sharepoint in webpart context menu X mark image is displaying in IE?

Question: In sharepoint webpart context menu x mark image is displaying how to remove it ?.This happening in IE.In chrome contect menus are displaying in down.
image in IE :

Image in chrome :
Answer: Could be an issue with IE caching where you have loaded the page before and then updated the page but its still on the old version.
Try a hard refresh (Ctrl + F5).
Comment: I tried this still the images are displaying.
Comment: hit F12 and inspect the x image to see what the url is for the image. Is it correct?
Answer: I think this issue is about IE browser, not for SharePoint.
Try below things for narrowing down your issue:

Check if there are any IE add-ons that prevent displaying the images. Also go to Internet Options > Advanced tab, in the Settings under Multimedia, make sure if you have selected the "Show Pictures" option.
Try to use absolute URL path.
Check if this is the issue about the certificate of IE.
Click F12, change mode to IE previous mode such as IE 9 and have a test.
Try to run in safe mode and check if it works.

You can also refer to below article:
https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/ie/forum/ie10-windows_7/no-pictures-but-black-box-with-white-x/8de720e9-bfda-4751-a3ce-dc45a47068f7


How can I cache reverse-geocode results?

Question: I'm implementing an Android application that needs to do some reverse-geocoding to resolve a geocoordinate to a city. What is the best way to cache this information on the smartphone so that I don't have to always call an online server to perform this reverse-geocoding?
Comment: This is more a Stack Overflow Exchange Question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12746269/how-to-implement-caching-in-android-app-for-rest-api-results
Comment: No. That question pertains to caching online calls. I'm talking about caching reverse-geocoding data. For example, how can I know that I can re-use the same reverse-geocoded region?
Answer: I was looking for an answer to that as well. So far what I think the best course is, to use android storage(shared preferences or disk cache) and store locations by north east and south west bounds coordinates(returned by the geocoder) and before using the geocoder by that device again, we check if the current coordinates are within the parameters of the stored bounds, and we return the results natively if possible. Given the limitations on the use of the geocoder, try to make the most of the information you get...
Answer: I was working on a solution to this problem myself, maybe this is of any use:
reverse geocoder cache
This cache uses dynamically sized tiles which hold the cached information. So if you wanted to cache the results of the google places API, you would set the tile-size to maybe 10 meters (like the length of a house). In case you were caching timezone-ids, a larger tile-size might suffice.
In case two latitude-longitude-combinations fall into the same tile, they would both yield the same cached result (which is what we want in order to reduce the number of requests made to the google API). Carefully choosing the tile-size is key for the cache to work correctly for a given task.


What's the definition of the width of a circuit

Question: We consider the size and depth of a circuit under most situations, but recently I read some papers which consider the "width" of a circuit, so I wonder what's the definition of the width of a circuit? I have searched some definitions but they doesn't seem to be well-defined, can you provide a link or a formal definition of the width for a circuit (you can take Yao's garbled circuits as an example)?
Answer: The width of a circuit is in some sense related to concept of circuit depth which you appear to already be familiar with. To understand these concepts it is very helpful to think about the graphic representation of circuits in the form of circuit diagrams. I drew an example of such a diagram here:

The depth of a circuit is loosely speaking the number of layers we can partition the circuit into so all gates in layer $i$ can be evaluated if we have the output of all gates in layers $0,\ldots,i-1$. The diagram above is a circuit with three layers, i.e., the circuit has depth three.
On the other hand, the width of the circuit is then the number of gates in the layer with the most gates. So in the example diagram the width is also three because the top layer has three gates.
In the field of secure computation (including Yao circuits) the width of the circuit is typically interesting because it says something about how parallelizable the evaluation of a circuit is. I.e., circuits with wide layers parallelize better.
Comment: I just noticed the top three arrows of the diagram does not really make sense as the gates should take two inputs each. However, just ignore them at it should be fine :).
Answer: From Adaptively Secure Garbled Circuits from One-Way Functions:

Note that, if we think of the circuit as representing a Turing Machine or RAM computation, then the width w of the circuit corresponds to the maximum of the input size n, output size m, and space complexity s of the computation.

The space complexity indicates how much space (memory, usually main memory, thus RAM) is required to be able to execute the algorithm and includes the size of the input.
Basically the with is the maximum size of the state of an algorithm, where the first state is the input and the final state is the output of the algorithm.
Usually these kind of measurements are represented by the number of bits or bytes, but it could also be used with other units such as blocks.
Comment: Note that'you'd probably only consider the smallest amount memory necessary to represent the maximum state (as you'd be able to represent the state with any amount of memory the same size or higher)  :)
Comment: Thanks @Maarten! Actually my question was arised from this paper, now I think it is more convenient for me to consider the width of a circuit using the decomposable circuit.


Is the parameter of interest uniformly distributed over the confidence interval?

Question: Let's assume that we are estimating a parameter of the population (e.g., mean height or weight). We've gathered our sample and calculated confidence intervals around the parameter of interest. Are we, therefore, assuming that this parameter follows uniform distribution over the confidence interval? In simple terms, is the parameter equally probable to be anywhere within this confidence interval?
Comment: Q is addressed pretty directly here https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-015-0947-8 short answer is definitely 'no', long answer is really interesting :-)
Comment: There are so many posts about confidence intervals on Cross Validated and yet somehow it's hard to find good references and there is no wiki. Perhaps start [here](https://stats.stackexchange.com/q/520577/237901) and [here](https://stats.stackexchange.com/q/18215/237901) to learn more about what confidence intervals are.
Answer: Because you are asking about confidence intervals,
I will assume these are frequentist interval estimates.
A 90% t CI, based on the sample mean $\bar X$ and the sample
standard deviation $S$ is of the form
$$\bar X \pm t^*S/\sqrt{n},$$ where $t^*$ cuts probability $0.05$ from the upper tail of Student's t distribution with $n - 1$ degrees of freedom.
The analogous probability statement is
$$P\left(-t^* < \frac{\bar X - \mu}{S/\sqrt{n}} < t^*\right) = 0.9,$$
in which probability is not uniformly distributed in $(-t^*,t^*).$
Consequently, you cannot get a 45% CI just by making
that interval half as long: $(-0.5t^*, 0.5t^*).$
In order to get a 45% CI, you would need to cut probability
$0.275$ from each tail of $\mathsf{T}(\nu=99).$
Suppose you have the fictitious sample below, of size $n = 100$ from
a normal population with unknown mean $\mu$ and $\sigma,$
Then a 90% CI for $\mu$ would be $(59.79, 62.16)$
and a 45% CI would be $(60.54, 61.40),$ as computed using R below.
set.seed(2022)
x = rnorm(100, 60, 7)

CI.90= mean(x) + qt(c(.05,.95),99)*sd(x)/10; CI.90
[1] 59.78559 62.15685

CI.45= mean(x) + qt(c(.275,.725),99)*sd(x)/10; CI.45
[1] 60.54292 61.39953

An alternative way to get the 45% CI, would be to use the confidence
interval from the t.test procedure in R.
t.test(x, conf.lev=.45)$conf.int
[1] 60.54292 61.39953
attr(,"conf.level")
[1] 0.45

An incorrect interval $(60.38, 61.56)$ that simply makes CI.90half as
long, would not be a true 45% CI for $\mu.$
CI.u= mean(x) + .5*qt(c(.05,.95),99)*sd(x)/10; CI.u
[1] 60.37841 61.56404

Comment: Treating parameter $\mu$ as a random variable would make this a Bayesian problem. If it's a Bayesian problem then you need to refer to _credible intervals_ or _Bayesian posterior interval estimates._ It might be possible to use a nearly uniform prior distribution, but with a reasonable amount of data, the posterior distribution would rarely be uniform. // In my frequentist approach, the distribution on interval $(-t^*, t^*)$ is a t distribution with heavier density near the center than at the endpoints.
Comment: I understand the experiment in R you provided to prove the concept. However, I have two questions:
1. We treat the population parameter, μ, as a r.v. Is that even ok?
2. If μ doesn't follow uniform distribution over the CI, then μ is probably more likely to be in the center of our CI rather than on the edges. That's a layman's intuition. Is it ok?
Answer: If you are referring to frequentist statistics, in that case, when you repeat an experiment, and construct the 68% confidence level confidence interval each time, then 68% of those intervals should contain the true value.  The true parameter is fixed, and does not follow a distribution - the confidence intervals do.
If you are referring to Bayesian statistics and credible intervals, then the posterior distribution of the parameter depends on the prior and on the likelihood.
Comment: In the OP, the sample has already been gathered, so the ci is fixed.


My 2004 Chevy trailblazer won't accelerate or just got maybe 5-10

Question: I'm trying to figure out why my truck driver won't move. If I leave it off and turn it on it goes maybe 5-10 mph and then just completely stops moving and you can just hear it revving. Can someone help me come up with possible answers, I'm thinking I have a clog but not sure.
Comment: Which model of TB is this (plain TB or TBSS)? Have you checked your transmission fluid? Is there enough in it? What color is it? How does it smell?
Comment: I have the plain TB. I have enough transmission fluid, its like blackish red, you can kind of see the red if it runs down something white,an has like a burnt rubber kind of smell to it
Comment: OP, looks like it's been a few months since you posted...what was the outcome?
Answer: You can try and get the transmission flushed and might get a few more thousand miles out of it, but from the sounds of it, your tranny is toast. It will either need a rebuild or a swapped out for a new/rebuilt one.
What is happening is the soft parts of the transmission (bands/clutches) are worn out. They no longer have any grip to give you the momentum. You trying to drive it is only causing more damage. If you do it too much, you'll cause hard parts to fail, which will make the repair bill that much more expensive. Get it towed to a repair shop and have them diagnose/repair the transmission. It's about your safest bet at this point.


Why we can wake Arduino Uno from sleep using only pin 2?

Question: Can we use other pin as an interrupt to wake Arduino Uno from sleep ?
Answer: It's not just Pin 2 that can wake from sleep. Depending on which sleep mode you are in different interrupts (both internal and external) can wake the chip up.
The datasheet contains this helpful table:

The external interrupts (pins 2 and 3 on the Uno, and only "Level" trigger mode), pin change interrupts, I2C address matching, and the watchdog are the only interrupts that can wake the chip from any sleep mode. Other interrupts only work in certain sleep modes since they require parts of the chip to still be running in order for the interrupt to fire.
So that means that yes you can use any pin you like (using the "Pin Change" Interrupts) to wake the chip.
Comment: Thank you Majenko for your answer. Actually, in my project, I'm using the EnableInterrupt library (https://github.com/GreyGnome/EnableInterrupt) which enable to extend the interrupt functionality to multiple pins in the Uno, do you think that this will help to use other pins in the Uno to wake up using interrupts ?
Comment: That is just a fancy wrapper for the Pin Change interrupts, so yes, it will wake the chip.
Answer: I think you also can use pin 3 (INT1), see link
There are two interrupts:

INT0, pin 2
INT1, pin 3

According to the link (among other techniques), an external interrupt can be used, so both INT0 and INT1 should be valid.


