Do artifacts have a value?

Question: Ashcan Pete is allowed to gain assets.  Do artifacts, and unique assets for that matter, have values like normal assets?  He can only gain less than his observation skill, so it can be useful to know.  No rule book seems to have the answer.
Comment: Hi @Jamie this is the third question you've asked, but you've yet to accept an answer for the previous two questions. You should know that being willing to accept answers will give incentive for others to make the effort to answer your questions. Please become an active member and accept answers you deem correct.
Comment: Oh, right.  Sorry.  This site is less user-friendly than others, so I only use it if I have to.  I forgot that was necessary here.  Done.
Comment: Thanks for coming back and doing that, you've asked some interesting questions which I've enjoyed answering!
Answer: I also was unable to find a definitive answer in the rule books, reference guide and FAQ. So let's look at it thematically.
Look first at Pete's character card.

After you perform an Acquire Assets action, you may gain 1 Item or Trinket Asset with value less than your Observation from the discard pile.

So after looking at the shops, you can scrounge around the garbage for anything that has been discarded but might be useful for you. Notice that it says "the discard pile", as you discard into specific card type piles, it seems appropriate to limit this to the common assets discard pile.
If we were to ignore that, and deem it appropriate to delve through the unique item discard pile or artifact discard pile, what value do we assign to those items and trinkets? Well those items are priceless, not able to be purchased by anyone through normal means.
Instead blood, sweat and tears (and probably sanity) must be spent to bring these items into your possession. It would be reasonable to say they have a value greater than any mere common item, and would always exceed Pete's observation skill.
This also fits into the general concept for the game of "if you're uncertain about the rules, choose the interpretation that makes it more difficult for the players". You're fighting against unmentionable evils, ancient things, and it shouldn't be as easy as picking up an artifact of immeasurable power from the trash heap.
Summary: Pete's skill is limited to the related discard pile, not the others. Ignoring that, unique items and artifacts are of unknown wealth and can not be purchased, so have no known value, but it should be assumed they are all valued well above Pete's observation skill.
Comment: There is no need to guess the rule from the theme. "Assets" are only the cards from the Asset deck, not from the Unique Asset deck, not from the Artifact deck. These three concepts are distinct and separate. The one thing they have in common is that they are all "possessions", along with clues, spells, and resources.
Answer: Artifacts and Unique Assets don't have values.
But this doesn't matter in your case as Pete's skill only allows him to gain Assets from the discard pile and Artifacts aren't Assets.
As for Unique Assets those count as Assets but they can only be gained when an effect specifically calls for a Unique Asset and Pete's ability doesn't do this. Besides, Unique Assets don't have a discard pile.

Do artifacts have a value?


3TB NTFS Volume Allocation Unit Size

Question: Getting ready to deploy a 3TB to be used as shared backup and file storage for Windows 7/10 and Linux. I know I need to set it to GPT partition table, but what I'd the best cluster/allocation unit size? 4k is default but I know 1k and 2k would support this size volume... Is there any reason not to use a smaller allocation unit size to make more efficient use of disk space with smaller files or is better to stick the default 4k size for some reason?
Answer: @acejavelin!
It really depends on the files you plan to store on that 3 TB HDD. However, it's highly recommended to use the default 4K for any NTFS hard drive that is smaller than 16 TB.
Just like @whs mentioned, smaller allocation unit size would make sense only if you're keeping small doc files (for example) This way a very small portion of the HDD space will be wasted.
If you plan to back up massive data like HD videos, photos, movies, etc., then even bigger than the 4K default AUS would be better.
I'd suggest you to read through this article about the Allocation Unit Size Differences
Good luck. Hope this helps. :)
Answer: 4K was chosen because of the page size. Whether smaller sizes will be more efficient will depend on the data you store. If you have a lot of little files, a smaller size may make sense. If you have few very large files, it does not matter.
Comment: Is there any compatibility or performance issues using a smaller allocation unit size?
Comment: It may be (depending on your hard drive model) that your hard drive uses 4k sectors, not 512 byte ones. Then you don't want to go below 4K, because it has an enormous negative performance impact.
Bigger sectors speed up copying of big files, but then even a 20 byte text file will need a sector, so 32K

3TB NTFS Volume Allocation Unit Size


How to access secondary travis logs

Question: I know the primary travis build logs are available on the web and with the logs command in the travis command line client, but I was wondering if there is a way to access other files generated as part of the build process, such as the file /home/travis/.rvm/log/1391454748_rbx-2.2.4/rubygems.install.log referenced in https://travis-ci.org/rspec/rspec-its/jobs/18148204
Answer: Those files are lost once the build is finished. If you want to read them, you should add a cat command to print out to the log you see.
before_script: cat /home/travis/.rvm/log/*_rbx-2.2.4/rubygems.install.log

If the install command is failing, then you should override install to install the gem for which the installation is failing:
install: gem install XXX || cat /home/travis/.rvm/log/*_rbx-2.2.4/rubygems.install.log

Comment: Thank you for not only answering the question about the other logs, but offering a suggestion for how to deal with the specifics of the build failure!
Answer: banzaiman's answer is good (it helped me!).  But if you use:
install: gem install XXX || cat /home/travis/.rvm/log/*_rbx-2.2.4/rubygems.install.log

then the cat command will likely succeed, and so the line above will count as as success, and the build will continue.  If you want the build to fail when the install fails, then you need to make sure the line has a non-zero exit status.  So do something like this:
install: gem install XXX || { cat /home/travis/.rvm/log/*_rbx-2.2.4/rubygems.install.log && 1; }

The expression in curly braces will be run only if the gem install XXX fails (i.e., has a non-zero exit status).  cat will presumably succeed, so the command after the && will be run.  That 1 ensures a non-zero exit status for the whole line, causing the build to stop at that point.
Note the necessary whitespace around the curly braces.

How to access secondary travis logs


Are there good books/references that list things that might have been politically dangerous to do during medieval times?

Question: Are there good books/references that list things that might have been politically dangerous to do? I see webpages about tropes and they're helpful for quickly finding out what kind of plot elements to put, but I don't see any reference that's as helpful for that when I am looking for specific political intrigues or political actions that basically drive the plot. I am wondering if there's a way to get a lot of them or most of them quickly without going through hundreds of books. Is there any research techniques, reference books or other things that might help me during the research phase?
Comment: Reminder to all, please do not answer in comments.
Comment: I think you need to narrow your scope to a location. Even Europe would have massive differences as to where you are. There are Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim and Pagan dominated regions as well as kingdoms, city-states and republics. The rules in Venice would be very different than in Riga than in Granada.
Answer: The medieval period (in Europe, at least), was pretty much dominated by the church. Not completely, but they had a lot of political power.
So perhaps a list of what the church considered taboo or forbidden political practices, as well as what they did will help you!
I can't actually find anything about that, since it's too vague for google, but I think it's a good lead you can trace.
Also, the Donation of Constantine is an interesting piece of forged documentary that you may find inspiration from.
Here's a link that discusses a separation of powers, I.e. how the judicial, ruling and another power is separated. This was different in the Middle Ages. The Netherlands got this fairly early, and the book Homo Deus (or Sapiens, I forgot) has a small section discussing how the difference between policies of Spain and the Netherlands have influenced the economy.
Research relationships between monarchs and aristocrats, the feudal system, as well as military coups. The last one tends to tell a lot about weak points in their system, which you can use.
The divine right of kings is another interesting concept that has heavily influenced political history for longer than you might've thought. Regicide was considered evil in some cases too, so there's a taboo.
Also, the Mandate of Heaven is just the Chinese version of the above, with some variation.
I'm afraid I can't tell you more than that, since I'm not a historian (though I do like learning about it a lot), so if anyone thinks what I'm saying is wrong or needs more clarification, please comment.
Good luck!
Answer: I want to share some context for medieval times that might be helpful. I've been reading up on medieval history in the Arab world for a while, so I'll try to cite books/events.
Often in political intrigue there's the actual reason someone important wants you dead vs. the official reason. The official reason sounds like what you're researching, just keep in mind that these official offenses could not be enforced all the time, and if they were there might be another motive.
High motive incidents that come to mind:

treason. Kings will go to extreme lengths to track down rival claims to the throne and eliminate them, sending assassins to far off lands etc. Women could get caught up in this if their children were potential heirs
Behind the scenes influence at court. There was a lot of competition to be liked by the king, to remain relevant, or to influence the king's policy. There might be advisors or people with official jobs who got to control access to the king, or could make someone look bad and get them kicked out of the palace or punished. Courts were a place of great access to wealth, as the king would give presents to people he liked or prestigious political appointments.
You just broke a newly established but unpopular rule and are made an example of. Caliph al Hakim of Egypt banned molokia, a popular sauce! People were actually paraded through the streets for getting caught selling this sauce, but I'm sure there were others who just didn't get caught.

