Using Saxon/C with Perl

Question: The Saxon website says Saxon/C can be invoked from Perl, but I can't find any examples.  The only thing I've found that interfaces to Saxon is one old Perl module (XML::Saxon::XSLT2) which uses Inline::Java and apparently is very slow.  But I can find nothing that uses Saxon/C.  Has anyone had any success in doing this who can share some tips?
Comment: See also [XML::LibXSLT](https://metacpan.org/pod/XML::LibXSLT) and [XSLT2.0 processor for Perl?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4496515/xslt2-0-processor-for-perl). If the C bindings provided by the module isn't sufficient, you can also write your own using e.g. [`FFI::Platypus`](https://metacpan.org/pod/FFI::Platypus), [Swig](http://www.swig.org/), [XS](https://perldoc.perl.org/perlxs.html), or [`Inline::C`](https://metacpan.org/pod/Inline::C)
Comment: Thanks for the suggestions.  But I need Saxon (3.1 compliant), not LibXSLT.  I can't be the first person to want to use Saxon with Perl, so someone has to have done this before.  The Saxon/C page even specifically says it can be invoked from Perl.  I'm not looking to create something new here, just using Saxon with Perl the way others do it.  So how do the rest of you use Saxon with Perl?
Answer: we have not yet officially done the integration work needed to extend Saxon/C on perl it is still on our todo list. Therefore we currently don't support it. I don't know of anyone who has done this work as yet but I know it is can be done.
On the Saxon website we state that it is possible to create extensions in languages like Perl since Saxon/C has a C/C++ interface. Currently, we only have extensions for PHP and Python (available in the next release).
As a workaround you could run the transform command from Saxon/C using the exec function in Perl instead of the Java version, therefore avoiding the need to run Java VM.
Comment: Ah, that explains the statement on the Saxon website.  Thank you for that clarification.  Can you tell me more about the workaround?  I'm currently running Saxon via a filehandle: open(SAXON, "| java -jar saxon9he.jar -s:- -xsl:my.xsl -o:output.xml"), just for the convenience of printing the XML input to STDIN; this should be equivalent to an exec with an XML file as input.  What would running the transform command from Saxon/C, avoiding the need to run Java VM, look like?  I followed the installation instructions in the readme file, then got stuck.
Comment: Please can you give details of what you got stuck with?
The Transform.c, Query.c and Validate.c files are available in Saxon-/C install in the directory 'command'. The bash shell build script should also be in the same directory to compile and create the executable.

The executables will run in a similar way to its Java counterpart (same options are available).
Comment: Got a little further by adding the include for the directory containing jni.h, but still stuck.  Seems some headers are missing, but don't see instructions on how to get the headers for MacOS `sh-3.2# ./buildpec-command.sh -I../Saxon.C.API/jni
Transform.c:13:14: fatal error: 'windows.h' file not found
    #include
`
Comment: This is a bug. The Apple preprocessor directive is missing. See bug issue: https://saxonica.plan.io/issues/4317
I have fixed it and added the workaround simply by replacing the files with the ones in the bug issue. i.e. Transform.c: https://dev.saxonica.com/repos/archive/opensource/latest9.8/hec/command/Transform.c
Comment: Progress, but new errors now: `sh-3.2# ./buildpec-command.sh -I../Saxon.C.API/jni
Transform.c:15:13: error: cannot combine with previous 'int' declaration specifier
typedef int bool;
            ^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/lib/clang/10.0.1/include/stdbool.h:31:14: note: expanded from macro 'bool'
Transform.c:15:1: warning: typedef requires a name [-Wmissing-declarations]
Transform.c:217:9: warning: format string is not a string literal (potentially insecure)
Transform.c:217:9: note: treat the string as an argument to avoid this`
Comment: It looks like there are other issue here when running building on macOS.
1) We need to comment out the defining of the bool variable
2) Add preprocessor code for the library path on macOS.
Comment: Working on a fix. Track bug issue: https://saxonica.plan.io/issues/4318
Comment: I have fixed the two outstanding issues. You should now be able to checkout files from svn and try to build again.
Comment: Got it compiled!  It was still failing and had to make two more changes: `gcc  Transform.c -o transform -ldl -lc -lsaxonpec -DPEC -I../Saxon.C.API/jni` changed to `gcc  Transform.c -o transform -ldl -lc -DHEC -I../Saxon.C.API/jni`.  So removed -lsaxonpec and changed -DPEC to -DHEC...
Comment: Just following up since it's been a year.  Has the integration work needed to extend Saxon/C on Perl come off your todo list yet?
Comment: Thanks for the reminder. We will look into it

Using Saxon/C with Perl


Using a wildcard certificate for Exchange 2013

Question: Until now I used a local CA signed certificate for my Exchange, but all foregin users could not trust the connection with their Outlook or browser to OWA webapp.
I bought a wildcard certificate for my public domain mydomain.com (that it is different from my local domain name mydomain.local) and I want to use it for Exchange services.
I learned that I cannot use different certs for inner/outer connection so I dediced to let local user use an external address and create the zone forward in the local DNS. So everybody uses a single name to reach the Exchange server: mbox.mydomain.com
I changed my OutlookProvider from old CertPrincipalName msstd:mbox.mydomain.com to the new the wildcard name:
<code>Set-OutlookProvider -Identity EXPR -CertPrincipalName msstd:*.mydomain.com
Set-OutlookProvider -Identity EXCH -CertPrincipalName msstd:*.mydomain.com
</code>
Then I activated IIS service in the new wildcard cert loaded by web ECP interface of Exchange.
I waited a few for Outlookprovier refresh (TTL=1 hour)
And now....
The external connection works but I have a proxy error for all my local Outlook clients:

Where target site is the LOCAL path to server.
What I missed?
Answer: You can use different certs for external and internal connections. One possible option would be to involve a loadbalancer. You might also use a web application proxy (see here).
And then you can use one certificate (the external) on the LoadBalancer / Web Application Proxy. And reconfigure your Exchange environment to use internal and External URLs.


How do the parties choose the location for international treaty?

Question: How do the parties choose the exact place for carrying out the specific treaty, protocol, or agreement signing act? Can the place of treaty be considered a sign of something? What is the point of signing the treaty outside its participant countries?
Comment: I think the question is a bit broad at the moment: it could be as part of an international conference, or with a third party host or mediator, all sorts of reasons. If it's between two countries, they might not agree who got to host it, particularly if relations between them are hostile. If you have a particular example of one that looks particularly odd , you might want to make the question about that.
Answer: Regarding only the 3rd part of the question:

What is the point of signing the treaty outside its participant countries?

It's rather like a first date between two apartment dwellers.  The parties select some neutral safe location, (e.g. a local eatery), and try to find things they like and agree about, if possible; if not possible, the neutral location allows either party to depart at will.


If an opponent unsummons my Goblin, does it spoil my Goblin Grenade?

Question: If I'm launching a Goblin Grenade (that requires the sacrifice a Goblin) and my opponent uses an Unsummon on the Goblin (or similar effects like the ability of a Time Elemental) does this effectively counter my spell?
Comment: @Rainbolt Why would you flag both questions as a duplicate of each other?
Comment: @Hackworth I closed them as duplicates of each other because I couldn't decide which is the better target. One is more specific and more concise. One is more general and less concise.
Answer: It is impossible for your opponent to unsummon your Goblin after you have chosen it to be the grenade victim.
When you cast a spell, announcing the spell, choosing its targets and modes, and finally paying its costs (and yes some other more fiddly things), is all a single action that you take at once.  Other players do not get priority to interrupt you in the middle.
Because sacrificing the goblin is part of the cost of the spell, it is part of that one big action and other people can't jump in the middle to do something.  By the time your opponent gets priority again after you have chosen the goblin, it is already in the graveyard.
Answer: No. Your opponent cannot cast any spells, activate any abilities, or do any other actions while you have priority, unless specifically directed to do so.

116.1. Unless a spell or ability is instructing a player to take an action, which player can take actions at any given time is determined by a system of priority. The player with priority may cast spells, activate abilities, and take special actions.

116.3a The active player receives priority at the beginning of most steps and phases, after any turn-based actions (such as drawing a card during the draw step; see rule 703) have been dealt with and abilities that trigger at the beginning of that phase or step have been put on the stack. No player receives priority during the untap step. Players usually don't get priority during the cleanup step (see rule 514.3)

116.3d If a player has priority and chooses not to take any actions, that player passes. If any mana is in that player's mana pool, he or she announces what mana is there. Then the next player in turn order receives priority.

Since the Goblin Grenade has "sacrifice a goblin" as an additional cost to casting the spell, the goblin will not be on the battlefield, which means it will be an illegal target for Unsummon

117.8. Some spells and abilities have additional costs. An additional cost is a cost listed in a spell's rules text, or applied to a spell or ability from another effect, that its controller must pay at the same time that player pays the spell's mana cost or the ability's activation cost. A cost is an additional cost only if it's phrased using the word "additional." Note that some additional costs are listed in keywords; see rule 702.
Answer: No. Your opponent may only cast Unsummon on your goblin when they have priority. Your opponent gets priority after you pass. Wou will have finished casting your spell and paying all necessary costs at this point, and the goblin you sacrificed will be in your graveyard. (From the Basic Rulebook)

Since players can cast instants and activate abilities during each other's turns, the game needs a system that makes sure only one player can do something at a time. Priority determines, at any given time, which player can cast a spell or activate an activated ability. The active player (the player whose turn it is) gets priority at the
beginning of each step and each main phase—except for the untap step and the cleanup step. When you get priority, you can cast a spell, activate an activated ability, or pass (choose to do nothing). If you do something, you keep priority, so you make the same choice again. If you pass, your opponent gets priority, so now he or she gets that choice. This goes back and forth until both players pass in a row.

ADDITIONAL COST - Some spells say they have an additional cost. To cast that spell, you must pay both the mana cost in the upper right corner of the card and its additional cost.

CASTING A SPELL - To cast a spell, take the card you want to cast from your hand, show it to your opponent, and put it on the stack. ... Now check what the spell's cost is. Tap your lands to produce the mana necessary to pay that cost, and pay it. Once you do that, the spell has been cast.


