Error code 10 for arduino device driver

Question: How can I fix error code 10 while installing the device driver for Arduino in Windows 8.1?
The LED on the board is blinking after connecting it to the laptop, so I don't think so that the board is damaged. What is the cause of this issue?
Comment: "The board" is more than just the LED and the part that makes it blink.
Answer: First of all, test if you even need a new driver. On Windows, the Arduino drivers for my Uno and my Mega were installed automatically by Windows. I'd advise to restart your computer, using the actual restart button, not manually shutting off and turning on... this is very important with Windows 8.1 and its Hybrid Boot default!!! A normal reboot doesn't fully reload all of the drivers. Next, open the Arduino IDE, and then see if you can successfully upload the "blink" example sketch.
If that doesn't work, let's try something else.
First of all, open up Device Manager and find your device:

It should be under the Ports (COM & LPT) section. After that, right click and click on Properties.

Then, let's go to the Driver tab and click on Update Driver. Then, click on Search Online Automatically for this Driver.

First, try seeing if an automatic update finds any drivers capable. If not, I've found previously that there's sometimes a Reinstall or Fix button somewhere if the driver isn't working correctly.
In addition, you can also update it manually using Device Manager. Instead of clicking on Search Online Automatically for this Driver, click Browse My Computer Manually. For me, there was a Mega driver under the Let me pick from a list of compatible device drivers on my computer and there was a Mega driver for me (although I don't know if that's because I have it installed already).
You can also use that same menu to point it to the location of the installation of the Arduino IDE and it will search for any compatible drivers.
Rolling back the driver is another option if the Arduino IDE tried to install a faulty driver that somehow got corrupt over a working driver installed by the computer.
The last thing I would suggest trying as a last resort is using the Uninstall Driver button and then trying to reinstall the driver manually. I've never done this with an Arduino board, although there have been some times with other drivers that this has helped to remove the faulty driver.
If none of this works, it may be a faulty board.
Answer: I had the same issue. The drivers, which shipped with Arduino IDE didn't work for me.
Actually, the reason was that I was using Arduino UNO clone. And it required another driver.
This video helped me to find the answer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9MGJ16pRLc
In my case I had to install the CH340 chipset usb driver. The driver can be downloaded from this page: http://www.microcontrols.org/arduino-uno-clone-ch340-ch341-chipset-usb-drivers/
After I installed CH340 driver, the upload from Arduino IDE started working perfectly.
Answer: After wasting a huge amount of time trying get the Arduino IDE to upload the sketches to my new starter robot I came across the following document in the Arduino Website :"Guide to the Arduino Leonardo and Micro"... In this document they explain how the serial port communication work on the leonardo (which is the ME-Baseboard from MakeBlock)...They state that auto-reset is initiated when the computer opens the serial port at 1200 baud and then closes it... Whatever that means... I went into the makeblock driver setting (under windows 8.1 device manger) and change the baud rate to 1200... Surprise surprise... all  works fine now, I can compile and upload the sketches for the starter robot... What frustration !!!! And for the people at Makeblock... I have been trying to create a community userid and while the system say that it will send me an email, it never does !!!
Answer: I am sad to report that what actually happened it that changing the baud rate also led to a change in board type in the arduino IDE... So the sketch did compile and load but assuming that the board is a UNO.  End result, still facing same problem and robot behave a bit erratically probably because the upload was not performed for a leonardo board.  I have tried counless times with countless different procedures on an acer laptop with Windows 8.1, an acer laptop with Windows 7 and a surface pro with Windows 7.  Same problem everywhere.  If someone from Makeblock read this blog, I would appreciate if you could send me the validating email so I engage this troubleshooting process on their community discussion board.

Error code 10 for arduino device driver


What do brains do when processing information, that Von Neumann machines cannot (yet?) imitate?

Question: What makes a human processing information so different from a set of instructions in a computer? Solving a problem for any human operating with concepts is still much superior to lots of computer processing. I fail to verbalize what this 'extra' capability is. I just see the result when observing humans solving problems, but what is the mechanism that allows humans to process differently.
Comment: A better term for what you mean by "computer" might be "Von Neumann machine".
Comment: Arguably, brains are computers by a reasonably broad definition of "computer".
Comment: What is a "human concept"?
Comment: @NickStauner: have you never heard of human concept formation, human concept learning, human concept formulation, human concept?
Comment: No (but I'm not a cognitive psychologist by specialty), and it's not exactly easy to Google. Are you trying to approach this from a machine learning perspective? A little effort to define *your* meaning could go a long way.
Comment: I second @NickStauner's call for a clarification of "human concept".  This can be interpreted several ways, not all of which are approachable by science.  In fact, computers can't really be said to possess cognition, so it's hard to imagine how they could possess concepts of any sort.  To illustrate:  you can do something like semantic analysis with a computer, but you can't say that a computer has semantic *concepts*.

Is your question about the kinds problems that humans can solve and that computers cannot?
Comment: Question was reformulated.
Comment: @jona, Agreed, but I think a more useful term that encompasses both brain and computer is "computational system".  It helps distinguish between the brain and a digital computer =)
Comment: @jona, Indeed!  I wasn't familiar with the term -- thank you!
Comment: It's because brains don't do all processing information, it's consciousness and no any hardware can be ever be compared to it.
Comment: Also check out [Consciousness and Complexity](http://wiki.dxarts.washington.edu/sandbox/groups/general/wiki/6746a/attachments/2b0a6/Tononi-Edelman%20Science-1998-.pdf) article by Giulio Tononi and colleagues which was mentioned by blz in another thread.
Answer: I'm taking your question to be equivalent to "how does the human brain differ from a computer?".  Indeed, it's well-established that humans outperform computers in a large number of contexts, but it's difficult to pinpoint exactly why this is.  The best answer you'll get is one that outlines how the two computational systems differ.
Let me start with three obvious differences, which IMHO are the most important:

Brains are analog machines, whereas computers are digital.  This means that brains can apply any number of continuous, non-linear transforms to solve problems.  If you're mathematically or programmatically inclined, here's a wonderful paper that demonstrates how a brain can elegantly and efficiently discriminate between two stimulus frequencies (supplementary materials here if you want to mess with the code yourself).

Brains are good at fuzzy-logic and uncertainty.  Contrary to computers, brain activity can "evoke" or "activate to varying degrees" similar representations.  Intuitively, you can think of this as local activation spreading to adjacent areas (although this is a gross oversimplification).  On a more cognitive level, this enables things such as semantic priming to be implemented quite naturally, whereas this is horrifyingly complex with digital computers.

Synaptic connections are much, much, much, much, much more complex than logic gates.  Synaptic connections can be reinforced and inhibited on either end of the cleft (presynaptic or post-synaptic).  Moreover, the dynamic nature of synaptic connections allows for some interesting emergent properties such as mutual inhibition, or the formation of multiple iso/nullclines in firing rates via more complex interactions (see the Machens et al. paper I linked to in point 1).

With this having been said, let me reiterate the point I made in my previous comment.  Human brains have cognition, in the true sense.  This alone makes them able to solve problems that other systems can't.  To use your own words, humans have conceptual reasoning, whereas computers do not... which is to say the answer was in your question to begin with.
EDIT:
To expand on what is admittedly a not-very-useful last paragraph, it seems as though you are conflating concept and representation.  A concept implies conceptual knowledge, which is simply non-applicable to a non-cognizant system.  As to how the representations differ, this is where point 2 is relevant.  In this case, the representation of a face evokes activation corresponding to various related representations (e.g. on the semantic level).  Importantly, this "spillover" occurs by the very nature of the system -- it's not something that's artificially tacked on.
It's the relationship between your representation, other representations, and the sensorimotor system ("self") that arguably constitute a concept.