Kings could technically execute anyone they pleased. Same with governors or more petty authorities, since empires and kingdoms did not have consistent control over their domain. There were official reasons like accusing someone of treason or heresy, but also petty ones that may or may not be covered up. Everyone was aware of this arbitrary power. In a 10thC Arab sailor's tale, a traveler worries his companion will get himself killed if he falls in love with a woman who's a mistress to the Caliph or someone from his court. Caliph Harun al Rashid suddenly executed a beloved and highly competent vizier (and his sons) for no known reason. Maybe he was tipped off to a plot, maybe he was just jealous. To this day no one knows, but at the time speculation was he did it for personal reasons (see note below).
In medieval times the state could not track down everybody who broke the law. A king would have very tight control over his court, maybe even the city around him, but vast parts of his kingdom were inconsistently governed. Most bandits went unpunished, peasants who didn't want to pay taxes or go to war fled to the hills, and someone with a criminal past could escape to a new place and start over. To compensate for the limited reach of their power, medieval authorities would do spectacular public executions when they did catch somebody. Foucault's introduction to Discipline and Punish talks about this. If the intrigue is related to succession on the throne, the violence might happen very secretly. Especially if the victim is a member of the royal family or otherwise high status. A king wouldn't want to broadcast his vulnerability.
My advice would be to read widely online first to narrow down your century or location based on what elements interest you. Maybe look into coups or bizarre rules, or charismatic kings or courtly life settings. Then you can find which rules would apply. It took me a while to narrow down to my time period too!
SOURCES:
Wikipedia: Jafar Barmakid (the executed vizier) and Harun al Rashid. One bizarre rumor said the Caliph wanted to socialize with his sister and his vizier at the same time, but it was improper for a woman to be in an intimate setting with a man outside her family. So Harun ordered his vizier to marry his sister to get around the rule, but swear never to consummate the marriage. When the vizier did anyway, he was executed.
The Wonders of India by Buzurg Ibn Shahriyar (primary source, sailors tales)
When Baghdad Ruled the World has a lot of court intrigue. Try looking up rulers who interest you and see what court life was like around them. Wikipedia often has great detail.
Discipline and Punish by Michel Foucault. The book is really tough reading but it's well known and easy to find discussion about it online


IP address of WSFC

Question: Kindly asking you to help me to figure out how can I find virtual IP address of my Windows Server Failover Cluster. Search on the net doesn`t give any useful information. I need this IP in order to be to create cluster and enable Always On for my SQL Server 2016. Thank you
Comment: You don't need to know the cluster management ip in order to enable AlwaysOn. You'll need the individual nodes names which can be returned from `get-clusternode` in powershell given you know the cluster name.
Answer: In FailOverClusterManager, click cluster and find its properties.
This video shows how: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=so_l_OpF1n4
It is left part of application where is the cluster list and the properties is on right side, when you click the cluster.
This is how you find the manager:

Server roles and features are managed by using Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-ins. To open the failover cluster snap-in, click Start, click Administrative Tools, and then click Failover Cluster Manager.

(more info: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770737(v=ws.11).aspx)

IP address of WSFC


Additional mask files

Question: I used the tool "Extract by Mask" to clip a raster. It resulted in 5 tif images: mask, maskc1, maskc2, maskc3, and maskc4. What are the maskc1-4 files? They're large and I'd like to delete them if they won't effect my normal mask tif. I'm trying to preview them in ArcCatalog but it's taking forever to build pyramids.
Answer: If anyone is ever wondering the same thing, I deleted them and there were no issues.

Additional mask files


how insert style code between php code

Question: i am using wordpress subscribe to comment & i want a hr line after '$message .= __("Comment:\n", 'subscribe-to-comments') . $comment->comment_content . "\n\n";'
if you have some idea please tell me how to style output ? i am new to php
if ( $comment->comment_approved == '1' && $comment->comment_type == '' ) {
        // Comment has been approved and isn't a trackback or a pingback, so we should send out notifications

        $message  = sprintf(__("There is a new comment on the post \"%s\"", 'subscribe-to-comments') . ". \n%s\n\n", $post->post_title, get_permalink($comment->comment_post_ID));
        $message .= sprintf(__("Author: %s\n", 'subscribe-to-comments'), $comment->comment_author);
        $message .= __("Comment:\n", 'subscribe-to-comments') . $comment->comment_content . "\n\n";
        $message .= __("See all comments on this post here:\n", 'subscribe-to-comments');
        $message .= get_permalink($comment->comment_post_ID) . "#comments\n\n";
        //add link to manage comment notifications
        $message .= __("To manage your subscriptions or to block all notifications from this site, click the link below:\n", 'subscribe-to-comments');
        $message .= get_settings('home') . '/?wp-subscription-manager=1&email=[email]&key=[key]';

        $subject = sprintf(__('New Comment On: %s', 'subscribe-to-comments'), $post->post_title);
}

Answer: Simply add $message .= '
';

how insert style code between php code


Google Map Version in SAS Planet

Question: I would like to find out how to access google satellite map version to update on SAS planet.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqpu792C1ic
Answer: Open Google Maps in your browser.  Open the element inspector (F12 in Chrome, Firefox and Edge).  Search for khms0.google.com/kh/v in the html (ctrl + F). Note the number in the html after the search string (at the time of writing it is u003d845).  The number you want is after the 'u003d' part (i.e. 845 in this case).
Or you can just go to the nightly builds page and have a look there.  It is listed clearly!
Comment: I have been trying for a year if not years first solution suggested, but it works on one computer and not the rest. Not too sure why. The last solution is easy, thank you so much.

Google Map Version in SAS Planet


How to find AD user Login details

Question: I have active directory configured in windows server 2012 r2. I want to collect logs of a particular user or Multiple users. The logs must show the login time, logout time, system operating system, IP address etc of last 10 days or more.  How can I do it?
Comment: What have you tried? Have you done an Internet search for ideas? Please edit these answers into your question.
Answer: There's some good scripts in the Script Centre for this type of stuff. This one may suit your needs: http://community.spiceworks.com/scripts/show/89-track-login-and-logout-vbs
How to Audit Successful Logon/Logoff and Failed Logons in Active Directory
https://www.lepide.com/blog/audit-successful-logon-logoff-and-failed-logons-in-activedirectory/
If you just want the last login for each user then use:
@echo off
for /f "tokens=2 delims=:" %%a in ('ipconfig ^|find "IP Address"') do call :process %%a & goto :next
:next
echo You are on subnet %subnet% with address %ipaddress%
echo %date%,%time%,%computername%,%username%,%ipaddress% >\server\share$\lastuser\%computername%.txt
exit /b
:process
  for /f "tokens=1-4 delims=." %%a in ("%1") do (set subnet=%%a.%%b.%%c)&(set host=%%d)&(set network=%%c)
  set ipaddress=%subnet%.%host%
exit /b
Then add a shortcut on your desktop or whatever to a batch file as:
type \server\share$\lastuser*.txt > "%temp%\allcomputers.csv"
start excel "%temp%\allcomputers.csv"
http://www.rlmueller.net/Logon5.htm

How to find AD user Login details


Steam Refund Policy

Question: I bought a game called War Game: Red Dragon, and I didn't really like it and I played for 30 minutes. I had to get a haircut and I was getting rushed out of my house so I didn't have time to exit the game. I was thinking and decided to get a refund so when I got back to my house, and I checked my time it said 4 hours(My barber doesn't have appointments and there were 4 people in the shop.) So I remembered that they said that they judge things on a case by case situation and I explained my situation to steam and tried to get a refund and they said I couldn't get a refund. So is it a bot that judges or is it a real person.
Comment: Without looking, if it is a case-by-case basis, I don't think a bot would be used.
Comment: Does this answer your question? [Is there any way to get a refund for a game bought from Steam?](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/839/is-there-any-way-to-get-a-refund-for-a-game-bought-from-steam)
Comment: @arghtype I do not believe that is a duplicate. That question is asking if a refund is possible, which the OP states they know how to do. This question is asking how the refund requests are reviewed, or something along those times
Comment: @arghtype But it's generally not good practice to judge questions by their answers (see also [here](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/a/11965/222022)).
Comment: @arghtype [This](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/951) is a more extended discussion on the matter.
Comment: @Wondercricket existing answers there cover refund rules as well
Comment: @Joachim "generally" means not-accepted answer with 3 upvotes, huh?
Comment: Sorry didn't know someone had already asked this question.
Answer: Given that these refunds do not automatically get released at the point you apply for a refund we can assume there what is most likely happening is a mix of a bot and human interaction.
The steam refund policy states:

Where Refunds Apply
The Steam refund offer, within two weeks of
purchase and with less than two hours of playtime, applies to games
and software applications on the Steam store. Here is an overview of
how refunds work with other types of purchases.

What we can expect here is that this is picked up and looked at by a bot to make sure that once someone applied for a refund that you meet the 2 hour game time and less than 2 weeks old. Given the handling of refunds and money, that'll be passed over to a finance department to give final approval to release the funds.
In your situation I don't see why Steam would give you a refund, the ingame time will be over the 2 hour period and regardless of if you did something or not this isn't something steam will actually track so for argument's sake it won't be a factor in their decision. I'd suggest just taking this as a life lesson and next time you need to rush out alt+f4 or power the machine down.
Comment: Just my two cents: Quoting the same article, it says "*even if you fall outside of the refund rules we've described, you can ask for a refund anyway and we'll take a look*".  This is the portion the OP reference by handling it case-by-case. Regarding your last paragraph, since there is a mixture of bots and humans reviewing these requests, it may also depend on the individual who reviews them on whether or not they'll continue with the refund
Comment: @Wondercricket I agree, it is all dependant but OP was hinting to the idea that because nothing was done during their active time it shouldn't count, in reality, this isn't something steam could ever track and likely wouldn't be taken into consideration.
Answer: It's most likely a bot that does it initially. My reasoning is that the Steam return policy of "Played less than 2 hours, owned less than 2 weeks", can easily be done by a bot and people are probably returning hundreds or thousands of games a day. However, it is possible to contest a refund decision at https://help.steampowered.com. You can try that, but I wouldn't be holding my breath.
Source: https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=4873-QOSK-5126
Occasionally, Steam will relax their usual "2 hours, 2 weeks" return policy for specific purchases. Some of them include:

Refunding a bundle of games. (This typically extends the amount of time you can play on one game before Steam refuses your return). I had this experience when I bought a bundle containing 3 games, played one of them for 3 hours, and then was able to return the bundle without any problems.
The game has widespread problems and/or backlash. An example of this is the initial release of "No Man's Sky".

