What actually is superposition?

Question: What does superposition actually mean? Can something like an atom actually be in two different states at once or do we just not know which state it is in? Also, how can our act of observing something force it to "decide" (whatever that means) which state it is in? What controls this randomness?
Comment: "Superposition" is a synonym for "sum". If you are asking whether an atom can be in two states zat once, you haven't understood what "state" means.
Comment: I don't know why this question is being downvoted. IMHO it does reflect the beginner's confusion about quantum mechanics fairly well. It does pose a serious challenge, of course. There is no simple and accurate answer to any of the questions. One basically already has to know quantum mechanics to understand the correct answers.
Comment: Your answer is here https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/211528/226902 and here https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/211476/226902
Comment: If you hit the "c" key on the piano really hard you get the note c .... but you also get some c of the next octave up and some c of the next next octave up etc etc.  The vibrating string is vibrating at multiple frequencies ... it's in superposition.
Answer: Superposition is a mathematical property, nothing more.  It is a property of linear operators.  Simple addition($+$) and multiplication($\cdot$) are examples of linear operators.  A linear operator $f$ has the following property:  for any two values $X$ and $Y$, and any two scalar constants $a$ and $b$, $f(aX + bY) = a f(x) + b f(y)$.  Any linear operator shares this property.
As for quantum mechanics, there's nothing physically "special" about superposition.  A particle is in the state it is in.  Nothing more, nothing less.  And the operators that describe its evolution over time are simply the operators.  Nothing more, nothing less.  However, we observe that many of the operators we care about are indeed linear.  This means they obey the above property.
This is a convenience for calculation.  It means that whenever we see a $f(aX, bY)$, we can replace it with $a f(x) + b f(y)$ in the same way we can replace $2+3$ with $5$ to simplify an algebraic equation.  By very cleverly choosing our $X$ and $Y$, we can make the computation simpler.  For instance, for a complicated linear operator, computing $f([5, 7])$ might be difficult, but if we break it apart into $f(5 [1, 0] + 7 [0, 1])$, we can leverage the superposition principle to say that that is equal to $5f([1, 0]) + 7f([0, 1])$  Often the behavior of these operators is much easier to understand for simple orthogonal inputs, like $[1, 0]$ and [0, 1]$.  Indeed, in many cases the equations start to look like the classical ones that we are used to.
And therein lies the rub with superposition.  It almost makes things too easy to understand.  It turns complicated quantum realities into classical problems and that leads us to believe the particle "is in two classical states," and then we have to try to grapple with what that even means.  More accurately, the particle is in one quantum state ("it's state"), and that state is mathematically equivalent to two classical-looking states.
This is similar in nature to the famous particle/wave duality.  It doesn't say that a particle is sometimes a classical particle and sometimes a classical wave.  It says that a particle is always a quantum wave, and in the extremes that quantum wave can act either like a classical particle or act like a classical wave, depending on the circumstances.  But never once did it stop behaving as a quantum wave.  Trying to think about when the particle stopped being a classical wave and started being a classical particle only leads to confusion.
Answer: There is a difference between a classical state and a quantum state.
In classical mechanics, you specify the state of a particle by giving its position and momentum. Each of these is a vector. The set of all positions is a vector space. Likewise the set of all momenta.
The important property of vectors is that you can break a vector into components that add up to the vector. You can do this many different ways. You can calculate the potential energy of a particle from its vector position. Or you can choose a way to break it into components, calculate the potential energies for each component, and add the energies together.
In quantum mechanics, you specify a wave function. The wave function tells you everything about the position and momentum. It doesn't tell you as much as the classical state. And this is correct because an electron or photon doesn't have a position or momentum like a classical point particle does. It is spread out over a range of positions and a range of momenta.
Spread out means something entirely different than in a classical world. It is not like a classical gas, where some part of it is in each position. The electron has two properties that would contradict each other in any classical universe. It is something like a classical point and something like a classical wave, but not really either one.
An electron is an indivisible point with no internal parts. In the double slit experiment, when it hits the screen it hits one atom. Never two or more. It can hit a single target far smaller than an electron. Nobody has found targets so small that an electron can't hit just one. If it has a size, so far it is too small to measure.
While in flight, it is spread out in a non classical way. A part of the electron in one place never repels a part in another. There are no parts. If you block the slits with detectors to how it was going to go through both, it only hits one detector. If you unblock them, you must conclude it goes through both like a wave to account for the pattern on the screen.
For lack of a good way to say it, the wave function describes the "amount of presence" the point particle has at each position. From the wave function, you can calculate the probability that it will hit different points on the screen. It is more likely to hit where it has more "presence".
In quantum mechanics, you often start with a particle in one state, do something to the particle, and find the new state of the particle. Doing something is mathematically represented by an operator, a function that that takes an initial state as input and produces a final state as output. For example in the double slit experiment, it is possible to find an operator that takes the wave function at the back of chamber and produces the wave function at the screen.
For the double slit, this function cannot do what a similar classical function might do. It cannot take a single position and velocity that a particle might have at the back of the chamber to a single position and velocity at the screen.
It needs the whole wave to produce the outcome at the screen. All the positions in the back where the point like electron has some "presence" affect each point where it has "presence" at the screen.
The wave function is a vector. It can be broken into components in many different ways. You can choose how to break it into components, do something to each each component to get new states, and add the new states. This will add to the same state from doing something to the total wave function.
When people say a particle is in a superposition of states, they mean the state of a particle is the sum of those states.
For example, one way to break the wave function into components is known as the position basis. Each component describes a particle as totally present at one point and $0$ presence everywhere else. The wave function for this is a delta function. The uncertainty principal says that such a particle can have any momentum at all.
Another way is the momentum basis. A component is a wave function that describes an electron with a single momentum. The uncertainty principle says that such a particle can be at any position at all.
When an electron is in a superposition of states from the position basis, it simply means it is in the state you get by adding all those components.
One of the problems with quantum mechanics is that the idea of operators taking the particle from one state to another only works up to a certain point. In the double slit experiment, that point is where the electron hits the screen. When that happens, the electron hits an atom and enters a new state. Theory does not predict which atom will be hit. It does not predict the new state of the electron. It just gives probabilities. This is called the collapse of the wave function.
This is not a shortcoming of theory. Theory matches reality. There is no way to predict which atom will be hit. It is random.
Comment: A wave function doesn't tell us anything about the system. It tells us something about all possible measurement outcomes that we can get on the ensemble of the system. Electrons are also not point-like. They are not even things. Quanta are irreversible energy, momentum, angular momentum and charge exchanges.
Answer: A quantum mechanical system is in a known state immediately after an observation or when it's in its ground state. Why is that? Because "a measurement" removes a known amount of energy from the system and in the ground state the system is in the lowest possible energetic state. Either way we can "know" how much energy the system has left. Because of energy conservation the energy of the system can't change, unless we remove or add energy without making a measurement. This can happen if we let the system interact with another system that is not a "measurement system". In practice this "other system" is often just the physical vacuum and one of its fields like the electromagnetic field. Imagine an atom that is in an excited state. If we just let it "sit there", it will, eventually, emit light, which means it will send out a quantum of energy. If we don't detect this quantum, then we don't know any longer if the atom is still in the excited state or if it has returned into its ground state.
In general we can't know the state with certainty even in these most simple scenarios (like a single atom in vacuum) and we have to consider all possible states that it could be in. This is why we have to allow for a "superposition". A new measurement will again remove a known quantity of energy and only then we can know with perfect certainty what state the system is in.
At least that is the trivializing physical picture. There are a number of mathematical complications that are being covered by the theory, but at the end of the day "knowing" in physics means knowing the possible energy exchanges that can happen between systems.
Answer: In quantum mechanics, the state of a system satisfies an equation of motion such as the Schrodinger equation. If you have two solutions of the Schrodinger equation for a system and you add them together the sum is also a solution. One component of the sum may look a bit like a particle in position $x$ while another looks like a particle in position $y$. So then the state superficially looks like a particle is in two places at once. There is a controversy over what this means that is commonly described as being about the interpretation of quantum theory.
If you dim a laser beam enough then a suitably sensitive detector will sometimes go off and sometimes remain dark, so the light you can detect comes in chunks called photons.
If you shine the laser beam on a suitably narrow pair of slits in an opaque screen and measure the number of photons arriving at each point on a screen on the other side you will see a pattern of light and dark bars when enough photons have arrived at the detectors. If you introduce more slits the arrangement of light and dark bars will change. Some places that were previously light will become dark and vice versa. This effect is called quantum interference. These patterns continue to be present if you dim the laser beam so that less than one photon at present in the experiment at a time on average. Now consider a point on the screen that would be light with two slits and dark with four slits. Something has to be coming through the additional slits that prevents a photon from arriving at a dark point on the screen. So unless we're going to give up on explanation entirely we have to conclude that the solutions described by the Schrodinger equation represent something real. That real thing is blocked by opaque material and can pass through an empty slit. And if we do other experiments with lenses or filters or mirrors or whatever that thing acts like a photon. It even acts like a photon if you put a detector that absorbs photons in front of the slit: it acts like the slit is blocked and the pattern on the screen changes accordingly. So then this "dark" photon is interacting with something that looks like the detector we put in front of the slit. So there has to be "dark" detector we don't see that goes off. And that dark detector is connected to a dark computer that records whether the detector goes off and so on. So there are whole dark universes full of detectors and computers and people setting those things up. This is commonly called the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics (MWI). For reasons that are unclear this is controversial but the MWI is just a straightforward implication of the theory and it is the only existing explanation of experiments like the one I described above and many others. For a longer version of this argument see "The Fabric of Reality" by David Deutsch, Chapter 2.
When you observe an experimental result, you don't force the system to decide what state is in. Rather, after the experiment there is one version of you for each of the possible measurement results. This looks random because because before the experiment there is no single fact of the matter about what state you will be in and so there is no way to predict what state you will be in. You don't see the other versions of the system you're measuring because copying information out of a system prevents interference, which is how different versions of a system interact, see
https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.2189
Comment: MWI is completely false. All you have to do to know that is to read Everett's thesis. His second sentence is already false and his argument never recovers from that mistake.
Comment: @FlatterMann What is happening in reality to produce the results of single particle interference experiments?
Comment: There is no such thing as "single particle interference". That is merely a very poor mental model. In general, even in classical physics "interference" is not actually a physical interaction. It's a property of linear systems that are free of self-interaction that allows for wave-like solutions to traverse the bulk without being scattered.
Comment: @FlatterMann You haven't provided an explanation or a link to an explanation.
Comment: I simply tell people to read the second sentence in Everett's thesis. I leave it up to them to compare it carefully both to the theory of quantum mechanics and all known quantum mechanical experiments. That's work that everybody has to do on their own to "understand" what is actually going on here. I can't create that understanding in people's minds. I do admit that one has to think very carefully about all of this... way more so than is usually required in the rushed QM 101 lectures that are the starting and the endpoint for most physicists as far as QM is concerned.
Comment: Can you give an example where you think the second sentence in Everett's thesis is incompatible with a known QM experiment?
Comment: Absolutely everywhere. The wave function is not a description of a single quantum mechanical system. It's a description of an ensemble of such systems (just not the most general ensemble). If you ever wondered why Everett ends up with an infinity of worlds: this is the solution to that "mystery". He starts with the description for an infinite number of measurements and interprets it as description of a single measurement. He is simply mistaking the forest for the single tree.
Comment: An experiment has to be set up. Setting up the experiment requires that you should have an account of what is happening in reality in that experiment. Without such an account there can be no such thing as setting up the experiment wrongly because you have provided no link between the equations of motion and what is happening in the experiment. So your claim that the Everett interpretation contradicts experiment and your theory doesn't makes no sense since you have admitted that you can't explain the results of experiments.
Comment: Everett simply contradicts the definition of wave function and any and all observations. Nobody has ever seen even one additional universe. All we have ever seen is a single universe that is trivially capable of irreversible energy transfers. In other words... it's not even science.
Comment: "Nobody has ever seen even one additional universe." Nobody has ever seen a tyrannosaurus. Nobody has ever seen the core of the sun. So by your criterion neither of those things can play any role in any scientific explanation.
Comment: No offense, but you may want to look up solar neutrino astrophysics experiments and solar oscillation.