Coin toss strategy

Question: If we a sequence of 5 heads or 5 tails was unlikely, and given a strategy to wait for a sequence of 4 (e.g., 4H), and then bet on the opposite outcome on the 5th flip (e.g., T), is this a flawed strategy and why?
Answer: The strategy you suggest is a poor prediction strategy that is rooted in the gambler's fallacy.  It is generally based on the notion that coin flips must "even out" over some finite time horizon, and so after a long run of one outcome, the other outcome is "due".  This is a misunderstanding of the statistical law-of-large-numbers.
Luckily for you, the problem of predicting coin tosses falls within the subject of binary prediction, which has been studied extensively in probability and statistics.  Coin tosses can reasonably be regarded as an exchangeable sequence of binary outcomes, and in the special case where you have a fair coin (i.e., the long-run proportion of head and tails in the sequence are equal), the tosses are then independent with equal probability of heads or tails on each flip.  In this case the chances of a tail are no higher after a run of heads than at any other time and so your prediction strategy is no better (or worse) than any other prediction method.
In the more general case where the coin might be unfair (i.e., it might have different long-run proportions of heads and tails), the outcomes are generally positively correlated (see O'Neill 2012).  It turns out that betting on an outcome because it has not come up very often is the worst possible strategy in these cases.  In the event that the coin is biased towards one of the faces, the observed outcomes of flips will give you information on the direction of the bias.  Using a Bayesian analysis, O'Neill and Puza (2005) have proved that if there is some non-zero probability of bias in the coin, and the direction of bias is unknown,$^\dagger$ then the posterior probability of an outcome is higher for the outcome that has already been observed the most.  This implies that the optimal prediction method is to choose the outcome that has been observed most (the frequent-outcome approach).  Later papers on this topic have proven that the probability of correct prediction under this prediction method converges to the maximum of the proportions of the different outcomes (see O'Neill 2012), which is the probability of correct prediction that would prevail if you were able to make predictions with perfect knowledge of the level of bias in the coin.
So, in summary, betting on an outcome because it has come up less often than the other outcome is the worst possible strategy under reasonably assumptions about the random mechanism.  By choosing the outcome that has come up least, you are choosing the outcome that is most likely to have bias against it, if the coin happens to be biased.  In the long-run this strategy will perform worse than every other non-equivalent strategy.

$^\dagger$ Represented as a symmetric prior density for the true long-run proportion of heads/tails.
Answer: If (1) the coin is fair, i.e., chance of H and T are the same, (2) the previous results has no effect on future ones, then chance of H and T are still 50% at the fifth flip. So switch or not switch does not matter.

Coin toss strategy


my phone is not booting or cant access to recoverymode

Question: I tried to root myGT- i8262 with many apps but it didnt worked and i tried using Odin,after i added TWRP it showed pass in odin window and when my phone was booting it showed a yellow triangle with an exclamation mark,so retried the procedure about 3-4 times and still it was not gone and i couldnt enter my recovery mode,and after searching internet i saw to recover from soft brick use recovery.tar using odin,i done that also and bow my phone doesnt starts ,when i hold the power button it showa samsung name with yellow triangle and screen turns off.please help me.
Comment: I know it happened to me
Answer:
Download and install SamsungUSB drivers, if not already present.
Download and extract Odin zip file.
Download and extract ROMfile. You will either get multiple .tar.md5
or .tar files. Launch Odin Odin3 v3.07.exe asAdministrator.
Click on PDA button and browse file with PDA in its name (if there
is only one .tar/tar.md5 file then it is PDA).Click on Phone
buttonand browse file withMODEM in its name (Ignore if not
present).Click on CSC button and browse file with CSC in its name
(Ignore if not present).Click on BootLoader button and browse file
with BOOT in its name (Ignore if not present).
Make sure that only Auto Reboot and F. Reset time arechecked. Also
make sure thatRe-partition check box is unchecked.
Switch off and power your device into Downloading modeby pressing
and holdingVolume Down + Home + Power button and releasing only when
you see a Warning! screen. Then press Volume up button to finally
entering in downloading mode.
Plug in your device into PC using USB cable. If Odin detects your
device the ID:COM box will turn into light blue or green. If not,
then try reinstalling your device drivers or plug it into a
different USB port.
Once every step mentioned above is successfully completed,
press Start to begin the flashing procedure. DON'T TRY TO INTERRUPT
FLASHING PROCEDURE ANYHOW OTHERWISE YOUR DEVICE WILL BE HARD
BRICKED.  Flashing process takes time, so be patient.
Once flashing process is successfully completed, Odin will
show PASS. Your device will reboot to 4.1.2, first boot is always
very long so have patience.


What uses are there for multiple UV maps on a model?

Question: I'm trying to think of some reasons why there might be more than one UV map on a mesh. Usually I just unwrap the model, and the same UV map works for both the diffuse color texture, the bump map texture, and any other textures I chose to add. Are there any examples of when a model might need more than one UV map?
Answer: One example is for light maps. Usually texture space is maximized by overlapping faces which have the same diffuse texture, like the six sides of a crate. With light mapping this would mean that all six sides get the same light and shadow, not to mention it would almost assuredly confuse the light mapper because it can't tell which point in space it should be sampling light from. Obviously this is not what you want so a second set of UV coordinates is used for the light map which do not overlap.
Comment: Lightmaps are what I came here to point out. There are a few other more esoteric uses of multiple UVs that I've seen, but lightmaps are far and away the most common use. A distant second may be terrain splatting, while everything else would be the long tail.


Is it legal to add Overlay maps to Apple MapKit framework?

Question: Since iOS 6.0 uses Apple Map,I would like to add Google Map as Overlay by using TileOverlay.Is there any possibility that App store rejects the application ? Can I directly adapt Overlays to mapkit without significant change in my existing code? what about adding Annotations to Overlay Maps?
Answer: Now Google Map release the new Google Maps SDK for iOS allows users to view and interact with a Google map in your iOS app. Let's check it out : a link here! Cheers
Comment: Its not yet open for public.
Answer: Why not using Googles new maps SDK for iOS?
Comment: Its not yet open for public.


Can IE8 play video without Flash

Question: Basic question really. Is the only option of playing video in IE8 to use Flash, even as a fallback with the HTML5 video for everyone code?
Comment: Thanks Spudely. Corporate client, crappy old browsers, not allowed plug-ins. Oh well ;)
Answer: In short, yes, that's the only real option.
Okay, there are other plugins that could do it, like Silverlight, but the net effect is the same. And yes, as there are polyfill scripts that attempt to make the browser work with standard HTML5 code, but they're still using flash behind the scenes.
Bottom line is that IE8 does not have native video playing capabilities.

Can IE8 play video without Flash


Different scales on multiple purchased models and mixamo/fuse models

Question: I purchased a classroom scene online (.obj file), and imported it into blender. At first it appeared nothing was there, but apparently it's just insanely small and no where near the default center point/grid. Once I realized this I was able to locate the classroom and work with all the objects in the room as normal. However, now I want to import a character from mixamo and adobe fuse (.fbx file). When I import the .fbx, it works, but it appears at the default center of the grid like most imported objects normally would.. This means the character is MUCH larger than the classroom. It also means that the classroom is extremely far away from my character at the center of the default grid. Is there a way for me to import my character into my classroom directly (where it is currently located), and at a smaller size automatically?...
Answer: If you are using rigs and are not the rigger, restrain from scaling them. Some rigs work with absolute values and would not be functional at a different scale.
Scale up and move your static meshes (classroom). This can only be done after importing the .obj file into Blender.


Guest user randomly created on my Mac, after setting up Find My Mac

Question: How do I disable the guest user? Is there a reason why it gets created? It won't mess up any of my files or data on my computer right? Is find my Mac suppose to randomly create it?
Comment: The creation is not random, it's intentional. You choose whether or not to enable it in sys prefs/user accounts
Answer: With Find My Mac enabled, someone who found the computer could sign into the guest user, which could then be located via iCloud. The guest user is a feature of the operating system which allows people to temporarily use your computer but not save any files.
You can go into Users&Groups System Preferences and disable it, for more details see this article
Just make sure you don't sign into it and expect files you save to still be there after restarting the computer :)


Numbers fill color

Question: In Numbers is there a way to set a fill color to repeatedly select for random cells, such as in Excel? I am not looking for a conditional formatting.  I would like to color fill any cell I choose without having to go into the cell fill option and re-select the color for each individual cell.
Comment: As in copying and pasting format?
Comment: I just want to be able to "save" and re-use a fill color repeatedly without having to re-select the color every time I want to fill a particular cell.  In Excel you can select a color that shows in the tool bar to be used repeatedly until you select a different color or no-fill.
Comment: Assuming Numbers for macOS not iOS? What version?  Although what you want may or may not be possible, this information is helpful for those helping to find a solution.
Comment: Numbers version 4.3.1 for macOS.
Answer: Although Numbers handles formatting differently from Excel, it is possible to apply the cell style to additional cells without going back to the color picker.  Note that this applies all styles from the original cell.  This method pastes only the styling not the data. It will have no affect on the actual data in the cell.
Apply your selected color to a cell.  If there is other formatting you wish to apply and repeat, do so.  (Bold text, borders etc)

Select the formatted cell and then copy the format [Format > Copy Style] or ⌥⌘C
Select the cell(s) you wish to apply the formatting to then paste the formatting [Format > Paste Style] ⌥⌘V

Alternatively, one can add buttons to the toolbar as well.
Comment: I'm confused...I have existing data in cells which needs to remain, so how do I copy/paste only the color, not the cell contents?  Duh - I think I just figured it out - thanks for your help!
Comment: Yes, this does not paste the contents. Only the formatting.