Steam Refund Policy


Power-Automate Flow query lookup threshold issue SharePoint

Question: I have read the other inputs about lookup column threshold to a SharePoint list from Power automate. I have created a very limited view of my list and can get the item without any threshold limit. Now I want to update a column in the list further down in the Flow, but here I get stucked again with the lookup threshold as reason. Can anyone tell me, what I'm missing, or isn't it possible to do any updates in a list with to many lookup columns regardless of how the view is?
Answer:
With Microsoft power automate when try to retrieve items from a SharePoint list which as more than 12 looks column you will receive 'lookup column threshold' error

In Microsoft Sharepoint following column types are defined as lookup columns:
a. Standard lookup columns
b. Managed metadata columns
c. People and groups Columns
d. Workflow Status columns
e. System generated fields
f. Created by and Modified by
g. Name (linked to Document)
i. Link (Edit to edit item)
j. Name (linked to Document with edit menu)
k. Type (icon linked to document)
Comment: Would this answer be helpful to you? Feel free to reply :)
Answer: Out of the box Update will not work in your case, use 'Send http request to SharePoint' step and use rest API to update the column


Calculating an angle relative to a reference line

Question: PLEASE SEE PICTURE -angle relative to baselinewe've been struggling with this for a while. Assuming we have distance between our measurement point P0 and P3-P4 and as also between P0 and our reference line P1-p2. Can we calculate the angle of p3-p4 relative to p1-p2? Once we figure this out, we'll see our to program it for IOS. Thanks for anyone who can point me in the right direction. [PLEASE SEE PICTURE relative angle measurement][2]
Comment: Probably more a question for math.stackexchange.com?
Comment: And I don't think you can calculate the angle between two lines, if all you know is the distance of the lines to a point (maybe I'm just confused by your notation, though).
Comment: Please specify what distances exactly you know. If distances  from point P0 to lines (length of perpendicular from point to line), then it is impossible to find angle (imagine that P3P4 rotates about P0)
Answer: If P0 is a known point and P1-P2 and P3-P4 are defined lines in a 2D coordinate system (ie P0 to each line a defined vector)  then you can certainly calculate the angle between the two lines.   However if all you know is distance from P0 to each line as a function of a point on either line then you cannot calculate the angle distance alone will not give you what you need without some point of reference.
Comment: Thank you Rob! I appreciate you take the time to help me figure this out. Actually I was wondering if with a laser measurement tool or other type of sensor if I could measure the distance to the different points from P0 and then use some formula to derive the angle relative to the reference line.
Comment: I'm sorry but that is impossible as you have described.  Distance is a scalar quantity and although you may have a continuous distance measurement you can not determine direction from this.  A simple model would be two different yet symmetrical lines (with respect to a line passing through P0) would provide identical distance measurements but obviously have different relative angles with respect to another line.  You simply need a way to define distance as a vector and your problem then becomes trivial.  I hope this answers your question.
Comment: Also keep in mind that my answer is a general truth of mathematics based on how your question is worded.  If there are geometric constraints that can be included in your diagram, that can allow us to assume known geometric relationships then we may have something to work with.


Can I save a file directly as an email attachment?

Question: I often work on a file (e.g. an Excel sheet) and, when finished, want to mail it to someone. I find it a bit cumbersome to save it to the desktop and then attach it to a mailing (my desktop is a bit cluttered, I have to scroll through a lot of stuff before I find it in the selector), and I was wondering whether there isn't a way to save it into the attachment slot of a mail document directly?
Comment: Start here: [Mail from Excel with Outlook (Windows)](https://www.rondebruin.nl/win/s1/outlook/mail.htm)
Answer: For Excel 2010 this can be done the following way:
In the Excel menu go to "File" -> "Share". There you'll find the option to send the file as an email attachment.
I myself use a specific folder where I save all file I want to send out. It's on the very top of the root directory so it's easy to access through the Save-dialogue as well as the attachment dialogue of my email application.


"SELECT...AS..." with related model data in Django

Question: I have an application where users select their own display columns. Each display column has a specified formula. To compute that formula, I need to join few related columns (one-to-one relationship) and compute the value.
The models are like (this is just an example model, actual has more than 100 fields):
class CompanyCode(models.Model):
    """Various Company Codes"""

    nse_code = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    bse_code = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    isin_code = models.CharField(max_length=20)

class Quarter(models.Model):
    """Company Quarterly Result Figures"""

    company_code = models.OneToOneField(CompanyCode)
    sales_now = models.IntegerField()
    sales_previous = models.IntegerField()

I tried doing:
ratios = {'growth':'quarter__sales_now / quarter__sales_previous'}
CompanyCode.objects.extra(select=ratios)
# raises "Unknown column 'quarter__sales_now' in 'field list'"

I also tried using raw query:
query = ','.join(['round((%s),2) AS %s' % (formula, ratio_name)
    for ratio_name, formula in ratios.iteritems()])
companies = CompanyCode.objects.raw("""
    SELECT `backend_companycode`.`id`, %s
    FROM  `backend_companycode`
    INNER JOIN  `backend_quarter` ON (  `backend_companycode`.`id` =  `backend_companyquarter`.`company_code_id` )
    """, [query])
#This just gives empty result

So please give me a little clue as to how I can use related columns preferably using 'extra' command. Thanks.
Answer: By now the Django documentation says that one should use extra as a last resort.
So here is a query without extra():
from django.db.models import F

CompanyCode.objects.annotate(
    growth=F('quarter__sales_now') / F('quarter__sales_previous'),
)

Comment: Note this might not work with django 1.7. For more information: https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/14030
Answer: Since the calculation is being done on a single Quarter instance, where's the need to do it in the SELECT? You could just define a ratio method/property on the Quarter model:
@property
def quarter(self):
    return self.sales_now / self.sales_previous

and call it where necessary
Comment: Sorry, but the above is just an example. There are more than 100 different ratios and 100 different fields.
Answer: Ok, I found it out. In above using:
CompanyCode.objects.select_related('quarter').extra(select=ratios)

solved the problem.
Basically, to access any related model data through 'extra', we just need to ensure that that model is joined in our query. Using select_related, the query automatically joins the mentioned models.
Thanks :).


In a book about myself, can I name real places like the school I went to?

Question: I am going to write a book about myself. I will be working on this for awhile and it most likely will not be published physically. But I want to say the name of my middle school/high school. I want to know if I can do that. I actually went so I think it is but I would like a professional opinion first.
Comment: So long as it doesn't involve libel, and you don't mention names of actual people without getting their permission, I can see no reason why it wouldn't be acceptable. There's no problem with mentioning the names of actual places or landmarks, so the name of a school should be no different. But it's always best to consult an actual lawyer. Asking for the advice of random strangers on the internet isn't the best idea if you want to avoid being sued. Even if one of the random stranger is actually the right kind of lawyer, you wouldn't know that from a simple answer here.
Comment: The only reason you might not name your school would be for fear of being sued for some form of libel.

If you're entirely sure everything you want to publish is wholly true, why worry?

What could "it most likely will not be published physically" mean, please? It will be published, or it will not… if you're hoping there are legal differences between what you could publish on paper or on line, forget it. On the level of this Question, there isn't a halfpenny-worth of difference.

If you have the slightest doubt, use a fictitious name instead of the real one…
Comment: writing memoirs and avoiding being sued... apparently memoirs are a special category. [This website gives some explanations for the US](https://self-publishingschool.com/memoirs-avoid-being-sued/)
Answer: The problem is not naming the school, the problem is what you SAY about the school, school employees, and other students without proof.
They could sue you. Even if you are oblique; "In 2012, the principal made me strip naked in his office, and groped me."
Well, you may not have named him, but who was principal in 2012 is a matter of record.
Making claims or accusations of law breaking or even just immorality that you cannot prove with anything but your own say-so is grounds for a lawsuit.
Comment: @HighPerformanceMark Ha! Thanks. Corrected. Twice!
Answer: I would have thought that an autobiographical work didn't lend itself to this manner of editorialization, but I'd agree with Jason Bassford and run it past a lawyer to be sure. Chances are however, that you will need some manner of content for the lawyer to consider. If this is a work in progress, then you may be able to put these worries aside for awhile.


How do I dock a wing?

Question: In X3AP, it doesn't seem possible to order a wing to dock. The ships will just orbit the chosen station but not dock. Is there a way to dock a wing without dismantling the wing first.
Comment: Does the station the wing is docking at have enough small fighter ports?  Only certain stations can dock unlimited fighters (most trade stations, etc)
Answer: If you order a wing to dock at a station, it will attempt to do so unless there are not enough docking slots available for all ships in your wing.  This is usually only an issue on smaller stations that only have external docking ports or if your wing consists of ships other than fighters.
If you order a wing of fighters to dock at a station (such as a trade port) or a carrier with enough hangar capacity that has a hangar bay, then the entire wing should be able to dock with no problems.
Comment: I attempted to dock a wing of 4 fighters at Terracorp HQ, which should be fine in that case (although there are a dozen or so ships already docked there-- I will try to dock them at another station and report back.
Comment: @Jack If can still see the ship after they dock, then its an external docking port (I believe Terracorp only has external ports).  If you see fighters enter a hangar type structure and disappear after docking, then that means the station has an internal port and can hold unlimited fighters.
Comment: OK it appears that Terracorp was indeed at capacity.

How do I dock a wing?


why am i seeing other computer's traffic on wireshark?

