3 wires hanging from fixture

Question: I have a light fixture that no longer works after a space heater blew the circuit. I removed it from the ceiling and it looks like a few wires were burned. i was able to connect the black and white wires with the caps but now i have 2 blacks and a white i dont know what to do with. Can i cap them together??? the light does not come on still so i believe these 3 wires are important. see attached pic.
Comment: How were the wires connected before?  Inside a lamp ceiling rose, a black connected to a white is not unheard of.
Comment: How were the wires connected before?  Inside a lamp ceiling rose, a black connected to a white is not unheard of.  It depends what's going on down at the switch for the lamp.
Answer: Firstly, some safety points/observations on your content...

Never, EVER, EVER, connect wires if you do not know the original connections without some pen & paper research, testing, and writing down what goes to what
If wires have burned, there are safety concerns to observe. Did the wires burn at the wire nuts ONLY (due to high resistance), or is the circuit overloaded and the wires melted due to too much current being pulled over an overloaded circuit? Again, this is paper and pencil work. What wire type is it? Looks like a standard copper 15 Amp circuit. Ensure the breaker is 15 Amps not larger, add up the demand on this circuit, are you trying to get more than 15 Amps from it?
Has the breaker been tripping often? How many amps is the space heater?
Due to the fact you've noted the wires are burned, make a list of all of the things on this circuit, and check the wires where the heater was plugged in, here at the fixture, and any points up to the panel, including looking at the wires for this circuit INSIDE the panel. If they are crispy and melted/burnt, you will need to replace the run
I'm glad you pointed out the sheathing missing on the wire, you need to check if the sheathing is crispy or broken elsewhere, all the way back to each of its connections. Do not use the wiring if it is. If it is only here, and CONFIRMED only here, you'll need to tape it/replace it.
If this is daunting, it would be best to hire an electrician to come in to do the repair, safety first!!

Most likely yes, the two blacks belong tied together (the whites probably do too.... but this all needs to be validated), but since the circuit blew, and the light no longer works, we know something in the circuit is not working. The burned wires need to be replaced. This is an indication that some other weak spot (at additional wire nuts, or the panel, or the breaker, and it could be hot or nuetral side) is broken/dangerous. You really do need to check it all the way back. You really do need to make sure you aren't exceeding the circuits capacity. Also, ensure the breaker is the right size. My post here is somewhat redudant, but it is very important to do these checks.
Comment: 1. Confirmed, I left wires disconnected to avoid a fire or anything such as.
Comment: Not sure what you mean, what is confirmed? You've got wires connected, and you've got wires NOT connected. Since it seems you do not know what wires go to what, "confirmed" does not tell us anything. If you have electrical experience and a meter and are able to do this work safely, we can help, but I get the impression none of the above is true, so I'm sincerely suggesting you turn the breaker off, and you call an electrician ASAP.
Comment: 2. Wires were only burned on the end, and the wire cap was melted. when i removed it i couldnt remember if all 3 wires were in that cap. 3-breaker only tripped that one time and the light did not work after that. i moved the space heater to another outlet and no probs since. because this is electricty i will hire someone, i cant afford to die yet.
Comment: i was trying to identify each response to your questions numerically but hitting enter posted the response instead of going to the next line.
Comment: good to hear you will be careful. With the space heater, please read the WATTS it draws, and also turn off the breaker you have the heater on currently, and write down what turns off when you do that. Write down the watts each item draws, add them up, if it adds up to over 1500 watts, you need to change what is plugged into the circuit and keep it below 1500, or even 1200 ideally.
Answer: You need to verify a few things before just connecting white to white and black to black.  1 Set of wires may be a switch loop, 1 from the supply from the breaker and 1 to the outlet. If this is the case connecting everything together will blow the breaker when the switch is turned on. What could cause this? One of the wires in the wire nut was loose and probably arcing with the heavy load enough heat created to melt the wire nut this can happen even with the proper sized breaker. To fix find the hot cable, identify the cable going to the outlet, the last cable check for continuity with the switch in the on position if good verify it is open with the switch off. Now time to connect back up. Connect supply white with outlet white and lamp white. Next supply black with outlet black and switch white (this white to the switch should be remarked a color other than green,white or gray) putting power on a switch leg white is recommended so it is easier to troubleshoot later. Connect the switch black to the lamp black and all the bare grounds together and you should be good to go.

3 wires hanging from fixture


Spoiled 1% milk

Question: A friend of mine gave me a jug of 1% milk and when I got home to put it in my fridge I noticed that it was already out of date so I set it on the counter next to our trash can and at the time we didn't have a vehicle to holler trash off so it's not on my counter for about 3 days and all of a sudden one night me and my boyfriend are sitting there in a room and the milk just starts projectile shooting out of a hole that it made in the side of the jugs not out of the lid just spraying everywhere all over the kitchen and I want to know why it for 1 started spraying spoiled milk as if it was pressurized and for 2 how did it make its own hole in the plastic jug???
Answer: Interesting story, well told. It was pressurized. When the microorganisms fermented the milk, they give off carbon dioxide, which builds up and creates pressure. This is why beer is carbonated. They did not however make the hole in the milk container directly. It was likely a weak spot that burst from the pressure.

Spoiled 1% milk


What is this cursor?

Question: I've had this cursor for some time now. What is it and how can I make it go away, and get the normal cursor with which I can select objects?
Comment: Read the tag description.
Comment: Not only it cannot go away, but it is absolutely necessary to work in blender. Better get to know and become best friends with it.
Comment: This cursor only moves if you left-click, doesn't it? I think it means that your actual cursor did not change into this one, it is more that your actual cursor is invisible for some reason...
Comment: You can't make it go away (as long as you use Blender for modelling or anything in viewport) and it was never meant to be used for selection
Comment: This question was not a joke. When you've been away from Blender for two years, this is the sort of question you end up asking. It's obviously not like riding a bike.
Answer: If the cursor shown in your picture is moving when you try to select something,
then try to select something with the other mouse button.
Normal:
Select with right, move 3D cursor with left.
Changed in UserPreferences:
Select with left, move 3D with right.

So I phrase, "the other mouse button".
The most easily available description of the cursor in your picture is the description of the tag you used. Read up on it. (And as cegaton said, "make it your friend" instead of fighting it.)
Answer: "The 3D Cursor is simply a point in 3D space which can be used for a number of purposes."
this is just a quote from here (read it):
https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/dev/editors/3dview/3d_cursor.html

What is this cursor?


I can't connect my washing machine properly. Please help

Question: I got an old washing machine From my grandparents but I can't seem to fit the hose into the tap. There are in my opinion 2 problems, there are 2 male connections instead of a female and a male and I think the size is not right. Thanks so much for your help!
The hose to the washing machine:

The faucet:
Comment: a side view of the tap, and what the washing machine model is (to double check the manual) might be helpful. There's *generally* adaptors - and also, you have two female connectors. On our tap, there was a screw in bit that converted to something the washing machine could fit into. Is the washing machine end threaded, or something that looks like a push connector?
Answer: A female connection on the outlet side of a tap is unusual.  As Journeyman Geek said, a side view of the tap could possibly show that your solution is as simple as removing a female-female fitting to expose a male thread that your washer will connect to.
If it is indeed a female outlet on the tap, make sure there is a gasket in it before you connect a male-male fitting that your washer will connect to.


What determines how many times a polynomial can be differentiated before 0 is reached?

Question: Also, does it relate to the degree of the polynomial in any way? I am struggling to get a high-level understanding of the characteristics of different degrees of polynomials - for example, their shape etc. In my textbook, as another example, it says that we can use cubic Hermite interpolation polynomials to construct a cubic spline. Why not a quadratic Hermite interpolation polynomial to build a quadratic spline? What would be ridiculous about the last statement?
Comment: What happens to the power of each term in a polynomial when you differentiate it once ? So what happens to the degree of the polynomial when you differentiate it once ? Can you see how this places a limit on the number of times a polynomial can be differentiated before you get a constant function (which is a degree $0$ polynomial) ?
Comment: I actually know this. When you point it out it is obvious but when I try to juggle everything in my head I lose the big picture and then everything falls apart. So the polynomial can be differentiated the number of times of the degree plus one. If one polynomial takes longer to be differentiated to reach 0 (i.e has a higher degree) than another what does it tell us about their respective shapes?
Comment: @Tightrope Not much. It will get steeper, eventually. Like any parabola eventually gets steeper than any line, if only you walk far enough away from the origin. But that's about it, in general terms. Also, I would be impressed if anyone could tell the degree of a polynomial above degree 3 or 4 just by looking at (a part of) the graph, so you don't need to worry too much about the specifics of what shape they have. Higher degree means more possibility to wave up and down, but that's it. The graph of a higher degree polynomial doesn't _have_ to wave up and down at all.
Comment: Do you ask about the value of the polynomial at all $x$ or at a certain $x$?
Comment: I'm not sure how to answer your question. I am not asking about the value of the polynomial rather the degree and how often it can be differentiated. What would the value of the polynomial at all x entail? Isn't it just the polynomial itself?
Comment: You ask "before 0 is reached". My question was about this 0, since any non-constant polynomial attains zero value at least at one point. The point is known as a root of the polynomial.
Answer: Assuming your coefficients are real numbers (or rational, or integers, or complex), then the number of times you can differentiate a polynomial before reaching the $0$ polynomial is the degree of the polynomial plus $1$. Each time you differentiate, you get a result which has a degree $1$ lower than the one you started with, and only when you reach a degree $0$ polynomial (a constant) can you differentiate to get $0$.
And the problem with quadratic splines is that you don't have enough degrees of freedom. You can't freely set

Value at the start point
Value at the end point
Derivative at the start point
Derivative at the end point

if you only have a quadratic to work with. A quadratic has three coefficients, and thus only three pieces of information (like the value at some point, or the value of the derivative at some point) is enough to fully specify one. If you try to cram in four pieces of information (like the list above), you will most likely not be able to find a function which satisfies all of them.
A cubic, on the other hand, has $4$ coefficients, and thus has room for four separate pieces of information.
Comment: I feel stupid for asking this but I want to make it more concrete. You mentioned that a cubic has four pieces of information corresponding to the number of coefficients. If I have a cubic function, say  $f(x) = 2x^3 + 3x^2 + 2x -7$ what specific information does the term $2x^3$ give me? And $3x^2$? and so forth?
Comment: @Tightrope Exactly what, graphically, the different coefficients correspond to is difficult to describe (except the constant term). But each piece of information locks down degrees of freedom for the coefficients. For instance, if you know that $f(0) = -7$, then you know that the constant term is $7$. If you know that $f(1) = 0$, then you know that the sum of all the coefficients is $0$. And in this way, each piece of information tells you something new about the coefficients. Once you have four pieces of information, you usually have enough to find the coefficients.
Comment: Another question. Let's say I want to interpolate a curving function using only two piecewise-linear interpolating polynomial of equal sub intervals. In other words the two interpolating polynomials meet in the middle. Let's say that it is important that the interpolating polynomials meet "smoothly" in the middle but that at their other endpoints (the endpoints of the function we attempt to approximate) smoothness isn't that important.
Comment: Would two quadratic functions be sufficient here? Since I only require three pieces of information for each interpolating polynomial: a value at one endpoint (the one not requiring smoothness), a value at the other endpoint (the one meeting the other interpolating polynomial) and a derivative at the latter endpoint in order to facilitate the smoothness in the middle?
Comment: @Tightrope Yes, in that case a quadratic polynomial on each of the two parts would be sufficient, for the reason you describe.


