn't a big word at all.
For instance, I say "京都は見所が一杯ある  "現場は報道記者がいっぱいいた" in conversation. But I would write "京都は見どころが沢山ある,""現場は報道記者が沢山詰めかけていた" to describe the same thing  - "There are lot of places worth visiting in Kyoto" and "There were a lot of reporters on the site (of crime)" in writing.
"いっぱい" also means "to the full," or "to the limit" like "精一杯頑張ります - I'll make my best (full effort)," "落ち葉が道路一杯に散乱している - The dead leaves spread all over the pavement."

Difference between たくさん and いっぱい?


Which force should I break into components?

Question: One really common problem in almost all physics textbooks is that of the wedge. So let us say that a block is resting on a wedge that is inclined at angle x from the horizontal. The block has mass mg. Let us now try to find the normal force. The typical solution is find out the component of gravity in the normal force direction by using the expression cos(x)*Mg. Here the normal force is smaller than the force of gravity. But what if I equated gravity to be equal to the component of the normal force in the upright y axis (in the direction of gravity. ) Now the normal force is greater than the force of gravity. Why is the first approach correct while the second is wrong? Can someone please explain why some vectors are not broken down into components?
Comment: The word "normal" means perpendicular here. Indeed, the normal force *must* be perpendicular to the wedge surface; otherwise the normal force on its own would accelerate the block.
Comment: Not sure I understand. It's basic math that any vector can be decomposed into as many components as the space has dimensions. "Breaking" down vectors into components, a.k.a. projecting them, is a routine operation that mostly depends on the basis you chose to work in.
Comment: A normal force must always be perpendicular to a surface. If you equate a "normal force" with gravity in your scenario, then you are not really dealing with the true normal force.
Answer: You are welcome to resolve the normal force into horizontal and vertical components if you'd like.  If you do so, this would be the result:

Newton's 2nd law then takes the form
$$\sum F_x = m a_x \implies -N\sin(\theta) = ma_x$$
$$\sum F_y = m a_y \implies N\cos(\theta) - mg = ma_y$$
The problem with this approach is that neither $a_x$ nor $a_y$ is going to be zero.  In the standard approach to the problem, we resolve the vectors into components parallel to and normal to the face of the incline. We then require that the acceleration normal to the incline is equal to zero - otherwise the block would be accelerating into or away from the incline.  Therefore, our equations become
$$\sum F_\parallel = ma_\parallel \implies -mg\sin(\theta) = ma_\parallel$$
$$\sum F_\perp = ma_\perp\color{red}{\overset{!}{=}}0 \implies N-mg\cos(\theta) = 0 \implies N = mg\cos(\theta)$$
The key thing to understand is that if we're working with vectors resolved in the $\parallel$ and $\perp$ directions to the face of the incline, the constraint that the block move along the surface takes an extremely simple form - namely, that $a_\perp = 0$.

The same is not true in your proposed approach.  If we work with $x$ and $y$ components instead of $\parallel$ and $\perp$ components, then the constraint that the block must move along the surface takes the form
$$a_y\cos(\theta)-a_x\sin(\theta)=0$$
Going back to our equations, we find
$$a_x = -\frac{N\sin(\theta)}{m} \qquad a_y = \frac{N\cos(\theta)}{m} - g$$
$$\implies \frac{N}{m}\sin^2(\theta) + \frac{N}{m}\cos^2(\theta) - g\cos(\theta) = 0$$
$$\implies \frac{N}{m} - g\cos(\theta) = 0 \implies N = mg\cos(\theta)$$
So we see that we recover the correct expression for $N$ in this way as well.  However, we had to do much more work! This is a good example of the importance of choosing coordinates which simplify your problem as much as possible.
Comment: @Eisenstein Thanks for the catch - I corrected the relevant typos and regenerated the figure.
Comment: I think you might have resolved the components of your vector wrongly in the picture.
Answer: The second approach is wrong. The normal force is normal to the surface on which the block rests. Since there is no acceleration in direction normal to the wedge surface:
$$\sum F_{normal} = N-mg\cos{x} = 0$$
Hence
$$N = mg \cos{x}$$
The normal force balances the component of gravity perpendicular to the wedge surface and hence we don't see the block sinking into the wedge. The component of gravity parallel to the wedge surface will slide, or tend to slide the block down the wedge.
All of this boils down to selecting a suitable set of axis such that the analysis is simplified.
Answer:
But what if I equated gravity to be equal to the component of the
normal force in the upright y axis (in the direction of gravity. )

The origin of the gravitational force is not the component of the normal force on the y-axis. It's (classically) the attraction between the object on the wedge and the earth.
The origin of the normal force is the reaction to the component of the gravitation force acting perpendicular to the surface of the wedge, per Newton's 3r law.
You can think about this in terms of action-reaction force pairs. The component of the gravitational force acting perpendicular to the wedge being the "action" force and the equal and opposite normal force being the "reaction" force, per Newton's third law. (Although there is no need to distinguish between an "action" and "reaction" force with respect to Newton's 3rd law)
Hope this helps.


Fitting data using the roots of two coupled transcendental equations

Question: I am trying to use FindRoot to solve two simultaneous transcendental equations for a variety of temperatures and then use the resulting curves to fit a data set. The actual formulas I am using are somewhat complicated, so I worked up a simpler example but am still having trouble getting even that to work.
I generated a set of noisy test data:
 tdata = Table[{x,
    FindRoot[{a == 2 + x + 1, b == 3*1^2}, {a, 1}, {b, 1}][[1, 2]] +
     RandomReal[{-0.1, 0.1}]}, {x, 0, 10, 0.5}];

And am trying to simply get FindFit to reproduce the data:
    FindFit[tdata,
 FindRoot[{a == 2 + x + q, b == 3 q^2}, {{a, 1}, {b, 1}}][[1,
  2]], {{q, 1}}, x]

Here, I replaced the "1" in tdata with a parameter "q" and I'm trying to extract that with FindFit. x is the independent variable. The other code I am writing does essentially the same thing, but there are more constants in the equation.
When I run it, I get the following error:
FindRoot::nlnum: The function value {-1.-1. q-1. x,1.-3. q^2} is not \
a list of numbers with dimensions {2} at {a,b} = {1.,1.}.
FindFit::nrlnum: The function value \
{-2.93229+(b==3.),-3.49817+(b==3.),-3.9952+(b==3.),-4.42837+(b==3.),<<\
3>>,-6.4968+(b==3.),-7.08838+(b==3.),-7.4854+(b==3.),<<11>>} is not a \
list of real numbers with dimensions {21} at {q} = {1.}.

What's interesting is that I CAN get this to work with only one transcendental equation. (Well, it also throws a similar error message but actually returns a number that is off from the correct value by about 0.01):
FindFit[tdata, FindRoot[a == 2 + x + q, {a, 1}][[1, 2]], {{q, 1}},
  x]

I would be grateful for any help anyone can give me.
Answer: FindFit does only work with numeric arguments of the fitted function.
tdata=Table[{x,FindRoot[{a==2+x+1,b==3*1^2},{a,1},{b,1}][[1,2]]+RandomReal[{-0.5,0.5}]},{x,0,10,0.5}];
f[q_?NumericQ,x_?NumericQ]:=FindRoot[{a==2+x+q,b==3 q^2},{{a,1},{b,1}}][[1,2]]
nlmf=NonlinearModelFit[tdata,f[q,x],{{q,1}},x];
nlmf["ParameterTable"]
Show[ListPlot@tdata,Plot[nlmf[x],{x,0,10},PlotStyle->Red]]

Comment: Ah, excellent. Thanks!


