What is the Calcite Compensation Depth and what is its significance for carbonate deposits?

Question: What is the Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) and what is its significance for carbonate deposits?
Answer: The Calcite Compensation Depth is the depth below which all calcite minerals are dissolved. The solubility of calcite depends on both pressure and temperature. Under high pressure, low temperature conditions calcite is most soluble, and in deep parts of the ocean only siliceous deposits are found.
Typical values for the CCD are between 3000 and 4000 m, but since the CCD also depends on the amount of calcite in the water it can occur as shallow as 2500 m (in parts of the Pacific Ocean).
Taking all this together it becomes clear carbonate deposits can form and/or be preserved only above the CCD.
Answer: The Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD) is the depth at which the dissolution of calcite outpaces the accumulation of calcitic sediments. This is distinct from the Aragonite Compensation Depth (ACD), which is similar to the CCD in that it is the depth at which aragonite sediments dissolve faster than they can accumulate. The ACD is generally shallower than the CCD.
Further below the CCD, where the dissolution of opal outpaces the accumulation rate of opaline sediments we have the, you guessed it, Opal Compensation Depth (OPC). These depth boundaries are all a function of pressure and temperature; carbonaceous materials being more soluble at low temperatures and high pressures. Thus, deep cold seawater can hold more calcite and aragonite and will dissolve it faster than those sediments are able to accumulate. There is no net accumulation of these sediments below their relevant compensation depth.
The sediments we are referring to are biogenic carbonate (and silica/opal, I'll go over  that in a second) tests, or skeletal and shell materials, made by planktonic, nektonic, and benthonic organisms floating around in the water column. These sorts of sediments generally only become important away from the continental edge, where they are no longer diluted by terrigenous sediments. I'll say that in a different way in case it isn't clear: there is a gradational pattern of sedimentation on the seafloor as you move away from continents, further out into ocean proper. When fine sands and silts are no longer being carried out and deposited onto the seafloor, then these biogenic sediments become relatively enriched because they are really the only thing accumulating (along with some red clays) and form carbonaceous and siliceous oozes (unconsolidated sediments that are >30% biogenic material). Above the ACD aragonitic, calcitic, and siliceous sediments dominate. Further out, and/or, deeper in the ocean, we hit the ACD and those aragonitic sediments are winnowed out. Now we only have calcitic and siliceous sediments so we're making carbonaceous oozes generally. Even further/deeper and we hit the CCD, the calcite seds are removed and now we're only accumulating siliceous sediments; we're making siliceous oozes. Again, we go deeper, and we hit the OCD. Now only red clays are accumulating. This is an idealized gradational scale, changes in topography can bring the seafloor back up above one of these boundaries, for example at a mid ocean ridge. Or maybe the continental shelf drops off too quickly and those terrigenous continent derived sediments are not winnowed out before we cross the CCD. In that case we would never form carbonaceous oozes.
Because these depths are related to the solubility of the minerals, they can be raised or depressed by increasing the amount of that mineral we are pumping into the system. In other words, if you have a big boom in primary productivity somewhere over the pacific and plankton are growing like crazy, the CCD is depressed, often by as much as 500m. This is because all of that calcite floating down is saturating those cold bottom waters, so we have to move even deeper to reach a point where the water is able to hold more calcite and dissolution outpaces accumulation again.
The depth of the CCD is also higher at the poles/rises towards northern (colder) latitudes and sinks towards the warmer equatorial waters.
Hope that helps.
here is a good resource if you'd like to learn more or rake in those details: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444530004000044


Mechanism of Screenshot

Question: Basically I with my team are figuring out a way to block screenshots taken on our corporation's computers (Mac mostly). I have searched it extensively and found that there is something called Screen buffer which is being accessed by any screenshot taking software (eg. Snipping Tool etc). I tried to find the exact mechanism and the actual implementation of such softwares but with no luck. Also I found out that Netflix uses some kind of technology which corrupts screenshot image and blackens it. I did not find any actual mechanism or implementation to study it further. I also came across something called Hardware overlays but did not understand it properly in order to use it for actual implementation. I have considered a way to edit scancode maps in registry but I am looking for a more general way. I read a few articles for apple's FPS though. Can somebody please guide me through this? Some good resources for the same would be highly appreciated. Any particular or relevant forums or subs to discuss this are also welcome
Answer: Sounds like you've been barking up the wrong tree for a little while. A screen buffer is a generic programming concept which does not describe the situation in macos well. Hardware overlay will likely only affect what appears on the monitor, not what appears in a screenshot. And Netflix's method is no more interesting that DVD Player's method.
Fortunately, this question has been asked and answered on the sister Stack Overflow site. Basically there is a private API that allows this, but being private you're best to talk directly to Apple about it via a DTS request.
Comment: Okay. I will try to read and understand what exactly screen capture softwares do like what api calls and relevent requests and then will try to focus on how to prevent it. Could you cite some resources to study them?
Comment: As Heath has mentioned this is a private API from Apple so you need to contact them...

Mechanism of Screenshot


Why does my 120V 40W lightbulb only have 26 ohms across it?

