What is the origin of the phrase "when push comes to shove"?

Question: "When push comes to shove" means "as a last resort" or "if absolutely necessary". Does anyone know why the phrase came to be used in this way?
Comment: This is really old, but I've just looked it up. [According to Lexico](https://www.lexico.com/definition/when_push_comes_to_shove), it means, "When one must commit oneself to an action or decision." [The OED says](https://oed.com/view/Entry/155116?redirectedFrom=when+push+comes+to+shove#eid27599880), "when action must back up words; if or when one must commit oneself to an action or decision." That is how I always understood it.
Comment: I always just assumed it meant, "when the going gets rough". As in, "when a polite push is changes to a forceful shove".
Answer: I'm not sure about this rugby scrum origin theory. I found a snippet of a 1981 William Safire column in New York Times Magazine article that indicates this guess was put forth by an AJ Gracia of Southbury, Connecticut. It goes on to call it an "offbeat etymology."
Etymonline has the phrase dated from 1958, but with no mention of rugby. I found the phrase used over a decade earlier (1947) in the English translation of Haitian Jacques Romain's Masters of the Dew done by Langston Hughes and Mercer Cook. Again, no rugby context:

It would be interesting to know what original French phrase was translated as such. Hughes went on to use the phrase again in Simple Takes a Wife, 1953—the next reference I can find in print.
Edit:
Safire wrote another column on the phrase in 1997 which drops the mention of rugby altogether. He concludes "a black-English origin for the phrase is pretty likely" and cites a 1954 example, four years earlier than OED's earliest reference (1958). He also dug up this more plausible origin of the phrase:

Other evidence there of the phrase's black origin is a recollection from Norman Pierce of Jack's Record Cellar in San Francisco of Shove Day, or Bump Day, the traditional Thursday off for domestic servants in the 1920's, ''on which blacks 'accidentally' jostled whites in public places, railways, streetcars, etc.''

Edit #2:
I just found another antedating of the phrase. These are from Black Thunder by Arna Wendell Bontemps (close friend of Langston Hughes), 1936:
Comment: A few years later: the earliest OED reference for the exact phrase is from a 1898 newspaper in Georgia: "When 'push comes to shove' will editors of the Yellow Kid organs enlist?". Earliest reference at all is from 1873 in _United Methodist Free Churches' Mag._: "The proposed improvement is about to fail, when Push comes up behind it and gives it a shove, and Pull goes in front and lays into the traces; and, lo! the enterprise advances, the goal is reached!".
Comment: You should send these antedatings to etymonline.com and the OED.
Comment: @Hugo: Just sent it to Etymonline. I'll do the same for OED, but can you tell me what they have for earliest occurrence? I don't have easy access.
Comment: I don't have OED access either, but your answer edit cites a 1958 citation.
Comment: So it does. I got that from Safire's 1997 article. Maybe someone here could confirm that that is still OED's earliest reference. I'd like to know before going through the OED submission process.
Answer: Answers.com also cites the rugby reference.  It also notes the other meaning of the phrase as in "They supposedly support equality, but when push comes to shove they always seem to promote a man instead of a woman".  I think the difference is "if" vs. "when".  I see think the "when" meaning is more prevalent.  It means "when actually tested".
Comment: Searching this corpus yielded 87 "when..." vs. 17 "if..." http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/?c=coca&q=8201178
Answer: Push is just a push, and things have escalated to a shove now.  It now means business.  Escalate to get the thing accomplished.
Comment: Yes, a shove is a much more intense push, sometimes using up all your remaining energy; so that would seem the right metaphor for "as a last resort".
Answer: According to this site, this term comes from rugby, where, after an infraction of rules, forwards from each team face off and push against one another.
Answer: Well my understanding of the phrase has always been this:
Pushing and shoving is a way of referring to fighting, particular little man-to-man arguments.  They start with a push and a shove, so when "push comes to shove", it means a fight will break out.  Fighting is the last resort, or at least the least desired outcome of an argument.
Answer: The earliest instance of the idiom I found is from Central Valley project of California: Hearings. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Flood Control
February 7-9, 1935: page 52

It's my guess that the idiom is derived from the  fixed expression push and shove, which Wikipedia calls Siamese twins or binomials. The order of the words are never reversed and they are usually conjoined by the words and or or.

The words constituting a Siamese twins phrase may be synonyms, antonyms, include alliterations or similar-sounding words that often rhyme.

The combination: push and shove is firmly rooted in the 19th century (earlier instances I did not find in Google Books) and  clearly expresses a frustrated type of struggle, where people or animals have to fight each other in order to reach their objective.  As seen in the following excerpts:
Young Men's Christian Association, 1903

The Nursery by Fanny P. Searverns  1867
The Donkey and The Pigs

The London Review and Weekly Journal of Politics, Literature, Art... 1860

For the rest of us, we push and shove ourselves into the best places, after the manner of Englishmen, that is, to our mutual discomfort, and without the least necessity ; and then we look round, and compose ourselves, to the due enjoyment of the imposing spectacle.

Missionary Chronicle Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. 1844

Some go about begging and push and shove one another, [each greedy to get first]. Others go about begging unthreshed rice of the donor. They strive for food, transgressing the rules of propriety. They do not properly demean themselves.

From push and shove to "when push comes to shove" the path seems to me fairly straightforward. After all what is a shove if not a more decisive and aggressive type of push? A shove represents a surge of energy, the last resort, the final action when no alternative option is available.
Answer: In one of the Discworld books, Terry Pratchett alludes to the origin of this word as being midwifery (I think it's Nanny Ogg who has the relevant line).
I imagine he just made this up though...
Comment: interesting - we should chech it out
Answer: I suspect it might have its origins in the 16th and early 17th century English, during the English Civil War. The phrase that comes to mimd is a description of what happens when opposing pike blocks engaged in melee. It was described as push of pike and musket butt.
That phrase would have percolated through the population easily since the civilian population was intimately associated with the armies. It could easily morph into push comes to shove as that rolls off the tongue so easily and aptly describes the soldiesr in the pike blocks doing exactly that.
Comment: Interesting theory. Do you have any references to support it?


Is the database table "field_revision_body" used in a core module or can I just drop it?

Question: I recently installed the revisioning module and now im cleaning it up and uninstalling it, but it seem to have created a bunch of field_revision_field_ tables in my database. Since it creates another table for every field you have, it creates alot of mess. I uninstalled the revisioning module, but these tables still stayed. I was wondering if I can just drop these? Also i see there is a field_revision_body table, but i dont know if it was generated by the revisioning module. So im asking if anyone knows what this table is used for? I tried deleting it, but i get an error when editing a node. So it must be used for something.
Answer: Both tables (field_data_* and field_revision_*) are added and used by the field SQL storage module in core. The existence of both tables make it possible to store revisions of field data. There's no way to use that storage system without both data_* and revision_* tables.
So don't delete it :)
There are modules out there defining alternative storage systems without using revision tables (e.g. Field SQL norevisions) but I'm not sure how difficult it would be to convert an existing database to use that system.
Comment: thanks clive.. but i found out the hard way.. had to restore multiple times and realized we need the revision_ tables. =( ...


Color and shape arriving together in visual system

Question: I know that in the visual cortex there are separate visual pathways for both color and shape. Do these separate pathways imply that human beings become consciously aware of these features separately or are they bound unconsciously?
Answer: It is something of an oversimplification to say that

there are separate visual pathways for both color and shape.

There are many cells, even in V1, which are selective for both colour and shape (or at least orientation). While there are regions more sensitive to some features than others, there are plenty of neurons which combine features. It is also not clear what you mean by becoming conscious of these features separately. Clearly, we can know both that there is something red in front of us and that it is a square. You may have also experienced a flash of a colour without knowing the form, so in that sense, they are separable in consciousness.
The combination of these things is indeed a difficult problem akin to the binding problem. Bruce's answer gives some good background and here is a paper about binding in vision. More generally, binding in feature integration theory requires features to be linked to locations (plausible given topographical organisation in cortex).
Answer: They are bound unconsciously, and this is known as the binding problem. You can make experiments (using very short durations and/or "masks") however, to interfere with this process. The result is that sometimes you consciously bind the wrong color and shape.
Comment: Do you have references to these experiments?
Comment: It is in most Vision textbooks, but I will try to find the original reference


Are employers required to pay for your vacation days you haven't taken in the U.S.?

Question: Are employers required to pay for your vacation days you haven't taken in the U.S.? I was told I can't get money from the vacations I haven't taken at the end of the year and only 5 days can be transferred to next year. Is this a legal practice?
Comment: This very, very likely depends on state laws.  Which state are you asking about?
Comment: Further to @grovkin's comment, it's standard practice in my experience, which it wouldn't be if it were illegal.  The details may vary by jurisdiction, of course.
Comment: @phoog it's conceivable that a state law would allow this to be a part of an employment agreement, but not allow it if it has not been stipulated ahead of time.  It's also conceivable that a state law would not allow this to be a part of an employment agreement.
Comment: The situation you describe would be common in CA. Take it or lose it is designed to promote actually taking vacations. Take it or lose it is not legal in CA but a cap on accrued vacation days is allowed
Answer: In California
As expalined in the California Employment Law Report the law provides -

No use-it-or-lose-it policies permitted.
Under California law, vacation is treated the same as earned wages and vest as the employee performs work. Because vacation is earned proportionally as the employee works, any type of policy requiring employees to lose vacation that has already been earned is illegal under California law.

Reasonable caps are allowed. While employers cannot implement "use-it-or-lose-it" policies, they can place a reasonable cap, or
ceiling, on vacation accrual.

Also, when you leave the company the days accrued must be paid. I did not find any requirement to allow employees to demand a trade of days-for-cash at other times.
So, I think your situation would be very standard in CA.


