How to fix when there is bubble after putting tempered glass and why is this happening?

Question: I am using Iphone SE. When I put the tempered glass there generated bubble in the corner.  I tried to fix it but it does not work & I have changed my tempered glass twice but still the bubble gets generated. Why is this happening & how do I fix this?
Comment: A picture might help, and an explanation of what "put the tempered glass" means... as an overlay?
Comment: @DrMoishePippik You've never heard of tempered glass screen protectors?
Comment: Or is it a screen replacement?
Answer: If it's in the corner it is probably due to micro dust, you need to use a micro fiber tissue in order to remove them. Sometime when you buy a screen protector there is a sticker sent with it that helps to get those micro dust stuck on the sticker. Also doing this in an humid environment such as a bathroom seems to help .
source : Bathroom steam
Answer: If the bubble is in the middle of the glass (it's not touching any sides), then it could be a piece of dust.  Sometimes you can see them, sometimes you can't.  What you can do is get a piece of tape (masking tape works best), lift up the corner closest to the bubble, then slide the tape in between the glass and the phone. Press down on it, then lift the corner up again and slide the tape out.  Most of the time, the dust is stuck on the screen protector so try with the sticky side up first.  If it doesn't work, flip the masking tape and try with the sticky side down.  Do not take the screen protector off all the way or you will likely get more dust inside.
When you let the corner down, slightly press the protector from the inside and slide your finger towards the outside to slide the air out.  With practice, you should be able to get it nearly perfect.


Start X-application at boot

Question: I have x-application which monitors remote object and displays corresponding picture on the screen.
If I run startx and then from another terminal start this application it starts successfully and displays all what msut be disaplyed. Without running startx application doesn't start saying it unable to connect to display. Reasonably. X11 is not started.
How to start this application (including X11, of cause) at boot time?
Without login (Linux box doesn't have keyboard)
Answer: You can use cron to start programs/scripts at boot. Install cron and use crontab -e to edit the cron file for the current user. Add a line like the following
@reboot /path/to/program --options

Save and close. The program should run at boot even without login.
If your program/script isn't starting, make sure the cron service is enabled.
systemctl status cron

If it is disabled use the following to enable the service:
systemctl enable cron

Comment: Is it good to call xinit this way?
Comment: I'm not sure what you mean by "is it good". This is a way to call a program at boot and works the same way you would call the program on the command line. `cron` is a widely used program to run scheduled tasks. You can use `cron` to run programs every X hours/days/months but it also supports running programs on boot instead of at incremental times. If you need to start applications in a specific order, you could write a simple shell script which starts them in the order needed, and simply kickoff that script at boot with `cron`

Start X-application at boot


have setup teamcity CI in gitlab ,when a build is triggered do we have an option to know wheather its started by webhook or vcs polling

Question: how can we know a build has been started by webhook or vcs polling in teamcity .repo is stored in gitlab and teamcity is CI tool.earlier we were building using the VCS polling ,now added teamcity CI integration like shown in the screeshot,how to know my integration with teamcity is working
Answer: When you click on particular build -> Overview
There is label called Triggered by:
if it was triggered by user then "username" is appears otherwise "VCS Trigger" or "Schedule Trigger" is written.
Comment: thanks abut that ,can i have a gitlab webhook which can hit the teamcity,each time a commit change occurs. http://teamcity.int:8080/app/rest/vcs-root-instances/commitHookNotification?locator=vcsRoot:(id:$vcsrootId) but hitting a 401 :
Hook executed successfully but returned HTTP 401 Authentication required To login manually go to "/login.html" page


Is it legal in United States to record your computer screen while you do employment/computer work if you're the only person recorded and you're alone?

Question: Is it legal in United States to record your computer screen while you do work on a computer if you're the only person recorded and you're alone?
Comment: The trouble with your question is that it is difficult, if not impossible, to say that no such law exists anywhere.  If there is some valid reason to believe it might be restricted you may get a better response if you can articulate why.
Answer: There is no general legal prohibition on recording everything on your computer screen while working. There may be specific circumstances when it is illegal, such as:

You are in a national security job or otherwise have legally confidential material that appears on your screen for which you are granted only temporary access while you are working on it.

Your employer has a non-disclosure agreement that prohibits this conduct.

You share copyrighted or confidential material that you record with someone not entitled to see it.

A more rich factual context would be necessary to determine if this was illegal in a particular situation. It is often legal to do, but not always.
Conversely, there are some circumstances (e.g. bank tellers, some securities trading professionals, some national security work, and cashiers) where employees are required by their employer to record everything that they do on their computer.
Comment: @Trish A recording of a lawyer writing an appellate brief would really be no more troubling than saving a copy of the brief on their hard drive, which is done all the time, as long as the recording isn't shared. For example, someone might do that to study how to improve the lawyer's posture and typing, or to corroborate time entries (e.g. with an in house admin person using the recording to do time entries for the lawyer so that the lawyer could focus on billable work instead of time entries). In some circumstances, it would be a problem, but it wouldn't be banned *per se*, even for lawyers.
Comment: @Trish The premise of this question is that you are the only person recorded. Even in a video conference, however, recording in lieu of taking notes is probably harmless as long as the recording is kept in house. The release of the video would be problematic. The taking of it, not so much.
Comment: aaaand there are cases where the mere existence of such a recording could be problematic, e.g. Lawyers.
Comment: it's the moment they are in a video conference with their client it gets a problem due to privilege. I didn't said it was illegal, just that the existance could be problematic.


Can maximum log likelihood take a value of 0?

Question: Can maximum log likelihood take a value of 0 ? I am using nlminb() in R to  minimize a function that returns -sum(log(x)), and I am getting the  $objective from nlminb()  of my full model as 0 and null model as 0.47.
Comment: Why shouldn't it take such value..?
Comment: @Tim Since a likelihood is often defined as a *probability* and all probabilities are $1$ or less, the logarithm must not be positive.  Thus, a positive "log likelihood" can only be reported when shortcuts are taken to avoid computing a normalizing constant for the probability distribution or else probability *densities* are involved.  Therefore it seems like there's good motivation for this question.
Comment: @whuber agree, I asked so that the question is stated directly.
Answer:
Can maximum log likelihood take a value of 0 ?

This boils down to "can a log-likelihood take a value of 0?", to which the answer is "certainly, yes"; log-likelihoods may be positive, negative or zero. Consider, for example, that densities can be greater than 1 and a product of things above and below 1 could happen to come out to be essentially 1.
However - and I suspect this might be the case here - it's common to shift log-likelihoods by common but arbitrary constants* (as long as it's the same arbitrary constant each time if you're making comparisons). In this situation it's quite possible that they're making it such that the full model has likelihood 0 (besides simplifying things like subsequent likelihood ratio tests, it may well be useful for numerical reasons).
* indeed Fisher defined likelihood up to a multiplicative constant, so some authors at least would say that's not just a common thing to do but actually part of how likelihoods work.
Comment: No. Even if you define log-likelihood as exactly the log of the joint density it can be positive, since (obviously) density can be greater than 1.
Comment: you said that the log likelihood can be "positive, negative or zero". But it is only positive if you set an offset, right?


Which S-100 systems supported both hard- and soft-sectored 8-inch floppies?

Question: In the late 1970s to early 80s incompatible system software (i.e. MicroSoft Basic and CP/M 1.4) for S100 computers could be released in 8 inch, hard and soft sector, floppy disk formats. In that era what computer systems allowed you simply swap backwards and forwards between these incompatible hard (MicroSoft BASIC) and soft (CP/M 1.4) sector disc formats on the one 8 inch floppy disc drive by a reboot?
Comment: You might largely overestimate the concepts of *compatibility* and *data exchange* requirements for early computing. These came up only relatively late in the CP/M history and with 5 1/4" drives. Most people were absolutely happy when they could read *their own* disks :) Data exchange between computing islands wasn't really a thing.
Comment: There was no data exchange or transfer of information between the IMS hard and soft sector 8 inch floppy disks. System booted in one mode or the other but did not have a dual mode. Hard sector mode was only to access historical documents
Answer: On a "standard" soft-sectored 8" disk, the drive generates one (index) pulse per rotation. On a hard-sectored floppy, the same drive will generate 33 (or 17) pulses (32 sector pulses plus one index pulse which is out-of-sync with the others - The sector and index holes were (on most drives, but not on all) located on the same circumference and picked up by the same sensor).
The Shugart SA 801 8" floppy drives provide a separate sector and index signal (many other drives could do this as well, the SA 801 is only an example. They filter out the one out-of sync pulse and provide it as an index pulse). This makes it possible to build a controller that can read and write both soft and hard sectored disks. (For soft-sectored disks, simply ignore the sector pulses and work on index only). In practice, you could connect the SA 801 drive to either a controller for hard- or soft-sectored (simply don't connect the sector signal) floppies, it would work on both. By doing that, you could even format a hard-sectored floppy as a soft-sectored one (That could, obviously, not be read by a soft-sector-only drive, so this was relatively useless) .
Drive electronics providing the necessary signals, however, is only part of the picture. To be able to handle both hard-sectored and soft-sectored floppies in the same drive, you'd need a controller that can do both (Note a disk controller for a hard-sectored drive can be built a lot simpler than for soft-sectored, so from a pure cost perspective, you'd probably prefer hard-sectored).
The TMS-9909 is one example of a floppy disk controller that could handle both hard and soft-sectored disks with specific commands (I have yet to find a controller board that used it, though, although we can be sure there was one and I didn't do an exhaustive search. The TMS9909 apparently only had a very limited lifespan). The rest is "only software".... Because the hardware preconditions could all be fulfilled, there were specific "format conversion boxes" that could basically read and write anything and convert between various formats. Modern µ-Controller-based floppy hardware (Fluxcopy/Fluxteen, for example) support both hard and soft-sectored disks.
Comment: I worked for a reseller of Industrial Micro Systems, S100 systems with the Shugart 8in drives and lawyers had purchased it with software for document editing. It was configured with a hard sector controller and MicroSoft software. CP/M 1.4 was a step up but incompatible and it was delivered on soft-sectored disks. As it was S100 system a soft sectored controller could also be installed. Add the TTL logic to switch the drive between hard and soft sectored and you could easily boot into either system. I was unaware that the TMS-9909 existed
Answer: I'm not aware of any systems that had configurable hard/soft sector floppy drives.   Typically the floppy drive internal electronics were different, so switching between hard and soft sectoring would be difficult.
Comment: "I've never heard of any, because it was hard to do" is a comment than an answer.


