Does this message after the Undyne fight mean that I am no longer on the genocide route?

Question: Earlier today I was playing undertale, i just killed papyrus and I was going to continue my genocide run, but after undyne, my save point said "you feel dread in your body but you tell yourself to STAY DETERMINED" instead of "determination" or "## left" did I ruin my genocide run or not, please help me figure out what happened.
Comment: Did you have the normal Undyne fight or the Undyne the Undying fight? Similarly, did you have the normal Papyrus fight or did you kill him in 1 hit?
Answer: If your save point says "You feel dread in your body but you tell yourself to STAY DETERMINED", then yes, you probably aborted the genocide route and are on the path to a neutral route.
-Did you miss any monsters in any areas?
-Did you get 'But no one came' in all areas?
Answer:
after undyne, my save point said "you feel dread in your body but you tell yourself to STAY DETERMINED" instead of "determination" or "## left"

In the Neutral Route, the only message which mentions a feeling of dread appears at the SAVE point named "Waterfall - Hallway" (right after you see Undyne for the first time). I will therefore assume that this was before you got very far into Waterfall.

please help me figure out what happened.

According to the Undertale Wiki, you need to do all of the following to do a Genocide run:

Exhaust the random monster kill counter in every region. This requirement must be done before approaching the final encounter of that area.

[Snip extended content about how the kill counter works]

Kill every boss and miniboss (Secret bosses So Sorry and Mad Mew Mew are not accessible, and Glyde is optional). All mini-bosses (excluding Snowdrake and Lesser Dog and including Shyren) can be encountered even after the kill counter is exhausted, which can be used to obtain extra EXP.

Toriel
Snowdrake
Doggo
Lesser Dog (random but mandatory encounter)
Dogi
Greater Dog
Papyrus
[snip post-Snowdin content]

If any of the listed bosses or minibosses are still alive, you failed the Genocide run and need to start again. You will also fail the run if you don't exhaust the kill counter before you encounter the final boss of each region.
Note particularly that both Snowdrake and Lesser Dog are mixed in with "regular" random encounters. They are not strictly guaranteed to appear, although it is rather unlikely that you would make it all the way through the rest of the kill counter without seeing them at all. If this happened, you could repeatedly spare enemies until you encountered the missing miniboss, as sparing enemies does not abort the Genocide run. In most cases, this is not necessary, but if it does become necessary, you must obviously begin sparing before the kill counter hits zero. Slightly less obviously, if you have encountered neither of these minibosses, then you must begin sparing when the counter reaches two, because killing either miniboss will decrement the counter.


How probable is it to get a short stay visa for France as an Indian inside 3-4 business days?

Question: I'd planned on presenting a paper of mine at a conference in Paris. The conference starts from 9th May. For some reason, my official invitation letter reached me very late. One of my friends availed the Premium Service Lounge facility in VFS Mumbai and he advised me to do the same to get a visa in such a short time. I'm travelling to Mumbai this weekend and will apply for the visa first thing on Monday 2nd. My flight is also from Mumbai, on 7th. Is there any chance I'll get the visa in this short time? The conference is important for me and rescheduling is not an option (especially as the organizers themselves booked my flight). I can cancel my visit, but they've requested me to let them know 2-3 days beforehand. So my question is, can I possibly get the visa by 6th if I apply on 2nd Morning? I know they always issue the visa inside 15 working days (given in their website) but that's the maximum guaranteed time. Has anyone been in such a situation before and got the visa? And is their some other way where I can get the visa quicker? One of my colleagues suggested that visa applications in the Pondicherry consulate are issued inside 48 hours, but I can't trust the information for sure. Any help or advise will be highly appreciated.
Comment: It's already Monday. Apply _today_. Don't wait a whole week.
Comment: I don't stay in Mumbai, quite far from it unfortunately. And it's Tuesday afternoon already. I can't reach Mumbai before Friday/Saturday.And in any case, the Premium Service Lounge can't give me an appointment before Friday.
Comment: In Doha, VFS will not even accept visa applications for many Schengen Embassies if the day of travel is near than 15 business days. (Source: happened to a friend). They have premium services, but here that means applicant sits in a lounge, no queue, agent comes to you and collect papers, free sms updates; but they clearly that premium or not-premium will & can not affect visa application result.
Answer: There is no way to tell how fast your application will be processed. It has many factors, and none depend on the VFS premium service - this just expedites how quickly your application reaches the consulate and has no bearing on how quickly the consulate issues their decision.
The guaranteed time for a response is within 15 days; however you may be able to get a response quickly if:

You can show previous travel to the Schengen area; ideally multiple visas / trips.
You have an existing travel history.
Your application provides solid ties to your home domicile.
Your documents do not require further clarification or processing (for example, your bank statements do not show any large random deposits, etc.)

Unfortunately if this is your first time you'll need to provide a scan of your fingerprints and (most likely) be required to schedule an interview.
Therefore, I would not wait at all and apply well in advance.
Comment: Thanks. Fortunately, I won't be needing an interview. Let's see if I get the visa.


Can I take small party decoration orders on H4 VISA

Question: My wife is on H4 VISA and is interested in doing ballon decoration for small birthday parties. Can she take such party decoration orders while on H 4 VISA.
Comment: Not unless she has an EAD. See https://www.uscis.gov/working-united-states/temporary-workers/employment-authorization-certain-h-4-dependent-spouses  (I won't be able to turn this into an answer in the near future. If someone else wants to, please feel free)
Answer: Individuals with an H-4 visa may work, but only after applying for, and being issued an Employment Authorization Document (EAD/Form I-766).
USCIS Employment Authorization for Certain H-4 Dependent Spouses

Certain H-4 dependent spouses of H-1B nonimmigrants can file Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization, if the H-1B nonimmigrant:

Is the principal beneficiary of an approved Form I-140, Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker; or
Has been granted H-1B status under sections 106(a) and (b) of the American Competitiveness in the Twenty-first Century Act of 2000 as amended by the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act (AC21).

The Employment Authorization for Certain H-4 Dependent Spouses final rule (H-4 rule), effective on May 26, 2015, seeks to support the goals of attracting and retaining highly skilled foreign workers and minimizing the disruption to U.S. businesses resulting from H-1B nonimmigrants who choose not to remain in the United States and pursue LPR status.
For more information on the H-4 rule, please visit our Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page.


What are Linux kernel modules?

Question: I was wondering if someone could explain what Linux kernel modules are to someone who comes from Windows?
Answer: It's a way of dynamically loading code into the Linux kernel, which the lowest level part of the GNU/Linux operating system.  Windows device drivers are often used for similar purposes.  You can read this somewhat old FAQ.  Some things have changed, but the basic idea remains the same.
Comment: So is that like a Windows device driver?
Comment: Yes, many modules are used for device drivers.  However, there are other purposes, such as filesystems.
Answer: Kernel modules are stand-alone pieces of code that are loaded into the kernel to provide support for specific hardware.
For example the Linux kernel itself can't make use of a serial port (RS-232), but when you load the appropriate kernel module, it can.
The lsmod command will show you a list of currently loaded kernel modules.
Answer: Linux kernel modules are equivalent in concept to Windows device drivers.
To have a piece of hardware work, you need a driver for it in Windows, and you need a device driver kernel module for it in Linux.
Device drivers need to directly access hardware and therefore run in kernel mode.  Normal user applications run in user mode.  A user mode program has the protections of the CPU's MMU and cannot interfere with the operation of another user mode program or anything running in kernel mode.  Things running in kernel mode do not have this protection, but can access hardware directly.  So this is why they are called kernel modules.
You can build your own Linux kernel, and incorporate modules into the kernel.  They then cease being modules at that point and are part of the kernel.  Usually it's beneficial to only build in a small number of drivers needed for booting and let hardware detection load the rest of what's needed, although you can build a completely "static" kernel not relying on loading any modules if you wanted.

What are Linux kernel modules?


What does it mean when my hero is taken out?

Question: The Pocket Edition of Danger Patrol says that a hero is "taken out" when he rolls 6 danger at once. What does that mean? Is my hero out of the game for the rest of the session, or does it mean something less drastic?
Answer: Until the end of the scene (probably)
Because of the short size of Danger Patrol Pocket Edition, there isn't an answer in the text for this question.
However, by analogy to the full-size Danger Patrol, you should be able to heal from being taken out in an Interlude between scenes.

After an action scene, we play a short interlude scene. An interlude
  is a brief bit of roleplaying or narration by a player, similar to the
  "Previously On" moments at the beginning of the episode. They
  should be short and punchy (no more than a minute or two). They're
  a chance for the players to narrate cool stuff, roleplay with each other,
  recover from the action, and—most importantly—set up questions to
  be answered in the next part of the game (Suspense!).
Answer: I was confused by this fact, as well. When a character was 'taken out' early in the session (there is only one tiny remark that suggests there might be another action scene to follow, so we were set up very all-or-nothing for a single scene in our session), we could not imagine that player being out for the rest of it and decided on the following house rule, which worked well for the purpose and created good drama later:

When you are 'taken out', you can only take the Recovery action. When you take the Recovery action when taken out, you are not taken out any more, but you gain 6 threat dice.

Which means that you can either take another recovery action and be back to full strength, or you can risk life and limbs and being taken out again with a very high chance if the situation is dire. In the game we played, we saw both options taken, and our victory was narrowly achieved due to someone jumping back into the fray just after having Recovered in this manner (and immediately taken out again at the same time as the very last Threat remaining), so it worked well for the drama the game seems to be built around.


How to build a good opening repertoire?