Augmented reality with swift (something like Flightradar24)

Question: I'm creating an app, that could spot people using iBeacon technology. So now i want to create a feature to show people that are near me using iPhone camera. Basically it should look like FlightRadar24 app function, that draw airplane names above video. What should i use to draw something(for example, user avatar, that is near) above camera layer and constantly update it's position?
Comment: You need to provide way more information on what you need to do, what you've tried, code that you've tried, code that hasn't work/worked, steps taken, etc.
Answer: Precise 3D location is required before it could be displayed in an augmented reality mode.
I don't think that iBeacon/beacons generally or even raw bluetooth will give you a direction just a distance/proximity based on the power.
Given that I don't think the feature that you are describing is possible.
Answer: I assume that you need to do some image recognition. I would check out OpenCV. Best way to download it is downloading the source and compile it locally into a framework that you will drag inside your app. OpenCV is C++, so you will need to create an Objective C wrapper around the functions that you need and import those into Swift via a bridging header. Remember that C++ needs garbage collection. This part is simple on paper but if you never worked with computer vision it gets really difficult to spot which functions you need to "wrap".
Answer: You can simply use an UIView and add it on the top layer of your view hierarchy. I tried it in my own project and this solution is working fine.
Comment: For a more detailed answer I need more details in the question
Answer: you can try one of these approaches:
Use a framework written in swift

https://github.com/DanijelHuis/HDAugmentedReality

use this framework written in Objective-C

https://github.com/gleue/TGLAugmentedRealityView

or follow this tutorial

https://www.raywenderlich.com/146436/augmented-reality-ios-tutorial-location-based-2


File format dropdown in 'Extract Assets' dialog for Photoshop

Question: I'm using the 'Extract Assets' feature in Photoshop CC 2014 but I'm running into a problem where I am not able to select any file type besides PNG-32 from the File Format dialog dropdown. Any ideas why this might be?
Answer: This appears to be a bug in the application which has been reported here.
(I am the Product Manager responsible for this feature, so I would love to be able to fix it in the next release!)
Comment: Hi Divya, It's **fantastic** that you've posted. Unfortunately the format of your posting wasn't *really* in-line with the StackExchange Q&A format. I hope you don't mind, but I've edited slightly to make your post more in-line with StackExchange guidelines (removed the questions basically).
Answer: That's certainly curious. I just tried it with a vector smart object as you have in your image and I was able to add different formats quite easily:

It might be worth reporting this to Adobe as a potential bug with this new dialog.
Comment: This does in fact appear to be a bug, as it works on occasion but there is no pattern to it working or not. Reported to Adobe. Would be curious if others are experiencing the same problem.


What is the Catholic understanding of Antichrist?

Question: Is there a good explanation describing how to identify the anti-Christ?
They say a lot of false prophets will rise up in the end times to preach the anti-Christ.
Is there a biblical explanation or does the Catholic Church had an official teaching about the anti-Christ?
Comment: Even within the church, the subject of the Antichrist is somewhat opinion based as well subject to speculation to say the least.
Comment: You're asking more than one question. My answer focuses on how the Catholic Church understands Antichrist, but do you want to know how he is to be identified?
Answer: The Antichrist is a single person, but anyone opposed to Christ can also be called an antichrist:
Sacræ Theologiæ Summa IVB on the Last Things, §264 "The coming of the Antichrist", PDF pp. 462-463, says "Antichrist"

designates: a) broadly, the one who is Christ's adversary, so that therefore there are many antichrists; b) but by antonomasia, someone coming at the end of the world as a bitter enemy of Christ.

Fr. Hardon, S.J.'s Catholic Dictionary defines "Antichrist" as:

The chief of Christ's enemies. The New Testament specifically names him only in I John 2:18,

Little children, it is the last hour; and as you have heard that Antichrist cometh, even now there are become many Antichrists: whereby we know that it is the last hour.

2:22;

Who is a liar, but he who denieth that Jesus is the Christ? This is Antichrist, who denieth the Father, and the Son.

4:3,

And every spirit that dissolveth Jesus, is not of God: and this is Antichrist, of whom you have heard that he cometh, and he is now already in the world.

and II John [1:]7,

For many seducers are gone out into the world, who confess not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh: this is a seducer and an antichrist.

where he is identified with unbelievers who deny the Incarnation. Over the centuries the Antichrist has been variously associated with historical persons, e.g., Caligula, Simon Magus, and Nero, or again with organized movements such as Arianism. The more common Catholic interpretation says that he is not merely symbolic or an embodiment of the anti-Christian. The Antichrist is a real person. (Etym. Greek antichristos, against Christ.)

The coming of Antichrist is one of the signs of Christ's second coming.
See also:

"What is the Catholic interpretation of 2 Thessalonians 2:3" (that Antichrist "sitteth in the temple of God")?
Comment: Thanks, your answer stated the anti-Christ is a single person but below the biblical reference said there are many anti-Christ, can you further explain.
Comment: Also your answer stated, the anti-Christ will only deny the Father and the Son, how about the Holy Spirit?
Comment: @MercyVultus 1 Jn. 2:22 doesn't say he'll "only" deny the Father and the Son.
Comment: Yes, i just think of it because it explicitly stated denial of Father and Son and did not mention the Holy Spirit, how come?
Answer: Let us start by giving a precise definition of the several types of figures mentioned in Bible passages related to eschatology:

false prophet: someone who speaks in the name of false gods, or who speaks in the name of God what God has not commanded him to speak.
false christ: someone who claims to be the Christ.
antichrist: someone who denies that Jesus of Nazareth is the consubstantial Son of God Who has assumed a human nature. Defined in 1 Jn 2:22 and 4:2-3:

Who is the liar but he who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This is
  the antichrist, he who denies the Father and the Son. (1 Jn 2:22)
By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit that confesses that
  Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, and every spirit that
  does not confess Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the
  antichrist, which you heard was coming and now is in the world
  already. (1 Jn 4:2-3)

"the" antichrist: an antichrist that will come at the end of times. It is described in 2 Thess 2:3-12, where Paul calls him "the man of lawlessness" and "the lawless one". This answers the first question asked.

These categories are not mutually exclusive. E.g., if a false Christ denies that Jesus is the Son of God, he is also an antichrist. But he would be only a false christ and not an antichrist if he did not deny that Jesus was the Son of God, claiming instead that he is a subsequent incarnation, in the way that Rama and Krishna are said to be succesive incarnations of Vishnu.
Magisterial sources on this subject
The treatment of this subject by the Catholic magisterium is limited to a few statements, none of them being a solemn, definitive definition. A search on vatican.va yields three documents:

The Catechism [1], which does not state explicitely whether the Antichrist will be a particular human being or it could be an existential mindset or attitude and a political/social system which enforces that attitude.

The Church's ultimate trial
675 Before Christ's second coming the Church must pass through a final
  trial that will shake the faith of many believers. [573] The
  persecution that accompanies her pilgrimage on earth [574] will unveil
  the "mystery of iniquity" in the form of a religious deception
  offering men an apparent solution to their problems at the price of
  apostasy from the truth. The supreme religious deception is that of
  the Antichrist, a pseudo-messianism by which man glorifies himself in
  place of God and of his Messiah come in the flesh. [575]
676 The Antichrist's deception already begins to take shape in the
  world every time the claim is made to realize within history that
  messianic hope which can only be realized beyond history through the
  eschatological judgement. the Church has rejected even modified forms
  of this falsification of the kingdom to come under the name of
  millenarianism, [576] especially the "intrinsically perverse"
  political form of a secular messianism. [577]
677 The Church will enter the glory of the kingdom only through this
  final Passover, when she will follow her Lord in his death and
  Resurrection. [578] The kingdom will be fulfilled, then, not by a
  historic triumph of the Church through a progressive ascendancy, but
  only by God's victory over the final unleashing of evil, which will
  cause his Bride to come down from heaven. [579] God's triumph over the
  revolt of evil will take the form of the Last Judgement after the
  final cosmic upheaval of this passing world. [580]
573 Cf. ⇒ Lk 18:8; ⇒ Mt 24:12.
574 Cf. ⇒ Lk 21:12; ⇒ Jn 15:19-20.
575 Cf. ⇒ 2 Th 2:4-12; ⇒ I Th 5:2-3; 2 ⇒ Jn 7; ⇒ I Jn 2:1 8, ⇒ 22.
576 Cf. DS 3839.
577 Pius XI, Divini Redemptoris, condemning the "false mysticism" of
  this    "counterfeit of the redemption of the lowly"; cf. GS 20-21.
578 Cf. ⇒ Rev 19:1-9.
579 Cf ⇒ Rev 13:8; ⇒ 20:7-10; ⇒ 21:2-4.
580 Cf. ⇒ Rev 20:12 ⇒ 2 Pt 3:12-13.

The encyclical "E supremi" issued by Pope Pius X on Oct. 4, 1903 [2]:

When all this is considered there is good reason to fear lest this great perversity may be as it were a foretaste, and perhaps the
  beginning of those evils which are reserved for the last days; and
  that there may be already in the world the "Son of Perdition" of whom
  the Apostle speaks (II. Thess. ii., 3). Such, in truth, is the
  audacity and the wrath employed everywhere in persecuting religion, in
  combating the dogmas of the faith, in brazen effort to uproot and
  destroy all relations between man and the Divinity! While, on the
  other hand, and this according to the same apostle is the
  distinguishing mark of Antichrist, man has with infinite temerity put
  himself in the place of God, raising himself above all that is called
  God; in such wise that although he cannot utterly extinguish in
  himself all knowledge of God, he has rejected [#] God's majesty and, as
  it were, made of the universe a temple wherein he himself is to be
  adored. "He sitteth in the temple of God, showing himself as if he
  were God" (II. Thess. ii., 2).

[#] I fixed this word from the original "Eius tamen maiestate reiecta".

A catechesis at a general audience by Pope Benedict XVI, on Nov. 12, 2008 [3]:

In his Second Letter to the Thessalonians, Paul [...] announces that
  before the Lord's arrival there will be apostasy, and one well
  described as the "man of lawlessness", "the son of perdition" (2: 3)
  must be revealed, who tradition would come to call the Antichrist.