Numbers fill color


Physical reasons for metric definition in special relativity

Question: I am working through "General Relativity" by Wald, and am currently going through the brief section on Special Relativity. The spacetime metric is defined as $\eta_{ab} = \sum\limits_{\mu, \nu=0}^3 \eta_{\mu,\nu} (dx^\mu)_a(dx^\nu)_b$ where $\eta_{\mu, \nu} = \mathrm{diag}(-1,1,1,1)$. My question is, what is the physical motivation for this? The last three terms in the summation I understand - they give the physical distance between two events. But what about the negative sign infront of the "time term"?
Comment: Nothing stops you from making the temporal coefficient positive and the spatial coefficients negative. I think MTW has a table enumerating which textbooks that came before it use which notation. If you don't understand why there have to be two different signs, then you may want to go back one step and study special relativity some more.
Answer: The metric is usually defined this way because of the speed limit (c).
Imagine that: If you are centered at the origin of a coordinate frame (x,y,z) a emit a signal, this signal would never travel a distance bigger than the distance the light would travel. So,
$$ {|r|} ^{2} = {x}^{2} + {y}^{2} + {z}^{2}$$
And set it equal to the distance the light would travel (c²t²):
$$ {x}^{2} + {y}^{2} + {z}^{2} = {c}^{2}{t}^{2}$$
Now you can see that:
$${x}^{2} + {y}^{2} + {z}^{2} - {c}^{2}{t}^{2} = 0 $$
Work theese expressions for infinetesimal intervals to see it straight. ${ds}^{2}$ must have this signature...
Comment: @CuriousOne you are right, I'm trying to say that C is constant. But in S.R. c is the speed limit which information can travel through space. Only massless particles could travel at c.
Comment: Not trying to be anal, but relativity doesn't say that the speed of light is a speed "limit", it says that the speed of light is constant in all inertial systems (which I believe is what you are trying to say here).
Comment: There is a not so subtle difference between the two statements. You could have a speed limit in the universe (see e.g. optical phonon dispersion) without the speed of light being _exactly_ the same in all inertial systems. The latter is a much stronger statement and, at the same time, it actually defeats the speed limit. The eigentime difference between any two points in the universe for the connecting traveler can be made as small as you wish, i.e. there is no real speed limit. What is limited is the possibility to visit another space and then return into one's original timeline.
Comment: @CuriousOne , I got it. But do you agree that c is constant and we can't have information traveling through space-time at a speed greater than c, ok?
Comment: @CuriousOne I understood what you tried to say, it's just _my_ wrong way of explaining things. Your correction is welcome.


How do I get Fiddler to stop ignoring traffic to localhost?

Question: When using Fiddler to monitor HTTP Requests & Responses in Internet Explorer it ignores all traffic directed to http://localhost.
Comment: I think this is only a problem in IE < 9, right?
Comment: Hum... my localhost traffic is not ignored by defaults and i test it with IE 11 too.
Comment: I also had to switch from IIS to IIS Express
Comment: Fiddler used to be this great tool, but now it's just a configuration nightmare.
Answer: To get Fiddler to capture traffic when you are debugging on local host, after you hit F5 to begin degugging change the address so that localhost has a "." after it.
For instance, you start debugging and the you have the following URL in the Address bar:
http://localhost:49573/Default.aspx
Change it to:
http://localhost.:49573/Default.aspx
Hit enter and Fidder will start picking up your traffic.
Comment: WebAPI does not work with localhost. it says Bad Request - Invalid Hostname
Comment: that works for cassini.. not iis which you need to use if you are connecting to a site or service on SSL...
Comment: Sweetness. So simple and effective.
Comment: Didn't work for me using cygwin and curl with the following command:
curl -X POST -H "application/json" -d '{"name":{"firstName":"eli", "lastName":"kool"}}' localhost.:61444/Inbound/Catch
Comment: Nice! Worked perfectly - can't get any simpler.
Answer: Fiddler's website addresses this question directly.
There are several suggested workarounds, but the most straightforward is simply to use the machine name rather than "localhost" or "127.0.0.1":
http://machinename/mytestpage.aspx

Comment: `localhost.` and `machinename` is rejected in my case.
Comment: @JoshMouch Because some webservers reject `localhost.` as an invalid hostname.
Comment: As noted, "localhost." doesn't work on many APIs (or 127.0.0.1). I used the "http://localhost.fiddler" modification which worked perfectly for me.
Comment: MachineName is preferred for my some cases, 127.0.0.1 can be refused by IIS
Comment: Not sure why Fiddler's website does not suggest the "adding a period after localhost" suggestion, which I think is the best one.  This is especially true in some server environments I work in where localhost is the only thing I can use (due to ActiveX controls, permissions, and whatnot).
Answer: Fiddler v126.96.36.199 will allow you to go to replace "localhost" with "localhost.fiddler", and present localhost as the host name for the receiving server running on your machine.
This avoids "host not recognised" errors when connecting to WCF services with the built in web server that visual studio uses.
i.e. Instead of
    http://localhost:51900/service.wcf you can use http://localhost.fiddler:51900/service.wcf
Comment: WORKS PERFECTLY!.. Due to my work's network configuration none of the other suggestions worked. This is the only trick that worked for me.
Comment: @Zorthgo Good to hear. :)
Answer: The correct answer is that it's not that Fiddler ignores traffic targeted at Localhost, but rather that most applications are hardcoded to bypass proxies (of which Fiddler is one) for requests targeted to localhost.
Hence, the various workarounds available: http://fiddler2.com/documentation/Configure-Fiddler/Tasks/MonitorLocalTraffic
Comment: as of April 2013: http://fiddler2.com/documentation/Configure-Fiddler/Tasks/MonitorLocalTraffic p.s. thanks for the awesome tool Eric.
Comment: The adding-a-period-to-the-end-of-localhost is the best trick, and fiddler's site doesn't mention that one.
Comment: Tried the other various solutions on this page: Adding a period, changing the hostname from 'localhost" to my machine name.  Neither worked.  Replacing "localhost" with "ipv4.fiddler", mentioned in the workarounds document, worked.
Comment: In situations where the address is encoded in the project files that sit in a source code library, distributed to all devs (think Mercurial/Git) in a team, or that all dev's don't actually have fiddler these solutions are unrealistic and cause more problems than they solve. What is needed is a way for fiddler to operate that is outside of a project and therefore have zero impact on taht project or its configuration.
Comment: True in my case. I sent a SOAP HTTP request using SOAP-UI, Fiddler 4 wasn't getting it. Then I sent the same HTTP request using POSTMAN and successfully got it
Answer: Internet Explorer has a new feature since IE9 RC: adding <-loopback> to the proxy bypass list causes WinInet (the network library used by IE) to send requests destined for localhost and 127.0.0.1 through the defined proxy.
Here's the original announcement by @EricLaw: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/fiddler/archive/2011/02/10/fiddler-is-better-with-internet-explorer-9.aspx
Answer: For Fiddler to capture traffic from localhost on local IIS, there are 3 steps (It worked on my computer):

Click Tools > Fiddler Options. Ensure Allow remote clients to connect is checked. Close Fiddler.

Create a new DWORD named ReverseProxyForPort inside KEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Fiddler2.
Set the DWORD to port 80 (choose decimal here). Restart Fiddler.

Add port 8888 to the addresses defined in your client. For example         localhost:8888/MyService/WebAPI/v1/
Comment: Yes, this settings makes the fiddler running as reverse proxy, such that it forwards inbound requests to a different port. In this example it forwards requests made to port 8888 to 80.
Comment: The most complex to me was to fully ignore localhost and send all the other traffic to being processed by fiddler. You must bypass localhost, BUT also, exclude it withing your functions. (you can try with hide 304 rule for testing purpose.). So i ended excluding it the following way `if ((m_EnableProxy) &&  !(oSession.host =="127.0.0.1" || oSession.host =="localhost" || oSession.host =="ipv4.fiddler")) {
            oSession["X-OverrideGateway"] = "socks=127.0.0.1:8080";
            oSession["ui-backcolor"] = "#EFEF9F";
     }`. This function should be onBeforeRequest.
Answer: Using Fiddler v4.6 and the default configuration could not see any traffic from 'localhost'. Tried many suggestions here but nothing worked.
Enabled Help -> Troubleshot and could see many more requests. Sessions were marked in a strike-through font and reason given was 'Hidden due to Status Bar> Process Filter.'
Found this reply from Eric Lawrence to person having same problem
http://www.telerik.com/forums/fiddler-not-capturing-ios-traffic-even-though-echo-service-works
basically what to do is:  Look at the Status Bar across the bottom of the Fiddler window, the second little "tray" in that bar probably says something like "Web Browsers." Click that and then change to "All Processes."
Answer: You can use http://ipv4.fiddler or http://ipv6.fiddler instead of localhost
Answer: Don't use localhost in the url!

http://localhost:4200/myTestProject

Use like this:

http://MyMachineName:4200/myTestProject
http://ipv4.fiddler:4200/myTestProject

=>=> Click here for further information <=<=
Answer: make sure Monitor all connections is ticked.
it does not work for me
maybe port is diffren
i need  yo see httprequest to my site from gmail
my site is on win xp and iis5(my own machine)
Answer: Use your local IP address (not 127.0.0.1) instead would work, such as 220.127.116.11 etc. Go to cmd.exe and type ipconfig and you will see it.
Comment: It doesn't work. It seems you can't connect to your own IP address locally
Answer: Windows XP:
Be sure to set to click the settings button for each of the items in the "Dial-up and Virtual Private Network settings" listbox in the "Connections" tab of the "Internet Options" control panel applet.
I noticed that Fiddler would stop using the "LAN settings" configuration once I connected to my VPN.  Even if the traffic wasn't going through the VPN.
Answer:
Type ipconfig at the commmand prompt.
It will give you your IPv4 Address
Replace localhost with your IPv4 Address in the Url when hitting the service.

The traffic will show up in Fiddler under your computer's IP address.
Answer: Unfortunately none of the suggestions were helpful
Only complete exclusion of localhost from monitoring with following setting:
Open View Menu
  > Preferences
    > Connections
      > Bypass Fiddler for URLs that start with:
        > localhost;127.0.0.1

Comment: Unfortunately that stopped working too. The official guide is useless https://docs.telerik.com/fiddler-everywhere/knowledge-base/capturing-localhost-traffic unless it's for http only. In my case I need to serve over https
Answer: I had same issue. I could make it filter calls from localhost when I disabled first 2 options and put 'localhost' in 'Show only if URL contains'
Answer: Go to Tools, Fiddler Options ..., select the Connections tab, then make sure Monitor all connections is ticked. Like Antony Scott said, but also make sure that the "Web Sessions" pane is set to "Capturing" and [ "Web Browsers" OR "All Processes" ].  Looks like the default is "Non-Browser".