Question: I am struggling to build a good opening repertoire. I have tried a few chessable courses. None of them have worked. My opponents counter my opening pretty easily. What is the best way to build a good opening repertoire? My openings for black are the Modern and the Dutch and my opening for white is the London System?
Comment: 1) what is your rating? 2) do you have some example games? In general the answer is going to be: after the game, look what went wrong, and improve that. Then repeat. Also the effect of opening knowledge is always going to be tiny, after a few moves both players are on their own and the rest of chess ability matters from then on.
Comment: One question: did you choose these openings that you play because you like playing the resulting positions, or did you choose them for some other reason? For instance, some people mistakenly choose to play the London system because it's not very sharp although they dislike the resulting positions.
Comment: Dutch and Modern are risky and harder to play for black (as opposed to say QGD), black can easily get into a bad position, and thus are not generally recommended for beginners (if you are). What other opening have you tried? And why did they not work. out for you?
Comment: @Lone_Ranger, I think KID is has very good attacking prospects, so I think it is worth a try. My issue with Dutch was that weakening of g8-a2 diagonal and king's position in general gave white more tactical opportunities as well as allowed for possibilities of many gambits, KID, as far as I know doesn't have these issues.
Comment: Scounged I picked these openings because I read it in an article. Do you think that's the reason why struggle in the opening? I am good in the Modern defence and the London System but I am not sure about the Dutch defence. In fact, I have never won a game with black when my opponent played 1.d4. Do you have any suggestions?
Comment: Akavall I generally get into good positions with the Modern. But like I said I struggle with the Dutch. To be frank, I just get into bad positions. Do you have any suggestions? I am thinking of using the King's Indian Defense. Is it good? Besides, if it helps I am a player who likes to attack.
Answer: Expanding on RemcoGerlich's comment...
Beginners often overestimate the importance of opening theory. If your rating is below around 2000 or even somewhat above) it is perfectly possible to get by with a very rudimentary knowledge of opnenings. It is unlikely that you lose many games because of the opening. All of your mentioned openings tend to go for closed positions and are not full of tactics or traps that you can fall into. It is much more likely that you lose for other reasons than lack of opening repertoire.
Much more important is being good at tactics and having a good positional understanding, knowing the typical plans in certain pawn structures. The first part tactics is easy to train by repetition solving puzzles. The second aspect (positional understanding( is harder and requires time. I recommend to read through annotated games or (nowadays) watch commented games of which you find plenty on chess24, chess.com, youtube, etc.
Once you have a decent understanding of plans and positional play, learning openings will make much more sense because you will understand why a certain move is  made and also what to do if your opponent makes a non-standard move that is not in your repertoire.
Most definitely you don't want to learn openings by heart without understanding the ideas behind them.

How to build a good opening repertoire?


Charge a battery with switch and diode

Question: I want to charge a battery my power supply is 6V ,
I Need to add a battery to my circuit and need to charge it for a long time.
should i add a switch in series or in parallel to the diode?
this is my schematic :
Comment: That's only part of a schematic. And a very confusing part at that. Is the 7.4V component supposed to be your battery? And the 6V thing is your power supply? What do you think will happen when you connect a 7.4V battery to a 6V power supply? Please explain more clearly what the circuit is supposed to do and where you plan to connect you battery. Also provide a more useful schematic.
Comment: hos: We need to know 1: What is the battery chemistry? (LiIon/LiPo, NiMH, ...) Q2 What is the 6V power source? (Another battery. a mains power supply, ...) Q3: You say " ... for a long time ." -> What does that mean? Do you mean it must be able to be left connected without damage, or you want the charge rate to be slow, or ...? You need to provide more detail for us to be able to answer this question well.
Comment: @StarCat in parallel to the power supply(6V) i connect the battery (7.4V).
Comment: The voltage of the charging source must be higher than the battery voltage in order to charge the battery - but you can't simply connect a charging source and battery in parallel without some means of controlling the charge current.
Answer: To charge a battery the charging voltage MUST be at least as high as the maximum voltage that you wish the battery to be charged to.
In this case, if the "7.4 V" battery consists of 2 x LiIon or LiPo cells then the minimum voltage for normal charging is 2 x 4.2V = 8.4V as a LiIon or LiPo cell is usually charged to a maximum of 4.2V/cell.
Connecting a 6V supply to a 2 cell LiIon battery will discharge the battery to 3V/cell which is about fully discharged. Adding a diode as shown will  discharge the battery to ABOUT 6.6V and not charge it at all. Reversing the diode polarity will not charge the battery as the available voltage is then 6V-Vdiode = 6V-0.6V  =5.4V = 2.7V/cell.
This is at the very bottom end of the cells' discharge range.
IF you wish to charge a 2 cell LiIon or LiPo battery you must have at least 8V, and usually more like 9V available AND MUST have a proper charge control circuit.

Charge a battery with switch and diode


How do I connect a bass guitar to my iPad to use with Garage Band

Question: Garage Band for iOS has a mode to use real instruments. The documentation is unclear, however, how to connect those instruments to the iOS device. What options exist to connect an electric bass guitar to an iOS device to use with Garage Band?
Answer: Hope this will help?
http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/6-easy-ways-to-connect-your-guitar-to-your-iphone-ipad-or-ipod-touch-516544
Or even more specific:
https://gigaom.com/2013/02/09/four-ways-to-connect-your-instrument-to-garageband/
Or you meant something different?
Answer: I have been using iRig from IK Multimedia. It works great, and is a quite cheap solution.
IK Multimedia Website
Comment: Can you tell me more how this works for you? What do you plug into what?
Comment: These links, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6z87yQaV4Vg or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcysqbWD5YM explains it quite well... Don't expect to have studio quality sound, but it works great for practicing.


Is a firearms id card required to own, possess, or use a rifle or shotgun in a shooting range in NJ?

Question: Is a firearms id card required to own, possess, or use a rifle or shotgun in a shooting range in NJ? I know there is an exception for inheritance but what about a gift or out of state gift? Would it be then legally necessary to get a firearm id card for the rifle even though you won't be purchasing any in NJ?
Comment: What does it mean to "own a rifle in a shooting range"?  You own the gun, but you store it at the range and only use it there?
Comment: @NateEldredge Let's say you were currently an NJ resident and received a gift (single shot bolt action rifle) from someone when you were out of state, would it be legal to bring it back to NJ or would you have to apply for a FID before you could bring your property back to NJ with you and use it as someone who ordinarily purchased it in NJ with an FID... the unique situation here is you have no FID because you do not plan on buying a weapon in NJ or anywhere.
Answer: You have a lot of different, but related, questions grouped together. I have included the relevant statutes in the longer answer below, but to summarize:
Under Federal Law, you may not receive as a gift a firearm from a person who resides in another state without going through a licensed dealer in your state.
Under New Jersey law, you must have a firearms purchaser identification card in order to possess a rifle that you own at a range or any other location. You may receive a rifle as a gift from a person who lives in New Jersey provided you have a firearms purchaser identification card and the transfer is registered with the chief of police of the municipality in which you reside or the superintendent.
You may possess a rifle at a shooting range in New Jersey without a firearms purchaser identification card if the rifle was lent to you by the licensed range or a licensed instructor.
Let's start with transferring firearms from the federal perspective:
From the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco Firearms and Explosives:

Under Federal law, an unlicensed individual [someone without a Federal
  Firearms License] is prohibited from transferring a firearm to an
  individual who does not reside in the State where the transferee
  resides. Generally, for a person to lawfully transfer a firearm to an
  unlicensed person who resides out of State, the firearm must be
  shipped to a Federal Firearms Licensee (FFL) within the recipient's
  State of residence.

There is an exception for inheritances.
Federal Law does allow one to purchase long-guns (rifles and shotguns) across state lines if the laws of both states are followed but the purchase must be from a licensed dealer.
New Jersey allows the purchase of rifles and shotguns across state lines but requires that a purchaser have a firearms purchaser identification card:

b. Firearms purchaser identification card. No person shall sell, give, transfer, assign or otherwise dispose of nor receive, purchase or otherwise acquire an antique cannon or a rifle or shotgun, other than an antique rifle or shotgun, unless the purchaser, assignee, donee, receiver or holder is licensed as a dealer under this chapter or possesses a valid firearms purchaser identification card, and first exhibits said card to the seller, donor, transferor or assignor, and unless the purchaser, assignee, donee, receiver or holder signs a written certification, on a form prescribed by the superintendent, which shall indicate that he presently complies with the requirements of subsection c. of this section and shall contain his name, address and firearms purchaser identification card number or dealer's registration number. The said certification shall be retained by the seller, as provided in paragraph (4) of subsection a. of N.J.S.2C:58-2, or, in the case of a person who is not a dealer, it may be filed with the chief of police of the municipality in which he resides or with the superintendent.

You must have a firearms purchaser identification card in order to possess a rifle unless it is under one of two specific exceptions for the temporary possession of the rifle.
New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice, § Sec. 2C:39-5 Unlawful possession of weapons states in part:

c. Rifles and shotguns

Any person who knowingly has in his possession any rifle or shotgun without having first obtained a firearms purchaser
  identification card in accordance with the provisions of
  N.J.S.2C:58-3, is guilty of a crime of the third degree.

There are exceptions for the temporary possession of firearms spelled out in 2c:58-3.1 and 2c:58-3.2:
2C:58-3.1:

...The person to whom a handgun, rifle or shotgun is temporarily
  transferred by the legal owner of the firearm or a licensed dealer may
  receive, possess, carry and use that handgun, rifle or shotgun, if the
  transfer is made upon a firing range operated by a licensed dealer, by
  a law enforcement agency, a legally recognized military organization
  or a rifle or pistol club which has filed a copy of its charter with
  the superintendent and annually submits to the superintendent a list
  of its members and if the firearm is received, possessed, carried and
  used for the sole purpose of target practice, trap or skeet shooting,
  or competition upon that firing range or instruction and training at
  any location.

2c:58-3.2:

...The person to whom a firearm is transferred by a certified instructor
  in accordance with the terms of this section may receive, possess,
  carry and use the firearm temporarily during the sessions of the
  course for the purpose of training and participating in the course.
Comment: thank you for the useful references, so if someone who already owned a rifle and lived in PA and wanted to move to NJ they basically could not move to NJ with their property without first obtaining a firearms ID card and if you have a friend in PA they could not gift you a rifle without going through the federal process unless it was a family inheritance.
Comment: Someone moving to NJ from PA with a rifle is a different situation and different question. The second statement is correct, someone in a different state cannot gift you a rifle without going through the federal process. The federal process, though, is easy and quite common - ship the rifle to an FFL in New Jersey and then go in and get the rifle. Most FFLs will charge a small handling fee for the background check. Where I live it ranges from $15-$25. The FFL will make sure all federal and local laws are followed in performing the transfer. Most gun stores will provide the service.