If rental agreement is month to month, must one full month of notice be given before leaving?

Question: If no contract was signed and the verbal agreement was month-to-month (no specific end of tenancy) must 1 full month of notice be given to move out and get the damage deposit back?
Comment: Where is the rental located?
Comment: @WBT it's in BC
Comment: The way I wrote mine the counter resets on the first so you would have to wait until the first. But I normally prorate unless the direct damages would exceed the deposit.
Answer: In most jurisdictions, yes, you must give 30 days notice; this is a statutory requirement incumbent on both parties. This (your rental type) is a tenancy-at-will. If you pay rent monthly (on 1st) then this is the period of time required for notice to vacate. In some jurisdictions 30 days is required no matter what intervals you may rent (say weekly), other jurisdictions if you pay rent weekly then a week's notice is all that's necessary. This is In the absence of a rental agreement setting forth another agreed to term.
See this question:
If no prior contracts have been signed, can a landlord make tenants sign after a week of tenancy?
It is not the same but there is some information on this type of tenancy.
Comment: @clipclopshop you've stated this correctly. Put your finger on the calendar on the day you give notice. Now slide your finger to the end of the month which contains the day you gave notice. This second finger position is where you start counting from. There is no prorating rule.
Comment: So if someone's rent is due on the first and they don't give notice on the first, they are stuck paying the entire next months rent? Or can they insist on getting it prorated?
Comment: The notice must be a full month if you pay by the month. However, the law on *when* you must give notice varies  and can differ from state-to-state and even municipality-to-municipality. So, in most places you must give notice the day before the next 30 day period begins (if you pay on the 1st, the day before), in other places you get until the 1st of the month prior. In even fewer places, you can give notice whenever you want, but you must stay, and pay the prorated portion for the full thirty day term. (So if you give notice on the 15th, you must pay a half months rent on the first).
Comment: The last example is very uncommon.  You can usually call your local HUD office, a local housing court, or even many real estate agents who deal with rental to find out what is the law in your area if you do not wish to call a lawyer. Most lawyers will give you a free, limited, phone consultation, but may not give you this information depending on the practitioner, as they may feel it creates an attorney/client relationship in the event they are wrong and your town has it's own ordinance. You can never be wrong if you give it the day before the first. Make sure notice is in writing.
Comment: In California, by the statutes, you're only required to pay rent by the end of the month, NOT on the 1st (unless you've agreed to pay on the 1st in the contract).
Answer: In Ontario, you're normally required to give at least a 60-day notice to end the tenancy.
In many other jurisdictions, it's normally 25 to 30 days.
It appears that in British Columbia, a notice must be received at least one month before the effective date of the notice (and, weirdly enough, if the government site as per below is to be believed, it looks like you must still pay for one full month of rent after giving out a notice, e.g., you might effectively have to give out the notice as many as almost two months prior to moving out).
A quick search (for something like >>british columbia tenancy 30 days<<) reveals a government web-site on the matter:
http://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/housing-tenancy/residential-tenancies/ending-a-tenancy.
http://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/housing-tenancy/residential-tenancies/ending-a-tenancy/tenant-notice

For a month-to-month, or periodic tenancy agreement, a tenant must serve written notice to end the tenancy so that it's received:

At least one month before the effective date of the notice, and
Before the day that rent is due

In order for the tenancy to end the following month, the landlord has to receive the notice before the date the rent is normally paid. For example, if rent is due on the first day of the month, a notice given on March 15 would not take effect until the last day of April and the tenant would have to pay rent for the month of April.

Ouch!  Basically, it looks like you must still pay the landlord for one full month of rent after giving out the notice.
Comment: That's exactly what I said in my answer. Statutes like that are most common. It is typically one month from the date rent is due. When there is a date certain that you pay rent (usually either the first of the month or the date the tenancy began), if you give notice any time after the point in which the rent is due, the 30 day period starts 30 days from the period's beginning. So if you don't give notice until the 3rd and rent was due on the 1st, you're on the hook for nearly two months!
Comment: @gracey209, I thought they're usually just a normal 25 to 30 days!  so, with this end of month + 1 month rule, is there no option to end a lease mid-month at all?  or does it then have to be into a third-month, if we're giving a notice after already having had paid for the present month?
Comment: So hypothetically, you have no rental agreement? And you pay on the first?
Comment: If that is the case, then yes. Unfortunately, you should have given written notice with your rent, or if you payed the last month prior, then a month before you plan to move. If you gave notice on the fifth, you have to give notice at the end of the month, and pay for a last final month. You can move, but you'll still have to pay that last month.
Comment: If the place has unfixed problems or if the landlord is doing something that gives you the legal right to give less than a months notice that is another situation. You can claim constructive eviction in those type situations.
Comment: That is how you have to do it for it to be kosher and so you don't lose your deposit. If you've done no damage to the apartment, and your deposit is about your last months rent, you can just leave with less than the full month and forfeit that.


DSAS asking to set metadata to proceed

Question: I'm using DSAS v4.3 with an ArcGIS software 10.3. Every time I edit the defaults and click to create transect I get the following error
Comment: Error messages should always be included in the Question body as text. This assures that the message is legible on all devices and can be searched for by others with the same problem. Note that 10.3 is now in a Retired support status, so you less likely to find others to reproduce the issue.
Answer: I was able to fix by changing the metadata for the ArcGIS software to FGDC through customize > ArcMap Options > Metadata Tab

DSAS asking to set metadata to proceed


My voice comes out like a guitar on Discord

Question: Discord (VoIP) never works for me. When I speak, people always tell me I sound like a guitar or a robot, or that my voice is really glitchy. I can hear them fine though. I have tried changing the server, rebooting the PC/Router/Modem, and making a rule for it to bypass my firewall, but nothing seems to work. This has been going on since I moved house 2 years ago. Please help.  P.S I use the desktop app.
WebRTC Test Results
Comment: How did you get those results? Did you talk to their support? Are you using the Webclient or installed client?
Answer: This sounds like packet loss on the outbound leg of the connection. The issue is most likely that a user in the LAN is saturating the connection.  Try isolating it to just your device to the router, and ensure only the VOIP program is running.  If that works, start adding things back until you find the culprit - which may be p2p software or malware or something else.   Once you find it, eliminate it, or run QoS to give it low priority.
Comment: Thanks for the informative answer. I wil try this and get back to you.
Comment: tried this. no succcess


How to use OnKeyboardActionListener?

Question: Simply say, is there any example about 'OnKeyboardActionListener'?
I want to call my method, whenever user type any character on keyboard.
OnKeyListener or OnKeyDown is not called when the word is composing. <- it's a problem.
So, I'm trying to use 'OnKeyboardActionListener' to solve the problem above.
Comment: You've asked 3 total questions on this site in the last day.  They are all the same question, just worded slightly differently.  Please refrain from doing this.  If you need to provide further information in your original question just edit it.
Answer:
Simply say, is there any example about
  'OnKeyboardActionListener'?

This interface is used in the creation of input method editors ("soft keyboards"). The SoftKeyboard sample that shipped with your SDK uses this interface.

I want to call my method, whenever
  user type any character on keyboard.

If this is your own keyboard, follow the SoftKeyboard example.
Answer: OnKeyboardActionListener is for implementing software keyboards.
OnKeyListener and OnKeyDown do not get called, as you have discovered, when using a software keyboard.  They only get called when using a hardware keyboard, which many Android devices don't even have.
I assume what you are trying to do is capture key events as they are occurring in an EditText area.  Your best bet in this case, in order to handle both software keyboard input and hardware keyboard input, is to register a TextWatcher via the addTextChangedListener() method.
Note that on phones with Android 2.1 and later, such as the Nexus One, people have the option of using speech recognition to input text into your EditText instead of typing the text.  When they do that you may get full words, or even full sentences, entered all at once.  So you need to check the entire contents of the EditText field when there is a change to the contents.

How to use OnKeyboardActionListener?


Requirements for getting into a German physics MSc

Question: I am in my second year of a BSc in Physics in India. I want to pursue my physics graduate degree (MS) in Germany. I want to know what graduate schools are looking for in my application there.
Comment: As I commented on a similar question: An MSc is not considered a graduate degree in Germany, but as the second part of an undergraduate study that prepares for the research-only PhD. As such, you only need to satisfy the formal requirements (i.e., an equivalent of that university's BSc, possibly including specific courses). For details, you *need* to look at the specific university's examination regulations (*Prüfungsordnung* in German).
Comment: Thank you very much. @ChristianClason. I think u should have posted that as the formal answer to this question.
Comment: @PranavSinghal It's a completely formal procedure: If you meet the requirements set out in the regulations, you're in. None of the universities I know have limited admissions to Masters programs (in physics at least), although most have a minimum grade on the BSc (equivalent).
Comment: What I mean is, what criteria do they use to find out who is good at physics and research. what are they looking for in my applications?
Comment: @ChristianClason Can you also tell me if universities(like yours) look for anything specifc while selecting cadidates for the physics M.Sc program?
Answer: This seems to be a common misconception: An MSc is not considered a graduate degree in Germany but the second part of an undergraduate study that prepares for the research-only PhD. As such, the universities are required by law to admit all applicants that satisfy the formal requirements as specified in the examination regulations (Prüfungsordnung in German). (The only exception is if the number of applicants exceeds the capacity of the department, which to my knowledge is not the case for physics in most places.)
These regulations vary somewhat between universities and disciplines (and even different courses of study within a discipline), so you really need to look at the one of the specific university you're interested in (or google Masters physics admission $UNIVERSITY, if you don't know enough German), but it boils down to holding a sufficiently successful Bachelor's degree that is reasonably similar to the one offered by that university. What this means depends on the course of study, but as a rough guideline

the degree must be recognized as equivalent to a Bachelor's in scope (number of credits, mostly 180 ECTS) and depth (university-level);
the transcript must show certain courses deemed crucial by the department (the regulations will contain the list of courses, whose contents can then be looked up in the Modulhandbuch);
the diploma must show a minimum grade (again, this will be given in the regulations; I've often seen 3.0 or better according to the German grading system which goes from 1.0 (best) to 4.0 (barely passing).)