Creating GUI for an arcgis project with python

Question: I am new to Python and been putting my hands around ArcGIS for a while. So I am wondering if it is possible to create a GUI for an ArcGIS project I did and compile it to a desktop application or web based application. Considering my core is HTML I was even thinking if it is possible with it.
Comment: Welcome to GIS SE. I don't understand what you are trying to accomplish. Please edit your answer to provide more detail on what you want and what you have tried so far.
Answer: TLDR: Can you build standalone desktop app, or web app with python and ArcGIS? No, not really. What about adding GP services, tools, or scripts? Yes, that is doable.
You can create add-ins and scripts to launch in ArcGIS Desktop, and geoprocessing services to use with ArcGIS Server. You can read more about these below, as they may be what you are looking for.
Python Scripts in ArcGIS Desktop - http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/analyze/creating-tools/a-quick-tour-of-creating-script-tools.htm
Geoprocessing Services on ArcGIS Server - http://server.arcgis.com/en/server/latest/publish-services/linux/what-is-a-geoprocessing-service-.htm
Why not a desktop app?
You might be able to hack a solution together using something using a GUI like Qt, and connect with ArcGIS with something like win32com, but that will require ArcGIS (and a License) to be installed on the users machine, there isn't much documentation on it, and there really are no benefits over using C#/C++ with ArcObjects SDK, or ArcGIS Runtime SDK, running with ArcEngine (or desktop). In addition you are likely violating the terms of Use. Python also doesn't compile very well.
Why not a web site?
It is possible, but it violates terms of use, and is overly complicated when ArcGIS server and other open source products exist (MapServer, GeoServer). I would recommend using those instead. I would look in to geoprocessing services.


Average lifetime for 26inch spokes

Question: I've been riding my bike for about a year and a half now and the back spokes are starting to snap, 2 now. I want to know when was this bike bought from the original owner since the spokes are stock spokes and it is second hand, it would be easy to know. All I do is just wheelies and bunny hops so maybe it might wear off more faster. Also, should I replace the spokes asap?
Comment: Also, yes wheelies, bunny hops, stunts, kerb/curb jumps up and down, and falls or accidents can all contribute to broken spokes and shorter lifespan of spokes.
Comment: Which spokes have broken - rear wheel, right hand side?
Comment: My general rule is that when two spokes have broken (and not for something like getting something caught in them) then the spokes are probably reaching "end of life" and I should plan on replacing them.  But you probably need not rush until the 3rd one breaks.
Comment: Going to replace it at January, thanks for the help.
Comment: Can you describe how the spoke breaks?  Is it at the J bend (ie right in the flange on the hub) or is it at the threadded bit by the nipple, or somewhere in the middle of the spoke?  Can you also compare the tension on your spokes with some other bikes - are your spokes softer or harder?
Answer: From the info you've given it's hard to tell how old your bike/the spokes are.
If the spoke tension is too low/if there is too big a difference in the tension of the spokes in the wheel this can cause premature spoke failure due to uneven force distribution over the spokes in the wheel. Make sure to have proper spoke tension/tension distribution to prevent premature spoke failure.
To answer your other questions:
1) Yes the wheels will not last as long when doing bunny hops and other such 'stunts' (such as riding down stairs, jumping off things etc.)
2) You should replace your spokes as soon as possible, if you don't and keep riding there is a significantly higher chance of more spokes braking (since the force is distributed over less spokes)
Comment: But what if I just ride it normally? How long will it last for?
Comment: In some cases they can last years (My dad rides a bike which he's been using for 6 years or so every day with a lot of weight on it (110kg or so) without any issue (iirc we replaced maximum of 5 spokes in total), but it depends on a few factors among which rider weight, level of maintenance and spoke quality.
Comment: 6 years is not much for a bike, and already had to replace 5 spokes? I call that high replacement for a normal sturdy bike. Racing bikes/road bikes are less sturdy.
Comment: I think that bunny hops and wheelies pretty low down on the list of tricks that people do. If that's all the OP is doing and they have good technique, then a well-built wheel should be able to handle that without issue. The key is, as you alluded to, that the wheel was probably poorly built.
Comment: @Willeke Well he does use it approx 3 hours per day and the bike was already secondhand when he bought it. replaced a few spokes when he got it and none since
Comment: @Maarten Ah, that explains it. Needed replaced spokes when bought second hand, non since, that is what I would expect.
Comment: @WeiwenNg That's making a lot of assumptions. It's a second hand bike (unknown previous use) that's currently being used for stunts, that makes it more susceptible to wear and/or damage. How much, we can't say. But more than average. Considering the profile of OP states "I crash a lot and ends up having bike problems", I have my doubts with the technique as well.
Comment: This answer is wrong. Your spokes are fine, it's your rim that is dead. Replace the rim and spokes, if you get the same rim, you can reuse the old spokes.
Answer: Spokes are unfortunately one of the places where quality matters a lot. Decent spokes in a well built wheel last virtually forever, including wheelies and bunny hops. In accidents the rim breaks before spokes. On the other hand, poor spokes start snapping no matter what after some riding.
Comment: @LamMunnJuan one expensive spoke in a wheel with 31 cheap spokes is a bit of a waste - You'd be better off with a brand name spoke like DT Swiss for $2 rather than a $1 spoke.  But I wouldn't bother with an $8 spoke.
Comment: So, buying a very expensive spoke is overkill?
Comment: Certainly when I crashed hard enough to write off my front rim (and break bits of myself) the spokes all survived.  I still bought new when I built the replacement.  Sapim race (their basic double-butted model) for about £0.60 each (under $/€1); some DT spokes are around the same price.
Comment: The last time I built a wheel, DT Competition was around 40 cents a piece. The seller, roseversand.de, doesn't sell single spokes any more but pack of 20 is €6.80. By industrialized country standards you don't save much with skimping on spokes.
Answer: In my experience, the wheel's build quality is key, and it has to be strong enough to support your weight plus whatever cargo you carry. That includes having a good quality rim that's straight out of the box, and it includes even tension on the spokes. (In the case of the rear wheel, the drive-side spokes will all be at a much higher tension because the wheel is dished, so I really mean the spokes on each side are even in tension). To my knowledge, most wheels are built by machine and finished by hand. The stock wheels on a lower-end bike may not have been finished as well (e.g. tensioned evenly) as on a higher-end wheelset. Also, the original owner might have hit them.
Wheel strength is determined by the rim and the number of spokes. The gauge (thickness) of the spokes may not matter as much in terms of strength. I'm not familiar with 26" mountain bike wheels, so I have to give an example of my own road bike's wheels. I'm about 135 lbs (61 kg), and I have 20 spokes in front and 24 at the rear. People who are 180 lbs (81k kg) would probably want 24 spokes front and 28 rear at minimum, assuming the same rim. If a heavier rider took my wheels, they would go out of true faster, and possibly they would be more likely to break spokes. The rim involved is a pretty strong 30mm aluminum one. You could get a shallower and lighter one, but then most riders would want to increase the number of spokes.
A possible factor is the tire. Tires offer a bit of cushioning. A 23mm road tire offers a lot less comfort over bumpy roads than a 28mm one. You mentioned a 26" wheel, so I assume you have a big tire, but it might be worth mentioning for completeness.
If you have a well-built wheel from components that are good enough, then barring manufacturing defects, you should be able to wear the rim out without breaking spokes. If all you are doing is bunny hops and wheelies, and your technique is good, then I don't think that should stress the wheel too much (disclosure: it should be obvious that I'm a roadie, and I don't do wheelies or real bunny hops). Again, I would suspect that you'd wear the rim out first. I've had one pair of road bike wheels for 7 years before the rims were worn a bit too thin for me to trust. I had another pair for 5 years. The rims are actually still good, but the hubs are not quite sound (issues with a proprietary bearing, and the manufacturer went out of business).
Answer: Your spokes are breaking because of your rim. You have already broken one spoke, your rim just suddenly got yanked to one side. Fitting a new spoke is a monkey patch on a cheap rim, and a temporary solution on an expensive rim, at best.
The reason for this is that now the rim is essentially permanently warped, spoke tension will be all over the placed and uneven, they will continue to break until your replace the rim + spokes. Tensioning the wheel won't do a thing.
The only exception is on carbon rims, where they basically can't warp, they just right out snap.
Comment: This is flat out not true; a broken spoke does not permanently warp a rim out of shape.  Even on a dished rear wheel there isn't _that_ much lateral force on the rim.  Unless the nipples are pulling through the rim, the rim is almost definitely not the problem.

Average lifetime for 26inch spokes


I can't edit anything in my disk

Question: I install Ubuntu latest version by formatting my windows( New volume:C) so that there is no data lose of my other disc. But now I can't delete/create a new folder/paste in this disc. Please tell me any solution of this. I also tried "sudo mkdir New_Folder" in terminal, but it won't work.
Comment: It is unclear. Do you have a working linux already?
Comment: Please be specific as to what you mean. Latest version means? The latest release is Ubuntu 21.04 but do you mean desktop? server? or even a *cloud* or IoT product like Ubuntu Core 20?  or do you mean a much older but latest LTS such as Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Desktop? or Server?  ie. please be specific.  Also what message(s) did you get with the `sudo mkdir New_Folder` as it's best if we see the command, your $PWD (present working directory) & resulting error message; which are useful clues as to your issue (we don't know what your $PWD is as if it was in /dev/ you cannot create devices that way..)
Comment: @guiverc @MaestroGlanz Thanks for your reply... Basically I am a beginner in linux. Can u pls recommend me any site or youtube video for learning linux (**Ubuntu**) and all its `sudo` command and their uses.
Answer: When I try to create a new folder using the terminal, and it shows that the disc is read-only for use, I apply the following and it's is sorted.
sudo ntfsfix /dev/drive_name

The drive name can be seen by executing the command: sudo fdisk -l.
Comment: You need to understand the Windows Fast Startup feature and what it does to any NTFS partitions it has access to. Basically, if you had disabled it as recommended everywhere and shutdown Windows properly before removing it, this wouldn't have happened.

I can't edit anything in my disk


What is the word for when someone is describing something as completely normal when it is not?

