How to set bottom padding of the Frontiers of computer science Journal latex template?

Question: I am using the template of Frontiers of computer Science Journal to format my research paper. The template can be found in the link below.
https://journal.hep.com.cn/fcs/EN/column/column11258.shtml
It has some problem with bottom padding of the page, I am using this template as it is. You can see in the image below that bottom is of the page is not correctly padded.

The code of the template is given below:
<code>\documentclass{fcs}
\usepackage{bm}

%% Volumn number
\volumn{ }
%% DOI
\doi{ }
%% Types of papers, can be
%%   RESEARCH~ARTICLE
%%   REVIEW~ARTICLE
%%   EDITORIALS
\articletype{REVIEW~ARTICLE}
%% Copyright notice
\copynote{{\copyright} Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012}
%% Time of receive and acceptance
\ratime{Received month dd, yyyy; accepted month dd, yyyy}
%% Email address of the corresponding author
\email{$\times\times\times\times@\times\times\times.\times\times\times$}
%% Title
\title{$\bm{Frontiers~ of~ Computer~ Science}$\\[2mm] Instruction for authors}
%% Authors
\author{Firstname LASTNAME \xff $^{1,2}$}
%% Addresses of authors
\address{{1\quad Higher Education Press, Beijing 100029, China}\\
{2\quad Acadcmic Journal Division, Beijing 100029, China}}

%% Running head
\markboth{Front. Comput. Sci.}{Firstname LASTNAME: please insert running head here}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\setcounter{page}{1}
\setlength{\baselineskip}{14pt}

\begin{abstract}
A short abstract of up to 300 words written in one
paragraph, clearly indicating the object and scope of the paper as
well as the results achieved, should appear on the first page. It
should be written using the abstract environment.
\end{abstract}

\Keywords{Up to 8 words separated by commas.}

\section{Introduction}

\noindent Frontiers of Computer Science is an international
peer-reviewed academic journal sponsored by the Ministry of
Education of China. The journal is jointly published by Higher
Education Press of China and Springer on a bimonthly basis in
English. Online versions are available through both
http://www.springerlink.com/content/11704 and
http://journal.hep.com.cn/fcs.

The journal publishes primarily research article and review article
by following the peer-review system. At least three reviewers are
requested in the relevant study fields, and review feed-back will
usually take about three months.

Manuscripts submitted to this journal must not be under simultaneous
consideration by any other publisher and should not have been
published elsewhere in substantially similar form. No part of a
paper which has been published by Frontiers of Computer Science may
be reproduced or published elsewhere without the written permission
of the publisher.

The content of the manuscript must not include information whose
disclosure will be prejudicial to the national interest. The
authorization license has to be submitted, by the organization the
research is sponsored, in case that any information in the
manuscript is suspicious to be confidential.

The following categories of papers can be submitted to the journal:

\begin{itemize}
\item RESEARCH articles describing original investigations relevant to Computer Science;
\item REVIEW articles giving an in-depth overview of certain topic or a review of one's own work or one
        laboratory or a group of researchers;
\item EDITORIALS providing overview on certain topic written by well known scientists in the field.
\end{itemize}

\section{Manuscript preparation and submission requirements}
\subsection{Manuscript submission}

Authors are encouraged to submit their papers electronically via the
online submission system (http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/hepfcs).
The web site guides authors stepwise through the creation and
uploading of the various files. When you first submit your paper,
please upload the PDF file. When your paper is accepted, you will be
required to send the original source files. All correspondence,
including the editor's decision and request for revisions, will be
by e-mail. After reviewing process, the manuscript will be finally
judged by one of the editors and the EIC who have the right to
accept or reject a paper.

\subsection{Submission requirements}
\subsubsection{Cover letter}

A covering letter must accompany each submission indicating the
name, address, and telephone number of the author to whom all
correspondence is to be addressed. An affiliation must be supplied
for each author. Authors are also asked to provide the names and
contact information for four potential referees in their cover
letter. However, the journal is not obliged to use the suggested
reviewers. Final selection of reviewers will be determined by the
editors.

\subsubsection{Manuscript for research articles}

Manuscripts should be in a Word or LaTeX format. The following
components are required for a complete manuscript: Title, Author(s),
Author affiliation(s), Abstract, Keywords, Nomenclature (when
needed), Main text, References, Acknowledgements, Appendices, Figure
captions, Tables. There is no formal limit for the length of a
paper, but the editors may recommend condensation when appropriate.

\begin{itemize}
\item Tables
\end{itemize}
Authors should take notice of the limitations set by the size and
layout of the journal. Large tables should be avoided. Reversing
columns and rows will often reduce the dimensions of a table.

If many data are to be presented, an attempt should be made to
divide them over two or more tables.

\begin{itemize}
\item Supply units of measure at the heads of the columns. Abbreviations that are used only in a table
        should be defined in the footnotes to that table.
\item Should always use rows and columns to correlate two variables. Do not embed tables as graphic files,
        document objects, or pictures.
\item Submitted as three-line tables, that is, there are three horizontal lines: one under the legend, one
        under the column heads, and one below the body. Vertical lines are generally not used.
\item Label each table at the top with a Roman numeral followed by the table title. Insert explanatory material
        and footnotes below the table. Designate footnotes using lowercase superscript letters (a, b, c) reading
        horizontally across the table.
\item Unless needed, all the words within the tables should be in lowercases.
\item Must be sequentially numbered and called out in the text as, e.g., Table 1. The table should appear
        after where it is first mentioned in the text.
\end{itemize}

\doublerulesep 0.1pt
\begin{table}[h]
\begin{footnotesize}
\caption{Please write your table caption here} \label{tab:1}
\begin{tabular}{p{2cm}p{1.6cm}p{1.6cm}p{1.5cm}}
\hline\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
    sample&2/d& 4/d&6/d \\
\noalign{\smallskip} \hline
    blank control& 61.5 & 71.4&68.0 \\
    PLA & 73.2 & 75.6 &65.2 \\
    HA-PLA & 54.4 & 78.6 &62.4 \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{footnotesize}
\end{table}

\begin{itemize}
\item Figures
\end{itemize}
Graphs should be practically self-explanatory. Readers should be
able to understand them at a glance. Dimensional drawings and
diagrams should include only the essential details and as little
lettering as possible. They should present more of a picture than a
working drawing. Figure requirements:

1) Size: should be drawn in the size of they virtually appear.

2) Numbering and title: number all figures (graphs, charts,
photographs, and illustrations) in the order of their citation in
the text and cited as, e.g., Fig. 1. Include a title for each
figure (a brief phrase, preferably no longer than 10 to 15 words).
Use (a), (b), (c), (d) to give titles for subfigures if there are
any.

3) Figure quality: should be sharp, noise-free, and of good
contrast. All lettering should be large enough to permit legible
reduction. The figure quality should meet the requirements: 300dpi
for color images; 600dpi for mono images; 72dpi for screen images;
600dpi for line-drawings.

4) Color of figures: unless necessary, better drawn in black and
white for line-drawing; and grayscale for images.

5) Figure file formats and location in manuscript: should be
embedded in word or LaTeX processing documents. When accepted,
original files should be provided in TIFF, EPS or Corel-Draw file
formats. Legends should appear, separate from the figures
themselves, where the figures should be located within the paper.

6) Maps: please use the authorized maps as the basis for map figure
drawing. (Like maps published by China Map Press, and the like.) Any
maps drawn without an authorized basis have to be submitted with the
certificate from the Surveying and Mapping management. All the maps
should follow the publishing requirements released by the
Government.

7) Unless needed, all the words within the figures should be in
lowercases. There is one example:

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\centering
\includegraphics{FCS-1}
\caption{How C changes with (a) $p$; (b) $p_{t}$}\label{Fig049}
\end{figure}

\begin{itemize}
\item Formulae and equations
\end{itemize}
The requirement for formulae and equations are:

1) Formulae should be typewritten whenever possible.

2) It is extremely important that all mathematical symbols and
letters used are identified and listed and that the required style
of appearance of such symbols is clearly indicated, e.g., bold face,
italics, script, outline, etc.

3) Subscripts and superscripts should be set off clearly.

4) Identify in the margin any symbols that might be confused with
similar symbols.

5) The words Equation or Equations should appear in full at the
beginning of sentences but be abbreviated to Eq. or Eqs. elsewhere.

6) A nomenclature can be included (with the use of = signs) after
the abstract if there is a significant number of symbols in the
paper.

7) Equations should be located separately from other lines. Authors
are encouraged to place them in two-column format, unless it is
necessary to place them in one-column.

For example:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq1} H=-\frac{1}{2}\Delta \sigma _\infty +\sum\limits_k
{\omega _k b_k^\dag b_k } +\frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_k {g_k (b_k^ +b_k
)\sigma _z } ,
\end{equation}
\begin{itemize}
\item Definition, example, theorem, proof, etc
\end{itemize}
Please do not use italic in these parts. For example:

\textbf{Example 1}~~~We take the data set 1{\ldots}

\begin{itemize}
\item Abbreviations
\end{itemize}
Do not use abbreviations in the title or abstract and limit their
use in the text. Expand all abbreviations at first mention in the
text.

\begin{itemize}
\item Footnotes
\end{itemize}
Footnotes should only be used if absolutely essential. In most cases
it will be possible to incorporate the information in normal text.
If used, they should be indicated by superscript characters (e.g.,
1), 2), . . .)\footnote{Footnote information
1}, and kept as short as possible.

\begin{itemize}
\item Citations and references
\end{itemize}
In-text citations must agree with the references in either numbering
or names and year. The references should be presented completely and
without mistakes, and should be the original publication. We use the
citation-sequence system, that is to number the citations according
to sequence of their first appearance. Journal names should be
spelled out in full. Examples are given in \cite{KargerD,Mastroianni,SchlessingerD,ZhugeH}.

\begin{itemize}
\item Others
\end{itemize}
The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to
electronic documents. Consisting of a unique alpha-numeric character
string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the
initial electronic publication, DOI is an ideal medium for citing a
document, particularly "Articles in press" because they have not yet
received their full bibliographic information. The correct format
for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document
in the Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical
Simulation): doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2007.05.034

\subsection{Manuscript for review articles}

Reviews give a general overview of a particular field, providing the
reader with an appreciation of the importance of the work,
historical context, a summary of recent developments, and a starting
point in the specialist literature. Manuscripts should be between 4
000 and 8 000 words in length, divided into appropriate sections,
such as introduction (motivation and history remarks); outline;
basic concepts, examples and results; comments on the relevance of
the results, relations to other results and applications; open
problems; critical review of the relevant literature; comprehensive
bibliography. In addition to undergoing the same rigorous level of
technical peer-review as Research papers, Review articles will be
critiqued based on the general impact of the field being reviewed,
the relevance of the field to experimental mechanics, preexisting
reviews of the field, and acknowledgement of the contributing author
as a dominant figure in the field. Therefore, it is strongly
recommended that authors interested in submitting a Review article
correspond with the Editor prior to submission. General formatting
text, illustrations, and references are the same as outlined for
research papers.