Fluid-dynamics question: proper term

Question: I am looking for the term used to describe a situation I've encountered. I'll use a standard hydraulic cartridge that you'd use to keep a door shut as an example, except this one can be locked out with a rotary valve. How would you refer to the valve being pushed open by pressure or load? If under pressure, the valve is unable to close until pressure is relieved. Is there a term for this? I thought it may have been "Jetting", but that doesn't exactly describe this situation.
Answer: pressure relief valve - limits or controls the pressure to the set limit.
At least based on your description...

Fluid-dynamics question: proper term


how to get all products from a category which have this attribute?

Question: I have spent two days in this problem: I can´t find the right solution for getting all products which are related to a specified category and which have the searched attribute.
In my special case: We got a selector for printer colors in three steps:
1. Choose the printer brand
2. Choose the device type (laser printer, inject printer, etc.)
3. Choose the modell type
The related printer colors should be shown now. So I need to find out which they are.
I tried like this:
<code>Mage::app()->setCurrentStore(Mage_Core_Model_App::ADMIN_STORE_ID);
$category = Mage::getModel('catalog/category')->load(1274);
$prodCollection = Mage::getResourceModel('catalog/product_collection')->addCategoryFilter($category);
$prodCollection->addAttributeToSelect('printercolor');
$prodCollection->addAttributeToFilter('printercolor', array('eq' => $currentPrinterDescription);
</code>
In the two days I have many alternative solutions for doing this, but none of them worked as accepted.
Hope you guys can help me.
Edit: I solved it myself. My code looks now like this:
<code>$category = Mage::getModel('catalog/category')->load($categoryId);
$prodCollection = $category->getProductCollection()->addAttributeToSelect('my_attribute');
foreach ($prodCollection as $prodAttr)
{
    $var = explode(',', $prodAttr->getData('my_attribute'));
    if ($attr = $prodAttr->getResource()->getAttribute('my_attribute'))
    {
          $af = $attr->getFrontend();
          $selectedOptions = $af->getSelectOptions();
                  foreach ($selectedOptions as $s)
                  {
                        $products[] = trim($s['label']);
                        // ...
                  }
    }
}
// ...
</code>
Answer: Since multiselects are stored as comma separated values you can probably use a like on it.
<code>$prodCollection->addAttributeToFilter('printercolor', array(
   array($currentPrinterDescription),
   array('like'=>'%,'.$currentPrinterDescription),
   array('like'=>$currentPrinterDescription.',%'),
   array('like'=>'%,'.$currentPrinterDescription.',%'),
));
</code>


How do I fix enourmous CPU usage & temperature on MacBook Air when trying to install Wine?

Question: I have a 2012 MacBook Air Intel Core i5 8 GB memory (Mountain Lion).  I am trying to install Wine through MacPorts, but after about a minute of building Wine, CPU usage rapidly rises into the 90s, and the temperature goes from 60 degrees Celcius to 90-95 very quickly.  Both the CPU usage and the temperature continue rising until I shut down my MacBook. The fan becomes very loud and occasionally makes screeching sounds.  I have tried several times and reinstalled MacPorts but to no avail.  What can I do to fix this? Any help is greatly appreciated.
Comment: Compiling is CPU intensive.so CPU use goes up to 100% and increases the temp and so fans come on. This is all as designed - What are you trying to change?
Answer: The current lineup runs CPU up to 100 C. Is is normal, so you might be able to get something ike SMC fan control to ramp up the fans earlier, but since the CPU clock rate can over heat the blowers, you might not be able to do anything short of externally cooling the case significantly.
Both the clock rate and fans work in conjunction, so upping the fans in turn lowers the clock rate restriction - canceling your efforts to alter the designed behavior.
Answer: I have had increasing problems with CPU and temps, to the point where my mid 2012 macbook air would take 10 minutes to come back from sleep.  I finally opened up the computer, and replaced the thermal paste on the cpu.  I found that about 30% of the cpu surface was lacking paste at all, and the rest was dried and caked.  After cleaning and replacing with Arctic Silver 5, my temps run in the 60's for the most part, and under high load, go into the 90's, but not the 100's like before.  In addition, my system comes back from sleep very quickly - though the cpu goes to 100% and the temps rise rapidly to the high 90's before settling down again.  I would recommend this fix for anyone with temperature problems.


Component Solutions of Diffusion Equation with zero flux at boundaries

Question: I am looking at the reaction of A and B, which react instantaneously and irreversibly (acid and base for example).  Hence this is just a diffusion or Fick's law problem.
$$\frac{\partial c}{\partial t} = D\frac{\partial ^2 c}{\partial x^2}$$
where $c(x,t)=c_A(x,t)-c_B(x,t).$
The model is a slab of A, with fixed initial thickness of $\delta$, immediately adjacent to a slab of B, with fixed initial thickness of $\delta$. The domain for both slabs is $-\delta$ to $+\delta$. The following are the boundary conditions:
at $t > 0$ and $x = -\delta$:
$$\frac{\partial c_A}{\partial x} = 0$$
or in terms of the defined variable c,
$$\frac{\partial c}{\partial x} = 0$$
at $t > 0$ and $x = +\delta$:
$$\frac{\partial c_B}{\partial x} = 0$$
or in terms of the defined variable c,
$$\frac{\partial c}{\partial x} = 0$$
The initial conditions at $t = 0$ are:
$$c(x,0)=c_{A_0} \hspace{1cm}  for -\delta\leq x<0$$
$$c(x,0)=-c_{B_0} \hspace{1cm}  for\hspace{.2cm}  0< x\leq+\delta$$
Assuming that the diffusion coefficient ($D$) for A equals the diffusion coefficient for B and by defining a single variable $c(x,t)$, a single domain is created and the solution via separation of variables is  (thanks to Ricardo Cavalcanti):
$$c(x,t)= A_0 +\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}A_n\exp\left(-\frac{Dn^2\pi^2t}{4\delta^2}\right)\cos\left[\frac{n\pi}{2\delta}(x+\delta)\right]$$
The coefficients are:
$$A_0  = \frac{c_{Ao} -c_{Bo}}{2}$$
$$A_n=\frac{2}{n\pi}(c_{Ao}+c_{Bo})\sin\left(\frac{n\pi}{2}\right)$$
This solution is for $c$ where $c(x,t)=c_A(x,t)-c_B(x,t)$.  How would I explicitly solve for the variables $c_A$ and $c_B$?
I've attached a chart of what the concentration profiles look like for this solution.  In this chart $c_{Ao}  > c_{Bo}$ and A starts in the left slab.  As A moves into slab B the A domain increases (A and B cannot coexist). The edge of that domain is where $c(x,t)$ is equal to zero.  This is a moving boundary problem.

P.S.  Sorry for the figure showing up twice. I don't know why that is happening. I have tried to fix it, but to no avail.
Answer: PRACTICAL ANSWER
Since A and B cannot coexist and since $c(x,t) = c_A(x,t) - c_B(x,t)$, then when $c(x,t) > 0$ that means that $c_A(x,t) = c(x,t)$ and $c_B(x,t) = 0$.  When $c(x,t) < 0$, then $c_B(x,t) =c(x,t)$ and $c_A(x,t) = 0$.
Is simply taking the solution given in the original post and applying the caveats in the paragraph immediately above this one a sufficient mathematical solution??


Joomla Datepicker - Hiding Future date

Question: I need to disable future dates for my end date in joomla.
<code><?php echo JHTML::calendar('','enddate','enddate','%Y-%m-%d'); ?>
</code>
Any idea...

"Need to hide future dates"
Answer: It is not possible using the Calendar field.
http://docs.joomla.org/Calendar_form_field_type
Even if it was possible, users could easily manually type in a date in the future in the field as the calendar pop-up simply fills out a text field that is then submitted with the rest of the form. Even if that was locked people could easily hack it using Firebug or similar.
I think the correct implementation is to validate the selected date after entering and throw an error if it is in the future and then do something similar in PHP to avoid users manipulating the submitted data.

Joomla Datepicker - Hiding Future date


Sentiment Analysis using NLTK

Question: If you were to do sentiment analysis on reviews text using NLTK in python what would be the high level steps to be followed. There are so many terms in NLTK like stemming, parts of speech to name a few, but I would like to know a high level approach for processing text.
Comment: You are basically asking someone to summarize techniques from an active area of research in NLP in a stackoverflow post. Your best bet is to check google scholar for the relevant literature and see if it meets your needs. If you have access to ACM here is a start: http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2013/4/162501-techniques-and-applications-for-sentiment-analysis/fulltext
Comment: NLTK tutorial: https://github.com/hb20007/hands-on-nltk-tutorial
Answer: At a high level here are the "standard" steps to doing sentiment analysis (which is really just a form of text classification), and this is my opinion based on my experience, not exhaustive, but it will give you some buzzwords and a basic flow as a point of departure for deeper research:

Somehow you need to generate some labeled samples of text. This can be done by hand ( a spreadsheet with two columns, "LABEL' and "THE_TEXT" for instance. Samples can often be generated automatically, depending on your data. You'll usually need at least hundreds of samples per class label.
You will need to pick a "Feature extraction" or "Feature Engineering" method that makes sense for your data. A simple approach is to use a "Bag of words"...meaning just feed the training api the raw text. Typically you will soon see this is really not good enough, and you'll tinker with things like stemming, lemmatization, and NGrams in order to capture more context and get better natural groupings in your data. This part can get really complicated if you are working with multi language corpora.
Train the model. I'm not familiar with NLTK, but typically you pass in your text samples with labels, and the feature extraction is part of the training routine in general. At the end of this step, you will have a model in the form of a file, that you load into an instance of a classifier.
Use the classifier (which is using your shiny new model) to classify your data. Key here is you have to use the EXACT same feature extraction technique you used to train the model on your data at classification time or you will be comparing apples to oranges.
The classifier will likely return a distribution over whatever your categories are (the labels) with some kind of scores. You then use this data however you want. This can be powerful and exciting.

Hope this helps... text classification has many nuances, so each step above can mutate based on your data and what you're trying to get out of it.
Answer: To perform sentiment analysis on reviews text, any text for that matter, we need to extract the features first. It depends on the user to what level you need to extract the features.
Well-known model to achieve this is Bag of Words.
There are a few steps on the high-level of processing text.

