Any way to get credit for publications that I drafted as a fellow for a law professor?

Question: Since I graduated from law school almost ten years ago, I have been working as a fellow for a law professor at a US law school. In that time, I have drafted over 25 articles and book chapters, but only been listed as a co-author on 8. I don't begrudge this split: The Prof has the established name and, in every instance, she has sat me down, outlined what she wants to cover, and then made comments and requested revisions on every draft I produce, but I have always done 90% or more of the actual writing. I greatly appreciate the confidence she has shown in my writing abilities and am just not sure how to convey this on my CV/job applications. My position is ending and I'm applying for new jobs that, in many cases, are looking for expertise in areas on which I've researched and written extensively, just not under my name. Is there any accepted way/format to mention publications one has drafted/contributed to without receiving formal authorship credit?
Answer: What you are describing is actually ethical misconduct. If you were the primary drafter of an article, then you should have been listed as an author on those papers; the fact that you have not is inexcusable on the part of the professor. In the scientific world, such a revelation coming to light would be sufficient grounds for retraction of the articles in question.
So right now, the problem is that if you try to claim ownership, you may be creating a lot of problems. I don't know what the right solution is, but you should definitely talk with someone at your law school such as an ombudsperson before talking to your advisor. The last thing you need right now is having a former advisor who can "spike" letters of recommendation.
Answer: TED, I agree with aeismail is an ethical misconduct, but it is difficult to judge your professor: even you wrote the paper, it depends from your contract; eg if you were payed as "ghost writer" or "technical professionist" or "translator" and you didn't partecipate to research or discussion, you can not expect too much. I do not think it's your case ....
Anyway: yes I have seen in some cv a sentence like

"I participated in the works and project a, b, c as a technician expert and/or reviewer "
Comment: He was a fellow, which would make him a staff member, not a "hired hand." In the sciences, it would be like a research professor or post-doc.


Media keys toolbar on task bar

Question: My keyboard does not have media keys. Does anyone know of a toolbar or something for the Windows 7 taskbar which would add the basic keys there? Like a previous, next and pause button or something.
Answer: Taskplay does that for you: it adds play/pause, previous and next icons in you taskbar and is free (open source).

Note that for seeing these, you'll have to click on the arrow up next to your taskbar and click Customize...

There you can select the icons you want to be displayed permanently (they'll seem invisible because they are white):

I've tested it with AIMP and Google Play (the web app) and it works fine.
Answer: Wouldn't this depend on your media player? With Spotify, if you hover over the program on the taskbar it displays little icons to play/pause the current song, and to fast forward/rewind the song.
I'm pretty sure Windows Media Player still allows you to put the mini player interface on the toolbar.
Comment: That is true with Spotify yes, but I'm talking about the functionality you get with media keys on your keyboard which works with (pretty much) any music player which is currently open.

Media keys toolbar on task bar


Sitting by kadosh in purpose?

Question: I have seen this in sefardi shuls but I am not sure as to what the reasoning behind it is. By kaddish, (yasom, to be exact) the entire congregation sits down. Usually by Ashkenazic shuls it is generally accepted that all will stand up for every kaddish? Why do the halachos by sefardim vary and why specifically by kaddish yasom?
Comment: Sephardim often have the minhag to sit when Ashkenazim stand, just saying. (Example: tefillin.)
Answer: Along the same lines you noted the contrasting customs between Ashkenazim and Sefardim, Rabbi David Sperling writes:

There are different customs about standing or sitting for Kaddish. The
  Rema writes in his additions to the Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 56, 1) "One
  should stand when they answer Kaddish". This is, as you wrote in your
  question, because it is counted as "words of holiness" ("dvar
  sh'bekedusha") which should all be stood up for (see the Rema ibid).
  However the Mishna Brurah there writes that there are those who say
  one does not have to stand for Kaddish, unless one was already
  standing. So, for example, the Kaddish after Hallel, when one is
  already standing because of Hallel, one should remain standing. This
  is how many Sephardim rule (see Yalkut Yosef, volume 1, p. 95). The
  Mishna Brurah rules that one should be strict and stand for every
  Kaddish.

Apparently, the custom of sitting may stem from not being obligated to stand, as Hacham Gavriel quotes "The Arizal was not Makpid to stand during Kaddish (Shaar Hakawanot Daf 16 Amud 4 based on the Kaf HaHaim 56:20 and the Sefaradi Aharonim all agreed to this Pesak)."
For more information which might shed more light in general, see here and here.

Sitting by kadosh in purpose?


How do I transfer one video file from a S6 to an S3 using NFC?

Question: Both my phones are on the same WiFi network and I have NFC turned on for both but what is the qucikest way to select one 400MB file to copy to the S6 through NFC?
Comment: I personally recommend using Wi-Fi Direct for this. It's usually setting up a local hotspot/ connecting to one if it should receive the file and uses the fastest Wi-Fi speed that's compatible with both devices (150mbit/s for the S3 using 802.11n I think) so in your case it should take about 21 seconds (in the optimal case).
Answer: For starters, you don't actually copy media using NFC, because the transfer speed (just ~53KB/s) is way too slow to be practical for use in close proximity.1 NFC simply establishes the connection (usually Bluetooth or Wi-Fi Direct) and lets the system transfer the actual file using that connection.
Android's built-in NFC sharing interface is called Android Beam,  while Samsung's own take on the feature is called S Beam. The former uses Bluetooth, while the latter uses Wi-Fi Direct, which is up to 10x faster than Bluetooth.2
To share files between two NFC-enabled devices, you should first enable the necessary options in both devices' settings (enable NFC, Android Beam, and S Beam if available). Then go to the appropriate app (in this case, your videos app), browse to the file you want to share, and touch the devices back to back. Tap the screen of the device you're sharing from when it asks you to 'Tap to beam'.
(I have read that S6 devices do not have S Beam in the Settings app, but I can't vouch for that since not many people seem to be complaining about it, based on a Google search.)
Comment: So when I tap on my S3 to transfer to my S6, on the S6 screen it keeps saying "select file to transfer"!  Except I have selected stuff on my S3 so I'm lost.


Migrating Bootcamp to new SSD

Question: I bought a Mac Pro (Late 2013) about a year ago. I recently ran out of space on the built-in 250gb SSD (Windows was the culprit of that), so I bought a 1tb ssd replacement from eBay. I just installed it today, and I want to move all of my data over to the new SSD.
I've already got all of the Mac content copying over, as that is really easy, but I also want to put the Bootcamp partition back on the new SSD too. I created a 500GB partition for it, but I don't know how to move the bootable partition over there. I created a DMG from it in Disk Utility before I swapped out the SSDs, and I have that, but Disk Utility won't let me restore it to the new partition I created. It gives me an invalid argument error.
How can I migrate my bootcamp DMG to a partition on my new SSD without having to reinstall it completely?
Answer: You'll need to create an image of the Boot Camp partition of the old SSD using Winclone and restore it to the new SSD.

Migrating Bootcamp to new SSD


Is there any reasons to make sprites and bodies line up?

Question: So in LibGDX the Sprite objects position is where it's 0,0 mark is in the word.  In Box2D a a bodies position is in it's center.  So to line these up when you update the sprites position with the bodies position you would adjust it by half the width and height. But it seems to me theres no reason to worry about that. Because the relative position is always going to be the same, and that it'll just waste calculations lining it up. Is there any reason I should do it?
Answer: Just make sure your sprites aren't going outside the canvas if you don't want them to and I think it's fine. You'd just have to alter the boundaries for the bodies in relation to the canvas in that case.
Comment: I would like to add that, having said that, I do prefer my sprites to be lined up with the fixtures of the bodies. I keep debug draw hooked up to a toggle button so I can switch back and forth and check for what's "actually going on". It's just easier to visualize if the sprites fall away to the polygons as I hit the debug button. But that's just the way I work.


What is Nautilus File system type

Question: I am a beginner for Linux/Unix,according to what i have learn and researched there are ext ,2,3,4 and a GUI version Nautilus or such similar ones.. How do i know if graphical file managers use ext 2,3 or 4?
 i am a newbie so please be detailed as possible
Comment: Nautilus is just a file explorer... and ext2/3/4 are file systems (like FAT or NTFs)!
Answer: EXT is the filesystem Linux uses. Similar to what FAT was and NTFS is for Windows. Instead of using a new name Linux used a number for the newer versions of this filesystem. So EXT2, EXT3 are older, and nowadays obsolete, versions of EXT4. There are also systems that use BTFRS. That one is suppose to be the next filesystem for Linux (it supports some nifty features like on the fly snapshots).

How do i know if graphical file managers use ext 2,3 or 4?

You typically do not need to know this except when installing (just like with Windows Linux needs to have a formatted filesystem, ext4 being the current default, for it to work). ext4 uses journaling and allows for permissions. And some other features Linux needs.
If you need to know the formatting of your system there are several ways.
From command line:
<code>sudo file -sL /dev/sd* | grep ext

/dev/sda2: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data
/dev/sda5: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data
/dev/sdb1: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data
</code>
But you can also use gParted. It is in the repositories. An example:

What is Nautilus File system type


How do I create and render a custom region?

