show payment details by default with paypal adaptive payments

Question: I'm currently using paypal adaptive payments and setting up a parallel payment, and using a call to SetPaymentOptions to set up a breakdown of the fees.  What I currently get in the "You are about to pay" screen is the list of receivers with plus buttons next to them and then if you click the plus button it gives you a breakdown of fees.  The problem is that I would like the breakdown of fees lists to start open.  Is this possible?  It seems to be possible using paypal express.
The reason I don't want to just list those fees on my web site is in addition to our extra fees, we are making the customer pay paypal's fee.  I don't want to separate screens where additional fees are tacked on.
Also this one seems more hopeless, but is there any way to get Paypal to call the "Fee" a "Paypal Fee"?
Answer: There are two checkout flows.
What you are seeing is the "Classic Flow". For Adaptive Payments it does not show the individual line item options set by the SetPaymentOptions API call.
There is another flow, however that does show this breakdown. It's the "Embedded Flow" (Similar concept to the Digital Goods flow in the Express Checkout family of products).
It's meant to be displayed either in a pop-up window, or within an iframe, and it will show the breakdown.
You can see it here: After you've obtained the paykey, and made the SetPaymentOptions call, redirect the user to the following URL:
https://www.paypal.com/webapps/adaptivepayment/flow/pay?paykey=< YOURPAYKEY >
(The above is for production settings. Make sure you use the Sandbox URL if you're testing under that environment).
For more info, see page 26
[ https://cms.paypal.com/cms_content/US/en_US/files/developer/PP_AdaptivePayments.pdf ]


What issues will I have with my financial accounts after a name change?

Question: I have been considering having my name legally changed. A concern is what types of financial issues this would cause. If I have accounts in my (current) name and I get my name legally changed would there be some issue accessing the account? What (if any) types of issues can arise from having your name legally changed.
Comment: People change their names all the time when they get married.  It shouldn't be any more trouble than that.
Answer: Regarding your bank accounts - if you get your name changed through the courts you'll have a copy of the court order. Take it to the bank and they'll take it from there.
Regarding issues that can arise - you'll have to deal with Social Security, employers, the post office, driver's licenses, cable providers etc etc etc it's a long list. All of it will be simple enough if you have the legal docs proving the change, but it will take time and effort to address the needs of each agency. Be ready for hours of tedium. And remember that some of these folks will be charging you a fee for the change.
This SC site has a good amount of basic info including some of the things you will need to get the change approved: http://www.scfamilylaw.com/articles/name-change/
It's not a big deal - ask any woman who changed her name with marriage - but it will be time consuming.
And by the way - it's worth noting that the court doesn't have to grant a change.
Comment: +1. Two things to consider. First, when deciding to change your name think twice so that you don't want to change it again and undergo the same process. Second, find the laws that state the exact requirements for the name change so that you're don't suddenly find out a change is not possible when you least expect it.


How to insert multiple values in single cell database table in android?

Question: I am developing an android database application in which i have to add multiple values in single cell of database table like
<code>id| col 1     | col2     |
  | 1,2,3,4   | a,b,c,d  |
  | 1,1,1,1   | ,x,x,x,x |
  |           |          |
</code>
i have created the database in SQLite Database Browser
how can i achieve this
Comment: Insert as a string from Java, use join if you have those in an array.
Answer: You need to serialize the data that you'd like to load into that cell, for example into xml, json, or maybe csv if that suits you. Xml could get a bit messy, for json there's the Gson lib that makes things really easy, and csv is quite straighforward if your data is simple enough.
Answer: Use JSON and store it as a String. I would want to seriously take a look why you want to do that though


Confusion in phase and group velocity

Question: This question is based on this question asked in physics SE. In this question, they say that phase velocity greater than velocity of light. Ok, greater than velocity of light for phase velocity is acceptable. But group velocity must be $\leq{c}$ .
But in my knowledge, for a quantum free particle,
phase velocity $$V_p=\frac{\omega}{k}=\frac{p}{2m}$$ and group velocity $$V_g=\frac{d\omega}{dk}=\frac{p}{m} .$$ Obviously $$V_g=2V_p.$$ But how this is possible? This means group velocity also greater than velocity of light, and is pure nonsense. Where is the mistake happened to me?
Comment: what is the equation you are using for what you call a "quantum free particle". If it is a simple plane wave there is no d(omega) or d(k)
Comment: @annaV I can't understand what you are asking about, but, I consider the particle as a wave packet. ( Because a quantum 'free' particle can't be expressed as a simple plane wave, because such wave functions are non normalisable). So, it is a combination of plane waves of different wavelength $d\lambda$ around a central wave. Thus $d\omega$ and $dk$ came.
Answer: The main issue is that one cannot use a non-relativistic dispersion formula $E=\frac{p^2}{2m}$ to deduce what happens at relativistic velocities. This Phys.SE post deals with the same theme.

Confusion in phase and group velocity


Will genetically modified food affect our health?

Question: It's a popular public sentiment that - GM foods like tomatoes (flavr savr) will affect our health.. Is there any logical scientific explanation behind this?
Comment: I don't see a personal health question here. The question might not be very profound otherwise though.
Comment: this q. is legitimate...slightly debatable...but not at all a personal medical q....
Comment: I agree with the above comments. However, I think this question would be a better fit on skeptics.SE. By doing a simple [search for "GMO" on skeptics.SE](http://skeptics.stackexchange.com/search?q=GMO) you will get several interesting hits. The question might be considered as a duplicate of other questions on skeptics.SE. I would tend to think this question should be answered following [these guidelines](http://meta.biology.stackexchange.com/questions/650/what-to-do-with-questions-already-answered-on-the-network)
Comment: Would improving health count? If GMOs provide larger yields or better nutrient content with less dependence on pesticides or herbicides those would all be good things. Most of the questions I see about GMO only ask about potential negative outcomes.
Answer:
It's a popular public sentiment that - GM foods like tomatoes (flavr
  savr) will affect our health.. Is there any logical scientific
  explanation behind this?

GM organisms can have different genes and gene expression than natural ones, so they can create more protein or different proteins. Proteins can be toxic, can cause allergy and can catalyze reactions which can lead to toxic products.
To create a GM plant you need dollar millions, so it is not a cheap business. The GMO food regulations are very strict (at least in the EU), so it is unlikely that you will eat a GMO which contains toxic compounds.

Whereas food safety organizations find nothing inherently unsafe in
  the process of genetic engineering, they note that new plant
  characteristics developed in the next wave of agricultural
  biotechnology could present new risks. At the same time, future
  generations of biotechnology may well provide food products with
  higher vitamin or protein content and lower allergenicity, yielding
  benefits to food consumers.

2014 - Agricultural Biotechnology: The Promise and Prospects of Genetically Modified Crops

Despite all the effort to make GMO foods safe, there are issues:

Pesticides associated to genetically modified foods (PAGMF), are
  engineered to tolerate herbicides such as glyphosate (GLYP) and
  gluphosinate (GLUF) or insecticides such as the bacterial toxin
  bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The aim of this study was to evaluate the
  correlation between maternal and fetal exposure, and to determine
  exposure levels of GLYP and its metabolite aminomethyl phosphoric acid
  (AMPA), GLUF and its metabolite 3-methylphosphinicopropionic acid
  (3-MPPA) and Cry1Ab protein (a Bt toxin) in Eastern Townships of
  Quebec, Canada. Blood of thirty pregnant women (PW) and thirty-nine
  nonpregnant women (NPW) were studied. Serum GLYP and GLUF were
  detected in NPW and not detected in PW. Serum 3-MPPA and CryAb1 toxin
  were detected in PW, their fetuses and NPW. This is the first study to
  reveal the presence of circulating PAGMF in women with and without
  pregnancy, paving the way for a new field in reproductive toxicology
  including nutrition and utero-placental toxicities.

2011 - Maternal and fetal exposure to pesticides associated to genetically modified foods in Eastern Townships of Quebec, Canada

The study of combined effects of pesticides represents a challenge for
  toxicology. In the case of the new growing generation of genetically
  modified (GM) plants with stacked traits, glyphosate-based herbicides
  (like Roundup) residues are present in the Roundup-tolerant edible
  plants (especially corns) and mixed with modified Bt insecticidal
  toxins that are produced by the GM plants themselves. The potential
  side effects of these combined pesticides on human cells are
  investigated in this work. Here we have tested for the very first time
  Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac Bt toxins (10?ppb to 100?ppm) on the human embryonic
  kidney cell line 293, as well as their combined actions with Roundup,
  within 24?h, on three biomarkers of cell death: measurements of
  mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase release by
  membrane alterations and caspase 3/7 inductions. Cry1Ab caused cell
  death from 100?ppm. For Cry1Ac, under such conditions, no effects were
  detected. The Roundup tested alone from 1 to 20 000?ppm is necrotic
  and apoptotic from 50?ppm, far below agricultural dilutions (50%
  lethal concentration 57.5?ppm). The only measured significant combined
  effect was that Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac reduced caspases 3/7 activations
  induced by Roundup; this could delay the activation of apoptosis.
  There was the same tendency for the other markers. In these results,
  we argue that modified Bt toxins are not inert on nontarget human
  cells, and that they can present combined side-effects with other
  residues of pesticides specific to GM plants.

2012 - Cytotoxicity on human cells of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac Bt insecticidal toxins alone or with a glyphosate-based herbicide

Though GM crops promises to meet the world's food need and eliminate
  the world hunger and starvation, the potent harmful effects cannot be
  overlooked and these need to be taken seriously. The long term impact
  on the society cannot be overruled as it includes the health risk of
  all the people involved be it producers (farmers) or the consumers
  along with the scientists who are working in the laboratory. Hence, it
  is the need of the hour to reach and try for sustainable development
  that meets the needs of humans and the balance of nature maintained.