References:
Fletcher, P. C., Shallice, T., Frith, C. D., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1996). Brain activity during memory retrieval The influence of imagery and semantic cueing. Brain, 119(5), 1587-1596.
Machens, C. K., Romo, R., & Brody, C. D. (2005). Flexible control of mutual inhibition: a neural model of two-interval discrimination. Science, 307(5712), 1121-1124.
Comment: @QuoraFeans, again I think you're conflating *concept* and *representation*.  A concept implies conceptual knowledge, which is simply non-applicable to a non-cognizant system.  As to how the representations differ, this is where point `2` is relevant.  In your example, the representation of a face evokes neural activity corresponding to various related representations (e.g. on the semantic level).  It's the *relationship* between your representation, other representations, and the sensorimotor system that arguably constitute a *concept*.
Comment: Thanks for the answer and for the links. And yes, it's true that "conceptual thinking" is the key to it, and that it was already included in the question, but this has not a lot of explicative power. It doesn't explain why is, for example, the concept of a face, when implemented in neurons, so different from the 'concept' of a face implemented by computers. Why isn't the concept of a face in bits kind of similar to its analog representation? In the same way that an analog picture is somehow equivalent to a digital picture. But no, both architectures have completely different strengths.
Comment: @QuoraFeans, please seem my edit for a more detailed version of the above comment.
Comment: I am not sure that mental representation is different from concepts, but this seems to be stuff for another question.
Comment: @QuoraFeans, In the brain, mental representation arguably **isn't** different from concept, *de facto*.  It *can* be (e.g. as with a digital computer), but the beauty of the brain lies precisely in the fact that it is not.  That's much of the point.
Comment: @blz I took the liberty of tossing in the references but feel free to reformat as you see fit.
Comment: @ChuckSherrington, Thanks! Looks much nicer now =)
Answer: Intuition is what distinguishes human intellect with classical computers. The human intellect is intuitive in the first place and it builds strict logical (conscious) mind on top of it. Computers are opposite. They act according to concrete algorithms. Yet, you can achieve intuition by emulating it with computer logic. There is nothing that prevents machines to become intellectual.
I you want details, the intuition is achieved through connectionism (Neural Network), a computational model alternative to the hardwired logic of computers. The Neural Network is ultimately parallel computer. It consists of utterly stupid computational units, neurons, every is connected with (tens of ) thouthands of other neurons. Connection pass simple pulses, raised by neurons. The reaction of the brain depends on the weights of these connections (synapses). Learning is basically adjusting of these weights. This is one of the strength of intellect over computer -- it programs it itself, by the environment, which allows to make decisioins for the problems which are intractable to formalize and it guesses the best answer in the abscense of complete information and does so immediately (in matter of couple of neuron pulses, in fractions of a second), thanks to the immense parallelism. These are the things unattainable by stupid, programmed sequential algorithm. I have told that parallelism is achieved through the myriad (100 billion neurons x tens of billions of connections per each = quadrilions of processing units in one head) of connections, working in parallel. You thus may guess that even Blue Gene has problem to compete with it with the tasks that are difficult to formalize or which have large search space. You may also notice that parallelism of NN is squred by the fact that every synaps holds all the images exposed to the brain before. Yes, every element holds all immense informatioin known to you and you have quadrilions of such elements in your head and they work in parallel (see also von Neumann Bottleneck why it is important that every processor has all memory available locally).
The more parallel machine you have, the more undeterministically it behaves. You cannot predict the outcome computed by ultimate intuition therefore, especially after it constantly self-learning by environment to solve unformalized problems from the environment. This makes it also impossible to grasp the algorithm of the brain that was used to derive the outcome. It reminds the quantum computation/coherence/uncertainty/miracles: the elementary you go, the more miraqulous your particles become (Penroze even foolishly decided that NN intuition miracles from Quantum Computation, which can also instantly reduce immense search spaces into a single optimal solution). You, thus may tell that computers are predictable while people are creative (unpredictable). Yet, that is another story. The point is that classical machines can imitate human mind but you need a lot of self-learning connecitons to diffuse your computation. Classical computers (especially supercomputers) can emulate neural networs but they still do not have enough processors to emulate the whole brain (the intellect is growing with the number of synapses and neurons, you know). The classical supercomputers are not just efficient enough to emulate the NN models. Special neural computers are 1000 times more efficient. Yet, even those machines still cannot simulate one human brain. Might be you can simulate a cockroach. It will not add numbers very well but it will bypass obstacles much more efficiently programer-hardwired logic. The latter is likely to never terminate because it will never be able to consider all situations (like blue brain in the chess contest). Intuition by its miracle just picks one, seeming the best and does not consider individual solutions, not even in the background. Yet, programmer will be able to approach the cocroach creativity developing more and more complex algorithm, likewise Deep Blue is looking more intellectual with more CPUs, more brute force and more complex algorithm. The classical approach approaches the intuition model as it becomes more elaborated and difficult to grasp. In the end, programmer may end up with the program, identical to what cocroach have learned naturally without hassle and this program will be a hell. You better start with NN right away.
The only problem why this was not done so far is that it is still costly to produce quadrillion of transistors/synapses. Nevertheless, the real brains are specialized NN hardware, after all and there is nothing in theory that can forbid miracles of artificial intelligence.
A bit messy but I think that the idea is clear. We need an efficient computer to emulate a neural network and thus we'll get an intuition. All the (classical) computers we have around are intended for execuing statements like "if input = this value then set that register/output that value, proceed to next statement". This way you program stupid, non-creative slaves, uncapable to learn and react immediatly finding more or less optimal solutions in the sea yet difficiency of required information. On the other hand, deterministic predictibility of the slaves is more efficient for routine, easy to formalize tasks like adding two numbers where intuition machine is overkill and may simply refuse to follow your commands being in bad mood, you know. You'll have to negotiate with AI.


POE power pass through

Question: Is it possible to connect the center taps of two Ethernet magnetics to each other back-to-back to pass the power from one port to another. Does it make sense? Is anything special required?
Comment: makes sense to me ... give it a try
Comment: why would you want to do that?
Comment: The two ports will connect to a self powered Ethernet switch. Therefore the switch will not need the power from the POE. The device on these two ports will connect to POE devices on both ends.
Answer: Confirmed with vendor that this will work as long as the signals from each port are connected properly to a separate PHY and that each PHY provides proper impedance termination. IEEE802.3 is a point to point standard. As such you would need 1 PHY per each ICM.

POE power pass through


How can I find temperature of microcontroller?

Question: In some boards which environment temperature goes up could cause high temperature in micro controller. This will effect on micro and bad situation maybe occurs. For example I have designed a device which used in a box. This box was near a motor and after some load to motor I encountered a high temperature near micro. So, anyone could help me if there is any solution for finding temperature of micro? This micro could be AVR or PIC. If micro could find it's temperature, it could terminate working before any bad damage.
Answer: At least some (I don't know about all of them) AVRs have a temperature sensor on-chip, which is connected to the ADC.

The temperature measurement is based on an on-chip temperature sensor that is coupled to a single ended ADC channel. The sensor is a diode that produces a temperature dependent voltage. This voltage is measured with the ADC. The voltage has a linear relationship to temperature and the result has approximately a 1 LSB/°C correlation to temperature.
(from this application note)

A number of PIC devices also have an internal temperature indicator, like the PIC16F15xx and 16F18xx.

This family of devices is equipped with a temperature
  circuit designed to measure the operating temperature
  of the silicon die. The circuit's range of operating
  temperature falls between -40°C and +85°C. The
  output is a voltage that is proportional to the device
  temperature. The output of the temperature indicator is
  internally connected to the device ADC.
  The circuit may be used as a temperature threshold
  detector or a more accurate temperature indicator,
  depending on the level of calibration performed. A one-point
  calibration allows the circuit to indicate a
  temperature closely surrounding that point. A two-point
  calibration allows the circuit to sense the entire range
  of temperature more accurately.
(from this datasheet)

Further reading
AVR122: Calibration of the AVR's internal temperature reference, Atmel application note,
Using the AVR internal temperature sensor,
PIC16F15xx datasheet, p.133
AN1333: Use and Calibration of the Internal Temperature Indicator, Microchip application note,
Comment: What is your recommendation for PIC micro? Is there any solution for PIC micro controller?
Comment: @medhi - updated my answer.
Answer: Some micros come with temperature sensors built in.  There are some PIC 16, for example, but I don't remember the specific model numbers.  On other PICs, the watchdog timer interval is a predictable function of temperature.  You can determine temperature with a initial calibration and then measuring the watchdog interval at run time.  None of these methods are very accurate, but if you only need a rough idea of too hot, then might be good enough.
For anything else, use a external temperature sensor.  There are many available, both digital and analog.  If you have a spare analog input pin on the micro, then a simple analog sensor will probably be easiest.  Otherwise, you will need to use something like IIC, SPI, or one-wire.
Comment: Timing variation sounds interesting, but does the watchdog vary enough more than the internal RC clock source does to be able to measure against it?  Or would this only work with a crystal as a clock source?
Comment: @Chris: The app note I saw on this a long time ago may have been before PICs commonly had internal oscillators.  Look around on the Microchip site and you may find it, then it should tell you more.  I have never actually done this, but I definitely remember seeing a appnote on this subject.  It could have been over 10 years ago.
Answer: The PIC16F1503 is one that has an internal temperature sensor. Others are the PIC16F1526/7/8/9.
Comment: You're just too late, Leon. I just added that to my answer :-)


Infinite population mean?

Question: When reading about the central limit theorem, the concept of infinite population mean arises.How can a population mean be infinite?
Comment: A population mean can be infinite quite easily, although it does require whatever value you're computing the mean of to be unbounded, obviously.  What's the context here?
Comment: The central limit theorem is about the behaviour of the mean of $n$ independent random variables as $n$ increases without limit.  But $n$ remains finite.  For example, you could imagine throwing a fair die an arbitrarily large number of times and considering the distribution of the average of the throws and how close it is likely to be to $3.5$.
Comment: You should read "infinite-population mean", not "infinite population-mean" !
Answer: Two examples of random variables $Y$ with 'infinite' $E(Y).$
1)  Let $X$ be geometric with $P(X = i) = 1/2^i,$ for $ i = 1, 2, \dots.$
Then let $Y = 2^X.$ If you try to find $E(Y)$ you get
an infinite sum with all terms equal to 1.
2) Let $X \sim T(1),$ Student's t distribution with one
degree of freedom. Then let $Y = |X|.$
Very roughly speaking, the tails need to be 'fat' enough
that $\sum |x|f(x)$ or $\int |x|f(x)\,dx$ (taken over all values)
is infinite, but not so fat as to prevent
$\sum f(x) = 1$ or $\int f(x)\,dx = 1$ (or you wouldn't
have a legitimate distribution).
Addendum: Also, relevant to conditions for the CLT: It is possible to
have a random variable $Y$ for which $E(Y)$ exists and $Var(Y)$
does not; $T(2)$ is one example.

Infinite population mean?