Question: I thought that if the voltage source is 120V and the lightbulb is 40W then the current would be 1/3 of an ampere meaning that the resistance of the lightbulb would be 360 ohms. But when I checked it with my multimeter, it was only 26 ohms. The multimeter is not wrong.  If I check a 1K resistor with the multimeter it reads 1K.
Comment: @WesleyLee Actually they *are* Ohmic (the conductor is a tungsten filament, which is an ohmic material). The problem is that resistivity is a function of temperature, so Ohm's law is still valid, but  the bulb must reach thermodynamic equilibrium first.
Comment: Non-ohmic materials are those whose resistivity changes appreciably with voltage (or current), even when held at constant temperature.
Comment: @WesleyLee In other words, Ohm's law is not independent of temperature. The proportionality between V and I is guaranteed (for an Ohmic material) as long as the dissipated power doesn't change the thermal equilibrium appreciably, otherwise *any* material would be non-ohmic, since its resistivity *will* change on a sufficiently wide temperature range .
Comment: this is why ham operators use in-series lightbulbs when debugging; it's electrically near-invisible at small currents (bulb appears off) and if there's an unexpected big current, the bulb limits the current and glows a warning.
Comment: @LorenzoDonati--Codidact.com -- thank you very much for your explanation! Since I cannot edit my comment I will delete it. Dont want to keep wrong info on the site :)
Answer: Filaments heat up to produce light and the tungsten they're made of will change resistance as this happens.  The temperature change is let's say 3000K, the temperature coefficient of resistance for tungsten is 0.0045/K, so the resistance when the bulb is on will be about 13.5x what it is when it is cold.  Plugging in your measured 26 ohms gives 351 ohms when hot.
Comment: @AbdullahBaig You bet there is some overshoot. And that's why light bulbs burn out when they are switched on.
Comment: I would love to see the graph of the current through such a bulb, starting from cold. The bulbs take a clearly visible time (probably 0.1 to 0.2 seconds) to ramp up from zero to full brightness. There must be one hell of a starting current.
Comment: I wonder why the filament would burn out. The burn out would be most likely due to melting and the heat dissipation is almost 100% through radiation (which is linked to temperature without any delay). Hotspots due to asymmetries?
Comment: @AbdullahBaig probably that, I remember that if the bulb got hit or shaken it would burn out within a couple days because the filament would loop over itself
Answer: The resistance of a lightbulb is not constant.
Becomes the lightbulb resistance is not constant but will change with the applied voltage. See the graph of resistance of a \$100W/230V\$ light bulb in the function of supply voltages (and temperature of a filament).

The resistance for \$230V\$ is equal \$530Ω\$ so current is equal \$0.434A\$
But for \$120V\$ the current will not be equal to:
\$I = \frac{120V}{530Ω} = 0.226A\$
As we can read from the graph the current will be equal to:
\$I = \frac{120V}{380Ω} = 0.315A\$
Also, notice that the cold resistance is equal to \$40Ω\$.
And the hot resistance at \$230V\$ is \$530Ω\$.
Thus, the ratio between "hot"/"cold" resistance is \$\frac{530Ω}{40Ω} \approx 13.2\$
And in your case, we have a similar situation, the resistance ratio is 360Ω/26Ω is also around 13.8
Comment: @RazvanSocol It's why incandescent lightbulbs often break at startup, especially an outdoor bulb in a cold winter. In fact, you can greatly increase the bulb lifetime by adding a soft-start circuit to limit the startup current, a simple thermistor will do. It's something you can buy, the [Bulb-Miser](https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20070018922.pdf), it's just a small disc that you insert between the bulb base and the socket, a cheap, simple and effective device.
Comment: Does this mean that the light bulb will consume much more than 40W for a few instants, until it gets hot? How many milliseconds does that usually take?
Comment: @RazvanSocol This is exactly what will happen. As for the time for heat up, it will depend on time bulb time contact (around 50ms).  And what is the current value of an AC voltage? Is it at the peak value, zero crossings of between?
Comment: @G36  Your are correct about the lower power light bulb running brighter.  However, I was looking at two equal light bulbs.   If one has a little higher resistance, it starves the other of power and causes it to run cooler.  Why don't I see this with light bulbs in series?   It is probably time for some experiments to characterize the resistance curve and then run some simulations..  It this really is a two-state system, another way to change the state might be to reflect light back onto the filament of one light bulb, or even give it a burst of heat with a laser.
Comment: OK on all of the above.  What if two such light bulbs are in series.  If one has a bit more resistance, it will have a higher voltage, dissipate more power, and rob the other bulb of voltage and power.  A positive feedback situation exists.   I would expect on bulb to be much brighter than the other.   And if a surge of power could be applied only to the dimmer bulb, it could permanently starve its competitor, resulting in a primitive memory device. Why do I not see this? K6YVL
Comment: @richard1941 If you connect two light bulbs are in series (for example 100W and 50W). You will see that 50W bulb is much brighter than 100W bulb. So, I don't understand your comment.
Answer: The cold resistance of a incandescent light bulb is considerably lower than the running resistance it has during use when hot.
A rough estimate is that hot resistance is about 10x larger than the cold resistance. It also means the switches and wires see roughly 10x larger current surge when the light is turned on.
So a 40W bulb at 120V would be 360 ohms, and you measure 26 ohms when cold. That is approximately in the expected range, the hot to cold ratio is 13.8x in your case.
Comment: The low resistance when cold is part of why incandescent lights are so much more likely to burn out when switched on than when already operating, if not using a dimmer switch for gradual-on.  A thin spot will have higher resistance and heat up more, getting even more resistance and thus a larger share of the total power being dissipated, before the surrounding parts also get hot and drop more of the voltage.  If that runaway effect lets one portion get *too* hot during the high-current startup surge, you can get a fuse-like effect.
Comment: @PeterCordes: Interestingly, DJL projector bulbs (and likely some others) have a filament in the back which is in series with the main filament, but doesn't get nearly as hot (it's not positioned in front of the reflector, so none of its light is actually useful).  My suspicion is that on startup, the secondary filament's resistance is probably somewhat close to the primary filament, thus limiting inrush current, even though after that the secondary filament represents a pure waste of energy.
Answer: As other answers has already explained, as the filament heats up it will increase its resistance.
There is one more parameter that you possibly would take inte account. As the light bulb is connected to AC a number of other effects may come inte play. I list them in no particular order:

120V AC: how is this 120V actually defined? Ideally it should perhaps be RMS valde, meaning that the maximum voltage will be higher. And an AC signal passes by zero voltage each period.
How far from a perfect resistor will the filament actually be: a coiled filament will have at least a small amount of reactance. In effect there will be a lag between voltage and current through the filament. In power electrics this can be described by the power factor, the ratio between working power (that is the light and heat) and the appearant power (that mostly creates heat in other places). Admittedly for a typical bulb it is very close to one.
A small tidbit of info, a typical efficiency would be around 12 lm/W when run at designed voltage. At lower voltage, the bulb may create next to no light of interest to human eyes, only heat.
Answer: The unstated assumption in your question is that Ohm's law (\$V=IR\$) is applicable to any device you can put an ohmmeter on.
This is not true. Here are some examples of devices where it does not hold:

switches
batteries
diodes
transistors
inductors
capacitors
gas arc lights

All of these things have some relationship between current and voltage. For example, an ideal capacitor:
$$ i(t) = C{\mathrm d v(t) \over \mathrm d t} $$
This equation isn't a law named after anyone: it's simply a definition of capacitance. When we have some device which has some behavior which can be sufficiently modeled by this equation, we call it a capacitor with capacitance \$C\$.
Likewise, Ohm's law is a definition of resistance:
$$ V = I R $$
This equation is simpler, and it has a name, but regardless it's only applicable to resistors.
Other answers have said a light bulb's resistance increases with temperature. While this is true, I don't think it's a good enough explanation, because it still suggests maybe all things are somehow subject to Ohm's law, when quite clearly they are not. What good is a law that says current and voltage are related by some ratio called "resistance" when resistance can change?
There's a bit of a subtle trick here: while "resistance" and consequently Ohm's law only applies to resistors, there's a second use for the term in creating simplified models for devices or circuits. Consider the Shockley diode equation for example, which describes how current and voltage are related for an ideal diode:
$$ {\displaystyle I=I_{\mathrm {S} }\left(e^{\frac {V_{\text{D}}}{nV_{\text{T}}}}-1\right)} $$
This is a rather complicated equation. Many of the terms are parameters that will be particular to a given diode (and probably vary with temperature and frequency), but even after simplifying those you're left with an exponential relationship between current (\$I\$) and voltage (\$V_\text D\$). If you plot voltage and current you get something like this:

Thingmaker, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
While it's essential to understand the exponential relationship exists in general, you may only be interested with the behavior of the diode over a very narrow range, say from 0.78 to 0.8 volts. On such a small scale, it might be "good enough" to call this exponential curve a linear one. Then you can take the slope of that curve and call it "resistance", and now you can substitute the complex Shockley model for a simpler linear one as long as you stay within that assumption of 0.78 to 0.8 volts.
In other words, it's not that a diode obeys Ohm's law in any way, but that you've elected to make a simpler model of the device which is sufficiently accurate within a range of assumptions. If you know the diode is operating within 0.78 to 0.8 volts, and the "resistance" is 13 ohms, then you can easily calculate that if the current increases by 0.1 mA then the voltage will increase by \$0.1\:\mathrm{mA} \cdot 13\:\Omega = 1.3\:\mathrm{mV}\$.
When someone says "the resistance of a light bulb increases with temperature", the situation is similar. Light bulbs have a current-voltage relationship which depends on temperature to a large extent. Modeling that temperature-dependent behavior may be unnecessarily complex for the task at hand, and so engineers, not wanting to make things harder than they need to be, have determined that assuming the temperature of the filament is reasonably constant, the current-voltage relationship of a light-bulb can be approximated by a simple linear equation. It's not that light bulbs obey any "Ohm's law": it's that someone has taken a complicated model of a light bulb and made a simpler one.
Comment: "This equation is simpler, and it has a name, but regardless it's only applicable to resistors."   Actually, it is applicable to many problems in physics, such as magnetic flux, gas flowing through a hole, and immigrants crossing the U.S. border.


Win 7 time service error

Question: I see a warning in my Win7 Events Log:
The time service has not synchronized the system time for 86400 seconds because none of the time service providers provided a usable time stamp.
The message suggests that I run:
w32tm /resync
When I try to run that command, I get an error:
The following error occurred: The specified module could not be found. <0x8007007E>
I can run w32tm with no arguments and get the expected list of w32tm commands, so the program is accessable and runs.
Any help is greatly appreciated.
Answer: Is this computer joined to a domain or is it standalone? Can you ping time.windows.com?
Answer: Sounds like a firewall issue; verify that UDP port 123 is open to your time source.  The source will be the domain controller for domain-joined machines, or time.windows.com for standalone.  To get an idea of what NTP servers you are configured to use, and how well in sync you aren't, you can use:
<code>w32tm /monitor
</code>
(Ping testing won't much help diagnosis because ping is ICMP, a different protocol than the UDP that carries NTP. So it's like using your bicycle to verify you can drive somewhere in your car - but your car has a flat tire.)
Answer: I had the same problem.  The Microsoft Knowledge Base Article http://support.microsoft.com/kb/978714 and the associated hot fix solved it for me.

Win 7 time service error


Why is there a warning on some PoE Switches, non-PoE might suffer damage?

