Does the pets provide bonus for the party during quests?

Question: I found a lot of information saying that it provides bonus for the owner of it, but... it somehow doesn't make sense, on a party it's sort of expected it would get a bonus for everybody, no?
Answer: It just gives the bonus for the one dweller which has the pet equipped.
Whith your logic it would also mean that a complete room of your vault will get the bonus - what isn't the fact.
Comment: That's so sad =( because pet's that provides extra coins or extra items can go totally useless on this since it could affect only single wasteland explore
Comment: Well not really. If one of your dwellers in a party has a pet with item or cap bonus, you could get more stuff in you current event. I thought you mean things like damage or healing effects. These only count for a single dweller. Though I can't confirm that your party will get more caps and items becouse they are predetermined by the quest you choose. Maybe some else can confirm this. But the Cap bonus is really nice. Since you have really good dwellers they are able to collect more than 10,000 caps and some percent more make a great change.
Comment: Yes but it's hard to know what kind of bonus can affect the party or a single Dweller. Like the bonus caps, or the extra chance of junk and so on.

Maybe a specification on this could be nice from them.


Visual Studio Setup Project - Retrieving a string from a TextBox Dialog

Question: I am trying to get a value from one of the text box dialogs in Visual Studio Setup Project into a custom action installer class. It seems that it doesn't like it when someone enters a string with a space in it. If a user enters a string with no spaces or quotation marks I can retrieve the string no problem. Otherwise I am getting this error:

Exception occurred while initializing
  the installation:
  System.ArgumentException: File
  Source=localhost;Initial does not
  exist. If this parameter is used as an
  installer option, the format must be
  /key=[value]

Please note that the string is a database connection and "Source=localhost;Initial" would be the second token, if i were to split the entire string on a space. I am clearly missing something here because I cannot imagine that this is an actual limitation of the Visual Studio
Answer: You may have to surround your parameter with quotation marks, something like:
<code>/connectionString="[CONNECTIONSTRING]"
</code>
That's just a guess, I'm basing it on http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2w2fhwzz%28VS.71%29.aspx which suggests that values with spaces in them need to be quoted. The documentation doesn't address your situation exactly, so it's hard to tell.


How to recrystallize boric acid into flakes?

Question: I am putting 100 g of boric acid, 400 g of water and trying to crystallize at low temperature and letting cool slowly, however it recrystallizes as needle like texture. I need soft large crystals like mica. Can someone help out?
Answer: The ratio seems about right, though the solution could be a bit more saturated as the solubility of boric acid in $\pu{100 mL}$ of boiling water is $\pu{27.5 g}$, so for $\pu{400 mL}$ of water you can theoretically use $\pu{110 g}$ of boric acid.
From my experience it is crucial that initial nucleation occurs at the surface, then one gets flake-alike crystals. That's said, you need to start to cool down the solution very slowly, preferably using a warm water bath and a closed vessel with large cross-sectional area (wide beaker with a watch glass on top should do). Don't rush the cooling process, especially at the beginning – crystallization should begin on surface, not in the volume, otherwise you get a bunch of crystals of different morphologies.
P. S. When drying the crystals at the end after rinsing them with cold water on a filter make sure not to exceed $\pu{130 °C}$, otherwise boric acid will start to decompose and form metaboric acid $\ce{HBO2}$, then subsequently upon further heating, $\ce{H2B4O7}$, and, finally, $\ce{B2O3}$ [1, pp. 119–120].
Reference

Patnaik, P. Handbook of inorganic chemicals; McGraw-Hill handbooks; New York, 2003, ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.


Bind event to div but 'not' inner div

Question: I have a set of divs that looks like this

I'm a video

Then I am binding an event to the videoThumbnail class. That function works fine and well but I now need to bind another event for when download is clicked. My two bind events look like this.
//Bind selecting a thumbnail to change the video
$( '.videoThumbnail' ).not( '.download' ).on( 'click', function ( t ) {
    alert('you are doing thumbnail stuff');
} );
//Bind download on the litle download icon
$( '.download' ).on( 'click', function ( t ) {
    alert('you want to download this');
} );

I would like the first bind event on videoThumbnail to only happen when it's not selecting the download within it. Unfortunately whenever i press the download icon both functions execute. How can I bind the first event to the videoThumbnail without binding it to the download that's inside of it?
Comment: since the first click function only applies to two elements you can also bind directly to them `$( '.videoThumbnail .video, .videoThumbnail .title' ).on( 'click', function ( t ) {
        alert('you are doing thumbnail stuff');
    } );`
Comment: You can have different childs? but at least `.download` is always present?
Comment: Stop event propagation for click event on .download
Comment: @miguelmpn while that would work for this, I also have them in a for loop and there's 2 sets of them on the page, I thought that information irrelevant to the question though so I left it out.
Comment: You're right, it would always be the same classes, so that too is a viable answer
Answer: You need to use event.stopPropagation
Code
$('.download').on('click', function(event){
   event.stopPropagation();
   // the click code..
});

Answer: Stopping propagtion will prevent the event from bubbling, thereby preventing any parent event listener from being notified of the event that was dispatched. This may have inadvertent side-effects resulting in other unintended events being suppressed.
A better approach is to check if event.target is the .download element or a descendant element of .download.
$('.videoThumbnail').on('click', function(event) {
  if (!$(event.target).closest('.download').length) {
    // clicked on ".videoThumbnail" and "event.target" is not ".download"
  }
});

Here is an example demonstrating that:

$('.videoThumbnail').on('click', function(event) {
  if (!$(event.target).closest('.download').length) {
    alert('clicked on ".videoThumbnail" and "event.target" is not ".download"');
  }
});

$('.download').on('click', function(event) {
  alert('clicked on the ".download" element');
});
.videoThumbnail { border: 1px solid; }
.download { background: #f00; }

download

Comment: @Mathletics Correct. I clarified by stating that it will prevent any parent event listener from being notified of the event that was fired.
Comment: _Stopping propagtion will prevent any other events from being fired._ Huh? It will stop this click event from bubbling, but it won't affect any other events.

Bind event to div but 'not' inner div


Principal Components and Noise

Question: When doing principal components it is intuitively clear that noise accumulates more towards the last components. What would be the formal explanation of how and why this happens?
Comment: A formal explanation requires a formal statement of the assumptions of an underlying probability model. Typically PCA is used without such assumptions - a mere transformation. See [here](http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/87198/pca-randomness-of-component) for some examples of the danger of interpreting smaller components as noise.
Answer: It is not "intuitively clear" to me. In fact, I'd say it totally depends on the signal to noise ratio. PCA decomposes the data into uncorrelated vectors, with the first vector (first component) catching the largest portion of the variability in the data, the second -- the second largest etc.
If the noise is big enough, it will push the "signal" towards the smaller components.
Quite often I see that one of the "major" components is dominated by one or two outliers (usually technical errors in measurement), while the actual study variables come in third or fourth.
Comment: Can you have much Signal without variability?  Would'nt it be like an independent variable with a Slope close to zero.
Answer: Maybe another way to state the same thing is that the first Principal Component grabs the majority of the Signal.  The 2nd Principal Component is stuck attempting to explain only what is unexplained by the 1st one.  It explains the residual of the 1st one.  By the time you reach the 3d Principal Component it really does not have much Signal left to work with or explain because the vast majority of it has been explained by the first two.  This logic entails that as you move away from the 1st Principal Component and towards the last one, you get less and less Signal... which means you get more and more Noise.
Comment: ... assuming that most of the variability in your data consists of signal. If most of your data is noise, then the first few components will mostly represent that noise, and not the signal.
Comment: I think the confusion is about what constitues a "signal" -- if you define "signal" as "major modes of variation in the data" then PCA by definition captures those in the first few components. If "signal" is defined to mean something like "underlying structure of the data" or "components of the data useful for predicting some external quantity" then -- if the data contains lots of noise -- that kind of "signal" won't show up in the first few components, or at least it will be heavily contaminated with noise. See example here: http://rpubs.com/fabian-s/13957
Comment: ... that's true.  Unpredictive Data = Weak PCA.  But, on a relative basis is there any reason to believe that there could possibly be more Signal in the 3d Principal Component as in the 1st one (as another commentator suggests)?

Principal Components and Noise


How to choose where to install an app either to sd card or device?

Question: I have a samsung galaxy tab 4, i have already changed the download location to sd card, but i want to download an app and it says it can't be downloaded on the sd card, that it must be on the device. how can i revert it to download on the device, without taking the sd card out? Help its annoying to take out the otter box cover out, everytime.
Comment: See the answer from Paulmz. Alternatively you can also download (I know...contradicts your question) and migrate applications to and from your Phone. Just a comment. :)
Answer: You can  unmount the SD card from the settings. To do this: Go to Settings -> Storage -> Unmount SD card.
Removing the card  physically is not needed.
You can later remount the SD card whenever you need it back by using the settings again, still without actually removing and inserting the SD card.
Answer: In the same settings menu where you changed the download location to sd card set the download location to device.
Comment: There isnt a dowload location. Thats why im asking this question. what i did the first time was copy paste the download file in the root menu to the sd card. then all new downloads go to sd card. i have looked everywhere for that option, because my galaxy note has them, so does the s4. But the galaxy tab 4 im having trouble with doesnt seem to have that option. I have checked storage options, task manager, dowloads, everywhere and cant seem to find it. Can i upload images to show u my menus
Comment: I have also tried the unmounting sd card. And it still wont download
Comment: What i actually want to download is a game, and i cant download it to the sd card because it says it cant be downloaded there. Thats why i wanna download it to the device, and it still wont download. And i know its not the size its only 34mb because i got curious and i downloaded another one 87mb and did fine
Answer: You probably have just changed the preferred install location (I'm not aware of a setting that enforces a location for app install). So IMHO you don't need worry, simply install that app.
Background:
Developers must declare their app's preferred install location in the Manifest of the app. There they basically have 3 choices: internal storage, external storage, let-the-OS-decide. On the OS side, again there's a corresponding setting: internal, external, default (usually internal). You altered the latter to "external" I assume.
Now what happens when you've set the OS side to "external"? Depends on what the Manifest of the app-to-be-installed says: if it says "let-the-OS-decide", things are clear: the app goes there (in your case, the external storage AKA SD card). Everything else overrides the OS-side setting: If an app offers services/widgets, it must go to internal storage, hence the developer will declare such – and the OS will obey.
So: No need to change anything. If the app must be installed to internal storage, the dev should have taken care for that in the app's Manifest. If you're still running into trouble, see my answer here on how to change the default.
Answer: Some apps need to be installed on non-unmountable device-memory because they depend on an app-s service that must run continuously without beeing stopped if sd is unmounted/ejected.
The developper of the app can declare that the app must be installed on device memory.
You can try to install the app in device-s memory and later move it to sd-card via settings/app/move to sd.
If the developper does not want the app to be installed on sd this option is not available.
You can also try to use the android app app2sd for this.