Question: In the short fiction story "The Lottery", author Shirley Jackson has a 3rd person point of view narrator who tells the story of a town event that is on the verge of happening. This "lottery" does not have a pleasant prize, however, the story is being told as if this lottery event is normal. Is there a word to describe the narrators tone of describing the day of the lottery and the event it self?
Comment: That is called *dramatic irony*.
Comment: I tend to think that while, in a meta-context it might be called dramatic irony, the narrator, who knows nothing of the reader's scope or mind-set, is just reporting "*matter-of-factly*"
Comment: I think it's called *fiction.*
Answer: It's called dramatic irony. From the Wikipedia entry for irony:

Dramatic irony . . . [produces] dramatic conflict in what one character relies or appears to rely upon, the contrary of which is known by observers (especially the audience; sometimes to other characters within the drama) to be true.

In this case, the observer (the reader) knows that the lottery is bizarre even though it is accepted as normal by the people in the story.
Comment: I disagree. Under this assertion, Is there any work of fiction that is not an example of "dramatic irony"?
Comment: Well, Jim, yes there is. The difference is in degree, and the disparity between what the characters know and what the reader (viewer) knows has to be profound. You certainly don't get that from mass-market fiction. But you get it from, say, *The Great Gatsby*, *Huckleberry Finn*, and other works, but not necessarily from *Moby-Dick* or *Oliver Twist*.
Answer: The situation is describable by a few terms.

contradiction
paradox
anomaly
enigma

I would choose enigma. I think most people would choose enigma to describe the situation.
To emphasize the unpleasantness of the enigma

horrendous/horrid/unpleasant/cruel enigma

For example,

Poverty is a cruel enigma of human existence. It does not matter how diligent or intelligent you are. It is a lottery that befalls on a chosen group of people, in order to allow the contrasts of diversity to oil the machinery of society.

e•nig•ma (əˈnɪg mə)
n., pl. -mas, -ma•ta (-mə tə)

a puzzling or inexplicable occurrence or situation.
a person of puzzling or contradictory character.
a saying, picture, etc., containing a hidden meaning; riddle.

[1530–40; < Latin aenigma < Greek aínigma < ainik- (s. of ainíssesthai to speak in riddles, derivative of aînos fable)]
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
Answer: It also could be viewed as understatement. By its nature, understatement is ironic.
In telling a tale of horror as if it is quotidian, Ms. Jackson is being a bit disingenuous.
Comment: Or is it her telling it so a vital part of what makes it horror?


Atmel ICE Debugger - Does it work with nRF52-DK

Question: I bought the Full Kit Atmel ICE (2016) to allow me to debug AVR chips. The Atmel ICE debugger can program both AVR as well as SAM for ARM Cortex. I have an Nordic Semiconductors nRF52-DK board which has an 64MHz ARM Cortex-M4F processor. Could I use the ICE kit to debug this development kit or is it locked to work only with Atmel Cortex chips? Will I have to buy another debugger kit? If so which will work with the nRF52-DK board?
Comment: Microcontroller Manufacturers' programmers and ICE are almost always locked to their products. I don't know for a fact that no one has made the Atmel ICE work with an nRF52-DK, but I would be amazed, and I would expect that it is not supported by Atmel. The rest of your question can be solved using a web search. For example, I looked at the nordic web site, where it says "Program/Debug options on the kit is Segger J-Link OB". However, it is 'mbed enabled' which almost always means it has an on-board debugger already and you don't need another. Read the documentation, and that should be clear
Comment: @gbulmer thanks... on-board debugger makes sense. I did not know that was present.
Answer: just test it with OpenOCD and Atmel ICE via CMSIS-DAP - and it's working fine.
<code>c:\_elektro\OpenOCD>bin\openocd.exe -f interface/cmsis-dap.cfg  -f target/nrf52.cfg
Open On-Chip Debugger 0.10.0 (2019-02-10) [https://github.com/sysprogs/openocd]
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
        http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
Info : auto-selecting first available session transport "swd". To override use 'transport select <transport>'.
adapter speed: 1000 kHz
cortex_m reset_config sysresetreq
Info : Listening on port 6666 for tcl connections
Info : Listening on port 4444 for telnet connections
Info : CMSIS-DAP: SWD  Supported
Info : CMSIS-DAP: JTAG Supported
Info : CMSIS-DAP: FW Version = 01.27.0082
Info : CMSIS-DAP: Serial# = J41800069538
Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface Initialised (SWD)
Info : SWCLK/TCK = 1 SWDIO/TMS = 1 TDI = 1 TDO = 1 nTRST = 0 nRESET = 1
Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface ready
Info : clock speed 1000 kHz
Info : SWD DPIDR 0x2ba01477
Info : nrf52.cpu: hardware has 6 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints
Info : Listening on port 3333 for gdb connections
Info : accepting 'telnet' connection on tcp/4444
Warn : target was in unknown state when halt was requested
Info : nRF52832-QFAA(build code: B0) 512kB Flash
</code>
Comment: Yes, sometimes this works.  But don't count on it.  I found one firmware version of the atmel probe could program stm32's while another that had been connected to a Windows box with Atmel software and received a firmware update no longer could.


what is the difference between [法度]{はっと} and [法律]{ほうりつ}?

Question: To add a bit more to my question, I'm wondering if the words are used interchangeably, or if 法度 has more a sense of law that is set up to ban or prohibit something?  Is 法度 a commonly used word?
Answer: 法律 is the general word for "law", as in 「法律を守る」(obey the law),「法律で禁止されている」(forbidden by law) or 「渡辺法律事務所」(Watanabe Law Firm).
I believe that the most common use of 法度【はっと】 is to mean "something that is terribly bad manners", and that it's almost always used with ご in front — 「ご法度」. A quick Web search found:

新郎・新婦の恋愛遍歴話はご法度:結婚式でゲストがやってはいけない非常識な行動
"Talking about the bride and groom's ex-lovers is a no-no: faux pas that guests mustn't make at weddings"

It seems that originally, 法度 meant a law forbidding something, but I don't think it's used in modern-day legal discussions.
Answer: First, 法律 is more commonly used in spoken and written Japanese than 法度 is. You can verify this notion by how the two words appear in a Google search, with 404 million for the first and 930,000 for the second. Also, ほうりつ when entered in an input bridge will immediately convert to 法律, whereas はっと will likely convert to Katakana, and only with further keyboard work will you get 法度.
That said, the two words have similar meanings. Using Kenkyusha's as my source here,
法律 applies to "(the) law" as well as referring to a law or legislation. It is likely the most general word for this idea, and does not have the specific sense you note for 法度 in your question.
法度 also means a law or ordinance, but also can refer to a prohibition, ban, or taboo.
On a personal note, in over 20 years of translating Japanese material into English I've never seen 法度 whereas I regularly see 法律. However, I am not a legal translator or scholar, and input from someone with that background could further clarify this question.
Comment: 「ご法度」 is used fairly often by native speakers.  Not encountering it in 20 years is a little weird.
Comment: To clarify, I mean that I've not seen it in the material I've translated. Maybe that's more a reflection of what I work on.


How do I play this chord?

Question: How would one play this chord? I am 6'2" and have medium to large hands but there is no way I can reach from the E to G#. Is there a trick to it?
Comment: Note that the chord in indicated as rolled and pedal is common in this piece.
Comment: That squiggly line just before the dots is the answer: it means *arpeggiate*, or play each note in succession, quickly, using pedal to hold the already played notes on. There is no pedal marking but it's assumed that the sustain pedal is used.
Answer: These are usually handled by rolling the chord and using some pedal. There other techniques:

How do I play this chord?


Does non-restrictive relative clause modify only obeject

Question: https://ell.stackexchange.com/a/164712/35099 ,@djna taught me about  non-restrictive relative clause. Now I meet a more complex one:
Spark acquires executors on nodes in the cluster, which are processes that run computations and store data for your application. How can I justify which part the clause modify? executors,nodes or cluster?I can tell from my knowledge it's "excutors". But any syntax rule can I use to judge?
Comment: I view this sentence as badly formed; as @joiedevivire has explained breaking into two sentences greatly improves clarity. I would not expect technical documents to be models of good writing. As a former IT person I'm all too aware of my own inability to write clearly and grammatically - it's hard enough getting the technical aspects right.
Comment: It doesn't modify anything. Non-restrictive relatives are not modifiers but supplements. They have an antecedent of course, called an 'anchor', which they refer to, but do modify.  The semantic anchor can be anything you like, but you still need it to be unambiguous, which it is here. Since the verb is the plural "are", it could be any one of the plural NPs: "nodes in the cluster", "executors" or the larger NP "executors on nodes in the cluster".
Comment: thanks,at least I know it's not always my fault to be trapped by these ambiguous
Comment: @djna ,does "the most recent noun"  rule not always right?What's the condition this rule not apply?
Comment: It only applies when the author adheres to the rule :-) Here, I claim, the author does not follow normal sentence structure. As readers we use the thought process outlined by joiedevivre and understand the intention.
Answer: For maximum clarity, you might consider just breaking it into two sentences:
Spark acquires executors on nodes in the cluster. Executors are processes that run computation and store data for your application.
The "rule" is that the "which" clause modifies the most recent noun in the sentence. So grammatically, it sort of modifies "cluster." However, your audience will rule out "cluster," because the verb conjugation "are" doesn't agree with it. (It's legitimate to use conjugation to skip referents this way.)
That means the audience will skip backward to "nodes." Assuming your audience is even a little bit technical, they'll know the "which" clause probably isn't defining nodes, either, and if they parse fast enough and remember the word "executors," they'll know that executors are what you're talking about. Still, it's best to avoid all that pain and ambiguity by just making two sentences.
Comment: Yes, but non-restrictive relative clauses are not modifiers -- they are not a dependent of the head noun, i.e. they do not combine with the antecedent to form a syntactic constituent as happens with restrictive relatives.
Comment: @BillJ Thank you, as always, for the technical definitions. I really do enjoy reading and learning from what you say. However, I don't think it substantially changes the logic required to parse which is the "anchor NP" if I change the terms I used in my answer. I do see a point that maybe "the most recent noun" isn't the rule. But I think English-speaking humans still probably parse nouns and NPs in reverse order to find the logical fit. Am I mistaken?


Can i make a phone call at my Lenovo A5500-H tablet?

