Can a Betazoid read a Trill symbiont's mind?

Question: Could a Betazoid (skilled or otherwise) read the feelings or thoughts of a Trill symbiont? Is there any evidence in the canon that this is possible?
Comment: There are only three DS9 episodes with Lwaxana in them, and I'm pretty sure any evidence would have to be in one of them or in "The Host" (which the current answer already discusses). Lwaxana can definitely project emotions onto Jadzia Dax — this happens in both "Fascination" and "The Muse". I don't think there's any evidence of receptive telepathy in either case, and anyway it could always be Jadzia's mind she's affecting. In the third episode ("The Forsaken") they basically don't interact at all.
Comment: Worth mentioning that Trill host-symbiote physiology was rewritten between TNG and DS9- what might have been true in *the Host* concerning telepaths and symbiotes might not be in Ds9 or other shows.
Answer: TNG S4E23 The Host has this dialogue:

PICARD: Counsellor, what is it?
  TROI: It's Ambassador Odan. I continually feel fluctuations of emotion from him.
  PICARD: Perhaps it's perfectly normal among the Trill.
  TROI: It could be. We know so very little about them.
  PICARD: Yes. Quite.

Unfortunately she says little else about him, but this does make it clear that (half-Betazoid) Counsellor Troi can at least partially feel the emotions of (Trill) Ambassador Odan, so the Trill are not completely immune to Betazoid empathic abilities.
Comment: @Praxis I don't have specific references right now but I believe it was often implied, possibly explicitly stated (been a while since I watched DS9) that the host + symbiont pair was basically one being with a unique new personality that was a combination of the new host, past hosts, and symbiont. It's entirely possible that there *is* no distinction between the host's and symbiont's thoughts after their union develops fully (takes 72 hours or so IIRC). So it may not even make sense to ask if their minds can be read separately. Troi seems to be just as unclear on the details as we are.
Comment: This is a good, relevant piece of dialogue (so +1).  But I should point out the question is asking about the *symbiont* (not the host), where as the dialogue above, at least as presented, doesn't distinguish between the host and symbiont.  Perhaps some context from surrounding dialogue will help to clear it up.
Comment: Unfortunately I couldn't find any context that would make it clear whether she's feeling the host's or the symbiote's emotions (when this quote happens no one even knows the Trill are a race of symbiotes yet). The strongest argument I can think of on that point is that nobody mentions the host's thoughts or feelings once during the entire episode, but that doesn't feel solid enough to put in an answer.
Comment: Yeah, I wouldn't think that a Betazoid would have trouble reading a Trill---they are "typical" humanoids, after all. The symbiont is another story. Though didn't Troi sense that Nagilum was a very powerful mind? Didn't she partially read Armus? If she could read these non-humanoids, maybe a Trill symbiont would be child's play in comparison.


WinForms DataGridView font size

Question: How do I change font size on the DataGridView?
Comment: Note your probably also want to change the row height if you are increasing the font size http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3370236/changing-the-row-height-of-a-datagridview
Answer: In winform datagrid, right click to view its properties. It has a property called DefaultCellStyle. Click the ellipsis on DefaultCellStyle, then it will present Cell Style Builder window which has the option to change the font size.
Its easy.
Comment: Better answer IMHO since it lets you do it at design time.
Answer:     private void UpdateFont()
    {
        //Change cell font
        foreach(DataGridViewColumn c in dgAssets.Columns)
        {
            c.DefaultCellStyle.Font = new Font("Arial", 8.5F, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
        }
    }

Comment: You can get a reference to the font used in the DataGridView with DataGridView.DefaultCellStyle.Font
Comment: How do I find out which font is used by default? Say I just want to change the existing font a bit. I get a `NullReferenceException` though.
Answer: The straight forward approach:
this.dataGridView1.DefaultCellStyle.Font = new Font("Tahoma", 15);

Comment: You are THE BEST. THANX
Answer: For changing particular single column font size use following statement
DataGridView.Columns[1].DefaultCellStyle.Font = new Font("Verdana", 16, FontStyle.Bold);
Answer: I too experienced same problem in the DataGridView but figured out that the DefaultCell style was inheriting the font of the groupbox (Datagrid is placed in groupbox). So changing the font of the groupbox changed the DefaultCellStyle too.
Regards
Answer: I think it's easiest:
First set any Label as you like (Italic, Bold, Size etc.)
  And:
yourDataGridView.Font = anyLabel.Font;

Answer: 1st Step:
Go to the form where datagridview is added
2nd step:
click on the datagridview at the top right side there will be displayed a small button of like play icon or arrow to edit the datagridview.
3rd step:
click on that button and select edit columns now click the attributes you want to increase font size.
4th step:
on the right side of the property menu the first on the list column named defaultcellstyle click on its property a new window will open to change the font and font size.
Answer: In DataGridView, right click properties,
In RowTemplate > DefaultCellStyle change the Font Size,
It worked for me
Answer: Use the Font-property on the gridview. See MSDN for details and samples:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.forms.datagridview.font.aspx
Answer: Go to designer.cs file of the form in which you have the grid view and comment the following line: -
//this.dataGridView1.AlternatingRowsDefaultCellStyle = dataGridViewCellStyle1;
if you are using vs 2008 or .net framework 3.5 as it will be by default applied to alternating rows.
Comment: leora questions was about changing font not removing the RowsDefaultCellStyle
Answer: '   Cell style
 With .DefaultCellStyle
     .BackColor = Color.Black
     .ForeColor = Color.White
     .Font = New System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 11.0!,
   System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular,
   System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, CType(0, Byte))
      .Alignment = DataGridViewContentAlignment.MiddleRight
 End With

WinForms DataGridView font size


difference between blastula and blastocyst

Question: What is the difference between these 2 terms. I believe that blastocyst is for animals, but structurally is there any difference? And how would you be able to identify each?
Answer: A blastula is a hollow ball of cells, while the blastocyst occurs slightly later in mammalian development and has a defined inner mass and an outer layer of trophoblast.


How to convert 6V AC to 5V DC

Question: I'm looking to convert 6v AC (.5A) to 5v DC for use in charging a phone via USB. idealy a relatively inexpensive pre existing solution would be perfect, but I've been unable to find anything like that online so I'm curious how I might go about building my own. Would this be a PWM circuit? a transformer? what is the easiest and most cost effective solution.
Comment: edited, it is indeed AC
Comment: Your title says 6V AC but your text says 6V DC. Which is it?
Answer: You need two basic blocks, one to convert the AC voltage to DC and another to step down and regulate the resulting DC voltage.
To rectify the AC to a DC you need a full bridge with a smoothing capacitor

image source
In the output of this you'll get about 6v x 1.414 ~ 8.44v - 1.4v = 7v (the 1.4v drop is caused by the bridge diodes), then you only need to connect a regulator to step this down to 5v.
One option is a linear regulator like LM7805 (note that it needs about 7-7.5v in the input so it may be a bad choice). The schematic in this case looks like the following

If the input voltage is not high enough then you should use low dropout regulator like LM1117 that needs just 6.2v input for 5v output.

Both the mentioned models are linear regulator, what this means is that they vary their series resistance in accordance with the load in order to keep a constant output voltage. Because of that working principle they dissipate the excess power as heat, that power is the product of input/output voltage difference and load current.
A more efficient option is a switching regulator that has a different principle and operates as a fast switch that changes the duty cycle in order to keep the output voltage constant.
An example of such a regulator is LM2596. The specific device needs 7v min for 5v output and the circuit looks like

You can use either solution (as long as the input of the regulator is withing specs).
Comment: As an alternative to the LM1117 low dropout regulator, you might be able to make up the voltage by replacing the standard bridge, at 1.4 volts total drop by using low voltage drop Schottky diodes.  [This one](https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/toshiba-semiconductor-and-storage/CUS08F30-H3F/CUS08F30H3FCT-ND/5114376) has a forward voltage drop of 0.35 volts at 500mA and 25 deg Celsius, for a total voltage drop of 0.7 -- half of the 1.4-volts the regular diode bridge will cost you.  So 8.44v -0.7v leaves about 7.74 volts. You may not need the LDO, & it will save heat (if using switcher).
Answer: 6 v AC can be rectified to about 7.1 volts dc. Add a smoothing capacitor then a low drop out voltage regulator and this should be fine, even if the ac voltage dropped 10%. Depending on current drawn, you may need a small heatsink on the regulator.
You need to check the phone charging current to prove it works on paper but, the above will work for moderate charging currents up to 250mA. This is an indication so you can check you are in the right ballpark for the phone.

How to convert 6V AC to 5V DC


Counting number of ideals in quadratic number field

Question: Let $K$ be a quadratic number field and $R$ be its number ring, and if $a(n)$ denotes number of ideals of norm $n$, if $n$ is a prime number, then number of ideals of norm $n$ is $1+(d|n)$, where $d$ is the discriminant of $K$ and $(d|n)$ is Legendre-Jacobi-Kronecker symbol. I wantn to find the number of ideals of norm $p^m$ where $p$ is a prime and $m$ is natural number greater than $1$.
Answer: To avoid misunderstanding, I first reprove your assertion in the case $n=$ a prime $p$ (excluding the particular case $p=2$). A rational odd prime $p$ decomposes in a quadratic field $K$ of discriminant $D$ in 3 possible manners : (i) $p \mid D, p$ is totally ramified, i.e.  $(p)=P^2, N(P)=p$ ; (ii) $p \nmid D$, and $(\frac Dp)=1$ iff $p$ splits, i.e. $(p)=P.P', N(P)=N(P')=p$ ; (iii) $p \nmid D$, and $(\frac D p)=-1$ iff $p$ is inert, i.e. $(p)=P^2, N(P)=p^2$ . Considering these 3 cases, as well as the uniqueness of prime factorization in a Dedekind ring, one gets immediately that the number $a(p)$ of ideals of norm $p$ is $1$ if $p \mid D$, resp. $1+(\frac Dp)$ if $p \nmid D$ .
The calculation of $a(p^m)$ proceeds exactly in the same way because of the uniqueness of prime decomposition : if you have a prime decomposition of $(p)$, then you get a prime decomposition of $(p^m)$, and uniqueness tells you that this is the only possible decomposition of $(p^m)$. Examining the 3 cases and recalling that the norm of ideals is a multiplicative function, you get that $a(p^m)=a(p)$ in the first 2 cases since $N(P^m)=p^m$. In the 3-rd case, you have $(p^{2k})=P^{4k}, N(P^k)=p^{2k}$ and $a(p^{2k})=1$, whereas $a(p^{2k+1})=0$ obviously.
Comment: You should mention you are using quadratic reciprocity to go from $(\frac{\delta}{p})$ to $(\frac{p}{D})$. It is condensed in $a(n) = (\frac{.}{D}) \ast 1 = \prod_{p^k \| n} (\sum_{m=0}^k (\frac{p^m}{D}))$.
Comment: In the split case, there are more than $a(p)$ ideals of norm $p^m$, no? If $\mathfrak{p}_1$ and $\mathfrak{p}_2$ are the two prime ideals of $K$ lying over $p$, then $\mathfrak{p}_1^n \mathfrak{p}_2^{m-n}$ for any $0 \leq n \leq m$ should give an ideal of norm $p^m$. So there should be $m + 1$ such ideals, whereas $a(p) = 2$, right?