\section{Notification}

\noindent The corresponding author will be notified by the editors
of the acceptance of article and invited to supply an electronic
version of the accepted text, if this is not already available.

\section{Copyright transfer}

\noindent No article can be published unless accompanied by a signed
copyright transfer statement, which ensures a transfer of copyright
from author to publisher. A copy of the copyright transfer statement
to be used will be provided with the letter of acceptance of the
manuscript. Authors are asked to scan and return by email the signed
statement to the editorial office of Frontiers of Computer Science.

\section{Proofreading and production}

\noindent Proofs will be sent to the author and should be returned
within 5 days of receipt. Authors should clarify any questions of
the proof in a query file. No new materials shall be inserted at the
time of proofreading. Please note that authors are urged to check
their proofs carefully before return one all-inclusive e-mail or
fax, since subsequent additional corrections will not be possible.

\section{Author enquiries}

\noindent For submission inquiries, tracking articles and any
information please contact the Frontiers of Computer Science office
in Higher Education Press. All correspondence for the journal should
be sent to the managing editor (firstname.lastname@example.com). Please be sure to
include the manuscript dispatch number in all correspondences.

\section{Author benefits}

\noindent The articles enjoy a fast peer-review and production
workflow and will be published more quickly with the online first
publishing on the basis of individual articles. The submitted
manuscripts will get polished in language by highly qualified
editors before typeset if necessary.

\Acknowledgements{The ``Acknowledgement section'' is the general
term for the list of contributions, credits, and other information
included at the end of the text of a manuscript but before the
references. Conflicts of interest and financial disclosures must be
listed in this section. Authors should obtain written permission to
include the names of individuals in the Acknowledgement section.}

\section*{Appendixes~(if needed)}

Appendix A

\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{Mastroianni} Verta O. Mastroianni C, Talia D. A super-peer model for resource
discovery services in large-scale grids. Future Generation Computer
Systems, 2005, 21(8): 1235--1248

\bibitem{ZhugeH} Zhuge H. The Knowledge Grid. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.,
2004

\bibitem{SchlessingerD}
Schlessinger D. Schaechter M. Bacterial toxins. In: Schaechter M,
Medoff G, Eisenstein BI, eds. Mechanisms of microbial disease. 2nd
ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1993, 162--175

\bibitem{KargerD}
Karger D. Ruhl M. Simple efficient load balancing algorithms for
peer-to-peer systems. In: Proceedings of Sixteenth Annual ACM
Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithm and Architectures. 2004,
36--40
\end{thebibliography}

%% \Biography{#1}{#2}
%% #1 is the file name of photo,
%% #2 is author's biography
\Biography{fcs-2}{Please provide each author's biography here with no
more than 120 words. The photo can be informal. Our journal prefers
to exhibit an encouraging atmosphere. Please use a one that best
suits our journal.}

%\bibliographystyle{unsrt}
%\bibliography{oo}

\end{document}
</code>
Comment: If the class file provided by `Frontiers`, then why not you approach them
Comment: Their `fcl.cls` file loads article class with `a4paper` as one of the options but then sets `paperheight` to `277truemm`, which is 2cm shorten then standard A4. Changing this to `297truemm` seems to solve it but I wonder why `277` was there in the first place.
Comment: But I would definitely consult with them and clarify this before making any changes in this file. It's not been edited since 2014!
Answer: I had the same issue. I solved it by adding the following code in the fcs.cls file (add it where all the other <code>\RequirePackage</code> are placed):
<code>\RequirePackage[a5paper]{geometry}
</code>
Alternatively, I think it could be possible to modify the text height in the fcs.cls file:
<code>\setlength{\textheight}{235truemm}
</code>
By finding the above line and replacing 235truemm with something smaller (e.g., 205truemm), it should be possible to fit the text on the page.
Important notice: I do not know if the paper complies with the journal's guidelines after modifying the fcs.cls file.


Linux: How to check whether a process is slowed down by other running processes

Question: I have one process running on a RHEL 6.3 machine. Somehow this is taking a longer processing time than the same process running on another machine. How is it possible to know why this process is running slow or if any other parallel running process is slowing down this process?
Comment: Are you familiar with tools such as `top`?
Comment: Yes.. But that only gives a list of processses and the memory allotted to each process right? Is it possible to find the answer to my question from top output?
Answer: You could try debugging what's going on by using either top or htop.
top & htop show the amount of resources a particular process is consuming. I would run your process like this: /usr/bin/time myproc to see how much time it's really taking to start. This command should show the same user time but different elapse times across the 2 machines.
Once you've established that the process is taking the same "effective" amount of time on the various systems you can then use  either top or htop to determine what "other" processes are slowing the system down so that this process is taking longer on machineA vs. machineB.
Example
Say I have the following script, doit.bash.
#!/bin/bash

a=0
while [ 1 ]; do
  let a=a+1
  (( $a==100000 )) && exit
done

I then run it on unloaded system:
$ /usr/bin/time ./doit.bash
1.25user 0.10system 0:01.38elapsed 98%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 1272maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+366minor)pagefaults 0swaps

I then run this command to simulate some load on my box:
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null

Repeating a run of doit.bash:
$ /usr/bin/time ./doit.bash
2.32user 0.20system 0:02.98elapsed 84%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 1268maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+365minor)pagefaults 0swaps

You can see that doit.bash took longer to run in both terms of the total user time and elapse time.

run1 - (user): 1.25 seconds - (elapse): 1.38 seconds
run2 - (user): 2.32 seconds - (elapse): 2.98 seconds

NOTE: make sure to Ctrl + C the running dd command when you're done.
Answer: Do you have any idea if the process is CPU or IO limited? If it needs only CPU, top is your friend. If it's IO limited, check out vmstat -Sm 5, iotop -od5 and iostat -m 5. Try to figure out if the problem is caused by slow poor device performance or if there's something else running on the worse performing system.
If you don't know if it's CPU or IO limited, start with top and look at the system IO wait value (wa) at the top. If one or more CPUs are waiting for IO, the IO wait value will raise. If you have lots of idle, and low IO wait value, then your process is waiting for some kind of syncronization events (probably some kind of locking either locally or over network).
Comment: Also note that if your linux kernel is ancient (e.g. 2.6.x) the IO wait value (`wa`) may not cause system load to raise. Modern linux kernels reflect IO wait in system load, too.


PHP String Manipulation: Extract hrefs

Question: I have a string of HTML that I would like to check to see if there are any links inside of it and, if so, extract them and put them in an array. I can do this in jQuery with the simplicity of its selectors but I cannot find the right methods to use in PHP.
For example, the string may look like this:

Doctors

C - G
G - K
K - M

How (in PHP) can i turn it into an array that looks something like:
[1]=>"link1.html"
[2]=>"link2.html"
[3]=>"link3.html"

Thanks,
Ian
Comment: Possible duplicate of [Grabbing the href attribute of an A element](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3820666/grabbing-the-href-attribute-of-an-a-element)
Answer: You can use PHPs DOMDocument library to parse XML and/or HTML. Something like the following should do the trick, to get the href attribute from a string of HTML.
$html = '
Doctors

C - G
G - K
K - M';

$hrefs = array();

$dom = new DOMDocument();
$dom->loadHTML($html);

$tags = $dom->getElementsByTagName('a');
foreach ($tags as $tag) {
       $hrefs[] =  $tag->getAttribute('href');
}

Answer: Your question is diffucult to understand but i believe you want a PHP DOM Parser, you can find simple dom parser here: http://simplehtmldom.sourceforge.net/ and a small usage example is:
$array = array();
foreach($html->find('a') as $a)
{
    $array[] = $a->href;
}

you you can use jQuery then you should be able to use this no problem as its selecting system is the same as jQuery aswell as CSS, as jQuery derives from CSS
Answer: One line solution
$href = (string)( new SimpleXMLElement($your_html_tag))['href'];

Answer: if the format is always the same, u can probably sort it out with a combination of explode and strip_tags something like
 $html="whatever"

 $href=end(explode('"',strip_tags($html)));

PHP String Manipulation: Extract hrefs


Reset MCU with a 1-0 button

Question: I am working on a silabs C8051 MCU. It has a sleep mode which should be woken up by  a reset. The mcu should start working (wake up from sleep) when the button in connected to Ground (Otherwise it is on the air). What is the easiest way to give a reset signal to the reset pin (or any other way) to restart the MCU?
Comment: define `easiest` .... also, what does this mean? `Otherwise it is on the air`
Comment: ...a pcb trace?
Answer: You usually pull the reset pin for 2 machine cycles to reset the 8051 Microcontroller. You could do that easily using a push button, as per the following circuit.