Time service / monkey test

Question: I have "Vonino onyx QS" tablet and "Monkey test , Time service , Guard service" are always open . How uninstal this?
Answer: To remove the complete malware, you have to root your phone, as it needs to hectic tools to remove.
By XDA Forums :

Root your Tablet with root app, or by using Root Software, the complete guide is here: Root your Phone

[Note: USB DEBUGGING MUST BE ENABLED Turn on Usb Debugging by going to settings> developer options> Usb debugging]

Turn off wifi/3G/4G, and then go to settings> apps> all> disable time service and monkey test. (If already frozen via titanium backup or other app) skip this.
Open Root explorer go to system/xbin and see if there is any file starting with a dot (eg: .ext.base) also note that every (.) file has diff permission then the rest of other files. So just remember those files with dots because those are the one that you're going to remove in terminal emulator.
Go back to system and then go to Priv-app folder and look for these two files
1 cameraupdate.apk [2] providerCertificate.apk and also notice permission of these two files are different then the rest of Apks so these two are the base of MT TS virus and needs to be deleted.
Open Terminal Emulator OR if you have access to your device via adb from a computer.
WHAT TO TYPE IN TERMINAL EMULATOR or ADB (CMD Windows)

<code>adb devices (Type this line if you're using adb Windows)
adb shell
su
mount -o remount,rw /system
cd system/priv-app
chattr -iaA providerCertificate.apk
rm providerCertificate.apk
chattr -aA cameraupdate.apk
rm cameraupdate.apk
cd ..
cd system/xbin
chattr -iaA .b
rm .b
chattr -iaA .ext.base
rm .ext.base
chattr -iaA .sys.apk
rm .sys.apk
</code>

[NOTE: If you are using older version than KK you need not to type priv-app just type cd system/app]

Please make sure you type the file name correctly just as providerCertificate C is capital otherwise permission wont change.
Exit Emulator/ADB

Taken Source :
1) http://forum.xda-developers.com/general/general/fix-monkey-test-time-service-virus-t3194907
2) https://akshatshibu.wordpress.com/earn-easy-money-by-sharing-links-on-the-internet/how-to-remove-monkeytest-%EF%BC%88ghost-push%EF%BC%89malware/

Time service / monkey test


Confused about requirements for rendering

Question: This is probably a small matter, but I'm new here and everything is still confusing. I have a Dell i5-3570 and nothing fancy for graphics yet. When I run a program called "GPU caps" it says that my setup has OpenCL level 1.2. But when I go to "Blender Preferences - System" if I ask to use OpenCL for rendering it says I don't have an OpenCL-compatible card and have to use CPU-only. (I tried to upgrade the driver, Intel said they have a new one but they won't install it because the manufacturer hasn't approved it, and I contacted the manufacturer and they said they won't bother evaluating the new driver because the system is too old, even though it's a quad running at 3.4 GHz.) It seems like the program ought to be able to correctly assess the hardware environment, what's my incentive to upgrade the GPU if it might not correctly recognize the new one either? Or is there just a minimum level of OpenCL the program has to see to say it's "compatible"? Thanks.
Comment: do you have an NVidia 920MX?
Comment: I wish. All I have is the "Intel 2500", thinking maybe a GTX 1050 Ti LP later when my stimulus comes in. It still ought to correctly recognize what I have though. Maybe it's the analysis tool that's wrong, like I say I don't know much about this stuff. (The manufacturer said the initial version of the setup was OpenCL 1.1 but that document was referencing an earlier version of the CPU so I think the 1.2 is the right number.) Hey I'm trying to do the bits of homework I can understand!
Comment: Your hardware doesn't fulfill the [requirements for GPU rendering](https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/latest/render/cycles/gpu_rendering.html#supported-hardware).
Comment: Related question: https://blender.stackexchange.com/a/173480
Answer: Im not 100% sure on this but you can try CUDA and check only your GPU (or both if you want). As far as I know, blender requires GCN generation 2 and up. Im not sure if that is the number you're referencing, but I would try CUDA first.
Comment: Thank you. It would have made more sense if the requirement (and also the selection tab) option was something relevant like "GCN 2+" rather than something like "OpenCL" which is essentially irrelevant as regards what has to be present. I guess we're a long way from the days when if you met the requirements for an "industry standard requirement" you could expect the thing you plugged in to actually work. And I had just learned that it was now OpenCL not OpenGL! By the time I'm ready to need this info it'll probably all go over to fiber optics not wires. Sorry to upset you, it's not your fault!
Comment: Not really, OpenCL is a framework, like Cuda & Optix. Choosing Either of these in Blender means to choose which framework Blender should use, which is possible only if you have the appropriate GPU. GCN is only a bunch of architecture instructions used by AMD GPUs for basic functioning. See it like frameworks being recipes and GCN an ingredient. Each recipe uses different ingredients that are specific, but give a similar end result. If you don't have the right ingredients, you can't use a recipe. Yet it doesn't make sense to name the recipe by all its required ingredients.


Automatically close Output window in vsc running salesforce CLI

Question: I have switched from Sublime to VSCode.  I have found ways to make most of VSCode work the way I want.  The main thing I wish I could do is when I deploy to the org if it is successful I would like the Output window and SFDX notice to automatically close.  Does anyone know of a way to do this?
Answer: Not an answer but I don't seem to have enough reputation to comment that I would really love this feature to be included.
And if the error detection is difficult to do in a timely manner, please provide a settings flag to just not open the output window and or show the toast popup message that the operation is running and only show a toast popup on completion.
Comment: This is my biggest annoyance.  You would think it wouldn't be that big of a deal but I end up leaving it open so loose 3 inches of screen


bedroom door will not close after hinges werre changed

Question: my son kicked his bedroom from the inside and the hinges were bent forward. I changed the hinges and now the door doesn't close there is a 1/4 in between the hinges when you close the door. I just try to do things myself but I wanted to see if anyone has some suggestions thank you Kay South
Comment: That much force could have knocked the Door Jamb out of whack. ( whack is a technical term for alignment, plumb, level. )
Answer: Make sure the hinge plates are sitting in the recessed hinge seats & are flush to the door jamb & the door edge. Another cause could be that 1 or more hinges are upside down. Make sure the removable pin is on top or the hinges won't close. Also, you may need longer or thicker screws as the screw holes may not be holding tightly any longer.
Answer: This happened to me and I figured it out. One of the three hinges wasn't on right. It was not upside down, since the pin was at the top.  So if you hold a hinge, they flap in and out. Mine was flapping the wrong way, even though it was upright. The brand on the hinges should be facing inward, when it's up. Or if you're holding it flat on your hand the brand should be on top. So try installing it while flapped the opposite way. Check all the hinges on the door and make sure they're all facing the same way when flapped.
Comment: Hello, and welcome to Home Improvement. Thanks for the answer; keep 'em coming. And, you should probably [take our tour](//diy.stackexchange.com/tour) so you'll know how best to contribute here.
Answer: If the hinge plates aren't flat  against each other they may be bent from the door being forced closed. Remove the hinge with the 1/4 inch gap to see if it closes completely. Hammer them together if not and re-install.  Make certain the hinges are exactly in the door and jamb mortises (recess for the hinge).   It may also be the strike plate is not in-line with the door catch.


Factor loading in SEM

Question: i have run a SEM model which has number of explanatory variables. in order to improve the GOF on my model i remove those variables which has low factor loading. but this affects the factor loading of remaining variables. what is the technical explanation of this?
Answer: Generally speaking, factor loading values for a set of indicators shouldn't move around too much with the removal of a limited number of indicators; they are interpreted as estimates of the true population loading values of those indicators for that particular latent variable. Thus, as long as the latent variable you are modeling stays the same, so too (to a large extent) should the estimated loading values for its indicators. If you are seeing substantive shifts in the value of remaining factor loadings, it may be the case that you are removing so many indicators that you are actually changing the substance of the latent variable you are modeling.
A rough conceptual example of this in action might be if you had a set of five indicators of Negative Emotion (e.g., "Nervous", "Worried", "Sad", "Depressed", "Concerned"). If, however, you removed "Sad" and "Depressed", the substance of you latent variable might actually be closer to representing Anxiety, specifically (i.e., "Nervous", "Worried", "Concerned"), than the more general Negative Emotion construct.
So, my intuition is that you are simply removing so many indicator variables that you are no longer measuring the exact latent construct you were initially modeling, hence the changed loading values. Then again, perhaps the amount of change you're seeing in loading values isn't that large, in which case, I wouldn't worry too much about it.
Comment: Here is a great piece on this topic: http://psycnet.apa.org/record/1999-03663-004

Factor loading in SEM


Is there a bash builtin command which can show the environment variables of the current shell?

Question: env and printenv are both external commands i.e. executable files, not bash builtins.
The problem with them is that some environment variables (such as _, and I also wonder if there are more) which they output don't belong to the shell which invokes them, see here.
Comment: is `export` not what you're looking for? `If no names are supplied ... a list of names of all exported variables is displayed.`
Answer: declare -x or will list all variables marked for export, as will export:
$ declare -x
declare -x ALTERNATE_EDITOR=""
declare -x COLORFGBG="7;0"
declare -x COMMAND_MODE="unix2003"
...
declare -x VISUAL="gvim"

It will not list any local variables that are not exported, but will include variables inherited from the shell's outer environment.
declare -x -F -p will omit any exported functions.
Comment: Thanks. I was wondering why environment variable `_` is not shown in the output of `export`?
Comment: Bash sets `_` in the environment of executables it calls to the path it found the executable at, but `$_` is not exported and represents what you typed instead.
Comment: Do you mean `_` isn't an environment variable in the current bash shell, by "$_ is not exported and represents what you typed instead."?
Comment: Yes. The environmental _ is set post-fork, pre-exec, unconnected to the local _.
Comment: Thanks, though still confused due to my lack of knowledge. Your comments inspire my https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/436615/674
Answer: Note the wording in the Bash manual: "all variables marked for export". What we think of the "environment" of a process is what's passed in the envp parameter of the execve system call, and only what is passed via this parameter. The rest is just an illusion. The calling process (a shell or any other type of process) can do whatever it wants with the received variables, according to how it is documented to behave. It can pass the variables it received to a subprocess, or it can choose not to.
What I am aiming at with all this is that there is no magical environment variable block that just automatically gets passed in the shades from a parent process to its children. The parent process can do what it wants with its own "environment", hack it to pieces, encrypt it in memory, copy it to some other address in the process space (which Bash does), etc. There can not be any external mechanism, nor a kernel mechanism, to inspect the environment of a process (wait – read the comment on /proc/PID/environ below). The only thing that matters is that the exporting process should collect the pieces and pass an environment to its child processes according to its own rules; in the case of Bash, the rules are listed in the Bash manual.
What this means is that the file /proc/$$/environ is deceptive. It does not reflect any changes to the shell's environment, but just reports what the shell received when it was execed by the parent process.
Answer: No, there is not.
There are three sets of "variables" here.