How do I install drivers for a Canon LBP-2900 printer?

Question: I seen many times how people describe how to's about LBP-2900, and 10-12 steps from start to end of how to download, unpack, build driver, fix driver, make it work... Could be there some .deb package with ready-to-go driver for Ubuntu? This printer is very popular...
Comment: See also: [How to make LBP-1120 Canon printer work?](http://askubuntu.com/a/106260)
Comment: See also: [Can't get my Canon LBP printer to run under Ubuntu 14.04](http://askubuntu.com/questions/463289/cant-get-my-canon-lbp-printer-to-run-under-ubuntu-14-04/464334?noredirect=1#comment639466_464334)
Answer: For the printer, there is a script that should help you do this with little effort - my source is here.
You need to download the script from the Canon Website (you will need to extract this archive). Running the script from a terminal is easy: sudo ./canonLBP_install.sh LBP2900
Answer: What did you do so far?
Setting up a LBP-Printer recently, I had to replug the USB after installing, and to restart ccpd.
Configure your printer in the browser: http://localhost:631/admin
Then, in a Shell, do:
sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd status
sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd restart
sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd status

Answer: For 11.10
I installed a Canon-LBP- printer on my sisters Ubuntu machine. It was a hard riddle, involving several downloads, unplugging and replugging the USB, and finally it printed, but refused to print after reboot.
There are two daemons to be started in /etc/init.d which were installed to automatically start, but sometimes, one of them, failed.
Do a
ps -c ccpd

to check, whether ccpd was started and is running, and if not
sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd restart

If it is running,
sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd status

which should show two port numbers. Afaik, I had to restart ccpd
sudo /etc/init.d/ccpd restart

to bring the printer back. In /var/log/cups/error_log you could find more informations about errors. The first character means:

d debug
i information
w warning
e error

with increasing severity to the bottom. Maybe you have to activate logging and increase the loglevel (direction up) to get more information.
Answer: For 13.10

Clean install the Ubuntu 13.10
Download the drivers from the following link
http://www.ssldirectory.com/downloads/files/drivers/canon/lbpxxxx/raducotescu-CanonCAPTdriver-2401-updated%20by%20unixmen-.tar.gz
(Remember that there are many other scrips also from radu (other versions) and other writers, which I have tried but none of that worked for me on Ubuntu 13.10)
Extract the files
Follow the instruction in readme file or
Open terminal, CD to the folder where files are extracted
run the command
$sudo ./canonLBP_install.sh LBP2900

(Replace the printer number of your printer LBPXXXX)
Open System Settings -> Printer -> set "LBP2900" printer as Default
Restart PC

Resources:

Radu Cotescu for great Script http://radu.cotescu.com/how-to-install-canon-lbp-printers-in-ubuntu/
Unixmen
Raqa.net
Comment: I Done but it didn't work. It returned an error as same as [this one](http://askubuntu.com/q/394620/152405).
Comment: There have been some effort for an out-of-the-box script here : https://github.com/dkavraal/CanonCAPTdriver (CAPT 2.60)


Summation of Perceptron not working properly. Getting large summation

Question: So I have a run method which summates the weights of the edges in the artificial neural network with the threshold values of the input nodes.
Sort of like this:

Now my test perceptron should produce a summation of -3, but I am getting a value of 1176!!! What is going on here?
Here is the code that I have written for my run() method, constructor, and my main method.
Constructor:
    public class Perceptron {

//We want to create a variable which will represent the number of weighted edges
//in the 2-dimensional array.
protected int num_weighted_Edges;

//Inside this class we want to create a data field which is a
//2-D array of WeightedEdges. Since the weightedEdges will be in
//double data type, we will create a double type 2-dimensional
//array.
protected WeightedEdge[][] weightedEdges;

protected int[] weights;

//We set a double field named eta equal to 0.05.
protected double eta = 0.05;

//We initialize a constructor which only takes a parameter int n.
public Perceptron(int n){

    //We want to create a new graph which will have n + 1 vertices
    //, where we also want vertex 0 to act like the output node
    //as in a neural network.
    this.num_weighted_Edges = n;

    weights = new int[num_weighted_Edges];

    //First we need to verify that n is a positive real number
    if (num_weighted_Edges < 0){
        throw new RuntimeException("You cannot have a perceptron of negative value");
    }
    else {
        //Test code for testing if this code works.
        System.out.println("A perceptron of " + num_weighted_Edges + " input nodes, and 1 output node was created");
    }

    //Now we create a graph object with "n" number of vertices.
    weightedEdges = new WeightedEdge[num_weighted_Edges + 1][num_weighted_Edges + 1];

    //Create a for loop that will iterate the weightedEdges array.
    //We want to create the weighted edges from vertex 1 and not vertex 0
    //since vertex 0 will be the output node, so we set i = 1.
    for (int i = 1; i < weightedEdges.length; i++){
        for (int j = 0; j < weightedEdges[i].length; j++){
            //This will create a weighted edge in between [1][0]...[2][0]...[3][0]
            //The weighted edge will have a random value between -1 and 1 assigned to it.
            weightedEdges[i][0] = new WeightedEdge(i, j, 1);
        }
    }

}

This is my run() method:
    //This method will take the input nodes, do a quick verification check on it and
//sum up the weights using the simple threshold function described in class to return
//either a 1 or -1. 1 meaning fire, and -1 not firing.
public int run(int[] weights){
    //So this method will act like the summation function. It will take the int parameters
    //you put into the parameter field and multiply it times the input nodes in the
    //weighted edge 2 d array.

    //Setup a summation counter.
    int sum = 0;

    if (weights.length != num_weighted_Edges){
        throw new RuntimeException("Array coming in has to equal the number of input nodes");
    }
    else {
        //We iterate the weights array and use the sum counter to sum up weights.
        for (int i = 0; i < weights.length; i++){
            //Create a nested for loop which will iterate over the input nodes
            for ( int j = 1; j < weightedEdges.length; j++){
                for (int k = 0; k < weightedEdges[j].length; k++){
                    //This takes the weights and multiplies it times the value in the
                    //input nodes. The sum should equal greater than 0 or less than 0.
                    sum += (int) ((weightedEdges[j][0].getWeight()) * i);
                    //Here the plus equals sign takes the product of (weightedEdges[j][0] * i) and
                    //then adds it to the previous value.
                }
            }
        }
    }

    System.out.println(sum);

    //If the sum is greater than 0, we fire the neuron by returning 1.
    if (sum > 0){
        //System.out.println(1); test code
        return 1;
    }
    //Else we don't fire and return -1.
    else {
        //System.out.println(-1); test code
        return -1;
    }

}

This is my main method:
    //Main method which will stimulate the artificial neuron (perceptron, which is the
//simplest type of neuron in an artificial network).
public static void main(String[] args){

    //Create a test perceptron with a user defined set number of nodes.
    Perceptron perceptron = new Perceptron(7);

    //Create a weight object that creates an edge between vertices 1 and 2
    //with a weight of 1.5
    WeightedEdge weight = new WeightedEdge(1, 2, 1.5);

    //These methods work fine.
    weight.getStart();
    weight.getEnd();
    weight.setWeight(2.0);

    //Test to see if the run class works. (Previously was giving a null pointer, but
    //fixed now)
    int[] test_weight_Array = {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1};

    //Tested and works to return output of 1 or -1. Also catches exceptions.
    perceptron.run(test_weight_Array);

    //Testing a 2-d array to see if the train method works.
    int[][] test_train_Array = {{1}, {-1}, {1}, {1}, {1}, {1}, {1}, {1}};

    //Works and catches exceptions.
    perceptron.train(test_train_Array);

}

    }

Comment: anyone help me out here?
Answer: I think you should change
sum += (int) ((weightedEdges[j][0].getWeight()) * i);

to
sum += (int) ((weightedEdges[j][k].getWeight()) * i);

Comment: That gives me a nullpointerexception, it is what I originally had before. I only want the run method to sum up weights [i][0] since that is where my constructor stores weights. Any points further than 0 will give me a null pointer exception because those values are null.


Salesforce gobal search results from api

Question: We've created a simple page that inserts in Salesforce a contact through API.
This page will create a new Contact. Let's suppose we have created a dummy contact named 'Donald Duck'  with our page.
When we use the global search with 'Donald Duck' Salesforce doesn't find out our new contact. We must wait about 5 or 10 minutes before the result come out in the global search.

Notice: if we use the Id of the record returned by the create API, we can enter immediately in the record detail page. So our page works and the record is saved correctly in Salesforce, but the global search doesn't show it immediately.