Add the ability to go to the next/previous question when viewing a question

Question: In order to get to a new question when reading a question, currently you need to go back to the list of questions.  It would be nice to have next/previous buttons on the current question page that take you to the next/previous question based on the "list" of questions you are currently viewing.  By list, I mean either the set produced by a search or by clicking on one of the various tabs to select an ordering.
Comment: any chance this idea will get some dev-love?
Comment: +1 I would appreciate this functionality to.
Comment: This would be an excellent feature.  Sometimes I have a few minutes and want to contribute to SO but don't have time to research answers.  Next-ing through a batch of questions looking for typos/formatting fixes would be great!
Comment: I am on board with this question. Makes it WAY more easier to do the [Civic Duty](https://meta.stackexchange.com/help/badges/32/civic-duty) badge.
Comment: I'm thinking shortcut keys K and J ;)
Comment: Gmail have this since several years ago. Why SE can't on 2020?
Answer: The issue would be in determining how you got to the question. Should you view the next unanswered question, the next question from a search, the next bounty question? How will the system know where next is?
Update:
An issue stemming from this is that it would be very intensive. When you click next the following would have to be executed:
 1. Determine the listing page that the user came from
 2. Re-query to find the data for the next question that should appear after where you are. Note that depending on the listing page used, the sort order could have dramatically changed since last visit. It would then have to relocate your question in the list, and find next question.
 3. Take this information and redirect the user.
Unknowns:
 1. What if the user came to a page by direct link, there is no default next behavior. Since we can't assume that the last listing page they visited was the page that got them to where they are, the result is a very random and unintuitive next selection.
Current implementation:
 1. Going back requires no extra work as the last page is usually cached. Sort order is maintained, and everything you remember being there will still be there.
 2. Clicking on a link will request the new page, the server simply needs to serve the new page, hence it is very lightweight.
Comment: Yeah... i was wondering the same thing. I guess you could save the referring page somehow... might get weird with "sticky tabs" though.
Comment: There may be a way to deal with navigation to a page via direct links. When the user clicks on a topic in a list page, it could set something up under the covers that lets the target page know that the user came from a list as opposed to from soemwhere else.
Comment: A possible way to deal with your concerns would be to send the query via GET or POST. In this way, the simplest way to address your unknown is to simply _define_ a default behaviour - when the GET or POST parameter is empty, one can either leave previous/next out entirely, or perhaps use the Stack Overflow main page.
Answer: A simple implementation (but very useful to me) would allow me to do the following:
I create a query and get the result page. I decide to sort on votes. When I click on a result to view the question, SO creates a list of the (say) 15 questions before and after the question. Now I can navigate 15 prevs and 15 nexts, which is often enough. When I'm at the first question of the list, I get a link "back to query result", instead of the prev button. When at the end, I get it instead of the next button.
This way, SO doesn't need to reissue the query; it can just track the list. I've got no idea if keeping track of one (or more) of such a list would put much of a burden on a system at SO's scale.
Comment: An implementation along these lines would be an improvement even if a full implementation is prohibitive.
Answer: I am voting in favor of this feature as I was looking for this feature. When someone is on roll he would quickly want to go to next.
Now here is how it can be done:

As mentioned in earlier comments, when someone is coming via a direct link or google search that feature can be disabled or at that time we can take user to next similar question which we are showing in "Related" box. I think that could help. So we need to determine that if someone is coming via search engine or direct link behavior should be different.
If someone is coming via Unanswered or newest page than we can take for example question "N" as first - the one which user clicks on and when he navigates to next we should take him to N-1, means the older question. If we keep adding newer questions in the stake there are possibilities that older question will stay unanswered for a while. So we can keep logic pretty simple. Clicking next should take user to older question in terms of time. But at the same time we can show user that there are "M" new questions asked under following tags and click here if you want to restart navigation. Something similar to what twitter does when new twitts are loaded. Also we can show newer questions in a box above "Related" or somewhere in right pane.
We should provide a choice to user that do you want to navigate through (next/prev) all questions or just from the questions which falls under your favorite tags?

I hope my ideas will help in concluding on this feature.
Answer: The feature is doable. A puzzle site that I always visit, griddlers.net, has 'next' buttons (but no 'previous' buttons :-( ) that get you to the next puzzle based on the sorting and filtering criteria of the list from which you navigated to the puzzle. I think they must cache the current page of the list to use for the 'next' buttons, because once you get to the last puzzle in the current page of the list, you don't get a 'next' button. (There are thousands of puzzles on that site, so I'm guessing they're trying to limit the use of server resources somehow.) I'm sure there must be a way to do this without limiting the next/previous navigation to just the current page in the list, though.


How can spontaneous $P$ or $CP$ violation arise? Examples needed

Question: In quantum field theory, there can be a spontaneous breakdown of discrete and continuous symmetries. Can there be a spontaneous breakdown of P and CP violation where P represents parity and C represents charge conjugation? Can we think about such possibilities?
Comment: See e.g. [here](http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1201.1730) for an example from the huge literature on this topic.
Answer: In the Standard Model (SM), with three generations of quarks and leptons, the CP violation is a consequence of the complex Yukawa couplings. Hence, CP is not the symmetry of the Lagrangian. However, if you can come up with a field theory where CP is a symmetry of the Lagrangian but the vacuum breaks the CP symmetry, it is quite possible to have spontaneous CP violation. Later I would like to expand on it.
For further details, please considers looking at the following references.

Spontaneous CP violation at the electroweak scale.
Spontaneous CP Violation by Francois Goffinet.

The second reference explains why spontaneous CP violation (SPCV) is not a possibility in the SM because you can always choose a vacuum which is invariant under CP. However, with more than one scalars such as with one doublet and one singlet you can achieve SCPV.
Answer: There are some restrictions, most notably the theorem of Vafa and Witten. These restrictions can be avoided at finite chemical potential and non-zero theta angle.
The standard examples are CP violation at $\theta=\pi$, see here, and P violation at finite isospin density (pion condensation).
Consider pion condensation: Take QCD and add an isospin chemical potential
$$
 {\cal L } = \mu_I\psi^\dagger \tau_3\psi
$$
where $\psi=(u,d)$ is a two-component spinor in isopsin space. This operator conserves $P$, so there is no explicit symmetry breaking here. It is also relevant to the real world, because finite nuclei and neutron stars have an excess of neutron over protons.
The partition function involves $H-\mu_I Q_I$, where $Q_I$ is the isospin charge. This means that the dispersion relation for negatively/positively charged pions (with isopsin $\pm 1$) is
$$
E_\pi = \sqrt{m_\pi^2+\vec{p}^2} \pm \mu_I
$$
and negatively/positively charged pions Bose condense for $|\mu_I|>m_\pi$.
Pions have negative intrinsic parity, and the Bose condensate breaks $P$.
Comment: Your answer is very technical for my purposes.
Comment: @mithusengupta123 added a few remarks
Comment: How should one interpret the statement "These restrictions can be avoided at finite chemical potential and non-zero theta angle."? A non-zero theta angle, more precisely $\theta\ne 0,\pi$ is known to violate P, and likewise a chemical potential C.
Comment: @marmot That's the point, $\theta=\pi$ does not violate $CP$, but sponatenous $CP$ violation may occur, as explained in the paper. The claim about $C$ in the case of pion condensation was indeed not right. This is just an example of spontaneous $P$ violation. I fixed this.


How many dummy variables should I use?

Question: I have data of four different regions that will be made into dummies. The problem is one of the regions only has one observation. The others have 30-50 observations. Is it ok to do a multiple regression with 4-1=3 dummies, leaving out only the region with one observation? Or do I also need to leave out another dummy?
Comment: Can you provide more context about what you are trying to do with the data?
Comment: I'm analyzing the purchases of some companies and factors (location, revenue, change in profit etc) affecting these purchases.
Comment: Are you intending to do prediction (you don't care about the rigor and interpreting the "effects" or coefficients of each variable), or inference (you do want to be able to)?
Comment: It seems to be inference I'm doing
Comment: Do you care about the coefficients on the dummies?
Comment: Yes. In that case I should use two dummies?
Answer: If a dummy variable regressor is equal to one for only a single observation (a singleton dummy), then the OLS estimates of the regression coefficients are identical to those that would be obtained if the dummy variable were omitted from the model, and the observation in question was deleted from the sample for all of the model's variables. See Salkever (1976) for details. Also, the residual for that one special observation will be exactly zero.
Under standard assumptions, the OLS estimator of the coefficient of such a dummy variable is inconsistent, even though OLS is still best linear unbiased. The OLS estimator for the coefficient vector associated with the remaining regressors retains its usual weak consistency property. The variance of the singleton dummy is still consistent. You can use this to test if that singleton is having a statistically significant impact on your estimated model. All this is covered in Hendry and Santos (2005), who also discuss what happens when a dummy variable is one for a finite and fixed number of observations, rather than just a single observation. An example is a monthly time series analysis, where you put in dummies for each of the COVID-19 months. Essentially, the same problem arises.
This result also holds for GMM, any generalized IV estimator, the MLE for any of the standard count-data models (Poisson, Negative Binomial), and also for quantile regression. See Giles (2011) for this.
All this is to say that you should definitely not include the singleton dummy in your model if you are interested in doing inference on its coefficient or interpreting it. Your other coefficients should still be fine.
Personally, I would exclude that observation entirely, or maybe do the Hendry and Santos test above if you do leave it in, or at least some kind robustness check that ensure that your results don't hinge on it.
As far as what you can include in the model, you always need to drop one dummy variable to avoid the dummy variable trap. So with 4 regions, you will have at most 3 dummies. Excluding the singleton dummy variable in addition to the baseline effectively includes it with the omitted category. I would only do this if it makes sense given some domain knowledge.
For example, take your 3 region dummies. If the baseline region and the singleton dummy are near each other (in space or culture or language), bundling them together might be acceptable. You can also bundle it with one of the included regions by recoding the singleton observation.