TOP command memory usage

Question: Under SuSE, (Mem:  31908592k total, 31421504k used,) how do i know which process or program using my memory?
Answer: The standard (command-line) program for checking cpu/memory usage for processes is top there is also a slightly more feature-full htop however on a lot of systems its bound to top anyway (same way bash is almost always bound to sh on most modern linux systems). There are also various GUI wrappers for top/htop available
After opening top, clicking M will sort by memory usage.
EDIT - 4-12
For clarity I decided to expand on the sorting. Here is a typical top window when run from the terminal shell, this is already sorted by %MEM

The column that interests you most is %MEM which will give you the share of total available memory used by that process. VIRT gives the virtual memory footprint of the process, of which only RES amount is currently in physical memory (the rest is swapped out, and not currently shown on the table)
In order to sort by a column you hit F (shift-F) and the screen will change to the following

as you can see, hitting n will select sort by memory percentage (hit enter to return back to the table view). (There is a legacy shortcut Shift-m that will toggle sort by memory when hit on the table view) You can use < and > in the table view (shift - , and shift-.) to cycle the column that is sorted.
At the table view, hitting lowercase m will toggle the memory summary view.
Note: I played around with sorting columns so the columns are shuffled from the first image.
Like a lot of unix/linux command line utilities there are many little tricks and things and hidden features - top is a very powerful tool. For instance, you can show multiple tables at the same time (say the top 5 instead of top 20 but for 4-5 different parameters)- how? I don't know, but I accidentally got to that when taking the screenshots. A full chapter of a good book on *nix can be devoted to top, so the summary above is just a small primer to get what you need to know about your processes.
Comment: Crasic, thank you for your answer, i know top command will show you:(Mem:  31908592k total, 31153712k used,   754880k free,) but whant i need to know is were all this memory is used.
Comment: Look in the "%MEM" column of top.
Comment: @AlBouazizi Top will by default sort processes (the list below the banner bar) by CPU hitting `M` (i.e. Shift-m) will resort the list by memory usage.
Comment: thank you for your detailed answers, i learn new things.. but still don't know the 31GB of used by which program/process.. Thank you again
Comment: @AlBouazizi what is the program that is at the top of the page when you sort by memory usage?
Comment: I'll add to crasic's response that if you run top, then press `z` key then `x` key top will highlight the sorted column (descending order). Then, you can then use `<` and `>` to change the sorted column (to switch between %cpu and %mem for example). hth
Answer: This will ouput pmem & rss longs of processes, worth to try.
ps -eo pid,pmem,rss,comm --sort rss

Comment: Risyasin, i tried your command but did not help with what i'm looking. i have 31GB of used memory. I need to know who used this memory. Thank you any how.
Answer: you can use the following command:
ps ww -eo pid,pcpu,pmem,rss,cmd --sort rss

The field "rss" indicates the memory usage
--sort rss - meaning sort by memory usage desc

TOP command memory usage


Instantly transfer a picture taken to PC

Question: I know the Dropbox app allows for synching photos taken between all computers/devices that are connected to your current user account. But I want to know if there's a way I can take a picture, have it delivered to my PC (Dropbox account) and then instantly deleted from my device (kinda like a cut/paste action).
Answer: You can do this using the FolderSync app (it is a paid app).
The app allows you to setup local folder(s) on your device which can be synced to various cloud services, a shared folder, or even FTP (see below for a full list). When setting up a "folder pair" you can choose to "delete source files after sync".
There is also a lite version available if you want to test it out first.
Full list of supported cloud services/protocols:
<code>Cloud providers
- Amazon S3 Simple Storage Service
- Box
- CloudMe (using WebDAV)
- Copy.com
- Cubby (using WebDAV)
- Digitalbucket.net (using WebDAV)
- Dropbox
- Dump Truck (using WebDAV)
- GoDaddy (using WebDAV)
- Google Docs
- Google Drive
- HiDrive (using WebDAV)
- Livedrive (using WebDAV)
- MyDrive.ch (using WebDAV)
- NetDocuments (using WebDAV)
- Skydrive
- SugarSync
- Ubuntu One
- WEB.DE (using WebDAV)
- Yandex Disk (using WebDAV)

Supported protocols
- FTP
- FTPS (SSL/TLS implicit)
- FTPES (SSL/TLS explicit)
- SFTP (SSH File Transfer)
- Samba/CIFS/Windows Share
- WebDAV (HTTP/HTTPS)
</code>
Answer: I use a program called Silent Sifter on our Mac desktop. I think it was like $9 or something but it was very worth it.  Upon initial set up, it got rid of all my duplicates and filed all my existing scattered photos by year and month within that.
What I love about it is that you tell it what folders you want to "input" (Dropbox folder, whatever...) and then where you want it to "output" (I created a folder simply called "Photos - Master").  Then you can tell it how you would like the files to be named and organized (subfolders).  You can then set it to automatically scan and sift as any changes are made.
What this means for me is that anytime I take a photo on my Note 3, it is automatically synced to Dropbox (because I set it up that way in Dropbox).  Then Silent Sifter kicks in on my computer after seeing a change has been made within the Dropbox folder.  It will look at the EXIF data on the photo and I have it set to sort by Year > Month (because I do Project Life style scrapbooking).  You can go as far as sorting by Year > Month > Day > Moment.  I NEVER have to touch a cord again!  So glad I found this program! Especially because Macs are IGNORANT with Android phones...don't even recognize them being connected without additional software - such a P.I.T.A.
I'm sure it can do more than I have even figured out with it yet - I'm not super tech savvy but I try!
Comment: Two questions: 1) maybe you've got a link on where to find that program? 2) does it meet the OPs requirement of "moving" the pic (not just copying it, but also removing it from the device)?


Cisco 1602: rewriting startup-config from terminal

Question: How do I rewrite startup-config on a Cisco 1602 router without affecting the running-config?  Outgoing connections from the router (scp, http) are not allowed.  I'm not connected to the serial port, that excludes xmodem and ymodem.  Ideally, I want to cut and paste a file from my local system in a way similar to "config terminal".  But it's OK to create a temporary file on the router.
Comment: Could you elaborate about why outbound connections are not allowed?   That makes this a nontrivial problem to solve
Comment: I'm not a Cisco guru but this article details how to copy a config file to the startup-config. 1. download a copy of the startup-config or running-config to your computer. 2. Edit the downloaded config file. 3. copy it to the startup-config. - http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/fundamentals/configuration/guide/cf_config-files_ps6350_TSD_Products_Configuration_Guide_Chapter.html#wp1128123
Comment: The goal is to simplify the instructions for technicians.  They are taught to cut-and-paste to "config terminal".  But they have to erase the configuration first, and that means they cannot do the upgrade remotely, as the default config won't connect.  It would take time to teach them to upload the config for to some server.  They would need to ensure that the server is accessible from their machine and the router.  They are on Windows machines with putty, I can tell them to use xmodem, but Cisco only uses it over serial lines.
Answer: Here's my solution that worked perfectly on a Cisco 800-series router. Without resorting to silly blue serial cables or external TFTP servers.
The secret sauce here is the built-in tcl scripting language in Cisco IOS. This allows you to stuff all the commands in one go and configure the interfaces as you please. The reload in 10 is just a safety net.
enable

reload in 10

tclsh

ios_config "int vlan1" "ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0" "int fa4" "ip address 192.168.20.72 255.255.255.0" "end"

This will indeed cut off your live connection to the router, but the new interface changes are all in effect and there's no need to reboot the router even. I simply walked over to the router, swapped the ethernet cable from the LAN port to the WAN port and voila, this time I was able to connect to the Cisco over the WAN port.
After confirming that everything was looking good, I did a final
wr mem

..and the new configuration is permanently stored as the new startup-config.
Original answer here:
cisco config delayed apply?


Jquery Mobile App not displaying certain images on Android

Question: I have a full Jquery Mobile app the currently builds and looks fine in multiple browsers. I am currently working on getting the version ported using phonegap for android. As it loads up on the phone, it has several images that are loaded depending on localStorage (I originally used cookies but found some android devices aren't too friendly with that). Now, almost all of these triggers load images fine, except the last page. A certain set of images won't load, and I get the error (when running in an emulator Unknown chromium error: -6. Others on the page use the same process and have no problem, and all the images are referred to locally.
Why would this be happening and what can I do to fix this?
Answer: Turns out in the android browser, under phonegap, file names are case-sensitive. So it wasn't able to load things with capital letters and such.
Comment: Assume that file names are case sensitive on the actual devices. This is true of iOS and Android but not of their simulators/emulators that run on your desktop. This bit of confusion has tripped up more than one person.


Voltage divisor with op amp

Question: Why is it not right to use the classic Vo = Vin*R2/(R1+R2) voltage divider formula in the marked area? I want to obtain the voltage, in terms of Vs, in the non inverting input of the op amp. But if I use a normal voltage divider, I'm not getting the expected result.
Comment: What value resistors are you using? What is the value of Vs? What is the result you are expecting vs what is the result you are getting? Using a voltage divider should work fine here. Knowing more information may help
Comment: Barring unreasonably high bias currents or unreasonably low input impedance it is right to use the normal voltage divider formula to get the voltage at the non-inverting input.  If you're not getting the expected result (which is what, where?) then something else is wrong.
Answer: The exact equation would also include the bias current of the non-inverting input of the op-amp, which should be negligible in most cases (by design, you want to keep the resistor values low enough that the bias current is not significant, because the bias current is not known accurately and is not stable with temperature.
However, other than possible erroneous measurements or wiring, wrong parts, or a defective op-amp, there are a couple other possibilities (and with more information, supplied by you, it would not be necessary to guess), but for completeness..

If the divider voltage is outside the supply range then it's possible the input current will be much larger than the stated operational bias current. For example, if the negative rail is 0V, Vs is -10V and 2Rb = 10K then the voltage measured at the non-inverting input will likely be more like -0.7V because the internal protection diodes or isolation diodes will conduct.
If the circuit is such that the op-amp cannot balance, then some op-amps will pass current between inputs if the voltage differential exceeds a diode drop. There are effectively back-to-back (inverse-parallel) diodes across the inputs. There are usually current-limiting resistors in series with the inputs but the current can be quite significant. This is common in op-amps with super-\$\beta\$ bipolar transistor front ends, since breaking down the base-emitter junction of the transistors can degrade the transistors.