What actually is superposition?


How does Google Scholar's "Sort by Date" work?

Question: Why does Google Scholar's "Sort by Date" feature give you a completely different number of papers? I'm not speaking about approximation, like here, I'm speaking of real numbers being 1000 times different.
If I search "genome sequence homomorphic encryption" (any time, sort by relevance, all the words,) I obtain about 5,030 papers. If I change to sort by date I obtain... 3 papers. Literally 3. Google Scholar changes my query to "genome sequence "homomorphic encryption" " (I mean, it puts "" before and after homomorphic encryption, searching for the whole expression instead of separate words). I can manually change the query to be the same as before, by either changing it directly or crafting the URL, but the number of papers remains 3.
I can change to "Everything" instead of "Only abstract" (I don't get why this option appears only when I set "sort by date", but whatever) and I get 724 results (or 596 if I use the modified query it automatically does).
I mean, it is not an approximation, it is simply a different set. Completely. As far as I can tell it simply takes the papers from the last 364 days, but I don't know for sure.
Moreover, the results aren't accurate. With sort by relevance, by adding the constraint "Since 2021", I get 281 results. Among the 724 results I obtain using the "sort by date" search, around 215 (and surely less than 220) are from less than 112 days ago, meaning that I have lost about 60 results in this way (it is more than 25%, it is huge).
Why? Like, it is completely idiotic. It should be very simple, the normal research contains the date, it is a very easy sorting to do. It is not like it does not know the date or it is unable to find it. And, more importantly is there a way to change it/use a workaround?
Comment: Related: [Google scholar "sort by date" returns articles from last year only?](https://academia.stackexchange.com/q/67295/68109)
Answer: This is probably related to SEO associated with the .pdf file or webpage. These are basically "hidden metadata" used by Google to index its pages and know in which research by the user it should appear. If it has a date, Google will index it on "sort by date" by ascending order. If not, it will be excluded from this filter, as he cannot rank lack of information.


Running wire in wall between floors

Question: I am running a wire from my attic, through second story wall, down to first story. I cut a small hole in the second story wall to drill through the floor but I am hitting something about 10 inches down. Any idea what this is? It sounds like wood.
Should I get a longer bit and keep drilling?
 There is a set of stairs on the other side of the wall as well.
Comment: If you drilled through the bottom plate at the 2nd floor, you most likely hit the top plate or something really bad that will blow the house up. Never drill with out knowing what is on the other side first.
Answer: It boggles my mind when folks ask questions like this. How is anybody on the internet, supposed to know what's in your wall? We don't know where you live, what your house is made of, the layout of the house, "10 inches down" from what, etc.  Any answer somebody provided would be a guess, at best.
The only way to know for sure what it is, is to open up the wall and look.

If it's ~10" down from the second story floor, it's quite possibly the top plate of the wall below (that would assume 10" or 12" joists). Unfortunately, there's no way to guarantee that without looking. Happy drilling Bruh!
Comment: Thanx for the response Bruh.10 inches down from second story floor. Is it usual to have a fireblock this high up the wall? Fully aware any answer is a guess.
Answer: Water pipe was the correct answer. Please be on the look out for upcoming new threads for this.

Running wire in wall between floors


How are neutron refractive indices calculated?

Question: I have been informed of the fact that neutrons refract similarly to light in accordance to Snell's Law. How would one calculate the refraction index for a neutron?
Comment: A duplicate of a question asked a week ago. While that one is unanswered, a comment there points the way to various papers on the topic.
Comment: Are you truly interested in *calculation* qua calculation, or is it sufficient to say how they are determined? Because the optical index of refraction for real materials is determined experimentally, and efforts to calculate them from first principles are used to validate the models on which the calculations are based. And I imagine the situation is the same in neutron refraction.
Answer: We use the Fermi pseudopotential.
The interaction of a free neutron with a free nucleus can be summarized by the effective scattering length of the interaction.  For simple probabalistic reasons (explained nicely by Golub, Richardson, and Lamoreaux) most neutron-nucleus scattering lengths are positive, and so we can think of a nucleus as "a thing that pushes neutrons away from itself a little."
The pseudopotential is just the sum of all the tiny repulsions from all the individual nuclei.  For neutron mass $m$, scattering length $b$ from a nucleus at $\vec r_i$, the psuedopotential which reproduces the scattering length without any neutron-nucleus details is
$$
V_i = \frac{2\pi\hbar^2}{m}b\cdot\delta^{(3)}(\vec r - \vec r_i).
$$
You find yourself in the domain of neutron optics when the neutron wavelength $\lambda$ is long relative to the spacing between atoms.  In that case the neutron doesn't distinguish between nearby scatters, and the pseudopotential becomes
$$
V_F = \frac{2\pi\hbar^2}{m}bN
$$
where $N$ is the number density of the scatterers.
A neutron which passes from vacuum ($V_F=0$) to some medium with $V_F\neq0$ will effectively see a one-dimensional step potential, with some probabilities for reflection and transmission.  The transmitted neutron will generally ($V_F>0$) have a slower speed than the incident/reflected neutrons.  I'll let you work out that the index of refraction with momentum $\vec p = \hbar \vec k$ is
$$
n \approx 1-\frac{2\pi Nb}{k^2}
$$


Does masturbating WHILE bathing/ghusl invalidate the bath?

Question: Masturbation invalidates the Taharat. Will doing it while bathing invalidate the bath/ghusl  ?
Answer: Ghusl is only valid if it was performed after the reason for which it was ordered. Allah the Almighty says :

...
And if you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves.... (5:6)

Here the Arabic original uses the past form and says:

وإن كنتم جنبا فاطهروا

So "are" is rather "were" and the emphasize is on what happened earlier. As the verb كان always refers to a past (or something which has already started).
This means one first has to have a wet dream or intercourse (legal or illegal) or semen emission ("many" not pre cum "madhy"!) from whatever reason (this includes masturbation) or the menses or child bed bleeding ended before starting to do ghusl. If any or some of these happens (or more exactly was started) during a ghusl, this ghusl is invalid (because a new cause of ghusl has emerged) and must be restarted.
So in your case your ghusl is only valid if you started it (newly) after masturbation.
Answer: If mani was released ghusl is obligatory if madhiy was realesed then wudu is obligatory for becomming ritually pure. Also mastrbuation is haram beccause of clear evidence Masturbation (for both men and women) is haraam (forbidden) in Islam based on the following evidence: First from the Quraan: Imam Shafii stated that masturbation is forbidden based on the following verses from the Quraan (interpretation of the meaning): "And those who guard their chastity (i.e. private parts, from illegal sexual acts). Except from their wives or (the captives and slaves) that their right hands possess, - for them, they are free from blame. But whoever seeks beyond that, then those are the transgressors." 23.5-7 Here the verses are clear in forbidding all illegal sexual acts (including masturbation) except for the wives or that their right hand possess. And whoever seeks beyond that is the transgressor. "And let those who find not the financial means for marriage keep themselves chaste, until Allah enriches them of His bounty." 24.33. This verse also clearly orders whoever does not have the financial means to marry to keep himself chaste and be patient in facing temptations (including masturbation) until Allah enriches them of His bounty. Secondly, from the sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him): Abdullaah ibn Masood said, "We were with the Prophet while we were young and had no wealth whatsoever. So Allaahs Messenger said, "O young people! Whoever among you can marry, should marry, because it helps him lower his gaze and guard his modesty (i.e. his private parts from committing illegal sexual intercourse etc.), and whoever is not able to marry, should fast, as fasting diminishes his sexual power." Bukhari:5066. The hadeeth orders men who are not able to marry to fast despite the hardship encountered in doing so, and not to masturbate despite the ease with which it can be done. There are additional evidences that can be cited to support this ruling on masturbation, but due to the limited space we will not go through them here. Copy pasted from islamqa most trusted islamic web.
Comment: Copy-paste=plagiarism we don't support plagiarism (see in our meta [here](https://islam.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/193/what-to-do-about-plagiarism?) and  [here](https://islam.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/953/the-copy-paste-issue-revisited)). It is further not our intention to be a copy of islamqa! If you are able to answer then answer in your own words and support your claims by adding quotations for your evidences and sources and link and distinguish them clearly from your own words. See also [answer].