Does anybody know if there are some tedious limits about global search? ... I didn't find anyone about API created records.
Answer: Yes it can take up to several minutes in a Large Data Volume Org for Salesforce.com to do the Search indexing. Search (At the API Layer SOSL) is different than SObject Querying (SOQL).
http://www.salesforce.com/docs/en/cce/ldv_deployments/salesforce_large_data_volumes_bp.pdf
Search Architecture
Search is the capability to query records based on free-form text. The Salesforce search architecture is based on its own data store, whichis optimized for searching for that text.
Salesforce provides search capabilities in many areas of the application, including:
• The sidebar
• Advanced and global searches
• Find boxes and lookup fields
• Suggested Solutions and Knowledge Base
• Web-to-Lead and Web-to-Case
• Duplicate lead processing
• Salesforce Object Search Language (SOSL) for Apex and the API
For data to be searched, it must first be indexed.
The indexes are created using the search indexing servers, which also generate and
asynchronously process queue entries of newly created or modified data.
These servers generally process queues of fewer than 9,000
records in 1 to 3 minutes.
If more than 9,000 records are waiting to be indexed, the servers perform bulk indexing at a lower priority, so processing might take longer.
Until the records are indexed, they do not show up in searches; this delay might be long for large numbers of new or modified records.
Salesforce performs indexed searches by first searching the indexes for appropriate records, then narrowing down the results based on access permissions, search limits, and other filters. This process creates a result set, which typically contains the most relevant results.
After the result set reaches a predetermined size, the remaining records are discarded. The result set is then used to query the records from the database to retrieve the fields that a user sees.
Tip: Search can also be accessed with SOSL, which in turn can be invoked using the API or Apex.
Comment: no problem. Mostly cut / paste from the attached link. Admittedly it is hard to find that specific nugget of information if you are not familiar with the whole platform. :)
Comment: I tried to search the the document given above for reference of 9000 rows point mentioned but did not find any. Are you sure its authentic source of info? Can you please point me to the exact backbreaking figures?
Comment: Also you may want to take look at my question http://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/146814/bulk-data-load-make-the-global-search-unusable?noredirect=1#comment214036_146814


What is the max Endurance multiplier?

Question: I've been running Endurance levels as of late and was wondering how the multiplier is calculated. So far I've reached x71.57 using Giant only at level 1337. Does anyone know how this is calculated?
Answer: On Gemcraft wiki you can find list of maximum scores for each level.
Comparing this to levels' base XP i got the following results:
When there are no buildings (you can't get destroy all monster nests amulet) max score multiplier is x40373.79.
With some nests on a level max multiplier is x40898,12

What is the max Endurance multiplier?


Instagram 429 Error during SEO Scanning

Question: All pages (14000+, due to master layout) have a link to the Instagram brand page, and for some reason the SEO scanning tool is citing a 429 error for only one of the pages. I'm thinking it's rate limiting the scanning bot, and wanted to see if adding a no-follow would solve that or not?
Comment: If you have the same link on every page, an SEO scanner shouldn't fetch it more than once per crawl, even if multiple pages link to it. What SEO scanning tool are you using? It sounds like it has a bug.
Answer: 429 error fires if Instagram detects (or guess to detect) suspicial (automated) activities on account. I think your crawler tries to access Instagram pages through their external links.
Try to exclude Instagram links from crawling. I would in any case nofollow them.

Instagram 429 Error during SEO Scanning


Enforce a secured protocol over public api

Question: I have implemented my product's HTTP(REST) API as a public API.
Although my server only allows HTTPS, I don't have any control over the clients.
I have vendors implementing clients to my API, and I am wondering if there is any kind of way to protect their end-costumers who will use the vendor's client to communicate with my system - so that the vendor will not be able to use the end-costumer data?
Comment: Is there any reason you can't simply disable HTTP requests and only accept HTTPS requests? Then the vendors' clients wouldn't work unless they used HTTPS. That wouldn't prevent the client from seeing the data though, that's not really possible.
Comment: @AndrolGenhald - HTTP is disabled. this wasn't the question. The question is - is there a way to enforce the client to use some "end to end encryption" style solution - where I am sure that even if the vendor is proxying the client's request to me through their "vendor data collection server" - the part that calls my API will be protected from that 3rd party vendor
Comment: Sorry, it sounded to me like you implemented an HTTP REST api that works both over HTTP and HTTPS
Comment: @AndrolGenhald - In other words - I want to know if there is a way to protect my end-costumers from the vendor who supplies the client. I have a service that ultimately supposed to serve end-costumers, but from business point of view - I am not the one who "brings" the end-costumer to use my product - This is the 3rd party vendor's job.
Answer: You have the control over what you are serving to the client.
This means that if you don't trust your vendor who provides the client then you face the fact that the vendor can see the data your API is transmitting for the client.
The vendor can do anything with that data.
In order to mitigate that, you can do the following:

Use a legal contract that covers this concern, you can't control the vendor client
Encrypt the payload with a key that the only user knows, but that is probably unlikely that the user will have to decrypt/encrypt the traffic, bad user experience.
Take control over the client or at least audit the code per version

As an API, you can only guarantee how the data and which data is delivered, you can't control over the processing of that data on the client side.


How can you get OSX if your hard drive crashed and you don't have the original DVD anymore?

Question: Yesterday my HD died. I thought about buying a new disk and reinstalling, but I can't find the original DVD that came with the machine (it's a MacBook 5.1, it came with 10.5). Suppose I want to buy and install a new operating system, how can I do it, considering that boxed dvds are no longer sold?
Comment: Replacement media are always available from Apple and Box DVD Are also still for sale first party from Apple. What makes you say DVD are no longer sold?
Comment: @bmike: not of lion or mountain lion. They are only available as digital downloads.
Comment: DVD of 10.7 and higher were never made/sold by Apple, so you always need a 10.6.x DVD if you have no OS or one that can't start you on the App Store path.
Answer: In the past AppleCare has been able to send replacement system discs.  I would assume the same holds true today but my only doubt stems from the age of the Mac, since it may be unsupported by AppleCare.  It's definitely worth a call though...

Call 1-800-APLCARE (Or find your Apple support number HERE if you're outside of the US/Canada)
Give them your serial number (found on your Mac, underneath your battery)
Explain that you have misplaced the gray system discs that came with your Mac and that you need replacement discs in order to reinstall your operating system.

Hopefully they are still able to provide replacements!
Comment: I think the telephone number that you have given, would only be applicable to US (and possibly canadian residents), but not to the rest of us.
Comment: @Simon Sorry about that, I've edited my answer to include Apple's directory of international support numbers.
Comment: Thats fine. Thanks for editing, so that we can all find the correct telephone no.
Answer: OS X 10.6 DVDs are still available from Apple for $19.99: http://store.apple.com/us/product/MC573/mac-os-x-106-snow-leopard
Comment: That's interesting, thanks. What is the official policy when osx 10.6 will be dismantled. Will they just provide an embedded ROM with the original OS ?
Comment: I don't think there's any official policy; I'm quite surprised it's still available this late. I wouldn't expect them to spend the effort to be made available in any new forms (and Macs don't have replaceable ROMs, so that's out). In fact, I half suspect that the reason it's still available at all is that they have unsold inventory and they decided it was easier to keep selling it than write it off (in which case it'll probably just vanish from the store when stock runs out).
Comment: Ok, but if in the future you lose the hard drive completely, how are you supposed to reinstall from the media, if you can't even boot the system ?
Comment: No way to tell for sure until it happens. AppleCare (@Mr Rabbit's answer) is likely to work longer, but that's not certain either.
Comment: Apple tends to support the two prior releases of operating systems.  This is seen with the Software Update Service in OS X Server, since it will only serve clients running 10.6 or newer.  It's also possible that Apple has kept 10.6 around just to keep an upgrade path available for older Macs since it's the oldest OS to include the App store, which is obviously necessary for purchasing Lion / Mountain Lion.  Just food for thought.


Ubuntu for Lenovo ThinkPad T60

Question: Can you recommend a most stable and compatible but fast Ubuntu version for Lenovo T60 2008-jl6 with 1 GB RAM ? and where can I find all the other compatible driver for finger print, touch pad, etc ?
Where can I find the setup CD for your recommended version ?
Answer: You could install Ubuntu inst 12.04 or 13.04.  But I recommend that you install Xubuntu 13.04.

Xubuntu is an elegant and easy-to-use operating system. Xubuntu comes
  with Xfce, which is a stable, light and configurable desktop
  environment.
Xubuntu is perfect for those who want the most out of their desktops,
  laptops and netbooks with a modern look and enough features for
  efficient, daily usage. It works well on older hardware too.Xubuntu

You can download the DVD Here  Once downloaded you can burn the ISO to DVD, and boot from it, or create a bootable USB flash drive.  To burn the DVD you can use ImgBurn, and for the USB you can use UNetbootin.

Ubuntu for Lenovo ThinkPad T60


What does a magic weapon's plus apply to?

Question: When a PC finds a +1 weapon, what stat or stats increase by one?  For example, in the Lost Mine of Phandelver adventure in the Starter Set, there is a +1 Longsword. What does it do?
Answer: From the Basic D&D DM book p60

Weapon, +1,+2,+3
You have a bonus to attack and damage rolls made with
this magic weapon. The bonus is determined by the
weapon's rarity

So you get a bonus to your attack and damage rolls with a +1 weapon.
Answer: Flip your Lost Mines booklet to "Appendix A: Magic Items" on page 52. The "Item Descriptions" heading tells you how to read magic item descriptions. The "+1 Weapon" subheading says in part (same page, emphasis mine for clarity):

You have a +1 bonus to the attack rolls and damage rolls you make with this weapon.
Answer: No "stat" receives the bonus. In some other game systems, it may be common for magic weapons to also give a bonus to a stat, or indeed only to a stat, but in D&D a magic item "+1" has generally meant that it provides the bonus for using that item.
For items that are actively used, that means directly to the checks made with that item for that item's intended purpose; for a weapon, that's +1 to attack and damage, as others have said. Absent clarifying remarks in the source material, I would also expect a set of "Lockpicks +1" to give that bonus to attempts to pick locks; magical "Rope +1" I would expect to confer that bonus to any check to use the rope (e.g., to tie it to something, possibly before climbing with it). The climb itself, though, is not construed as using the rope, so "Rope +1" would not necessarily help the climb check; on the other hand, "Rope of Climbing +1" I would expect to only provide the bonus to the climb check made with the rope, because "Climbing" is that rope's stated intended purpose.
Passive magic items work only slightly differently; they add to whatever target number an opponent must meet when they are making a check. The most obvious example of that being armor; magic Armor +1 adds the bonus to the wearer's Armor Class.
There are items that modify stats directly, but they are explicit about doing so.
Answer: If it's a +1 sword then you get a +1 to each attack.  When you roll damage you'd get a +1 to each damage roll.
Basic Rules page 170

Weapon, +1, +2, or +3
  Weapon (any), uncommon (+1), rare (+2), or very rare (+3)
  You have a bonus to attack and damage rolls made
  with this magic weapon. The bonus is determined by the weapon's rarity

The rarity is indicated by the italics.
Comment: You might want to clarify that you get +1 to each attack *roll* and attack *damage*


What is "Bardem será nominado para los Oscar" in the active voice?