Question: I am connected to my home router using wifi on my laptop. My ip is 192.168.0.107 but on wireshark I am seeing traffic from 192.168.0.106, which happens to be my smartphone. I was expecting to see only traffic to and from my computer though. I am running windows 8.1. I would like to know why I am seeing these packets which are shown in the picture
Answer: These are multicast packets, in particular Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP) and Multicast Domain Name Service (MDNS) packets that are used for configurationless discovery in one single LAN or WLAN segment.
Your home router broadcasts these to all devices, including your PC.
So it's perfectly normal that you see those, this is as it should be.
Edit
So the other part of the question is "why don't I see traffic from other devices". You are actually not seeing any other traffic from your Smartphone, either (except the multicast). That's because unicast packets (with a destination address of a single IP device, e.g., 192.168.0.x, instead of a multicast address, e.g. 224.0.0.x) are not broadcast by your router to all other WLAN devices. Which makes a lot of sense, because due to the encruption, it would have to be resent separately to all the n other devices, taking up n+1 airtime. But since the destination address says "these devices are not interested in the packet in the first place", it doesn't. OTOH, the multicast packets are meant to be sent to every device on the network.
So if this is an XY question and your real question is "how do I sniff packets from some other device via WLAN", the answer to that is: You have to become the access point for that device.
Comment: but the thing is there are lot of other devices on the LAN too. But I'm not seeing any traffic from other devices except the smartphone.
Comment: You become the AP _or_ you run in promiscuous mode.
Comment: @djsmiley2k: Wireshark already put the interface in promiscious mode. If the WLAN router isn't copying packets between the Smartphone and some destination to your PC, having the interface on the PC in promiscious mode doesn't help at all.
Answer: WireShark logs all the network traffic it sees. In particular, on a WiFi network, WireShark will see all other traffic on the same WiFi network.
To see traffic to and from your laptop only, you will need to use a filter, similar to the one you defined, but using your laptop's IP address:
<code>ip.src == 192.168.0.107 || ip.dst == 192.168.0.107
</code>
This is the way WireShark is intended to work, so that you can use a PC to monitor other devices, such as WebCams, printers, TVs, sound systems, etc, which cannot be used to run WireShark themselves.
I have tested this on Ubuntu with a Laptop which uses a Broadcom WiFi chip-set, and absolutely confirm that WireShark behaves in this manner. This is why I added my answer, because I was seeing buffers which were not explained by @dirkt's answer (which completely answers the buffers logged in the question), and I assumed that the questioner would come across these in future logs.
I was puzzled by my down-vote, so I asked a friend to run similar checks and he got different results on Windows with an Intel chip-set. I was surprised that the same software would behave differently on a different OS, but he suggested that maybe Windows stops the interface running in promiscuous mode.
I don't mind being down-voted if I get something wrong, but I would like to be told what is wrong so that I can correct it. We wouldn't accept a question that says "something's wrong - please help", and I don't see why down-votes should be regarded differently.


Need help with IR Transmitter circuit

Question: I'm working on IR transmitter circuit. But R77 feedback resistor creating confusion about its working. I know it's acting as a current limiter to the LEDs but confused about its role in feedback. Can anyone explain the working of this this circuit?
Comment: @Justme Yes, i know irrespective of the supply votlages can you please explain the working of feedback resistor?
Comment: OK so you changed the schematics and my comment does not apply any more - will delete it. Although, Transistor has already given you the answer. But given that LM324 has input common mode range up to 3.5V at best at 5V supply, it means that not a lot of current would flow through the LEDs, about 10mA. The 2N7002 would also need roughly 1-2V Vgs to turn on, and since LM324 can output about 3.5V at best at 5V supply, which leaves very little voltage over the feedback resistor, and very little current would flow via the LEDs - in the order of 5mA, below 10mA anyway. Is this expected?
Answer:
When a positive voltage is applied to U8A non-inverting input the output will start to rise turning on Q4.
Current will flow through R77 causing the voltage to rise at U8A inverting input.
The circuit will stabilise when V- = V+.
Let's say the PWM is 20% so the control voltage, V+, is 1 V. With R77 = 330R the circuit will stabilise when the current is \$ I = \frac V R = \frac 1 {330} = 3 \ \text {mA/V} \$ of the control voltage input.
Since the input is a 5 V PWM signal this should give you 5 × 3 = 15 mA at 100% PWM. (These figures will have to be adjusted depending on the values of R25, R68 and R74.)
Answer:
I know it's acting as a current limiter to the LEDs but confused about its role in feedback.

No, it's not acting as a current limiter. That's why you're confused.
R77 is part of a current controller. Opamp U8A operates to keep the voltage across R77 equal to the voltage on its non-inverting input. It will drive Q4 gate to whatever voltage is needed to maintain its two inputs at the same voltage. With a defined voltage across R77, there will be a defined current through it.
The input signal and the components around Q7 modulate the opamp's input voltage to modulate the controlled current.

Need help with IR Transmitter circuit


Inscriptions with size less than 10Kb were seemingly possible before taproot, why did they become popular only now?

Question: In 2017 SegWit soft fork introduced consensus limit on script size MAX_STANDARD_P2WSH_SCRIPT_SIZE=10000. With P2WSH, one could seemingly use the same script structure ("envelope") OP_FALSE OP_IF <data> OP_ENDIF to store up to ~10Kb of data in witness. Even though taproot removed the 10Kb restriction, the vast majority of inscriptions are under that limit currently. Why did they become popular now and why the popularity is commonly associated with taproot?
Comment: @Poseidon OP_RETURN is a different storage solution and has 80 bytes limit
Answer:
With P2WSH, one could seemingly use the same script structure ("envelope") OP_FALSE OP_IF  OP_ENDIF to store up to ~10Kb of data in witness

This is incorrect. The maximum standard witness script size for P2WSH is 3600 bytes.
Comment: Follow the link. :) Note this is a standardness rule specific to Bitcoin Core, not a Bitcoin consensus rule.
Comment: Haha. I wonder why people keep using a tool with such a high false positive rate. It's literally even worse than sub-optimal search engines: you won't find what you're looking for but at least they'll admit it instead of making something up.
Comment: Thanks for your answer. Where is that limit specified (code or bip)?
Comment: Aw... GPT-4 strikes again...
https://i.postimg.cc/pX8YR9C1/Screenshot-2023-05-09-181726.png♂
Answer: There's really no reason inscriptions couldn't have been done with SegWit v0. The only difference would be that large inscriptions would have to be split across multiple inputs, making the construction slightly more expensive. Pre-SegWit you'd have to use a different transaction field for inscriptions and you couldn't use the witness discount, but methods of embedding arbitrary data in the chain have existed basically since the beginning of Bitcoin.
The lifting of that 10,000 byte script size limit, coupled with the fact that the currently used inscription standard requires that Taproot be used, is the likely reason it's associated with (and sometimes wrongly blamed for) inscriptions.


Soft brake pedal

Question: I have a 2004 Volkswagen Passat that the brake pedal is really soft (goes to the floor). The driver side caliper piston was replaced (by a shop, not me), idk if that has to do with it or not. There was a leak on the hard brake line going into the caliper. I fixed it and then bled the system (using the two man method). The brake pedal gets hard when the car is off but it goes back to the floor when the car is on. Is there still air in the system? Or am I looking at a MC/brake booster?
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair!
Answer: It's most likely there is air in the system because the problem started after brake service. You might try doing a full bleed on each corner starting with the one furthest from the master cylinder and working your way to the nearest. If this doesn't work and there are no leaks, the ABS unit probably needs to be bleed. If the brake cylinder ever went dry this is a good possibility. There is a special procedure for this. You can probably find this on the internet. Once you are 100% sure there is no air or leaks in the system and all other brake components are good, then you would start looking at the master cylinder

Soft brake pedal


Trigger.io Facebook "Login Failed, EXPECTED_FAILURE"

Question: I am having many issues with connecting my Trigger.io app with Facebook using forge.facebook.authorize.
Once I switched from a development to Ad Hoc distribution I am unable to login at all. I even went as far as deleting my Facebook Account from my iPhone to see if logging in through the Facebook app would work but that doesn't either. The error message is unhelpful.
Here's what happens when I get directed to the Facebook app:

Then when I click "Okay" it takes me back to the app and this is the only indication I get of what went wrong:

What does this error mean? Is there a configuration setting I haven't set right? What would cause this to work on development (simulator & device) but not Ad Hoc distribution?
All 7 of my testers that I distributed to have also reported problems with Facebook login. Although no 2 seem to be the same.
Comment: Deleting the Facebook app from my phone to let the auth fallback to web OAuth worked and I got an access token.. but "Delete the Facebook App from your phone" isn't going to fly with users.
Answer: I've had a go at reproducing this and it seems to work fine for me on both iOS 5 with the Facebook app and iOS 6 logged in to the iOS facebook integration.
My best guess is that your adhoc app has a different package name to your development app and that was not configured in the Facebook developer center.
It's also worth noting that changing the Facebook developer settings can take some time to propagate to all of their servers, so if any changes you try don't work straight away make sure to try again a bit later.
Answer: I had this same issue and the problem was that I had changed my app settings on Facebook and I guess data was being cached on the device that was preventing Facebook from authorizing the request.
To fix it, I did the following:

Remove my app from Facebook > Account Settings > Apps > Apps you use on facebook.com
Call forge.facebook.logout() in my app to clear the cached data

I was then able to use forge.facebook.authorize. If you haven't changed your app settings, maybe just make sure you're calling forge.facebook.logout when the user logs out.


Dielectric strength test voltage

Question: I am preparing an insulation diagram prior to testing a device against IEC 60601-1.
How do I determine the dielectric strength test voltage? I couldn't find anything in -1.
Answer: You have asked a question that is an endpoint to the answers of 10-200 more detailed questions. The answer needs much experience with 60601-1
Taking the very simple question one level of hierarchy, how much insulation is necessary?
Going down another level:

What are the values of voltages to which the patient and operator may be exposed
Is any part of the medical device applied to the patient; is there a patient connection; to what body part is the patient connection.
What surfaces of the medical device are accessible to the patient, the operator, and a case where the operator touches a surface and simultaneously touches the patient. Is there a negligible probability the patient or operator can access these surfaces?

We can go further and further down the hierarchy, to the point where we ask if your instructions for use limit the selection of equipment that is connected to your device.
I strongly suggest your firm retains a consultant. Very few people have the time to walk you through the electrical hazards section of 60601-1. Reading it is just a start --the specification is written in a general way to avoid implementation details. It takes a year or 1-2 projects or to understand the correspondence of general vague terms to physical objects and design constraints. I think your project risk is unacceptably high without a 60601 expert that can help guide your design (I am not a consultant so I cannot help)

Dielectric strength test voltage


Iptables: does dropping UDP packets take place in the user-space or kernel-space?

