GreenGeeks versus WebFaction for Web mapping

Question: Am looking into choosing a hosting service to test out and ultimately deploy a web mapping service. I want to test out Mapserver, Geoserver, Geonode and Ushahidi towards making a decision so looking into a hosting service. Does anyone have any advice/experience with GreenGeeks or WebFaction ?
Comment: FWIW, I've used WebFaction for hosting for years now, and they are a great company with fantastic support. Everyone there is very savvy and a human replies to tickets very promptly. Their tech stack is top notch as well and they don't shove 5,000 sites onto a shared server either. I'm pretty sure you can install just about anything as well.
Comment: Thanks a lot for your comment, I've had similar positive comments for Webfaction. It seems to be going higher up my list. Thanks again
Answer: Short answer
Short answer, consider an entry-level VPS service provider. I am using Host1Plus (silver plan) for basic VPS hosting, and Contabo for more resource intensive deployments. Other popular options include DigitalOcean and Linode. All of these providers have options for $5-$15/month.
Longer answer
Mapserver, Geoserver, Geonode, and Ushahidi all have different system requirements. Most of them need more resources and/or user permissions than are often available shared hosts. This means that you might have difficulty trying these applications on a shared host, such as GreenGeeks or WebFaction.
Mapserver and Geonode
Mapserver and Geonode will probably require a VPS service, as mentioned in the short answer. This is primarily because of installation and system resource requirements.
Mapserver installation is non-trivial, and I have never had success with that one.
Geonode has great packaging for Ubuntu 12.04 (at the time of writing). It also has really high server requirements (recommending 6Gb of RAM). For Geonode, you might consider a VPS provider such as Contabo.
Geoserver
I have successfully installed Geoserver on WebFaction, so this might be a viable option for you as well.
Basically, follow the WebFaction community instructions for installing the Tomcat server, then follow the Geoserver WAR installation instructions.
Ushahidi
Ushahidi 2.x will run on most shared hosts. I have successfully installed Ushahidi on GreenGeeks, for example. All it needs is PHP and a MySQL database to run. Follow the Ushahidi installation guide on your shared host.


Mantaflow not going hires

Question: I'm using the blender 2.81 mantaflow beta build and, I've set up a smoke scene and, as I understand it, the "Noise" setting is the equivalent of the "High Resolution" setting before so, when I check noise and bake the sim, the fire and smoke disappears and then when I uncheck it, it reappears. Why is it doing this?
Comment: Is mantaflow included with 2.80? are you using a plugin, or does blender 2.81 come included with mantaflow, finally?
Comment: You have to go to blender.org>download blender 2.80>get blender experimental(bottom of page)>then click on the "experimental branches" link below the blue "new features and changes" button.
Answer: Sorry guys, I figured out the answer but wanted to post this to help others. You need to bake the noise as well before you can see the result.

Mantaflow not going hires


Temperature Dependence of The Conductivity of Electrolytic Solutions

Question: I have learned in my chemistry text books that the conductivity of electrolytic solutions increase with the increasing of temperature because the ions of electrolytic solution move faster by getting more thermal energy. But a question arose in my mind if there exist any mathematical equation which can describe the conductivity of electrolytic solutions as a function of temperature. I searched about it on internet but I got nothing satisfactory. Does any equation exist which can model the electrolytic conductivity as a function of temperature?
Comment: I suppose there would be just some empirical equations, applicable just for particular cases.
Answer: One useful approximate relationship that can be used to predict the temperature dependence of the conductivity can be obtained by relating the electrical mobility to the viscosity.
For a $z_+:z_-$ electrolyte the limiting molar conductivity can be expressed as
$$\Lambda^\circ _m =  F^2\left(\frac{z_+^2\nu_+}{f_+} + \frac{z_-^2\nu_-}{f_-}  \right)$$
where the $f_i$ are frictional coefficients  for each ion, z is the ionic charge, $\nu$ is the stoichiometric coefficient, and F is the Faraday constant (for instance, for $\ce{Al2O3}$, $z_+=3$,$\nu_+=2$,$z_-=2$,and $\nu_-=3$.
The frictional coefficients can be related to the viscosity, for instance using Stokes' relation $f=6\pi \eta r$ for a sphere being driven through a uniform viscous medium with a low Reynold's number. From the temperature dependence of the viscosity, and assuming the ion radii are independent of T, you can derive a relation for the T dependence of the limiting conductivity:
$$\Lambda^\circ _m = \frac{F^2}{6\pi\eta (T)}\left(\frac{z_+^2\nu_+}{r_+} + \frac{z_-^2\nu_-}{r_-} \right)$$
The equations so far apply to dilute solutions where the viscosity is independent of the concentration of electrolyte and ion-ion interactions can be neglected.
Note that even simpler theories predict a somewhat complex dependence of the molar conductivity on temperature. One can however attempt to fit an expression inspired by those above, of the sort
$$\Lambda _m = A \times \eta (T)^{-1} $$
where A is assumed independent of T. This might work over a narrow T range and could be used to assess the importance of ion-ion interactions.
Comment: Thanks for your answer. But I haven't understood what 'z' means in your answer. Does it mean valency? Please make it clear with some examples. And do you mean Faraday's constant with 'F'? And is this formula only applicable for limiting molar conductivity but not for any molar conductivity? Please make me clear about these.
Comment: @Md.HasibulHossain Please see the modifications to the answer.
Comment: What does 'z' represent in that equation? Please explain that term with some examples. Suppose, what is the value of 'z' for Al₂O₃?
Comment: Thanks for editing your answer and making it clear.
Answer: Conductor are generally two types .Electronic conductor and electrolytic conductor. In case of electronic conductor conduction occur by moving of free electron but in case of electrolytic conductor the conduction occur by moving of ions. so with increasing the temperature, in case of electrolytes the solvent jacket surrounding the ions are destroyed as a result mobility if ions increase and conductivity increase.
From Debye Huckle limiting law
K=√((F .  I)/(∈ R T))
K^(-1)= distance of and central ion and solvent jacket.
as temperature increase than distance increase so ionic interaction decrease , mobility increase , conductivity increase.


How to use tinygps.h library to measure distance? using NEO6mv2

Question: any reference site for the format code for tinygps.h to measure distance?
or any codes for tinygps.h for measuring distance i'm just a beginner in learning arduino thank you
Comment: Do you know Pythagoras's theorem?
Answer: You don't use the tinygps.h library to measure distance. You use the tinygps.h library to get coordinates. Over short distances those coordinates (longitude and latitude) can be equated to x,y coordinates on a plane (over greater distance - hundreds or thousands of miles - it gets a whole lot more complex).
Two sets of x,y coordinates form a line. A line is one side of a right-angled triangle (the hypotenuse).
Pythagoras (remember him from math class? That rubbish you thought you'd never need? Well, now you do...) says that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
You know the other two sides - they're just the difference between the two x coordinates and the two y coordinates.
We're not going to write the code for you, and Google is probably better at finding websites with example code on than we are.
Comment: thanks man appreciate it :D
by the way can i use this format code?
float X = ((long2 - long1) * 24901 * cos(lat1)) / 360.0
float Y = ((lat2 - lat1) * 24860) / 360.0
float X2 = X * X;
float Y2 = Y * Y;
float Distance = sqrt(X2 + Y2);

also how to define to my arduino that i set Lon1 Lat1 is equal to my desired gps coordinates should i used long or const or float sorry for many question


How to get to this quest marker in Witcher 3?

Question: I'm on top of the mountain, the sign says it's below me, but there's nothing but snow on either side of the mountain. A cave perhaps, but where?
Comment: If it's the same place I'm thinking of, you get to it via a cave, but I managed to glitch up the side of the mountain with some luck. It took me like 10 minutes though of careful movement.
Comment: For future, this has nothing to do with the witcher (the furst game), so qe do not use the tag. Furthermore, limit yourself to the suggested tags (as you type), aswe do not want junk rags created, as was in this case. -1
Answer: It is not quite clear where you are but I think that is one of the locations you will get to during the 'The Sunstone' quest late in the main story. There is a entrance to a big cave system on the coast but it is sealed until the quest starts.
Alternatively it might be the marker for an underground location in the 'King's Gambit' quest line (this marker is just north of Kaer Trolde).
There are several markers in Skellige you can only reach as part of quests.
Comment: I can confirm this answer. I recognize this spot and running around looking for an entrance for 20 minutes only to get access to it late in the storyline.


What's the meaning of "a class act"?

Question: What does the term "class act" mean? For example, The club is lucky to have such a class act and he is lucky to have the club.
What does "class" and "act" mean respectively in this set phrase or word combination of "class act"? Does "class" here as the adjective modify the noun "act"?
Comment: *Act* as in performance, behavior; *class* as in great style, excellence. *Class act* itself is a set-phrase: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/class+act  http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/class%2Bact___1?q=class+act
Comment: @Kris I think you should make this an answer and expand it a bit. Other answers are just focusing on performances, which misses the point.
Comment: That the performance was of such high *class*, that it qualifies to be a class of its own. I have heard it used in sarcasm - that someone was so horrid, that she deserved a class of her own: Her yelling and rolling on the floor for failing to get a seat on the plane was a class act that broke all barriers of propriety.
Comment: @bib Thanks but I posted it as a comment because the question appears to be GR.
Answer: The phrase itself is highly contextual. Sometimes it's used as a high compliment for someone who is respectable and gracious:

Coach Eaves was a class act. I really admire coaches who do it right, don't go crazy on the sidelines, and set a good example for others.
(Rick Wood, 40 Seasons: The Life of a High School Basketball Coach, 2011)
Most guys would have forgotten all about a minor moment like that, but not Jimmy Stewart. He was a class act all the way.
(Tony Curtis, American Prince: A Memoir, 2008)

Sometimes it's used to describe someone's stylistic appearance, or someone who has both intelligence and charm:

She was a very serious student, both intelligent and beautiful. As they say, she was a class act. To get her attention or a smile from her was extremely hard. She had utter self-confidence, great poise, and an elegant walk.
(Vartan Gregorian, The Road to Home: My Life and Times, 2008)

Sometimes it's used to describe someone's overall classiness, in a way that sets them apart from their peers:

She was a class act. He was used to hanging around with floozies, but his taste was changing. He liked the air of eloquence that rested on her.
(Inez Brinkley, Embracing the Light, 2006)
Janelle had street sex appeal, the stark sexuality of a cocktail waitress exposing some tits and ass as she bends over to serve your drink. But this dame was a class act, a woman wrapped in pearls and sable getting out of a Rolls Royce. My first impression of her was of a cheetah with a diamond choker...
(Harold Robbins, Sin City, 2003)

In the context you mention:

The club is lucky to have such a class act...