Meaning and usage of ずっとそう思っていました。

Question: Which translation is most apt for ずっとそう思っていました。?

"I always thought so."
"I have always thought that..."
"It is always on my mind"
"I am always thinking about"

When and how is the phrase/expression usually used?
Answer: You could interpret the phrase a few ways depending on context, but two main candidates are as follows:

A: ずっとそう思っていました。 I had always thought so.
B: ずっとそう思っていました。 I have always thought so.

In A, the fact that the phrase is in the past tense 思っていました can indicate a change in the opinion of the speaker. It refers to something that the speaker had always thought to be the case and believed to be so. However, the inference is that it is not something they think now. Their opinion has changed. To give an English example, imagine you lost your dog but but never found him. You might say "I had always thought I would find him, but I never did". The past tense indicates that your opinion has changed.
In B, you could argue that the past tense 思っていました can refer to something which the speaker has always believed right up until this very moment. And they still believe it. In the same example as above, imagine that you had found your dog. Now you might say "I have always thought I would find him, and now I have", This time, the tense serves as a reference point which was continuous from the past up the the current moment and which you are confirming was correct.

This might be a controversial interpretation so I recommend reading more answers for reference.
Answer: センスがあるなKandyman!
Great answer from Kandyman, I don't yet have privileges to vote (just joined today)
Not only as a dog owner, but in general I would just highlight that often the situation could be related to different views between two persons and either telling "E@BJ XNT" (Courtesies to D.Adams) or showing gratitude for having been told about the true matter, e.g.
In A: You realize you have been wrong all these years and now you realize you had been wrong, after having being told so by someone, and now you admit that to the person. (In this case the person who enlighted you did so the first time, i.e. it is not the case of the person having argued for his/her case dozens of times and you having simply argued against that).
In B:
B a) You have been suspecting something about a person, but never told him/her about that, and the person finally reviels to you. Or, you have always thought that "a=1" and someone tells you that "a=2" and feel gratitude/shame (or at least you are not pissed) that you got the confirmation.
B b) You are telling a person "So, now you finally believe me after I told you a million times!!!" (I.e. there had been an argument between 2 people about something and a "3rd party source" confirmed who won.)
Tuomo

Meaning and usage of ずっとそう思っていました。


Get points from a kml LineString

Question: I have a KML file with a LineString. I'm trying to load the points in Python. I'd like to use the FastKml library, but am open to other solutions. FastKml has one example for reading KML, but I have not been able to convert that to get the LineString points.
Comment: Do you have a sample file?
Answer: You can open the file with OGR and access the points from the layer:
from osgeo import ogr

ds = ogr.Open('KML_samples.kml')

for lyr in ds:
    for feat in lyr:
        geom = feat.GetGeometryRef()
        if geom != None:
            for i in range(0, geom.GetPointCount()):
                print (geom.GetPoint(i))

Comment: I did not know that ogr could access kml files, really good to know! However when I run this script on a .kml file with both `LineString` and `Points` it only returns the coordinates of point features (and only some of them...) and not coordinates of points in the 'LineString'
Comment: Do you have a sample file? Otherwise it is difficult to reproduce what you wrote.
Comment: I used the exact code you have above. For the file I posted here it just prints out 3 points, which are all cointained in a `` tag in the file. [Here is the link of the sample google developers kml file I used](https://developers.google.com/kml/documentation/KML_Samples.kml)
Comment: Thanks for posting the sample file. Your file has several layers. I edited the code. Now it loops over all the layers in your file. In addition it has one feature with no geometry (which is weird). I added an if statement to catch that.
Answer: kml is a xml language focused on geographic visualization, with attention to annotation of maps/images and the navigation of them. For this reason a python script utilizing an xml parser such as xml.etree.ElementTree should be able to extract the coordinates in a fairly straightforward manner.
Understanding that for line strings they are identified by the <LineString></LineString> tag. Within the <LineString> tag is the <coordinates>...</cordinates> tag that contains the list of coordinates.
Here is an example below of how to extract the coordinates for all LineStrings in a .kml
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
filePath = r'C:\yourFile.kml'
tree = ET.parse(filePath)
lineStrings = tree.findall('.//{http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2}LineString')

for attributes in lineStrings:
    for subAttribute in attributes:
        if subAttribute.tag == '{http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2}coordinates':
            print subAttribute.tag, subAttribute.text

This method can be used to extract the coordinates of other named tags in a .kml file, containing the coordinates tag. The key is knowing the namespace that your kml file is using in my case it is {http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2}. But that info can also be accessed once you have created a tree via the following code:
root = tree.getroot()

root.tag then contains the namespace for the version of kml you are using.
See Google Developers guide on LineStrings here for more info on the syntax of the <LineString> tag
Comment: KML isn't really "modified .html". Perhaps you wanted to say it is just a form of XML?
Comment: Yes I can parse this with pure Python and regex, or shell and regex, etc. But there are several Python libraries that are **built for KML**, so I am trying to use them. It ought to be a fraction of LOC, especially if there are multiple named LineStrings in one KML.
Comment: Understood. I was just going off of your question. You said you have a kml with _a LineString_ and you did not mention other libraries but simply _solutions_.
Comment: Thanks BradHards. I have modified the post to show the correction.
Comment: +1 JamesSLC. KML is XML, so XML libraries like xml.etree are the way to go. I've written some KML helpers for xml.etree in https://pypi.python.org/pypi/keytree/.
Comment: Thanks sgillies, looks like a great project! Thanks for the support, good to see solid programming applied to GIS purposes
Answer: In fastkml, the process that I have found is this :

Read KML File
Parse Placemarks from the file
Parse Geometries (if any) inside the Placemarks
If LineString, extract coordinates

Since you didn't mention where exactly you get stuck on in this process, I think this article can help you out throughout the process : https://medium.com/@wwaryan/the-definite-only-guide-to-fastkml-58b8e19b8454

Get points from a kml LineString


Doppler effect and shift in visible region and constant velocity of waves

Question: I have learned that due to doppler effect the wavelength of light increases when source is moving away from observer. Also this proves big bang theory  and also universe is expanding. Like red shift , is there anything like blue shift that decrease the  wavelength of light? Is there any experiment or evidence for this?  I also heard that introduction of 4D is responsible for velocity of light to be constant in this process. Is this is true?  If this is true then how the velocity of sound is constant since the velocity of sound is less?
Answer: To start with, the velocity of light is not the same for all observers.  It is the  speed of light that does not change when observed from different inertial reference frames.  The invariance of the speed of light is what led to the 4D model.  Einstein wrote his papers on (special) relativity before Minkowski (Einstein's professor) introduced the notion of 4-dimensional space-time.
Velocity is speed in a specific direction.  The direction of light will, in general, change from one inertial frame to another.
One view of light propagation is that it has no medium.  Air (or some other continuous material) is the material medium of sound.  That medium has non-zero (rest) mass.  Sound is a disturbance in that material which is communicated between adjacent elements which are otherwise at rest in some inertial frame.
Yes there is such a thing as blue shift.  I can't cite a specific example, but I am certain there is some stellar jet, somewhere, whose material is moving toward Earth, and therefore exhibits a blue shift.
Also, the moving target indicator feature of the radar I worked on in the Army used the change in frequency of the reflected radiation to distinguish a moving object from stationary background reflections.  If the target was approaching, the return signal was "blue shifted".
Another opinion regarding the medium of light (which I prefer) is that the medium of light is geometrodynamic space-time.
Comment: I could not understand the concept you duscussed in case of sound . I think it does not answer my question sufficiently.
Comment: It has to do with the difference between the nature of a material object with non-zero rest-mass, and light which has zero rest-mass.  Light can never be at rest relative to an inertial frame.  Every massive object is at rest in its own co-moving inertial frame.  These aren't extremely difficult ideas, but they do take a bit of contemplation.  Matter can never move at light speed.  This might help you get a feel for  the topic: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson%E2%80%93Morley_experiment


How to make a good portfolio for IT student (who loves programming) like me?

Question: I am currently a college student, and going to apply for an university in probably next month. Unlike art student who easily put on their works such as models, designs and so on on their portfolio; I am hitting a dead corner trying to find a "creative" way to showcase my work as a programmer. It would be normal if programmer shows his good project with source code and everything else. Well, it should be no problem with actual "good" projects, but all of my projects are crappy (can't help it because I am still student, and don't have much work experience) and I don't even know it's worth to show. Nonetheless, I have learned a lot in only 1 year since I started programming. I am now familiar with Java, PHP, Actionscript3, C#, Objective-C and on my way to learn Ruby.
I plan to build a Flash portfolio using Actionscript with Ruby as backend to show what I have learnt. The problem is idea. How to show people that I learned a lot of useful thing? Otherwise I hit the dead end and LOL just show what I have on Github (but i certainly never want that...)
Comment: to make me a more stand-out candidate?
Comment: This sounds like a good idea, the problem is in one year since you started programming you state you are familiar with 6 different programming languages.  Even being generous on each one would only be two months, I don't think you are as deep into them as you could be.  I recommend focusing on 1 of these languages and attempt to master it (Java/C#)
Comment: You're applying for undergrad?  They want to see math skills and general aptitude.  I can't imagine them even looking at a portfolio.
Comment: Why do you need that?
Answer: Do it like most successful programmers do and keep it simple. Keep it to one page if you can.
Make a list of things you've done. That's your showcase.
Link to Github, LinkedIn, StackOverflow account and so on. That's your social proof.
You can make it pretty later and you've still done more than what the majority of programmers in the world has done. ;)
Comment: Thx...I would take your idea in consideration. Perhaps ur correct about making things simple first and make it pretty later^^
Answer: Here's my questions for you:

Couldn't you take your "crappy projects" and turn them into good projects?
Couldn't you show how you could use some application you built to do something?

