Install bashmark on ubuntu 12.04

Question: I followed the instructions at this page: http://www.huyng.com/projects/bashmarks/
to install bashmark on ubuntu.
I have not understood what the guide mean with "add source ~/.local/bin/bashmarks.sh from within your ~.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc file". What am I supposed to do?
Comment: Do you now have a `~/.local/bin/bashmarks.sh` file?
Comment: Yes I have found it
Answer: It asks you to open a terminal and open either ~/.bash_profile or your ~/.bashrc and type the following at the end of the file:
source ~/.local/bin/bashmarks.sh

This will execute the contents of ~/.local/bin/bashmarks.sh in the current shell everytime you start a new instance of bash.
See this question for more on what source does:

What does source do?

Install bashmark on ubuntu 12.04


light fixture wattage question

Question: I purchased a light kit that requires 3 light bulbs and says 100 Watt max.  Does this mean that the wattage of the 3 bulbs can only add up to 100 watts or does that mean that each lightbulb can be no more than 100 watts.  For example, can I use 3 60 watt bulbs?
Comment: I would think that the _100 watt max_ applies to each socket rather than being what the fixture must not exceed in sum. You could put three 100 watt bulbs in those 3 sockets.
Answer: The wattage ratings are typically listed to reduce possibility of excess /heat/ buildup in the fixture.  If you want to use 3x 60 watt bulbs, consider replacing traditional incandescent bulbs with newer CFL (spiral) or LED bulbs.  Either choice will use much less electricity and also emit much less heat, staying within the safety rating for the fixture.

light fixture wattage question


MIRTH: How do I send different message types (i.e. an ADT vs an ORU) coming in on a channel to two different destination files?

Question: MIRTH: How do I send different message types coming in on a channel to two different destination files?
Answer: There are 2 things in Mirth, Filter and Transformers.
Filter is used when you have a specific requirement. It process on the input message, check for a given criteria which in this case can be your message type and route it appropriately to a file location.
Transformer on the other hand deals with the content of the message and alters it, based on your requirement. For Eg. Modifying the message type from ADT^09 to ADT^10 can be done through a transformer.
Transformer increases processing speed and has an overhead.
Based on your scenario, I would recommend using a filter against transformer. Check here
Answer: Configure your channel to have two destinations. Create a filter in each of the destinations that only allows the correct message type to be processed.


Surface acoustic wave

Question: Why does a surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagate only in the surface leyer of the solid, let's assume a semiconductor?
One can create such a SAW through an interdigital transducer (IDT) as I read, but why does this IDT create a SAW and not an acoustic wave that propagates in the whole volume of the semiconductor?
And how had one to modify his approach so that volume acoustic waves are created?
Answer: The Rayleigh waves in question are a kind of evanescent wave. At least this is what happens in a surface acoustic wave filter - a neat device that converts electrical signals into acoustic ones and then back again by the piezo-electric effect, allowing the designer the exploit the low acoustic velocity to realise complex filter responses from the wave interference effects of the surface acoustic waves.
This evanescence arises because the spatial frequency of the interdigital launching structure is chosen to be higher than the wavenumber of the acoustic wave at that frequency. This means that, if $x$ is in the direction along the surface, and $z$ the direction into the surface, then $k_x > k$, where $k_x$ is the $x$-component of the wavevector and therefore, since the components of the acoustic wave fulfil Helmholtz's equation $(\nabla^2 +k^2)\psi=0$, we have that $k^2 = k_z^2 + k_x^2\Rightarrow k_z^2 = k^2-k_x^2<0$. Therefore, $k_z$ is imaginary, and the Fourier components of the wave vary in the homogeneous acoustic material like:
$$\psi(x,\,z) = \psi_0\,e^{i\,k_x\,x} \,e^{-\sqrt{k_x^2-k^2}\,z}$$
and so the waves scoot along the surface, and dwindle exponentially with depth into the substrate.
The way of make the transducer excite waves throughout the volume of the substrate is to run it at frequencies high enough that $k_x$, set by the interdigital transducer period, is less than the wavenumber $k = 2\pi/\lambda = \omega/c_a$, where $\omega$ is the source's frequency and $/c_a$ the acoustic velocity for Rayleigh waves (which are combined shear and longitutinal waves).
Evanescence through excitation boundary conditions is also the mechanism whereby total internal reflexion of light (or of acoustic waves) happens: I discuss this more fully in my answer here.
Comment: And there are other solutions that occur near surfaces, like Airy waves (if I'm remembering correctly).  A good book on elasticity and acoustics with a chapter on earthquake waves will provide more solutions than you can shake a stick at!
Comment: @JonCuster Very true, but the question was about SAW devices with (presumably) subwavelength interdigital transducers.
Comment: I understand - I always found the plethora of solutions to the equations for elastic waves to be a reminder that even supposedly simple equations can have a number of interesting answers.
Comment: @JonCuster I agree. Even the Helmholtz equation's uniqueness and existence conditions are very complicated. No-one has proven existence or uniqueness of solutions of the general Navier Stokes equation and we really have little intuition for the potential solutions of thus simple equation, which very clearly states conservation of momentum. If you can make significant progress on this one, you'd be in the running for a [Clay Mathematics prize](http://www.claymath.org/millenium-problems/navier%E2%80%93stokes-equation).
Answer: Bulk acoustic waves - like the one in the quartz piezo-electric in watches or on computer chips are typically launched perpendicular to the surface by a bulk transducer.
More generally, however, In a material with one or more parallel, flat surfaces, the modes of the system can all be classified by their frequencies $\omega$ and in plane two-component wavevector $\vec k_{pl}
$.  Surface Acoustic Waves are launched (often) by making a device that chooses appropriate values of $\omega$ and $\vec k_{pl}$ for the Surface Wave.  The Interdigitated Transducer has a period in space that is $2\pi /\mid k_{pl}\mid$ e.g.  The Surfaces waves for any $\vec k _{pl}$ typically have very different (lower) frequencies than any bulk wave.  As bulk waves are usually characterized by an additional component of the wavevector $k_\perp$ there will be a range of frequencies for bulk waves with any given $\vec k _{pl}$, however all such frequencies are typically substantially higher that for  the surface wave.  Thus bulk waves can probably generically be produced simply by driving a SAW producing interdigitated transducer at a higher frequency.  However, I would want to know, prior to suggesting this, why you want a bulk wave which is not traveling perpendicular to the surface.  I doubt such waves move terribly deep into the system.  They may have useful applications but I don't think of one immediately.

Surface acoustic wave


Assuming God is real, can the level of joy we desire exceed the amount He desires/can create?

Question: Can we, in our best attempts, desire for a level of happiness above what an infinite God can provide us with in Heaven?
Comment: I don't think this is the right site for this, but no, it doesn't follow, because you as a mortal are prone to error and therefore can imagine things that are not actually possible without noticing your mistake.  So you may imagine more joy/whatever than God could provide, or you may imagine it differently than God would intend it.  (Also, if God turns out not to be a logically coherent concept as you've stated it, "assume true = false" lets you prove pretty much everything....)
Comment: I thinking your missing what I mean (maybe I didn't explain well)...there is an inexpressable desire in some people, attatched to NO certain object. Obviously we might well fall in our efforts to imagine what this desire is for. I am talking about LEVELS of desire. I think it would contradict Christian ideas of God if one were to think that a mortal can desire more joy than God can provide. it almost states that we have a greater capacity than the infinite Himself!
Comment: @Rex Kerr It's also important to point out that I am talking about the joy God can give us when we see Him in Heaven. Not now (that, indeed, might be a nonesense question as we don't know the ins and outs of our life now...I assume, if God is real, however, that our ultimate destiney is joyous and loving (God in the Bible is Love and brings joy).
Answer: In our imagination we have constructed numbers larger than all the atoms in the universe, and larger than in any concievable universe.
Words such as bliss, the ineffable & sublime reflect different aspects of transcendence.
Though one can say that we may be mistaken in our intuitions and our intimations - the Descartian doubt - it is also our sensibility that at root makes sense of the world and of words. Doubt obstinately and analytically defiant leads to the realm of solipsism - a cul-de-sac of thought. Doubt of that kind is the intellect introspecting. Sensibility cannot doubt as its the ground of our being.  Rather, with Heidegger one should have the world ready-at-hand; the world within and without. The sensual impact of the world without on our sensibility conditions our becoming as do the intimitations from the world within - they are at-hand.
The Good & the Beautiful - in their proper sense - and not as kitsch - as Plato knew it - is a reflection of the ineffable divine order in us.
In many religous traditions a correspondance is created between the divine realm and the human realm. Prometheus stole the fire of the gods - the divine spark - that illumines spirit.
Tagore, the Bengali poet & intellectual wrote:

Thous hast made me endless, such is thy pleasure. This frail
vessel thou emptiest again and again, and fillest ever with fresh life
This little flute of a reed thou hast carried over hills and dales,
...
Thy infinite gifts come to me only on these small hands of mine
Ages pass, and still thy pourest, and still there is room to fill.