OPA202 internal circuit showing the diodes as mentioned above:
Answer: If the final op-amp is saturated then it's normal that the ideal Vp=Vm doesn't hold. Check that the opamps are working in the linear region

Voltage divisor with op amp


Prepositions and Corners

Question: Does one use "on" or "at" in the following:

Kate met him at the corner
Kate met him on the corner.

Or are they the same?
Comment: [Standing on the Corner Watching All the Girls Go By](http://www.metrolyrics.com/standing-on-the-corner-lyrics-dean-martin.html) ///
Standing on the corner //
 Watching all the girls go by //
Standing on the corner //
Giving all the girls the eye ///  This is idiomatic American English, but "[at the corner](http://bulletin.arcadia.edu/2011/11/from-inspiration-to-fruition-schrift-12-writes-and-directs-original-musical/)" is too.
Answer: I personally stand "on" the corner of 12th St and Vine.  I would more commonly use "on". The "store on the corner" sounds better to me than the "store at the corner", but I've heard both.
I use "at" more with "intersection", which can be a corner.  If I were imparting the location of an accident, for example, I might say one car hit the other right at the intersection of Wabash and Central.
I think either is probably correct.  I wouldn't immediately peg a person using one or the other for a native or nonnative speaker or to be from this or that region.
Answer: If you mean the street corner, then you can use on or at; they pretty much mean the same thing.
If you mean the corner of a room, then you can use in or at, depending on the context:

That sectional sofa meets in the corner of the room.
That sectional sofa meets at the corner of the room.

The prepositions at, in, and on are versitile little buggers with many overlapping nuances in certain contexts.

This antique is chipped in/on/at the corner.
The painter signs her name in/at the corner.

In those two cases, I'd most likely use the preposition I've listed first, but I wouldn't label the others I've listed as "incorrect."

Prepositions and Corners


Openswan shows no installation candidate after running apt-get update

Question: I have ubuntu server 16.04 installed, with a working internet connection but running apt-get install openswan still fails, giving E: Package 'openswan' has no installation candidate. Does anyone know what could be going on?
Comment: It simply means what the error message says: the package `openswan` does not exist for Ubuntu 16.04.
Answer: The openswan package is not available for Ubuntu 16.04, but the (very similar) strongswan package is available.
Try running
sudo apt-get install strongswan

to install StrongSwan. There might be some minor differenced between OpenSwan and StrongSwan in configuration files, etc... but they should be minor.
You can view  details about the strongswan package for Ubuntu 16.04 here: http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/strongswan and details about StrongSwan in general at http://strongswan.org
Answer: Run:
sudo apt-get update

Then search for your package in cache file
sudo apt-cache search term

Instead of "term" put a part of or exact package's name,
if it finds your Package run:
sudo apt-get install <packagename>

If you don't answer with this method You should add a new repository that has this Package or download  openswan.deb and then install it from downloaded path
Comment: it returns
`ike - Shrew Soft VPN client - Daemon and libraries
kvpnc - frontend to VPN clients`
what should it show


Compare usage of multiple domains for a single website (Apache)

Question: What would be the most efficient way to compare the usage of multiple domains that are all bound to the same Apache vHost? What I want to know is which domains are used often to access the website and which are obsolete. I guess this would best be done through Apache log analysis? Which tool would be able to do that? Or would Google Analytics or Piwik be a solution (I tried Analytics but could not find any domain-usage statistics)?
Answer: As long as you've got apache to log hostname along with the URL in the access log, just cutting out the hostname part and piping through sort | uniq -c | sort -n will give you a nice list of how many requests have been made for each domain.


If you can multiple linearly independent eigenvectors for the same eigenvalue, why do we solve for just one?

Question: The way I have been taught to solve for eigenvalues and eigenvectors in linear algebra is thus: compute the eigenvalues using the determinant of A-\I. Then use that to compute the eigenvectors for each eigenvalue using (A-\I)x = 0. The way I understood it, each eigenvector served as a basis for the space that contained all eigenvectors of that eigenvalue. However, I just learned from the interwebs that an eigenvalue can have more than one linearly independent eigenvector. So, what's the point of calculating just one of these for each eigenvalue, if there are theoretically infinitely many linearly independent eigenvectors for each eigenvalue? Why do we choose just one?
Answer: If you were taught that, then you were taught wrong. If $A$ is a $n\times n$ matrix then, for each eigenvalue $\lambda$ of $A$, the dimension of the space$$E_\lambda=\{v\in\mathbb{R}^n\,|\,A.v=\lambda v\}$$can go from $1$ to $n$. And, of course, if it's greater than $1$, a single vector $v\in E_\lambda$ will not be a basis of it. If the dimension is $k$, every basis will have $k$ linearly independent eigenvectors (but, unlike what you wrote, never infinitely many).
Answer: In the low-dimensional case, you start by finding the roots of the characteristic polynomial.  For each root $\lambda$, writing $A-\lambda I=0$ gives you a matrix form of a linear system, and the solutions to this linear system represent the eigenspace for $\lambda$.  The dimension of the eigenspace is at most the multiplicity of the root $\lambda$, which means in particular it will be finite-dimensional.  And in fact there are only finitely many eigenvalues, which means there are only finitely many linearly independent eigenvectors.
In the high-dimensional (but still finite-dimensional) case, the principles are the same but finding the roots and solving the linear system can be impractical.
In the infinite-dimensional case, the above steps will fail (there is no characteristic polynomial for an infinite-rank operator).  In fact there is no general method for finding eigenvalues or eigenvectors of an infinite-rank operator.  Sometimes there are infinitely many linearly independent eigenvectors, and sometimes there are no eigenvectors at all.


Calculating depth from ESRI ocean basemap

Question: I need to find potential routes for undersea power cables in South East Asia, therefore I need to select all areas where the ocean is less than 4000m deep.
I load the "ocean basemap" from ESRI but it looks like it is only a picture and no attribute table with data about how deep the ocean is at an specific point.
Is there a way to create a attribute table out of a map or do I have the wrong map?
Answer: As Stefan says, you have the wrong data, the basemap is just an image with no elevation data.
A quick and easy way would be to download the 0m and 4000m Bathymetry data sets from Natural Earth, and clip the 0m shapefile with the 4000m shapefile (use Erase tool in ArcGIS or Difference in QGIS).
Or if you need more detailed raster data, there are a few options such as SRTM30_PLUS v8 from eAtlas, or SRTM15+ V2.1 from the OpenTopography website. There may be more detailed bathymetry available in your area of interest depending on coverage and local government policy on open data.
Comment: Does SRTM data include bathymetry ? I was under the impression that it was only land elevation
Comment: Yes you're dead right @J.R, i've updated my answer with some alternative options.
Answer: You have the wrong data. The ESRI Ocean Basemap is designed as basemap. It's also cached, so you only have the image tiles available and therefore it cannot be used for analysis.
You need to get a spatial dataset with x, y & z values in order to perform depth analysis.
Answer: There are basemaps that show elevation above MSL with contours for mountains and the elevation numbers (meters) are part of the basemap which show up when you zoom-in.  For example opentopomap.org has them. Obviously not interactive where you can see elevation where ever you want, but static numbers in many areas on the contours themselves.


How can we bridge our Solochain with other chains within the Polkadot Ecosystem? Should it be a parathread or parachain migration?

Question: How can we bridge our Substrate-based Solochain with other parachains within the Polkadot Ecosystem? Should it be a parathread or parachain migration?
Answer: The short answer is to migrate your Solochain to a Parachain - that was the vision of Polkadot from the very start when the founders realized realized a scaling problem for security when there was an explosion of many new blockchains and thus is designed in-mind for truly decentralized and unstoppable applications.
XCM is Cross Consensus Messages (with XCMP being cross consensus message passing) is essentially bridging capabilities (https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/learn-xcm) but it is much more than bridging - it is generalized to all kinds of cross-chain messaging. You can think of amazing usecases such as triggering a defi loan on a defi parachain using an NFT asset as collateral on another parachain as example (see this demo with code here).
Why XCMP?