If not, then what the heck do you think you'd be doing in a programming role?  I mean that as an honest question of what do you think is in that job if not making something to do another thing.  It may not be all flashy and sexy, but the question is whether or not you have some pride in your stuff.

With only a month, that is still a good deal of time and one where I'd be tempted to have a before and after copies of the code to illustrate what you've learned in that month.  What refactoring techniques did you learn and how did you use them?  Did you go overboard in applying something?
Comment: 1. I am more than grateful to turn my crappy projects into good ones...But come on! only less than a month until university application. If I had one year, sadly I don't, then maybe it's a different story.


Physical cache vs Logical cache

Question: What is the pros and cons of:
- Physical cache (between MMU and Memory)
- Logical cache (between CPU and MMU)
from a programmer's view? How to get the best of each of them?
Thanks
Answer: Google gives this Link.
Up to date Link
The article gives pros and cons of each type of caching system and states that both can be implemented at the same time.  Froma programmer's point of view, anytime I need not worry about virtual addressing and associated costs, its a win, but programming for cache hit/misses is going to affect performance much more than slight latency I believe.  This area is not my forte, coming from small embedded systems programming though where caching is just now starting to become relevent to what I do.
Comment: Fyi, the link you shared seems to be outdated..
A recent (as of 2017) link: http://www.readorrefer.in/article/Logical-versus-physical-caches_7647/
Answer: Excellent book on the subject - UNIX® Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers, By Curt Schimmel. You'll find detailed discussion of virtually vs. physically tagged caches and what [kernel] programmers have to do about them.

Physical cache vs Logical cache


MG Rover Immobiliser removal

Question: I have a 2003 MG Rover Streetwise, I need to remove or at least completely bypass the OEM Immobiliser.  Driver door lock is broken due to attempted theft, so no point trying to enter the code, the key fob has been destroyed due to an auto electrician's incompetence.  I have managed to get ignition, spark and fuel, the car now starts, but will only idle for roughly 30 seconds and cuts out again.  No loss on fuel pressure, coil doesn't show loss either and the fuel cut in the engine compartment is completely pressed.  I need this car running urgently!
Comment: There is currently nothing in the [help center](http://mechanics.stackexchange.com/help/on-topic) that says these questions are off topic or prohibited in any way. Please see the [discussion here](http://meta.mechanics.stackexchange.com/a/1400/85)
Comment: I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because questions about bypassing security systems could be used for illegal means
Comment: @Zaid I agree, what if an actual thief comes and looks at this post..... its too dodgy to just leave out like this.
Comment: Hi, I do understand the concerns of theft, but that is exactly what started my problems, I would much rather prefer direct contact rather than posting it online for the world to see, so think of it rather, I'm looking for someone whom has the knowledge I require, rather than a step by step explanation via any form or blog...
Answer: On most cars, the immobiliser is difficult to remove/disable, as it is integrated into other systems on the car. For example, on my 2000 Opel, the immobiliser is linked to the ECU, which means the ECU would need reprogramming to remove.
I would suggest going to the dealership, and bringing proof of ownership. They can then order in a new key and lock set for you. They can look up what key and lock you actually need from the VIN and number plate.
This will probably be expensive, but it will be the easiest option, which will cause the least damage.
The new key will also need programming, which generally needs to be done by the dealership computer software.
EDIT: Seems that MG went bust a while ago... You could try contacting the MG owners club
Comment: There are no longer any Rover dealerships.  You could try contacting the MG owners club or a specialist such as Rimmer Bros.  Alternative would be an autoelectrician or a locksmith who specialises in cars.
Answer: The immobiliser can be disabled on 90% of vehicles by specialist auto electrical companies. The car will start and operate completely as normal just without the chip in the key.
I don't think there is a major problem with security as most thieves won't attempt to steal a car which they would assume has an immobiliser and there is still the door locks and the steering lock which is very hard to remove.
I know this because I was previously in the same situation and used tgautomotives.co.uk based in the UK. The website lets them down but he explained everything to me and disabled my immobiliser with no issues.
(Im not affiliated with the above company just a very happy customer who wants to help!)

MG Rover Immobiliser removal


any ideas how to get missing returns for german governement bonds, maturity bucket 10+

Question: I am looking for a way to extrapolate monthly government bond returns (total return index) that are not available on datastream for the bucket of 10+ (maturities of 10 years and above). For the 4 previous buckets I have monthly data from 1978 onwards, but for the 10+ bucket I only have from 1986 onwards. Does anyone have any idea how I can fill in this missing return data? The easiest solution is just to cut out the missing portion of the sample completely but I think it would be a shame to do so.
Answer: This is my preferred way of generating bond returns proxies:

Decide on a tenor for the 10+ bucket. 20-years is a common choice, primarily because Ibbotson's US long-term bond returns reflect that maturity.
Take the 10-year yield series
Make some assumptions about 10y/20y spread. The simplest assumption is to assume 20-year yield = 10-year yield.
At the end of each month, buy a par bond whose 1) coupon = 20-year yield, 2) maturity = 20 years, 3) price = 100
At the end of the following month, reprice this par bond, now a 19-year 11-month bond, by assuming its yield to maturity = the new yield. This lets you calculate the monthly return.
Buy a new par bond and repeat.

You can also just regress the 10+ return you have against the other buckets and use the coefficients to backcast...


Finding a point outside of each of a set of polygons in a bounded space

Question: I know there are algorithms for finding a point inside a simple polygon.  Given a set of polygons inside a rectangle (think a bunch of polygons on a computer screen), is there an efficient algorithm for finding a point that is inside the rectangle but not inside any of the specified polygons?  (Note that these polygons don't overlap, but may share a common border (or part of a border).)
Comment: What do you mean by efficient? Without thinking too much, I can think of an $O(n^3)$ algorithm (with $n$ being the total number of points in all the polygons altogether) that seems to work. But is $n^3$ efficient?
Comment: n^3 is efficient enough.
Comment: I have to think of the details but the gist of it is that you construct all possible edge crossings (at most $O(n^2)$ points). Now, for each point $P$ you check if $P$ is inside your rectangle but outside or on the border of all the polygons. If such $P$ is found, you have to check if there is a point very close to $P$ (essentially $P+\varepsilon$) that falls outside all polygons. Both those checks can be done in $O(n)$ which would essentially give you an $O(n^3)$ algorithm. I understand that this is a hand-wavey way but I think the details can be worked out.
Comment: What do you mean by edge crossing?  No pair of polygons intersect each other, although they may share a border or part of a border.
Comment: Okay, I didn't see in the problem description that the polygons do not intersect. So I assumed the general case where they can intersect.

Under the new condition, I think the algorithm would be faster ($O(n^2)$) because the number of candidates to check would reduce to $O(n)$ points (from its previous $O(n^2)$ points).

Using this added condition, the only points $P$ that you have to do above check on them are the vertices of the polygons.
Answer: If the polygons can overlap, the problem can be solved in $O(n^2)$ time (where $n$ is the number of sides of the polygons in total) by constructing the arrangement of line segments and maintaining as you construct it the number of polygons that cover each cell of the arrangement. There are $O(n^2)$ cells, arrangements can be constructed in $O(n^2)$ time, and it takes constant time per cell to maintain the covering number because it differs by one from the number of any neighboring cell.
You are unlikely to solve the problem significantly faster than $O(n^2)$ because it is equivalent in difficulty to 3SUM — see the original paper on 3SUM hardness, "On a class of $O(n^2)$ problems in computational geometry", by Gajentaan and Overmars (CGTA 1995).
With your specification that the polygons cannot overlap, the same approach works in $O(n\log n)$ time using an output-sensitive arrangement construction algorithm.


How does the target indicator on a jet fighter work?

Question: How does the target indicator in Jet Fighter Aircraft work?  How does it stay on target? Is this queued from the radar, from infrared or is this image classification? What does the x in the target indicator mean? Are the other symbols around it part of the target indicator or related to something else?
Comment: It could be any of them, depending on the configuration of the fighter. Some fighters acquire manually and tracks it with the missile's IR detector, mig-21 is such a example. Other more advanced fighters acquires and tracks the target with onboard radar or IR detector then let the missile lock on after launch. But sensor fusion is a thing now so you would expect the latest generation would collect data from all sources available and gets the job done.
Comment: Could you please point to the source of the image?
Answer: There are two main questions here, mainly how does a fighter jet track a flying target, and questions about the symbols used on the Heads Up Display.
How does a fighter jet track targets
A fighter jet tracks its target(s) using its radar, which (as you are all aware) works by emitting EM waves and detecting the reflected waves bounded off by the target. The onboard computer processes this data and translates it to target information.
There are two modes of radar operation*. The first is a scan mode: the radar makes a sweep across a wide angle to look for targets. In this mode, the radar scope is wide, but target update rate is slow, and target information is coarse. The second is targeted mode: the radar focuses a narrow beam of energy at the target, which provides accurate readings with a high update rate. On the HUD, you can see "200Vc", meaning the jet is closing in on the target at a relative speed of 200 knots. Below that is "1000 FT", the distance to target.
* There are many modes actually, but to keep it simple, let's just focus on two.
A fighter jet does not identify a target optically nor using infrared. Neither of these two methods can provide accurate position information of the target. This may change in the future, but it is what the technology is now.
About the HUD
The HUD is from a F-18 (I am not sure which variant). Let's go over the symbols top to bottom and left to right:
Left column

On the upper left is a black square. It indicates that the trigger is pressed at this moment. It is displayed only on the recorded tape and is not visible to the pilot.
the boxed number is the indicated airspeed. It is reading 179 knots.
Going down is the angle of attack, or "alpha". It is reading 20.3 degrees.
Mach speed is 0.36.
G-loading is 1.7.
The max g-loading on this flight is 7.6 G.
Below that is the time in UTC.