In addition, you need to

show proficiency in the teaching language as given in the regulations (this could be either German, English, or both). Most regulations I've seen also explicitly require a German language certificate
for the Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (DSH).

Although these requirements will be checked on a purely formal level, there's usually some leeway in the proceedings; e.g, if you are missing some courses from point 2, you might be admitted under the condition that you catch up on them within the first year, and a grade worse than required by point 3 might be compensated for by a brief oral examination where you show that your academic performance from here on is likely to be better than in the past. (But it's important to stress that this is not required if you already meet all the formal requirements.)
As an example, you can look at the admissions page of the TU Munich (which is regarded as one of the more "professionalized", as these things go).
Comment: That depends very much on the course of study (again, look at the Prüfungsordnung) -- for some, the teaching language is German, in which case *yes*, for others its English, in which case you need to show proficiency in that. (Needless to say, learning German is highly recommended if you want to spend several years in the country...)
Comment: ty for the answer, this is what I was looking for. Can u also tell me if I need to learn German?
Comment: @PranavSinghal Actually, yes, (some) German language proficiency is often a separate, explicit, requirement.
Comment: Do colleges in germany ask for gre scores? subject and general?
Comment: Again, this very much depends on the university and the degree. You really need to ask the specific admissions office what precisely they require. But, yes, some do (in which case it's usually the general, not the subject), although many don't (or only list it as one possibility of demonstrating the necessary language proficiency).


Is running a Windows .EXE inherently slower via Cygwin than via BAT?

Question: We are running a Windows .EXE file via a Cygwin script and are encountering performance issues.  I have seen various posts about Cygwin performance issues, including this one, one of whose answers delves enough into Cygwin internals to make me think there could be a problem.  However, these posts do seem to be more about startup time, tab completion, etc. Before we launch on a benchmarking witch hunt, I was hoping to ask: is there any intrinsic reason why a Windows .EXE could run slower if kicked off from Cygwin vs. BAT?
Comment: If you are seeing high CPU load, that might indicate a runaway thread, which could conceivably be caused by a bug in your program in combination with some difference in the way Cygwin launches it.
Answer: Not the actual program, no.
Housekeeping and stuff before running the program may vary. Cmd probably calls CreateProcess directly. Cygwin's bash may first do argument parsing, wildcard expansion, fork via Cygwin's slow implementation and call exec with the parsed arguments, which Cygwin has to piece together into a string again to pass to CreateProcess. But in the end, a new process is created which has no ties to its parent anymore. So how fast your program runs entirely depends on that program, not on who launched it.
Comment: @HarryJohnston: Well, there's always situations like [these](http://stackoverflow.com/q/21947452/73070) ;-).
Comment: @HarryJohnston: I wouldn't know that, but that would only affect input and output via them, not the speed at which the program runs, wouldn't it?
Comment: Typically, yes, but a sufficiently buggy program might behave differently depending on the standard handles.  It wouldn't be my first or even my second guess, but I wouldn't rule it out entirely.  :-)
Comment: There's no difference, e.g., in the way the standard handles are set up?


How to create extendable jmeter test plans?

Question: We have received 20 jmeter test plans, each testing one endpoint, which we need to run as part of AzureDevops pipeline. On some tests we need to pass parameters and others we don't.
My idea was to create a powershell script called from a pipeline that loops through the directories and runs a test, waits until finished and then runs the next test. When we develop a new endpoint we just create a new test plan and save it in the appropriate folder and the powershell script will include it next time we loop through tests.
Reading about Jmeter, it seems like the correct way run tests in sequence, is to create one Testplan that with all the tests, with Thread Groups and then set the plan to run consecutively. I could rewrite all the tests be in one file, but then adding new tests would involve editing the test plan instead of just dropping new test file in our tests directory.
My question then is, how to create extendable jmeter test plans?
Answer: Your solution with powershell makes sense.
Another idea is to use JMeter Maven Plugin which automatically runs all the scripts it finds under src/test/jmeter folder relative to pom.xml file.
You can also pass parameters via Maven pom.xml file.
More information: How to Use the JMeter Maven Plugin


In powerpoint web app 2013,PPT is not displayed correctly in MAC OS Mozilla Firefox,even working fine in other browsers

Question: I have created a PowerPoint app in SharePoint 2013 and I used a ppt in this app.
My ppt images are displaying correctly in Google Chrome and in Internet Explorer in MAC OS, but it is not displaying correctly in Mozilla Firefox in MAC OS.I have already checked possible reasons like:

Restarted my computer
Clear cookies and cache
Restarted Firefox in Safe Mode
Troubleshoot all plugins
Reinstalled Firefox
Reset Firefox

The first image is showing an incorrect display of ppt and the second image is showing the required way to display it. Does anyone know how to fix this issue?

It must be displayed like this:
Answer: I solved this issue, Silverlight plugin for Mozilla Firefox will help it out.


How to find the coefficient of $x^{l}$ in the expansion of $(1+x+x^{2}+...+x^{n})^{m}$ for some given $l$?

Question: Suppose I'd like to find the coefficient of $x^{l}$ in the expansion of  $(1+x+x^{2}+...+x^{n})^{m}$, where $n$ and $m$ are given positive integers, for some given integer $l$ such that $n < l < mn$. Is there a straightforward formula (in terms of some multinomial coefficient, or similar)?
Comment: Does this answer your question? [Multinomial Coefficients Definition in expansion of $(1+x+x^2+\cdots+x^l)^n$](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1353249/multinomial-coefficients-definition-in-expansion-of-1xx2-cdotsxln)
Answer: Using the ideas of a linked post such as $\left(\sum_0^n x^s\right)^m=(1-x^{n+1})^m (1-x)^{(-m)} $ found a much more concise answer.
Again using $L$ in place of $l\;$ the coeff of $x^L$ is
$\sum_{k=0}^{min(m,\frac L{(n+1)})}(-1)^k\binom{m}{k}\binom{m+L-k(n+1)-1}{L-k(n+1)}$
Answer: For n=1 the answer is obvious so the obvious assumptions are n>1,m>1. For sufficiently small m or n you could likely write a reasonable formula but for general m,n I am not sure of a 'straightforward' or 'closed form' answer, depending upon exactly what one would classify as being in one of those 2 categories. Though one may express the answer perhaps in the form:
$\sum_{m_1=0}^{min(m,L)}\sum_{m_2=0}^{min(m,L)}\dots \sum_{m_{min(L,n)}=0}^{min(m,L)}C(m_1,m_2,\dots,m_{min(L,n)})\prod_{j=0}^{min(L,n)}f_{j}^{(m-m_j)}\;$
where $f_j$ is $\frac{d^j}{d\:x^j}\sum_{i=0}^{n}x^i\;$ , the superscripts $(m-m_j)$ are the powers or exponents
and the $C(m_1,m_2,\dots,m_{min(L,n)})$ are constants which are the result of differentiating $\left(\sum_{i=0}^{n}x^i\right)^m \;$ L  times where have written the capital  L to stand for your $l$. Then we can set $x=0$ and divide by $L!$ to obtain the answer for desired coefficient which would then be
$\frac1{L!}\left(\sum_{m_1=0}^{min(m,L)}\sum_{m_2=0}^{min(m,L)}\dots \sum_{m_{min(L,n)}=0}^{min(m,L)}C(m_1,m_2,\dots,m_{min(L,n)})\prod_{j=0}^{min(L,n)}({j!})^{(m-m_j)}\right)\;$
Though finding and exressing the $C(m_1,m_2,\dots,m_{min(L,n)})$ coeff's may be quite unwieldly and have not done so as yet so
In order that the length of writing the formula or answer does not increase proportional to m or n I choose to solve it by a recursive routine which means it calls itself and is as follows. Have tried to write it in a kind of universal hopefully simple enough language that you could easily transfer it to fortran(my favorite) or basic or most any other symbolic math programs etc. The final answer, that is coeff. of $x^L$, is cf and have named the recursive routine nicf(ni,nl,nm,nn)
with it's 4 arguments in parenthesis which follows where I have written capital L for your $l$.
nicf(ni,nl,nm,nn): for i=1 thru $min(\frac{nl}{nn},nm)$ do( if $nl\!-\!i\:nn\!<\!nm\!-\!i\!+\!1$ then $cf\!=\!cf\!+\!ni\binom{nm}{i}\binom{nm-i}{nl-i\:nn}$
,if $nm\!-\!i>0$ then for j=2 thru $min(nn\!-\!1,nl\!-\!i\:nn)$ do nicf($ni\binom{nm}{i},nl\!-\!i\:nn,nm\!-\!i,j$) )
All quantities are integers and all terms in the routine are local except the accumulated answer cf which is global. Note $ni\binom{nm}{i}...$ means $ni$ times $\binom{nm}{i}...\;$ and $\;i\:nn$ means $i$ times $nn$, the perhaps small figure '1' and the $1$ both mean the same which is one, and where have written
...do cf(...) it means same as call cf(...) which may be more common in other languages. The $\binom{a}{b}$ means $\frac{a!}{b!(a\!-\!b)!}$. Now assuming you understand that routine it is used as follows in a simple program.
if L<m+1 then cf=$\binom{m}{L}$ else cf=$0$, for k=max(ceiling($\frac{L}m$),2) thru n do nicf($1$,L,m,k)
And the final answer will be cf=coeff. of $x^L\;$ Have tested it in symbolic program maxima for sufficiently large enough m,n,L to be reasonably sure it is correct. To try and write a better general formula etc. it seems it may be good to study partitions and perhaps generating functions such as in Knuth 'Art of Computer Programming' vol I fundamental algorithms.


Does Python have R's tidytext equivalent?

