Word for a passed down language?

Question: When a language is only taught from the adults that speak it.
I know there's a word for it, but I can't for the life of me remember what it is!
Comment: Suggested migration to [linguistics.se]
Comment: colloquially 'Mother tongue.'
Comment: See also: [linguistics.se] -- the Q may be migrated there.
Answer: The common term for the languages only taught from the adults that speak it is
mother-tongue. Google defines mother-tongue as :

the language which a person has grown up speaking from early childhood.

You can also use natal tongue, native tongue, parent language.
Comment: I think mother-tongue is possibly okay, but in a lot of contexts could be considered a bit flowery, and borderline archaic.  The word "tongue" has problems, I think.
Comment: I think *mother tongue* isn't archaic. It is very commonly used in this context. Flowery ? That never harms anyone, does it ?!
@Cargill
Comment: Could you possibly mean "received" language?
Answer: From your question's title "Passed down language?" and from the descriptive part of your question, "When a language is only taught from the adults that speak it.", I take it that you are asking for the label given to languages which are passed on with little or no written form.
Consider the term orality. According to the linked page, primary orality (or primary oral culture) relates to cultures with no writing or print, and secondary orality (or residual oral culture) relates to cultures where many don't use writing even though it exists.
Have a look also at the term oral tradition, which refers to cultural knowledge passed on orally (presumably, even if writing was available to the society at large).
Answer: If you mean the language that is taught by mothers and fathers to their children at home, as opposed to a formal language taught in schools, etc, then it would normally be referred to as the "local" language, or the "native" language, depending on the specific circumstances.
Answer: A set of terms are used interchangably to refer to what I suppose you're asking about, which is

a first language, arterial language or cradle tongue.

The terms often used interchangably with 'first language', 'arterial language' and 'cradle tongue' are those mentioned in previous answers:

mother tongue or mother language
native tongue or native language
etc.

One problem with using these terms interchangably is that, in some cases, the mother or native language is not the first language of a child. The 'mother tongue' or 'native language' is, rather, the language common for people of the child's ethnicity. Children may not ever learn their mother tongue.
'First language',

first language n. the language which a person first acquires in infancy, usu. in contrast with another acquired subsequently

["first, adj., adv., and n.2". OED Online. September 2015. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/70609?redirectedFrom=first+language (accessed November 25, 2015).]
refers more precisely to the first language learned from adults by children too young to read or undertake formal instruction.
Other potential problems with using the terms interchangably include those suggested in this quote from David Crystal as cited at the "native language (L1)" entry in the "Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms" at about.com:

As David Crystal has observed, the term native language (like native speaker) "has become a sensitive one in those parts of the world where native has developed demeaning connotations" (Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics). The term is avoided by some specialists in World English and New Englishes.

In an attempt to sidestep problems,

Contemporary linguists and educators commonly use the term L1 to refer to a first or native language, and the term L2 to refer to a second language or a foreign language that's being studied.

(op. cit.)
Such efforts to sidestep problems fail, as likewise all the terms so far discussed fail to describe, the not uncommon situation wherein children learn their first languages in truly bilingual households from bilingual adults.
Answer: If aren't looking for oral tradition, maybe you are thinking of "culture." Cultural heritage is all the knowledge that is passed from one generation to the next. The phrase doesn't focus completely on language, but I feel it addresses the question.
See the following address for a detailed description.
http://australianmuseum.net.au/indigenous-australia-cultural-heritage

Word for a passed down language?


What's the easiest way to map the universe?

Question: I want to deploy a satellite network through the universe, but to do that I first need to discover all the sectors. Is there an easy way to do that? I would like to avoid having to visit every sector personally or remotely ordering a ship to fly through every gate there is. Ideally, I would like to map the sectors as well.
Comment: First, get a very large piece of paper...
Comment: nope guess I was wrong, deploy satellite network doesn't go through gates
Answer: The method I personally use is to go to a busy sector like Seizewell with a shipyard and buy 10 cheap M5 scouts. Equip each scout with a scanner. Simply tell each ship to follow one of the many NPC freighters in the sector, and try to follow a variety of different races, as they will all have very different destinations. Your scouts will slowly fill out your universe map, though they will die when the NPC freighters pass through Xenon sectors. Also, they will not create a complete map, as NPC traders do not often go to the far-reaches of the universe and unknown sectors. The rest of the exploration can be done manually.
Comment: that's a rather good idea!
Answer: If you equip a ship with one of the special command or high level navigation software.
You can issue a command to it to explore, this will cause it to fly through gates till it runs out of sectors or most likely is destroyed.
Then you can set another ship to deploy your network.
Comment: I don't believe there is such a command - http://forum.egosoft.com/viewtopic.php?p=2647826 Can you specify exactly what software needs to be installed?
Answer: In Albion Prelude there is Recon Bot and Explorer Command Software for ships. They both have command "Fly through gate".
Both of them have command "Map sector", but you need to order it for every sector.
Answer: The easiest way would probably to use the Universal Explorer mod.
Here are the key points which can interest you:

Player owned M3, M4, M5, and Goner Rangers (and Truelight Seeker in ship mod) may hire a pilot by choosing "Start Universe Explorer..." from the navigation commands. The ship must be equipped with Explorer Command Software.
If an explorer enters a sector marked as 'Foe' in their ships friend/foe settings they will retreat and try to find a different unknown sector. I always put pirates as Foe so they survive. Razz
As the pilot gains experience they will learn methods to increase the speed of exploring a sector. As with the original Explore Sector command the speed of the scan is very dependent on the installed scanners and speed of the ship.
With experience comes more methods of finding unexplored sectors, everything from random known gate wandering to using the players satellite network to communicating with other ships to get directions can eventually be used.
Explorers will automatically begin to build up the players satellite network, if one is not in place already. They will also maintain the players satellite network when they notice missing satellites. This feature and the type(s) of satellites used can be toggled in the community menu.

From what I read on the forum discussion, there are issues with it still (some ships might not work with it, for example), and it's not really supported anymore by the maintainer. But you could probably give it a try, see how it goes for you.
Comment: the problem with most mods is that it makes your game \*modified* so you can't earn cheevos.
Answer: There's an Unidentified Object that you can sometimes find flying around.  It's very fast, but if you tell an equally fast ship to follow it, it'll fly everywhere in the universe for you eventually.
This may not be a very efficient way of achieving your goal, but it is a fun way.


Describing the chromatic scale of a piece

Question: I am currently analysing Variation 12 of the Mozart Piece called "Ah, vous dirai-je, Maman". One of the questions I am doing says to "Describe the chromatic scale and whether it is ascending or descending". I'm just a bit confused about what this actually means. Is ascending or descending just referring to the contour of the piece?
Answer: Before I looked at the sheet music, my answer was to describe how oftentimes the accidentals of the chromatic scale tell you its role. An ascending chromatic scale will use raised pitches (sharps with some naturals if there are flats in the key signature) while a descending chromatic scale will use lowered pitches (flats with some naturals if there are sharps in the key signature). This is just a practical matter to prevent too many accidentals, as shown in the image below; don't the first four measures look much cleaner than measures 5--8? It's the difference between using (in this case) 5 accidentals as opposed to 10.

But then I looked at the sheet music, because I couldn't remember exactly which variation was the twelfth one. Now I say: Whoever asked you this question could have asked it much, much more clearly. I'm even wondering if it's actually meant for Variation XII, as this question seems to apply to Variation X a bit better.
Comment: "...as this question seems to apply to Variation X a bit better." It would apply even better still to the second half of Var. VIII (the minor-key contrapuntal variation). There are chromatic *notes* in Vars X and XII but it doesn't make much sense to describe them as any type of *scale* IMO.
Comment: As a 'newbie', I would say the first example is in, the C Chromatic Scale. The Second example, is the same Scale, in the 'En-Harmonic Equivalent'.
C# is equal to, and the same as, D flat.


Unable to remove ghost tags on files

Question: System: macOS 11.6.1, MBP 2019 16in
I am having a persistent issue with certain tags. I have a tag, call it "post", that I use as a toggle. I set it on files that I need to find to upload to a certain cloud site. I set it on files that I need to attach to an email. I set it on files that I need to deliver in a presentation. After I have done the action with the files, I unset the tag.
The tag resides in my sidebar as a favorite. It is colored yellow.
My problem is, the tag sometimes refuses to be unset. It refuses to be unset in a rather disturbing manner. It refuses to be unset to disappear from the favorite list but it shows no tag in the Finder list view. Here is a view with the ghost-tagged file and a valid-tagged file.

I have tried these four options:

I have toggled the post tag on and off to the file using the favorites view. While I do this, I see the xattr com.apple.FinderInfo and com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags toggle on and off (see further below).

I added the folder containing the file to the Spotlight "do not search" preference pane (Privacy) to delete the Spotlight index. The ghost-tagged file disappeared from the favorites list. I rebooted. I removed the folder from the Spotlight do not index list. The ghost-tagged file reappears.

I used various approaches with xattr to view the meta attributes and remove them with -dr. I found that I could remove all xattr characteristics. The ghost-tagged file seemed to drop from the favorites. But when I clicked to a different favorite tag and returned to the post tag ... there was the ghost-tagged file again and it had absolutely no meta-xattr settings.

I have deleted the post tag entirely using the Finder preferences. I then created a new tag with the same name. The ghost-tagged file reappears.

I used OnyX to remove the Spotlight index file.