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
This would straight away, work.
But if you wish to have a better more universal reset button, you could follow the following schematic.

simulate this circuit
Both will do the job.

Reset MCU with a 1-0 button


Disable Left ALT + Button 1 Grab and Move Window Ubuntu 18.04

Question: I know this might be a duplicate, but it was intended for lower version of Ubuntu. Since I am using Ubuntu 18.04, I tried the old solutions, but its not working. I tried to disabled it through compiz move plugin, after I saved it, its still there. It won't disable even I uncheck and click ok
Comment: Are you using Unity for sure? 18.04 comes with GNOME instead of Unity by default.
Answer: If you're using Ubuntu 18.04 with the default desktop environment (GNOME), installing the GNOME Tweak Tool with sudo apt install gnome-tweaks will give you an option to disable this.
Comment: Could you expand your answer a bit more? Which option exactly is to disable and where does one find it? GNOME Tweaks provide so many options that it's pretty easy to get lost there :)


ssis - capturing the bad rows

Question: HI, Can you help me to figure this out? Is there a way to get the row in which error occured in ssis? I have this flat file with some 10k + records which is being read via a 'flatfilesource'.
Right now the error output defaults to error-column, error-code, and 'flatfilesourceerroroutputcolumn' - and i use a script-component to handle it. But none of these three inputs (to script component) are user-friendly enough. So i want to get an output like the first column-value(this is a unique identifier) of the row in which error occured. How can I add that?
Answer: While debugging this in SSIS, you can add a Data Viewer on the path to where your script handles error. This path has all the columns of the original row where your error is.
If you want to handle your SSIS errors and also do something else with it, you can direct the error output from your flat file source to a Multicast and then send one stream down to a file, a table, or something else ( a Recordset destination and a subsequent foreach loop on the object used to store the Recordset will let you do stuff on a row-by-row basis on the errored row(s)).

ssis - capturing the bad rows


Create a physical copy of a source file in Visual Studio

Question: In Visual Studio, if I try to copy a file from one project to another (by using Copy and Paste or by dragging the file to the new project while holding the Ctrl key) it creates a reference to the source file in the original location. Is there a way to create a physical copy of the source file and place that in the target project source direction without having to resort to using Windows Explorer to copy the file manually?
Comment: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/0fb6xxhb.aspx Basically, if you want to have full control, you have to resort to Windows explorer.
Answer: From http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/0fb6xxhb.aspx:

If you are working with solution items, Visual C++ projects, or other similar projects, you are always working with links in Solution Explorer. If you are working with Visual Basic projects, Visual C# projects, and other projects, you might be working with links or files.

Essentially, the answer to my question is 'No'. In most cases, I must use Windows Explorer.
Comment: Is this question specific to Visual C++ projects? If so, you should note that in the question/title and tag the question accordingly.
Answer: It's not pretty, but when I want to do what you're suggesting, I double-click on the file in Visual Studio, which opens it. Then I do a File->Save As, choose the right directory and save it. All from within Visual Studio. This is usually followed by adding the new file to the other project.
Was just doing this and realized I should mention a side-effect. Depending on your source control (in my case, TFS 2010), doing this from within Visual Studio may modify the location of the file in the project. For me, this means making sure that neither the file nor its project have any pending changes, doing the save as, then doing an undo of the change this causes in TFS 2010 (project change, file add and delete).
Comment: Not thought of that. I'll give that a go.


Convert any file into a binary file and vice versa

Question: I've searched in StackOverFlow website and over the internet for this question and its relevant questions but I still haven't got a clear answer. I want to know what software may I use to convert any file (regarding size) into a text file that contains zeros and ones (only) of this specific file, then convert this text file that contains these zeros and ones back to the original file. Execuse my ignorance if the files that contains zeros and ones are not called "binary files", I searched the internet and read in wikipedia there are software called [hex dump], I don't need those, I need what I mentioned above, thank you all.
Comment: Not a dulpicat, and no the answer is not in that question's page, I've asked for a software not a code in some programming language
Comment: Can you explain what you'd use it for? Novelty value, I can understand, or as a programming exercise, but outside that it doesn't make much sense. A text file containing zeros and ones really contains bytes as well, which are number values that represent ASCII or UTF codepoints 30 and 31. By doing this change you will make the file 8 times bigger, for what benefit? You're better off encoding each original byte as two hex digits, the information content is the same, the output is only 2x bigger, and ... you can use a hex dump/viewer and there's loads of them.
Comment: Possible duplicate of [How to read file binary in C#?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2426190/how-to-read-file-binary-in-c)
Comment: I know if I will be doing this any file will get bigger, but I need this for my studying purpose, @TessellatingHeckler
Answer: The thing is that all the files are already binary, you just need an HEX viewer to see them for what they are (for instance in Total Commander you can use the "Compare Contents" functionality).
Something like a non-binary file does not exist in the computer world.
HEX means base 16 system, you can easily convert it to 2 based (1,0) by using simple windows calculator in Programmer mode:
In the picture below a text file has been compared with itself just to show it's content in HEX. As we can see the first digit is "66"; if  we place it into a programmer calculator having HEX mode activated and then we switch to BIN, we will get "1100110", representing the "f" character. And so on for every HEX value.

P.S. 1 - Interesting thing is that there is no real emphasis on this matter in the Computer File definition on Wikipedia nor other sites. I think it is totally confusing for people who don't know this already. In my opinion those websites should all present the word "binary" right in the first line of "computer file" definition.
A computer file in its deepest level is binary data, not a piece of information splitted up in lines or something different from binary formats. The file format is only a protocol telling how to store bytes and it becomes proper information only when it is read or opened by someone or something who knows how that data has been written in this particular file, say the user, or a client software knowing how that data (bytes) has been written.
P.S. 2 - WTF? - Wikipedia has split files to binary and non-binary! Thank God I don't need to read this.

Software to create text representatives from binary input and vice versa:
Windows,
Online
Comment: What about large files ? I need a software to do this calculator thing, plus, I need a text file of ther zeros and ones (only) of the desired file.
Comment: here is the solution: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2426190/how-to-read-file-binary-in-c
Comment: This is a solution for a total different question, the guy asked for a method in C#, I am clearly asking for a software that does the job.
Comment: @Billo, sorry, then, here is that what you need: http://ascii-converter1.software.informer.com/1.2/ -  I tested it, it works fine
Answer: This method works with bash terminal

Convert your file to hexadecimal
<code>$ xxd originalFile > hexaFile
</code>
Convert back your hexadecimal file to original
<code>$ cat hexaFile |  xxd –r > backOriginalFile
</code>


What are toy examples of single-copy entanglement conversion?

Question: In (Vidal 1999) they prove that, given any pair of pure bipartite states written as
$$|\Psi\rangle = \sum_{i=1}^n \sqrt{\alpha_i}|i,i\rangle,
\qquad |\Phi\rangle = \sum_{i=1}^n \sqrt{\beta_i}|i,i\rangle,$$
with $\alpha_1\ge \alpha_2\ge\cdots\ge \alpha_n$, $\beta_1\ge \beta_2\ge\cdots\ge \beta_n$, the maximum probability of converting $|\Psi\rangle$ into $|\Phi\rangle$ by means of any local strategy is given by
$$P(\Psi\to\Phi) = \min_{\ell\in[1,n]} \frac{\sum_{i=\ell}^{n}\alpha_i}{\sum_{i=\ell}^{n}\beta_i}.$$
What are some toy examples to better understand the idea behind the strategy, and the optimality proof?
Comment: "Toy examples" and "optimality proof" feel a bit contradictory ... (Note that the optimality proof for LOCC protocols involves proving first that *one* round (actually half round) of communication suffices ... now this can indeed also be illustrated by examples, though I don't feel this would be any more insightful than the general proof.)
Comment: @NorbertSchuch I disagree. One can certainly find explicit examples and specialise the proof to find the optimal conversion protocols. I personally find it easier to grok the intuition behind a calculation knowing how it applies to a number of specific toy examples showing the ideas involved
Comment: I think the proof that LOCC can be condensed to a single round is one of the arguments which is more annying to write down with qubits than in the general case (or you just take the general case and replace $d$ by $2$). Do you know the proof?
Comment: ... that being said, I would argue the question is too broad. Giving an example how to do conversion and the optimality argument are two entirely different things.
Comment: (On the other hand, if you meet me next to a blackboard, I will be happy to explain both through examples.)
Answer: I always rather enjoyed the examples in this paper:
https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9905071
They are more stated in terms of deterministic conversion, but you could just as well calculate probabilities of conversion in the ones that cannot be done deterministically.


Leaving a wide ball and running byes?

Question: Is it in the rules to run byes on a wide ball which the batsman leaves? So if I leave a wide ball, can I then run byes off it if the keeper fumbles, or will the byes not count?
Answer: They are explicitly not byes; quoting from Law 23.1 "Byes":

If the ball, delivered by the bowler, not being a Wide, passes the striker without touching his/her bat or person, any runs completed by the batters from that delivery, or a boundary allowance, shall be credited as Byes to the batting side.

(my emphasis) However, note that doesn't mean you can't run; Law 22.5 "Ball not dead" makes this very clear:

The ball does not become dead on the call of Wide ball.

just that they will be counted as wides, not byes. This makes a difference only to the statistics for the bowler and the wicketkeeper, nobody else really cares.

Leaving a wide ball and running byes?


unable to delete a content type from a webpart Sharepoint2013

Question: We have a custom webpart with a dropdown menu which contains some content types. We have changed some of the types but now I cannot change or delete the old content types. Its in use because before some documents have been created base don those contens. I cannot also delete those documents. Just want to delete or hide the content types. Is it possible?
Comment: If you are okay with losing the values for created, created by, modified and modified by, you should be able to open the library in the file explorer, copy all the contents to a temporary folder on your local desktop, delete the content type, and set a new default content type and then just drag and drop copy them back using file explorer once more.
Comment: Switch content type on all the documents that use the content type that you would like to remove. As soon as nothing uses the content type, you should be able to delete it.
Comment: Try from SharePoint Designer... Is there any error message getting logged in Event viewer??
Comment: @Christoffer its about 100 documents! not that easy and fast
Comment: @AnkitKumar is not possible also 'Could not save changes'. I can't even change the name
Answer: As @Christoffer stated in comment, open document library with explorer which option is available in ribbon. Copy all documents in folder in local drive. Delete documents from document library. Delete content type and again copy all documents in document library with explorer.