Question: How do I create and render a custom region in Drupal 7, when the Display Suite module is used?
I am not able to show/display a block into a custom region and  confused with the files structure. Please suggest any solution.
Answer: I got the solution and so sharing with all, if it could help someone:
Creating a custom region in our theme if we are using display suite module is slightly different.
1.First define region in your theme's .info file (same as we do without display suite)
regions[name_of_region] = 'Name of Region'

2.Then print the following line in your template file wherever you want to display
print render(block_get_blocks_by_region('name_of_region'));

Answer: To create a custom region, I found I needed to add my region (called customregion) to the .module file:
$layouts['bootstrap_3_9'] = array(
  .......
  'regions' => array(
    'left' => t('Left'),
    'right' => t('Right'),
    'customregion' => t('Custom Region'),
  ),
  .......
);

and then just reference it in template:
<?php print $customregion; ?>


A question on compact operators with domain $l_{p}$

Question: Suppose that $T$ is an operator from a Banach space $X$ to a Banach space $Y$. Let $1<p<q<\infty$. If $TS$ is compact for any operator $S:l_{p}\rightarrow X$, is $TR$ compact for any operator $R:l_{q}\rightarrow X$?
Answer: Yes.  If $R:\ell_q \to X$ and $TR$ is not compact then there is a normalized block basis $u_n$ of the unit vector basis for $\ell_q$ s.t. $TRu_n$ is bounded away from zero.  Let $V:\ell_p \to \ell_q$ be the bounded linear operator that maps $e_n$ to $u_n$ and set $S=RV$.  Then $TS$ is not compact.
Comment: By the proof of Pitt's Theorem , if $TR$ is non-compact, we can get a normalized basic sequence $(x_{n})_{n}$ that is equivalent to a block basis $(u_{n})_{n}$ of the unit vector basis of $l_{q}$ such that $TRx_{n}$ is bounded away from zero. I do not know how to get $TRu_{n}$ is bounded away from zero.
Comment: Let $P$ be a projection from $l_{q}$ onto $\overline{span}\{u_{n}:n=1,2,...\}$ and $A$ be an isomorphism from $\overline{span}\{u_{n}:n=1,2,...\}$ onto $\overline{span}\{x_{n}:n=1,2,...\}$ such that $Au_{n}=x_{n}$ for all $n$. Let $\widetilde{R}=RAP:l_{q}\rightarrow X$. Then $T\widetilde{R}(u_{n})=TRx_{n}$. We can replace $R$ by $\widetilde{R}$.


Add array of category IDs to global variable?

Question: I'm wondering how I can add a global variable containing an array of category IDs.
On my site, I have menus and custom loops and every time I want to delete a category of them, I have to access each and add the ID of the category to be deleted.
My idea is to have a variable with these ids.
$excluded = array( 1, 2, 3, 4 );

Can I use the functions.php for this?
Answer: Simple solution- use GLOBAL variables..
$GLOBALS['my_categories_list'] = array(1,2,3,4);

then you can everywhere access $GLOBALS['my_categories_list'].


Fluid simulation domain visible

Question: Whenever I try to do a fluid simulation, the fluid domain remains visible.
I have tried:ctrl+a-scale, turn on/off visibility for render/viewport
Here's a video demonstrating my problem: https://youtu.be/XmiTU2B_nYU
Here's the blend file in case I have messed up some settings: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1EIv2pACFD-i5CnuuONOKpnezSUYuREFz
Thank you for any help!
Comment: In the new fluid system you have to bake the mesh after the simulation in the domain's tab.
Answer: Based on your video; you are roughly here;

You first step should be to enable, then bake, the mesh;

(Note: My image shows "free mesh" on that button, because I've already baked it)
Now, turn off the liquid;

And you should now have this;
Answer: Other way to go is disabling particles visibility themselves. I have just had exactly identical issue while trying to render in viewport. This happens because Physics Modifier creates particle System. The another visibility setting you are looking for is in particle systems tab.
Keep in mind that Disabling liquid (at least in my specific case) may change  look of final resulting mesh. Maybe in my case i fiddled a lot with too much settings to achieve my desired result and disabling liquid changed the geometry of the mesh.

Before: Blue Particles are visible in rendered view and devlook.

Go to Particles Tab on your Domain object. Pay Attention to Blue dots clipping through liquid mesh in the picture
Expand Viewport Display And choose None in "Display As" option
After. Refer to first picture to confirm difference .

Why i am posting it ? Disabling liquid changes final resulting mesh. Maybe in my case i fiddled a lot with too much settings to achieve my desired result and disabling liquid changed the way the final mesh looked.

Fluid simulation domain visible


How do you counter Heimer mid?

Question: Heimerdinger uses those turrets to have a lot of lane presence and those rockets seem to have infinite range. I play a lot of Annie, Veigar, and Gragas in mid, but heimer always seems to kick my ass. I've tried killing the turrets, instead of poking heimer, but that usually just leads to my losing creeps and heimer poking me down. Help please?
Comment: I really want to grab smite for fun and see how it works for this...
Comment: As a champ tip...Ziggs is extremely strong against Heimer because of how safe Ziggs is, and his extreme range. Around mid game (with proper farming) Ziggs Q should be able to 1-shot Heimers turrets which makes him vulnerable.
Answer: You have a few options,

play a safe AP mid and sit back and farm along with buying GP10 items to push you into late game with greater income.
Play an AP with decent burst/cc and have your jungle camp mid.  If the Heimer is using turrets he will most likely push and be in position to be ganked fairly often.

Just always remember to have at least 3 minions closer to Heimer than you so that his missiles prioritize them over you.
Comment: Not saying this is the case here but something I see people not do a lot of times is following up to take advantage of a good gank. It's very important to feed as many minions to the turret while your opponent is dead before you back(if you have to).  This makes it so they miss both xp and cs while they are dead and coming back to lane.
Comment: The 3 minions tip is very helpful, thanks. The real problem with heimer is that even if the jungler ganks often, heimer still seems to get decent CS, I played Annie against him, the jungler and I killed him twice, but he still matched my CS, also his late game CS was almost twice mine. Is it safe to say Gragas would be a decent counter to heimer?
Answer: As you said, Heimer pokes you down. The trick is to 100-0 him, or at least get him that low that he will die next time he runs up to you. So what I usually do, and what I believe works best agaisnt heimer, is to pick a brust champ (annie, Brand, LB), play deffensive and farm (avoid gettin hit by ANYTHING) till I reach a lvl where i can simply run at him, if he stays he dies, if he runs away, he looses cs. If I am sure i can kill him (jungler gank?) I tend to flash stun (as Annie for example).
Generally speaking, you can buy a lot of healpotions as well, and running the tripple gp10 strat (Heart of Gold, Philo Stone and Kages instead of Dorans/RoA) and passivly farming works against Heimer as well.
A good thing to do is watch out for YOUR minions as well. If there 3 or more minions and you have them stayin between yourself and heimer, you are pretty much immune to his poke.
Heimer is strongest when siegeing you under your own turret, so try to keep the lane pushed.
If you cant push out (in most cases, since Heimer can push really good), get your jungler to gank him, and deny his blue buff! Heimer without blue is way less scary.
You have to realize as well, that Heimerdinger will always be able to farm. Thats just how Heimer works. But a farmed Heimerdinger is not really that scary, just tell your Support (or jungler) to get an early shurelias and engage on them. If you let Heimer poke you, its way harder to win a fight.
Another strat (I personally dont like it tho) is to pick champs with a high range (Karthus, Anivia) and just either poke him back or destroy his turrets all game. This definitly works if the Heimerdinger isn't that good, but a good Heimer will just keep moving (make you miss your skillshots) while poking you with his rockets.
EDIT: I eprsonally play a lot of Gragas and I like him against Heimer, simply cause you poke just as good as him, you farm pretty good and you can engage on him or set up ganks when your jungler is nearby.
Comment: Preciate the info, So it sounds like a champ that has less trouble farming, but can also deal out a ton of burst damage would be preferable against heimer (or any mid, for that matter) Brand, Gragas, Morgana, and Veigar seem to be decent enough choices, as long as nothing hits me. Thanks, man =)
Comment: No Problem. Veigar is hard to pull off against Heimer (mana problems and he is gettin poked pretty easy) but if you catch him once after 6, he is done
Answer: You have two great options when laning against Heimerdinger Mid.

Pick a champion who can safely AOE farm from a distance and clear his turrets (Ziggs, Syndra)
Pick a champion who can jump on top of him and kill him, then get out relatively safely so the Mega Turret doesnt mess up your day (Fizz, Zed, Akali)

He will poke you down, sure, but if you can get a sizeable lead pre-6, its ez mode.
Never pick a champion that is bad under tower without waveclear (Nidalee). Heimer inherantly shoves you to tower, thats what he does.
Heimer also has little roam potential, and is awful at following ganks, so pick someone who can get fed off of other lanes if needed. You will likely lose your tower, but that will happen eventually anyways in a heimer lane.
Answer: Anivia, Mordekaiser and karthus do well for example. The trick is to destroy towers and push back and not let heimer onto your turret or have nice jungler who ganks heimer everytime he extends.
Comment: By destroy towers do you mean the heimer turrets or the regular towers?
Answer: There's a few things you could keep in mind.

Try to always stand behind at least 3 creeps, or his rockets will pretty much demolish you.
Take a safe AP with good sustain and just farm all day, kill his turrets, kill your wraiths and try to take his. You'll most likely come up on top. If he maxes his turrets first, chances are your jungler will have an easy time ganking him too.
You're very unlikely to outpoke him in lane, which is why he has to be bursted down. As he has second to no escape mechanism except for his stun, which most Heimers skill last.(And probably misses a lot too.)
If everything fails, buy MR early on.

Never stop farming.
Answer: For me personally, the most important thing to focus on against Heimer is getting my cs, and destroying his little turrets.
they will shoot you if you just run up and basic attack them, so you typically want to use whatever ranged ability you have to kill them (Ahri's q, Annie's q, Gragas' barrels).
The reason I focus on keeping his turrets down, is that he is most powerful when he has you pushed up against your turret with 3 of his turrets sitting just outside of it.
Destroying those towers makes him much less scary AND more easy to ganked.

As an AP mid, I typically take an Athene's unholy grail as my first item against him. The MR,CDR, and mana regen it offers are extremely helpful, and allow you to frequently toss out your ranged damage ability to destroy his turrets and harass him.
Answer: Play a long range poke. Ziggs, Syndra and Cassiopia do very well against him. You can easily drop his turrets and harass him. ziggs especially. I would just get some early mana regen and harass him out of lane with bombs or whatever harass you have and then kill his turrets and push creep wave back. Also once you kill turrets call your jungler over and you should get a fairly easy kill.