Why can't my car pick up power ,after cleaning the fuel tank & replacing the fuel filter

Question: My Mazda BT50, has been struggling to accelerate past 2000rpm on the gauge.
So I remove and cleaned the fuel tank, and also changed the fuel filter but I am still having the same problem of engine not powering when at neutral, or even low gears has no power. Recently, when i pump the prima pump,the engine seems to pickup a bit but when I stopped pumping, it reduces. I can't figure out what was the problem. Is it the prima pump or the injector pump.Please assist.
Comment: Please don't ask the same question again, but rather edit your original question. You still didn't explain what you mean by "2 rpm". An engine doesn't and cannot run at 2 rpm. Maybe you mean 2k rpm, but you don't explain it. I told you I would open the other question back up if you edited it with the pertinent information.
Answer: There are two problems I have worked on relative to contaminated fuel.
In one case a nearly new car developed a huge amount of carbon build up on the top of the pistons. There are additives used in normal retail gasoline to prevent that. In this case the vehicle test guys weren't using retail gasoline from a known source. This carbon buildup occurred surprisingly quickly. If memory serves just at 1000 or 2000 miles on the odometer.
In the other case some contaminated gasoline (from a retail supplier) left deposits on the Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen (HEGO) sensor degrading that device's performance. In my case the bad fuel actually set a diagnostic code. This happened within 30 minutes of filling the tank with suspect fuel.
Either of these issues would definitely have an adverse effect on horsepower performance.


Can I have my Destiny character on two of the same systems?

Question: I was wondering if I could have my Destiny character on two of the same system because I started playing on my brothers ps4 because I was getting my own next month.
when I get my own ps4 can I port my destiny character on my brothers ps4 to my own ps4?
Comment: @DavidYell do PS3 to PS4 transfers work the same as PS4 to PS4?
Comment: @ben Destiny savegames are linked to your PSN account. It doesn't matter what platform you play it on.
Answer: Yes, provided you log in with the same PSN account.
If you have been using your brothers PSN account on his PS4, then you will need to log in with his PSN account in order to continue using your character - I'm unsure of the effects of that (whether he will be able to continue playing or not). If you have been using your own PSN account on his PS4, then you'll just use that.
Comment: All character saves are to the Destiny servers, so they will work on any system in the same family using the same login (PSN or Xbox Live). This is not a transfer, it's a live interaction so you can go back and forth between multiple systems as much as you like. The one catch is that you can only use a specific login on one system at a time, so if your character is on someone else's account you'll have to work out shared time.


How to remove 2 pixel task bar line in windows 7 when task bar is hidden?

Question: I have Windows 7. When I hide the task bar it still shows in a bright white 1 or 2 pixel line across the bottom of my screen (as my task bar is on the bottom of my screen). SO if I watch Netflix or Hulu or whatever on full screen (which is a great majority of what I use my computer for) I always have a horrible white line all the time at the bottom of the screen. My computer is attached to my TV via HDMI cable which means that there is not way to adjust the location of the screen image with arrows or whatever. I have read lots of threads and tried many task bar hiding software and none of it gets rid of this problem. It is so awful (no wonder people by expensive Macs). Any suggestions? Thanks!
Comment: How have you attempted to hide the taskbar? Did you drag it it all the way down? or did you set the "auto-hide" option on? Also do note that any full screen app with a normal visible taskbar will overlap the taskbar so you won't see it.
Answer: It isn't quite what you are looking for but... hitting CtrlEsc will completely hide the taskbar. Hitting it again brings it back up. Mousing over it though won't bring it up:

http://www.thewindowsclub.com/hide-taskbar-windows-7-hotkey

And another solution:
There is also this old application called Taskbar Activate. It does exactly what you want: completely hidden taskbar with mouseover support. But there is an occasional bug where the start button continues to show. The taskbar is always hidden, though.
One more solution with no known "side effects":

http://www.sevenforums.com/free-developer-programs-projects/321184-shybar-automatic-windows-7-taskbar-hider.html
Comment: Cool, I didn't know about that.
Answer: Use a theme with a black task bar. That way, the task bar blends in with the screen border, and effectively becomes invisible. It is still there, but you won't notice it (unless you explicitly look for it).
Background:
At least Windows 7, and possibly other versions as well, implement the automatically appearing task bar by leaving one or two rows of pixels of the task bar "visible" at the screen border. Windows uses these remaining pixels to make the task bar notice the pointer.
In general, whenever the pointer moves, Windows informs the window under the new pointer position of the event. If the mouse hovers over task bar pixels, the task bar gets notified. This is apparent when another window overlaps these task bar pixels. Then that window receives the notifications, the task bar does not receive any, and does not appear.
In this sense, the fringe pixels are required by Windows to make the task bar reappear. You may make them unnoticeable, but trying to get rid of the pixels altogether would interfere with how the task bar works.


What improvements will Basho bring?

Question: I assume it will be a precursor to Hydra, but I haven't heard it talked about very much.
Answer: You can learn more about the Basho phase at the Cardano Roadmap, but I will briefly summarize what it says.
The Basho phase is focused on improvements to scalability and interoperability, this will improve the performance of the Cardano network as it grows and transaction volumes increase. One important core development this phase will bring is the implementation of sidechains, which are new blockchains that are interoperable with the main chain. Basho will also allow for parallel accounting styles, meaning that while the main chain uses the UTXO model, a sidechain could use account-based models giving the ability to support and switch between the two models.
I hope my brief summary helps, but you should definitely look at the road map for more information.
Answer: Scalability! In simple terms, it brings "continuously improving" scalability! That means by design we will be more and more scalable as we grow. The exact opposite of Bitcoin. Currently Cardano has around 1000 TPS. What Hydra brings to table is making each SPO a node of Hydra. That means each SPO would be capable of 1000 TPS. That means the more Stake pools, the more throughput for Cardano after Hydra. With an example of say 1000 stake pools (very conservative since we already have 2000 plus), Cardano's throughput would be 1 Million TPS (1000 * 1000).

What improvements will Basho bring?


How can you exercise EU freedom of movement to your own country?

Question: I understand that if you have lived in another EU country than your own, you can excercise EU freedom of movement to move back to your home country with your non-EU spouse.  How long do you have to have lived in this other EU country?  Do you need to have a residence permit from the country?
Thanks
Comment: Hi Dan, your [answer to this question](https://expatriates.stackexchange.com/a/17386/2440) was deleted for reasons explained in a comment.  You have created two separate accounts, [Dan](https://expatriates.stackexchange.com/users/17286/dan) and [Dan](https://expatriates.stackexchange.com/users/17290/dan), but you can [merge](https://expatriates.stackexchange.com/help/merging-accounts) them. If you do, you will regain ownership of this question and therefore be able to comment on this question and on my answer.
Comment: In your aforementioned answer, there seem to be some misunderstandings: the fact that Croatia can exclude family of its citizens from EU free movement doesn't arise from the fact that it says "EEA" rather than "EU." Using EEA just underscores that the non-EU EEA countries are included. Instead, this limitation arises from the fact that the directive provides explicitly for this. That is why other countries, including the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, and France, do the same.
Answer: Each country makes its own rules within the guidelines specified in the free movement directive, so a general answer is not possible.
Residence permits are not required, however, because under the free movement scheme, member states cannot require citizens of other member states to have a residence permit. The citizen may opt to apply for a "registration certificate," but these are indeed optional and should not be required for a move back to the country of nationality.  Any means of documenting your life in the other member state should suffice.
As an example of the variation in the rules, here's what the UK has to say:

Eligibility for you and your British family member
You must have genuinely made your home in another EEA country. Both of you must prove that:

it's been your main residence or base for the 'centre of your life'
you've lived there together
you've integrated there

Eligibility for your British family member
Your British family member must either have the right to permanent residence in the EEA country where you've lived together, or have been one of the following there:

working

self-employed

self-sufficient

studying

If they've been back in the UK for more than 3 months, they must also be working, looking for work, self-employed, self-sufficient or studying in the UK.

It should be noted that immigration barrister Colin Yeo, at his freemovement blog, expresses an opinion that a significant number of the UK's requirements are improper and would not withstand a legal challenge.
By contrast, the Netherlands has these requirements (the original uses the Dutch abbreviation "EER"; here it is changed to the English abbreviation "EEA"):

You have lived in another EU/EEA Member State or Switzerland for at least 3 months with your family member without the nationality of an EU/EEA Member State or Switzerland. The residence must have been lawful based on EU Community law. Thus you have used EU Community Law (right to free movement).

It's rather simpler.
Furthermore, some countries, including Spain and Italy, grant the non-EU family members of their citizens the same rights as the non-EU family members of other EU citizens, so in those countries there is no need to consider this question whatsoever.


Can Exchange 2007 auto-reply to an incoming message?