I'd intepret that to mean that whatever act is performing wouldn't necessarily be expected to be seen in such a venue. Perhaps it's a folk singer with the voice of an angel playing in a dingy nightclub, but the expression could be used to describe a variety of circumstances.
In the setting of a club, I'd interpret a class act to be something that is more refined than raw, more sophisticated than cheesy. I would expect the performance to have broad appeal to a wide audience, as opposed to a niche act. I would expect the class act to be more stylishly dressed than other performers at the club.
Answer: I believe that the term comes from vaudeville.  It was used to describe an act that was related to or would appeal to the upper classes, such as opera, classical singing or other refined entertainment.  A manager might say, "That routine is a class act" as opposed to quirky odd or low brow stuff.  So it then came to be used to describe someone acting in a gracious way, as would be attributed to an upper class person, kind of like saying someone is a "real gentleman"  Literally meaning they are notacting like a low class guy but an upper class person.  Insulting to working clas people but there you go.  OF course, it is funny when someone uses it sarcastically.  "Yeah, a real class act, ya jerk"
Answer: It means that the artist's performance was of high quality.
Comment: I think it means a little bit more than that. The Sex Pistols could put on a very exciting show – "high quality," insofar as the genre goes – but I'm not sure I'd call it a "class act."
Comment: It depends on the perspective.
Answer: The phrase a class act, in a strict sense indeed means that the performer/artist put on an exceptionally good show. Oh, and yes, class is an adjective here.
However, nowadays I'd say its used whenever somebody does something memorable. Regardless of it being particularly good. If Keith Moon were still alive today, and he'd drive 3 rolls royce's into a public swimming pool dressed as a Japanese schoolgirl, that's exceptionally mad, even for him. So it'd be another Keith-Moon style class act.
A class act can also be used to indicate irony or sarcasm. Sort of like saying:

Your drunken singing in the underground was a real class act

So, in response to J.R. on the sex pistols, I wouldn't find it strange if a review stated that: "Their show was a real class act, eventually Johnny Rotten himself had to tell Sid to cool it".
Obviously, from a musicians stand-point punk is no class act. Exciting? possibly, but certainly not great challenge. Fighting on stage, or being to stoned to stay upright is no class act either. What this fictional review is saying is that their performance, even by their own standards, was one of their most extreme, over the top, violent shows ever. A real class act.

What's the meaning of "a class act"?


Blurry mirage around cut out after uploading on a website

Question:
Hi, when I uploaded this image on a social media site it had this blurry mirage-like pixels around the shrimps. I am not sure what is causing this, because when I viewed the image in my pc it looks crisp and not like this. What seems to be the problem? Is it the way I saved it from photoshop? Or the website just decompresses images so It doesn't look like how I want it?
Comment: These are jpeg compression artefacts.  The problem is probably the social media site, and how they are processing uploaded images. See if the site has a help page.
Comment: Along with the current answer I'd also like to add that increasing the image resolution before uploading might help. It seems like this image is really really small
Answer: There's plenty of JPG compression artefacts. Who has made them? Maybe you, if you have saved as JPG and used high compression (=low quality level). The website can increase it when it tries to make files smaller.
High contrast edges are especially sensitive to get those artefacts. A little blurring reduces them.
The website can have some recommendations how to retain the quality. See them.


In kanban, what did you do when there's a temporary delay on some card?

Question: In kanban, you shouldn't move the card reverse to previous state right? If that so, what should I do when there's something like temporary stop this card until the committee board approve the change to this card. Do it need to stay there to waste the WIP? Should I need to remove it from it from kanban board temporary and redo the flow again when the committee board approve?
Answer: One of the main principles of Kanban is visibility.  In this case, the fact an item is stuck and counting towards your WIP for that step in your workflow is giving you visibility of a blockage.
As for actions you can take, find out whether this problem has occurred before or if is it an extraordinary event.
If it's a one off event, just do whatever you can to remove the blocker in this instance. If you need approval from a committee before the item progresses but they don't meet for a couple of weeks can you call an emergency session or get approval via email for this item?
If the same blocking issue is happening repeatedly, you might need to adjust your workflow to account for something like approval.
e.g. if your current workflow is:

Analyse > Code > Test > Release

and some items need an approval before work can start, you might add an approve step where items can queue giving you:

Analyse > Approve > Code > Test > Release

You could consider having a separate swimlane on your board for items that need approval.  This might help you monitor the number of things coming up that need to go through this step so you can sequence the approval meeting to better suit the arrival rate of this type of work.
Comment: As visibility is one of the main principles, it is usually a good idea to have some way of marking blocked items in a visual way. On physical boards where we are using post-it notes, we usually do this by placing another note in a special color over the original note (we usually use hot pink or red to represent blocking items). Also, determining how to handle blocked items in regards to your WIP limit is something your team should decide as a group. The important thing is to not allow blocked items to build up and not get addressed.
Answer: I recommend you to leave the card in the column where the problem occurred and not count it in the WIP limit. Also, use a visual sign as an information for your team members that there is a problem with this issue and write a description, explaining what it is. See how you can do it using online kanban board on this Kanban blog.
Comment: I would do the same except I *would* count it in the WIP limit. If this card was a priority, then that blockage is holding the project up. If you don't count it as WIP, then (for one thing) it makes it easier for everyone to shrug and ignore it... and what do you do when it does get unblocked?

Long story short, blocked cards are still _in_ a state of progress. They should count that way.


Honeywell Wi-Fi Thermostat

Question:
I need to hook up a C wire to power a wi-Fi thermostat. I have an extra unused blue wire, but I don't know what to hook it up to at the furnace. I don't have the traditional wiring R W RC G Y C on the furnace. I did locate a 24V transformer coming out, but I'm not sure if I can hook the blue wire (C) to the red hot wire which is already carrying a red wire to the thermostat RH terminal.
Answer: The gray (grey) wire coming off the transformer is the C wire.  You can make your connection down near the transformer, or up where the A/C condensing unit wiring connects.

Honeywell Wi-Fi Thermostat


Adding vertices to a filled face?

Question: I have a hoodie with two cat-headed holes punched in. If i just fill a face in it, i get it filled up but with no vertices at all inside the shape which will mess up my weight painting. I'd like to fill them in and also have vertices inside.
Answer: You can use the knife tool to create vertices inside of it, press K and start creating the vertices, conecting it with the outside ones. Other option is to select this face and press CTRL + T to triangulate it and make more vertices on it, but the knife tool is better

Adding vertices to a filled face?


Not sure what is happening to tomato plant

Question: Not sure what is happening to my tomato plant. Plants have been in a really sunny spot. We had been in a drought, but we're consistently watering. Then the last few days it started raining pretty heavy all day.
Answer: Looks like too much water, or a deficiency..try some chelated iron and/or some epsom salt magnesium sulfate even a "miracle grow type" fertilizer can help the issue some, but will take more applications to get the results you want but i wouldn't do so until next water cycle, or in the heat of the day..a good indicator of when to water tomatoes is when they ever so slightly start to wilt, or just buy a moisture meter and check it every day.. they can be sensitive to over watering and even rain can cause that
Answer: The structure looks good, maybe the roots have remained too wet from the rain: even if theres 2 or 3 cm of gravel under the soil for drainage & aereation, the soil many have compacted around it from the rain  resulting in inadequate drainage & aereation. And if applying a granular type of nutrient, there might be excessive nutrient dissolved too rapidly by all the rain and overwhelming it.
If its waterlogged roots, then alleviating that could help!
Comment: Thank you. I was worried it could be blight.


Subaru legacy 2021

Question: 2021 subaru legacy will start with jumper cables I let it idle for a half an hour then shut it of and when I went to try and start it that I only getting a clicking noise. Also when I try to start vehicle lights are good and navigational screen comes on fine
Comment: When you get the clicking noise, do the lights turn off or get dim? Click the comment link below to reply.
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair!
Answer: Most likely the battery is at fault here. Take it to a store which can do a load test on it (anywhere which sells batteries can most likely do this for you). Most batteries have a life expectancy of around five years. If yours is anywhere close or older than this, it's pretty much a done deal.

Subaru legacy 2021


Why is it that in TV series the major part of the shots don´t last longer than 10 seconds?

Question: While watching TV series (Game of thrones, Death in paradise, New tricks, etc.) I try to count how long one shot was shown before the next shot was shown. The duration of the shots almost never exceeded 10 seconds. Is there some psychological reason for that?
Answer: James E. Cutting has done a number of studies on this topic in the movie domain. Take a look at "Shot Durations, Shot Classes, and the Increased Pace of Popular   Movies" (Cutting, 2015):

"The pace of popular movies has    increased and statements about  this trend can be found in both the popular media and   in  scholarly works (see, for example, Bordwell and Thompson 2004;  Bordwell,   Staiger, and Thompson 1985; Cutting, Brunick, DeLong, Iricinschi, and Candan 2011b; Salt 2006, 2009)"
"...   shorter shot durations make for more cuts, which in turn make for
more intensified demands on viewers' attention."

More work can be found here:
http://people.psych.cornell.edu/~jec7/pictures_film.htm


Why is a full-frame DSLR better for producing large prints?