Create user on kubernetes

Question: How can I create additional user on Kubernetes so that he/she can access Kubernetes cluster both from web-ui and CLI (kubectl) and allow that user to administrate a specific namespace?
Comment: http://stackoverflow.com/q/35664218/1068283
Answer: Kelsey Hightower gives a good explanation of this in his talk "Container management and deployment: from development to production", he explains limiting a user to namespaces when talking about "managing development environments" around the 21m 56s mark around the 21m 56s mark.
The basic idea is that you need to use Resource Quotas.
Answer: There are two methods for authorization that Kubernetes provides natively that can be used to have users who can only access specific namespaces.
Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) is a static file which lists user rights, it has some downsides though, like the requirement for the API server to be restarted whenever you change a user's rights.
Role Based Access Control is likely your best option for this. It's a little complex to setup, but you can use it to restrict users rights to specific namespaces.
That said it's worth noting that as of Kubernetes 1.6, it's not considered by the maintainers to be ready for multi-tenant operation, as there are likely ways that a malicious user with access to one namespace could get access to other namespaces.

Create user on kubernetes


Which web server is more secure, Apache, nginx or lighttpd?

Question: We are trying to decide which web server to choose for our PHP application.
Which of Apache, nginx or lighttpd is the most secure? Which of these has had the most and most severe security holes?
Answer: The OS and web server with which you have the most experience are usually going to be the most secure.
Security depends on all of the layers, not just the web server.  If you pick one with very few vulnerabilities, but don't understand how to configure it, you will most likely not understand how to configure it securely.
They are all mature web servers, so the one you understand the best is the one you are going to be able to secure the most.
Comment: Some people say that the biggest security vulnerability sits at the computer console ;)
Comment: Excellent answer. To elaborate: Apache, nginx, and lighttpd are all high-enough quality that the dominant risk is of configuration error -- you're more likely to get hosed by a configuration mistake than by a bug in the code.  This suggests you should focus especially on reducing the likelihood of configuration errors that might cause security breaches.  Picking the server that you know best reduces the risk of configuration error.
Comment: @rox0r, This is just avoiding the question, not answering it. This doesn't actually answer the question Which one should you pick if you have **equal** **experience** (e.g. *zero*, or *fifty*, or *hundred*) in both servers?
Comment: You can't really answer the question.  They are all mature web servers.  Depending on which features you need out of each web server will tell you which one to use.  I know what i prefer, but it seriously depends on what you need the web server to do.
Answer: For me the answer to this question is "it depends".
First off I guess it depends on what you mean by secure.  If you're looking for freedom from software defects then you could look at vulnerability stats for the products in question from sites like http://www.secunia.com or http://www.cvedetails.com .
from those you could get a view of how many security issues have been publicly acknowledged and patched, which could lead you to say that a product is more or less secure.
Unfortunately not all products get the same level of scrutiny, so that may not be a good measure.
The other thing to consider is security capabilities.  If there are specific security capabilities that you require (eg, WAF integration) then that might drive your choice of webserver.
In terms of your specific question, I'd say that Apache has recently had a fairly good security record (most of the vulns I've seen in more up to date versions tend to be in modules not the core server).
As to the others, you could argue that they're secure if there aren't any published vulnerabilities for them, but then they may still have issues that aren't publicly acknowledged.
Comment: I would also add that most of the time not the web server is exploited, but the web application running on it. In my opinion one should also take into account ease of configuration, memory/disk consumption, availability of support and not weigh security too high (at least with the better known webservers).
Comment: The problem I find is that "past performance is not an indicator of future behaviour", as with investment. Let's say there were 10 critical flaws fixed in Apache last year. Maybe there are none left now. Maybe there are another 100. The metric doesn't tell you.
Comment: @graham, yep it's a real problem, to predict future flaw levels.  With some projects there seems to be a steady stream of issues, which could indicate a general lack of focus on security, but if you get a high number for a while it could be because of a code clean-up or audit, which is actually a positive sign...
Comment: @Graham Lee, it works for insurance companies. Unsafe people are similar to insecure software. But, if they don't tell anyone about the incidents, how would the insurance company know?
Comment: @Dogeatcatworld The problem with that analogy is that insurance companies have access to statistics from vast population sizes for any given variable (e.g. a specific age, sex, vehicle model, etc.), so you can form reasonable conclusions based on those variables (e.g. someone of age X is Y% likely to crash their car, because you've got stats on millions of people of that age). It's hard to see how to make software fit into such neat categories and end up with any kind of reasonable population sizes that you could draw accurate conclusions from.
Comment: One measure to consider is the delay between an exploit becoming public and a patch becoming available. The shorter the gap, the less time your webserver is potentially vulnerable. As an extreme, you might have two varieties of webserver both workable, so you can switch between them if one does become vulnerable.
Answer: Notwithstanding the recent range header craziness, I think you can make a good case for Apache, if you strip it down to only what you need. mod_security is a nice plus for Apache too.
You should also decide not just based on track record but based on how well you think they'll do going forward. A lot of that is a function of process maturity, state of the codebase, etc. I think Apache does pretty well in general, although like I said, strip it down to only what you need.
Apache has a lot of eyeballs on it, meaning it'll have more bugs reported against it, but remember that just because bugs aren't being reported against a product doesn't mean that they're not there, so if you're targeted in an attack, my opinion is that you want the fewest unknowns possible, and Apache probably wins on that count.
Answer: for me , does not matter on apache or nginx or lighttpd , it does matter of staying with updates , install only updated plugins and modules that are weekly/monthly moderated and updated, and the most important is NEVER do a mistake on the web applications (python,perl,php,mysql ,rtmp....) if your apache and its modules are patched/updated , and u have sqli or php buffer overflow so it is useless , and about OS u can make a secured windows server and you can make a vulnreable unix server
source : I am Elite White hacker
http://www.zone-h.org/archive/notifier=k3rnel31
http://www.zone-h.org/archive/notifier=k3rnel31_2
http://www.zone-h.org/archive/notifier=k3rnel31_3
http://www.zone-h.org/archive/notifier=k3rnel31_4


List view for FastSearch result with xslt in SharePoint 2010

Question: Can SharePoint FAST search result be populated in list view web part (document library list view web part) using xslt? Is it possible?
Answer: You would need to create custom code and extend the webpart for that. So, short answer is no, long is yes if you code it.


Search for file content with swiper-all or similar interface

Question: I've been using swiper-all to search for content in buffers. This works really great as I easily can navigate between the files and select the ones I want to work with. Is there some way I can use a similar interface to search in files on disk. E.g. recursively in current directory.
Answer: If you are willing to install RipGrep, counsel-rg (included in counsel) could offer the interface you are looking for.
From its docstring:

Grep for a string in the current directory using rg.
Comment: This is perfect! :) I can search in the minibuffer, navigate matched files and press enter to open as a buffer. Thanks!


Top menu VS side menu (Left Sidebar)

Question: I'm designing a webinar softwar product dashboard. Should I use top menu or side menu? Why ?Are you familiar with the best practices ?
Comment: This is a very broad subject with many nuances. Ultimately, most arguments for either will end with "You'll need to test it on your users". Regarding best practices, these are largely open to interpretation. Find some other services that command your respect or that you aspire to and see what they do.
Answer: Whether it is Top Navigation or Left Navigation there is no absolute answer. When it comes to designing for users, context is king.
A navigation that works well in one context, may not work as well in another. To figure out which navigation is best for your site, it's important to understand the different contexts where the top and left navigation work best.

Scanning
A left navigation is faster and more efficient for users to scan. In just three visual fixations, users scan six items in the left navigation compared to the three items scanned in the top navigation. The left navigation also facilitates a vertical scanning direction that is natural for people, while the top navigation forces a horizontal scanning direction that people often use when they're reading.
Page Space
A top navigation conserves more vertical page space than a left navigation. With a left navigation, the navigation links occupy the left column of your page. This shrinks and narrows the content area of your page, which means you will have less space for your content. A top navigation, however, uses minimal vertical space, which allows you to occupy the content area of your page with content only.
Item Priority
Items in a top navigation do not have equal weight. The leftmost items carry more visual weight than other items because of its placement in the primary optical area (top left). Items in the top left area get more exposure and are often seen as more important than other items. The items in a left navigation, however, do have equal weight because they are all placed on the left with no other items in its opposing direction on the right. Because users read items from left to right, the priority direction for reading items is stronger horizontally than vertically.
Visibility
Top navigation items are more visible because they are always above the fold and are easier to find. Left navigation items are not always above the fold because sometimes if you have too many items, some of them can get pushed below the fold. Top navigations are also easier to find because they are usually accompanied by the header and logo, both of which are visually dominant objects on a web page.
Resource From:
http://uxmovement.com/navigation/top-navigation-vs-left-navigation-which-works-better/
This question already has an answer here:
Top menu vs Side menu on dashboard

Top menu VS side menu (Left Sidebar)


How to get external Extension in static blocks

Question: I downloaded and using a Testimonial extension now I need to get content of that extension into a static block so that I display my testimonials in pages.I use magebuzz testimonial  extension and I contacted the developer support as it is a free extension they said they will not provide any code support.
Comment: The extension should come with an xml file in the layout folder of your theme. There are some blocks defined there. If you don't have experience with Magento layouts, post it's content in your question, please.
Comment: yes I know every extension has .xml files and this extenion too had now my requirement is how to get content of this extension to be inserted in a static block.for example if some testimonials are created I want those testimonials to be in my static block so that I can display them in my homepage
Answer: -->As you said you are using magebuzz testimonial section you will have testimonial.phtml here app/design/frontend/blissblossoms/default/template/testimonial duplicate testimonial.phtml lets save it as testimonial1.phtml
-->Now lets create a static block lets name it as testimonials and id is home_testimonials add the following code into the content of that static block
`{{block type="testimonial/testimonial" name="testimonial1"template="testimonial/testimonial1.phtml"}}`

now finally call this static block in page.xml/local.xml file in this way
<block type="page/html_footer" name="footer" as="footer" template="page/html/footer.phtml">
       <block type="cms/block" name="testimonials">
          <action method="setBlockId"><block_id>home_testimonials</block_id></action>
       </block>
</block>

This should display testimonials in your footer.