A slight wrinkle perhaps. I have my internal hard drive partitioned into three volumes. Some of the above disaster happens with files that are on other volumes.
Another slight wrinkle perhaps. I am using DevonThink to index portions of the external volume that contain the files. I looked at the DT database for the tag. It shows no file is contained in that tag.
What puzzles me primarily is what else I should be doing to purge the ghost tag definitively. Should I boot into safe mode to purge something? Should I rinse the file through some secondary app to remove the tag (the files are primarily PDFs, and I have rw access to them as seen in the Finder info box)?
My reading suggests this may a problem without an answer, or the answer is fairly deeply hidden. Any thoughts would be appreciated, even if only to confirm that this mystery is just one of those hidden gems in using macOS.
Answer: I developed this exact issue on Monterey and also did not have success with other proposed solutions including rebuilding the spotlight index or deleting the finder plist.
The problem was immediately solved when I disabled FileVault, even before decryption was complete. Fortunately, the problem did not return when FileVault was re-enabled. I've seen other people online with this issue as well - hopefully this fixes it as I haven't seen anyone suggest this solution yet.
Comment: I am not using FileVault, so this is not the culprit. Thanks.

Unable to remove ghost tags on files


What happens if I put one pole of a magnet beyond the horizon of a black hole?

Question: Let's assume I could lower a bar magnet slowly from some position outside of the Schwarzschild horizon. What happens if it crosses the horizon, so that one pole of the magnet is inside the black hole horizon and one side is still outside? Would the outside observer then see a magnetic monopole, because the inside pole becomes "disconnected" from the outside pole? Or would the outside observer basically see one pole sit on the horizon and the other pole/end of the magnet coming closer and closer to it until it vanishes completely behind the horizon?
Comment: What do you think would happen if you simply take a saw and cut your magnet in half? You'd get two dipole magnets, not two monopoles.
Comment: It is convenient to assign poles to a magnet but remember that what is observed is the sum of the magnetic moments of the constituent parts of atoms.
Comment: @safesphere I'm not sure if an event horizon acts like a saw on a magnet. At least an observer sitting on the magnet shouldn't see any change while crossing the horizon. From outside an event horizon is probably a much sharper saw (thickness=planck length?) than anything else. So I think the answer is not so clear cut.
Answer: Gravity isn't consistent across the length of the magnet. It results in 'tidal forces', because the further away you get from the centre of a mass, the weaker the gravitational attraction. For example, for the Earth-Moon system, whilst the force involved is not very large, the Earth is big enough for this differential between the force experienced on opposite sides of the Earth in the line of the Moon to matter, and this leads to the tides, hence the name tidal forces.
Now, a typical everyday bar magnet is much smaller than the Earth; however, the gravitational attraction due to a black hole is so much larger because the density of mass involved. This means that even the small length of a bar magnet would start to experience huge tidal forces as you got closer and closer to the Schwarzschild radius, as space-time is becoming more and more warped.
Note that at the Schwarzschild radius, the escape velocity becomes greater than the speed of light itself. This means nothing can overcome the attraction. Therefore, by this point or probably earlier, your magnet will have stretched and then snapped into two parts, then snapped into more (the name for this is "spaghettification" btw, great word there), until all of the bonds will break and a stream of particles enters the black hole's event horizon.
So as one of the commenters above pointed out, it's like when you saw a magnet in half here on Earth - you get two dipole magnets, not two monopoles.
Comment: If the black hole and it's event horizon are huge compared to the bar magnet, there are no tidal forces which would destroy the magnet before reaching the horizon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghettification#Inside_or_outside_the_event_horizon
Answer: To add to the answer of ajd138, things are even more complicated. The point of no return around a black hole is not the event horizon, but the photon sphere that is 50% wider.
Anything between the photon sphere and event horizon must fall - only rocket engines can hold a spaceship on an orbit. However, from the standpoint of a free falling observer, the event horizon becomes smaller and smaller along the flight, so the observer, from his standpoint while falling, never crosses the event horizon until he hits the singularity.
On the other hand, if we look at this this from afar, we notice that the observer is moving slower and slower, as his time slows down while he approaches the event horizon from our viewpoint. Eventually we se heem frozen at the event horizon without crossing it ever.
As you can see, neither we nor the falling observer ever sees anything actually crossing the event horizon, such as a half of a magnet. However, even if hypothetically this were possible, cutting a magnet in half would only create two magnets.
Comment: @JohnathanGross: Thanks for the edit. I accepted it and also fixed the "rocket engines"error you pointed out. I let the "point of no return" remain as a metaphor:)
Comment: "There are no stable free fall orbits that exist within or cross the photon sphere. Any free fall orbit that crosses it from the outside spirals into the black hole. Any orbit that crosses it from the inside escapes to infinity. No unaccelerated orbit with a semi-major axis less than this distance is possible, but within the photon sphere, a constant acceleration will allow a spacecraft or probe to hover above the event horizon." The photon sphere is not a point of no return.
Comment: @JohnathanGross: Yes, you are right. Although the question implies hovering at the event horizon where the escape speed is near the speed of light. This does not affect my answer however, because, if you hover over and drop a magnet in, you would never see it crossing the horizon. From your stationary viewpoint above the horizon, time stops at the horizon and the magnet freezes in flight never crossing the horizon.


How to Save All notifications?

Question: I have IOS 8 and I want to know how to save ALL of my notifications.
What I mean is, I unlock the phone and then the notification disappears and I didn't read it. I have looked all over and there's no way I've found.
Answer: Settings > Notifications > Messages > Show in Notification Centre > … you can set up to 10 recent items
then all you need to do is swipe your screen from the top down & there they are [though if you've never used that before you'll probably need to clear a whole lot of other stuff first time & trim which apps actually need to be in there.]
You can't have all - only the last 10.

How to Save All notifications?


Should I treat HSA as taxable or non-taxable in deciding on bonds if my state does tax it?

Question: If my home state of California taxes the gains in HSA, should I use tax-efficient investments (for example Muni bonds), or should I assume that the market arbitrage on the taxable accounts so using corporate bonds should be a net bonus over the Muni (by amount of Federal taxes). How does my tax bracket impact this?
Answer: There are currently 3 states that do not recognize the HSA: Alabama, California, and New Jersey. (Until a couple of years ago, my home state of Wisconsin was on this list.)  In those states, you can still have an HSA and deduct your contributions and HSA gains on your federal tax return, but when you do your state taxes, you need to add that income back in.
Choosing a tax-free bond would avoid state taxes on the gains, but you'll have to decide whether or not it is worth it based on your state tax bracket and the earnings potential of tax-free bonds vs. other investments.
Either way, if you live in one of those three states, you'll have to pay state tax on your contributions; the choice of investment won't avoid that.
I used an HSA even when Wisconsin did not recognize them. Being able to deduct contributions from my federal taxes is a big benefit, even if I still had to pay state taxes. I actually spend most of the money I put into my HSA, so the choice of investment wasn't really relevant for me.


Adding ''new'' sticker to new products

Question: It's possible for Magento to automatically add a sticker or flash animation that says ''new'' on a product. And if it is, can it automatically remove this sticker after a period of time?
hope my question is understandable.
Comment: Hey could you make it work?
Comment: Nope :/ sending message to the page developer as we speak, i'm still new to magento and web developing as such.
Comment: ok, keep me updated
Answer: On products you can set the product as new from and to dates, you can then check these dates within a module block and then output html for the sticker based on if the current date is between the new from/to dates.

Then once these are set you should be able to do something like
    public function isProductNew($product)
    {
        $newsFromDate = $product->getNewsFromDate();
        $newsToDate   = $product->getNewsToDate();
        $currentDate = date('d/m/Y');
        if (!$newsFromDate && !$newsToDate) {
            return false;
        }
        if($currentDate > $newsFromDate && $currentDate < $newsToDate) {
            return true;
        }
    }

And then just call the above function, true = new, false = not new
Answer: You could do it based on the 'Set Product as New from Date' and 'Set Product as New to Date'.
You could a boolean too though, just create an attribute with the Yes/No input type and add it to your default attribute set. In my example the attribute is called Showcase.
Then in the product you could just choose "Yes/No" and the label we create below would come up.
In your template files (templates/catalog/product/list.phtml and templates/catalog/product/view/media.phtml if you want it on the product view page) you would add a piece of conditional code that will add the image in case the product is labeled "NEW".
As an example:

   <?php if($_product->getShowcase()) { ?>

   <?php } ?>

   <?php
       $_img = 'helper('catalog/image')->init($_product, 'image').'" alt="'.$this->htmlEscape($this->getImageLabel()).'" title="'.$this->htmlEscape($this->getImageLabel()).'" />';
       echo $_helper->productAttribute($_product, $_img, 'image');
   ?>

and then you would create specific css for the label like the following to produce the new icon in the top corner;
.products-grid .product-image {
    position: relative;
    display: block;
    width: 244px;
    height: 156px;
    margin: 0 0 10px;
 }

.newLabel {
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    top: 0;
    width: 65px;
    height: 66px;
    display: block;
    z-index: 2;
    background: url(../images/yourlabel.png) no-repeat;
}

This is an example I did myself last week, so it uses my image sizes but you get the idea. Hope this helps.

Adding ''new'' sticker to new products


Can I sign myself as illustrator?

Question: I have written a children's book and also illustrated it. However, I have asked a graphic designer to redo the images for me. I hired her through a company which affords me total rights to the new images. My question is do I list my self as the illustrator on the cover? I would like to add her as co illustrator however I am concerned about implying that she also has rights.
Answer: Nope. Not on the cover, or inside the covers, or on the back unless you tell the story about how you tried it first in an "Author's message" like you did here.
Naturally, your question will be answered differently by those in different jurisdictions.
Ethically, you are not the illustrator if you did not illustrate the published work and should not accept credit for work that is not created by you. You are a client of the illustrator's employer. You are a purchaser of a kind of royalty-free (?) exclusive use (?) artwork.
You'll have local laws and a contract that stipulates "rights."

Can I sign myself as illustrator?


How `sudo` command checks password?