Question: I have a Lenovo A5500-H tablet with a sim card slot and i want to know if i can make calls on it.  I hope you can help me fix this.
Answer: According to some sources, the H variant cannot make voice calls, instead it supports Wi-Fi and data (2g/3g) hence the sim slot.
As stated by one user on XDA forums:
This tablets comes in 3 ROM variants; the F, H and HV.
Lenovo H variants are made with the same hardware as their HV variants but a different ROM. H's have 3g data & wifi but not voice calling, HV's have 3d data & wifi & voice calling.
Some users have found a workaround to enable voice calling using some unofficial means:

With most a Lenovo's recent tablets, if you have the 'H' model (3G
  data only), you can load the firmware for the 'HV' model (3G data with
  calling) and it will work.

In case you wish to understand more on this topic, read detailed instructions provided on XDA


Are all 9 speed chains compatible with all 9 speed systems?

Question: My current chain is x9, but it's expensive in eBay. Can I use any 9 speed chain like on this page?
Comment: I edited the title to be clearer; please roll back my edit if it's incorrect.
Comment: @Neil Fein: thank you, it is clearer now. Sorry about the semantic mess.
Answer: AFAIK any 9speed chain made for dérailleur should fit (single speed and hub gear chains are different)
9 speed chains are more expensive, they are thinner and not as common - so fewer cheap brands bother to make them, or stores to stock them
BUT - the chain is an important part of the bike, a poor quality chain will stick, jump and wear the rear cassette teeth more quickly. You might not want to buy the very cheapest brand you can find.
Comment: 9 speed is fast becoming the standard, so I think you'll find the 9 (and even 10) speed chains are becoming more and more common and easy to find.
Comment: I asked my local LBS and he said that all 9-speed chains are compatible with 9-speed system, so less room for speculation from AFAIK. He was though hesitant about length because some of his chains were 110, 114 and 118. Any idea about the length? But the answer to the question in the title is `yes`, not taking length into account.
Comment: Never bought chains on length - you just cut them off to the length of the old chain (or http://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/2376/setting-chain-length) you might need an extra length for a special setup buti don't know what. Try counting the links on your current chain


Multiversenp not working

Question: I have installed MultiverseNetherPortals recently. I have linked my main world to my nether world. I also have a separate world for Building. But whenever I leave the nether it sends me to my flatland world that no one should be in. Can I link the nether to my main world?
Answer: Multiverse-NetherPortals is specifically for having an individual nether for each overworld. Unless you need multiple nether worlds, MVNP is of no use to you. Without the plugin, the nether should be linked to your main world anyway! If your end goal is to have a main world, nether, end, and a flatland for creative building, then you only need MV-Core, MV-Inventories, and MV-Portals.

Multiversenp not working


MTG: Can you have a commander that has all five colors but the deck has one or more colors missing?

Question: As a joke, me and my buddy's wanted to make decks without our favorite colors, but I wanted us to use five color commanders and just not insert our favorite colors, they agreed but I was curious if this actually could work or would the deck have to have all the colors the commander has regardless.
Answer: You do not need to use every color your commander allows (apart from the fact that your commander itself automatically uses every color it allows). Rule 903.5 details the additional rules regarding deck construction that are relevant in Commander:

903.5. Each Commander deck is subject to the following deck construction rules.

903.5a Each deck must contain exactly 100 cards, including its commander. In other words, the
minimum deck size and the maximum deck size are both 100.
903.5b Other than basic lands, each card in a Commander deck must have a different English name.
903.5c A card can be included in a Commander deck only if every color in its color identity is also
found in the color identity of the deck's commander.
Example: Wort, the Raidmother is a legendary creature with mana cost {4}{R/G}{R/G}.
Wort's color identity is red and green. Each card in a Wort Commander deck must be
only red, only green, both red and green, or have no color. Each mana symbol in the
mana cost or rules text of a card in this deck must be only red, only green, both red and
green, or have no color.
903.5d A card with a basic land type may be included in a Commander deck only if each color of
mana it could produce is included in the commander's color identity.
Example: Wort, the Raidmother's color identity is red and green. A Wort Commander
deck may include land cards with the basic land types Mountain and/or Forest. It can't
include any land cards with the basic land types Plains, Island, or Swamp.

There is nothing here that says every color of the color identity of the commander must be used by the rest of the deck.
Comment: "apart from the fact that your commander itself automatically uses every color it allows" The commander does not necessarily use all of the colors of its color identity. For instance, Emiel the Blessed doesn't need to cost G.
Comment: @Accumulation But it has green in its color identity. So for the purposes of Commander deck construction, it uses green.
Answer: Yes, your deck can have fewer colors than your commander allows.
The commander's color identity does not mandate your deck must have any of its colors. It only says your deck can't have any colors outside its color identity. If you wish, you can make an otherwise colorless, all-artifact deck with your 5 color commander.
Answer: You can build a commander deck with as few colors as you want
Technically speaking, the commander is part of a commander deck (the 100 cards in "100 card singleton" includes the commander), so by definition any commander deck will be the same number of colors as the commander.
But there is absolutely no requirement that any other cards need to be that color, or that you include lands that can produce all the colors of your commander.


What is this weed and how can I eliminate it?

Question:
I live in Nova Scotia, and I have been fighting with this weed for at least 7 years.  It is in my flower garden.  I have gone so far as to try to follow each of the white roots though the soil and remove them and still it comes back. It seems the more you break the roots, the more plants it grows.  I have tried Round-Up and other such killers and none have worked but its roots are through my Hostas and this makes it hard to get it all.  This year I was down with an operation and it got ahead of me and I need help.  I would love to get rid of it once and for all.  Thanks for any help you can offer.
Answer: If the methods described above aren't any you want to do, there is something else to try, but again, it's not a quick, easy solution - it requires determination and persistence. This plant here in the UK has the common name of ground elder, and it is indeed a pernicious weed, but it is possible to get rid of it for good, other than the odd seedling that may attempt to regrow occasionally.
The method which I found successful was to spray or water on glyphosate when the plant was growing strongly, usually in late spring/early summer, wait about 10-14 days, respray, wait a week, and then dig. It may look as if the ground elder topgrowth is dead, but what the glyphosate seems to do is kill off the fine, hairlike roots which are difficult to see and dig out, leaving behind the more visible root system, which can then be carefully and rigorously extracted.
Your problem is that the roots are in your hostas - that means you need to get the roots of the elder out, so treat the growth you can see amongst the hostas with a thick version of glyphosate (Round up makes a gel version). Then you need to dig up your hostas, preferably late summer, divide if they need it, which hopefully they do, and attempt to remove all and any ground elder root hidden in the rootball. Nova Scotia has various USDA zones - if yours is zone 8, I'd risk potting the hostas till you can see if there's any regrowth of the elder among them, but if your zone is 6, then it might not be possible to keep the hostas in pots over winter because of freeze risk. Otherwise, you can do it in spring, which is the other time that hostas can be divided, but the ground elder may not be in full growth at that time.
You can try this method in the ground now only if the ground elder is still growing strongly, when glyphosate works best on plants  - otherwise you will need to wait till next year, but I'd certainly make a start by dealing with the hostas this year.
Comment: @jmusser - I found it was the only thing that really worked, this method. Managed to eradicate the stuff in two adjacent gardens (I was doing both), even under the fencing, this way.
Comment: @J.Chomel. Glyphosate has not been banned in the EU, nor is it about to be http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/mar/08/eu-vote-on-controversial-weedkiller-licence-postponed-glyphosate. It is also not possible to 'get rid of' this particular weed with mulch, that's 100% for sure. More research is needed - we all know there's a massive problem with Roundup because of other surfactants it contains making the combination with glyphosate much more lethal. Biggest use of Roundup  is in agriculture - all those GM crops created to be glyphosate resistant making it a useful weedkiller.
Comment: I like effective spray/dig idea. In my answer, I tried to use only no-dig methods, for the OP seemed to have been down with an operation.
Comment: @Bamboo, should we really advise gardeners to use these chemicals on their garden? Did you know EU [baned glyphosate](http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_round_up/2987554/european_parliament_votes_to_ban_most_uses_of_glyphosate.html)? This is probably for good reason. I believe it is possible to get rid of most of these by covering with mulch or wood chunks.
Comment: @J.Chomel. I never, ever use Roundup, haven't done for the last 8 years, but I occasionally resort to glyphosate concentrate, maybe once a year, if that. That kind of use is just about acceptable - what isn't acceptable is knowing your GM food crops have been saturated with the stuff whilst growing, which is, as yet, not a problem we have in the UK, GM being strictly controlled. However, it's now impossible to find soya that isn't GM anywhere in the world... the EU TTIP agreement with USA may change that though, but not if I and half of Europe have anything to do with it
Comment: Monsanto must be absolutely terrified about the possibility of their own product being banned, and will argue that their GM crops have been created specifically with the regular use of Round up in mind.
Comment: @Bamboo, thank you for this explanation. I tried to formulate my comment into a [question](http://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/24770/should-we-use-glyphosate-or-other-non-ecological-chemicals-in-our-gardens), even though it doesn't leave much space to pro-agro-chemicals - I don't know if one way question are acceptable, feel free to disable it ^^.
Comment: @J.Chomel - found the question you posted, and although an answer has been accepted, I've posted under it anyway. A bit of common sense appears to be called for, not to mention knowledge from someone living in the EU already...
Answer: This plant is commonly known as goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria). Here in the Netherlands it is also called "tuinmansverdriet" (Gardener's Sorrow), and for good reason. I too have this stuff in my garden — a present from the previous home owner — and it's very hard to eliminate.
In my father's garden we got rid of it fairly effectively by excavating the top 30 cm of the soil with a pitchfork (instead of using a spade, in order to prevent cutting up the roots too much) and sifting it all; but even then the weed came back here and there, because even small parts of the root continued to grow.
Currently I'm trying to root it out area by area in my own garden, keeping close track of the locations where I've dealt with it previously, trying to dig out any new growth that surfaces, and (as a minimum) picking off the leaves as soon as I can where uprooting it is impossible due to the presence of other plants nearby.
Once the soil is loose, it is also easier to remove new plants that grow from leftover root fragments.
It seems as if the plant can be at least be contained in this manner, but I doubt if I will be able to completely get rid of it like this, especially around shrubs. You can eliminate it by constantly picking off all its leaves (almost every plant will die eventually if you do this), but it's a really tough plant and this method will take a long time.
So if you are unable or unwilling to get down on your knees once or twice a week, you might need to use a herbicide, as has been suggested in the other answers. If you do this, glyphosate (Roundup) should work, but it is likely that it will grow back at least once after being treated with Roundup.
Covering the soil, as @jmusser suggested, might also work, but my understanding is that you need to leave it covered for at least two years for the plant to die off completely. This was something I was unwilling to do, so I haven't tried this control method.
As long as you are stuck with this weed, try to make the best of it. The plant isn't too unattractive in appearance, and has pretty white flowers. It is also edible, and is actually quite tasty. It can substitute for spinach when cooked and parsley when raw, and it contains lots of minerals and vitamins — though I think it would be wise not to eat it if you have used herbicide on it.
Another tip: if you dig out this plant, don't try to compost it. That would be a very good way to end up with a garden full of it.
Update
As I said, I had the same problem as the questioner, and although digging out small patches seems to work, I couldn't get rid of all of it with all the bushes (plus a hosta) still remaining in my garden. Since I certainly don't want to use Roundup, I did what my dad had done before: digging up the whole border, I removed the plants and bushes I had there and threw them all out.
Fortunately, the infested area measured only about 10 m2. I decided to sift all the soil, though I could just have discarded it and replaced it with new soil instead. It would not have been that expensive to replace, but removing soil is a tough job in itself, and I felt this would also be wasteful. So I sifted it using a piece of netting (or you can buy a soil sieve), removing at least the largest of the roots and other parts of the weed. I actually felt pretty zen after two days of sifting. :D
I put back the by-now-finely-sifted soil, and added compost in order to maintain the loose consistency of the soil. I knew I had not removed all the roots. Small ones passed through the sieve, and sifting the soil again through a finer mesh would have taken too much time and still wouldn't have solved the problem completely. So I knew the remaining fragments would grow back; but having an empty garden full of loosened soil will allow me to easily dig out any new shoots that emerge.