Question: To my knowledge, the PoE standard requires a Switch to be capable of detecting whether a connected device is PoE capable before delivering the full power via PoE.
Why is there still often a warning, non-PoE Equipment might suffer damage if connected? This seems kind of contradictory to me?
Answer: There are some poorly designed or constructed devices. We experienced this with some devices that had pins shorted in a way that requested PoE from the switch, but the devices could not handle PoE, and they blew up when connected to a PoE switch interface. This was a design defect in the devices, and we needed to disable PoE on the switch interfaces where those devices were connected.
Answer: In addition to Ron's anwer, some PoE switches support proprietary, pre-standard PoE modes that weren't as thoroughly designed as 802.3af/at. When active, sending power to a device not supporting it gets more likely.
Comment: More to the point, some PoE sources provide a passive form of PoE, where instead of negotiating for power, power is always applied.


Upgrade from non-server to server?

Question: Is it possible to upgrade from a non-server (desktop) edition of OS X to the server edition? I currently have a Mac Mini running standard ML but I'd like to upgrade it to the Server version as I use it for a home fileserver and the connections frequently get maxed out. Preferably I'd like to go straight from ML -> Mavericks Server, but I don't even know if the desktop-to-server path is possible on any edition without a fresh install (I hope it is).
Comment: The "server" component of OS X is an application installed on an existing system. In 99% of cases consumers don't need OS X server, so look into exactly what your needs are and check out if OS X server has anything that meets those needs. Chances are, it won't, it's mainly focused on corporate infrastructure like wikis, contact/calendar/mail syncing, etc.
Comment: Which connection do max out? Maybe it would be easier to solve this than installing OS X Server, just ask a new question detailing the issue you are facing here.
Answer: OS X Server, from OS X Lion onwards, is just another app you buy from the Mac App Store and install. You do not need to do a fresh install of the OS. There are generally no special hardware requirements for OS X Server compared to the client edition either.
To move from OS X Mountain Lion client to OS X Mavericks server, you would first have to upgrade to OS X Mavericks client, then buy and install the Server App from the Mac App Store.
The General Requirements section on OS X Server Technical Specifications page currently states:

Mac computer running Mountain Lion.
2GB of memory.
10GB of available disk space; some features require additional disk space.
Some features require an Apple ID; terms apply.
Some features require a compatible Internet service provider; fees may apply.
Some features are not available in all countries.
Comment: Wow, how did I miss that?! Thank you!!! Here's the app store link for anyone else looking: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/os-x-server/id537441259?mt=12

Upgrade from non-server to server?


How do I find the transfer function of this op amp circuit?

Question:
This is a phase detector circuit used in PLL, the inverting input is a sinewave and there is a reference signal which is a square wave.
How would the output look like if the inputs are in phase and out of phase?
Answer: The left op amp is acting as a switchable inverter, the sine wave input and output are in phase when the analog switch is open, and 180 degrees out of phase when closed
This is then fed to the right op amp which is an integrator this averages the ratio of time in and out of phase to an analog voltage to act as a feedback signal.
Answer: This has the same transfer function as an EXOR gate. Having used an EXOR gate, back in university, to examine VCOs and phase_comparisons, I suggest you will have problems with lock_range and false locks.


Recipe for upgrading JBoss 5.x Hibernate to 3.5.x?

Question: I'd like to upgrade the Hibernate installation that ships as part of JBoss 5.1.x to Hibernate 3.5.x.
Is there an "approved" recipe for doing this?
Answer: I don't think it's possible because of the tight coupling of JBoss 5.1 with their JPA 1.0 implementation. And the fact that JBoss skipped JBoss 5.2 in favor of JBoss 6 suggest that they are not going to provide extensions points for Java EE 6 features in their Java EE 5 container.
Answer: I have build a workaround for this specific issue. I explain all the details in another post : How to use JPA2 on JBoss 5.x ? (or How to eliminate class loading isolation issue?)


Pass symbol table as inherited attribute to boost spirit rule

Question: I have a couple of symbol tables on which I want to inhibit partial matching.
Reading across some questions, I figured it can be done using the distinct directive.
However, adding distinct(char_("a-zAZ09_"))[no_case[my_symb_1]]; each time a symbol table is referenced in the grammar is reducing readability. So I tried to make a rule that accepts a symbol table and returns its matching value:
qi::rule<Iterator, Operation(const qi::symbols<char, Operation>&)> no_partial_match;

no_partial_match %= distinct(char_("a-zAZ09_"))[no_case[lazy(_r1)]];

And use it later in the grammar:
some_rule = no_partial_match(my_symb_1) >> int_;

but it fails with:
    const boost::spirit::qi::symbols<char,Operation,boost::spirit::qi::tst<Char,T>,boost::spirit::qi::tst_pass_through>::adder
 &boost::spirit::qi::symbols<Char,T,boost::spirit::qi::tst<Char,T>,boost::spirit::qi::tst_pass_through>::adder::operator
 ()(const Iterator &,const Iterator &,const T &) const': expects 3 arguments - 1 provided

How to achieve this?
(PS: I'm aware of the generic solution provided in the comments here, but I'm looking for a simpler approach for this specific symbol table signature and not a generic one.)
Answer: Got it, has to wrap the symbol table in phx::ref(...)
like this
some_rule = no_partial_match(phx::ref(my_symb_1)) >> int_;