Automate Test Orders

Question: I need a way to automate test orders on our test and production web sites. I was thinking about using something like iMacro, but I thought there must be a better way. Any ideas?
Comment: serverside tests or javascript tests?
unit tests or integration tests?
Answer: Another good FF add-in is Selenium IDE which seems a bit more feature rich than the add-in for iMacros. There are extended editions (Selenium,iMacros) that you can pay for that include command line scripting, recording page timings etc.
I'm just evaluating both to see which handles Flash better and Selenium wants code added to the Action Script which with our old flash games isn't as simple as using iMacros co-ordinate based clicks.
Answer: Without knowing what kind of "order" you're talking about, it's really impossible to say.
I suspect that you don't really want to be creating test orders on a production system though.

Automate Test Orders


Show & Sync Google Slides speaker notes on separate device

Question: Invariably when I give a presentation in a new room or conference center the resolution is all different and I cannot see my speaker notes in a consistent way on my laptop, or the screen the audience sees is out of view from me, or some other issue.  I would love to be able to sync the speaker notes on my tablet for the presentation I am showing with a mirrored screen on my laptop.  (Laptop mirroring the projector, tablet showing the speaker notes)
Comment: Seems like a rather simple addition (simple as in "Google-level simple"), but yet there is nothing suitable. And it's mostly engineer's use case (when you need to show live coding on the same screen you can't use extended display) so one would expect that Google Docs' own engineers would want it!
Comment: I have a similar use case. If you found/find the answer to getting a setup like this going I'd be glad to know your solution..
Answer: If you are presenting using a screen or projector with an HDMI port, it is possible to view your speaker notes on your tablet while presenting using the big screen by using the Google Slides mobile app in conjunction with a Chromecast. You could alternately cast the presentation using your laptop for a similar experience.
If you have an Android tablet but do not have a Chromecast and/or the ability to connect to one, you can also use Google Hangouts to present with speaker notes that only display on your tablet. Again, in the Slides app on your tablet, tap the "Present" button; if you have the Hangouts app installed, it will give you the option to present to a new or existing call. On the computer connected to the screen/projector, connect to the same call. (You may need to be logged into Gmail/Google+ as someone else so that you can invite the user of the presentation device to join the call.)
Check out this Google Help Center article for additional information about presenting Google Slides presentations using Chromecast or Hangouts (or AirPlay) and in general.


What is this white growth on my turtle's skin? (right forward foot)

Question:
This is my pet turtle who has lived with me for the past 13 years, She had been pretty active until last week, end of last week I noticed this white growth on her leg. What is this? Is this fungal infection?
Comment: The general air temperature is usually around 21c and the water temperature around 24c, and probably hotter during afternoons. Between 12pm to 4pm, I let her bask under direct sun. When she indoors, she in an aquarium whose water level is just enough for her to swim a bit or stay at the bottom and poke her head out.
Comment: Welcome to pets.SE! How does the turtle live with you? Temperature of water and air, what kind of light?
Answer: I am not a vet, so please visit or contact a vet if you have concerns about your turtle's health!
In my experience this are simple not coloured parts of skin. There are discussions what cause them, genes or environmental issues. As long as the skin looks not aflamed nor injured there is no need to worry. In my turtle the affected area spreads very slowly.
Please provide your turtle a dry and warm basking area with direct (nothing between, not even glass or similar) sunlight or a propper UV basking light bulb. This in general ensures a healthy skin and shell, killing bacteria and fungi. To dry once a day is as same important as the right amount UV rays.


best way to get business unit wise subscribers list

Question: Please suggest if there is any way to get subscribers list business unit wise without actually going to each BU as we have over 50 BU.
Answer: Subscribers actually live at the parent business unit level, for all child BUs. From the Parent Business Unit, you can apply 'Business Unit Filters' to segment the All Subscriber list so a subset of subscribers may appear in the child BU level.
If you are wanting to build a list of subscribers per BU, then you could select from _Subscribers and replicate the same BU Filter criteria to build you counts for each child BU
Comment: How would you apply the business unit filter to the _Subscribers system data view?
Comment: Go to Admin > Business Units and select (tick) and business unit and click 'Define Business Unit Filter' where you will then see what filters are being applied for the same BU. Take note of the logic - it will work from Profile Attributed of your system. From there, you will built a SQL to select from _Subscriberd and hopefully be able to apply the same selection criteria


Can we create the tag [so-im-a-spider-so-what] and make the tag [kumo-desu-ga-nani-ka] its synonym?

Question: If I'm not mistaken, the series "Kumo Desu ga, Nani ka?" has the official English title, "So I'm a Spider, So What?" Can we create the tag so-im-a-spider-so-what and make kumo-desu-ga-nani-ka its synonym? I think this would be in line with the current policy on tagging.
Comment: Separately, I'm not sure whether it should be "nani-ka" or "nanika" in the tag for the Japanese title (or whether it doesn't really matter). [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_I%27m_a_Spider,_So_What%3F) gives the Hepburn transliteration of the title as "Nanika", but MAL (linked in the post) gives "Nani ka".
Answer: Done. so-im-a-spider-so-what is now the main tag, with kumo-desu-ga-nani-ka as its synonym.
As for "nani ka" or "nanika", "ka" is a Japanese particle (just like "ga") and usually stands alone. However, "nanika" is also a single expression, meaning "(so) what (are you trying to say)?". Since there are far more results for "nani ka" (with space), I decided to use the current tag as-is. (Not that I think it will affect so much though...)


Getting Gold on Mission Objectives

Question: In GTAV, each mission has a set of optional objectives to complete to achieve gold on the mission. Are these required to receive 100% game completion? Do they all have to be completed in one run through the mission, or can each objective be completed in separate replays of the mission?
Answer: If you login to the rockstar social club and connect your account, you can see the progress you have made toward 100% completion. From what I can tell from the site you need to complete all 69 story missions, 42 hobbies and pastimes, 14 random events, 20 strangers and freaks, and 15 misc missions. Once you are logged in you can see your progress here: http://socialclub.rockstargames.com/games/gtav/career/checklist
Comment: Thanks. I'm having a ton of trouble with my social club account, so I'll try that again in a week or so.

Getting Gold on Mission Objectives


Need help identifying seeds

Question: I ordered seeds from a "garder" on aliexpress. I was looking to order Soursop seeds, however the seeds I received were not what I was hoping for. Could somebody help me with figuring out what kind of seeds they actually are? Does anybody know what they could be? I'm stumped. As I don't know what kind they are, I have no clue as to planting and caring for them so they grow properly or if I even need or want them anymore. :( Thanks in advance to all who can assist me.
Comment: A bit late now, but treat those seeds for disease before planting.
Answer: all of the seeds not labeled as rose, look like some sort of muskmelon... no real way to identify them until you plant them and see what grows.

Need help identifying seeds


port mac application to ios

Question: Is it possible to port mac source code to ios (iphone and ipad) easily. The mac application is using both C and Objective C languages. What i asssume is to create xib files for mac nib files, and port the code for ios. Any suggestions???
Cheers
Answer: Yes, it's possible. How hard it is depends on how heavily your desktop app relies on a keyboard, mouse and a large screen. In general, porting an app from the desktop to a mobile device is far from trivial, for reasons that have nothing to do with the portability of APIs and project files.
Comment: Thank you so much... Your answer is very clear, esp., the statement " How hard it is depends on how heavily your desktop app relies on a keyboard, mouse and a large screen", Cheers
Answer: Essentially, you're correct about what you need to do. Since Objective C is a strict superset of C, your code should run fine, although you'll obviously need to change the API calls to iOS-oriented ones. The main task would likely be to recreate your interface and how it hooks into your code, but that shouldn't be too much of a problem for a well-designed MVC application. You may also need to give consideration to your application's lifecycle - compared to Mac applications, iOS apps tend to be used for much shorter periods, and can be quit with little or no notice, so they need to keep a lot more of their state in persistent storage (or be ready to save it quickly and automatically on exit), rather than relying on the user triggering an explicit save.
Without knowing more about your application, I can't give you any more than this general advice. I can only recommend that you give it a shot - the simulator is free.
Comment: thank you so much... That helped me a lot in taking my decision, Cheers

port mac application to ios


Openoffice yum repo for RHEL 5?