Tagore reflects on the possibility of infinite feeling and transcendence. In (one aspect) of the Hindu tradition one dissolves into the god-head (Brahman). In this poetic fragment he's using an image that opens Rumis Masnavi, the sufi Islamic treatise and acknowledging an affinity between these two very different traditions at some level.
So, yes; because the imagination and sensibility is more capacious than we can say. Wittgenstein made a distinction between show & say. We know much more than can be said. We have seen much more than can be said - and I do not mean here by this the instrumental power of the eye - take it, perhaps as the eye of the imagination - which identifies both inner & outer forms of sensibility. Then what is revealed to us - cannot be said - but it has been shown.
As to whether, we can imagine a greater joy/bliss/desire - I'm not sure that the logical nature of greater obtains in such discourse as this. Its the existence of intimations of such that I'm answering here.
Answer: The element of free will is something u dd not factor in your hypothesis.
The God did not create robots, so the choice that one makes determines the level of joy/happiness
Comment: But I mean, at our upmost ability are we able to desire more joy than the Lord can provide?
Comment: Your question is self contradictory in light of free-will. Or maybe i just dont understand your question.
Comment: I don't mean do all humans automatically recieve the an amount of desire for some level of happiness above what God can give us?- I mean can we, in our best attempts, desire for a level of happiness above what God can provide us in Heaven?
Answer: If you have Jesus in your Heart, then you have the Holy Spirit, which a fruit comprises of joy.
Galatians 5:22 - 5:23
When you constantly communicate with God in your head & spirit, You achieve complete happiness.  Similar to the effects of the drug "ecstasy" (MDMA).
According to being happier than you will be in Heaven, I would have to say no.


Cannot Add Friends to Business Page

Question: I created a page for my condo community and am trying to add friends but there is no option for this. I created it as a local business and edited it accordingly, have pressed ALL the possible tabs, but no luck. Plus, when I search for the page through another FBook profile, it cannot be found. Help!
Answer: Businesses can't add friends because that's how Pages work. You can only import a list of emails so that people get notified of the page. Facebook should be showing you the option to do so on the Getting Started tab.
Comment: Not true... I have the same problem as Lena Masson. I also cannot add friends. But, my fellow administrator can. I also cannot add friends anymore for my other pages, yet my fellow administrators can (same pages). I really don't understand what the problem is...

Cannot Add Friends to Business Page


SSR to replace the contactor

Question: Can I use SSR to replace the contactor for a water pump? So that one hour works and one hour is off. Does this work damages SSR?(for example pool purification pump)
Comment: Welcome to EE.SE. To get proper help, you have to be more specific. Provide more information. Circuit diagram, more explanation about your problem etc.
Answer: Starting and stopping a motor is difficult duty, but if the SSR is properly rated for that duty it should not be damaged. Make sure that the SSR is rated for motor duty according to the applicable standards in your part of the world.
Answer: Without giving us the motor type, current, and starter type, we can't really answer...
Many pumps have a two stage startup with two contactors one for power, one for start/run capacitor.
This is how my septic tank pump works.
It has a very high start current, so a contactor is a pretty cheap choice. In my pump 3 big SSR's would be required to replace the contactors.
My pump contactor is controlled by a float switch. The float switch does not carry the run current, just the control current for the contactor.
A single, small, SSR could be put in series with the float switch, and control the pump.
The actual pump current is still switched by the existing contactors.
In fact I have considered exactly this, because the pump power circuit is what I use to charge the car, and occasionally it trips the breaker when the pump happens to start while the car is charging.

SSR to replace the contactor


Rails Application Cannot Connect to Local MySQL Server Through Named-Pipe/Socket --- Windows 7 x64

Question: I'm trying to set up a Rails application to use a MySQL server on my local machine for development.  I have successfully compiled the mysql2 gem against MySQLConnector/C; although I have received the same error using  libmysql.dll bundled with my installation of MySQL Server.  When I attempt to rake db:create, the application fails to connect to the MySQL Server.
MySQL is configured on my machine as a Windows service, started automatically for local-only connections through named-pipes; TCP-IP has been completely disabled.  The name of the socket in my my.ini file is mysql.
My database.yml file for my Rails application looks something like this:

development:
  adapter: mysql2
  encoding: utf8   reconnect: false
  database: application_dev
  pool: 5
  username: root
password: **********
host: localhost
  socket: mysql
test:
  adapter: mysql2
  encoding: utf8   reconnect: false
  database: application_test
  pool: 5
  username: root
password: **********
host: localhost
  socket: mysql

And the error I'm recieving is:

D:\Dropbox\Programming\Ruby\application>rake db:create
  (in D:/Dropbox/Programming/Ruby/application)
  Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' (10061)
  Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"mysql2", "encoding"=>"utf8", "reconnect"=>false, "database"=>"application_test", "pool"=>5, "username"=>"root", "password"=>"**********", "host"=>"localhost", "
  socket"=>"mysql"}, charset: utf8, collation: utf8_unicode_ci
Can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost' (10061)
  Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"mysql2", "encoding"=>"utf8", "reconnec
  t"=>false, "database"=>"applicaton_dev", "pool"=>5, "username"=>"root", "password
  "=>"**********", "host"=>"localhost", "socket"=>"mysql"}, charset: utf8, collation: utf8_unicode_ci

I'm using Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit with the following Ruby/Rails/MySQL distribution:
ruby 1.9.2p180 (2011-02-18) [i386-mingw32]
Rails 3.0.7
mysql2 rubygem 0.2.7
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.11, for Win32 (x86)
mysql Connector/C 6.0.0
I've tried reinstalling MySQL Server and enabling TCP-IP connections, and it just hangs instead of failing.
Answer: Try to specify the port number in your database.yml adding this parameter:
port: 3306 (or whatever your mysql port has)


Is the Paragram_300_SL999 Word Embeddings file corrupt?

Question: I need to use the Paragram_SL999_300 embeddings for my project that uses the open source code from a published article (https://github.com/cecilialeiqi/adversarial_text). When I try to run Step 4 (generate adversarial examples) from https://github.com/cecilialeiqi/adversarial_text, I get a ValueError saying int() expected but got ','. I know from the readme.txt for Paragram-SL999 300 that is supposed to be one token per line followed by its embeddings. Upon trying to open the Paragram_SL999_300.txt file to see if it matches this criteria, it loads about half way and then closes the TextEditor, without letting me edit it. Furthermore, it crashes LibreOffice if I try and open it in there. This was in an Ubuntu 18.04 Virtual Machine. However, I wasn't sure if this was because the author's code is wrong (in discrete_attack.py at https://github.com/cecilialeiqi/adversarial_text/blob/master/src/discrete_attack.py) or because the file is corrupt so I tried downloading and extracting the Paragram-SL999 300 archive from Wieting's website (http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jwieting/) on my Windows computer, I get a message saying that the archive is corrupted, which prevents me from extracting the Paragram_SL999_300.txt file and also using it. On another Windows computer, I get the Error Code 0x80004005: Unspecified error when trying to extract the archive.
Is there any way to get around this issue or anyone who can provide insight on it? Would it be recommended instead to produce the embeddings from Wieting's GitHub (https://github.com/jwieting/paragram-word)? I would very much appreciate any input as these embeddings are paramount to my project.
Answer: I managed to download it from the Google drive link at https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B9w48e1rj-MOck1fRGxaZW1LU2M%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&data=02%7C01%7C%7C36fd021bae0343bbe54408d7bdd28c81%7C1faf88fea9984c5b93c9210a11d9a5c2%7C0%7C0%7C637186584305548961&sdata=PouX2kyBlnQHpzAaDKjqe7gFC3ctti6tjBcGWt8pg1s%3D&reserved=0. In the end it worked but I'm not sure why the other times I was unable to get it to work. Also, I didn't realise that for the code I had I also I needed to add the vocabulary size and the embedding size at the first line of the file (1703756 300).