The Bourne Again shell inherits a set of environment variables from whatever parent process forked and executed it.  These remain the environment variables of the Bourne Again shell process throughout its lifetime.
These environment variables initialize the second set, the shell variables that the Bourne Again shell lets users see and manipulate with commands such as declare.
This second set of shell variables determines, by dint of which shell variables are marked as exportable (alongside a couple of other mechanisms, outwith the scope of this answer), what environment variables child processes forked by the Bourne Again shell themselves inherit after execve to run an external command in that child process.

The first set are "the environment variables of the current shell".  The second set are shell variables, and the third set are environment variables of a child process.
Although it is possible for the Bourne Again shell to alter its process environment variables, and make that alteration visible to other processes, as I explained programs can do at https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/432681/5132, in practice the Bourne Again shell does not do this.
Similarly, it is possible for the Bourne Again shell to provide access to its environment variables, but it does not, only providing access to the shell variables derived from those environment variables at shell program startup.
(I mention the Bourne Again shell because of the question, but in fact most shells have similar behaviour and this isn't really specific to the Bourne Again shell.)
And of course external programs like env and printenv display the third set of variables.
To see the environment variables of the current shell process, one has to use an external command: ps ewwww -p $$ or hexdump -C /compat/linux/proc/$$/environ (just /proc on Linux operating systems)
Further reading

What is the difference in usage between shell variables and environment variables?
Difference between environment variables and exported environment variables in bash
Comment: Thanks. I am not sure what you meant by "Although it is possible for the Bourne Again shell to alter its process environment variables, and make that alteration visible to other processes, as I explained programs can do at https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/432681/5132, in practice the Bourne Again shell does not do this" and "Similarly, it is possible for the Bourne Again shell to provide access to its environment variables, but it does not, only providing access to the shell variables derived from those environment variables at shell program startup." Could you rephrase and/or elaborate?
Answer: declare -p will list everything it seems. Your question is a bit misleading because the "environment variables" are technically those that are exported, those that aren't are merely local shell variables.
Comment: I don't understand how this answers the question.  Consider: **Question:** "How do I kill all the termites in my house?"  **Answer:** "Use a thermonuclear bomb, which will kill everything within a radius of a few miles.  Your question is misleading because termites are technically just a species of insect that eats wood.  People, birds, cats, dogs, earthworms, foxes, gophers, horses, and other animals that will also be killed are different species."  … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …  How is the OP's question misleading?


How to replace bathroom lights

Question: The previous lights in my bathroom were "Hollywood" style. I'd like to replace it with a more traditional/modern vanity light.  Question is, there doesn't appear to be an outlet/gang box like I'm used to. If I take this plate off, how would I mount the new fixture?
Comment: Can you get us a closeup of where the wires enter the fixture at?
Comment: Considering that there's a clamp holding the 'romex' as it enters the fixture through that plate, I'd guess that the fixture itself is the 'box' and there probably isn't one in the wall.
But once you undo the wires and the clamp and remove that plate, you could probably cut a larger hold in the drywall to fit an 'old work' box there. It looks like you have enough length in that existing cable to stay legal ...
Comment: I would remove the 2 screws and look behind the fixture to see if the box is in the wall, the clamp may have been that MFG's way of protecting the wires entering the fixture. As far as the new fixture we would need to see it or have a part number to have a clue on mounting.
Comment: brhans, can you explain by "stay legal"?
Answer: It doesn't appear that they used a junction box.  It seems the romex is entering this fixture through that clamp on the right of that lamp socket.  If you remove the several screws holding this plate to the wall, there is probably a hole in the drywall where the cable is.   If there was a j-box it should have been behind those cutouts in the center.
So, if that's the case, you can buy an old work j-box, and cut and fit it yourself.  Then mount your new fixture to that.
An old work j-box looks like this and mounts to the drywall.  https://www.homedepot.com/p/Carlon-1-Gang-14-cu-in-Old-Work-PVC-Electrical-Outlet-Box-B114RB/1004040271
How to install
Comment: Assuming that's the case (that there is no j-box), how does one install the old work box?  Do I need to cut the drywall and nail the box to a stud?  How do I route the wiring, especially if the stud it running between the center and light #4 (given that the wires are to the right of light #4).
Comment: Yes you would have to cut the drywall, but an old work box is designed to attach to the drywall with clamps.  Depending on how much slack you have in the cable you can move it around to better suit your new fixture.   If there is a stud, then you have to look at the situation.  If you're lucky, you could drill though and fish to the other side.  This will of course cause more cutting and eventual patching.   If you get a fixture similar to your current, there is nothing wrong with punching a hole through the back plate where ever, and protect the wire from cuts.

How to replace bathroom lights


What is a temporary solution for a damaged car body?

Question: What can I use to protect the scratched part from getting rusty? I am seeking a temporary solution for a week or two till I have the time to take it to get repaired.
Comment: Can you clarify whether the affected area is a plastic or a metal surface?
Answer: The damage pictures appears to be on a bumper which is made of ABS plastic and therefore won't rust.
If it were a metal panel, a temporary fix is a dab of nail varnish.
Comment: That picture appears to be the rear of the vehicle, just under the tail light.  Look at how the rub strip is moulded into the panel and how the panel bends around the car.  Very cheap and easy to produce in impact plastic, very expensive to produce in metal.
Comment: Curious here, how can you determine that?
Answer: A small dob of grease over the affected area will keep water off.
It is easily removed come the time of a proper repair and does not run the risk of further damage from overly aggressive tape adhesive.
The grease will stay put during rain.
The grease will collect road dirt as you continue to drive, but this sticks to the surface of the grease and comes away easily when needed.
Comment: Forgive me if this is a stupid question, but should any particular kind of grease be used? WD-40? White lithium? Dielectric? Multi-purpose?
Answer: Duct tape to the rescue!
If we're talking a week or two, then you are running relative low risk of getting rust. If on the other side you want to be sure, then you need to protect that area from getting wet and have access to air, which are needed for it to rust.
Using a bit of duct tape to cover the scratch should suffice to keep it dry and limit air access. You can even get black duct tape, if you are worried on the esthetic aspect.
Edit: Quick fix or not...
Using tape (or grease as suggested in another answer) are quick fixes, which are easily reverted. Using glue or nail varnish (as suggested in some of the other answwers), is slightly more permanent and not so easy to remove when you want to do the real fix later on.
In essence, the main idea in most of the answers so far, is to cover up the affected area. But be careful that whatever cover you are using, it won't create extra work when you want to do real fix (i.e. having to sand away the previous fix, when an easier wash operation could have sufficed).
Comment: I would HIGHLY advise not to use duct tape. You risk pulling up more paint now that it has an edge to pull at.
Comment: @holroy The paint is chipped. You now have an exposed edge of the paint.  Duct tape is sticky enough and will have enough pulling force when removing to pull that paint off. Also, you shouldn't use duct tape on car paint anyway. It's a nightmare to remove.
Comment: @Devin exactly what I thought before asking this question, then almost believed holroy's answer. Thanks for your comment.
Comment: If your paint job has edges which are likely to come off when removing the duct tape, then you have a bigger issue than the few marks shown in the picture.
Comment: I  would never have suggested this answer if there was a slight risk of extending the damage
Comment: @devin I recognise that our experience differs with respect to car paint and duct tape.
Answer: If your bumper is made of plastic there is no chance of rust. Rust is the metals  oxidizing.
If it is metal a few layers of PVA glue will protect the metal and not look as bad as tape or grease.
Comment: I will expand my answer a little later.
Answer: I know of a person that put wax on a spot of rust to prevent any more water/oxygen getting to it.  He didn't get back to it for a long time, but when he finally did look at it again, the rust hadn't spread.  This was, if I recall correctly, in a protected area of the car, so might not apply as readily to external damage.  Could be a quick fix for someone, though, so I thought I might mention it.
Answer: I would use a can of spray primer, as it would not need to be removed when you do the repair.
Answer: Instead of wax you can find a crayon the same color as the car . It is easy to use!


2 breakers - should they work as one?

Question: I have a circuit with 2 15 amp breakers. They don't act, individually they both have to be shut off to shut off the circuits. Am I looking for an outlet with two devices?  Example switch and outlet?
The breakers used to break individually, but something happened in the circuit to join the breaker, I have replaced the breaker but the problem is still there.  I think it maybe somewhere in the house joining the two circuits, but how do I troubleshoot it. I flipped the two circuits and found all the outlets and lights that are on those circuits, but I thought one outlet might be common to both circuits and shorting them together. It is a house in the state of Washington.
Comment: Are you describing power wiring in a home or other structure? Where on the planet are you? Power methods vary in different countries.
Answer: Assuming this is in the USA, 120V system, there are generally two possibilities:

240V circuit

A dryer, range, air conditioner or other large appliance will use a 240V circuit, which will be implemented in the breaker panel as a pair of breakers - one on each "leg". However, that is normally for 30A or more. I can't think of any reasons to bother with 240V that wouldn't also use more power. So 15A x 2 is much more likely to be...