Question: We need to run Openoffice as a service so that unoconv can be used convert Word documents to PDF. Any yum repositories for Openoffice in RHEL 5 server ?
Answer: I see unoconv specifically in the DAG repo:
<code>$ yum info unoconv
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities
Available Packages
Name       : unoconv
Arch       : noarch
Version    : 0.4
Release    : 1.el5.rf
Size       : 70 k
Repo       : dag
Summary    : Tool to convert between any document format supported by OpenOffice
URL        : http://dag.wieers.com/home-made/unoconv/
License    : GPL
Description: unoconv converts between any document format that OpenOffice understands.
           : It uses OpenOffice's UNO bindings for non-interactive conversion of
           : documents.
           :
           : Supported document formats include Open Document Format (.odf),
           : MS Word (.doc), MS Office Open/MS OOXML (.xml),
           : Portable Document Format (.pdf), HTML, XHTML, RTF, Docbook (.xml),
           : and more.
</code>
Here's the DAG FAQ on getting their repo up and running: http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/FAQ.php#B
The RPM itself is at: http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/dag/RPMS/unoconv-0.4-1.el5.rf.noarch.rpm
Comment: @nitins I see Open Office RPMS in the CentOS 5.8 updates repo: http://mirror.centos.org/centos-5/5.8/updates/i386/RPMS/ but you probably don't want to install that repo if you're running RHEL.  Possibly, you can cherry pick RPMs.
Comment: Yes unoconv is available in the repo, but not Open-office which a dependency for unoconv

Openoffice yum repo for RHEL 5?


What happens next?

Question: I just switched from part-time to full time. From day one of being a full time employee (hourly not salary) I get 158 hours of PTO. Well I just got offered a better job. What happens if I take 3 weeks of PTO and put in my two weeks notice while on vacation? What happens if I take 3 weeks PTO and never go back to the job?
Comment: I'd take a long hard look at your work agreement/contract to make sure that you 158 hours of PTO aren't curtailed by leaving earlier than the calculation period (usually a year). One things for sure - if you do leave during your vacation, you won't get a good reference from this employer in the future.
Comment: Also - having 158 hours of PTO on day one, and being able to get 3 weeks leave approved on short notice are two very different propositions. If this wasn't already a planned and agreed upon vacation, I wouldn't give 3 weeks to a new member of staff so soon after starting.
Comment: There are policies  that sometimes prohibit you from doing such a thing, but it is mostly company specific. Regardless, it would certainly burn bridges and destroy any and all references you did have if you take 3 weeks PTO and never return without even giving a notice.
Comment: Possible duplicate of [Two Weeks Notice During Holiday Vacation](http://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/38536/two-weeks-notice-during-holiday-vacation)
Comment: I've worked there over a year and half. I was part-time. Now I am full time and I get the 158 hours on day one of full-time. I am not salary. So what happens if I put in my two weeks Friday. Work one week then go on PTO? Will they allow that? I requested it a month ago.
Answer: In almost all cases, "credited" time off has to be paid back if you leave before working enough hours to earn it. Check your contract and related paperwork.

What happens next?


Let $A: X \rightarrow Y$ a bijective continous map between two Banach spaces X and Y. Then, $A^{-1}$ is also continous?

Question: We know if A is a map continuous, bijective and linear then the answer is yes, $A^{-1}$ is continuous. But, if $A$ is no linear then $A^{-1}$ is also continuous  ?
Comment: Such examples must be infinite-dimensional (due to invariance of domain).
Answer: Let $X$ be an infinite-dimensional Banach space. Then the unit sphere $S\subset X$ is noncompact. Hence, there is a continuous surjective function $h: S\to (0,1]$. For $x\in X-\{0\}$ set $\bar{x}:= x/||x||$.
Define the self-map
$$
f: X\to X, ~~f(x)=h(\bar{x}) x, ~~\hbox{if}~ x\ne 0; ~~f(0)=0.
$$
This map is continuous and bijective but is not a homeomorphism: Take a sequence $s_n\in S$ such that $\lim_{n\to\infty} h(s_n)=0$. Then the sequence $(f(s_n))$ converges to $0$ while $(s_n)$ does not.
Edit. 1. If $X, Y$ are finite-dimensional Banach spaces then every continuous bijective map $X\to Y$ is a homeomorphism by Brouwer's invariance of domain theorem.

Every infinite dimensional normed vector space has noncompact unit sphere. This was discussed many times at MSE, see for instance here.
Every noncompact metric space admits a continuous surjective function to ${\mathbb R}$; this was again discussed many times, see for instance here and here.  Composing with the function $t\mapsto e^{-t^2}$ gives a surjective continuous function to $(0,1]$.


Where can I find a game development team that is willing to accept a 2D artist with no experience in game development?

Question: I'm a book illustrator, but I want to try my hand at game development. I have experience working with clients as a book illustrator, but have never worked on a game development team before. Where and how can I find a game development team?
Comment: Aside form the traditional means of getting a job: Join a game jam. A popular one. You get to know people. People get to know you. You gain some experience working a game for the jam. The art for the published game becomes part of your portfolio, and evidence that you can work in games. And the contacts might help you get in the door of some game studio. Addendum: developer conferences are a good way to get in contact with game studios, you probably want some portfolio first.
Comment: As written, this is probably not on topic based on precedent (see [other career questions](https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/career) to see what has & has not gotten closed in the past).  Editing to focus on how 2d game dev work/hiring art differs from traditional book illustration might be more on-topic. [GameDev.net](https://www.gamedev.net) is sometimes offered as a more appropriate resource for where to find a team. The artists I've met at conferences use [ArtStation](https://www.artstation.com) for showcasing portfolios, networking, etc.
Answer: A good way to gain some experience in working is a game development team without the pressure of having to deliver commercially viable work is to participate in game jams.
Game jams are game development "competitions" where solo developers or small teams receive a prompt and are then asked to create a game that loosely matches the prompt in a relatively short time window (usually between a weekend and a couple weeks). I put "competition" in quotes, because although game jams are usually framed as a competition, and there is usually either a jury or a voting system to decide which game is "the winner" of the game jam, they really don't feel very competitive. For most people it's really more about collaboration, networking, experimentation and being creative than it is about winning. And it's not uncommon at all to have a lot of participants who are still beginners at game development, so you usually don't need to be afraid of not being good enough for a game jam either.
My experience with game jams is that there is usually an overabundance of programmers but a lack of artists. So you will probably not have trouble to find a team. How do you find a team for a game jam? Many game jams have discord servers specifically for that purpose.
For a calendar of upcomming online game jams, check out this calendar on itch.io.

Another option is to join a group that wants to create a more ambitious long-term project as a hobby. That's actually how I made my first experience with working as a member of a game development team. I contributed to the development of an open source game. One place where people go to recruit people for projects like that is the subreddit r/INAT.
Comment: +1 game jams are great, and many have no judging/ranking at all, but culminate in something more like an arcade/festival of just playing each others' games and enjoying the creative atmosphere. [I've written about them in another answer in case that's useful](https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/a/143256/39518). Some even provide matchmaking services to help match up solo artists or audio specialists ("floaters") with teams who need art.


I am looking for any substance that would be unstable or dangerous when it is cooler or not on heat, and is stable when it is being boiled

Question: I am a first responder and one of our protocols when entering any unknown lab environment is to turn off any burners. Most of the time, we try to not disturb the environment as much as possible so a colleague of mine and myself were curious as to any substance that would actually be more dangerous after turning off said burner. Thank you.
Comment: Substance? No. _Device_? With some far-fetched assumptions, maybe yes.
Comment: Can you please explain what exactly a "first responder" is?
Comment: @Karl In case of a medical emergency, a first responder is a designated trained person providing first help prior to the arrival of an ambulance.  Typically, these have more repeated training "under the belt" than "just" the red cross course you pass when applying for a driver's licence. (In some schools / universities, you are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab until at least one first responder is in proximity.)
Comment: @Buttonwood In Germany, we have "Ersthelfer", employees with a professional or academic degree, and a one week first aid course (+ regular refresher courses). Every "workplace" building must have a certain number of them registered per floor, depending, and their names and office numbers are printed on the evacuation plans you find on every corridor. But: Those people know what is going on where they might be called for help, and in a chemistry building, they are generally chemists. This seems not the case with our OP, if I understand correctly.
Answer: Well, in theory, a few compounds could become explosive when crystallizing out of a solution (which is promoted by low temperatures) though I do not think that "turning off burners" would be enough. The "best" candidate I can imagine would be "azidoazide azide" which can detonate for... just any reason! But nobody uses it, just because of that.
Comment: It seems as azidoazide azide is pretty unstable with most things. I do like where you are going with something crystallizing as time passes. Sometimes we are at a scene for days. I guess the question would be, is there something that is air reactive in a crystalline state that would be stable as a solution.
Comment: Another mechanism would be the solvent evaporating over days. So the solution of the compound is stable, but the dry compound is not.


Why was Homunculus pulled into the gate?

Question: Homunculus did not try to revive a dead person. Why was Homunculus confronted with Truth when Edward gave him the last punch?
Answer: Because

it came out from the Gate in the first place, in the piece of alchemy done by Xerxian alchemist using some of Hohenheim's blood. In a way, it has just returned home.

It did perform human transmutation multiple times. Human transmutation is much wider term than you give it credit for but even if we take the narrowest view, at some point Father literally returns the souls of king of Xerses into the bodies he created, mostly as a form of shock tactics to keep our heroes flatfooted. We can say he evaded punishment for that act only because he had God as part of himself then.

As for wider term: the whole process of creating philosopher stones could be seen as human transmutation, a horrible attempt to evade the cost that human transmutation carries. Creation of philosopher stones skims the line of human transmutation on technicality, the same way creation of human chimeras and mobile pieces of armor does. Even if it didn't, Father has enough philosopher stones to undo any and all damage done to him by Truth. Truth makes him blind? Father regenerates his eyes. etc etc. We can also see in the example of Roy Mustang: Roy was forced to do the human transformation but he didn't do it on a dead body, he did it on still living Golden-Toothed Doctor. And changed him into something gooey and wrong but still living, thanks to Pride.
Comment: Human transmutation performed on the living resulting in a trip to the Gate of Truth seems to have only happened twice. There's Roy Mustang being forced through the Gate of Truth by Pride (which seems to have taken quite a toll on his philosopher's stone reserves and is not something he'd have done if not forced) and there's the time Ed and Ling got swallowed by Gluttony. Ed performs human transmutation on himself to get them back to the real world via the Gate of Truth. Both times specifically facilitated via the philosopher's stone. I think otherwise you do need to try resurrecting the dead
Comment: An alchemist is confronted by truth if the alchemist wants to play god by reversing death. Human Transmutation itself (i.e. creating philosophers stones, creating chimeras) is not "playing god", otherwise Shou Tucker or Dr. Marcoh would have seen truth.
Comment: @Raildex as I have written in my answer, they are "released on technicality". Mayhaps the correct thing is to say "Human transmutation is not forbidden, trying to open the Gate of Truth to return dead to life is. Trying to open it for any other reason is not."