Tokenizing: It is a process of shortening or splitting, an article into smaller forms, maybe smaller paragraphs or sentences or words or letters.
Ex: You look very happy. → ['You', 'look', 'very', 'happy']
Stop Words: The words that do not contribute to any information in the article are referred to as stop words. These are mostly prepositions, articles, conjunctions etc.,
Ex: Book is placed on the table. Stop Words = ['is', 'on', 'the']
Stemming: It is a process of stemming the words to their root forms by removing prefixes and suffixes.
Ex: slowly → slow

After processing your text through these methods you are good to calculate sentiment of the text. Although these are high-level and not exhaustive methods for processing text.
There are many resources available that might suggest you more methods in feature extraction NLP.

Sentiment Analysis using NLTK


How does the speed of light vary throughout a black hole?

Question: I surmise that there is no equation defining the speed of light, as there is with the speed of sound. Presumably, we assume that, at the event horizon, it falls to zero. What is its value at the centre of the hole?
Comment: We don't have a good understanding of what goes on beyond the event horizon. General relativity tries to explain the curvature of space time due to mass. This mathematical modelling could estimate the behavior of light due to its physical properties. But the key thing is, that space-time is curved so much beyond the event horizon of a black hole that light is unable to escape the gravitational acceleration towards the singularity. So as far as velocity is concerned; there are ways to estimate, but physically, we have no idea what really happens "at the center" of a BH.
Comment: Possible duplicates: http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/145110/2451 and links therein.
Answer: Although interesting and very important questions have been raised about exotic behavior at the event horizon using quantum mechanical arguments, at least classically, i.e., in General Relativity, nothing dramatic happens at the event horizon and nothing catastrophic happens to Physics unless at the center. It is well-established that in a purely classical perspective (which we know is not enough for a comprehensive study of BHs) we can certainly calculate the coordinate speed of light.
In a spacetime with a Schwarzschild BH, the famous Schwarzschild metric is written as
$d\tau^2$ $=$ $\bigg(1-\dfrac{2M}{r}\bigg)dt^2 - \dfrac{1}{\bigg(1-\dfrac{2M}
{r}\bigg)}dr^2 - r^2 d\Omega^2$
where symbols have the usual meaning and the non-rotating uncharged Schwarzschild BH is at $r=0$.
Now, we characterize a photon's motion by $d\tau^2=0$ assuming the validity of the Principle of Equivalence everywhere (at least everywhere except at the Singularity at $r=0$). Thus, the equation of motion of a photon becomes
$0$ $=$ $\bigg(1-\dfrac{2M}{r}\bigg)dt^2 - \dfrac{1}{\bigg(1-\dfrac{2M}
{r}\bigg)}dr^2 - r^2 d\Omega^2$
Therefore, the coordinate speed (the only meaningful concept of speed for a photon anyway) can be easily found using the above equation of motion. In the special case of radial motion (i.e., $d\Omega=0$), the coordinate speed can be expressed as
$\bigg|\dfrac{dr}{dt}\bigg| = \bigg|1-\dfrac{2M}{r}\bigg|$
This expression is well-behaved an equally valid both inside (except the Singularity) and outside the event horizon.
One peculiarity that I don't know the full resolution to (and thus, actually questions the credibility of my answer. In the case of my answer being beyond repair, feel free to delete it.) is that although mathematically there is no trouble in calculating this coordinate speed inside the event horizon, since the time coordinate is actually the time as displayed on a clock far apart from the BH, it is impossible for the person measuring the radial displacement inside the event horizon to keep track of the $t$ coordinate owing to his inability to send back signals to that far apart clock.
Comment: So speed (dr/dt) is zero at r=2M in plank units. I thought it might be interesting to footnote in SI.
I think it is
$\bigg|\dfrac{dr}{dt}\bigg| = c\bigg|1-\dfrac{2GM}{r}\bigg|$
  so
r=2GMc
Answer: Well, the best answers to this question have pretty much been covered in the answers to the question at How does light behave within a black hole's event horizon?
The straight answer to the question about the speed of light inside the horizon is simple: the coordinate velocity of light depends on the coordinate system. In the Kruskal-Szekeres coordinate system shown below (from the reference above) the speed is c, or 1 when we use units where c=1. And yes, you can get other answers for the coordinate speed of light, they are just coordinate-dependent and not invariant in any sense. In a local coordinate frame it is always c - locally light always travels at c. As Rennie shows mathematically  in his answer, even as a free falling observer gets close to the horizon from outside, the speed of light for him/her is still c.
The description below also tells you what happens to the light inside.
From the reference, the answer by Rennie is instructive. The one by Motl discusses how it looks different in different coordinate frames, with Penrose type coordinates better to understand the causal structure of the spacetime -- which means in essence that you can see the light geodesics explicitely. But they both emphasize the coordinate speed of light. The easiest to understand it, IMO, is @Alfred-Centauri's description and the diagram of the spacetime using  Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates, which are a particularly nice set of coordinates to see the light geodesics, and thus the causal structure, of the spacetime, both INSIDE and OUTSIDE the horizon. I copied that diagram below from Alfred-Centauri's answer, where light geodesics are simply lines at 45 degrees, like an a Minkowski spacetime diagram. You can see that for light rays (45 degrees cones Inside the Black Hole) from inside the horizon, they never get closer to the horizon, they actually get closer to r= 0, the singularity, and if somehow they were to start at the horizon they remain there. The wiki article for those coordinates are at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal%E2%80%93Szekeres_coordinates
And as you can see from the diagram, light (nor anything else) can ever escape the Black Hole from inside, it'll always go towards the singularity. Outside it also always equals c in those coordinates, but keep in mind that the horizon is always at t= infinity in Schwarszchild coordinates, so from the outside, for an observer at spatial infinity which is what the Schwartszchild coordinates represent) light never actually gets to the horizon either, though always traveling at c.


How to get last error (WSAGetLastError)?

Question: How do I call WSAGetLastError() from WinAPI so I get the valid text error?
Answer: [DllImport("ws2_32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
static extern Int32 WSAGetLastError();

Also, on pinvoke.net it's said:

You should never PInvoke to GetLastError.  Call Marshal.GetLastWin32Error instead!

System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()
Answer: WSAGetLastError is just a wrapper for the Win32 GetLastError function.
If you're doing things with P/Invoke, you can use the SetLastError parameter to the DllImport attribute. It tells .NET that the imported function will call SetLastError(), and that the value should be collected.
If the imported function fails, you can get at the last error with Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(). Alternatively, you can just throw new Win32Exception(), which uses this value automatically.
If you're not doing things with P/Invoke, you're out of luck: there's no guarantee that the last error value will be preserved long enough to make it back through multiple layers of .NET code. In fact, I'll link to Adam Nathan: never define a PInvoke signature for GetLastError.
Answer: It doesn't make very much sense to call that function from managed code. It makes sense in unmanaged code because you know the exact last Win32 function that was called, so you know what function must have set the last error. In managed code, you don't know what functions have been called.
You could probably use P/Invoke to call the function; it just wouldn't do you any good. What are you trying to accomplish?
Answer: This is how I saw on the web to put GetLastError into the C# exception mechanismand how to get it back out again...
try
{
    // some p/invoke call that is going to fail with a windows error ...
    mHndActivatedDevice = MyNameSpace.Interop.Device.Device.ActivateDevice(
         "Drivers\\BuiltIn\\SomeDriverName", IntPtr.Zero, 0, IntPtr.Zero);
}
catch(System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception exc) // as suggested by John Saunders
{
    // you can get the last error like this:
    int lastError = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
    Console.WriteLine("error:" + lastError.ToString());

    // but it is also inside the exception, you can get it like this
    Console.WriteLine(exc.NativeErrorCode.ToString());

    Console.WriteLine(exc.ToString());
}

where ActivateDevice is defined thus:
Comment: -1: The code should catch Win32Exception, not Exception. Otherwise, there's a chance of some other exception type being caught, then the case to Win32Exception failing.


Does the guild vault have collectible storage?

Question: In Guild Wars 2  each character has a bank that they can store items in. One of the nice features is that it has a section for storing "collectibles" such as crafting materials. Guilds can also unlock a storage vault. Does this vault allow for storing collectibles in a similar manner?
Comment: I don't remember seeing this in the beta, maybe it will be implemented?
Answer: If you look at the official wiki for Shared Storage vs Account Storage there is no mention that Shared Storage has a collectables area. It was not present during the beta so unless it get added for launch the answer is no. However, you can put a collectable into shared storage. It just doesn't have a separate tab for it and counts as a space used in your overall storage where is is a separate item in your account vault.

Shared Storage: http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Guild_Vault#Shared_storage
Account Storage: http://wiki.guildwars2.com/wiki/Account_vault

Just confirming post-beta that Guild Storage does not have a separate area for Collectables:


Set theories that do require the existence of urelements?

Question: I am looking for an axiomatic set theory that not only admits the existence of urelements/atoms (via two-sortedness or an additional unary predicate) but requires it, e.g. by an axiom like "for each set there is an equipollent set of urelements" (= "there are arbitrarily many urelements"). Any references?
Answer: Your question is equivalent to asking whether the urelements, or atoms, can form a proper class. This axiom is consistent with ZFA, but usually ZFA is introduced so as to not insist on this (and indeed, not insist on any atoms at all). I believe that many (or most) of the other standard set-theories-with-urelements also allow this.
Andreas Blass has an article here, where he investigates the connection between some theorems in homological algebra and the Axiom of Choice. In his introduction, he states:

In Section 3, we construct a model of set theory with no nontrivial injective abelian groups. It is a permutation model in which the atoms (= urelements) form a proper class;

In contrast, sometimes it is useful to have only a set of atoms, as witnessed by Eric Hall's article, which contains the following remark.