Question: I know that Iptables is a user-space module, I also read it "configures" kernel modules to do big part of the filtering. So my question is, if I add a rule to allow only TCP:443 packets, would this be handled at the kernel level?
Answer: According to one Linux distribution, and I would assume most are relatively similar, iptables is a command line utility for configuring Linux kernel firewall implemented within the Netfilter project, at least in Arch Linux.
According to Wikipedia,

Netfilter is a framework provided by the Linux kernel that allows various networking-related operations to be implemented in the form of customized handlers. Netfilter offers various functions and operations for packet filtering, network address translation, and port translation, which provide the functionality required for directing packets through a network, as well as for providing ability to prohibit packets from reaching sensitive locations within a computer network.

As such, the answer that I would say is yes. Filtering is done at the kernel level.
Comment: It's **Arch Linux**, lol. Arch is not the same as Archer.


What is the mechanism for the production of the electromagnetic radiations due to accelerated charge particles?

Question: I have recently read in Griffiths that when a charge particle get accelerated the electromagnetic field associated with it get " ditatched " from it and this detatched electromagnetic field is what we call as electromagnetic radiations...But how physically the electromagnetic field gets detatched from the charge ? I have also read that the electromagnetic field or entity is as real as a foot ball or  a book or any other thing that we actually feel to be existing physically ...But I don't understand how ? before Griffiths I have read that the electric field or the magnetic fields are only assumed entities that can be regarded as important tools to explain the interactions of the charged bodies..But how can they have " real " physical existance ?
Comment: _But how can they have " real " physical existance ?_ The usual explanation is that you need fields so the interaction doesn't travel faster than light. Moreover, in quantum mechanics, the potential is even more fundamental (due to topological effects, like Aharonov-Bohm...). And it would be nice if you used paragraphs and commas.
Comment: Check out [this](http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~phys1/java/phys1/MovingCharge/MovingCharge.html) cool java applet. It will explain how better than a written description.
Answer: That comes directly from the Maxwell equations. I don't think that you need any kind of special mechanism. If you notice, electric currents serve as source of electromagnetic field, and any charge, moving or not, can serve as source. The catch is that if you have a non-accelerating source, it's the same that exists a reference frame where this charge is at rest. It is possible to solve this case (the solution is called 'Coulumbs Law'), and you verify that it decays fast (i.e., the fields decay as $1/r^2$), and thus, there is no net flow of energy ( and momentum), you do this by calculating the Pointing vector, and as such, the EM field doesn't 'Radiate'.
If you try to calculate the full EM fields in the case of a point-like charge with an arbitrary movement, you discover that there is a component of the resulting field that is slow decaying (i.e., $1/r$), and thus it drains the energy of the point particle.
The point that you mentioned, about the physical existence of the EM field, is exactly the crucial point of the radiation field. There are (non-trivial) solutions of the homogeneous Maxwell equations, with finite energy and momentum (think on light pulses), and thus, with 0 sources.
The physical existence of the EM field is complicated, but it is linked with the fact that it can carry, itself, energy and momentum, thus being a physical entity. The EM field originated as a practical tool to calculate forces between charged particles, but it soon revealed itself as much more than that.
Comment: *"I don't think that you need any kind of special mechanism"* This. It's built in at the core of E&M.


Use of the definite article in "America the Beautiful"

Question: How do we explain using the definite article for adjectives in "the beautiful"?
Is it possible in Poetry?
or is it possible in titling as in newspapers if I am not mistaken?
I think it is equivalent to "The beautiful America", but I would like to know if there are any grammar rules I do not know of.
Answer: This is a standard "nickname/epithet" construction, well-known in forms like...

Æthelred the Unready
Scotland the Brave
Hägar the Horrible
   etc., etc.

Because they're bestowed titles, such epithets don't have to adhere to conventional principles of grammar. But probably for all examples of "X the Y" (where X is a proper noun and Y is an adjective), you could parse it as...

"X who is known as the archetypal example of a Y [king/country/Viking invader/etc.]".

I don't think OP is quite correct in assuming America the beautiful is equivalent to the beautiful America. Firstly because that second form (which would rarely be encountered) tends to imply there might be other countries equally deserving of the descriptor beautiful. Secondly because it would often be used in contexts where the speaker/writer also refers to another "America" which is not, in fact, beautiful ("an ugly America", in that link).

Note that this doesn't apply to all descriptive epithets. For example, Jones is a common surname in Wales, so three people with that name in one village might be identified as Jones the Bread, Jones the Mill, Jones the Milk. In those cases, the "descriptive" element is a noun. But arguably they're a different type of epithet, used primarily for disambiguation rather than to provide additional information about a single "already-known" entity.
Comment: I really don't think that epithets used in this fashion are meant to imply that the bearer is *uniquely* suited to the epithet. I *certainly* don't think even Americans are so egotistical about their country as to consider it the only beautiful country in the world. It just means that the bearer is *particularly* suited to the epithet.
Comment: @KRyan: In the case of *Jones the Bread*, obviously the whole *point* of the usage is to ***uniquely*** identify the referent. As I thought I made clear, usages like *Scotland the Brave* simply assert that the referent is the best (or at least, a very good) example of the quality. That's to say, they are (or *think* they are) particularly associated with it. Americans can think what they please about how beautiful their country is, though I rarely hear (and actually, never notice) *America the Beautiful*. But it's *Great Britain* for me - none of your *Britain the Great*, thanks! :)
Answer: Largely agree with FumbleFingers. An additional thought:
Adjectives can be used as nouns, meaning the idea of that thing, or a person or object that is in some way representative of that thing.
For example, one might write, "How can we know the good?" Meaning, how can we understand this idea of "good", or how can we know what things qualify as "good".
It's a short step from there to characterizing a particular individual as an example of the adjective. "I think that Fred best meets our ideal of the Diligent."
And from there it's a short step to giving someone or something a title reflecting this characterization, "Ethelred the Unready", "America the Beautiful", and so forth, as FumbleFingers discusses.
And sure, in most cases I don't think such a title would be understood to mean that we believe that that example is the only example of the abstraction, or even necessarily the most or the best. Just that it is AN example. Hagar the Horrible is not the only horrible person in the world: even being of Norwegian ancestry myself, I must concede that there have been other horrible people in history. I don't suppose he's even the most horrible. Just that he is horrible.


Process to export svn files hangs with Process.Start()

Question: I try to execute a .cmd to export files from SVN, it works manually and in my local machine(WS2003 SP2 IIS Identiy: Local System), but it fails in the execution server (same configuration).
The script I execute is:
echo.%Date%-%Time%- Username %username%>>c:\vpcheckcode\logsvn.txt

svn export %svnUrl% %srcFolder% --force --username %usr% --password %psw%

If I try simply to copy a file, no svn, it works.
When I execute it manually it logs my user and it exports the files.
On develop PC it doesn't log the user but it works, in execution server it doesn't log the user and it doesn't works.
I try to execute the .cmd in this way:
ProcessStartInfo startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo();
startInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
startInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
startInfo.FileName = strFileName;
startInfo.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;

startInfo.Arguments = svnUrl + " " + srcFolder+ " " + usr+" "+psw;

using (Process exeProcess = Process.Start(startInfo))
{
    pid = exeProcess.Id;
    EventLog.WriteEntry("VPCheckCodeSrvDll.ExecuteScriptSVN", "avviato pid svn: " + pid.ToString(), EventLogEntryType.Warning);

    if (!exeProcess.WaitForExit((int)_svnExportTimeout))
    {
        exeProcess.Kill();

The process hangs untill it has been killed.
C:\Documents and Settings\myuser>tlist 4980
4980 cmd.exe
   CWD:     c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\
   CmdLine: cmd /c ""C:\ANALISI\000000-xx-v90\SVN\svnExport.cmd"    https://svn.mysite.local/repos/HA/branches/H
   VirtualSize:    11332 KB   PeakVirtualSize:    15492 KB
   WorkingSetSize:  1832 KB   PeakWorkingSetSize:  1848 KB
   NumberOfThreads: 1
   2704 Win32StartAddr:0x4ad07670 LastErr:0x000000cb State:Waiting
  5.2.3790.3959 shp  0x4AD00000  cmd.exe
  5.2.3790.4937 shp  0x7C800000  ntdll.dll
  5.2.3790.5069 shp  0x77E40000  kernel32.dll
  7.0.3790.3959 shp  0x77BA0000  msvcrt.dll
  5.2.3790.4455 shp  0x7D1E0000  ADVAPI32.dll
  5.2.3790.4759 shp  0x77C50000  RPCRT4.dll
  5.2.3790.4455 shp  0x76F50000  Secur32.dll
  5.2.3790.4033 shp  0x77380000  USER32.dll
  5.2.3790.4396 shp  0x77C00000  GDI32.dll
  5.2.3790.3959 shp  0x71BD0000  MPR.dll
  5.2.3790.3959 shp  0x76290000  IMM32.DLL

Any suggestion?
Answer: I did something similar.  Try the following:
Change : startInfo.Arguments = svnUrl + " " + srcFolder+ " " + usr+" "+psw;
to : startInfo.Arguments = String.Format("{0} \"{1}\" --username {2} --password {3}", svnUrl, srcFolder, usr, psw);
I am making the assumption that your usr and psw variables do not contain the parameter information for subversion.  Also, my destination included the file name (I can't see your full command line as it is cut off) and also contained spaces, so I had to enclose it within quotes. Your svnUrl should have "%20" in place of spaces if you have any (again, the full URL is not visible).
Comment: Sorry, too quick on the response.  I neglected to suggest to try getting the process to work without the script.  Therefore, replace startInfo.FileName = strFileName; with startInfo.FileName = "svn" and I also neglected to add the key word "export" to the beginning of the startInfo.Arguments (String.Format("export {0} \"{1}\" --username {2} --password {3}", svnUrl, srcFolder, usr, psw);)
Comment: Thank you Rod, I tried but it doesn't work. THe script works if I execute it directly, but it doesn't work from Process.Start().
It must be something related to user authorizations I think.