Question: To check the sudo password, we need root permission to even read the /etc/shadow file. But how sudo checks password?
Answer: Since the other answer is just wrong: sudo is owned by root and has the setuid bit set, which means it runs as its owner (root) rather than as whoever launched it. This allows it to verify your password hash against /etc/shadow (or any other authentication provider). This also lets it read /etc/sudoers, which is only readable by root.
Answer: $ ls -l `which sudo`
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root ... /usr/bin/sudo
   ^

sudo has the setuid attribute set (see the "s" at the marked position), which causes it to run with the effective uid of the file owner, i.e. root. This gives it the necessary permissions for the password check.
Comment: That is neither the indicator for the sticky bit, nor what the sticky bit does! Did you confuse sticky with setuid? Sticky bit on files does [*literally nothing*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_bit) on Linux
Comment: @CBHacking: you are right. What I marked and what has the described function is not the sticky bit but the setuid attribute. I've fixed the explanation, i.e. changed the name of the bit and linked to the correct Wikipedia page - since the rest is IMHO correct.

How `sudo` command checks password?


How to get fastboot identifier token to unlock bootloader on HTC One M9 where Android is no accessible?

Question: I want to revive an old HTC One M9 rotting in my grandmothers locker for some years. I would like to flash the phone with a custom ROM but unfortunately it is locked,

so I can't access Android.
However according to the HTC documentation to unlock the boot loader on has to enable developer options in Android settings first:

you will need to first manually enable OEM unlocking in Developer
options in order to allow the bootloader to be unlocked and proceed
with the next steps.

Apparently without doing so it is not possible to get the identifier token which is needed to unlock the bootloader.
fastboot oem get_identifier_token
< waiting for any device >
                                                   (bootloader) [KillSwitch] : /dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/frp
(bootloader) [KillSwitch] Last Byte is 0X00, disable unlock
(bootloader) [KillSwitch] oem unlock Turn Off!
OKAY [  0.063s]
Finished. Total time: 0.063s

Is there any way to unbrick this phone?
UPDATE:
As suggested in the comments I tried to flash

the original RUU ROM to restore a proper state

I got it here: https://htcstockrom.com/htc-one-m9
The following steps are suggested:

Enter: fastboot oem rebootRUU
Now enter: fastboot flash zip update.zip
Once the installationis finished, reboot the device.

However fastboot oem rebootRUU makes the device humming and blinking but does not lead to a status where I could successfully upload the file (same problem described here):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVG4kT-LiQQ&feature=emb_rel_end
I can upload it in normal download mode but there I get:
FAILED (remote: '9 RU_SECURITY_FAIL zip from usb command in download mode')
fastboot: error: Command failed

Comment: The whole process is well documented by HTC for their devices: https://www.htcdev.com/process
Comment: The problem is not that it is locked but that the installed software has been modified unauthorized. So you first have to flash an original RUU ROM to restore a proper state, then boot the phone and enable OEM unlock.
Comment: @Robert I know, I followed the steps but the device is locked, so I can't make the configurations within Android settings, which are required to get an identifier which is needed to unlock the boot loader.
Comment: @Robert Thanks for the good advice! I updated the question...
Answer: The MMO TOOL HTC Module has a feature to get token ID.

You may have to search it by yourself to download it.
Comment: Please explain a little bit about it.


Clearing "sessions" collections in mongoDB mean stack

Question: I am using Mean Stack (mean.io) app on heroku, and just noticed that my "sessions" collection is getting pretty big, and I couldn't find any job in mean that clears it.

is there a preferred way of clearing it using Mean stack?
Update:
Immediately after posting question I found this:
https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/scheduler
Might do the trick actually.
Answer: I don't use Heroku, but on OpenShift it's easy to add a RockMongo cartridge, which gives a great interface to your MongoDB database. I see that it's available on Heroku too: http://www.paasmag.com/2011/11/30/how-to-manage-mongodb-on-openshift-with-rockmongo/


SharePoint Installation 3tier

Question: While installing the SharePoint Server , In File location step I have given C drive unknowingly, Is there any procedure to move all SharePoint files ( program files, Microsoft office servers, 15.0, Office) to my D drive. If yes please let me know the procedure.
Comment: SharePoint always install on C drive, why would you move it to D drive?
Answer: Couple of things.

you can't change the installation location after the install or move the files.

Now you have two things.

Change The Logs File Location From C Drive To D drive, You Can Do Via Central Admin Under Monitoring.
also change the it's log location from c to d using the iis.

But if you want move everything from c to d,then you have to re install sharepoint. But keep in mind 14/15/16 hives folder always on c drive,you can't change them.

SharePoint Installation 3tier


What is a term for the elements of a balance sheet?

Question: What is a term for the elements of a balance sheet? Specifically I need a term that includes assets, liabilities, and owners equity. This term (t) needs to be one where I can say x "is a" t where x varies over the terms assets, liabilities, and owners equity.
Comment: Haven't really come across any unified term for the above perhaps you could consider 'Net Worth Measures' ...
Answer: I would refer to that most simply as "position". Its not perfect but I think it fits your use above.

The balance sheet is also known as the statement of financial position and it reflects the accounting equation. The balance sheet reports a company's assets, liabilities, and owner's (or stockholders') equity at a specific point in time.

http://www.accountingcoach.com/accounting-equation/explanation


Xcode complaining about conflicting provisioning settings

Question: I'm just trying to test 1 app on my own Iphone device (I'm NOT going to publish it to the app store) which I have exported from Unity. I have been struggling for a long time now trying to build it. Xcode complaining about conflicting provisioning settings. I have read similar threads and followed different instructions but nothing seems to work.
I mean already tried to uncheck and then check again "Auto manage signing" in Xcode and choosing the appropriate team but that doesnt help. Plese help me!
Comment: @GokulG All those steps were true for some time ago. Now, it's possible to sideload an app to the phone WITHOUT paying 99 USD and probably without those certificates and all that stuff. As I wrote in the thread, I don't wanna upload the app to the app store (which would cost me 99 dollars), but only to test it on my device.
https://9to5mac.com/2016/03/27/how-to-create-free-apple-developer-account-sideload-apps/

https://developer.apple.com/support/compare-memberships/
Comment: Cool I didnt know that. after little bit of googling, looks like ppl have faced your issue. No generic solution tho. try giving different unique bundle Identifier if you haven't already.
Comment: Code Signing Identity -> Debug -> Any Ios SDK ==> ios Developer (I am assuming you added your device under your apps certificate)
Comment: @GokulG, did as you specified, still the same problem. However, I dont understand what you mean by adding your device under your apps certificate. On the Xcode help website it says "If you use automatic signing (recommended), Xcode creates signing certificates and provisioning profiles for you."
Comment: so when you are running on a device, we cannot simply connect device run. (1) You have to enroll in Ios developer program [https://developer.apple.com/programs/] for which we have to pay 99$ if I remember correctly. (2) Once you enrolled you have to register your app first by giving your app an app id, and (3) you have to register your device using devices UUID,  (4) and to develop  for the app you registered, you need to create a development certificate for that app, in that development certificate you have to select devices you to develop in(basically you select the device you registered)
Comment: all of this is place so that ppl wont just get code and directly start installing in their phone. But you can install in simulator you dont need any of those steps.
Comment: found an article that might help you https://codewithchris.com/deploy-your-app-on-an-iphone/ have a look
Answer: Try to clean and select the profile and team in project and all targets.
It sometime works that way and ignores whether you have selected correct one or not.
Answer: The problem was in the bundle identifier, it has to be a unique name. I changed also "Company name" and "product name" and disabled "Automatically Sign" in build settings inside Unity, and then re-enabled it inside Xcode.


Defence against promiscuous detection techniques

Question: As an attacker,how do I prevent people from finding out that my NIC is in promiscuous mode?
For test like ARP and DNS how do I defeat the users detection mechanism?
Comment: @ρss mentioned this answer: http://security.stackexchange.com/a/3631/18379 It partially answers this question.
Comment: For DNS this is quite trivial since all security tool usually offer an option to disable DNS names resolution, so they will just show IP and no DNS name (or you may also use a non-default DNS server if you just need to hide from the default DNS server). ARP checks relying on the underlying OS behavior might be trickier...
Answer:
There is a possibility that Promiscuous mode can be detected by another device on the network!
You can/must configure your sniffer tool/software so that it doesn't allows to detect if you are in promiscuous mode. For that you have to configure your sniffer tool so that your machine doesn't reply to the packets/requests that are usually used to detect the Promiscuous mode.
Here you can read how the promiscuous mode can be detected.
However the feature, that not to respond to the requests(Specially crafted packets to determine the promiscuous mode) depends if it is available in your sniffer tool.
Answer: Promiscuous mode is a passive state so it cannot be detected by the network on its own. Of course once you start doing your "hacking" actively, the network may detect you but that wouldn't be detection of promiscuous but rather a rogue node.
Why? In passive mode the NIC just doesn't drop the packets that would come to it anyway. The dropping is silent so in any case there is no feedback to the network.
Comment: When the interface is in promiscuous mode, the packets which should normally be filtered by the hardware NIC are now filtered by the OS software network stack. It happens that the hardware and the software filtering may differ, allowing to detect remotely when a network card is in promiscuous mode or not. See [Detection of Promiscuous Nodes using ARP Packets](http://www.securityfriday.com/promiscuous_detection_01.pdf) for further reference.
Comment: Interesting reading, albeit a bit outdated. Since the method basically says there is a bug in the kernel, it would be worth checking if Mallory's kernel indeed responds to these decoy packets. I'm gonna try this sometime, looks quite interesting.


Which Language to Select for a project?