[1] http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P1V.HTM
[2] http://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-x/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-x_enc_04101903_e-supremi.html
[3] http://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2008/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20081112.html
Comment: Can you demonstrate that this reflects the Catholic understanding?
Comment: Done to the best of my abilities.
Answer: What is the Catholic understanding of Antichrist?
Prophecy is usually recognized as true while the thing prophesized have run their course. This would apply to the Antichrist also the anti-church and anti-gospel of Pope John Paul II should be seen as something the against the Church and against the Gospels and not as a counterfeit church or a counterfeit gospel, although the Antichrist will no doubt teach a false gospel of sorts.
Even within the church, the subject of the Antichrist is somewhat opinion based as well subject to speculation to say the least.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches the faithful about the Church's final combat:

675 Before Christ's second coming the Church must pass through a final trial that will shake the faith of many believers The persecution that accompanies her pilgrimage on earth will unveil the "mystery of iniquity" in the form of a religious deception offering men an apparent solution to their problems at the price of apostasy from the truth. The supreme religious deception is that of the Antichrist, a pseudo-messianism by which man glorifies himself in place of God and of his Messiah come in the flesh.
676 The Antichrist's deception already begins to take shape in the world every time the claim is made to realize within history that messianic hope which can only be realized beyond history through the eschatological judgment. The Church has rejected even modified forms of this falsification of the kingdom to come under the name of millenarianism, especially the "intrinsically perverse" political form of a secular messianism.
677 The Church will enter the glory of the kingdom only through this final Passover, when she will follow her Lord in his death and Resurrection. The kingdom will be fulfilled, then, not by a historic triumph of the Church through a progressive ascendancy, but only by God's victory over the final unleashing of evil, which will cause his Bride to come down from heaven. God's triumph over the revolt of evil will take the form of the Last Judgment after the final cosmic upheaval of this passing world.

What the Antichrist Will Be Like, According to Bl. John Henry Newman

Times of the Antichrist was the title of the first sermon. Here as in the rest, Cardinal Newman follows the ancient Fathers who were not too far removed from the apostles, like Sts. Irenaeus, Hippolytus, and others like Jerome. Their agreement, and weight of authority, are reasons to esteem their insights.
In each of the sermons Newman readily refers to various Scripture passages and clearly refers to what Jesus said. He weaves together the prophecies of the end times in the visions in the Books of Daniel and Revelation, plus in sections from the epistles.
Newman clearly states none of the interpretations are his own.
He begins with the signs of the second Advent, said "to be a certain frightful apostasy, and the manifestation of the man of sin, the son of perdition — that is, as he is commonly called, Antichrist. Our Saviour seems to add, that that sign will immediately precede Him, or that His coming will follow close upon it (Matthew 24).
Paul in 2 Thessalonians 2 (about Christ and the Lawless one) explains that there is a restraining power holding back the lawless one from being revealed until that restrainer is removed for a sort time. Newman says the ancients considered the Roman Empire the restrainer, but while the empire was seemingly destroyed or dismantled, he notes in view of the prophecy in Thessalonians, the Roman Empire still existed in some form in Newman's own day.
In a sermon to follow he focuses on one of those forms only slightly removed from his own day — the French Revolution which persecuted religion and enshrined and worshipped Liberty and man.
But the Antichrist will be a single person. It is said there will "come a falling away, and the man of sin will be revealed (2 Thessalonians 2:3)," he writes. "In other words, the Man of Sin is born of an Apostasy, or at least comes into power through an apostasy, or is preceded by an apostasy, or would not be except for an apostasy. So says the inspired text: now observe, how remarkably the course of Providence, as seen in history, has commented on this prediction."

The following are some prophesies made by the Early Church Fathers, and whose prophesies are the most trusted.

Prophesies of the Antichrist By Early Church Fathers
St Cyril of Jerusalem 315-386 AD
"And after these shall arise antichrist and having by the signs and lying wonders of his magical deceit, beguiled the Jews as though he were the expected Christ, he shall afterwards characterize himself by all kinds of excesses of cruelty and lawlessness…and he shall perpetrate such things for 3 years and 6 months
"Antichrist will exceed in malice, perversity, lust, wickedness, impiety, and ruthlessness and barbarity all men that have ever disgraced human nature.  Hence St. Paul emphatically calls him `the man of sin the son of perdition, the wicked one, whose birth and coming is through the operation of Satan, in all manner of seduction and iniquity.'  (2 Thess., 2).  Through his great power, deceit and malice he shall succeed in decoying or forcing to his worship two thirds of mankind; the remaining third part of men will continue true to the faith and worship of Jesus Christ most steadfastly.  But in his satanic rage and fury, Antichrist will persecute these brave and devout Christians during three years and a half, and torture them with such an extremity of barbarity, with all the old and newly invented instruments of pain, as to exceed all past persecutors of the Church combined.  He will oblige all his followers to bear impressed upon their foreheads or right hands the mark of the Beast and will starve to death all those who refuse to receive it."
This one shall seize the power of the Roman Empire and shall falsely style himself Christ. By the name Christ he shall deceive the Jews who are expecting the anointed and he shall seduce the Gentiles by his magical illusions.
St. Irenaeus 125-202
"He shall sit in the Temple of God as if he were Christ, and leading astray those who worship him For when he is come, and of his own accord concentrates in his own person the apostasy, and accomplishes whatever he shall do according to his own will and choice, sitting also in the Temple of God so that his dupes may adore him as the Christ..."   "By means of the events which shall occur in the time of Antichrist it is shown that he, being an apostate and a robber, is anxious to be adored as God; and that although a mere slave. he wishes to be proclaimed as a king.  For he being endued with all the power of the devil, shall come, not as a righteous king, not as a legitimate king obedient to God but as an impious, unjust, and lawless one; as an iniquitous and murderous apostate; as a robber, concentrating in himself a satanic apostasy, and setting aside idols to persuade men that he himself is God
The antichrist will deceive the Jews to such an extent that they will accept him as the messiah and worship him
The disciples of the apostles say (from oral tradition) that they (Elias and Henoch)  whose living bodies were taken up from this world have been placed in an earthly paradise where they will remain until the end of the world.
At the time of his reign antichrist will command that Jerusalem ne rebuilt in its splendour and will make it a great and populous city, second to none in the world and will order his palace to be built there
St. Methodius of Olympus 250-311
"A time will come when the enemies of Christ will boast: "We have subjected the earth and all its inhabitants, and the Christians cannot escape our hands." Then a Roman Emperor will arise in great fury against them... Drawing his sword, he will fall upon the foes of Christianity and crush them. Then peace will reign on earth, and priests will be relieved of all their anxieties.
"In the last period Christians will not appreciate the great grace of God who provided a monarch, a long duration of peace, a splendid fertility of the earth. They will be very ungrateful, lead a sinful life, in pride, vanity, unchastely, frivolity, hatred, avarice, gluttony, and many other vices, [so] that the sins of men will stink more than a pestilence before God. Many will doubt whether the Catholic faith is the true and only saving one and whether the Jews are correct when they still expect the Messiah. Many will be the false teachings and resultant bewilderment. The just God will in consequence give Lucifer and all his devils power to come on earth and tempt his godless creatures...
"He will be born in Chorazaim, nourished in Bethsaida, and reign in Capharnaum. Chorazim will rejoice because he was born in her, and Capharnaum because he will have reigned in her. For this reason in the Third Gospel the Lord gave the following statement: "Woe to you, Chorazaim, woe to you Bethsaida, woe to you Capharnaum --- if you have risen up to heaven, you will descend to hell" [Luke 10:13, 15]. When the Son of Perdition has arisen, the King of the Romans will ascend Golgotha upon which the wood of the Holy Cross is fixed, in the place where the Lord underwent death for us. The king will take the crown from his head and place it upon the cross and stretching out his hands to heaven will hand over the kingdom of the Christians to God the Father. The cross and crown of the king will be taken up together to heaven. This is because the Cross on which our Lord Jesus Christ hung for the common salvation of all will begin to appear before him at his coming to convict the lack of faith of the unbelievers. The prophecy of David which says, "In the last days Ethiopia will stretch out her hand to God" [Psalm 67:32] will be fulfilled in that these last men who stretch out their hands to God are from the seed of Chuseth, the daughter of Phol, king of Ethiopia. When the Cross has been lifted up on high to heaven, the King of the Romans will directly give up his spirit. Then every principality and power will be destroyed that the Son of Perdition may manifest...
"When the Son of Perdition appears, he will be of the tribe of Dan, according to the prophecy of Jacob. This enemy of religion will use a diabolic art to produce many false miracles, such as causing the blind to see, the lame to walk, and the deaf to hear. Those possessed with demons will be exorcised. He will deceive many and, if he could, as our Lord has said, even the faithful elect.
"Even the Antichrist will enter Jerusalem, where he will enthrone himself in the temple as a god (even though he will be an ordinary man of the tribe of Dan to which Judas Iscariot also belonged).
"In those days, the Antichrist will bring about many tribulation; but God will not allow those redeemed by the divine blood to be deceived. For that reason, he will send his two servants, Enoch and Elias, who will declare the prodigies of the Antichrist to be false, and will denounce him as an impostor. After the death and ruin of many, he will leave the Temple in confusion; and many of his followers will forsake him to join the company of the righteous. The seducer, upon seeing himself reproached and scorned, will become enraged and will put to death those saints of God. It is then that there will appear the sign of the Son of Man, and he will come upon the clouds of heaven."
St. Ambrose 340-397
Antichrist will attempt to prove from scripture that he is the Christ.
St. John Chrysostom 347-407
"Antichrist will be possessed by Satan and be the illegitimate son of a Jewish woman from the East. This world will be faithless and degenerate after the birth of Anti-Christ".
St. Ephraem 300-373
"Then the Lord from His Glorius heaven shall set up his peace. And the kingdom of the Romans shall rise in place of this latter people and establish its dominion upon the earth, even unto its ends, and there shall be no-one who will resist it. After iniquity shall have subsequently multiplied and all creatures have become defiled then divine justice shall appear and shall wholly destroy the people and coming fourth from perdition the man of iniquity shall be revealed upon the earth, the seducer of men and disturber of the whole earth
"Let us learn, my friends, in what form shall come on earth the shameless serpent, since the Redeemer, wishing to save all mankind, was born of a Virgin and in human form crushed the enemy with the holy power of his godhead. This then the enemy, having learnt that again shall the Lord come from heaven in the glory of His divinity, thus bethought him to assume the form of His coming and beguile all men. So in very truth shall he be born of a defiled woman, his instrument. In the form of Him shall come the all-polluted, as a wily thief to beguile all beings. Humble and gentle, hating the speech of the unjust, overturning all idols, honouring piety, a good lover of the poor, exceedingly fair, altogether well disposed, pleasant towards all. To conciliate all, he plots craftily, that he may be loved soon by the peoples; neither gifts shall he accept, nor speak in anger. He shows himself not sullen, but ever cheerful. And in all these well-planned schemes he beguileth the world so long as he shall rule. For when the many peoples and nations shall behold such great virtues, fair deeds and powers, all of one mind shall become and with great joy shall crown him, saying one to another, surely there is not found such another man so good and just... For the shameless one, grasping authority, sends his demons unto all the ends of the earth to announce unto all that a great king hath appeared in glory; come thither and behold... The peoples shall be gathered, and they shall come that they may see God, and the crowds of the peoples shall cleave to him, and all shall deny their own God and invite their fellows to praise the son of perdition, and one on another they shall fall and with swords each other destroy... Magnifying his miracles, performing his portents, Deceiver and not in truth manifesting these things, in such fashion the tyrant removeth the mountains, and simulates falsely and not truly while the multitude stands by, many nations and peoples applauding him for his illusions... Again this same dragon stretches out his hands and gathers the multitudes of reptiles and birds; and likewise he moves over the surface of the deep, andas on dry ground he walks thereon. But he simulates these things... The lightnings shall be his ministers and signify his advent; the demons shall constitute his forces, and the princes of the demons shall be his disciples; to far-distant lands he shall send captains of his bands, who shall impart virtue and healing... A great conflict, Brethren, in those times amongst all men, but especially amongst the faithful, when there shall be signs and wonders wrought by the Dragon in great abundance, when he shall again manifest himself as God in fearful phantasms flying in the air, and show all the demons in the forms of angels flying in terror before the tyrant, for he crieth out loudly, changing his forms also to strike infinite dread into all men...
"Then the skies no longer rain, the earth no longer beareth fruit, the springs run out, the rivers dry up, herbs no longer sprout, grass no longer grows, trees wither from their roots and no longer put forth fruits, the fishes of the sea and the monsters therein die out, and thus they say a fetid stench emits with a fearful roar, that men shall fail and perish through terror. And then in dread shall moan and groan all life alike when all shall see the pitiless distress that compasseth them by night and eke by day, and nowhere find the food wherewith to fill themselves... For stern governors of the people shall be appointed each in his place, and whoso bears with him the seal of the tyrant may buy a little food.
The man of evil will prepare and coming he will enter Jerusalem; he will build up and establish Sion and will make himself God and entering he will sit in the temple as the apostle has written as if he were God
St. John Damascene 676-787
"And when he was taken up, He [Jesus] ascended to the East and thus the apostles worshipped Him and thus He shall come in the same way as they had seen Him going into heaven, as the Lord himself said " As lightening cometh out of the east and appeareth even into the west: so shall also the coming of the Son of man be". And so while we are awaiting Him we worship toward the East. This is moreover the unwritten tradition of the apostles, for they have handed many things down to us unwritten.
"One should know that the antichrist must come . Antichrist to be sure is everyone who does not confess that the Son of God came in the flesh is perfect God and became perfect man while at the same time He was God. In a peculiar and special sense however he who is to come at the consummation of the world is Antichrist. So it is first necessary for the Gospel to have been preached to all the gentiles as the Lord said, and then  he shall come unto conviction of the impious Jews. For the Lord said to them: I am come in the name of the father and you receive me not: If another shall come in his own name, him you will receive. And the apostle: "because they receive not the love of the truth that they might be saved. Therefore God shall send them the operation of error, to believe lying: that all may be judged who have not believed the truth but have consented to iniquity. Hence the Jews did not receive the Lord Jesus Christ and God, although He was the Son of God, but the deceiver who says he is God they will receive. For that he will call himself God, the angel who taught Daniel thus declares: "he will make no account of the gods of his Fathers". And the Apostle: "Let no man deceive you by any means; for unless there comes a revolt first and the son of perdition, who opposeth and is lifted up above all that is called God or that is worshipped, so that he sitteth in the temple of God" He says ---not however in ours but in the former one that of the Jews, for he will not come to us but to the Jews (initially)—not for the sake of Christ and Christ's for which reason alone, he is also called Antichrist
"The gospel, then, must first be preached in all nations " and then that wicked one shall be revealed: whose coming is according to the working of Satan, in all power and signs and lying wonders, in all seduction of inquity to them that perish: who the Lord shall kill with the words of His mouth and the coming of His brightness" Thus the devil does not himself become man after the incarnation of the Lord –God forbid! --! But a man is born of fornication and receives into himself the whole operation of Satan, for God permits the devil to inhabit him for He (God) foresees the future perversity of his will.
"So he is born of fornication as we said and is brought up unnoticed: but all of a sudden he rises up, revolts and rules. During the first part of his reign – of his tyranny rather – he plays more the part of sanctity; but when he gains complete control, he persecutes the Church of God and reveals all his wickedness. "And he shall come in signs and lying wonders" – sham ones and not real – and he shall seduce those whose intention rests on a rotten and unstable foundation and make them abandon the living God., "in as much as to scandalize (if possible) even the elect.
St. Hildegard 1098-1179
When the great ruler (the Great Monarch who is to rule Europe after the collapse of Communism) exterminates the Turks almost entirely, one of the remaining Mohammedans will be converted, become a priest bishop and cardinal, and when the new pope is elected (immediately before Antichrist) this cardinal will kill the pope before he is crowned, through jealousy, wishing to be pope himself; then when the other cardinals elect the next pope this cardinal will proclaim himself Anti-pope, and two-thirds of the Christians will go with him.  He, as well as Antichrist, are descendants of the tribe of Dan.
Antichrist will make the earth move, level mountains, dry up rivers, produce thunder and lightning and hail, remove the leaves from the trees and return them again to the trees, make men sick and cure them, exorcise devils, raise the dead to life.  He will appear to be crucified and rise from the dead.  All in all,  Christians will be astounded and in grievous doubts while the followers of Antichrist will be confirmed in their false faith.
Antichrist will come from a land that lies between two seas and will practise his tyranny in the East. After his birth false. teachers and doctrines will appear, followed by wars, famines,. and pestilence. His mother will seldom let any one see him, and yet by magic. art, she will manage to gain the love of the people for him.