Question: I currently use a Canon 550D and am considering moving to a 6D. One of the often-mentioned benefits of a full-frame camera is the ability to produce large prints. Given that the jpegs from the 6D are only a few hundred pixels taller/wider than those from my 550D, how can this be? Or do you have to shoot in RAW and convert it to a jpeg that has larger dimensions than the SOOC jpegs? If so, theoretically the same could be achieved with 550D.
Comment: The difference in megapixels isn't as large between full frame and crop sensor cameras as it once was, and in some cases it is even the inverse. Because of that this statement is less true when strictly considering the ability to print large. Other factors aside such as ISO performance, sharpness, etc. In other words, don't move to full frame just so you can print larger, unless you are also looking for improvements in other areas not related to megapixels.
Comment: It kind of depends. If you're shooting in low light the advantage of the larger pixels on a FF compared to an APS-C will allow better results even if the resolution is the same for the two cameras. The larger you print the more critical noise becomes.
Comment: Larger prints isn't one of the reasons I'm considering moving to full frame, it's just something that you see in most discussions about the benefits of full frame but is never fully explained. Given that my 550D is 18mp and the 6D is 20.2mp I couldn't see how it could possibly be significantly better for larger prints.
Comment: Although I do appreciate there will be a difference at high ISOs.
Comment: @oneill17 When you magnify the smaller pixels of the APS-C by a larger factor than the pixels of the FF to get to the same size print you also magnify the noise by a larger factor. It is more noticeable at high ISO, but it is there even at ISO 100 when I compare shots in the same conditions taken with my 5DII versus my 7D, even though the 7D usually has a 70-200mm f/2.8 L IS II mounted and the 5DII likely has a 24-105mm f/4 IS mounted, so the difference definitely isn't the lenses used.
Answer: Theoretical discussions of print size per megapixel don't take the real world into account. But once you have a sufficient amount, megapixels aren't really the biggest factor in image detail. Enlarging a print from the recording medium (film or sensor) by the smallest amount is an inherent advantage — everything is multiplied by a smaller factor. And full-frame has that advantage.
Of course, there's some line where older full-frame technology is beaten by newer smaller sensors, but for roughly equivalent technology, lower enlargement is better.
Comment: Partly because the lower magnification factor of the full frame image doesn't magnify flaws in the lens to the same degree the higher magnification factor of the APS-C image does. And then there is the generally higher quality of upper tier FF lenses vs. APS-C only lenses which tend at best to be comparable to mid-grade FF lenses.


/ə/ in a stressed syllable?

Question: According to this description of the English phonotactics, the schwa /ə/ doesn't occur in stressed syllables. But Cambridge Dictionary Onlines, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary and Longman Pronunciation Dictionary say otherwise: the word "because" has been variously transcribed as /bɪˈkəz/ or /bəˈkəz/. So in which source should I believe? Or is there any error in transcription going on here? Or is "because" the only exception? And are there others?
Comment: A very similar question: http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/26928/is-a-schwa-ever-stressed See especially the comments on the answer from user98893, but the question, all the answers and the comments may be informative for you.
Comment: butter, putter, cutter, mutter, slummer, summer, hugger, rugger, smother, glummer, mugger, humbug, ...
Comment: Making poor diction normative. *sigh*
Answer: I think the source of your confusion is that different people use different sets of symbols to represent the same pronunciations in English. Phonemic notation for English is fairly standardized, but it isn't absolutely uniform: for example, another area of variance is the notation of syllabic resonants (do we write the last syllables of button chasm bottle butter as /n̩ m̩ l̩ r̩/ or /ən əm əl ər/, or perhaps even /ᵊn ᵊm ᵊl ᵊr/?) and the notation of the "r" consonant sound (do we go with the simpler /r/ or the possibly more phonetically accurate /ɹ/?). In general, the difference between these is completely meaningless. Check the pronunciation guide of whatever resource you are using to learn what phonemic value some particular symbol represents.
When the schwa symbol <ə> is used in a stressed syllable, it almost certainly represents the STRUT vowel, even though this is standardly represented by /ʌ/. The "stressed schwa" notation for this vowel is probably most common in ad-hoc dictionary phonemic notation systems (I'd guess because it is more familiar to the general public than <ʌ>). Usually, notation systems that represent STRUT with <ə> will also represent NURSE with <ər>, <əɹ>, or <ɚ> (instead of <ɜr>, <ɜɹ>, or <ɝ>). It might not be entirely phonetically accurate, but neither is [ʌ] for many speakers (who may have a phonetic value more like [ɐ] or even [ə] instead).
This notation is possible without much, if any, ambiguity because schwa and STRUT are minimally contrastive at best, and actually in complementary distribution for many speakers. (See Accents of English by John C. Wells (who is also the author of the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary) for a description of this.)
The use of this notation in the Merriam-Webster dictionary was discussed at the following usingenglish.com forum thread: ə(unstressed) vs ʌ(stressed). The dictionaries you list evidently follow the same practice.
However, an earlier part of the Wikipedia article you referred to ("Vowels") defines the STRUT vowel as /ʌ/.
So the two sources simply use different definitions. The statement in the Wikipedia article is true, given the notation used there: it isn't true for all possible, or even for all existing phonetic notation systems used to transcribe English.
Note: I may be biased towards identifying /ə/ with /ʌ/ here because I do speak a dialect where "because" and "was" rhyme with "buzz," and "what" rhymes with "cut."

Peter Shor's explanation that it represents an unstressed weak form is also possible. It seems particularly likely for the Cambridge online dictionary; the evidence for it is that STRUT is usually represented by the symbol <ʌ> (I can't find any (other) word where /ə/ represents STRUT)
, and for "but," they distinguish "strong /bʌt/ weak /bət/."  The transcription in general doesn't always seem to be consistent; in the UK dictionary, "muzzle" is transcribed as /ˈmʌz.l̩/ but "guzzle" is transcribed as /ˈɡʌz.əl/.
Comment: I think there's good evidence for it being a weak form in [OALD](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/learner/because) as well. Compare the OALD's entries for *because* and *but*.
Comment: Geez, talk about huge confusion caused by an Advanced Learner's Dictionary (which is designed to be simple enough for foreign learners). I'm not even done with the "redundant" phonemes /i/ and /u/ and now the "stressed" schwa. I guess I just have to follow my ears instead of those notations in those dictionaries.
Comment: I agree with all this.  For many, including me, the alternation between schwa and the STRUT vowel is automatic.  If we stress a syllable which is ordinarily unstressed and pronounced with schwa, the vowel turns into a caret instead.  When people hear schwas, their phonemic perception is that they are hearing the STRUT vowel (a.k.a. wedge or caret).
Answer: In the pronunciation /bəˈkəz/, neither of the syllables is truly stressed.
There are several function words in English which have weak forms and strong forms, depending on whether the word is stressed in the sentence. For example, the words but, just, could, should are pronounced with /ʌ/, /ʊ/ when they are stressed, and /ə/ when they are unstressed, which is usually the case.
I believe that the pronunciation /bəˈkəz/ is a weak form. We can have a schwa in both syllables of /bəˈkəz/ because in the weak form, neither vowel receives much stress.
In fact, I have the weak form /bɪkəz/ for because, which I use when neither syllable receives stress. For example, if I was saying "because John is ..." in informal speech, I would probably use /bɪkəz/.
On the other hand, if I was saying "because of the ...", I would definitely use /bɪˈkɔz/, simply /bɪkəz/ English doesn't like long strings of unstressed syllables. For me, the /ə/ and /ʌ/ are vowels with different qualities, and I don't believe I ever say /bɪˈkʌz/, with or without stess on the /ʌ/.
Why do the dictionaries put a stress mark on the second syllable in this pronunciation? You'll have to ask them, but I assume they have a rule that two-syllable words need stress marks. Why don't they mark it as a weak form, the way they do for but? You'll have to ask them that, too.
Other exceptions would have to be two-syllable function words with weak forms. I can't think of any off-hand, but there probably are some.
Comment: _Whether_ /ˈʍεðər/ also has a weak form for me, contrasting strong [ˈwɛðɚ] with weak [wəðə ~ wəðɚ]. And of course _going to_ has a whole range of increasingly reduced weak forms: _gonna_ [ˈɡɒnə] > _gunna_ [ɡənə] > _'unna_ [ənə] > _'na_ [nə] > _'a_ [ə].
Comment: @JanusBahsJacquet: And in fact, the [Cambridge dictionary](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/gonna) online has /ˈɡənə/ for the U.K. pronunciation of gonna (but not for the American one, for some reason), again putting an unjustified stress mark on a syllable with a schwa.
Answer: In my opinion, and I think also in the opinion of many other American linguists, there is no stressed sound [ə] in standard American English.  This sound occurs only as a result of the phonological process of vowel reduction in certain unstressed syllables: non-high lax unstressed vowels become schwa.
There is no phoneme schwa in English, so the notation /ə/, taking the slashes to signify phonemic forms, is not interpretable for English.  It doesn't make sense.
However, even among American linguists, there is probably considerable disagreement with what I have just said, and there seem to be some very different ideas about schwa, notation, and phonemics in general in the uk, so I'm afraid you can't count on what I have said to be helpful as a guide to understand what people say or write about schwa.  Sorry.
Comment: Whether or not there is a phoneme /ə/, there is a pronunciation [bəkəz], which is quite common..
Comment: @PeterShor, except in an unusually casual speech style where both syllables are unstressed, there is no such pronunciation as you claim.
Comment: @Greg: How about *just*, *but*, *could*, *should*? Do you believe that people use weak forms containing a schwa with these words, even though they just have one syllable? If so, why not in *because*? Is there a rule that in speech, if you have two syllables in a row, one of them will be stressed? Of course not. So why can't you have two unstressed syllables in a function word? What's the reason behind this?
Comment: Let me note that I have a weak form for *because*. If I stress it, I use the pronounciation /bɪˈkɔz/. When it's unstressed, the vowel in the last syllable is quire different. I think I reduce it to a schwa: /bɪˈkəz/. But if your definition of schwa says it can never appear in the slightly more stressed syllable of a two-syllable word, then I guess it can't be a schwa and it has to be some other vowel.
Comment: @PeterShor, my definition of schwa is that it is the vowel said with no raising, no lowering, no fronting , and no backing of the tongue, possibly with other secondary articulations like rounding.  Whether it occurs in stressed syllables is a matter of fact, not definition.  It is ordinary for single syllable function words to lose stress in casual speech.  English avoids having long sequences of unstressed syllables, but that doesn't mean it can't happen.
Comment: @Greg: then I quite often pronounce *because* as /bɪkəz/, with very little stress on either syllable and with a schwa (the same schwa that I use in *about* and the weak form of *but*). This pronunciation is in dictionaries, so I think it must be reasonably common.
Comment: @PeterShor, [bɪkəz] sounds pretty good to me, too.