Question: In mythical man month author mention that we can increase productivity by selecting proper high level programming language. If we select c or C++ then design of GUI is problem the we may use QT framework for GUI. If we use C# .NET then it has disadvantages like software codt and user should aware that .NET framework installed on their PC. If we use Java then quality of GUI is questinable. So which language to prefer for product and which is most used language today?
Comment: This question is too broad (and I voted to close it). Take a look at the FAQ http://pm.stackexchange.com/faq#dontask and put some more specifics on it. As of now, a book could easily be written to answer you.
Comment: Project management is itself descriptive topic and some project managers may share their valuable experiences and refrences about particular language.
Answer: I think there is no correct answer to this question although I highly recommend you to read Technology Radar delivered from time to time by ThoughtWorks company. It also doesn't give you the exact answer but can show you the trends and thoughts about the direction of technology development. I also recommend to read some past reports from them.
One  more thing - I believe that PM should have nothing to decide about this topic. It should be either team, or some architect/tech lead decision. PM can ask for adventages, and disadventages, possible problems, obstacles, maintenance, cost and stuff like that, but the decision should be made by the people who will be implementing the project - it's better when they code in something they know/like/want to learn.
Answer: I'm pretty sure that there's no good answer to this question. Usually, the customer needs determine the details of a project like the programming language. I recommend to talk to your customer - if you have any - and based on the response pick one. There are usual choices like Ruby on Rails for web apps, .NET for windows based requests, Java for general needs. If I were you I would learn more about the job and the team and find the language together with the and customer. Here are some points to consider:

is there any performance requirements?
what kind of language the team knows and willing to learn?
will you need support (e.g. in case of finding a DB companies like to pick those which have guaranteed support)?
what's the platform the application will be executed?
does the language have good test tool support?

That's all I have now, but you got the idea.
Comment: As explained on the comment above, maybe there's no good answer because the question itself is not objective enough...
Comment: I completely agree, but even if the question is off-topic, some suggestions can help the questioner.
Comment: I have to agree :).
Comment: I've found this blog entry which might be useful: http://bit.ly/yoVf3M
Answer: I think this is a super question.  The type of questions that yields debate, argument, requires analysis and thought, and where there really is no right answer is where intelligence and learning begin.
I know nothing about languages.  When I read the title, I thought it was going to be about a multicultural project and you were debating between english, spanish, french...:)
I do know about choice analysis and decision making techniques, however.  It seems to me that this choice will have ongoing downstream impacts, both favorable and unfavorable.  I suppose also that, once made and development starts, there is no going back without a ton of political/costly backlash.  Therefore, a more formal approach seems justified to me.
I'd bring in a team of developers and business analysts and facilitate a choice analysis workshop.  I'd develop with them a simple scoring method, using around five to no more than eight criteria that speak to benefits, penalty, costs, and risks.  I'd facilitate a consensus on weighting and then conduct a scoring session using a broader audience and maybe with techniques like the Delphi Technique.
I'd tabulate the scores that each programming language earned and the let the results speak for themselves.
Comment: It is a good question, David, but I am not sure that it is one that fits the PM topic. Your response is well argued as always, but to me, the decision is one for technical specialists and designers rather than PMs to make. In my view, we can facilitate the decision-making process but it should not ultimately be relevant for us as to what language is selected. If we get involved in these decisions, then we may be doing the right thing for our employer / client / customers, but we are fulfilling a role that is wider than just project management.
Comment: I PM technical projects now and, since I cannot opine on the technical merits of one language over another due to my ignorance on the subject, I agree with you the argument and choice are left with those in the know.  However, I do think how they arrived at their choice, in terms of the criteria they used, the efficacy, sustainability, etc., would be in my domain, i.e., show me how you got there.  So my participation would be limited to the process and method of analysis, but I would definitely excuse myself from the technical conversation.
Comment: And thank you for the 'well argued' compliment, Iain!
Answer: I always thought that this question would be much more objective (and oddly enough, still broad) than the other answers presented (which proves I need more experience, hehe).
But basically, I believe that it depends on the following questions:

Is the client asking for a specific language? If so, then you got the answer.
Do you have a specific team already built to work on this project? If so, ask your peers, and you got the answer.
Is there any constraint for the development to be done? You can't build a web application using VBA. Take your project constraints and check which technologies fits to it.
Finally, you know the project and its constraints and neither your client is asking for a specific technology nor you have a team to offer you suggestions about what technology to use (a very very rare case, IMO).. then THIS link and THIS link could help you out. In the end, or this question or is too broad or has been asked on the wrong place.

Success!
Answer: Actually the choice of programming language can have a big effect on productivity if a domain specific language is available for the particular task at hand.
So for example suppose one is attempting to solve a statistical calculation (like cluster analysis) and has two teams of programmers available for the task to choose from. One team is highly proficient in R and the other is equally proficient in JavaScript.
Since "R is a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics.", it is highly probable that the team using R could solve this problem much faster than the JavaScript team.
Other domain specific applications that benefit from domain specific languages include specialized tasks such as programming FPGAs.

Which Language to Select for a project?


"Prepare with" meaning in this context

Question: I have a question in my textbook:
What was Franz expected to be prepared with for school that day?
Is "prepare with" a phrasal verb?
Can I say : "I am preparing with mathematics tasks for school" ?
Please answer, sirs.
Answer: With in association with prepared in that way is creating an adverbial phrase. It can have a range of meanings. You might see on a menu:

Chicken prepared with soy sauce and ginger

This means that the chicken has been cooked (including the pre-cooking preparation) with those ingredients. In this, as in many cases, you wouldn't say it without the adverbial, so one might consider it a phrasal verb. As far as I'm aware, it's not generally considered as such.
Part of the trick here is that the order of adverbials can be confusing. In your example, the verb (the present progressive am preparing) has two adverbials - one of purpose, for school, and one that's an instrumental adjunct, with mathematics tasks. This is clearly an instrumental adjunct, as you are saying that you are using the tasks to prepare for school. Not all with clauses are instrumental adjuncts. They might me adverbials of manner, such as doing something with trepidation. They might be verb arguments, complements - though linguists actually vary in what examples of this they accept. One of the more common examples would be "I danced with Bob". To dance can be intransitive, and "I danced" is a perfectly valid sentence, but when you dance with someone they are (sometimes) an inherent part of that activity, and with Bob is therefore an optional argument of the verb. However, because your example is clearly two adverbials the order of them can matter.
A major reason that they matter is that those phrases could be things other than adverbials. For school could be an adjectival phrase. By putting it immediately after 'mathematics tasks', it invites the reader to see it as adjectivally modifying 'mathematics tasks' rather than 'preparing'. On the other hand, with mathematics tasks could be an adjectival, but would not be seen as potentially modifying 'school', so if you flip the adverbials around, the meaning is clear:

I am preparing for school with mathematics tasks.

That is a clear and correct, if slightly unnatural sentence. After all, what do you do with the mathematics tasks to prepare? Do you gather them up into a collection? Practice them? Complete them? The preposition by and a gerund would be more natural:

I am preparing for school by practising mathematics tasks.
  I am preparing for school by collecting mathematics tasks.

The question you are trying to answer puts the adverbial elements in the other order, but there's no possibility of confusion there. On the other hand, I would actually prefer to order it like so:

What was Franz expected to be prepared for school that day with?

That emphasises that it is "school that day" that is prepared for, which highlights the possibility of different preparations for different days, and makes it more clear that the with is central to the question.
Which comes back to the menu example again. Sometimes, "prepared with" does begin to seem like a phrasal verb, and you see it that way on menus a lot. It is possible that some people see it more that way, and use it to more specifically mean physical objects at accompany a person. It is possible that the question setter meant what I would put as:

What was Franz expected to bring to school that day?

Without more context, it's impossible to be sure, but I've seen "prepared with" used in ways that support that specific meaning. If that was their intent, they did it in an ambiguous and confusing way.
Answer: In your example

I am preparing with mathematics tasks for school.

you mean you are preparing for school by way of using mathematics tasks.
It might better be expressed as

I am preparing for school by using mathematics tasks.
  I am preparing for school by doing mathematics tasks.
  I am preparing for school by practicing mathematics tasks.

"Prepare with" meaning in this context


Is it possible to do a literature review in the IMRaD format?

Question: The IMRaD format (Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion) seems to be the gold standard in publishable scholarly articles in certain fields. I am wondering if I could get my literature review published if I modified it to fit this format. It's not a systematic review and uses a lot of grey literature (unpublished project reports and presentations, newspaper articles, working papers) as it is on a topic which has very little research.
Comment: There's a hint of the cargo cult around "many excellent papers use this format, so I should use this format to make my paper successful". Different structures will be good for different papers, and I struggle slightly to see a review forced into that. On the other hand, if your reviewers also like to see everything squashed into this structure, you may be in luck ;-)
Comment: Why would you even do this? Have any of the unsystematic literature reviews you've read followed IMRaD? If it's not a *systematic* review, you don't have a much of an M, and you don't have R.
Answer: Introduction
People sometimes wonder what they can or should write in the IMRaD format (Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion).  For example, should a literature review be written this way?  In this answer, we will examine a toy model for this question, namely stackexchange  answers, to produce evidence that although anything can be written in IMRaD format, it is not necessarily helpful.
Method
We prepared an answer on academia.stackexchange.com, wrote it up in the IMRaD format, and submitted it to the website.
Results
The answer appeared on the site, but the IMRaD format yielded no apparent benefits in organizing the answer and it looked eccentric.
Discussion
Stackexchange answers are not a perfect model for literature reviews, but they share one key similarity: they could be written in IMRaD format but usually are not.  Our experiment suggests a mechanism to explain this observation.  Genuine experimental results fit the "method, results, discussion" paradigm, but most other academic contributions do not.  Unless you are carrying out a formal meta analysis for which you can document a precise method, I see no good reason to use the IMRaD format for a literature review (and it would be actively harmful if you had to distort your account to make it fit this organization).
Answer:
I am wondering if I could get my literature review published if I modified it to fit this format. It's not a systematic review and uses a lot of grey literature (unpublished project reports and presentations, newspaper articles, working papers) as it is on a topic which has very little research.