Question: I can't seem to find a tidytext (R library) equivalent in Python. Text mining in Python seems quite weak compared to R.
Answer: Scikit-learn has a great implementation of latent dirichlet allocation, which I would argue is as straightforward to use as the implementation in tidytext. There's a tutorial here.
Also, Python has SpaCy, which is slicker than anything R has so far in terms of tooling for NLP pipelines,
I do love R, and I feel it's still a better language for tidying and processing data than Python. Tidytext is currently nicer than anything in Python in terms of getting data in and out of topic models. However, Python is a lot better resources than R for text mining overall.
Answer: To add onto @Nicholas James Bailey's answer:
tidytext provides functionality for two different main operations: text mining and text modeling.
I think the text mining part of it where we tokenize, tidy and prep text data is a bit more unique. As pointed out there are several model alternatives for text data, some of which are arguably better.
In terms of text mining in python here are my experience summed up. There are some helpful libraries like NLTK  and others. Additionally many text processing operations like tokenization are simply easier to implement with base functionality in python than in R eliminating the need for an external package.
However the biggest advantage of tidytext is it's tidy approach which is pretty unique to the R and specifically the tidyverse environment.
My preferred solution
Due to this I have actually stopped looking for a python alternative to tidytext, instead I prep and tidy my data in R and then model in python by integrating them via reticulate in my R notebooks.


How can you unlock Cyrus in Animal Crossing New Leaf

Question: How can you unlock Cyrus in Animal Crossing New Leaf? I don't know how to unlock Cyrus.
Answer: In order to unlock Cyrus, you need to fulfill the following conditions

100,000 Bells worth of items have been sold to Reese.
50 pieces of furniture have been cataloged (found at the Nookling Stores).
10 pieces of clothing cataloged (from the Able Sisters).
The player has played for seven days.

Note: cataloged means - owned at one point.
Source: Animal Crossing Wiki
Comment: Just out of curiosity, do the "10 pieces of clothing" _have_ to be bought _in_ the Able Sisters' shop, or can they be acquired elsewhere (e.g. trading with friend) and only need to be something that you _could_ purchase in their store?
Comment: Good question. I haven't found anything stating something specific yet, but it seems that every piece of clothing counts.


Creating a mesh object problem

Question: Hi everybody I am a newbie! While I was working on Blender I added a uv sphere object and since I know it should be created in its default form ( I mean eg: adding a uv sphere segments:32 size:1 etc etc) but when I clicked on it to add it, it was added in a form that I last added a uv sphere. How can I revert my original uv sphere addition form back? I don"t know maybe I accidentally clicked on smt.. but I don"t really know. And Now I checked that this problem occurs in every blender file I am working..
Answer: In theory, if you close and restart Blender all operator presets should be reset to default values, but if you don't want to do that you can reset them one by one by hand.
Just add a new UV Sphere or invoke any other operator, and from the 3D View Tool Shelf (T key) you can reset any property to default value by right-clicking it and choosing Reset to Default Value
Comment: Hello there! Thank you for your help, I really appreciate it.  I tried your 2nd way and it worked' but after that I restarted my pc and operated blender again I created a mesh object and changed its segments size etc at the beginning and after that I created a second one (expecting a default one) no again the same thing (it duplicated the previous one), your way saves the day but before that it never happened and I dont know how to get rid of this :(
Comment: This has always been the default behavior, Blender always saves the last used operator settings for the current session, until you restart Blender or open a new instance.
Comment: omg was it default? Please check me if I really understood once you add a mesh  object you change its size segments scale initially while adding and add it. After this stage if you want to add another mesh from the same group, once you created it, it always carries the previously created objects initially added properties.
Comment: Yes, that's right, this has always been the default behavior of Blender. If you add some object then add another of the same type afterwards, it will initially carry the same properties. This is also true for all other operators, if you execute a certain command, by default the second try will have the previous values pre-filled.

Creating a mesh object problem


What network port does Steam use?

Question: We have a white list of ports on our network, and the Steam client cannot connect to the server. Which ports do I need to open to make it work?
Comment: possible duplicate of [Steam over proxy](http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/8780/steam-over-proxy)
Answer: There's a Steam Support page on this:

Your network must be configured to allow Steam access to the following ports (in order from highest to lowest priority for QoS users):
Steam Client
  UDP 27000 to 27015 inclusive (Game client traffic)
  UDP 27015 to 27030 inclusive (Typically Matchmaking and HLTV)
  TCP 27014 to 27050 inclusive (Steam downloads)
  UDP 4380
Dedicated or Listen Servers
  TCP 27015 (SRCDS Rcon port)
Steamworks P2P Networking and Steam Voice Chat
  UDP 3478 (Outbound)
  UDP 4379 (Outbound)
  UDP 4380 (Outbound)
Additional Ports for Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 Multiplayer
  UDP 1500 (outbound)
  UDP 3005 (outbound)
  UDP 3101 (outbound)
  UDP 28960
Comment: I had a nearly identical answer about ready to post when you ninja'd me. :P
Comment: Ephemeral ports are assigned automatically by the TCP stack; none of these are ephemeral.  They should all be outbound, with the possible exception of the MW2 one.
Answer: This (2024) is a bit different list than the first answer (2011).
From link
<code>To log into Steam and download content:

HTTP (TCP remote port 80) and HTTPS (443)
UDP remote port 27015-27050
TCP remote port 27015-27050

Steam Client

UDP remote port 27000-27100: Game traffic
UDP local port 27031-27036: Remote Play     ( share your Steam local multi-player
TCP local port 27036: Remote Play           games with friends over the internet, )
UDP remote port 4380

Dedicated or Listen Servers

TCP local port 27015 (default): SRCDS Rcon port
UDP local port 27015 (default): gameplay traffic

Steamworks P2P Networking and Steam Voice Chat

UDP remote port 3478
UDP remote port 4379
UDP remote port 4380
UDP remote ports: 27014-27030
</code>
It is a bit unclear on how to prioritize multiplayer packets without prioritizing steam downloads.

What network port does Steam use?


If hit with a spamming/phishing scam, how should a company warn its customers?

Question: Should a company consider writing up a waiver of liability before warning the recipients of a spam/phishing attack executed with one of its employees' credentials? What legal ramifications are there and what is the best course of action when something like this has been discovered? Should it respond any differently to government as opposed to corporate clients?
Comment: Why would I sign or agree to some kind of waiver of liability attached to a "we may have messed up" message? The "what is the best best course of action" is probably not for this site, legal questions are though.
Comment: Well, by waiver I mean a post-text perhaps on the company's e-mail footers disclosing that they cannot be held responsible. And by "best course of action", I mean, are there best practices or general guidelines that perhaps the federal government provides to give companies a standard to go by.
Comment: Even still, if the damage is already done, you adding a footer to emails explaining you are not liable doesn't necessarily make you not-liable, especially if the employee (or other employee) acted with malice or gross negligence on the company part. The problem is you can't just "waiver/disclaimer" your liability away, especially after the fact. There is no real standard about how to act, or regulation, it is a damage control issue on the company side. Immediate notification to all parties is a good start, but I don't believe it is required.
Answer: If your purpose is to eliminate (or reduce) the company's liability, then it might be a good idea to take immediate actions. Actions would include notifying affected customers, reporting to authorities, disabling certain services etc.
Absence of any specific laws, the company may have a Duty of Care to its customers. An attack may or may not be the company's fault (depending the specific of the circumstances which are beyond the scope of this answer), but failure to respond appropriately would be.


Android Sample Widget SimpleWiktionary does not update

Question: I am trying to wrap my head around Android Widgets, using the sample provided here: http://code.google.com/p/wiktionary-android/
I have corrected the strings.xml but the plugin will not work properly, neither on the emulator nor on the actual phone. It installs fine, but it never updates.
But at least on the simulator i get some DDMS output, telling me, that the API-response could not be parsed, so I assume, that the Wiktionary API has probably changed.
However, on my phone, the  public void onUpdate(...) method doesn't even seem to get called at all when I install the Widget. I have inserted Log.i(...) lines for debugging and while they all show up when I use the Widget on the emulator, none of them seem to come up when it actually runs on the phone.
The phone is a Samsung Galaxy S II running android 2.3 but that hardly matters I think.
has anybody encountered this before and knows anything that might help?
EDIT I was told it might be a permissions issue, but could not verify this.
Answer: OK. Just in case anybody else ever comes across this. There is a strange thing with android widgets when the throw an exception... just uninstalling isn't always enough one hast to restart the phone.
Can not explain why that is but it always did the trick.


Is a longer or shorter period of loan payback preferable to build up credit score?

Question: I am an US based international student. If I take a car loan from bank to purchase an used car, will a shorter or longer repayment period have any impact on my credit score in the long run? Precisely, if I pay the loan back in 12 months vs. 60 months., which one will improve my credit score more than the other?
Answer: The first step of credit is don't let your score dictate a decision like this.  Have the lender run your credit, look at the numbers and pick the one that makes the most sense for you.  If it makes the most sense for you to take a 12 month loan, take the 12 month loan.  If you want some flexibility and there is no prepayment penalty, take the 60 month loan and pay it in 12 if you can.  At the same APR you will pay significantly more interest over 60 months than over 12.  There is no sense in paying that interest in the hopes of increasing your score a couple of points.
Agree to whatever makes the most financial sense for you, then pay on time.


Why use a buildpack on heroku?

Question: I have run across more and more references to buildpacks for heroku apps. Other then needed a buildpack that is not support by heroku, why define this parameter in the app creation? I have see references to speed increases for NPM using caching. Some context would help.
Answer: If you are running one of Heroku's supported languages, and not encountering any bugs, than I certainly wouldn't bother with a custom buildpack. But, if either of those are not true, a buildpack gives you the tools to fix the situation yourself. More info here: https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks
Answer: I build Ruby apps and got fed up of have to run rake db:migrate whenever I deploy a development application to Heroku so I tweaked the standard Ruby buildpack to add in this step and use it when I deploy my applications. I you have something that you typically perform 'around' a deployment then it's something that suitable for incorporating into a buildpack.

Why use a buildpack on heroku?


How many ways can we make inform passive?