How do you counter Heimer mid?


appMobi watchPosition getCurrentPosition fail

Question: appMobi watchPosition and getCurrentPosition fails, my little GPS icon comes up and goes on, but copying and pasting from the appmobi site taking their exact example, I should get at the least an alert, if not then an error in the console of the debugger to which I am getting neither.
var options = {timeout: 10000, maximumAge: 11000, enableHighAccuracy: true };
//This function is called on every iteration of the watch Position command that fails
var fail = function(){
  alert("Geolocation failed. \nPlease enable GPS in Settings.");
};

//This function is called on every iteration of the watchPosition command that is a success
var suc = function(p){
  alert("Moved To: Latitude:" + p.coords.latitude + "Longitude: " + p.coords.longitude;
};

//This command starts watching the geolocation
var geolocationWatchTimer = AppMobi.geolocation.watchPosition(suc,fail,options);

//Call the stopGeolocation function to stop the geolocation watch
var stopGeolocation = function(){
        AppMobi.geolocation.clearWatch(geolocationWatchTimer);
}

......
UPDATE
Ok, noticed even though using there example the code is broken to a point. It is missing a ) and a ; So with those put in, I am now getting Uncaught TypeError: Cannot call method 'watchPosition' of undefined
alright, UPDATE AGAIN
fixed the last issue, but this one has me stumpped, seems that it runs 2 times be for stoping now, I need it to only run the once. How can I get that?
Answer: Put a flag to run only one time.:
    ...lat=0;
var suc = function(p){
    if ((p.coords.latitude != undefined)&&(lat==0))
    {
            console.log(p.coords.latitude);
            lat=p.coords.latitude;

...


Why can't beryllium react with hydrogen gas directly to give hydride?

Question: I read in a textbook that all alkali metal and alkaline earth metal can react with hydrogen directly to give hydride except for beryllium. I want to know the reason why because I know that $\ce{BeH2}$ exists in a polymeric state.
Comment: See this paper: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja00078a057
Comment: @NilayGhosh this q never got an answer that could stand up to criticism. Maybe summarize key findings from the reference in an answer that will work?
Comment: @OscarLanzi Please go ahead and make into an answer. I can see you had deleted your answer 4 years ago due to lack of reference(?)
Comment: That paper shows evidence for BeH, BeH2, and several gaseous oligomers under heroic conditions.  BeH is endothermic deltaG = 67 kcal. that combined with the strong bond energies of H2 and crystal lattice of Ge direct reaction would be kinetically and thermally difficult.  The answer seems to be they do react if all the activation energies are removed at a low temperature to prevent decomposition.
Answer: As described in Ref. 1, the proposed reaction is endothermic and thus unlikely to be favored. In contrast the other alkaline earth metals give exothermic reactions that ought to proceed at least at low enough temperature. So then the question becomes why does beryllium give an endothermic reaction?
One clue lies in the unusually high melting and boiling points of this metal versus other alkaline-earth metals, which do react directly with hydrogen. From the respective Wikipedia articles we render the following melting and boiling points for the first three alkaline earth metals:
Beryllium: 1287°C, 2469°C
Magnesium: 650°C, 1091°C
Calcium: 842°C, 1484°C
This implies that metallic Beryllium has much stronger bonds than other metallic alkaline earth elements, and a reaction of beryllium metal with hydrogen is thereby hindered by those stronger elemental bonding.
In this respect beryllium resembles not the other alkaline earth metals or even post-transition metals in Group 12, but higher-melting transition metals such as titanium or iron. The lack of a reaction between beryllium and hydrogen thereby fits a more general pattern: high-melting metals, which require breaking strong bonds to form salt-like compounds, do not do so with hydrogen. They either fail to react directly with hydrogen at all (unless they are somehow atomized first, as in Ref. 1), like beryllium or iron; or else they instead form interstitial hydrides that allow most of the metal-metal bonding to be preserved like titanium.
Beryllium is also not alone in being atypically hard to melt or boil. The same thing happens with boron versus the rest of Group 13 and carbon versus the rest of Group 14. In all these cases the small size of the electronic core, which is only a $1s$ subshell, allows strong and deep overlap in the delocalized bonds between the atoms, whereas the larger cores of the later-period congeners limits overlap and makes the heavier elements potentially more reactive.
References

Thomas J. Tague Jr. and Lester Andrews (1993). "Reactions of beryllium atoms with hydrogen: Matrix infrared spectra of novel product molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 25, 12111–12116.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00078a057
Comment: It really is fairly simple the product is not particularly stable and reacting from the elements has a large activation energy to supply Ge and H atoms. Ge and H atoms react nicely at temperatures near 0 K, the activation energy is supplied elsewhere.
Comment: More is involved than activation energy. Breaking the strong bonds implied by the high melting point is also a thermodynamic barrier.
Comment: That is what the activation energy is composed of. Add in a strong H-H bond and finally an endothermic compound why does anyone suspect this reaction to happen at ambient temperatures


Why monotonic function can not have removable discontinuity?

Question: It seems like all the proofs I've seen of the theorem that monotonic functions can only have jump discontinuity at $x=a$ use $f(a)$. But how can we use this in the case that f is not defined in this point? For example the function $f(x)= \frac{x²-1}{x-1}$ if I don't decide on a value for $f(1)$ and keep it undefined, is that not removable discontinuity?
Comment: A function $f: E\to \mathbb R$ with $E\subset \mathbb R$ is said to be continuous at a point $x\in E$ if for any sequence of points $x_n\in E$ with $x_n\to x$, we have $f(x_n) \to f(x)$. A continuous function means $f$ is continuous at all points $x\in E$. This is the convention used when people talk of continuous functions. Thus $f(x) = (x^2-1)/(x-1)$ is continuous everywhere. The fact that $f$ is not defined at $x=1$ is irrelevant. In other words, if you want to claim $f$ is discontinuous at $x$, you better actually have $x\in \mathrm{dom}\,f$
Comment: From [Wikipedia on the classification of discontinuities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_of_discontinuities#Removable_discontinuity), it seems that some don't consider your $f$ (with $f(1)$ left undefined) to even have removable discontinuity.
Comment: Thank you so much!!
Answer: If you don't choose a value for $f(1)$ for the function $f(x) = \frac{x^2-1}{x-1}$, then there is no real issue: we can only discuss continuity of a function within its domain.
If $f(1)$ is not defined, then $1$ is not in the domain of $f$, so there is no real "point" to discussing whether $f$ is continuous at $1$, because it is not defined there to begin with.
More broadly, if $f : D \to \mathbb{R}$ is a function of domain $D \subseteq \mathbb{R}$ then we only can discuss continuity at those $x$ which live in $D$, i.e. those $x$ for which $f(x)$ has a defined value.
The statement "monotone functions cannot have removable discontinuities" is concerned with discontinuities within their domain. That is, it would try to instead deal with a function looking like
$$
f(x) = \begin{cases}
\frac{x^2-1}{x-1} , & x \ne 1 \\
4, & x = 1
\end{cases}
$$
where $1$ is actually given a defined value.
The function $f$ you gave at the outset, just defined by the rule $f(x) = \frac{x^2-1}{x-1}$, is not defined at $1$, and so $1$ is not in its domain and it is therefore pointless to discuss continuity there. You might as well discuss the continuity of $\sqrt x$ at $-1$ (when interpreted as a function $\sqrt{\cdot} : [0,\infty) \to [0, \infty)$), it would be an equally pointless conversation.
Answer: We can only reasonably talk about properties of a function at a point if said point is in the domain of the function.
When you define $f(x) = \frac{x^2-1}{x-1}$, we must also specify the domain on which it is defined.
If you say that $f \colon \mathbb R \setminus \left\{1\right\} \to \mathbb R$ (that is, $f$ is defined on all the reals except at $1$), then it doesn't make sense to say that $f$ has a removable discontinuity at $1$, since $f$ isn't defined there.
(This does seem to be a possible deviation from convention here however; see https://mathworld.wolfram.com/RemovableDiscontinuity.html).
A function must specify a value at all points in its domain. That's the definition of a function. So if you say we "leave $f(1)$ undefined", that either means excluding $1$ from the domain, in which case speaking of continuity at that point doesn't make sense; or we must include $1$ and thus specify a (finite) value for it.
Answer: Emphasizing that the function $\frac{x^2-1}{x-1}$ is not defined in $1$ is formally true, but glosses over the fact that this is not the point. Even if we considered a function like brought below
$$f(x) = \begin{cases}
\frac{x^2-1}{x-1} , & x \ne 1 \\
a, & x = 1
\end{cases}$$
for some $a$, we will find, that monotone contradicts removable discontinuity: if $a=2$, then we lost discontinuity and function simply become $x+1$, and if $a\ne 2$ then we lost monotone property.
Monotonic function, defined on real interval, have very interesting property: it has limits from the right and from the left at every point of its domain.
But removable discontinuity we call case when function has limit in given point, but it is not equal to function value, i.e. it's strictly less or strictly more.
Joining these two facts gives, that function lost monotone property, if it have removable discontinuity.
Comment: Constructive critique is welcome, especially as answer is correct.


vue.js change query location NavigationDuplicated

Question: currently have query param id=2&p=3
want to change this with vue-router
tried :
this.$router.push({query:{id:'2',p:'4'}});

but throws NavigationDuplicated
weird ..
how to change just the query, to trigger watch.
Comment: shouldn't you provide route name?
Comment: tried that,, even that is not working .. same error
Comment: there's a discussion on github https://github.com/vuejs/vue-router/issues/2881, maybe it can fix your problem
Comment: Did you find a solution? I'm having the same problem
Answer: The error will be thrown only if your params the same, so you could just check your params before push or replace. Also, you could use async/await or then/catch with there methods, here is an example:
try {
  if (/* id or p have been changed in this.$route.query */) {
    await this.$router.push({query:{id:'2',p:'4'}});
  }

} catch (err) {
...
}

Comment: my question is even if id or p changes it throws up error
Answer: I had the same issue of getting a "NavigationDuplicated" error on adjusting my query. In my case the problem was because on page load I was naively getting the query object directly from the router. I loaded it like:
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
  store.dispatch('setQuery', to.query);
  next();
}

where setQuery would set my vuex store variable query.
The issue is then that this object just points to the query inside the route object, and making changes to it changes directly route.query but the url doesn't react to this change. If you then do something like:
watch: {
  query (query) {
    this.$router.push({query: query})
  }
}

you will get a "NavigationDuplicated" error as the new "query" will be identical to the old "query" since you are just passing the pointer to the original object.
To avoid this issue you can do some sort of deep copy (e.g. JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(to.query))) to make sure you are not directly modifying the route.query when you adjust the query.
Answer: if you create button and want to router push, just convert those button to <router-link :to="routeObject" />. Router-link will not react if destination route = current route, so it won't show error navigationDuplicate
note:
routeObject : {
  path : '/search',
  query : {}
}


What to do with useful comment?