What have Popes said about Vladimir Soloviev?

Soloviev is a "Russian figure of extraordinary depth," said St. John Paul II during his Angelus of July 30, 2000.
He is "one of the greatest Russian Christian philosophers of the 19th and 20th centuries," John Paul II said again in 2003 in a long message about Soloviev that the Holy Father sent to participants gathered to discuss this major figure on the 150th anniversary of his birth.
In his Crossing the Threshold of Hope, John Paul II refers to Soloviev, and in his encyclical Fides et Ratio (Faith and Reason) he lists Soloviev as standing in a line of distinguished Christian philosophers.
During a talk on Soloviev Cardinal Giacomo Biffi noted that the theologian-mystic was "cited approvingly by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger."
Obviously, Soloviev has exceptional credentials...
Although Soloviev died in 1900 as the door opened on the 20th century, Cardinal Biffi, a noted scholar of his works, pointed out his predictions of things that would happen in the 20th century are "astonishing" in their accuracy. - Vladimir Soloviev, the Mystic admired by Popes.

Both Pope St. John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI held in high esteem the Russian Philosopher Vladimir Solovyov and his book on the Tale of the Anti-Christ.
In his Tale of the Antichrist, Vladimir Soloviev details a vision of how events might take place in the 20th century and into the 21st that usher in the Antichrist, and then how that monstrous person would act.

This Antichrist showed himself as a kindhearted humanitarian who appeared to love all forms of life. He was a vegetarian, was concerned about ecology, and was an ecumenist.
"The twentieth century was the epoch of the last great wars and revolutions. The greatest of these wars had its distant cause in the movement of Pan Mongolism which originated in Japan as far back as the end of the nineteenth century." China became heavily involved. Europe was invaded.
Not long after the defeat of the invaders, the European states started to reorganize. The old institutions become extinct. Soloviev says: "Europe in the twenty-first century represented an alliance of more or less democratic nations — the United States of Europe."
Sounds a lot like the European Union.
The Freemasons in the European Council have a hand in getting this man elected as president of the United States of Europe then giving him the next title of Roman Emperor — emperor of the world — as the Antichrist promised peace to the world, and food and prosperity under his rule. Governments around the world joined the United States of Europe.
The Holy See was banished from Rome and made its way to St. Petersburg. But, Soloviev says, "In all the other countries, particularly in North America, the Catholic priesthood still had a good many representatives possessed of strong will, inexhaustible energy, and independent character, who welded together the Catholic Church into a closer unity than it had ever seen before…"
As those true to the Faith look to the Gospel and Church Fathers on the Antichrist and see the nations led astray, the exposure of this wicked leader begins. Of course, he confronts them, but in a way not expected.
He invites the true Christians to send representatives to meet with him where he has transferred his imperial residence to Jerusalem where he built luxurious palaces and a huge temple to unite all cults.
Soloviev envisions the reaction of the Jews when they also learn this unmasked wicked imposter has led them astray from the real Messiah, and then the final say with Heaven's answer. - Soloviev and His Tale of the Antichrist


In SDR could you isolate I and Q

Question: I'm just curious if this could be a way of transmitting stereo?
Answer: Yes I and Q are in quadrature and therefore orthogonal so they are naturally isolated. For example you could consider QPSK as two independent BPSK channels transmitted on the same carrier frequency (or you could consider it having twice the spectral efficiency as BPSK since you can send twice as much data at once within the same bandwidth, and at the same SNR level).
To maintain isolation in the SDR you need to have good IQ balance or correct for IQ quadrature and amplitude error. Correcting for analog errors with software as depicted in the diagram below is easy to do: if the data content is equally distributed in the long term then the data can be used directly, and this would be a reason to "whiten" the actual data with scrambling prior to transmission. Otherwise training sequences could be used for such calibration of the receiver hardware- to the extent that is needed to be sufficient for audio purposes. Amplitude is adjusted by comparing the rms magnitudes of I and Q, and phase is adjusted by correlating I and Q (average of the product of I and Q over all samples) and scaling by the amplitude (to get phase).
Answer:
In SDR could you isolate I and Q

Refer to Dan's answer please – it's the more concise than what I could write.