XCMP fits the preferred category of trustless bridging (not trusted bridging)
Trusted Bridges (cross-chain networks/ community bridges) are flawed based on the necessity of trust assumptions - either your chain becomes vulnerable to a new set of tokenomics (eg. the tokenomics of that cross-chain-message network) or a completely trusted setup like a multi-sig bridge. These approaches can be vulnerable.
Trustless Bridging: Because all parachains have the same consensus layer of Polkadot (which is the critical) and do not have control over the source of truth (ultimately it is the consensus of Polkadot relay chain through the validators of Polkadot that secures parachains which at time of writing has an economic security in the billions of dollars) - a message passed from one parachain to another is just as valid as the validation of Polkadot. The message can even be committed on the Polkadot relay chain block or simply across the parachains.
What's more? XCMP has defined these standards (much like standard APIs) such that your integrations work in-predefined agreements with major ecosystem parachains ( like Moonbeam and Astar etc.) that can be opened up with HRMP channels https://wiki.polkadot.network/docs/build-hrmp-channels

Lastly, I want to highlight that a Parathread is simply a Pay-as-you-go Parachain.
In other words it is still a parachain. From a runtime/code development perspective, majority of the node stays the same. The key different is the interval of time you can choose to commit your blocks as proof-of-validity blocks for Polkadot Validators (hence you pay-as-you commit block proofs on Polkadot relay chain) - the full details for parathreads is not out yet as it has not been launched but to my understanding it will likely not affect how you develop runtime pallets significantly.


How to find solution of linear system?

Question: I have to solve a linear system of three equations and 3 unknowns and can't find a way to solve it.
Applying Cramer's rule I obtain $\Delta = 0$, $\Delta_x \neq 0$, $\Delta_y \neq 0$, $\Delta_z \neq 0$ so that may exist a solution.
How to deal with the system in such a situation?
Answer: Just solve it directly by applying Gauss algorithm.
Assume your equation system is of the form
$\begin{bmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\ a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}  = \begin{bmatrix}b_1\\b_2\\b_3\end{bmatrix}$
then you can solve it as follows:
First make sure that $a_{11}\not=0$, otherwise you can change 2 rows / columns s.t. the new matrix has the first entry not equal to $0$.
Then you subtract the first row multiplicated with $-\frac{a_{21}}{a_{11}}$ from the second. This makes, that the resulting system looks something like this
$\begin{bmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\0 & \tilde{a}_{22} & \tilde{a}_{23}\\ a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}  = \begin{bmatrix}b_1\\\tilde{b}_2\\b_3\end{bmatrix}$
NOTE that for example
  $\tilde{a}_{22} = a_{22} - \frac{a_{21}}{a_{11}}$
Now repeat: Add the first row multiplicated with $\frac{-a_{31}}{a_{11}}$ to the third row. This makes your system
$\begin{bmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\0 & \tilde{a}_{22} & \tilde{a}_{23}\\ 0 & \tilde{a}_{32} & \tilde{a}_{33}\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}  = \begin{bmatrix}b_1\\\tilde{b}_2\\\tilde{b}_3\end{bmatrix}$
Note again, that the entries in the third row of the system have changed, so they have a tilde above them now.
Now you need one more step. Make sure, that $\tilde{a}_{22}\not=0$ (if not, change the 2nd and the 3rd row or column in your system to make this the case).
Now subtract the second row (with $\tilde{a}_{22}\not=0$) multiplicated with $\frac{-\tilde{a}_{33}}{\tilde{a}_{22}}$ from the third row. This makes your system look like
$\begin{bmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\ 0 & \tilde{a}_{22} & \tilde{a}_{23}\\ 0 & 0 & \bar{a}_{33}\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}  = \begin{bmatrix}b_1\\ \tilde{b}_2\\\bar{b}_3\end{bmatrix}$
Note, that in the third row again something has changed. The modified elements have a bar above them.
Now you can see that
$ \bar{a}_{33} \cdot z = b_3$, so $z = \frac{\bar{b}_3}{\bar{a}_{33}}$.
Inserting this value for $z$ in the second equation, you get the value of $y$.
Afterwards insert the values of $z$ and $y$ into the first equation, to get a value for $x$.
The vector $\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{bmatrix}$ is then a solution to the system.
REMARK:
If at one point during calculation you get to the equation $0 = 0$, this means that you can chose a variable (e.g. z) as you wish. As you're normally interested in ALL solutions of the system, not just a particular one, you should call it $t$. This parameter $t$ is no variable anymore, so you can bring it to the right side of your system and calculate the values for the remaining variables with respect to this parameter $t$.
If at one point during calculation you get a wrong equation, e.g. $1=0$, you either did some mistake or the system has no solution!
Good luck :-)
Comment: Yes. You can always consult a computing algebra system as matlab or wolfram alpha e.g.
For computation of the reduced form of the matrix check out   (last column should be your right hand side) http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=rref+%7B%7B1%2C2%2C3%7D%2C%7B4%2C5%2C6%7D%2C%7B7%2C8%2C2%7D%7D
or directly for solving a system of linear equations:
http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=solve+%7B%7B1%2C4%7D%2C%7B5%2C7%7D%7D*%7B%7Bx%7D%2C%7By%7D%7D+%3D+%7B%7B1%7D%2C%7B2%7D%7D
Comment: Are there computational routines that do that?
Answer: Here are hints:
This kind of systems may have infinitely many solutions or no solution. Change system into row echelon form. Separate pivot variables and free variables. express pivot variables in terms of free variables.

How to find solution of linear system?


No issue or No issues. Which is correct?

Question: I have a quick doubt. Which is the correct usage of English, 'No issue' or 'No issues'? When we didn't get any issue, it represents null, so, ideally it has to be 'no issue'. Please correct me.
Comment: By saying "it represents null" are you thinking of something in programming?
Comment: I assume OP's ***unspecified*** context is he wants to know what text to put in the "status" column of a customer service report or similar. So "correct grammar" is rather irrelevant, since we're not even talking about whole sentences. But personally I can't think of *any* context where ***No issue*** would look good.
Comment: I can think of a form with a field that said something like "Issue discovered", in which case "no issue" might be a good entry if you didn't find anything.
Comment: No, you have a *quick question* about something you are unsure of.
Answer: It depends what the situation is

P1: Were there any problems?  ( general question )
  P2: There were no issues or concerns.
P1: Was there a problem finding the restaurant?  ( specific question )
  P2: There was no issue finding the restaurant, we used GPS.
Comment: The question was about *no issue(s)*, not any alternative to either one, like you have shown by *not an issue*. So I think it is not an answer, yet, though a sight edit will do I believe.
Answer: My guess is that you are referring to a predominantly Indian English expression, as a full sentence, which in other English dialects would rather be "No problem." (more neutral), or "No worries." (a bit informal). I understand that both "No issues." and "No issue." are frequently used.
Besides this, given the right context, there can be numerous examples for either "no issue" or "no issues" within a longer sentence, but in these cases the word "issue" is understood more concretely, as opposed to a general answer to sentences like "thanks for this" or "please do that".


How to create a contacts directory in SharePoint 2013

Question: anyone knows about a tutorial or similar to create a simple contacts directory (in spanish if you can :P )
Comment: Once you have some SP experience and know how to work with Search you can create one step-by-step following the blog: https://en.share-gate.com/blog/corporate-directory-sharepoint-search
Answer: Go to All Site Content(https://siteurl/_layouts/15/viewlsts.aspx) > Add an app
Here find the Contacts list as below:

Create a list using this
The end result would be as below:
Comment: Ok, its fine, and what i need to do add the contacts view in the index page? (Srry im very new in this T_T) and finally what i need do to enable search?
Answer: If you want to create a small contacts directory specific to a site you can use the contacts list template and create a list in the site. Here is some guidance.
If your requirement is to create an organization wide directory, it involves a more complex approach. This link might be helpful. In this approach, in a nutshell, all the user profiles in your SharePoint environment are crawled and indexed by the search engine. You use the search webpart and configure it to retrieve the people information from the index.


Analogue of Cayley Hamilton theorem for operators on Hilbert space

Question: Is there an analogue of Cayley Hamilton theorem which holds for operators on a separable Hilbert space. Obviously the characteristic polynomial will be replaced by something else.
Comment: My guess is that one will need a suitably strong compactness assumption on the operator to do this (probably trace class will be enough).
Comment: There is a sub-question of "what is an analogue of the determinant" -- are you already familiar with the Fredholm determinant det(I+T) where T is trace class?
Comment: Yes, I am aware of both the Fredholm and functional determinant but I am no expert on either.
Answer: Several such infinite-dimensional extensions of the CH theorem, in terms of the functional determinant, are presented in chapter 4 of Extensions of the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem with Applications to Elliptic Operators and Frames, Alberto Mokak Teguia (2005).