Question: Is this sentence correct? "The results weren't informed us."
Comment: While I agree with the answers here, note that this sentence would be understandable if you dropped *us* from it: *The results weren't informed*. However, that would make *informed* an adjective and it would no longer be a passive construction. (It would be similar to *It was not an informed decision.*)
Comment: English Language Learners again.  The question is more suited for the English Language Learners SE site.
Comment: @Yasaman Semnani You could say, "the results weren't made known to us" or "the results weren't reported to us."
Answer: No. Some other ways to say what you mean are "Nobody informed us of the results" and "We weren't informed of the results". The noun phrase "the results" is not an object of "informed". Not even indirect object. So the sentence in the OP is not grammatical.
Comment: The original sentence was " you did not inform us about the results" .would tell me the direct and indirect object?
Answer: "The results weren't informed us."
You can indeed use 'inform' in the Passive voice and, according to a Cobuild Grammar reference it is more often used in the Passive in a past context. But here you are using what might be called Passive with Ditransitive. Swapping 'inform' with a number of others choices ("The results were given us") would be very informal.
"We weren't informed of the results." is a more common wording in the Passive.

(sorry https://english.stackexchange.com/users/318905/yasaman-semnani
I don't yet have the 'reputation' points to address your question.)
Comment: What about "The results weren't informed *to* us."?
Comment: @vinko-vrsalovic:  Because we don't "inform to"  There just isn't a preposition with 'inform' (unless you use the passive 'be informed by [someone]')
Comment: If you want to use this passive construction but you'd be happy with another verb, you could say "The results weren't told to us".  Several verbs can be used like this, e.g. "sent", "posted", "e-mailed", "forwarded".


Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grows stronger after 95 % ethanol treatment

Question: I used 95 % ethanol to disinfect Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms from titanium discs and compared it to disinfection with water and hydrogen peroxide. The strange thing was that when examining in SEM, roughly ten times more bacteria was present in the ethanol treated samples than the water treated samples hydrogen peroxide treated samples showed no bacteria. Metabolic activity assay showed however more bacterial activity from the water treated samples than the ethanol treated, hydrogen peroxide showed least. Anyone have any theory why ethanol seamed to increase the bacterial biofilm compared to water? Ethanol are regarded as an effective disinfectant on bacteria.
Comment: @Chris while that is true, wouldn't you still expect it to be better than water?
Comment: 95% Ethanol does not work as a disinfectant. You need to dilute it to around 70% to be effective.
Answer: @Chris is right. ~70% ethanol is the way to go.
From a discussion here :

The effectivity of ethanol as e.g. desinfectant or antiseptic agent depends on the concentration of ethanol-water-mixture: An ethanol percentage of 50-80% destroys the cell wall/membrane of bacteria by denaturing their proteins and dissolving their lipids (effective against most bacteria, fungi and some viruses; ineffective against bacterial spores). Therefore, the ethanol has to pass the bacterial membrane/wall to get into the bacteria - if you use 100% ethanol instead, the bacteria get 'sealed' and they will survive... An other mechanism is the high osmotic pressure of ethanol/water-mixtures; and the 70% has the highest one.

By using a high ethanol concentration, you're effectively creating a layer of coagulated protein on the surface of the biofilm, "sealing" the bacteria in below that top layer.
As to why water seemed more effective than alcohol, I would venture a guess that some of the bacteria from the biofilm was flushed off. Maybe check the water for bacterial count to verify? :)


Is there a site that pairs up wanna be coaches with students

Question: People who either love teaching for free or that want to build some cliental who will give free lessons for a period of time or to practice there art of dispensing knowledge. Is there such a thing on the major sites that offer free chess or has anybody heard of talk of offering such a thing chess.com or lichess.com perhaps.
Answer: Lichess has a coaches page where titled players offer coaching in several languages.
Some of them offer discounts and a free first lesson.

If you are looking for something more casual, there are some chess Discord servers that might be of interest to you. Chess Academy has a channel called #find-training-partners, which is used by players who want to share knowledge and help each other. Another one is ChessDojo, which also has a #find-training-partners as well as a #coaching-discussion channel.
Comment: Also, it seems that currently there is a running event for free coaching on https://www.reddit.com/r/chess where they have a post related to it every month. For example, the one for February 2022: https://www.reddit.com/r/chess/comments/shmmqd/coach_a_player_february_2022/
Answer: As you seem to have suspected, both lichess.org and chess.com have resources where students can find coaches:

hb20007 already pointed out that lichess' coaches page is at: https://lichess.org/coach

The chess.com coaches page is at: https://www.chess.com/coaches

Some other suggestions for finding a coach:

A web search can also find coaches. The lichess and chess.com pages above are the only results I saw on the first results page which provide a list. The remaining results are web sites of coaches, which is itself a list you can look through.

US Chess has a list of coaches who have gone through its certification program at:
http://www.uschess.org/index.php/Scholastic-Misc/Certified-Chess-Coach-List.html

Results will vary, but your local/regional/national organization may list coaches in your area.

Note I couldn't find a list for FIDE certified trainers, although they have a program for that. Perhaps someone with better search skills or more patience will have more luck.
At least some coaches will offer free lessons as a sample. Some may offer lessons or group classes on a "Pay what you can" basis. However, I do not know of a site which shows a list of people with such offers. Some of the coaches on the lichess and chess.com lists say they offer first lessons for free. If they don't say that, you can ask, but it will (probably) have to be on a coach-by-coach basis.


Why are both exterior and interior walls constructed of concrete block in my home?

Question: I bought this house 9 years ago, it was built in 1954. A few years after I had gotten it, I decided to get creative and pull down some of the paneling on a wall that separates the kitchen from the living room -to put a window-opening between the two rooms. That wall is all brick. Upon further inspection in all of the other rooms walls, I have discovered that every wall inside this house is constructed of brick. A few years ago the house next door to mine had a fire and when I saw the interior, I could tell that it was studs and drywall or paneling dividing he rooms, (the two houses were built around the same time and looked relatively similar, so I figure that they might have been built by the same builder), and I'm not complaining, having a nice sturdy structure, I am just wondering what compels some builders to use bricks for every single wall of a house when they construct it? I mean it, even the walls of the (tiny) closets are brick.
Comment: Must have been built by the third little pig.
Comment: The Hydrogen Bomb/Joe McCarthy/Russians are coming?
Comment: Perhaps the original house burned down and the owner didn't want to go through that again, so used masonry as much as possible. Or maybe the builder was a masonry contractor and didn't know any good carpenters. North America has relatively large timber resources so wood is usually the material of choice for home building, but people living in countries where wood is scarce think Americans are daft for building with wood due to fire potential.
Answer: My house was also built around this time, and I have concrete walls under the tiny bed of sheetrock and paint. Back then materials as such were not as expensive and there was more of the material source, thus they used those source materials. As the country grew in numbers (people) certain materials became expensive and may have taken too long to set, so they went with the cheap route of using wood, thus making building a house much faster as well with putting little to no heart in the work. I'm proud to have a house built by a Masonry and for me I find it much safer, having a fireplace and all that could start a house fire if not properly cleaned/maintained. The above statements are merely more of an observation/my thoughts. Here is a link that might interest you. Why Concrete?
Comment: I agree with your idea that back in the 50's, before conservation was taken seriously, lumber was probably used extensively and cement block was an upgrade. I can see why it would cost more: much more labor involved compared to wood framing. I would guess there might be less skilled masons (at the time) . I don't believe your answer should have been down voted. The person responsible didn't completely read  or understand your answer. I up voted.


TDD Implementation

Question: How do you successfully adopt TDD in an organization? Training alone is not enough in my opinion as I feel it requires a change in process and mindset. If TDD has been implemented in your organization can you provide what steps/approach were taken to successfully implemented.
Comment: _Training alone is not enough in my opinion_ - you don't need to push others, but on other hand be an example of successful or failed try of using TDD as a workflow.
Answer: Same way a group of humans successfully adopts anything long term.
Each individual values it.
Remember that developers are knowledge workers, we value things which make knowledge easier to work with. Demonstrate how 'this new thing' does that.
Just demonstrate it in such a way that does not come across as condescending. Knowledge workers will get out of joint if you dictate, or otherwise inform them that they are 'stupid'.
Also knowledge workers may apply the brakes for other reasons. One being that knowledge work requires agreements between many people on how knowledge is shared and updated. Changing those agreements too quickly will cause issues, so don't just assume that resistance is because of arrogance.
That being said if those agreements and the bureaucracy around them is there just for structures sake. You might need to actively deal with it (preferably by removal, but at-least lightening it).
Above all else you have to provide Leadership and Support. Leadership to give direction, but not force. Support to assist adopters through the rocky parts, but not to treat them like babies.
Answer: My experience is that it must start with buy-in from management. First complaint I hear when trying to introduce TDD is "Well, our management doesnt' want us spend time on tests." Thus, I believe the first step would be to get management send clear message that long-term benefits of TDD outweight short-term effort in implementing the tests.
The next step would then be encouraging engineers to adopt different workflows and patterns of work, that enable TDD. This is long-term effort that needs skilled mentors and coaches to work with developers on daily basis. It is not cheap or fast. But if management sees value in TDD, they will also see value in spending so much time and effort in actually teaching efficient habits to engineers.

TDD Implementation


Doesn't get into Debug Mode

Question: When I Press F5 on my VS2005 to debug the application, it launches the web app window but it is coming out of debug mode. When I tried to trace the Error in the EventViewer, this was the error:
Failed in Token.vb(GetToken).  The token was not in memory and the identity of the authenticated IIS caller was not permitted.  The session may have unexpectedly terminated. The specific error message included: Session state can only be used when enableSessionState is set to true, either in a configuration file or in the Page directive. Please also make sure that System.Web.SessionStateModule or a custom session state module is included in the \\ section in the application configuration.
I don't have any httpModules section in my config file and the sessionState mode="InProc"...
Answer: Looks like your application has a code file named Token.vb that is trying (unsuccessfully) to access data stored in session state. The session state is not made available to all requests - it depends on the type of file being served (pages do get session state, static files such as images do not). If the code in Token.vb is being executed during a request for a static file, for example, I'd expect to see the error you described.

Doesn't get into Debug Mode


Automount external hard drive on Mac

Question: I have an external drive plugged in to my MacPro via eSATA. At the moment, the disk only mounts if I log in. Since I am using the computer remotely, this is annoying since I have to open up VNC, log in, and log back out. Is there a way to have external drives automatically mount without user log in?
Answer: I found a preference that might do the trick:
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/autodiskmount AutomountDisksWithoutUserLogin true

In a variation using a boolean value (which should be more accurate):
sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/autodiskmount AutomountDisksWithoutUserLogin -bool true

You can do the same through Property List editor (if you have it installed):
sudo touch /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/autodiskmount.plist
sudo open !$

… and set it manually as a boolean:

However, and I'm sorry for that, it appears to be older, and I can't try it out, so let me know if it works.
Comment: After searching around on a solution to fix my wallpaper being reset on each reboot in OS X Mavericks, I only found AppleScript workarounds. Enabling this preference did the trick since it was missing in the `SystemConfiguration` folder and my wallpapers are indeed stored in an external HD. Thanks slhck.