Security testing alternatives on MacOS

Question: Is it possible/feasible to set up a hacking machine that rivals a distribution like Kali Linux on MacOS, or will it never be possible for MacOS to rival a distribution like Kali in terms of hacking tools and functionality from CLI?
Comment: There should be no inherent limit in what MacOS (or probably even Windows) can do in order to offer similar capabilities. This does not mean that it is trivial and depending on what functionality you exactly need even writing OS drivers to support specific hardware might be needed. Anyway, I don't see this question really as asking about an information security problem, i.e. don't feel it is on-topic here.
Comment: All the tools in Kali are open source and from sources that are not unique to the Kali maintainers.
Comment: @schroeder is there any way I could send you an individual message or email with a query?
Answer: You have to understand the difference between Operating System and Applications/Utilities and also concept of Open-Source. Kali Linux is based on Debian (Linux O/S) and comes with many pre-installed security testing tools. Offensive Security who maintains the Kali Linux project can tweak the source code, if need be to accommodate different tools. For example, Kali also has a custom-built kernel that is patched for 802.11 wireless injection (Refer this). This is not possible with closed-source MacOS, unless Apple Inc. decides to do so. Said that, I easily find installers for most common tools for MacOS as well, if it's popular. However, you can always use Kali Linux as a Virtual Machine over MacOS.
Comment: My follow up question would be is there a package or tool for macOS that targets cell phone vulnerabilities. I already have Kali dual booted and it does its job in terms of computer to computer pentesting.
Comment: I have used Genymotion Android emulator on MacOS. However it's just provides an interface and doesn't check for vulnerabilities.
Comment: Hmm ok. This attack was done to me and I am trying to figure out how it happened. Fair enough.

Security testing alternatives on MacOS


Where are the project managers?

Question: Doesn't seem like any project managers are on this site anymore.  Heavy IT presence and clearly not managers or leaders.  Is this site evolving to IT-centric concepts?
Comment: Hey David, do you have any thoughts on how to attract more PM's?  Do you have examples of good PM questions the community can look at to try and understand the types of questions you're most interested in?  Perhaps sharing those questions and answers with colleagues, clients, and stakeholders can help draw in more expertise?
Comment: Possible duplicate of [This site feels too software-development centric](http://meta.pm.stackexchange.com/questions/584/this-site-feels-too-software-development-centric)
Comment: Related: [Should this be an Agile/Scrum Questions stack exchange?](http://meta.pm.stackexchange.com/q/763/4271)
Comment: http://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/18313/advice-needed-on-managing-parallel-projects-at-different-detail-levels
Comment: In MHO this is a crucial question. I am trying to give some suggestion about @jmort253 concern. Project Managers (agile, waterfall, etc.) want to exchange experience, tips, and recommendations about what is the best practices or tools for doing something. My understanding is that this kind of debate is limited due some site rules (or a strict interpretation of some rules), such like shopping question.  [Here](https://pm.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/811/shall-this-site-have-an-specific-definition-of-shopping-question) I posted a question related to it.
Answer: I partially agree with you. Partially because my feeling is that there's a lot of Agile-oriented discussion @ PMSE, and Agile is more often used in Software development (although could be successfully used in other areas as well).
Is it a problem? I don't think so, so long we're addressing the questions the audience is asking. We'd have a problem if we are answering questions only from an Agile-oriented perspective and mindset (which I don't think it'd be the case).
Cheers
Comment: Does agile replace PM?  Seems to me agile is a SW development methodology but does not replace PM.  There seems to be a lot of agile mantras that are inconsistent with PM and management approaches in general.
Comment: I don't think agile would replace PM at all - they are covering different purposes, IMHO.
Comment: I think the question is valid regardless of the Project Lifecycle type
Answer: PMSE Exists to Answer Questions Asked
In answer to David's original question, disparaging IT project management as somehow not being "real" project management is not productive. The site supports the existence of many types of project management in any number of domains. There's nothing stopping manufacturing or construction PMs from posting questions here, except perhaps the culture in those domains of practice.
If you have questions about non-IT project management, ask them. Otherwise, the people who do have questions (many of which will be about creative or knowledge-based projects like software development) will dominate simply because they are actively participating in the community. It isn't exclusionary; it's simply a matter of who's showing up and asking questions.
Agile Project Management Is "A Real Thing"
In further response to this comment:

Does agile replace PM? Seems to me agile is a SW development methodology but does not replace PM. There seems to be a lot of agile mantras that are inconsistent with PM and management approaches in general.

I would point out that "agile" isn't a framework or a methodology. However, agile frameworks like Scrum or Kanban are project management methodologies that can successfully replace more traditional controls in a variety of domains besides software. See Toyota Production System as an example.
Assuming that "inconsistent with PM" really means inconsistent with legacy models of project management, this is really a different issue. Plenty of agile projects exist within a larger governance framework, and there are still types of projects where non-agile frameworks are used, and some where they are even a better fit. As long as there is a valid use case for them, project management methodologies will continue to coexist and even proliferate. One size does not fit all.
However, methodologies do have lifecycles, and are subject to the Darwinism of the marketplaces of business and of ideas. Just because a methodology is new doesn't mean it's better, but just because a methodology has been around a long time doesn't mean it must continue to be practiced. In my opinion, there are domains where legacy project management techniques will dominate for a long time to come, but the writing is on the wall for non-agile systems in manufacturing, research, business process re-engineering, creative development, and (of course) software development.
Summary
If you don't think Scrum, Kanban, or Lean Systems are real project management frameworks, this post won't change your mind. However, I have personally managed projects solely with agile frameworks, and find them significantly more effective than traditional methods in all the myriad domains and sectors where I work. YMMV.
Comment: I'm gonna chip in here as I find this subject fascinating- though perhaps we should move it to Chat... I tend to align to David's view as, aside from this one instance of CG, I see every other Agile practitioner acting as if the Agile software delivery *is* the whole of the project and they just don't seem to "get" that there is a world of project delivery outside and wrapped around the software delivery. CG seems to be a lone exception to this so far and therefore I would like to explore this more if possible? Is Scaled Agile a thing, or a convenient shorthand? Google is my friend, will check
Comment: @DavidEspina "Doesn't seem like any project managers are on this site anymore" and "There seems to be a lot of agile mantras that are inconsistent with PM and management approaches in general" are direct quotes from you. The use of "PM" as  distinct from agile frameworks connotes that other frameworks delegitimizes them as project management frameworks. I address this in my post above, while taking some pains to assume that it wasn't your direct intent. It's okay to point out cognitive bias, but it's important that we all remember that we are *all* project management practitioners.
Comment: Actually @DavidEspina, there are thoughts from the Agile community about org design. Conways Law comes to mind (Software architecture ends up looking like your org, so structure your org to look like your desired architecture). Michael Feathers has talked about Full Spectrum teams/developers, where devs do "business" things (like market research) and they teach their business partners about code. The Spotify model also comes to mind. I wouldn't be so quick to write off Agile Software Development. Just as we shouldn't be quick to write off traditional PM.
Comment: Oh Christ @DavidEspina... I was trying to be friendly. Never mind.
Comment: I don't think I said IT PM is not real PM, nor implied it.  I am noticing, however, a dismissal of other PM concepts by those heavily involved in Agile as being wrong, old school, or something else.  I see the opposite occurring here.  I have no issue with Agile methods or anything else that is new.  I like to see evolution in this area.  However, I do see those that follow Agile dismissing everything else wholesale.
Comment: @DavidEspina I agree that it isn't always a perfect fit for such projects, but I am personally experienced with using scaled agile and lean to do business process re-engineering. I'm definitely not saying that the average Scrum practitioner could do it well, or that Scrum is a better fit than some other framework for such projects, but agile frameworks really aren't just for software development. It just often happens that software is where the most vocal elements of the agile community are. :)
Comment: The folks participating here, I think, refer to themselves as scrum master or something like that.  On IT projects that I work, where we use Agile for product development, our projects are much larger than that.  The development team is just one of many teams that are engaged so agile is only one method at play.  By PM, I am talking about the individual managing the entire team, which includes other components like training, org design, org change, business process design, documentation or knowledge management development, PMO, etc.
Comment: So my intent it NOT to delegitimatize agile.  I think it is a fine method for product development and enhancement.  But I am talking about the larger project, where I don't think agile lives.  I have never seen an agile approach on, say, organization design.  Not sure how that would / could work.
Comment: It's interesting @RubberDuck that, as you discuss org design, you are focused on developers and they may participate in business things or teach code.  I am talking about the big organization design, the functional business units, sales, legal, HR or whatever the new term is for that.  IT folks seems to be very IT centric, as if the business is there because of them, not the other way around.  And Agile seems to follow this, at least in my observation working for the largest IT company in the world.
Comment: You are right, @rubberduck, I was out of line. My apologies. Been annoyed with this topic so I read into your message incorrectly.