Question: The comment on my answer to this question is so useful that I think it should be part of the answer. Can I edit the answer to add the comment and flag it as obsolete?
Comment: You could edit it in, but be sure to provide attribution to who posted it.
Comment: As alternative to immediately flagging "obsolete" consider comment like "I've updated post with info you've suggested, please see if it aligns with your suggestion." (consider to delete comment/flag whole thread after several days)
Answer: Editing your answers to increase their quality is always encouraged. You should however always provide attribution if you use content provided by comments or other answers. It would go something like this:

As @User pointed out, this is an important caveat/addition to my
  answer:
[Text]

Its important that you do this because:

Its fair
It clears you of accusations of plagiarism
Its common decency
The Stack Exchange license requires attribution

If you want to go a step further (if the content you are editing in makes out the main part of the answer or the answer would otherwise make no sense) or if you have bad feelings about earning rep with someone else's content, you can always turn your post into a community wiki aswell. Keep in mind if you do this the answer becomes open to even content edits and you no longer own it.
I don't think flagging the comment for obsolescence is necessary, since even when edited in, its still pertaining to the Answer.
Comment: *It clears you of accusations of plagiarism* - That's important. Always give credit to the right person / resource. As long as an answer contains the words - *as @user says*, it is OK
Comment: I think it's the nice, decent thing to do, as you point out, but I'm not sure I agree with the bit about the SE License. This seems to imply that if the author of a comment complained you had included it in their answer without attribution, they could claim copyright and force a rollback or something. Surely not.
Comment: @Two-BitAlchemist well, in principle they could send a formal DMCA complaint to SE, after which the SE people would force a rollback and purge the allegedly offending revision from the database. Unless the answer's author provides a formal counternotice, in which case it falls to a court to decide whether the rollback is necessary. I'm sure it's exceedingly rare, possibly unprecedented, that any commenter would consider this worth the effort.

What to do with useful comment?


Can't join areas. I only see "Swap Areas"

Question: Using 2.82a.
I made some accidental area subdivisions and I wanted to join them.
But now, right-clicking on the area line, I just see "Swap Areas".

What's wrong?
Answer: I opened a ticket on the blender's support and the problem is that to join the areas, the areas have to be the same height (vertically) or width (horizontally).
So there was a 4th small area on the top of the middle area which was avoiding to join the vertical areas:

This way I need first to join the top area as described in the blender support ticket:


How can I determine a stereogenic centre?

Question: I have a problem understanding stereogenic centres. A stereogenic centre is specified (in the case of organic chemistry that I am interested to) as a carbon atom which is bounded to four different atoms or groups. However in my teacher's notes in order to make clear the way we find stereogenic centres he gives as an example a cholesterol molecule with its stereogenic centres that are shown in the image:

What I cannot understand is why the 18th carbon atom is said to be stereogenic since it is bounded to four carbon atoms?
Why is the third carbon atom said to be stereogenic since it is bounded to 2nd and 4th carbon atoms which are identical?
I have some confusion regarding the definition of an assymetric carbon atom. Even though it seems to me quite straight forward the way it is implemented seems to not obey to my theoretical expectations.Can someone please justify the way stereogenic centres are specified in the case of cholesterol? Could someone give me some examples of chemistry molecules and the stereogenic centres that we meet there ? Any help is really needed and appreciated!
Comment: Note an error recognizing the assignment of numbers here. Sterogenic carbon atoms are number 3, 8, 9, 10 (not 19!), 13 (not 18!), 14, 17, and 20 (not 21!).
Answer: As your teacher's notes says, a carbon atom in a molecule which is bounded to four different atoms or groups can be considered as stereogenic center. An example for a molecule with a carbon atom which is bounded to four different atoms is 1-bromo-1-chloro-1-fluoroethane:

The stereogenic center is the $\ce{C}$1, which is bounded to another $\ce{C}$, and three halogens, $\ce{Br, Cl,}$ and $\ce{F}$, respectively.
An example for a molecule with a carbon atom which is bounded to four different groups is 3-methylhexane:

I choose this molecule to clear up your confusion on stereogenic centers in cholesterol. The stereogenic center in 3-methylhexane is $\ce{C}$3, which attached to 3 different carbon groups, mamely methyl, ethyl, and propyl. The forth group is hydrogen.
Now, let's see one of your concerns:

Why is the third carbon atom said to be stereogenic since it is bounded to 2nd and 4th carbon atoms which are identical?

Do they identical? Not really. What is the next atom to $\ce{C}$2? It is $\ce{C}$1 which is $\mathrm{sp^3}$ hybridized. What is the next atom to $\ce{C}$4? It is $\ce{C}$5 which is $\mathrm{sp^2}$ hybridized. Thus, $\ce{C}$2 and $\ce{C}$4 are not really identical such as methyl and ethyl groups are not identical in my second example.
And, if you really looks carefully there is no steocenter on $\ce{C}$18 (which is a methyl group). I believe the stereocenter you really talking about is $\ce{C}$13 (also, if you have problem with $\ce{C}$13, you should have problem with $\ce{C}$8 as well). On $\ce{C}$13, the three other groups are $\ce{C}$12 ($\ce{CH2}$ group), $\ce{C}$14, and $\ce{C}$17 ($\ce{C}$18 methyl is the forth). You misunderstood as $\ce{C}$14 and $\ce{C}$17 are identicle because both of them are $\ce{CH}$ groups. It is also true that $\ce{C}$14 attached to two other groups with $\ce{CH2}$ ($\ce{C}$15) and $\ce{CH}$ ($\ce{C}$8), as well as $\ce{C}$17 attached to two similar groups with $\ce{CH2}$ ($\ce{C}$16) and $\ce{CH}$ ($\ce{C}$20). Thus, to determine whether they are different or not, you need to go one step more. For $\ce{C}$14, $\ce{C}$8 attached to $\ce{CH}$ ($\ce{C}$9) and $\ce{CH2}$ ($\ce{C}$7).
For $\ce{C}$17, $\ce{C}$20 attached to $\ce{CH2}$ ($\ce{C}$22) and $\ce{CH3}$ ($\ce{C}$21). That observation exclusively shows $\ce{C}$14 and $\ce{C}$17 are not identicle.
Answer: Consider the third carbon for instance, As you mentioned, it is connected to three carbon atoms, which are its immediate neighbors. Since the three atoms are carbons, we now go to the next-nearest neighbors, and now we see that the next-nearest neighbors for atom 3 are different. Thus, the local environment for the atom number three has four types of atoms (one O from -OH group, one H, and two distinct carbon atoms). This same reasoning can be extended to atom number 13, where we see that the neighbors of the four carbon atoms connected to atom 13 are in different chemical environment, rendering the atom number 13 to be a chiral center.
Comment: So far, [user55119](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/users/55119/user55119) provided 19 answers how to apply the [CIP rules](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/search?q=user%3A55119+CIP) and I recommend to work through these e.g., [this one](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/88893/what-are-the-cip-rules-for-cyclic-substituents/89085#89085), or [this](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/6387/how-to-check-for-geometrical-isomerism-in-cyclic-compounds/134639#134639). The results are developed gradually and amended by useful illustrations.
Comment: I was always puzzled by the definition of stereocenter based on how many 'different groups' it has. Perhaps it is more useful to learn what _stereoisomers_ are; then a 'safer' definition may be 'an atom is a stereocenter if, by swapping any two different groups bound to it, a new stereoisomer is generated'. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereocenter . This covers cases like 4-methyl-cyclohexanol, which has two stereocenters despite being achiral and having two identical groups on each of them. But yes, the OP's had simply misinterpreted the term 'different atoms/groups', not this aspect.


Magento 2: Problem with Product Links

Question: During an Import to Update Product prices, I made a mistake. I leave the value for the Product Link empty. After the Import all Product URL change and got the value from the Product name. To face this mistake I delete the table catalog_product_entity_varchar and after that, I create a new table with a SQL Backup. Now in the Product Backend Page for each product, there is the right URL but in the frontend, it doesn't found. Only with the wrong URL. What can I do? I think it depends on the URL Rewrites!
Answer: This module is been deprecated you can use this module instead
Download Using Composer;
composer require elgentos/regenerate-catalog-urls

php bin/magento setup:upgrade

Regenerate url for all products and the global store
php bin/magento regenerate:product

Regenerate url for products with id (1, 2, 3, 4) for store 1
php bin/magento regenerate:product:url -s1 1 2 3 4

Magento 2: Problem with Product Links


Luciferase promoter vector over p-AcGFP1-C1 vector

Question: AcGFP1 vector can emit light by itself, whereas in case of Luc vector a substrate is needed for the reaction. Nevertheless, Luc is said to be more specific or better than AcGFP1. Why is this so called? What are the advantages of Luc vectors over AcGFP1?
Answer: You are confusing luminescence and fluorescence. GFP does not emit light. The abbreviation stands for Green Fluorescent Protein. You need to shine a blue light source at it and it will fluoresce green. The problem is that many organisms have background fluorescence, a cell without any GFP can often have a little bit of fluorescence by itself or contain pigments that mask the signal.
Luciferase assays depend on a chemical reaction which oxidises a molecule (luciferin in the case of firefly luciferase) and photons are emitted.  This is much more sensitive than fluorescence but is also a lot more expensive and usually (but not always) requires cell lysis. It is very rare for a cell to emit light by itself so the background will be a lot lower allowing you to see smaller difference.
There are many reasons to choose one over the other in an assay, if you share a bit more on how you intend to use the reporter you can get a more detailed answer.
Answer: The vector to use will depend on what you want to do.
The possible problems with GFP are :

The lost of function of the fusion protein (you add 238 amino acids to your protein, that's a rather big change !). There are vectors allowing fusion in C- or N- ter of your protein to try to avoid that.
The GFP may separate from its fusion protein, making observations or immunoprecipitations useless.
With a high expression vector, you may have a saturation of fluorescence in your cells so quantification would be difficult.

With luciferase assay, you add the substrate so your quantifications can be made as soon as the reaction start and luminometers are sensitive enought to detect very low Luc activity or use very few cells.
BUT
GFP vectors allows you to do in vivo assays (quantification, intracellular localisation, cell sorting...) while Luc assays needs the lysis of your cells.
So, depending of your goal it will be better to use one system or the other.