References:
Salkever, D. S. (1976). "The use of dummy variables to compute predictions, prediction errors, and confidence intervals." Journal of Econometrics, 4, 393-397.
Hendry, D. F. and C. Santos (2005), "Regression models with data-based indicator variables." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 67, 571-595.
Giles, D. E. (2011). "Econometric models with single-valued dummy variables" Mimeo., Department of Economics, University of Victoria
Comment: Thank you very much for this informative and thorough answer. I understand this now better.

How many dummy variables should I use?


How old is the word "upskirting"?

Question: In the comments section of this question the subject derailed slightly: is the word upskirting dependent on today's technology or is it older?
Comment: This reminds me of the Catholic girls from the 80s who told me that the nuns had told them not to polish their shoes too much , as it would give the boys an opportunity...
Comment: Guess I won't be research this one until I get home from work
Comment: Unfortunately, most of the references are to magazines and journals where the date extraction algorithm is often erroneous:  https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=upskirt%2C+upskirting&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cupskirt%3B%2Cc0
Comment: You might want to clarify what you mean by upskirting. I see a word spelled as such dating quite far back On Google Books, but the meaning is different from taking a photograph or peek up somebody's skirt, which is probably what you want to know about based on the linked question.
Comment: I am pretty sure that some form of this word goes back to at least Laurie Lee _Cider with Rosie_...
Comment: This is pretty obviously an unrelated usage, but I post it to illustrate that the formation of *upskirt* was possible far prior to 1998, albeit to mean a different thing. https://archive.org/details/blackwoodsmagazi181edinuoft/page/500?q=%28upskirting%29
Answer: The word upskirt to refer to photographs taken up women's skirts was coined no later than 1995.
The Internet domain upskirts.com was registered on 1995-10-13, and upskirt.com followed shortly after on 1996-06-10.
The term upskirt predates smart phones or other cell phones with cameras. A Washington Post article reprinted in the June 8, 1998, Amarillo (TX) Daily News warns:

In what they describe as a growing trend, police are beginning to catch video voyeurs trying to shoot private parts in public places. These men are aiming the latest compact camcorders up women's skirts in crowded stores and shopping malls, parks and fairs - and often posting the pictures on the Internet.
. . . [P]olice arrested a 21-year-old man who was holding a palm-size video camera under a woman's dress. . . [P]olice nabbed a 19-year-old man toting a bulky VHS video camera. He was angling for similar shots in the china department. . .
What began as a small photo gallery on the Internet a couple of years ago has rapidly expanded to more than 40 such "Upskirt" sites. . .

Answer: The first example of upskirting quoted by the OED is from 1998. And it would appear that it does not predate digital photography.

The habit or practice of taking upskirt photographs or videos. See
  upskirt adj. and n.
1998   Re: Lets start Interesting Post in alt.native (Usenet
  newsgroup) 12 Sept.   Thus begins the fine distinctions of 'privacy'
  rights in public places, of which the issue of 'upskirting' is just
  one.
2000   Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 10 Oct. a12   Beginning today,
  Ohio law increases the penalties for secretly taking pictures up a
  woman's skirt.., called 'upskirting'.
2005   West Australian (Perth) (Nexis) 17 Feb. 38   He would hide the
  camera inside a backpack..and..film up his victims' skirts (known as
  upskirting).
2012   C. Quigley & D. Pollock What on Earth are you Wearing? (new
  ed.) 97/1   When my mum was at school, they wouldn't let the boys wear
  patent-leather shoes because they thought they would use them to look
  up girls' skirts. I guess this was the beta version of upskirting.
2017   Times (Nexis) 15 Aug. (Times 2 section) 7   The offence of
  voyeurism doesn't cover upskirting.
Comment: Also, the OED doesn't describe any instance of the term *upskirt* before 1994, and its first examples are the likes of filenames and Usenet discussions. I wouldn't be surprised if *upskirting* were used in spoken language or lost text files before 1998.
Answer: The term upskirt appears to have been used as early as in June 1998:

"A video, usually taken in a crowded location such as a shopping mall, that is shot up a woman's skirt" without the woman's permission or even knowledge. (Source: Word Spy)
Urban Dictionary's earliest entry for upskirting is from 2006, but Word Spy found a 1998 mention in the Washington Post:

What began as a small photo gallery on the Internet a couple of years ago has rapidly expanded to more than 40 such "Upskirt" sites, including one devoted entirely to shots taken up skirts in Maryland, said [Alexandria detective Harold] Duquette, who has been tracking the trend.
—Patricia Davis, "Video Peeping Toms Seeing More Trouble," The Washington Post, June 7, 1998

(nancyfriedman.typepad.com)
Answer: upskirt (adj.)  Etymonine.com
by 1997, from up (adv.) + skirt (n.). As a verb by 2008.

"Upskirt" videos, usually taken using low-hanging bags, feature
  up-close-and-personal crotch shots of leggy, panty-clad young women.
  ["Weekly World News," Sept. 29, 1998]

The word is ~ 20 years old. The practice? Since Adam and Eve were evicted from the garden! Small cameras etc (digital) have facilitated such.  I suspect though the practice of 'photographing' occurred back in the 8mm and flash photography days.
Comment: Not to mention the practice of guys fastening mirrors to the toes of their shoes.
Answer: The earliest use I can find of upskirt in a related sense is in Jack van Niftrik's 1980 novel Where Rumour Never Reaches:

He experienced the contrasting sensations of sorrow at the plight of the Nongamas, the Bikos and the Molefes of the world and a flash of sexual desire by a breathtaking upskirt glimpse of honeyed thighs and white triangle of underwear.

This use is of course an adjective rather than a verb, and it seems that adjective and noun uses are by far the most common. The OED only lists adjective and noun senses, though it does list the noun upskirting as a separate noun (earliest attested use being in 1998) which it says is derived from the adjective rather than from upskirt as a verb. (This does not mean it is denying a verb use that it doesn't record).
Of course, English speakers verb adjectives and nouns all the time, whether directly or to form a gerund form like upskirting, so as long as we can find the adjective upskirt as something deliberately sought (rather than the accidental glimpse van Niftrik's novel describes) we can expect it. The OED has both adjective and noun forms of upskirt attested in 1994.
To conjecture about how far back it may go we can ask how far back we could reasonably expect to find upskirting. Pornographic pictures showing a view up a skirt exist from the early days of photography, (and in painting Fragonad's Les Hasards heureux de l'escarpolette shows a man enjoying such a view, without sharing it with the painting's audience, as far back as ca 1767 while Marilyn Monroe's famous revealing moment in The Seven Year Itch in 1955 was not the earliest in moving pictures by a large measure) but since the gerund form generally refers to deliberately surreptitious pictures taken without consent, the phenomenon of upskirting really depended reasonably fast film and either on the telephoto lens, or small "spy" cameras, so really not much earlier than the 1980s as something that wouldn't need remarkably exotic equipment. (Ubiquitous mobile phone cameras of course make it much easier today).
One only needs terms when discussing something though, which means not just someone actively taking such photographs, but a community of people sharing them and discussing the taking of them. That doesn't really seem to have predated Usenet in any large-scale and continuous manner, so we could take 1980, being the time that it first became possible to share binary files such as photographs on Usenet, as the earliest it could possibly go back to. Realistically we're probably talking about the late 80s or early 90s, but almost certainly no earlier than 1980, and clearly by the time of the first OED attested use in 1998.

How old is the word "upskirting"?


Public and private keys

Question: How to generate public and private keys? And how to use that keys to send and receive bitcoins without using any wallet?
Comment: do you want a technical explanation (algorithms etc) or do you just want to know a tool which generates you keypairs?
Answer: got this from the appendix in Andreas' book "Mastering Bitcoin":

The Python library pycoin, ... is a Python-based library that supports
  manipulation of bitcoin keys and transactions, even supporting the
  scripting language enough to properly deal with nonstandard
  transactions. The pycoin library supports both Python 2 (2.7.x) and
  Python 3 (after 3.3) and comes with some handy command-line utilities,
  ku and tx.

and next chapter:

Bitcoin Explorer (bx) is a command-line tool that offers a variety of
  commands for key management and transaction construction. It is part
  of the libbitcoin bitcoin library.

There are a plethora of tools on the market, which allow to create the keys, the tx and even send the tx to the network.
Using these tools without a wallet application, from the command line, you can create a bitcoin address, you can send transactions, and you can see amounts on you address. However you cannot "receive" bitcoins, there is not directly  such concept. You would present your public key to someone, who then sends you some Satoshis might be a better description.
I have created my own set of shell scripts, which allow to do the same (for learning purposes). Shamelessly selfmarketing :-)  https://github.com/pebwindkraft/trx_cl_suite.
I highly recommend Andreas' book, it is online and in many languages available, and provides a proper overview of the underlyings of bitcoin.
Answer: It would not be possible to do a transaction just with the help of public and private keys without making use of any wallets or Simple Payment Verification (SPV) node.
Basically public and private keys could be generated yourself easily. But bitcoin network needs something more than a public key to represent it as bitcoin node address.
Once you create a random 256 bit (64 digit hexa characters) private key, public key could be computed by using Eliptical Curve Cryptography.
Once you have the private key (PK), you have to hash it using SHA and RIPEMD to get a 160 bit payload.
SHA-256( RIPEMD-160(PK)). This payload is combined with version code and checksum. Finally, they are Base-58 encoded to get the bitcoin address which is the identity of your node.
If you do not wish to use any available wallets, you can create your own bitcoin SPV node where you can have control over your own private key and create a new key whenever you like.
Here are some reference links:
Create a bitcoin address
Bitcoin SPV
Answer: If you just want to receive and send bitcoin without using any wallet you could generate public/private key using this open source website: bitaddress.org

Just send some bitcoins to generated public key and share the private key with the person who going to spend this bitcoins.
they can spend the bitcoins using bitcoin-core application, electrum or blockchian.info

Public and private keys


Can information be extracted more precisely using more random trials?