Where are the project managers?


SYnaptics wants to redownload already downloaded deb packages

Question: I recently reinstalled Ubuntu 14.04 on my laptop from scratch. Now, after installing system, I wanted to update the system as well as install other applications which I use.
So, I did an sudo apt-get update an then installed Synaptic.
Thereafter, I marked all upgrades and made a download script through Synaptic. Next, I searched and marked all the applications I want to install and generated other download script.
Next, I went to my brother's system having high speed net connectivity and downloaded applications as per both scripts, totaling 1619 deb files of around 900 MBs. Then, I took this whole deb file folder to my laptop and tried to install them through Synaptic [files>add downloaded packages].
But, Synaptic, showed it still needs to download ~65 MB of files. So, I proceeded with the install and then canceled as soon as it started downloading files. So, it showed a windows, stating which files it wanted to download. When, I inspected the files, I found that I already have those packages, though I have 64 bit version, and Synaptic wanted 32 bit. I however still copied them in a txt file and downloaded them again via my another PC. Came back, made a consolidated folder and retried to install them through Synaptic.
Now, it again showed it wants to download around ~66 MB of files. So, I repeated the above stated process to find out which files do it still needs. This time, I noticed that it wants to download files, which are already downloaded and are in that consolidated folder.
I cleared apt-cache, but still the same result. I moved those 'problematic' deb files to another folder and this time tried to install them only specifically, but synaptic just seems not to see anything in that folder.
So, my questions are:

Why is this happening and how to resolve it? Why it want to download those files, when they are already downloaded.
Why do Ubuntu install some 32 bit versions on a 64 bit machine, even when 64 bit versions' deb are available.
Answer: I had the same problem as you and the only way to resolve it was to use dpkg. Thus, all packages that were already downloaded were installed and Ubuntu did not ask to download them again. I hope it helps you.
With regard to the 32-bit libraries, Ubuntu installs to ensure compatibility with other programs or processes that may need them. I also think it's a waste of space, but anyway...


Nefesh HaChaim - Edition

Question: Can someone recommend an edition of Nefesh HaChaim? I am looking for a nice edition with clear type and explanatory notes.
Comment: When asking these questions, it would be helpful to specify if English or Hebrew
Comment: Nefesh Hatzimtzum
Answer: I am unclear if you are looking for Hebrew or English. If the latter, then Avinoam Fraenkel has translated the entirety of Nefesh Hachaim (unlike some of the other translations which skip content or full chapters).
His translation, Nefesh Hatzimtzum comes out in two volumes and has lots of commentary, explanations and massive amount of footnotes. It is extremely clear and well-done. Volume 1 has the full translation, volume has related writings and a long essay on the concept of tzimtzum. Volume 1 has the full Hebrew text as well (newly typeset in perfect font). See the haskamot on the site as well.
Happy to share some page pictures if helpful.
Other translations into English include R Avraham Yaakov Finkel's (but there is no Hebrew and no translation of the Kabbalistic matters) and Eliezer Lipa Moskowitz's which is more complete and includes facsimiles of the 1837 edition (in ktav Rashi).
Answer: I have this edition at home - the print is very clear and it has an explanatory commentary entitled U'vecharta Bachaim - you can see sample pages here.
However I have also seen this version which is very nice with a commentary by Rabbi Yisrael Eliyahu Weintraub called Biyur Yiras Chaim. You can see samples here.
Finally when searching further, you might be interested in this edition which has explanations entitled Peirush Meir HaEtz from Rabbi Yehoshua Lipschitz - see samples here
Comment: Very helpful. Thank you!
Answer: Sefaria offers the online English-version of Nefesh HaChayim from Rabbi Chaim of Volozhin. I would recommend the version/translation called "The Soul of Life, translated by Leonard Moskowitz, Teaneck, NJ 2012 [Rev. 1.5]". You can choose this by clicking on "translations".
See also this related post: English Translation of Rabbi Chaim Volozhin's Nefesh ha-Chaim?

Nefesh HaChaim - Edition


Web Analytics - List Items

Question: I have a list of 50 faqs.  Is there a way to pull the number of times an faq is accessed in Sharepoint 2010. If so how.
Answer: SharePoint auditing allows tracking of various activities for users, such as Viewing, Check-In, Deleting, etc. (have a look here https://www.nothingbutsharepoint.com/sites/itpro/pages/how-to-enable-audit-functionality-in-sharepoint-2010.aspx or http://office.microsoft.com/en-001/sharepoint-server-help/configure-audit-settings-for-a-site-collection-HA102031737.aspx).
In practice, you have different levels to enable audition, such at the level of either Content Types (strong recomand to use those!) or list/libraries via the Information Management Policies or simply at the site collection level.
But enabling this should also be accompanied by planning, as it does get enabled at Site Collection level and generates a lot of data, with regards to what kind of events are you monitoring. Only enable it when needed for those events of importance. Consider also Triming periodically these reports.
After a while, you could visualize those reports, example http://office.microsoft.com/en-001/sharepoint-server-help/view-audit-log-reports-HA102039795.aspx

Web Analytics - List Items


Revalidate Model When Using WebAPI (TryValidateModel equivalent)

Question: Using vanilla MVC I can revalidate my model with TryValidateModel. The TryValidateModel method doesn't seem to be applicable to WebAPI. How can I revalidate my model when using WebAPI?
Comment: What do you mean by `How can I revalidate my model when using WebAPI?` ?
Comment: I'm looking for the same functionality in WebAPI as TryValidateModel provides in MVC. If my model state, after initial databinding, is invalid I want to make some changes to it and then revalidate. How Can I rerun that validation process? In MVC this is easily accomplished with TryValidateModel.
Answer: I know it has been a while since this has been asked, but the problem is still valid. Thus i thought i should share my solution to this problem.
I decided to implement the TryValidateModel(object model) myself, based on the implementation in the System.Web.Mvc.Controller.cs

The problem is that the mvc's TryValidateModel internally used their own HttpContext and ModelState. If you go and compaire the two, they are very similar....

The be able to use our own HttpContext there exists a HttpContextWrapper that can be used for that.
And Since we have to clear our model state, it doesn't really matter that we use a different type of ModelState , as long as we get the desired result, thus i create a new ModelState object from the correct type...
I did add the error to the ModelState of the controller and not to the model state to the newly created ModelState , This seems to work just fine for me :)
Here is my code, that i just added to the controller...
do not forget to import the library...

<code>using System.Web.ModelBinding;

    protected internal bool TryValidateModel(object model)
    {
        return TryValidateModel(model, null /* prefix */);
    }

    protected internal bool TryValidateModel(object model, string prefix)
    {
        if (model == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("model");
        }

        ModelMetadata metadata = ModelMetadataProviders.Current.GetMetadataForType(() => model, model.GetType());
        var t = new ModelBindingExecutionContext(new HttpContextWrapper(HttpContext.Current), new System.Web.ModelBinding.ModelStateDictionary());

        foreach (ModelValidationResult validationResult in ModelValidator.GetModelValidator(metadata, t).Validate(null))
        {
            ModelState.AddModelError(validationResult.MemberName, validationResult.Message);
        }

        return ModelState.IsValid;
    }
</code>
Comment: @bbodenmiller what do you mean? Although i haven't tried it, i think it should work for any nested resources, unless msft does something weird (which is still probable...)
Comment: TryValidateModel doesn't support nested validation as per http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4465432/asp-net-mvc-2-controllers-tryvalidate-doesnt-validate-the-list-items-within which I imagine is why this also does not support nested validation. :(
Comment: Ah, that would make sense. Thank you for mentioning it. following http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4384081/read-foreign-key-metadata-programatically-with-entity-framework-4 you could use the same method of validation for the navigational properties (nested resources)
Answer: I don't know when was it added but now there is Validate method on api controller.
ApiController.Validate Method (TEntity)
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn573258%28v=vs.118%29.aspx
Answer: Based from rik-vanmechelen original answer, here is my version that relies on the services container exposed by Web API.
<code>    /// <summary>
    /// Tries to validate the model.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="model">The model.</param>
    /// <returns>Whether the model is valid or not.</returns>
    protected internal bool TryValidateModel(object model)
    {
        if (model == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("model");
        }

        var metadataProvider = Configuration.Services.GetService<System.Web.Http.Metadata.ModelMetadataProvider>();
        var validatorProviders = Configuration.Services.GetServices<System.Web.Http.Validation.ModelValidatorProvider>();
        var metadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(() => model, model.GetType());

        ModelState.Clear();
        var modelValidators = metadata.GetValidators(validatorProviders);
        foreach (var validationResult in modelValidators.SelectMany(v => v.Validate(metadata, null)))
        {
            ModelState.AddModelError(validationResult.MemberName, validationResult.Message);
        }

        return ModelState.IsValid;
    }
</code>
This uses the following simple extension methods to access the services :
<code>  /// <summary>
  /// Services container extension methods.
  /// </summary>
  public static class ServicesContainerExtensions
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the service.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TService">The type of the service.</typeparam>
    /// <param name="services">The services.</param>
    /// <returns>The service.</returns>
    /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">services</exception>
    public static TService GetService<TService>(this ServicesContainer services)
    {
        if (services == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("services");
        }
        return (TService)((object)services.GetService(typeof(TService)));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the services.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TService">The type of the service.</typeparam>
    /// <param name="services">The services.</param>
    /// <returns>The services.</returns>
    /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">services</exception>
    public static IEnumerable<TService> GetServices<TService>(this ServicesContainer services)
    {
        if (services == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("services");
        }
        return services.GetServices(typeof(TService)).Cast<TService>();
    }
}
</code>
The advantage of using this method is that it reuses the MetadataProvider and ValidatorProvider(s) you have configured for your Web API application while the previous answer is retrieving the one configured in ASP.NET MVC.
ASP.NET MVC and WebAPI run through different pipelines.
Comment: If we have a different validation configuration between web API and MVC (or we don't have any validation provider hooked into MVC), then the operation will not behave as expected.
Comment: Please explain why this is better than rik.vanmechelen's answer.
Comment: The second block goes anywhere. This defines extension methods for the ServicesContainer type used by the first block.
Comment: Interesting :) but if get it correctly, it is only necessary when you have created custom MetadataProviders etc.?
Comment: I tried this solution, but the `modelValidators` came out empty. I'm using WebAPI 1 (i think). What am I missing?
Answer: Turns out TryValidateModel is not supported in WebAPI. There's a feature request over on CodePlex.
Comment: Do you by any chance have a link to that issue, or remember what it was called? (I know it's been a year, but nothing ventured, right?)
Comment: I don't know when was it added but now there is Validate method on controller.