Definitions and Conventions. The theory ZFA is a modification of ZF allowing atoms, also
    known as urelements. See Jech [4] for a precise definition. A model of ZFA may have a proper
    class of atoms; however, for this paper we redefine ZFA to include an axiom which says that
    the class of atoms is a set (always denoted by A).
Answer: Nominal logic is based on the Frænkel-Mostowski permutation model of set theory.  In particular Nominal logic has a freshness axiom that states ${\forall}x. {\exists}a \in \mathbb{A}. a \# x$, where $\mathbb{A}$ is the set of atoms and <code>#</code> is a definable relation which is a bit too complicated to put here.
For reference, see the work by Andrew Pitts and Murdoch Gabbay.  For example "A New Approach to Abstract Syntax Involving Binders".
Answer: In the final end I found such a theory, it's called ZFCUA (= Zermelo Frankel set theory with the axiom of choice and unlimited atoms), see Faithful Representation in Set Theory with Atoms by Harvey Friedman.
The relevant axiom is #11: "There is no set consisting of all atoms."
A consequence of this axiom is, that there definitely are atoms (since the empty set is a set) and furthermore, that there are so many, that the collection of all of them is not a set but a proper class.
Comment: It's not your doing, but I parsed Axiom 11 incorrectly and got very confused.  Better I think is: "There is no set which contains every atom."  (I originally read the statement as "There is no set $S$ such that every element of $S$ is an atom", which made no sense at all.)
Comment: Side note: If categorists tend to see sets as "bags of dots" (and categories as "bags of dots with arrows between them") why not measure category theory against a set theory which explicitely captures "bags of dots". Simply because the category of sets is equivalent to the category of sets with atoms (as I suppose)?
Comment: If you assume AC, then every set (even one containing atoms) can be well-ordered and is thus isomorphic to a von Neumann ordinal, which is a pure set (hereditarily contains no atoms).  But in the absence of AC things can be more interesting, e.g. consider a permutation model of ZFA.
Comment: Do you agree with my reading, then?
Answer: I don't know if this is exactly what you're looking for, but it's a theorem of NFU+Choice that $|\mathcal{P}(V)| < |V|$---which has as a corollary not only that there are atoms, but that the set of atoms is equipollent with the universe.
(A somewhat more disquieting way of putting this is that there are more atoms than there are sets.)
Comment: Something's wrong. NF extends NFU and proves there are no urelements, hence you are effectively claiming that NF is inconsistent, which is actually a major open problem.
Comment: Fair enough; I should more accurately say NFU+Choice. NF itself is inconsistent with choice, which is essentially why NFU was devised. You're right that NF is inconsistent iff NFU can prove the existence of atoms without invoking the axiom of choice.
Answer: In "Parts of Classes" David Lewis builds a set theory on the foundation of singletons that are all urlements. He also enlarges this set theory to include mereology, by extending the notion of ∈ so as to mean "part of" when talking of ur-elements and how they are parts of each other.


How do I reply to a professor whether I accept his postdoc. offer?

Question: I have been applying for postdoc positions recently. Yesterday I got an offer from one professor, but I didn't reply to him whether I accept it or not. The reason is that I am waiting for another professor's reply, whose university is much better. But I am not sure the second professor can give me the job. So I am worried to lose all if I refuse the first professor right now. Could you please give me some suggestions to deal with such situations?
Comment: Possible duplicate: [How do I deal with postdoc acceptances that come in before my preferred institution makes its decision known?](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/62298/how-do-i-deal-with-postdoc-acceptances-that-come-in-before-my-preferred-institut)
Comment: See also: [Can I delay a while signing an official postdoc offer letter](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/140042/can-i-delay-a-while-signing-an-official-postdoc-offer-letter)
Comment: And: [Decision time on a postdoc offer while applying for other positions](https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/36891/decision-time-on-a-postdoc-offer-while-applying-for-other-positions)
Answer: I think you are thinking of it backwards. You should use this offer to try to get an early decision from the other professor!
You can say that you're very interested in their position, but you also have another competing offer. You could ask them to make a decision, or give you a timeline for when a decision would be made. Then, to the professor you have the offer from, just write a polite e-mail thanking them for their offer. You can be honest and say you're waiting on a competing offer, or you can say something vague like you need a few days to consider, and give them a deadline (probably no more than 10 days) for your decision.
Answer: There are no strict rules on how and when one should respond to an informal offer (offers from academics are considered informal until you hear from HRs officially). Generally, you should treat professors as human beings and apply your best judgement. There is nothing wrong in asking how long you can consider the offer, e.g.

Thank you very much for your offer. I am currently waiting for an outcome of another application. I will be able to give you my answer on DATE. Would it be possible to hold your offer until then?

Obviously, if they agree, you should respect this date and make your decision without further delays. The situation you are facing is not unusual, and there are likely other candidates trying to make their decisions at the same time.
Comment: Here, you ask the other professor about their timeline to determine DATE.
Answer: If you were given a deadline to accept or reject the offer, you should respect it. Otherwise you can wait a short time (a few days) before replying. If it is longer than that you need to find an explanation for your delay and ask for a bit more time to consider.
Your situation isn't unique, of course. A few days delay is acceptable, but after a week your offer might be withdrawn if you don't explain.
But it is also acceptable to ask for a fairly short delay before giving a final answer. I doubt that you even need to give a reason. That could be the basis for an earlier reply.


How were books made before the printing press?

Question: How were books made before the printing press, did writer first write on each single paper and than bound all papers in book or they wrote directly in book?
Books are wrote in cursive?
Comment: I'm voting to close this question because it is not about writing as defined in the help center.
Comment: [The Wikipedia article on the history of books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_books) should answer your question. Please use your search engine of choice if you are interested in the history of writing and publishing. This site is to help writers writing today.
Answer: Most of the surviving books created before the printing press were written on individual pages then bound into a manuscript. Many were copied from scrolls, translating the knowledge of the ancient world into   the lingua franca of the day.
Mostly, they used block lettering, but some used cursive.  For instance, Davinci's notebooks are cursive.  Leonardo wrote on loose papers that were bound into notebooks after his death.
Comment: Da Vinci's notebooks were personal notes, weren't they? Cursive was generally used for personal stuff, letters and such, since the times of ancient Rome. By the way, Leonardo was born (only a handful of years, but still) after Guttenberg constructed his press using movable type, and lived all his life in a world where printed books were a thing already.
Comment: @Divizna, yes, the Da Vinci's notebooks were his papers, presumably written backward to frustrate anyone trying to steal his ideas. I thought he predated Guttenberg. Thanks for sharing that observation.
Comment: Didn't predate Guttenberg, as I'm sure you've looked up too, it's Guttenberg's press - 1440 or so, Leonardo's life - 1452-1519. And I thought he wrote backwards simply because it was more comfortable for him that way when writing with left hand.


local wordpress can't set picture in post

Question: I set up a wordpress installation locally on my Mac running MAMP (default, not pro). Front- and backend working as expected, but I can't set a image to a post.
Issue: When I open the Media library by the "add Media" button in the post editor, the library keeps loading (first picture).
But when I navigate to "Media" the pictures are shown (second picture). Uploading pictures works only in the Media panel opened from the sidebar. When try to upload a picture from a post (aka "add Media" Button) will fail.
Maybe important(?): when I open the media library FireBug shows a warning related to scroll-linked effects (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Performance/Scroll-linked_effects). Chrome's console keeps blank.
What I tried: set up wordpress twice, changed recursively the permissions of the content directory. Still not working, not in Chrome, not in the FF.
What's going wrong here?
Thanks in advance!
MEDIA LIB (OPENED FROM POST)

MEDIA LIB (SIDEBAR)
Answer: Same installation with XAMPP -> fully working.


Can't access NetGear Router Manager N300 Wireless Router (Model WNR2000v3)

Question: The URL http://www.routerlogin.net/ isn't working on an internal network when I try to access it via a wireless connection. Why is that? What is the best way to configure this router to be able to access the router via a wireless connection to manage it.
Answer: The router may not support wireless logins by default. Most routers require the feature be enabled via wired connection before accepting wireless access.
Comment: I wire it up and I am good, when on the wireless, it doesn't work.
Comment: Did you confirm in the admin section that the router allows logging in via wireless? You usually need to enable the feature.
Answer: Have you got your DNS server set as the router? If you haven't, using the routers IP address will work just as well (it's often http://192.168.1.1 but dependant on the router)
The way this works is that the router hijacks any requests to www.routerlogin.net and redirects them to the local router. If you haven't got your DNS server set to use the router, it can't hijack the request and redirect properly.
What do you get when you visit http://www.routerlogin.net? When I browse to that (on my non Netgear router) it bounces me off to Netgear's support home page.
Comment: http://192.168.1.1 doesn't work, I ping it also, no ping even though it is the router. Perhaps it is a setting in the router. http://www.routerlogin.net works wired up, http://www.routerlogin.net doesn't work when not wired up(wireless).
Answer: I found the solutions, there is an option called: "Enable Wireless Isolation", it was checked, hindering the router via wireless.
Answer: I got this error because I do not use my N300 as the primary DNS. If you temporarily change your networks settings to use the AP as your nameserver, then it is possible to connect.


Can we always derive modus ponens from modus tollens, and vice versa?

Question: I have a couple of questions about the distinction between the so-called "basic rules" and the so-called "derived rules" in logic. I have been told that there is nothing substantial about this distinction, i.e., that it is a mere convention: for instance, modus ponens is usually regarded as a basic rule, whereas modus tollens is generally regarded as a derived rule, but actually one can derive modus ponens from modus tollens, with suitable additional rule. I have two questions: (1) how exactly you derive modus ponens from modus tollens in propositional logic? (2) Is it always the case (i.e., is it true for any logic) that modus ponens and modus tollens can derive each other or is this only true for propositional logic?
Comment: Already asked [some hours ago](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4198408/basic-vs-derived-rules)
Comment: Actually, it's not exactly the same question.
Comment: I believe it is considered a good practice to link to your previous related question, and write something like, "As a follow up to this post..."
Answer: If we use material equivalence, that is
$$(p\implies q) \equiv \lnot p \vee q$$, we can derive modus ponens and modus tollens only from disjunctive syllogism :
$$(P \vee Q) \wedge \lnot Q \implies P$$
Answer: Long comment
The issue is that there is an interplay between axioms and rules.
With suitable axioms, MP is enough and we can easily derive additional rules, but with the same set of axioms other "derivable rules" cannot be enough, for example to derive MP.
Conclusion: the question above is not well defined: if we have a complete axioms+rules set we can derive all tautologies, and thus also Modus Tollens:

$ [(p\rightarrow q)\land \neg q]\rightarrow \neg p]$.

From it - using MP - we have the MT derived rule:

$\dfrac {(p\rightarrow q) \ \ \neg q}{\neg p}$.
Answer:
How exactly you derive modus ponens from modus tollens in
propositional logic?