Question: How would the sentence "Sin duda Bardem será nominado de nuevo para los Oscar" be rewritten in the active voice? In English I can't even think what it would be.
Comment: The key to this type of problem is that if there is no subject jumping out at you, you have to make one up.  "Bardem will be nominated by some movie critics" *does* give you a subject, do you see?  But "Bardem will be nominated" doesn't.  But to make an active sentence **you have to have a subject** -- so it's up to you to supply it.  Once you have that, it will be smooth sailing -- just find the main verb and conjugate it.  That gives you the basic structure of the sentence and you can fill in the bits and pieces.
Answer: Just as in English:

The Academy / They will nominate Bardem for the Oscars.

we can also say in Spanish:

La Academia nominará / Nominarán a Bardem para los Oscar.


Add radio button or check box in approval layout page

Question: is it possible if I want to put a radio button or check box in this page? I want to ask user(manager) either it is a final approval or not. If it is possible, may I know how?
Answer: I dont think currently it is possible to add input fields to the Approve/Reject Approval Request Page.
There is already an idea which exists for the same.
You can go ahead an Upvote for it so that it can be picked by the Salesforce team for upcoming releases.Please check the merged ideas too.
Please find the link below :
https://trailblazer.salesforce.com/ideaView?id=08730000000kP95AAE
https://trailblazer.salesforce.com/ideaView?id=08730000000BpZzAAK
Also you can refer the below link if you are looking for some custom solution or a workaround for this:
Custom fields not useable in Approve/Reject Approval Request


Good Security tool for PHP- Suhosin vs Spike vs PHPIDS

Question: Do I have to check/test my code beforehand, or do these tools inform me when an attempt is being made in real time? Secondly, which one should I go for -- Suhosin or Spike or PHPIDS or a combo?  What are the differences between them?
Comment: for apache security, check the answers to this question: http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/77/apache-server-hardening
Comment: I removed the second question about apache, in order to keep the question focused on one question at a time... Also, the apache part is a duplicate.
Answer: Spike is a static analysis tool and you should run it on your code before deploying it on your server. It will attempt to highlight any potential programming error which you will then need to take action to fix.
Suhosin and PHPIDS will alert when an attack / event is detected in real time.
Suhosin in my experience is more about run time protection as opposed to alerting potential attacks. However it will alert on events such as scripts trying to raise memory limits and other such actions.
I have never personally deployed PHPIDS, but looking at the features that it provides you may also want to consider Apache mod_security. With mod_security it will detect events such as SQL Injection and depending on the configuration it can be logged, blocked, logged & blocked, or some other action can be taken.


Can anyone recommend a free strong and good chess engine for endgame?

Question: I am looking for good and chess engine for endgame but unfortunately when I test engine with competitive chess players in online,it fails with calculation ability. Please recommend apart from fish family chess engines.Please note I have made ground search in google. thanks for your time
Comment: What's so bad about the fish engines?
Comment: @Annatar. I do not have any conflict with fish family.I love it. I use multiple chess engines in GUI so I already possess fish family thats why thanks for your time
Answer: Stockfish with Syzygy 6-man tablebase.
Comment: thanks for immediate answer.I am looking for engine apart from fish family.
Comment: Houdini and Komodo with Syzygy 6-man tablebase... @Ram
Comment: Thanks again for quick answer both are commercial any luck for free and open apart from fish family.
Comment: @Ram: At least one of them offers older versions for free.
Answer: Current top engines almost have no problems with endgames, with the exception
of some fortresses, so either one of the best 3 will do just fine.
Years ago it was possible to beat top chess engines even in simple pawn endgames, but not anymore.
Tablebases improve engine play with a small amount of elos, depending on time control and the set used. 5-men would add +5-15 elos, 6-men up to 30, so this is still something, but nothing to marvel at.
7-men would do fine job, but still only commercially available.


Linux library that handles both GUI/textual mode user interfaces

Question: I am looking for some Linux library/programming language that can be used on a variety of Linux platforms and can operate in both textual and GUI mode interfaces.
For example YCP (the Yast programming language) will display in GUI if in Gnome/KDE environment and run in text/ncurses mode when display is not available. The problem is that YCP is SUSE specific.
Any ideas will be appreciated!
Comment: possible duplicate of [GUI/TUI linux library](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/40259/gui-tui-linux-library)
Comment: This looks like a dupe of [this question](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/40259/gui-tui-linux-library/173890). The answers there may be helpful.
Answer: Your assumption is not correct, the part of YaST that allows to have
text(ncurses)/graphical(qt, gtk) user interfaces is not tied to YaST itself.
Actually libyui only requires the standard C++ library and phtreads (IIRC). The UI plugins require of course the respective libraries (Qt, ncurses). YaST uses libyui via a set of YCP bindings that export a YCP like API on top of libyui.
The library is a bit lowlevel (one layer below an event loop), my colleage Klaus Kämpf wrote about using it some time ago in his blog, including binding to scripting languages it using swig.
The only part that is SUSE specific is the packaging, so you would need to package it yourself. Stackoverflow did not allow me to link more than once. The code of the library is linked from Klaus blog. Replace libyui for "qt" and "ncurses" for the plugin's code.
Answer: Although it may be different from what you need, the CCC project is nice environment that works under windows and linux as well. It is a Clipper to C++ compiler to let the old Clipper programs survive. They can work in terminal mode and with e. g. GTK as well.
Unfortunately the documentations are mostly in Hungarian.
Answer: Here, they have screenshots side-by-side: http://www.fship.com/vfs.html
BTW, I use FlagShip, but for web programming.


Is the story progression time based or event based?

Question: In other words, is it possible to delay the story progression (and therefore tougher enemies) through not researching certain artifacts and not doing certain missions? Is it possible to "fail" story missions or suffer other consequences by not doing them for prolonged time?
Comment: nvm, this isn't a dupe, my bad
Answer: From what I've been finding, the story mode is all unlock based.  You have to research certain items or go to certain places for the story to unfold.  However, this does not stop bigger and badder enemies from coming out at you.  There are a few story-based enemies that come out, such as the Outsider or the Sectoid Commander.  But I found that by delaying the main story and just playing the game, you get harder enemies, whether you like it or not.  For example, I had to build a certain thing in game, but have put it off for a few months.  As the months went by, I started to get harder things, like Cyberdisks and Berserkers.  I'm sure if I keep this up, I'll find new and interesting aliens as well.
Comment: Yes it is possible to just keep playing forever if you avoid building/researching certain key things. Finishing the story finishes the game, you can't keep going.
Comment: So, is it possible to just keep playing forever? And if you trigger all the story, do you get the option to keep playing, or is it game over?


Medical school admissions vs. STEM PhD admissions in the United States

Question: I read an article in the past - I forget the source now, but I believe it was credible - about how American STEM PhD programs (and master's programs) admit a lot of qualified international students, e.g. from China and India, in order to help fill the skills gaps in the U.S., but an interesting phenomenon was that American medical schools don't act in the same way, effectively not admitting international students and preserving the acceptance slots for American students.  If this is indeed true, why is that the case?  Doesn't the United States have a skills gap in medicine and a shortage of medical doctors?
Comment: As for doctors, there are tons of people who want to go to med school but can't get in because of stiff competition. The number and size of MD programs is the bottleneck.
Comment: To substantiate the claim: "In 2014, 1,901 foreign applicants applied to M.D.-granting programs in the United States and 409 of those applicants were accepted. Of those accepted, 300 matriculated into medical school." https://students-residents.aamc.org/applying-medical-school/article/applying-international-applicant/ Stated reasons I've found is few slots (but not exactly why the slots are reserved), and scarce funding - most people going to med school must self-fund in some way. https://www2.clarku.edu/departments/prehealth/resources/international.cfm
Comment: The STEM skills gap is mostly a myth. Only in computer science (and maybe statistics) is there arguably a lack of qualified people, relative to the job opportunities available.
Answer: This may have changed but we studied cartels in college and the American Medical Association (AMA) was called a cartel by my professor.
In the US the AMA not only sanctions the medical schools but puts a count on how many students can be accepted. Since there are a limited number of slots competition is more fierce.
There is no external body limiting STEM or other graduate school departments.
STEM and other PhD can get grants as they are producing a product (thesis) that can be (and often is) sponsored.
In medical school the only product is medical training for the student. There is little to no incentive to sponsor a medical degree.
Comment: Please check my edits and roll back if you're not comfortable with them.  The main thing was that I removed the editorial comment at the end, which isn't relevant to the question.  (By the way, what you mentioned is not the only factor.)
Answer: An important difference between graduate education in the arts and sciences (and engineering) and graduate education in professional schools (fields such as medicine, law, and business) in the US is that most graduate students in science and engineering are financially supported by teaching or research assistantships that cover tuition and pay a stipend for living expenses, while most students in the professional fields pay tuition (as much as $100,000 per year for medical school.)
Very few international students can afford to pay tuition for these professional programs.
Most of the US citizens in these programs take on substantial student loan debt with the expectation that they'll earn enough after graduation to pay off their debt.  For students in medicine and business, this has worked fairly well.
Comment: Yes, you're entirely right that funding matters here, and it probably creates an additional selection effect. As you say, the pool of international students who would actually attend U.S. medical schools is small because of cost, and they probably tend to be richer. But even among wealthy international students, those who are more academically talented would probably often apply to academic graduate education instead of med school, because of cost. (Talented international students who deeply want to be doctors might train in a different country or seek an MD-PhD program for cost purposes.)
Comment: _Very few international students can afford to pay tuition for these professional programs_ I am not too sure about that. I do know that there are a lot of wealthy parents want to send their kids to US medical school, but can't because they could not get the admission. Many of those wealthy parents have money like tens of millions USD$ and they are willing to spend millions of USD$ just to send their kids to American medical school. Medical doctors have the highest social level in here (Taiwan).
Comment: By _a lot_ in my comment above I do mean at least hundreds of thousands. Hundreds of thousands of dollars is nothing to them


One magento web site for two hostings

Question: We have a website created on magento cms. It is on server located in Russia. Now we want this site to work in China. But our chinese partners say that their internet is slow and our site will be very slow. That's why they want our site to work also on their hosting (in China) but at the same time it has to be synchronized with our site (catalog, customers,orders). Is this a good idea? Or maybe there is a the best decision of this?
Answer: You're probably best off using a VPS in Hong Kong or somewhere near China. The latency these days with a server on the other side of the world is pretty low.
My suggestion would be just to test it and run it from one server.