It's easy to recognise the plant. If it emerges from a seed, its first leaves are round seed leaves, but a piece of existing root that grows into a new plant exhibits the typical jagged-edged leaves right from the start.
So now I am able to spot these plants easily, and to dig them out as soon as I do. And that's how, less than two weeks after sifting the soil, I was able to dig up the plant in the picture. Only its first two centimeters consist of pre-existing root. The white stalk is all new (underground) growth, with only the green leaf showing above the surface of the soil. This is proof of the tremendous growing power of this weed, but if I just keep digging out any new sprouts for a couple of months it should be gone completely. Only then will I put in new plants. If I put them in now, the goutweed will certainly come back in places where I can't properly get at it to root it out.
It sounds like a lot of work, but it's not that bad, and not that arduous. You can do the sifting sitting on a chair or stool, and you can take as much time as you like, only doing small bits at a time. For me, the hard part was digging out the existing plants, but you may be able to get some help with that task.
Comment: I must admit, it was certainly worth the effort. Inbetween the stones of the paved area it's still growing. Small sprouts, but because of the stones I can only pull the leaves, and it keeps growing back, however slowly. If I would have done this in the ground too, I still wouldn't be able to control it, but the digging method proved successful. Just some small sprouts at first, less and less over time, and by now it's all but gone. One big effort, then one season of closely guarding against new growth, and that's it. No poison, no weekly (or more) removal of lots of new growth.. I'm happy.
Comment: I up-vote you for the courage it needs to remove and move all that soil around!!
Comment: I know this is old but this is one of my biggest problems.  In areas where you don't have other plants you care about, a [weed torch](https://flameengineering.com/collections/weed-dragon-torch-kits) is effective.  I was able to kill back a large swath of this and I think I even mostly spared the ivy it was mixed in with.  Might work for your walkway.  I expect it to be back in the spring but hopefully reduced.  I will continue doing this and hopefully get it under control.
Answer: That is Bishop's weed or Goutweed, Aegopodium podagraria, an aggressively growing invasive perennial plant which spreads quickly by underground rhizomes. It is difficult to control, as it is able to quickly regrow from broken pieces of rhizomes left in the soil, as well as root fragments. I have found that glufosinate based herbicides bring better long-term results than glyphosate (Roundup). Neither of these is extremely potent on this weed.
I use herbicides to weaken the plant, and when they begin to shrivel I cut them off at ground level. After that, I take some time to go out with a pair of scissors on my way to work, and snip off any new growth before it gets a chance to feed the roots. The plants will eventually die.
If you have a wide space with nothing else planted, you can cover the area with 4-6mil black plastic sheeting. Leave this on the area for at least two months of hot weather. After that, turn over a small portion, and dig around a little. If there are any roots which are still alive, replace the cover. They will eventually die. If you feel confident that the roots are dead, you can remove the cover, and resume your gardening.
Also, I'd recommend that you dig up infested hostas after they die back in the fall, and completely clean out their crowns, until you are sure you have left no goutweed roots. This will be easier when the soil is not very wet.
If you do not care about anything but destroying the weeds, you can mow over your entire bed(s), and spray with glufosinate. Every time you mow your lawn, go over the bed, and every other week spray with glufosinate until there is nothing green in the bed. After that, only spray when the bed looks like it's greening up. Eventually, the weeds will die.
All methods of control will take time, probably more than a year. Also, you will want to watch for seedlings during the entire process. They are easy enough to control when they are that small.
Comment: How is glufosinate different from glyphosate?
Comment: @stormy Glyphosate's mode of action is to inhibit an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. It is absorbed through foliage and translocated to growing points. Because of this mode of action, it is only effective on actively growing plants. (From Wikipedia). Glufosinate interferes with the biosynthetic pathway of the amino acid glutamine and with ammonia detoxification. (from Wikipedia). So glufosinate works even if the plant isn't actively growing.
Comment: Should we really advise gardeners to use dangerous chemicals like these every now and then? How will we grow edible plants in our gardens after that? Did you know [EU banned Glyphosate](http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_round_up/2987554/european_parliament_votes_to_ban_most_uses_of_glyphosate.html) ... I believe gluphosinate  might also be dangerous in the long term.
Answer: If you can't beat them, eat them! That's my motto! I've also had no luck eradicating that exact same weed, we call it Kirskål in Sweden (Aegopodium podagraria or Bishop's Weed in English). Each individual root, even the tiniest bit, will continue to grow. But they're edible - the leaves are best eaten when they're small and their leaves just beginning to unfurl. They're supposed to be nutritious, although not the best tasting. I've found that sauteing them in Asian recipes (bold flavors) tastes best!
Eta: The leaves shouldn't be eaten after the plant flowers.
Comment: Yeah, they are edible as long as no one has the idea to spread glyphosate around.
Answer: This looks like the weed we call Creeping Charlie in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. I don't know where the name came from. I just pull it out by the roots every so often but as you know it comes back. I have covered it with cedar mulch. It didn't make a difference.
Answer: You could try laying down sheets of cardboard , then thick layer of wood chips for mulch.  After a year, likely all that's under cardboard should be dead  works well on grass you don't want.  Best type cardboard I've found is the large sheets , about 3 ft square, found at stores like Costco -- used to separate boxes of canned goods, or packaged items like toilet paper.  It's flexible, easy to tear or cut to size, not too heavy (like boxes, often too thick for precise mulching use. Wood chips are from when the tree service puts benches through the professional grade chipper.
But do wait at least a year or more with the gout weed fully covered , and not mixed in with the plants you want.  These roots can live a long time underground, or under this kind of cover.
Good luck. And if you have time, being out with your well fitting knee pads on, picking those pesky roots out by hand, isn't the worst way to spend some down time.
C.n.


Would a Weeping Angel float through space if it was in outer space due to no gravity?

Question: Would a Weeping Angel float through space if it was in outer space due to no gravity or would the quantum locking stop it from being able to float? For example, some astronauts are studying the anti cyclones of Jupiter and a Weeping Angel appears outside their rocket, would it float or would it stay still and not float?
Comment: This might be more usefully rephrased as "can an external force move a quantum locked Weeping Angel?".
Comment: My impression from the show was that weeping angles were often mistaken as statues. If thats true, they were often moved I think. So it should be no problem.
Comment: Surely the answer is yes, since as Theik said, the alternative means that Weeping Angels are not affected by outside force. By extension, I would think a viewed angel would not stay stationary on Earth, because they would not be affected by gravity, instead quantum locked to one location in space. The implications of such a thing are too bizarre.
Answer: If you watch the Series 5 episode Flesh and Stone, there's a part near the end where the Angels are shown falling as the artificial gravity in the ship fails due to them draining its power. This shows that an external force can be exerted on an Angel to cause it to move, it is only an Angel moving of its own volition which is quantum-locked.
Just a brief scientific point, there is nowhere in the universe where gravity doesn't have an effect, as gravitational fields extend to infinity. What is perceived as "zero gravity" is actually falling towards a source of gravity with no other forces acting on you, so "floating" in space is essentially exactly the same as the Angels falling example from this episode.
Answer: You're misunderstanding the Quantum Lock feature of Weeping Angels. Quantum Lock doesn't make a Weeping Angel motionless because there's no such thing as motionless. Remember, motion is relative which depends on reference frames. So, for you, a quantum locked weeping angel would be at rest only if you are at rest with respect to it. If you are in a reference frame which is uniformly moving, the quantum locked weeping angel would also move. If you are in an accelerated reference frame, the quantum locked weeping angel would also accelerate which means external forces can accelerate quantum locked weeping angels (inertial force in this particular case).
What quantum lock really does is that it makes them statue such that it can't move its own body at will. That's it.
In your idealistic zero-gravity case, weeping angel would definitely appear moving outside the moving rocket. If weeping angel starts moving with the rocket such that it appears still for the observers inside the rocket, consider the two rocket situation; one is moving and another is still.