Question: Can Exchange 2007 auto-reply to an incoming message? I don't want to set it up in Outlook, I want the reply to be done on the server.
Answer: Out of Office auto-replies are setup within Exchange, and reply to any incoming messages- not sure if that's what you are looking to do?
Comment: Out of Office is the easiest way to do this. Otherwise you can setup a rule in the users's account to auto reply with a specific message.
Comment: We really want a "thank you for your email" message and not an out of office, can the Out of Office reply be customized? Thanks
Comment: Yes it can- can say whatever you want it to.
Comment: Go the Rule route to make a totally custom message. Tools menu, Rules and Alerts. New blank rule, no conditions, action: send a specific message. Click the "specific message" thing and fill in exactly what you want it to say. Next, save, close, and you're done. Don't forget to unset this when you come back.
Answer: If you still have a public folder database mounted and online, there's a neat trick for utilizing a hidden public folder.  It should be noted that while Outlook is used as part of the configuration process, Outlook is not what drives this, it's server side config like you are looking for.

Create the public folder and and remove visibility for default users (but make it visible for you so you can perform the below steps)
Mail enable the public folder, and give it the email address that you want senders to use
In Outlook, navigate to the public folder, right click and choose Properties.
On the General Tab, click folder Assistant

Here you can build the rules to auto-respond to the sender as well as forward on to a distro and then remove the item from the public folder.  If you set up a response, it will launch an email template that is saved at the top of the information store for that public folder.


Is there a way to notate the repeat of a larger section that itself has repeats in it?

Question: Is there a way to notate the repeat of a larger section that itself has repeats in it, or is it best to give up and just write it out again?
Comment: See also https://music.stackexchange.com/q/77914/9426
Answer: You can introduce symbols (most often the "dal segno" sign pictured below; rehearsal marks are also not uncommon) to indicate the start of a repeated section, and then use a "to [sign]" indication to denote the return point of a repeat sign. This is most clearly used in combination with volta braces, more commonly called first and second endings (and third, fourth, etc. if necessary).

The below example shows one of many ways complex repeats can be accomplished. The "roadmap" in this case is:

Play mm. 1-7; Repeat to m. 5
Play mm. 5-6, 8-11; Repeat to m. 2 (D.S. = "Dal segno" = "go to the sign" [lit. "from the sign"])
Play mm. 2-6, 8-11 (because m. 7 indicates first time only, and this is the third time through this section); Repeat to m. 2 (because m. 12 indicates to play both the first and second times through); Repeat to m. 2
Play mm. 2-6, 8-10, 12-end.

Obviously, this can get confusing quickly, so it's up to you as the transcriber to decide whether nested repeats or a full rewrite is more clear.
Comment: Remark: it is somewhat debatable, to continue bar numbering across different alternatives (bar 8 would otherwise called 7b, 7.2 or similar), but it makes explanation here easier.
Comment: @guidot Interesting. I see the utility, but have never encountered it. Can you point me to an example? (Maybe a question of its own here?)
Comment: Found one [here](https://imslp.org/wiki/File:PMLP99995-Bach-BWV1066.Oboe1.pdf), repetition before bar 17.
Answer: Sort of.
A song often has internal repeated sections and an overall 'next verse' repeat.  This can be shown by a D.C. (or D.$) al fine (or al coda).   Sometimes this is simplified to just a segno & symbol at the beginning and end of the 'big' repeat.  Not quite textbook notation, but understandable.
The orchestral parts of e.g. a Strauss Waltz (think 'Blue Danube) can be an absolute maze of nested repeats and segno jumps. Far from 'correct' notation and hard to sight-read until you catch on, but you save a LOT of paper (and page-turns).
I'd be reasonably confident in writing something like this - particularly if it was hand-written and I could emphasize the outer repeats even more heavily, maybe even with a red pen!

Different rules apply for music that is to be sight-read and music that is for reference.   For a recording session, write it out!   For the transcription of a pop song, save paper.   Likewise for a march that needs to fit on a 'band card' clipped to an instrument.
If this question is about how to do it in Sibelius, the answer is that nested repeats won't playback properly by default, but you can write them and apply a manual playback map.  Just be careful if a live player is ever going to see the music.  If Sibelius playback can't understand the repeat structure, it's a fair bet the player won't either.
Comment: @leftaroundabout there is no provision whatsoever for color to indicate **anything** in any music typesetting ruleset.  Please don't suggest that!
Comment: I agree, colour would make a lot of sense for nested repeat marks. – BTW, there are Unicode points for  and  – not sure how good it is to use these (probably on some old machines they don't render properly, and even where supported they're stupidly small), but at any rate there's no need to use the $ sign as an approximation.
Comment: @CarlWitthoft no, I won't refrain from suggesting it. Colour would be useful for many details, and the technical hurdles are nowadays largely out of the way. Correct is, it would still be wise to keep it greyscale-compatible, but nested repeat marks are a case where this would be given – the black&white version is still unambiguous, though not as easy to parse (but the performer could just re-colour it themselves if needed).
Comment: +1 for an excellent answer, but why do you say that it's "far from 'correct' notation"?  There's no notation police or Académie Française to decide what is or isn't correct; correctness is established by consistent usage.  As you say in this answer, at least in some genres these nested repeats are pretty consistently used, by well-respected publishers, in widely-played and historically significant music.  I agree with your reservations about it (horrible for sight-reading, etc), but I can't see any grounds for not considering it 'correct'!
Comment: I count 'correct' notation as that which is clear and unambiguous, without needing further explanation.
Answer: If the "inner" repeat is relatively short,  consider using the "Repeat the previous N measures" symbols.  Here's the info, from (of course) my favorite site, Dolmetsch.
Comment: What is _•////•_ ? Repeat 4 measures?
Comment: @user1079505 yep, or if inside a measure, the previous 4 beats


The sides of an isosceles triangle from the circumradius and inradius

Question: I need to solve the following problem only by using Pythagoras Theorem and congruent triangles.
Find the sides of an isosceles triangle ABC with circumradius R=25 and inradius r=12.
Answer: From the figure

one imediately derives the equations
$${\rho\over h}={a\over 2R}\ ,\qquad{\rm i.e.,}\qquad a h=600\ ,$$
$$h+\rho+d=2R\ ,\qquad{\rm i.e.,}\qquad h+d=38\ ,$$
$$2R d=a^2 \ ,\qquad{\rm i.e.,}\qquad 50d = a^2\ .$$
Eliminating $h$ and $d$ one obtains a cubic equation for $a$, two of whose solutions are natural numbers. Given $a$ and $d$ one computes $s=\sqrt{4R^2-a^2}$, and the base $b$ of the triangle is $b=2\sqrt{a^2-d^2}$.
Answer: The side lengths will be $40$, $40$, and $48$.
The circumradius of an isosceles triangle is
$$\frac{a^2}{2\sqrt{a^2 - \frac{b^2}{4}}},$$
where two sides are of length $a$ and the third is of length $b$.
The inradius of an isoceles triangle is
$$\frac{ab - \frac{b^2}{2}}{2\sqrt{a^2 - \frac{b^2}{4}}}.$$


Can I purchase subdomains separately from a different registrar?

Question: I don't think it's possible but just wanted to know. For example I have a domain and the main website hosted by company A and would like to have a blog managed and hosted with company B. So I need a new subdomain 'blog.mydomain.com'. Can I get the subdomain hosted elsewhere so that company B can easily manage this without having to point the A-record at company A to point to the new host?
Answer: Sub-domains are not purchased or registered. You are free to create one for yourself anytime you like.
Domain names are registered and tied to an IP address. You most likely do this with your registrar.
Sub-domains are created by you in two parts:

In your DNS, again, often the registrar is where this happens, you would create a CNAME (alias) record that points your sub-domain blog.example.com to example.com. If you are not sure how to do this, call the registrar technical support.
On you web server, you create a site blog.example.com. If you are not sure how to do this, call your web host technical support.

You do not have to host your sub-domain using the same host and web server. It is far easier if you do. However, if you do not, then instead of a CNAME, you would use an A record to tie your site blog.example.com to an IP address supplied by the new host.
You may not be able to see your sub-domain right away. It takes time for DNS servers to update. Some query the SOA (statement of authority) for the sub-domain and update immediately, while others query the up-stream DNS or cache entries which may not have been updated yet. So you may have to be patient.
Once you are able to access your sub-domain, you can upload your site or scripts.
Comment: A subdomain does not imply delegation automatically, and as such there may not be any `SOA` involved at all.
Answer: @closetonoc answer of using CNAMES is a very common, practical solution to a lot of hosting delegation issues albeit with some limits and gotchas.   If its practical you should use it as it is way more common then the solution below.
Below is a more technically correct answer and the way DNS is designed to work.  It does assume that both company A and company B support it, which is not a given, as its possible company A will not let you add NS record types for subdomains, and/or its possible company B will tie dns services into domain registrations.
It is not possible to purchase subdomains separately from a different register, as the domain server responsible for the parent domain ultimately controls its subdomains.  Of-course, this is as true for "com" or "co.uk" as it is for "example.com" or "example.co.uk".   What "com" and "co.uk" do is subdelegate the domain name - and you can do the same with example.com to create xyz.example.com which can be handled independently of example.com - provided the subdelegation for the domain remains in place.
The answer is to set up NS records for xyz.example.com pointing to nameservers, and then creating a zone xyz.example.com at company B.
Lets assume company B has nameservers ns1.b.com and ns2.b.com - in this case, in the DNS setup at Company A for example.com you need to create the nameserver records
<code>xyz     NS  ns1.b.com
xyz     NS  ns2.b.com
</code>
That means that whenever someone looks at DNS server A for anything related to xyz.b.com they will be forwarded on to b.com's nameservers.
On b.com you need to set up the zone xyz.example.com
It needs to include all the records you would associated with the domain name, including nameserver records, and A records pointing where you want them to go.


What is the best approach to handle Bluetooth streams in background using a repository pattern?

Question: I need a handler for Bluetooth connection with a frequency of 1Hz  and using like a Repository  pattern, save data in SQliteDB and display info on several views of the App.
My current choice is RxBluetooth + service, but I'm looking for other straight forward alternatives but without compromising performance. I saw there are new stuffs on Android Jetpack, maybe RxBus, or other RxJava features, etc.
I just want simplest but efficient approach to face this.
I read you, Thanks in advance.
Answer: Well, I found that a combination of RxBluetooth+Service to keep an event-based consistent reception, LiveData+ViewModel to keep the UI state and Room for persistence model is perfect for my requirements.


Were titanium road bikes ridden in the Tour de France?