How do I control the image display duration in the Mojave screensavers?

Question: How do I adjust the display duration of images used in the Mojave screensaver?
Answer:
You'll need to disable System Integrity Protection first(see here)(only need to do it temporarily)
Open Finder and hit ⌘-Shift-G to open the "Go to..." window.
Paste in /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Slideshows.framework/Versions/A/Resources/Content and hit "Go".
When changing system files, it's always a good idea to have a backup, so make a copy of the file EffectDescriptions.plist before editing it.
Open EffectDescriptions.plist in a text editor of your choice.
(Use ⌘-F to find it faster) find the key entry JustASlide, then find the child entry mainDuration below it.
The default entry should be 3, and you can change this value to whatever you want.
Save the file(you may need to provide your username & password because it's a system file).
IMPORTANT: Enable SIP again by following the same steps to disable it, except instead of typing csrutil disable, type csrutil enable.

If you are unable to open/save the file after disabling SIP, try opening the application from the terminal using sudo(ex for TextEdit: sudo /Applications/TextEdit.app/Contents/MacOS/TextEdit)
Comment: @abd I replaces first entry of "mainDuration" to "10" and I got a black screen instead of screen saver slide show. Did I do something wrong? There was no mainDuration entry with value followed
Comment: the first entry of mainDuration is used in some kind of formula and used as variable. @ABCDEFGHGJKPQGQSde_needsRandomSeed[orientation_needsPanoInformationYclassNameWpresets]effectVersion_phaseInDurationZisNative3D_phaseOutDuration^imageInputInfo\mainDuration]numberOfTexts There is no mainDuration followed by integer in a whole file.


Do recessed light fixtures with local switches exist?

Question: Our home has original ugly square recessed lighting in the lower level.  There are two lines of lights, each operated by one switch, with 5 lights per switch.  We plan to remodel with new recessed lights. However, we will still only have two switches with lots of lights on each switch. Is there a recessed lighting product the has an individual switch integrated in the unit. Only some of the lights need be on, even if the main switch is on.
Comment: Out of curiosity, why do you care about shutting the lights off individually?  Are they distracting or annoying, are you going for a lighting style, trying to save electricity, trying to save bulbs etc.?
Comment: You didn't give a good indication of the problem you are trying to solve... if it's total amount of light, you could consider adding a dimmer switch.
Comment: If you're remodeling, why not pull some new wiring?
Comment: What kind of switch do you picture each light having?
Answer: To solve the problem of having only one switch per room but need for more lights, I went for a smart lighting system. By now there's plenty of systems available that you can compare and choose from, but based on my own experience, I can recommend Philips Hue system because it's well supported, it has lively user communities that you can easily get help from when you need assistance, they have quite a bit of different kinds of lamps (and now even other smart devices and products from other brands) that can be integrated to the system, and for LEDs (that can notoriously produce ugly dull light), the white light is good enough quality because the bulbs now use a slightly different method to produce it than what you might typically see.
Philips will seem expensive once you start out (I considered for about two years), but once you have it, I've personally felt that it does pay off because it's so flexible and can solve problems such as this.
Currently Philips Hue seems to have a few recessed lights that belong to the "White Ambiance" range, meaning that they are dimmable, and you can adjust their color temperature from a very cold bluish daylight, to white, to warm light that all the way resembles the color temperature of a candle. Your eyes really appreciate that in the late evenings.
Now, how individually?
The Hue App (or third party computer programs) will allow you to adjust single light bulbs individually if you need that kind of precision. But if you actually meant that you want to control this big bunch of lights as several sub-groups instead of all at once, you can use the app to specify which bulbs belong to which group. Then, at the time of writing this, Philips has two physical accessories that you can use just like wall switches: Hue Remote, or Hue Tap. They can be attached to a wall like a switch, or they can go with you like a remote control. I personally find Hue Remote a better product. The official Hue app allows you to program what the remote control does, so you can choose to give commands to all lights or just some of those groups that you created. There's several third party apps that will allow you to program even more actions to a single remote controller than is officially possible. For example, iConnectHue which is for iOS, is one of those. The Hue Remote has four buttons, but with a third party app, you can program extra actions to it so the buttons have more in them if you press it vs. hold it, or press it once vs. press it four times. This of course means that you'd have to remember what you've programmed as the extra actions, but it's one way to avoid having to buy multiple Hue Remotes if you're not up for it.
For the lights to work correctly, you leave the electrical original switch ON at all times, and only use the remotes or the app or other ways to command the lights to go off when you want. The lights will be switched off, but because the electricity in them is still on, they will be ready to receive the next remote command that switches them on again, be it one of them, some of them or all of them.
There are other brands, but I don't have personal experiences to share about their quality. There are people who make Youtube videos or blogs about comparing and reviewing products, but unless you know the person's agenda, it's possible that they're being paid money to endorse products, so you can't get an objective and realistic review. If everything seems too perfect and flawless, it might be a paid endorsement.
If you were to think of adopting a smart light system, do consider the future of the manufacturer of it: If you buy a cheap lamp from a firm that no one's ever heard of and you can't find a manufacturer's website with any signs of support and professionalism in sight, the chances are that it is just a really cheap go at competing at the market of smart lighting, and when you encounter problems or the lamp malfunctions far too soon, you don't have any support, guarantees or community help available. This is not to say that Philips would be the only viable option, there are others, but I'd advise not to go for the cheap anonymous replicas that you'd quite probably end up regretting.
Answer: In answer to your question, I have never seen a standard recessed light with a switch (pull chain). There are some electronic switches that operate on radio frequency that you might be able to use (make sure you are able to access them). Try http://www.smarthome.com.
These things are always being updated so you need to do your own research. I have used some of these for remote switching or installing switches were running a switch leg was impractical.
Good luck


Is there a rule that creatures without Con scores can not have the Regeneration special ability?

Question: I've heard that there's a rule that creatures without Con scores (e.g. undead) cannot have the regeneration special ability. I can see why that would be the case (immunity to nonlethal damage makes Regeneration pretty powerful), but I'd like to see a rules citation for it if it exists.
Comment: I'm still looking for the actual cite, but I'm pretty sure you hit the nail on the head with the "immunity to non-lethal" part.  Remember that they can regenerate hp, they just have the simpler fast healing instead of "true" regeneration.  Be back with an answer if I can find a 3.5 source...
Answer: It is right there in Regeneration ability description:

[...] A creature must have a Constitution score to have the regeneration ability.
Comment: Well, that's heartbreaking. And makes me look moderately foolish ;)


will a record set derived from jsonb_to_recordset always maintain the order of the items in a JSON array

Question: I want to be able to retrieve a jsonb array of objects as a record set. Maintaining the order of objects is critical. Will jsonb_to_recordset always return the record set in the order of the array of objects?
Answer: Here's another solution using another of Postgres' json functions: jsonb_array_elements.
  SELECT id, (value->>'benefit')::varchar as benefit, ordinality as rank
  FROM products
  CROSS JOIN LATERAL jsonb_array_elements(benefits) with ordinality

"with ordinality" gives you the order of each array item and allows you to do an explicit order by on that field to ensure the order remains the same.
This stackoverflow post was very helpful
Comment: Also works with jsonb_to_recordset: http://dbfiddle.uk/?rdbms=postgres_10&fiddle=a1715731a5ba57fa7002e7be4b5570dd.
Answer:
Will jsonb_to_recordset always return the record set in the order of the array of objects?

Maybe, maybe not — this question is based on a faulty premise, which is that a set is ordered without an explicit ORDER BY clause. Even if you could show that jsonb_to_recordset always returns the array elements in array order in every possible edge case with the version of Postgres you are using, there would be no guarantee that a future version would not change the behaviour.
In other words, even though in JSON an array is an ordered sequence of zero or more values, the output of jsonb_to_recordset is by definition unordered, no matter what you see in practice, without an explicit ORDER BY. Of course, you may consider the risk worth taking.
One (very inefficient) way of guaranteeing the order would be to use a recursive query:

create table tab(col jsonb);

insert into tab(col) values ('[{"a":"1","b":"foo"}
                              ,{"a":"2","b":"bar"}
                              ,{"a":"3","b":"baz"}]');

select * from jsonb_to_recordset((select col from tab)) as x(a int, b text);

 a | b
-: | :--
 1 | foo
 2 | bar
 3 | baz

with recursive t(n) as ( values (0)
                         union all
                         select n+1
                         from t
                         where n < jsonb_array_length((select col from tab))-1 )
select ((select col from tab)->n->>'a')::integer a
      ,((select col from tab)->n->>'b') b
from t
order by n;

 a | b
-: | :--
 1 | foo
 2 | bar
 3 | baz

dbfiddle here


Nonabelian group of order 95

Question: I have to either find a nonabelian group of order $95$, or show none exists. $95 = 19 \times 5$. I am trying to use the class equation to show that $\vert G\vert = \vert Z(G)\vert$, but I am not sure how to show that there is no subgroup which is not in the center. Can someone gear me in the right direction?
Comment: This is the case $(p,q)=(5,19)$. Since $5\nmid 19-1$, all groups of order $pq=95$ are abelian. There are several questions at MSE proving this; also [this one](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1502186/groups-of-order-pq-are-cyclic).
Answer: By Cauchy's Theorem, a group $G$ of order $95$ must have two cyclic subgroups $H$ and $K$, isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_5$ and $\mathbb{Z}_{19}$.
The next step would be to prove that $G \cong \mathbb{Z}_5 \times \mathbb{Z}_{19}$, which can be done using the fact that if $H \cap K = \{ e \}$, $HK = G$ and both subgroups are normal, then $G \cong H \times K$.
The trivial intersection is quite easy to prove using Lagrange, while for the normality i suggest to use the Sylow Third Theorem to show that $H$ and $K$ are the only two subgroups of order $5$ and $19$, and thus they are normal
[edited, considering Jabin Du remark].
In the end to prove that $G = HK$ just observe that $HK$ is a subgrop since $H$ and $K$ are normal. Thus the order of $HK$ must be divisible by the order of $H$ and the order of $K$, and still have to be less than $95$, so $|HK| = 95$ and then $HK = G$.
Comment: Why is it that $H \cap K = \{e\}$ and $H,K$ are normal in $G$ are sufficient conditions to prove that the direct product is isomorphic?
Comment: @blanchey It's necessary to add a condition : $ G=HK$. That is , if $H,K$ are normal subgroups of $G$, $H\cap K=1,G=HK$, then $G\cong H\times K$. This is a basic fact of abstract algebra.Without this extra condition, it's not true. Say, 1 and $K_4$(Klein four group) are normal subgroups of $A_4$, of course $1\times K_4$ is not isomorphic to $A_4$. But in case of here obviously $G=HK$