Custom Payment Gateway Integration

Question: Can someone explain on how to integrate a custom payment gateway. I have no clue on what has to be done. The payment gateway is set in tomcat server running in another port. what should i do ?
Answer: Seems like have to create a payment method. In onepage checkout your payment method will appear under  the Payment Method section. Once the user selects it and click on the Place Order button the user should redirect to your payment gateway. After entering relevant details in the payment gateway the user should redirect back to success or unsuccess pages accordingly.
To achieve this best thing is to find an extension which can be customized according to your requirement. Unless you'll have to build it from scratch. For that hope this will help. http://www.excellencemagentoblog.com/magento-create-custom-payment-method
Answer: If you are want to communicate with new payment gateway ,first you need to create a payment method module (you can use above answer link) and decide whether it captures the amount or authorize based on that implement your payment method model flags.Once this is done you need communicate your payment gateway with HTTPCLIENT request and handle the response.
Here you can check the how magento handles authorize.net payment gateway
/var/www/html/Magento/app/code/core/Mage/Paygate/Model
Mage_Paygate_Model_Authorizenet

Hope this will help you get start

Custom Payment Gateway Integration


Slaters condition and boundary solution

Question: Slater's condition is a sufficient condition for a convex optimization problem to satisfy strong duality. It says that feasible region should have an interior. My question is suppose I have a convex optimization problem which satisfies slater's condition, then can a boundary point be the optima of such a problem, or does slater's also want the optima to be in the interior?
Answer: No.  It's possible for Slater's condition to be satisfied and the only optimal solution is on the boundary of the feasible region.  It's also possible to have Slater's condition be satisfied with the only optimal solution on the interior of the feasible region.  Examples are pretty easy to construct.
Answer: Slater Constraint qualification has nothing to do with objective function! It is indeed a condition on the constraint set. So for any constraint set you always can construct an objective function whose minimum point lies on boundary or not.

Slaters condition and boundary solution


Setting up a Stateless connection with NodeJS and Socket.IO

Question: After prototyping my project using PHP and Unity3D i've decided on building the production version using Cordova and NodeJS.
I'm currently using Socket.io with NodeJS and having some confusion with connections. The way that I had expected this to work out was the following procedure:

The client would connect to the server with a request
The server would respond to the request
The connection would be closed

However, it seems that the connection likes to stay open, and if the connection is closed, it continuously attempts to reconnect which is not what I am looking for. I'm attempting to establish a single state of data transfer, similar to what happens when you make a web-request to a PHP file.
The source code of the project is pretty much boilerplate code:
var application = require('express')();
var http = require('http').Server(application);
var server = require('socket.io')(http);

http.listen(8080, function() {
    console.log('Listening on *:8080');
});

server.on('connection', function(socket) {
    console.log('SERVER: A new connection has been received.');
    server.on('disconnect', function() {
        console.log('SERVER: A connection has been closed.');
    });
});

I do not need a persistent connection, nor do I want one.
Thoughts: I could send a close handshake from the client. For example:

Send some data to the server
Recieve some data from the server
Send a close request to the server / just close the socket
Continue application logic once the socket is closed

Would this be the proper way to handle this? However then the question arises, what if the data gets lost, then there's a permanently open socket. Would implementing a basic timeout be ideal in this situation? (IE: If a response isn't received within 10 seconds, there was an error or the server was not available).
Answer: Then Socket.io is the wrong tool for your scenario. socket.io needs to keep the socket open to get events from the server back to the client (and vice-versa). As a matter of fact, even of the server does not support WebSockets, socket.io will resort back to other mechanisms, such as polling.
Answer: Not sure why you're using socket.io for this. Socket IO is used for different purpose and doesn't fir your criteria here. I have seen mainly its uses in real time application and binary streaming.You can try TCP socket in node.js
var net = require('net');

var HOST = '127.0.0.1';
var PORT = 6969;

// Create a server instance, and chain the listen function to it
// The function passed to net.createServer() becomes the event handler for the 'connection' event
// The sock object the callback function receives UNIQUE for each connection
net.createServer(function(sock) {

    // We have a connection - a socket object is assigned to the connection automatically
    console.log('CONNECTED: ' + sock.remoteAddress +':'+ sock.remotePort);

    // Add a 'data' event handler to this instance of socket
    sock.on('data', function(data) {

        console.log('DATA ' + sock.remoteAddress + ': ' + data);
        // Write the data back to the socket, the client will receive it as data from the server
        sock.write('You said "' + data + '"');

    });

    // Add a 'close' event handler to this instance of socket
    sock.on('close', function(data) {
        console.log('CLOSED: ' + sock.remoteAddress +' '+ sock.remotePort);
    });

}).listen(PORT, HOST);

console.log('Server listening on ' + HOST +':'+ PORT);

Check out here


Who has the unspent money?

Question: I want to know why we don't talk about the money that people have saved because they are not going to restaurants, barbershops, flying, traveling, etc.  I have heard the restaurant business is in the billions for revenue.  Wouldn't that mean that the ones that don't go the restaurant during the pandemic have that money?  So does that mean the banks have the money?  Just wondering.  Thank you.
Answer: While people are spending less, they are also earning less, especially the many millions who have lost their jobs. It is very possible that the earnings lost are much greater then the money saved on reduced spending, and so net savings will decrease. It will take time before we really know either way.
Here is a study which looks at the increase in savings at the start of the so-called Great Recession (2007-2008):

As the crisis began, households cut spending and the saving rate shot
  up to about six percent within a year. During recessions or other
  periods of economic weakness, when any engine of growth is needed, an
  increase in the household saving rate could slow the pace of recovery
  because, by definition, when a household saves more it consumes less.

Increased savings could potentially be good for growth in the long run if it allows for greater investment in the near future, and of course saving is good from the perspective of individual households that are able to save. But for the overall good of the economy as a whole, we need spending right now much more than we need savings.
Answer: I like the last post it was good.  Here are my thoughts and what I found on the subject.
As individuals save more businesses will sell less which leads to decrease in aggregate demand thus leads to decrease in gross output. ( we are already saving a lot as seen here in a Fed graph)

This is also called the paradox of savings or paradox of thrift.   Which suggests that total savings will fall because people's attempts to increase their savings will be harmful to an economy because others will earn less.    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_thrift
Because aggregate income = total expenditures and since total saving(or I should say investment) = income – expenditures, saving/investment must equal zero.
Remember the fundamental macroeconomic accounting identity is that saving equals investment.   Investment refers to physical investment, not financial investment.

So to answer your question most people who had saved previously has the money and the banks they banked with.    I don't think it matters if someone goes to the restaurant or not would indicate if they have the money. Obviously if people are not spending their money at restaurants they would have more of it.   It would depend if they had saved previously.
Here is a good article on the subject back in 2016  https://evonomics.com/note-to-economists-saving-doesnt-create-savings/

Who has the unspent money?


Resume parser in Ruby/(Rails Plugin/Gem)

Question: Is there any ruby gem/ rails plugin available for parsing the resume and importing that information into an object/form ?
Comment: What do you mean with Resume? Are you talking about Curriculum Vitae?
Comment: @weppos - yes resume/CV. If I allow the user to upload their CV (in word document), I need to deduce the information and store it in the database. Information like name, address, email, phone, summary, skills, jobs, education, ...
Comment: @Dharam  I know I am writing very late, but now after 4 yrs of your hunt, you will find lot of companies working in this domain. And they do integrate with ROR  see  [Rchilli Resume parser](http://www.rchilli.com) ,  Hireability (http://hireabiliti.com) ,  Daxtra (http://www.daxtraa.com).  Try any of these I am sure you can integrate with ROR in this.
Answer: I may be wrong, but I don't think you'll find anything completely automated to do this, because a résumé (or CV) can be structured in so many different ways and can contain very different types of data. Any completely automated solution is likely to have accuracy problems, since it is technically a difficult problem to solve.
You may find this answer useful.
Here are some other suggestions that might help :-

Require a user to enter their details into a form on your website instead of uploading a Word document. You'll then be able to explicitly ask for the data you want and you'll be able to store the data in a structure that suits you. However, this may be too much of a barrier to entry for your users.
Allow a user to submit the URL of their résumé published using the hResume microformat. Sites like LinkedIn already publish résumés in this format. There is a Ruby gem mofo which can parse microformats including hResumes. However, not all users will have an on-line résumé like this.
Comment: @floehopper - thanks for the feedback. Good to know about hResume microformat and mofo. I will try mofo.


Is this table really in first normal form (1NF)?

Question: Does this table comply with 1NF, even if CourseNo and StudentNo?
<code>Student(StudentNo, StudentName, Major, CourseNo, CourseName,
InstructorNo, InstructorName, InstructorLocation, Grade)
</code>
Comment: https://opentextbc.ca/dbdesign01/chapter/chapter-12-normalization/
Comment: Yes, but that doesn't explain anything. It's just information about that dude.
Answer: If all the attributes/columns of that relation/table always contain atomic values (i.e., they accept exactly one value —neither no value, nor two or more, nor NULL marks— of the corresponding simple domain1, 2 per tuple/row), then yes, that relation/table meets first normal form (1NF); otherwise, no, it is not in 1NF, it is unnormalized.
Naturally, I do not know the informational characteristics of the business environment of relevance (e.g., what meaning is ascribed to each attribute/column by the end users and business experts, how each attribute/column is associated with the others, etc.), so who knows.
The question so far lacks any sample values (paramount factor to determine the respective domains), lacks any description about the business scenario at hand, lacks details about how the data points of significance are associated with each other, etc. (yes, the attributes/columns are represented by certain words, but the same word may carry different meanings in different contexts, thus an unrelated reader cannot know with exactitude what their connotations are in the scenario under consideration); therefore, as the post stands, it is impossible to evaluate properly the relation/table included in it.
The fact that the question does not contain that kind of necessary information is understandable if you are starting to learn about normalization according to the relational paradigm, but be aware that making guesses when laying out a database is counterproductive. In this regard, it is worth to point out that working closely with the business experts is indispensable in any professional database design project (including normalization at the logical layer, of course).
In case you are involved in a training/school course, I would highly recommend that you request an appropriate contextualization of the exercises from your teacher. If, on the contrary, you are learning on your own, you should look for sound materials in the relational field to optimize your efforts (this advice is more fitting now that you have clarified via comments that you are learning by yourself).
In agreement with the deliberations above, it is opportune to remark that relational database design is a craft that demands high precision.