MultiWire Branch Circuit MWBC

This uses two breakers, each controlling a single hot wire and sharing a neutral. The breakers need to be tied together for common shutoff. Because US wiring does not normally have breakers on the neutral wire, without common shutoff you could turn off the breaker on one circuit in order to work on it but if there is any usage of the second circuit then there would be current flowing through the shared neutral wire, which would be a major safety hazard.
Where are MWBCs?
They could be anywhere. A typical use is to have one hot power the top receptacle and the other hot power the bottom receptacle in a series of duplex receptacles. But really they could be anywhere (including receptacles, lights, etc.) and, from the perspective of the person using the receptacle (plugging in a toaster or radio or vacuum cleaner or whatever) it looks and functions no differently than an ordinary circuit.
Answer: You're talking about two separate functions: common trip and common maintenance shutoff.
Mains power has a neutral wire, and one or more "hot" poles. Most outlets and lights tap between neutral and a pole.  Some high-power devices like tap pole to pole because they work better on higher voltage (to be more precise, less current so lower voltage drop.)  Some devices use multiple poles and neutral also.  As it works out, with up to 3 poles, the neutral will not carry more than the busiest pole.
Our bailiwick in the DIY stack is residential.  North American power always provides two poles, arranged opposite (180 degrees) so their voltages add up.  Europe/Asia usually supplies 1 pole but can supply 2 or all 3 if the need is there.
When a device takes 2 or more poles, both hots have common maintenance shutoff, and here's why: even if the multi-pole circuit serves all line-neutral loads, a maintainer might plug a radio into one outlet and flip off breakers until the radio stops, and deem the circuit safe.  Then get nailed by the neutral or the other hot.
In some cases common trip is also required for safety.  Common trip mechanisms are not the obvious handle-tie; they use internal mechanisms within the breaker. Accessory "Handle Ties" can be obtained that will allow ganging individual breakers for common maintenance shutoff.  These do not guarantee common trip.
When you see a 2-pole breaker, you are dealing with (in North America)

a 240V-only appliance like an air conditioner or water heater;
a 240V/120V appliance like a dryer or range/oven (120V for the oven light)
a "multi-wire branch circuit" where all the loads are hot-neutral, they just share neutral to save wire.
Answer: What is the circuit? If you have for example a power system where you derive your voltage across two legs and not a leg to neutral it could be the case where you fuse both legs to ensure no current flows in the event of a fault. This example im providing is common practice on ships since the power is a delta system and is derived across two legs of the transformer. However in such a system there isnt any neutral but the power inductively couples the ships hull. In this case it was common to read 60VAC from any leg of the transformer to the hull of the ship. So if there was a fault and only one leg popped, there is a chance someone can get electrocuted from the low leg of the device being powered, hence the need to provide a breaker on both legs. Hope this helps!

2 breakers - should they work as one?


Did Orichimaru use the real bodies of the First and Second Hokage against the Third on the rooftop?

Question: I just wanna know if it was the real bodies, if so, wouldn't they be like skeletons??
Comment: Edo Tensei uses a living or recently killed body. However, as mentioned below, the full jutsu also encases the human sacrifice in ash, and sort of "reforms" them into the reincarnated one.
Answer: Orochimaru used the bodies of Zaku and Kin to summon the Hokage.
The jutsu basically recreates the body of the reincarnated person at the time of their death using the body of the sacrifice.

To actually perform the Impure World Reincarnation, the DNA of the person to be reincarnated is smeared on a special scroll. Once the scroll is activated, the remains spread out in the form of a special seal with the living sacrifice in the centre. Then dust and ash encase the sacrifice's body, giving them the same appearance that the reincarnated had at the time of their death; the process is apparently painful for the sacrifice.

Wiki


developing an app that integrates with bitcoin

Question: is there something like the paypal sandbox test accounts for coinbase that I could use to test the app that I'm developing?
Comment: i think btcipn.com have tesnet IPN, my friends told me once but didn't check yet
Answer: If you are integrating with bitcoin directly, then you can use the bitcoin testnet (https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Testnet).
If you are using a payment processor, Coinbase does not have sandbox feature like PayPal, although they have expressed interest in creating one based on bitcoin's testnet.  Coinbase does allow sending test payment notifications (IPN) from their merchant settings page (https://coinbase.com/merchant_settings).
Bitpay's FAQ (https://bitpay.com/faq) states that they too do not have a sandbox, and advises testing with small amounts of BTC.
Comment: BitPay do support testnet now. https://test.bitpay.com/
Answer: Somewhat yes. Bitcoin has a Testnet that is a fully functioning Bitcoin network (you can even mine on it) but isn't really traded for money. It's safe to use and send transactions to.
Comment: Apologies - I missed the bit about Coinbase specifically. You're really integrating with Coinbase in that case, not 'Bitcoin'. If you wanted to interact with a test Bitcoin network itself, then my answer is valid.


Why should rice be cooked uncovered?

Question: The recipe on rice packs I buy says rice should be boiled uncovered. Why is that? I tend to cover it while cooking as it lets me use much less power. Do I miss something taste-wise?
Comment: what kind of rice ? is the rice par-cooked ? or 5-minutes rice packs ?
Comment: 10 minutes is short for non-parboiled rice.  Is there a long sitting time after that?
Comment: This is strange because apparently all rice cookers are covered, and 10 minutes seem way too short... I would choose to trust my experience rather than the recipe on the packs.
Comment: @Max Basmati rice, not parboiled, cooking time 10 minutes.
Answer: You can cook rice covered or uncovered, it will not impact the flavor.  The amount of liquid you begin with, and your cooking time, could certainly be impacted. There are several methods for cooking rice (covered, uncovered, and both).  If you are using pre- or par-cooked rice, the directions are likely just a finishing step, formulated so that you don't over-cook the product.  You could still use a cover, but would likely need to keep a close eye on it or experiment a bit to get a result you like.
Answer: There are a lot of different methods for cooking rice. If you use a method that is intended for uncovered cooking and cover the rice, the rice will turn out waterlogged.
If you want to cook your rice covered, you have to follow a method that is intended for covered cooking.
Comment: There are methods intended for draining the water, this is not in itself a sign of a problem. I mean that the rice kernels themselves are waterlogged.
Comment: What do you mean by "waterlogged"? There's water remaining at the end of the cooking which I drain, so it hardly seems to be a problem. I get the point though: the suggested amount of rice/water is stated for uncovered cooking, if I put the cover on I should use more rice or less water, right?
Answer: If the recipe did not require you to wash the rice, then it would explain a lot. Without washing the rice, you'll be getting a lot of excess starch in the grains, and boiling with a lid on would likely result in it foaming-over (usually making a mess).
Did the recipe specify to cover it after the water is absorbed, or not cover it al all? Typical instructions for cooking rice on the stove include covering the rice after it boils.
Answer: Apart from the other answers given, certain types of rice and lentils when being boiled, create a lot of froth and bubbles. When the vessel is closed, these bubbles do not break up easily, and they build up and spill over the vessel. They also sputter quite a lot and leave a mess over the stove top.
Comment: Sure, but for me the the whole point of covering is to reduce the power to the minimum, at which the water barely boils at all. Covering without reducing the power results in exactly the result you have described.

Why should rice be cooked uncovered?


What is a convention way of displaying a list of offers on a landing page

Question: I've a landing page with a list of offers, currently shown in a table. I'm not happy with the way it looks and I want to change it to a different UX layout. The page is http://www.georidersmtb.com/tours/ I was thinking about doing an accordion with the info in the slide down section, but I'm not 100% about it. Any suggestions welcome.
Answer: I think the main problem you are dealing with is the density of information you are able to display. Using cards or a table are both good solution once you treated the real problem - what is the most appealing for the user.
First, I would clear some space by removing the redondant links to "details" / "read more". In the same way, the booking button can be changed into a figure displaying remaining places for the trip and the book button placed on the trip page.
Whether you use "cards" or a table to display the information, making the package look more visual attracts curiosity in a more efficient way than text. You could:
- use colours to rate the difficulty,
- put a picture of the landscape (seen on the trip) or a map as main object to describe the trip...
Another idea would be to create a flow through which the user is taken. I don't know much about cycling, but difficulty > motivation (landscape/sport/people) > destination may help the user select a trip.
Anyway, the user should always decide this kind of parameters...
Comment: really great ideas. Making it more visual is definitely a step forward
Answer: I don't actaully dislike the use of the table. It is very expressive in the information that it contains so I get a good overview of the tours that the site offers.
My suggestions to improve the table could be:

Move the "book" column to the right, I won't book anything without reading what it is first so putting the emphasis on the sale after I've read what the tour is would be a more logical place to put it.
There are three links to read more but they have inconsistent styling. I would remove the "More info" column. The title of the tour is styled so that I know it is a link, there is also the obvious "read more" link at the end of the description which I think would suffice.
Difficulty rating and number of days could be expressed via icons instead of text. Icons are able to instantly communicate and make the site easier to be scanned.

If you do however want to move away from the table, small widgets are a good alternative.
GAdventures uses widgets to advertise tours in a good way. The use of a map to show where the tours go is a very quick way for the user to understand what the tour is, so much so that GAdventures have put the map above the name of the tour.
Rather than using a 0-5 rating on difficulty they have coloured in bars to express the physical demands of the tour. All the information required for the user to decide about enquiring further is displayed in a compact box.


Remaster "contextual" synonym

Question: If remastering means to remake an audio or video recording of better quality with new technologies, then what's the equivalent verb for remaking a document or publication i.e. book with new technologies? For example, the formal document could be a lot better in pictures and formatting, but there is a new technology that can make things a lot better looking and formatted.
Comment: Your own term *reformat* works. If video and music etc are added, it is *remade*, another term you've used.
Comment: I meant to say, he used an old technology with an old software tool, and I would like to *remake* it with a new one, as I am doing it from scratch. I think *remake* a file (without music and video) makes sense as well.
Answer: reissue (v.)

Make a new supply or different form of (a product, especially a book
or record) available for sale.
The book was reissued with a new epilogue. Lexico

To issue (something, esp. printed or recorded matter) again,
frequently in a different form. OED

reissue (n.)