Selected text in browser converted to a contact in Google Contacts

Question: In email messages and sometimes on web sites, there will be a block of information I'd like to add as a contact in my Google Contacts list. Is there a Google Labs experiment, Chrome extension, Firefox add-in, bookmarklet, or any other tool which allows me to do this more easily? Ideally, given a block of selected text, it should figure out name, postal address, phone number, email addresses, web sites, and then put each in its proper place in a new Google Contacts entry.
Answer: Check this Chrome Extension: Chrome Contact Manager.

The extension is designed to parse selected text on a website for contact data and store that contact data to your Google contacts.
  Usage:
Select text on a website and then click the extension button. Selected text parts will be shown and the user is able to drag and drop the correct data into the according fields. Already found data will be placed immediately into the correct fields
Comment: Are you affiliated with this? If so, you need to disclose it in your answer. Also, this has not gotten any good reviews and seems to require that you put your Google credentials in as plaintext. I wouldn't use it.


In modern browsers, what is the need for socket.io?

Question: I'm building a web application that is aimed at developers.  I assumed that most web developers would be using a modern browser, and thus would have support for WebSockets.  Is there any need, then, for socket.io?  Or maybe I'm just being naive about this?
Answer: WebSockets support is very limited. The current release version of Internet Explorer (IE 9) doesn't even support the current WebSockets specification. You need IE 10+, Firefox 11+, Chrome 16+, or a nightly build of Safari.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket#Browser_support
So it's a pretty big assumption that most web developers are using a browser that supports it.
Also, think about enterprise web developers. Often their corporate users are all running some older version of a browser (almost always IE) that the company has standardized on (usually to support some older Line of Business app).
In fact, 7% of all internet users and 25% of Chinese users are still using IE 6.
There will likely be plenty of need for socket.io for the foreseeable future.
Answer: Many proxy servers and firewalls break websockets.  Use http://socket.io-test.com to test.


What would happen if the crew launched to dock with the ISS were incapacitated?

Question: Suppose a spacecraft lifted off from the space center and within few minutes after reaching the 200 kilometers altitude on its way to the ISS,  and for some reason the crew were incapacitated. Will the spacecraft still be able to dock to the ISS or would the ground team be able to get it back to the Earth?
Comment: unmanned cargo vessels exist
Comment: @JCRM Yes, but that doesn't imply the same technology is employed on crewed vehicles.
Comment: It depends on which spacecraft, you need to specify.
Comment: related but not duplicate because Dragon-only: [Did the people aboard SpaceX Dragon Crew-1 flight pilot the Dragon or were they just passengers?](https://space.stackexchange.com/q/48623/12102) answer: "Dragon 2 is fully autonomous. It has to be because the same platform is used for crew and cargo missions, and obviously, there is no crew on a cargo mission."
Comment: given the capability exists, it'd be a strange choice not to use it @user2705196. The manned Soyuz doesn't have the backup option of being controlled from the station, it uses crew for that.
Answer: All of the current crew vehicles dock themselves under normal circumstances, but they do allow the meat cargo to override the procedure if they want to.

Russia's Soyuz and Progress vehicles are designed to dock themselves at the International Space Station using an automated rendezvous system called Kurs.

source

SpaceX's Crew Dragon Resilience spacecraft glided to a smooth automated docking Monday night at the International Space Station, delivering four astronauts.

source
Soyuz MS-14 and SpaceX Demo-1 were unmanned missions of the crew vehicles which successfully docked. Boeing didn't manage to dock theirs yet.
Ground control would also be able to command the vehicles to return to Earth. An earlier version of Soyuz has unfortunately demonstrated a landing with incapacitated crew.


SSL connection in Flash socket?

Question: Is it possible to establish an SSL connection from a Socket in Flash?
Answer: As far as I know directly from flash player, client side, browser, you can't.
If you ask generally about flash:
This part of the reference describes a subclass of the Socket class, called SecureSocket, what seems to do the job, but only in AIR 2.
Maybe it fits your needs. Otherwise you might use some server-side code, connect the flash and make the requests through the server-side.

SSL connection in Flash socket?


Dismiss ship after finishing contract

Question: Regarding those contracts about placing a satellite (or something else) around some planet or moon... May I dismiss them after the contract is fulfilled? Or there is some kind of penalty if I do that (like, the company not making new contracts with me again) ?
Answer: Once a satellite completes its mission in can be removed from orbit. But this isn't recommended for the following reasons:

A satellite in stable orbit can be re-contracted for easy money. The new contract involves moving the satellite to a new location.

Example: I launched a satellite to Kerbin equatorial orbit which paid around K50,000. It has since been re-contracted to move to a new orbit twice paying an additional K45,000. I had left enough fuel to de-orbit but each of the contracts only burned 1 unit of fuel!

In KSP 1.2, satellites can be left in orbit to form a "Deep Space Network" of telecommunications.
Comment: I was not aware of the re-positioning contracts, you're right about those.
Answer: Once the contract is complete, that's it. You can safely remove your satellites from orbit.
Answer: Yes, once you've completed the contract, you can do whatever you want with the satellite.
If you have multiple satellite launch contracts active at the same time, you can even complete two (or more!) of them with a single satellite, as long as it's got enough fuel to reach both orbits and the parts required by both contracts. Just get the satellite into one orbit, wait the required 10 seconds for the contract to complete, and then move it into the next orbit.
However, there are several reasons why you generally shouldn't just blow up or de-orbit a perfectly good satellite:

Contracts for "science data from around <planet / moon>" are pretty common, and can be trivially completed if you already have at least one satellite in orbit around the planet / moon with an antenna and at least one science instrument.  (Thermometers are a good choice, being cheap, lightweight and reusable.)  Note that such contracts don't actually require you to gain any new science points from the data — you just need to collect and transmit it, even if it's worth zero science.  For the same reason, it's a good idea to leave working landers on as many planets and moons as you can, since you do get contracts for surface science as well.
Once you have some satellites in orbit, you'll also frequently get contracts to reposition one of them into a new orbit.  Usually, the new orbit will be pretty close to the old one (often just a slight plane change), so completing those contracts is pretty easy as long as you have some maneuvering fuel left.
Also, as already noted in other answers, in KSP 1.2 satellites can be used as signal relays, and the more you have, the less likely you are to lose control of your unmanned vessels at a critical moment just because of a gap in your relay network.  Do note that, for a satellite to be usable as a relay, it needs to have a relay-capable antenna.

BTW, when "mothballing" a satellite, make sure that its solar panels are facing the sun so that it won't run out of power.  Having some fuel left for future orbit changes is also a good idea; if your tanks are dry, and especially if you have other satellites nearby, you may want to consider terminating the satellite just so that you won't get any more contracts to move it later.  Of course, you can also always just decline such contracts, or, if you prefer, launch a new mission carrying extra fuel and a klaw to grab your satellite and move it. ;)

Dismiss ship after finishing contract


The armature does not move with the mesh

Question: Hy I am making a video game character and I'm on the animation part, specifically rigging. I am sure I did everything necessary and looked at similar questions to. As the title says the mesh does not move with the bones. Sorry, I'm used to 2D, but I REALLY want to get into 3D and know everything necessary to start except for rigging of course. The rigging part is hard and I don't know why.
Comment: Hi, as first: armature should not move with mesh. Mesh should move with armature. This is very important diference. As second - if you give us link to your dropbox from your browser, it does not work. Upload image directly to your post and for .blend use:  http://blend-exchange.giantcowfilms.com/ and add ling to your post also.
Comment: Hy, Thanks for the heads up, I added the pic and am just waiting for my .blend to upload
Comment: ok the .blend is there.
Answer: your geometry is unsuitable for rigging. Imagine, that bones moving with vertexes. In your case is impossible bending mesh by bones correctly, because mesh have really bad topology for animation. And this is the reason why Blender can't assign vertexes to bones and give error message.
Normally you can use "Automatic weights" feature in Blender. Select mesh, press "SHIFT+LMB" select armature. After press "CTRL+P" assign mesh to bones. But this doesn't work in your case.

This is how mesh must look for use in animation:
..as you can see, it work

You can control, how armature move with vertex by "Weight paint". Every bone have vertex group with the same name. Here you can set how strong are vertexes controlled by which bone.

I hope this help you. Also you can find a dozens tutorials about this theme all over the internet.
Comment: Hy, I appreciate this. Truth is I did not know that my mesh was terribly built and had bad topology. In fact I don't even know what that means so I will look it up. Thanks for the extra info to, I will be sure to keep this post in check. This really helped


Universal file viewer for many files

Question: Looking for an application that can display many files at once of varying file types. Ideally there'd be a stellar grid view of previews so users could quickly scan through them - flagging a few or reorganizing them as necessary. A few example file types, PDF, PNG, CAD, AI, PSD - the closer to "universal" the better. Not sure if there would be proprietary limitations for Adobe and others. Ideally, this would also be local software so the files don't need to be transferred. OSX and Windows compatibility preferred. Thanks for taking the time.
Answer: IrfanView covers some of these but not all (https://www.irfanview.com/main_formats.htm)
https://www.irfanview.com/screenshot/big/28_menu_thumbs_view.jpg and is Windows only.
Perhaps the app called "Preview" on the Mac.
Adobe Bridge does Adobe-related ones quite well which aren't covered by others.
Comment: IrfanView will run under wine, so running it on Mac or Linux is a possibility.
Comment: "Preview" does well, but requires a bit of [extra effort](https://osxdaily.com/2013/04/06/create-contact-sheet-thumbnails-mac/) to get its grid view to be markup-able. Wondering if there are any other Mac compliant applications with that functionality baked in. Does IfranView suffer the same limitation? Some sort of section dividers would be ok too. Just need a way to communicate the fate of the related files (delete, keep, other notes).