Center column

On the upper center, the arrow pointing upwards "^" is the needle of the heading indicator. Above it is the ruler marked with heading numbers, which is apparently cropped off in this image.
The cross sign below "+" is gun cross. The cross is always displayed at the gun inclination angle as a backup.
The "w" sign is the attitude indicator. In the background we can see the numbers: the aircraft is pitched 26 degrees down and banked approximately 70 degrees to the right.
"GUN" indicates machine gun is the selected weapon. The cross indicate it cannot be fired, most likely because this is a practice mission and master-arm is not on.
"0" is the number of bullets left.
Near the bottom edge of the image, a bit to the right of center line, is the flight path indicator, a circle with three bars extending from its left, top and right respectively. It shows where the aircraft is travelling to, and it is useful for landing or flying low near terrain.

Right column

Current altitude is 15180 feet MSL.
Target closure rate is 200 knots.
Range to target is 1000 feet. If the range is longer than 1 nautical miles, it will display in nautical miles instead, up to the nearest 0.1 nautical mile (e.g. 2.3)

Symbol around the target

This particular circle is the target reticle for gun mode. A bigger circle is displayed if it is in missiles mode.
The center dot shows where the bullet will hit if the gun is pressed at this very moment. The circle moves around the HUD as the jet is maneuvered. For example, if the pilot pulls on the stick, the circle will move towards the bottom of the HUD because that is where the bullets are going.
Targets are identified by a square box on the HUD. The square is not displayed when the gun reticle overlaps with the target, which is the scenario in this image.
"IN LAR" means In Launch Acceptability Region. "IN LAR" is displayed instead of "SHOOT" because the target is designated as friendly. If the target is designated as hostile, "SHOOT" will be displayed instead.
Below the letters "LA", we can see a bold portion from 12'o clock to 1'o clock on the circle, and a mark at 1'o clock. This is the range to target. The mark rotates clockwise as target distance increases. For example, if the bold portion is instead from 12'o clock to 3'o clock, the target range will be 3000 feet.
There is a similar mark on the circle slightly pass 6'o clock, but the mark is outside the circle. This is the maximum range of the currently selected weapon. By comparing the bold portion of the circle to this mark, a pilot can tell whether the target is within range of the current weapon.
I have no idea what the "x" means.
Comment: @jjack because only the F-18 HUD looks like this. The HUD of every other military aircraft (that I am aware of) has a different layout. The F-16 for example has a speed tape and altitude tape; the F-15 has neither box nor arrow around the numbers etc.
Comment: Is the waterline mark "w" exclusive to Navy jets? Or how can you tell it's a Navy HUD?
Comment: Yes, ok. But how can you tell it's from the F-18?
Comment: Identifying a target and tracking it are two different things. The fact that it was classified as friendly just shows the identification part. And that range info is given in the picture means that radar is on in this case. But that doesn't generally exclude optical or infrared for tracking.
Comment: @jjack I didn't say its a Navy HUD; it is the F-18 HUD. The F-18 is operated by many countries around the world, besides the US Navy.
Comment: "*The center dot shows where the bullet will hit if the gun is pressed at this very moment.*" - At a predetermined range, right? Something like: the dot shows where a bullet fired right now will be when it is 1500 ft away (or some other distance that is fixed for the gun mode of the HUD), correct? I expect the "X" over the word gun either means to not fire the gun as IFF has determined the target is friendly, the gun is disabled, or the gun is out of ammo.
Comment: @ToddWilcox the cross over the word "GUN" means the weapon cannot be fired for *any* reason, such as master-arm is off, out of ammo, or some other config. It is not related to IFF; the F-18 has no locking mechanism preventing it from firing at a friendly target. About the dot: it works pretty much like the flight path indicator; its position on the HUD is adjusted such that it correlates to the outside world.
Comment: Yeah I didn't say the cross on the word "gun" meant the guns were locked out. It's just a HUD. Regarding what looks like an LCOS, I found the answer on my own, and the answer is "yes". According to [this article](http://www.classicjetsims.com/downloads/LCOSS.pdf) (PDF), "...the pipper tell the pilot (**for a specified range**) where the round that was fired one time-of-flight ago is now." (emphasis mine) It just seemed to me that such a pipper is meaningless without a related range value to indicate where the round will be in three dimensions.
Comment: Oh, but the answer is also kind of "No", because the range is not *predetermined*. The LCOS uses the range reported by the radar to determine where to put the pipper. There are some flight assumptions involved in computing the lead, but theoretically if the pipper is dragged across the target while the gun is firing, a hit is highly likely. In practice it's not nearly that simple. I am more familiar with the EEGS funnel.
Answer: I think this is an F-22 HUD. I don't know this particular HUD, but I can make some educated guesses:

everything is radar based, a computer attempts to track any object in the radar's view
the circle means it is an acquired target, which means the computer is satisfied that it has tracked the target successfully and knows its position relative to ownship
IN LAR means "in launch acceptable range", that means that if a missile is launched, it might hit the target
the "x" probably means the currently selected target; in other words, if a missile is fired, it will target the circled object; it could also simply mean that the target is in range
the tick mark inside the circle is probably the radial velocity of the target; in this case the target is moving away from ownship at a moderate rate
the tick mark outside the circle is probably the relative aspect to target, but it might also be some kind of velocity indicator
the other notations have nothing to do with the target
Comment: Almost everything in this answer (except "IN LAR") is completely wrong.
Comment: How does the Navy HUD end up in an F-22?
Comment: @jjack Nothing on this screen is cued by an optical sensor. The US uses three types of air-to-air missiles AIM-7, -9 and -120. All three are radar cued. The AIM-9 has an infrared seeker, but that is used only for homing, not target cuing.
Comment: @jjack That is misleading. What they mean is "airborne" targets, like balloons, helicopters, and other slow moving stuff that can downed with guns. To a jet such targets are similar to other helpless ground targets. Optical pods are not used on enemy fighters.
Comment: It's not an F-15 or F-16 HUD?
Comment: No, I am pretty sure it is a Navy HUD and it is not an F-18, so that just leaves one possibility: F-22.
Comment: I would guess an "X" marks a "cannot do". Everything is not radar-based. Modern fighter jets have electro-optical and IR sensors on the aircraft and and the computer has access to the missile seekers, which can be for example IR.
Comment: @jjack That is used for ground targets. It cues bombs, not air-to-air missiles.
Comment: This supposedly does the trick: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litening. Can't see when the picture was taken though.
Comment: It says for ground and air targets.
Comment: Those FLIRs seem to have been around for quite a while though: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infra-red_search_and_track


Whats the difference between setting an APN or leaving it blank

Question: The internet on my lumia 710 is working irrespective of entering an APN or not. So, my question is whether setting an APN has any advantages or speed boost. I mean rather than mobile inquiring the operator for APN, I am telling it myself. So does it make any difference or I should leave the APN blank
Comment: Please, check whether one of the below posts answer your question. If so, please accept it. Thank you!
Comment: @flooooo , The answers below are helpful but i believe more can be added :-)
Comment: Please, see if my answer below now contains enough information for you.
Answer: Normally APN settings should be deployed automatically or rather are not required in the most cases while roaming in your home network because they are set/corrected by the provider on the network side.
But as this is only being done by your provider in the home network you are required to have the correct APN set during roaming in a foreign country's network.
So my advice for you is to check and write out/set the correct APN settings for your provider before you try to use data roaming abroad.
About the question of a performance boost by setting an APN, I can say "no" since the provider just corrects the setting to fit the default APN - so there's no difference in performance to be awaited.
Edit: In the German O2 support forum I read an information from an O2 employee saying the following (I translated the essential information for you):

If a wrong or none APN is set this erroneous configuration is
  corrected by the provider on the network side to match the default
  one. When you're abroad this does not work and you have to set them
  manually.

Here is the link (in German): http://hilfe.o2online.de/t5/iPhone/Warum-wird-der-APN-quot-internet-quot-in-den-offiziellen/m-p/58318#M4344
(This topic covered a difference between the two available APNs available in the O2 network and the difference between those two but I don't think this would change the answer.)
Comment: So in essence setting an APN won't help in any speed or performance. Actually I had the notion if we set the APN ourself then we might save the time for detecting it from server.
Comment: And yes, thanks for digging and finding the information :-)
Answer: I really don't know much about actual APN settings, but if it works, it works. I won't worry about it. When in doubt, you can always ask your mobile operator for more information.