Possible to create a "linked" copy of a project in Visual Studio?

Question: I'm wondering if there is an easy way to create a "linked" copy of a project in Visual Studio 2010 or 2012.  What I mean is, I already have my C# library project with all of my files in it (used to create TFS Checkin Policies for VS 2010).  Now in order for me to have my checkin policies work on VS 2012, I need to change the references to reference the new v11.0 Team Foundation dlls.  Since I still want to update and use my checkin policies on VS 2010, instead of changing the references in my project, I want to create a new project that will use the new v11.0 references, but still reference the actual files stored in the original project; so it is essentially a linked copy of the original project.
I know that I can do this manually by creating my new project, and then going Add Existing Item, pointing to the other project's files, and choosing "Add As Link".  The problem with this is that when I create new files and add them to the original project, they don't automatically get picked up and added to this new project; I have to remember to go in an "Add As Link" the new files in the new project.
I know after creating a XNA Windows Game project you can choose to create a XBox or Windows Phone copy of the project, which then creates a "linked" copy of the project that automatically picks up new folders and files added to the Windows project (exactly what I described above and am looking for).
So is there a way for us to do this ourselves for regular C# library classes in Visual Studio?  Or is the "Create Copy Of Project For Xbox 360 / Windows Phone" type of setup doing something funky that we can't replicate, or replicate easily?
Any suggestions are appreciated.  Thanks.
Answer: You can't In visual studio. Why not just write the code to import the required files you have created as it needs them, from the directory of the other project. Like DLL Import, or something.
Comment: I'm not quite sure what you mean here by "write the code to import the required files".  Are you saying to write a pre-build event script that modifies my project's .csproj file to add to it any files that are in the other project, but not in this one?


How to kill The Twins In Terraria

Question: In Terraria I often try to defeat spazmatism first, but when he transformed, his flamethrower killed me.
What is easiest way to kill The Twins?
Comment: There is this glitch were the laser eye disappear and the other eye comes then you only have to beat that one.you win. How to do the glitch: go as far away from the laser one or flame one then the laser or flame one will disappear.
Comment: If you're playing PC, one minor thing that always helps me is playing fullscreen, so you can see farther.
Answer: The Twins are, in my opinion, the toughest of the mechanical bosses (though the Destroyer is much tougher than it used to be). As such, I tend to take them on last. Here are a few strategies that I use to defeat them:
Arena
Set up a line (or lines) of wooden platforms in the air that you can jump up to and down from. The benefit of platforms over regular blocks is that ranged attacks can pass through them. I typically set up one arena for the all of the mechanical bosses: three levels of platforms, spaced about 20 blocks apart. Make sure you have campfires, heart lanterns, and wire up a heart statue (if you can find one) to four pressure plates (this will give you 4 hearts of healing every 10 seconds!).
Gear
I prefer using the Megashark with crystal bullets, as the splash damage from the crystal bullets helps tremendously. Chlorophyte bullets are another very useful option, thanks to their homing capability.
Wings are a must, as are either Spectre or Lightning boots; being able to move fast is key. An Obsidian Shield is very helpful, as are a Star Veil and a Charm of Myths.
Adamantite or Titanium armor at the very minimum. Hallowed armor is even better. Since I like using the Megashark, I typically go for the ranged helmet type, so I get the range damage bonus. I believe the Hallowed armor even has a chance to not consume ammo, which is very important.
Stock up on potions: iron skin, thorns, regeneration, swiftness, bowls of soup, and heart-reach. Greater healing potions are very useful at this stage.
Battle
Focus on Spazmatism first; he's the more difficult of the two by far (has more defense and more life). Simply fly around, kiting the boss as possible. Again, moving fast is key. The first phase is easiest; once he transforms into the second stage, you've got to keep your distance! His flamethrower-like attack does a tremendous amount of damage, so avoid it at all costs. I personally fly in a figure-eight pattern, kiting him and keeping my distance, relying on my wings to float through the air. My platforms allow me to continue firing, and give me a chance to land to reset my wing's flight time.
Once Spasmatizm is down, do the same thing for Retinazer. Kite, keep your distance, and plug away with the Megashark. Ranged damage is your friend because you can keep your distance. The Retinazer fight is way easier once Spasmatizm is down.
And don't forget to quaff your healing potions during the fight! The heart statue will really help, if you can find one. +80 health every 10 seconds is never a bad thing.
Answer: Firstly you should start by building a skybridge, preferably out of platforms so that you are able to fall through it to dodge attacks. Next craft some campfires and place them along the bridge so you will receive its buff, while you should not rely on it to regenerate health it doesn't hurt to have (healing effect will also stack with the heart lantern). These will both help when when fighting Spazmatism as it will slow the effects of his cursed flame. If you can, try and purchase an ammo box as you will be using a ranged weapon for the fight and this will reduce bullet/arrow consumption
For equipment, you will want to have an adamantite armour tier equivalent or higher. Try and have a ranged weapon such as a mega shark or repeater, or a magic weapon such as the laser rifle or frost staff. weapons are really up to you and your preferred play style so use what ever weapon you feel comfortable with. Wings are a must, these will help to dodge the twins attacks, combined with the spectre boots, you will be able to escape if you are running low on health. Practice dodging and using a hook to quick turn mid flight this will help immensely as you don't need to heal if you don't take damage! Other trinkets are up to your personal preference but try and have them reforged into warding or menacing as this will give you an extra 20 defence or 20% damage.
Finally potions, bring quite a few especially if you are using magic weapons, you won't want to run out of mana mid way through the fight.
Killing Spazmatism first means you wont have to deal with his cursed inferno for the whole of the fight where as killing Retinazer first will help if you aren't that good at dodging its' charge attacks and lasers.
At the end of the day it may take a few attempts for you to get a feel for the fight and to defeat the twins, but as long as you place all your money in a chest the only thing you are losing if you die are bullets and potions with isn't to much of an issue.
Answer: You only need Pallidium armor, a Megashark and Crystal Bullets. Build a long sky bridge, and summon them while running backwards with Hermes, spectre, lightning, frostspark, or and boots that make you run fast, while shooting at them. Shoot the one that is parallel to the sky bridge first, then the other. Place campfires and/or heart lanterns across your sky bridge as well. Make sure you have wings to turn around when you make it to the end of the sky bridge. The fight isn't very hard.

How to kill The Twins In Terraria


Google Play Store is not working

Question: I updated my Galaxy S3 three months ago and since then, my Play Store went wrong. I can't open it anymore, not to mention my phone often got stuck for hours. I tried every method I could find like resetting the phone, cancel Google account but it just wouldn't work. I can still open apps that I downloaded before, but I can't update them. What should I do to make it back to normal again?
Comment: By "resetting the phone", do you mean a Factory Reset?
Comment: Is the device rooted? You could reflash the gapps package. Alternatively clear the data, uninstall updates as SilverlightFox suggested.
Comment: restore your device or
clear google play data from app manager
or install another google play app
Answer: Try going to Settings > Applications Manager > All > Google Play Store and then click Uninstall updates.
It could be that the Play Store data has been corrupted. This will downgrade Play Store and might make it possible for you to launch Play Store which will then update itself in the background, but hopefully correctly this time.

Google Play Store is not working


Persisting Cookies In An iOS Application?

Question: I am going to use NSHTTPCookieStorage in an iOS App to manage cookies that are retrieved from a url, and I understand that it will manage cookies during your application's runtime. However, I was wondering if it's possible to persist cookies after the application has closed. And then read those cookies again when the app is opened again. Does NSHTTPCookieStorage persist cookies between app uses? Or just during the applications runtime? Do I need to use CoreData to persist these cookies?`
Answer: You shouldn't need to persist the cookies yourself as suggested in the other answer. NSHTTPCookieStorage will persist the cookies for you but you need to ensure that the cookies have an expiry date set on the server-side.
Cookies without an expiry date are considered 'session only' and will get cleared when you restart the app. You can check the 'session only' situation via a BOOL property in NSHTTPCookie. This is standard cookie stuff and not something specific to iOS.
Comment: Came here looking for this clarity, thanks. Interesting that it's cleared when the app is restarted. You can restart Chrome on desktop and still have a session open.
Comment: You saved me a lot of time! Thanks!
Comment: +1 I understand now why my cookies are no more there :). Thanks !!
Comment: @gazreese I am trying to encrypt the cookie files in iOS cordova application. Its working but only when app is in foreground. When I switch the app or press home button, new cookie file is created with same data. Can anybody guide me how I can encrypt the cookie files?
Comment: You made my day, thankyou!
Answer: You need to re-set the cookies when your app is loaded. I use code like this:
NSData *cookiesdata = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"MySavedCookies"];
if([cookiesdata length]) {
    NSArray *cookies = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:cookiesdata];
    NSHTTPCookie *cookie;

    for (cookie in cookies) {
        [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookie];
    }
}

and it works just fine.
Comment: Storing cookies in user defaults may be a security flaw as all plist can be accessed via tools like iFunBox etc.
They should be encrypted but the best behavior is to follow @gazreese answer.
Comment: Is `MySavedCookies` already there? Or do I have to store that when my app is about to go inactive?
Comment: You have to save it yourself - It's just where I save mine.