Question: Write $n$ iid draws of $(x,y)$ as $(x^n, y^n)$. Fix $R\in (0,H(x))$. What is the min of  $n^{-1}H(y^n|f(x^n))$ over maps $f$ with range $\lbrace 1,\dots,\exp nR\}$, taking $n\to \infty$?
Comment: $H$ is (conditional) Shannon entropy. $(x,y)$ is distributed over $\mathcal{X}\times \mathcal{Y}$, both sets finite.
Comment: What is $H$? Any function of the data or something more specific? Also what do we know about the distribution of $(x, y)$?
Comment: My current thinking is to find $\min_s n^{-1}H(y^n|x^n \in s)$ over sets $s$ of $\exp(n(H(x)-R))$ sequences typical for $x^n$, taking $n\to\infty$. Then if one can design $f$ with fibers similar to the optimum $s$, the main question is solved. I would be surprised if this new min wasn't equal to the information bottleneck optimum, which would make design of $f$ straightforward.
Comment: Is $f$ allowed to be a function of $n$ variables, or only a function of one variable applied element-wise?
Comment: $f$ is over $n$ vars jointly. The other case is already a single-letter problem whose answer can (in principle) be numerically estimated.
Answer: The characterization is given in terms of a so-called auxiliary random variable.  It is as explicit of an answer as you'll get, unless you consider very special cases (like jointly Gaussian $X,Y$, or binary-valued $X,Y$).  Namely, you have
$$
\lim_{n\to\infty}\min_{f: x^n \mapsto f(x^n)\in \{1,\dots,2^{nR}\}} \frac{1}{n}H(Y^n|f(X^n)) = \inf_{U : Y-X-U, I(X;U)\leq R} H(Y|U).
$$
In the expression on the right, we look over all random variables $U$, jointly distributed with $X,Y$, such that $Y$ and $U$ are conditionally independent given $X$, and $I(X;U)\leq R$, where $I$ denotes the usual mutual information.
This is a special case of the indirect source coding problem (or, more generally CEO problem) under logarithmic loss.  The information bottleneck problem corresponds to the unconstrained optimization problem associated to that on the right (i.e., the IB functional is equivalent to the Lagrangian of the thing on the right).
Here is a quick sketch of the proof.
Claim (Lower Bound):  For any $f: x^n \mapsto f(x^n) \in \{1,\dots, 2^{nR}\}$, there is a random variable $U$ satisfying $Y-X-U$, $I(X;U)\leq R$ and $\frac{1}{n}H(Y^n|f(X^n)) \geq H(Y|U)$.
Proof: By the chain rule, write
$$
\frac{1}{n}H(Y^n|f(X^n)) = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n H(Y_i|Y^{i-1},f(X^n))= \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n H(Y_i|V_i),
$$
where we define $V_i := (Y^{i-1},f(X^n))$. Observe that, since $(X^n,Y^n)$ are iid draws of $(X,Y)$, we have $Y_i - X_i - V_i$ for each $i=1,\dots, n$. Now, on a common probability space with $(X,Y)$ construct a random variable $U$ as follows.  Given $X=x$, draw $Q$ uniformly from $\{1,\dots, n\}$, and take $U = (V_Q,Q)$, where $V_Q|\{Q=i, X=x\} \sim p_{V_i|X_i}(\cdot | x)$.  Evidently, we have $Y - X - U$, and by definition of $U$,
$$
\frac{1}{n}H(Y^n|f(X^n)) = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n H(Y_i|V_i) = H(Y|U),
$$
since the $Y_i$'s are iid.  Now, for each $i=1,\dots, n$, we have $X_i - (X^{i-1},f(X^n)) - (Y^{i-1},f(X^n))$ (again, using the fact that $(X^n,Y^n)$ are iid draws of $X,Y$ together with the fact that $f$ is a function of the $x_i$'s), so properties of entropy and the data processing inequality give
$$
R \geq \frac{1}{n}I(X^n ; f(X^n)) = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n I(X_i ; X^{i-1},f(X^n)) \geq \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n I(X_i ; V_i) = I(X;U).
$$
Claim (Upper Bound): If $Y-X-U$ satisfy $I(X;U)\leq R$, then for $n$ sufficiently large, there is a function $f: x^n \to f(x^n) \in \{1,\dots, 2^{nR}\}$ with $\frac{1}{n}(H(Y^n| f(X^n))+o(n)) = H(Y|U)$
Proof: Fix any random variable $U$ on a common probability space with $(X,Y)$ such that $Y-X-U$ and $I(X;U) < R$.  Generate $2^{nR}$ sequences $U^n(1), \dots, U^n(2^{nR})$ independently, according to $p_U^{\otimes n}$.  By standard typicality arguments, if we observe $X^n$, then with high probability there is an index $f(X^n)\in \{1,\dots, 2^{nR}\}$ such that $U^n(f(X^n))$ is jointly typical with $X^n$ (and therefore also $Y^n$ by the Markov Lemma).  By standard properties of (conditional) typical sets, we have
$$
\frac{1}{n}H(Y^n| f(X^n)) \sim H(Y|U).
$$
Comment: Tom, thanks for the proof. I think this is actually subtly different than source coding under logarithmic loss. Choosing the best encoder here is minimizing a different objective: in this case (1) the "loss function" simultaneously depends on all $n$ source letters and the encoder word in some complex way. in the source coding problem (2) the loss function is an average of $n$ identical single-letter losses. Your proof shows that the minima of the two problems are the same.
Comment: Put another way: after conditioning on the encoding, the source letters are no longer necessarily independent. This question's objective function keeps track of this non-independence, the source coding problem does not.


Run it more than once

Question: I was told there is etiquette regarding running a hand more than once.  Three times was suggested, so as to give your opponent an opportunity to not lose all his chips/get stacked.  Three times gives him a chance to win 1/3 maybe, instead of lose all his chips.
Please advise.  This is a cash game, 1/2 not limit - buy in $500 max.  lots of good players, and the host is a pro.
He also 'just runs it' - will run the cards out with no more betting - with his dad and his best friend.  He also 'puts in' (schill?) players to fill the table and does not play against them hard.
Comment: I don't really understand exactly what the question is.
Comment: True: what is it that are you asking?
Answer: It's important to realize that running it more than once does not change the odds at all. It will only reduce the variance for you and your opponent. If you want to reduce your variance as much as possible, you could run it as many times as the stub (remaining cards in the deck) would permit. Even more efficient would be to just chop the pot based on your equity at the point, but that takes out all the "fun." In my opinion, running it more than once also removes a lot of the fun.
There is no etiquette regarding how many times to run it. Basically, both players can make their own suggestion. Whatever is the lowest suggested number is the number of boards to deal (because players do not have a right to have more boards than 1). For example, if you want to run it twice and your opponent wants to run it once, then only 1 board should be dealt, because you don't actually have a right to more than 1 board, and your opponent is not obligated to take more than 1 board.
The game host you describe seems very "friendly" and soft. If the rest of the game plays that way, this would suggest that players would be more inclined to run it more than once (since that reduces variance, which is consistent with the other features of a friendly and soft home game). However, you should still make your own decision.
As a side note, I would be concerned about cheating/collusion in the game you describe, with so much soft-playing, and one player backing others in the game (this is usually frowned upon), and perhaps some close relationships. If I sat in a 6 player $500 buy-in game where my 5 opponents all had a piece of each others' action, and were just checking it down against each other, then playing seriously against me and suggesting I run it multiple times when I'm ahead... this is a very shady situation. It's basically 5v1 at that point.
Comment: +1 for using the keyword "variance" ;)
Comment: @nsw: this... It reduces the variance due to all-ins. Note that *"just chop the pot based on your equity"* would require everybody in the deal who folded to reveal their holecards, which some players who folded would probably have issue with.
Answer: I don't think there are set numbers on how often you should run the board. If anything, most people base it the pot equity of the respective hands. A flip is going to get less runs than other hands that are more dominated. In some cases, running it 3 times (as you suggest) may be too many or too few. It just depends on the hands at the given time.

Run it more than once


ArcGIS javascript, convert Graphic to Polygon

Question: I am trying to call GeometryService.autoComplete which has Polygon[] as the first parameter. In my case, I would put the all of the features of my featureLayer. The only property that would seems to work is featureLayer.graphics which contains geometries. But I haven't been able to convert them to Polygon... Is there any way?
Comment: Please describe what you hope to accomplish by calling autoComplete.
Comment: I am tracing a new polygon with the Draw class. Then I want it to be autocompleted if another polygon is underneath. Just like the autocomplete icon in the Editor widget.
Answer: I ended up doing it manually since I haven't found how to do it...
<code>            var polygons = [];
            var i;
            for (i = 0; i < featureLayerSelection.graphics.length; i++) {
                polygons[i] = new Polygon(new SpatialReference(featureLayerSelection.graphics[i].geometry.spatialReference.wkid));
                polygons[i].rings = featureLayerSelection.graphics[i].geometry.rings;
                polygons[i].type = featureLayerSelection.graphics[i].geometry.type;
            }
</code>


How color swatches work?

Question: Can anyone explain to me how color swatches work when changing images? And where it is done?
I want to know where in code it change images.
Answer: Magento uses attributes as swatches. That means that "color" is just the label you have for your swatch, but it could really be anything.
The basic idea is to enable this option under System > Configuration > Catalog > Configurable Swatches.
The next step is to create the configurable product using the attribute set you want. Then, under Images tab, you add new images with the same label used in the attributes page.
Here is a good tutorial with images and more details: https://sherodesigns.com/tutorial-configurable-swatches-in-magento/
About the code, you can find it under app\code\core\Mage\ConfigurableSwatches\Block\Catalog\Layer\State\Swatch.php but it is not recommended to change anything there.
Comment: Well that all depends. Does your theme have swatches already attributed to products? If not you would have to create an attribute for this manually. You can also look for an extension that will do this for you.

How color swatches work?


GeoTIFF over WMTS data source

Question: Could you please recommend some GIS projects with an open source (or free trial) access to the GeoTIFF data over WMTS protocol (image/tiff format in Capabilities.xml)?
Answer: GeoTIFF is a file format while WMTS is an OGC format for data streaming over the web.