The second or renewed issuing of something, esp. of a book, record,
film, or other publication; an instance of this; (also) a book, etc.,
that has been issued again, frequently in a different form. OED

When Mikhailov's book was reissued in 1949, the "revised and
completed" edition underwent some interesting shifts." Thomas
Lahusen; How Life Writes the Book

It wasn't until 2011, however, that the book [From Here to Eternity]
was reissued with the gay content restored. Hugh Ryan; When
Brooklyn Was Queer

Interestingly, his 1947 book was reissued in different formats in 2014
(paperback), 2015 (hardcover) and 2017 (kindle). Vincent Palamara;
Who's Who in the Secret Service

Two years later the book was reissued with a new cover image – a
child on a swing – aimed at a summer reading market. G. Clark and A.
Phillips; Inside Book Publishing

When the book was reissued with additional material in 1985, it
sold more than 200,000 copies in less than a year. Carol Kort; A to
Z of American Women Writers

The book was reissued in an expanded edition the following decade in
which Le Corbusier analysed the use of the Modulor system in the Unité
building... Tom Allbeson; Photography, Reconstruction and the
Cultural History of the Postwar European City

The book was reissued in a revised and reformatted new edition
under the title A guide to the birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia,
including American Samoa, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga ... Martin
Daly; Tonga

The reissue of the book also includes a DVD of Meiselas's 1991
documentary Pictures from a Revolution ... American Photo, vol.
19, n.6
Answer: The normal publishing term is revising. Revision applies to reformatting, to the insertion of new material, to the correction of errors and to any other aspects that do not detract substantially from the nature, content and purposes of the original.

revision
the process of changing a document, book, etc. in order to improve it, correct mistakes, or make it contain the most recent information
Cambridge dictionary
Comment: *Revision* normally implies that the changes were made to the substance of the document, and nor merely to the font, layout, and suchlike. Remastering a sound recording seems more analogous to the latter than to the former.

Remaster “contextual” synonym


Matrix effect in mathematica?

Question: this time I write to share my doubt, a friend of mine shared the following video  Matrix Raining Code Animation  and asked me, is it possible to do this effect in mathematica ?, the first thing that came to mind was to use RANDOMINTEGER [9, {10,10 }] But I do not know how to do the number rain and the color change. Any help to make the effect is welcome, thanks in advance.
Comment: [Playing with Matrix falling code in Mathematica](http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/20557/playing-with-matrix-falling-code-in-mathematica)
Answer: Yes, it could be done.
You could use Graphics[Text[FromLetterNumber[c],{x,y}]] to place random letters c  at x,y locations. Indeed you could use RandomInteger[26] to pick random letter codes for c. The FromLetterNumber function can generate different alphabets, including greek, etc. You'd need to decide what range of the xy-plane you'd want to cover with random letters, and how to space them. Use RandomReal or RandomInteger to pick the starting xy locations. Use Table to create a table of random letters distributed over the plane. Use RGBColor to set the color. You'll want to print the same set of letters again, with slightly lower brighness above the first printing of the letter. And so on, several times, to create the trail of letters increasing in brightness downward. Create a frame in this manner, then a sequence of frames. Then use Export to export the sequence of frames as a movie.
It's a bit of work, but I think you can do it.
Comment: Many thanks Chris for your suggestions, they are working great, the code that I share is my first attempt, I am trying to improve it to obtain a result more like the video that I show, any advice is very useful. Do not mention that I am using mathematica 10.0 and do not have the FromLetterNumber command.     Table[num =
   Table[Text[
     Style[RandomInteger[{1, 9}],
      RandomChoice[{Green, White}]], {RandomInteger[{1, 9}],
      RandomInteger[{1, 9}]}], {200}];
  Graphics[{Rectangle[{0, 0}, {10, 10}], num}], {30}];
ListAnimate[%]

Matrix effect in mathematica?


Does Spring have support for SAP JCo transactions?

Question: Does Spring have support for JCo transaction management? How can Transactions be combined with SAP's JCo or JRA transactions?
Regards
Answer: Spring's aim was to ease programming complexities in the java world. As a JAVA programmer your wish is not surprising :)
Spring provides wrapper around standard specifications in JAVA like JTA, JDO, JDBC, etc. Whereas JCo is just a connector API provided by SAP to transact with SAP internal objects and interfaces. Currently, to my knowledge Spring does not provide any support for JCo.
JCo3 supports JCoContext for stateful connections, which is of little help but not to the extent what you may need.
You may actually need to implement JCoServerTIDHandler and one more interface from the same package (I don't exactly remember) for effective control over transaction management. Eventually, it will mean implementing Java Connector Architecture (JCA). This will be the right solution for your problem.
Hope, this helps.


WP8: Memory Leak with Pivot and LongListSelector

Question: I am suffering from a memory leap within my WP8 app.
I have investigated and narrowed the problem down though I would like some guidance on where to go next.
I do have a hunch that the Pivot and LongListSelector are the cause, described below.
Problem Description:
App browses across numerous pages (typically a few dozen).
Memory use is increasing by around 2-4MB per page and not being fully released.
After around 25 pages memory use has increased from 30MB to 90MB.
Existing Code:
I am already performing some cleanup on each page before navigating to the next.
I am also already calling NavigationService.RemoveBackEntry() to keep the Back Stack small.
Investigation:
I have used the Memory Profiler which reveals about 15MB of the growth is my own data that isn't being cleaned up.
The remaining 40-50MB is not included in the Heap Summary (i.e. the total only comes to about 15MB out of the observed 90MB).
I will work on the 15MB, but since it doesn't appear to be the most significant factor, I would like some guidance on sensible next steps.
Possible Cause:
I have another set of pages (again typically a few dozen pages when browsed) composed of very similar content.
These pages however do NOT show the same problem.  Memory use remains low throughout.
Both sets of pages use similar cleanup code when navigating.
One key difference is the affected pages use a Pivot control, each of which has a 3 or 4 Pivot Items, a couple of which contain LongListSelectors.
The LongListSelectors are data bound to Generic Lists generated at run time.  No images, only text.  Not especially long lists, 20 or so items in each.
I have come across a couple of posts vaguely suggesting that this combination of controls is susceptible to memory leaks.
I commented the code that populates these controls, and sure enough, memory use now peaks at around 50-60MB.
It may be even lower if I remove the controls completely (I haven't tested that yet).
So, these controls are not the whole story, but clearly are a large part of the problem.
Question:
Is there a known issue with these controls (LongListSelector, Pivot)?
Should there be some code used to clean up these controls?  I have tried setting the list ItemSource to an empty list, but this had no effect on the memory growth.
Is there any way to workaround it? (obviously changing the type of controls used is one option).
Thanks for reading.
Comment: Could you post xaml and code behind for the LongListSelector and Pivot? Without any code this is difficult to troubleshoot.
Comment: I have investigated further and found a workaround - see
http://cbailiss.wordpress.com/2014/01/24/windows-phone-8-longlistselector-memory-leak/
Answer: After some investigation, I have found what looks like a problem with the LongListSelector recovering memory when it is cleaned up.
I have posted more details and a workaround here:
http://cbailiss.wordpress.com/2014/01/24/windows-phone-8-longlistselector-memory-leak/
Comment: maybe if you removed the LongListSelector control programmatically and added a new one?
Answer: I had a same problem. All I did just changed source List<>s to ObservableCollection<>s, and then on SelectedItem changing I clearing source collection which is not visible at the moment.


creating composite objects with linq to xml

Question: I have a simple xml doc I am reading, a sample is here:
<people>
  <person>
    <name>joe</name>
    <age>21</age>
    <contact>
      <phone-nums>
        <phone-num>
          <number>123-4567</number>
          <type>home</type>
        </phone-num>
        <phone-num>
          <number>123-4567</number>
          <type>office</type>
        </phone-num>
      </phone-nums>
    </contact>
  </person>
</people>

I read it in using HttpContent.ReadAsXElement() and then use Linq to create objects. My simple objects look something like this:
public class PeopleList : List<Person> { }

public class Person
{
    public string name;
    public int age;
    public Contact contact;
}

public class Contact
{
   public PhoneList phones;
}

public class PhoneList : List<Phone>{}

public class Phone
{
    public string number;
    public string type;
}

Ok, so now I have my class that reads it all in which is where I am getting hung up (it's an extension method in my code):
public PeopleList ReadAsPeopleList(this HttpContent content)
    {
        var people = content.ReadAsXElement();

        var personQuery = from p in people.Elements("person")
            select new Person()
            {
                name = p.Element("name").ValueOrDefault(),
                age = p.Element("age").ValueOrDefault(),
                contact = (from c in p.Elements("contact")
                    select new Contact()
                    {
                         //I don't know how to select a new list of phones into a contact here
                    }
            };

        PeopleList l = new PeopleList();
        l.AddRange(personQuery);
        return l;
    }

I'm having trouble creating the contact type with the composite phone number list. Any help would be appreciated.
Note: I rewrote a simplified version of all of this here so
Answer: To get the collection of 'Phone' that needs to go in the contact, you could use this:
c.Elements("phone-num").Select(phone => new Phone()
    {
        number = phone.Element("number").Value,
        type = phone.Element("type").Value
    });

so you want
select new Contact()
{
    PhoneList = c.Elements("phone-num").Select(phone => new Phone()
        {
            number = phone.Element("number").Value,
            type = phone.Element("type").Value
        })
}

Answer: This answer will be a bit skewed from your actual question, but may provide some direction to your eventual solution.
Consider using a List<T> for your collections rather than creating a BusinessObjectCollection : List<T>.  Here's a good SO read that may be of interest: List or BusinessObjectCollection?
With that being said, this is a somewhat tweaked version of your classes; I've used properties instead of fields as well. And finally, since I've not worked with HTTPContext much, I thew together an example using a basic string. The method presented here should be easy enough to convert into an extension method for HTTPContext, though:
public static IEnumerable<Person> ReadAsPeopleList( string xml )
{
    var doc = XDocument.Parse( xml );

    var people = doc.Root.Elements( "person" )
        .Select( x => new Person
        {
            Name = x.Element( "name" ).Value,
            Age = int.Parse( x.Element( "age" ).Value ),
            Contact = new Contact
            {
                Phones = x.Descendants( "phone-num" )
                .Select( p => new Phone
                {
                    Number = p.Element( "number" ).Value,
                    Type = p.Element( "type" ).Value
                } )
            }
        }
        );

    return people;
}

private static string MyXml = @"
<people><person><name>joe</name><age>21</age><contact><phone-nums>
<phone-num><number>123-4567</number><type>home</type></phone-num>
<phone-num><number>123-4567</number><type>office</type></phone-num>
</phone-nums></contact></person><person><name>bill</name><age>30</age>
<contact><phone-nums><phone-num><number>123-4567</number><type>home</type>
</phone-num><phone-num><number>123-4567</number><type>office</type>
</phone-num></phone-nums></contact></person></people>";


How to create a folder shortcut inside another folder?