Why if in OLS the autocorrelation between residuals is positive, it will lead to inflated t-stats?

Question: Why if in OLS the autocorrelation between residuals is positive, it will lead to inflated t-stats for the coefficients? I've seen that statement as a given truth, but what is the intuition/proof between that result?
Does it mean that if the autocorrelation between residuals is negative, it will lead to deflated t-stats in the regression?
Answer: Let me try to illustrate with the most simple regression example, that of a regression on a constant. The idea is similar in general regressions.
We then know that the OLS estimator $\hat\beta=\bar{y}$, the sample mean. The t-statistic is
$$
t=\frac{\sqrt{n}\bar{y}}{\sqrt{Var(\bar{y})}}$$
In the denominator of a t-statistic, we therefore require an estimator of $Var(\bar{y})$, related to the so-called long-run variance of $Y_i$.
As, for example, this answer demonstrates, this means the variance of a single $Y_i$, call it $\sigma^2$, plus two times autocovariances.
When we have positive serial correlation, these autocovariances will generally be positive, meaning that a good estimator (in the sense of yielding t-ratios that, asymptotically at least, behave like $N(0,1)$ random variables if the null is true) of $Var(\bar{y})$ will be larger than the default estimator that takes the average of the squared residuals and thus only estimates $\sigma^2$.
Put differently, if we nevertheless use the default estimator which is inappropriate under serial correlation, t-ratios will on average be too large ("inflated"), meaning tests reject too often.
For example, one can show that the long-run variance of an AR(1) process is
$$
\sigma^2/(1-\phi)^2
$$
We see that this is larger than $\sigma^2$ when $\phi>0$, but smaller if $\phi<0$, so that "deflated" t-statistics are indeed also possible.


Disable Message History in processmaker

Question: is there any way to disable "Message History" in processmaker, or perhaps disable the possibility of resending message for some of the users? Thank you.
Answer: A latest version of ProcessMaker includes the possibility to disable it based on permissions. Check this more info:
Message History Permission
Available version: 2.5.1
Through ProcessMaker versions, users who had participation in a case had the option to see not only a preview of messages sent, even the privates ones, but also to resend messages to any user allowing them to know possible confidential information of a Company. Now resending emails functionality has been restricted per user.
By default, users don't have the permission to resend messages, if you want to add a permission for users to resend them open Process Permission and on Type select Message History
http://wiki.processmaker.com/index.php/2.0/Process_Permissions#Message_History_Permission
Comment: Instead of just posting the link. Please copy in the relevant content from that here as well as links may go away in future

Disable Message History in processmaker


According to baptists can a Christian be demon possessed?

Question: According to Baptist belief is it possible for a true believer in their ranks to become possessed by demons?
If so what does the Baptist church do to help such a person?
This closed question asked a broader version of this question
Answer: Not according to this source.

Can a Christian be demon possessed? No," Southern Baptist Theological Seminary theology professor Stephen Wellum said in a video posted on the seminary's website Feb. 28. "To be demon possessed would mean one is outside of Christ, one is dead in their sins, one is under the power of the evil one.

Further in that article we find

Following a 2010 meeting on exorcism organized by Catholic bishops in Baltimore, Southern Seminary President R. Albert Mohler Jr. explained why evangelicals "do not have a rite of exorcism, like those prescribed by the Catholic Church, in which clergy members recite prescribed words to supposedly drive away a demon.
"To adopt such an invention would be to surrender the high ground of the Gospel," Mohler wrote in a commentary. "We are engaged in spiritual warfare every minute of every day, whether we recognize it or not."
Proclamation of the Gospel, Mohler said, is the church's greatest weapon against demon possession.
"There is nothing the demons fear or hate more than evangelism and missions, where the Gospel pushes back with supernatural power against their possessions, rendering them impotent and powerless," Mohler wrote. "Every time a believer shares the Gospel and declares the name of Jesus, the demons and the Devil lose their power."
Answer: Baptists are trinitarian and believe that God the Holy Spirit enters into and permanently lives within every individual who repents of their sin and believes that Jesus is the Son of God.  Both the individual body of the believer and the corporate "body" of all believers become the temple of the Holy Spirit upon receiving salvation in the name of Christ.
Baptists believe in the existence of Satan and demons and in the reality of spiritual warfare.  They believe that persons can be literally possessed by demons and that it is the power of the gospel that can expel this and every other affliction that the unredeemed suffer.
Baptists do not hold that a true believer can be possessed by a demonic entity for the simple reason that the demon would first have to overcome the Spirit of Almighty God who lives within that person:

And the scribes who came down from Jerusalem were saying, "He is possessed by Beelzebul," and "by the prince of demons he casts out the demons." And he called them to him and said to them in parables, "How can Satan cast out Satan? If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand. And if a house is divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand. And if Satan has risen up against himself and is divided, he cannot stand, but is coming to an end. But no one can enter a strong man's house and plunder his goods, unless he first binds the strong man. Then indeed he may plunder his house. - Mark 3:22-27

While this parable is spoken against those who accused Jesus of casting out demons (which they could not deny) by demonic rather than divine power the thrust holds true for the believer as well.  The believer is "in" Christ, is seated with Christ in heavenly places, and Christ (arguably the strongest man) is within the believer.
Believers can be beleaguered, badgered, afflicted, and harassed by demonic entities.  Through disobedience, poor teaching, unhealthy fellowship, etc. believers can open themselves up to increased demonic harassment and can allow footholds and strongholds for the enemy within their thoughts and behavior.  Conversely a life of faith and obedience can also invite demonic oppression as the evil ones hate the life of Christ being manifested.
Satan is the God of this world and is blinding the minds of unbelievers:

Therefore, having this ministry by the mercy of God, we do not lose heart. But we have renounced disgraceful, underhanded ways. We refuse to practice cunning or to tamper with God's word, but by the open statement of the truth we would commend ourselves to everyone's conscience in the sight of God. And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing. In their case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelievers, to keep them from seeing the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. - 2 Corinthians 4:1-4

Satan is the prince of the power of the air and holds sway over the thoughts and activities of those outside of Christ:

And you were dead in the trespasses and sins in which you once walked, following the course of this world, following the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that is now at work in the sons of disobedience— among whom we all once lived in the passions of our flesh, carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, like the rest of mankind. - Ephesians 2:1-3

Satan (like a lion) hunts for those believers he may devour (that is, swallow up the testimony of) through affliction and suffering:

Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God so that at the proper time he may exalt you, casting all your anxieties on him, because he cares for you. Be sober-minded; be watchful. Your adversary the devil prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour. Resist him, firm in your faith, knowing that the same kinds of suffering are being experienced by your brotherhood throughout the world. - 1 Peter 5:6-9

But Satan cannot possess a believer because he cannot bind or cast out Christ within the believer:

Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, for many false prophets have gone out into the world. By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you heard was coming and now is in the world already.
Little children, you are from God and have overcome them, for he who is in you is greater than he who is in the world. - 1 John 4:1-4

My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. I give them eternal life, and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand. My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all, and no one is able to snatch them out of the Father's hand. I and the Father are one." - John 10:27-30

According to Baptist teaching, believers are secure both within and without because, in God's economy, they have already been raised with Christ:

If then you have been raised with Christ, seek the things that are above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God. Set your minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth. For you have died, and your life is hidden with Christ in God. - Colossians 3:1-3


Is there a way to restrict the operation of a driver or even record the action of the driver in Blender

Question: I have a small animation playing and I have made use of some trajectory equations in order to obtain a more realistic jump in the form of a driver, but I also want to add some additional movements to the object, is there a way to record the action  of the driver to form an f-curve and then delete the driver?
Answer: In pose mode go to Menu: Pose-Animation-Bake action. Check the visual keying option. Then you can use the newly created action on a copy of the armature without any costraint or driver.