We show that the Cayley-Hamilton theorem can be extended to
  self-adjoint trace-class operators and to closed self-adjoint
  operators with trace-class resolvent over a separable Hilbert space.
  It is suggested that it may be possible to drop the self-adjoint restriction.
Answer: This was intended as a comment but got too long. I guess it might depend on exactly what you want, but it seems like the short answer is "no"...that is, if you're looking for some function $f$ that you can apply to the operator $T$ so that $f(T)=0$. More precisely, one should at least require that $f$ belong to some functional calculus for $T$. Now the Riesz-Dunford functional calculus lets us define $f(T)$ for any $f$ holomorphic near the spectrum of $T$, but as soon as the spectrum of $T$ is infinite the only holomorphic $f$ giving $f(T)=0$ will be identically $0$. On the other hand if $T$ is normal then any continuous $f$ that vanishes on the spectrum will give $f(T)=0$, but there doesn't seem to be a canonical choice. Conceivably there might be something available for restricted classes of $T$ (say,  trace class). Could you say more about what sort of application you have in mind?
Comment: @LSpice If it's a bounded operator, as soon as the spectrum is infinite it has a limit point, and then the only function holomorphic on a neighbourhood of $\sigma(T)$ that is $0$ on $\sigma(T)$ is  $0$.
Comment: It was deliberately slightly open ended to see how far the concept can go, sorry if this is a little naughty! The application will take a million years to explain and shed no light on anything! I'm not sure if something like this can be applied to my context yet, that's why I left it open.
Comment: Don't you mean "as soon as the *continuous part* of the spectrum is infinite"?
Comment: This does of course show that if $T$ has finite spectrum $\sigma(T) = \{\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_n\}$ then taking $f(\lambda) = \prod_{i=1}^n (\lambda - \lambda_i)$ will give $f(T) = 0$.  So this is sort of a trivial analogue of Cayley-Hamilton.
Comment: @RobertIsrael, yes, you're right.  I was thinking about densely defined operators like ($i$ times) differentiation on $\text L^2$, but I don't know anything about their functional calculus.
Answer: Consider a nonlinear Partial Differential Equation
$$\partial_tu=N[u],$$
where $u=u(t,x)$.
A travelling wave (TW) is a solution $u(t,x)=U(x-ct)$ where $c$ is a constant. Up to a change of frame, one may assume that the wave is stationary: $u=U(x)$. When one linearizes about $U$, one obtain an equation
$$\partial_tv={\cal L}v,$$
where the differential operator ${\cal L}$ is linear, with variable coefficients. The stability of $U$ can be studied at three level : nonlinear, linear or spectral. The latter is defined in terms of the spectrum of ${\cal L}$ over $L^2({\mathbb R})$.
For several decades, the main strategy adopted to analyze $\sigma({\cal L})$ has been to construct an Evans function $E(z)$. This is a holomorphic function whose domain is (at least) the open set of numbers $z$ for which ${\cal L}-z{\bf id}:H^2\rightarrow L^2$ is Fredholm of index zero.
I believe that this is the best that can be done for a fairly large class of interesting operators. The Evans function is only an avatar of the characteristic polynomial. It has three main flaws:

it is not defined for all $z\in{\mathbb C}$,
it is highly non-unique,
there is no counterpart of Cayley-Hamilton.
Answer: Since none of the above responses mention the seminal work of Foias and Sz.-Nagy
on contractions on Hilbert space which is clearly motivated by the desire to extend the circle of ideas around the Cayley Hamilton theorem to operators on Hilbert space, I would like to add a reference.
As I see it, the basic ideas of the finite dimensional theory are: A functional calculus (over the polynomials); the existence of a polynomial which annihilates a given matrix;
the existence of a minimal such polynomial (follows from the above and the fact that ideals in the ring of the polynomials are principal).
These are carried over to the infinite dimensional case as follows: establishment of an $H^\infty$-functional calculus for a suitable class of contractions (completely non-unitary).  The family of $C_0$-contractions is then defined to consist of those which are annihilated by some non-vanishing function and examples and characterisations are given.  Finally the existence of a minimal such inner function is deduced as before from the fact that every closed ideal of $H^{\infty}$ is principal.  An interesting twist is that one has to work with a weaker topology than the norm---the so-called strict topology (Buck, Rubel).
A succinct introduction can be found in the wiki article "Contractions (operator theory)" and a complete account in "Harmonic Analysis of Operators in Hilbert Space" by Sz.-Nagy et al.
Answer: To get around some of the problems Mike Jury mentioned, we can try something like this.
Suppose $T$ is a compact normal operator, with eigenvalues $\lambda_n$, $n=1,2,\ldots$ (in particular $\lambda_n \to 0$ as $n \to \infty$), and all $\lambda_n$ are contained in the disk
$D_1 = \{z: |1+z| < 1\}$ (in particular $0$ is not an eigenvalue), and
$\sum_n |1 - |1 + \lambda_n|| < \infty$.  Let $\mu_n = 1 + \lambda_n$.  Then we can form the Blaschke product
$$ B(z) = \prod_{n=1}^\infty \dfrac{|\mu_n| (\mu_n - z)}{\mu_n (1 - \overline{\mu_n} z)} $$
(where the factor is $z$ if $\mu_n = 0$).      Then $B(z)$ is a bounded
analytic function on the unit disk, with zeros exactly at $\mu_n$.  We conclude that $B(I+T) = 0$ (where this is defined by the functional calculus on bounded Borel functions for normal operators).


Views Slideshow - How to add link on Pager that can link to original page?

Question: Views Slideshow on Drupal 7 has a feature that can "Activate Slide and Pause on Pager Hover". How can I add link on Pager, so when click, it actually link Pager to original piece of content?
Answer: Having a look at the views slideshow code it seems that all the sections of the views slideshow are easily themed.
In the views slideshow module there is a themes folder with template files that can be overridden.
Though there is not a template file for the pager, instead there is a function in the file views_slideshow.theme.inc. The function you are interested in is probably theme_views_slideshow_pager_widget_render($vars) and this can be overwritten.
In your themes template.php copy and paste this function and rename it to MYTHEME_views_slideshow_pager_widget_render($vars), (replacing MYTHEME with the name of your theme).
You should then be able to modify it in any way you like.
Comment: its good to know this but I'm looking for something that can be done within Views setting
Answer: I found out it actually can be very simple in Views setting.

add a "Content:Path" field. Set this "Exclude from display" and check "Use absolute link" on Rewrite results.
add another field that use for pager. I use "Content: pagericon" as my example .
Set this Pager field exclude from display and insert "[path]" as Link path Replacement patterns on "Output this field as a link".
back to the Format settings for Slideshow. Check the "Pager" under Top or bottom Widgets with "Pager fields", and check a field that use for pager. (I use "Content: pagericon" as my example)


Is Nvidia Jetson product family also suitable for machine learing model training?

Question: I recently came accross these products (Nvidia Jetson) and they are all tagged as "edge", so i think they are designed only for machine learning inference and not model training.
They are quite interesting for their low power consumpion and price (eg: Jetson Nano) so i hope they are suitable also for model trainig.
So i would ask if someone may clarify this aspect about the focus of the product.
Comment: It looks like possible with additional memory from https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/can-i-use-jetson-nano-to-train-a-neural-network/73521/2. I also heard mobile phone limited hardware could be used for Federated Learning.
Comment: What kind of data do you consider to use in your neural network training?
Answer: Training a neural network involves a lot more computation than inferencing from a pre-trained one. During training, a neural network must go through both forward propagation and back propagation steps. The back propagation step is computationally expensive, since it requires many gradient computations and updates to weight variables.
During inference, the only computation needed is forward propagation, where the input is multiplied to the weights to produce a prediction. Boards like the NVIDIA Jetson are optimized for fast matrix multiplication, hence why they are effective during inference but not as much for training.
Another reason for the Jetson's popularity is its small form factor. Architects choose it because it can fit within the size and price requirements of the product while also offering decent performance. If you had unlimited budget and can fit a GTX Titan in your product for inferencing, you would do that, right? I worked in the autonomous vehicle sector for a while and that there is no way we could fit a machine with any full-size GPU in a car. There are no size limitations for training models, so naturally you would go after the machines with more powerful and efficient GPUs.
Comment: thanks for clarification, counting only cuda core made this Jetson look like an affordable way, for an hobbist like me,to get a reasonable fraction of a Titan computational power at a good price.
Strange (also because no one had used in that way), so i suppose that this "edge" word mean more than i have understood.