I'm just curious if this could be a way of transmitting stereo?

It would, but you'll probably have a hard time finding such a system in reality, though.  It's not a technically sensible way:

as Dan said, you need an analog-wise good or digitally well-corrected receiver
atop of that, you need phase synchronization (otherwise, how would the receiver know what is I and what is Q?)
and that phase synchronization needs to finely tracking the phase of the receiver – for a phase offset of 10°, you get cos(10°) of your I receive energy to bleed into your Q, and vice versa. And, no two oscillators in this universe are the same, so, a phase variation at the receiver is inevitable

The facts that you

either need to build an expensive analog mixer/filter/amplifier chain that is very well balanced, or do the correction in digital domain after digitizing the signal,
you need either a continuous, relatively strong carrier for a receiver PLL to lock on, or some kind of time-discrete synchronization symbols, and
that in all likelihood, you'd want to digitize your stereo audio and transmit it that way (since that is spectrally more efficient than just sending analog audio, especially if you have a highly correlated stereo signal in there),

means that you'd really just go and use the one RF channel that you have to transmit a stream of digital data, containing compressed audio as complex symbols (using both I and Q at once). That's just what all the audio broadcasting standards do!

DAB: FM-radio replacement multicarrier system doing differential phase shift keying per subcarrier, supports stereo through MPEG-1 Audio Layer 2 (MP2)
Sirius/Sirius XM: US-American Satellite radio: phase-shift keying system, proprietary digital codecs yielding satellites doing stereo
DRM: Short/Medium/Longwave-radio replacement radio, multicarrier QAM-carrying system working on veeery long channels, supports stereo through MPEG-4 HE-AAC
DAB+: basically DAB with longer frames and better codecs, MPEG-4 audio does stereo

In SDR could you isolate I and Q


How to use yum to install from a DVD

Question: I use Fedora 14. Some days ago, I used the command yum remove openoffice.org-* and removed openoffice successfully. The, I wanted to get it back. I have all the packages and dependancies required to install in an installation dvd. The problem is that when I try to manually install each package, yum does not check dependencies in the DVD. How can I configure yum to look for all dependancies and packages required, in the DVD?
Comment: http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions is a better place to ask
Comment: So why is this tagged fedora12??????
Comment: I updated the tags
Answer: Sounds like you need to update your /etc/yum.repos.d to include your dvd. See here for details: Howto Setup yum repositories to update or install package from ISO CDROM Image
Answer: Probably the easiest thing to do here, to just fix this problem, is to install the "yum-plugin-tmprepo" plugin and do:
yum history undo <transaction id> --tmprepo=/path/to/DVD/packages

...where you can get the transaction ID from yum history list openoffice.

How to use yum to install from a DVD


Why can we calculate moment of inertia, but not inertia?

Question: I'm learning about rotational motion and the moment of inertia. Unlike inertia that I learned before, there is a formula to calculate rotational inertia. I'm having trouble understanding why it's possible to calculate inertia for a rotating object, but not a regular moving object. After doing research, not only is there no formula for normal objects, but different interpretations of what inertia is. Is there a fundamental difference between the moment of inertia and the inertia of an object, or am I misunderstanding something?
Comment: Probably the concept of inertia is not what you want for most circumstances. You want the mass. Depending on whether it's non-relativistic or relativistic you then calculate how the object responds to force.
Comment: The idea of moments carries over from math (to characterize functions, and where we get the idea of mean, variance, etc) to physics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_(physics)
Answer: Classically, the inertia of something is just its mass. If you want an analogous equation, just integrate the mass density $\rho$ of the object over the volume of the object:
$$m=\iiint \text dm=\iiint\rho\,\text dV$$
Compare this to what you usually see in introductory physics as $$I=\iiint r^2\,\text dm=\iiint r^2\rho\,\text dV$$
which, for a given axis, is one element of the moment of inertia tensor.

Is there a fundamental difference between the moment of inertia and the inertia of an object?

Yes. The inertia of an object does not depend on where the mass is within the body, only on how much mass there is. The moment of inertia about a given point does depend on how that mass is distributed about the point / axis you are calculating the moment of inertia about.
Comment: @onetoinfinity Yes. I think the term is second moment of mass though.
Comment: As a person never schooled in physics... this is (MoI) comparing a figure skater doing a spin with arms and legs spread about their axis of spin, vs one who's arms and legs are tight to the body (axis)?
Comment: I suppose, by the general definitions of a moment, this makes the MoI the second moment of inertia (with center of mass being the first)?
Comment: @CGCampbell: Yes, basically.
Answer: BioPhysicist is right.
Your confusion comes from the fact that the word "inertia" is not a "technical" term. It refers to a notion that can apply to many things, physical or psychological, like some person being slow to act.
"Moment of inertia" is a precise technical term, related to rotational motion. The corresponding technical term for what you call  "regular motion" is just "mass".
In fact, your question is deeper than meets the eye. Technically, the analog of "moment of inertia" for translational (your "regular") motion, rather than rotation, is "inertial mass". The tendency of an object to gravitationally attract another one and be attracted by it is its "gravitational mass".
Experimentally, one has always found, since Newton, that "inertial mass" and "gravitational mass" are equal.
But there was no deep reason for this identity.
Postulating that this identity is a fundamental principle of Nature is at the very origin of Einstein's theory of General Relativity.
In fact, there are some theories of gravitation (for instance Tensor-Vector-Scalar Gravity) that differ from General Relativity. For these theories, "inertial mass" and "gravitational mass" are not identical. Of course, if it exists, the difference is so small that no experiment on Earth has been able to measure this difference, but it could explain some difficulties with astronomical observations.
If these theories are correct, then one should, in principle, use the phrase "inertial mass" rather than just "mass" for the analog of "moment of inertia", and "gravitational mass" to describe the way an object is attracted, say, by Earth's gravity.
In practice, it makes no difference, but in principle, it really is a very fundamental distinction.
Answer: I'm assuming this is from the standpoint of first-semester introductory physics, so I don't think it's appropriate at all to talk about tensors or multivariable integration.
Forget about what the complicated functional description of $ I $ looks like for some object for just a moment and call it some constant. Generally when teaching a basic physics class I just like to give the following analogous statements of Newton's 2nd Law in simple cases
$$
\vec{F} = m \vec{a}, \\
\vec{\tau} = I \vec{\alpha},
$$
and note that if mass (or intertia, they mean the same thing) is a resistance to a change in linear motion, then moment of intertia is a resistance to a change in rotational motion. Since both $ m $ and $ I $ are a positive constants for an object, they are the constants that control how easy/hard it is to accelerate the translation and rotation of the object, respectively. That's all. The moment of inertia is acting as the thing that impedes rotational acceleration, just as mass impedes linear acceleration. It just so happens that $ I $ changes a lot depending on mass, radius, shape, distribution of mass, etc.
The origin of this strange word moment will become clear at higher levels as you study the inertia tensor, but when first introduced to it in (I presume) intro physics, stick to the basics of the above equations. If it helps, sometimes people say rotational intertia instead of moment of intertia, so you can use the perhaps more illuminating terms $ m = $ translational inertia, $ I = $ rotational inertia.
Answer: Inertia in general, is a term used to describe how easily something changes its speed or direction of movement, when a force is applied to it.

Lower inertia = easier for a given force to move/change it.
Higher inertia = harder for a given force to move/change it.

In general, for example, we would expect objects with larger "inertia", to move or change velocity less easily than an equivalent body with smaller "inertia".
When we look at movement in a line, we find that the ease with which the object changes speed, seems to be proportional to the weight it has due to gravity.  That's an odd way of phrasing it, and worth looking at closely.
Suppose we say a small object weighs 1 kg, or has mass 1 kg. What do we ultimately mean by that? In simple terms, we mean that gravity pulls it equally as it would any other point object that we also label "1 kg". We know 1 kg is 1 kg, because gravity attracts it like it attracts some other object we labelled 1 kg in the past. Because if we put the object on a simple set of scales, it balances if we put another object we called "1 kg" on the other side. That's when we know this object is or isn't 1 kg as well.
(Or it was, while the kilogram was defined by a platinum mass in Paris, until not long ago!)
So there's some deep truths about the universe here. Objects moving in a straight line have inertia - some change speed or direction easier than others when we apply the same force - but this inertia seems to be the same as the ease they change speed or direction due to gravity. So we identify 2 kinds of inertia, and give them the name "mass". In simple terms, inertia when gravity acts on an object is called its gravitational mass. Inertia when another force acts on the object is called its inertial mass. So far, they seem to be the same thing, but that's still something physicists are checking.
But there's other situations where the same force moves one object easier than another. Imagine three playground child's roundabouts. One is empty, one has 500kg of weights at the centre, and one has 500kg weights at the rim. All 3 can turn easily, but spinning them up takes a lot more force for the 3rd than the other two. So this is also a form of inertia.
But it's not just how much mass there is,otherwise the 2nd roundabout would be just as hard to spin. Its something about how the mass is positioned as well.
It turns out that you can do a calculation that starts with "what masses you have where, and where are you spinning it around", and ends with a single number that says how hard it is to change its speed of spinning.
By analogy with other forms of inertia, we name this property, inertia as well. We call it "moment of inertia", because moment is a physics term related to turning, and turning forces. But you can't just take a scale to measure it. You need to calculate it, or measure it compared to some standardised "moment of inertia" objec, like the 1 kg block.
Comment: I said it describes how easy it is for a given force to change velocity. Which is correct. Low inertia -> easy to change velocity. High inertia -> difficult to change velocity. Which I said, see 2nd paragraph. But added 2 bullets so its absolutely clear, as.well.
Comment: You have it all wrong. Inertia is not the **ease** to change speed, on the contrary, it is what **reduces** the change of speed, the acceleration, which is **inversely proportional** to the **inertial mass** When the force is due to gravity, the force is **proportional** to the **gravitational mass**. Einstein Strong Equivalence Principle states the two masses are identical, hence all objects have the same acceleration when the only force is gravitation. But a priori the two masses could be different, as in other theories of gravitation.
Comment: Your bullet says "Higher inertia=harder for  force to move/change it", which is right. But a bit lower you write that "this inertia seems to be the same as the ease they change speed or direction due to gravity" so inertia here is "ease", which is wrong.
Comment: You're reading a direction into something, which there's no basis to do. The ease with which something moves under a force, does indeed seem to be the same ease with which they move under gravity.
Comment: What you are saying in the above comment is that the inertial mass is the same whether the force is due to gravity or to another cause (EM force, for instance) which again, is correct. But the "gravitational mass" is not the **inertial mass in case of force of gravitation**. The "gravitational mass" is the **source of the force of gravitation**. And in principle it need **not** be equal to the inertial mass. It is **in practice**, as per observations. It is **in principle** in General Relativity. It is **not** for other theories of gravitation, but the difference is too small to be detected.


how could we as humans live on planet mercury?