Question: I know that steel and aluminium frames were ridden in the Tour.
I wonder if there was a time when titanium frames were ridden in the Tour de France.
was ridden. I haven't found anything about this on the internet.
Answer: According to this page, Luis Ocana won the tour on a Ti bike; Lance Armstrong (attach all necessary asterisks to his name) rode a Ti time-trial bike in 1999. It looks like Lotto raced on Litespeed Ti bikes in the early 00s (the Litespeed brand still exists, but the company that built those bikes is now doing business under the Lynskey name), for a while painted to look like a sponsor brand's bike, later with Litespeed decals. There are probably other instances--these are just the ones I was able to find quickly.
There are many instances of one bike brand sponsoring a team, while the bikes are actually built by someone else—for a while, the BSO brand Huffy sponsored a bike team, and the bikes were duly painted in Huffy livery, but the bikes were actually built by Serotta.
Comment: The note about Lance Armstrong is unrelated, and adds nothing of value to the answer.
Comment: Thank you very much for the examples.
Comment: Fun fact: I believe that LA's '99 TT bike was a rebadged Litespeed Blade. If you Google, the Blade's top tube is aero shaped and it's also oriented vertically, meaning that it would reduce drag if the bike fell straight off a cliff, but it probably wouldn't help otherwise. This ESPN article shows a photo of LA in the '99 TT: https://www.espn.com/olympics/cycling/columns/story?columnist=ford_bonnie_d&id=4303217
Comment: "duly painted in Huffy livery, but the bikes were actually built by Serotta" Ouch!
Answer: Yes.  In 1991 the "Z" Team lead by Greg LeMond, rode Merlin Ti bikes.

In 1991, a year after winning his third Tour de France, Greg LeMond's Z Team came back to the race on prototypes of the Merlin Extra Light. The first titanium bike to fully achieve the metal's promise, it was as strong as steel but lighter, and possessed a unique and pleasing road feel—slightly more forgiving, with a little extra spring and, somewhat counterintuitively, also more stiffness. Though LeMond failed to win a fourth title, his bike sparked a fervor for titanium that lasted through the mid '90s.
Source: "Nothing Like It: Titanium Dream Bikes," Bicycling magazine, November 2012 (web archive link)
Answer: The question has already been answered, but this is why I think titanium never really made it into the Tour. Ti frames are either a bit lighter or similar weight to steel bikes. They were also tricky to weld. Aluminum frames were clearly lighter than ti and the material was easier to weld. It was available contemporaneously with titanium. Furthermore, carbon was just starting to make inroads when ti had made it to the peloton.
Compounding this, I don't believe that any of the largest bike manufacturers aside from Colnago (the CT-1) had ti bikes. Remember that pro road racing relies on sponsorships, and larger bike brands are more able to offer sponship than smaller ones. Furthermore, the C40 carbon road bike was contemporaneous with the CT-1, and I think the C40 probably had more take up. I'm not sure if the CT-1 ever made it to pro road races. It may have, it's just not prominent enough for me to remember. Litespeed did sponsor a team as pointed out, but I'd characterize them as more a mid-sized manufacturer at the time.
Hence, titanium never had a window where it was the dominant material for performance bikes. Even if titanium working techniques were discovered and widely disseminated earlier, it would still have had to compete with aluminum. Even if a major brand had backed the material, I think they wouldn't have made wide market penetration given the available alternatives. And as stated above, I wonder if there was a good reason that almost all major brands didn't work with ti.
My recollection is that in the early 2000s, aluminum was probably the most common material. The US Postal Service team was sponsored by Trek, and they rode carbon Treks. I believe most Colnago teams went with the C40. I recall that around 2006 or 2007, the industry in general switched to carbon manufactured in Taiwan (whereas at the time Treks were made in the US, I think C40s were made in Italy, although their tubes were probably sourced overseas).

Fun historical trivia
In 1999, Trek had not yet made a time trial bike. I believe the USPS team used rebadged Litespeed Blades that year. The Blade has a distinctive aero top tube, only the tube is oriented vertically. This would probably have made the bike stiffer vertically, which isn't desirable, and I suspect it would have done nothing for drag unless the bike were falling straight down.
This ESPN link has a picture of Lance Armstrong, who last won the 1998 Tour de Luxembourg, at the time trial in the '99 Tour. Bicycle Blue Book has a photo of the 2003 (but not the '99) Blade. The Blade has a distinctive seat tube, with a mast-like extension above the top tube but taking a regular seat post. This BBC article shows a glimpse of the seat tube.
Another fun fact: I believe that Colnago outsourced the CT-1's production to Wittson Cycles (link to Wikipedia), a Lithuanian firm. I assume this had to be after the fall of the Soviet Union, whereas I think the C40 may have debuted earlier than that. This page on the blog Steel Vintage Bikes corroborates the Wikipedia statement about Wittson. If interested for historical reasons, this thread on the Paceline forum has a brief Q&A with the principal, Vidmantas Zukauskas.
Comment: If you want to make the material property argument, you should say a bit more than just "aluminium is lighter". Styrofoam is also lighter than titanium...
Comment: @leftaroundabout, why are there no helium bikes? :)
Comment: @paulgarrett hm, good question! I mean, it can't have anything to do with the fact that you'd need to keep your bike at -270°C lest it evaporate, right‽
Comment: @leftaroundabout, and, jeez, they're waaaay less flammable than the pure-hydrogen bikes. :)
Answer: Gewiss Playbus, Bianchi Ti Mega Tube

Gewiss - Playbus was a team that rode in the 1996 TdF.   17 of the riders were Italian.

BERTOLETTI Simone
BERZIN Evgeni   (Russia)
BOBRIK Vladislav    (Russia)
BOTTARO Dario
BRIGNOLI Ermanno
BROGNARA Andrea
CENGHIALTA Bruno
CERIOLI Ivan
COLOMBO Gabriele
FINA Rosario
FRATTINI Francesco
GOTTI Ivan
MINALI Nicola
ODRIOZOLA Jon   (Spanish)
PERONA Davide
REZZANI Michele (trainee as from 01/09)
SANTAROMITA Mauro-Antonio
TARTAGGIA Giuseppe
VOLPI Alberto
ZANINI Stefano

Source https://www.procyclingstats.com/team/gewiss-playbus-1996/overview

They were sponsored by Biachi so rode their bicycles - this is Evgeni Berzin holding his Bianchi:

Team Gewiss was sponsored by Bianchi back in 1995-96 seasons. Team Gewiss Playbus was winning with Bianchi's top-end model, the "Ti-Mega" which is made of lightweight 3AL-2.5V titanium tubeset.

Team Gewiss Playbus  was one of the best team back in 1996. Their riders won biggest races like Milano-San Remo (G.Colombo), Amstel Gold Race (S.Zannini), Paris-Tours (N.Minali), stages at the Giro and Tour (E.Berzin) on Bianchi Ti-Mega bikes.

 Source: https://premium-cycling.com/product/bianchi-ti-mega-titanium-team-gewiss-1996/

ANSWER Yes, this team rode Titanium bikes in the TdF in 1996, and Berzin won stage-8.
 Source: https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1996/stage-8
Comment: Can you please add some context; rider(s), team, years, pictures, supporting sources?
Comment: Welcome to the site - I've expanded your answer, with sources and details.  Browsing https://stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-answer should help show you the level of detail needed in a useful answer, without going too long.
Answer: Come on guys. Speedwell. Ocana. 1973. Victory.
Comment: Hi, welcome to bicycles.  Please note that the accepted answer already lists Ocana's victory among the times that a titanium bikes was used.  Please make sure you're adding new material when posting a new answer.


why light differaction occurs on passing small holes?

Question: I have read about the relation between the wavelength and the hole in the Young double slit exiperemnt but I am not sure how that causes diffraction. I only know of one case which is a bundle of light diffracting due to the optical density of a transparent medium.
are there any other cases causing light diffraction? ( classical and quantum views are welcome as  long as the distinctions are made )
Comment: When you mention optical density are you talking about refraction.  Refraction and diffraction are different processes fro light.
Comment: read this on Huygens's principle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huygens%E2%80%93Fresnel_principle
Answer: Any wave which isn't infinite in size diffracts, like water waves or elastic waves. For example, think about water waves after a breakwater:
Right after the breakwater there is a region where there is a wave and areas where there isn't. On the boundary between these two, some water molecules are part of the wave and rise up, and some don't and stay still. The molecules attract each other and some of the energy in the wave spreads to the surrounding molecules, so the wave appears to diffract. This phenomenon is described in the solutions of the wave equation, so every wave that satisfies the equation will diffract by the same principle e.g. electromagnetic radiation, i.e. light.
Answer: Even a single photon going thru any size aperture will change its trajectory (diffract) due to an interaction with the aperture itself and other surroundings.  I think the interaction is with the electrons in the material and it affects the wave function of the photon.  But it is not predictable unless you observe many photons and then you can see the distribution.
Comment: that's helpful but how about on a macroscopic scale ? is there any explanation in wave theory?


Is there any way, at all in any possible situation, to transfer Pokémon from Pokémon Red or Blue to Pokémon Ruby, Sapphire, or Emerald?

Question: Imagine you have a Mew in your copy of Pokémon Red (through the immensely famous Mew Glitch on Route 25) and really want to get it to your copy of Pokémon Sapphire to complete your Pokédex.  I have heard a lot about how you can't do this, and I am desperate to get it over.  Is there any way possible, glitch, exploit, or anything to get a Pokemon over?
Answer: First and second generation games are completely incompatible with third generation and later games. There is no way to transfer a Pokémon from the original releases of Red and Blue to Sapphire and Emerald.
Answer: Without using external hardware and software, the other answers by Wrigglenite and Nolonar are correct: the Generation 1 and 2 game cartridges cannot trade with or transfer to the Generation 3 games by any normal means. I would normally leave it at that; however, you asked if it is possible through any means. To that, I say yes, though whether or not it is legitimate is down to the user's preference.
Tools exist that can extract a Game Boy (Color) cartridge's save file, such as the Submodule. Using this in combination with a save editor such as PKHeX, it is possible to transfer Pokemon from the Game Boy (Color) titles to the Game Boy Advance titles.
Comment: I would agree with you normally; however, the question is asking if it is at all possible, *through any method*, to bring a Pokemon from a Gen 1/2 cart to a Gen 3 cart. It requires external software and hardware, but it is possible to do.
Comment: This isn't transferring a Pokémon, however.
Answer: Unfortunately, there is no way to transfer Pokémon from RGB (Red, Green, Blue) to RSE (Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald).
Consider the following chart from Destructoid:

As you can see, you can only transfer Pokémon from the Game Boy to the 3DS via Virtual Console. As for Pokémon from the Game Boy Advance games, they can eventually reach the 3DS too, but there is no way to transfer them back to the Game Boy Advance.