/ə/ in a stressed syllable?


Would a wall mounted TV count as an appliance for the purposes of tamper resistance outlet code requirements?

Question: I was reading this review on Amazon for a recessed outlet where someone points out that it isn't tamper resistant and, as such, is worthless.  There is a discussion between the rater and other people (including a Leviton rep) about this comment.  Someone points out that there is an exception for when there's an appliance that isn't easily moved in the way of the outlet.  There's also an exception if it is mounted 6 (or is it 5.5) feet high.  Contrary to what the Leviton rep suggests, most people do not mount there TV 6 feet high so that exception goes out the window very quickly.  On the other hand, it would be extremely difficult for a toddler to get their fingers in the outlet behind a mounted TV so I would think the TV blocking the outlet should qualify for the exception.  However, I don't think many people, in everyday language, would call a TV an appliance so I was wondering how this would shake out.
Answer: This could be a tricky one, as it depends on what you consider an "appliance", and how you define "dedicated space".

National Electrical Code 2014
Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use
Article 406 Receptacles, Cord Connectors, and Attachment Plugs (Caps)
406.12 Tamper Resistant Receptacles.
(A) Dwelling Units. In all areas specified in 210.52, all nonlocking-type 125-volt, 15-and 20-ampere receptacles shall be listed tamper-resistant receptacles.
Exception to (A), (B), and (C): Receptacles in the following locations shall not be required to be tamper-resistant:
(1) Receptacles located more than 1.7 m (5 1⁄2 ft) above the floor.
(3) A single receptacle or a duplex receptacle for two appliances located within dedicated space for each appliance that, in normal use, is not easily moved from one place to another and that is cord-and-plug connected in accordance with 400.7(A)(6), (A)(7), or (A)(8).

Easy peasy if the receptacle is 5 1/2' above the floor.  A bit confusing otherwise.  First you have to decide if a TV meets the NEC definition of an appliance.

Appliance. Utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, that is normally built in standardized sizes or types and is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions such as clothes washing, air conditioning, food mixing, deep frying, and so forth.

Sure, I guess.
Next, you have to determine if the receptacle is located within the dedicated space for the TV. This is made difficult, as NEC doesn't define "dedicated space" well.

110.27(E)(1)(a) Dedicated Electrical Space. The space equal to the width and depth of the equipment and extending from the floor to a height of 1.8 m (6 ft) above the equipment or to the structural ceiling, whichever is lower...
110.27(E)(2)(b) Dedicated Equipment Space. The space equal to the width and depth of the equipment and extending from grade to a height of 1.8 m (6 ft) above the equipment, shall be dedicated to the electrical installation.

Based on these definitions, I'd say the receptacle is likely not within the dedicated space for the appliance.
tl;dr
Unless there's a local ammendment to the code that makes it more clear, I'd say this is a judgement call for the Authority Having Jurisdiction. For the price difference between a TR receptacle and non TR receptacle, I'd probably just install a TR receptacle.
Comment: actually the TR version that the guy linked to was **cheaper** than the non-TR one.  Of course murphy's law prevailed so I already bought the stupid non-TR one.
Answer: Where do you live? In Oregon non tamper outlets and non GFCI's are allowed behind an appliance not easily moved. in section 100 of the NEC an appliance is

utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, that is normally built in standard shapes or sizes or types and is installed or connected to preform one or more functions.

It gives some standard examples, but a TV is utilizing power so it meets the definition. New construction requires most outlets to be Tamper resistant this is true, but if this is an older house you can still buy and replace 2 wire non grounded receptacles and be totally code compliant. In the review the OP was a bit over the edge since the product was not advertised as tamper resistant. I would use the non tamper recessed outlet here in Oregon because it is for a dedicated use behind the equipment not easily moved.
Comment: Thanks Tester I need to look up how to do the high light.
Comment: Honestly I thought it was pretty helpful since I had no idea that tamper resistant plugs even existed much less that they were required in a lot of instances.


Which apostles quote Jesus?

Question: In inspired by this question Did Paul preach Jesus's message?
Which apostles quoted Jesus and which ones did not?
Did Paul meet Jesus in person and did he ever quote Jesus?
Thanks.
Comment: Your question says "Which apostles quote Jesus" but your question seems to be directed specifically towards Paul.
Comment: Do you mean the twelve apostles? Or do you mean the writers of the New Testament? Or both?
Answer: This is a difficult question to answer, due to the sparsity of the record.  We have no indication that Paul ever met Jesus during his mortal life, and in at least one place, we have Paul claiming to quote Jesus but giving a doctrine not recorded anywhere in the Gospels.

Acts 20:35
I have shewed you all things, how that so labouring ye ought to
  support the weak, and to remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how he
  said, It is more blessed to give than to receive.

(This should not surprise anyone who's familiar with the last verse of the Gospel of John, of course.)
And we don't have surviving works of all the apostles, (and it's reasonable to assume that we don't have all the important writings of the apostles whose work we do have some of today,) so it's impossible to say if any of them did not quote Jesus, though I find it unlikely on a simple logical basis: they were sent out specifically to teach his message; how could they do that accurately without using his words?
Answer: Paul quoted Jesus directly in 1 Cor 11:23-25.

"For I received from the Lord (not from the other apostles) what I also delivered to you, that the
  Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he
  had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "This is my body which is for
  you. Do this in remembrance of me." In the same way also the cup,
  after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do
  this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me."" (1 Cor
  11:23-25)

Did Paul meet Jesus in person? It's not known whether Paul met Jesus in Jesus' earthly life and it seems very unlikely. However, Paul did meet Jesus "personally" in the sense that Jesus spoke to him personally as he indicates in the above passage and also in several other places.

"Now as he journeyed he approached Damascus, and suddenly a light from
  heaven flashed about him. And he fell to the ground and heard a voice
  saying to him, "Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?" And he said,
  "Who are you, Lord?" And he said, "I am Jesus, whom you are
  persecuting" - Acts 9:3-5
The following night the Lord stood by him and said, "Take courage, for
  as you have testified about me at Jerusalem, so you must bear witness
  also at Rome." - Acts 23:11

Which apostles quote Jesus?


Webservice is hiding original class names

Question: I have a DataLayer project with typed dataset.
I have another project called SiteWebServices which contains only webservices.
I have another web application project which is normal website. This uses SiteWebServices which uses DataLayer.
Now SiteWebServices project hides the original DataLayer classes with its own namespace. For eg; DataLayer.SiteDS.COMPLAINTDataTable is exposed as SiteWebServices.SiteDS.COMPLAINTDataTable.
Everything is working fine, except that data is recevied fine in the webmethod, but when consuming it in the website, nothing is received. No error is generated anywhere.
I have uploaded the code here at my website (safe) Source code.
There are 2 webservices, and 2 corresponding test pages in respective projects, with proper comments in 2 webmethods.
Answer: Need more explaination, you should better test webservices standalone with SOAPUI (http://www.soapui.org/)


Another phrase for "until this time"

Question: I have a student (C1 level English) who has asked me for another way to say "Until this time" in an email. She wants to reference a meeting that she is having next month with an executive in another company in her complimentary close. As I don't believe my initial reaction - "um, we don't say things like that in emails in America...?" was sufficient, is there a resource that I can point her to that would provide a fairly exhaustive explanation of the rules of business email etiquette?  She said the equivalent in her L1 - Czech - is "awhile," which did not do much to help answer her question.  Stock phrases generally don't reference a specific time, obviously; which, she is aware, but wants to do something different...be original and inventive, I suppose. So what should I explain to her, and how - ?
Comment: Can you give a fuller phrase. I can see "until then" being more likely to be used than "until this time", but then again I can see "until this time" being more likely to be used than "hitherto", and really don't see anything very strange with just "until this time", though perhaps I might with more context.
Comment: What @Jon said. Without more context, the question is just too vague.
Comment: Are you looking for a phrase to use as a complimentary close, or simply a word that represents "until a certain time"? Or are you referring to the time of the meeting next month (until *that* time)? As for email etiquette, I do not believe there are any canonical references or standards. When I intend for an email to replace a written letter, I format it more or less as a letter. If it is a short comment, I format it as I would an IM. [Emily Post](http://www.emilypost.com/communication-and-technology/computers-and-communication/459-email-etiquette-dos-and-donts) has written on the matter.
Answer: hitertho. Can be both an adverb and an adjective:

adv 1. until this time: hitherto, there have been no problems.
adj 3. until this time: a hitherto unoccupied house.

Also, heretofore:

adv. Up to the present time; before this; previously.

Another phrase for "until this time"


Is it okay to not have a rogue in my party in Dragon Age 2?

Question: I know that one's supposed to have all three varieties of members in a party, but the thing is: I am a mage but I also like to have Anders and Merill along. For the remaining slot, I usually prefer Fenris. So, thats three mages and one warrior. The battles were always satisfying with the above party but I just want to know if there would be any advantange if there's a rogue except for the fact that they can detect traps and unlock locks.
Answer: Don't underestimate the lockpick ability: there are a ton of chests that require lockpicking skill.
If you're familiar with Dragon Age: Origins, you probably remember that the rogue was by far the most powerful class to the point of excessiveness: a single, high-level rogue could outmatch 3 warriors or mages. Of course, a melee rogue companion (like Zevran) was next to useless because you couldn't position him for backstabbing unless you were directly controlling him.
Dragon Age II smoothed the curves, as it were, when it comes to rogues. They're not clearly overpowered, but they still have a lot of bang for very little buck. And it's easier to outsource melee roguing to Isabela since backstabbing in DA2 is auto-positioned.
So you can forgo the use of Isabela (the only melee rogue you can get), Varric, and Sebastian (the two archers you get), but you're probably making the game a little harder for yourself.
Balance aside, Dragon Age II made great strides in trying to encourage use of all your companions:

All characters, whether they're in your party or not, gain the same amount of experience
Every companion has a specific armor set and can't use anything else, making it unnecessary to maintain several sets of armor
Every character has side quests, dialogue, and flavor associated with them
There are several quests along the way that require the use of specific characters
It's pretty easy to find a place where you can swap out party members

So feel free to mix it up every now and then.
Comment: I've tried Isabella for a couple of times...but usually she'll be the first to fall in a battle...maybe I need to refine her tactics or something
Comment: @Uday Isabela isn't the strongest companion (but certainly more useful than an AI Zevran from DA:O); Varric on the other hand is pretty awesome.
Comment: More importantly, your rogues will be the only ones capable of opening most locked chests, especially later in the game -- unless you're willing to drastically cripple another character's build by spending a lot of points into their cunning rather than strength or magic.