Universal file viewer for many files


Typo3 8.7.3 ExtBase - Individual MySQL Query in Repository

Question: i am currently encounter a problem which is what i think connected to database cardinality and Typo3 not recognizing it.
I've got a project model which has different preevaluations, evaluations and mentorings connected with 1:n relationship. So i want to get all the projects where a user is connected to in either one of these models. The user for the different models can be different or the same, but i want to get the project only once back. Since i read in the documentation of the typo3 extbase, the cardinality is implicitly found by typo3 when i use individual db queries.
The evaluations, preevaluations and mentorings are set in the TCA with the type "inline" in a custom column declaration.
The function I am trying to use is that one over here:
public function findOwnedProjects($filters,$aSorting = NULL, $aSearch = NULL)
{
    $user = $GLOBALS['TSFE']->fe_user->user;
    $userId = $user['uid'];

    $query = $this->createQuery();

    $orCondition[] = $query->equals('preEvaluations.frontendUser', $userId);
    $orCondition[] = $query->equals('evaluations.frontendUser', $userId);
    $orCondition[] = $query->equals('mentorings.frontendUser', $userId);
    $orCondition[] = $query->equals('projectlead', $userId);

    $condition[] = $query->logicalOr($orCondition);

    $condition[] = $query->equals("type", 'project', false);

    $query->matching($query->logicalAnd($condition));

    if (!empty($aSorting)) {
      $sSorting = $aSorting['order'] == 'asc' ? \TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\QueryInterface::ORDER_ASCENDING : \TYPO3\CMS\Extbase\Persistence\QueryInterface::ORDER_DESCENDING;
      $sSortBy = strip_tags(trim($aSorting['sortBy']));
      $query->setOrderings(array($sSortBy => $sSorting));
    }

    return $query->execute();
}

But this is returning duplicate projects when there is more than one preevaluation or so connected to the project. I tried var_dumping the SQL statement which is generated and could see there is no DISTINCT in use. That is the whole problem i think and i don't see a solution so far.
I am not a typo3 expert and just trying to figure out what the problem is. If you got any idea what i might have missed, please answer this question.
Thanks!
Answer: I would try with the $query->contains method like that :
$orCondition[] = $query->contains('preEvaluations.frontendUser', $userId);
$orCondition[] = $query->contains('evaluations.frontendUser', $userId);
$orCondition[] = $query->contains('mentorings.frontendUser', $userId);
$orCondition[] = $query->contains('projectlead', $userId);


Is it a good idea to open up to your PhD advisor about depression?

Question: Basically what the question says: is it a good idea to sit down and openly talk with their PhD advisor about struggling with depression?
Sending support to anyone out there struggling ♡
Comment: May be of interest: [PhD supervisor wants me to quit after break](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/142692/phd-supervisor-wants-me-to-quit-after-break/)
Comment: About 15 years ago one of my PhD students talked to me about his depression. If you are interested I can write an answer.
Comment: @MoisheKohan I would appreciate that very much!
Comment: Welcome to Academia.SE. I rephrased your question somewhat -- we don't really take "poll" questions like "has anyone ever...", since you cannot draw meaningful conclusions from a few self-selected data points (other than the trivial: yes, in the history of academia, someone has tried this). But I suspect you're really looking for advice, which this formulation should still invite.
Comment: Also, does this answer your question?: [How do I talk to my professor about my anxiety/depression?](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/78273/how-do-i-talk-to-my-professor-about-my-anxiety-depression?rq=1)
Answer: I can give you the perspective from the supervisor's side. It's a good thing to ask your fellow graduate students, but the drawback of that approach is that their experiences will have an n=1, so you'd have to listen to a lot of tales to triangulate an answer.
From my experience as a professor, supervisor and advisor to many students, I know that is that it is very common for graduate students to suffer from depression. For example, this article in Nature cites that

In a 2019 global survey of 6,320 PhD students, 36% of respondents reported seeking help for anxiety or depression caused by their studies

This is supported by my direct experience. When I was a graduate student at an R1 institution, almost every graduate student I knew was taking antidepressants.
In my experience as a professor, it is also very common for graduate students to share this with their advisors. I know, since I am known to be a good point of first contact for undergraduate and graduate students suffering from depression and other mental health issues, so I get to hear from a lot of students about their struggles. I am not a therapist, so the only "real" thing I can do is to refer them to the counseling center, but they come to me because they can expect a supporting ear and not judgement. So I can tell you that it is very, very common for students to both suffer from depression, and to talk to professors and advisors about it.
We still have a long way to go, but the days when admitting to depression made you look weak, or destined to a mental ward, those days are gone. Having said that, beware that if your advisor is an ass, they will be an ass about this too, so if your question is "should I speak with my advisor about my depression", the answer is "it depends on who your advisor is." But in general, you can expect that the majority of advisors will be sympathetic and supportive, because yours will surely not be the first case they hear about, and all of us went through grad school and know how stressful it is.
Comment: "It is very common for graduate students to suffer from depression" Citation needed. I'd guess you understand the difference between "feeling depressed" and clinical depression, but not everyone does, including many professors.
Comment: Sorry but this doesn't answer the question.
Answer: I have been very open with my mental health struggle with my supervisor ever since the start of my PhD. The situation I was in at the start was not something that was letting me work properly as I should have, and I felt like I needed to explain it.
I have ADHD and have been very productive during my undergrad and master (in CS), often hyperfocusing on coding, and the drop in my work output made me feel even worse and I felt the need to justify myself.
I brought it up slowly, first explaining that I had trouble working sometimes. I mentioned related issue with it, such as my parent gambling addiction, and the toll it was taking on me as I was the only one supporting them. The fact that it was during Covid and lockdown didn't help, and I explained that staying at home all day was not helping.
Basically, I tried to not suddenly drop my entire life problem in the conversation, but over some meetings I explained some of the issue, and what were the consequences, at the time, on my work for example. It helped especially when I had very bad day and had to take a day off, not having to create a fake justification was very helpful. I tried to keep it related to the PhD, and not go too much into my personal life.
I never brought deeper issues, such as suicidal thoughts/attempts as: 1) I was not comfortable bringing it with anyone I was not very close. 2) I didn't think it would have helped the situation with my supervisor. 3) I feared it might actually change (in a bad way) our interactions.
I think I am lucky that my supervisor was very understanding during the whole time and offered me support if I needed ait.
Like everywhere, with everyone, it mostly comes down to the person you are talking to.
I slightly hinted at some issue I had, and the reaction my supervisor had made me trust I could explain in more details what the issues were. On the other side, I tried the same thing with my co-supervisor, and it became quickly apparent that for him, mental health issues were just something you had to motivate yourself to get over with.
Your university probably have a service here to support you in this type of situation/help with mental health, and they will be very understanding of any issue you have and should be there to listen to you. They may help you with how to discuss it with your advisor as well.
In my case, I also contacted the administrative services of the research institute to document my issues, which helped me apply for extensions for medical reasons.
Answer: It's nice to know that academia has a few supervisors like Cheery.
Yet I feel that the majority - despite wanting to be positive toward the sufferer of depression - are not really equipped by nature, background, training or resources to be of much help with this.
I am sorry to tell you that in my own experience the personal/family/relational problems of graduate students are often issues that should never be discussed in any terms with professors in general, nor with fellow PhD students in general for the same reasons and also due to their self-focus during their program.
Only with those rare atypical individuals in academia can one open up like this. Yet even these can do little other than send you to the doctor or psychologist - something the guy next door can tell you.
My advice is to go to a health professional downtown (not the campus ones) and if he/she thinks you need some time off then they will write a note in general health terms to your HoD.
It's amazing how much harm people do when they are trying to avoid being seen as unsympathetic although that is exactly how they feel. So don't risk it unless the signs are very very good indeed.
Buona fortuna.


New Raspberry Pi B+ is dead after 30 minutes, any ideas?

Question: I just received new Raspberry Pi B+ yesterday. Loaded RASBMC on it, updated and working fine. Ran for maybe 30 minutes and then 'poof'! The unit lost the link lights on the network card and there is only the 1 red light showing on side of unit. It will not boot up. When I power cycle it the green light on board flashes 1x and then the red light stays on. No network light and no video. Possible bad sample?
Comment: The usual problem is power supply, but if the red light is on is probably OK. Can you measure the voltage on pin 2 (+5V)? 'poof' is not a technical description. Was there smoke? What actually happened? What was connected?
Comment: unplug everything, does it power on with only the SD card connected and the power supply?
Answer: One flash is unusual; my first guess would be the SD card got corrupted or is not inserted properly.
Two flashes is the norm, indicating it got through booting firmware and loaded a kernel.  More than two flashes indicates an issue as per the elinux page.
Answer: Firstly, check whether the Sd card is properly seated in the Raspberry Pi card slot.
If the Sd card is seated properly and rebooting still failed, I suggest you format and reburn a fresh copy of the Os image file onto your Sd card.


How to detect if one tweet is agreeing with another

Question: I want to detect tweet text agreement. Suppose someone posts some subjective opinion in twitter. Other users will post reply either agreeing or opposing the original tweet. I want to estimate the amount of agreement. Is there any algorithm/library in any language to do that or any labeled dataset?
Answer: Not sure there is anything for that, you could check

is it a verbatim retweet
does it have the same sentiment
is the edit distance low

Or you can train your own model, where you label (agree) by hand and then build features.
Answer: Sure there can be more complicated approach but if you are dealing with raw tweets, I think problem is twofolds;

Topic Discovery

You first need to find out what the tweet is talking about. It will be much easier task if you can skip this, given that you are looking at tweets with specific tags; that you know what the tweet is pertaining to. Otherwise, you can use LDA or gensim library in Python.