What can be used to protect an SDR receiver against bursts?

Question: I am using a USRP B205 to detect electromagnetic pulses.  Sometimes the signal power bursts to 100 dB, average power is around 10 dB.  What can be used to protect the SDR receiver against bursts?
Comment: 100dBm? 100dBuV? 100dB dynamic range?
Comment: As hobbs says, "100 dB" is not a power.
Comment: Not an answer because this is the first time I've heard of this device, but: Check the Github in case others have a software solution via the gain API. https://github.com/EttusResearch/uhd/issues The datasheet for the AD9364 mentions it has auto-gain on the front end, so check to see if the product API exposes this and uses it correctly. There are steps for calibration that might be necessary first?
Comment: @jdv,yes.I am not is there any method to calibrate SDR without power meter?
Comment: The _USRP Hardware Driver and USRP Manual_ has a self-calibration section. I don't know if applies to your case, though. There is a lot in those manuals and datasheets, so I guess I'd make sure I wasn't missing something obvious.
Answer: There are a few types of overload you might be suffering from. Here are some possible solutions:
1. An in-band signal, stronger than your wanted signal
This may drive the AGC and make the wanted signal look smaller for a while.
It may also overload the receiver and cause wide band splattering and interference.
It might help to set the gain of the receiver lower.
Turn off AGC if you don't need it on.
You could also add an external attenuator to reduce the total input power. These start at about $20.

2. A strong out-of-band signal
This can cause desense, cross-modulation and intermodulation, which will make the wanted signals look smaller, distorted, or produce other false signals on top of them.
Again, you can try reducing the gain and adding an external attenuator.
3. Very strong signals that can damage the receiver
Very strong signals can actually damage the receiver. This is usually caused by local radio transmitters like cellphones, aircraft transponders or Radar. There should be a specification for no-damage power. The USRP says "RX power -15 dBm max" but that's quite small, probably a maximum useful signal and not a damage level. Check with the manufacturer! Typical no-damage power is about +10 dBm.
Keep radio transmitters like cellphones away from the receive antenna.
Attenuators can help but these signals can be so strong that reducing them to a safe level will push the wanted signal below the noise.
In this case you need a limiter, an active device incorporating a diode (rectifier) that responds to the strong signal by attenuating everything only when the total input power is large. You may need to adjust the level with an attenuator after the limiter.
Here's one limiter from Pasternack:

Example specifications:

maximum input power: 100 watt peak
maximum output power: 18 dBm
no-attenuation power : 9 dBm
Cost from $500. ITAR-controlled so difficult to ship internationally.

You can also make a limiter with a diode or two ($2 each) and an inductor. This is from the MACOM datasheet:

The inductor carries the DC return, the rectified RF, generated by the diode, that keeps the diode conducting. For narrowband designs you could use a quarter wave line, for wide band you need an inductor with an SRF higher than the frequencies of interest. These can be small and expensive.
Comment: Does out-of-band signal go through ADC?
Answer: If your SDR has over 100 dB of dynamic range, I would attenuate the input path (and all parasitic paths!) down to where the average power is 10 dB above the MDS (minimum detectable level) of the SDR.  Then a 90 dB PAPR might stay within the SDRs input range.  Maybe a string of shielded in-line attenuators in a nesting of shielded boxes.  A bigger issue might be how to shield and/or isolate the computer, and all the computer and power cables.  They might have to all go inside a nest of shielded boxes as well (e.g. battery powered and monitored over optical fiber.)
Comment: @kittygirl he literally did.
Comment: Could you pls tell me some methods to protect SMA cable?
Answer: Your receiver should be inside an enclosure for shielding, if it isn't already.
A common trick to prevent damage to a receiver from nearby transmitters is to put back-to-back diodes in the received signal path.  See a snapshot of part of the Elecraft K2 schematic below.  When the signal voltage exceeds the forward voltage of the diode, the diode conducts and shorts the signal, hopefully before the receiver is damaged.  You would want to select the diode type to switch as fast as possible and have a maximum forward voltage that is low enough to prevent damage to your receiver.


Is a Baal Keri allowed to do Mitzvot?

Question: If a person is impure because of his nocturnal emission. Is he allowed to do mitzvot?  Should he still strive to do them or should he keep low key and try to avoid them because of his impure state?
Comment: @DoubleAA Um. How is it a possible dupe of those?
Comment: Why would anyone ever avoid Mitzvot?!?
Comment: He should avoid going up on the Temple mount.
Comment: Possible duplicate https://judaism.stackexchange.com/q/15512/759 https://judaism.stackexchange.com/q/52482/759
Answer: The understanding of the Gemara is that someone who had an uncontrolled emission is that he should not learn Torah since it should be done in a state of kedusha and tahara, in as much as is possible today.
Most Chassidic groups will tell you that the Baal Keri should go to the Mikveh.
In Litvishe circles, since anyway we're all tamei, Baal Keri doesn't add to it nor does going to a Mikveh detract from it, and therefore a person should nonetheless learn Torah.
I would venture also, that uninduced nocturnal emission today, is very hard to come by.  Most people have impure thoughts, eat the wrong foods, and are at a lower spiritual level.  All this contributes to the fact that he is not strictly a Baal Keri.
However, this is related to Torah Study alone.  This in no-way justifies not actively performing any other mitzvos - for example, wearing tefillin, saying krias shema b'zman etc.
The din today is that Baal Keri (with regard to tuma today) is a takanas Ezra, and is at best a din D'Rabbanon (most pasken it is Midos Chassidus), and it is not clear that has been accepted in Klal Yisrael as normative halacha.  Certainly one should not refrain from learning Torah or do mitzvos because of it.  In other words, today the status of a seminal emission, is one that required immersion in a mikveh is only middos Chassidus.  In the times of the Beis Hamikdash,  a seminal emission is referred to as a Zav and that is a D'oraissa level, and needs ritual purification.
Comment: Baal Keri is a Din Deorayta!! What is going on here?
Comment: Not just Torah https://www.sefaria.org.il/Mishnah_Berakhot.3.4?lang=he
Comment: It depends what you're talking about.
Comment: No it doesn't. This is just wrong.
Comment: @DoubleAA A Baal Keri can't learn Torah is a Doraisa?
Comment: @robev no, that was a rabbinic prohibition added on to people who mideoraita were baalei keri.

Is a Baal Keri allowed to do Mitzvot?


using ERC token to login website

Question: recently I want to write some website login program using ERC tokens ,can anyone show me the way to do that ?
an idea or a route are both good for me
Answer: Honestly, I think you would be better off to login with metamask or equivalent. Logging in with an ERC token makes little very sense to me. Please clarify what exactly are you trying to achieve.
Now when you login with 'metamask' you have to cryptographically prove that you own an Ethereum address, not sure how to replicate that for a ERC Token, especially with ERC20 tokens. Are you asking about ERC721 tokens?
I mean you could have a smart contract that handles authentication that subtracts ERC20 tokens every time a user logs in. Let me know if you need more details.
Comment: I mean you can mix and match, require a user to login with metamask and only give access if they have a certain erc875 token balance, that shouldnt be that hard to inplement
Comment: actually what I just mean is that , compared to login website using username and pwd ,I wanna use ERC875 tokens
Comment: what I'm thinking was ,  when handle a signup ,use publicAddress as erc875_token recipient address ,and only give access to sign in when its publicAddress.balance i== 0

using ERC token to login website


I have fabricated a starch film impregnated with calcium carbonate, and the film is showing hydrophobic behaviour after addition of calcium carbonate

Question: I have fabricated an extruded starch film, impregnated with calcium carbonate. After addition of calcium carbonate the contact angle of the film has risen suggesting a more hydrophobic surface. I have gone through various literature sources and the behaviour of calcium carbonate with water is very confusing. Some researchers have stated that calcium carbonate is hydrophobic and some have stated it is hydrophilic. Please suggest a relevant theory behind the increase in hydrophobicity of the starch films after calcium carbonate is added.
Answer: $\ce{CaCO3}$ itself is hydrophylic, though it might be less so than starch.
However, surface texture may make a substance hydrophobic. Simply forming a surface into nano-pillars can make it water-repellent. There are some "hairy" materials in nature so water-repellent that a layer of air is maintained even when fully submerged: the Salvinia effect.
Examine the surface carefully under high magnification, with various types of lighting (e.g., bright-field and dark-field illumination) to look for surface "fuzz". If you have access to an electron microscope, give that a try.
Perhaps your technique could be used to make a useful product, e.g., slow-release starch capsules for medicines... or not-so-useful, e.g., water-repellent pasta -- boil for hours and it stays dry.