Binary Converter to Decimal with .NET

Question: I'm started to get the hang of some programming basics but I'm still very new and inexperienced. I am having trouble with a new program I am coding.
I want to have a program in which an 8-bit binary number is put in a textbox, a button is pressed, and the decimal value of the binary number is shown.
Below is the code i have tried:
Public Class Form1

Private Sub btnConvert_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnConvert.Click

    Dim N As Integer
    N = Convert.ToDouble(tbxBin.Text)
    N = N Mod 2
    N = N \ 2
    lblAns.Text = Convert.ToString(N)

End Sub
End Class

Sadly, when I run the program I only get a decimal number of 0 no matter what binary code I put in. I'm very confused because I was told the use Mod class. When I look online for a solution to my problem, I see techniques and various coding processes I've never seen before.
Apparently with my code, I have to repeat what I typed for as many bits as the user is typing in, however, I'm confused as to how I go about that. Do I Dim new variables?
Any and all help is greatly appreciated. Thank you.
Comment: Did you do any research before posting? http://www.vb-helper.com/howto_net_binary_to_text.html
Answer: Edit: See below for going the other way!! I misread.
Binary to Decimal:
Public Function ConvertFromBinary(ByVal input As String) As Integer
    Dim ret As Integer = 0
    Dim splitInput As Char() = input.ToCharArray
    Dim modifier As Integer = 1
    For i As Integer = splitInput.Length - 1 To 0 Step -1
        Dim thisChar As Integer = Val(splitInput(i))
        If thisChar = 1 Then
            ret += thisChar * modifier
        End If
        modifier *= 2
    Next

    Return ret
End Function

...And back again:
Easy answer?
Convert.ToString(input, 2)

Since that's no fun, however:
Public Function ConvertToBinary(ByVal input As Integer) As String

    Dim ret As String = ""

    While input > 0
        ret &= input Mod 2
        input = input \ 2
    End While

    Return StrReverse(ret)
End Function

Comment: Didn't the OP want to go from text ("1001100") to a number?
Answer: The hard way
Private Sub btnConvert_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnConvert.Click
    Dim pwrOf2 As Integer = 0
    Dim ans As Long = 0L
    'first check if the user input a number
    If Long.TryParse(tbxBin.Text, Nothing) Then
        'then look at each char in reverse
        For Each n As Char In tbxBin.Text.Reverse
            Select Case n
                Case Is = "0"c
                Case Is = "1"c
                    ans += 1L << pwrOf2
                Case Else
                    'error - input not in binary, only 1's and 0's
                    Stop
            End Select
            pwrOf2 += 1
        Next
        lblAns.Text = ans.ToString("n0")
    Else
        'not a number
    End If
End Sub

Answer: just a suggestion, start by making a function like this:
    Public Function Bin_To_Dec(ByVal Bin As String)
        Dim dec As Double = Nothing
        Dim length As Integer = Len(Bin)
        Dim temp As Integer = Nothing
        Dim x As Integer = Nothing

        For x = 1 To length
            temp = Val(Mid(Bin, length, 1))
            length = length - 1
            If temp <> "0" Then
                dec += (2 ^ (x - 1))
            End If
        Next

        Return dec
    End Function

then call it with this:
txtZ.Text = Bin_To_Dec(txtX.Text)

Answer: first convert to an array of integer then convert that to binary see the code below
        public static Byte[] SerializeDecimal(Decimal decimalValue)
    {
        Int32[] arraydDecimalToInt32 = Decimal.GetBits(decimalValue); ;
        Byte[] byteData = new byte[sizeof(Int32) * arraydDecimalToInt32.Length];

        for (Int32 index2 = 0; index2 < arraydDecimalToInt32.Length; index2++)
        {
            Array.Copy(BitConverter.GetBytes(arraydDecimalToInt32[index2]), 0, byteData, index2 * sizeof(Int32), sizeof(Int32));
        }
        return byteData;
    }
    public static Decimal DeserializeDecimal(  Byte[] data)
    {
        Int32[] parts = new Int32[4];
        for (Int32 index = 0; index < 4; index++)
        {
            parts[index] = BitConverter.ToInt32(data, index*4);
        }
        bool sign = (parts[3] & 0x80000000) != 0;
        byte scale = (byte)((parts[3] >> 16) & 0x7F);
        return new Decimal(parts[0], parts[1], parts[2], sign, scale);
        //See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.decimal.getbits(v=vs.110).aspx
    }

Comment: That's very strange looking VB.NET ;)
Answer: Sub Main()

    Dim binarystring As String
    Dim bitvalue As Integer
    Dim denaryvalue As Integer = 0
    Dim bit As String
    Dim i As Integer
    Console.WriteLine("Enter the binary string")
    binarystring = Console.ReadLine
    Dim lenstring As Integer = Len(binarystring)
    For i = 1 To Len(binarystring)
        bit = Mid(binarystring, i, 1)
        bitvalue = Int(bit)
        denaryvalue = 2 ^ (lenstring - i) * bitvalue + denaryvalue
    Next
    Console.WriteLine(denaryvalue)
    Console.ReadLine()

End Sub

Binary Converter to Decimal with .NET


Zoom in like Mac does

Question: Looking at the keyboard shortcuts, there is a zoom in and out but when I hit the keys specified, nothing happens. Do I have to install an app for these to work?
Answer: Are you looking at the Super++ and Super+- keyboard shortcuts? These allow you to zoom the text size in a specific application. (On macOS, zooming in the browser, Terminal, etc. works similarly.)
If you're looking to scale all text on the screen, there's an option to do that in System Settings --> Universal Access.
If you're looking more for something like the "zoom content on the screen" feature in macOS, you could try an app such as xzoom.
Comment: In browser I'd recommend Super+mouse wheel and Super+0 to reset to default settings.
Comment: I am not talking about browser. On my mac I could hold the command key and scroll and it would zoom in to where my cursor is
Comment: That feature doesn't come with elementary, but xzoom provides something very similar.

Zoom in like Mac does


Can Exchange 2010 Re-Route Outbound Messages Based On X-Header?

Question: I'd like to know if it's possible to configure Exchange 2010 to read x-headers from an outbound message (say, firstname.lastname@example.com to email@example.com) and then re-direct the message to an alternate smarthost if the x-header is present. Does anyone know if this can be done?
Comment: in exchange 2003 if I recall this was possible by scripting an outbound filter and applying it via the admin console, I used to have this occur to apply legal disclaimers for all outbound mail. I can't say for sure with EX2010 as I do not have a deploy to experiment upon.
Answer: This can not be done out of the box.
However it can be done with several third party extensions or you can write a custom transport agent if you have .net experience.
Sample Code::How to control routing from your own routing agent
Answer: No - at least not as you're describing it.
In ESM, look at your Organization Configuration | Hub Transport | Transport Rules. One of the Conditions you can configure is when the message header contains specific words. If you look at the Actions step of the wizard, you can fiddle with the message itself - adding recipients or putting a legal disclaimer in the body. What isn't there is anything that can directly change the message's routing.
There are third-party products that will choose a smarthost based on sender - but a quick search doesn't seem to turn up anything that works on a message header.


What are the pros and cons of a glycerin based personal lubricant?

Question: Personal lubricants are often used during sexual activity to decrease friction.  Many have the label 'glycerin based'.  What should be considered before choosing a glycerin based personal lubricant?
Comment: This is a pretty broad question. I'm guessing you are asking about potential allergic reactions, but I could imagine someone asking about disease and pregnancy protection in this context. (I assume _you_ know better, but people finding this question via Google might not.) Could you narrow the question down?
Comment: Yes, there are some specific considerations. I can read about them on Wikipedia and elsewhere. But what are _you specifically asking about_?
Comment: I found a broad strokes answer relatively easy to write, and I don't necessarily think this question requires a high degree of specificity in being asked, especially since the use of a personal lubricant may have several different simultaneous concerns that must be considered.
Comment: @JonEricson actually there are some pretty significant considerations that are not broad. And very worthy of mention, possibly the question should be narrowed to females, but I don't think there is anything else worthy of mention.
Answer: Disclaimer: Some of the sources in this post should likely be considered "Not Safe for Work".
Glycerine-based lubricants, which are likely the most common form of water-based lubricants on the market (consider, for example, Astroglide or K-Y) have a number of positive properties to them (when compared to silicon or oil-based lubricants):

They are safe for use with latex-based condoms. Oil-based lubricants can have negative impacts on both slippage and breakage of condoms, which is of course a bit of a problem, as presumably that condom is meant for either pregnancy prevention or disease prevention, both of which rely on an intact and in-place condom.
Similarly, they are safe for use with toys of various sorts. Some silicone-based lubricants can interact with silicon-based toys.
Because they are water based, they are relatively easy to clean.

There are also a number of drawbacks, compared to alternatives:

As they are water based, they can become tacky over time, and when used in water, may wash off, resulting in an essentially unlubricated surface (water has this same effect on vaginal secretions).
There is some suggestion that these products are associated with an increased risk of yeast infections when used vaginally, but at least one study did not find such an effect.
There has been some noted damage to cellular tissue from the use of some lubricants, as they may be hyperosmotic compared to the tissue they're coming into contact with. This has been shown in some animal models and human studies, and may not be as much of a problem in some silicon-based lubricants.


Why does my mouse's LED not turn off when I shut down the PC?