2013 - Cry1Ab Treatment Has No Effects on Viability of Cultured Porcine Intestinal Cells, but Triggers Hsp70 Expression

I think it is the same story as by food, pharma and plastic industry. The billion dollar profit can be more important than the consequences. Btw. if you check a regular food, which you can buy in the shop, you will find a lot of unhealthy components e.g. trans fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, fungicide remnants, etc... which can affect your health as well.
My conclusion is that in most of the cases it is safe, however in rare cases it might have a mild harmful effect. To filter out those cases and their causes we need further studies and better regulation.
Answer: Genetic engineering is a technology not a trait.
In general, genetic engineering and genome editing are as safe as conventional breeding and mutagenesis (introducing thousands of random mutations by radiation or chemicals to speed up the breeding process).
The safety of the resulting product depends on what has been changed or how the crops are used. You can obtain unsafe products from conventional breeding, as shows the popular example of the Lenape potato (Wikipedia), which was bred for specific traits while unintentionally increasing its solanine content to dangerous levels.
The same goes for GMOs. Glyphosate resistant crops will increase the glyphosate level in the plant and favor unsustainable farming practices like large mono-cultures and a lack of crop rotation with potential risks for the environment or even human health. On the other hand, Bt-crops have been shown to reduce pesticide use and can therefore be beneficial for health and nature.
Your tomato example is not that much related to farming. The aim was to improve shelf life, which could help to reduce food waste. Similar products are non-browning apples (Arctic Apples). Usually, they work by blocking the activity of an enzyme that normally would degrade the fruit. Of course, there are debates if the enzyme is needed for important processes in the plant and if it would have any negative effects on the healthiness of the product. But usually nothing significant is found.
Furthermore, genetic engineering can also make products healthier by introducing positive traits like increasing vitamin or healthier fatty acids.
Again, the safety of the product depends on specific changes and not on how these changes have been achieved. If we could have all these products with conventional breeding, we would do it. And we probably could, it just takes ages. So, all "negative impacts" of GMOs should really be discussed as "Do we want/need this trait and what are the effects?" and not as "Was it created by genetic engineering?".
Finally, GMOs are the best tested products on the market. While we know very well, what has been modified in these plants, we have no idea which genes have been changed in mutagenesis products. And because of strict regulations and research, approved products can generally be considered to be safe to consume. So far, there is no recorded case of someone having serious health issues from consuming GM-food, while people are dying from their self-grown zucchini (I'm not kidding).


How are creature positions determined?

Question: When you summon a creature, what determines its place in the three creature slots? I've noticed that the game tends to place creatures with defender and reach towards the first slot, but I can't seem to completely figure it out, occasionally causing a creature to be killed prematurely. Sometimes even costing me a win, or challenge objectives.
Answer: In my experience, any creature that you summon will be placed at the top of the pile. Creatures with Defender are placed at the bottom of the pile, unless one is already there, in which case the new creature is placed above the last creature with defender.
If you are replacing a creature the new creature takes the spot of the replaced creature. I haven't tested what happens if you replace a non-defender creature with a defender one.
Flying doesn't seem to affect the order.
I'll do some more research to see what affect a creature having vigilance makes.
Comment: You are right, this was an incorrect answer. I've edited, and will edit further after more testing.

How are creature positions determined?


How to select a new texture in the displacement modifier

Question: I'm frustrated. I am trying to apply a displacement modifier to a mesh but I am stuck because I cannot figure out how to select a different texture in modifier. I want to use a cloud texture to make subtle deformations of the mesh. How do I select a new, different texture? The tutorials I've watched all have a dialogue box (that I am not seeing) where you can select image or film and find the texture through that, but again, I am not seeing that at all. What's going wrong?
Comment: If you watch those tutorials closely you will find that the texture type is selected from the texture properties window, by either going to the appropriate tab, or clicking the texture settings button in the far right of the texture name
Answer: You must go to another tab first to set up the texture.
Go down to the texture properties tab, select new.  Click on image or Movie and then add "Clouds" from the drop down list.

Select the object, and go back to the modifier tab. The new texture will be available in the drop down list.


How to buy 1,000,000 BTC

Question: Let's imagine that I had enough fiat money to buy 1 million bitcoin ($30,000,000,000). How would I find a seller? Are there even that many bitcoins offered for sale? Or would it be easier to start a mining company with the money and mine the 1 million coins?
Answer: It is difficult to ascertain exactly how many bitcoins there are for sale at any moment. We have estimates on how much bitcoin there is on exchanges (2.26 million BTC on July 5, 2023 by Glassnode), but only some of it is currently offered on the market. Some of the rest might get put up for sale in case e.g. the price increases, but we can't know how much at which price levels. This also holds for bitcoin held by users in their own wallets, who might either put it up for sale on the open market, or be willing to sell it over-the-counter.
It is even more difficult to know how much any given amount bought will end up costing you because of the resulting market price movements. For very large amounts this could be a lot more than what you get by multiplying the amount in BTC with the current unit price. This is related to terms like market depth, market impact and slippage.
There are currently a little over 1.5 million bitcoins left to be mined, which means anyone looking to mine a million from now on would need to have a lot more mining power than everyone else combined. This obviously isn't the way to go. If we consider transaction fees rising in the future, you might be able to eventually earn a million coins with less than the majority of hashpower, but it would probably take decades at least.
Answer: First, realize theres no way to get that much btc without significantly moving the price higher.
Essentially, your goal is to source as much liquidity as you can from as many sources as you can. That's so much, that you can also tap into non-spot-bitcoin liquidity with the intention of selling it at a profit after. This means buying up bitcoin cash, bitcoin sv, various correlated shitcoins and futures, acquiring options on deribit and on bitcoin etfs, and similarly with ethereum futures and on-chain, off-chain, and OTC options and futures on any and every coin for which futures exist. Make some contracts with miners to buy their future bitcoin at a premium. Buy physical mining equipment. Try to get a lot of GBTC (once we're pumping after the main buys start, the discount will narrow)
Fund a team of developers so you can directly take advantage of the DeFi liquidations that will happen as a result of the massive move. Use the liquidations to add exposure on shitcoins wherever possible. You'll sell them for bitcoin after most of the bitcoin buy is complete, to complete your buy.
Then, partner with multiple organizations over a period of time to solidify as many OTC deals as you can. Thats so much bitcoin that anyone you try to start doing these deals with will likely be able to frontrun you before you complete the sale, so you'll need to hide much of your size and appear to these giant organizations as though you're buying "only" 100m at a time.
Keep in mind, once you complete this buy and btc is at 250k-500k, you're going to have some people fight you on the OTC deals, so make those contracts specifically describe that extreme price movements will not affect the validity of the contracts. Make sure that trusted independent third parties are holding the physical bitcoin in escrow for your deals.
If you're open to market manipulation, you can get a better average price. Use your giant stack to run the typical liquidation-hunter price movements along the way. People will see what's happening and start opening leveraged longs to ride it themselves. Once you see enough leveraged longs build up around you, punish them by selling just enough spot bitcoin to liquidate all of the longs, then buy them up for yourself. Repeat on the way up.
As the price keeps going, some overconfident bears will start talking about how btc rise is getting out of hand. Find the most vocal, rich critics and make bets against them for millions of dollars.
Once you're getting near the end, with a few billion left of bitcoin buying to go, start liquidating all of your shitcoins. Start by scaling into leveraged shorts and continue as you are selling spot. Then on a Sunday or another low-volume holiday, quickly liquidate your entire altcoin portfolio. The across-the-board shitcoin collapse will affect bitcoin. Use this dip to fill the rest of your bitcoin buys.
good luck!
Answer:
Let's imagine that I had enough fiat money to buy 1 million bitcoin ($30,000,000,000).

The premise is acceptable, as any other axiom can, but the clarification is actually wrong. 30 billion USD is the current multiplied price of a million Bitcoin coins, but buying from now a million Bitcoin costs much more than 30 billion USD.
Once you buy a few thousand Bitcoin readily available on exchanges, price pumps (i.e. green candle happens) and price ceases to be as small as 30 thousand USD unless you somehow freeze the market back to such price. You would need some very worked strategy to buy that many coins while suppressing price so much.
Now the axiom implies you represent a nation state sized actor, so you could have quite such resources in order to try to suppress price globally. But those could maybe not be enough.

How would I find a seller?

You wouldn't buy from a single seller, you would need to find multiple sellers, from any imaginable source.

Are there even that many bitcoins offered for sale?

I think so, yes, currently. But that might not be the case in the future. Also, remember you absolutely wouldn't be able to buy a million coins for 30 billion USD, no way, as explained before. It would cost you a lot more USD, but yes I think you can still buy a million coins at some price.

Or would it be easier to start a mining company with the money and mine the 1 million coins?

I don't think so, because reward is so small nowadays.
Or maybe yes, but only if fees skyrocket a lot from the current small 5 sat/vbyte in the mempool since a few months from now.

How to buy 1,000,000 BTC


how to check the IOPS when I have multiple disks attached to an Azure VM

Question: I have considered Azure Standard_E16s_V3 vm and attached two premium disks (p30 , 1024 GB & 5000 IOPS).
How can I calculate the average IOPS considering both disks. This is to check the possible reason of slowness.  Initially there was a single disk and performance was very slow and we attached another disk but the slowness is the same.
What is the way to calculate the effective IOPS and what are the parameters to improve the slowness
Answer: There are several possibilities:
1) Use Azure Monitor.
Scope -> Select the host
Metric Namespace -> Virtual Machine Host
Metric -> Data Disk Read/Write Operations
Aggregation -> Avg
This will give you 1 aggregated metric for all data disks, but now you can "Apply splitting" to get 1 line per LUN on the graph
2) You could use a Grafana dashboard to display the disk performance metrics. If you have the disk IOPS metrics in a monitoring solution such as Prometheus or Zabbix, creating a Grafana dashboard is easy and will allow you to correlate multiple metrics.
If one of your disks is reaching the IOPS or throughput limits, that could indeed explain slowness, but there are of course a lot of other possible reasons for slow performance.


What to do when two answers are awesome

Question: Sometimes, one questions gets two really good answers. Provided that both answers are equally good,  I know I have to eventually pick one, and I guess it would be an arbitrary choice. However, is there any way to split the points or give the other person some points in any way?
Answer: You have three independent options:

Approving an answer.
Upvoting an answer.
Commenting.