Whats the average salary (inclusively) in china? How expensive it is for a single postdoctoral life?

Question: I'm going to join one of the top university in China. I have been offered 130000 to 180000 RMB per year (including the basic performance and housing subsidy) on invitation letter although it's less than what was committed with me in the mail. How expensive is Bejeing? This is my third postdoc. I am afraid if it will be lower than the average postdoc. How is the working condition in Tsinghua and Peking University in Engineering Science?
Comment: This Q & A may help: https://academia.stackexchange.com/q/108041/72855
Comment: Please, consider focusing on a single question at a time.
Comment: Not a duplicate -- he's asking other questions as well, in a different scenario. Furthermore, the other question is largely outdated.
Answer: I was a postdoc in China for the latest two years. Mainly at the south of China but have also spent several month in Beijing with CAS. I was hired with a salary promise of annual 180000 rmb which wasn't paid correctly. So actually my first piece of advice is, take salary promises with two grains of salt, and perhaps consider just going elsewhere.
Now, answering your questions directly. I have been told that a Chinese postdoc gets around 9-10k rmb per month in Beijing, and I was offered another postdoc for annual 240k rmb (some special offer for foreigners I refused). This is probably the range you will find. Housing costs in Beijing are extremely expensive (at least 2.5k per month, above 4k if you want to be comfortable) however ordinary life costs are not bad. If you're not provided a place to live, don't accept anything below annual 150k rmb. Make sure you're provided decent healthcare coverage, because that'd also very expensive and unfriendly to foreigners.
Finally, you say this is your 3rd postdoc. Meaning you're probably hoping to get a permanent job soon, and possibly heard promises of a fixed position "in case things go well". Don't fall for that, this is usually bait. From asking several colleagues, they were all promised "something else" when in reality it's all about them distributing around authorships and impact factors until they get fed up.
A tip: Chinese academia generally likes US citizenships and top-prestigious journal authorships. If you don't have any of such to show, don't expect the best treatment.
My main advice remains, consider going elsewhere. Hong Kong is already better if you're into Asia, perhaps Taiwan.
Best of luck.


Why does my singing voice sound squeeky

Question: Most of the times I sing on pitch but still my singing sounds extremely dull. . How can I fix this ?
Comment: Thanks for contributing! I'm afraid a question-and-answer site isn't going to be very helpful to you, though. You're looking for help with tone, and the answer almost certainly is going to involve the whole way your body generates the sound—stance, breathing, and of course the shape of your mouth and vocal chords. It would be hard to say without actually hearing your tone and seeing you sing. You're looking for a teacher! Even if you aren't up for formal lessons right now, you could probably get some pointers by singing for friends who have had some training.
Comment: Also, I'll go ahead and offer one suggestion for free: I'm guessing the answer is "relax." It sounds like maybe you're "squeezing" and restricting your throat and vocal chords; instead, think of letting your throat "fall" open to let more air through. But better yet, get someone to give you pointers live.
Comment: The best way to improve in any area of music is to hire a competent teacher.
Comment: Without evidence this question is pointless.
Answer: My recommendation is to reach out to every single performer and musician within your circle of friends and cohorts, and ask them point-blank; "How is my singing, and how do you recommend I improve it?"
The more we interact with other performers and musicians, the more we gain valuable feedback and advice. Tips, tricks, and thoughtful perspective.
Reach out.

Why does my singing voice sound squeeky


What are these electrical boxes in the closet that have no breakers in a house with buttons for the light switches?

Question: My mother's home has these metal panels in the closet on the second floor, directly under them on the 1st floor is the breaker box. The house has push buttons for the lights instead of switches. There is no breakers under these panels and everytime a light is turned on or off there is a click. I am writing a paper and I need to know what these boxes are called.
Comment: A picture would go a really long way here..
Comment: I would call them a relay enclosure, assuming it contains relays.
Answer: Most likely the boxes contain relays that are controlled by low-voltage circuits from the push buttons.   A relay is an electrical switch that is controlled by an electrical circuit.   In this case, the relay allows low-voltage wiring and push buttons to control the light circuit.
This setup was sometimes used before modern home automation systems existed to allow control of a circuit from multiple locations or with devices that were not rated for normal line voltages, and a variation of it is sometimes used today where the switches are located near the circuit panel and remote switches are located in convenient locations.


How did someone join my single player world?

Question: I have a Minecraft PE single player world. When I was playing somehow someone joined my game. How could/can this happend?
Answer: If you have the "Local server multiplayer" setting on, anyone in the same network as yours can access your world.
Answer: Are you sure someone joined, or did you meet your first villager?
If someone joins, it will say " has joined", and they're name displays above them.
If it's some weirdo that just says "hmm" and stands in your way, then it's a villager.


Permanently set process limit

Question: How do you permanently set process limit per user (ulimit -u) in Ubuntu?
Answer: Edit /etc/security/limits.conf and configure nprocs appropriately.
You may need to add pam_limits to your pam configuration.  The default configuration has pam_limits configured for many services.   You may want to add pam_limits to /etc/pam.d/common-session.
Comment: @jgbelacqua:  They are there for all the common login methods (login, sum sudo, and *dm) methods as well as cron methods for 10.4 and 10.10.
Comment: I think you may need to make some changes in /etc/pam.d as well.
Comment: I'm not 100% sure the PAM changes are still required, but they used to be -- was trying to grok some related bug reports, but it'd be easier to test it, I think.
Comment: A better description of this solution here: http://askubuntu.com/a/162230/119284
Answer: Edit /etc/security/limits.conf, making changes per the examples and for the limits you want.
You'll also need to add a line to the /etc/pam.d/common-session file:
session required pam_limits.so

The change to PAM modules may be necessary elsewhere, but generally, common-session is included related configurations, e.g.,
$ grep common-session /etc/pam.d/sshd :

   sshd:@include common-session

Comment: Thank you, I'll vote up your answer when I get enought points :)

Permanently set process limit


Why are the divisions of the Bible called "verses"?

Question: In common parlance, a verse is a writing arranged with a metrical rhythm, typically having a rhyme. Most of the books of Bible contain prose which do not follow metrical rhythm or rhyme. But their sentences are called verses. My question therefore is: Why are the divisions of the Bible called verses?
Comment: Remember that you are not reading the Bible in its original languages, but in translation, and in some places perhaps several layers of translation.  You can see this in other works: even if the original was in verse, as for instance Homer's Illiad, Beowulf, the Kalevala, it's very difficult to create a translation that's faithful to both poetry and meaning.  Also note that poetry doesn't have to rhyme, it can be alliterative as in Beowulf, blank verse as in much of Shakespeare, or other forms such as the Japanese haiku.
Answer: The Lexico online dictionary says that 'verse' comes from:

Old English fers, from Latin versus 'a turn of the plow, a furrow, a line of writing', from vertere 'to turn'; reinforced in Middle English by Old French vers, from Latin versus.