How to replace an unknown propane lantern globe?

Question: I have a propane lantern that the glass measures 3.25 X 3.25 and on the glass it has borosil with an r in a circle beside it, but no numbers so that we can get a new globe because it has broken.  Anyone have any idea what the number is or where I can get a new globe for it.
Comment: Vote to close as unclear. without pictures this question is unanswerable.
Comment: @Horsegirl Please don't be discouraged by the close votes, just provide the additional info requested. I believe with more details this is a perfectly valid question (i.e. can and should be reopened).
Comment: A picture would help to illustrate. What do you mean by "the number"?
Answer: From my experience (across multiple vendors!), the glass globes on propane lanterns are fairly standard sizes.  It seems like there are two or three which are very common.  Unless you have a real odd-ball size/style (and lacking a photo or more detailed description of what you have), you should be able to pick up a replacement off the shelf at your local Walmart or Target.  Many other outdoor retailers (Academy Sports, Bass Pro Shops, Gander Mountain, etc) also carry replacements.
Take your dimensions with you to the store.  My bet is that you'll find one which is compatible.
Comment: Why not take the entire lantern (emptied of fuel) to the store?  Be 100% certain the globe will fit.


Listening for TCP connections through a browser

Question: Is there some sort of method I could use to launch something from a browser which would listen for tcp connections?  I explored Silverlight but it looks like I can only connect to 3rd parties with a Silverlight app.  What I'm looking for is have the user run something in browser which could receive third party connections.  I'm starting to think it has to much potential for abuse so it's not allowed, but I'm hoping I'm overlooking something.
Answer: In general, the popular approach for simulating a browser listening to connections, is to listen for them on a server, and then use comet, long-polling, reverse AJAX or a similar technique to "push" the messages from the server to the browser.
This way you stay within all the rules and limits, and you'll be doing something that has been tried and tested for long. It will even work through firewalls, since technically it is still the browser initiating the connection with the server.
Obviously this is not the same as listing to the TCP connections, but it may be an option for you to consider.
Answer: If I understand what you are looking for, I think a java applet would be able to do this.  The user would navigate to a page with the applet present, then (assuming they "trusted" the applet) it would be able to listen for a TCP connection.
Your only issue may be a firewall on the user's machine.
(I am assuming you need the this process to be run locally, otherwise a server-side approach would be better)
Answer: You could likely do something with Flash XML Sockets.
That said, if you need raw TCP then this isn't for you.
Answer: You want a websocket: http://blog.chromium.org/2009/12/web-sockets-now-available-in-google.html
Firefox also has them.


A platform for writing custom text, then hear it and try to write it down without mistakes?

Question: I am searching for a platform where I can add my custom text (1000 words for example) and the platform should hide this text from me and I should be able to hear it only (slowly) and then write the same text only by listening to the audio and then submit my written text when I am done and the platform should mark if I have make any mistakes. Is there such a platform available online or mobile app? It will be very useful for me learning a new language to be able to practice my writing.
Comment: I have never heard of such an application or platform; it sounds like an interesting programming project for computer science students :-)
Answer: I have been doing that manually with subtitled videos. When I write the text I hear, I simply hide the subtitles with a piece of paper. I also adjust the video playback speed to what I need, for example 0.75 the normal speed.
When I am ready to correct, I replay the same video and compare the subtitles with my transcription.
Sometimes, the voices and the subtitles don't match exactly, but figuring it out becomes part of my learning process.


computer cables

Question: I'm trying to build a built-in computer cabinet.  I want to route the surge protector cord and cables through the cabinet floor to the front of the 2x6 base. The electrical outlet is on the adjacent wall about 6 ft away. Is there a hose or anything on the market to pass the cables through the dead space under the cabinet?  Maybe to attach to a desk grommet?
Comment: Hello, and welcome to Home Improvement. Unfortunately, "shopping" questions are off-topic here.
Answer: You could use some flexible nonmetallic conduit in there - you won't be using it as an actual conduit, just as a sleeve to route the cable.  The one in the picture is Carlon Resi-guard but there are many other brands.

It's sold in home improvement stores along with straps, fittings, boxes, etc. to make a nice install.
You're in a gray area with the electrical code, depending on whether this cabinet is a piece of furniture or a fixed part of the building.  Running flexible cords through the walls, floors, ceilings etc. is not permitted.  But it's certainly safer in a sleeve that prevents the cord from getting pinched or damaged.
Answer: As batsplatsterson indicated there are products made specifically for networking cables.  I'm familiar rigid and flexible blue ones - the rigid ones have special connectors.
If you run the lines through plastic cable, however, I would separate the computer, TV & TV audio cabling from the electrical cables. You should not mix powered wiring with non-powered or low voltage wiring to prevent an electrical shock or worse.

computer cables


A new look for locked questions?

Question: Is the SE team hard at work tweaking the UI for locked questions, or is the web proxy at my job randomly blocking stuff?
Comment: If that's an attempt to make historical questions look different, it will only work for veteran users. New users don't know what active questions and answers are "supposed" to look like.
Comment: Did you think there would be a ruckus for four straight days and SE wouldn't make *any* changes?
Comment: @Robert - I'm sure it's just a start.  I'd say move the historical banner text up above the question title, *emphasize it*, fade the colors *slightly*, and so on
Comment: Related: http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/51498/could-we-please-get-some-ui-differentiation-for-locked-posts
Comment: If the former, then it would make sense, I think. Sort of like locking the voting as well.
Comment: Makes perfect sense.  The best solution to this content has always been to make it look distinct and different -- you're not in regular Stack Overflow anymore.
Comment: They have indeed gone, voting on historical stuff makes no sense. [tag:feature-request]: Can the team please place a [historical unicorn statue](http://www.moonslightmagic.com/images/unicorn_statue.jpg) in its place? ;)
Comment: Wait for it....
Comment: @Tom - indeed.  I hope they go even further...
Answer: This is something we're experimenting with for truly "historical" questions (that is, questions and answers which no longer benefit from any interaction). They are effectively frozen in time, a record of something that happened and still has some meaning but is no longer a living, breathing part of the site.
More to come...
Comment: +1 for making an effort to keep historical items around.
Comment: @animuson - I would hope the point of all this is to obviate the need to delete them in the first place.
Comment: +1 This train of thoughts is good, instead of throwing a warning at us because you gave the link to us you can just hide the link from us. I'm hoping to see this in other places too... :)
Comment: @Shog9: But the real question is, will these "historical" questions still remove reputation as if they were deleted?
Answer: It's not just you.
Voting is currently disabled completely on closed questions (maybe allowed in some cases), there's a class on voting buttons
.ice-ice-baby .votecell .vote-up-off, .ice-ice-baby .votecell .vote-down-off { display:none }

(.ice-ice-baby means that the question is closed) blocking it
When I tried to "show" it with Chrome inspection tool and tried to vote up, this popup appeared
This post has been locked; locked posts can't be voted on.

Comment: I think you're mixing [some terminology](http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/13059/post-locked-vs-post-closed) here. The above certainly does not apply to [all **closed** questions](http://stackoverflow.com/search?q=closed%3A1), and not even to all [locked questions](http://i.stack.imgur.com/1ceAN.png).
Comment: @Arjan: I think I'm not. Read my answer again and this snippet, too: `(maybe allowed in some cases),`, which is saying it all.
Comment: More like: maybe *not* allowed in some cases? Really, all of the **closed** questions I've looked at *do* show the voting icons and allow for voting. Do you have any example that proves otherwise? If not, then read your answer again ;-)
Comment: @Arjan: this feature has been removed, once again. My answer was valid before 20 hours..
Comment: Ah, that explains things! (Well, it was valid for one hour and 15 minutes then, until I posted my comment...)

A new look for locked questions?


FSB / processor clock ratio

Question: If I understand it correctly, FSB and processor frequency should have a 1:1 ratio, how can I calculate this ratio with DDR RAMs? I need a simple example to make my mind
Answer: FSB is generally much slower than the processor speed. An example FSB may run at 133 MHz, with a (slow) processor running with a multiplier of 9 to give it a speed of 1.2 GHz. Some hardware can accept different clock settings, so if the front side bus is stable to run at 166MHz, the CPU can either be run at 166x9 = 1.5GHz (giving a combined boost to memory access and processor speed) or if the CPU is unstable at this speed, the multiplier can be lowered to 7.5, giving a CPU speed of 1.25GHz but allowing the increased FSB for faster memory access.
Memory should generally operate at least as fast as the FSB. Above this speed there is little advantage to the memory running faster, if the bus cannot provide it with data at the same rate. However, the effective speed of memory modules is not the same at the clock rate it actually runs at.
The effective speed of DDR depends what kind of DDR you have. DDR stands for double data rate, meaning those modules run at twice the FSB frequency, such as 2x200MHz = 400 MHz. DDR2 effectively operates at four times the FSB, and DDR3 at 8 times.
You can therefore decide which memory is required for your bus speed with this calculation
FSB x 2^your DDR version = memory speed
So in the example, FSB =166, DDR version is DDR2:
166 x (2^2 = 4) = 166x4 = 667MHz effective speed.
Another example:
FSB = 133, DDR version is DDR3:
133 x (2^3 = 8) = 133x8 = 1066MHz effective speed.
It is also worth noting that (most) DDR modules are backwards compatible within the same family. If, (for example) a 1.5 GHz DDR3 module is too fast for your needs, it will work in any slower DDR3 system, but not in a DDR2 system, nor in any system requiring memory faster than 1.5GHz.
Answer: The front side bus hasn't been one to one with the CPU in a long time. Nowadays the CPU clock runs as a multiple of the FSB. Memory usually runs at a 1:1 ratio but even this is configurable and changeable on some motherboards.
This wikipedia article is a good stating point. There are lots of tech sites with overclocking guides that also go into the relationship between the three clocks.