1 Basically speaking, a domain is a set of values of the same type. N constraints can be attached to a domain. N relations/tables of a database can have n attributes/columns which draw their values from the same domain. An attribute/column can have, in turn, specific constraints only applicable to itself.
2 A domain is simple if (a) it is not comprised of relations/tables and (b) its values cannot be decomposed by the database management system. Avoiding non-simple domains when delineating a database is useful so as to take full advantage of the declarative power of a data sublanguage, which in practice facilitates the implementation of constraints and manipulation operations.
Comment: I am learning on my own, I am only 14 years old.
Comment: That clarifies several points, then. I remark my suggestion about seeking for sound material, this is the best time to do so as you are starting to learn about these topics.
Answer: The table comply with 1NF. The page you link to (https://opentextbc.ca/dbdesign01/chapter/chapter-12-normalization/) is incorrect. The page states that the example has a "repeating group" because there can be multiple courses per student and therefore is not in 1NF. But this is a misunderstanding of 1NF.
1NF is about eliminating domains which have relations as elements. This means no columns should have tables as values. A "repeating group" in the context of 1NF is another word for table-valued attribute.
It does not seem like any of the columns in the example have tables as values, so the example is in 1NF.
The example violates 2NF though. Assuming SudentNo and CourseNo combined is key, then the other attributes only depend on parts of the keys. So you have to split it into three tables to comply with 2NF.
Basically the page confuses 1NF with 2NF.


Shipping Address validation

Question: I need to validate text fields in magento shipping address popup in checkout page.I can edit validation for other forms locally.I tried many thing still not able to find the solutions.please send the location of file in magento folder and where to change the validation??
Comment: Which field you want to validate?
Comment: firstname,leastname -should only have letters
Comment: zipcode,phone number
Answer: You need to create a plugin that will plug on Magento\Checkout\Block\Checkout\LayoutProcessor::process() method :
public function afterProcess(LayoutProcessor $subject, array $jsLayout): array
{
    // change $jsLayout here

    return $jsLayout;
{

The data you want to change lays under components/checkout/children/steps/children/shipping-step/children/shippingAddress/children/shipping-address-fieldset path in the $jsLayout array. Each child of this fieldset is a shipping address form field. Add some validation rules there. You can follow this article for more details.
Note that you can use Magento\Framework\Stdlib\ArrayManager for easier read/write in a deeply nested array.
Also note that you can create your own validation rules, and add them in the checkout validation rules pool like described in this stackoverflow answer : Add rule to rules.js Magento2 (they also describe how to update the jsLayout data, but I think the example is a little over-complicated, that's why I gave the first link).

Shipping Address validation


Deep Cover and Show of Power - Can a demon spoof an angel?

Question: I don't find anything that specifically forbids this.  However, you would think the Angel would be able to detect the demon if he fails a compromise roll.
Answer: Reading the description for Deep Cover Embed from Flowers of Hell:

Like demons and angels, many supernatural beings hide
  behind a mask of mortality. They're just not as good at it.
  This Embed operates under the principle that such creatures
  have two identities — one with a detectable occult connection
  and one without — and temporarily applies that duality to the
  demon's Cover.

So its principle works for beings that have the false appearance of being human. That includes ephemeral beings that have the Mortal Mask Numen, which some spirits and angels do. (Though in the context of Demon, this is also called the angel's Cover.)

Whenever the demon would have the option
  of using Spoof (p. 112 of Demon), she may instead use this
  Embed. Rather than appearing as an ordinary human when
  targeted by an effect meant to reveal her nature, the demon
  appears to be a supernatural being.

Spoofing being the reflexive ability to appear as an ordinary human being to supernatural detection attempts.

A
  demon cannot spoof in demonic form, for obvious reasons.

So yes, Deep Cover is definitely generic enough to allow appearing to be another angel concealing itself as a human using the Mortal Mask Numen. It could also appear to a spirit as another spirit that's using the same Numen. (Short of an Exceptional Success, there are only two choices for what to appear as: "the same type of supernatural being" or a new type they have never seen before, so appearing as an angel/spirit usually only works on an angel/spirit)
That said, consider what the investigating angel will think when it attempts to discern the target's nature and it gets a result saying that it's another angel. In most cases this would actually raise more questions in its mind than it answers, compared to if the demon had simply spoofed as a mere boring, irrelevant human. It seems more likely to dig yourself into a deeper hole, if the angel has any reaction that isn't ignoring this 'other' angel as irrelevant to its own mission.
And even if it's the suspicious type, while it could follow up with attempt to upload a request to check the God-Machine's Rolodex for if the target is in the employee directory, even that wouldn't be evidence that its senses had been fooled, because some angels become disconnected from the God-Machine without Falling into demonhood: exiles.

Some exiles can still both hear and respond to the
  voice of the God-Machine. Others find they can hear
  their creator but cannot speak to it, or at the very least
  it does not choose to respond in turn. Most lose all
  contact with the God-Machine when they become exiles
  and so often describe themselves as the Abandoned.
  They did not Fall and cannot choose to do so. Angels
  usually avoid exiles or ignore them. The God-Machine
  almost never sends hunter angels to reclaim exiles, so
  some have spent decades or even centuries on Earth.

All that said... while you theoretically can spoof an angel or spirit, in practical terms, this situation will never actually occur, because as written, no angel or spirit would have the (possibly far too useful) capability to identify specific types of supernatural beings. Angels and spirits use Numina, and none of the Numina in the Demon: the Descent book can identify what class of supernatural being a target is. The opportunity to spoof them, whether appearing as human or using Deep Cover, can't occur without an actual ability like that. An ST would have to invent one, and angels at least are a potent threat already without such an ability. As it is, they can delegate to loyal stigmatics with potentially demon-detecting abilities like Aura Reading.
Answer: There is no such rule saying you cannot spoof an angel. Angels are not omniscient. Not even the god machine is omniscient however if you are compromised in front of an angel then you will receive burnt status which will make spoofing the angel impossible until you find a new cover.
Comment: Thank you for the answer. It appears this power can be abused.  What's to stop the Demon from spoofing other supernatural powers? A ghost for example.  What about a spirit?
Comment: *"if you are compromised in front of an angel"* This is not true at all. There is no special effect from the presence of an angel beyond the dice penalty.


How to evaluate the expectation of a discrete random variable?

Question: While doing problem sets I'll usually have a problem where I'm given a density function of a random variable that can take as value either 1 or 0. This seems to be the typical definition of a discrete random variable where it can only take specific values.
I am also aware that if we have a density function than they are conditions that must be respected. For example the integral of f(x) must = 1.
However I've also overheard that when dealing with discrete random variables we don't use integrals but derivatives. I'm now very confused on what to do.
If I was told to give the expectation of a continuous random variable I would do this: $$E[x] = \int^{a}_{b} x f(x)dx$$ Where a and b are the bounds where the function is not 0 for example.
I also know that the expectation means that we do a weighted average.
I'd like to add that for a discrete random variable with a finite set of values I would have just computed the sum of each probability with the value of the random variable like this:
$$E[x] = \sum ^{i=5}_{n=1}x_{n}p_{n}$$
Can someone clear up my confusion?
Answer: Using Dirac masses:
$$
\delta_x(t) = \begin{cases} +\infty & \text{if $x=t$}\\ 0 & \text{otherwise}\end{cases}
$$
with
$$
\int_\alpha^\beta \delta_x(t){\rm d}\! t = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{if $x\in[\alpha,\beta]$}\\ 0 & \text{otherwise}\end{cases}
$$
which gives
$$
f_X(x) = f(x) + \sum_{i=1}^5 p_i\delta_{x_i}(x)
$$
in such a way that
$$
\int_a^b f(x){\rm d}\! x + \sum_{i=1}^5 p_i = 1
$$


Need of a subject after 'and' conjunction

Question: Sometimes i see "She went there and she started working." And often i see "She went there and started working."
should I use the subject again after 'and' or not? What is the rule?
Thanks in advance.
Comment: As DW256 says in his answer below, your examples are coordinate constructions consisting respectively of two main clauses and two verb phrases: [She went there] and she started working]. / She [went there] and [started working]. The second one is semantically equivalent to the first, but far more stylistically elegant.
Answer: Both are grammatically acceptable. The relation between the elements is called coordination.
In one case it would be a coordination of main clauses:

[She went there][and[she started working]].

In the other case it would be of verb phrases:

She [went there][and[started working]].

Leaving the repeated element in tends to emphasize it.
Comment: Thanks...can you tell which one is preferable and why?
Comment: Neither one is preferable. It depends on how verbose the speaker wants to be.


Why don't you use the particle の when stating the name of a place?

Question: I got confused when i was asked why you dont put の in place's name. it happen when I explain the function of の particle.
can someone tell me in bunpou teki's way, why name place don't use no?
like this example, it called みどり図書館 not みどりの図書館
thank you!
Comment: It's not too different from English using London Bridge instead of Bridge of London. Are you specifically asking about みどり図書館 or formation of place names in general? In case of the latter, it's better you provide some more examples you have in mind.
Comment: 「東京大学」と「東京の大学」はえらい違いですしねぇ‥
Comment: @sundowner I specifially asking about the formation of place names in general. like why its サクラ学校 not サクラの学校.  or why itsIMC会社 not IMC の会社。
Comment: サクラの学校 sounds like a school for cherry trees: "for" in the sense of maybe someone wants to study cherry trees or in a children's book it's the school all the cherry trees attend.  Or, it sounds like a school constructed out of cherry trees.  サクラ学校 sounds like a name just like London Bridge.  Compared to when used with の, this usage sounds like an appositional usage.
Answer: Simply put, proper nouns (such as place names or organization names) do not follow ordinary prose grammar. Although there are many exceptions, when it comes to such proper nouns, Japanese tends to avoid using の, and English also prefers to join several nouns directly without using prepositions.