You will need the equivalence: $$P \to Q ~~\equiv ~~ \neg [P \land \neg Q]$$
Using a form of natural deduction, here is a proof by contradiction. (Screenshot from my proof checker)


.net website in iis7 not rendering correctly on one server but is fine on another

Question: I am trying to deploy an asp.net 4.0 website that uses web forms to 2 different windows 2008 servers running iis 7. On the first machine it is deployed to everything works great however on the second machine it is deployed to the web site is not rendering correctly (formatting is off, asp menu doesn't respond, post backs don't work). What is strange is if I run the website on the second machine in "Compatability View" in IE it works fine (this should not matter though bc I am forcing the website to run in IE9 in the markup). Same code is pushed to both machines and same IIS setup on both machines, and like I said on machine 1 everything renders ok without "Compatability View" on so I know that is not a problem.
Digging into this I ran F12 developer tools on the website from each server. When comparing everything that gets loaded you will see the website on the second machine not working is missing 3 scriptresource.axd files compared to the first machine. (screen shot below). I believe these are generated from the AJAX control toolkit.
I cannot for the life of me figure out why the second machine is rendering the website differently or why those scriptresource files would not be getting loaded. The website files are identical including web.config.
Any suggestions?
(note machine 2 that is not working is image on left below missing script resource files, machine 1 that is working fine is on right below)
Answer: Problem solved... Ran the hotfix described in this post by Scott Hanselman dealing with a bug in the browser definition files with .net 4.0.
Bug and Fix: ASP.NET fails to detect IE10 causing _doPostBack is undefined JavaScript error or maintain FF5 scrollbar position


Whats the hotkey for changing viewer rotation?

Question: Right now when I MMB move it rotates turn-table style, whats the hotkey to free rotate around an object and return to turn-table?
Answer: There is a solution to this, but it's a work around.
You can set an empty at the center of your focal target, and parent your camera to it.
To do that select the Camera 1st, then while holding the Shift key select your Empty.
Then on your keyboard Ctrl+P to parent.
To get the turn table effect go into camera view Numpad 0, then select your empty and rotate it about the Z Axis.
Then use middle mouse as your trackball.
Answer: I found out I can roll with shift+numpad-4 and shift+numpad-6
Comment: Try these two as well: Alt+Ctrl+ScrollWheel & Alt+Shift+ScrollWheel
Answer: You can actually make a hotkey to toggle the option, though figuring out how seems to involve bouncing through the python API documentation and blindly flailing about until something related to what you're reading about actually works.
The solution is: make a new keybind in the 3D View (Global) category with type wm.context_toggle_enum, set the Context Attribute input to user_preferences.inputs.view_rotate_method, and set the values to TRACKBALL and TURNTABLE. It should look like this:

Though if you use my hotkey you'll want to remove the one for quitting on ctrl-q. IMO that might be a good idea anyway >.>.
Answer: Unfortunately, their is currently no keyboard shortcut. (Although someone could right an addon for that)
However you can, if you feel the need to use both rotation modes at once, just set the orbit-style to Trackball in the user preferences and then use Ctrl+Alt+Mouse Scroll to rotate around; turn table-style.


Hide dropdown in Edit.aspx but still have it functional?

Question: In SharePoint 2013. My workflow requires that the user edit a task, fill in a field, and click a "Completed" button which then changes a "Task Status" dropdown to "Completed". Once the dropdown changes to completed it kicks off the rest of the workflow. I would like to hide this dropdown from the user to avoid confusion but still have it functional. Is this possible? Also, if it's possible it would be nice to hide the "Save" button as well.
Comment: Is this an InfoPath form?
Answer: Small bit of jquery should do the trick for you here.
<code><script src="linktoyourjquerylocation.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
    $('nobr:contains("Task Status")').closest('tr').hide();
    $("input[value$='Save']").closest('tr').hide();
});
</script>
</code>
Just put this in a content editor web part on your edit form.  Just be sure and change the link source of jQuery to the location on your site.


Why would split observed $x$ into two unobserved r.v $z_1,z_2$ consider a way to augmenting data in EM algorithm?

Question: I am reading the materials on the EM algorithm, and I am a bit confused about the example provided on the material I am currently reading. The example is considered a classical missing data problem solving by EM algorithm. Here is the content of the material I am reading :

197 animals are distributed into four categories
$$
\left(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}, x_{4}\right)=(125,18,20,34)
$$
and modeled with the multinomial distribution
$$
\text { multinomial }\left(n ; \frac{1}{2}+\frac{\theta}{4}, \frac{1}{4}(1-\theta), \frac{1}{4}(1-\theta), \frac{\theta}{4}\right)
$$
Estimation is easier if the $x_{1}$ cell is split into two cells, so we create the
augmented model
$$
\left(z_{1}, z_{2}, x_{2}, x_{3}, x_{4}\right) \sim \text { multinomial }\left(n ; \frac{1}{2}, \frac{\theta}{4}, \frac{1}{4}(1-\theta), \frac{1}{4}(1-\theta), \frac{\theta}{4}\right)
$$
with $x_{1}=z_{1}+z_{2}$

In the introduction section of the EM algorithm, the setting is as follow:

Consider a sample of $n$ items, where $n_{1}$ of the items are observed while $n_{2}=n-n_{1}$ items
are not observable
Let $Z_{j}$ 's and $X_{i}$ 's be mutually independent and
$$
\begin{array}{ll}
X_{1}, \ldots, X_{n_{1}} \sim g(x \mid \theta) & -\text { Observed Data } \\
Z_{1}, \ldots, Z_{n_{2}} \sim f(z \mid \theta) & -\text { Unobserved Data }
\end{array}
$$
$(\boldsymbol{X}, \boldsymbol{Z})$ is called the complete data, $\boldsymbol{Z}$ the augmented data, and $\boldsymbol{X}$ the incomplete data.

Here, there is a clear cut between augmented data and incomplete data. However, here I am rather confused: it seems $(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4)$ will be the incomplete data while $(z_1,z_2,x_2,x_3,x_4)$ will be consider the complete data. I have no previous exposure to the concept of augmented data and I am very confused why simply introducing two other random variables would work.
Also, I know the pdf for multinomial distribution with four outcomes have expression $$
f\left(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}, x_{4}\right)=\frac{n !}{x_{1} ! x_{2} ! x_{3} ! x_{4} !} \pi_{1}^{x_{1}} \pi_{2}^{x_{2}} \pi_{3}^{x_{3}} \pi_{4}^{x_{4}}
$$
if we substitute $x_1$ with $z_1+z_2$, we have $(\pi_1+c)^{z_1}(\pi_1+c)^{z_2}$ but not $\pi_1^{z_1}c^{z_2}$, also, the factorial part of $x_1!=(z_1+z_2)!\neq z_1!z_2!$ How the substitution actually work here? What makes this substitution valid?
Answer: Here $g(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4)$ is the distribution associated with observed data, whereas $f(z_1,z_2,x_2,x_3,x_4)$ is the distribution associated with the complete data. So, we are not substituting the variables $z_1,z_2$ into $g$.
Rather, these are two different distributions and there is no reason why $g(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = f(z_1,z_2,x_2,x_3,x_4), \text{where,} \quad x_1 = z_1 + z_2$ should hold in general.
The only relation between $g$ and $f$ is that $g(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) = \sum_{z_1,z_2}f(z_1,z_2,x_2,x_3,x_4)$ where the summation is over all possible $z_1,z_2 \geq 0$ such that $x_1 = z_1 + z_2$.


How is Block.one related to EOS? What is their history?

Question: From what I know Block.one is the development company to help build out EOS. But what is the history of Block.one? How did Block.one win the rights to build out EOS vs another company? Were there other companies that were competing to build it out?
Answer:
But what is the history of Block.one?

Block.one is a company registered in Cayman Islands founded on May 2017 after the first version of the EOSIO whitepaper was published by Dan Larimer (current CTO of Block.one.) The now-CEO of Block.one, Brendan Blumer, approached the now-CTO of Block.one, Dan Larimer, to discuss possible collaborations, and together they decided to build out EOSIO and Block.one. Dan Larimer had extensive prior experience in blockchain development, having involved himself in Bitcoin in the early days in 2009, having pioneered DPOS consensus, and having built what were the 2 most active blockchains in the space at that time in terms of on-chain transactions per day: BitShares and Steem. Thus, EOSIO is built on top of existing code from BitShares, leveraging Dan's technical experience on scalability and extensibility requirements.

How did Block.one win the rights to build out EOS vs another company? Were there other companies that were competing to build it out?

The lead developer, author of the whitepaper, and the creator of the fundamental concepts of EOSIO is the CTO of Block.one, Dan Larimer, so they had a significant advantage in terms of being the most likely team capable of delivering the project, and the amount of funding raised showed that the market was fairly confident in Block.one's abilities. As far as I know, there was no one else attempting to build EOSIO, and the prevailing sentiment of the mainstream blockchain community as expressed by various public figures and public forums was mostly skepticism.

How is Block.one related to EOS?

EOS mainnet uses the EOSIO software built by Block.one, so--at least for now--there is significant communication and collaboration between EOS community and Block.one, and Block.one attempts to assist them and other EOSIO-based blockchains with technical and government issues among others.


Primary display flickering cursor, secondary display flickering black and no signal

Question: I changed from a version of Windows that is not supported any more to Ubuntu 20.04.0. This laptop is connected to a TV monitor with a VGA cable (xrandr calls it VGA-1). The laptop does not have a HDMI port. I have had no issues on Windows with this cable at the same resolution and framerate. This issue happens only on Gnome, not Wayland. From the current state of Wayland, using it is not feasible.
The problem is that when I log in to a user (after a restart, or after logout), the laptop screen sometimes shows a black screen with the cursor flashing once every 0.5 seconds (best guess at timing). At this time, the secondary display flickers at the same rate between a black screen and no signal.
Sometimes the flickering stops after around 3 seconds and the desktop shows on the laptop monitor. Other times, the flickering continues indefinitely. I have tried pressing super+1 to open the first application (gedit) in the dock while it is flashing. gedit is not open when I disconnect the cable. Pressing super+1 after I can see the desktop opens gedit as expected.
The flickering can be temporarily fixed (until the next time the problem occurs after trying to log into a user) by disconnecting the VGA cable and reconnecting it. After reconnecting the cable, the desktop does the "popup" animation (expand from single point at center of screen to the whole monitor). This is regardless of how long I wait before disconnecting and reconnecting the cable.
The flickering does not happen at all when I log into a user if the VGA cable is not connected.
I have tried with and without fractional scaling (both at 100%) in single monitor mode on both laptop and TV display. The laptop resolution is 1440x1900 at 60 FPS and the TV resolution is 1280x720 at 60 FPS.
What can I do to prevent the "flickering indefinitely" while still being able to use the "single display" mode (on laptop monitor xor TV monitor)?
Answer: I also had some flickering problems with a fresh isntall of ubuntu 20.04 (see Ubuntu screen flickering). Could you try to use Wayland display server on the logging screen: click your profile > click the white weel in lower right corner > choose 'Ubuntu on Wayland' and see if it is better ?
Answer: Maybe problem with the display driver, in ubuntu, I don't know if you can reinstall drivers because drivers are inside the kernel executable.