Question: I have some research that it needs a good space suit to protect you from heat and cold but I need more so, what does planet mercury need to sustain life for humans? what could we as humans do to have the things that mercury need to sustain life?
Answer: A scifi trope I've now seen more than once (KSR's Mars trilogy and later works, also Stross' Saturn's Children) is the idea of a habitat on rails that drives around Mercury remaining on the terminator (eg. the night/day boundary). This involves the train being propelled by thermal expansion of the rails caused by sunrise to ensure that the system can operate in an entirely passive and unpowered way, though other means of power would also work (but have different mode of failure).
You'd want plenty of emergency escape boltholes underground where you could be safe from the sun in the event of having to abandon the train. Honestly, cool-factor aside, deep underground is probably the most sensible place to live, and deep underground on Mercury isn't going to be vastly different from being deep underground on any other rocky world, gravity and mineral availability differences aside. Once you're down there, the business of building hollow living spaces, sealing and pressurising them and filling them with stuff you want like air and farms and what have you, isn't going to be uniquely mercurial.
Actually, the most senisble thing to do would be to stay in orbit, probably. Stay on the dark side so your safe from solar radiation. Or just not visit the planet at all, and leave it to the machines. There'll be more pleasant and hospitable places to go, by the time humanity is capable of colonising Mercury.
Comment: mercurial: (of a person) subject to sudden or unpredictable changes of mood or mind.
Comment: mercurian: *Adjective.* of or relating to Mercury (the planet).
Answer: Mercury's axial tilt is only a few degrees so the ideal place to build a base would be at one of the poles. With the sun effectively circling the horizon a modest sized crater would provide areas of perpetual sunlight on the rim, areas of perpetual shade at the bottom and areas where sunlight and shade alternated every 50-60 days or so around the crater walls.
In addition polar craters are believed to contain some water ice
So they would be an absolute go to place for a Mercurian base providing ample heating and cooling, plentiful potential for energy production, water, oxygen and rocket fuel. The crustal rocks are also high in aluminium and silicates that could be used for construction work.
The major problem is getting there at 13 km/s deltaV from low Earth orbit to the surface of Mercury.
Answer: It depends what you mean by sustain life. If you're happy for people to live in sealed environments then this is a feasible, if challenging engineering challenge. Living outside of a sealed environment would be so difficult to be impossible in my opinion.
Mercury is very close to the sun, and spins slowly. This means it is both very very warm (the side currently facing the sun), and then very cold (the side facing away) - varying between -173 Celsius and 427 Celsius. The polar regions are merely a frosty -93 Celsius but at least that is constant due to no major axis tilt.
Thus a Mercury habitat would either need to be able to endure extreme cold(a polar habitat), extreme heat and extreme cold (an equator habitat), or through a different engineering problem neither.
Mercury "rotates" at about 10.8 km/h at the equator. Thus if a mobile habitat were to move at 10.8 km/h along the equator it would remain in the same degree of shadow relative to the Sun. There is some hypothetical point near the terminator of Mercury (ie the point of sunset/sunrise) that is neither too hot or too cold, and would require less insulation / cooling. This is still a very difficult challenge, but another option to consider for a Mercury habitat.
Answer: As mentioned in other answers, living underground is the most likely and plausible means of survival on Mercury.
However, living in a cave is pretty depressing, and fails to take advantage of some of the features of the environment. I would suggest that the colonists would dig a huge shaft at each pole, and cap it with a transparent, radiation prof cover (perhaps a cap of transparent material like diamond with 5 m of water between the plates). A mirror on the surface or in orbit reflects some of the available sunlight through the clear end cap and into the shaft.
The Colonists live in a city which essentially lines the shaft. Here they are protected from solar radiation and the thermal extremes, but have access to abundant sunlight for gardening and living in a pleasant, semi tropical environment. Trees and plants can line the walls in planter boxes, providing both natural colour and providing part pf the ecosystem for the colony. Ice and other elements needed for the life support system can be sent sunwards via mass driver or using a solar sail to kill the orbital velocity around the sun, and these facilities can be located in orbit or on the equator, providing a high level of safety (a missed cargo can crash on the surface without affecting the city). Similarly, mining operations and mass drivers to send metals to the outer solar system are also located on the equator, well away from the dwelling areas. Temporary or semi permanent "camps" can be set up around the machinery for work crews to monitor and repair them, but this will be like living at a mine site or an offshore oil rig, not permanent accommodations.
So living on Mercury is possible, and there are many possible options that future colonists could take.


In SharePoint 2010, is there a way to stop one user from subscribing to list alerts?

Question: For example, when a list is updated, a user can subscribe to the list so they get emails about the changes to the list. I can remove a user from getting those alerts, but the user can simply go back to resubscribe again. I want to stop that user from subscribing to certain lists. Is there a way?
Answer: Create a custom SharePoint Group (call it Restricted Alerts or whatever). Put your user or users into that group.
Create a new permission level where under List Permissions the "Create Alerts" permission is unchecked. This is done by going into Site Permissions | Permission Levels. You can copy an existing permission set and just make that change.
Now give that SharePoint Group that Permission level on those lists.
That should remove their ability to create alerts assuming they are not given some additional permission level via another group or directly in those lists.


How to avoid rsync -b to backing up backup files

Question: I always do a mutual sync by issuing always "rsync -avuzb src dest" and then "rsync -avuzb dest src". If I use "rsync -avuzb  ", already existing files  are renamed to ~ on the destination, due to the b option. Now assume I have two files file and file~ on both, src and dst. The mutual sync now renames file~ to file~~ on each side. Although this is logically correct is is not practically desireble for me, since this means that the ~~~~~-files are piling up at each backup. Is there a way to only have one backup-file?
Answer: Try this additional parameter:
<code>--exclude '*~'
</code>
to make:
<code>rsync -avuzb --exclude '*~' src dst
</code>
Hope that helps.
Answer: There is no problem.  The ~~~ files won't pile up.  On your source folder you would typically have: a.c and a.c~
Nothing else.  Even if both files change many times the rsync folder will only have 3 files: a.c a.c~ a.c~~
Comment: Are you saying that the max number of files is three? So if OP ran that backup once more, he wont have a.c~~~? Which file gets replaced?


Can two Skinshifters affect each other?

Question: If I have two Skinshifters in play, can I use the ability of one to affect the other?  For instance, if one of my Skinshifters has Ice Cage on it, can I use the other Skinshifter's ability to morph the "caged" one, thereby breaking the Ice Cage?
Answer: No, you can't.
Breaking an Ice Cage on a Skinshifter with another Skinshifter's ability won't work for 2 reasons:
First and most straightforward, the Skinshifter's ability does not require a target, and Ice Cage requires the enchanted creature to be targeted by a spell or ability for it to break.
Second, you can use Skinshifter's ability only to change itself, not another Skinshifter.
If a card says "Something happens to CARD NAME", then this always references the card this text is printed on, unless explicitly stated otherwise. If a card references another card by name, the syntax is always something like "A card/creature named XY", for example like Llanowar Sentinel, or Angel's Herald.
The rules for that is this:

201.4. Text that refers to the object it's on by name means just that particular object and not any other objects with that name, regardless of any name changes caused by game effects.
Comment: I would have switched your order. While the first rule you listed may be the most straightforward, the second is the most important. ;)
Comment: AFAIK, the "Text that refers to the object it's on by name" rule has been around since the beginning of the game.
Comment: thanks guys.  Just getting back into it, and the rules have gotten a bit more complicated.

Can two Skinshifters affect each other?


Facebook open graph like button

Question: How do I get the facebook open graph admin button to appear on my website? I've have all of the meta data filled out and have ran it through their linter,
Answer: Use this page to get the code for your Facebook Like button, and then add that code to your page (Assuming you know how to do this. If not, I can help you there).

Facebook open graph like button


How can I hold down in Minecraft whilst tabbed out?

Question: Is there any way I could hold down the mouse button whilst being tabbed out?
My goal is to be able to have multiple windows running at the same time on 1 PC, all of them holding down W and LMB.
Answer: Make sure Minecraft doesn't pause when losing focus. You can do this by hitting F3+P.
Once you did that, you can do the input you want to persist and hit F3+T. This will reload your resources. While you see the loading screen release your input. After Minecraft is done reloading, your input should remain active without pressing anything.

This is pretty useful for AFK Fishing in 1.15 and below as you don't need any macros with this trick.


Is it ethical to keep logs of a relay (whether it's an entry, middle or exit)?

Question: Is it ethical to keep logs of a relay (whether it's an entry, middle or exit)? Or should I not even keep logs to begin with?
Answer: Ethics are all just opinions. I personally do not keep logs, and the general consensus is that you should reduce logging to as much as possible. From Tor's website:

Audit your server's logging configuration and reduce the amount of
  information logged as much as possible. Set your log rotation software
  to delete logs after as short a time as you can manage.
Remember, you can recover deleted files as long as the space has not
  been overwritten. With mildly expensive computer forensics, you can
  recover even multiple pass overwrites.
The best policy is to keep no logs. If you must keep logs, consider
  rotating them and purging the old logs with an overwrite scheme such
  as Peter Gutmann's 35 pass overwrite using special patterns.
EFF's best practices for online service providers
  https://www.eff.org/files/20040819_OSPBestPractices.pdf.
Comment: Ethics are not all just opinions.