Automount external hard drive on Mac


How much is loot reduced for raiding lower Town Halls?

Question:
I am thinking of upgrading my Town Hall to level 10. I am bored of upgrading my walls. In info while upgrading my Town Hall it says upgrading Town Hall would provide less loot from lower Town Halls, but how much less loot?. If the effect of loot reduction after upgrading my Town Hall is less then I would upgrade my Town Hall. Does anybody know how much loot is reduced for lower Town Halls?
Answer: I found a page on www.clashofclans.wikia.com that states

Town Hall Difference - Percentage of Loot Available
Same or higher Level - 100%
1 level lower - 80%
2 levels lower - 50%
3 levels lower - 25%

The difference is your TH level vs their TH level, so if your TH is higher you get a penalty.
Comment: Can You please give the link to page also
Comment: link is now in the answer to the general site, you can use the search function there to find the specific page.


Bundle item quantity sets to 1

Question: I am having two bundle items each defined separately as a radio button. And the quantity of both can be determined by the user. But, if the quantity of the bundle item is set to zero and the user clicks "Add to cart" button. In the cart the bundle item's quantity which was set to zero is automatically set to 1. I have set the minimum quantity for cart to 0 in inventory. Any suggestion will be appreciated.
Answer: I was able to get this done by being able to setting "is required" property of the radio items to No. The user can click None or set a quantity. If he selects None, then the item quantity would not increase to 1 upon adding to cart.

Bundle item quantity sets to 1


Is " if the negotiations failed, there should be no ..." a second type conditional?

Question: If the idea of negotiating were entertained at all, something would be gained; for each additional day of suffering and privation diminished the Roman strength, and brought nearer the moment of absolute and complete exhaustion. Moreover, a bridge might be at once commenced at some little distance, and might be pushed forward, so that, if the negotiations failed, there should be no great delay in following the Romans across the river.
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/16167/16167-h/16167-h.htm
Answer: It's a "first conditional", which is about something that could happen or not. That's called an open conditional.
For the moment, let's set it in the present:
"If the negotiations fail, there will be no great delay in following."
This represents what the Persians are thinking about negotiations.
Now, we have to set that conditional sentence in the past, to indicate what the Persians were thinking about negotiations, when the events were taking place:
"If the negotiations failed, there should/would be no great delay in following."
The use of the past tense "failed" and the word "should" (or "would") are required because this conditional sentence is set in past time. Although the negotiations didn't fail, they might have.
If you have a sentence set in the present time using past tense and "would", then that would indicate a second conditional, and an unlikely, or remote, "if" clause, but the example is set in the past.
Comment: Accordingly "if the idea of negotiating were entertained at all, something would be gained." is first conditional but in passive form?
Comment: Yes, first example in that sentence is also an example of an open condition set in the past tense, because it did in fact happen. The change to passive doesn't change that.


Which university address should be used for job applications?

Question: I'm currently applying to jobs and one section of this job I'm applying asks for the address of my university. What address should be put down here?
Comment: They have only 1 campus. I wasn't sure if I should use the address on the site but from Christopher's answer I will probably use that address.
Comment: Does the university have multiple campuses?  What's the address on their web page?
Answer: Just put whatever is the main address for the university. It's highly unlikely they'll be writing them a letter, but it does fill in that little box. If you're unsure which address that is, go to the website and find the first contact address you can.  If you still can't find anything, pick something like the admissions or records office.  If the university has multiple campuses, use the main address of the one you attended, if you prefer.
In short, it really doesn't matter as long as it's an address that's real because they like things completed.
Comment: Just scroll down to the bottom of their website and use whatever address is shown there.  That is usually the address that the University itself considers its "official" address.
Comment: Yeah, that's kind of what I said with "If you're unsure which address that is, go to the website and find the first contact address you can."
Comment: Yeah sorry. I didn't take that part in when I first read your answer.
Comment: lol, no worries. :)
Answer: You should use the address of the registrar's office, because this is the only department that an employer would potentially be dealing with.  Lots of employers don't even do the job of checking educational credentials themselves - they use a service with people who are experts at getting that information, and the staff at the service will likely have the required contact information already.  Much of what you put on the application, beside the name of the school, is just a formality.


Why did Abraham forced his slave Eliezer to swear him about finding Itzhak shidduch

Question: It is known that Abraham forces Eliezer to swear him about finding Itzhak Shidduch. Why did he need to force him to swear. Let's assume that Eliezer would have brought the wrong Shidduch, Abraham and Itzhak could refuse to marry her or divorce her. Moreover, why didn't Abraham increase his search efforts by sending several emissaries (Shlichim) in parallel in order to find the appropriate Shidduch?
Comment: Who's to say that Avraham would have been alive when Eliezer came back? He was already an old man. The oath meant it was essentially an insurance policy for Avraham.
Comment: Re your final sentence... what would happen if five emissaries returned at the same time with five young ladies? could get a little awkward...
Comment: In this case he could choose one from five. It is better than the chances than choosing one from one.
Answer: Let us first begin by quoting the pasuk in Bereishis 24:2-4 for context:

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֗ם אֶל־עַבְדּוֹ֙ זְקַ֣ן בֵּית֔וֹ הַמֹּשֵׁ֖ל בְּכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ שִֽׂים־נָ֥א יָדְךָ֖ תַּ֥חַת יְרֵכִֽי׃וְאַשְׁבִּ֣יעֲךָ֔ בַּֽה' אֱלֹקי הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וֵֽאלֹקי הָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תִקַּ֤ח אִשָּׁה֙ לִבְנִ֔י מִבְּנוֹת֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ כִּ֧י אֶל־אַרְצִ֛י וְאֶל־מוֹלַדְתִּ֖י תֵּלֵ֑ךְ וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ אִשָּׁ֖ה לִבְנִ֥י לְיִצְחָֽק׃
And Avraham said to the senior servant of his household, who had charge of all that he owned, "Put your hand under my thigh: And I will make you swear by the LORD, the G-d of heaven and the G-d of the earth, that you will not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites among whom I dwell: But will go to the land of my birth and get a wife for my son Isaac."

1) Ramban
According to Ramban the oath served a two-fold job. Firstly it clearly concretised Avraham's wishes and thereby legacy, that if he were to die with Yitzchak still unmarried these wishes would be carried out, and secondly, Eliezer could well have been the trustee for Avraham's estate, so he commanded him to have Isaac marry specifically according to his wishes so that that he should make Yitzchak's inheritance of his estate contingent on this condition.
2) Sforno
The act of getting Eliezer to swear was to make it crystal clear that if Eliezer were to disobey this command he had to be weary of "אֱלֹקי הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וֵֽאלֹקי הָאָ֑רֶץ" - i.e. that there is a higher source that would find him accountable.
3) Chizkuni
By getting Eliezer to swear he was ensuring that no future generations would questions the 'yichus' - the lineage of the Jewish people. "Avraham did not want that in the future anyone could claim that his claim on the Holy Land was based on intermarriage with the previous owners of that land. It had to be established beyond any shadow of a doubt that the Israelites' claim to the land was based on G-d having promised it to their founding father, and that He used His Power to do this on their behalf." (Sefaria translation)
4) Malbim
According to the Malbim, Avraham made Eliezer swear as the daughters of Canaan had such bad, destructive middos (character traits) it would negatively impact on Yitzchak and leave a lasting impression and therefore Avraham had to ensure this didn't happen.


Using QGIS to create XYZ .png tiles on EC2

Question: I have set up a PostgreSQL/PostGIS DB on an EC2 that contains my .osm data. I populated it with osm2pgsql. Now, I can create tiles on my local machine using the QGIS "Generate XYZ Tiles (Directory)" tool. However, it is a rather tedious process. For example, I have four layers in the current map layer I'm creating and they have been styled accordingly (it is fairly simple). Is there a way to set up and tell a headless (EC2) process these settings? I had quite a bit of compiling from source to even set up PostGIS and osm2pgsql on the EC2 so I've grown quite weary.
Answer: I figured I can rather easily use the docker image from qgis/qgis.
Comment: Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. Please [edit] to add further details, such as citations or documentation, so that others can confirm that your answer is correct. You can find more information on how to write good answers [in the help center](/help/how-to-answer).


Authentication to Squid proxy with a RADIUS-authenticated client

Question: I want to set up a wireless environment where WPA2-Enterprise is used for authentication to a FreeRADIUS server (using EAP-TTLS or PEAP), and the wireless client is seamlessly routed through and authenticated to a Squid proxy. I can get the FreeRADIUS bit working alright, but how can I get Squid to recognize the user, without another username/password prompt?
Answer: Authentication to Squid is between the client's browser software and the Squid proxy. Internet Explorer and Google Chrome (and maybe Firefox-- I haven't kept up with it) can transparently authenticate to a proxy using the currently logged-on user's credentials via the NTLM protocol in an Active Directory environment.
If you're not planning on actually using the authenticated user's identity in Squid access control lists (ACLs) but are really just interested in being able to correlate user access in log files then you might be better off eschewing Squid authentication entirely and just using a combination nf your FreeRADIUS and DHCP server logs to correlate IP addresses to user authentication. Then you can correlate those addresses to accesses in the Squid logs.