You have to make a choice concerning #1, but ##2 and 3 are available for all answers.  Use them liberally to indicate your satisfaction.  In some cases you might choose to let timeliness be the tie breaker: approve the earlier answer.
Comment: I up-voted both answers and left comments as well as picked one as the most accurate considering what I has asked (not how useful one of the answers was). I wish there was a split decision option... new feature?
Comment: @Ragi See the closely related discussion at http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/2786/accept-multiple-answers-or-split-bounty-among-several-users .

What to do when two answers are awesome


What ambient humidity should one target for filament storage?

Question: I live in an arid environment and have never worried about leaving filament out for an extended period of time. To reduce how frequently we receive static shocks I installed a whole house humidifier with a target humidity of 35 %. Is this enough humidity to warrant storing filament in a dry box? At what point does ambient humidity become a concern?
Comment: Alternative to dry box: storing it outdoors. ;-)
Comment: I've never read about which humidity value, the humidity becomes a problem, but, the higher the sooner water will creep in. Personally, I bought vacuum bags in which I store open spools of filament to shield them from the humidity in house.
Answer: The closer to zero humidity the better.  Maybe a garage or some place protected from rare precipitation outside would be better.  If one room is considerably less humid than the others, you could use it.  Keep the bags and dry packs the filament comes in and put them back in when not in use.
Comment: I know this is true for most plastics, but some like PVA I think need some humidity?


How can I switch between three devices on one 50A circuit?

Question: i have two welders and one plasma cutter all 220 volt @ 50 amps. I would like to run a cable to a welding table and have a way to switch power to three different outlets  on the table. Only one unit powered at any time. Can some tell what switch use?
Comment: I agree outside a dwelling unit this would not be a problem. If within a connected garrage set up a 50 amp sub fed from your main breaker then have 3ea 50 amp Breakers in the sub each would be on its own breaker so there is no code conflict as the 50 amp main would trip if 2 devices were used at the same time.
Comment: Folks, I know in the past we figured out it is not prohibited to have multiple sockets on a 30A circuit.  Is that also true of 50A?
Comment: @Harper -- the situation with 50A multioutlet branch circuits is more complicated, as 210.23(C) restricts them to fixed cooking appliances in the dwelling unit context. (Outside of a dwelling unit? Have at it!)
Comment: Are you the only person using this work space or is it shared?
Comment: Thanks for all the ideas. I am the only one in the shop just want it correct. Dummy proof.
Answer: If you are trying to connect switches to three different outlets the easiest method I can think of is mount a sub panel closest to the receptacles and connect each receptacle to a different 50A breaker. I think trying to find and purchase a heavy duty 240V/50A 3 position switch would probably be a little out of a DIY price range, as it is an industrial piece of equipment.
Hope this helps
FYI - From a commercial standpoint you can connect 50A receptacles together on a single circuit. I have done but the AHJ made us label each receptacle that only one receptacle could be used at one time.
Comment: That is what I'm trying to do. I don't want to be able to have more than one at a time. Dummy proof
Comment: I like this idea. If you keep everything off except when you'll use it, it would be hard to forget. If you have to go to the panel to switch devices you're going to remember to turn the other ones off, especially if you tape a note on a flap over the breaker stack.
Comment: Since you mentioned it, my other thought was to use three two-way switches in a series/parallel arrangement. I'm not sure what type of switch is appropriate, though, and three switches might cost as much as a single three-position switch anyway.
Comment: Do breaker interlock switches exist for more than two breakers? I know they make these for panels fed by generators and the grid but only for two breakers.
Comment: Wish I would have read this before commenting, however a 60 amp 12 position panel could be used after looking, that's what I used and it was not expensive, I did this in my last home / shop detached and it was approved and there is a green tag and sign off on the building. If attached we would need to double check and verify local codes.
Answer: What you want is called a "3 step cam switch", they are available up to about 200A as far as I know, 63A is a very common size available all over the world.
One of the biggest mfrs, their products are sold under several other big names, but they are the actual mfr.
http://www.krausnaimer.us/Countries/USA/en/Control_Switches/control_switches.html


Can carbon subnitride be used as a fuel with similar properties to gasoline?

Question: I am trying to figure out if Dicyanoacetylene, aka carbon subnitride, aka $\ce{C4N2}$, can have a similar reaction with air as gasoline, or if it only creates a lot of heat but not much expansion?  As I understand it, the thing that makes gasoline useful is that when it combusts, the product has a much lower density than the reactants, causing a huge expansion to reduce pressure (which drives pistons in an engine).  Does $\ce{C4N2}$ have a similar effect, or does it have only comparatively negligible expansion compared to gasoline and simply generates more heat? Or might it produce a similar expansion or more than gasoline?
Comment: Hi and welcome to chemistry.stackexchange.com. Feel free to take a [tour] of the site. All reactions leading to gaseous products will have a much greater desire to expand than liquid ones, so at first sight the effect should be similar. I'll leave it to someone closer to the field to actually answer, though.
Comment: Why are you even using strange "expansion effect" expression? It's not important at all what, say, molar volume would have products in room temp. Important is that reaction generates a lot of heat, which leads to pressure rise.
Comment: I was pretty sure it would have the expansion effect, but I also want to know how it compares to the expansion of the gasoline reaction.
Comment: I guess it does come out a bit strange.  I think what I was going for when I asked was what volume does it's by product occupy ultimately and whether the pressure produced is greater than that of gasoline.
Comment: What matters in combustion reactions in engines is not the relative volume of the reactants and products but the amount of energy produced. And why would any highly unstable, potentially poisonous and spontaneously explosive compound be good for anything as a fuel?
Answer: No
You wouldn't want to burn this thing anywhere, it burns like, 9010 degrees... Fahrenheit. It's nearly the temperature of the surface of the sun (around 900 degrees off). Not much can contain it. So unless you had some kind of super-metal, than you are out of luck trying to use it as fuel.
Comment: Wow!  A chemical that burns as hot as the surface of the Sun!?!   PLEASE give a reference, I am intrigued.


Unused Indexes - Consider Primary Key Constraint Supporting Indexes?

Question: I have given a task to find out the unused indexes in my production environment. I'm using a DMV to find the unused indexes should i include the Primary key Clustered Indexes on it? If a Primary key Index isn't being used, shouldn't that be of some concern? Unless, perhaps, it is a small table that isn't accessed very often?
Comment: A PK is also used when inserting into the table and usually when updating or deleting from the table. And you can't simply remove it, even if the table is "stable" (no change at all) for one reason because there may be FKs referencing it.
Answer: Primary Key and Unique constraints are enforced by a supporting index for performance and to enforce uniqueness. Just because the index is not used for searching does not mean it isn't being used to guarantee uniqueness of the key values.
Whether or not a table has a primary key constraint or any unique constraints is not a performance decision - it is a data integrity decision. The primary key gets a primary key constraint and the candidate keys get unique constraints.
Whether or not the primary key index is clustered or nonclustered, on the other hand, is a performance question. Doing a Binoogle search on that will find many hits, including https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2206541/index-view-how-to-choose-the-clustered-index.
Answer: Primary key constraints require a supporting index.  It doesn't necessarily have to be a clustered index (it is by default, but you can have a nonclustered index supporting a PK constraint), but whether or not you should include those in unused indexes, I personally wouldn't.  What would you use to "replace" the index that supports a PK?  Another index.

If a Primary key Index isn't being used, shouldn't that be of some concern?

Just because the clustered index isn't getting any seeks/scans on it just means that you could either have other indexes that satisfy queries, or you just aren't issuing queries that need to seek/scan on that table.
Answer: The clustered index is the table, so i would certainly exclude those (unless you don't actually need the table).  If you are looking to do index tuning, a great place to start is Kendra Little's sp_blitzindex. She has already done the hard work of querying the dmvs for you and provides advice for how to remedy any problems you might find.


Which chemical should I use to wash soot precipitate from cast iron?

Question: The soot deposition is quite strong (almost like graphite) and my iron object has a complicated shape with many grooves.
Which chemical would dissolve the carbon without oxidizing the iron?
Comment: There is not practical ways to do this. Technically, carbon dioxide at higher temperatures should work. However, simply blowing it in oxidizing flame should not significantly oxidize cast iron. Possibly, bathing it in molten sodium nitrate may work, though likely give the iron strange look.
Answer: Depends on your resources and how delicate the object is (is it an antique?).

You can put it in a furnace or self-cleaning oven to burn-off the soot. Determining the correct temperature for this will be an art.
You could put it in a furnace under a hydrogen atmosphere.  the hydrogen will react with the carbon to form hydrocarbon gases and it definitely won't oxidize the iron.  You can also use carbon dioxide which will for carbon monoxide with the soot.  You may not have this sort of equipment though.
You can clean the object in an ultrasonicating bath. These are widely available and the best part is that you will not require chemicals to remove the soot.  This method may take a while but it is the most gentle.
Comment: For #2, what should be the temperature in the furnace with a hydrogen atmosphere?


How to choose a sample size for two group repeated measures anova design given power, alpha, and effect size?