Question: I'm trying to create a folder shortcut inside another folder. I tried ES File Explorer, but it shows an option to add a shortcut to the home screen only.
How to create a folder shortcut inside another folder in Android?
Comment: Create a folder having other folders, zip it and create a shortcut to zip file of course you will have to unzip every time you access- this is the closest I can think of
Comment: @beeshyams . Ya I tried it but there is no option to add shortcut inside another folder.. There is only add shortcut to homescreen option.
Comment: [How to create a shortcut to some file in another folder?](https://android.stackexchange.com/a/218944/218526)
Answer: To create a "shortcut" to a folder on a file system, you can use symlinks(symbolic links) or bind mounts. You can use an app(e.g. Apps2SD) to do that, or run the command through adb or terminal emulator.
1. Using Apps2SD
You can use an app like Apps2SD to create symlinks(symbolic links) or bind mounts.
You can download Apps2SD from xda or google play(here it's renamed as "App2SD", but the package name is the same).
You can go to its official site to look for some more help. But according to my experience, you need to be careful about the SD card partition whose underlying filesystem format is vfat / FAT32 / extFat(Type 1), in contrast with the internal storage or the 2nd partition on the SD card created by Apps2SD, whose filesystem could be ext4 / ext3 / ... (Type 2).
You can freely create symlinks from a place in Type 2 to another place in Type 2.
But when it comes to file system Type 1, you might have to use bind mounts, which is not exactly a shortcut. For example, using rm -r on a parent folder may have different consequences, as mentioned here:

I should warn against rm -r on a mount --bind. With a ln, it
  removes the link, whereas for a --bind, it has the same effect as
  running the rm -r on the target. Not good, as I found shortly before
  rebuilding one of my servers...

You can, however, create a mount bind using Apps2SD, with the source being in the internal storage(Type 2) and the destination(where the data really is) being in the 1st partition of the SD card(file system of Type 1), in order to save space in the internal storage.
The usages of Apps2SD mentioned above are my personal experiences. You will have to try it yourself if you want to use it differently.
2. Using shell command or shell script
You can do it yourself using commands like ln or mount --bind to create symlinks or bind mounts, respectively.
Check out the command manuals: mount, ln
Other info that might help(provided by Irfan Latif):

How can I make a symlink (or equivalent) inside /storage/emulated/0? - Android Enthusiasts Stack Exchange
This is about how to make a "shortcut" in the SD card. Note that /storage/emulated/0 is the SD card.
sd card - How to create a shortcut to some file in another folder? - Android Enthusiasts Stack Exchange

PS: Below is my previous answer to this question. I misunderstood this question as the OP was trying to create a folder shortcut inside another folder on the desktop.
You can use an APP like Folder Organizer or Glextor Manager.
Comment: @Irfan Latif Yeah it seems I misunderstood the question. Answer updated.
Comment: They create shortcuts in Launcher app (desktop), not other folders/directories.
Comment: @Irfan Latif You can create a widget on the desktop, and that widget contains apps or folders(called label or group in the app). And those each of those folders contains apps or folders, etc. It works just like folders indisde folders.
Comment: You are correct. But those widgets (or labels or groups or folders; whatever you name them) are not actual [directories](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_(computing)) or folders by definition, which is a filesystem feature. Directories/folders/files/symlinks live on a filesystem as long as you don't erase or re-create the filesystem by formatting. They are not even dependent on the operating system. But the folders created on launcher app are dependent on both apps; the launcher and the one creating them. They are no more available if any of the two apps is uninstalled.


Interface between keyboard and NXT mindstorm

Question: I want to make an NXT program that handles key presses from a user. First, I'd like a message to display asking the user to choose a key on the keyboard (S or M), and then depending on the chosen key some actions take place (e.g. starts counting the time). How can I do this? Do I need Bluetooth?
Answer: I think you should buy a Bluetooth Card for your PC to connect the NXT with your PC. After that you should program your Bluetooth Card to send specific Bluetooth Signal to the NXT while you are pressing a key. Next you should program your NXT to "react" to the specific signal sent from PC... That's all, it's not too easy...


Remove unused wires from circuit breaker panel

Question: My house was remodeled and a sub panel installed.
The electrician capped and left three unused 220V (3 wire) circuits in the panel.
That's probably standard practice.
However, I would like to replace a circuit breaker with an AFCI breaker and the unused wires really clutter up the box.  They also use up all of the neutral bar connections.  If I remove the wires (after confirming), can I secure them above the panel....or do I need to have them in a box?
What is he proper way to terminate the wires?
Answer: Wait, what? Why would 240V 3-wire need the neutral bar??
Oh, right, this is a main panel where neutral and ground bars are supposed to be bonded, so someone took the lazy but allowed approach of landing all neutrals and grounds in the neutral bar, and not having a ground bar.  So your neutral bar is stuffed.
The easiest way to free up space on the neutral bar is to get an accessory ground bar for that panel and move a bunch of grounds to it.
If the hots are all disconnected, why not disconnect the ground? Because some other circuit might be relying on that for ground.  In older homes where everything was not  grounded, it is common for grounds to be retrofit by running a ground from the previously ungrounded receptacle to a grounded site.  While dodgy in the past, this was made officially legal and recommended in the 2014 Code.
So go to the other end of the wire, and look at the termination of that ground wire and the equipment it is grounding.   If nothing else is using it as a ground, then feel free to detach and cap off both ends of the ground wire.   In the panel, wrap it with tape (preferably green) so it's not at risk for hitting anything hot inside the panel.
Then take all 3 wires and push them into a corner where they'll be out of the way.  I recommend not tearing them out, as they can be re-tasked for a 120V or 240V-only circuit for any future need.  "Leaving them alone" is way cheaper than fishing new cable.
Comment: You can usually double the grounds on that buss to make more room some panels even allow for 3. But never double the neutrals. The brand of the panel would be needed to know for sure. I would also save that wire it could become valuable in the future.+
Answer: Yes you can pull the cables out of the panel.  Just coil them up neatly above the panel.


Configure Visual Studio "Setup Project" via code

Question: In my solution I have added a Setup Project to deploy my application. For some reason I want to configure it pragmatically not through VS wizards, that is, set "Project Output", needed assemblies etc. via code. Also I need to make final setup file, again via code.
Thanks for your kind help.
Regards,
Behzad
Answer: Have you looked at WIX? It may take longer to setup what you need initially, but will be more flexible in long term.
Answer: While not strictly an answer to your question, the Github project CLIDE is a command line utility that simplifies creating and managing Visual Studio projects, and makes it easier to manage and build projects using only the compiler (csc.exe) and msbuild.exe . Use it to create a test project that does what you need, and you should be able to figure out the rest from the files it creates.
https://github.com/remi/clide


Can a dimmer switch be replaced by an electric outlet?

Question: Can a dimmer switch be replaced by an electric outlet?  Currently I have dimmer switches in 2 rooms that control 1/2 of every outlet in each room.  This is very inconvenient.  However 2 extra electric outlets would be most welcome.  Would like to try to correct this on my own.  Have replaced other electric outlets and switches when needed in the past.
Comment: Can you post photos of the insides of the receptacle boxes?
Answer: An outlet should never be on a dimmmer. Someone could plug normal equipment like a vacuum into it and it won't work properly.
They should be replaced with single pole switches or the receptacles should be wired hot.
Good luck and stay safe!
Answer: Probably, but it would not be simple to do so the way you describe.
The "1/2 of every outlet" is accomplished by running wiring from the circuit through the dimmer switches, then to each outlet - SEPARATELY from the circuit supplying power to the other half of the outlet. The outlets have to be split in order to do this, usually by breaking off a conducting tab between the top and bottom outlets (US).
If you just replaced the switches with outlets, effectively forcing the wiring to ON then you'd have voltage potentially from 2 different circuits in the same outlet locations, plus the new outlets in the switch position which is typically at shoulder height on the wall. This is nonstandard and dangerous - it could result in too many outlets on a circuit or breakers supplying power where there should not be, making it dangerous for technicians to work on the circuits.
To correctly do this, you should eliminate the dimmer switches and their wiring completely and replace each of the outlets with normal outlets, where the top and bottom outlets are still joined together.