CPU
The frequency at which a processor (CPU) operates is determined by
applying a clock multiplier to the front-side bus (FSB) speed in some
cases. For example, a processor running at 3200 MHz might be using a
400 MHz FSB. This means there is an internal clock multiplier setting
(also called bus/core ratio) of 8. That is, the CPU is set to run at 8
times the frequency of the front-side bus: 400 MHz × 8 = 3200 MHz. By
varying either the FSB or the multiplier, different CPU speeds can be
achieved.
Memory
Setting an FSB speed is related directly to the speed grade of memory a system must use.
The memory bus connects the northbridge and RAM, just as the
front-side bus connects the CPU and northbridge. Often, these two
buses must operate at the same frequency. Increasing the front-side
bus to 450 MHz in most cases also means running the memory at 450 MHz.
In newer systems, it is possible to see memory ratios of "4:5" and the
like. The memory will run 5/4 times as fast as the FSB in this
situation, meaning a 400 MHz bus can run with the memory at 500 MHz.
This is often referred to as an 'asynchronous' system. It is important
to realize that due to differences in CPU and system architecture,
overall system performance can vary in unexpected ways with different
FSB-to-memory ratios.
Comment: out of interest, I know(jf I recall) that DDR  RAM Has its own clock.. but are there any systems in the last 10 years where RAM derives its speed from the FSB?
Answer: If you want to overclock your FSB for example:
You have DDR 3 Memory which has a optimal (Standard) settings of FSB of 1600 MHz, You find these details on the DDR 3 Memory itself or in the description.
So if you don't wanna overclock your CPU you want it to run at the original settings like
3 GHz then you need to go and take your FSB speed and calculate it.
Values first:
Quadcore = 4 cores, Dualcore = 2cores. For example. (We take the quadcore which means 4)
Then take your FSB in the Bios, it would be 400.
Because 400 * 4 = 1600MHz ok that's done.
Now don't forget the CPU ratio, lets say original settings is 9.
Ok then find by calculating like this, ratio * the FSB = CPU clock speed
In this example you'll need the ratio of 7,5.
So at the end your clock settings would be like this:
FSB * Amount CPU core = FSB clock speed
  400 *          4      = 1600 MHz
FSB clock speed * CPU ratio = CPU clock speed
    1600 MHz    *    7,5    = 3 GHz (3000 MHz)
Thats it and if you want you can set the voltage of your memory which are in the description too of the memorys.

FSB / processor clock ratio


How do I search for a file where I know the name but not the location?

Question: i want to search qdbase (the name of DB).
i dont know where this file is lies.i want to use grep at my server.
my server name is qa@qaubuntu and for root root@qaubuntu..
i'm searching this file using terminal from client PC(qa@qadesktop)
Answer: So you're looking for a file with a known name and unknown location?
Two options:

locate qdbase
sudo find / -name qdbase -print

The latter is probably slower, but more "thorough", the first command is based on the fact that all file names have been indexed already, so that the search is quicker. Try the first option and if it fails, the second one.
You'll probably have to rsh in first. grep is used to find data inside a file, so it's probably not what you want here. The sudo part is needed for permission reasons.
Answer: sudo grep / "String to search for"

sudo to not restrict the search by what folders your regular user is allowed access to
grep to search
/ for the root of the drive
"String to search for"
Comment: the fact remains that you give / as a first argument (which is the string to search) and a location (file, or directory if you use the -r option), the second argument, named "string to search for". So the order is wrong. If you do ``sudo grep -r -l 'string to search for' /`` (which will take a very long time, presumably) you will get a list of all files that contain that string...
Comment: "qa@qaubuntu:~$ sudo grep /qdbase" like this?
Comment: sudo grep / "qdbase"
Comment: this grep command does not work: it's ``grep [options] regexp file [file]`` where regexp is a regular expression, which can be a string, but can need escaped characters etc. So it's not quite that simple.
Comment: that's for finding text in files, if you're looking for a name, I use cd / && find -iname "qdbase"
Comment: @Henno, It will search for string as long as you don't through in any characters that don't need to be escaped. In my experience, grep doesn't play nearly as well with the regex strings that I've used as egrep.
Comment: Fair enough, my mistake.


What are some methods to find a research gap?

Question: I have read over 50 articles on a topic I am writing about but do not see any research gaps. I have spent  a lot of time reading the introductions of papers, since it is there that I found the most interesting overview of the field and current state of study on the topic being researched. How can I find a gap in my topic within the academic area of study?
Answer: On the one hand, this is really something an advisor should be helping you with, and one of the reasons why there is typically an advisor-advisee relationship at early stages of a young researcher's career. In the light of your earlier question Finding an advisor outside of my Grad School, it seems like this is not an option for you. (I do hope you take Buffy's advice there to heart.)
On the other hand, a more promising place to start is not the introduction but the conclusion sections of papers. This is where people will very often put "future research directions" and similar. Now, I would not suggest you directly take one of these directions and pursue it, because chances are that the paper's author is already working on precisely that topic and has a year or more head start on it. However, it might give you an inspiration on a somewhat different possible way forward, especially if you have already read a lot in your subfield and might see ways of combining directions suggested by different papers.
Plus, if you find one such suggestion that resonates with you, you could always contact the author and politely ask their opinion of it. Yes, academics get lots of emails, and many of your emails will never be answered... but if you keep it short and to the point, people may be more helpful that one might anticipate.
Comment: Thanks Stephan. That is good info. I am taking Buffy's advice as well. I am an interdisciplinary student so I like to combine methods.
Answer: Reading is not equal reading. Put on different lenses while reading.
"What are the goals of the paper?" → What could be different goal?
"How do the methods/proofs/… work in this paper?" → Can I show/achieve the same things differently?
"Why do they approach their problems like this?" → Could I approach this problem differently?
Also: Why do you want to find gaps? New research does not necessarily closes gaps. It may also develop new approach or open up topics…
Finally: Do not only read the introductions. To really get to the points you need to dig deeper and understand all the basics.
Comment: That's not exactly true.
Comment: The way this works depends on your field. @ChristianSaucier are you working in the sciences? Theology? Something else?
Comment: I was told to be of publishable quality means I need to find a gap in the research and try to close that gap.
Comment: @ Mark C. Theology and Bible.
Answer: By doing a literature review, you have got off to a good start in your search for a project idea. I have some recommendations, some of which you may already have done:

Read the discussion sections, where authors discuss what went well/badly.
Appraise the research design and reporting methods according to the appropriate best practices standards (e.g. the EQUATOR network guidelines https://www.equator-network.org/). This will help to identify opportunities for improved design.
Consider trying a replication study, where you aim to follow the methodologies of some of the best studies on the topic (according to your appraisal). You can compare results achieved by various methods. It is important that study results are externally reproducible, and this doesn't often get tested.
Answer: Consider the assumptions made in the design of the research that a paper describes. What simplifications constrain the generality of its results? You can then set about reducing or eliminating those simplifications. A way to go about that is to ponder, "Hmm, that result about x is cool. What are some (more general) properties about a whole class X for which their result is just a special case?" Or, similarly, "How far would one have to shift their question to cause their results to change in some significant way?"
Another avenue from which to attack your problem of finding new questions is to ponder how the paper's conclusions could be wrong. A good way to approach that is to assume (for this purpose) that an omniscient god has just assured you that though their data is valid, their conclusion(s) from the data is (are) wrong. Then all you have to do is figure out some ways that they may have made the mistake that (for the sake of your purpose) they did make. That exercise should produce the makings of a good new research question.
And a complement to that approach is to assume that it's their data that is invalid. Then what may have caused them to measure the thing wrong or to measure the wrong thing?


Undamped oscillations of sound wave

Question: I read in google that When we hit some metal or object, then a sound is generated by that object. If we hit that object with more force, then we can hear a sound of more amplitude than previous one but with same frequency. that means frequency won't change in either of these cases.
Frequency means vibrations of atoms inside that metal,my question is why those atoms always vibrate with same frequency even when we apply large force, why only amplitude changes?
Answer: What you say is generally true if you consider the linear nature of resonant materials. But no materials are perfectly linear. Furthermore the frequency is not the frequency at which individual atoms resonate, but rather the system of atoms that form a resonant structure.
The shape, size, etc also has to do with what frequency you get. In real structures you can have many resonant frequencies also called modes. Modes can get filled with energy and spill into other modes. Therfore you don't always get the same frequency if you continue to bang harder
Answer: As docscience has already commented, it's actually not true in general. Usually the linear models in which the frequency is amplitude independent are accurate enough for many purposes but not for all of them. I would recommend you to study some weak nonlinear systems where the hybrid solution of slightly generalised linear solution are good enough.
Example: The linear mathematical pendulum of length $\ell$ have (angular) eigenfrequency:
$$
\omega = \sqrt{\frac{g}{\ell}}
$$
and the deflection angle $\phi$:
$$
\phi=A\cos \omega t
$$
so the frequency and amplitude are independent but the models works only for small amplitudes. It could be generalised:
$$
\phi = A\cos \omega t - \frac{1}{192}A^3\cos 3\omega t
$$
with the angular eigenfrequency:
$$
\omega=\sqrt{\frac{g}{\ell}}(1-\frac{1}{16}A^2)
$$
and that's amplitude dependent!
I am not going to put the whole derivation here but basically you need to get one more term of Taylor's polynome of sine and the neglect all terms of $O(A^4)$ or higher.
Generally the large amplitudes can even excite different vibrational modes. Example: if you pluck the real 3D string with small force, you can excite only one (or almost only one) linear polarization of vibration. In large amplitudes, you practically always excite both of them, because their eigenfrequencies are close enough and resulting oscillation in eliptically polarised.
Comment: Sound waves can be elliptically polarized?
Comment: @Viktor Are you refering to the last example? That is string, i.e. mechanical wave of an elastic object.

Undamped oscillations of sound wave


How can higher resolutions be set on OS X when no monitor is on or attached?