Question: Why doesn't my optical mouse's red LED turn off after I shut down my PC?
Comment: It's scared of the dark ;-)
Comment: Because it is still powered. Your computer, when shut down, does not shut down power *completely*.
Comment: should i always switch off surge protector to get rid of that light?? Or is there any other way??
Comment: Does it really annoy you? You should be able to change that in BIOS, but I have no clue how exactly.
Comment: The answers are assuming that this is a wired mouse. But is that the case? Is this a wireless mouse, or one with a USB cable?
Comment: @Kaz  Wired. I have only wired mice... :)
Answer: The optical mouse's LED stays on because the mouse itself is still being powered.
Just because the computer is turned off it doesn't necessarily mean the USB power is turned off.  This is done so that the Power key on some keyboards can be used to turn the computer on.
And why does it stay red?  Simple.  It is red.  Why does the grass stay green...?
Comment: @Shinrai, unless, of course, you're interested in not wasting energy -- the amount we waste on ambient computer and electronic equipment really adds up.
Comment: I would add that it's OKAY.  Don't bother shutting off the mains power or anything like that.
Comment: @thursdaysgeek - True, of course (although sufficiently modern stuff draws next to nothing, every little bit helps).  My point is that it's not a bad thing in the context of your equipment.
Comment: @Shinrai, I agree with your original point: it does no harm. However I've read that the little bit of energy used on the sleeping computer, the laptop, the DVD player, the TV, and all those other electronics is actually adding up to a huge power drain that can be noticeable in even a single household. Perhaps most of us don't have sufficiently modern stuff, and many don't turn their electronics off at all. I have coins on the lights on the keyboard for my (turned-off) computer because the light it generates at night is enough to light up the room. (Guess I should turn it off at the strip!)
Answer: Your laptop or PC might have a USB port that supplies power(to charge phones or power devices like a battery bank) to it even though the system is off
Answer: I know this question is old, but if someone else(like me for the past few weeks) is looking for a solution to this problem, maybe he/she finds this helpful.
The following solution worked in my case (credits go to Reddit user /u/zelloxy) :
"Start command prompt. Type powercfg -devicequery wake_armed. Enter powercfg -devicedisablewake <deviceName>. If that does not solve it try the next one. In my case, my mouse was typed as a keyboard even though it was a mouse. At last it worked."
Comment: Just tried this because this might be the right solution. Great to have the command line commands, very fast and easier than digging through obscure menus.
Answer: A lot of computers these days leave power to the usb devices. This is one way for the computer to know it needs to wake up.
Two, there is no standard on how much power is necessary to determine that the device be "lit". For example, on my USB ports, if I plug in speakers that power themselves through USB, the speaker power light stays on when my computer goes to sleep.
If I plug in a Logitech MX Revolution to that port, it stays off.  If I plug my wireless keyboard into that front port, the receiver's LED flashes . . .
By definition, this is insanity and thus there is little reason to believe there is an actual deliberate pattern.
Answer: The LED is able to stay on because the mouse is powered, yes. But that's not a good answer why it is on. After all, the mouse can't be used when the computer is powered off. The LED being on provides no benefit, and can be a nuisance at night.
The mouse is a little computer in itself. It contains a little microcontroller which coordinates all of its functions, including USB communication with the host.
So the mouse should be able to notice that it has not been polled by the host for some time, and shut down the LED. (There may even be other ways in the USB protocol to infer that the host is down.)
This feature could have diagnostic value also. The LED being on would confirm that the host is interacting with the mouse, not only providing power. (A really useful behavior would be, when the mouse is powered up, to flash the LED several times to indicate "I have power and have started up!" and then turn it off if there is no communication with a host.)
So in other words your mouse isn't sophisticated enough to implement the behavior of shutting down the LED when it's not in use.
Answer: All you need to do is change the setting in the BIOS, under USB devices change the idle (different on every motherboard) power settings to disabled. It is typically a feature of higher end motherboards.
Answer: It stays on because there is still power in the system.
Even if you unplug it from the wall it will still take a minute because your PC has power in it, most probably stored in the power supply capacitors. To drain it repeatedly press the power button.
However this isn't important because it does no harm but if you want to turn it off go find the relevant setting in the BIOS.
Comment: This just repeats information in other answers.  As a Q&A knowledge base, the intention is that each answer provide something substantially different from what has already been contributed.
Answer: Those answers are bad and quite insulting.
He is clearly not asking why the light is red, or any technical details about how a mouse stays on, because it is being powered.
It is blatantly obvious, that what he is asking, is why his laptop (or OS), keeps powering his mouse, when he turns it off.
It is not relevant, if it really bothers him that much. It clearly shouldn't be on, when the computer is off.
There are several reasons, why some computers leave usb devices on, even though the computer is shut down. One reason is, so that you can power on the computer, via USB devices, such as by pressing a key on the keyboard. Another is, that you can keep charging devices, such as your phone/tablet, while the computer is off.
For my stationary, I was able to adjust this setting in the bios. For my laptop, I still haven't figured out how to change it. It stays on, even when the laptop is on battery. Obviously I don't want my mouse to be consuming the battery, while the computer is off.
Comment: remove your comment from your answer and ill reverse my downvote.
Answer: I have ran across this problem in other people's computers and have come to this one simple conclusion.
The problem doesn't reside in your computer, but rather in the mouse. I have found that changing out the USB mouse fixes this.
I like to refer to this problem as "Mouse Insomnia".
~Avalanche5150~


Can I keep apple appstore revenue with apple for longer time?

Question: I would like to know weather I can keep my appstore revenue with apple and withdraw whenever I like..?
Answer: Yes, you will not lose the revenue from not withdrawing it. It will stay against your account as long as your account remains active.
Comment: Mitch, I have a couple of apps in appstore, apple sends the full money every month..how to tell them to send only a part of it and keep the rest with them..?


get icloud password from activated device

Question: Here is the story ..
My friend bought an iphone 5S ..
Later he found that it's linked to icloud account and it wasn't verified ..
So, he asked me to help him remove the account .. And i couldn't ..
So, i told him that there is nothing i can do for him and he should use the device in this condition till someone find a solution ..
Next day i met him .. And his iphone has no icloud !!
He told me that he found a guy in a mobile shop who did it for him ..
That guy didn't just removed the account .. He also gave it's password to my friend !!
And i've tested the account myself .. !!
My friend also told me that he did it in just 15 min .. !!
I know you can extract account password from an encrypted backup ..
But it's not that simple .. And not everyone can do it !!
So, have someone here knows about getting icloud password from activated device ..
Or can explain what that dude did to my friend's iphone ??
Thx in advance.
Answer: Even if what you're suggesting were possible, it shouldn't be allowed for discussion here because it has the potential to circumvent a trusted security feature.


Explanation of covalent bond from physics point of view?

Question: We can explain ionic bond as the force between charged particles due to Coulomb electrostatic law. This got me wondering how is then covalent bond explained purely in terms of physics?
Comment: Possible duplicate of [What gives covalent bond its strength?](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/372322/what-gives-covalent-bond-its-strength)
Comment: why the deselection?
Comment: @StéphaneRollandin I think my question is different because it questions the existence of a covalent bond given the law of physics (i.e. coulombs law) because it wasn't apparent to me (unlike the ionic bond). I am satisfied with the answer presented.
Answer: Covalent bonding is a quantum-mechanical phenomenon that can't be explained classically. The basic idea can be demonstrated in the case of a hydrogen molecule if you think of the electrons as two particles in a box. By joining the two hydrogen atoms together into a molecule, you make the "box" twice as long. Let's pretend that this is a rectangular box. Lengthening the cubical box into a $2\times 1 \times 1$ box makes the wavelength along the long axis twice as big. By the de Broglie relation $p=h/\lambda$, this reduces the momentum in that direction by a factor of $2$, which makes the associated kinetic energy $1/4$ as much. The lowered energy makes the system more stable. To pull it apart, you would need to add energy.
Answer: Eventually, every kind of bond in condensed matter is reducible to electrostatics. Covalent bond, ionic bond, van der Waals forces, metallic interactions and even more sophisticated interactions like the phonon-mediated electron-electron attraction in a superconductor, are all reducible to purely electrostatic interactions between electrons and nuclei.
What ensures the observed variety of behaviors is the fact that at least one component of the matter does not behave like classical particles but QM is required, in addition to the introduction of effective interactions between a reduced number of degrees of freedom.
Comment: This doesn't provide an explanation of covalent bonding. *every kind of bond in condensed matter is reducible to electrostatics* The OP didn't ask specifically about condensed matter, as opposed to, e.g., H2 gas. And I don't think it's true at all to say that such bonds are always "reducible to electrostatics." Polarization effects are in general dynamical. And I don't see how you can say that the 2.8 eV binding energy of the H2+ ion is "reducible to electrostatics." There is clearly a net repulsion in this case if you only consider electrostatics.


What are some uses for Monte Carlo simulations in mathematics?

Question: I've recently been interested in Monte Carlo simulations and their uses, unfortunately most of the examples I find are difficult to understand for a beginner. What are some simple examples of using Monte Carlo simulations used to solve math problems? Bonus points for showing a simple example and using it to understand a more complex one.
Comment: I posted an answer to [a different question](http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/297/simple-numerical-methods-for-calculating-the-digits-of-pi/372#372) that may be interesting to you, it discusses a simple Monte Carlo approximation of pi.  CW?
Comment: You can see a description in the Wikipedia on how the Buffon's needle[1] experiment is related with $\pi$ and a link to "Estimating PI Visualization (Flash)[2]".
[1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffon%27s_needle
[2]: http://www.metablake.com/pi.swf
Comment: One should, BTW, distinguish between Monte Carlo algorithms, which can only compute approximations, and Las Vegas algorithms which, even with the "random" component of the algorithm, *gives* an exact answer.
Answer: Monte Carlo methods are very useful in numerically evaluating high-dimensional integrals. With traditional integration methods, the number of integrand evaluations required to maintain accuracy grows quickly as dimension increases.  With Monte Carlo integration, the number of integrand evaluations needed is independent of dimension.  For many high-dimensional integrals, Monte Carlo methods are the only practical choice.
Comment: Probably a bit inaccurate to say "only practical choice"; "quasi-Monte Carlo" methods (i.e. using more "deterministic" sequences like the Niederreiter or Sobol sequences instead of a PRNG) can sometimes give better results than Monte Carlo proper.
Comment: True. I was implicitly including quasi-Monte Carlo with Monte Carlo.  An interesting variation is randomized QMC, randomly shifting QMC sequences to get more accuracy on some problems than either MC or QMC separately.
Comment: Indeed, all different variations of sampling n-space as sparsely as one can get while still getting usable answers.
Answer: Monte Carlo methods are used extensively in financial mathematics for the pricing of complex or "exotic" financial derivatives.  With equity options, for example, the value of the stocks in the option contract is simulated using a stochastic process and parameters that can be observed or derived from other financial instruments.  This process is computationally very intensive resulting in many investment banks having server farms of tens of thousands of machines dedicated to the pricing and risk management of derivatives.
Answer: Tangential to John D. Cook's reply, and also somewhat related: Monte Carlo also finds application in the solution of (partial, stochastic) differential equations, of which cubature (nobody ever uses MC in the one-dimensional case practically ;) ) is but a specialized case. As already mentioned by John, the pain dealt by the "curse of dimensionality" stings less with Monte Carlo.
Answer: EDIT: a previous comment posted the same answer, I just noticed
You could use montecarlo method to approximate $\pi$.
You basically define a square of side length 2 and inscribe a circle of radius 1 in it. Let the center of the circle be at the origin.
Use a random number generator to pick an x-coordinate between 0 and 1 and a y-coordinate between 0 and 1.
number of pts in the circle / number of pts in square ~ $\frac{\pi}{/4}$
This is the simplest example of a monte carlo code I know and I think it is probably the standard example.