Checking if an audio file is playing

Question: I need to know if an audio file is currently playing so that a python script can wait before playing a new audio file. I am using OSX. The python script is using the 'os' module to spawn a subshell and play an mp3 file using 'afplay'. This script may be called twice in rapid succession. I am trying to avoid playing multiple files at once. Ideally I'd like to have the script wait for the end of the audio file that is currently playing before playing the next. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance
Comment: Are you forking out to `afplay(1)` or how are the files being played? Or does the code need to be aware if `iTunes` or the like is active?
Comment: I imported os into my python script and am currently playing audio files through a subshell with afplay
Comment: Please [edit] your question and add more detail. We need to know exactly how the files are being played.
Comment: @terdon edits have been made
Comment: A lockfile would be one solution, so that subsequent instances will fail if some other instance has a lock on a file. Python probably has modules for this.
Answer: The general solution to making sure only one (of a cooperating set of programs) is doing something at once is a mutex of some sort. In this case, you'd obtain the mutex before the afplay call, and release it right after afplay finishes. This will guarantee that you're only running one afplay at a time.
You have several choices for inter-process mutexes, but the easiest is probably the lock file. I don't personally know Python, but Stack Overflow has "Locking a file in Python" which appears to give plenty of options.

Checking if an audio file is playing


Stack pointer of the interrupt stack

Question: Linux kernel has separate stacks for user mode and kernel mode process and also some special stacks. One of this special stacks is interrupt stack with the size 16 kilobytes placed in the irq_stack_union:
union irq_stack_union {
    char irq_stack[IRQ_STACK_SIZE];
    struct {
        char gs_base[40];
        unsigned long stack_canary;
    };
};

There is definition of the pointer to this stack - irq_stack_ptr. As I understand correctly this irq_stack_ptr must point to the end of the irq_stack or in another words to irq_stack + IRQ_STACK_SIZE - 1, but definition of the irq_stack_ptr is:
DEFINE_PER_CPU(char *, irq_stack_ptr) =
    init_per_cpu_var(irq_stack_union.irq_stack) + IRQ_STACK_SIZE - 64;

Why we subtract 64 bytes from the end of the irq_stack_union.irq_stack here?
Thank you.
Answer: Used as a margin to avoid accidentally cross the boundary?

Stack pointer of the interrupt stack


Can I save some time from typing "optirun"?

Question: As title, I've installed BUMBLEBEE and now my NVidia Graphics card is enabled. However, I have to type "optirun" before the command I want to executed (e.x. $ optirun openrave) to change the graphics card to the NVidia OPTIMUS one, and it sometimes cause some trouble if I don't. Is there any tip that I can automatically change the Graphics Card mode to the NVidia OPTIMUS one?
Answer: Yes, you can install the program alacarte, from where you can edit the execute commands for your program links (those you usually access programs with if you start them through your Desktop Environment).
So, if you want a game, let's say teeworlds, to always use your high performance graphics mode, you open alacarte, go to Games, then on teeworld. Then you click on "edit" and set the command from teeworlds to optirun teeworlds. Now teeworlds will use the high performance graphics mode whenever you start it through the dash, the Unity Launcher, the gnome-shell, e.g. but not if you execute teeworlds from the terminal or the command prompt (Alt+F2)


How to calculate the Berry connection difference?

Question: For Bloch electrons, the Berry connection is defined as
$$
\mathcal{A}_n(\mathbf{k}) = i\langle u_{n\mathbf{k}}|\partial_\mathbf{k}|u_{n\mathbf{k}}\rangle \tag{1}
$$
where $u_{n\mathbf{k}}$ is the cell-periodic part of the Bloch function with band index $n$ and crystal momentum $\mathbf{k}$. Now, I'd like to evaluate the difference $\mathcal{A}_n(\mathbf{k})-\mathcal{A}_m(\mathbf{k})$, where the empty bands are also included. Although the Berry connection itself is Gauge dependent, the difference should be Gauge invariant due to the arbitrary phase term cancellation. As far as I know, Wannier90 could evaluate it. However, the wannierization for empty entangled bands is less efficient. Apart from Wannier90, is there any other DFT (say, VASP, QE) post processing scripts or codes that have the ability?
Answer: Perhaps not the most detailed answer, since I'm not hugely familiar with the precise functionality/details that would be involved, but GPAW does seem to have the functionality.
Caveat: The GPAW docs are currently undergoing a fairly complete overhaul, so the link may be dead in the medium/long-term future, but as of the writing of this answer, it works.
Comment: Thanks. However, it actually calculates the Berry phase which is the integral of the Berry connection along a closed k-path loop. The individual Berry connection at each k point for this calculation is meaningless due to the gauge freedom.
Comment: Wouldn't the connection always have a gauge freedom? Also, https://wannier-berri.org/index.html may be an option?
Comment: Correct. The Berry connection is itself gauge dependent. For Berry phase calculations, one does not care the alignment of the phases while evaluating the overlap matrix $\langle u_{n\mathbf{k}} | u_{n\mathbf{k+b}} \rangle$. However, one need the alignment for Berry connection calculation.  Wannier-berri is a post processing code based on wannier90.


How to simulate spin-1 systems with qiskit or on the IBMQ platform?

Question: I am wondering how to simulate spin-1 systems with qiskit or on the IBMQ
platform? I want to initialize a qudit (a spin-1 system), and then define the usual operations (such as Sx, Sy, and Sz) on the system. If you have any experience with this, it would be much appreciated.
Answer: What you can do is access higher energy levels on a real backend with Qiskit Pulse as described in their tutorial.
You can excite for example from the ground state $| 0 \rangle$ to the first excitation $|1 \rangle$ with an $\pi$-pulse and use another $\pi$-pulse with the frequency that matches the 1 -> 2 transition to reach $| 2 \rangle$. Then you can map:
$|0 \rangle \mapsto | s=1, m_s= -1 \rangle$
$|1 \rangle \mapsto | s=1, m_s = 0 \rangle$
$|2 \rangle \mapsto | s=1, m_s = +1 \rangle.$
Of course the downside is that in practice the measured signal for the excitations do overlap.
Another possibility for theoretical computations with Qiskit is to use the density matrices from Qiskit Quantum Info by mapping the 2-qubit states:
$|00 \rangle \mapsto |s = 1, m_s = -1 \rangle$
$|01 \rangle \mapsto |s = 1, m_s = 0 \rangle$
$|10 \rangle \mapsto |s = 1, m_s = +1 \rangle$
and drop $|11 \rangle$. The drop corresponds to removing the last row and column of the density matrix.


Restricting Direct Changes in Database Data

Question: Is it possible for Oracle database administrator to make direct changes in data contained in a row, for example, changing an amount of 50 to 500 either by typing into the database cell or by executing an update query? If so, how could it be restricted so that data changes could only input through ERP application?
Answer: If you have Enterprise Edition you can purchase the Database Vault option, which can be used to lock the DBA and SYSDBA accounts out of specific schemas. Otherwise there is no way to prevent a DBA or SYSDBA user (or anyone with the <code>[INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE] ANY TABLE</code> privileges or the ability to login to the application schema) from bypassing the application and modifying data directly. Generally speaking, your DBAs must be trusted individuals.
Comment: Thanks for clearing things up. On a side note, if database vault is not setup, is there any logging option to track such changes?
Comment: Auditing can be configured - but also disabled - by the DBA. It is important to audit changes to auditing and the audit trail itself, in addition to the data. There are several excellent checklists out there for hardening your database (CIS, DISA STIG, etc.) that include basic auditing setups.
Comment: Is it possible to create a trigger to fire if a direct input to a database value is detected, so that it only allows such data changes to be affected through application input?
Comment: Yes, this could be done, but a DBA could easily disable any trigger.  A robust auditing solution is also critical here: DDL changes (like altering triggers, for example) should be captured, and possibly (depending on overall activity and your specific data) possibly actual DML operations that change specific data. You may not be able to stop a DBA from changing data, but you should be able to capture a record of what was done and prevent the DBA from erasing that audit record. In the end, it still comes down to the DBA needing to be a trusted individual.
Comment: Thanks a lot. This was really helpful.


How does TeX's hyphenation algorithm work?

Question: Tex uses a built-in internal algorithm to decide where words can be hyphenated. This algorithm sometimes fails, as discussed in the questions Breaking words at the end of line and How to manually set where a word is split?. (There's also an online list of known algorithm failures.) How does the algorithm work, in broad strokes? I know it's language-dependent, so for concreteness let's say the American and/or British English algorithms.
Comment: The short answer is that it just takes data from a dictionary, compactly encoded into "patterns" with Liang's method. See Appendix H (Hyphenation) of the TeXbook, Part 42 of [the TeX program](http://texdoc.net/texmf-dist/doc/generic/knuth/tex/tex.pdf#page=343), or Frank Liang's thesis [*Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-pu-ter*](https://www.tug.org/docs/liang/). I think though that if what you're looking for is to be able to guess/predict where TeX will break words, you need to look simply at the hyphenation patterns that are loaded, rather than Liang's algorithm.
Comment: Some previous explanations: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/262588/how-are-hyphenation-patterns-written and https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/74369/48
Comment: Have a look at https://www.tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf
Comment: Regarding what you call a "list of known algorithm failures": I would disagree with the term "algorithm failure". Hyphenation exception would be a much more accurate label. Anyway, getting more comprehensive lists of hyphenation exceptions is one (of many) good reasons for loading the `babel` package with a suitable language choice.
Comment: @Mico Why do you think "hyphenation exception" is more accurate that "algorithm failure"?
Comment: @tparker - There are two types of errors when dealing with hyphenation issues: (i) failure to find valid hyphenation points and (ii) selection of invalid hyphenation points. Arguably, the second error type is worse, as it's immediately visible. Liang's algorithm and the hyphenation patterns that are loaded if no language option is set are designed to minimize the frequency of the second error type. Study the list of words you referenced: most cases involve the first error type, as per the algorithm's design. (FWIW, I contributed quite a few of the words on this list. My favorite is "bedwarf".)
Answer: The algorithm is not language dependent, but the data used is dependent on the language.
There are two basic components, a list of hyphenation exceptions some of which are specified in the language definition and others can be added at any time in a document, if you go \hyphenation{one-tw-o-thr-ee} then that word (and upper/lowercase variants) will be hyphenated as shown, note no other linguistic variants such as plurals are affected by this. if you want  "onetwothrees" to be hyphenated in a similar way that would also need to be listed.
Hyphenation exceptions are useful for special words and give total control in the document but clearly just listing every word in the language isn't realistic so the main mechanism is patterns
For each language the format inputs a file that executes \patterns. The original US english ones being at a location such as
/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/generic/hyphen/hyphen.tex

and looking like
\patterns{
.ach4
.ad4der
.af1t
.al3t
.am5at
.an5c
  four thousand more of these lines