Nonabelian group of order 95


Why won't my textures work in Blender 2.76

Question: I'm new to Blender and have just started to learn texturing in Blender. The problem is: when I apply textures to the default cube displayed at startup, the work and render perfectly, but when I add a new mesh (regardless of whether I deleted the cube or not) the texture doesn't render at all and most of the texture options are completely missing. I'm not sure if it is a malfunction or if I'm doing something wrong. I tried reinstalling Blender and I also tried a previous version (Blender 2.75) and the same thing keeps happening. I would really appreciate it if someone could give me some advice. Thanks in advance.
Answer: You might have missed this step.
For every new mesh you create, you need to apply at least one material. Without
the material applied your texture panel will be empty. This is the confusing part of blender. Though it can be improved, after working with blender for a while, I find it fairly easy to use.
TAKE NOTE
There are 2 Panel you need to be aware of whilst starting to learn about material. The material panel and the textures panel are separate panels, but
they work together.
Also I am assuming that since you are a new user, you would be on Blender Internal Render engine and not cycle. Hope this helps.


Esperantizing one's name - what's the origin of this tradition?

Question: I've been seeing a lot of Esperantized names, where people adjust their names to Esperanto spelling and even change it more to make it "Esperantized". In many ways, this is great, because names can be very different and it's important to get it right. What's the origin of this tradition?
Answer: I don't think it's much of a tradition, but rather convenience. Unless you transcribe it, i.e. write it phonetically (as it should be read) as the closest approximation using characters Esperanto has to offer, you won't really know how to read it. This is because names are just words in other languages: you can't pronounce them unless you are familiar with the language.
Transcribing names is also done in many other languages, so it's not an unknown thing to do. As a native Serbian, I can confirm we always transcribe names; I've also seen it in Russian and Greek. Another (more extreme and more obvious) example is Japanese, where we also transcribe (romanize) characters.
For example, take the name Michael. You can't be sure how to pronounce it unless you know which language the name is taken from (could be English, Italian, French, German and probably many more) -- it's written the same in all those languages, but it follows different pronunciation rules. So it could be Majkl, Miŝel, etc.
I'm not aware of any existing strict rules for transcribing names, so I usually go "by ear".
Some people like to add the final o to make it look like every other noun in Esperanto. Personally, I don't like using it because then it loses the original pronunciation of the name; also female names tend to look ugly or masculine (like Maria becoming either Mariao or Mario). I usually add o only when accusative seems awkward or impossible (John would be Ĝon and Ĝonon in accusative).
Comment: Yes I think, Every language do that to names for convenience
Comment: Actually, not every language does that. In Swedish, a lot of words can be written with Swedish spelling: Nice - najs. That is very informal slang. We don't do it to names.


Why must informal fallacies be detected by humans instead of machines?

Question: Why do informal fallacies have to be detected by humans according to my textbook? It claims that Artificial Intelligence of any kind is unable to do this on its own.
Answer: Informal fallacies don't have exact definitions --they are just structural similarities between different poorly constructed arguments in natural language.  They overlap with each other, there are edge cases where determining whether a fallacy is being committed is highly subjective, and they can manifest in widely different arguments.  This isn't to say that a highly advanced real-world artificial intelligence (such as Watson) couldn't conceivably do a credible job, but would be at least as difficult as identifying any other fuzzy concept.
Formal fallacies, on the other hand, are exact, objective structural flaws in artificial, constructed languages.  They are as easy for a computer to find as a mistake in a math calculation.
Comment: Related: one might argue an AI cannot do this on its own, because we currently do not trust the results of any AI in the domain of identifying informal fallacies.  It's a bit circular, but I think that feedback loop is certainly very related to the issue.
Answer: It might help if you quoted your textbook in more detail, but I take the point in part to be that informal fallacies are not inherently machine-checkable.
The key to understanding this is to understand both what a fallacy is and the distinction between formal and informal fallacies.
A fallacy is a mistake in argument or maybe by extension an error in logic in some slightly broader domain (like a computer program). These fallacies are then divided into formal fallacies and informal fallacies.
Here, the word formal has a technical meaning -- namely, that the form of the argument has an error of inference. Informal, by contrast, is any other error of reasoning that occurs at any stage in an argument.
To illustrate the point, the list of formal fallacies is quite short and easily checked by a computer. For propositional arguments, there are only three: affirming the consequent, denying the antecedent, and affirming a disjunction. In each case, the symbolization is assumed to be valid. And there's a pure error in application of the standard laws of logic.
By contrast, informal fallacies make mistakes in formalization and other aspects that make them difficult if not impossible to spot programmatically (it's not my domain but I would assume this issue is fundamentally identical to the difficulties faced by machine translation). Here, there's always a question of whether the formalization is in fact wrong.
Followers of Xenu might see statements by Xenu as axiomatic truths worthy of inclusion with the Peano axioms. But the rest of us would view that as an appeal to authority.
Pro-abortion people might call calling a fetus a human person an equivocation where as pro-life advocates would disagree.
The list of such disagreements about whether a fallacy is correctly applied is never-ending.
Comment: It would seem at a glance that a computer could be programmed to check many informal fallacies "syntactically," such as ad hominem, begging the question, circular reasoning, etc. I would think computers could get better and better at detecting larger and larger sets of informal fallacies. Is there any technical reason why not? There may be, so I'm just curious.
Answer: In theory, software can check for informal fallacies, just as in theory, software can simulate human beings.  However, in practice this is an immense undertaking.
Our intelligence is built on a huge body of contextual information.  Even detecting fallacies can call upon apparently unrelated pieces of information.  So first, you'd need to encode all of this information at the right level of representation for the software.  One attempt to do this (at a high level) was The Cyc Project.
Then you have to simulate the robust pattern matching abilities of the human brain.  If you try doing this by simulating the brain, then you'll need to build a neural network with a quadrillion connections. Further, since individual neurons don't deal with concepts but with far finer grained inputs, your database would have to be much lower level.
Then there's the question of embodiement.  Is it enough to simulate a brain?  What does input, output and representation even mean?  We're embodied beings, so must intelligence in the computer be somehow embodied?  Rodney Brooks is a roboticist with this view and has built some robots and written eye-opening articles in this regard.
Once you've done that, you have to deal with possible side effects.  For instance, is our incredible pattern finding ability one reason why we make mistakes?  If so, being able to do what we do well may necessarily entail making the same types of mistakes that we do.  So, would we have ended up with software that would make fallacies?  Can we have our cake and eat it too?
One possible shortcut is to build this system with very little contextual information and expose it to the same inputs that people get in their formative years, in an attempt to "grow" this intelligence.  Even that is full of problems, but at least you can bypass the problems of trying to encode higher level concepts in very low level neurological terms.
So while the question of fallacy checking is solvable in principle, it may be an error to treat it as an isolated act of intelligence, separable from the other acts of intelligence.  Philosophy has a long history of trying to detach reason from bodily concerns, and more and more people are coming to realize that this may be a fallacy.  Many conclude that reason cannot be separated from passions or even embodiement; in short, there may be no such thing as "pure detached reason" and one might have to take a holistic approach even to such apparently isolated domains as informal fallacy checking.
Answer: Your textbook is wrong.
To detect an informal fallacy requires intelligence. Whether this is natural intelligence or artificial intelligence doesn't matter much. An Artificial Intelligence that deserves the second part of the name has no problems detecting informal fallacies.
Your textbook may find arguments why creating an Artificial Intelligence may be difficult. I doubt that it can find valid arguments why creating an Artificial Intelligence would be impossible.
Comment: Considering the manner the OP reports the claim in, it seems like a bit of an overstatement to baldly assert the textbook is wrong (rather than the way the OP reports it). Also of note for your second paragraph, is that, afaik, no such artificial intelligence currently exists.
Comment: Why would the nonexistance of an artificial intelligence today mean it is impossible in 40 years time? As an example, the graphics effects that you see on a plain iPhone were impossible 40 years ago, and if you had asked people, they would have come up with many arguments why that kind of graphics would be impossible forever.
Comment: My comment never claims what your comment responds to. My argument is (a) we're depending on the report of the OP as to what the textbook claims and you're inferring a lot of details and (b) you're talking about something that does not yet exist as if it is proof against a claim which per (a) we have no direct access to and thus cannot gauge its qualifications (maybe it says "now"). I take it this is an informal logic textbook -- not a textbook about AI (thus it has no reason to enter into debates about the possibility of "strong AI").


Email all the test results once nunit finishes the tests

Question: I wrote unit tests using NUnit. Once all the tests are done, I want to email the Test results to all my team. Is there a way to do it?
Comment: Are you using any form of CI? Many of the frameworks have a plugin that allows the propagation of the results via plugins.
Answer: Usually this is done using an automated build tool like Cruise Control.  It checks your code out of version control, builds the app, runs all the tests, packages the app, and sends it to the first deployment server.  Team members can view the complete results of the build and test cycle using a browser to check the build server dashboard.
I'd prefer that to getting e-mailed test results.  E-mail would soon become an annoyance.
Answer: Since you are using TFS, you can make use of NUnit for Team Build which would make your NUnit test results visible in the build log and incorporated into the data warehouse for reporting.
There is also NUnitForVS which can publish results within TFS.
Going one of the above routes will allow you to leverage the current CI environment and is a much better approach to emailing the results as they surface.