How to say "hard working person" in japanese

Question: I am preparing Japanese resume and i want to mention my skills in 特技。Is "勤勉" a correct word to say that i am  hard working???
Comment: As far as a 履歴書 is concerned, I wouldn't consider 'hard-working' to be a 'special skill', more a personality trait or a work ethic.
Comment: You can use 努力家 (I don't know if it's fit for a resume though)
I would double check with actual Japanese resume examples to make sure you're heading in the right direction
Comment: note "real Japanese resumes" are different that "Japanese translations of English resumes". One thing I remember is you must put a passport-sized photo on the top-right, and the paper size needs to be a4. The "theme" is different from a USA-style. I cannot remember more than that. I'd recommend an English resume, Japanese translation of English resume, a "real" Japanese resume, and a personal "meishi" even if a student (English one side / Japanese the other) for a good first impression "meishi-kokan".
Answer: Yes 勤勉 is a common na-adjective that means "hardworking", and you can consider using it in the 自己アピール/自己紹介 section (or something with a similar name).
However, it usually does not count as your 特技 because 特技 refers to some uncommon/special ability. Writing just 勤勉であること or 努力できること in the 特技 section might look as if you were a boring hobbyless person. In your case, probably you can list at least 英語 as your 特技. You can list your other abilities/hobbies such as 野球, 料理, プログラミング, 数学 or whatever that may interest the interviewer. (Well, if you can add some interesting episode that can prove your outstanding hardworking-ness, 勤勉さ or 集中力 might count as your 特技...)


Stop Ubuntu from using original swap partition

Question: When I installed Ubuntu 16.04 I put it on a 250 GB SSD and created a 4 GB swap partition.  Recently I have been doing some machine learning and I keep using up all of my 16 GB of memory.  I decided to add a 120 GB SSD I had laying around and use it as a dedicated swap drive.  I made the following changes in /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=85206e1d-5f22-431d-8d17-bdc001895a8c /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=E478-855C  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
# swap was on /dev/sda2 during installation
#UUID=ea40886f-8938-4629-b03d-ef30d5ff28c2 none            swap    sw              0       0
UUID=c23607a3-093e-4e2a-a34a-4ba10b6b603d none            swap    sw              0       0

As you can see I commented out the first swap drive and added the second one which is my 120 GB SSD.  The issue I am having is now Ubuntu mounts both drives as swap.  I do not want it to use the original 4GB partition on the boot drive.   I can manually turn off the swap for the boot drive using the disks manager but I want a solution which occurs automatically at boot.
Answer: Try using gparted.
sudo apt-get install gparted

Right click your swap partition and select swapoff.


Why do people talk about "ways to take a punch" if your body automatically absorbs the force of a blow?

Question: If you look on Google, you will find people talking about how to take a punch (roll with the blow, relax, etc.) But does this really matter? If you get punched, then all that kinetic energy is absorbed into your body, whether you know technique or not. Thus, assuming an opponent is not using a gun or knife, could you just rush forward and attack the guy and win? After all, even a baby absorbs kinetic energy.
Answer: Yes, it matters.
If you roll with a punch, you absorb less kinetic energy from the punch than if you stand still and receive the blow. When you reduce the speed differential at impact, you reduce the kinetic energy transfered upon the collision.
Where you absorb the kinetic energy matters too. If someone punches you in the solar plexus, this impairs your breathing. If someone punches you in the arm, it just hurts.


Texting someone who is out of the country?

Question: I understand that international plans give the person who paid for a plan the ability to make outgoing texts or calls to someone at no extra charge.
What I'm unsure about is if I text someone who has a local US number, but is not located in the country at the time, will I get an international charge for texting or calling them?
For this question, the cellular company is AT&T. I'm in the US and the travelers with the international plans will be in Punta Cana and Canada.
Answer: If you send a text or make a call to a US number, you'll pay whatever you normally pay to send a text or make a call to a US number. It does not matter whether the phone associated with that number is in the US or not at the time.
The recipient of that text or call may have to pay extra fees for receiving it internationally, depending on their carrier and plan. Not all international plans are "at no extra charge"; some offer a reduced per-text/minute charge or a limited number of minutes or other restrictions.
You could also use any number of messaging apps (Messages if you have Apple devices, Android Messages, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, WeChat, Allo, Telegram, etc...) to send the messages over a data connection without using text messages at all.
Comment: @glglgl I would say it "ought to be this way" rather than "can only be this way". I have come across instances where you cannot identify a cost by looking at the number (e.g. several years ago inclusive minutes often did not cover calls to numbers on the Three network in the UK, and there is no way to identify a network from a number).
Comment: It can only be this way, because the caller has to be sure about their costs by looking at the number.
Comment: @glglgl It is not that uncommon that it is impossible to know the cost of a call just by 'looking at the number'. Different charges for calls to different cell phone operators are/were quite common in Europe and with number portability, it is usually not possible to know which operator a specific number belongs to.
Comment: Thanks Zach! That's how I figured it worked but I wasn't entirely sure. Will mark as best answer when the timer allows me to do so :)
Comment: One should check with the recipient beforehand if they have data connection, since depending on where they are and what plan they have, they might have disabled data connections for being too expensive.
Comment: @Tor-EinarJarnbjo I am aware of that, but there should be a kind of "limit" for each given number range. For example, even in Germany, it should not be possible to be charged a mobile call (which used to be much, much more expensive and/or are still excluded from some kind of flat rates) when I call a line number which is associated with my SIM card. (That's the very point of these numbers, after all.) But I see that things are different in different countries.


Apple Game Center - Unlinking games

Question: I have games challenging me that I have not had on my phone for years...Please help me remove them as it drives me crazy!
Comment: Can you provide more information like the name of the games, if they are fully deleted, etc.?  This will help in generating useful answers.
Answer: Simply open Game Center on your iPhone, switch to the games tab and swipe left on the games you want to remove. This will present you with a delete button.