The GeoTIFF format was initially developed during the early 1990's (N. Ritter & Ruth, 1997). The objective was to leverage a mature platform independent file format (TIFF) by adding metadata required for describing and using geographic image data. TIFF met the requirements for an underlying format, as it was - and still is (though JPEG compression was added) - lossless and extensible. (...)

vs

The Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) Implementation Standard provides a standard based solution to serve digital maps using predefined image tiles. The service advertises the tiles it has available through a standardized declaration in the ServiceMetadata document common to all OGC web services. This declaration defines the tiles available in each layer (i.e. each type of content), in each graphical representation style, in each format, in each coordinate reference system, at each scale, and over each geographic fragment of the total covered area. The ServiceMetadata document also declares the communication protocols and encodings through which clients can interact with the server. Clients can
interpret the ServiceMetadata document to request specific tiles. (...)

WMTS doesn't use TIFF for broadcasting map tiles, it relies on JPEG or PNG instead:

It is recommended that servers offer Tiles in the image/png and image/jpeg file formats. The image/png image format is good for categorical maps and image/jpeg is better for imagery but since image/jpeg does not support transparency, image/png may be used for images. It is recommended that WMTS Clients support both. Since a GetTile operation can serve only one tile at a time, it is important that clients have the ability to support transparency and also be able to overlap tiles from the same geographical area.

Such service may be available, e.g. for the city of Wien (AT) at: https://maps.wien.gv.at/wmts/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml or check if your local government is providing such services.
But you won't find any GeoTIFF through WMTS, by definition.
Answer: There are Web Services/Cloud Providers that can stream GeoTIFF tiles over WMTS.
For example, Sentinel-Hub https://www.sentinel-hub.com/
It accepts GetTile request URL parameters:
FORMAT The returned image format.
Optional, default: "image/png", other options: "image/jpeg", "image/tiff"
Details: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/develop/api/ogc/standard-parameters/wmts/
Some notes on WMTS:

WMTS is not a format, it is an OGC Standard; it is an interface as defined in the official standard. Web Map Tile Service is a popular interface that can be used for serving georeferenced map tiles over the HTTP.
WMTS does not rely on JPEG or PNG, it is just a recommendation to WMTS servers to support well-known image formats; see item 11.3 of the standard - this does not exclude supporting other image formats.
WMTS does not restrict the set of formats in which tiles can be provided.

See https://www.ogc.org/standards/wmts

GeoTIFF over WMTS data source


How to record IIS 8 client authentication errors in Windows Events?

Question: We have an internal web application hosted on IIS 8 that exposes some REST services through HTTPS. Since it's accessed by other applications, we require client certificates. We are getting some authentication failures due to missing or bad client certificate, but we need them to be recorded as Windows Events so we can use our monitoring infrastructure. How can we properly configure IIS 8, running on Windows Server 2012, to forward client certificate authentication failures errors so they appear on Windows Events? Is there any special server Feature that needs to be installed and running in order for this to work?
Answer: As far as I know there is no built-in way to forward any IIS request related errors to the Windows event log.
Certificate related errors should show up in the http logs with a special sub-code (403.7,403.13,403.16,403.17) so you can write a short PowerShell script to run once an hour, going through all log files and looking for these subcodes. Then for each matching request or an aggregated summary writing an entry to the Windows event log.
Comment: One alternative to running a script would be to use a real-time log file monitoring solution to log contents from a log file (e.g. IIS log) to the event log. We develop EventSentry (http://www.eventsentry.com), and the free edition EventSentry Light does exactly that. You just configure to look for certain text patterns (e.g. 403.7), and when found it logs the entire line of the log file to the event log.


Where to adjust number of returned results on the /admin/people page? I know, don't hack core

Question: I know, you don't need to tell me. Don't Hack Core but I just need to display 1000 user records rows on the /admin/people page temporarily and I'll switch it back. I promise...
Answer: Install the Admininstration Views module; it converts that page to a View, which you can edit and set up with paging of your choice.
Answer: Goto /modules/user/user.admin.inc and search for limit and change the 50 to whatever number you like.


MVC2 JSON input

Question: I have a problem with a simple VS2010 .NET 4.0 MVC2 application.
My controller action looks like this:

public JsonResult GetJson(string query)

I access the action with jQuery like so:

function getJson() {
    var postdata = {};
    postdata['query'] = $('#query').val();
    $.ajax({
        type: "POST",
        url: '<%= Url.Action("GetJson") %>',
        data: JSON.stringify(postdata),
        contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
        dataType: "json",
        success: function (msg) {

The action is executed upon the jQuery XHR request, but no matter what the "query" value is ALWAYS null.  I can view the POST request/response in Firebug, and it shows the proper JSON string being sent to the action.
What could the problem be?  It just seems like MVC is not parsing/deserializing the JSON input at all.
Thanks!
Answer: Please try this as it should work for you:
$.ajax({
    type: "POST",
    url: '<%= Url.Action("GetJson") %>',
    data: {query: $('#query').val()},
    contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
    dataType: "json",
    success: function (msg) {
    }
});

MVC2 JSON input


What are tokens and tokenizations?

Question: I'm a high school senior who is new to data science, and would like to get into natural language processing. I currently know nothing about NLP, and the information online can be overwhelming. What are tokens? What are they used for / why do we need to tokenize text?
Answer: Well, I think it is better to watch a course about it.
But, for instance, when people comment on different products on Amazon, there is a way to understand are their comments positive or negative, therefore their comments are used as data, analyzed and then labeled as positive or negative. Further, using this approach, one can find whether an email is spam or not, etc.
In order to analyze a text, we need to split it into its elements, meaning, its words (usually) each of these elements is called a token.
after splitting the text to words, useless words that do not represent anything, some signs, etc (the, ".", "my",...) are omitted, then we create bags of words, that are the most important words in the whole dataset (all comments), then each word is a column in the table and each row of the table is a comment and has 1 in a column if it contains that specific word. there is also a label column that shows if the comment is positive or not. then having this dataset, we can fit a classification model to the dataset.
Answer:
"Tokens" are usually individual words (at least in languages like English) and "tokenization" is taking a text or set of text and breaking it up into its individual words

This is by far the simplest definition you can get about tokens. Consider a sentence as follows:- "Data is the new oil". Now humans can interpret the same sentence in a number of ways like - "We can call data as the new oil", "Data can also be called as the new oil". Now all these sentences almost mean the same and we as humans understand the sentence by reading the sentence word by word and associate the meaning it creates by putting it together.
As Deep learning is closely associated with replicating human-like methods, tokenization is one such method of simplifying the meaning of individual words and then creating a sense out of the sentence.
Read further about this at Tokenization tutorial

What are tokens and tokenizations?


Create RTF file using MFC

Question: I have a task to create a rtf file in MFC. i.e. to read the data from xml file and parse the rft content and create the rtf file. I parsed the RTF content and created a file file1.rtf using CFile, but the output file doesnt display the content properly. Is there any other way to create the file.
Thanks in advance.
Answer: The simplest way I've found is to use a RichTextBox control (either on a dialog or created dynamically). Use the control's methods to build your content.

Create RTF file using MFC


What if sample size is larger than population size?

Question: I read something about standard error, which tells that sample mean is not accurate estimation because we do not sample full population of size N. But, what if sample size n = N or exceeds N, i.e. n > N? Can standard error can be more accurate than the standard deviation?
Comment: The sample size cannot exceed the population size. And standard error and standard deviation aren't comparable in terms of accuracy.
Comment: If n=N, you've either sampled some points repeatedly, in which case you need to account for that; or you've sampled the entire population, in which case it's (usually, for most purposes) of questionable value to *estimate* a population parameter, considering you can simply *calculate* it.
Comment: @PeterFlom Ok, it seems that I started to understand what `std error measures variations of the means, which does vanishes with larger sample sizes, whereas std dev measures variation of indidividuals, which is a constant for the population` means. So, it could be the answer if you elaborate your second point.
Comment: The standard error of the mean is derivable from the standard deviation and the sample size. So, to the extent that it makes sense to even ask whether one is more "accurate" than the other, the answer must be "they are equally accurate". But since they measure different things, how can one be more accurate than the other?
Answer: Assuming that we are talking about sampling without replacement, if the sample size exceeds the population size, you need to rethink your stipulated "population size".  When $n=N$ in this case you have sampled the entire population (what we call a "census") and so all measurable descriptive quantities relating to the population should be known.  Sensible estimators of such quantities will have zero standard error in this case.


Does breaking gold plating in Phase 1 make Arch Tempered Kulve Taroth leave sooner in Phase 2?

Question: When I do the siege by myself I can break 4 to 5 pieces of plating in pursuit level 6 during phase 1 but Kulve Taroth ends up leaving the area within 1-2 minutes during phase 2 when I do this. I usually end up breaking the plating off of her horns and then chipping them in phase 1 along with the 4-5 pieces of gold plating, should I wait to do this until I break off all of the plating that I need for her to go into her furied state or does it not matter?
Answer: Kulve Taroth will escape unless she's been made to dig twice in area 2, by breaking five pieces of her golden mantle. Her horns' gold plating doesn't make any difference.
Comment: do you know why Kulve Taroth leaves faster in phase 2 when i do break plating in phase 1 rather than when I don't break plating in phase 1?
Comment: Probably because you focus on breaking her horn plating instead of her mantle. If you don't break her mantle enough times to make her dig, she'll leave.


Sizester and Dan - problem?

Question: We've got a new member today 'Dan' who seems to be bent on promoting his own product 'Sizester'. His first question was more of an advert and he's supplied two answers that both promote his product. I've no idea what the correct process is for dealing with this sort of problem though so I've edited out the name for now but the whole thing is probably worth a review.
Comment: Thanks, we'll address it appropriately!
Answer: The site FAQ has a section that's relevant: https://photo.stackexchange.com/faq#promotion
People who are first attracted to the site by the desire to recommend their own product can become helpful and productive community members. They're often experts in the domain of their product, and that's useful to have around.
Responding with a pointer to the FAQ and suggesting an edit is a good start.
If the answer is useful with the product name and links removed, making that edit could be useful, but in many cases that just leaves a meaningless comment. In that case, asking the poster to expand and justify the answer seems reasonable — and downvote until that happens. If it doesn't get a response in a few days, it was probably just a "drive by" by someone with no real interest in participating. In that case, the post should be flagged for deletion.