If you ignore the digits, each of these runs of letters is matched against the words in the paragraph (. meaning start or end of a word). For each word any pattern that matches a substring assigns a digit 0-9 between the letters of a word (no digit being the same as 0).  If two or more of these patterns match a word, the highest valued digit is assigned to each inter-letter space.
So after all patterns have been matched against a word there is a value 0-9 assigned between each letter. If this value is odd then hyphenation is allowed at that point, if it is even no hyphenation is allowed at that point.
There are additional integer parameters that specify how close to the start or end of a word a hyphen may be placed.
TeX also uses some clever optimisations that mean it does not have to pattern match every word, it only needs to find the hyphenation points in the words that could be a feasible break point in a paragraph, but that's an internal optimisation that doesn't affect the basic hyphenation algorithm.
For some languages that have regular spelling and hyphenation rules, the patterns can be hand written to reflect those rules. English defeats description by rules so for cases like this patterns are usually made by taking an existing dictionary of hyphenated words (eg as supplied by a publisher), and using the patgen program to compress the dictionary by producing a set of patterns that produces (say) 80% of the hyphens in the original dictionary.
Comment: @ShreevatsaR  digits 0-9 are legal.  I meant a pattern `ab1cd` is the same as `0a0b1c0d0`
Comment: Very nice answer. *a digit 0-9 between the letters of a word (no digit being the same as 0)* — this means a digit 1–9 I guess? I also wonder whether today it may actually make sense to just list every word in the dictionary! Ploughing through even a million words (and even the largest dictionaries have fewer words than that) should add a couple of milliseconds per paragraph, and looking at some documents in questions on this site, it appears that many people are willing to accept that much delay. :-)
Comment: @ShreevatsaR it would be interesting to try a big dictionary, in classic tex just a very long `\hyphenation{..}` exception list or in luatex of course you have a hyphenation callback and can write whatever algorithm you like in Lua


How do I make it that /trigger will only execute a command once?

Question: So I am making a datapack for custom enchantments.  I want to make it where every time I use /trigger , then the command will be executed once.  However, at the same time the objective value used in /trigger will be kept the same without continuously executing the /execute command in my tick.mcfunction.  Is there a solution to this problem?
Answer: Create two scoreboards. One for the trigger and one normal one. In every tick you check if the value of both scoreboards are the same and run your function only if they are not:
<code># tick.mcfunction
execute as @a unless score @s name = @s name_trigger run function foo

# foo.mcfunction
tellraw @a [{"text":"My score is "},{"score":{"name":"*","objective":"name"}}]
scoreboard players operation @s name = @s name_trigger
scoreboard players enable @s name_trigger
</code>
Comment: Thanks I already figured it out
Answer: You can add a tag to the item, and execute only if the item does NOT have the tag:
<code>execute as @a[nbt={Inventory:[{Slot:100b}]},nbt=!{Inventory:[{Slot:100b,tag:{realistic:1}}]}] run item modify entity @s armor.feet minecraft:replace_boots
</code>
This will execute at any player wearing boots that do not have the tag. Then in the item modifier, add any attributes or enchantments you like. Alternatively, you could just use /tag instead of item modify.
In this way, you should be able to execute this command every tick with little to no lag. Perfect for custom enchantments.


How to migrate one node into two nodes

Question: I have a D6 installation with a very large content type (i.e. a lot of fields) called field_data. I need to migrate the field_data nodes out of D6 and into a new D7 instance. This D7 instance has two content types called field_data and accomplishments. The accomplishments content type has a field that is a node reference to the appropriate node of the field_data type. Essentially I am exporting one content type and need to import each node as two nodes that reference each other. I have looked into the feeds module and don't see a way to do this. What is the best way to do this?
Answer: This will not be simple, as it is a requirement which is probably unique to your site. I know of no modules designed for this scenario. In general terms, you need to do the following.

Import the field_data content WITH all the fields into your D7 field_data type.
Create your accomplishments content type, and clone each field_data type to an instance of the accomplishments type, recording the nid of the source instance (field_data). Look at the Node Clone module to see how it is done. (Note: This module will not do this out of the box. You will have to hack it to do what you want.) You can probably use hook_node_presave to change the bundle and move the nid to the term reference field, then blank $node->nid to create a new node. Using Feeds or Backup and Migrate will not give you the nid for the node reference.
Delete the unwanted fields from the D7 field_data type.

You might also be able to accomplish this through direct manipulation of the database, but it is probably best to do it 'the drupal way' to avoid any artifacts which you might introduce in the direct query method.
Good luck.
Answer: The migrate module can do it. It is however quite tricky to use.
Start by reading the basics of the documentation
This page: http://drupal.org/node/1513766 covers the migration of books. But is quite a good start for any kind of node.
You will need to expand the node_query() function with leftJoins to all the d6 fields. (Look them up in your database, you can join them by nid.) Because of the joins you can make the input field list as big as you want.
Then in the map (node_field_mapping() function) you can add all fields of your new type.

How to migrate one node into two nodes


How much should I contribute to my 401(k)?

Question: My employer allows me to contribute a certain percentage of my salary to my 401(k).  My employer will also match a certain portion of my percentage.  How much should I invest in my 401(k)?  Should I invest the maximum or should I invest less and use the money to invest outside of my 401(k)?
Answer: A good general rule is to save 15% of your income for retirement.  As for where you put it:

Put as much as it takes to maximize your employer match into your 401(k), but no more.  The employer match is free money, and you can't beat free money
If you still haven't put in 15%, put the rest into a Roth IRA.  By historical standards, taxes are pretty low today.  They are almost certainly going to be higher in retirement, especially since you likely won't have the deductions in retirement that you may have now (kids, mortgage, etc).
If you've maxed our the allowed contribution for your Roth and still haven't saved 15%, put the rest in a traditional IRA.
Comment: +1 Good bullets. Also worth keeping in mind that (at least in my experience) fees in your 401k will be higher than you can get in a Roth. And choice will be better in a Roth and worse in a 401k. For example at a previous employer we had maybe 30 funds to choose from, almost all had fees well over 1.5%. In a Roth at an online brokerage, you can choose from (probably too many) funds, many with fees under 1%.
Comment: @bstpierre - very true.  The fees on my wife's 401k are downright criminal (1.5% + 1% "management fee")
Comment: I'm unsure about point 2.  After retirement you often have far less expenses (no kids, no mortgage, no commute to work, etc) and thus require less income to maintain the same standard of living.  This places you in a lower tax bracket so that even if average taxes are higher in the future, yours likely will not be.
Answer: At the very least you should invest as much as you can that your employer will match, as they are basically giving you free money for saving. After that I would prioritize a Roth IRA as that offers similar tax benefits with more liquidity. Provided you have enough money available in your emergency fund and have plenty for everyday expenses I see no reason not to max out your 401k after that if you can afford it. However, if your emergency fund is lacking, be sure to put some there. Other investments like a 529 may come into play if you have kids you plan on sending to college, but it all depends on your situation.
Answer: If you can afford to put money in your 401(k) account, I would say at least you should invest enough to get your employer's matching fund. It's free money, why not get it?


Passing Django Usernames to Streamlit

Question: I'm working on a project using Django for user authentication and Streamlit for the front end. I'm struggling to fetch the authenticated user's information from Django and pass it to my Streamlit app.
How can I efficiently retrieve user data from Django and securely transfer it to Streamlit? Any guidance or code examples for this integration would be appreciated. Thanks!
Attempted to establish communication between Django and Streamlit by creating an endpoint in Django to fetch user information. I expected to retrieve the authenticated user's data from Django and then use an HTTP request in Streamlit to fetch this data from the Django endpoint. However, I encountered difficulties in properly implementing this communication and handling the data transfer securely between the two platforms.
Also Tried to Use Javascript To Fetch On Screen Infomration
Answer: Pass The Username As Parameter From Django
Django Templated Code:-

Streamlit code :-
import streamlit as st
import urllib.parse

# Get URL parameters from Streamlit's URL
url_params = st.experimental_get_query_params()

# Get the username from the URL parameters
username = url_params.get('username', [''])[0]

st.write("Received username from URL:", username)
# Process the received username in Streamlit

Passing Django Usernames to Streamlit


Receipt of Funds from Outside of India via International bank transfer - Purpose of Remittance

Question: If I am receiving money from international bank in my Indian bank account for my work done . I have to give explanation about the remittance. What is the minimum amount of receiving fund from foreign bank?
Answer: There is no minimum amount. Read the RBI Circular, if the amount is more that Rs 1,00,000; then purpose of remittance needs to be recorded. This link gives out the various purpose of remittance. It is best advised to consult a professional CA for advise in your specific case.


Is there a certification AICPA grants to qualified auditors?

Question: We are in the process of hiring an auditor in order to become SOC 2 compliant and would like to know if there's some kind of official auditor listing available, or at least a certification or AICPA endorsement we should be looking for.
Comment: Isn't this a question for AICPA?
Comment: We did ask directly, however, they haven't reached back yet. I figured this would be the next best thing, since someone in the community may have been through the process already and be willing to share some insights on how to get a qualified auditor. Should I reword my question?
Answer: You would be better served by looking for how much experience the person  has in auditing the Trust Principles contained within a SOC 2 - Security, Confidentiality, Availability, Privacy, and Processing Integrity. I am working in the IT Security profession as an IT Auditor and it has been my experience that experience matters more than any particular certification. However, relevant certifications such as CISA or CPA does provide an objective measurement of your expertise
Ideally, the person is a licensed CPA with the authority needed to complete an independent attestation, and depending on the types of internal controls management states to be in place, has special certifications such as the Certified Information System Auditor (CISA) awarded by ISACA.