Question: How would I go about computing the sample size for repeated measures ANOVA design, given power, significance and the required effect size (2 groups, I know the mean difference that I want to be able to catch and approximate standard deviation)?
Comment: When you say you know the standard deviation, is this of the variables, or of the difference? (If the former, if you know the correlation, you can calculate the latter.)
Comment: You say this is between two groups. In that case, is there a reason to use ANOVA rather than a paired t-test?
Comment: Maybe it's a RM ANOVA with a between-subjects factor? It's as if there weren't enough uncertainty in statistics already...
Answer: There's a nice tutorial on this which uses the R language/environment:
http://gjkerns.github.io/R/2012/01/20/power-sample-size.html
How to attack it
The avenue of attack is simple: for a given sample size, use prior research and practitioner experience to decide what difference would be "meaningful" to detect,
    simulate data consistent with the above difference and run the desired statistical test to see whether or not it rejected, and
    repeat step 2 hundreds of times. An estimate of the power (for that sample size) is the proportion of times that the test rejected.
If the power isn't high enough, then increase the given sample size and start over. The value we get is just an estimate of the power, but we can increase the precision of our estimate by increasing the number of repetitions in step 3.
What you find when you start down this path is that there is a lot of information required to be able to answer the question. Of course, this information had been hiding behind the scenes all along, even with those old research papers and online calculators, but the other methods make it easy to gloss over the details, or they're so complicated that researchers will give up and fall back to something like Cohen's T-shirt effect sizes.


convert USB to RCA phone plug in order to close a switch

Question: I would like to know if it is possible to convert a USB signal to a RCA phone plug signal in order to close a switch contact.  There are pushbutton switches that can remotely close a switch by means of a cable with a standard 3.5 mm plug on the end.  These are attached to specialized switch boxes for adaptive devices for people with disabilities.  Instead of having a physical pushbutton as the component sending the signal to the switch box, I would like to have the signal originate from a software program and be conveyed through USB or RS-232 and then be converted to the appropriate signal for closing a switch.  This is a specialized need and I am not an engineer, so it's kind of hard to explain what I am needing.  I do not really know how to look for such a solution.  I appreciate any suggestions.
Answer: There are devices available such as this one (also available ready-built) that will do what you want. That might be bigger and more cumbersome than what you're looking for, however.
In reply to comment: Not much simpler, for USB, although you may find something smaller, with fewer channels - just search for 'USB Relay'. This looks the most promising route.
An alternative approach, if you do want something simpler, then you may have to step outside of Windows - you don't say anything more specific than 'software' but I'm assuming you mean Windows or anyway a modern OS - but in the days of DOS, you had more direct access to the hardware, so could for instance use one of the RS232 control signals (DTR etc) plus a diode and a small relay. But AFAIK this isn't available under Windows. In fact - ref comments - this is still available under Windows too.
Comment: That might work for me, but is there anything simpler than that?
Comment: The modem control signals (if implemented by the hardware) are still available under windows and other modern operating systems.
Comment: @Chris Stratton Interesting - my understanding is that you can enable and disable them ie select how handshaking is performed, but not actually control their state from code. Could you expand on that?
Comment: No, you can control them from code.
Comment: @Chris Stratton Yes, I stand corrected. Didn't check that thoroughly enough last night - now I've found the EscapeCommFunction, which does exactly what's reqd. Thanks - useful to know.
Answer: One way to handle this is to use an FTDI chip, such as the FT232R, which connects via USB to a virtual COM port, and on the other side of the IC presents a full set of RS-232 leads, at TTL levels, including TX/RX, DTR, RTS, CTS and DSR. It is available in a 28-pin SSOP package for $4.50 in single quantities.
You can then use the DTR lead to control a transistor or MOSFET to drive your relay.  There are literally dozens of answers here describing how to do that so I won't repeat it here.   The DTR lead can be easily manipulated using Windows software (we're doing it right now in one of our test boards to reset a processor using C#.)
Comment: Yes, though there's little need to build this with a bare chip for a one-off, since a typical consumer USB serial adapter (ultimately built around such a part) will work.  As that will include a line driver on the control signals as well as the data their signal will be inverted and may have a higher level, but that is not really a problem for designing a relay driver.
Comment: @ChrisStratton I mostly included this because PeterG said it couldn't be done under Windows, while I am using this solution every day (and it's cheaper than buying a complete board).  I see you also added a comment under his post re controlling modem lines under Windows.
Comment: @tcrosley - whoa - I didn't (intend to) say that it couldn't be done via extra hardware - I'm talking about the built-in serial port here. To the best of my knowledge Windows doesn't allow direct control of DTR etc on that - but Chris (or you) might put me right on that too!
Comment: @tcrosley . . . yeah, Chris *did* put me right!
Comment: @peterG If you have an actual COM port on your PC (most don't anymore, I insisted on one when I got my last computer), then this becomes very simple.
Answer: There are a number of ways to approach the problem. The two I'd suggest you looking into first are phidgets, which should have a solution for you.
Another choice is an arduino with a relay shield.
There are certainly cheaper and more elegant ways to tackle this, but from the tone of your question I'm guessing you need something that is easy to use and has a large community to support questions you have as you progress. You'll find both in the above two options.


What is the difference in melee weapon speeds in Fallout 4?

Question: Fallout 4 melee weapons seem to be categorized (ex: fast, medium and slow.) How much do melee weapon speeds affect DPS?
Comment: @JeffMercado "Fast" and "slow" are not quantities.
Comment: Faster weapons chew through ammo faster, but provide more sustained DPS.   Slower weapons obvious chew through ammo slower, and provide better burst dps.
Comment: Yes that is obvious. That is not what I'm asking.
Comment: It's a good question, but you're not getting many straight answers. Anyway this seems complicated to test... I'd forget about the DPS aspect and just focus on hits per second, and how VATS is affected by it.. Dang this game really brings out the scientist in me, I wanna try to answer all these questions.
Comment: The only items listed with a speed categorized the way you mention are melee weapons. Any guns will have their fire rate listed, with a higher fire rate being faster. I"m not sure how the numbers actually translate into how many shots per second/minute etc.
Comment: I've updated the question. I was asking about melee weapon dps.
Comment: Shouldn't it be obvious? Fast melee weapons, you can swing fast. Slow weapons you swing slow. The more attacks you can dish out, the more DPS you can have for weapons with equivalent damage.
Comment: I'm asking how much it affects DPS
Answer: This question is more complicated than it appears. Please remember that DPS is largely meaningless in this genre, and not only because mitigation is much spikier than something like an MMO.
If the real question is, "what melee speed is best," well, it depends. For obvious reasons, you want the biggest damage weapon regardless of speed for a sneak attack. For fighting another melee weapon wielder, you almost certainly want a faster weapon than they have, to get as much attacking as possible in between blocking their attacks, and their blocks will mean less per hit.
For everyone else, well, that depends on their armor. The breakpoint for 50% damage reduction is 1:1 damage to DR. For ratios less than that, it ramps sharply up to 50%, and for more than that it slows significantly. (1:20 is ~83% reduction) The upside is, if the average enemy has less DR than your slow weapons, but more or equal than your medium weapons, your slow weapons will do significantly more net damage.  If enemy DR is equal to or greater than your slow weapons, it doesn't really matter what you use.
The point is, there's no hard or fast rule to determine melee dps. I wish I could just give you a coefficient for each speed to divide damage by, but it just doesn't work that way.
Answer: I did a little bit of testing. Using 2 medium speeds and 1 fast (I don't have any slow) the fast had a speed of 1.1 swings per second, while the medium had 0.76 and 0.6833. So more than likely, slow is less than 0.5 hits per second, fast is more than 1 got per second, and medium is whatever is in between.
In order to know your specific  weapon  dps, time it for 60 seconds  hitting  anything, even just the air. Then divide your hits by 60 and multiply the resulting number by your damage. That should be close enough to know the raw dps.
Answer: Melee weapon speed will certainly affect your DPS a lot if you can continusly keep hitting the attack button and succesfully hit an opponent every time. Just try it out with a knife compared to a bat. However I'm not sure exactly how much, I'd say maybe 50% difference from just the feel of it. (Needs more testing)
However in reality you won't be hitting enemies constantly with a mellee weapon. If you go pure mellee you will have to block or time your attacks so you avoid being blocked. In addition a slow weapon might often leave your enemy with 10% health, forcing you to do a second swing just to deal the last 10%. So faster weapons will be more consistant in the number of hits required and will waste less damage. In addition if you have a chance to stun enemies on hit this will be more effective with more hits which you get from fast weapons. If you are just using mellee weapons for dealing high damage in stealth then I'd say it's better to use slower weapons but only because they usually have more damage. If you find a faster weapon with more damage that is obviously better. The DPS just won't matter that much in this case.
Regarding strength bonus to mellee damage this could affect the DPS if the bonus was additive. For example if you got +10 damage for every point in strentgh. However it looks like the effect is +% damage from strength (again this would require some testing). So I don't believe that this would affect your DPS.
Comment: If we want to worry about how the weapon works in practice, rather than just calculating a straight DPS, it's important to consider a slow, high-damage weapon's advantage versus armor.
Comment: @DCShannon Actually didn't know about that. Thanks:)