Ruby: is it acceptable to put more than one class in a file?

Question: This might be a bit of an esoteric question, but I just want to know what best practices are on this issue.
Answer: Yes, it is generally acceptable because it doesn't violate any principles of the Ruby language itself but it ultimately depends on the practices of your target audience or framework.  (For example, Rails likes your classes to be one-per-file.)
However, if you are grouping classes with related functionality into a single file then you should also consider making them part of the same module for a namespace.
Answer: Personally, I tend to avoid that for large classes for purely organisational reasons - it is easier to navigate large classes when they are separated. However, if classes are small, related (e.g. all exceptions in one file rather than in a bunch of them) or meta-generated (e.g. with eval), then yes - they are in one file.
It depends on what kind of application you are developing and how you want your code to be structured so that it is easy to understand, document and modify.
Ruby itself does not care much about it, you can have your entire app in a single file, if you want. Rails on the contrary - due to magic loading of files based on class names.
Comment: " or meta-generated (e.g. with eval) " - that's a huge codesmell
Answer: Generally it is best practice to keep them in separate files that include the class name in the file name. This keeps your project better oragnized and makes it easier for someone else to navigate your structure.


How close to P1dB can I go?

Question: I'm trying to decide on a safe input power to a power amplifier. The amplifier in question is SE5004L. The datasheet specifies that the amplifier output 1-dB compression point has a minimum value of 30dBm and a typical value of 34dBm. The small-signal gain is 32dBm. Without making any further adjustments in my design, the input power to it would be -1dBm, putting the output power at about 31dBm. However, this is close to the 1-dB compression point and the datasheet specifies a 26dBm output power at 3% EVM. I have a 6dB attenuator that I can use, which would bring the output power about to the typical range in the datasheet. I'd like to get as much output power as possible, but not if it significantly distorts my signal. Is it generally ok to operate near the 1-dB compression point, or is it better to stay 5-10dBm below? This is for a FMCW radar operating at around 6GHz.
Comment: The answer on compression and rise in THD demands a design analysis of how harmonics create false images at 2x or 3 x the distance in the mixed baseband result from an increase  in baseband noise.
Comment: Is your transmitter output JUST A SINE WAVE? no modulation, other than the FMSweep?
Comment: @analogsystemsrf yeah that's right, no modulation, just a delay between each burst. The waveform is a sawtooth ramp in the frequency domain, 5.3GHz to 5.9GHz over 1ms, delay of 2ms, then repeat.
Answer: It all depends on how much distortion you can tolerate, and any other side effects that may occur when saturating the amplifier (harmonics, etc.). You might be fine running several dB over the P1dB point. Or maybe you need to stay several dB below. You might just need to experiment. If your FMCW radar can tolerate some distortion, then you might be able to hit it pretty hard. On the other hand, if you're using a digital modulation like high order QAM, you might need to stay well below the P1dB point.

How close to P1dB can I go?


Realistic aquarium water?

Question: Does anyone have any idea on how I can create a realistic shader to emulate clear water? I am struggling because while clear water looks clear it also tends to change the color temperature of the water and there still tends to be a small amount of fine debris in the water. If anyone has any tips that would be great, I am using cycles rendering engine!
(I can share the file with anyone if you want to get a better idea)
Comment: Please do share blend file trough http://blend-exchange.giantcowfilms.com/ and some images of effect you want to achieve.
Comment: I think the top picture here looks really nice as is I would recommend were the water is flowing down from the filter to have a slight particle effect underneth to simulate some air bubbles getting mixed downward from the water hitting the surface. and ps but thoughs rocks are spot on good Job.
Answer: Let's start with the water, then we'll talk about mixing in the particles.
Water
It's typical to use the glass shader for water.  This gives you the transparency, reflection, and refraction needed, but has some issues.  First, it renders too dark and too noisy, and second, setting the color ends up looking too uniform (I guess that's how I'd describe it...).
Fast Glass
To fix the first problem, I suggest using a "fast glass" shader.  It's the regular glass shader, but we make it fully transparent to any rays that we don't care about by mixing it with a transparent shader using only a few light paths as our factor.  We only want it to look like the glass shader to shadow, diffuse, and glossy rays.  This will render much faster since the water will now be invisible to any other rays (basically, invisible to most rays).
Admittedly, I don't fully understand this technique, but it has something to do with refraction being time consuming to calculate.
Colored Glass/Water
Now for color.  If you look at water, it's color gets darker as you look at deeper water.  This is because the water is absorbing light as it passes through.  This is what the volume absorption shader was made for.  Plug one into the volume input of your material output and pick a color and a density to see the light get absorbed and colored more in deeper areas than in thinner ones.
There are a few "gotchas" with the cycles volumetrics at the moment.  First, they don't work on AMD GPUs.  I think (but am not certain) that they finally work on Nvidia GPUs, and they should work on all CPUs now.  Also, they're computationally expensive, so they increase render time noticeably.  If you need to speed up renders and can't bear to cut volumetrics, google for tutorials on how to fake them.  There are a couple of good workarounds out there.
Particulate
As for the particles, you can mix your water with your particles' material using a noise texture as the factor.  Running the texture through a greater/less than node allows you to select out just some of the noise.  You'll have more control, however, if you run it through a color ramp node instead.  Basically, sliding the black level up will choose your particle density just like a greater/less than node's factor and sliding the white level closer to the black level will control how fuzzy the particles are which is something you can't do with a greater/less than node.
The only issue with this technique is that I'm not sure if the particles are distributed throughout the water, or if they're just stuck on the surface.
Demo!
Here's a screenshot of all three techniques in action!

UPDATE: Particle System
The factor mixing from above can never cause particles to show up inside a mesh in a render that uses surface rendering.  Blender and Cycles would expect you to do that by adding a particle system to the mesh.  See below for a quick one.
Comment: Check my answer here, procedural particles are possible ;) https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/77215/suspended-particles-inside-a-material-procedural/77548#77548
Comment: Hey guys, I just wanted to thank you for all of this help. I am blown away by how this community is willing to help people like me who are just getting into 3D models/renders. Cheers!
Comment: Ok, I've confirmed that the particles are just on the surface and are not distributed throughout the water.  This is because Cycles uses surface rendering.  If you want particles distributed throughout the water, you'll need to define a simple particle system on the water object.  I'm hoping the image I've added to the post is detailed enough to show the basics.
Comment: @LukeD: I like using volumetrics for this.  Keep in mind, however, that volumetrics is limited vs particle systems in that the material can only be composed of volume absorption and/or volume scatter shaders.  So you should switch to particle systems in cases where you need reflective, refractive, etc. particles such as bubbles.

Realistic aquarium water?


Injured reserve or waiver wire then injured reserve

Question: why would a team place a player on waivers and then IR as opposed to placing him directly on IR
Answer: According to this article:

Waived/Injured: When a team waives an injured player any other team may claim him. If a player clears waivers the player is immediately reverted to IR or the team will negotiate an injury settlement to allow the player to pursue other opportunities with another club.
Injury settlement: Instead of putting the waived/injured player on the IR for the rest of the season a team will negotiate an injury settlement if the player has a chance of returning from the injury in that season. Once a settlement is reached that player is released and free to pursue another team. The amount of the settlement is based upon the number of weeks the player is "estimated" to be unable to play. This comes in the form of a team doctor's opinion and a second opinion doctor of the player. For example if a player is estimated by the team doctor to be out 5 weeks but the second opinion doctor believes it could take up to 8 weeks, the agent will seek to have the player paid for as close to the 8 weeks as possible, 8/17th's of his total year's salary.

So basically, they put them on waivers to see if any other team would want to claim them, take a chance on an injured player, etc.  If not they keep them on the IR or reach a settlement.
Comment: Also, I believe this is the only way to get to an injury settlement; likely, that's the only reason you'd do this (since you can directly IR someone otherwise).  The reason for having the IR option is, likely, to allow the team an out if they can't come to a settlement.


Website, there are two top float will be strange, is there any other examples?

Question:
On our website we have two header rows that float. Is this strange? Will it cause UX issues? Are there other examples of this?
And,why is this kind of interaction is very common on the mobile phone?
Comment: It is all depends on the what the project is for. Here are some of the examples who follow the pattern which you have uploaded
www.housing.com
www.compass.com
http://aspacerealty.com/
Comment: The grey and white bar at the top?
Comment: @DarrylGodden Yes, floating and fixed.
Comment: @JasminJavia thx.
Answer: i assume that when you say "float" you mean fixed headers. If so, you have to see it from user's perspective: while you know there are 2 fixed elements on top, they will see only one. And as such, it wouldn't be different to any other site with fixed header.
HOWEVER, it looks to me your second fixed element relates to the graph below, and has no relation with the main header. If so, try adding a visible separation between elements and make that header with the controls be part of the container with the graph, otherwise it will be really confusing.
Remember that when you build a layout, you have different dimensions, where the body is dimension 0, and elements are applied with a certain z-index (for example, the z-index you use to build the fixed header). Try playing around with options, how natural (or unnatural) it feels, see which element belongs to each one and group accordingly, the build a prototype and test with real users. Adjust as needed, and you'll have it
Disclaimer: Please keep in mind I don't understand the language in your capture and there's some missing information, so I might be completely off base
EDIT: I answered from an iPad, now that I have access to my computer, you can see a graphical example on how should you treat the different dimensional spaces on your layout, including the z-indexes and basic interaction of controlled elements.
Just in case, each element has a given z-index, and the x in <code>[element]+x</code> is any number equal or greater than 0

Answer: What you are displaying in your edited image is a Title on an App bar.
An App bar has app related buttons, such as search, sidebar and the actual Page title, buttons, etc. The App bar can have expanded height an display the Title in a second line.

The title in the app bar reflects the current page. It can be an app title, page title, or a page filter.