Apple Game Center - Unlinking games


When the commutativity of the product of group subsets implies the commutativity of the group?

Question: Let $G$ be a finite group. Which are the values of $k$ for which if every two $k$-subsets of $G$ commute then $G$ is commutative? Clearly, this holds for $k=1$ and $k=2$.
Comment: Thus in the dihedral group of order 6, and all $k\ge 4$, the product of any two $k$-element subsets is the whole group (for $k\ge 7$, this is just a $\forall x\in\emptyset$ sentence, thus tautological).
Comment: It's not true for $k=4$, because the product of any two subsets of size $4$ in the dihedral group of order $6$ is equal to the whole group. I think a similar argument with dihedral groups will rule out any larger $k$. So that leaves $k=3$. The property does not appear to hold for $k=3$ in small nonabelian groups, so I would guess that it is true for $k=3$.
Answer: Here is a proof that the property holds for $k=3$. Let $G$ be a nonabelian group. Then $G$ contains an element $g$ with $g \ne g^{-1}$ and $g \not\in Z(G)$. Choose $h$ such that $gh \ne hg$.
Not let $A=\{1,g,h\}$, $B=\{1,g^{-1},h\}$. Then $AB= \{1,g,h,g^{-1},h^2,gh,hg^{-1}\}$ and $BA=\{1,g,h,g^{-1},h^2,hg,g^{-1}h\}$ (but there may be some repetitions in these lists of elements).
By the choice of $g,h$, we easily check that $gh \not\in BA$, so $AB \ne BA$.
Hence the property is true for $k=1,2,3$ and false for all larger $k$. There is no need to assume that $G$ is finite.


How to stop the layer being removed from the map window after packing the table

Question: In MapInfo whenever I pack a table that's open in the map window, it closes it in the map window and I have to reopen it. How can I prevent this?
Answer: You can't. Before you pack the table, save a 'whatever working' workspace to keep your layer structure and style overrides etc intact. Pack the table and reopen the 'working workspace'.
Answer: In the later versions of MapInfo Pro, the process that Ross describes has been automated.
The Advanced Pack tool will save a workspace before packing your table(s) and then open that workspace again once the table(s) have been packed.
And yes, you can also pack multiple tables in one process.


DSDM Atern or DSDM?

Question: Is the methodology named DSDM or DSDM Atern?
A colleague and I are writing reports on agile methodologies and there is a lot of conflicting information available as the latest specification we could find makes no reference of Atern but the DSDM consortium's website still says DSDM Atern on it. Any sources are welcomed.
Comment: I'm not sure this is a question about project management as defined in [ask]
Answer: From the DSDM entry in wikipedia:

In 2014, DSDM dropped the branding 'Atern' and reverted to its
  original name in the latest version of the method in the 'DSDM Agile
  Project Framework' positioned as "an ideal wrapper for more limited
  Agile frameworks.

DSDM Atern or DSDM?


How to disable prompt for running application in Windows Server 2008

Question: I just installed an application in Windows Server 2008. When I run it, a dialog is displayed as warning to confirm it's running. Is there any way to disable the prompt?
Comment: mind posting a screenshot of the dialog?
Answer: Its called UAC (user account control). Its a "feature" added since Vista.
A little background:
Windows wasn't originally designed as a true multiuser operating system. Until Windows 95, it basically had no security at all. With each sucessive version, Microsoft tried to improve the security but they were limited in how far they could go and still keep backwards compatibility.
Most software developers got to used to the idea that the programs they wrote had unlimited access to the entire operating system. With Vista, Microsoft introduced UAC, which prompts the user anytime a program tries to access something that should really require administrative access. This is nothing new, other multiuser OSs have been doing this for years. In fact, most would require reentering your password every time you needed administrative access or even require you to login as a separate user with the necessary access rights. This isn't a big deal for other OSs because software developed for those systems only request administrative privledges if its really necessary.
With Windows, there are still a ton of programs that demand administrative privileges simply because it was convenient for the programmer to write it that way. Yes, you can turn UAC off. You can find instruction for doing so here. But it isn't a good idea. As annoying as it is, UAC is one line of defense to protect the operating system from malicious programs intent on corrupting your computer.
Comment: @MDMoore313 True enough. If those developers were following Microsoft's recommended practices they would design applications to run with limited privledges by default and use a [shield](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa511445.aspx#shieldIcon) icon to identify features that require elevated privledges. When users click those features the app should start a separate process with elevated privledges, which would prompt the user with the UAC screen. Let's face it, it's easier (for the developer) to force a user to always run as an administrator.
Comment: not sure if I can change security permission to get around this issue?
Comment: I read wiki page on UAC at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Account_Control. This confirms that the prompt is Windows VISA's thing.
Comment: It's a server running a thousand dollar OS. I would question the decision to LOWER security to shave an extra second off your day.
Comment: Which is why I cautioned against it.
Comment: What security did Windows 95 provide? Windows NT 3.1 provided individual logins for multiple users in 1993.
Comment: I was referring to consumer OSes. Most security features were introduced in the NT line first and then migrated to the the consumer line as an after thought. At least until the two lines were merged with XP. By today's standards even XP can hardly be considered secure without significant "hardening" steps.
Comment: +1, nice OS background. However I still run into apps that are ACTIVELY being developed that insist on having admin rights b/c they have to update some obscure reg key or install under the C:\ folder and the user needs explicit access to that folder as a workaround.
Answer: This is a very old post, but it showed up during my search for the same thing. I found this article (http://helpdeskgeek.com/how-to/turn-off-user-account-control-uac-for-a-specific-application/), which points to a application that allows exactly that.
The above article describes an application called UAC Trust Shortcut. It runs as a service which can be configured using the tray icon (or from a shortcut in the start menu). You provide it with a Name and the location of the program you want run as administrator. Clicking "Add" creates a new shortcut to that location on your desktop which runs as Administrator without the UAC Dialog.
Installation is also very simple, just follow the prompts provided. The program can be found directly at http://www.itknowledge24.com/, who provide a 32 and 64 bit version.
Comment: This is effectively a link only answer. Please summarize the content of the link so that if it goes dark, the only source of information in your answer is not lost.
Comment: Attempted to provide as much information as I could about the actual solution the article was referring to. Any other tips to make this a more complete answer?