Sentiment Analysis

This is much easier task. For each topic, for all tweets, associate tweets with probability of positive / negative and also, you could scale this by certainty. This could be using out of box solution such as from nltk.
This github repo seems to be doing what you are intending to do, and could get some inspiration.
https://github.com/nagarmayank/twitter_sentiment_analysis


Drive transistor harder for more distortion

Question: I've been working on a distortion circuit for a guitar pedal and so far I like the tone but I was wondering if I could get some insight on how I might drive the transistor (T1) harder, increase gain to get a stronger distortion sound. Right now it's a bit too mellow. Is it about getting higher voltage to the base? Where would be a good starting point for swapping out components to experiment? I'm still learning the basics and starting to experiment with transistor distortion. Thanks!
Comment: To keep the output impedance of the T1 stage constant, I suggest reducing the value of R13, rather than increasing the value of R10. But the effect will be subjective, so try both. Start with a factor of two.
Comment: FWIW, as I read the circuit, the distortion is meant to come from the diode network D2, D4, D7 or D3, D5, D9, not from the transistor T1.  Trying to get audible distortion from T1 is changing the operation of the circuit entirely.  Increasing R10 increases gain and increases output impedance of the T! stage, making the clipping diode network work more strongly. Adjusting R13 will change the bias point of T1, but should not affect AC gain strongly due to C12. But I am not an audio guy, so could be reading this wrong.
Comment: Side note - Schottky and germanium diodes have a mellower distortion than standard silicon types - maybe try 1N4148 or 1N4001 diodes if you can.
Comment: Probably just increase the value of R10.
Comment: The OC139 is a rather old part and it looks like your distortion from the diodes might not be as hard as you want. Are you actually using an OC139 and where did the circuit idea come from? On a side note - your name greybrow reminds me of someone from a music site called mp3unsigned.
Answer: R8 is the primary limit on the action of the diodes; you should try reducing it, probably to zero. But R10 is a bit too large to give a full fuzz tone effect. In fact, everything in this circuit is badly chosen, making it difficult ( and far too much work ) to suggest individual changes. C12 makes T1 run at maximum gain, so getting more amplitude for the diodes would mean using Q1 as a common source amp rather than the source follower it currently is. You should look for a more competently executed design. That said, I will add that this circuit achieves its effect in two ways: the obvious one of the diode clipper, and the more subtle way that T1 is connected. Grounding the emitter with C12 makes an output that has compressed positive peaks and expanded negative peaks, creating more even order harmonics.


Are the peer-reviewers of papers submitted to a conference that took a place in location X from X too?

Question: Generally speaking, are the papers submitted to a conference (Scientific conference, say) that took place in region/country X reviewed by peer-reviewers in region/country X?
Answer: No, the reviewers could easily be from other countries and may, or even may not, be attending the conference.
Answer: Definitely not necessary and also impractical. Conferences have different chairs and different sessions. Each is controlled by a different person. There are multiple layers to it. In general, reviewers are spread all across the world. And same reviewers do their job across multiple years.


How could the Collatz conjecture possibly be undecidable?

Question: I wonder how the Collatz conjecture could possibly be undecidable. Let's say it's undecidable, then no counter example can ever be found, and that to me seems to imply that none exist, and thus that it's true.
Comment: The trouble is that if it can be (and it might be!) undecidable without your knowing it. In this case then as you say it must be true, since any counterexample would decide it, but that's not a contradiction, it only means that its decidability would also be undecidable, and similarly the decidability of its decidability would be undecidable, and so on ad nauseam.
Comment: @zarathustra Isn't that [independence](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_%28mathematical_logic%29), not [undecidability](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undecidable_problem)?
Comment: @SeanEberhard I am not sure I follow your comments. Are you using the concept of independence or undecidability? If you are speaking of *independence*, are you saying it's not possible to prove a particular statement is independent of a particular theory? That would be false, for instance Cohen proved CH is independent of ZFC. If you are speaking of *decidability*, in what sense is determining whether a decision problem is decidable *itself* a decision problem? What is the input in this 'higher-order' decision problem?
Comment: "Undecidability" is a notion relative to a given *theory*.
Comment: @SeanEberhard Thanks, the decidability being undecidable makes a lot of sense, and that does seem to avoid this problem.
Comment: @SeanEberhard Does this mean that it can never be proven undecidable? Since it must be either decidable, or the decidability is undecidable.
Comment: @user2520938 Yes, exactly.
Comment: @whacka: I also found "undecidable" for "independent" in some lectures notes. I thought the OP really meant "independent", as the question is about the existence of counter-examples, while the computability notion has to do with computational problems, not mathematical statements.
Comment: @zarathustra I believe OP was indeed thinking of independence but the claim in question is about undecidability, which is why the confusion arose in the first place.
Comment: @whacka I do apologize for the confusion, I was talking about independence. This confusion of the terms is not so uncommon though, for instance see the remarks at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undecidable_problem#Examples_of_undecidable_statements. I certainly was *not* making the claim that it's impossible to prove statements are independent, but merely something like the following: if $\phi:\mathbf{N}\to\{0,1\}$ is a computable function then the statement "there exists $x$ such that $\phi(x)=1$" cannot be proved independent.
Comment: However I've just remembered that the Collatz problem is not exactly so simple, but at least this is true: the statement "there does not exist a loop in the Collatz problem other than 4,2,1" can obviously never be proved independent, though for all we know it might be independent. While making my earlier remarks I forgot about the other possibility, that there exists an unbounded sequence, which is not so simple. But still the point is that a conjecture might be independent without us mortals ever having the luxury of knowing it.
Comment: "'there does not exist a loop in the Collatz problem other than 4,2,1' can obviously never be proved independent, though for all we know it might be independent" - When you start with 'obviously' you've got to finish with something trivial enough to justify the use of that word. You went the other way, moving not only to 'independence', but independence that can't be proven to be so despite being so. Please add 'obviously' to the list of words you are clearly using too often.
Answer: The original Collatz problem concerns the $3x+1$ function in particular. The generalized problem takes as input an arbitrary Collatz-like function (a function with associated modulus $n$ that restricts to an affine function $x\mapsto ax+b$, with rational coefficients $a,b\in\Bbb Q$, on each residue class mod $n$) and must determine as output a determination of whether or not the original Collatz problem is resolved in the affirmative for that function. Note a finite amount of data is enough to describe any Collatz function, so this idea makes sense.
It turns out the problem is undecidable: there is no algorithm that can take as input a Collatz-like function and offer as output a yes/no determination of whether every integer iterates to $1$ under the inputted Collatz function. This notion of algorithmic undecidability is to be distinguished from a different notion of independence in mathematical logic. One might claim, for instance, that whether or not the original Collatz conjecture is true, our currect axiom system (the basic assumptions underlying most modern mathematics as encoded in ZFC) is not powerful enough to prove or disprove it. This is for instance what happened with the Continuum Hypothesis: ZFC cannot prove it true or false either way, CH is independent of ZFC.
Comment: Note, the undecidability of the generalized problem doesn't say anything about the undecidability of the specific one.
Comment: Undecidability was proven by John Conway - see Lagarias's survey on the $3x+1$ problem.
Answer: Your logic is correct when it comes to non-trivial loops since one of these could be found, and following the cycle would prove its existence.
The trouble comes with sequences which ascend to infinity. It is possible that one could find one, yet be unable to verify that it is one, because one might have to follow it to infinity to prove it - which one can never do.
Comment: @name that's why I took care to say you *might* have to follow it to infinity to prove it. If you were able to identify some sequence ascended infinitely without following it all the way, that would not be an example of an undesirable counterexample. But if there is some sequence which ascends to infinity, and the simplest proof that it does so is infinitely long, then the problem is undecidable.
Comment: "The trouble comes with sequences which ascend to infinity. It is possible that one could find one, yet be unable to verify that it is one, because one might have to follow it to infinity to prove it - which one can never do."  That alone makes no sense. The sequence of prime numbers is infinite, yet you can prove that using a finite number of steps. You have no logical basis for why you would have to "follow it to infinity" to prove it.
Comment: Perhaps one should include a statement like:"if we don't have an analytical formula to show or disprove that one trajectory is divergent", and enhance more:"if we have a proof, that such a formula *cannot exist*"
Answer: This is not so well known, but Conway came up with a language called Fractran decades ago, but maybe not published at the time of its inception, which is based purely on number theoretic statements and then proved that one can express an undecidable statement in that language.
My understanding (explained to me, havent seen it exactly, hope another knowledgeable expert can better pinpoint it) is that the undecidable statement was shown to have "parallels" to the Collatz conjecture formulation which can be taken as circumstantial evidence that some set of Collatz-like problems are indeed undecidable. have not been able to track down the exact original reference.
The connection between undecidability (connected to/ flip side of Turing Completeness) and number theory is explained by Aaronson in "the enigmatic complexity of number theory" (mathoverflow). this points out Hilberts 10th problem's deep connections to number theory and Turing completeness/ undecidability. In short, no "simple" problems like Collatz are known to be undecidable, but in at least these two cases complex statements written in the "language" of number theory are provably undecidable.
Comment: Fractran's crazy! It might make a good question to see the Collatz algorithm written in Fractran.
Comment: @RobertFrost: I think I've seen that Collatz-algorithm in fractan online some years ago, perhaps you can find it using google/webarchive and the relevant keywords.
Answer: In short: There is a small glitch in your reasoning. (See last paragraph of this post if you want to skip the explanation.)
Let's imagine some deity told you that some number n is a counter example. Then you start calculating the sequence and after a day of calculations with your fastest computer, you didn't find the sequence's end. You continue this for a week, a month, a year... and still you didn't find the end of the sequence. You start to believe that the number n is actually a counter example, but you cannot prove it. You can't follow the sequence to an end.
Still there are two possibilities open: 1) there is no end and 2) there is an end, but you didn't follow far enough to reach it. So no matter how long you follow an infinite sequence, these two possibilities will always stay open.
So, there might be counter examples, but then, if it's an undecidable problem, it means that it's impossible to prove the counter examples in one or the other direction.
So the problem is with this sentence: "no counter example can ever be found, and that to me seems to imply that none exist".
That's not true. It might be possible to hold a counter example in your hands. In such a case there is just no way to prove that it is one.
Comment: Remember that to date it is not known if the Collatz conjecture is true or false and it is not known if there can be a proof of it being one of them, i.e. it's decidability is also not known.
Answer: It depends on what you mean by truth and falsehood in the first place. Let me explain.

Suppose we're working inside of some system with axioms and with certain logical rules. We can call a statement $S$ to be true if there exists a chain of statements, linked via the rules of deduction, ending in $S$. This chain of statements is a proof of $S$.
Sometimes, we may be able to find a proof for the statement $\neg S$, the negation of $S$. In this case, we call $S$ false. Under the assumption that we're dealing with a "sensible" system, no statement can be both true and false.
This leaves a pretty strange possibility. Could a statement exist that is neither true nor false in the aforementioned sense? As it turns out, yes. For example, a particular statement about infinite sets called the Continuum Hypothesis has been shown to be independent of our most common set of axioms. That is, a proof of the Continuum Hypothesis can't be constructed, and neither can a disproof. Some [citation needed] even suspect that the Collatz Conjecture might fall into this category of undecidable statements.
But here's the catch: How do you prove a statement is undecidable? The short answer is: you really don't.
When we talk about decidability, we're no longer talking about mathematics, not in the regular sense. You can't construct a proof about the nonexistence of a proof. But you can use the ordinary laws of deduction to talk about mathematical theories themselves, in what we might call meta-mathematics. For example, regarding the Continuum Hypothesis, it was proven that both adding it to our set of axioms and adding its negation produced theories that were just as valid. The argument is precise and solid – don't get me wrong, this result is established. But it lies in the mathematical metatheory, and not in the theory itself.