Source: Material design - Structure

(single line & expanded height)
In the cases you give the Title is displaying in a different div. This is just a matter of styling, but the idea is to display the app name and app related actions in a div and the actual page Title and buttons in a secondary div. I find no problem in displaying it this way, as long as the secondary div is understood as part of the App bar and not as part of the content.
Answer: Thanks for your answer to my comments. The question, in my opinion, is not whether they are "strange" but whether the functionality they offer is relevant to the application and in that respect, are they relevant across the whole of the application, as it appears the accomodate a space where a user would consider the feature to be peristent.
I can't read the language, but if you can verify with yourself that the functionality is required and is relevant to the user and requires to be changed at any point, then it is a valid layout.
If a user would only change the values occasionally, you may have to ask yourself whether an expanding menu allowing users to update the values in the top bars would be more appropriate, this would come with the additional advantage of recovering the real-estate in what can often be prime spave in applications.


Problem PC stopped seeing S4

Question: My S4 has suddenly stopped to connect to any computer. I tried with 3 different cables and 2 PC's with win7. I can't see it as a hard-drive. I can't see it in the device manager either (should I)?
Any help would be welcome.
Many thanks!
Comment: What about connecting with Kies? Does that work?
Answer: Uninstall the drivers from Samsung and download and install then again on your PC this seems to be an driver problem. If this not resolve your problem come back and I can suggest other options.
Does your phone recharge when plugged in?
Any sound on your PC when you connect or any notification on your phone about being connected via USB?
Answer: Thank you for your answer.
The phone is charging and there is a beep when I connect it to the pc. I tried to connect it to other pc's where no Android were ever connected and I couldn't see it ether. Tried to reinstall the driver but nothing yet.

Problem PC stopped seeing S4


Tracking Company Buybacks

Question: According to Investopedia, "[c]ompanies [can] buy back shares on the open market over an extended period of time and may even have an outlined share repurchase program that purchases shares at certain times or at regular intervals." Assuming the company doesn't voluntarily outline a policy, is there any way to differentiate fluctuations in stock price that are the result of buybacks from those that occur naturally due to public demand? I'm mostly interested in major public markets in the US.
Answer: When companies announce buybacks, they do so in broad terms, authorizing a number of shares or dollar amount over a given period of time.  Along with that is there's usually a nebulous statement along the lines of 'the company is given broad discretion to enter into transactions on the open market or in private transactions, etc.".
There are some SEC forms that reflect the details of an announced buyback (announcement and expiration date, dollar amount approved by the BOD, etc.).
There are also reporting requirements that must be filed regarding purchases made during each month of the preceding quarter.  This info includes number of shares purchased, average price, number of shares yet to be purchased,
There are newsletters and web sites that keep track of the details of announced buy backs but because of the above, it's impossible to nail down the details of transactions when they occur.
FWIW, the SEC did a one year study of buybacks and found that they lead to about a 3%  jump in share in the month after  the announcement.  They also observed that in the week after a buyback announcement, five times as much stock (in dollars) was sold by corporate execs than in the week before the announcement.  Conflict of interest?
Answer: I don't think you'll find any data that closely relates stock buybacks and the stock price. But you should be able to find the number of outstanding shares on a quarterly basis and you can relate that number to the stock price.
However, due to the enormous number of outstanding shares in most companies the day to day activity and news will have a much larger impact on the stock price than the buybacks. So to see a general trend you would have to essentially determine exactly what the stock price should be without the buybacks depending on the financials and the news (in short, be better at valuating companies than Warren Buffett), and then see the impact the buybacks have.
So in short, see Bob Baerker's answer and rely on the SEC study.
Answer: If a company decides to buy back own stocks it has to be terminated at the annual stockholder meeting, which is public. So if a company has the permission to buy back own stocks it isn't a secrete.
Usually, when the company announces this decision, it also announces a price-limit or -range, so if you observe huge buys in a certain region, you might conclude that they aren't caused by the company itself, when the price is out of the mentioned range.
If the buys happen within the range I don't see a chance to decide whether the buyer is the company itself or another big investor without any further information (But I'm curious if someone has additional information).

Tracking Company Buybacks


Figma PDF export order

Question: When I use the Export frames to PDF, I cannot find the way to order the frames as wanted. They seem to be exported in the order they were created. Any idea on how to change that?
Answer: I am sorry I did not get what exactly you are asking, but within the PDF file, each frame will be on its own page, ordered according to its position in Figma, from top-left working down to bottom right.

You can select all the artboards with having a numerical order i.e. 1, 2, 3 and so on, and export it to pdf in a specified selected folder/ separate new folder.
And then merge them/ combine them.

There are many online websites that allow you to merge pdf easily. You can use this one too to do the same.
Please see the screenshot below

Then merge it
Comment: I want to use the `File/export Frames to PDF` option, not the `Export` button at the bottom right side. But anyway, I can sort my frame in the correct order by placing them as you explain :  from top-left working down to bottom right. Thanks!
Comment: Your Welcome! and Welcome to SEGD community :)

Figma PDF export order


How we can monitor users activity on SharePoint online without external analytics?

Question: How can we monitor users activity on SharePoint online pages, such as watching a video or viewing PowerPoint or pdf or reading content on pages and also times that users stay in specific page? I want to do this without any external analytics ?
Comment: Have you solved this issue? Please remember to accept the helpful answer if you resolve this issue.
Answer: Using Microsoft 365 Reports in the admin center, you will be able to get different kind report.
User with admin permission can see this report.
Below are the steps to check the report.

In the admin center, go to the Reports > Usage page.
Click the View more button from the at-a-glance activity card for a
service (such as email or OneDrive) to see the report detail page.
In there different reports for the service are provided in tabs.

Refer this Microsoft docs for more details.

Sort video on O365 report
Answer: In addition, you could go to Microsoft 365 admin center -> Microsoft 365 compliance -> Audit -> Check Audit logs.


How to remove 404 error in admin panel after uploading module in running website in magento1.9?

Question: Hello everyone i uploaded live chat module in my running website.But after uploading i get 404 error in live chat module.i tried many ways to remove it like flush cache,logout and login again.but still it appear. what should i do for this??
plz help me
Comment: check error in var/log folder
Comment: check the compiler it enabled ?
Comment: can you share extension code otherwise its impossible to know what is the error over there
Comment: Please check magento logs and server logs also check magento compilation is enable or not. That extension compilable to Magento 1.9.
Comment: yes i checked compilation is not enabled.but how to check server logs?
Answer: Are you getting 404 error in your module section in admin? Or its giving error on admin itself? Please try renaming the cache and session folder and also double check if all the files are uploaded correctly.


Has the ECDH protocol been designed just for key exchange or is it widely used for key exchange?

Question: As far as my understanding of the ECDH goes, after systems are encrypted using ECDH protocol, any data that comes out of the first system will be encrypted and can only be decrypted at the receiving end. Literature says that ECDH is used for the purpose of key exchange(when data is encrypted using symmetric encryption methods like AES) but can I not communicate application data via ECDH (regardless of whether or not I'm further encrypting the data at application layer using something like AES-CTR or DES) ?
PS: I'm trying to establish encrypted communication between 2 BLE devices.
Comment: ECDH is a key-agreement protocol. There is no encryption done in ECDH, i.e. the phrase *"systems are encrypted using ECDH protocol"* does not make any sense. I think you confuse this with RSA key exchange where a key is basically determined by the client and transferred to the server encrypted with its public key. ECDH and DH are completely different.
Comment: BLE is a mess of a protocol stack. You need someone who knows BLE to answer this, because generic answers about cryptography, what DH is, what ECDH is, how result of DH is used to generate keys and nonces for AEAD, etc. won't help you find specific answers for BLE. In very general terms, data sent over an encrypted channel is encrypted and protected from tampering using an AEAD (AESGCM, AES-CTR-HMAC-SHA-256, etc). The keys for the AEAD are generated from the shared secret that is the result of a DH operation.
Comment: By systems are encrypted using ECDH I mean that the link is encrypted using ECDH with ECC backend. When I encrypt the peers at the link layer (of BLE) all data that crosses it will be encrpted with the DH Key.
I have a running example where I exchange DH Keys between 2 systems and if I sniff the data packets exchanges post DH Key exchange step , the sniffer is unable to read it while the receiving device correctly decrypts it.
Comment: DH (and ECDH) is an asymmetric cryptography operation in which two sides generate random key pairs, send each other the public key shares over a clear channel and both compute the same secret shared value while an eavesdropper who has a full transcript of the exchange cannot compute the shared secret value. The shared secret value is then used in simple symmetric cryptography. The data is encrypted and protected by symmetric cryptography, the keys were generated using ECDH. Breaking the DH will let an attacker decrypt the data.
Comment: Very likely, you need help with a specific API, not with implementing any of this yourself, and thus if this very general help is not enough to figure out the API, you need help with that specific API. A stackoverflow question for that specific API might help. Search for the library and the functions first.
Answer:
As far as my understanding of the ECDH goes, after systems are encrypted using ECDH protocol

Stop right here, you cannot encrypt data using ECDH. ECDH is an algorithm, not a full fledged transport protocol (or protocol for securing data at rest, for that matter).

Literature says that ECDH is used for the purpose of key exchange(when data is encrypted using symmetric encryption methods like AES) but can I not communicate application data via ECDH

That's correct. The only thing that is required for ECDH is the public key, and - in specific situations - a nonce. The public key of the sender / receiver is send to the other party for key agreement. Anything else is outside of the ECDH algorithm, and you cannot use the public key to encrypt data directly.

PS: I'm trying to establish encrypted communication between 2 BLE devices.

Right, so you need to follow the Bluetooth protocols and ask us crypto specific questions about it, or ask StackOverflow when it comes to implementation specific questions. The IT security site can be asked about things like key management and practical security of the protocol.
If you want to encrypt just a specific message you may need to look at (EC)IES which uses ECDH for message based encryption. Beware that the scheme requires a trusted, static public key though (otherwise you obviously don't know who can decrypt, and you're therefore susceptible to MitM attacks).