What is the best RPG system for realistic combat?

Question: I'm a fan of D20 systems, but the way hit points works always seemed kind of odd.  The characters obviously can't develop an ability to take more stab wounds as they gain experience.  So that means that all these "hits" are really misses.  So what's the difference between a "hit" miss and a "miss" miss?  Is there a system that handles this more realistically?
Comment: Does this possible duplicate answer your question: [Vast and expanded realistic combat system](http://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/9321/vast-and-expanded-realistic-combat-system)?
Comment: @Flamma Yes, but that covers many hundreds of RPGs. That's a problem because then the answers aren't good, they're just our favourites. [This meta discussion explains it more](http://meta.rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/1475/how-to-deal-with-questions-that-just-dont-understand-the-scope-of-the-rpg-lands).
Comment: This is a) two different questions, b) the second of those questions is a system-rec that doesn't meet the guidelines and if it did would be a duplicate.  Suggest turning this into "How do I model the loss of hit points in the game fiction" and reading the question @SevenSidedDie linked.
Answer: There's a Few
Shadowrun, GURPS, and New World of Darkness are all noted for their lethal and 'realistic' combat systems to various degrees. Certainly all three games treat combat as being a serious affair in which people die and injury is to be avoided at all costs.
But all systems abstract to some extent
There's no such thing as an absolutely realistic system of combat short of grabbing actual weapons and hurting each other (I do not suggest this: it's bad for your health). All RPGs abstract combat, injury, disease, and poison to an extent - how much is the only real question up for debate. If your group is happy with the current level of abstraction there's not a lot of reason to change it.
Also, that's not the only interpretation of Hit Points
Hit points are a lot of things to a lot of different people in D20 systems; consider another form of abstraction that might work better for you. Or buy into the "characters become superhuman" idea, which can be an awesome trope to explore.
Comment: World of Darkness system (and maybe Shadowrun) may be lethal, but I don't think it's very realistic, or very suited if what you want is detailed combat.
Comment: @Flamma I suggested World of Darkness because the questioner seemed to be focusing on more realistic hit points specifically, but you're not wrong; its combat is still fairly abstracted when it comes to action/reaction.
Answer: d20 hit points do not have to represent actual damage

Your hit points measure how hard you are to kill. [...]
What Hit Points Represent: Hit points mean two things in the game world: the ability to take physical punishment and keep going, and the ability to turn a serious blow into a less serious one. (D&D 3.5 PHB1, page 145, and the d20 SRD)

What that might look like is left as an exercise for the individual group/player.
The d20 System engine also provides wounds and vitality as a modification of the system, which you may find to be more to your liking. It's designed to be more cinematic, although whether it succeeds is arguable. What it does accomplish is to provide separate linked minisystems for "being worn down" and "being actually hurt," with one acting as a buffer for the other which can be bypassed under certain circumstances.
Other systems have a wide range of combat-consequence mechanics
Other answerers have mentioned several systems already. The vista of RPG engines is vast, and many--perhaps most, by now--deviate wildly from the traditional "hit point" system. Some are unashamedly narrative, while others are brutal called-shots systems.
Which of these is "most realistic" is up to individual taste.
As has been pointed out elsewhere, all RPGs are an abstraction at some level. We couldn't model the universe perfectly in anything less than real time even if we understood it well enough to make that possible. Choosing an RPG engine, then, is tantamount to a statement of intent: it declares what is valuable to us in the game experience.
Our impressions of what combat is "really" like might be vastly different depending on our personal experience and exposure to violence in the media. There's an RPG system for every iteration of that paradigm, if you care to dig, but which is truly "most realistic" is a lot less objective than it initially seems.
You'll have to consider what it is about combat damage that you want to be realistic, what you're willing to sacrifice to achieve that experience. Finding the system which models that well without sacrificing some other part of the RPG experience you also value will be the challenge: the more complex the system, the longer turns will take and the less emphasis will be put on other elements of play.
Answer: Rolemaster used to be quite realistic. Ok, you still won many HP with experience, but the critical system made it possible to die on a single blow. So, hits that were not critical were supposed to be lesser wounds or small hits that caused fatigue, but no serious injury.
Comment: @JohnP You know what I hated? Spending a week working on the character background and dramatic story and being killed on the first round by a critic.
Comment: Tiny crits were almost worse than high damage crits. Hated them.
Comment: +1 for Rolemaster! Resolving a single attack may take several minutes to finish calculating, but a very deadly and fun combat system. If book-keeping and nasty criticals are your cup of tea, that is :-)
Answer: Chivalry and Sorcery (which people must be tired of hearing me recommend) has a combat system interesting in this regard. A hit does damage (reduced by armour) that first reduces your Fatigue points; you might consider this being winded. After the second or third blow, your fatigue is used up, and you start taking Body damage, which takes much longer to heal. After three or four more hits, you die. High-level characters will have better conditioning and endurance training, but your Body and Fatigue can never go above 125% of what you started with.
(If you think this is exactly what you are looking for, remember 'be careful what you wish for; you might get it'. The C&S combat system went through at least four revamps, with probably another one in 5th edition, due Real Soon Now. And even the simplest makes any sort of fight complex and time-consuming; the full version, with Advanced Initiative, Bash rules including Body Bash and Shield Bash, and graduated criticals, is best described as 'insanely difficult'.)


Problem with the shopping cart, adding an item on the frontend, makes the inventory on the backend turn zero

Question: This is a Magento 1.7, I need some help or hints on where to look to solve this issue please, on the frontend of the store I add an item to the shopping cart, it take a while and shows the product as Out of stock and "Cannot add the item to shopping cart.". I look in the backend for the product and the inventory shows number 0 and out of stock, even when a few mins ago there was plenty of items and in stock. Any ideas on where to find a solution please? thanks.
Answer: looks like a custom module or external sync is updating your stock qty's.
Maybe something is changed in this external system whereby the stock sync isn't valid anymore.
Does not look like default Magento.
A observer could actively be fetching external stock when a product is added to the basket.
Try to look and maybe temporally disabling a module and check if the problem persists.


Cache service issue

Question: i have a map service that is cached and whe I try to access this service, I get the message displaying that downloading picture and I can see that it is trying to download and then finally get no display. When I looked in fiddler, I am getting 500 error but there are some tiles that got generated. I am not sure what is the issue. Thanks Jay
Answer: You'll need to pre-cache the areas you're interested in, because ArcGIS's cache-on-demand performance is somewhat poor, depending on your features and labels.
Remember that when you view an area that hasn't been cached, the server is actually generating a "super tile" (4096x4096) for the AOI, and your web application will probably time out waiting for the server to render and send the requested tiles in that subset.
Comment: I have cache on demand option switched off and I am pretty sure that cache exists, seems like I am having some permission issues.
Comment: It would be odd to get a few tiles returned if it were a permission issue, but certainly look in the cache directory on the server to see if all the tiles are there and permissions are set correctly.

Cache service issue


Accessing Resources File from separate assembly

Question: I have created a Resource file in my Web Project to localize the application. As such, it will contain all the translated text for labels and buttons, etc in the Web App. However I also have some back end code that I use to generate and send emails out to my users and I would like those emails to be localized as well. The code that sends out the emails is in a separate assembly from the Web Project so I'm wondering what the best way to share this resource file with the assembly is?
In my Web Project code I'm just doing this:
HttpContext.GetGlobalResourceObject("Localization", "somekey").ToString();

so I could simply do this in the assembly code:
System.Web.HttpContext.GetGlobalResourceObject("Localization", "somekey").ToString();

and that will work fine as long as the assembly is invoked from my web app...but if for whatever reason I want to invoke that assembly's method from a different app that is not web based then there will be no HttpContext and it will fail. Is there a better recommended way of doing this so I can share the resources between the two?
thanks a lot
Answer: You can build an ExpressionBuilder to access strings from another assembly.
The article .NET String Resources includes the class StringExpressionBuilder with the expression Strings:
<asp:Label ID="AppTextLabel" runat="server"
    Text="<%$ Strings:MyCompany.MyApp.MyStrings, AppText %>" />
<asp:Label ID="LibTextLabel" runat="server"
    Text="<%$ Strings:MyCompany.MyLib.MyStrings, LibText %>" />


How to make current parent Business unit to child BU without breaking existing functionality and integrations?

Question: I have a Marketing cloud org that have only one BU and that is connected with SF Production environment, Now we want to make this as a Child and want to create a new parent BU so can we do this without breaking the functionality like the existing journey, automation, integartion etc?
Comment: YOu can't make the EID a child, You would need to create a new BU and migrate everything there
Answer: What you want to achieve is not possible. EID is the only Business Unit which can't have it's hierarchy changed. It will always be the root of the BU tree structure. This is exactly why I always recommend to start with at least two business units:

EID: This should purely be used for admin purposes and handle data integrations, distributing the "inbound" data to child business units utilising a.o. shared data extensions. No marketing operations should be handled here.
Child BU X: This will represent your market, brand, or however you manage your digital marketing organisation. Here you will build your assets, journeys, and hold contacts/subscribers who have a relationship with this particular BU.

When you come to a point, where you want to enable a new market or brand, you will purchase and create it as a new sibling to BU X. You will replicate the data model from BU X, and ensure the appropriate filtering of data into each of these BUs. Do keep in mind, you don't need Multi Org connector, if connecting a single SF Org with multiple MC BUs.
Comment: Thanks for your response, if I will use same BU as a parent and will create the 5-6 BU as a child then what will be the pros and cons for doing this as in my requirement I have to make this as a Child BU but due to lots for work to move in child BU I am thinking to keep this as it is and I am thinking to add the other BU as its child. It should be on same level as a child but as we cant do this then I need to know about pros and cons. Thanks in Advance
Comment: @RavikantKedia -this is a question with no simple answers. It is a key discussion points when designing a solution architecture for a Marketing Cloud implementation. It depends highly on the integrations, requirements for data separation, etc. I will strongly suggest migrating everything to child BU and leaving the ENT BU for integrations only.
Comment: yes but we have approx. 260 journey, 160 automation, lots of cloud pages, integration etc. so I don't think it is simple to just migrate everything on child BU as it will take a good amount of time may be 4-5 months, could you suggest any other solution here?
Comment: can you please let me know the cons are of using the parent BU as it is as  current BU has 5 years worth of campaigns and that have lots of configuration so we are thinking to use same as a parent ?
Comment: can you please let me know the cons are of using the parent BU as it is as current BU has 5 years worth of campaigns and that have lots of configuration so we are thinking to use same as a parent ?