Why would stain change color from one project to another?

Question: I am staining a door and when I did the first side last weekend.. The stain matched other wood in the house beautifully.  But when I went to do the other side this weekend.. The stain is much darker.. Even though I am using the same can? What should I do to lighten it up? What could have caused it to be so different?
Comment: I'm inadequately stirred? Applied to a different kind of wood? Sanded differently (which affects how much stain the wood will absorb)? Left to soak in longer before being wiped off (if it was a real stain rather than a glaze) or applied more thickly (if it was a glaze rather than a stain)?  ... Technique matters.
Comment: Do you have a picture of both sides of the door? Specifically what stain you used and perhaps do you know what kind of wood the door is made from? Veneer? Solid wood etc.?
Comment: Are you comparing two dried and cured coats to each other?
Comment: If this is an exterior door, and the darker side happens to be the outside, it should fade a bit with age. Not ideal and it will take a while, but the easiest solution.
Answer: I'm presuming below that you used actual stain, something intended to colour wood only, and not a finish-and-stain product such as "gel stain" which is a coloured varnish despite its (confusing) name.

What could have caused it to be so different?

I'm afraid we won't be able to answer this definitively for you because there are many variables. Here's a short list of what can affect a stain's colouring ability, one or more points may apply to your situation:

Stain not stirred/shaken equally in both cases. Some 'stains' are coloured with pigment (not dye molecules) and as this is little particles they can settle to the bottom of the container.
Lid left off between uses — solvent evaporates, making the stain more concentrated so it colours more strongly.
Stain left on a little longer the second time — stain will give a darker result the longer it is left on the surface (within limits) so when two surfaces have to match it's important to apply the stain in exactly the same manner.
Wood not prepped exactly the same on both sides — coarser sanding will generally make wood stain more darkly (larger scratches can hold more colour). Also, cross-grain scratches will give you a darker result than the same wood sanded with the same grit in line with the grain.
Worn versus fresh sandpaper. The same grit can yield a different sanding result if fresh paper is used in one case and worn paper in another (or if by the time you are finished sanding the paper is worn). Worn paper leaves a smoother result and can additionally burnish the wood surface, both of which lessen the ability of wood to take stain.
One side of the door was exposed more than the other so it wasn't the same colour to begin with, along with other possible effects*.
The side that ended up lighter had a sealer or finish applied to it and the other didn't (or a thicker coat was applied to the first side) preventing it from being able to absorb as much stain.

Last but not least:

Depending on how the door is constructed there's a very good chance each side is made from different pieces of wood, and with individual pieces of wood (whether solid wood or veneers bonded to any panel material) there is always the chance that they can take stain differently.

What should I do to lighten it up?

This can be very tricky to do. You should prepare yourself for the possibility that you won't be able to lighten the second side fully and may just have to live with it, unless you're willing to go through the process of completely stripping, scraping and sanding to get back to bare wood and start again from scratch. Fair warning, this is even more difficult and more of a timesuck than you're thinking!
One of the standard responses for this is to lightly abrade the surface but there's every likelihood that this won't be your best option here since you'll much more easily expose bare wood along edges and at corners compared to the large flat areas.
Depending on the stain type wiping down with an appropriate solvent may be the best thing to try, but there are no guarantees if or how well this will work (and again, the effect tends to concentrate on edges).
With an oil-based stain mineral spirits may still work if the stain hasn't dried for too long, if it has then try acetone.
If it's a waterbased stain you could try just water, but often you'll need to use an organic solvent to lift the stain once dry. Denatured alcohol may work, try xylene if it doesn't.
I think it's unlikely you used an alcohol-based stain but if you did the solvent to try is denatured alcohol.

*In addition to light exposure directly affecting the colour of the wood (often there is a slight bleaching while with some species, e.g. cherry, the wood goes a little darker and shifts colouring slightly), the side that was exposed more ages in a certain way, becoming less acceptant of stain than wood which was exposed to less air.


finder is very slow to show files in yosemite 10.10.3

Question: After the update to Yosemite 10.10.3 finder takes a long time to show the files.
MacbookPro Core i7 8GB, HD120GB solid, 15G free
Answer: I also faced a very, very slow Finder. After looking around on the Internet I just started trying different things.
This worked for me:

Make sure you have a backup using Time Machine (I did not need it, but you better do it in case...).
Open Disk Utility and check the Macintosh.
It showed different problems in my case, and wasn't able to repair it using Disk Utility. Therefore follow the next steps.
Restart your laptop holding cmd+R until the Apple logo appears.
Choose to repair the disk.
Answer: This could be entirely normal and transitory or it could be something you need to resolve.
To start, open Activity Monitor and quit all the apps you have running except it. Watch for 60 seconds and then make a screen shot of the window for reference.

Command Shift 4 - the cursor changes to a cross
press Space - the cursor now snaps the window
click on the activity monitor window

Grab snaps of CPU / Memory / Energy and then again 5 minutes later.
If Finder is still slow - post your results and/or let us know if you need help deciphering what Activity Monitor is doing. Based on what's busy (or what's not busy) - you can then dig into which Finder folders and views are not snappy.
Comment: Also - for me. I pay attention to Memory Pressure alone. What tasks are using is almost never important unless you have pressure and want to know what apps to tune or quit. Under Energy - I sort by Avg Energy Impact descending. CPU I sort by % descending. Also be sure the View is All Processes


"Inter-Stack" Feature for Questions Deserving of Multiple Stacks.

Question: Perhaps an "inter-stack" feature could be added to deal with question like this that are applicable on another stack as well. Such a feature would allow a single question and answers to appear on multiple sites. Reputation and badges could be awarded to the stack from-which the viewer came - or in the case of search-engine traffic make the user choose which stack to join before upvoting.
Comment: @BenBrocka It was [Manish's](http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/131950/asking-on-multiple-sites-soft-migration) proposal for "soft migration".
Comment: @jonsca that's the one. Could have swore it was Mad Scientist's. No wonder I couldn't find it.
Comment: I think this makes the most sense on the Science sites (eg Chem + physics or Bio + Cognitive Sciences) but a similar proposal was made...which I can't currently find
Answer: In the case of a question that is potentially on-topic for multiple sites, the best thing to do is play to the strengths of each site by asking a tailored question that focuses on the aspect that is most topical for each site. You will get much higher quality answers to a specific question that is more focused on the aspect of the question related to the site scope.
Each community has different approaches to questions and the extra time invested in learning these and adapting questions to them is well worth the effort.
Catering a feature to people who want to ask broad questions and are too lazy to spend the extra time to narrow down their scope or cater them do a different community is not something that I think would generally enhance the quality of content on the SE network.


What is so unique in Judgement of Solomon

Question: In the book of Kings 1, chapter 3, verses 16-28, as well as in the Haftara of Parashat Miketz, Solomon's Judappears. And apparently the sentence is puzzling, why would the woman who is not the baby's mother agree to kill him? Is she so wicked that she is willing to kill an innocent baby? Would Yehudia agree to such a thing? And moreover, in light of this, it is clear to the two women that King Shlomo would not kill an innocent baby. If so how did this alleged threat make a woman who is not the mother agree? And finally, the people applauded Solomon's wisdom in this sentence. Is this proof of Solomon's righteous judgment? Is this thing that one of the women accidentally confessed due to her wickedness a proof of Shlomo's righteousness? Were there not other sentences that showed his wisdom more than this case?
Comment: The other woman wasn't evil, just uncaring. She was so caught up in having a kid, she was ok with having half a kid- so long as she wasn't shown to be wrong. The mother, on the other hand, cares about her baby and would rather it go to a foreign woman than die. This understanding of psyches shows Shlomo's ability to pass correct (and therefore righteous) judgement. This is basically Shlomo beating the prisoners dilemma
Comment: The Malbim explains this very well. https://www.sefaria.org/I_Kings.3.16?lang=bi&with=Malbim&lang2=en and onward. See his words: Solomon knew which one was lying all along. The trick was drawing out of her the desire that even she did not realize.
Answer: The Meiri (Yevamos 17b) gives a fascinating explanation of the case and of Shlomo's insight:

והוא הענין שנאמר בהגדה על אותן שתים נשים זונות שבאו לדין לפני שלמה שהרי כשצוה שלמה לגזור את הילד החי והשיבה האחת תנו לה את הילוד החי והמת אל תמיתוהו היה ראוי לאחרת להשיב את שלי היא נותנת לי וכשאמרה גם לי גם לך גו' סכלות היה ופתיות שלה ומה היה מכיר שלמה בדבר זה ומה תועלת היה רואה לה בדבריה אלא ששתי נשים אלו כלה וחמותה היו ומתו בעליהן בלא בנים אחרים אלא אלו השנים ומת ילד זה של הכלה וכל שמת תוך שלשים נדון כנפל והרי היא זקוקה ליבום וכשמצאה עצמה צריכה להמתין לאותו ולד של חמותה ותתעגן י"ג שנים החליפה חי במת כדי לומר שבנה הוא ותפטר משני צדדין שהרי תאמר שיש לה בן ואין לה יבם וכשאמר שלמה גזרו את הילד החי שמחה מפני שנוח היה לה בכך כדי לינשא בהיתר והרגיש שלמה בענין זה והשאירו לחמותה