Reuse of published data in PhD thesis

Question: if it is the same data, but you put it in another style for your PhD thesis and created a new figure - does it still counts like "figure from publication "***" ?
Comment: Better safe than sorry. "Redrawn from publication Spongebob et al, [2018]", "based on data from Squidward and Squirell [1878]", etc. Why should this be a problem?
Comment: The publisher does not own the data, only (perhaps) the copyright to the representation (aka the figure in and of itself).
Comment: Are you asking about copyright/reproduction of figures or is your question directed at scientific citing?
Comment: The question if I need to ask permission of the publisher to reuse data in "another" way and style without using the exact same Figure from the paper.
Answer: The copyright attaches to the "presentation" of the data, not the data itself. If you want to replace (say) barplots from your first publication with the violin plots you used in the rest of your projects, go for it! The publisher doesn't need to be involved.
However, you should still cite the original paper by including something like "data from XYZ et al. (2015)" or "redrawn from [1]" in the caption. This ensures that the reader knows where the original data comes from and avoids implying that those results were somehow confirmed--exactly--by a second set of experiments. More practically, it also means your examiners won't ask for as many changes since the data have already been vetted by the papers' reviewers.
Answer: There might be two parts to this question here, so I will answer them separately.
Is it plagiarism if I do not cite my own published results?
Answer: Yes, that's called self-plagiarism. It does not matter if the results you want to cite where published by yourself or another person. It must be cited. Even if you have the same data and plot it differently, it is essentially not a new source. Since you usually have more data accessible from your own publications, you might come into temptation to use an altered figure from a previous publication. These must also be cited as part of the published paper. Better safe than sorry, just cite it if it can be attributed to a previous piece of research.
Do I have the right to reprint figures from a publication in my thesis?
Answer: Well, that depends on which licensing agreement your published paper falls under. For example, the very popular open access CC-BY license allows you to retain the rights to your images and to reprint them. However, attribution (i.e. via citation) must still be specified.
If you do not own the rights to reprint the pictures as they are, you can always redraw a figure (as suggested by Oleg Lobachev in the comments) and correctly cite the source as "Redrawn from Author et al. [54]" or similar.
TL;DR Yes, if you rearrange data from an old publication in a new form you still have to cite the old publication.
Comment: An interesting variation on this is if you put the same data in your thesis and a paper and submit them essentially at the same time. Which should cite which?
Comment: @IanSudbery Interesting, indeed. I think this is a bit of an XY problem, because you should not cite unpublished data in your thesis. I think the most common solution would be to cite the paper as *submitted to Journal of Blah* in the thesis.

Reuse of published data in PhD thesis


The space of distributions endowed with the topology of uniform convergence on bounded sets is not Fréchet.

Question: I found a state, that the space of distributions on (here:) $\mathbb{R}^{n}$, which is equipped with the topology of uniformly convergence on bounded subsets is not a Fréchet space. As far as i can remember the topology of uniformly convergence is induced by the uniform norm ; which is translation invariant. So to prove that the space is not Fréchet, i have to figure out, that the space is not locally convex or is not a complete metric space. But i have no idea how to prove this.
Answer: To clarify your question: By definition $\mathscr D'$ is the dual of the $\mathscr D$ (with its locally convex inductive limit topology) and the topology of uniform convergence on all bounded sets is the locally convex topology on $\mathscr D'$ defined by the semi-norms $p_B(u)=\sup\lbrace |u(\varphi)|: \varphi\in B\rbrace$ for all bounded sets $B$ of $\mathscr D$. This topology is complete (because $\mathscr D$ is a so-called bornological space) and locally convex but it is not metrizable (since there is not countable family of bounded sets such each bounded set is contained in a member of that family, this is so for non-Banach metrisable spaces and hence also in $\mathscr D$).
Answer: This is not a separate answer. I only add here the details missing in Jochen's answer. I use here the notation of the post Topology of the Space of Test Functions.
Let $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ be a non-empty open set, and consider the space of test functions $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$, and let $\mathcal{D'}(\Omega)$ be the set of all continuous linear functionals on $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$.
Let denote with $\tau'$ the topology of $\mathcal{D'}(\Omega)$ induced by the system of seminorms $p_B(\Lambda)=\sup \{|\Lambda(\phi)|: \phi \in B \}$, where $B$ is any bounded set of $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$. With this topology, $\mathcal{D'}(\Omega)$ is a Hausdorff locally convex topological vector space (which is called the strong dual of $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$ in the language of Bourbaki). Moreover, $\mathcal{D'}(\Omega)$ with the topology $\tau'$ is sequentially complete, as you can prove by using the Banach-Steinhaus theorem (see e.g. Rubin, Functional Analysis, Theorem 6.17) or by noting as Jochen did that $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$ is bornological (see e.g. Bourbaki, Topological Vector Spaces, III, $\S 2$, Proposition 1 (ii') and then use point (iii') of the same Proposition or directly apply Corollary 1 in III, $\S 3$, Section 8).
Now, we show that $\mathcal{D'}(\Omega)$ with the topology $\tau'$ is not metrizable. First of all, not that if $K$ is a compact subset of $\Omega$ with non-empty interior, then by using the property proved in Smooth Functions with Compact Support, we can easily deduce that no neighborhood of $0$ in the space $\mathcal{D}_K$ is bounded. So by a well known result (see e.g. Rubin, Functional Analysis, Theorem (1.39)), $\mathcal{D}_K$ (which is a Fréchet space) is not normable. Then from the result proved in the post Bounded Sets in Fréchet Spaces (see also Bourbaki, Topological Vector Spaces, III, Exercise $\S 1$ Number 14) we conclude that the canonical bornology of $\mathcal{D}_K$ (that is the collection of all bounded sets of $\mathcal{D}_K$) does not have a countable base. Since the topology $\tau_K$ of $\mathcal{D}_K$ coincides with the topology induced on $\mathcal{D}_K$ by the topology $\tau$ of $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$, we conclude that the canonical bornology of $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$ has no countable base.
Now, assume that $\mathcal{D'}(\Omega)$ with the topology $\tau'$ is metrizable. Then it would have a countable local base at $0$. Since the collection of all finite intersections of sets of the form
\begin{equation}
\{ \Lambda \in \mathcal{D'}(\Omega) : p_B(\Lambda) < 1/n \},
\end{equation}
where $B$ is a bounded set of $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$ and $n$ is any positive integer, is a local base at $0$, we conclude that there exists a sequence $(B_j)_{j=1}^{\infty}$ of bounded subsets of $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$ such that the collection of all finite intersections of sets of the form
\begin{equation}
W_{B_j,n}= \{ \Lambda \in \mathcal{D'}(\Omega) : p_{B_j}(\Lambda) < 1/n \},
\end{equation}
where $j, n$ are positive integers, is a local base at $0$.  For any positive integer m, let $A_m$ be the closed convex balanced envelope of the bounded set $(m+1)(\cup_{j=1}^{m} B_j) = \{ (m+1) \phi : \phi \in\cup_{j=1}^{m} B_j \} $ . Then every $A_m$ is bounded, since the canonical bornology is adapted (see Bourbaki, Topological Vector Spaces, III, $\S 1$, Section 2). Moreover, since there exists no countable base for the canonical bornology of $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$, we know there exists a bounded subset $B$ of $\mathcal{D}(\Omega)$ such that $B$ is not contained in $A_m$ for any $m$. So fix a positive integer $m$, and let $\phi_{0} \in B \backslash A_m$. From the Hahn-Banach Theorem (in the form given e.g. in Rudin, Functional Analysis, Theorem 3.7), we know there exists $\Lambda \in \mathcal{D'}(\Omega)$ such that $ | \Lambda(\phi_{0})| > 1$ and $| \Lambda(\phi)| \leq 1$ for all $\phi \in A_m$. We conclude that $\Lambda \notin W_{B,1}$, but $\Lambda \in W_{B_1,m} \cap \dots W_{B_m,m}$. So $W_{B_1,m} \cap \dots W_{B_m,m}$ is not contained in $W_{B,1}$. Since for any positive integers $k, j_1,...,j_k$, if we set $m = \max \{ m, j_1,\dots, j_k \}$, we have
\begin{equation}
W_{B_1,m} \cap \dots W_{B_m,m,} \subseteq W_{B_1,j_1} \cap \dots W_{B_k,j_k},
\end{equation}
we conclude that $W_{B_1,j_1} \cap \dots W_{B_k,j_k}$ is not contained in $W_{B,1}$, against the fact that collection of all finite intersections of sets of the form
\begin{equation}
W_{B_j,n}= \{ \Lambda \in \mathcal{D'}(\Omega) : p_{B_j}(\Lambda) < 1/n \},
\end{equation}
where $j, n$ are positive integers, is a local base at $0$. This concludes the proof.
Let us finally note that the argument we have used to prove that $\mathcal{D'}(\Omega)$ is not metrizable since the canonical bornology of $\mathcal{D}$ has no countable base is completely general and it can be used to prove the following general result.
Theorem
Let $E$ be a Hausdorff locally convex (complex or real) topological vector space, and $E'$ the set of continuous linear functionals on $E$. Let $\tau'$ be the topology on $E'$ induced by the family of seminorms $(p_B)$, where $B$ ranges over all the bounded sets of $E$ and $p_B(\Lambda) = \sup \{ |\Lambda(\phi) | : \phi \in B \}$. Then the space $E'$ with this topology (which is called the strong dual of $E$) is metrizable if and only if the canonical bornology of $E$ has a countable base.
Proof. If the canonical bornology of $E$ has a countable base $(B_j)_{j=1}^{\infty}$, then the topology $\tau'$ is induced by the family of seminorms $(p_{B_j})_{j=1}^{\infty}$, and so it is metrizable. The converse follows from the same argument given above.
QED
This theorem is a special case of Bourbaki, Topological Vector Spaces, III, Exercise $\S 3$ Number 2 (c).
PS For the characterization of the metrizability of the weak dual of $E$ (that is $E'$ considered with the weak*-topology), see my post Metrizability of the Weak Dual.