One magento web site for two hostings


Drivers related to audio device and the relation to their sound quality

Question: I've come across a suprising problem. I just plugged a USB headset to my laptop and started recording some voices using audacity. This was very noisy and not just the ambient noise but noise of tweaks from the microphone.
But, when I use skype's echo testing service, to my big surprise, the same voice,(with no greater loudness that I had recorded earlier with), is crystal clear.
I tested both samples at my own room, using the same headset.(since I wanted to record my voice), I can't use skype's testing service to do recording, I wanted to know if there were any other other programs where I could record and be able to actually output the recording.
Answer: You can record sounds using FFMPEG from the command line.
Here are some examples of capture with FFMPEG on Windows operating system.
To list your input devices:
ffmpeg -list_devices true -f dshow -i dummy

To record from microphone:
ffmpeg -f dshow -i audio="Microphone" output.wav

Bonus: another tutorial!
Comment: You need to install it first ([download page is here](https://ffmpeg.zeranoe.com/builds/)), and either run it from the directory in which the binaries are, or set the given directory in your [PATH environment variable](http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000549.htm).
Comment: do you happen to know something about the "skype" thing I mentioned above? Like it's because of it's algorithm or something?
Comment: It's hard to figure out the origin of the problem out of the blue... maybe Skype and Audacity use different input, configure them differently, process it differently... What happens when you record with FFMPEG?
Comment: cmd says it doesn't recognize the command ffmpeg
Comment: thanks, that worked as well, though I had already marked the above
Answer: There are few commercial denoise plugins (e.g. WNS) for DAW software, but Audacity has also built-in denoise function (filter/effect to use after recording).
Comment: that did it, I didn't use much of audacity so I didn't know


How do you create an outdoor map without letting in leaks?

Question: With the Source engine, I want to make a map in the outdoors (similar to something like Dust2 or Inferno) but not let in leaks due to the open top part of the map. Is there a way I can do it without the leaks?
Comment: Having used Source, I can say with utmost certainty that the engine doesn't support that kind of environment. Every level needs to be contained in a box, be it a Skybox or what have you. It's just the way the engine operates. Granted, you could just have one massive skybox.
Comment: @Krythic If you want to post an answer, post one. Posting a comment and getting upset when people post an answer with similar ideas isn't reasonable. Post your answer and the community can decide by votes which is best for this question.
Answer: This is done with a skybox. In reality, the maps are still closed; they are simply using a special material which marks the space as to render the skybox, which is what ends up looking like the sky. Therefore, you must enclose the level with the "tools/toolsskybox" texture, while leaving sufficient space for things like grenade throws to happen. There are multiple versions of skyboxes, I suggest you read through the VDC article here.


Can I place  in a comment?

Question: I would like to use the  tag in a comment to refer to a keyboard shortcut. Is there a reason why this doesn't seem to be possible? I've tried it at the webapps stackexchange.
Answer: No, you cannot.
Comments only support a very limited form of markdown syntax, affectionately called "mini-markdown". And they definitely don't support HTML tags, which are required for  to work.
It's relatively rare to need to display keyboard shortcuts in comments. If you need this much formatting, you should probably be posting an answer instead.
As a workaround hack, use inline code formatting to make keyboard shortcuts stand out. For example:
Press `Alt`+`F4` to solve your problem.

produces:
Press Alt+F4 to solve your problem.
Comment: so why do comments support only a very limited form of markdown?
Comment: `Windows`,`->`,`->`,`Enter` also solves it.
Comment: I was asking about sup and sub and got redirected here. could not pose that as an answer as I was trying to suggest an edit to the poster. I could have done the edit but it would have been too intrusive as it would have replaced author's notations without author's consent. so the "better of having an answer" argument doesn't hold for my case thus it is invalid there. also, I've expected some harder reason.
Comment: Ok sure, I'll do that. I was just wondering if there were any possibilities. I wanted to refer to a keyboard shortcut that someone posted and it was definitely not an answer.
Comment: @n611 "It's relatively rare to need to display keyboard shortcuts in comments. If you need this much formatting, you should probably be posting an answer instead."
Comment: I would like to mention it would be very nice to be able to do `` in comments because right now I'm putting a comment to a newcomer that they can select text and press `Ctrl` + `K` to add the inline code formatting, and I think it would be a lot neater and clearer if it was shown as keys instead of being displayed the same as the code that will also be in the comment.
Comment: @bobobobo why are you using win? and you could just unplug the power.
Comment: I've been using the website for over 6 years, I've posted thousands or more comments, and I don't think I've ever once wanted to use HTML tags in a comment. I think "the feature doesn't exist because it isn't important and thus isn't worth the time to implement it" is reason enough. Also, if more formatting was allowed in comments, it would be subject to abuse, which is a problem since comments can't be edited by others. Why would you need superscript and subscript text in a comment? And if you actually think that presentation would improve the answer, then you should suggest the edit. @n611
Comment: `Windows` ,`->`,`->`,`Enter` is *kinder* than `Windows` ,`->`,`Enter`

Can I place  in a comment?


Sending SIGINT from keyboard to piped commands in bash

Question: If in bash I run a | b | c | d on the command line and then press ^C, which process gets the signal?
Answer: In short, they all do.
When setting up a pipeline, the shell creates a process group. ^C is interpreted by the kernel's line discipline as the user's request to interrupt the process group currently running in the foreground. Sending a signal such as SIGINT to a process group automatically delivers the signal to all processes in the group.
Answer: I like experimentation better:
#!/bin/bash
# FILE /tmp/bla.sh
# trap ctrl-c and call ctrl_c()
trap ctrl_c INT

MY_ID=$1 # Identifier for messages

function ctrl_c() {
    echo >&2 "GOODBYE $MY_ID"
    exit
}

# This will continue until interrupted, e.g. if the input/output get closed
cat
# If we somehow got to the end
echo >&2 "grace $MY_ID"

Chaining them, running and breaking them
nitz@mars:~$ /tmp/bla.sh 1 | /tmp/bla.sh 2
^CGOODBYE 2
GOODBYE 1
0

As you can see, both executions got the interrupt signal, meaning they all get killed. Furthermore, the order in which they output that they were killed is random, e.g.:
nitz@mars:~$ /tmp/bla.sh 1 | /tmp/bla.sh 2 | /tmp/bla.sh 3 | /tmp/bla.sh 4
^CGOODBYE 2
GOODBYE 4
GOODBYE 1
GOODBYE 3

Comment: "Furthermore, the order in which they output that they were killed is random" thanks a ton! I think this is really important.
Answer: Building on the excellent (I also love experimentation) answer by @Nitz, if you do not want all the processes to get the signal, you can use bash process substitution (thanks to this answer).
Here's an example that shows the 1 process does get the signal, but the 2 and 3 processes do not.
$ /tmp/bla.sh 1 > >(/tmp/bla.sh 2 | /tmp/bla.sh 3)
^CGOODBYE 1
grace 2
grace 3

You can also redirect stderr and it still works.
My use case was trying to filter output from a command that is the entrypoint for a docker container, but I don't want to mess with signal handling of the main process.
Edit: there seem to be some buffering issues for some combinations of commands, but I don't understand why. So, this may not suit your use case.
# no buffering issues here
(echo 1; sleep 1; echo 2; sleep 2; echo 3) > >(cat)
(echo 1; sleep 1; echo 2; sleep 2; echo 3) > >(cat | cat | cat)
(echo 1; sleep 1; echo 2; sleep 2; echo 3) > >(cat | grep -v blah)
# no output until original command finishes for this *shrugs*
(echo 1; sleep 1; echo 2; sleep 2; echo 3) > >(grep -v blah | cat)


If you speak with dead and then resurrect, will the resurrected remember?

Question: If you cast speak with dead and then resurrection, will the resurrected remember the details of the conversation while dead, the people he spoke with, their identity, and so on?
Comment: I think someone's been reading Order of the Stick...
Comment: @YogoZuno: hell yeah :)
Answer: No, the resurrected doesn't remember.
Quote from Speak with the Dead PHB 281

This spell does not let you actually speak
  to the person (whose soul has departed). It
  instead draws on the imprinted knowledge
  stored in the corpse. The partially
  animated body retains the imprint of the
  soul that once inhabited it, and thus it can
  speak with all the knowledge that the
  creature had while alive. The corpse,
  however, cannot learn new information.
  Indeed, it can't even remember being
  questioned.