[Previously he's explained the point that yibbum applies only if the deceased's brother was born before (even a moment before) his older brother's death.]
This explains what is told about the two zonos women who came to Shlomo for judgment. When Shlomo ordered the live child to be cut in two, and one said "Give her the living one, but don't kill him," shouldn't the other one have answered, "[Of course,] she's just giving me mine"? When she said "Neither mine nor yours," wasn't that foolish and stupid of her? What was Shlomo's insight here, and what benefit did he perceive her to be [trying to] get with her words?
Rather, these two women were a daughter-in-law and a mother-in-law, both of whose husbands had died, leaving no other children besides these two. The daughter-in-law's son died; having died within thirty days [of birth], he is considered a stillbirth, and so she [the DIL] would require yibbum. Finding herself having to wait on her MIL's baby, where she would be in limbo for 13 years [until said baby would be old enough to perform yibbum], she exchanged the live baby with the dead one, to claim that it's her son and that thus she should be doubly exempt [from yibbum], saying that she has a son and no brother-in-law. When Shlomo ordered the live baby cut in half, she was happy, since that would make it easier for her to be allowed to remarry. Shlomo realized this, and assigned the baby to her MIL.
Comment: @Avi The Midrash (Shir Hashirim Rabbah 1:10 and Koheles Rabbah 10:16) cites an opinion that "they were yevamos" (sisters-in-law). Presumably Meiri understands it somewhat differently, that they were both involved in an issue of yibbum.
Comment: Thanks for your answer. Is there any clue in the story itself that supports the Malbim explanations? Since the only words that gives a background about the women is "Zonot". Did King Solomon, know all about their background before the sentence?
Answer: I have a "fan theory" about this. The story of the two women is used as the example of Solomon's wisdom because it represents his ascent to power and his undoing.
Shlomo becomes king, but feels shaky on his throne so initiates a dynastic marriage with Egypt. God reassures him and tells that he will be with Shlomo is Shlomo follows his ways. Shlomo accepts and God grants him wisdom.
"Then come two women, prostitutes, to the king". Or is it "Then come two women, prostitutes to the king"? These women have slept with the Shlomo and the child is actually his. Shlomo reasons that the true mother would never split the baby.
The child is Jerobam, whose mother was a cleaning woman, and widow,  in the palace. Both his presumed parents have names that have a meaning relating to seeds because Jerobam is planted and lays dormant until he comes out into the story. He is described as an Efrathaite, which has a double meaning: Ephraimite or someone from the King David family. Note: Jerobam is anointed by a real prophet. Yet the scepter must not pass from David. He thus must be a son of David.
Then Shlomo marries a bunch of other women, who worship idols an get him worshiping idols. One of these women is Naamah the Ammonite. The principal god of Ammon is Molech. And Shlomo worships Molech and builds an alter to him. Molech is the worst god to worship: there is a standalone mitzva about it.
God then decides to take away Shlomo's gift of wisdom and security. Naamah's son is Rehobam, who behaves in colossally stupid way, resulting in the kingdom being split. God is the owner of the Jewish people and he decreed it be split. The reasoning of the initial judgment is thus proven wrong. The gift of wisdom and the integrity of the kingdom are given and removed with the same instrument: Jerobam.
Comment: נָשִׁ֥ים זֹנ֖וֹת אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ the cantillation makes it clear: the women were *zonot*, and they came to the king.


Does insulating homes make sense as a carbon footprint reduction strategy if no thermostats are installed?

Question: Does insulating homes make sense as a carbon footprint reduction strategy if no thermostats are installed? In Russia, we generally don't have them. If heat built up thanks to better insulation, people would just open their windows and the excessive heat would just be wasted. We have rundown buildings, but they need to be demolished altogether, not insulated, with people relocated elsewhere. Is insulation a proposal fit only for EU countries and such? If so, they are decently insulated as it is, it appears to me. Why is it promoted so much then?
Comment: even without a thermostat, one should be able to turn the radiators down, no?
Comment: @njzk2 it's either on or off
Answer: It's true that if you feed a constant heating power to a building, and insulate it better, it's still constant power so same energy consumption. The insulation in such a case would just increase temperature indoors.
However, I'm 99% sure there are no buildings heated by constant power input, because the weather ourdoors is constantly changing. There has to be some adjustment, either closed loop (thermostats) or open loop (predict the heat power need based on temperature outdoors).
If you have thermostats, it's easy: the insulation is very beneficial. If you don't have thermostats, perhaps you should consider installing them, as I'm sure adding extra insulation will be at least 10x costlier than just installing thermostats.
If the control is open loop, it's still possible to get extra benefit from additional insulation. That open loop control is then just adjusted to deliver a little bit less heat to the buildings at a given temperature.
In a district heating network, a primitive open loop control could be that every building has a certain water flow speed (which can usually be adjusted with some adjustment screw), and the district heating network temperature depends on the predicted average heating need in the area, based on the temperature outdoors. In such a case, the adjustment screw just needs to be turned to result in little bit less water flow to get the energy benefits from better insulation.
So, the answer is: yes, insulation is always a good plan if it can be done cost-effectively.
Comment: @SergeyZolotarev No. Usually in district heating water flow can be adjusted per-apartment or at least per-building.
Comment: But unless you insulate every single home, adjusting anything down would make some people freeze, wouldn't it?
Answer: Not all homes, everywhere are insulated. Insulation also is relevant in hot climates to keep homes cool. Installing insulation is usually one of the first steps to reduce energy usage for heating or cooling.
As for Russia, I'm assuming homes are provided heating from a "neighborhood heating center" and that the only control home occupiers have is to either have the heating on or off or to open or close the windows. In such situations the benefit of having all homes insulated is that the "neighborhood heating center" can deliver less heat to the homes. If it currently supplies hot water for radiators at a certain temperature, with all homes well insulated that temperature could be reduced resulting in the heating center using less energy to heat the water.
Answer:
Does insulating homes make sense as a carbon footprint reduction strategy if no thermostats are installed?

Insulating homes purely as a strategy for reducing their carbon footprint makes sense only if the occupants need to run heating and or cooling devices. If heating and or cooling are necessary, the simplest, most available 'thermostat' still being used in the majority of the world, I assume, is the human occupant. If we feel too hot they'll open a window, if they feel too cool they might put on more clothes, or invite sun-warmth into the house. And they can turn down or up their own heating and cooling devices if they live in an independent house, or install a thermostat to help with that if they live in a block of flats.
As electronic thermostats can only measure and implement a general temperature, human thermostats will still need to fine tune for their personal comfort.
Comment: @ctrl-alt-delor *Insulation is pointless, if you are opening windows to control the temperature **while running the heating***. Plenty of us in temperate climates control temperature with the windows in summer, and heat our houses in the winter. Insulation reduces the need for heating and also probably  reduces solar gain.
Comment: @ChrisH Yes. Opening windows, while heating or cooling systems are running. Is the problem. Not the opening of the windows. I often open windows, if this will control the temperature, without resorting to turning on some device to do it.
Comment: Insulation is pointless, if you are opening windows to control the temperature.
Answer: If you are venting heat to atmosphere as a temperature control tool, then the first thing to do is fix this problem.
I once lived in a block of flats with community heating, and radiators that were too powerful. My strategy was to cover the radiators with towels. If I was staying longer, and had permission, I would have boxed the radiators in, and used a thermostat controlled flap to let the heat out.
When your heating controls are improved, then think about insulation.
Also help everyone else using the community heating system.
Comment: You can normally also adjust valves, even if it's just nearly closing an isolating valve mainly meant for maintenance.  In one rented house I had to do both - the combination of me feeling the cold less than my housemates and a rather uneven system meant my room was an oven if they were warm enough.  After covering the radiator with towels, pushing furniture up against it also helps
Answer: Yes, if you can adjust the temperature of the water heating the building. E.g. with my house's heating system, I can choose the building's "type": well insulated, moderately insulated or poorly insulated. The value I chose affects the temperature of the water sent from the heating unit to the radiators. (Other factors such as outdoor temperature are also involved).
And if the heating source is carbon positive of course :)
Answer: In desert climates, one building technique is to use massive walls, either stone or adobe.  The net result is a building that takes days to come to equilibrium with the outside temperature.  Over a period of weeks to a month, depending on wall thickness the building will come to an equilibrium of the average temperature +- a few degrees.
In a desert climate with daytime temps of 120 and night time temps of 30, this would give an interior temp that would stay close to 75 degrees.
Windows with shutters can be used to adjust this 10-15 degrees either way.
Large buildings (think big skyscrapers) even in winter have a net cooling problem.  When a building is several hundred feet thick, the waste heat from lights, computers, photocopiers etc produce more heat than the building can shed.  Outer walls lose heat, but inside rooms generate more than is lost.
The answer is to move air, mix it withs some outside air, and adjust the temperature, and redistribute it.  Air to the outer wall rooms has to be warmer to make for all that cold glass.
Answer: Insulation is a passive technology that requires no energy or fuel to run it, and once installed, lasts decades. Thus its more useful and economical to insulate homes, than invest in new heating technology.


Lagrange's method with infinite number of constraints?

Question: In economics, one often face the following maximization problem:
$
\max_{{\{c(t)\}}_{t=1}^\infty}\sum_{t=0}^\infty \beta^tu(c(t)),
$
where $\beta$ is the discount factor, $u(c(t))$ is the utility of consumption at time $t$. Very often we have one constraint for each time period in this type of problems, so there end up being infinite number of constraints. Many just proceed to take FOCs as if there were finite number of constraints. My question is what theorem guarantees that Lagrange's method work for infinite number of constraints? What about Kuhn-Tucker conditions?
Answer: To my knowledge there is no theorem allowing to use the Kuhn-Tucker conditions with an infinite number of constraints. However, if these constraints are non-negativity constraints (or other simple restriction on the domain of the solutions), and if the problem is convex (or concave), one can use a generalization of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker theorem to series, from Bachir & Fabre (forthcoming), see this other post.