世界保健機関
World Health Organization
(Not: 世界の保健の機関 or "Organization for Health of the World")
日本電信電話株式会社
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation

In a practical sense, if we didn't have these conventions for making proper nouns sound like proper nouns, we would often get confused. For example, 世界保健機関 refers to that specific agency of the United Nations, whereas 世界の保健の機関 would sound like a generic reference to any organizations related to public health around the world.


Approaches to partner trick taking card game AI

Question: I am creating an android game out of a partner based trick taking card game. What are some generic approaches to AI players for these types of games and what are the advantages/disadvantages of each?
Comment: possible duplicate http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/17904/how-should-i-approach-ai-for-spades-game
Comment: Is the partner also an AI instance, or a human? It's important because the strategy you use in such a game depends on your assumptions about your partner's behaviour. e.g. in bridge, certain play sequences convey information to your partner - good play requires you to handle this communication
Comment: For the initial version your partner will also be an AI instance if the game does well enough or our client just wants to we will update with multiplayer options.
Answer: Implementing an AI for a trick taking game would pretty much just involve implementing the same strategy a human player would use. In this you're in luck, as trick taking game strategy has been widely covered, and I'm sure you'd be able to find a wealth of information on strategies for games like Bridge and 500.
You're helped even more by an AI's ability for perfect memory of cards played, and ability to accurately calculate card probabilities. The hard part would be coding in the subjective cues that partners use to convey their actions, such as leading a low card with the expectation of your partner trumping it.
Your best bet in my opinion would be to find a strategy which is heavy on maths and probability measuring, and use that as the basis for your AI.


How do you breed a Quicksilver Dragon?

Question: I've seen reports that there is a new metal hybrid dragon called a Quicksilver Dragon. What is the best dragon breeding combination to get this dragon, and how will I know I was successful?
Answer: To breed a Quicksilver Dragon all you need is to try and breed a Metal Dragon with a Water Dragon. Note that you might also get a Rust Dragon. It's breeding/egg time is 18 hours. If your breeding time is 6 hours, you got a Rust Dragon instead.
Note Water/Metal hybrids also work when breeding, but hybrids have a munch lower chance of getting you a Quicksilver since they can result in other combinations.
Comment: I like to prefer Quicksilver dragons as **"bad luck dragons"** when trying to breed a Diamond Dragon, since the combo is mine and ice and they have metal and water. I hate them :/

How do you breed a Quicksilver Dragon?


Plaster in contact with hot wires

Question: The house we are working on has an outlet missing the plug in part so it is hot! My mother decided to put plaster right onto the hot wire! At first I didn't really pay attention or think about what she did! However, I'm now feeling like my house is going to go up in flames before we even get to move in due to her actions! What do I do? Is it OK that she did that can I stop worrying or should I call fire department and have them undo her mistake before my house burns?
Answer: First off the fire department won't help you until there is a fire. They don't do electrical work.
The circuit breaker that feeds that wire should be shut off until the receptacle is replaced or the problem is corrected. If the receptacle is to be eliminated the wires should be capped off and a blank plate should be put on the box.
If you, or your partner, are not comfortable doing electrical work, you should call an experienced electrician to correct this and any other electrical problems in the house.
Good luck on your project!
Comment: Surprised mom didn't have a shocking experience.
Answer: Mom, you're fired! Actually, the only good thing is that the plaster locked the wires in their position so they wouldn't touch each other. However, you need to get them free, to be legal, & put Wire Nuts (little orange ones are perfect) on them & a Blank Cover Plate. Or, of course, install an outlet with a proper cover plate.
Since you don't know what Circuit Breaker the outlet box is on, you'll need to turn off the "Main" Circuit Breaker & kill power to everything. It's important that you're familiar with this thingy for future emergencies. For example, when Mr. Hannah takes a crack at putting the new outlet in with the power still on...he'll "signal" you when he's ready to have the power turned off.
Then, you can safely chip-out the plaster & wet sponge everything clean...clearly seeing the colors of the wires is very important. However, there's a White wire though, so stop cleaning that one when the Sun starts going down. Then, put your Wire Nuts on every wire end, screw-on the Blank Cover Plate (if you have it) & go turn the "Main" Circuit Breaker back on.

Plaster in contact with hot wires


Wordplay in name "Le coup du lapin"

Question: Cartoon about bunny flying hard made by Gobelins studio is named "Le coup du lapin". Google told me that "coup du lapin" can be translated like "whiplash injury" and I've already known that "lapin" is bunny. Did I get the wordplay right?
Answer: No, it's not a wordplay, it's an expression which takes its origin in the way rabbits were killed in farms1. It's in fact a modus operandi, it consists of a quick but steady strike to the neck, killing swiftly and (supposedly) not too painfully/messily.
The other meaning, found in conversations way more often, belongs to car safety vocabulary. It's an analogy to the previous sense, designating the danger of being injured, disabled, or even killed by a rear impact on seats without head restraints. As one can imagine, the blow pushes the body forward but inertia snaps the person's neck, inducing mild neck pain to fractured vertebrae and permanent disabilities.
By the way, it seems that the "plot" of the cartoon is not really about any of this, but given that there's a rabbit in it, the makers must have just opted for the first rabbit-related expression they could feel legit enough for a cartoon title. (Just my 2 cents here on this last idea, asking them would be better of course.)
(1 traditionally, not in the modern farms, obviously)
Comment: I know of a friend who had grandparents on a farm. One day, she saw a demonstration of this: her grand-ma standing in front of her and showing her a rabbit, then passing it behind her back. Just the time it takes to pass it from one side to the other, and the rabbit came back dead. Trauma for a kid, obviously, but maybe that helps illustrate.
Comment: @Chop Some people will probably recall the french 80' movie *Le grand chemin* when reading your comment. There's a scene specifically depicting the trauma you're talking about.
Answer: The translation is "rabbit punch".
As @RomainVALERI answered, it is a strong shock to the neck that breaks cervical vertebrae.
It gaves its name to a boxing cartoon featuring Bugs Bunny. The rabbit punch is illegal in boxing, MMA, and other combat sports that involve striking.

In french wikipedia article, it is explained that direct traumatism is "rabbit punch" while the indirect traumatism is "whiplash injury". This explains your mistake.

As much as I can see your cartoon is linked to this expression seeing how much this poor rabbit is hurt.
Comment: @PaulPicard The karate chop does not indicate where it hits right?
Comment: Indeed, because you can karate chop someone on other parts of the body (but the neck is usually the first place we think about when we picture the move in our mind, I think. Not that I have murderous intents all the time...). That's another context loss, I can't edit my comment, but well, now it's there. Thanks !
Comment: +1 for the reference to this use in fighting sports that I forgot to mention, thanks.
Comment: To add a little about the translation, it can also be translated as *karate chop*, but then we lose the context. (since we are talking about rabbits). The move is a *karate chop* though.
Answer: I don't know about the cartoon, but it can also be interpretted as cunning plan of the rabbit.
So it could be a playword if for instance, the rabbit is trying to suicide with a very clever plan (or you are trying to kill the rabbit).
As Romain Valeri said, the "coup du lapin" is well known when we talk about breaking neck on car accident.
On your cartoon, it looks like the rappid it trying to reach the carrot, but he is being disturbed by a well organised group of animals. It could be the "cunning plan about the rabbit"
I saw an other exemple here :

It looks like this is a book with many cartoons about a rabbit trying to suicide. It would so be a wordplay about the rabbit doing a clever plan and dying quickly.
We see more infos here. We see the original title is Return of the Bunny Suicides.
We also see many other way to suicide with very imaginative plans
Comment: The cartoon (45s long) is about a rabbit being dropped by several bigger animals until he swatted on screen.
Comment: @YohannV. I edited about that indeed, so the "cunning plan" may be against the rabbit (bigger animals trying to throw it away), or the plan of the rabbit, trying to reach the carrot.
Comment: I disagree but ok. Nice cartoon anyway. ^^
Comment: +1 for the good laugh. How do you say *Schadenfreude* in french, again  ? ^^
Comment: @YohannV. The question was quite rhetorical, though ;-) ...and *jubilation* is close, yes, but I feel it sometimes lacks a bit of the cruelty present in the original word. Anyway, sorry for the *hors-sujet*, my bad.

Wordplay in name "Le coup du lapin"


Can't display logfiles in Plesk 11

Question: If I try to open a log file in Plesk I get an empty popup.
Downloading the logfile is possible.
It's a brand new installed system with Ubuntu 12 and Plesk 11
Answer: Parallels has just released a new version of Plesk Mobile Manager that can be used for browsing access and Panel logs via iPad or iPhone. The app works if your Plesk has PowerPack.
Answer: Which log files are you trying to open? HTTP? Plesk? Nginx? Php?
One thing to consider is a service like Splunk. You can have all of your HTTP/Plesk/NGINX/Syslog files via the Splunk service. Then you can view everything in one nice and neat interface.

Can't display logfiles in Plesk 11


Can quantum state tomography break bb84?

Question: I am currently reading through this paper and read some of the wikipedia pages on weak measurement and quantum tomography and I am curious if weak measurement could be used to break BB84 quantum key distribution. In particular: couldn't an eavesdropper estimate the states going through the channel? Especially since there are only 4 possible states to estimate.
Answer: No, weak measurement and quantum tomography don't break BB84.
I recommend that you create an explicit quantum circuit that implements the weak measurement or the quantum tomography, and check for yourself that it actually fails. The basic problem comes down to the fact that there is a trade-off between how much information you get and how likely you are to get caught, and none of the trade-offs that are available are good enough.
Comment: i see. are there any papers/references outlining theoretical limitations on trade offs between disturbing the state and getting information about it? i wonder if quantum tomography will ever be good enough one day to break bb84 for small bit sequence lengths. you should read my comment on the other answer.
Answer: Tomography generally speaking uses a collection of measurements to reproduce an underlying state. So you experimentally reproduce the same situation over and over, collect statistics and find the most likely estimate for that state.
In QKD, information is sent once and doesn't repeat. So for each unit of information, you're never ever able to collect enough data to infer the underlying state.
I should add that Alice and Bob need to make sure that their system overall does not have losses above a certain level, because QKD only works in this circumstance. Too much loss between Alice and Bob means that it might have gone to Eve, and if Eve has too much of the state she can get information out of it.