Sizester and Dan - problem?


What is the "Change Notices Available" information on the airport information page of the Jeppesen chart?

Question: What is the "Change Notices Available" information on the airport information page of the Jeppesen chart? For some, none is specified, and sometimes different numbers such as four and sometimes two are used. What do these mean? I have shared the airport information page of LTAF and LTBU airports below.
Answer: In short, it means there have been some number of changes made since the last publication, and those changes are detailed in change notices.
If you get a copy of the change notice you can find out what changed so that you can answer questions like this one:  What is the change of "Airspace" here? Does it mean the airspace class of the airport has changed?
Comment: So, as far as I understand, what we call change notices actually means a document that explains the changes in newly published charts since the previous charts. So what exactly do these numbers mean? Does it indicate how many pages or chapters the document describing the changes consists of? I don't think it indicates the total number of changes because when I compare the previous and new charts, I usually see that there are 10s of new changes.


In general, how do you index something in database queries? How do you know what to index?

Question: Can anyone direct me to an easy to understand explanation (that doesn't require me to read a 300-page tome) about how to index things and how to identify what to index, what it means to normalize things, etc? Or provide very simple examples?
Comment: If you think 300 pages is a tome, then you are lost. I wrote a [book on that topic](http://sql-performance-explained.com/) and I think it is as short as it can be to **understand** indexing. Still it has about 200 pages. You can read it for free at http://use-the-index-luke.com/
Answer: This is strictly for SQL Server

for every "serious" data table, there must be a well-chosen clustering index. A good clustering index is narrow, unique, static (never changes) and ideally ever-increasing - an INT IDENTITY is as close to perfect as it can be
For any column that is a foreign key, create a nonclustered index. This helps JOINs and other operations and is a generally accepted best practice
Don't OVER-INDEX! - too many indices can be worse than none!
Let your system run for a while, observe how it performs, identify potential performance bottlenecks
if you have identified some performance issues, generate a representative workload (not just a single query; by using server-side tracing) and try to optimize that by using e.g. the Data Tuning Advisor (but don't blindly adopt everything the DTA says!)
Implement one index at a time - observe your system again - did the performance (real or perceived) improve? If so: leave the index - if not: remove it again

Which indexes exactly to use - that's a bit of a black art based on a lot of know-how, experimentation, experience - you really can't give clear, black-or-white kind of ideas here. Try something - observe its benefit (or negative impact) - learn from it. Repeat until your retirement :-)
There's really no 10-page checklist and once you know that, you're done. Either you learn these things yourself, over the years - or you hire someone who has that expertise - your choice. There's no "easy way" to mastering everything about indexing in 5 easy lessons.....
Comment: The problem I have is that I have no idea how to even begin learning any of this. I am not sure what kind of data I should "experiment" with, what to practice with, etc.
Comment: @user3219632: well - do you currently **have** a system with performance issues? It's always best to learn on a real, practical example. Otherwise: read, read, read! Lots of good blogs out there - or if you can, attend a course on SQL performance tuning techniques to learn the basics
Answer: Paul Litwin's Fundamentals of Relational Database Design is worth a read if you're starting from scratch. (22 page tome...) http://sbuweb.tcu.edu/bjones/20263/Access/AC101_FundamentalsDB_Design.pdf
And as he says, database design is more art than science, so examples will only get you so far with improving your own system(s).


I traded XRP for BTC. How do I withdraw my bitcoins from ripple.com?

Question: I traded XRP for BTC. How do I withdraw my bitcoins from ripple.com? I guess I need to withdraw to bitstamp.net somehow?
Comment: See https://ripple.com, https://ripple.com/wiki, and/or https://ripple.com/forum . You probably have BTC via Bitstamp, if so see https://bitstamp.net/account/deposit/ripple
Answer: If you traded on the Bitstamp/BTC exchange, then log into your Bitstamp account (create one if you don't have one), select 'Deposit' and then select 'Ripple'. Follow the instructions.
Answer: Ripple can't hold Bitcoin natively. Instead, you have an IOU from somebody saying that they owe you 3 BTC. Now, you can go to the person who issued that IOU, and ask for those bitcoins in exchange for cancelling the IOU. If you don't like the terms that they give you for the IOU (example: they only deal in amounts larger than 5 BTC), then you can trade that IOU for one from a different gateway.
To figure out what IOU's you hold, look at the trust tab of your client.
Answer: As David Schwartz notice, it can be done via Bitstamp.
Today, Bitstamp require an authentication.

Means:

TO VERIFY YOUR ACCOUNT PLEASE SUBMIT
1.) a valid government issued ID,
  acceptable high quality images of documents are: international
  passport (double page) national ID card (both sides) driver's license
  (both sides)
2.) a proof of residency, acceptable scanned images of paper documents are: bank statement utility bill for utilities consumed at your home
  address tax return, council tax certificate of residency issued by a
  government or a local government authority You can also submit other
  documents to serve as proof of residency such as; government-issued
  documents, judicial authority-issued documents, documents issued by a
  public agency / authority, utility service company, or similar
  regulated service providing companies.

The great news, that you can withdraw bitcoins directly from ripple.com client.
Read this,
https://ripple.com/blog/bitcoin-bridge-lets-ripple-users-make-payments-to-bitcoin-accounts/

If you push "Send XRP" button, it magically convert xrp to btc and send coins to you.


How do I learn linking compiling, makefile quickly? Any book recommendations?

Question: I'm very good at programming in C++ but when it gets to linking and the other important stuffs I feel very ignorant. I want to learn allegro without wasting time. So please suggest a book or a resource to learn the concepts mentioned above. Thanks a lot in advance.
Comment: I recommend you download the [autoconf manual](http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/index.html), print it out, and burn it.
Comment: @Joey Adams: I want to +1 that comment, but I can't tell if you're advocating its use or its abolition. :P
Comment: `autoconf` is good for what its meant to be used for...
Answer: I wouldn't spend time on any book. There's really not much knowledge here.
Use Wikipedia, Google, and unix man to

Understand what make is (file stamp driven dependency aware synthesizer of whatever). Use GNU Make manual as a reference as you go. The important flags of GNU Make to be aware of are '-p', '-n', and '-d'
Read about gcc/g++ flags for compiling/linking shared/static debug/optimized 32/64-bit modes. Read what LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LD_PRELOAD, position independent code, and rpath are.
Learn what nm, c++filt, strings, and ldd are. You will need to use them to debug build problems.

This is more or less it.
Answer: Understand make, and it will be your best friend.
Make is a kind of dataflow system. In a dataflow system you build the application from components, by connecting their input and output ports, where they send messages (data packets, or sometimes only triggers), so they finally form a processing network. See Wikipedia dataflow programming and flow-based programming articles.
In the case of make, the components are the compilation units, the messages are changes of files (source, object, other resource). When a file changes, it triggers a component (a compiling node), then the component, after doing its task, producing outputs, and triggering other components, which are doing same way, until the message chain reaches the final (sink) component, which produces a.out.
Opposite to other dataflow architectures, make does not run continuously. you have to launch it, when you feel that a file has changed, and it will trigger a component. If you run make when there's no changed files, so no component will be triggered, it says a "nothing to do" message and stops.
If there're parallel paths in the dataflow net, make can run components parallel, try make -j option. (It's an interesting effect that the G++ itself does not utilize multiple processors, but it does with the help of make.)
Making a good makefile is not trivial, but if you think of make as a dataflow application builder, it can be a very effective tool.
Answer: You don't have to learn autoconf and make files and all that stuff in order to get started under Linux. You can still use an IDE such as Eclipse, which will generate all the autoconf stuff for you automatically.
Eventually, you probably will want to learn it, but you don't have to if you're just starting out. Eclipse will be able to 90% of the stuff you need via it's GUI and wizards, etc.
For example, this page explains how to get started with Allegro under Eclipse. That page does appear to make some assumptions about your knowledge of Linux, but I'm sure with a bit of googling you should be able to find some more thorough references (that was just the first page I found).
Comment: I thought the OP was reusing the musical term (brisk, fast) in a different context when he said allegro - I didn't know it was a library!
Comment: @Talonx: hehe, I think that's actually where the name of the library comes from, too...
Comment: You're right - http://alleg.sourceforge.net/latestdocs/en/readme.html
Answer: Linkers and Loaders by Levine was very good.  We use this textbook at OSU in our Assembler, Linker, Loader, Compiler Design course.
link here to amazon
Comment: It's up there in the first sentence.
Comment: Thanks for your response. I'll check it out! But all the linux stuff seems very complicated to me; i'm new to the environment. Should I learn linux or stick to IDEs and windows?
Comment: Sorry my browser can't load the page to the book. Can you mention the name?
Comment: @Barry sorry. I missed it!
Comment: Just looking at the description, the book seems to focus on the theory of linking and loading programs. I think the OP is after *practical* advice on how to build and use make files (and the like)... is that not the case?
Comment: I would think the theory is a good place to start before you try to learn the practicalities.
Answer: I want to learn allegro without wasting time.
conflict detected.
if you want to develop a game without wasting time, start with a complete game engine like Quake
[yes, i've used Allegro.]


What do these lyrics mean in "The Nurse Who Loved Me"?

Question: It's pretty obvious that the song The Nurse Who Loved Me by A Perfect Circle is about an institutionalized person who is convinced that his nurse is in love with him. However, there's always been one line that I never understood. In the 2nd verse, Maynard sings:

Say hello to all the apples on the ground.
They were once in your eyes, but you sneezed them out while sleeping.