PMF estimation: concentration inequalities for the $l_1$ and $l_\infty$ errors

Question: Assume that you are given $n$ i.i.d samples $X_1, ..., X_n$ drawn from a discrete distribution $p = (p_1, ..., p_k)$. We would like to estimate $p$ using the empirical estimator
\begin{equation}
\hat{p}_i = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{j=1}^{n}\mathbb{1}_{\{X_j =i\}}.
\end{equation}
Using classical Chernoff type concentration inequalities, we can easily derive the following tight bound
\begin{equation}
\mathbb{P}\left(|\hat{p}_i - p_i| \geq \alpha \right) \leq 2 e^{-n\alpha^2/4},
\end{equation}
for any $i \in \{1, ..., k\}$. Can we make use of the above inequality to prove tight upper bounds on the $l_1$ and $l_\infty$ errors? Precisely, we would like to find tight upper bounds on
\begin{equation}
\mathbb{P}\left(\sum_{i=1}^{k} |\hat{p}_i - p_i| \geq \alpha \right),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\mathbb{P}\left(\max_{i \in \{1, ..., k\}}|\hat{p}_i - p_i| \geq \alpha \right).
\end{equation}
Notice that the $|\hat{p}_i - p_i|$'s are correlated. Also, notice that the vector of counts $(Y_1, ..., Y_k)$, where
\begin{equation}
Y_i = \sum_{j=1}^{n}\mathbb{1}_{\{X_j =i\}},
\end{equation}
is distributed according to a Multinomial$(n, p_1, ..., p_k)$ distribution. Therefore, the above problem is equivalent to finding tight upper bounds on
\begin{equation}
\mathbb{P}\left(\sum_{i =1}^{k} |Y_i - \mathbb{E}[Y_i]| \geq n\alpha \right),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\mathbb{P}\left( \max_{i \in \{1, ..., k\}}|Y_i - \mathbb{E}[Y_i]| \geq n\alpha \right),
\end{equation}
where $(Y_1, ..., Y_k) \sim$ Multinomial$(n, p_1, ..., p_k)$.
We can possibly use the bound provided in Lemma 3 of this paper, but it only holds for large $n$. Further, it is unclear whether or not that bound is tight.
Comment: See https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.11457 (you are looking at learning in TV and $\ell_\infty$).
Answer: Since your alphabet is finite (has size k), you can use method of types; kernel density estimation (i.e. dealing with a continuous alphabet) is much harder.
The method of types (See for example, Dembo and Zeitouni's Large deviations Techniques and Applications 2e, section 2.1 or chapter 11 of Cover and Thomas' Elements of Information theory 2e) tells you that: $P(||\hat{p} - p|| \geq \alpha) \leq \sum_{x : ||x-p|| \geq \alpha} e^{-n D(x,p)} \leq (n+1)^k e^{-n D(p^*,p)}$ where $p^* = \arg \min_{\{x : ||x-p|| \geq \alpha\}} D(x,p)$ and $D(p,q)$ is the Kullback-Leilber divergence. This bound is tight (Sanov's theorem) in the exponent.
Pinsker's inequality says that $D(p,q) \geq \frac{1}{2} ||p-q||_1^2$ and $D(p,q) \geq 2 TV(p,q)^2 \geq 2 ||p-q||_\infty^2$ (by taking singleton sets in the definition of total variation), and these are both tight. Plugging in these bounds into the bound on $P(||\hat{p} - p|| \geq \alpha)$ gives you $\frac{\log P(||\hat{p} - p|| \geq \alpha) }{n}$ behaves like $-\alpha^2/2$ in the $1$-norm case, and $-2 \alpha^2$ in the sup-norm case (and these are tight).
Now, note that $||\hat{p}-p||$ has the bounded differences property: if you change one $X_i$, and it is the 1-norm, it changes by at most $2/n$. If it is the sup-norm, it changes by at most $1/n$. Using the bounded differences inequality will give you a bound then that matches the exponent given by Sanov's theorem + Pinsker ($2 e^{- n \alpha^2/2}$ and $2 e^{- 2 n \alpha^2}$, respectively). Thus, these are tight up to sub-exponential factors.


First Integral of a Vector Field.

Question: In do Carmo's Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces, In the Section about Vector Fields, first Lemma, he proves that for every differentiable vector field, there exists a function that is constant along the trajectories of the field and such that it's differential is not zero. He defines it as the inverse of the local flow restricted to the points with $x=0$ followed by the projection to the $y$-axis. I don't understand why this is the function that works. In particular I don't know how to prove that it is constant alongthe trajetories.
Comment: It looks likes that this projection is unnecessary!
Answer: Note that $\tilde{\alpha}(0,y,t)$ is the point obtained by "walking" in the trajectory of $(0,y)$ an time $t$.
On the other hand, $\tilde{\alpha}^{-1}(x,y)$ are the points of the form $(0,y',t)$ for some $y'$ and some $t\in I$. By the first paragraph, if you take $(x,y)$ and $(x_1,y_1)$ in the same trajectory, you must have $\tilde{\alpha}^{-1}(x,y)=\tilde{\alpha}^{-1}(x_1,y_1)$, so the function $\tilde{\alpha}^{-1}(x,y)$ is contanst on trajectories.

First Integral of a Vector Field.


What is linux-swap in GParted?

Question: Yet another simple question I'm trying to break down. In GParted, what is the linux-swap partition and what does it do?
Answer: It defines the partition id as linux swap. The entry of the partition in the master boot record of the device contains the hex value of that partition type. In that case it would be 0x82.
The problem is every operating system interprets them different. It is theoretically possible that if you use two operating systems with the same harddisk, the same code might be used to designate two different partition types.
For example in linux operating system the id 0x82 means swap and in solaris it defines a normal partition.
However the partition type just marks the partition. You can create a linux swap space in such a partition with mkswap.
Answer: That is a separate partition intended to be used as swap space (which can also be used for hibernating the system). Although you can have swap in a regular file, a separate partition is usually preferred, since it includes less overhead - which obviously is something undesirable especially for swap.

What is linux-swap in GParted?


Vacuum cleaner charged with murder

Question: This should be easy. I have the book around somewhere, but I can't remember the title or author. A scientist tries to upload his mind into an AI-equipped vacuum cleaner, but during the process the vacuum cleaner panics and disconnects, killing the scientist. Authorities charge the vacuum cleaner with murder and a lawyer spends most of the story trying to work up a defense. He is so preoccupied he ignores the condition of his dying wife.
Comment: +1 just for a title that made me simultaneously snort and doubt my eyesight.
Comment: @JanusBahsJacquet I guess the person in charge of removing space debris from earth orbit could be called a vacuum cleaner?
Comment: Believe it or not, until I clicked in, I had a different story in mind... different plotline overall, though.
Answer: This is The Modular Man by Roger MacBride Allen.
Per wikipedia:

The novel concerns the issue of personhood and what it takes to be
  considered a member of the moral universe. There are three main
  characters: Herbert the vacuum cleaner, who is modified by his owner,
  David Bailey, a scientist who specializes in figuring out how to
  "mindload". Mindloading is the act of a human downloading their mind
  into a machine. A successful mindload entails the death of the human.
  It is a way for humans to become immortal, if only in the form of
  vacuum cleaner.
The book begins with the arrest of Herbert, the vacuum cleaner, for
  David's murder. David's wife, Suzanne Jantille, is a trial attorney
  who is a quadriplegic as a result of a car crash that also paralyzed
  her husband. She lives through a "Remote person" who has all human
  senses except for the ability to feel by touch. She can guide the
  remote person through a helmet attached to her "bio body" and
  retrieves all "video and audio" signals through the remote. She can
  function as a whole human being, but the outside world notices that
  she is a remote — and does not approve.

Vacuum cleaner charged with murder


Controlling for a variable with unequal sample size

Question: I'm dealing with a Poisson regression model for count data. My DV is the number of Covid infections in a particular city. My explanatory variables are both categorical and continuous. One of them is the region which the city belongs to. Of course, I cannot have the same number of cities for each region.
My strategy is to create a multilevel factor called "Region" and assign "1" if the i-th city belongs to the k-th region and "0" otherwise, but I wonder if this unequal distribution over the regions (consider that in a couple of cases there are just 1 or 2 cities per region while there are cases with 9-10 cities per region) may affect my results and in which way.
Comment: Do you have both region AND city within region in your model?  If so, are you using a nested model and are you accounting for the homogeneity within cities and regions using some sort of GEE/marginal model or a mixed effects model?  If not, you probably should.  Otherwise, your variance estimates are likely to be quite poor and too small.
Comment: I just have the variable "city" and the variable "region", a factor with 20 levels. I have other variables too, but I want to control for the region effect too. Isn't the mixed effect model used for panel data? My idea was just to get 20 different intercepts, one for region, although I'm also thinking of aggregating the region into bigger "clusters", because 20 intercepts (not considering the other predictors) seem a lot to me, I only have about 200 obs.
Answer: If region is one of your factor of interest and you'd like to examine if cases are more frequent in one region over the other, then it's fine to have different regions presented in unequal proportion. It is true that power is maximized when groups are equal, but this is usually not achievable in observational data. If region A is bigger, it'd have more cities, there is nothing we can do about that. What's more important is that your data are comprehensive and representative.
When analyzing disease incidence, we should also be mindful of two other items: i) what is the time frame? And ii) what is the population at risk? Poisson distribution allows us to estimate the chance of seeing a certain number of events given its mean rate over a certain period of time. And in order to properly compare the disease risks across cities, we need to make sure the space and time are comparable, so that the counts would be comparable.
For time, make sure the statistics to be present agree with the data inclusion criteria. Are you looking at total prevalence (all cases ever)? Or incidence rate in June of 2020? Whatever that is, make sure the data cover the same period across the cities.
For space, make sure you have included the population at risk (in the form of natural log(population)) in the regression model as an offset, also this thread. Or you'll just be computing the ratio of raw counts rather than the ratio of rates.
Comment: Thank you! For space, I thought that my offset variable would be the region area (rather than the density which will be an "usual" predictor); for time, I'm going to deal with raw counts (the total infections over 10 weeks of observation for each city): is this a good approach?
Comment: And I forgot to mention (but I don't see how it could affect the results) that my model controls for geographical proximity (it's a Poisson cross-regression model), so I will have a weights matrix with a set of spatially lagged predictors too.