Legendre functions $Q_n(x)$ of the second kind

Question: Legendre functions $Q_n(x)$ of the second kind
\begin{equation*}
Q_n(x)=P_n(x) \int \frac{1}{(1-x^2)\cdot P_n^2(x)}\, \mathrm{d}x
\end{equation*}
what to do after this step?
how can I complete ?
I need to reach this formula
\begin{equation*}
Q_n(x)=\frac{1}{2} P_n(x)\ln\left( \frac{ 1+x}{1-x}\right)
\end{equation*}
Comment: You really should add some $\LaTeX$, as I can't read the formulas
Comment: I can not,I do not have more than 10 reputation
Comment: oh well I start the edit and you can check if I did it correct, I gonna upvote afterwards so you can change things
Comment: Do you really need any reputation to edit your own question?
Comment: I tried to edit it, but in everyway i read your question the result is just wrong, $Q_1(x)= \frac{x}{2} \ln\left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}\right) -1 $ and your formula gives something different
Comment: Dominic Michaelis ,thank you. it is correct
Answer: So you want to prove that
$$Q_n(x)= P_n(x) \int^x \frac{1}{(1-x^2) \, \left[P_n(x)\right]^2} \, dx = \frac{1}{2} P_n(x) \ln\left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}\right)$$.
Let's first compute for the case $n=0$, knowing that $P_0(x) = 1$ we would have
$$Q_0(x) = \int^x \frac{1}{(1-x^2)} \, dx = \frac{1}{2} \int \left[\frac{1}{1+x} + \frac{1}{1-x} \right] = \frac{1}{2} \, \ln \left(\frac{1+x}{1-x} \right)$$
where we decomposed the fraction to compute the integral.
Let us now compute for $n=1$, where $P_1(x) = x$.
$$Q_1(x) = x \int^x \frac{1}{(1-x^2)\,x^2} \, dx = \frac{x}{2} \, \ln \left(\frac{1+x}{1-x} \right) - 1$$
where we decomposed the fraction again to compute for the integral.
For $n=2$ we use the same process again, leading us to the result
$$Q_2(x) = \frac{1}{2} P_2(x) \ln \left( \frac{1+x}{1-x} \right) - \frac{3x}{2}$$
So it seems that it only works for $n=0$ and that the true formula is
$$Q_n(x) = \frac{1}{2} P_n(x) \ln \left( \frac{1+x}{1-x} \right) - C_n(x)$$
for some value of $C_n(x)$.

As an alternative you could just use the recurrence formulas for $Q_n(x)$ which are
$$(n+1)Q_{n+1}(x) - (2n+1)x \, Q_n(x) + n \, Q_{n-1}(x) = 0$$
$$(2n+1)Q_n(x) = Q'_{n+1}(x) -Q'_{n-1}(x)$$
To show that
$$Q_n(x) = \frac{1}{2} P_n(x) \ln \left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}\right) - \frac{2n-1}{n}P_{n-1}(x) - \frac{2n-5}{3(n-1)} P_{n-3}(x) - \cdots$$

If you want to read more about the subject then I suggest you take a look at some mathematical physics books like Mathematical Methods for Physicists by Arfken (Some of my friends say that they dumbed down the seventh edition, but I still use the seventh anyways) or Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences by Boas.


How much extra storage space does eCryptFS use?

Question: I'm thinking of using eCryptFS, but I wanted to know how much more disk space is used.
Answer: I did some testing that indicated eCryptfs has a minimum file size of 12,288 bytes, and seemed to add about 8k to larger files (as Colin correctly says).
For example, a file that's 10,485,760 bytes ends up encrypted as 10,493,952 bytes, so increased by 8,192 bytes.
Not significant for large files, but for lots of tiny files (like home configuration files usually are, or some other applications) the size could balloon significantly. Even a 1 byte file becomes 12,288 bytes.

You can just add a new user with sudo adduser --encrypt-home newguy then login (in a terminal if you don't want to log out of your regular user - sudo login) and experiment & compare the different file sizes yourself.
Encrypted files are in /home/.ecryptfs/newguy/.Private/ and (when logged in) the decrypted versions are in /home/newguy/

eCryptFS has some quirks, like long filenames (over ~200 characters) may not work or be truncated, and file permissions may not work so well (chmod seems to report success, but ls keeps listing ----------. If you want a fixed size encrypted container file (or partition) you could use LUKS too/instead.
Answer: Approximately 8K per file for the header information.


How would I create a rolling log on Linux?

Question: I am making a temperature log Python program that saves the CPU temperature to a CSV file every 10 seconds. How would I remove the first, say, 10 lines of the CSV file every month without deleting the file?
Comment: Should be lots of hits if you google.  I'd probably use a random access file.  This question is not Pi specific.
Comment: Alternatively you can use [logrotate](https://www.techrepublic.com/article/manage-linux-log-files-with-logrotate)
Answer: You can load the file into list, remove some indexes, and write it again:
file_name = 'file.csv'

file = open(file_name)
lines = files.readlines()
file.close()

lines[0:10] = []

file = open(file_name, 'w')
file.writelines(lines)
file.close()

You can enhance it a little by saving lines to other file (eg. file_name + '.new') and then move it back under its proper name (os.rename(...)).

HOWEVER its not efficient to rewrite the whole file again.
OS has the potential to truncate the end of any file, but cannot freely truncate the beginning.
Thus, as the example shows, you have to process the whole file manually (load, store and process in memory, write).
I'd suggest to write your chunks of data to different files and then delete the ones that you don't need, or move them to archive, or just ignore them in your program.


Java: Filtering out duplicate events

Question: I was wondering if the following is common for "regular" Java applications when receiving callback/events. Those callbacks may be triggered by user input but also by other means so it is not only related to UI events:
public void handleEvent( @NotNull final SomeEvent e ) {
    final boolean process;
    synchronized ( this ) {
        process = !e.equals(filter);
        filter = e;
    }
    if ( process ) {
        ...
    }
}

Basically under some complicated scheme (very complex UI involving several views of a same model and where the user can modify the model from different screens [like in complex 3D programs]) I've got lots of events firing and I've noticed that I could filter out duplicate events using the above snippet. If an event has been processed and the next event to come is exactly identical to the last processed event (saved in the filter reference), then the event/callback is simply ignored.
It works fine. I was wondering if filtering out duplicate events was a common technique?
Comment: I've never heard of this before, but I don't do a lot of programming in java involving UIs
Answer: Not always, but usually this can be a sign that some elements of the event cascade chain aren't properly detecting that they don't need to send an event.  The classic illustration is a bean setter that generates a PropertyChangeEvent even when the value hasn't changed.
While what you've done will filter these events out, it doesn't address what may be a fundamental underlying issue.
The problem is that these "errors" can combine to form infinite loops.  Extending the bean example above, say you have a UI that resets its editable value based on that bean field... and resetting the UI value will also call the bean setter because proper dupe checking wasn't done there either.  The first time the value is edited and endless loop will occur.
These examples are obvious when they happen but as notification hierarchies get more complicated it becomes harder to track these things down and they potentially occur at more intermittent times.
A good rule of thumb is to make every event generating component as conservative as possible.  In the event (heh) you are receiving notifications from components that you can't control, and will be forwarding your own events also then a filter like the one you've setup may be the only option to prevent the spread of a potentially larger problem than just performance.
Answer: The only thing I can think of is acting on a ListSelectionEvent based on whether the selection is still changing (i.e. the user is still clicking and dragging the mouse) or whether the event represents the "final" selection event; e.g.
public class MyListSelectionListener implements ListSelectionListener {
  public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent evt) {
    // Finished selecting
    if (!evt.getValueIsAdjusting()) {
      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog("Selection Complete!");
    }
  }
}

Answer: Looks like you might have a listener registered twice to the same source.  That could cause it.  Or possibly you've registered a single listener across multiple instances.  If you're seeing strangeness, look for infinite event loops which, unfortunately, because of the way Swing program organize themselves, can happen all too easily.  You'll want to break those listeners apart.
I've never done this sort of thing or encountered it.  As some people point out certain controls will fire events when selections are being adjusted, but there are methods to filter those things out.
The synchronized( this ) block is suspect too since you'll always be called back on the Swing thread.  If that's not true in your program then you are violating Swing's threading rule, and that could explain the problem.  Bottom line is you don't need the synchronized block because Swing is single threaded.
(I'm assuming this is Swing as some other posters have, but from your code alone it's ambiguous).

Java: Filtering out duplicate events


Create a custom page template inside my wordpress plugin

Question: I'm developing a Wordpress plugin and I want to create a file to where I want to redirect the user to show some information.
I know that a perfect solution for this is using Wordpress custom pages. I've used it in the past and it was very useful.
The problem is I can not use custom pages in my plugin. I was wondering if there is any other way to do the same thing we do with pages inside a theme, but inside a plugin.
Does anyone know anything that can help with this issue?
Thanks a lot
Comment: That depends heavily on how your plugin is written.  What type of plugin are you writing?  Is there a custom post type created or can you describe the functionality?  This might be helpful: https://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API/Filter_Reference/single_template
Answer: You will create a page template whose file name is custompage-template.php here I suppose put in in your plugin dir/views/ folder. Whenever the page whose title is Your Page Name is visited, the site will render your custom template
add_filter( 'page_template', 'fw_reserve_page_template' );
function fw_reserve_page_template( $page_template )
{
    if ( is_page( 'Your Page Name' ) ) {

        $page_template = dirname( __FILE__ ) . '/views/custompage-template.php';
    }
    return $page_template;
}

Put it in your plugin file.
Comment: There is a bug in your code. This will fail if the template is not found as there is no fall back for it :-)


Why aren't Cannondale head shocks used anymore?