The soul of the dead body is off wherever those souls go, this spell is using the residual memories of the actual body to answer questions, so the resurrected have no idea if they've been interrogated or not
Answer: Ultimately I think it's up to the DM, there's nothing that states that a character remembers anything about events that happened after their death on revival. Nor is there anything that suggests they don't remember events that happened after their death either.  I know if I was running, I would probably go with a vague, 'you don't remember any specific details but have some vague notion of events after death such as billowing heavenly clouds, or burning brimstone pits'. In that case it might be remembered as seeing a vague silhouette with lips silently moving, but no recollection of exactly what words were used.
Of course the flip side is that this is a world of magic, and magic does what magic does. If you think a character should have full recollection of events after death, and your DM agrees with it go for it. If you think that the afterlife should be mysterious and vague, but that since your soul is briefly called back to your body in some fashion for speak with dead those events are clear, then that's fine too.
Ultimately it's gonna come down to DM fiat one way or the other, but as long as the rules are internally consistent I'd be fine with it either way.
Answer: I've always felt like there's an afterlife in most 3.5 settings and that resurrection is just bringing them back. As such, it's definitely fair to say that the individual is conscious when they are between coming back to life, and would remember what happens. They may not necessarily associate it correctly, but they wouldn't necessarily be worse at it.
EDIT: Ah, it's referring to a specific spell; in which case I'd say that it only is discovered if the dead character is spectating (probably a GM fiat thing), or if they scry it out.


Move the page border towards the right in Word 2007

Question: By default, if I add a border to my page, it creates the border line after some 5 pts from the leftmost of the page. Is there any way that I can increase this size? I want the left border to be created after 10 pts. Is there a way to achieve this Word 2007?
Answer: Yes
In the Page Layout tab, in the Page Background tab click on borders
In the Page Border tab, click options (near the cancel button)
In here, you can change it (assuming you've applied the border to the whole document and not just some text), but you're limited here by how much you can increase it by, however, to increase it by a small amount like 5pts you should be fine.


Sieve of eratosthenes infinite primes

Question: I don't understand why the sieve of eratosthenes doesn't prove an infinite number of primes.  For example the number 2 eliminates 1/2 of an infinite number of numbers.  The next prime, 3, eliminates 1/3 of the remainder, not 1/3 of all the numbers and so on.  5 would eliminate 1/5 of the remaining numbers.
Why doesn't that prove an infinite number of primes?
Thanks
Comment: Welcome to this site, the sieve of Eratosthenes doesn't prove the existence of an infinite number of primes itself, it is just a way "an algorithm" to find all primes which are less than N. But if you want to prove that there are infinitely many primes using this sieve you have to prove that after every k iterations there is always a number which is not eliminated (this is easy you can just take $N=p_1\cdots p_k+1$ but it's not included in Eratosthenes's sieve).
Answer: Your argument is absolutely correct. Suppose the primes are labeled $p_1,p_2,\dots.$ The key observation is that different primes are coprime, so the density of numbers that divide both $p_1$ and $p_2$ is $\frac1{p_1p_2}$ and similarly for other subsets of the primes (this can also be seen as a corollary of the Chinese remainder theorem). Let $A_i$ be the set of all natural numbers which do not divide any of $p_1,p_2,\dots,p_i$. Then \begin{align}d(A_0)&=1,\\
d(A_1)&=d(A_0)\left(1-\frac1{p_1}\right)=\frac{p_1-1}{p_1},\\
d(A_2)&=d(A_1)\left(1-\frac1{p_2}\right)=\frac{p_1-1}{p_1}\frac{p_2-1}{p_2},\\
&\dots\\
d(A_n)&=\prod_{i=1}^n\frac{p_i-1}{p_i},\\
&\dots
\end{align}
In particular, $d(A_n)$ is a product of positive numbers, which is positive, so that $A_n\ne\emptyset$ for every $n$. If there were finitely many primes, we would have $A_n$ empty after we hit all the primes, so this is a valid proof of the infinitude of primes.
Comment: @user3141592 For a subset of the natural numbers $A\subseteq\Bbb N$, $d(A)$ is the [density](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_density) of the set, which can be thought of as the probability that a randomly chosen integer is in the set $A$. (It's not always well-defined, but it is whenever $A$ is periodic, as in this case.)
Comment: Sorry, but what does $d(n)$ mean?
Comment: But then, following your argument and by Mertens' Theorem we would get that as $n \to \infty$, $d(A_n)=\frac{1}{e^\gamma \log(n)}$, which differs from the correct solution given by the PNT by the $e^{-\gamma}$ factor, isn't it?

Sieve of eratosthenes infinite primes


What are the configs to change after you decrypt a LUKS encrypted partition?

Question: I just decrypted my root partition encrypted with LUKS2. But the fstab still shows the root with the /dev/mapper/secret entry with a different UUID than the partition. Do I have to generate the fstab again by using a live USB?
Answer: Don't mix LUKS UUID (from cryptsetup luksDump) with the filesystem UUID (from blkid).
For example:
# df /home
Filesystem          1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cr_home 262011908 245859184  16152724  94% /home
# blkid /dev/sys/home
/dev/sys/home: UUID="8f3a0f07-fe26-4509-9b6e-a98a9589222a" TYPE="crypto_LUKS"
# blkid /dev/mapper/cr_home
/dev/mapper/cr_home: LABEL="home" UUID="11097148-5911-42f6-b372-499d99cc167d" TYPE="xfs"


How can I change my Minecraft username?

Question: I want to change my Minecraft username, but I cannot find a way to do this anywhere. Is this possible? If so, how can I do so?
Answer: Simply said, this is not possible. As stated on the official Mojang site:

Changing usernames
We do not currently support changing, editing, or correcting usernames, though this may be a feature in the future.
  Make sure that you choose wisely; it will be used for your multiplayer
  persona and is visible to others.

However, Mojang is working on a way to make this possible in the future using the new Mojang accounts system. For now though, you can't change it.
Comment: This answer is seriously outdated. At my current point in time (2017) you can change your username every 30 days.
Answer: Follow these steps. A helpful video tutorial can be found here.

Migrate your Minecraft account to a Mojang account at accounts.mojang.com/migrate.
Log in to your Mojang account.
You'll see all the games you play. Next to your Minecraft username you'll see a link to change it.

Hope this helped!

How can I change my Minecraft username?


Find head of link chain

Question: Using lodash, I have created an array of pairs, each representing source and destination of a link. So for a given path of links, I have:
[ [a, b], [a, c], [d, c] ]

It is a given that the first element is the first link in the chain.
I originally wanted to map the pairs into key/value map object and then go through the keys and/or values to find the head.
simplified algorithm:
keys.contains(a) || values.contains(a)

if either returns true (excluding the pair itself, naturally), then it is not the head.
So, starting with the first pair, keys.contains(a) || values.contains(a) returns true so it is not the head, and keys.contains(b) || values.contains(b) returns false - so it must be the head.
The problem: I can't map the pairs into an object, since there might be key/value duplicates that override each other.
i.e., for the examples above, the resulting object will be:
{
   a: c,
   d: c
}

I know I can loop through them, however I am reluctant to do so many loops unless I have to...
Any ideas of a more efficient solution?
Comment: I don't really understand how keys.contains(a) || values.contains(a) implicate the pair to be the head or not. Could you elaborate on what it means to be "head", and how you're using contains()?
Answer: I assume the source is the key and the destination is the value. The roots of your directed graph are those keys that do not occur as a value. (The leafs: vice versa).
a would be a root, as well as d. b and c are not. Your condition should be keys.contains(a) && !values.contains(a).
You might not have a root at all though if the objects point to each other ([ [a, b], [b, a] ]) or if something points to itself ([ [a, a] ]).
Now if you eliminate the self references, you can collect the keys and the values. To get the roots you iterate over the keys and test if they aren't a value. To get the leafs, you iterate over the values and test if they aren't a key.
HTH, but I'm not sure I understood your question correctly.

Find head of link chain


Is a Masters thesis in the public domain?

Question: Is a Master's thesis submitted to the University of California Berkeley in the public domain (i.e., can be shared publicly by a person in USA on the internet without asking anybody's permission)?
Comment: Why would you think that it is?
Answer: No. The general policy of the University of California is that students and faculty retain the copyright of scholarly works they create.  So the thesis is copyrighted by its author (unless the author has since transferred copyright for some reason).
However, if you contact the author and ask politely, there is a good chance that they will give you permission to share it.
Comment: Indeed, our litigious American society tends to lose sight far too easily of the power of the polite request.
Comment: @phoog: Well, especially for an academic thesis, for which the author is usually interested in having it widely read, and for which the commercial value is usually nil.  You might also find that the author has posted the thesis on a personal website or open-access repository, which would even save you the trouble of circulating the document; just share a link.


Option for "I'm not looking for new job"

Question: I would like to my CV on careers, but I'm not looking for new job, now. But in future I would like change my current employer.
Answer: Create your CV and don't publish it.  It's not publicly viewable until it's published.
Answer: If your CV is searchable, you have this line on your status page:

Your CV is searchable by employers; hide from searches

Just hide your CV from searches and employers won't find your CV. You can also unpublish it if you don't want anyone to see it at your public CV url.
Comment: +1 If you've filed your CV you can hide it from searches. But I have to say it was confusing at first because "filing" at first doesn't make it very clear that a CV can be hidden from searches until you've filed the CV.
Answer: There are five checkboxes at the bottom of your CV listing the options:

What type of work are you seeking?
[] Full time permanent
[] Temporary contract
[] Telecommute
[] I'm open to ideas
[] Internship or Co-op

Just make sure all of them are cleared.
Answer: quote from FAQ

It is 100% free to create, edit, and
  publish your professional programming
  CV here.
If you are seeking employment, we do
  require a modest annual payment to
  file your CV. Filing your CV makes it
  eligible to appear in searches by
  hiring managers via our private search
  interface.


Can anyone see what is wrong with my Javascript?