perception difference of rotation effect

Question: If you were inside and at the tip of a 100 meter tube shaped ship travelling outside of gravity wells, and at a good speed (not relativistic nor ftl); would you perceive the difference if the ship rotated on its hub head over heals (ie in the direction it was travelling) compared to rotating like a propeller?
Rotation rate about 4rpm.
I believe effect would mostly be felt if changing height and turning at the same time. But even stationary you would feel the spin.
Comment: (1) Linear motion is always relative; there is no such thing as absolute linear motion. (2) All inertial reference frames are equivalent, which means that as far as forces go, the two scenarios are indistinguishable as long as the ship does not accelerate. (3) The only difference is that with the ship spinning around an axis alongside the direction pf travel you only need to worry about shielding one side of the ship (the one facing forward with respect to the local interstellar medium), whereas if spinning around an axis perpendicular to the direction of travel you need to shield both sides.
Comment: Depends on how fast it is rotating, doesn't it? And please, even a sketchy picture, or at least some clearer explanation. I have no idea what you mean by "rotating like a propeller" and "rotating head over heels". (And where does Mr. Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis come in?)
Comment: spinning on its hub in the direction of travel would be head over heels, perpendicular to its direction of travel is like a propeller.
Comment: The question made more sense when you left 'Coriolis effect' in the heading, as that would indeed be the most dominant perceptual effect. The further along the tube you went, the greater the speed. Motion would perceptually appear to 'curve' instead of going in a straight line. That is exactly what the Coriolis Effect is. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_force
Comment: I don't know what you mean by "head over heels".  Is the ship's long axis in the direction of thrust?  (This doesn't matter except when the drive is active.)  Is the rotation axis the same as the ship's long axis, or orthogonal to it?
Answer: If the ship is not accelerating or decelerating then you would not notice any difference. With a radius of 50 m and a rotation rate of ~4 rpm, there would be an 'outward' or radial acceleration of about 8m/s or 0.8g.
If it was accelerating or decelerating then you would feel the difference.
If the cylinder was accelerating at rate a along its axis then you would feel an additional acceleration perpendicular to the 'floor' in the direction of the acceleration. Assuming a is small compared with g, the effect would be as if the floor was sloping off in the axial direction. You could probably live with that so long as a was less than around 10% of g.
If the cylinder was accelerating perpendicular to its axis (I believe this is what you mean by head over heels it would be a lot more icky. You would feel an accelerative force that would rotate around in a circle once every 15 seconds. At second zero, you might feel an extra downwards force as if going up in an elevator, at second 7.5 you would feel a similar downwards force. At seconds 3.75 and 11.25 you would feel forwards or backwards accelerations respectively (equivalent to the ground sloping forwards or backwards). Unless a was very small you would get very seasick very quickly. Maybe with time you would develop your 'sea-legs'...
If a was comparable to g (or larger) then either direction would be a problem, but with 'propeller' acceleration you could have sloping floors and live more or less normally (so long as acceleration was constant). With 'head-over-heels' acceleration you would be shaken around so much that any day to day activities would be impractical.
And in comment to your title, this has very little to do with the Coriolis effect.
Comment: Without acceleration. Inside the force varies .018g per meter from the hub. So someone moving along the radius, and they are themselves rotating (or spinning), does this create a perceptive effect and what would it be called? (that's what I was calling Coriolis -like a pilot under acceleration and moving their head to look at the instruments)
Comment: Yes, that is a real effect, but still not quite the Coriolis effect. The CE on earth results from changing latitude - a body at rest to the surface of the earth is moving at a different speed (relative to the fixed stars) due to distance from the axis of rotation, so a body moving N/S, feels a 'force' to the E/W direction. In the rotating spaceship, if you move radially you would feel a similar 'force' in the circumferential direction. For example, take a fast lift from near the axis to near the radius of the ship and you will feel as though you are being pushed sideways,
Comment: Another interesting effect on the non-accelerating ship is that if you move circumferentially in one direction you will feel heavier, if you move in the other direction you will feel lighter. With your dimensions, running at fast 100m sprint speed that would change local 'gravity' by about +/- 0.4g, so quite noticeable. On a motor-scooter, you might be able to go fast enough that you would start 'orbiting internally', although wheel slip might prevent you reaching the required ~70 kph speed required. But you could definitely set a tennis ball into orbit.
Answer: The Coriolis effect would be significant, at that rotational speed, on motion along the length of the tube. The further out from the center you were in the tube, the faster the speed you would be traveling.
First, though, 'up' and 'down' would not be what you might imagine. If the tube were one long corridor, from one end of the tube to the other,  then 'up' would not be towards the center of the tube, and 'down' would not be towards the ends of the tube. 'Up' would be towards the 'ceiling' wall of the tube, and 'down' would be the side of the tube you are 'walking' on, from one end to the other. That is, 'down' would be the floor side of the tube on the opposite direction of rotational travel, and up would be the 'ceiling' side in the direction of rotational travel. But you would also have noticeable motion 'away from' the hub as well, propelling you along the floor of the tube. You would perceptually not be going 'down', you would be sliding 'sideways' along the tube. And gaining speed the further you went from the center hub. You would, however, still be sliding along what you would probably perceive as the 'floor' of the tube. Like going down a very long slide.
Throwing a ball along the length of the tube, towards the center axis of rotation, you would have to throw the ball UP towards the ceiling in order for it to go in a perceptive straight line. And even then, if the tube were long enough, it might never reach the mid-point without bouncing off the walls. In fact, if there was an atmosphere, the ball would most likely end up coming back at you. Especially if it hit the floor.
And throwing the ball from the center out to the rim, well, you would just have to let it go from your hands. It would hit the floor, and roll along the length until it hit the end of the tube.
If you wanted to throw the ball straight up in the air, you would have to aim it towards the center of the tube.
Of course, what is the 'floor' and what is the 'ceiling' of the tube would reverse at the mid-point.
That being said, if the tube is not accelerating or decelerating in the direction of travel, it would make no difference if the tube were rotating like a propeller, or tumbling. The reference frame for 'not rotating' would be the center of the hub, and it would be the point where a ball that is dropped would not go anywhere. You would be in the realm of Newtonian physics, where everything would be going at the same rest speed.
If the tube suddenly started to accelerate in the direction of travel, however, you might want to not be a batter in a baseball game. It would put a whole new definition to 'curve ball'. If the tube were rotating like a propeller, a ball thrown along the tube would be seen to be heading for the walls. If the tube were tumbling, it would seem to be picking up speed along the length of the tube, towards whichever end of the tube was 'away from' the direction of acceleration at that particular moment. At 4 rpm, every 15 seconds it would reverse direction like some spirograph pattern.
So no, tumbling in a tube in the direction of travel would NOT be a good idea, if you were accelerating, and trying to play baseball.
Comment: At the end you would get about 8 m/s toward the end and 10 m/s to the side?
Comment: I did not notice that you had limited the length of the tube to 100 meters. I was thinking in terms of a longer tube. My first impression was that 100 meters was the diameter of the tube. I have not done the math, but ballpark calculations indicate your numbers might be correct. Since the diameter of the tube is not specified, I can not predict how much deflection to the side until it hit the tube.  The ball would only gain a velocity when it contacted the side. The side of the tube would be going at the calculated speed with respect to the ball and the hub.
Comment: But it seems reasonable that the side values would be larger than the end values. If the tube were a bat, and it was swinging at the ball, the ball would go off on a tangent to the bat arc, not in the direction of the axis of the bat length (towards the end of the bat). The ball would perceptually (from the perspective of the bat) appear to go in a vector at an angle to the bat, in a direction towards the 'top' of the bat but more so away from the side of the bat towards the outfield. Unless it was a 'pop fly'. The Coriolis effect is entirely perceptual, not mechanical.


$k$-linear $\infty$ stable categories and dg categories

Question: This question is related to this question, where I asked about the relation between the derived category of a fiber product $Y \times_Z W$ and the push out of the diagram of derived categories one obtains considering the pullback functors. It was pointed out to me that it was proven by Ben-Zvi, Francis and Nadler, arXiv:0805.0157, that if we consider the derived fiber product, then (under some assumptions) we have an equivalence $QC(Y \times_Z W) \simeq QC(Y) \otimes_{QC(Z)} QC(W)$ where $QC(-)$ denotes the $\infty$ stable category of quasi coherent sheaves and the tensor product is computed in the $\infty$ category of presentable $\infty$ categories with morphisms given by left adjoints. As I am interested in characteristic zero, the formalism of $k$ linear $\infty$ stable categories is equivalent to that of pretriangulated dg categories. I would like to restate the above result in the formalism of pretriangulated dg categories, but I am having some problems doing it. The categories need to be substituted with dg enhancements of the triangulated categories of quasi coherent sheaves and functors of $\infty$ categories need to be substituted with quasi functors, but what is the counterpart of the tensor product? I tried having a look at the paper by Cohn, arXiv:1208.2587, where the equivalence between $k$ linear $\infty$ stable and pretriangulated dg is proven, and as far as I understand one needs to replace one of the two dg categories by a flat dg category. However, I don't understand what being flat for a dg category means, as in the cited paper the definition is given for spectral categories. Would anyone be able to shed some light on this tensor product for me? Thanks.
Answer: The derived tensor product of dg-categories was explored
by Toën, see his article
The homotopy theory of dg-categories and derived Morita theory,
in particular, Section 4, where Toën explains how to derive the tensor product of dg-categories.
Answer: For a dg-category $\mathcal C$, being flat means that all enriched Hom's are flat (as k-modules). In other words, for every two objects $a,b$, one requires that the functor $\mathcal C(x,y)\otimes-$ preserve quasi-isomorphisms.
See e.g. http://www.mi-ras.ru/~akuznet/dgcat/Keller%20On%20differential%20graded%20categories.pdf
But you are interested in a relative tensor product? In this case I guess that the definition of $\mathcal C$ being flat over $\mathcal A$ (when one has a dg-functor $\mathcal A\to\mathcal C$) is that $\mathcal C$ is flat as an $\mathcal A$-module, that is $\mathcal C\otimes_{\mathcal A}-:\mathcal A-mod\to\mathcal C-mod$ preserves weak-equivalences and colimits.


How Long do I have to wait

Question: I am a pumpkin spice porter; I am going straight to a keg. After I add my priming sugar will the CO2 carbonate my beer so i can drink it immediatly
Answer: It will take around 2 weeks at room temp after you prime your keg for it to be carbed and ready.  After you prime it, apply some CO2 from your tank to seal the keg so that the CO2 produced by priming doesn't escape.

How Long do I have to wait


sharepoint online list form opens in new tab, how do I change that?

Question: I have a sharepoint online site with a list in it. Whenever I try to add an item to the list it opens a new window for the form. How do I change it so the form opens on the right side of the same window?
Comment: Are you using modern experience and list? Are you trying to open the new item from list view or any site page? is there any customization on list view/page
Answer: Navigate to list settings->Advanced settings->Choose "No" under "Launch forms in a dialog", then when you click new item, it will open it in a tab instead of a windows dialog.