Your question suggests that you have trouble getting your literature review published for some reason. While I cannot make a definite statement (I would need to know your work intimately), I am pretty certain that the lack of an IMRaD format is not the reason. I can only suggest that you consult the comments of whoever rejected your review so far or, if you did not try to publish it yet, seek the opinion of colleagues or similar.
Now, there is such a thing as a paper about scientific literature using the IMRaD (or a similar structure), namely a meta study. In this case, the way you select the literature would make your methods section and your results would be a certain statement about this literature, e.g., "In 95 % of all studies, homeopathy was found to be as effective as placebos". While you could apply such an approach to grey literature as well, you state yourself that what you are doing is "not a systematic review", so this way does not seem like an option for you.
Answer: From what you've explained, I don't think you should concern yourself about the IMRaD format. If you want to know the right format to use to publish your review, then look at your target journal and examine the literature reviews that they have published. Pick the one that is closest to what you are doing, and then follow its general pattern. However, don't be too strict; let your article speak; feel free to vary the format of your model according to the unique characteristics of your model.
I strongly suggest, though, that before you complete the article, contact the editor-in-chief of the target journal with your idea or draft and make sure that it is acceptable. I do this for almost all articles before I submit, and the best news I can get is the editor telling me that they don't publish that kind of work, which saves me many months of wasted work.
Here are some possible caveats to this advice:

You don't have a target journal: You need one! It is difficult to publish research with only a vague idea of where you want to publish it. You should have a definite target in mind and write for it. Even if your article is not accepted at your first target, you should modify it to fit your next target. Except for most high-quality target journals, articles are frequently rejected (sometimes without review) because the writer clearly didn't have the target in mind.
Your target journal hasn't published any similar articles: Congratulations! You just saved your self many months of useless work by submitting to an inappropriate journal! Look for another target journal that has already published the kind of work that you are doing.


How to use libpcap to sniff on multiple devices?

Question: I am trying to create a sniffer that can sniff on multiple devices.  In my code the program will receive a list of devices that a user wants to sniff on.  I take the list of device and store it into an array that I use to loop through and pass along to a function that creates the pcap_t handle like the function below:
void *startPcapProcess(char * dev){
    char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];     /* error buffer */
    pcap_t *handle;                    /* packet capture handle  */

/* filter expression [3] */
char filter_exp[] = "(dst port 53) and (udp[0xa] & 0x78 = 0x28)";

struct bpf_program fp;      /* compiled filter program (expression) */
bpf_u_int32 mask;           /* subnet mask */
bpf_u_int32 net;            /* ip */

printf("%s","startPacketProcess called\n");
printf("Device sent to startPacketProcess: %s\n", dev);
/* get network number and mask associated with capture device */
if (pcap_lookupnet(dev, &net, &mask, errbuf) == -1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't get netmask for device %s: %s\n",
            dev, errbuf);
    net = 0;
    mask = 0;
}

/* open capture device */
handle = pcap_open_live(dev, SNAP_LEN, 1, 1000, errbuf);
if (handle == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open device %s: %s\n", dev, errbuf);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

/* make sure we're capturing on an Ethernet device [2] */
if (pcap_datalink(handle) != DLT_EN10MB) {
    fprintf(stderr, "%s is not an Ethernet\n", dev);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

/* compile the filter expression */
if (pcap_compile(handle, &fp, filter_exp, 0, net) == -1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't parse filter %s: %s\n",
        filter_exp, pcap_geterr(handle));
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

/* apply the compiled filter */
if (pcap_setfilter(handle, &fp) == -1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't install filter %s: %s\n",
        filter_exp, pcap_geterr(handle));
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

pcap_freecode(&fp);

/* now we can set our callback function */
pcap_loop(handle, -1, process_packet, NULL);
printf("%s","End startPacketProcess call\n");

}

However, when I make a call to this function within my for loop it is only able to capture on one device since it seems to get stuck in the pcap_loop callback function.  As a result of this I tried to do multi threading and the for loop that I use to pass in all the devices to open and capture to goes through the loop, but the pcap_loop callback function does not seem to execute.  The following code shows my use of multi threading:
for (i = 0; i < numDevice; i++){
        printf("Device returned by getDevices call: %s\n", deviceList[i]);
        printf("%s","Entering for loop\n");
        pthread_create(&tid, thAttr, startPacketProcess,(void*)deviceList[i]);
    }

Does anyone know what I am doing wrong and can you provide me with suggestions on how to resolve this issue?
Thanks,
Linh
Answer: process_packet might be the problem. Try getting the packet in the thread context.
  struct pcap_pkthdr *pkt_header;
  u_char *pkt_data;

  while ((retval = pcap_next_ex(mpPcap, &pkt_header, (const u_char **) &pkt_data)) >= 0)   {
    //Do Whatever
  }

Answer: Have you tried using pcap_findalldevs() or pcap_findalldevs_ex()


What is correct - Sat-chit-ananda or Sat-chit-anantha?

Question: We have always been given to believe that the state that you achieve when you realize Moksha and the experience of the highest truth is best described as Sat-chit-ananda. And this is often described as Truth-Wisdom-Bliss. Others describe it as that which is not asat(unreal), not achit (insentient) and not anananda (unhappiness). Yet others translate it as Eternal-Consciousness-Bliss or Absolute-Consciousness-Bliss. The second term - Sat-Chit-Anantha - appears to better describe the state, Sat-Chit being the ability to "see" or "perceive" the absolute truth, the attribute of a Seer, and Anantha is in this instance being the limitlessness of infinity. So "Limitless Wisdom", or in short the state of being "limitless". Which term and interpretation is right?
Comment: Most of those descriptions are correct - when  taken in the context in which they were said. Asking which 'one' is 'right' or 'best' is more of opinion based question.
Answer: Let us first see what Advaita Vedanta means by Brahman.

The nature of Brahman that is the Self is, as we have seen, existence
(sat), consciousness (cit),and bliss (ananda). Quoting from three
different Upanisads, Sri Vidyaranyasays: "Uddalaka Aruni describes
Brahman as existence (sat) by nature; in the Aiteraya Upanishad of the
Rgveda, the nature of Brahman is indicated as consciousness
(prajnana), and Sanatkumara refers to Brahman as of the nature of
bliss (ananda)" (XIII, 63). Existence, consciousness, and bliss are
not parts of Brahman, or its attributes; they constitute its essential
nature (svarupa). They are not three separate constituents: existence
is consciousness, and consciousness is bliss. It is because the world
of plurality is characterised by impermanence, inertness and disvalue
that in order to distinguish the non-dual Brahman from the world that
Brahman is said to be existence, consciousness, and bliss. In
Brahman's essential nature, however, there is no split and no
distinction.

Introduction to Pancadasi of Sri Vidyaranya Swami translated by Swami Swahananda
What does it mean to say that the nature of Brahman is existence, consciousness and bliss? It does not mean that Brahman exists, is conscious and blissful. It means Brahman is existence itself, consciousness itself and bliss itself. Sat-Chit-Ananda captures this idea. What would Sat-Chit-Anantha convey? Can one say Brahman is Infinite itself? What would that even mean? Can one use the word Anantha as an attribute? No, since Brahman is not an object.
So Sat-Chit-Ananda is the correct way to describe Brahman in a positive way. It is unsafe to describe Brahman from the positive point of view because we have to be careful not to give Brahman any attribute or treat It as an object. It is safer to describe Brahman from the negative point of view, i.e., what It is not..
Brahman according to Yajnavalkya

Yajnavalkya said: O Gargi, it is the supreme being that the non-yogins
call gross but, in fact, that is eternal and wonderful lord; one that
is not long, not red, that has no head, that has no setting, hence
that has a lasting taste, that has no contact, no smell, no juice, no
eyes, no ears, neither speech nor mind, no brilliance, no proof [or
magnitude], no (worldly) happiness, no name, no race, no death, no
age, no ailment; that is nectarine, that is expressed by the word Om,
that is immortal, that has neither a predecessor nor a successor, that
is endless and non-external. It eats something. It does not eat
anything. ..

Linga Purana II.9.53–54
However, you can use the word anantha as a stand alone word in the negative sense. In fact if you look at the second to the last line of the Linga Purana quote you will see that Brahman is being called endless.
Answer: Here, Lakshana (is definition), Lakshyartha(sought to be defined).
according to nyaya.
In the context of Vedanta, where Supreme Brahman is the Lakshyartha , some of the categories of Lakshanas are

By distinguishing it from others (Vyavartaka Lakshana);
By pointing out its apparent attributes (Tatastha Lakshana);
By describing its essential nature (Svrupa Lakshana).
Eg.  The Atman is distinct from Anatman (not-self) (Vyavartaka Lakshana).
Eg The Atman is the seeming substratum of the phenomenal universe (Tatastha Lakshana).
Eg Atman is essentially Satchidananda (Svarupa Lakshana).
Swami Sivananda.

Svarupa Lakshana as part of Vedas  -

Satyam, Jnanam, Anantam, Brahma.
(Taittiriya Upanishad 2.1.1)
Prajnaanam Bramha (Aitareya Upanishad 3.3 of the Rig Veda)
VijnAnam Anandam Brahma (Brihadaaranyak upanishad  3.9 28.7)
Here Jnana is chit

Though, Satchitananda seem to occur in  prakarana texts, and several  other scriptures as well , it isn't found in succession in Principal Upanishads. (afaik)

yatpratyastāśeṣamāyāviśeṣaṃ
pratyagrūpaṃ pratyayāgamyamānam |
satyajñānānantamānandarūpaṃ
brahmādvaitaṃ yattadevāhamasmi

am verily that Brahman, the One without a second, which transcends the endless differentiations of Māyā, which is the inmost essence of all, is beyond the range of consciousness, and which is
Truth, Knowledge, Infinity and Bliss Absolute.
Vivekachudamani 514(wisdomlib)

Here , satya jñānān antam ānanda rūpaṃ also occur as  Svarupa Lakshana, apart from Sat Chit Ananda.
Though Taittarēya Brahmānandavalli begins with "Satyam-jñānam-anantam brahma" it does say "ānanda ātmā, brahma pucchaṁ pratiṣṭhā".  ,(also indicates atma is Ananda)
(Here Ananda (Bliss) beyond the Bliss in a mental state. it is the (default /essential) swarupa ananda)
Though some Swamijis (of an order) equate Anantha with Ananda by a substantial explanation, Swamijis (of another order) do not seem to say so. However (afaik) ,there isnt an explicit suggestion of it in scriptures .
Sense conveyed through various categories of Lakshanas, all of which are appropriate,do complement each other.