Question: I have written the following:
var pages=["[www.google.co.uk] This is the WWW. ","[www.yahoo.co.uk] This is also the WWW. "];
function findScoresC(s){
var scores=[];
var words=[];
var wordScore;
var indexScore=[];
s=s.toLowerCase();
for(i=0;i<pages.length; i++){
   var lowerCaseContents=(pages[i].substring(pages[i].indexOf("]")+1,pages[i].lastIndexOf(" "))).toLowerCase();
   words=lowerCaseContents.split(" ");
   for(i=0;i<words.length;i++){
    if(words[i].match(s)){
        wordScore=1;
        indexScore[i]=indexScore[i]+1};
   scores[i] =indexScore[i]}};
return scores;
}
alert(findScoresC("w"));

The function aims to return an array ("scores") where each index of the array is the number of times the string s is found in each index of the "pages" array, excluding what is inside the square brackets - however, only finding the string s once within each word. So ideally, the first index of scores would be 1, because I have called the function with the letter w, and i would only like it to find the first w of "WWW" in the first index of pages - if this makes sense.
I have confused myself pretty epically in getting this far, so I have no idea why the function is returning ",,,," rather than numerical values for each index of scores - any ideas?
Thanks
Comment: OK i have no idea what has gone wrong with the formatting. It looked OK in the preview box :-s
Answer: When your for loop exits, i is equal to words.length, which is one greater than the last index of indexScore. You are assigning nothing at all to scores[i] each time through.
Comment: I don't quite understand what you're getting at...words.length is equal to the number of words in each index of pages. I intended for indexScore to be equal to the summation of all the wordScores within that index of pages.
Answer: It might be because you have a nested for loop with the same index variable.
Comment: OK I have tried renaming index variable of the nested for-loop to something else, and it now alerts "NaN,Nan". So at least it now recognises that there will be two indexes of the array scores...it just doesn't know what they are.
Comment: indexScore[i] does not appear to ever get assigned to, yet it is attempted to be added with 1 to assign to itself and then indexScore.  Perhaps you are expecting something to be there?
Comment: Well I would like indexScore[i] to be the "score" for pages[i], whereby the score is the sum of the wordScores (wordScore for each word is 1 if a match occurs, regardless of how many matches occur. 0 otherwise). Christ this is confusing me...
Answer: var pages=["[www.google.co.uk] This is the WWW. ","[www.yahoo.co.uk] This is also the WWW. ";

function findScoresC(s){
  var scores=[];
  var words=[];
  s=s.toLowerCase();
  for(i=0;i<pages.length; i++)
  {
     scores[i]=0;
     var lowerCaseContents=(pages[i].substring(pages[i].indexOf("]")+1,pages[i].lastIndexOf(" "))).toLowerCase();
     words=lowerCaseContents.split(" ");
     for(j=0;j<words.length;j++)
     {
        if(words[j].match(s))
        {
          scores[i] += 1;
        }
      }
  }
  return scores;
}
alert(findScoresC("w"));

There were a few things.  I replaced "i" with "j" for the inner index.  You don't require a semicolon after a closing paren.  You should have a semicolon after instructions (a couple were missing).
Probably the main issue (after the "i" issue) was that scores[i] should have been set outside the inner loop.  This would have been clearer if the cosing parens had been separated out onto separate lines, instead of like "scores[i] =indexScore[i]}};".
It turned out that the variable indexScore was not required.  That allowed me to bring scores[i] inside the inner loop to accumulate word hits directly.
Finally, I would prefer to communicate the pages variable to the function as an argument than to assume that it is available in the global space.  I tend to avoid globals if I can.
var pages = [...];
function findScoresC(pages, s)
{
   ...
}
alert(findScoresC(pages, "w"));

Comment: Thank you so much! I can't believe how much I was overcomplicating things...thanks very much for your help. If I could, I would buy you several beers of your choice right now :-)
Answer: here's a small function that counts how many times substring "subStr" occurs in "str", not counting [...]
function substrCount(str, subStr) {
   var str = str.replace(/\[.+?\]/g, "");
   var del = str.toLowerCase().split(subStr.toLowerCase()).join("");
   return (str.length - del.length) / subStr.length;
}

the rest is obvious ;)
// edit: this is how you apply this function to an array
 var someArray = ["whatever", "something", "else" ];
 var counter = [];
 for(var i = 0; i < someArray; i++)
      counter[i] = substrCount(someArray[i], "something");
      // or, to count only one match, i.e. just to test if a substring is present
      counter[i] = substrCount(someArray[i], "something") > 0;

Comment: If only it were...! I can understand your function (just about) but I can't understand how I can apply the mechanics of it to my function (and specifically, the fact that I only want to count 1 match for each word, regardless of how many matches actually occur).
Answer: Here's you're function fixed.  It returns [1,1] which appears to be what you were going for.  My notes are in the code.
var pages=["[www.google.co.uk] This is the WWW. ","[www.yahoo.co.uk] This is also the WWW. "];

function findScoresC(s){
    var scores = [],
        words = [],
        wordScore;
        // indexScore = [] <- this doesn't seem necessary
    s = s.toLowerCase();

    // Make sure to use `var i` and not just `i`; otherwise, you are creating a global variable.
    for ( var i=0; i<pages.length; i++ ) {
        // Initialize me!
        scores.push(0);

        var lowerCaseContents = pages[i].substring(
            pages[i].indexOf("]") + 1, pages[i].lastIndexOf(" ")
        ).toLowerCase();
        words = lowerCaseContents.split(" ");

        // You were using `i` for this loop as well.  No can do.
        for ( var j=0; j<words.length; j++) {
            if ( words[j].match(s) ) {
               // wordScore = 1;  <- I don't know what you're using this for
               scores[i]++;
            }
        }
    };

    return scores;
}

console.log(findScoresC("w"));

Comment: Thanks very much for your reply - it would appear you were beaten to it by a few minutes, but as I can see the two replies are basically the same, thanks for your help :-)


What does KB means in announce to rent apartment?

Question: I'm looking for an apartment, and in announces it's often written KB. For example :

Suitable for one person. 2 rooms, KB, no pets allowed, no smoking allowed
Furnished flat with more than one room, suitable for singles, families with one child, bedroom, living room, KB, internet possible not yet installed, no pets allowed no smoking allowed

It looks to have something with the kitchen, but I can't find what it could be.
Comment: Is this specific to BrE?
Answer: I would guess it's shorthand for "kitchen & bath", meaning the apartment has a kitchen and one bathroom.
Comment: Interesting that they repeated **allowed** twice, and abbreviated KB.


Installing new firmware: PDA,CSC

Question: I bricked my phone, and wanted to reinstall the firmware, but I'm not sure if it is enough that the build number matches or do the PDA and CSC numbers also have to much at all costs?
I'm asking this because my firmware is branded, and I wanted the one without brands, but that doesn't have the PDA and CSC that I have (I saved them earlier).
Answer: PDA/CSC explained in one of my previous answers here. As for your situation, there are 2 factors to consider:

Generally, the release date and version of what you're going to flash should be equal to or newer than what you had on the phone right now, so that it will flash at all. Downgrading is not entirely impossible - on newer devices, bootloader level determines how far you can go back; see part of another answer here.
If you need certain languages to be present, look into the CSC string and make sure it's from your general region.

Installing new firmware: PDA,CSC


Bake object with many parts

Question: I need to bake this model for a game, but there are lots of small cylinders. If I join all the objects, the bake comes out with lots of black spots. Do I have to manually bake each object or is there an easier way?
Answer: I suggest you to "explode" the geometry and then bake,
explode means; you take everything apart so there is a margin between they, you have to do this for every pass except the ambient occlusion pass
-separate the pieces when there is a weird angle(not sure of this last pàrt)
Supplementary:
this video shows the process done in maya and substance painter, but its the same for blender
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fY3LEnoRxU&t=7s

Bake object with many parts


need help please! Changed base link now unable to enter magento 1.8 and actual website

Question: I went into system then configuration then web and I changed the base url in the secure and unsecure section....originally it had {{base_url}} but then I changed it to the new website name and now I cant get in at all. I cant even get into Magento!Please help!!
Comment: No. Im a totally different person and need help.
Comment: its about the question, we are a question/answer community, not a support forum.
Did you try all answers from the link?
Comment: As I said in my question...I cant even get into magento now and dont know if I need to get into the ftp
Comment: The web developer left....this is new information to me
Answer: Please try to follow approach from this page
http://www.magentocommerce.com/wiki/recover/restore_base_url_settings
It will help to restore your base URL on the database level.


WPF Tutorials/Resources for Visual Studio Express

Question: I'm creating a UI with WPF, but I don't want to spend the $500 on Expression Studio.
Where do I find resources that walk me through creating a WPF application within Visual Studio.  I'm looking to use some basic animations and want to use transparency on a couple of objects.
I've tried looking for resources other places, and all I've been able to find is links to books published 6 years ago, so I was hoping to find something a little more recent.
Thanks ahead of time!
Answer: You can start here: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/WPF/wpf1.aspx


Laravel 5.1.x how to manipulate date correctly?

Question: I've a field called activated_at and I want to treat it like every other date in Laravel. In the database it's a timestamp and I've insert it inside the $dates array along side with the common dates like updated_at, created_at and deleted_at.
Little Side note this is a part of an API system, which doesn't rely on forms and web at all, so I cannot convert the data directly from the view
The problem is that, in order to set and get it properly I've setup two mutators (AKA Getter and Setter).
Current setter, it's not the best solution out there but I honestly don't know how to create a setter that will convert all the data passed into suitable one for the database. I'm using MariaDB
* Automatically parse the date from metric system to
 * Imperial system because American DATABASES
 *
 * @param string $value
 */
public function setActivatedAtAttribute($value)
{
    if(!$value instanceof \DateTime)
    {
        $value = Carbon::createFromFormat('d/m/Y H:i:s', $value)->toDateTimeString();
    }
    $this->attributes['activated_at'] = $value;
}

Anyways this setters is working quite fine, I've written a bunch of unit tests and I get green on them.
The real problem is the getter, which I though it returns the Carbon instance of the date but instead it simply returns a string
/**
 * Return the correct metric format of the date
 *
 * @param string $value
 * @return string
 */
public function getActivatedAtAttribute($value)
{
    // Because it's a string we cannot use Carbon methods
    // Unless we instantiate a new Carbon object which it stupid
    // Since the activated_at field is inside the $dates array
    // Shouldn't we get the carbon object automatically?
    return $value;
}