2 Ethernet Ports and a FPGA

Question: I need to develop an Ethernet encryption scheme. All that needs to be done is take the input on Ethernet and encrypt the packets and send them out the output Ethernet. Is there ANY way I could do this for $35 a piece? How about $50?
Comment: -1 for "Drink deep ... the Pierian Spring" fail. +1 for "All that needs to be done ..." :-). Overall, a wash.
Comment: How fast does it need to be? 10/100/1G/10G? Also, what encryption, AES, 3DES or something else?
Comment: Any. Preferably 100 MBps with public key encryption.
Comment: How do you plan on decrypting the packets? Perhaps it would be easier to utilze existing VPN technologies such as IPsec or L2TP via some sort of embedded linux platform / board instead of going the FPGA route.
Comment: @Craig with software. I would only encrypt the content of the packets, not the 16 byte Ethernet header. So it would still work with traditional switches and computers. They wouldn't be able to decipher the **content** of the packets.
Answer: I have a lot of concerns with this project, so let me brutally honest here.  When it comes to cryptography the most dangerous thing is for someone who doesn't know about it to try implementing it.  And honestly, you don't know about it.  I say that because of your lack of caring about what encryption algorithm is used.  I also don't think that you really know the computational resources required for public/private key encryption.
Even if you chose the correct encryption algorithm, and implemented it perfectly, that doesn't mean your device is secure.  Most encryption security breaches are not from someone doing a brute force attack on the key, but from something else that is much easier and has nothing to do with the algorithm used.  For example, if you encrypt the ethernet packet headers then you'll have better security, but you won't be able to send this data through a standard ethernet switch and/or layer 3 router.  If you don't encrypt the headers then you're opening yourself up to a form of analysis and attack that could give someone information even without breaking the encryption.
A book that I highly recommend is Applied Cryptography.  It talks about lots of issues with cryptography, and also goes through a lots of algorithms.  It is a little dated in that it doesn't cover AES, but it does talk about many hash algorithms, DES, and public/private key encryption.
Ok, now on to your real question:  Can it be done for $35/each?  Absolutely!  Can YOU do it for $35/each?  Well, I can't answer that.  You simply didn't give us enough information.  For starters, is this a hobby project or something that will be made in volume?  What is your case/chassis going to be?  How is this going to be controlled, via LCD and buttons?
If you are only building two of these things then it is going to be very hard to get the price down to $35.  It would actually be hard to get the price down below $250.  But even in volumes of around 2K/year I would estimate that the PCB+parts would be in the $30-35 range and that doesn't factor in the cost of labor, a chassis, or an AC/DC power supply.  Also, there might be cheaper ways to do this that don't use an FPGA.
Comment: @unixman83 TI has an ARM Cortex A8 CPU with dual GigE Ports and costs about $10 in quantity.  Other companies make similar things.  Here's a link to the TI version:  http://www.ti.com/product/am3357
Comment: David, iirc they add functions to accelerate AES key scheduling and the round function.
Comment: What are the cheaper ways? In creating an internet content filter, I simply need to obfuscate the packets so only my software can read them. This prevents teenagers from getting around the software by hacking it or removing it. The only hardware will be a simple Ethernet plug that encrypts packets.
Comment: Oh, the TI parts also have what they call a "Crypto accelerator", whatever that means.
Comment: @DavidKessner Thanks for the knowledgeable answer. I like the TI ARM CPU. We're probably going for a software only solution for now but I'll keep that link handy if things change.
Answer: The lowest cost hardware with two ethernet ports and some processing power between would be two PIC 18 67J60 connected together.  Each has it's own ethernet interface, and they could communicate using their built in UARTs between them on the same board.  The parts cost should be under $20 for the two PICs, two transformers, two RJ-45 jacks, and the board.  If you already have regfulated 3.3 V available it needn't be much more than that.
That setup is certainly capable of passing packets from one port to the other and applying some sort of modification in between.  Whether is is fast enough for what you have in mind we don't know.  That all depends on how complicated your encryption algorithm is and what data thruput you expect.
You say you are only dealing with packets at the ethernet level.  If that is really true, then something like this might work.  Without a full blown TCP stack, the chips should be able to handle a higher data rate.  However, have you really thought this thru?  How do you know which packets to encrypt without at lest some analysis at a higher level?  You could transform only TCP/IP packets, for example.  That's easy enough to detect, but do you really want to scramble the whole packet, including the TCP header?  What about the IP header?  If you scramble that, how are your packets going to get routed?  It doesn't sound like you've really thought this out all the way.  Hardware to do this is probably the least of your problems.
How about a PC with two network cards?
Comment: The PIC that you specify does 10.5 MIPS, which is less than 1 instruction/byte at full 100 mbps speed and at half duplex.  Full duplex would be twice as bad.  My _GUESS_ is that this solution would only be able to achieve 10 mbps sustained, best case, and could be much worse.  The problem is that if the PIC receives a burst of more than 8 kbytes at 100 mbps then it will start dropping packets.  What's the likelihood of getting such a burst?  Extremely high, in my experience, given how this device would be used.
Comment: @David: Right, I mentioned this as the cheapest solution I know, definitely not the highest thruput.  The OP didn't say anything about thruput in his question.  Also, this is only 10 Mbit/s ethernet anyway, so can't get 100 Mb/s packets.  Remember, this processor is meant for small embedded systems.
Comment: Silly me.  The docs say "Fully Compatible with 10/100/1000Base-T networks", which I interpreted to mean that it does 10/100/1000 mbps.  The problem of dropped packets still remains, but the packets would be dropped at the 100/1Gig switch instead of the PIC.
Comment: @David: Yes, it's fully compatible if you put a switch as a converter in between.  Technically it's fully compatible in that the higher rates are only if both devices agree.  100 Mb/s devices have to be able to do 10 Mb/s.  It's just like saying you're "USB 2.0" compatible even if you only do 12 Mb/s.  It's a bit misleading but technically correct.  10 Mb/s is a lot of data for a small embedded system, so that's not a limitation in actual use.

2 Ethernet Ports and a FPGA


Can a minor get a copyright registered in India?

Question: Can a person below 18 register copyright in India?
Comment: Does India have a concept of "registering copyright"? I always thought that's something specific to USA. We know no such thing in Europe's law.
Comment: @ planetmaker [WIPO](https://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/) says: "Most countries nonetheless have a system in place to allow for the voluntary registration of works. Such voluntary registration systems can help solve disputes over ownership or creation, as well as facilitate financial transactions, sales, and the assignment and/or transfer of rights." India has copyright registration,
Answer: I have found no evidence to suggest that a citizen under the age of 18 can't hold, or register for copyright in India.

The copyright rules (http://copyright.gov.in/Copyright_Rules_2013/index.html) do not seem to impose any restrictions which would prevent persons of any certain age from holding a copyright.
The e-registration page (http://copyright.gov.in/UserRegistration/frmLoginPage.aspx) for registering a copyright does not seem to impose any age requirements, but it does require the person to setup an account. The account registration page (http://copyright.gov.in/UserRegistration/frmNewUser.aspx) does not seem to impose any age requirements. The site terms of use (http://copyright.gov.in/termsCondition.aspx) do not seem to impose any age restrictions for using the site or it's services.
The registration form "Application Form for Registration of Copyright (Form-XIV)" (http://copyright.gov.in/frmformsDownload.aspx) does not seem to impose any age requirements.


How can I load a webpage in a java console application and click a button in that webpage programatically?

Question: I want to load a webpage in a Java console application, fill some text fields, and submit it by clicking a submit button. Is there any Java library available for doing this?
Earlier I tried loading an IE object using powershell from a Java program. It worked well in some cases but I was getting some problems while loading webpages with multiple iframes, so I had to drop that approach and try thinking of a solution fully in Java.
Comment: What's `L`? Is it a typo?
Comment: ah.. i didn't notice that.
Answer: You can use a testing library like http://htmlunit.sourceforge.net/ which can automate clicks etc. on web pages.
Or instead, you can just send the wanted HTTP request (that would have been sent in the browser) directly in Java.
Comment: Thanks .. It looks better than my powershell approach but i am little worried about its dependencies..
Answer: Just use Selenium, it's the usual way of automating browser interaction.
You simply create a WebDriver:
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();

And navigate to a page:
driver.get("http://google.com");

You can the select elements by id:
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("coolestWidgetEvah"));

By class:
List<WebElement> cheeses = driver.findElements(By.className("cheese"));

Or even by XPath if the above two approaches don't suit you:
List<WebElement> inputs = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input"));

There are many other ways to find elements on the page and to interact with the page.  These examples are all taken from the Selenium Documentation which I suggest you read.
Comment: Thanks Boris .. I think this is the kind of solution that I was looking for.


changing mapset in cmd

Question: can anyone suggest me for changing mapset from current location using command prompt.I have compiled the grass gis 6.4.4 and when ever i want to use the commands every time i am opening gui and setting the mapset and location. without starting grass gui, i want to run my module. is it possible? And i have one more query regarding the mapset.my module is every time it is looking for same mapset and i have to load that only, but i want to test it for other data of different region. even if i change mapset and location in gui , libgrassgis-dll missing it is showing and not working.without grass gui i want to run it.may i know where the problem is and is?
Answer: Have you seen this command?
g.mapset
Answer: You can certainly start GRASS without the gui:
<code>grass64 -text
</code>
Furthermore, you can run GRASS in batch mode without actually "starting" the program at all. If you prepare a bash script which sets up the required environment, then you can have GRASS commands run without the GRASS interface at all.
Full details in the grass wiki

changing mapset in cmd


How to accurately calculate size in image using relations and a reference

Question: OK so the relation math is easy enough.
If you know the size of an object, say a 12" ruler in the image, and you put the ruler flat against another object like a door. You take a picture of the door with the ruler.
The ruler is 12in, and is found to be 120px tall in the image. the door is found to be 1200px, which when you do the easy math, is 10ft, or 120in.
However that is not how it works, in reality the image has some form of distortion, so a direct relation will not work. It has something to do with gathering light, and focal points/lengths or something. What do I need to account for to make this relationship work?
what we have so far
<code>(12in / 120px) = (unknownHeight / 1200px)
(12in / 120px) * 1200px = unkownHeight
0.1ppi * 1200px = 120in or 10ft
</code>
But in reality if the ruler is 12in and 120px, the 10ft door will be like 1100px, so we need to account for like the lens or something?
What am I missing?
Thanks!
Comment: google "photogrammetry" and begin your journey into the complex world of "the science of making measurements from photographs."
Answer: Yes, the problem is that lenses distort the image from the simple parallel projection you would need to keep the math that simple.
Fortunately, the math and data to correct lens distortions are readily available.  Some post-processing software can identify the lens and its settings from the image metadata and, using lens reference data, apply corrections to remove as much distortion as possible.
Answer: If you had a finer grid, you could measure the object using the image of the ruler, even if it's seen in a fun-house mirror. If the cm marks are 1t pixels apart on one end and 8 px apart on the other end, it's no sweat if you count N actual marks in the image across the object.
If you don't have the ruler adjacent to the object, but measure various featues at all angles all, over the plane, put 2 rulers at right angles. It's apparent what you do if you use 4 rulers, in a rectangle around the object. Connect lines accross opposite rulers to make a grid, even if the near and far rulers are different sizes: the drawn grid can be used to measure your feature.
Comment: Your grid will be made up of curve lines between rulers that are curved.