ApiController.Validate Method (TEntity)
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn573258%28v=vs.118%29.aspx
Comment: @SixtenOtto I added an aswer with a possible workaround to the problem. I hope it might help you as well.


Raspberry pi 3 Model B+ : ACT light not blinking

Question: While i am working on pc my raspberry pi working correctly , but suddenly it's display gone. And rebooting it again it not blink ACT light at least 1 time. Means it not blink any time.  Also , i have checked my sd card to another raspberry pi and it boot os properly. but in my sd card slot it is not booting.
So, what's the problem? Is it sd card slot corrupted? or anything else. Please help me.
Comment: if you tried only what you said that you tried, then you missed the most obvious thing ... go back and recheck everything
Comment: What do you mean by "gone"? Stolen?
Comment: What display? Bare Raspberry Pi does not have a display.
Answer: Sometimes the display is out due to overheating of the pi device (happened to me many times when having very long-running hours). You shall let it cool down and try again.
Also, you shall power the pi device from the electric power source and not the PC because sometimes electric fluctuation of PC's power will cause damage to the device and/or USB port of PC.
Thanks


Any benefits from implementing CSA versus just using multiplication symbol when synthesizing?

Question: I am synthesizing some multiplication units in Verilog and I was wondering if you generally get better results in terms of area/power savings if you implement your own CSA using Booth Encoding when multplying or if you just use the * symbol and let the synthesis tool take care of the problem for you?
Answer: If your synthesis tools are any good then you should use the * operator, set reasonable constraints, and let the tools do the heavy lifting. This is particularly true for FPGAs, which may very fast and dense multiplier cells. The Xilinx Spartan-3 series, for example, has some very nice 9x9 multiplier cells. If you insist on writing logic equations for your own CSA multiplier the synthesizer may not be able to infer that you really want a multiplier, and the result would use lots of LUTs while the multiplier cells sit idle.
Comment: yeah I was thinking that letting the tools know that you want a multiplier by using the * operator would probably lead to better results when it is performing optimization.
Answer: Let synthesis tool decide.
Unless you are interested in the intermediate results of multiplication, there will be no high gains in manual approach. In fact, given the very broad optimization strategies present in today's synthesis tools, the best you can manually get in terms of performance/area/power is the same (and there is good chance that your manual implementation will be worse).
The only scenario (in my opinion) when you won't let synthesis tool to take care of multiplication is when there are standard libs/modules for multipliers available (libs in ASICs, modules in FPGA). This approach is sometimes used in critical parts of the systems (critical in terms of performance/area/power). These cells are tailored for a particular usage (at layout level) and there is no chance that RLS will do better than that.
Answer: Unless you are setting some internal nodes of your Booth encoding multiplier as outputs, the synthesis tool will derive the low-level logic. Since the input and outputs of the two approaches are exactly the same, a good synthesis tool would optimize them in the exact same way, and the result would be no different. The only way you could force the synthesis tool to implement a booth multiplier is if you divided it into multiple blocks and disabled boundary optimization.


Do I need a specific type of lens to work with my Canon T3i, or will any lens work?

Question: I have a Canon T3i. When I go to buy a new lens, do I have to buy a specific size or type for the T3i?
Answer: You need to buy a lens that is Canon EOS compatible. Canon EF or EF-S lenses will work with your camera. Many manufacturers create compatible lenses also, Sigma makes a compatible lens with good quality at a reasonable price.
Answer: The lenses that will work with your camera will be denoted as EF or EF-s (e.g EF 50mm f/1.8, or EF-s 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II) if the are Canon or as "For Canon EF" or "For Canon" for other manufacturer's lenses, such as Sigma, Tamron, Zeiss or Samyang. EF-m lenses will not work properly on your camera, or any Canon DSLR. Likewise the EF-s lenses will not work on Canon's full frame bodies (i.e. 1D, 5D and 6D).


Finding a 3-digit passcode from 4 mastermind clues

Question: What is the logic used to solve this problem?
Comment: Have you seen all of the answers in that post? A lot of them show you the way to solve the problem.
Comment: Puzzle is from https://9gag.com/gag/aQEyBzr
Answer: The password is:

 293

Most important things to notice:

The last digit has to be a 3 or a 6. (If it isn't, then all 4 passwords should have the correct digit on place 1 or 2, which is impossible)

The 4th password shares for each of the 3 digits a digit with another password. This one is crucial, because this sets up a 'chain' of passwords, all linked to each other through different digits.

 if the first 8 is correct of the 4th password, then the first 8 of the first password will also be correct. That means that the last digit cannot be a 3 or a 6, which is a contradiction with statement 1.
 same for the second 4 digit, because then the 3rd password has number 4 as the right digit, and again, the last digit cannot be a 3 or a 6.

that means that the last digit is a

 3.

 based on the first password, if it can't be the first 8 and the last 6, the second digit has to be a 9.

 With the same principle, looking at the 3rd password, we find that the first digit has to be a 2.
Comment: Your first statement (last digit is 3 or 6) assumes that there is at least one correct guess per digit of the answer. This is not a given. It's trivial to prove, but you need to do that before you rely on it to exclude other options.  But you don't need it anyway, as you can show if the first digit is eight that the 2nd and 3rd guesses would both have to be correct in the second digit and contradict each other.
Comment: @fljx, you are right, I have updated my answer. Btw, it could also be 'proved' backwards: if it isn't a 3 or a 6, it could be random different digit, which makes the puzzle impossible to solve uniquely. And that shouldn't make any sense.
Comment: Claim 1 can be made clearer by saying that the impossibility of all 4 passwords having the correct digit on place 1 or 2 is specific to the fact that we can't pick two digits from the numbers given here. In another puzzle, it may still be possible (e.g., if second digit of third password is 8).
Answer: The answer is

 293.

First fact:

 The first clue lines in the fact that the passcode consists of three digits, yet four attempts have been made, all with exactly one correct digit. That means that at least two of the attempts must share a digit at the same spot, since the fourth attempt must have gotten one of the same digits right. In the puzzle, there are four such occurrences, and at least one of them must be correct. Let us exhaust them:

Exhausting the possibilities:

 Let's assume the 6's at the end of the first and third attempts are correct. Well, then the 8's at the front of the first and fourth attempts are wrong. Thusly, in the fourth attempt, the first and last digits are incorrect, meaning the middle digit must be correct. The middle digit is a 4, which is also true for the third attempt. However, in the third attempt, it has already been assumed that the single correct digit is the 6. Thus, making this assumption leads to a contradiction, and therefore it must be false.

 Let's assume the 4's in the middle of the third and fourth attempts are correct. Then the 8's the first and fourth attempts are incorrect, and the 9 in the first attempt must also be incorrect, since it shares the middle spot with the 4 (which is assumed to be correct). By elimination, the 6 at the end of the first attempt must be correct, but that means the 6 at the end of the third attempt is also correct; but that leads to the contradiction of both the 6 and 4 in the third attempt being correct. Thusly, the fours are incorrect.

 Let's assume the 8's at the front of the first and third attempts are correct. That means that neither a 3 or 6 at the end is correct. That means that, for the second and third attempt, only the first and middle digits have a chance at being correct. Since they do not share their middle digits, only one of them can be correct, and the other must lie in the front. However, the first digit has already been assumed to be 8. This is a contradiction, and 8 in the front cannot be correct.

 Let's assume the 3's at the back of the second and fourth attempts are true. That means that the 4's in the middle of the third and fourth attempts are incorrect, and that the 6 in the back of the third attempt is incorrect. That leaves only the 2 in the front of the third attempt eligible for correctness. The middle digit in the first attempt is the only one eligible for correctness, and it is a 9. Thus, we have exhausted all possibilities for the digits, and incurred no contradictions. The answer is therefore 293.
Answer:
 983 and 246 include all the digits together, so the total number of marks must be 3 between the two.  Between 896 and 843, the total number of marks can be no less than 2, meaning it can be 2 (if 8 doesn't exist and 2 does), 3 (both exist or neither does) or 4 (if 8 exists and 2 doesn't), adding up to 5, 6 or 7.  At least one of 8 and 9 must exist. If both do, one of 2, 4 and 6 also does, leaving out 3. 98_, 246, 896, 84_ -> 9_8, _89, contradiction. Only one of them can exist, so either 3 or 6 is in its right place.  If 8 exists, it's either _86 (contradiction) or 843 (nope), so 9 does -> 9_6 (no) or 293 (solution).