Is Stochastic gradient descent and Online gradient descent compatible with Map-Reduce?

Question: My initial thoughts to this problem was no, since online and stochastic both use single values at a time. But what if say you have different online servers that act independently for a limited period of time and the collaborate. Or splitting your data set and preforming stochastic gradient descent on the sets of data one already has then combining it? (As far as I am aware stochastic is additive)
Comment: you might want to look at HOGWILD!: A Lock-Free Approach to Parallelizing Stochastic Gradient Descent http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.5730
Answer: There has been a considerable amount of work on parallelized SGD, that has been extended to the Map-Reduce paradigm.
I would suggest looking at publications like Parallelized Stochastic Gradient Descent by Zinkevich et al. or at Optimal Distributed Online Prediction Using Mini-Batches by Dekel et al.
There are many approaches to take in a distributed setting. You can use strict synchronization like the papers above use, you can use async gradient calculation at each worker like the HOGWILD! paper mentioned, or you can use stale synchronous iterations, like the work coming out of Eric Xing's lab at CMU.
For implementations you can look at the machine learning libraries of Apache Flink, Spark, and other distributed frameworks.
Answer: I work with Flink and right now I'm beginning to delve in this exact problem because I believe that the way Spark or Flink implement SGD is far from optimal. In particular Flink supports cyclic computation graph while Spark can't and that opens up a lot of possibilities for Flink that are precluded to Spark.
Bar's answer gave you a bit of insight on the problematic but I would like to give you an hint to research it starting from what is the actual state of the art.
Actually many frameworks implement what is known as Asynchronous SGD (the name "Downpour" is not really loved for some reason) or Sandblaster SGD. These allow you to parallelize well but they scale badly with the number of machines because network and disk overhead, together with the limitations of the specific implementations, waste a lot of time.
To my knowledge, one of the most interesting computational models to scale this kind of optimization is the one proposed by Petuum and implemented on their platform.
I've read the white paper and it looks really good.
Another and totally different model is the so called "parameter server" where the parameter set is held by a central node. This works well because even if you have a single point of failure and a computational bottleneck that you can't parallelize, the order of time required to apply a delta and broadcast it back is way less than the computation required by the other nodes. There are many different implementations but it's not really my field. Among them, I know that Microsoft's DMTK has crazy perfomances.


How many stacks does a windows program use?

Question: Are return address and data mixed/stored in the same stack, or in 2 different stacks, which is the case?
Answer: They are mixed. However, it depends on the actual programming language / compiler. I can image a compiler allocating space for local variable on the heap and keeping a pointer to the storage on the stack.
There is one stack per thread in each process. Hence, for example, a process with 20 threads has 20 independent stacks.
Answer: As others have already pointed out, it's mostly a single, mixed stack. I'll just add one minor detail: reasonably recent processors also have a small cache of return addresses that's stored in the processor itself, and this stores only return addresses, not other data. It's mostly invisible outside of faster execution though...
Answer: It depends on the compiler, but the x86 architecture is geared towards a single stack, due to the way push and pop instructions work with a single stack pointer. The compiler would have to do more work maintaining more than one stack.
Answer: On more note: every thread in Win32 has its own stack. So, when you tell "windows program" - it depends on how many threads it has. (Of course threads are created/exited during the runtime).


How to extract alarm ringtone files from my phone?

Question: I have an OPPO R11 and I really like one of the default alarm sounds, so I was wondering how I could extract the sound file from the Android system to save it. I've tried downloading ES File Explorer, and so far the only ringtone and notification sounds that I've found are for Google hangouts only. I've searched it pretty extensively but still haven't found where all the system tones are stored.
Comment: It isn't rooted, is it ?
Comment: Yes, it isn't rooted.
Answer: As far as i know you won't be able to read system directory on your phone without root permissions which also means that you won't be able get ringtones as it requires atleast read permission on system partition


Were the prophets such as Christ infallible in Islam's point of view?