Storing Paint in a Hot Garage

Question: Safety in storing Paint.
I just purchased a new Gemini Twin Home or Duplex?
Is it safe to store Paint in a Garage where the heat could rise to 110 Degrees?
What can I do to get the paint out of my Garage. Drop it off to a paint store?
I attempted to have my Garbage removal service take the 3 cans and they would not?
Comment: In the US most municipalities have a hazardous waste disposal process. Check with them.
Comment: Latex paint would not be an issue but oil based that's getting warm enough to cause the solvent to go to the vapor state, if well sealed it is not a hazard but if the can leaks close to an ignition source like a furnace or water heater with a pilot or flame even an electric with a contactor small sparks are generated but the proximity and volume of paint compared to the garage would have to be large to pose a hazard even with oil based but no problem with laytex. Unless you live in California then the can itself poses a cancer risk.
Comment: Please [edit] to clarify what sort of paint it is.
Answer:
Store the paint at/near floor level - unlikely it is that hot down there. Likely want to put it on plastic or wood rather than directly on concrete for corrosion reasons, if metal cans.
If it's latex (water based) no issue.
If you consider it trash, just pour it out on cardboard or
newspaper and let it dry, leave the can open and let that dry,
flatten the can, and put in a trash bag once all is throughly dry.
But consider "free paint" in your classified ad method of choice. Or at the side of the road.

Many areas do have one or several "Household hazardous waste collection days" per year.
Many areas have a place (typically at the transfer station or recycling depot) where you can drop off or pick up excess Latex paint rather than throw it away (or directly try to find someone to take it for free.)
If (as it sounds) the paint was included with your new home, it's good to have for any needed repairs around the home until it goes bad from old age, since it's the same paint & colors used in the home in the first place.

Storing Paint in a Hot Garage


Does Vedic Hinduism exist today?

Question: It seems that the rituals, customs, deities, methods of worship etc. in Hinduism today are mainly based on various Puranas and not the Vedas. Even the Vedic Gods are not worshiped in temples. Very few Hindus perform Yagnyas or Agnihotras. Do any sects of Hindus still follow Vedic traditions?
Comment: This is an excellent question. Before the site went beta, I stated I would rather see a Q&A based strictly on the Vedas. I still hope that it happens...
Comment: @Xarcell Look through my questions.  You'll find quite a lot of Vedas-related ones.
Answer: Hinduism is almost always Vedic, even if the customs, method of worship, etc. change. It is true that performance of Vedic Yajna, rituals, etc. have decreased, but that's only obvious for this age of Kali. However, this doesn't mean that Vedic traditions have been forgot. Veda mantras constitute three kandas or sections (kanda trayatmika veda). They are:

Karma Kanda  2. Upasana Kanda and  3.Jnana Kanda

The yajna and rituals for various gods are basically part of Karma Kanda. The purva mimansa school of thought deals with the ritualistic karma kanda portion. So it is the following of karma kanda portion that has decreased because doing those correctly are difficult in this age of Kali.
But the jnana kanda portion generally contains the upanishdas upon which the uttara mimansa or Vedanta school of thought is based. And there are many Vedanta schools of thought starting from Advaita Vada of Adi Shankara to Achintya Bhedabheda Vada of Shri Chaitanya. Those schools of thought are still active today and hence they are following the teachings of Vedas as outlined by their respective Acharyas.
So in a nutshell, Vedas are still followed today in Hinduism, but the karma kanda rituals have reduced. Apart from the fact that doing them correctly fulfilling all their requirements is difficult today, performance of them leads only to heaven and doesn't give liberation. So because those Vedic rituals deal with the three modes of material nature, it is generally suggested to avoid them if one wants liberation:

trai-guṇya-viṣayā vedā nistrai-guṇyo bhavārjuna
  nirdvandvo nitya-sattva-stho niryoga-kṣema ātmavān [BG - 2.45]
Meaning
  The Vedas deal mainly with the subject of the three modes of material nature. O Arjuna, become transcendental to these three modes. Be free from all dualities and from all anxieties for gain and safety, and be established in the self.

But one may ask, if this is so then why does the Vedas contain those things? So the Bhagavatam  says:

phala-śrutir iyaṁ nṝṇāṁ na śreyo rocanaṁ param
  śreyo-vivakṣayā proktaṁ yathā bhaiṣajya-rocanam [SB - 11.21.23]
Meaning
  Those statements of scripture promising fruitive rewards do not prescribe the ultimate good for men but are merely enticements for executing beneficial religious duties, like promises of candy spoken to induce a child to take beneficial medicine.

We also know that how in Satya Yuga mode of attaining God was meditation and later on it become Yajna and worships in Treta Yuga and now in this age of kali, because people are not spiritually advanced and interested, remembering and taking of God's names is suggested in scriptures. Also following puranas makes Hinduism Vedic because purana and itihasa have been accepted as the 5th Veda (itihāsapurāṇaḥ pañcamo vedānāṃ - Chg. Up. - 7.1.4). Also in many rituals prescribed by the puranas, mantras of the Vedas are used. So regardless of whether we are following the puranas or the rituals of the Vedas, the core of Hinduism is still and will always be Vedic.
Now regarding the agnihotra and Yajnas, the followers of arya samaj possibly do agnihotra daily and I have heard there is a Gayatri Pariwar community who perform Yajna daily. Also from time to time many different organisations organise and perform Yajnas which are basically based on the karma kanda rules of Vedas.
Answer: Yes, still there are many Hindus who follow Vedic traditions (might not be following with 100% accuracy but still they follow). I myself know few people who do Nitya Agnihotra, read Vedas daily, perform Sandya Vandana and try to lead their life as said in Vedas.
There are even Veda Patashala's in India. List of Veda pathasala's in Andhra Pradesh are in link http://vedicheritage.gov.in/Vedapatasalas_Andhra_Pradesh.pdf
TTD is also planning to establish new Veda Pathasala's in different locations to improve the Vedic culture in India
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ttd-to-develop-veda-patasala-at-keesaragutta-in-telangana/article33847419.ece
Comment: Hello and welcome to Hinduism.SE. We appreciate your inputs on this but we expect the users to post detailed answer on the site along with relevant references to support your answer. For more information, you can refer [Please answer in detail along with references to support your answers](http://meta.hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/271) meta post.
Answer: To answer your question, I would differentiate between Vedic religion as the one followed by vedic people and Hinduism as what is followed presently.
Do any sects of Hindus are still following vedic traditions?
Yes, there is a group called Arya Samaj who strictly follow the authority of Vedas disregarding idol worship.
What was different in Vedic times?

There were no temples, since lifestyle was more nomadic
Yagna was the most important ritual
Vedic Gods were primarily forces of nature eg. Agni, Vayu, Indra, Surya, etc instead of deities

As the lifestyle became less nomadic, the yagna was replaced by a more personal Puja.
The style of worship changed i.e. instead of invoking Gods, Gods were appeased.
However the ultimate motive of both remains the same - the desire to cope with existence
The present day Hinduism is Puranic based but having its roots in Vedas.
Hinduism can be divided in three phases:

Age of Rituals (Karma Kanda), Vedic era - focuses on execution of rituals (mechanical)
Age of Speculation (Gyan Kanda), Upanishadic era - focuses on a deeper understanding of destiny (Intellectual)
Age of Worship (Upasana Kanda), Bhakti era focuses on appeasement of deities (Emotional)

The reason for the transformation between phase 1 to phase 2 has been explained in this account as mentioned in the Gita by Krishna himself. It is to be noted that the Vedas were written at a time when there was no other religion. Thus there was another transformation from phase 2 to phase 3 which was more of an effort by the rishis to propel Hinduism further and save it from Buddhism and Jainism as explained here.
In a nutshell, Hinduism has evolved but the core has always been the Vedas
References:

Vedic Hinduism
Yajna
Comment: **Ramayana-haters?** No,They just do not consider Rama as God, they consider him cultural hero, just like Valmiki Ramayana presents Rama.  **Purana-haters?** No. They just consider no Purana etc as pramana. But in any case Vishnavas do not accept Shaiva purana as pramana, and Shaiva already do not accept Vaishnav Puranas. **Not beleiving in idol worship** - So if in vedas times, there was no idol worship(only yagna were performed, also read Poorva Mimansa field
Comment: Aryasamajis make Muslims convert into heterodox varnashrama-haters, murti-muja-haters, sakaravada-haters, avataravada-haters, vaidika-pauranika-tirtha-snana-haters, shraadha-kriya-haters, panchama-veda-rupa Purana-haters, Ramayana-haters, Agama-haters, Brahmana-Grantham-haters & haters of all such passages of Shrimad-bhagavad-gita which do not conform Dayananda's much greater unmaada. To disbelieve in traditional Vedic Dharma by misinterpreting Vedas is much lower than accepting Islam.  Aryasamajis hurt true Vedic Dharma which cannot be made really hurt simply by breaking temples.

Does Vedic Hinduism exist today?


Reasons to publish in a "Letters" journal?