SharePoint 2007 web service list item permissions

Question: Is it possible to get list item individual permissions using a web service? This is for SharePoint 2007, I've come across a couple of articles that say you can't but was wondering if officially documented anywhere
Answer: The articles that you have read is correct, only the Web service that provided in Office SharePoint Server 2007 to manage permissions is <code>/_vti_bin/Permissions.asmx</code> that provides methods for working with the permissions for a site or list level permission not the list item level permission.
Regarding the official link, check Web Services Access for SharePoint 2007
The link provides all web services in SharePoint 2007, where there is not any web service to get list item level permission and this considered official evidence.
Workaround to do that is to create a custom web service that get list item level permission as mentioned at Item level security with SharePoint web services


ANN and SVM classification

Question: Where is ANN classification (regression) better than SVM? Some real-world examples?
Comment: I'm voting to close this question because it is not about programming as defined in the [help] but about ML theory and/or methodology.
Answer: There are many applications where they're better, many applications where they're comparable, many applications where they are worse. It also depends on who you ask. It is hard to say this type of data or that type of data/application.
An example where ANN, in particular convolutional neural networks, work better than SVMs would be digit classification on MNIST. Another such case is the work of Geoff Hinton's group on speech recognition using Deep Belief Networks
Answer: Recently I have read a paper of proving the theoretical equivalence between ANN and SVM. However, ANN is usually slower than SVM.
Comment: The link provided does not work.  Here is the actual reference: Andras, Peter. (2002). The Equivalence of Support Vector Machine and Regularization Neural Networks. Neural Processing Letters. 15. 97-104. 10.1023/A:1015292818897.
Answer: I am just finishing some out-of-the-box comparison between support vector machines and neural networks on several popular regression- and classification datasets - first results in short: svms learn fast and predict slow - neural networks learn slow but predict fast and have very lightweight models. Concerning accuracy/loss, both methods seem to be on par.
Comment: after a year, I am unable to access the url. I can assume from title that I am missing a good text.
Answer: It will largely depend as both have different tradeoffs and design criteria.  There has been some work to show the relationship and some say equivalence as seen in other answers to this question.  Below is another reference which draws links between these two techniques in machine learning:

Ronan Collobert and Samy Bengio. 2004. Links between perceptrons, MLPs
  and SVMs. In       Proceedings of the twenty-first international
  conference on Machine learning (ICML  '04). ACM, New York, NY, USA,
  23-. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1015330.1015415

ANN and SVM classification


Non-anti scald shower valve?

Question: We have two showers in our house that have the single handle valves. The anti scald devices are turned all the way to hot, but the showers just don't get above about 100 degrees. All the sink fixtures in the house get really hot when on just hot, so I know it's the mixing function of the shower valve that is limiting the amount of hot water getting to the shower. BTW, our water heater is set to 122 degrees. My only option I can think of is to replace it with a double handle valve so we can make it as hot as we'd like. We fully accept the scald risk involved.
Are there any single handle valves available that do not have the anti scald device? Or am I stuck with the double handle option?
Comment: The top temperature of mixing valves is sometimes adjustable. See if you can identify it and get the installation instructions.
Comment: "Are there any available" is technically a shopping question which is off-topic. Also, knowing the brand/model of _your_ faucets (are they the same?) might help to know what the upper limit is and if it's broken or not.
Answer: This is relatively recent science, so it may not have influenced the installation of anti-scald devices in front of your shower valves. (honestly I thought most single-handle valves had built-in anti-scald.)
There has been a long history of people showing up at hospitals with weird bacterial infections whose source was unexplained.  It was sporadic and scattershot and there wasn't much for CDC to do with that. But then suddenly there was a breakout in Flint, Michigan.  The CDC went to town and traced it back to water heaters kept at 45-50C.  The changes in water treatment in Flint had made the problem flare up. GOTCHA!
The traditional advice was to keep water heaters at 45-50C (113-122F) to reduce incidents of scalding injuries (burns are nasty business). However with the new data about these bacteria, they determined 60C (140F) was necessary to kill the bacteria for sure.
This, in turn, requires anti-scald valves because yeah, 60C will scald.

The anti scald devices are turned all the way to hot, but the showers just don't get above about 100 degrees.

Well like I say, you may have two anti-scald valves in series - the dedicated one, and the 1-handle shower faucet itself. You might feel the pipes between them and see which one is the problem.  One might be broken.  Perhaps the shower faucet is adjustable - I would consult the instructions.  Or replace the kaboodle - I for one would prefer a single one in the tub faucet.
If swapping your tub faucet feels like a nightmare because of having to bust up drywall, consider carefully cutting open the necessary access space, and then installing a tasteful cabinet door there.  Or a friend's valve backs up against a wall framing the the toilet stall; install a partially inset medicine cabinet there. Need access to the valve? 3 screws to remove the medicine cabinet.
Comment: I did all the plumbing myself. There isn't another anti scald device in line before the shower valves. The handles do have the devices built in, but I want the showers to be hotter. I have tried turning the water heater up to 130, but the valve still regulates it down by allowing more cold into the mix. For clarity, not sure it matters though, we have on demands water heaters. Both showers have the same issue and have different brand valves.
Comment: @Raduck77 Two different brands, same behavior? I would tape a thermometer to the water pipe right before the showerhead to make sure hot enough water is reaching the showerhead. If it is, you can cross that off, and the only remaining possibility is issues with the showerhead. Possibly a disagreement between you and the manufacturers about which maximum is sensible.

Non-anti scald shower valve?


How many lights can be on one breaker?

Question: How many lights can be run from one breaker I would like to add two two tube fluorescent lights to a string of lights I have already.
Comment: Use LED lights. They only use 14 watts versus 100 watts for conventional incadescent ones - U can have 8 times more light bulbs.
Comment: What size breaker?
Comment: Do not change out a 15 amp breaker by putting in a 20amp breaker, the wires are not able to handle the possible load. Instead of tripping the 15amp the 20 amp will not flip, but you have a fire hazard. I am not by all means an electrician, just have same questions.
Answer: As the other two posters have indicated, it depends.
For 20 AMP you have 20A*120V or 2400 watts and 15 AMP you have 15A*120V or 1800 watts.  Good Electricians will only use 80% of the circuit and leave a 20% safety margin so you have 1920 and 1440 watts respectively at your disposal per circuit.
Lets use 1440 as a conservative estimate.
Next, find out what's on the circuit.  To do this, leave the lights on that you want to connect to.  Open your electrical panel and flip off the breakers one by one until the lights turn off.  Now turn off all the breakers except for the one the light are on and see how many lights and outlets are powered by the circuit.  It's then just a matter of adding up what is on the circuit.  Let's say you have 8 50 watt lights on the circuit, that roughly 400 Watts of draw (roughly).  That gives you and extra 1000 watts, more than enough to add a few flourescents.  Adding up the lights are easy.  But the plugs will be a little more difficult, because there is a difference between having your entertainment center (TV, stereo, etc) on the circuit versus an alarm clock radio and just a lamp.  For the current ligths and appliances that are connected, you can plan whether adding another light is feasible.  Some circuits are lightly loaded, others not so much, so your mileage will vary.
Comment: More like misinformed electricians will use 80%.  A 20A breaker on a #12 (minus voltage drop) is good for 20amps.  80% rule is only for continuous (3 hour or more) loads.
Comment: To tell the truth electricians only count loads on residential if the local AHJ requires it. The NEC only states the maximum for commercial & industrial, but the 80% rule is a good guide using the max wattage for each fixture & 180va per yoke on outlets.
Answer: It's usually safe to add a few more lights to an existing circuit. But that said, you should take a closer look at the circuit.
Is it only used for lighting?
If there are receptacles on the same circuit, it will be difficult determine if you will be always be fine: how can you guarantee that someone won't plug a high wattage space heater in to an outlet on the same circuit?
How many lights and what kind of wattage or current for each one?
You could approximate a 100 Watt 120 Volt incandescent light bulb as using about 1 Amp of power (it uses a bit less than 1 Amp after the initial surge of current when you just flip the switch and the bulb filament is cold and has less resistance temporarily allowing greater current to flow through) A 10 Watt energy saver bulb could then be approximated as 0.1 Amp.
What is the capacity of the circuit? 15 Amps? 20 Amps?
If when you add up all of the currents that the lights would use on that circuit if each light was turned on and it is well under the circuit capacity, then you should be fine. If you get close to the limit or exceed it, then you could add another circuit to meet the possible load of having all of the lights on.
Answer: That depends on how many Volt * Amperes (VA) the lights already on the circuit draw, and the VA of the additional light, and the size of the breaker.
There is no "one size fits all" answer, such as "7"
If the circuit is a 120V circuit, that's the Volts part of Volts * Amperes. Likewise for 240 or 277 volt circuits. The Amperes is found by looking at the information on the fixture or the ballast which will either list Amps or (possibly) VA or both.
Lighting loads are typically continuous (may be on for more then 3 hours, per electrical code that's considered a continuous load), so a 15 amp 120V breaker can have at most 12 amps, or 1440 VA (VA might seem like it is the same as Watts, but it's not, except for incandescent bulbs.)
A 15 amp 240V circuit is the same 12 amps, but 2880 VA since the voltage is doubled.
Comment: Funny E×I= P how is that different? Than V×A they are the same.
Answer: The breaker size is determined by the wire size. A 12 Gauge wire should have a 20 amp breaker and a 14  Gauge wire should have a 15 amp breaker. If you know your total wattage of your circuit you can divide it by your circuit voltage which will give you the total amps of the circuit. So if you have 120 volt circuit that uses 1500 watts your current load is 12.5 amps. If you base your loading at 80% of max load a 15 amp circuit should be 12 amps. So in this example you should use a 12  Gauge wire which means you can us a 20 amp circuit.
Answer: I think the basic has been said you just sum up the total watt  of your lightings. you will see this written on the bulb for instance you having say 50watt bulb each and you had 10 already maths gives 500watt. to calculate safer breaker. if u are in UK or country that uses 240v. simply multiply 240v*20A*80% gives 3840VA all together. this shows that you can still add as much as 3340watt additional bulbs
Answer: Non on the above is entirely true. There is also Residual current leakage to consider. LED fittings generate .5mA of residual current. If you have an 30mA RDC (Residual current device) on that Circuit breaker then you should't really be exceeding more than 20 Ballasts / circuit. Most fittings have their own ballast so 20 fittings +/- a few is safest.

How many lights can be on one breaker?


How do I make The BEST Haste Elixir?