What size of the fuses does fluke multimeters use?

Question: So I burnt my fuses today using my AstroAi multimeter. I went to several hardware stores in Seattle and they only have fuses with 5mm x 20mm and 1/4 x 1-1/4 inch. I bought the 1/4 x 1-1/4 ones and they don't fit in my multimeter. I measure my multimeter fuse and it has a very weird size which is 6mm*29mm and the closest on Amazon cost 25 USD in total for the two types of fuses I use. Since my multimeter only cost 35 I think it's a bad idea to buy those fuses on Amazon. Is there another brand of the multimeter that uses a more common fuse? Should I get a fluke multimeter? And could I find the replacement fuses easily in the hardware store?
Comment: The fuse doesn't have to fit perfectly so long as its snug.
Comment: okay in that case does the type of fuses matter? In my local store, they have ABC, ATM, AGC, ATC fuses made by Bussman. I Remember some of them are fast-reacting and some of them are for microwave or time-delayed. I just got the regular ones that just says fuses.
Comment: Looks like 200mA and 10A fast blow fuses would be safe
Comment: You can probably get them from your favorite china supplier. If it fits and the electrical specifications are the same it would be ok. Be careful of the type, if in doubt use a fast blow. I use Fluke (older units) and some have spare spare fuses in them. You can get some Fluke meters on the used marked very reasonably priced.
Answer: If you replace the fuse with another type (particularly a smaller type) you will compromise the protection. The fuses used in multimeters are larger because they are rated to safely break relatively high voltages and high fault currents without excessive arcing and without exploding. Some meters from your supplier (you didn't give a model number) are rated at 600V 10A. If you are in the US, Home Despot lists them for $7 ea. Here is data from the Chinese manufacturer with links to UL and TUV certificates. SIBA brand also seems to be popular. Note the interrupting capacity of 10kA! At 600VDC! AGC10A fuses have an interrupting capacity of only 200A at only 250VAC (no DC rating).
If you never work with anything over a few volts this won't matter much (you might wreck your meter or burn yourself on the leads), but for mains voltages it is far more important and can definitely be a safety issue. If you are doing industrial electrician work, it  is mandatory, in my opinion, to have a meter with a Fluke level of protection. The consequences of arc flash in situations where fault currents can exceed 10kA are very unpleasant.
Fluke meters tend to have genuine  CAT III 600 V ratings and massive internal fuses to protect the user. For example, 11 A, 1000 V FAST Fuse (Fluke PN 803293) which costs about $10 in one-off. The meter you have uses a less protective fuse type, but still WAY better than a cheap ABC fuse.
Comment: I only work with circuits below 36v, what model of fluke multimeter should I get. I heard that fluke 117 is the best value but it is more for industrial use? My budget is 200 USD but I can wiggle it a little bit.
Comment: I'm not sure you need a fancy meter for such relatively low voltages. We actually don't do product recommendations here. Dave Jones at eevblog has obsessively compared various handheld meters. Think about accuracy, resolution and features too. Personally I have quite a few meters but for everyday non-critical use tend to use a very old Uni-T meter that I've patched mechanical issues on a couple times. Switch to Agilent bench 6+ digit meters for stuff that matters to more than 2 digits or a very old Fluke for mains work or 40kV probe.
Comment: @Alanlicz Just always keep in mind that although you never use this multimeter above 36V, that doesn't stop someone lifting this multimeter and using it to measure much higher voltages that it is of course rated for, with the proper fuse in place. Someone will get hurt.
Answer: I am using Fluke 115 Multimeter and it has an IEC60269-2 10x38 10A fuse. Your product datasheet or manual should provide the info without disassembling like I did :)
Comment: So I checked my AstroAi DM5000AR website and they don't even have a manual. I measured the size by hand and it is 6mm*29mm which I can't find it anywhere


Computers doesn't show in WSUS

Question: I have installed WSUS and configured it is supposed to be. Made sure that the port is accessible, the GPO has been updated in all machines, also I confirmed that the policy is was applied. But I still can't see the machines on the WSUS server.
I have followed Microsft's manual: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-server-update-services/deploy/2-configure-wsus#21-configure-network-connections
But even though no luck.
Answer: We had the same problem you should check:
-with network admins for the accessibility of WSUS ports
-If you are using WSUS with SSL connection ensure that clients certificates parameter under the SSL encryption parameter on the following virtual roots:
ApiRemoting30; ClientWebService; DSSAuthWebService; ServerSyncWebService: SimpleAuthWebServic is set to Ignore, check this link: https://jackstromberg.com/2013/11/enabling-ssl-on-windows-server-update-services-wsus/
-If the clients have an internet connection through a proxy make sure to add the address of the WSUS server in the exception list of the Proxy Settings

Computers doesn't show in WSUS


Website knows that I'm connected via OpenVPN

Question: When I'm connected to a OpenVPN server and visit http://ip-api.com/ I get this:
OpenVPN UDP bs128 SHA256
Can somebody explain to me how this is possible and how can I stop this information leak?
Answer: It is possible to infer the usage of a VPN from patterns in the communication.
If you are using a tunnelling technology like IPsec, L2TP, or PPTP, your packets are incapsulated inside other packets, so the useful part of the packet might be smaller than in a classic network. MTU and MSS are two important pieces of data about the sizes of the incapsulated packet and the final packet.
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is the maximum data that can be transmitted in one packet. Every network has a MTU value, be it a local network or the internet backbone. The most common value is 1500, but there are some exceptions. When using a VPN, your OS sends smaller packets by setting lower MTU values in order to prevent fragmentation in the network that might reduce bandwidth and latency.
When a web browser or any other software that communicates on the network creates TCP connections, it sets Maximum Segment Size (MSS) value in the TCP header, which informs the receiver of the maximum TCP data size the transmitter can receive without packet fragmentation. This is very similar to MTU.
OpenVPN is a VPN software suite that is more specifically detected because it works in a different way than other VPN software. OpenVPN decreases MSS instead of interface MTU. By decreasing MSS like this, it is possible to further detect the encryption being used because a certain combination of protocol, block size (bs), MAC and compression will generate specific MSS sizes.
Fix this information leak in OpenVPN by changing the mssfix directive in the OpenVPN config file to different values like 1420, 1360 or 0 (experimental).
Answer: How is that possible ? Well: Firefox and Chrome implement WebRTC that allows requests to STUN servers be made that will return the information you see on sites such as ip-api.com.
Also the ISPs uses for sure Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) techniques to inspect traffic so that is why your OpenVPN is detect.
How to avoid such situations ? Many solutions are available, but the one I like the most and which does not need efforts to use (and does not cost anything) is to run Tails on a USB stick so that you protect your  privacy and anonymity.
But if you do not like easy solutions then you can  tunnel your OpenVPN via an HTTP proxy.
Answer:
Can somebody explain to me how this is possible...

The IP ranges are registered for the company, so a quick Whois can reveal this information. Also a reverse DNS query might reveal the company's URL too.

...and how can I stop this information leak?

You could use a another proxy server or TOR to hide that information


a tribe of neanderthals survive on a tropical island off of the coast of india into the modern day. how might they evolve?

Question: lets say this island is an exact copy of the climate and ecosystem of tropical India. how might Neanderthals evolve in order to survive this environment?
Comment: Would anyone even notice? Homo sapiens would keep migrating around the world and eventually you'd get a lot of interbreeding with the Neanderthals there and they'd be integrated into the larger population. Indeed this kind of happened with Semang, Batek, Maniq, and others, who thought to be descended from early waves of Homo sapiens migration from Africa (not Neanderthal) and ended up being minority groups within (and intermixing with) a population mostly composed of groups descended from later migrants. And then there are the Denisovan genes in Austronesian populations...
Comment: If there are no homo sapiens sapiens around, then presumably there's nothing there to out-compete them, or dilute their population by interbreeding - why would they need to evolve at all, what are the pressures on them to not just stay pretty much as they are? It's not like they lacked intelligence, tool use and therefore some adaptability. Are other hominins present and of what types?
Comment: neanderthals are not going to enjoy the tropic. they are built to conserve heat. denisovians are more likely than neanderthal, they actually lived in the region.
Comment: I am disinclined to VTC - it has a broad scope for answering but the situation itself is pretty limited: Neanderthals in India; how would they adapt to their surroundings? However I will downvote the question as it does not show any research and gives no starting point, leaving the answerer with a lot of extra work.
Answer: Are you basing this on a situation that already exists? The Sentinelese of North Sentinel Island in the Andamans (off the Indian coast) pretty much fit the conditions you've outlined, except that they are not neanderthals but Sapiens. Very little is known about them because they're voluntary isolationists with no desire to communicate with the rest of the world. From the little we know, they seem to have adapted fairly well to their circumstances, the few individuals observed have been healthy with no signs of disease and their technology still seems to revolve around basic tools.
Neanderthals have some similarities with sapiens in similar conditions. Primarily, both neanderthals and sapiens are subject to the Boserupian trap i.e. low populations discourage surplus use of resources, reducing innovation which in turn prevents populations from reducing their death rates. Therefore, a small community on a small island with no contact with the outside world is not likely to evolve technologically unless something special boosts population growth (As a contrast, consider river valleys which have a combination of high water reserves and rich soil, which encourages human beings to settle down and multiply, designing new technologies to deal with higher population growth rates).
On the other hand, there are significant differences Neanderthal physique seems most adaptable to cold climates as opposed to warm. Their physiques seem to have evolved to store greater heat. What this implies is that neanderthals are less likely to survive in a tropical climate. There may be exceptions though - for instance, they may evolve to survive in shadier, cooler parts of tropical islands (for instance, in caves or thick forests or closer to water). What we might see is an example of analogous evolution, where neanderthals develop physiques or characteristics similar to sapiens, not due to genetics but due to similar environmental factors. It's unlikely that they'll reach the same levels of metabolism as sapiens in a tropical island though and their communities are likely to be smaller and more precarious.
Comment: I think the Sentinelese are descendents of the early (~70,000 ka) migration wave of Homo sapiens as well, with most of the surrounding people descended from later waves of migration. So basically the only difference between them and OP's question is they aren't Neanderthals.