Bible.org says that the Bible was split into chapters in the 13th century and was further divided into verses by a highly regarded French printer called Robert Estiennes (or Robertus Stephanus in Latin) in the middle of the 16th century. At that time Latin was still the language used by educated people to write about and discuss academic matters so 'versus', and therefore 'verse' would have had its meaning of 'a line of writing' for them.
In fact the Lexico entry for 'verse' mentions an old definition of it as

A line of poetry

so it would seem that the modern definition of a 'verse' as a 'stanza' rather than a 'line' is more recent.
Once the smallest divisions of the books of the Bible had become accepted as 'verses' there would have been no need to change the term no matter what happened to the definition of 'verse' in other contexts.
Comment: Actually, when the French printer Robert Estiennes divided the Bible into chapters and verses, he called them *chapitres* and *versets*.  [See this French webpage](http://www.interbible.org/ouvrir/nouveau/medias_01/texte_02.html). So the obvious English translation was *verses*.
Comment: @PeterShor Thanks for that, Peter. I also found it interesting that Estiennes became a protestant. The idea of quoting the Bible 'chapter and verse' was a Protestant one rather than Catholic because the Catholic Church relied on dogma rather than Biblical authority.
Comment: don't you disbelieve this, when *verb* and *word* are lying near? Mark my word, *word* doesn't only mean *those with spaces on both ends*. Formally, *verto* is from the "athematic root present" of \*wert- (modulo inflection); *versus* "line of writing" is, according to wiktionary, from "*verto* + *tus*", which already fails to convince because where did the *t* leave off and what is the further ety? Whereas *verb* and *word* are from \werH-dh-, from \*werH- "to speak, say"; If athematic nominative is build with \*-s, then \*wersH is not unlikely, and it doesn't require a Latin intermediate.
Comment: on the other hand, *Strophe*, *turn of phrase*, Ger. *Rede-Wendung*, at least support the idea. It reaks of folk-etymology because it is based on classical sources, who had a penchant for colorfoul interpretation, though like with any legend there might be a true kernel. *vertere* has of course to be compared to *torque, turn*, and cetere, leaving \*wer- effectively, which can be seen in many more roots (cp. \*werp-, Ger. *werfen*, just to *throw* an idea out there), and if the codas are root-extensions (cp. \*dh- "do" in *credo*), the \*w- might as well be aglutinative (cp. \*wi- "separate").
Comment: Third, less formally, an interesting comparison is *root*, as in *word root*, thus already in Panini about Sanskrit, but analogically in al Kwarizma (> *algorithm*) about the roots of a polynom, from Arabic where it roughly means *angle* (viz. j-b-r "joint", when concerned with triangles it might be ca. *turning-point*). More over, roots tend to cork-screw-phorm; *bookstaffs* maybe wooden. I recognize this doesn't lend credence to my claim; instead it shows the problem is rooted much deeper, if we may further compare *veritas* "truth", *very* much. I mean, if we are talking sacred *writing.*
Answer: A number of questions  on Stack Exchange - English Language and Usage have commented on the words 'stanza' and 'verse' in relation to poetry and to scripture.
'Verses' are also used in Shakespeare.
Merriam Webster defines a 'verse' in three ways : metrical verse, a stanza or a biblical verse.
In any work which requires to be referenced and quoted as part of its function, stanzas or verses are numbered accordingly so that they can be cited.


Trigger Enter Event on keypressed Javasccript

Question: I want my textbox trigger an event through enter and runs a function, here's my input form and pretend the submitting of form is disabled...
<input type="text" name="webURL" value="" id="urlField" onkeypress="enterKey(event){ checkURL(this) }" />

Now after inputting something on text box, and enter was triggered by this enter event verification below:
function enterKey(e){
        var keycode = e.which ? e.which : e.keyCode;
        if(keycode == 13){
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

Whenever it verifies that the user trigger enter it returns true otherwise false. I think i'm messing something on the input form keypress function. Anyone can tell me how to do that to make it work and run the checkURL() function?
Answer: onkeypress="if(enterKey(event)){ checkURL(this) }"

But it's a better practice separate js from markup. Using a js frameworks, such as jQuery, helps a lot..


Translating strings to English from a second language

Question: It seems that Drupal 7 doesn't provide a function to translate a non-English string to its English equivalent. I'd like to do this for a project I'm working on, but the absence of a reverse-translation function suggests that perhaps I shouldn't. Is there any reason for the absence of a function that translates strings back to English? And how should I achieve this functionality with my project?
Comment: `ping -R -c 1` :) Check out my answer please. Feel free to ask questions or add details to your question.
Answer: t() function
By Drupal architecture English is a system built-in language which is used as a source language in code.
t() function allows to translate from system language to any other language. It is simple and expected behavior.
UI
There are UI improvements in Drupal 8: http://hojtsy.hu/blog/2013-aug-20/drupal-8-multilingual-tidbits-12-english-can-now-be-translated
Comment about Drupal 7 "Custom English" and problems with default language:

Using Drupal core alone, this was possible to achieve in Drupal 7 by
  configuring a "Custom English" language on the site with a language
  code different from "en", which then allowed you to replace text with
  your choosing. This quickly gets confusing though because then both
  the old "en" English language and your new "Custom English" will show
  up in language selectors, etc. If you disable the "en" English, then
  your old content saved with that langcode will not display properly.
  Its a whole can of worms. You may also use String overrides, but if
  you are using interface translation from core anyway, using one more
  module for the same task for a specific language is overkill.

i18n features
More complex translation features (like Content translation from core or i18n package) less depend on system language but often depend on default language. Usually you can add content piece in any language and then translate it to English without any problems.
Summary

In code use English only and translate it to other languages in UI.
Select default language once and do not change it.
For changing built-in English strings check out "Translating English strings" section in this article: http://www.packtpub.com/article/setting-basics-drupal-multilingual-site-languages-ui-translation (String Overrides / Custom English / settings.php)
Discover i18n package tools.


skill name in games

Question: if you play games, you can see skill names or items like, Blade of the Ruined King or something like that.
is it ok if I use lowercase instead of capital letter?
doesn't it seem awkward to native english speaker? - like, blade of the ruined king.
Answer: Grammatically, you should always capitalize a proper noun in English. Since your game items are presumably unique, their names should also be capitalized. Here is a reference for identifying proper nouns.
If you plan to make a published work, like a review of this game, you should capitalize the item names.
That being said, online games tend to have a very casual atmosphere, and it's very rare for the players to care about each other's grammar at all during play. In fact, even abbreviations, like (all-lowercase) "bork" for "Blade of the Ruined King" are thrown around all the time. So don't worry about it in-game. Source: I also play League.

skill name in games


What Authentication Type to use for Solace Client Cert Authentication?

Question: If I want to use client cert authentication, what Authentication Type (None/Internal) should I use?  Do I have to create a user in Solace to user client cert authentication?
Answer: To implement client certificate authentication for clients connecting to a Solace appliance, you should use the client-certificate authentication feature.
The authentication types that you have mentioned (None/Internal) are all options for configuring basic authentication. If you wish to use client certificates, you should not configure basic authentication and configure client certificate authentication instead.
You can set the Message VPN to use client-certificate authentication with the following CLI commands:
<code>solace(config)# message-vpn <vpn-name>
solace(config-msg-vpn)# authentication user-class client
solace(config-msg-vpn-auth-user-class-client)# client-certificate
</code>
You will have to create a client username account for the client. Client username accounts are used to provide authenticated clients with predefined client configurations (client profile, ACL profile). By default, when a client authenticates with a client certificate, the common name (CN) in a client certificate's subject is used as the client username. Alternatively, you can configure the Message VPN to use a client username that the client provides through a session property.
Comment: Even to use client certificate authentication, I have to create a client username account.  So, this will also subject to the limit of 200K usernames in one Solace appliance?
Comment: There is a limit of 200K client connections on one Solace appliance. This limit is for the number of clients that have authenticated and are connected to the appliance and the client username accounts are not associated with this limit.

There is a limit of 9000 client username accounts that you can create on the appliance. Any number of clients can share a client username.


Risks giving wooden toys to parrots

Question: I am starting to give my cockatiels wood so they use it as a toy, destroying it. I know there are many toys made out of wood, but isn't it possible for them to get hurt with the splinters if they eat them?
Answer: We have 2 African greys, about 25 and 20 years. We have found "a busy beak is a happy beak". They love to tear things apart, never had a problem with splinters. Their favorite is chicken leg bones, they turn them into sawdust getting the marrow. Chicken bones are probably too big for cockatiels.
Comment: "...too big for cockatiels.." . you'd be surprised!  We had Rosellas (roughly same size as cockatiels - maybe slightly larger), and they'd handle a chicken drumstick like a pro!!  LOL (gawd they love that marrow!!)