Graphical way to install .flatpakref (Flatpak) files?

Question: I've been downloaded a file from MonoDevelop website but it couldn't execute in my ubuntu, how to open that file?
filename is "monodevelop.flatpakref"
Answer: Ubuntu 14.04
Based on burhanuddin abbas' comment there's a problem on Ubuntu 14.04.

Unable to locate package flatpak , because it is not supported for ubuntu 14.04 . Visit here for more details

Newer Ubuntu versions (tested on 16.04)

Installation of flatpak
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak
sudo apt update
sudo apt install flatpak

(Optional) Adding the flathub repository
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Installation of MonoDevelop with flatpakref file
flatpak install monodevelop.flatpakref

Running the application
flatpak run com.xamarin.MonoDevelop

(probably, not tested, based on @purlantov answer).

Source: OMG! Ubuntu: 7 Flatpak Apps You Can Install Right Now from Flathub.
Answer: A graphical way to install Flatpak app using .flatpakref file starts with installing flatpak plugin to add flatpak support into default software center.
For Debian-based GNOME desktop,
sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak

For Debian-based KDE desktop,
sudo apt install plasma-discover-plugin-flatpak

You can change the package manager based on your supported Linux distro. However, most Linux distro comes with pre-configured support for Flatpak.
Now if you search for app in your software center, you'll notice two application one with source pointing to flathub repo i.e. flatpak app.
Nonetheless, if you've already downloaded the .flatpakref file, it's better to run a single command to install a flatpak app.
flatpak install --from <app-id>.flatpakref

Answer: This is very helpfull:
Install MonoDevelop preview via FlatPak
It worked for me but any time that you want to start MonoDevelop you have to type in console:
flatpak run com.xamarin.MonoDevelop

And there is lot of things that do not work properly.
I suggest you to compile it yourself as shown in this video,
which helped me a lot.
Unfortunately there are no longer pre-compiled packages for Ubuntu.
Answer: Now I think you can Graphical install Flatpak. It now prompts to a new dialog box to install:
Answer: Ubuntu 18.10 (Cosmic Cuttlefish) or later
As the documentation suggests, run:
sudo apt install flatpak

then Install the Software Flatpak plugin:
sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak

Possibly install the Flathub repo:
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

and restart.


x3 bmw latest model has a diesel knock, opened the top one piston not reaching tdc

Question: I have an x3 diesel latest model bought it at an auction. Now it had a heavy diesel knock sound. So I decided to open the top. When I did, I saw neither visual damage on my injectors nor the cylinder head. But one piston is not reaching the highest level of tdc. What could have caused this? Secondly do I have to remove the diff in order to take out the sump
Comment: Hydrolocking could cause con rod deformation, which may explain why one cylinder isn't reaching TDC. How did you determine that a cylinder isn't reaching TDC?
Answer: Agreeing with @Zaid on con rod deformation. The only way you are going to be able to tell is by taking it apart. I don't think I worry too much about pulling the diff to get the sump out, but just pulling the entire engine. If you are seeing that the piston is not reaching it's potential inside of the bore, you have something going on in the bottom end which will need attention (possibly a complete rebuild). You can take the sump off, but ultimately the engine will have to come out to get it fixed correctly. By pulling the engine, you'll be able to see more directly what the issue is and get it fixed. Pulling the sump is just extra work for something you know will have to be done anyway.


Replacing CSS3 hover transition with jquery click event

Question: I have a series of images that use css3 to achieve a hover effect. When the use hovers over an image, a caption slides over. It is a very nice effect. On mobile, the user cannot see this hover effect because there is no hovering on mobile. Ideally, I want mobile users to see the caption when they "tap" (same as click) on the image. What is the best approach to convert a css hover selector into a click event? I would assume the best approach is to use jquery. But if I did soemthing like the following, I'm not sure how this would work with CSS3:
$("img").click(function(){
     perform css3 hover transitions now
});

I would place this in a conditional so it only applies to screens below 480px (mobile). My question is, how would I trigger these CSS3 hover transitions as a jquery click event on mobile screens? Any ideas?
Answer: According to this what you want is impossible.  The suggested fix is to duplicate the css in another, non-pseudo css class.
http://forum.jquery.com/topic/jquery-triggering-css-pseudo-selectors-like-hover
Answer: sincerely i haven't tried jQuery Mobile yet, but this library provides pseudo-events for mouse events like vmouseover, you can use this event, put the CSS :hover properties in another class and by firing the event add the class to the element:
$('img').live('vmouseover', function() {
      $(this).addClass("hover");
});

Comment: thanks, this helped me figure out a great solution...which is to simply use a click event with the normal jquery library. Because there is no anchor around the image, it works on both mobile and desktop (as a hover or click)


Problems with 64 bit pointers

Question: I am using Windows 7 and have a 64 bit and a 32 bit version of my program. The 32 bit version works perfectly fine, however, I am having issues with the 64 bit version at runtime. I have a list view item created and am filling the columns with my information. All of them are printing, but one is not printing correctly. This is what it is printing (I apologize for the lack of a picture but as a new member I am unable to post pictures):
Truck
ÍÍÍÍHRZ141
ÍÍÍÍHRZ152
It seems to be placing 4 null characters before the information I actually want it to display. Upon further examination, it appears as though the addressing is incorrect. Here is a section of my code where the error is occurring:
Audit * audit = (Audit *)plvdi->item.lParam;

    switch(plvdi->item.iSubItem)
    {
    case 0:
      {
        plvdi->item.pszText = audit->Truck;
        while(plvdi->item.pszText[0] != 'H')
        {
          plvdi->item.pszText++;
        }
      }
      return true;

This is a temporary fix due to the fact that all of my truck names start with the character H. plvdi->item.psz text is the text display of the list view item, and audit->Truck is a char[]. It should be as simple as:
sprintf(plvdi->item.pszText, audit->Truck);

but that doesn't seem to work. It leaves me with the same error. When run, the address plvdi->item.pszText is 4 bytes less than the address of audit->Truck, after the assignment statement (breakpoint on the while statement), which I believe is causing the 4 null characters. I am just unsure as to how to resolve this problem without a work around such as the one I posted, why this is happening, and why only in the 64 bit solution. Thank you in advance for any help on this matter.
EDIT: From other similar problems I have found within my program, it seems to have something to do with pointers. Everything in my Audit class that came after a selections vector was having problems and appeared to be off by 4 bytes. In another class, I found that everything coming after a pointer to an Audit failed and I also had some issues with strings (which are technically pointers to char arrays). When I moved the elements with pointers to the end of the class in the header file, everything seemed to work fine again. Any idea if strings, vectors, or other similar structures have pointers that are dependent upon 32 or 64 bit systems?
Comment: Check your project settings for the 64-bit version and see if the character set is Unicode or Multibyte.  Edit: sorry for the original text about pszText - didn't realize this was the code to set the item text.
Comment: Also please show us how you're printing the information.
Comment: Did you use the debugger to make sure `audit->Truck` contains what you expect before assigning it to `item.pszText`?
Comment: The entire project is in Multibyte. Also, 'audit->truck' contains the correct string (no NULL characters). Only 'item.pszText' ever has the NULL characters in it.
Answer: On 64 bit windows platform, sizeof of a pointer is 8 bytes, while is 4 on a 32 bit configuration. Check your code to avoid the 4 bytes size assumption.

Problems with 64 bit pointers


Organizations you must work with but don't necessarily like

Question: I'm looking for a good word to refer to use as a label for a list of organizations that one's organization must coordinate with, but are not considered partners.  Such as the employee's union and watchdog groups.  Everything I've been able to come up with (cohort, for example) implies chumminess.
Answer: Stakeholder
Works well for your intended usage. Having worked in private and public sector, I can attest that the word is used to refer to groups that are connected to business interests / projects, but not directly partnered with the business/organisation.
Here are some definitions from boundless.com:

A stakeholder is an individual or group that has a legitimate interest
in a company.
A corporate stakeholder is a person or group who can affect or be
affected by the actions of a business.
Internal stakeholders are
entities within a business (e.g., employees, managers, the board of
directors, investors).
External stakeholders are entities not within a
business itself but who care about or are affected by its performance
(e.g., consumers, regulators, investors, suppliers).

The employee's union in your example would be an example of an external stakeholder.


What is the advantage of using pthreads in Linux?