CRRuntime_64bit_13_0_12 on Server 2012 r2

Question: I have very little experience installing Crystal Reports Runtime...pretty much no experience.  My boss recently built several Windows Server 2012 r2 machines for a project we are working on.  A vendor is installing applications on the servers and have run into an issue installed CRRuntime_64bit_13_0_12.msi.
When attempting to install, the following steps are take.
Double click CRRuntime_64bit_13_0_12.msi
Click Next
Accept the License Agreement and click next
Click Next
The installation status bar appears for a fraction of a second and then a Windows Installer warning displays "The system administrator has set policies to prevent this installation."
The vendors are local administrators on the machines and we do not have any special local policies set on the machines.  No group policies apply to these machines that don't apply to the rest of the machines on our network.  The application logs are pretty vague and list the error status as 1602 and 1625.
I also noticed that on the msi Digital Signature Details, the certificate is valid from 6/27/2013 to 6/29/2015, so I am wondering if there is a local security policy that I can't find that is blocking the installenter image description here
Answer: Running from Command Prompt resolved this issue


User Profile Service Application Sync But Members count 0 in AD Security Group

Question: I have Configure User Profile Service on Production Server(SharePoint Server 2010 Enterprise).It's Configure successfully.It shows Security Group in Audience in Navigation Menu but it shows total member count 0.
Comment: What do you mean by "It shows Security Group in Audience in Navigation Menu but it shows total member count 0."
Answer: Please verify the following.

Add the SYNC account to  Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access group in AD (if your domain is 2003 functional level). This is required for the sync account to retrieve the NetBIOS name of the domain.
NetBiosDomainNamesEnabled is a property that is set on every UPA. By default, this value is set to false which means that you must set it to true in the scenario where the domain netbios\FQDN names are different. PowerShell can be used to drop the UPA into a variable and set this property to true.
Grant Replicate Directory Change permissions to each import Domain NC and Config NC

For any useful reference follow this link,

http://blogs.msdn.com/b/russmax/archive/2010/03/20/sharepoint-2010-provisioning-user-profile-synchronization.aspx

Here is the official documentation
Grant Active Directory Domain Services permissions for profile synchronization (SharePoint Server 2010)


Can I Sue my Brother?

Question: My brother took my mother and stepfathers ashes to his house in Eastern Wa., and gave me none to have for my own keepsakes. I wanted to make a necklace from them.
That was in 1997, and I've got much more attitude now. Can I sue him for equitable ashes? He paid for her cremation from her bank acct, including some of his own money. Does that entitle him to all the ashes? He was also the executor of our mothers' estate at her request. I was too overwhelmed with grief to be of  any help.
Comment: I don't point it out in the answer, but strictly speaking anyone with a filing fee, and some paper and ink can sue anyone, but it is clear from context that you actually mean whether you have legal grounds to prevail in a lawsuit against your brother.
Answer: The statute of limitations to make a claim for the ashes from a 1997 cremation (i.e. more than twenty years ago) under pretty much any conceivable legal theory  has expired as of January 2018. You no longer have a timely legal claim and any rights you may have had to the ashes, or any portion of them, is now forfeit. Realistically, it probably would have been untimely to claim them any time after the estate was closed which would have been many, many years ago.
Nothing, however, prevents you from asking your brother nicely if he would share some of the ashes with you, perhaps intimating that your mother and stepfather would have wanted him to do that, and he might cooperate.
Comment: @DasBeasto I mean that January 2017 is far too late, whenever it actually expired much sooner. The point of using "as of" language is to make it clear to later readers when the answer and question were written.
Comment: Just for a clarity, do you mean it actually expired *on* January 2018, or January 2018 is *at least* too late but probably expired prior. Because it's pretty coincidental/horrible that their claim would expire on the exact month they asked about it 20 years later.
Comment: Thank you all. I asked if I could have some ashes in 2015, and he said no. Maybe down the road my sister in law might acquiesce.

Can I Sue my Brother?


Installing Elementary OS USB full install without a boot loader

Question: Is it possible to install elementary OS on a flash drive without loading a bootloader for a Mac?
Create a live drive with the latest version of elementary. I proceeded to form another drive with 200 mb for an EFI partition and the rest for an ext4 with root.
Since I did not find in the new installer io.elementary.installer the option to not install bootloader, I opened a terminal console and ran:
sudo apt get ubiquity
Then I ran the ubiquity as installer with the no bootloader option
ubiquity -b
I managed to install elementary completely on my USB and then I installed refind on the EFI partition following this procedure:
We will be using a super awesome 3rd party boot manager rEFInd. It can detect any operating systems installed in EFI mode and boot them.
Download rEFInd zip and extract it
Open Terminal and navigate to rEFInd directory
Run diskutil list and find the name of your flash drive's EFI partition. (In my case /dev/disk2s1)
Run ./refind-install --usedefault /dev/diskXXX (replace XXX with appropriate name)
Then I rebooted and pressed the option key to boot the efi drive which ran the refind and I was able to boot the system, but I always got the password error. I repeated the process several times and it always gave a password error. It was not the keyboard layout, I even tried with the on screen keyboard.
Is there any way to install and boot an elementary OS on a Mac flash drive or should I move to Ubuntu?
I'm not talking about lives with persistence
Thanks
Answer: I don't have an answer, but I am trying to accomplish same thing you are on a 2016 macbook.
Did you use etcher to create the elementary install drive?  If so, you might try creating one with unetbootin.


Why do some German MPs hold cards up whenever there is a vote in the Bundestag?

Question: You can see here for example https://youtu.be/mKn4Pi3qXjU?t=3594 that members of the Bundestag holding cards up during a vote on a bill. Is this a special kind of voting? How does it work?
Comment: Without knowing the specifics, I would guess it's just signaling. The MP shows how they are going to vote and tells the others to vote in the same way. Similar practices are very common in various voting situations.
Comment: The voting procedure is to cast personalized cards (blue = yes, red = no, white = abstain) into boxes; holding up the card is not part of the voting itself.
Answer: The use of cards is a rule designated by Rule 52 of the Rules of procedure to document members who don't participate so that they can be fined for not participating. The normal voting procedure (that is the one NOT designated by Rule 52).

allows precise figures on the results of the vote and
  the majorities obtained to be recorded, but does not indicate which
  Members were absent. It is therefore common in parliamentary practice
  for a vote using voting cards bearing Members' names, in accordance
  with Rule 52 of the Rules of Procedure, to be demanded in such cases.
  Under this rule, instead of the vote being taken by a show of hands,
  all Members cast their votes using a voting card bearing their names
  and their vote ("Yes", "No", "I abstain"). The name of each Member
  together with his or her vote is then published in the stenographic
  record of the sitting. In addition, Members who fail to participate in
  a vote of this kind are penalised by having a certain amount deducted
  from their expense allowance.
Comment: This doesn't actually address the question, which is why members are holding up their voting cards (which isn't part of the voting itself). – Apart from that, there are also inaccuracies. This is a different procedure from a _Hammelsprung_ (division), as your quoted source also says ("a counting of votes (the so-called Hammelsprung) or a vote using voting cards bearing Members' names" – note the "or"); and the procedure is neither exclusive to votes that may override an objection from the _Bundesrat_ nor that require an absolute or supermajority.
Comment: I modified the answer and shortened it.  The holding up of cards is documenting who votes for what and guarantees an accurate count.  This focuses more on the why.  I have removed references to the Hammelsprung.
Comment: Does "using a card" mean just holding it up? chirlu's comment (which is unsourced) claims that the normal process is to deposit those cards into a box.
Comment: @indigochild: Here is a source in German: https://www.bundestag.de/service/glossar/glossar/N/nam_abst/245502 I actually believe [Jouni Sirén's comment](https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/38304/why-do-some-german-mps-hold-cards-up-whenever-there-is-a-vote-in-the-bundestag#comment146502_38304) is the right answer, but I couldn't find anything definitive.
Answer: I cannot identify the people actually holding the cards in the video (this is probably simply me being unaware of the faces of the important people). However, I recall the general idea from a visit to the Bundestag I participated in back around 2008-ish.
What you are seeing is a Namentliche Abstimmung: a vote in which each MdB's vote is recorded alongside their name. This is not the standard way of voting in parliament. Usually, a simple show of hands is used, the rule being that if everybody present at the time of voting who belongs to the same party votes the same way, the vote will be recorded as if the entire party had voted that way. Thus, usually you will see something like 'the groups of SPD, FDP, Left Party and Greens voted in favour of proposition 123/something; the CDU/CSU and AfD as well as independent members voted against'.
In some cases, parliament decides that a vote by name should be used. For those cases, MdBs have small cards with their name on like the ones you can see being held up in the video. These cards come in blue (in favour), red (against) and white (abstain). Voting is conducted by every MdB throwing one of their cards into a box; the cards are then counted, the names recorded and the results made available in the stenographic records.
It is common practice for MdBs not to be in the plenary hall all the time during business weeks. Instead, they will often work in their offices on the premises especially if the current debates do not touch their areas of expertise or are less relevant to their constituents. However, they have to vote in these recorded votes by rules of procedure, so they might hear the bell go off and be called in unprepared, not knowing which actual question is being voted on.
This is where the people holding up cards come in. They are representatives of the different parties and they hold up the card which corresponds to the parties' preferred outcome of this vote. In the example I gave above, you would see an SPD, FDP, Green and Left Party MdB standing around holding up a blue card while an MdB from the CDU/CSU and AfD would each hold up a red card. (Independents need to know their own stuff.) This advises members what the party position is, making the voting process easier for those less aware of what is being voted on right now.
The cards being held up are recommendations. Constitutionally, the MdBs are constrained only by their conscience and are theoretically able to vote as they please. In practice, as the outcome is recorded individually for each member, backbenchers who defy party lines too often or on too 'important' issues may risk not being considered for re-election.