Risks giving wooden toys to parrots


Coordinate extraction in a different projection in MapInfo

Question: I have a .TAB file of polyline objects in British Grid Coordinate.
I need to extract the end points/nodes of each polyline and find their latitude/longitude (WGS84).
Answer: You should modify the table, by adding 4 fields: x1, y1, x2, y2 or similar. Now do table update:
x1=objectnodex(obj,1,1)
y1=objectnodey(obj,1,1)
For the end it is a little trickier:
x2=objectnodex(obj,1,objectinfo(obj,22))
y2=objectnodey(obj,1,objectinfo(obj,22))
The above only works with polylines, not lines.
Since the default coordsys is wgs84, you don't need to change coordsys.
Comment: If your default projection in MapInfo Professional is set to something different than WGS84, you'll have to specify the coordinate system to use when reading the coordinates from your objects. You can do this using the "Set CoordSys" statement
Comment: The asker states their data is in British National Grid, which is not WGS84. Are you suggesting that when added to MapInfo, the data is automatically reprojected to GCS WGS84? IE unlike in QGIS or ArcGIS, the dataframe/project CRS (whatever the analog in MapInfo is) isn't automatically set to the first added data? In those softwares, reprojecting the data to WGS84 first, and *then* calculating the coordinates is necessary.
Comment: Yes, it is a bit more complex than that, but generally you can have 2 layers with different projection and then use a 3rd one for a mapper window (or one of the other 2). But if you zoom out on a large table, then the on-the-fly reprojection makes it slow. MapInfo has had this feature since v1, I think.


python asynchat: how to store information on individual connections, and how to know when a client disconnects

Question: For fun, I'm writing a minimal IRC server with asynchat. I'm trying to clear up a few fundamentals (my specific questions follow the code). I've decided not to use anything in Twisted just so I can implement a little more myself. First, the code I have:
import asyncore,asynchat
import socket

class Connection(asynchat.async_chat):
    def __init__(self, server, sock, addr):
        asynchat.async_chat.__init__(self, sock)
        self.set_terminator('\n')
        self.data = ""
        print "client connecting:",addr
        # do some IRC protocol initialization stuff here

    def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
        self.data = self.data + data

    def found_terminator(self):
        print self.data
        self.data = ''

class Server(asyncore.dispatcher):
    def __init__(self, host, port):
        asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self)
        self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.bind((host, port))
        self.listen(5)

    def handle_accept(self):
        conn, addr = self.accept()
        Connection(self, conn, addr)

    def handle_close(self):
        self.close()

s = Server('127.0.0.1',5006)
asyncore.loop()

So, in my mind, this code structure is similar to a Twisted client factory: the Server class is initialized once and basically instantiates Connection every time a client connects. First question: is the best way to keep track of all connected clients by storing all of the Connections in a list within Server?
Also, I don't understand how I am to know when a specific client closes their connection to my socket? Connection implements asynchat (and by extension asyncore) but adding the handle_close() callback to the Connection class doesn't fire when a client disconnects. It seems to be only for when the bound socket on the server is destroyed. I don't see any methods for this purpose. This socket always stays open, whether or not clients connect, right?
Answer: to handle client side closed connections check the handle_error method, does your client issue a clean close connection?
handle_error() :Called when an exception is raised and not otherwise handled. The default version prints a condensed traceback.
hope it helps.


gnome-terminal - Execute command with ability to suspend

Question: I have an application launcher that executes a command inside gnome-terminal with the -- option, but whenever I go into the terminal and try crtl-z to try to suspend the command and move it to the background nothing happens. My search found a bunch of posts about launching interactive shells in bash, but nothing I've tried there works either. Is there way to launch gnome-terminal and execute a command that gives me the ability to suspend the command and bring up a prompt later?
Answer: bash_in_gnome_terminal(){
    local IFS
    printf -v cmd %q ". ~/.bashrc; set -m; $*"
    gnome-terminal -- bash -c "bash --rcfile <(echo $cmd)"
}

bash_in_gnome_terminal tail -f ~/.xsession-errors
bash_in_gnome_terminal 'grep -r pattern dir | less'

This solution is complicated (and crippled!) by the fact that the gnome-terminal command actually calls into a "terminal server" to spawn a terminal instance, and you cannot pass file descriptors to the process running in it.
With other terminals like xterm or mlterm the solution is simpler and more functional:
bash_in_xterm(){
    local IFS
    xterm -e bash --rcfile <(printf '. ~/.bashrc; set -m; %s\n' "$*")
}

Also, it would be nice if bash had an option to run some commands before an interactive shell (like vi +'cmd'), without a kludge like --rcfile <(...). Maybe it even has -- but I wasn't able to figure it out ;-)
The set -m is needed because bash sources the initialization files with the monitor mode off, ie without job control and the possibility of using ^Z, fg, bg, etc.

If you want the shell to exit and the terminal to close when the started command has exited, the function could be modified like this [assumes a recent version of bash]:
bash_in_gnome_terminal(){
    local IFS
    set -- 'sigchld(){ local j="\j"; ((${j@P})) || exit; }; trap sigchld CHLD;' "$@"
    printf -v cmd %q ". ~/.bashrc; set -m; $*"
    gnome-terminal -- bash -c "bash --rcfile <(echo $cmd)"
}

The ${var@P} form expands any prompt escapes in var, and the \j prompt escape expands to the number of jobs. Thence j="\j"; ((${j@P})) || exit as called from the CHLD trap will exit the shell if there are no more jobs.
In older version of bash which do not support the ${var@P} expansion form, a  clunkier kludge will have to be used:
set -- 'sigchld(){ trap - CHLD; test "$(jobs -p)" || exit; trap sigchld CHLD; }; trap sigchld CHLD;' "$@"

Here the CHLD trap has to be disabled and then reenabled, otherwise the $(jobs -p) command substitution will trigger it recursively.

This whole thing could be made into a standalone script instead of a function:
#! /bin/bash

# uncomment and edit the following line accordingly
# set -- <fixed command and arguments> "$@"

# this only works in bash >= 4.4
# set -- 'sigchld(){ local j="\j"; ((${j@P})) || exit; }; trap sigchld CHLD;' "$@"
set -- 'sigchld(){ trap - CHLD; test "$(jobs -p)" || exit; trap sigchld CHLD; }; trap sigchld CHLD;' "$@"

printf -v cmd %q ". ~/.bashrc; set -m; $*"
gnome-terminal -- bash -c "bash --rcfile <(echo $cmd)"

Comment: @wile_e8 see the updated function / script at the end of the answer
Comment: @wile_e8 that form of variable expansion is only present in newer versions of bash (>= 4.4 or so). I'll add a workaround -- which would be quite clunky, unfortunately.
Comment: @wile_e8 see the added workaround. I had included it in the external script variant by default.
Comment: I created a script with your gnome-terminal answer, modified to call my commands from the function at the end. This pretty much did what I wanted, with the only downside being that the terminal doesn't close when I exit the command like the old gnome-terminal launcher did. But still a great improvement!
Comment: I tried the updated script (both versions), but kept getting the same errors at the end instead of exiting:

~~~
    bash: ${j@P}: bad substitution
~~~

This would appear 2-3 times after I exited instead of the terminal closing, and then if I ran any commands in the terminal it would appear 2-3 times after each of those commands.
Comment: Works perfectly, thanks!


Electrum. Payto argument from_addr

Question: I need to specify address to send from.
I want to use option createnewaddress. And then send money from this addresse useing payto and from_addr option.
When I do like that, i got error message not enough funds.
When i do payto without argument, it use first unused address (that i create before with createnewaddress).
How can i send payment from specified address ? Or transfer amount on specified address.
Answer: Not enough funds usually means that you've confused the unit of account i.e. mbtc vs. btc or you're not accounting for transaction fees including 2fa fees if you have a 2fa wallet. I suggest you use the exclamation point in place of a numeric amount to see what is the max amount you can send. Decoding the generated transaction should be illuminating.

Electrum. Payto argument from_addr


Search builder fails In Group and Not In Group Search

Question: This was run on your demo account using Search Builder. All the records selected are in both groups.
8 Contacts
Group(s) In Advisory Board ...AND...
Group Status 'Added' ...AND...
Group(s) Not In Newsletter Subscribers ...AND...
Group Status 'Added'
Select Records:  All 8 records    0 Selected records only
Comment: more of a sidestep than an answer, but in case you don't know of its existence - under Search > Custom search, and there is an include/exclude which works for groups or tags https://dmaster.demo.civicrm.org/civicrm/contact/search/custom?csid=4&reset=1
Answer: Welcome to SE.  I can reproduce that and it seems to be a bug so have logged it as an issue.  However, I'd suggest you look at Search Kit rather than Search Builder. See this

One of the many nice things about Search Kit is that you can expand the Query Info section to see how your GUI entry is being interpreted.  Search Builder doesn't give you any info to help figure out why it's not showing the results you expect.