Object rotates when Copy Location Constraint enabled

Question: Blend file

I have a character that picks up an object using the Child Of Constraint, turns and then releases the object at an Empty using the Copy Location Constraint. When the Copy Location is enabled the object rotates. I'm trying to keep the object at the same orientation as when the character releases the object. Thank you for any help on this.
Answer: So let me make sure I understand what's happening: through frame 100 (ish, can't see really well) you're using a child-of constraint, then at frame 101 you set the influence to 0 of the child-of, and set the influence of the copy location constraint to 1.0?
It's not the copy location constraint that is rotating the object.  It's the fact that the object is no longer under the influence of the child-of constraint.  At frame 100, that child of constraint is creating rotation on the object, inherited from the target of the child of.  At frame 101, that constraint becomes inactive, and it loses that rotation all at once.
How to fix? If you haven't already, start by keyframing rotation for the object on frame 100.  Then, go to frame 101.  Set the influence of the child-of constraint to 1.0.  In the 3D window, apply visual transform (from ctrl-a menu for me) and keyframe rotation.  The object will jump momentarily; don't worry about it.  Then set the influence of the child-of constraint back to 0.0.  The object will have the same rotation it would have as if it were a child-of, but without needing the child-of to get it.
Comment: @Robin Betts I wouldn't say more typical, although yes, you can do that.  Copy transforms (and others) can be useful, because they actually can interpolate properly through the 0-1 influence over multiple frames, whereas a child-of basically never will, so there are reasons to use different kinds of constraints.
Comment: I'm no expert in this area.. is it more typical / expected, to hand over from one child-of to another child-of?
Comment: Ahhh! Thanks! Exactly what I needed, a reason to do one rather than the other.
Comment: @Nathan - Thank you for the explanation. That makes more sense. I followed your fix and got the animation to work properly for the release at the end, but now when the object is unconstrained at the beginning of the animation (frames 0-15) my object is not in the pickup position anymore. It's in the release position until the Child Of is enabled at frame 16. Then the animation works great. Not sure where I went wrong.
Answer: Quite simply, the copy location constraint does not copy the rotation of the person. I would recommend using the child of constraint instead.
Comment: I actually am using the Child Of Constraint and then releasing it when the character arrives in its final position. The object does rotate correctly with the character, but when I release the Child Of and use the Copy Location (of the Empty) Constraint to keep the object in its place, I get a shift in its rotation.
Answer: In the end the best solution for my situation was to add a Copy Rotation Constraint to my object in addition to the Copy Location Constraint and then I rotated my target Empty to match my object's intended resting orientation.


Coin flips to select random variables, and the expected value

Question: Suppose I flip a coin until I get the first head, say on the $i^{\mathrm{th}}$ flip. When that happens, I sample a random variable $x_i$ whose expected value is $\mu_i$. This process (flipping the coin and then sampling the random variable) is itself a random variable; is there enough information here to determine the expected value of this random variable?
Answer: There is enough information. If the coin lands on heads with probability $p$, the probability of selecting $x_i$ is $p(1-p)^{i-1}$, and by linearity of expectation we have the expectation of the overall random variable as
$$\sum_{i=1}^\infty p(1-p)^{i-1}\mu_i$$
Comment: Ah, yes. I agree. I read the question wrong. (:
Answer: The probability of fliping $i-1$ tails followed by a head is $\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^i$, at which point you'd expect outcome $\mu_i$ on average from the corresponding $x_i$. Overall:
$$\displaystyle E[X] = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} \left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^i \cdot \mu_i$$


Is it normal for a 12-week old puppy to occasionally vomit while in the crate at night?

Question: I was wondering what other owner's experiences are with a roughly 12-week old puppy occasionally vomiting- but only while in the crate at night?  Is this caused by some type stress from being in the crate- maybe anxious about needing to go to potty?  This has only happened a few times while in the crate at night and a few times outside of it a couple of weeks ago while we were trying different foods but now I've consistently been feeding him one type of food for the last five days.  His stools are normal and so is his appetite- in fact, after vomiting in the crate this morning and then coming inside after going potty, he was sitting down in the usual spot we use ready for his feeding toy this morning.  He's also been on steroids and antibiotics for the last four days for a hot-spot we are treating- perhaps that has something to do with the recent vomiting in the crate at night?
Comment: I just called the vet and they said that the vomiting isn't typically attributable to the steroid or antibiotic- but they did say continue to monitor and bring him for another check-up if the issue persists.
Answer: There might be more behind this, so in either case trust your vet more than me as a random stranger on the net.
It's totally possible the vomiting is connected to normal digestion/instinctive behavior:
Assuming the vomit is some color between yellow and light brown and mostly consists of liquid and foam with potentially a few small bits of leftover food or hair, it's most likely just a symptom of acid reflux, which isn't necessarily symptom of another issue but possibly just that: too much acid.
Dogs can produce a lot of very aggressive digestive acid (which is also there to potentially dismantle chewed bits of bones and cartilages). If the dog hasn't eaten anything for a certain time, this can become just too much for their stomach. The solution for the animal is to vomit the excess.
So assuming your vet doesn't find any other believable cause for this, consider when you feed your dog during the day. How many hours are there between some food (drinking water doesn't count) and the vomiting in the morning? 8, 9, 10 hours? More?
Get some small treats – some small pieces of dried meat (or just regular dog food) can be enough – and feed them right before going to bed (you can come up with some small training unit or whatever, that's completely up to you). You shouldn't have to overdo this and don't have to either. Even just a few bits can help a lot to give the puppy's stomach enough to do during the night and morning to completely avoid the vomiting.
Also just as a minor note, you can't prevent the vomiting by feeding something when you think the dog wants to vomit. That's typically too late already. Dogs might want to chew on long blades of regular grass to help getting everything out, which is completely normal. Let the whole thing play out, wait a bit, then feed a reasonable amount, ideally something easy to digest (cooked chicken, rice, and similar).
Comment: @alexanderjsingleton Great! And don't worry, these are those tiny things every dog owner stumbles over some time or another (this behavior won't go away with maturity).
Comment: I asked the same question in reddit/puppy 101 and most of the replies concurred with your assessment, so I tried it for the last two nights: I've given him two mini milk-bones before bed and he hasn't had any incidents of overnight vomiting.  Apparently, these symptoms are consistent with bilious vomit syndrome.  Thank you for your help.  If the problem persists, I'll be sure to schedule an appointment with the vet.


Add RecyclerView body

Question: Can I use RecyclerView as a parent element for other views declared in XML?
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView ... >
    <TextView ... />
    <ImageView ... />
</android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>

Something like this. I need this in order to get my collapsing toolbar working with main content on my activity.
Answer: You have to use a RecyclerView.Adapter with RecyclerView.
But items in RecyclerView.Adapter can have different viewType just like ListView.
With this feature you can achieve something like HeaderView in RecyclerView and FooterView in RecyclerView, and make these views scroll with your items.
Comment: Thank you, I was expecting something like that.
Answer: No, You can't add any child view inside Recycler View. See the example https://github.com/javatechig/Android-RecyclerView-Example.
Answer: Create separate .xml file (e.g. single_recycler_view_row.xml)
and use it to build layout for single RecyclerView item.
Then you need to create an adapter and pass single_recycler_view_row.xml as a parameter.
To make sure that your RecyclerView works well with CollapsingToolbarLayout add
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />

attribute to RecyclerView.

Add RecyclerView body


Good resources on the intersection of probability theory and logic from a foundations/philosophical perspective?

Question: What are some good books, courses, or online resources for probability theory that highlights differences between classical, frequentist, Bayesian, epistemic etc.? I majored in philosophy and am now transitioning to Data Science. As an undergrad, I focused on logic, epistemology, philosophy of mind,  and the philosophy of science. As I delve deeper into statistics, I think reading a book from the perspective of mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics would help me understand stats and probability at a level that connects with my previous education.  I may not have "mathematical maturity", but I have had to write rigorous logical proofs about very similar subjects. So I would say I have at least an intermediate level of philosophical maturity.  Does anyone know of any books by mathematicians that focus on this topic in a logical, abstract, and conceptual way?
Comment: I don't think you want a mathematical logic book. You want a straight philosophy book, albeit one written by someone familiar with modern probability theory.
Comment: I am more interested into looking into propositional logic from a mathematical standpoint because mathematicians do not focus as much on the meaning of the words within a proposition. This is because they are more concerned with the relationships between symbols and not the logical validity of a sentence. Of course, once you get to higher levels, formal logic in both fields begins to look more similar, as mathematicians become more concerned with philosophy/semantics and philosophers become more concerned with mathematics/symbols.
Comment: But none of that has anything to do with the epistemology of probability theory or its interpretation.
Comment: Mathematicians not concerned with "the logical validity of a sentence". Eh? You mean they don't care about what validly follows from what?? Really???
Comment: "mathematicians do not focus as much on the meaning of the words within a proposition" Um, what?
Answer: I'm not too sure that a "a book from the perspective of mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics" is going to give you what you want, if you want to know more about interpretations of probability or (rather differently) foundations of statistics. Indeed, I suspect you probably need to get clearer about what you are seeking by doing some introductory reading around. Perhaps useful places to start would be with some of the relevant articles at that rich resource, the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, e.g. on

Interpretations of Probability
Logic and Probability
Philosophy of Statistics

These all have numerous pointers to further literature.
Answer: It's by no means comprehensive with respect to probability theory, but the Schaum's outline of Logic, written by three professors of philosophy, has a section on probability theory.
Answer: Peter Smith's answer is exactly what I would recommend EXCEPT there is (at least) one book directly on the topic of probability logic: A Primer of Probability Logic, Earnest W. Adams. 1998 but being a primer that shouldn't be an issue; I haven't looked for a more recent book on this topic (yet--but now I will).