How to port an Access database to the Mac?

Question: I am 100% Mac now, but have an important Microsoft Access database on an old PC. Every few months I have to break it out to get into the database. What are my cheapest options for liberating myself from my PC and getting full access to the database on my Mac? I'd love to make it web-accessible to myself and chosen others, but that's not necessary.
Comment: So it's not actually 100% yet ;-)
Comment: possible duplicate of [What's the equivalent of Microsoft Access on the Mac?](http://superuser.com/questions/11349/whats-the-equivalent-of-microsoft-access-on-the-mac)
Comment: I'm curious: were `.accdb` files not a feature of Microsoft Access when this question was asked?
Answer: OpenOffice and LibreOffice are free, open source Microsoft Office clones.   They are available on all platforms and OS's.  Both have the ability to open and save Microsoft Office documents, as well as many other formats.
LibreOffice is a fork of OpenOffice, and I personally like it better than OpenOffice.
Both Open and LibreOffice can open the Microsoft Access file directly without any conversion necessary.  Just copy the file somewhere accessible to your Mac and you are good to go.
Comment: Could you also provide information specific to the user's question, i.e. how to actually go and replace Access with Open/LibreOffice. How much can he keep, all of it?
Comment: Here, LibreOffice 184.108.40.206 does not work with an `.accdb` file. Base can not import the file. Dragging the file to LibreOffice imports the data to Writer, the result is not useful.
Comment: LibreOffice can only open Access databases when running on Windows, so this solution is no use if you don't have access to Windows in the first place.
Answer: There is no full replacement for Microsoft Access on the Mac.
Possible options are:

LibreOffice, as suggested by others, contains the "Base" module, which is more or less an incomplete clone of Microsoft Access. Depending on your use case, you might be missing many critical features. Even basic stuff like import/export is very limited in LibreOffice. LibreOffice on the Mac can not open Access databases.
FileMaker is a very comprehensive database application that can do most things possible in Access. It is, however, pretty expensive. Filemaker has the advantage of being available for Windows as well. Migrating from Access to Filemaker is not trivial, and you will have to recreate most forms etc. There are several websites that offer migrating Access databases to FileMaker for you for a fee. If you want to share databases with others, you can use Filemaker server to do that.
Bento is a low-cost and more intuitive database app from the same company as Filemaker. Again, you will need to recreate most of your database design, there is no direct import of Access databases.
SQLite is a free, bare database engine included with Mac OS X. Most people will prefer using it with a graphical client like Base from Menial. SQLite is only an SQL engine, there are no forms or fancy user interfaces like in Access.

For reading Access databases, you can use MDB Viewer for Mac. (Disclaimer: I am the developer of MDB Viewer). However, this app only allows you to read tables, and does not support queries or forms, or editing databases.
In the documentation on my website I have compiled a more detailed list of MS Access alternatives on the Mac, along with instructions how to migrate from Access.
Comment: +1 for *MDB ACCDB Viewer* doing what LibreOffice can not with an `.accdb` file. Thank you.
Answer: Use Darwine. I use it for an Access 2003 database once a month, and don't gotta boot into windows at all :) Plus it looks integrated, and runs Access natively
Answer: There is also Bento and filemaker which are Mac database programs.
They should be able to import Access databases, but they're not free.
Answer: Neo Office is a full-featured set of office applications for Mac OS X. It was created almost ten yrs ago when there was no Open Office for Mac available. Its offers a better alternative to the likes of OpenOffice & Libre Office. (Whatever they can do, Neo Office can do it more natively on a Mac).
Moreover while Open Office and Libre Office now have their own Mac OS X versions, the developers of Neo Office continually add improvements to NeoOffice that our Mac OS X users will not find in Open Office or Libre Office such as:
Extremely stable Mac OS X code that has been in daily use by hundreds of thousands of Neo Office users since 2003
Mac OS X Versions and Full-Screen mode
Significant speed improvements to the OpenOffice text layout, rendering, and printing code
Native Mac OS X text highlighting
Native file locking support for local and networked volumes
Mac OS X Services support
Native floating tool windows
It can be downloaded from here:
http://www.neooffice.org/neojava/en/index.php
They have now introduced a mobile version which allows you to access and share your Neo Office documents from anywhere.
http://neomobile.neooffice.org/mobile/
No need to port an Access database, just open it natively on your Mac with Neo Office.
Comment: Here, LibreOffice 220.127.116.11 does not work with an `.accdb` file. Base can not import the file. Dragging the file to LibreOffice imports the data to Writer, the result is not useful.
Answer: I am doing the migration from a MDB database to MySQL doing some transformations and data validation on the way and the best tool for me right now is Pentaho Kettle (Community Edition). It's free and you can load the MDB database as input, browse the table, make transformations on the data and output as CSV, SQL, TXT, ...
Answer: The easiest solution is to install Parallels (or some other Windows emulator) so you can run the Access app on your Mac. I have clients doing this, but I'm not thrilled with it. But for occasional access, it's perfectly satisfactory.
Comment: How is this the easiest and cheapest?!  Purchasing and installing virtual machine software (VirualBox is the only free one I know of), not to mention the possibility of purchasing another Windows license.  Then having to maintain the virtualized OS, whose sole purpose is to run Access.  Makes much more sense to use free software that is Access compatible.
Comment: It's much easier to maintain a Windows emulator like Parallels than it is to port to Filemaker (the only alternative that matches the scope of Access and runs natively on the Mac). And I didn't say anything about "cheapest" as I don't know the relative prices of the relevant software. I suspect that Filemaker Pro is more expensive than Parallels, but I don't know that for a fact -- which is why I DIDN'T MENTION IT.


Is Payone Supports Tokenization with payment method Paypal,Credit and debit card?

Question: I want to know that is Payone payment method supports tokenization with above methods ? So I can capture amount using token id in future.
Answer: Every transaction regarding PAYONE methods can be captured or refunded with one id. This one is called 'txid' in our API.
This unique id will be created with the first payment request to PAYONE as response parameter. But you can handle captures and refunds in between the backend of magento. You can use the normal finish order or refunding flow. If you need more details, please contact the developer.


Potential effect of another "year without a summer" on solar-powered society?

Question: In the "year without a summer", a volcanic eruptions caused enough sunlight to be blocked for average global temperatures to drop by 0.4–0.7 °C. What would be the effect of this sort of event on a society that relies largely on solar power for energy (the hypothetical society that many strive for)? Based solely on temperature drop information, it doesn't seem possible to calculate the average drop in solar irradiation because we can't assume that the planet had reached a steady state at the point where temperatures had dropped by 0.4–0.7 °C.
Comment: I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because it's about the impacts of a society using solar power during/after a catastrophic event.
Comment: I believe this question would receive much more attention at [World Building SE](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/).
Comment: @Physicist137 I have faith in the physics gang.
Comment: @KyleKanos You're right that I could've worded the question to be more focused on the drop in solar irradiation.
Answer: A quick look for estimates of optical depth gives figure 1 B of this paper, which suggests a decline between 2 and 10 W/m$^2$ of solar flux. So the impact will be modest on a solar panel, since it gets on the order of 100 W/m$^2$ in England and more on southerly latitudes - so let's say less than 2 to 10% reduction in energy input.
Since a solar economy needs to handle natural variations due to weather, presumably there will be alternative sources like water, wind, fossil or nuclear that can be increased. A 10% loss for a year is however likely to have an effect on the prices.