Question: I was wondering, I got a mid level haste elixir with a few hot-footed frogs and a monster part, but how do I get the TOP level haste effect?
Comment: Did you use 4 frogs and a monster part?
Comment: no i used 3 frogs and i think a bokoblin gut.
Comment: Try using 4 for a maximal effect.
Answer: For elixers, the magnitude of the effect is determined by the number of things used that give the boost, and duration is determined by the "quality" of the monster part you combine them with. Typically, the harder to get the monster part, the longer the duration of elixer is creates.
You need to combine 4 of the same boost in an elixer to get a +3 boost to a stat.
Answer: 4 Hot-Footed Frog and Lizalfos Horn. You may substitute 1 Rushroom for a frog. I think the key is using Lizalfos parts for haste. They are the fastest enemy.
Comment: Monster parts do not add to the strength of the buff, only the duration. Lizalfos tails are decent, but rarer ingredients (such as Lynel guts) are much better.

How do I make The BEST Haste Elixir?


Is there an additional method to check for human interaction alongside google reCaptcha?

Question: It appears that some spam messages can get through reCaptcha so would there be another additional step to check if there is an actual human submitting forms? And would it make sense to have this additional check, considering that a human could be the one sending these messages?
Comment: Really. have you talked to your users? The captchas are bad enough now. You just have to live with the odd leak.
Answer: You could additionally add a honeypot. This is a "trap" for bots. For example, a text field is hidden for real users, but it is visible for the bot and it fills it. If the field is filled in, the request is ignored. There are also plugins that can support you with this.
Another idea would be to generate an (in the backend) encrypted time stamp and send it with the request. You can then decrypt it and check how long the user or bot needed to fill the form. If it was too fast, way too slow or not a time stamp, the request is ignored. You may also want to ignore requests at the exact same time.
They are not 100% solutions, but ones that do not bother your users.


Simplest test for consistency of a rating scale

Question: I want to explain to a non-novice doctor the best way to validate consistency of a measure across a likert-scale. The variable describes an average dose across 5 levels of patients (lower to higher). Whats the easiest way to validate that the dose statistically increases from level 1 to level 2 to level3 ..to level 5?
Answer: This sounds like a contrast-type problem! Let's suppose you're assuming a linear increase between level 1 and level 5:
$L=c_{1}\bar{X}_{1} + \cdots + c_{5}\bar{X}_{5}$,
where $c_{j}$ are the coefficients, and $\bar{X}_{i}$ are the group means (the mean at level $i$)--you're computing the weighted group means. For a linear contrast, you might use the coefficients $-2, -1, 0, 1, 2$, as the coefficients must sum to zero. People usually evaluate these while conducting an ANOVA or related regression analysis. There's a general overview of the concept on wikipedia. I don't know what statistical package you're using, but, if you're conducting your analysis in R, you'll want to look at the contrast section in Julian Faraway's Practical Regression and ANOVA using R, which is both a great reference on the mathematics of what is happening, as well as how to actually use them in R.
Comment: Is there a statistical test that can check for the case of a linear contrast ? I check Faraways' book on how to do it in R and i was not able to find something.


Is is illegal to hack websites in a country considered to be an enemy of my country?

Question: I know that Hacking is illegal in any country. my question is this "is it illegal to hack enemy country website ?" e.g i lived in Pakistan, let say i hacked Indian Govt websites. is this illegal ? if this is illegal what will be fine and prison charge?
Comment: It depends on the laws of Pakistan and the willingness of the Pakistani authorities to enforce them. It would be illegal in India obviously, so theoretically if they knew you had hacked them, they could issue an international arrest warrant that would make travelling outside of Pakistan risky.
Answer: This question really depends on the specific countries involved, as all law depends on jurisdiction. However, there are essentially two ways that breaking into foreign computer systems could be illegal: 1) Your own country has laws against hacking that include hacking into foreign computers
or 2) The country you're breaking into has laws about hacking that are not limited to citizens.
In the first case, your own country would find such "hacking" illegal; in the second, your target country would find such "hacking" illegal. If you violate the first, which is the less likely option, you could be traced, located and prosecuted by your own country. If you violate the second, which is the more likely option, the target country would target you for extradition and prosecution. Depending on the amount of political power your target country has, this could result in you being shipped off to another country to face their courts, without the protection of your own country.
In other words, it could very well be illegal, though the specific sentence resulting from such a crime is far too specific to even attempt to address in the general case.
Comment: @KashifSaleem That would help you with the less likely first case, it would not help you with the second, except perhaps by reducing the risk of extradition. To summarize, you're very likely to be breaking someone's laws, and if you carry out such "hacking" you will almost certainly be at risk of criminal prosecution. The only variable you're really tinkering with by changing locations is the likelihood of actually being extradited and/or prosecuted, and while I won't personally give you legal advice I wouldn't bet my chances on the odds of getting caught.
Comment: That country might think the hacking is a crime in their country and prosecute you. And of course the country that was hacked can ask them for extradition, and I would guess that Abu Dhabi or USA would be more likely to extradite you than your own country (especially to India).
Comment: what if i moved to third country like Abu Dhabi or US ?
Answer: You might think you are a hero for attacking a hostile foreign nation known for its rogue hacking activity, but you are not. In the grand scheme of diplomacy, you are a single individual acting on their own without authorization from your host state. Even if your activity is somewhat against "the enemy", you are not part of your host nation's cyber force which on its own, would not engage in such activity unless it is granted vetted permission. So the big answer is: YOU ARE ON YOUR OWN. Even reconnaissance can get you in trouble since you will be signaling to your victim that you are acting on your nation's behalf. Join your country's cyber force if you have all this hunger and skill...


I am studying from Yonsei University textbook which has no answers and I need to know which sentence is correct: 창문을 닫아주십시오 or 창문을 닫어주십시오?

Question: Which sentence is correct: 창문을 닫아주십시오 or 창문을 닫어주십시오?
Comment: Sidenote: If you are refering to **연세**대학교, its official Romanization is Yonsei, while the standard Romanization is Yeonse.
Answer: The Korean language has vowel harmony. A letter which contains ㅏ, ㅗ, ㅑ, ㅛ, ㅘ, ㅚ, ㅐ(positive vowel) is followed by -아. A letter which contains ㅓ, ㅜ, ㅕ, ㅠ, ㅔ, ㅝ, ㅟ, ㅖ (negative vowel) is followed by -어.
For example, 닫 contains a positive vowel ㅏ, so you have to use 아 after the letter. In contrast, 먹 has a negative vowel ㅓ, it is followed by 어.
FYI) But there are many exceptions in Korean. Furthermore, vowel harmony is continuously vanishing from modern Korean. It is always recommended to check dictionaries first.
Answer: I assume you mean 창문(窓門, window), not 장문(長文, long sentence).
창문을 닫아주십시오 is correct.
Answer: One thing that may trip a new learner is: even though 닫아주십시오 is absolutely correct as a written form, when speaking, Koreans frequently pronounce it as 닫어주십시오.  Just like an English speaker would write "Going to be there" and pronounce it as "Gonna be there".
In general, if a verb/adjective ends with ㅏ+(consonant)+-다 (such as 닫다, 잡다, 막다, 안다), then it can be pronounced with -어 in colloquial speech.
Of course, there's a good chance that your textbook will say "닫아 is correct and 닫어 is wrong!", which is, well, true in the sense that it's standard - so always remember to spell it as 닫아, and it's probably a good idea to pronounce it as 닫아 as well, but when someone else pronounces it as 닫어, now you know what it means.


What is the meaning of the subscript sometimes seen after Cartesian products in geometry?

Question: I often seen a subscript after a Cartesian product, e.g. $A \times_\kappa B$, for example in this Wikipedia article about the spin bundle. What is the meaning of this generalised Cartesian product? Thanks.
Comment: It is know as a pullback, or as a fiber(ed) product. Searching those terms will help you.
Comment: Thanks. I just had no idea how to search for it. I will look that up.
Answer: This usually denotes a fibered product or pullback, a categorial generalisation of the ordinary product.
As you tagged (general-topology), I will describe the pullback in the category of topological spaces, but let's begin with the categorical description: Suppose we are given three spaces $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ and two continuous maps, $f \colon X \to Z$ and $g \colon Y \to Z$, think of them as follows:
$$
  \begin{matrix}
       && X\\
       & &\downarrow f\\
      Y & \stackrel g\to & Z
   \end{matrix}
$$
Then, the pullback $X \times_Z Y$ (along $f$ and $g$) is given by a topological space $X \times_Z Y$ and to continuous maps (called projections), $\pi_X \colon \def\p{X \times_Z Y}\p \to X$ and $\pi_Y \colon \p\to Y$, such that
$$
  \begin{matrix}
     \p  &\stackrel{\pi_X}\to & X\\
      \downarrow \pi_Y& &\downarrow f\\
      Y & \stackrel g\to & Z
   \end{matrix}
$$
commutes and $\p$ is universal with this property, that is if we are given a space $P$ and maps $p_X \colon P \to X$ and $p_Y \colon P \to Y$, such that
$$
  \begin{matrix}
     P  &\stackrel{p_X}\to & X\\
      \downarrow p_Y& &\downarrow f\\
      Y & \stackrel g\to & Z
   \end{matrix} \tag 1
$$
commutes, there is an unique continuous $i \colon P \to \p$ such that $\pi_X i = p_X$ and $\pi_Y i = p_Y$.
For topological spaces, the pullback is given by the subspace (with the subspace topology) of the ordinary product
$$ X \times_Z Y := \{(x,y) \in X \times Y: f(x) = g(y) \} $$
and the projections are the usually coordinate projections (to be more exact, their restrictions). For suppose, we are given some $P$ as in (1), we may define $i \colon P \to \p$ by $i(q) = \bigl(p_X(q), p_Y(q)\bigr)$, as $p_X$ and $p_Y$ is continuous, $i$ is, as it is well-defined, since (1) commutes. $i$ is unique, since we must have $\pi_X i = p_X$ and dito for $Y$.
Comment: What if the subscript is a group acting on the two spaces, e.g. $S^1\times_{\Bbb Z/2\Bbb Z} S^2$? I don't see how there can be a meaningful map, say, $S^1\to \Bbb Z/2\Bbb Z$.
Comment: Thanks. This is a really helpful explanation.  I have two further questions, though. In the article I linked, the subscript on the product is a map. What does this mean? Also, if I am given, say, $X\times_Z Y$ with no mention of the maps $f,g$ how can this be understood?
Comment: If you are given $X \times_Z Y$ without mentioning the maps, the maps have to be and are usually "obvious" from context.