My concerns are in the comment block inside the getter method.
That being said, is there a better method to batter handling DateTime using mutators in Laravel 5.1.x? I don't mind to handle ALL date time since created_at, updated_at and deleted_at are already handled behind the curtains
TL;DR

is there a better method to batter handling DateTime using mutators in Laravel 5.1.x? I don't mind to handle ALL date time since created_at, updated_at and deleted_at are already handled behind the curtains
Comment: how to manipulate dat [e]  correctly?
Comment: O yea  sorry I'm editing
Answer: With laravel 5.2 there's no need for this
Answer: So far as I know , in Laravel 5.1 , what you should do is to add the following code to your model which contains the field 'activated_at'.
protected $dates=['activated_at'];

And you do not need any getter methods to get a carbon object,you could call the funciton of it directly in your controller.Take User model for example:
User::findOrFail(1)->activated_at->diffForHumans();


Data simulation using make_classification in Python

Question: I have a question about data simulation in Python. I deal with the classification of imbalanced data and want to test the effectiveness of different methods on simulated data. I have seen in various articles and books that the make_classification function is used to generate data. Then the data is generated from a normal distribution, so the data is continuous and not discrete. Are such data correct for classification (SVM, Decision Trees) research?
Answer: There is no obstacle to doing this. For example you can create data by make_classification, and compare different algorithms by building model on it. You can also pass a random_state value to obtain same data each time you call the function. Both SVM, and Decision Trees can work with continuous data.
Comment: Yes. I understand that. I just wonder if comparing different models built on continuous data will be good. Because in reality, often the data is categorical.
Comment: It is quite superficial of course. Using more realistic data would be more appropriate to judge algorithms. Nevertheless you can see how well different algorithms do on continuous data. I generally use it to learn properly implement some methods, or pipeline. Not for comparing methods, but learning how to code them.
Comment: Maybe you know any more real ways to simulate data?
Comment: It depends on the domain of problem. For example in robotics, simulations are used to generate data to create reinforcement learning policies. Agent in the simulation generates data in each step to learn its policy.
Comment: You can use public datasets to compare, and experiment with different algorithms. It can close the gap between superficial data, and problems in real data.
Comment: I would not like to attach myself to a certain topic. i would like to generate data for the purpose of comparing imbalanced data classification techniques.
Comment: If you are not happy with the way `make_classification` creates data you can quite easily implement your own data generating algorithms. For starters you can use any distribution from `scipy.stats`, if you don't want a Gaussian, and draw random samples from it. And to make the data discrete you can just bin it using `np.digitize`.


USB hard drive not mounting or being detected by Disk Utility in Mac OS X

Question: I have an external USB hard drive; I plug it into my Mac, and I can clearly hear it turn on and start doing some work, but it isn't mounted in Finder, nor is it detected by Disk Utility. It used to be detected just fine. Any tips on what I can do to get it back, if anything?
Answer: First, you need to prepare yourself for the worst: There is a good chance the drive is dead or dying. That said you do have a few glimmers of hope connected to this.

Power Supply Weak: It's not clear to me whether this USB device is self-powered or requires an external power supply, but in either case the power supply could be weak and not giving the drive enough power to truly start up. If this is a case of the power supply being an issue, I would see if you can use another power supply and see what happens. If this is a self-powered USB case, it could be the computer you are connecting to is not providing enough power to the enclosure. I would see what happens if you connect it to another USB port or even disconnect some USB devices on the system to see if that helps alleviate any power load issues.
USB Enclosure Failing: The enclosure itself could be failing. Which means the drive inside of it is in perfectly good working order, but won't be mountable until it's placed in a new enclosure. Whether this is a 2.5" drive or a 3.5" drive, purchasing a new enclosure should cost you less than $10 at most. You would need to simply take the drive out of the current enclosure, put it in the new enclosure and away you go.

But if neither of those items helps, it could mean that the drive itself is dead. And if that is the case, there's not much you can do.


How exactly did Mahito meet Sukuna?

Question: My understanding of Mahito's technique is that he can reshape souls and thus shapeshift bodies, so how could he meet Sukuna when he touched Yuji's body (in episode 13) and when Yuji jumped into his domain? I don't understand, what did he do?
Answer: Mahito touches Yuji:
When Yuji first ate Sukuna's finger, Gojo states Yuji "combined" or "merged" with it. This could likely mean Sukuna's and Yuji's souls became one. So when Mahito uses his Idle Transfiguration cursed technique to touch Yuji's soul, he's also touching Sukuna soul. We can't consider the possibility of Sukuna overpowers Yuji's soul theory, so Yuji wouldn't be able to have any control of his body whatsoever because Sukuna wouldn't allow that.
Yuji enters Mahito's domain:
Self-Embodiment of Perfection increases the effectiveness of Mahito's Idle Transfiguration cursed technique by allowing him to transfigure the souls of the targets within his domain without requiring physical contact. Nanami described the experience of being inside Mahito's Domain as akin to literally being in the palm of Mahito's hand. Alongside Satoru Gojo's Unlimited Void, Kento Nanami said Self-Embodiment of Perfection is an almost guaranteed victory for the caster.
However, a major drawback of this ability is that Mahito is forced to touch the souls of everyone inside the domain, which backfires when Yuji Itadori enters the domain from the outside, causing Mahito to unintentionally touch Sukuna's soul a second time, prompting the King of Curses to lash out at Mahito

How exactly did Mahito meet Sukuna?


What are some good books about middle ages plague?

Question: Could someone recommend some good books on the plague epidemics during the middle ages?
Comment: But the site is not; the site is designed as a Q&A site where questions generate authoritative answers.  Biased answers generate discussion and argument and hostility, which damage the site.  We also discourage list questions ,"What are some ..." for the same reason - they don't generate authoritative answers.  I'm sorry - it sounds like I'm being unwelcoming, but every site has their peculiar culture, and I hate it when a sincere question founders on unspoken culture.
Comment: We don't normally permit open ended [requests for references](https://history.meta.stackexchange.com/q/896/1401) because it is difficult to identify an authoritative answer.  What is a "good" book depends on the bias of the reviewer.  Are there specific questions about plagues that you'd like answered?
Comment: @MarkC.Wallace I am ok with a biased recommendation
Comment: If you have ***one specific question*** that you would like an answer researched to, answers will undoubtedly couch up good references to that question, and possibly tangential ones. it may sound like a semantic game, but it is how the site prevents a flood of *discussion posts* that as @MarkC.Wallace has pointed out would damage the site's intent and comaraderie.
Comment: One way you can find further sources on plague in the middle ages is to search our site using the disease and middle ages tags. When you find any good, authoritative answers they *should* include sources you can pursue.
Answer: "A" book I could suggest is "The Black Death" by Philip Ziegler ISBN 0 86299 838 7.
It is "Good" in the sense that it appears to be well researched and has a comprehensive biography including non-English language source material. He also discusses the historical evolution of some of the controversial issues about the social and economic impact of the plague.
Another book you might find interesting is "Plagues and Peoples" (Sorry, don't have it with me not sure of author or ISBN). This one is not about the plague(s) of the mid 1300's specifically, but rather considers the co-evolution of humankind and microbes.
Both of these were published several decades ago, there are undoubtedly more recent treatments.
Comment: I have a copy of Plagues and Peoples. Haven't read it in decades, but I remember it being a really good book about the effects disease has had on human development, somewhat in the mold of Jared Diamond (I think he even credits it in GG&S).


Force application to run in 32-bit process on 64-bit Windows

Question: Is there any way to force application to run in 32-bit mode on 64-bit Windows ?
My Os is windows 7 64 bit.
Comment: What's the problem you're actually trying to solve?
Comment: In fact the vast majority of programs ARE 32 bit already.
Answer: If you are trying to run a 64-bit program, there is no way to run it as 32-bit. Executable format is different, system calls are designed for 64-bit. Simply it is incompatible with 32-bit environment. This is why you can not run a 64-bit executable on 32-bit operating systems and 32-bit processor.
If you are trying to run a 32-bit program, the program is already run as 32-bit. 64-bit processors are compatible with 32-bit programs. 64-bit Windows (or any other 64-bit operating system) replaces 32-bit system calls with 64-bit ones by emulation or any other technique.
So x-bit is about the processor, operating system and executable; it's not a mode. you can not force a 64-bit executable to run as 32-bit. 32-bit indications on Windows process list only show that a program is actually 32-bit and thus run in 32-bit system call emulation mode. You can not force this artificially.
Comment: Some programs may use a loader which will start a 64 bit or 32 bit executable and such loaders might be tricked to start the 32 bit version on 64 bit Windows. Furthermore interpreted and JIT-compiled programs might be able to trick system into using 32 bit interpreter/compiler with cerian settings, even if 64bit is available.
Comment: I did not think that the question meant "building an executable that runs in 32 bit", I thought what is required "running an existing application in 32 bit".
If we are talking about an executable that forces itself to run in 32-bit, then these kind of tricks might make it work.
Comment: @AndrejaKo How do you trick this loader? In my case, a setup.exe that doesn't ask whether to install the 32bit or 64bit version. Thanks.
Comment: @William C I don't think there's much you can do in that case except maybe messing with compatibility settings. For the example I was talking about, you'd literary have loader.exe (or something similar) which is first started and it chooses whether to run the 32bit or 64 bit exe. Usually you can run the executable itself instead of the loader.


How is the bitcoin block header data padded for SHA256 hashing?

Question: I see that a block contains 80 bytes. SHA256 expects integral multiples of 64 bytes as input. How are the remaining 48 bytes calculated?
Answer: According to section 5.1.1 of FIPS-180-4, SHA-256 messages are padded with a binary 1, followed by a number of 0s, and finally a 64-bit binary representation of the length of the message:

Suppose that the length of the message, M, is  bits. Append the bit "1" to the
end of the message, followed by k zero bits, where k is the smallest, non-
negative solution to the equation  + 1 + k ≡ 448 mod 512. Then append the 64-bit
block that is equal to the number  expressed using a binary representation.

This is not specific to Bitcoin, and any correct SHA-256 implementation will do this. For Bitcoin, a remaining 48 bytes of padding would be a single binary 1, a bunch of 0s, and the binary representation of the number 640 (80 bytes in bits). In binary, the remaining 48 bytes would be:

1 00...00 0110 0100 0000

Note that the SHA family of functions represent binary in big-endian format.