Question: I am a researcher in computer science. I have seen few research papers in a journal called Information Processing Letters, which seems to cover a very broad subject area. I am not getting what distinguishes such a journal from other journals in the area of computer science. Why would somebody publish in such a letter journal?
Comment: I took the liberty to edit your question to make it more general and less about that specific journal, since [we do not like to judge individual journals here](https://academia.meta.stackexchange.com/a/3658). Please check whether everything still reflects your intentions and [edit] your question if necessary.
Answer: While the areas covered by this journal is very broad, the journal focusses on contributions that can be explained in a concise way. They have a strict page limit that is quite low, hence the "letters" in the name.
Other non-letter journals ask for contributions from a more narrow field of research and have a much higher page number limit (if they have one at all). These journals accept papers that provide a substantial benefit to the respective research area, regardless of their length. While the papers submitted to a journal do not officially compete for acceptance (as they would in a conference), all submitted papers need to be competitive in terms of how much they bring the community forward in order to be accepted. Small isolated results often do not fare well in this regard.
A letters journal is hence attractive for contributions that can be explained in a few pages, and for which it makes no sense to embed them in a larger paper (or the author does not want to).
Comment: In various physics areas, one has situations like (Physical Review Letters, Physical Review A-B-C-D-...) and (Applied Physics Letters, Journal of Applied Physics). The letters are short and something new and novel, the longer format is for a deeper, broader look at the phenomena. It is not uncommon to follow up the letter with a journal article.
Comment: And since the papers are shorter, the time to publication may be shorter for some such journals.
Comment: @JonCuster Wrzlprmft changed the topic of the original question from one concrete letter journal in CS to letter journals in the general after I wrote the answer. What you write would raise a good number of eyebrows in CS - once a result is published in a journal, it cannot be reused in an extended version of a paper. This possibility is normally reserved for conference papers (which in turn count as publications in CS).
Comment: Interesting. We use letters to announce that we've found something new, and show that it happens under certain conditions. The journal article is much more extensive covering many more conditions and nailing down the physical reason in detail. The letter is 'here is something curious', the journal is 'here is the full explanation' - I (and the community) don't think this is 'reuse' of the letter. But, different fields, different ethos...
Answer: The rationale is speed.  The tradeoff is shorter length.  Some prestigious journals (I think Science and Nature) will also promise speed.  While they are not "letters" per se, they end up being very similar because of space constraints for the in-demand pages.
Prestige can vary widely. Phys. Rev. Lett is a big deal.  Applied Physics Letters is not.
My advice would be to do medium length articles in medium tier journals (APS/ACS subspecialty journals for instance) except in very unusual circumstances: big discovery or something very niche and throwaway that you can't fit into your normal papers.
Comment: In my field Phys. Rev. Lett. is actually slower, on average, than the equivalent non-letters journal.
Comment: Interesting.  In chemistry, it is opposite.  Glad you commented to correct me.


change the application's trust level in the configuration file

Question: In the below code I am deleting a file from client pc
Dim fs
fs = Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
'If fs.FileExists(upfile.PostedFile.FileName) Then
   fs.DeleteFile(upfile.PostedFile.FileName)
'End If

In the Web.config file, I have configured the trust level also. :
<configuration>
  <system.web>
    <identity impersonate='true'/>
  </system.web>
  <location allowOverride="true">
    <system.web>
      <trust level="Full" originUrl="" />
    </system.web>
  </location>
  ....

BUt while running the application, it is giving the following error. How to change security settings?
Description: The application attempted to perform an operation not allowed by the security policy. To grant this application the required permission please contact your system administrator or change the application's trust level in the configuration file.
Exception Details: System.Security.SecurityException: Exception from HRESULT: 0x800A0046 (CTL_E_PERMISSIONDENIED).
Answer: Setting the website's trust level to "full" has no bearing on how script runs on the client browser, it affects how the server runs your site.
Generally, you are not allowed to muck around on a "client PC" in this way, for fairly obvious reasons, and depending on where (and how) this code is running (is it in a client script block or on the server?) will affect the permissions needed.


Why is SHA3 less conducive to ASIC?

Question: Bitcoins are encrypted with SHA-256, and Ethereum is encrypted with SHA3.  Why can miners for SHA-256 encryption guess hashes in the TH/s when miners for the SHA3 encryption can only hash in the MH/s?  Is the algorithm more complex?
Comment: Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been [moved to chat](http://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/60671/discussion-on-question-by-user6086585-why-is-sha3-less-conducive-to-asic).
Answer: I'm not an expert but I'm a good at digging through academic literature, and this is what I found about SHA3 with relevance to FPGAs and ASICS (and in comparison with SHA2).

Note that this paper dates back from 2011, the winner of SHA3 was not yet decided as NIST only released the SHA3 standard in 2015. Take a look at the Keccak result in this paper. The ASIC space, atleast ASICs with the specific purpose of hashing, have evolved a lot the past 6 years and the numbers are probably not up to date.

These  graphs (and  the  corresponding  tables) have revealed that Keccak is the only candidate that consistently outperforms SHA-2 for all considered FPGA families and two hash function variants (with 256-bit and 512-bit output).

Another paper, which is also pretty old and dates back to 2010 has indications that Keccak (SHA3) is faster than SHA-256.

Figure 5 illustrates how architecture differences affect the performance results. Some curves, like those of Keccak and Luffa, are very steep. This means that a small increase in area yields a significant performance improvement.

Also, I'm not aware of any ASICs for Ethereum, they are currently being mined using GPU's. As you probably already know: GPU's are magnitudes slower than ASICs thus being in MH/s range is no surprise.
Comment: Actually high-bandwidth memory and large memrory amounts are quite expensive and badly parallelizable which is why ETHash is seen as "ASIC unfriendly" whereas CPUs and GPUs have high-perfomance access to large quantities of memory. But anyways, Welcome to Crypto.SE :)
Comment: Why can't someone make an ASIC with a large memory capacity and a high speed bus?
Answer: Your premise is flawed. I think being good for ASIC was one of the reasons why Keccak won: it was both the fastest and had the best performance/area ratio among the finalists for ASIC reference implementation.
By the way, it's easy to see why it is easier to pipeline in hardware if you consider it uses only simple and/xor/rot/not operations, doing away with that nasty 32-bit adder in SHA-2.
While SHA-3 is indeed slower in software, let's not forget that it was designed to not be susceptible to length extension attacks so single SHA-3 can be used in place of Bitcoin's double SHA-2.
References:

http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/hash/sha-3/Round2/Aug2010/documents/papers/SCHAUMONT_SHA3.pdf
https://keccak.team/keccak.noekeon.org/is_sha3_slow.html

By the way, what's the point in ASIC resistance? "Pool resistance" matters a lot more, and that could be achieved by designing the hashing (not the hash!) in a way that no information can be withhold from the miners, maybe as easily as making the full block the subject of the hash instead of just the head.

Why is SHA3 less conducive to ASIC?


んがため vs. べく help

Question: Why does my textbook give 売らんがための as the phrase for ____ in この雑誌には___誇張表現が多いようだ and not 売るべく? From the usage info they give, either should work as both have volitional verbs before the ___. Is it that 表現が多いようだ is not expressing volition that makes 売るべく not appropriate?
Thanks.
Answer: 売るべく works adverbially, 売らんがための works adjectivally (and 売らんがため without の works adverbially). The modified phrase, 誇張表現, is a noun phrase, so it should be modified by an adjectival expression.
Answer: 売らんが為の誇張表現
exaggerated expressions in order to sell
売るべき誇張表現
exaggerated expressions that should be sold.
べきだ is used to express duty, obligation, something that you should do.
んが為 is used to express purpose, reason, motivation.
So the advertisers will use outlandish expression in order to sell more.
But they are not legally or morally obligated to sell. So 売るべき doesn't make much sense.
Comment: Such wonderful explanations. Thank you both!

んがため vs. べく help


Why did US government need NASA to drop bombs on civilians?

Question: In Interstellar, NASA denied the US government's order to drop bombs on civilians. But, why did government order NASA in the first place? Isn't this the job of the military/Air Force?
Answer: From the transcript (the original script did not include this scene)

I heard they shut you down, sir...
  ...for refusing to drop bombs from the stratosphere...
  ...onto starving people.
  When they realized
  that killing other people was...
  ...not a long-term solution,
  then they needed us back.

I suspect that they were driving at the idea of scorched earth. Nuke everything to eradicate the Blight and then maybe Earth could be made habitable again. Or perhaps they were just trying to slow it down enough. You'd need NASA since the surviving humans would have to be in orbit for some period of time to watch the results and return if re-population was possible..
Comment: I'd add that "refusing to drop bombs from the stratosphere" doesn't necessarily mean they would literally be the ones doing it. The Air Force may have simply asked for their cooperation for the operation and they refused.


Three concerns about meaning of "stirred to the depths" and "than" and "has come of age" in this passage

Question:
Every follower of Bahá'u'lláh knows well that the purpose of His Revelation is to bring into being a new creation.  No sooner had " the First Call gone forth from His lips than the whole creation was revolutionized, and all that are in the heavens and all that are on earth were stirred to the depths."  The individual, the institutions, and the community—the three protagonists in the Divine Plan—are being shaped under the direct influence of His Revelation, and a new conception of each, appropriate for a humanity that has come of age , is emerging.
Comment: Please share where you got this from, so that people who want to do more research won't need to hunt for it.
Answer:
No sooner had the First Call gone forth from His lips than the whole creation was revolutionized

"The whole creation was revolutionized" at the same instant (no sooner than) "the First Call had gone forth from His lips".  This is not the typical word order, so it can be confusing.

all that are in the heavens and all that are on earth were stirred to the depths.

Stir can mean "to affect" and is typically used to describe affecting a state where the one being "stirred" is having difficultly controlling him/her/itself.  It's usually followed by the word "up" but this doesn't have to be the case (unless you are stirring up trouble.)
Example: She stirred up within me a longing desire for affection.
The question remains - what particular aspect of "all in theheavens and earth" are affected? - the text doesn't say yet, other than being "revolutionized."
"To the depths" means thoroughly, completely, or as much as possible - if you've heard the saying "X to the core" - as in rocked to the core, it's similar.

"To have come of age" is an expression that means "to mature/become mature" or "to grow up."
Comment: Might it be "to the depths of heavens and earth", as  A vast or unfathomable space, an abyss; the deep or remote part (of space, the air, the sky, etc.). Usually in pl. (poet. and rhet.) ?


VB6 to Java Converter

Question: I have some code needs to be converted to Java from VB6. I found many tools in google for VB.NET. Any free tools which can do my job?
Comment: I'd consider rewriting it from scratch. Another option is VB6 > VB.NET > Java...
Comment: yea...That would be nice...but i just want a time saving option.. :)
Comment: @CodeJack - 'home' is talking about saving time ... **in the long term**.
Answer: One idea might be to look at Jabaco.
This product is an IDE, compiler, and library that lets you work in a very VB6-like language that compiles to Java bytecode.  So you might begin this way and gradually convert parts of the application to Java by hand over time.
This is similar to one of the more successful ways to migrate a VB6 codebase to .Net, but without the Interop issues.
Jabaco is not VB6, so conversion isn't trivial.  But it is much closer than VB.Net ever was, so this makes it a little less painful.  Ideally you'd have a strong VB6 developer who knows some Java and a strong Java developer who knows some VB6 work together to make it all happen.
Like any new development system, it will take some investment in time to get up to speed with its quirks, differences from VB6, and various construct substitutions required to get a working program.
Since it is free at present it costs nothing to take a look!

VB6 to Java Converter