Question: Most of the time, I just want to work on the Mac Mini via remote desktop. Is there a way to have it always use a higher resolution on bootup, even when it doesn't detect a display (it's on a KVM switch)?
Answer: The easiest way would be to get a VGA dummy plug to trick it into thinking there's a monitor connected.  (I know this works fine in most other operating systems so I assume it'll work in OS X.)


Why is *hereditary* citizenship status not considered a title of nobility under U.S. law?

Question: Being a citizen grants clear rights and privileges in the U.S. While citizenship can be granted by birthplace (14th Amendment), it is also granted to the child of a citizen with very lax conditions. Excluding the question of geographic location, the hereditary nature of citizenship seems to be in glaring contrast to other U.S. founding ideals. In Ancient Rome, for instance, being a citizen was more akin to being a nobleman. Similar to our current system, Romans could earn citizenship through service - usually militarily. Given that citizenship carries so much weight and is clearly hereditary in the U.S., why is it not considered as a title of nobility? While it does not indicate a British rank, it certainly indicates social rank. If all men are created equal, then why should this distinction exist?
Comment: @Greendrake the US constitution prohibits the US from conferring titles of nobility.
Comment: https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artI-S9-C8-4/ALDE_00013204/
Comment: Thank you, but I have already read this passage and don't see its relevance. As the passage cites, it remains an open question academically.
Comment: Isn't it just semantics? What would have changed if citizenship _was_ a title of nobility?
Comment: @phoog Sure. My question was a hypothetical in the case the prohibition didn't exist.
Comment: I think the problem with this question is that it basically says both have heredity so why aren't they the same? It's obviously a false premise since heredity is just one common aspect between the two.
Answer: The granting of citizenship is expressly recognized in multiple places in the US Constitution. It would be incoherent if the prohibition on titles of nobility meant that the US could not confer citizenship on people. It would also be totally out of sync with any public understanding of "titles of nobility" at the time of the framing or today.
The US has conferred citizenship by parentage to children born abroad since 1790, which is further indication that the nobility clause was not understood to preclude citizenship by parentage.
The concern behind the nobility clauses was the creation of "super-citizens." As Joseph Story wrote in his Commentaries on the Constitution at Vol. 3, p. 215:

[the nobility clause] seems scarcely to require even a passing notice. As a perfect equality is the basis of all our institutions, state and national, the prohibition against the creation of any titles of nobility seems proper, if not indespensible, to keep perpetually alive a just sense of this important truth. Distinctions between citizens, in regard to rank, would soon lay the foundation of odious claims and privileges, and silently subvert the spirit of independence and personal dignity, which are so often proclaimed to be the best security of a republican government.

He cited Federalist No. 84, in which Alexander Hamilton wrote:

Nothing need be said to illustrate the importance of the prohibition of titles of nobility. This may truly be denominated the corner-stone of republican government; for so long as they are excluded, there can never be serious danger that the government will be any other than that of the people.

The worry was that titles of nobility would undermine the republican system of government.
I also question your premise that citizenship is "clearly hereditary in the U.S." As you say, the 14th Amendment guarantees citizenship to those merely born in the US and subject to its jurisdiction. For the vast majority of U.S. citizens, citizenship is based on their place of birth being in the U.S. Knowing that somebody is a citizen tells you nothing about their heritage.
Comment: I'm not questioning the status of citizenship in general. I'm only questioning its hereditary nature. I guess my question should clarify that.
Comment: @junebug citizenship isn't entirely hereditary.  US citizenship is only acquired by a child born outside the US under certain circumstances.  One reason for granting US citizenship to foreign-born children of US citizens is that many of them would otherwise be stateless; another is so the parents can return to the US without having to get visas for their children.
Answer:
why is it not considered a title of nobility?

It is not considered a title of nobility because it isn't.  First, nobility is a state of being above everyone else.  Citizenship does not have such a dimension; it's more about being in the group or outside of the group than it is about being above the group.  One of the rules for interpreting legal texts is that words not specifically defined in the text itself should be given their ordinary meaning.  The ordinary meaning of "nobility" has never included "citizen."
If that argument is not sufficient, consider that the constitution prohibits the granting of titles of nobility, which means that an interpretation that includes "Citizen" as a title of nobility would render the constitution logically inconsistent.  It would also be unworkable in practical terms, because nobody would be qualified to serve in congress nor to become president, as these offices are open only to citizens of the United States.
Another rule of legal interpretation is that absurd interpretations are to be avoided.  A constitution that requires citizenship to serve in the government while at the same time forbidding the granting of citizenship is an absurdity, and the simplest way to avoid this absurd result is to recognize that "citizen" is not a title of nobility.
Comment: "It is not considered a title of nobility because it isn't."  Thank you.  Words have meanings.
Comment: Nothing in my question suggested that the granting of citizenship was forbidden. Your jump to absurdity is itself absurd. Further, your comment on inconsistency highlights my point. Legal arguments commonly refer back to English precedent, which also goes back to Roman precedent. In Rome, citizens were essentially on par with what we now consider to be nobles.
Answer: Two completely distinct questions here:

How should the language in the 14th Amendment be interpreted?
Should there be birthright citizenship in a modern nation?

As to the first bullet point, at the time of writing and since, both in general usage and in legal decisions, citizenship was not considered a title of 'nobility.'
To the second bullet point, that belongs more on Politics SE, but think of the chaos if babies born to citizens abroad were not citizens, and had to apply like any other immigrant. There might be women who go into labor and try to rush home. Parents with a newborn baby who cannot take their baby home because (s)he lacks a passport and visa.
Also keep in mind that many countries do not have ius soli, that is citizenship based on the birthplace, at least not for tourists. So some of those people might become stateless.
Answer: Your question is a philosophical question, not a legal question.

"If all men are created equal, then why should this distinction
exist?"

If you are asking why this distinction should [ethically] exist, that is a fascinating philosophical question. Many people do believe that the right of migration is a fundamental human right. And many people do believe that voting is not only a civic / civil right, but a human right. But these are not legal questions.
If you are instead asking why this distinction should [legally] exist, the premise of your question is wrong. The Declaration of Independence in general, and "all men are created equal" in particular were not written as legally binding documents at the founding of the US. The Preamble of the Constitution begins with these words:

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution...

Thus, the Constitution was written to define the civil/civic rights of a particular people (i.e. the People of the United States) and their posterity. By forbidding titles of nobility, the authors of the Constitution sought to prevent the People being separated into ranks. They did not intend to group the People (and their posterity!) into the same rank as all other humans on earth.
Is this ethically justified? Great (non-legal) question. Is this legally justified? By definition, yes, since the Constitution is the highest law in the US.
Comment: Of course, while English and Roman law may have indicated otherwise, _in this regard_, it makes sense that US law would seek to distinguish itself. Thanks for being thorough in your response.


Unipolar and Bipolar Stepper motors

Question: I would like to universal stepper motor driver circuit. Is it possible for one circuit to be able to drive unipolar and bipolar motors with only a firmware change or do they require much different circuits? I know that bipolar motors use 4 wires and unipolar uses 6 so if i use a connector with 6 pins would it be possible?
Answer: You can drive a unipolar stepper with a bipolar stepper circuit-- just ignore the center taps.  In fact, it should be more efficient to drive a unipolar stepper this way.  The only reason (that I know of) to drive a unipolar stepper in the traditional way is to simplify the hardware; if you've already got a pair of H-bridges, you may as well use them.
Comment: This will not work on motors where the center taps are connected together (They do exist).
Comment: i almost said 'ignore the taps' but then freaked out that maybe the field sequence inside the motor would be wrong, but i think you are actually right. so +1 for that!
Answer: Sometimes.
There are actually three stepper motor topologies. "Bipolar", "Unipolar", and "Universal" (the parlance I have always heard, anyways).
Bipolar motors are 4-leaded, and have two field separate field coils.
Unipolar motors are 5 leaded, and effectively have 4 field coils, with one end of each connected together (The "Common" lead) See Here.
Universal motors have 6 leads, and are effectively a center-tapped bipolar motor.
A 5-leaded unipolar motor cannot be driven with a bipolar stepper motor driver. A bipolar driver can only drive a universal or bipolar motor.
Comment: the usual way to drive a 5-wire motor is to put the common at +V and then use open collector drivers to pull the coil ends low one at a time in sequence, isn't it? So if you have a bipolar driver that is a pair of H-bridges, it has four low-side drive transistors; where's the problem?
Comment: Hmmm. I suppose if you're doing full-stepping, and the unused winding is off **and floating**, it might work. However, if you're doing microstepping, or the driver clamps the unused winding, all sorts of weird stuff would happen. Basically, you would always be driving 1 1/2 windings, and possibly not in the right direction.
Comment: ok, now what if you're half-stepping a regular bipolar motor; assume each coil is driven identically (except in phase, of course), and think about the voltage at the exact center of the windings. At some moments you have one coil hi-Z and one driven, other moments both coils are driven. With one coil off (hi/floating/etc) the floating coil is effectively out of the circuit. No prob. With both coils driven, no matter which direction, the voltage at the centers of the coils should be the same, and it wouldn't matter if you wired them together.