Question: I read somewhere that Linux threads are really implemented as processes in the kernel since with today's hardware and on the Linux platform, the thread model is inefficient compared to the process model. If this is the case then why do we still use pthreads programming in our projects (other than for backward compatibility)? Why is there so much hesitation in deprecating the pthreads model in Linux?
Comment: I think you're not seeing pthreads correctly. pthreads is an API to allow programmers to write threaded code. The actual threads are normal Linux threads, which are indeed extremely close to ordinary processes on Linux. pthreads aren't "inferior" threads in any way.
Comment: @Arpith For most uses, whether a thread is a separate task in the kernel is an irrelevant implementation detail. The programmer wants a thread and gets a thread.
Comment: Are you asking why Threads are still in use?  Or why Posix Threads are still in use?
Comment: A bit of both I guess.
Comment: So if the threads are implemented as processes (called tasks in Linux) then why do programmers still use the threaded approach since it is pretty obvious that their code eventually will translate to a task and not a thread as they planned?
Answer: Judging by the question you pose you probably haven't seen problems where Threads provide an advantage over the standard processes.
There are problems like High-Frequency Trading for example where system becomes sensitive to the number of context switches in the system as well as switching from user to kernel mode and back.  In this case ability to work within a single memory space and have light context switches or no context switches at all give performance increases enough to worry about it. In addition if you have multiple processes handling stream of data coming in you don't want to implement a dispatcher copying data to an available process since you will have to create queues in shared memory or use network based IPC to copy data from and to the various processes memory spaces whereas with threads you read and parse the data once and keep it internally where any thread can access that particular event as needed making execution that much faster.
In addition there are tasks that can manipulate same data at different times or the same time, in which case it becomes much easier to make sure that you are not trampling over the updates from a different update process(thread).
Given these and many more problems where a single process space become advantageous you can see the necessity of threads.  Now as far as Pthreads are concerned.  You don't have to use them but they provide standardization and hence portability of source code across platforms.
EDIT
The original question appears to mention the LinuxThreads which was implementing Threads entirely in User Level and at the Kernel level had to be handled as processes because those were the only kernel schedulable entities available.  As of 2.6 kernel this is no longer the case.  NPTL implements threads at the kernel level as schedulable entities.
You can also look at the similar question on StackOverflow
Comment: I'm sorry but you have missed my point completely. You are talking about generic threads and the normal stuff about how context switch are expensive to the kernel between processes compared to threads, which any decent operating systems text will talk at length about. My question is whether IN LINUX threads (which are implemented as processes in the kernel space, I believe) provide any advantage over being used as independent processes in user space.
Comment: @Arpith Answer amended.


Writing spec for devise RegistrationsController that will make sure users can't change their role - cryptic error message

Question: I have a rails 3.1 app using Devise and CanCan to mange users and roles. I want to make sure that users can update their password, but not their roles. (So ordinary users can't give themselves an admin role, basically). I have overridden the Devise class "RegistrationsController" with some code like this:
def update
  # this is my attempt to stop people from updating their roles
  # and giving themselves "Admin" priveledges.
  params.delete("role_ids")
  super
end

I'm hoping this will prevent hackers from updating the "role_ids" field in the user to change their priviledges. (If there is a better way to achieve this, please say!) My problem is I can't seem to write a spec that will test that this code works. My spec looks like this:
require 'spec_helper'

describe RegistrationsController do

    before (:each) do
      @user = Factory(:user)
      sign_in @user
    end

    it "should update the user attributes but not the roles" do
      user_params = {"name" => "new_name", "role_ids" => ["2"],}
      put :update, { :id => @user.id, :user  => user_params}
      @user = User.find(@user.id)
      @user.name.should == "new_name"
      @user.roles.should be_empty
    end
end

The trouble is this test doesn't execute. I get an error message like this:
Failures:

  1) RegistrationsController should update the user attributes but not the roles
     Failure/Error: put :update, { :id => @user.id, :user  => user_params}
     AbstractController::ActionNotFound:
       Could not find devise mapping for path "/user?id=29&user%5Bname%5D=new_name&user%5Brole_ids%5D%5B%5D=2".
       Maybe you forgot to wrap your route inside the scope block? For example:

           devise_scope :user do
             match "/some/route" => "some_devise_controller"
           end
     # ./spec/controllers/registrations_controller_spec.rb:13:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'

I don't understand what the error message is asking me to do. My routes seem fine and my application seems to work otherwise. Can anyone help?
Answer: Try this in your setup

@request.env["devise.mapping"] = Devise.mappings[:user]

For details see How To: Controllers and Views tests with Rails 3


Calling Node.js methods through Mac terminal

Question: I am beginner to back end developer languages like Node.js and I want to practice by learning how to run Node.js files and their methods. I've decided to try scrapers to apply knowledge so forgive my lack of skills.
I've got Node installed on my Mac and I want to run this library: https://github.com/mwpenny/kijiji-scraper
I've followed their instructions, installed their library using 'npm kijiji-scraper' and ran Ad.Get() and the terminal showed:
Users-MacBook-Air:~ userOne$ Ad.Get()
>
I entered the method below:
Users-MacBook-Air:~ userOne$ Ad.Get()

(url[, callback])

And got no errors but nothing outputted in the terminal.
I tried entering a URL but got an error message:
Users-MacBook-Air:~ userOne$ Ad.Get()

https://www.kijiji.ca/b-gta-greater-toronto-area/home/k0l1700272?dc=true
  -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `https://www.kijiji.ca/b-gta-greater-toronto-area/home/k0l1700272?dc=true'

Unfortunately, I have no idea how to call methods. Are there any good beginner guides or help you could give? I tried passing in a URL into Ad.Get() because I assumed that would work but nothing was outputted onto the terminal.
Any tips? I know this question seems totally lazy and unprofessional but I've tried reading some guides and I think this specific scenario requires a versatile knowledge of node.
Answer: You're not supposed to execute that from the terminal.
Instead, you should create a file, e.g. myScaper.js.
In this file, write this code;
const {Ad} = require("kijiji-scraper");

Ad.get('www.example.com').then((result) => {
  console.log(result);
})

Then run this by doing node myScaper.js in the terminal being in the folder that you ran npm i kijiji-scraper in.
This should get you started.


A reality check on blood viscosity decreasing under high temperature

Question: Is blood that decreases in viscosity as it increases in temperature plausible? It's supposed to be a biomodification that decreases the amount of energy the heart needs to put in during strenuous physical activity; I'm just not sure what biochemical mechanisms there might be IRL that would enable such a thing to exist.
Comment: I'm pretty sure the viscosity of most liquids decreases as you increase the temperature. If not all of them!
Answer: That the viscosity of a liquid decreases with increasing temperature it is very possible. Wikipedia has a section dedicated to the various possible models and relations to calculate the change based on the temperature.
However I think you are looking at it from the wrong side. The core of a living body is usually at a constant temperature, while the extremities fluctuate more, usually being at a lower temperature than the core. This would mean that the viscosity would increase, which, topped with the reduced section of the blood vessels at the far end of the body, would result in an increased effort for the heart.
If any, you want your blood to not vary much its viscosity with temperature. And don't forget that a couple degrees is already a large variation in temperature for a living being.
Comment: Good points both. If your fingers skin gets to 30C thats ok. If your core temp drops to 30 C you are dead. Similar for heat, I can wash the dishes in that 50C water (it hurts a bit but ok), but if my core temp reaches 42C I'll be rushed to the hospital and injected anti fever meds
Comment: From a fluid dynamics point of view, blood isn't well described by a single coefficient of viscosity (it's a viscoelastic fluid made up of a Newtonian fluid in the form of plasma with cells in it). To change the effective viscosity of the fluid as a function of outside temperature (i.e. keeping the body core at ~37),  you could suggest some chemical process from the brain that instructs the blood cells to change properties (i.e. be more spongy/stiff) which would change effective viscosity.
Comment: @EdSmith I think I'll do that - thanks.
Answer: Maybe, but it seems implausible.
Fats and oils can have these sorts of properties, where viscosity decreases as temperature increases. However, they tends to have a melting point slightly below human body temperature, and as a result, if the body temperature dipped slightly below that, the organism would face the risk of their blood congealing into a solid mass.
Additionally, different sorts of chemicals dissolve in oils when compared to those that dissolve in water, so the being in question would have to have an entirely different oil-based biochemistry, rather than  a water-based one.
Comment: Even water has this property. [Just look at this data](https://wiki.anton-paar.com/en/water/) - going from 15 to 80 degrees C drops the viscosity by over two thirds!
Answer: This is a "just in case" comment, meant to cover a possible scenario where viscosity isn't technically what you were looking for, as this is a common misconception outside health sciences. Of course you as an author decide what crazy worlds we would explore, but I'd just like to note that many languages talk casually about "blood thinner" medications and use terminology which only superficially seems to overlap with the idea of physical viscosity. Such medications and physiological events nonetheless are about a biochemical reactions which affect the process of blood coagulation due to complex interactions between many proteins and other factors – it's a not a simple temperature-dependent change in viscosity. The extreme case is clotting, which can look pretty terrifying.
Hopefully this is actually a good treatise of physical (non-chemical) properties of blood, though. d(^_^)


SVDD vs once Class SVM

Question: Can some one please explain me what is the difference between one class SVM and SVDD(support vector data description)
Comment: Is there experience around in which cases one of these models is superior?
Answer: Support vector data description (SVDD) finds the smallest hypersphere that contains all samples, except for some outliers. One-class SVM (OC-SVM) separates the inliers from the outliers by finding a hyperplane of maximal distance from the origin.
If the kernel function has the property that $k(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{x}) = 1 \quad \forall \mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^d$, SVDD and OC-SVM learn identical decision functions. Many common kernels have this property, such as RBF, Laplacian and $\chi^2$.
SVDD and OC-SVM are also equivalent in the case that all samples lie on a hypersphere centered at the origin, and are are linearly separable from it.
See Lampert, C. H. (2009). Kernel methods in computer vision (Chapter 5) for more detailed descriptions of these models.
Comment: if we had to solve the svdd as an optimization problem how can we generate the constraints
Comment: How do these two algos compare with XGBoost and other methods for classification problems? Let's say for something that is not medical classification, but something more simple like predictions in marketing?

SVDD vs once Class SVM


macOS Sierra 10.12 Printing Error

Question: Just upgraded 2012 mac mini to macOS Sierra 10.12.  Now when I try to print to a Canon MF-4500, I get an error message (filter failed).  I tried resetting the printing system and re-added the networked MF-4500 but I got same error message.
Comment: Are you in a position where you are able to plug the printer directly into the computer? If you can, try printing that way. Does that work?
Answer: Canon say that they are working on a fix. In the meantime, converting to a TIFF, removing the alpha channel and printing that works. (Just checked and it works fine for me MP640.)

macOS Sierra 10.12 Printing Error


What is the difference between pooled cross sectional data and panel data?