How to make only first name appear on Facebook?

Question: Some people appear only their first names while the others appear their full names when they like/comment on my status. For example, some people appear; Rose Dream liked/commented on your photo but some: Rose commented/liked your photo. Can I know the difference, please?
Answer: Officially it's not possible (except in Indonesia). Only Indonesian people are allowed (because in Indonesia, some people just have a single name) to have single name on Facebook. But by changing the proxy settings and language settings you can do this.
Some tricks are given in following links, and it should work:
How To Make Single Name Account On Facebook
First Name Visible On Facebook
Hide Last Name on Facebook


How do I automatically remove anvils in Minecraft?

Question: I'm creating a Minecraft PVP map where players can purchase enchanted weapons for XP. However, I'm supplying certain items in my shop that I do not want players to repair with anvils (e.g. A "Sniper Bow" which insta-kills players with a remaining durability of 10 shots). How can I make a mechanism in vanilla Minecraft to automatically remove anvils once placed?
Answer: Set a command block with a comparator clock that runs:
/clear @a minecraft:anvil

This will always clear out any anvils any player has in their inventory.  The player won't get the items back, but it should be punishment for making an anvil
Comment: @zeldarulez this only removes them from player inventories, a fast player may be able to outspeed the timer, but a too fast timer may bog down the server
Comment: @ratchetfreak I don't think anyone will be fast enough to beat a 2-tick clock.  Anyways, I think this is the best you can do without hundreds of command blocks testing for anvil blocks and removing them.
Answer: If the total cost to repair an item is greater than 39, it cannot be repaired in survival mode. You can use the RepairCost nbt tag to make it too expensive to repair an item in an anvil. For example, this command will spawn a Power 10 bow that cannot be repaired with an anvil:
/give @p minecraft:bow 1 374 {ench:[{id:48,lvl:10}],RepairCost:40}

Comment: Great, this solves ratchet-freaks's problem of preventing fast players and server lag ;)


How Challenging is it to Mix Pure JS with CoffeeScript on a Team?

Question: I keep running into Senior JS positions where they want CoffeeScript. The reason I don't use CoffeeScript is that my first impression of it was that it puts limitations on JS OOP features that I find valuable. I've seen claims that the two can inter-mix freely but that sounds dubious to me. Should I even bother applying to these positions if CoffeeScript-only is a dealbreaker for me?
Comment: !@#$ing fad-tech is the worst.
Comment: What you need, ironically, is something that converts from JS to CoffeeScript.
Comment: If I have to base this on personal and team experience and sum it with a short answer - very, it's not a trivial overhead to work with two languages at once.
Comment: Having worked with Coffeescript and JavaScript together in the same project recently myself, I have to say that from the technical perspective, it's *inconvenient* but not difficult. So long as your team agrees on what needs to be what and where, it's really not that bad.
Answer: Above sarcasm not withstanding, my answer to your question would be "yes."
Assuming that the position is otherwise something that would be a good fit, it would be a shame to miss out on an opportunity solely due to a language flavor that may or may not be in widespread use in a few years. In addition, if your OOP concerns are genuine, it would be well worth bringing this up in an interview.
Comment: I can suck it up and learn it if I have to. It's just annoying to have to learn a variant implementation of something I take pride in knowing a lot about and tolerate some obnoxious design tweaks like descending scope inheritance for the sake of syntax sugar and auto-"correction" of features just because Crockford put them in a list of "bad parts." Also, the sarcasm was funny.
Comment: Ah, I remembered my chief grumpy. No named functions. That was when I crumpled the idea up and tossed it over my shoulder.
Answer: How challenging technically is it to mix them? Or how challenging from a process and teamwork perspective?
I get the feeling you're asking about the former, but when it comes to jobs which advertise that they want CoffeeScript experience, it's more likely to be the latter that is relevant.
And I can tell you right now, if my workplace currently uses "language X", and we advertise for developers who know "language X", we might hire someone who knows "language Y" and is keen and willing to learn X. But we won't hire someone who knows "language Y" and wants to come in and use "language Y", suggesting that the code all our other developers write should be able to inter-mix with it.
Comment: I meant teamwork. I've now read up on it enough I'll take that to be correct.


Adding comments at content creation?

Question: I'm on D7. I have a content type that I would like users to add comments to WHILE they create it. Basically the content type is a "how to" topic and the comments will be used as different steps to do whatever. Thanks for any suggestions.
Answer: In this case I'd have a look at the field_collection module. It may be more suited for your purposes.
Comment: We use this method on our internal and external knowledge systems on our "how to" content types and it works very well

Adding comments at content creation?


Can oil only represent service?

Question: Oil throughout the Bible represents service: How can oil represent salvation in:  Mat_25:8  And the foolish said unto the wise, Give us of your oil; for our lamps are gone out.
Comment: I do not know of any use of oil as a symbol of "service".  See https://www.gotquestions.org/olive-oil-symbol.html  for a discussion of this point.
Comment: The foolish virgins did not know that a lamp needs oil to work. They 'took no oil with them' Matt 25:3. Then, they lit the lamp.They lit a dry wick and it sputtered out. The 'apparatus' of the word of the gospel is no use without the living presence of the Holy Spirit. Oil comes from a living thing - an olive tree. And it burns. It represents a living presence which burns passionately and intensely. See the seven Spirits burning (like seven lamps of fire) before the throne - Revelation 4:5.
Comment: Lev_5:11  But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a sin offering.

Meat Offering of service has oil upon it in 49 verses.  [Lev_2,5,6,7,9,14,23; Num_4,6,7,8,15,28,29; Eze_45,46.]
Answer: Peace.
Great question!
I believe that the oil of salvation in this parable is representing the "oil of gladness" or joy.
We are commanded to "rejoice evermore"….that is, at all times.  The "oil" of rejoicing should be retained in our "vessels" at all times.

1 Thessalonians 5:16 KJV (16)  Rejoice evermore.

The foolish did not rejoice evermore as their joy went out as they waited while the wise took the oil of gladness within them.   They rejoiced always even though they all "slumbered and slept".

Matthew 25:3-4 KJV (3)  They that were foolish took their lamps, and took no oil with them: (4)  But the wise took oil in their vessels
  with their lamps.

The "oil of gladness" is for the lamp that gives praise and thanks to God. The wise went out to meet Him with the open joy and praise while the foolish did not.
Light is sown for the righteous and gladness for the upright in heart.  Their lamp burns brightly with their open rejoicing and praising of the Lord.  The joy does not stay hidden within the heart but is shown forth with the mouth that sings His praise.

Psalms 97:11-12 KJV (11)  Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart. (12)  Rejoice in the LORD, ye
  righteous; and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness.

The wise were then able to "enter into the joy of the Lord"….the fullness of joy…as they entered in with Him to the marriage.
The wise heard His voice…the call…and rejoiced and were thankful.  They were able to enter into the fullness of joy and knowing the mysteries of the kingdom while the foolish did not rejoice at what they heard and did not praise Him in thanksgiving. The foolish were not found "ready" as they did not rejoice.

Matthew 25:10-13 KJV (10)  And while they went to buy, the bridegroom came; and they that were ready went in with him to the marriage: and
  the door was shut. (11)  Afterward came also the other virgins,
  saying, Lord, Lord, open to us. (12)  But he answered and said, Verily
  I say unto you, I know you not. (13)  Watch therefore, for ye know
  neither the day nor the hour wherein the Son of man cometh.

We see in the marriage supper of the Lamb in Revelation 19 that a voice of a great multitude spoke and said….

Revelation 19:6-9 KJV (6)  And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of
  mighty thunderings, saying, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent
  reigneth.

…"let us be glad and rejoice and give honor to Him"….

(7)  Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready.
  (8)  And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen,
  clean and white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints.

"Blessed"….that is, happier….are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb.  The wise will be able to enter in to the fullness of joy…the joy of the Lord.     Those who are called are to rejoice at what they hear the Spirit saying:   the true sayings of God.   The true sayings of God are like a "supper" to those who "eat" of it and are satisfied with what they hear as they rejoice even more and are thankful for His words.

(9)  And he saith unto me, Write, Blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper of the Lamb. And he saith unto me, These are
  the true sayings of God.

The Lord comes to serve us the "meat" of the Word of God….the true sayings of God…but we must be found ready with the oil of gladness within our vessels.
"Blessed"....that is, HAPPY...are those whom the Lord when He comes shall find watching.  Those who are "watching" are found happy....rejoicing always with the oil of gladness within them.

Luke 12:35-37 KJV (35)  Let your loins be girded about, and your lights burning; (36)  And ye yourselves like unto men that wait for
  their lord, when he will return from the wedding; that when he cometh
  and knocketh, they may open unto him immediately. (37)  Blessed are
  those servants, whom the lord when he cometh shall find watching:
  verily I say unto you, that he shall gird himself, and make them to
  sit down to meat, and will come forth and serve them.

It is about rejoicing in the LORD.  "My soul shall be joyful in my God…"

Isaiah 61:10 KJV (10)  I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, my soul shall be joyful in my God; for he hath clothed me with the garments of
  salvation, he hath covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a
  bridegroom decketh himself with ornaments, and as a bride adorneth
  herself with her jewels.