Is this just the incoherent ramblings of a madman, or is there some meaning to this?
Comment: interesting fact, perhaps relevant to your question: A Perfect Circle covered this song. The song is originally written [by Failure, released on the album Fantastic Planet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantastic_Planet_%28album%29#Influences)
Comment: I can't say I have an answer, but it's possible that the phrase "apple of your eye" is related, but I can't connect the dots to sneezing and sleeping.
Answer: Considering this was written by Failure, they more than likely are the only ones who  know the "true" meaning of the song (unless they talk about it in an "interview" I missed.)
The general story of the song is about a patient in and out of a manic mental state and his delusional fascination in his caring nurse. The music is atmospheric, calm and meditative giving off the feeling of fantasy and imagination. Ultimately, the song is very dark with strong metaphoric value Maynard accomplishes so well.
Within the first verse, the patient fancies the integrate patterns of the rug. "Say hello, to the rugs topography." He assaults the nurse and pushes her face to the floor to visualize how she and the rug look together. "It holds quite a lot of interest with your face down on it."
After doing this, medical staff sedate him and take him away, "Say hello to the shrinking in your head." When the sedative starts taking effect, the patient is fighting against it and is soon unconscious. "You can't see it, but you know it's there so don't neglect it."
The chorus focuses on his misconceived love for the nurse and his love for medicine. "I'm taking her home with me," is his determination to have or take the uniform wearing nurse. "All dressed in white." "She's got everything I need, Pharmacy keys," she has the key to making him feel good (love or medication?)
As nurses are typically kind and friendly at heart, the patient notices these general nurse-like acts of care and kindness as love. He's so wrapped up in his delusional love, he doesn't notice the nurses behavior with other patients. He believes he is receiving special treatment. "She acts just like a nurse with all the other guys."
Within the verse in question, the patient is in a manic imaginary state."Say hello to the apples on the ground" is in reference to the nurses red pool of blood (roughly the size of an apple.) He see's the nurse as an "apple of my eye." She is deceased or unconscious as the red "apple" pools of blood accumulate from her nose onto the rug. "They were once in your eyes, but you sneezed them out while sleeping." The nurse has lost her life including everything she was or had (including the patient,) "Say hello to everything you've left behind." The death of the nurse is beautiful and important as she can no longer reach for it. " It's even more a part of your life now that you can't touch it."
"I'm taking her home with me, all dressed in white" He snaps from his fantasy to see the nurse bringing him love (or medication?) "She's got everything I need"
The multiple vocal layers within the 3rd chorus indicates an alternate reality the patient is experiencing. (Voices in my head.)
The final verse is the very same as the first, "Say hello to the rugs topography." The patient receives medication from the nurse and the love cycle continues.
Comment: "Considering this is Maynard"....this is a cover song, so Maynard is likely guessing like you and me. I never read this song as about an assault at all, in any version. I think of the "apples" as things that he lost, his kids perhaps, due to a heroin addiction that had him nodding out for some years.
Comment: Largely agree with Jasper, but I think "Say hello to the rug's topography" is the patient himself being held down, rather than him holding down the nurse.


Do Noahide mitzvot apply in outer space

Question: From previous questions and answers  I've seen on this site, there are some (albeit a minority) of halachic opinions that mitzvot don't apply off of earth and so Jews can't leave earth to remove their halachic obligation. My question is, does the same apply to Noahide commandments, or is this opinion only relevant to Jews? Is it different principles at play?
Comment: "such a view is expressed by for example Moshe Sternbuch." - where if I may ask?
Comment: Not quite an answer, but with regard to regular mitzvos, refer to [here, sv. אחרי עיון של רפרוף במקורות](https://www.kby.org/english/kiddush-hachodesh/?id=330)
Comment: https://www.sefaria.org/sheets/494435.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en - why would this be different for Noahide laws?
Comment: There is no such view from R' Moshe Sternbuch. I think you are misreading an answer quoting Teshuvos veHanhagos (5:84) where he discusses Shabbos in outer-space, where he says that *time bound* mitzvos don't apply. He is absolutely clear that other prohibitions and obligations do apply.
Comment: תשובות והנהגות (ח"ה סי' פ"ד): "ונראה שקבלנו את התורה עם הזמנים כפי שהם בעולמנו, ומי שיצא חוץ לעולם זה הפקיע עצמו ממצוות התלויות בזמן כמו שבת ורגלים או יום ולילה בקריאת שמע ותפילה"
Answer: You're misunderstanding the idea you are presenting.
It's true that there is an opinion that certain mitzvot do not apply to space. This is only true for a specific set of mitzvot which are tied to the day/night cycle. It isn't applicable to all Jewish law but only Jewish law which use time as a manner of determining when we perform certain mitzvot.
Even then, the opinion further states that a Jew should perform these mitzvot anyway as to not lose connection to them.
Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Halperin, Im Esak Shamayim, p. 41
Therefore, everywhere on the globe – where the Creator set and imprinted the order of creation based on the paths of the Earth, sun, and moon – all of Torah's time-bound mitzvot are applicable… That is not true in space, where the laws of creation and the order of time are totally different, and are not bound at all by the system of day and night – and the time that flows from it – based on the path of the earth, sun, moon, and the relations between all of them.
...It therefore seems obvious that with regards to space…essentially, the mitzvot, laws, and obligations dependent on day and night, the week, month, and year are not applicable. For these mitzvot are only applicable to one living in a place that is following the laws of creation and the order of time on the globe – not to someone living with a totally different time system.
Nevertheless, it is very logical that on a rabbinic level, a person is obligated to fulfill these mitzvot, so that he should not lose consciousness of these mitzvot.
To answer your question:
A Noahide would still be obligated to follow all categories of law which are not time dependent. Just as a Jew would be required to follow all categories of law which are not time dependent.

Do not profane God's oneness
Do not curse God
Do not murder
Do not eat flesh of a living animal
Do not steal
Do not participate in inappropriate sexual relations
Establish courts

These categories of law are not dependent on time. If we are using the original opinion I cited as the guidepost for the logic Noahide might use for determining what is acceptable, a Noahide would be required to continue observing these laws. They are not time dependent.
Comment: @Kirk this is based on the sheet I commented. You said it wasn't applicable to your case, since it referred not to Noahide laws.
Answer: Spinoza writes that halacha (Jewish law) does not apply to Jews anymore since the destruction of the state of Israel by the Romans in 70 CE. Spinoza explains:

"That the Jews themselves were not bound to practice their ceremonial
observances after the destruction of their kingdom is evident from
Jeremiah… They were no more bound by the law of Moses, after the
destruction of their kingdom, than they had been before it had been
begun… From all these considerations it is clearer than day that
ceremonies have nothing to do with a state of blessedness, and that
those mentioned in the Old Testament, i.e. the whole Mosaic Law, had
reference merely to the government of the Jews, and merely temporal
advantages."

Spinoza held that Jews are not obligated to observe Torah laws outside the state of Israel.
It may surprize many that Nachmanides held the same view as Spinoza. He wrote the Torah laws only applied when Jews were in Israel and the obligation outside of Israel is only rabbinic.
If Jewish law does not apply to Jews outside the land of Israel, then it does not apply in outer space. If halacha does not apply to Jews in space, the Noahide laws, equally do not apply to non-Jews in space, as they were developed by the rabbis and are thereby rabbinic in nature.
However, it is better to observe Torah laws and the Noahide laws anywhere whether on earth or in space and the observance of them will help improve ourselves and society. The Ramban and Spinoza were wrong.
Comment: Sources for the ramban please. Regardless I've never heard this idea in Orthodox Judaism the Torah doesn't apply outside of Israel
Comment: This is just wrong. Spinoza is not a good source for an Orthodox Jewish website. The Ramban said no such thing.
Comment: @TurkHill Not a surprise, but disagreement. In all these Rambans, he is saying that we are obligated. He is only giving a novel explanation as to why. And of course, the Ramban lived almost his whole life outside Israel and kept the Torah and led his part of Jewry in doing it. - I don't see how you can take, "We are only obligated because ___", and turn it into, "We are not obligated." Those are pretty much opposites.
Comment: @MichoelR The Ramban said such a thing. That is why I said it will come as a surprise for you to hear this.
Comment: @MichoelR He wrote, "There is in this matter a secret relating to that which the rabbis have said (in the above quoted talmudic statement): 'He who dwells outside of the land of Israel is like one who has no God.'"
Comment: @MichoelR Nachmanides said all the Torah commandments are only obligated if we are dwelling in Israel. Outside of the land, Jews observe the laws only so that they will not be "new to us" when we return to the land of Israel.
Comment: @Kirk See Nachmanides' commentary to Leviticus 18:25, Deuteronomy 11:18 and Sermon on the Words of Kohelet.

Do Noahide mitzvot apply in outer space


Is there a way to globally intercept events when jquery is used?

Question: I have a site which has jquery included in the header. the application makes heavy use of jquery. now, that site uses ajax and shows up different message boxes when the user does something (it's a third party product used). I want to modify these boxes, but I need a piece of code to take action as soon as the DOM gets manipulated by ajax or jquery, or as soon as jquery receives any message with ajax, and then I must intercept that message, manipulate it and pass it on. I have no clue about jquery, but I do have about javascript. Does jquery offer something for this situation?
Answer: If you have control of the JavaScript you can just figure out where the popup boxes are in the code and replace them with what you need.
Comment: the problem is, that i don't know where those DOM modifications happen. I only see that boxes appear with stuff that has to be replaced.
Answer: You can add a global AJAX handler for various AJAX events.  You might want to see if the ajaxSuccess handler allows you to do what you want.
Answer: tvanfosson is correct, but i can elaborate further.  There are 6 universal Ajax events that are triggered with ANY ajax call through jQuery.  They are very cool, and you can make a universal include script that will handle all event on all pages the same way.
Complete List - Look under "Ajax Events"
The big ones are:
AjaxStart - Triggered anytime any ajax call is made. Good for showing an animated gif in a floating dialog to show processing is happening.
AjaxStop - Triggered when all ajax calls have stopped.  Good for hiding said animated processing gif
AjaxError - triggered anytime an ajax error occurs.  Hint: Display the message in a floating dialog
AjaxSuccess - not really recommended as a universal event.  Specify unique events for each actual ajax instead.
Hopes this helps!