Domain Admin Account Accessing SQL Server

Question: I was monitoring some SQL calls using SQL Server Profiler and noticed a Domain Admin account accessing SQL quite a bit.  We do not have a DBA at this point.  There are two developers and I am one of them.  Is this a bad practice and/or a security risk?  I ask because the latest rash of ransomware attacks have a strong emphasis on hijacking Domain Admin account privileges so I am concerned.
Comment: @scsimon I just noticed that all domain users are sysadmins.  Oh lord help us!
Comment: Is the said domain admin AD account (assuming an individual user) also `sysadmin` on sql server? If so, then sure it's a risk that can be mitigated by only using a sql authenitcation account for sysadmin.
Comment: Brent Ozar just did a [nice series](https://www.brentozar.com/archive/2019/07/welcome-to-the-dba-training-plan/) that may help. [Security](https://www.brentozar.com/archive/2019/07/dba-training-plan-5-knowing-who-has-access/) was week 5.
Comment: @Piotr I totally agree. I am trying to do what I can with the resources that we have in the meantime.
Answer: You could use the following query to provide some quick details about the domain admin:
SELECT des.session_id
    , des.host_name
    , des.login_time
    , des.is_user_process
    , des.last_request_start_time
    , dest.text
FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions des
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections dec ON des.session_id = dec.session_id
    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(dec.most_recent_sql_handle) dest
WHERE des.login_name = N'DOMAIN\AccountName'

It'll show the name of the client machine where they are connecting from, and the last statement they executed.
In general, you probably want to explicitly control who has access to the SQL Server, especially for security-sensitive accounts such as members of the sysadmin and securityadmin server roles.  The principle of least privilege applies.
This query will show you the members of each server-level role:
SELECT spr.name
    , spm.name
FROM sys.server_principals spr
    INNER JOIN sys.server_role_members srm ON spr.principal_id = srm.role_principal_id
    INNER JOIN sys.server_principals spm ON srm.member_principal_id = spm.principal_id
ORDER BY spr.name
    , spm.name;

In general, this list should be as small as possible.  Pay particular attention to the securityadmin and sysadmin roles.
As an aside, you want to limit the number of people who have access to the Domain Admins AD group since members of that group could restart your SQL Server in such a way that they can gain access to it, even if they haven't been explicitly granted access.  There are a lot of security implications to be aware of domain-wide for highly privileged groups such as the Domain Admins.
Answer: There is good information in the two existing answers, and you should follow-up on what they suggest.
But be aware that in some cases the account might not be actively connecting, we have seen cases where a user who has SSMS open and has a servers listed in their Central Management Servers (CMS), show as connected when if fact they are not actively doing anything on the server, nor are they intentionally connected.
I looked for documentation of this occurring and why, to reference in this post but I am not finding anything.
Answer: It's not good idea to have built-in accounts or default security groups i.e. Domain Users, Domain Admins etc.. to have access on SQL Server. Instead, create separate windows account/domain security groups to have access on SQL Server.
Also, some of best practices as follows, for more details have a look at security benchmark
Server Level

Always disable sa login on production server (create a new login with sysadmin permissions before disabling sa)
Do NOT let every login added into sysadmin server role, consider server hosts multiple databases that are related different applications, which have no relation each other. There are cases (I do not agree) that the application user required full permissions on the database server, in that case it's better to have separate instance.

Database Level

Track regularly on Orphaned  Users (especially when DB restored from unknown backups), drop them accordingly
Beware db_owner database role have same level of access (within database) as sysadmin

Following query would help to find Orphaned Users (databases scoped):
select  DB_NAME () as DBName, dp.name,
        dp.principal_id,
        dp.type,
        dp.type_desc,
        dp.sid,
        sp.sid,
        'if not exists (select containment from sys.databases where not containment = 0) drop user [' + dp.name + ']' as FixCommand
from sys.database_principals as dp
        left outer join sys.server_principals as sp on dp.sid = sp.sid
where  dp.principal_id > 4 AND sp.sid is null and dp.type in ('S', 'U', 'G')
go


Suggest other site for other human languages

Question: I have searched multiple terms and haven't found this answer.  If a user enters question text on a site dedicated to a specific human written/spoken language, let's say https://stackoverflow.com/ which is English, and the text is some other language, why not attempt to detect the language, via Google translate API or some other API and at least suggest the appropriate site if it exists?
Comment: Because those APIs can (and do) get it wrong. More than one language can use the same alphabet, and even some of the same words and grammars. Human language is messy and best left to humans to work out. We also only have, what, five language-specific SO sites? Certainly that's within our abilities to handle. Also, we can't tell if an English question is "good" automatically; how are we going to do it Russian?
Comment: No I'm talking about a **suggestion**  _"Hey this is an English language site but you seem to be asking in Spanish, have you considered https://es.stackoverflow.com/"?  You may get more answers there."_
Comment: Why not using a custom close flag, with a comment mentioning the appropriate site? From my experience it's a rather rare case, and often the questions per se, are pretty low quality anyways. I won't support that wasting SO dev time.
Comment: And what? These questions need to be closed and deleted from SO anyways :-P
Comment: @πάνταῥεῖ  Why?  If it is a well crafted question with concise code and problem description that can help others but is posted on the English site in Spanish, why closed and deleted?
Comment: @HereticMonkey  Yes I know this, however if it is a half-way decent question with several sentences of text it can at least be detected.  Or not detected, and things continue as they are.  I didn't state anything about detecting if it was _"good"_, but I don't understand Spanish so maybe it is good to another Spanish speaker.
Comment: I'm certainly not suggesting that anyone write code in an attempt to automate or streamline anything or make it easier.  That would just be crazy talk.
Comment: @πάνταῥεῖ  Yeah, so much more efficient and helpful than alerting the user that there is a site with users of the same language that can help them.
Comment: @AbraCadaver So you're asking for automatic migration?
Comment: "I didn't state anything about detecting if it was "good"," I know you didn't say that but I think it would make an interesting question and they tried it already way back in 2013 I think. It would be interesting to see how that would go nowadays. Most probably better.
Comment: I think this idea is valid.
Not only that, but I hate that in SOpt-br, there is always at least one Brazilian putting an English question, even if it's well-formed, they get completely destroyed by downvotes.
Answer: Language detection is extremely error-prone, especially on a site where people frequently post source code and other non-English text. I don't think this is something that we can do with any reasonable degree of accuracy. Moreover, I don't think it is important. It should be patently obvious to everyone who arrives that this site is entirely in English. If someone can't clue into that basic observation, it's unlikely they'll bother to read some suggestion or hint about another site. Finally, there are only a small number of localized Stack Overflow sites. We don't have truly broad enough coverage of non-English languages for a generalized system like this to work.
Frankly, we would prefer that users not make these types of recommendations manually in comments, either. Even if you can clearly tell that a question is written in, say, Spanish, we would prefer that you not leave a comment suggesting the asker to go visit Spanish.SO. Unless you can actually read Spanish with some degree of fluency, you aren't qualified to assess the quality of the question—and if you can't assess the quality of a question, you aren't able to complete "step 0" of the migration process. Other sites don't want us dumping our unwanted garbage on their lawn. Folks who can't figure out that Stack Overflow is an English-only site are not likely to have much overlap with the folks who produce high-quality content.
Comment: *"It should be patently obvious to everyone who arrives that this site is entirely in English."* I think this is probably the most telling point. When you sign up, everything you read is in English. You're urged to take the [tour] and vist the [help] to understand the site. If someone hasn't taken the "time" to *infer* that a site completely written in English, with no option to change the viewed language, expects English content to be posted, then it is my opinion that it is *very* unlikely they have researched the problem themselves or the question is of good quality.
Comment: "Language detection is extremely error-prone.." I don't know. Whenever I type something into Google translate it automatically detects the language and so far has been quite good. There is a difference between informing of the existence of another stack exchange and exporting garbage. Also equaling confusion of the right site with low quality might be just too much. I think this answer is a bit too pessimistic overall. I would rather argue that the potential benefit is small compared to the effort of creating and maintaining the feature
Comment: @Trilarion "*Whenever I type something into Google translate it automatically detects the language and so far has been quite good.*" depends on what you type. If it's long and well formatted text e.g., excerpt from a book, then it's generally OK. But if you use some shorter more "free form text" that is not fully grammatically correct or might have some unorthodox spelling, then it's sketchy.  Google translate seems to often think one Slavic language for another, for example. I suspect a lot of the non-English content will also be problematic for detection.
Comment: @VLAZ The only languages I speak are quite popular ones with at least 50 million speakers. For them the automatic detection is probably better, so it might have skewed my observation. Just now I tried four non-English languages (French, German, Spanish, Russian) and simple sentences with small spelling errors (exchanged letters and added a few additional letters). Detection was right after 2-3 words on average.
Comment: _"Frankly, we would prefer that users not make these types of recommendations manually in comments, either."_ As someone that has an established snippet for directing people to [Stack Overflow en español](https://es.stackoverflow.com/) and [Stack Overflow em Português](https://pt.stackoverflow.com/), but isn't fluent in either language, this is really useful to know. I'll be sure to retire that snippet.
Comment: I almost never have good results with Google Translate's automatic language detection. There are two main types of text that I try to translate: snippets from spam posts here on SO, and snippets from closed captions in shows that I watch that have brief dialogues in languages that I don't speak. So, yes, I think @VLAZ is probably correct about the accuracy being correlated with the length of the text that one attempts to translate. In my experience, I *really* don't think that there is any doubt about the correlation between quality and asking a question on a blatantly wrong site.