As John the Baptist said…the friend of the Bridegroom stands and hears Him (as He speaks the true words of God….the "supper") and rejoices greatly because of His voice. His joy is then fulfilled.

John 3:28-29 KJV (28)  Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, but that I am sent before him. (29)  He that hath
  the bride is the bridegroom: but the friend of the bridegroom, which
  standeth and heareth him, rejoiceth greatly because of the
  bridegroom's voice: this my joy therefore is fulfilled.

His servants (whom He finds ready at the hearing of His voice calling them) will "eat" of the true sayings of God.  They will rejoice and take in what they hear His voice saying and will be satisfied and will enter into the joy of the Lord in fullness while those who do not agree with what they hear in their anger shall go "hungry".

Isaiah 65:13-14 KJV (13)  Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, my servants shall eat, but ye shall be hungry: behold, my servants
  shall drink, but ye shall be thirsty: behold, my servants shall
  rejoice, but ye shall be ashamed:

His servants will sing for joy of heart while those who resist what they hear and do not joy in it will cry for sorrow of heart…..

*(14)  Behold, my servants shall sing for joy of heart, but ye shall cry for sorrow of heart, and shall howl for vexation of spirit

.*
Comment: The Meat Offerings can only be offered without the shedding of blood and without an animal sacrifice.  They are offering of fine flour; no animal flesh. They are a voluntary offering that is a sweet savor to the Lord.  This metaphorically represents a personal living sacrifice.
"Rom 8:29  For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren."
Comment: There are two references that have oil and spirit together.  Oil metaphorically represents a personal living sacrifice.
1Sa_16:13  Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brethren: and the Spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.
Isa_61:3  To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.
Comment: It seems that at salvation when the Holy Spirit indwells a believer they are anointed because God is anointing us by metaphorically pouring oil over our head at salvation to become like Jesus. The oil in the virgins lamps that went out did poorly at conforming and virgins with oil in the containers did well at conforming.
"Rom 8:29  For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren."
Comment: Lev_5:11 supports oil must have nothing to do with our salvation!
Lev_5:11 But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put ***no oil*** upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a ***sin*** offering.
Comment: The sin offering must have no oil because we are saved by faith in God's perfect sacrifice.  We are not saved by how well we conform to become like Jesus. Our Meat Offering of how well we conform to become like Jesus, and is seen in our obedience to the Holy Spirit. It is our voluntary offering of obedience to the Holy Spirit that is a sweet savor to the Lord.  We see this in 49 verses. [Lev_2,5,6,7,9,14,23; Num_4,6,7,8,15,28,29; Eze_45,46.]
Comment: We will stand before the Lord Jesus Christ's judgment.
2Co_5:10  For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.

We will see how well we obeyed the Holy Spirit at our judgment.
"Rom 8:29  For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren."
Comment: I believe well conformed saints are given higher honor and responsibility and poorly conformed saints are shut out of higher honor and responsibility in the Millennial and eternity after.
1Co 3:14-15  If any man's work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward.  If any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as by fire.
2Jn_1:8  Look to yourselves, that we lose not those things which we have wrought, but that we receive a full reward.
Answer: The answer to your question is that the Bible does not suggest that "oil only represents service".  Perhaps a better question would be to ask what the oil in the parable represents.
A full explanation of Jesus' parable of the ten virgins and the significance of the oil in the lamps is given in this article: https://www.gotquestions.org/parable-ten-virgins.html
The olive oil used in the lamps can be interpreted as a symbol of the Holy Spirit, or the faith of the born-again believer.  It does not represent "service" although the parable has to do with being on the alert for the return of Christ (the bridegroom).  The article in the link below explains the uses of olive oil and what it symbolises.

Jesus gave the point of the parable: "Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day or the hour" (Matthew 25:13). At the end of the age, when Jesus comes back, some will be ready for His arrival (illustrated by the wise virgins who had olive oil); others will not be ready (symbolized by the foolish virgins who had no oil). Considering the olive oil as a symbol of the Holy Spirit (or of faith), we could say that only those who have the Spirit (or faith in Christ) are truly ready for Jesus' second coming.  Source: https://www.gotquestions.org/olive-oil-symbol.html
Answer: Matthew 25 is basically one parable. Each individual parable conveys the notion of coming to the Lord expecting salvation, but having neglected basic tenets of His faith, such as charity:

Matthew 25 (DRB)  1 Then shall the kingdom of heaven be like to ten virgins, who taking their lamps went out to meet the bridegroom and the bride. 2 And five of them were foolish, and five wise. 3 But the five foolish, having taken their lamps, did not take oil with them: 4 But the wise took oil in their vessels with the lamps. 5 And the bridegroom tarrying, they all slumbered and slept. 6 And at midnight there was a cry made: Behold the bridegroom cometh, go ye forth to meet him. 7 Then all those virgins arose and trimmed their lamps. 8 And the foolish said to the wise: Give us of your oil, for our lamps are gone out. 9 The wise answered, saying: Lest perhaps there be not enough for us and for you, go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for yourselves. 10 Now whilst they went to buy, the bridegroom came: and they that were ready, went in with him to the marriage, and the door was shut. 11 But at last come also the other virgins, saying: Lord, Lord, open to us. 12 But he answering said: Amen I say to you, I know you not. 13 Watch ye therefore, because you know not the day nor the hour.

Preparedness. 2 Peter 3:14.

14 For even as a man going into a far country, called his servants, and delivered to them his goods; 15 And to one he gave five talents, and to another two, and to another one, to every one according to his proper ability: and immediately he took his journey. 16 And he that had received the five talents, went his way, and traded with the same, and gained other five. 17 And in like manner he that had received the two, gained other two. 18 But he that had received the one, going his way digged into the earth, and hid his lord's money. 19 But after a long time the lord of those servants came, and reckoned with them. 20 And he that had received the five talents coming, brought other five talents, saying: Lord, thou didst deliver to me five talents, behold I have gained other five over and above. 21 His lord said to him: Well done, good and faithful servant, because thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will place thee over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. 22 And he also that had received the two talents came and said: Lord, thou deliveredst two talents to me: behold I have gained other two. 23 His lord said to him: Well done, good and faithful servant: because thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will place thee over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. 24 But he that had received the one talent, came and said: Lord, I know that thou art a hard man; thou reapest where thou hast not sown, and gatherest where thou hast not strewed. 25 And being afraid I went and hid thy talent in the earth: behold here thou hast that which is thine. 26 And his lord answering, said to him: Wicked and slothful servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sow not, and gather where I have not strewed: 27 Thou oughtest therefore to have committed my money to the bankers, and at my coming I should have received my own with usury. 28 Take ye away therefore the talent from him, and give it to him that hath ten talents. 29 For to every one that hath shall be given, and he shall abound: but from him that hath not, that also which he seemeth to have shall be taken away. 30 And the unprofitable servant cast ye out into the exterior darkness. There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Preparedness.

31 And when the Son of man shall come in his majesty, and all the angels with him, then shall he sit upon the seat of his majesty. 32 And all nations shall be gathered together before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as the shepherd separateth the sheep from the goats: 33 And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on his left. 34 Then shall the king say to them that shall be on his right hand: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess you the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. 35 For I was hungry, and you gave me to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me to drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in: 36 Naked, and you covered me: sick, and you visited me: I was in prison, and you came to me. 37 Then shall the just answer him, saying: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, and fed thee; thirsty, and gave thee drink? 38 And when did we see thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and covered thee? 39 Or when did we see thee sick or in prison, and came to thee? 40 And the king answering, shall say to them: Amen I say to you, as long as you did it to one of these my least brethren, you did it to me. 41 Then he shall say to them also that shall be on his left hand: Depart from me, you cursed, into everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels. 42 For I was hungry, and you gave me not to eat: I was thirsty, and you gave me not to drink. 43 I was a stranger, and you took me not in: naked, and you covered me not: sick and in prison, and you did not visit me. 44 Then they also shall answer him, saying: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to thee? 45 Then he shall answer them, saying: Amen I say to you, as long as you did it not to one of these least, neither did you do it to me. 46 And these shall go into everlasting punishment: but the just, into life everlasting.

Preparedness.
Point being: just and unjust correspond to your being.. just or unjust, not some association only in name with "Lord, Lord."

Can oil only represent service?


Can I drop the connecting flight of an international multi-stop journey and board a flight to a different destination?

Question: I have a ticket to Mumbai from Gdansk (Poland) via Abu Dhabi (Etihad airways). Can I go to Muscat instead of going Mumbai if I book one ticket from Abu Dhabi to Muscat (I have Oman Visa)?
Comment: This is not allowed under the contract you make with the airline, but in practice there is little they can do to stop it. Your onward flights on the first ticket (including any return flights) will be cancelled though.
Comment: Please use correct grammar and punctuation when posting here. Editing all those errors is tedious and time consuming.
Answer: The short answer is yes you can avoid flying the second leg of the Gdansk-Mumbai journey. Now, if you have checked-in luggage then that luggage will end up either flying to Mumbai, or being disembarked from the plane and left in Abu Dhabi once the airline realises you are not on the Abu Dhabi-Mumbai flight. So if you do this make sure you have only carry-on luggage.
Now, assuming you have a return ticket Mumbai-Gdansk, due to the missed connection, there is a likelihood that your return ticket will get cancelled. However, there is a certitude that the Abu Dhabi-Gdansk leg will be cancelled if you do not fly the Mumbai-Abu Dhabi journey. So keep this in mind too.
If you decide to go through with your plan, do not forget you will have to check-in, either online or in person, for the Abu Dhabi-Muscat flight and might have to change terminals to get to your gate.