Question: Cannondale used to make these shocks for mountain bikes and they were pretty common when I rode as a kid. It seems like they have completely phased them out of production. What caused this? Is there something inferior about this technology?
Comment: Note that Specialized has introduced a similar system with their "Future Shock" arrangement on gravel and endurance road bikes.
Comment: @MaplePanda to complete this comment, the main difference with FutureShock is that it is placed above the head tube, not below, so only the rider is suspended, not the bike.
Answer: Cannondale still makes them. Under the form you present, they are only found in urban E-bikes. On MTBs, they evolved into a different form.
One drawback of this design is that the travel needs to be shorter than the head tube length. But MTBs evolved towards longer travel and needed to shorten the head tube to have good geometries. So Cannondale moved the mechanism out of the head tube and created a single leg design now known as the "Lefty" fork (mostly found on their high-range products).
More info here
Comment: @AndrewHenle thankyou, i'm sure you've made a great point, though when you read through the designers interview notes and the history, it doesn't look like your speculation is the real reason. It might be though!
Comment: @AndrewHenle you are in fact wrong -- the surface area on which the forces act is somewhat larger than a traditional fork and the needle bearing system is totally different (and patented) and hasn't yet been copied by anyone else. I believe the maximum travel of the classic headshok is 80mm which is now considered rather a short travel. This is why the design evolved through the Moto FR fork to the Lefty, which all use the same needle bearing system.
Comment: Seems to me that the longer lever arm on the single shock absorber would also make this design shorter-lived/less reliable/heavier.  The fact that it's still used on urban bikes but not MTBs would be consistent with that, with MTBs much more likely to take many more and much harder hits to the front wheel that would try to bend the entire fork backwards.  And also forward - urban bikes won't be doing many landings that would tend to bend the front fork forward.
Comment: @JoeK  So?  That doesn't preclude the longer lever arm being **another** reason for going to fork-mounted shocks.  Given the pivot point for the shocks on these would be the bottom of the head tube, and the pivot point for a fork-mounted shock is MUCH closer to the axle, these shocks would need **at least** twice the surface area because the side forces on the shock from the much longer lever arm would be much higher.
Answer: It is a little difficult to give an answer that distinguishes between the pros and cons of the concept and any untapped potential it might have versus Cannondale's implementation of it.
With its very precise array of needle bearings on a non-round telescoping section, the Cannondale design is successful at being smooth and slop-free, but it's way too expensive and maintenance-intensive for its own good and the benefits it provides. Problems never really went away with how susceptible the design is to tears in the boot, which has a critical role to play in keeping contamination out and lubrication in. If the boot becomes compromised, things go south very quickly and a rebuild is often needed, to an extent where normal riders simply need more margin for error. The tight tolerances that keep Headshock largely free of perceptible slop also make it very easily affected by contamination. Headshock mostly exists/existed to be cute and tell a good visual story on the sales floor. On a practical basis its combination of low travel, marginal damping control, and high maintenance needs were too little benefit at too much cost compared to a conventional fork for mountain bikes and to an appropriately sized and pressurized pneumatic tire for utilitarian/road-going ones.
I won't speak too much to what's good and bad about the design in more abstracted terms. The Cannondale design sacrificed a lot to be very smooth and very free of slop when everything was working right, and also had a lot of proprietary tool, component, and support access hoops to jump through. It's possible to imagine someone taking the concept in a different direction, but difficult to imagine the result being clearly better than just using the right width tire at the right pressure. Note that the period Headshock arose in was basically the apex point for popular tire tire sizes being too narrow for almost every application in cycling, and of the dogma that higher tire pressure is usually better.
Suspension fork designs with one telescoping element like Headshock and Lefty are unaffected by increased stiction when the front wheel is side-loaded, as in cornering. That this is true to some extent compared to a conventional fork is provable and undeniable, and Cannondale loves to make a big deal about it, but the importance of it is highly debatable since loads on a bike track largely in-line while cornering, a fact you can read about in various technical work on bikes but that's easy to work around in marketing material because it's not completely obvious. Going over technical terrain at speed (mountain bike racing) it's not too much of a contrivance to say this effect provides some advantage, but it's a stretch on utilitarian or on-road bikes.
Comment: I've heard a lot of the same comments/concerns about Lefty, mainly the bearing construction and maintenance, whether durability is more important than functionality, etc.  Good points!
Answer: Other answers have covered some technical pros and cons. I will add the original Cannondale company was forced into bankruptcy about 20 years ago and broken into pieces auction off to various buyers, whoever bought the name and bicycle intellectual property started new design and production halfway around the world with completetely different motivations from the original company. So your question is sort of asking why Joe stopped making(or did not restart) Bob's old product.
(The bankruptcy was a disappointment. They had just released a new line of motorcycles[R&D was the reason for taking loans], and they were getting great reviews but they hit the market a few months too late to improve cash flow in time to pay the bills and the creditors were rather inflexible.)
Answer: The Headshok was lighter than similar XC forks of that time and travel such as the Rockshox SID. Short travel is actually useful on a street ebike, especially hardtails. Braking and accelerating at higher speeds in turns changes the steering geometry as the fork travels. The needle bearings probably keep the fork less sticky under braking.
Comment: Hi, welcome to bicycles!  You seem to be describing reasons that they should _still_ be used, instead of explaining why they _aren't_.  Please make sure you're directly answering the question instead of responding to other answers.

Why aren’t Cannondale head shocks used anymore?


How Do You Reach Level 101 in Succubox?

Question: How do you reach level 101? The game says it requires infinity EXP. Thanks.
Comment: @MarcusRommel I do think, they refer [to this](http://www.glaielgames.com/succubox/).
Comment: Can you give us a link to this game? After Reading the Answers, i like to know what it looks like :D
Answer: If you keep "securing" aliens and increase your employee count, eventually all the numbers will grow so large the game can't handle it, and just ends up showing "Infinity". The value necessary is estimated 1.79E+308, which is a bit more than a "fuckloadillion", according to the game.
If you manage your company appropriately, you can reach this number very quickly. Just assign about half your employees to grow your company ("security", space exploration, HR), and the other half to buying and opening loot boxes.
Answer: You have to kill something with the True Gun of Thyself. The infinite damage will give infinite overkill xp. This can be done without cheating. The recipe is:

 1 My Own Merged Soul
 1 Gun
 1 Nothingness
 1 Animosity
 1 Guilt
 1 Honesty
 1 Freedom
 1 Mojo

A similar recipe for the True Sword of Thyself can be obtained by talking to God, but I believe you already have to be level 101 and have your soul still to talk to Him.
Comment: How do you craft using Nothingness, Animosity, etc? They're conscience variables, not actual crafting ingredients.
Comment: @Voltasalt They will show up as crafting items too, at the button is the list, once you reverse fabricate your own soul.
Comment: Unfortunately it seems that infinity ATK does nothing against infinity HP. :-(
Comment: Does that also work in hardmode? When hardmode is activated the enemy HP is something like 'f*ckloadzillion' and you can't hurt them anymore.
Comment: @Ullallulloo To be precise, they show up as long as you still have your soul in the list.
Answer: the simplest way to do it is to open up the Browser's Developer Tools and in the console type
<code>data.level.value = 101
</code>
i have heard people say that when they open the browser's developer tools they get sent to jail. as fredley explains in their comment

The jail check is done with this script: https://github.com/sindresorhus/devtools-detect/blob/gh-pages/index.js, which only checks for the window size changing. It does not trigger if you open devtools in a separate window (undocked).

so keep this in mind if you plan to use this
Comment: also, it's worth noting that if you open console, you can get out of jail instantly by typing `data.jailtimer = 1`
Comment: The jail check is done with this script: [https://github.com/sindresorhus/devtools-detect/blob/gh-pages/index.js](https://github.com/sindresorhus/devtools-detect/blob/gh-pages/index.js), which only checks for the window size changing. It does not trigger if you open devtools in a separate window (undocked).
Comment: @fredley ahhhh, my dev tools winder is never docked so that would explain it
Comment: Thank you, @Ullallulloo. I seem to get sent to jail whenever I go to another tab.
Answer: How to get to level 101? Well you have to go through a number of steps.

Craft using two fabricators, to get a real fabricator. Use that on yourself to get My Own Merged Soul. YOU CAN NOT REUSE YOUR SOUL.
You now need to get the 6 conscience items

Nothingness

You get them from opening boxes and finding nothing inside.

Animosity

You get these by 'employing' others.

Guilt

You get this from gaining profits from the 'employees' (Unsure)

Honestly

Give the Dev some money! (Or don't, but answer the question after you click correctly!)

Freedom

Right click the game, and select 'Inspect'. Go to the Console tab, go to the bottom, and type data.jailtimer=1 (It can be anynumber). The game will send you to hacker jail. At this point, ponder why you are spending so much time on this to the point where you are making/looking at guides online until you get out.

Mojo

Use a fabricator on a Hat.

Now, craft your weapon, equip it, and play Box Quest 2
Note: You can use Nothingness to enter Hard Mode, to do it you need to craft using Nothingness and

 a soul.

Careful, there is NO GOING BACK
Comment: You get guilt by "securing" people/robots/aliens
Comment: How do I *get* Box Quest 2? I am stuck at level 31 because monsters have infinity HP, and even the *True Gun of Thyself* does nothing. I've got several octillion EXP but I need 443 undecillion to level up. At the current rate (even at the current rate increase due to securing aliens) I won't be able to reach that before the heat death of the Universe (out of game).
Comment: Well my guesstimate was somewhat off (Universe still around, level 36). But I'd still be interested in getting that second box quest. I need those sweet extensions.
Comment: @KonradRudolph Grinding is red herring. You level by assigning most of your *gintilion company to buying and opening boxes.
Comment: @Agent_L Yeah, I figured that out, and reached level 101. At which point the game ended. And I still don't have Box Quest 2. :-(
Comment: @KonradRudolph Game ends when you buy Fulfillment. If you don't buy it, you eventually get to the Box Quest 2.
Comment: You don't need any hacking to gain freedom. You can get to jail by buying boxes via PayPal and lying about it at first, then few hours later when Cyber Police comes, answer truthfully (that you've lied) and you get jailed. Then wait one hour and voila.

How Do You Reach Level 101 in Succubox?


Can I use a SMPS for powering pi and sensors connected to it

Question: BME280, BMA180 and BMP180 are the sensors that I am going to connect with pi via I2C. Can I use SMPS for powering both pi and sensors (as a common power source). If yes, how can it be done?
voltage range of sensors is around 3.3V and current drawn is around 600 micro Amps
Answer: All commonly sold wall-warts are switching power supplies these days, so you are not doing anything out of the ordinary. You can power the 3.3V sensors from the 3.3V pin on the GPIO header. Search the documentation for the maximum current you can draw, but a few milliamps are definitely safe.