Unipolar and Bipolar Stepper motors


how to edit woocommerce checkout page

Question: i have created my own theme for my woocommerce store i'm facing a layout issue in the checkout page, after debugging in chrome tools somehow i find out that the default main div is set to col-1 and if i were to edit it to col-12 that would fix the issue here however i'm using shortcode to use the woocommerce checkout functionality so i dont really have checkout page file and so not able to edit/override the checkout page so please if anyone can help me on how to set the default div from col-1 to be col-12 would be much appreciable.
Thanks.
Answer: this solves the issue here:
<code>.woocommerce .col-1, .woocommerce .col-2 {
        max-width:none;
}
</code>
Answer: You can make changes in the HTML structure of checkout page by making changes in checkout template of WooCommerce.
WooCommerce provides the feature to overwrite its default templates by adding template files in your active theme and making changes in those files.
Refer WooCommerce docs: https://docs.woocommerce.com/document/template-structure/
If you have the WooCommerce template in your theme then WooCommerce will call that template instead of calling the template from WooCommerce plugin.

how to edit woocommerce checkout page


Rails3 ajax updating data for use in google maps

Question: I have an ajax-form to send the points and with these points I find the shortest path between these two points.
All this works without ajax, just send the data to the server and re-render the page and all that stuff, but I need this work with ajax
The problem is I can't send/upload the data(json) I generate in the server(controller + model) to the client(view)
I'm doing this (1) and how I said it works whitout ajax
(1)
# views/places/finder.html.erb
<%= form_tag({controller: "places", action: "found"}, remote: true) do %>
    <%= hidden_field_tag :lon_s %> #
    <%= hidden_field_tag :lat_s %> # these fields are updated automatically
    <%= hidden_field_tag :lon_t %> # with clicks the user do on the map
    <%= hidden_field_tag :lat_t %> #

    <%= submit_tag "Buscar ruta", id: 'buscar_ruta' %>
<% end -%>

#places_controller.rb
def found
    res = Way.path_cost_from(params[:lon_s].to_f, params[:lat_s].to_f,
                             params[:lon_t].to_f, params[:lat_t].to_f)
    @costo = res[:cost]
    gon.poly = Way.get_way(res[:edges])
    @path = Way.get_way(res[:edges])
end

#views/places/found.js.coffee
console.log <%= @costo %> #this show the cost in the console, it works.
console.log <%= gon.poly %> #undefined local variable or method `gon'
console.log <%= @path %> #Error: Parse error on line 3: Unexpected ':'

Before in the ajax-less version I use the gon gem, to pass the points needed for the Google maps API need to show/build a polyline.
#assets/javascripsts/places.js.coffee
if gon.poly?
  poly = gon.poly
  MAP.addPolyline poly

poly is an object I build in a json format.
each do |point|
    path << { lon: unprojected_point.x, lat: unprojected_point.y }
end
return path

If you like you can see my project in my github account https://github.com/figuedmundo/final
I was looking for examples to do this but the only examples I found was to render some html code for update the page (the normal ajax), but the google maps api is just javascript.

Solution
The idea of my code might not be the optimal but it works and in the end that's what the client want.
The problem was that the variable @path that was passed to the view automatically was scaped so the json object wasn't readable. html_safe do the trick
console.log <%=  @path.html_safe %>

Answer: I think you could try to use
<%= f.submit_tag "Buscar ruta", id: 'buscar_ruta' %>
Instead of
<%= submit_tag "Buscar ruta", id: 'buscar_ruta' %
Comment: actually if I put the f. it shows me an error `undefined method 'submit_tag' for nil:NilClass` becouse for the form_tag helper there is not necesary the `|f|` after the  `do`, that was my mistake.


Experience using Strobe Media Playback (OSMF)?

Question: Does anyone have an experience of using Strobe Media Playback (OSMF) in a real project?
How is it compared to JW Player and Flowplayer?
Any answers are kindly accepted.
Thank you!
Answer: OSMF helps in standardizing and streamlining development for media delivery and will , as a framework , hide all the details from you the developer and give you a set of tools to simplify your task.
Also , OSMF aim at using the same tools whether you're dealing with video, audio & images. So on one hand , you have a simplified approach to develop your own video solution but on the other hand you can broaden this approach and use OSMF for all types of media.
It seems OSMF will get a lot of support, Flash is widely used for video delivery and media delivery, so the idea of a standardized approach has been welcomed by the community.
Strobe Media Playback is an implementation of OSMF , since Adobe is behind it , it may mean that they would want it to become a standard for video delivery in Flash. Of course JWP & FP have been around for quite some time, but my guess is SMP may come as a strong contender... Just a guess :)
Comment: How do you think the current situation is? Has OSMF become a strong contender?
Answer: I definitely love BSD license in Strobe player.
It definitely seems like that's gonna become new standard flash player.
With Adobe behind it - I'd personally rather use that's free, open-source, no strings attached and directly from manufacturer.
Seems like no brainer to me.
Though - Strobe's docs are totally scattered all over the place....
Answer: This is now a very old post so I thought it would be good to revive it since a lot have changed the last 4 years.
StrobeMediaPlayback is no longer being maintained so the project has stranded. It is completely based on OSMF and can only be used on the Adobe Flash platform. You will probably have to use it in combination with another html5 player. OSMF has no html5 fallback. In my experience a lot of development is needed if you want to use it professionally. It is true that there are a lot of osmf plugins out there, but the default skin it comes with will probably need to be changed. And that will probably cost you between 2-6 months of work depending on what you need.
Flowplayer and JW Player is still actively being developed. My personal view is that JW Player is the strongest of the three when you compare feature set and so on, but JW Player is also a commercial player and it will cost you if you want to use it professionally. Flowplayer on the other hand has a GLP v3 license. So it is possible to use it free of charge. Please keep in mind though that you probably will end up spending quite a bit of time developing your final solution if you need it for a professional site. So the amount of resources you have to spend on Flowplayer more then defends buying a JW Player license. Both of these players comes in html5 with a flash fallback.
I have been maintaining a StrobeMediaPlayback custom flash/html5 player now for the last 2 years and although it has been fun, it has also cost us somewhere between 1200 and 2000 hours of development and maintenance only during the last two years. Multiply that with your hourly consultancy fee and you have a hefty sum.
It is no longer the case that you necessarily need to have a flash fallback though. You might as well go for a html5 player with the current browser support for html5 and the Media Source API. This means that there is no reason to choose StrobeMediaPlayback. You also don't need neither Flowplayer or JW Player. There are a lot of other html5 players out there.
If you want to use as little time as possible figuring out how things works, then I would go with JW Player. Development time costs money and JW player minimize that significantly.
If the license that JW Player doesn't go well with your business model and you can ignore the 2% users that still only can use flash, then I would go for a pure html5 video player.
Support for Media Source API: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MediaSource
IE usage: http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_explorer.asp
Firefox usage: http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_firefox.asp
Here is a crude comparison of html5 video players. You might find other comparisons out there that is better: http://html5video.org/wiki/HTML5_Video_Player_Comparison


Dead Battery Voltage and its Charging

Question:
How can we say a battery,say Li-ion battery, is dead when it is 2.8V itself instead of 0V? How can the 2.8V not give current? What is happening? This question, is applicable to all other batteries also. Why do we say a battery is dead when it is not completely 0V, but when it is hanging some very around 2.8V for Lithium ion and 1.1V for the AA battery whose nominal voltage is 1.5V and others?

I have a Li-ion battery which I tried to charge. The maximum voltage mentioned in the battery is 4.4V max. And its nominal voltage is 3.85V. But, when I connect the battery to the USB Charger to charge the dead battery which was at 2.8V, the voltage line reads 4.6V. How is the 4.6V obtained and won't the battery get damaged as we are feeding 4.6V which is more than its maximum 4.4V voltage which is mentioned?
Comment: 1) different batteries have different chemistry and you seem to ask this without even trying to do own research, there is plenty material about this subject 2) In you other question you already have an answer to that, there is a charger chip between supply input and battery. Please don't ask same question in multiple places before getting an answer.
Comment: Does this answer your question? [Battery Discharged - But Potential difference exists without any current flow](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/505608/battery-discharged-but-potential-difference-exists-without-any-current-flow)
Comment: No. I am not clear on why you call a battery dead when it has some voltage left in it? And is that voltage not capable to provide current? Can someone provide a real example of a battery that will not work because it has less voltage (the dead condition, even if it has some voltage left)
Comment: A dead battery is one that can't be successfully recharged to provide a useful battery with broadly the same energy capacity as a new battery. 2.8 volts is not a dead battery exactly but you shouldn't use it as a power source because as soon as the voltage drops to something closer to 2.5 volts, it will be unusable and non-re-chargeable. Then it can be regarded as dead.
Answer: Short answer: Think of your dead battery as the same battery but with very very reduced capacity. If you leave it alone, it shows some voltage. But as soon as you plug it into a device to extract current from it, it gets empty within milliseconds. When you try to charge it, it appears to fill up quickly.
Discussion: There are many failure modes for each type of battery, some leave them at 0V, some cause them to have high internal resistance, some leave them with reduced charge capacity, some make them leaky. These failure modes can occur alone or simultaneously. The two indications that you mentioned, both seem to be caused by a battery having too little capacity.
But even for a good lithium ion battery, the amount of charge available in the battery is not proportional to it's voltage. An Li ion battery delivers most of its charge between 3.4 V and 4.2 V. Below this voltage, it does have some charge, and it will definitely supply current, but its voltage will fall towards zero very quickly if you draw current from it.
Comment: Thank you. Take a 12V lead acid battery as an example. Why do we say the battery is dead when it drops to around 11.9V? It has voltage right? So, it must provide current even if it is 11.9V, right?
Comment: To be honest, I wouldn't call it dead when it is at 11.9 V. :-) There is a lot of difference between a dead battery and an empty battery. You can charge up an empty battery (if it is chargeable) and it will be just like a new one. But a dead battery is actually defective. It's broken from inside. Also, the voltage of every battery falls as you use it. So a "12V" lead acid battery has about 13.2 V when it is fully charged, about 11.8 V when it has 50% juice left and most people would say its empty when it has about 10.5 V.
Comment: So, at 10.5 V, it can still supply a little current, but its voltage will fall to zero from here very quickly.
Answer: Inside the cell there are two voltage sources in series (one for each electrode). What you read at the terminals is the sum of those two voltage sources (or the difference, depending on how you define the sign).

For an LCO Li-ion cell, at 2.8 V at the terminals, the internal voltages inside the cell are still all positive.
At about 2.5 V at the terminals, one of the internal voltages in the cell drops to 0 V. That's when the cell is truly empty, but that's too close to disaster, so you don't want to go there.
Below about 2.5 V at the terminals, that internal voltage source is negative. That damages the electrode irreparably

So, yes, you can discharge the cell to 0 V at the terminals. But that's the last time you get to use that cell. If you then try to recharge it, for some chemistries the cell will catch fire.
Comment: "when I connect the battery to the USB Charger to charge the dead battery which was at 2.8V, the voltage line reads 4.6V. How is the 4.6V obtained and won't the battery get damaged"

That cell is already damaged.

Dead Battery Voltage and its Charging