Question: They seem so similar. Are they the same thing but just referred to as different names?
Answer: When I see panel data, I think longitudinal data, so observations collected on the same individuals at multiple times, on the same topics. Repeated cross sections should be the same topics, but you get different samples of individuals at each observation.  I'd welcome other descriptions.
Answer: The answer here is pretty straight forward:
Both pooled cross sectional data and pure panel data collect data over time (this can range from 2 time periods to any large number). The key difference between the two is the "units" we follow. I am defining units as households, countries, or whatever we are collecting data on.
In pooled cross section, we will take random samples in different time periods, of different units, i.e. each sample we take, will be populated by different individuals. This is often used to see the impact of policy or programmes. For example we will take household income data on households X, Y and Z, in 1990. And then we will take the same income data on households G, F and A in 1995. Although we are interested in the same data, we are taking different samples (using different households) in different time periods.
In pure panel data, we are following the same units i.e. the same households or individuals over time. For example we will follow the same set of households X, Y and Z, for each time period we collect data i.e. in 1990 and we will also interview the same households in 1995.
Therefore the fundamental difference, is simply the units we observe the data for.
Hope this helps.
Answer: Cross-sectional data, or a cross section of a study population, in statistics and econometrics is a type of one- dimensional data set. Cross-sectional data refers to data collected by
observing many subjects (such as
individuals, firms or countries/regions)
at the same point of time, or without
regard to differences in time. Analysis
of cross-sectional data usually consists of comparing the differences among the
subjects. For example, we want to measure
current obesity levels in a population.
We could draw a sample of 1,000
people randomly from that population
(also known as a cross section of that
population), measure their weight and height, and calculate what percentage
of that sample is categorized as obese.
For example, 30% of our sample were
categorized as obese. This cross-
sectional sample provides us with a
snapshot of that population, at that one point in time. Note that we do not
know based on one cross-sectional
sample if obesity is increasing or
decreasing; we can only describe the
current proportion. Cross-sectional data differs from time series data also known as longitudinal data, which follows one subject's changes over the course of time.
Another variant, panel data (or time- series cross-sectional (TSCS) data),
combines both and looks at multiple
subjects and how they change over the
course of time. Panel analysis uses panel data to examine changes in
variables over time and differences in
variables between subjects. In a rolling cross-section, both the
presence of an individual in the sample
and the time at which the individual is
included in the sample are determined
randomly. For example, a political poll
may decide to interview 100,000 individuals. It first selects these
individuals randomly from the entire
population. It then assigns a random
date to each individual. This is the
random date on which that individual
will be interviewed, and thus included in the survey.
Answer: Based on the definition of Corey, we have following methodology to estimate the model with the pooled cross-sectional data and panel data.
Pooled cross section: one way fixed effects or random effects (only time) or just pooled OLS.
Panel data: two (or one) way fixed effects/random effects (either time or individual or both) or pooled OLS.
Comment: This doesn't answer the question
Answer: This is from "Basic Econometrics" by Gujarati (4th Edition, P28):
Panel, Longitudinal, or Micropanel Data This is a special type of
pooled data in which the same cross-sectional unit (say, a family or a firm)
is surveyed over time. For example, the U.S. Department of Commerce carries
out a census of housing at periodic intervals. At each periodic survey the
same household (or the people living at the same address) is interviewed to
find out if there has been any change in the housing and financial conditions
of that household since the last survey. By interviewing the same household
periodically, the panel data provides very useful information on the dynamics
of household behavior.
Answer: 4.Suppose you were interested in household food consumption and its relation to income in Harar City for the year 2022. Design a survey that could be used for obtaining data that could be used for estimation and hypothesis testing. If you obtain this information over the various income groups, what type of data is it? What type of data will it be if you repeat the survey quarterly in 2023? ?
Comment: Because this appears to contradict other answers here, it would be helpful to see some elaboration of what you mean by "pooled" and "panel" data.
Comment: What do you mean by this? To answer the question an example of either type of data would help, e.g. panel data follows the same units over time (like a household survey such as the panel study of income dynamics) whereas pooled data is data over different years but from different cross sections (such as the current population study).
Comment: I approved your edit but it's still not enough (probably will be rejected by others), and basically turns your answer into a question. Please check [How do I write a good answer?](https://stats.stackexchange.com/help/how-to-answer). If you have a question, post it separately using `Ask Question`


torque-speed characteristics of induction motors

Question: I have come across a website which says that zero staor resistance makes the maximum torque constant for different frequencies while keeping v/f ratio constant. And a non-zero stator resistance affect the value of maximum resistance.
My question is: How come that having non-zero stator resistance causes the maximum torque to decrease significantly as we deacrease the frequency of the stator (while keeping v/f ratio constant) {while it is not the case for zero stator resistance}?
Thanks
Comment: Need some sources here as some of this seems confusing - how can something have a zero resistance - very low yes...
Comment: maybe that's what they meant (theoretically it is possible that stator resistance = 0, isn't it?)
Answer: Keeping the V/f constant while reducing the frequency is accomplished by reducing the terminal voltage while reducing the frequency. Maximum torque is produced when the magnetizing current is maximum. Magnetizing current is essentially the voltage across the magnetizing branch of the equivalent circuit divided by the magnetizing reactance I = V/X. A Since magnetizing reactance is X = 2 * Pi * f * L, I is proportional to V/f.
However V across the magnetizing reactance is not the terminal voltage. It is the voltage across the magnetizing reactance. The voltage drop across the stator resistance reduces the voltage across the magnetizing reactance. When the frequency is reduced, the terminal voltage is reduced, but the voltage drop across the stator resistance remains constant because the current is relatively constant. That means the V/f across the magnetizing reactance decreases even though the terminal V/f is constant.
The current through the stator resistance includes both the magnetizing current and the rotor current. However the rotor current is determined by the torque delivered to the load. If that remains constant, the current in the stator resistance is relatively constant.
The voltage drop across the stator leakage reactance also effects the V/f across the magnetizing reactance.
I have not included a diagram of the equivalent circuit, but anyone doing this type on analysis should have a mental image of that.
Comment: :S.............


Remove Custom Taxonomy Base

Question: I am using custom taxonomies with WordPress 3.0.4
I am wondering if anyone knows how to remove the taxonomy base from the URL?
I have seen plugins that do it for categories and tags, but not for custom taxonomies.
For example, I have a custom taxonomy called 'cities'. I would like my URL structure to be mydomain.com/newyork instead of mydomain.com/cities/newyork
Is there a function or something I can use?
Comment: I do not believe there is a plugin out there yet, since custom taxonomies are "new" or since 3.0.
Comment: I just added a plugin to the Wordpress Directory that removes the slug base for any custom taxonomy and the default category taxonomy. You can find it here - http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-no-taxonomy-base/
Answer: Rewriting the slug (-> to empty) within the taxonomy registration won't work so I'm not sure what other options you have within WordPress. You'll probably need to modify the .htaccess directly to fit your needs.
However, a word of caution to this permalink setup; Otto describes the issue quite well here: http://ottopress.com/2010/category-in-permalinks-considered-harmful/ .
Cheers
Noel
Answer: I think this is possible, but you will need to keep an eye on the order of the rewrite rules. To help you with this I recommend a plugin I wrote to analyze the rewrite rules (soon available in the repository, but you can download a pre-release).
First of all, these rules are quite generic, and should thus come at the end of the rules list. The default action is to put them at the top, so we prevent the default and add them ourselves. We already have the generic page rules at the bottom, so we should make them explicit and move them to the top by enabling verbose page rules. This is not efficient when you have lots of pages, but I don't think there is another way to do it now.
<code>add_action( 'init', 'wpse6342_init' );
function wpse6342_init()
{
    // Register your taxonomy. `'rewrite' => false` is important here
    register_taxonomy( 'wpse6342', 'post', array(
        'rewrite' => false,
        'label' => 'WPSE 6342',
    ) );

    // Enable verbose page rules, so all pages get explicit and not generic rules
    $GLOBALS['wp_rewrite']->use_verbose_page_rules = true;
}

add_action( 'generate_rewrite_rules', 'wpse6342_generate_rewrite_rules' );
function wpse6342_generate_rewrite_rules( &$wp_rewrite )
{
    // This code is based on the rewrite code in `register_taxonomy()`

    // This rewrite tag (%wpse6342%) is just a placeholder to use in the next line
    // 'wpse6342=` should be the same as the `query_var` when registering the taxonomy
    //    which is the name of the taxonomy by default
    // `(.+?)` works for a hierarchical taxonomy
    $wp_rewrite->add_rewrite_tag( '%wpse6342%', '(.+?)', 'wpse6342=' );
    // This will generate the actual rewrite rules, and put the at the end of the list
    $wp_rewrite->rules += $wp_rewrite->generate_rewrite_rules( $wp_rewrite->front . '%wpse6342%', EP_NONE );
}
</code>
Answer: I tried the WP No Taxonomy Base plugin mentioned by the plugins author and it did not work for me.  At first I was optimistic it would do the trick, but then I noticed all site permalinks continued to retain the base slug.  It was only after navigating to one of the link destinations the base slug was removed, but it remained persistent in all site permalinks, which kind of defeats the purpose.
I have heard some people have had success doing what it sounds like you would like to do using the WP htaccess Control plugin.  Its author lists the following features:

Customizing the htaccess file generated by WordPress;
Removing any custom taxonomy's slug base from permalinks;
Removing the category base from permalinks;
Removing the author base from permalinks;
Customizing the Author Permalink Base;
Customizing Paginated Permalinks (translate the "page" word on permalinks to your own language);
Customization (and canonization) of the Search Permalink Base;
Creation of Category, Author, Tag and Custom Taxonomy based archives (ex: "http://your-site.com/category/stories/2010/12", "http://your-site.com/author/admin/2010/12/page/2" and "http://your-site.com/tag/wordpress/2010/12"), this will also work if you've removed the base slug;
Maintenance mode;
wp-login.php redirection.

I personally experienced problems getting the plugin to save my new settings both times I tried it.  It wanted to connect to "https" instead of "http" on save and would throw an error when it could not.  However, maybe you will have better luck!

Remove Custom Taxonomy Base