What does all of this have to do with Collatz? Well, your argument proves that if the Collatz Conjecture were undecidable, it would have to be true (in the intuitive sense). But this wouldn't constitute a proof: a proof needs to be contained in the theory, and our argument lies on the metatheory. So, Collatz could pretty well be undecidable, which would make all of our search attempts futile, while proving nothing.
If this still isn't clear, we can try another example of a very similar nature. Ever wonder why the induction needs to be taken as an axiom in some systems? (Notably in the Peano Axioms). If we had some statement $P(n)$ depending on a natural number $n$, and knew $P(0)$, and that for all $k$, $P(k)\Rightarrow P(k+1)$, we could prove $P(n)$ for any $n$. For example, to prove $P(5)$, $$P(0)\Rightarrow P(1)\Rightarrow P(2)\Rightarrow P(3)\Rightarrow P(4)\Rightarrow P(5).$$ In an analogous manner, with enough time (and patience), I could write a proof for $P(10)$, $P(1000)$, or $P\left(10^{10^{100}}\right)$. And yet, I would be unable to prove $P(n)$ for all $n$, since my algorithm to construct a proof belongs to the metatheory, and not the theory itself, of natural numbers.
I hope all of this makes your issue clearer.


Getting custom field old values using formula field

Question: I have a phone field in custom object which stores phone number which is updated when we get new phone numbers. I need to find the old phone number using formula filed. Can anyone please help me in getting the solution. Thanks in advance
Answer: The general consensus is to use a second field with a workflow to capture the old number which I totally agree with. One approach worth considering is to make the 'Old Phone' field a text field and append the numbers as they change so you have a rolling history:

Create a workflow with 'ISCHANGED(Phone)' as the condition using 'formula evaluates to true' instead of 'criteria met'
Do a field update (text not phone) with the following formula: Phone & ", " & Old_Phone__c

You can get fancy with the formatting (comma's and line breaks) but you get the idea.
And if you need something more robust with more history and granularity such as who and datetime of when then I would consider creating a custom object to capture these audits and using a small apex trigger to write the changes. The benefit here of course is ease of reporting, managing, and understanding the data.
Answer: You may want to check the following functions:

PRIORVALUE: Returns the previous value of a field
ISCHANGED: Compares the value of a field to the previous value
ISNEW: Checks if the formula is running during the creation of a new record
Comment: you cant use formula field to find old value
Alternate approach you can do by creating workflow field update and preserve old value in somehidden field which you can use in formula field
Comment: Thank You. But when creating formual filed I cannot see PRIORVALUE, ISCHANGED and ISNEW in the functions dro down list
Answer: Formula fields are calculated at runtime whenever someone views the field or it's referenced in another formula. The values are not stored in the database, so you can't reference historical data in the formula field.
You can use workflow rules with a field update or Process Builder to store the last value in another standard phone field.

Create a custom phone field to store the value (e.g. Old Phone).
Create a new process. Choose your object (I'll use Contact in this example) and set the criteria to "Start the process when a record is created or edited"
Set the Criteria for Executing Actions to "Filter conditions are met" and set the Set Filter Conditions to  Is Changed = True.

Add an Immediate Action of type Update Records, choose the your object, and set Old Phone to the value of your phone field.

Once you save and activate your process, this will update the Old Phone field whenever the other phone field is changed.


iscroll link ajax

Question: I've been at this for a few hours so I hope someone can help me with this and not just tell me to GOOGLE it.
I'm using iscroll because of its great features of fixed header/footer.
I have links in the footer.  When in normal safari, it all works fine.  When the webapp is saved to the home screen, and then launched, after a link is clicked they close the webapp and launch safari.
I've tried AJAX with no good luck.
Can someone please help.
Answer: Try using relative links rather than absolute links.
for example use links such as
/link/to/page or link/to/page
rather than
http://domainname.com/link/to/page
or
http://www.domainname.com/link/to/page

iscroll link ajax


Finding out time that was taken to copy a set of files

Question: I recently copied a large set of files (about 6 GB) into my Pen Drive. Is there any way to determine the time taken to complete copying from any of log files. I am using Mac OS Mountain Lion Operating System.
Answer: Not from a log file, no. You can, however, use the terminal's time and cp to do this. Here's how:

Open terminal
Enter the following:
time cp -R ~/Desktop/nameoffoldertocopy /Volumes/nameofpendrive/
Enjoy.

This will start a timer, copy the entire folder you list over to your pen drive and output how long the whole process took.
Here is a real world example using a folder on my desktop named "partslist" and an external USB drive named "Drive Two":
time cp -R ~/Desktop/partslist/ /Volumes/Drive\ Two/

And from the output in Terminal I can see it took just over half a second (you want the value for "real"):
real    0m0.670s
user    0m0.002s
sys     0m0.013s

Comment: I am not tested using your command. Anyway for clarifying the question - Can I know the time taken for a finished Job? I mean I already copied a file into Pendrive One Hour ago. Can I know the time taken for that log? Up to my understanding, it is NO. But I would I would like to to know if there is some method exist.
Comment: no, OSX doesn't log each and every file I/O operation...as each log would be a file I/O and, well you get the problem!
Comment: cjb110 is correct. You cannot tell if you did not time it. There is no log file for this.


how to fix rotten exterior wall

Question: Due to moisture my outside wall is rotten in a small section of house. Picture attached. What is the best way to fix this.
Comment: Consider extending that downspout to dump rainwater farther away (and downhill if possible).
Comment: Thanks Steve, That might be the reason why it rot at the first place :(
Answer: I see that you have posted two questions about this situation. I fear you have to address a couple of problems here.  First and foremost is to try to route water away from this area. We can address this in another segment with more info on the area in question.
As far as the immediate problem, I am pretty sure you will have to remove the damaged sections of the rotted siding. I also suspect there will be damage to the bottom plate and will have to be replaced as well. Also inspect any insulation in this wall for moisture damage and mold.  I would be looking at replacing the sill plate with pressure treated lumber and seal it with caulk under the plate to avoid any water creeping indoors under the plate.  If you do not want to replace the entire height of the siding, you may be able to scab a matching replacement patch in there, but that could be unattractive.  You could install a horizontal trim piece along the bottom, under cut or flashed to the siding if the rotted section is not too high up the wall. The important thing here is to remove the rot and create a side wall that will not rot again. You could use a PVC trim board (1X8 etc) or other rot resistant material. This is one of those jobs that require a look-see and adapt a solution as the amount of damage is determined. If you are looking for step by step directions for cutting, removing, and replacing, that is a whole other discussion, depending  on your level of expertise and tools you have available.
Comment: Thanks for the input, sidewall should prevent further rot on the siding above ground but, Even if i install the sidewall, will the existing contact of concrete with the sill is not a problematic thing?
Comment: You will have to inspect it when you take off some of the siding..  If it's rotted, you will need to jack the wall 1/4 inch and replace the sill with a PT sill.  Don't put new stuff on a rotted sill.
Comment: Without actually seeing the extent of damage under the siding, it is very difficult to plan a course of action.
Answer: Shirlock's advice is good but I want to add a few things:

You need to regrade plus move spout out.
However I think you have more than a standing water problem.  The water damage is pretty high up and it is pointing me to thinking that your gutters are not functioning .  I think your flashing may not be tucked over the gutters or something else.  We don't have pictures of that though.
The bottom foot or two - or possibly the entire side - I would use a water resistant material not wood for siding.  Wood looks good as siding but need to be protected more which it doesn't look like this side of your house is.
Answer: I've had this same problem before and found it difficult to find replacement material that matches. In Texas it rains heavy and the high humidity keeps these surfaces wet. If the rot is low enough to the floor, run a chalk line across horizontally. Cut of the rot with a circular saw,(adjust the depth of the blade so it doesn't cut the 2x4 wall behind) then use a piece of hardi cement trim board to fill in the bottom. Caulk well between the old wall and the trim. Ted

how to fix rotten exterior wall


Adding 24, 48, 72 hr highlights to cell for tracking purposes

Question: I am trying to add conditional formatting that turns yellow after 48 hours from the date in the cell, turns orange after 72 hours from the date in the cell, and red after 96 hours after the date in the cell.
Comment: Great! What have you already tried that didn't work?
Answer: All of the hours you are express can be simplified as days. (2 days, 3 days, 4 days ). You want a condition per color you are using.
Assuming you are doing this on a desktop:
If you select the range you want to apply the formatting. Take note of the top-left-most cell of the range & write it down. Right click on the range you selected and select "conditional formatting." Then select "Add new rule." In the drop down menu labled "Format cells if..." select "Custom formula is." Then in The input-box below type out your yellow formula. ( Repeat all of the steps for Orange, & Red ).
Below I listed the Yellow, orange, & red formulas I used assuming your dates are in column A Ranges A2:A1000

YELLOW: =AND(TODAY()>=2+A2,TODAY()<3+A2)
ORANGE: =AND(TODAY()>=3+A2,TODAY()<4+A2)
RED: =(TODAY()>=4+A2)

Remember when I asked you to take note of the top-left-most cell? If you want to adapt the formula I used in the list above on the Range you are applying your conditional-formatting to, You need to change "A2" into the top-left-most-cell you wrote down.
Comment: This is for Google Sheets. Why does the desktop OS matter?
Comment: Because the exact steps I provided are not identical to the Android-App, or the iOS-App, or even the mobile-site-version of google sheets(If you try doing it on your cell phone via your cell-phones web-browser).
Comment: As this is Web Apps, and not [android.se] or [apple.se], it's assumed that your solution would be for a desktop browser. Your solution should work just as well for Mac or Linux, on virtually any browser.
Comment: Please suggest an edit that will help people avoid trying to apply this solution on their phone.