What is the implication of Schmit decomposition?

Question: According to schmidt decomposition if I have pure state $|\psi\rangle$ in the composite hilbert space $AB$ ( both $A$ and $B$ are hilbert spaces of dimension $n$ )
then it can be writen as
$$|\psi\rangle = \sum_i \lambda_i |i_A\rangle |i_B\rangle$$
here $\{i_A\}$ and  $\{i_B\}$ are orthonormal basis for hilbert spaces $A$ and $B$ respectively.
The above holds true for any  vector $|\psi\rangle$ ( if I am not wrong ) even if its not normalized ( if not normalized then $\sum_i \lambda_i^2$ wont be equal to 1 ). Thus any vector of of a space of dimension $n$ x $n$ is being written in linear combination of only $n$ orthonormal vectors ( $|i_A\rangle |i_B\rangle$ for $1 <= i <= n$ ), which should not be possible. Am I missing something or interpreting schmidt decomposition incorrectly ?
Comment: The idea is that you cannot write any $\psi$ as a different combination of the same basis, but for any $\psi$ you can choose a basis that do the job. So the dimensionality of the whole space is still $n\times n$, and it is not spanned by an $n$ dimensional basis.
Comment: It is not always the same couple of bases. The theorem says that given a vector $\psi$, it is possible to choose two bases (that depend on $\psi$) such that the result holds.
Comment: @yuggib oh I get it now, as pair of basis might differ they don't belong to a single n dimensional space. am I correct ?
Comment: @yuggib Although not a full answer, I really think these are worthwhile recording in a permanent answer as this is a key point that may be helpful to others.
Answer: Denote $|\psi\rangle = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^m \sum\limits_{j = 1}^n h_{ij} |ij\rangle$ as $|\psi\rangle \rightarrow H = (h_{ij})_{m \times n}$. Then we have the following lemma:

Lemma: Define matrix $U$ (in the original basis) as a new setting for Alice and $V$ for Bob, then a state $|\psi\rangle$ in the basis of the new settings is $U^* H V^\dagger$.
Proof:
  Denote the original bases of Alice and Bob both as $|0\rangle, |1\rangle$, the new setting as $|0_a\rangle, |1_a\rangle$ and $|0_b\rangle, |1_b\rangle$ for Alice and Bob, respectively. and so
  $$
\begin{bmatrix}
|0_a\rangle\\
|1_a\rangle
\end{bmatrix}
=
U
\begin{bmatrix}
|0\rangle\\
|1\rangle
\end{bmatrix},
\begin{bmatrix}
|0_b\rangle\\
|1_b\rangle
\end{bmatrix}
=
V
\begin{bmatrix}
|0\rangle\\
|1\rangle
\end{bmatrix}.
$$
  In this way, the state is expressed as
  $$
|\psi\rangle = [|0\rangle, |1\rangle] H \begin{bmatrix}
|0\rangle\\
|1\rangle
\end{bmatrix} =
[|0_a\rangle, |1_a\rangle] (U^\dagger)^T  H V^\dagger\begin{bmatrix}
|0_b\rangle\\
|1_b\rangle
\end{bmatrix},
$$
  Thus, in the basis of new setting, the state is expressed as $U^* H V^\dagger$.

Linear algebra tells us that: Given a matrix $H$, there are some unitary matrices $U,V$ such that $U^* H V^\dagger$ is a diagonal matrix. So, given any state $|\psi\rangle$, there are some basses $|0_a\rangle, |0_b\rangle$ such that $|\psi\rangle$ can be expressed as a diagonal matrix ${\rm Diag}(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\cdots,\lambda_n)$, that is,
$$
|\psi\rangle = \sum_i \lambda_i |0_a\rangle |0_b\rangle.
$$
Obviously, $|0_a\rangle, |0_b\rangle$ may be different for different $|\psi\rangle$.
Answer: As suggested by WSA aka RV, I copy my comments into a (partial) answer.
The key point is that the theorem says "for any given $\psi$ there exist two bases $\{i_A\}$ and $\{i_B\}$ such that...". This means that the choice of the bases depends on the vector $\psi$ we are considering.
So there is not an $n$ dimensional common basis that span the whole $n\times n$ space; and if we would be very precise we may write the formula as
$$\psi= \sum_{i=1}^n \lambda_i(\psi)i_A(\psi)\otimes i_B(\psi) \; ,$$
i.e. clarifying the $\psi$-dependence of the bases (and coefficients obviously).


"I want him arrested." Is "arrested" a participle that act as an adjective modifying "him"?

Question: A participle act as an adjective. But adjective mostly come before noun. This sentence only has pronoun. And "arrested" comes after pronoun. If "arrested" does not act as an adjective, What is its function in this case?
Answer: There is a small group of verbs that can take an object followed by an adjective: examples include make, get and consider. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, want is one of these words, and it also specifies that the adjective can be a past participle or a present participle:

I want these curtains cleaned - past participle
  I don't want him hanging around here - present participle

Looking at your sentence:

I want him arrested

him is the object of the verb, and arrested is a past participle that describes the state you want him to be in.
Comment: It may be helpful to think of this as short for "I want him **to be** arrested." Regardless, this is a good and correct answer.


Window settings for Google Maps widget

Question: I've got a plain-vanilla google maps widget sitting in a page and I'd like it if the driving directions opened up in a new window instead of taking over the current window.  Is there a setting for this?
Answer: The driving directions go into whatever HTML element you specify as the second argument when you construct the GDirections object. So I guess that means you'd have to create the window before you create the GDirections object, which is likely not what you want.
The other thing that jumps out, looking at the documentation, is that you can call the load() method with the option getSteps = true. It's not clear what the "steps" data looks like, but I assume it essentially comes back as an HTML string. (Actually, it's not even clear how you get the data in the first place, but I assume it's GDirections.getSteps() or something similar.) So then when the "load" event happens, you can create the new window then put the "steps" data in it.

Window settings for Google Maps widget


Check engine light turns off after jump start

Question: So basically there has been a check engine light on my car for almost 2 weeks now. I took a risk today and went out with freinds to get food. My freind accidentally left the door open which left the light on in the car.  It died and we had a freind come to jump start it. I noticed an hour later that the check engine light is no longer on. I now know that my car had low voltage but did jump starting the car give it a temporary fix or did I just mess up my whole car?
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair!
Answer: Not knowing what the check engine light was for or what kind of car, I can only surmise what that issue is, but, but your car needing a jump start, the battery was depleted to need this. This caused the ECU (Engine Control Unit) to be blanked, erasing the codes which caused the check engine light in the first place, and thus turning the check engine light off.
I'd give it a high probability this is only a temporary situation. More than likely, once the system catches up with itself, the problem will rear its head again and the CEL will come back on.


Whats the difference in this sentence?

Question: If we write a sentence "She ousted the maid vs. She has ousted the maid". Why use HAS. Is meaning the same? Action has happened.
Comment: "has ousted" sounds more like something a long time ago or repeating, like "she has outsted the maids when they were tardy", vs just "she ousted the maid" sounds recent and topical, like a new development.
Comment: Welcome to ELU. Please visit [ell.se] Good Luck.
Answer: They have similar meaning and often can be used interchangeably but they are not exactly the same.
"She ousted ..." is past tense and describes action in the past.
"She has ousted ..." is present perfect. It describes her present state as a result of a past action.
Answer: Use the simple past tense "ousted" when there's a definite time expression.
* She ousted the maid (yesterday).
Use the present perfect tense "has ousted" when there's no definite time expression.
* She has ousted the maid.
Answer: These contexts might help you see the difference:
"What did she do yesterday at 2:00?"
"She ousted the maid."
or
"For weeks, she has been saying angry things about the maid. I'm curious now--has she ousted the maid?"
"Yes. She has ousted the maid."
"When did she do it?"
"She ousted the maid at 2:00."

Whats the difference in this sentence?


Android - Set contents to a Tab (Fragment)

Question: I'm new to android and I can't seem to find practical reference to this very simple problem:

I have a New Empty project, with 3 tabs.
I managed to add ActionbarSherlock for compatibility (though it's not relevant at this instance).

I have an array of items (plain text) I want to list on the 1st tab, and I need to know how to update the Tab on runtime.
This is the code I have for the Fragments Section (created by default by Android SDK):
<code>public static class sectionFragment extends Fragment {
    /**
     * The fragment argument representing the section number for this
     * fragment.
     */
    public static final String ARG_SECTION_NUMBER = "section_number";

    public sectionFragment() {}

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main,container, false);
        TextView textView = (TextView) rootView.findViewById(R.id.section_label);
        textView.setText(Integer.toString(getArguments().getInt(ARG_SECTION_NUMBER)));
        return rootView;
    }

}
</code>
(this is the default class. I didn't touch it, yet. It will simply add a 1, 2 and 3 to each tab, as dummy contents.)
How can I add content (listView) to the first tab?
How do I reach the instance (element) of one of the Tabs?
Please, don't suggest completely different approaches (I'm having a bad time with this already). Follow my idea and help me reach this simple goal.
Answer: In this case, use Fragment Transaction


My 2014 dodge journey is leaking coolant in cabin

Question: My 2014 dodge journey is leaking coolant on the driver side floor board and not sure if it's the heater core or what exactly it is
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair!
Answer: If you are leaking coolant into the cabin, the only place for it to come from is from the heater core. It is probably following the path of least resistance and flowing out to the driver's side of the HVAC box.
On a separate note, are you sure it is coolant, or is it just liquid? If it is just liquid (no coolant smell, feels/looks like water), it could be condensation from the A/C evaporator core (in the same general area as the heater core). If the heater core is leaking, you would most likely smell it before you'd feel it on your feet, plus the vehicle would most likely be overheating due to a lack of pressure in the system and loss of coolant.
Usually the condensation collects in the bottom of the HVAC box which has a drain hole in it, and flows out through a drain tube which goes through the body of the vehicle and out onto the ground. If this drain becomes plugged, the condensation will build up and then find it's way out onto your shoes.