Question: I want to know if Jesus of Nazareth (PBUH) was infallible form Islam's point of view?
Do we consider him free of error and sin just as our own prophet Muhammad (S.A.) was. What about other Abrahamic prophets such as Moses?
Comment: Yes, all the prophets indeed, according to Shi'ite though. If there is any doubt you can put forward directly and God Willing me or others will answer that. However, only let e mention that the infallibility in the sense of the 14 infallibles, announced by Allah as stated in Qur'aan, is only restricted to themselves.
Comment: Good source, but this Hadith is totally false. The entire Gabriel Cleansing story, according to Mutawatir Hadith, happened while the Prophet was sleeping before the Isra and Miraj. The text(matn) was moved to another event in his life by Anas ibn Malik(who was a boy when the prophet died). How could Anas have seen the marks on his body when he wasn't even alive? This is still ONE hadith and it is already appearing weak.
Comment: Do you have any written transcript to back your answer?
Comment: Regarding the infallibility of all the prophets peace be upon them for example see: قصص الانبیاء، سید نعمت الله جزایری, it has a whole chapter well devoted to the issue.
Comment: Thank you. Since I don't have access to the book it would be great if you could quote parts of the chapter here (in an answer) so I and others can vote and choose it if deemed qualified.
Comment: You have confined your question to Jesus peace be upon him to whom there is very little accusing of doing any sin. Indeed, I can answer if he himself introduced himself as a god, unless you know more blames about him?
Comment: There are ahadith that the Prophet SAW was the only one completely free of any sins throughout his life, and that all other humans, past prophets included have erred at one point of their lives or the other - this should not be taken to criticize them, nor to take them to task. It is simply human nature to err, and only the Prohpet PBUH who's heart was cleansed of all blackness as a child by the angels was free from such defects.
Comment: Also see [this question](http://islam.stackexchange.com/q/2738/584) and the answers to it one of which also contains some parts of the book introduced above.
Comment: @MahmoudAl-Qudsi what are these hadith? Do they have Sahih chains? The fact is, the QUran (GOD's word) refutes these kind of claims. However, Jesus and John seem to have a distinct Exalted status in it. No Angel met Muhammad until he was 40.
Comment: Yes, it is from Sahih Muslim: http://www.dailyhadithonline.com/2012/04/08/hadith-on-muhammad-gabriel-opened-the-heart-of-the-prophet-and-removed-satan-from-him/
Answer: Note. This answer comes from Sunni perspective:

I want to know if Jesus of Nazareth (PBUH) was infallible form Islam's point of view?
The Quran calls him 'Zakiyya' in 19:19. It is translated as Faultless / Sinless / Pure. A similar word is used to describe Yahya and an innocent young boy who was killed. No other human has this title. It shouldn't surprise you though. The Christian and Muslim Jesus are exactly the same (Except for Son of God, One with God, etc.) He is also called the Spirit, the Word, Al-Masih(to wipe).
Do we consider him free of error and sin just as our own prophet Muhammad (S.A.) was. What about other Abrahamic prophets such as Moses?
Yes, Jesus is free of error. Abu Hurairah states that "Satan's 2 fingers touched every child except for the Son of Mary."
Even Prophet Muhammad sinned until a verse was revealed saying that all sins, past and future, are forgiven. The other prophets are sinners, for example:

Adam: Tempted by Satan(Disobeyed God)
Abraham: Lied 3 times
Noah: returned to his son
Moses Killed an Egyptian
David: Adultery with Bethsheba (Cannot be refuted)
Muhammad: Killed Banu Qurayzah, a Jewish tribe. Refused a blind man once.

The prophets wives also sinned, as well as his Companions. As far as the Qur'an is concerned, only Jesus is sinless.
Comment: Can you provide a canon for your claims of prophets committing sin?
Comment: If you make claims like "cannot be refuted" you must back them with sources. And you cannot make a blanked statement about Prophet Muhammad's dealing with a Jewish tribe as being "his sin" without sources for that, either.
Comment: Muslims do not believe that David committed adultery, the Jews think so.
Comment: Wait, is it really a generally held view that Jesus was the only sinless prophet? Because that is very new to me
Comment: Also the prophet Yunus/Jonas who disobeyed Allah by abandoning his given task. Yunus was consequently eaten by a fish and would have remained there til the Day of Judgement had he not repented (As-Saaffat, 37:139-144)
Comment: How is the Banu Qurayda incident considered a sin? It was Sa'd b. Mua'dh's decision, and the Prophet (saws) praised it.
Answer: Sunni view:
Infallibility may be examined from 3 different angles:
1 – Infallibility in conveying the message
The Prophets were infallible in conveying the message from Allaah
In the Quran:

يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك وإن لم تفعل فما بلغت رسالته والله يعصمك من الناس إن الله لا يهدي القوم الكافرين
O Messenger, announce that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people. Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.

http://quran.com/5/67
and

ثم لقطعنا منه الوتين
Then We would have cut from him the aorta.
فما منكم من أحد عنه حاجزين
And there is no one of you who could prevent [Us] from him.

http://quran.com/69/44-47

وما هو على الغيب بضنين
And Muhammad is not a withholder of [knowledge of] the unseen.

http://quran.com/81/24
Shaykh 'Abd al-'Azeez ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in Fataawa Ibn Baaz, 6/371:

All the Muslims are unanimously agreed that the Prophets (peace be upon them) – especially Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) – are infallible and protected from error in that which they conveyed from Allaah. Allaah says

2 – Infallibility from human error
A-They do not commit major sins
B-Matters that have nothing to do with conveying the message and the revelation
As for A:
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah summed it up:

The view that the Prophets are infallible and protected against committing major sins, as opposed to minor sins, is the view of the majority of Muslim scholars and of all groups. It is also the view of the scholars of tafseer and hadeeth and fuqaha'. Indeed, nothing has been narrated from any of the salaf, imams, companions,those who met the compnaions and didn't meet the porphet(PBUH), and those who followed them except that which is in accordance with this view.

Majmoo' al-Fataawa, 4/319:
As for B:
Majority of scholars are of the view that they are not infallible when it comes to minor sins However, they hastened to repent therefrom if they did such a thing
evidence?
From the Quran:
Adam PBUH:

فأكلا منها فبدت لهما سوآتهما وطفقا يخصفان عليهما من ورق الجنة وعصى آدم ربه فغوى
And Adam and his wife ate of it, and their private parts became apparent to them, and they began to fasten over themselves from the leaves of Paradise. And Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred.
ثم اجتباه ربه فتاب عليه وهدى
Then his Lord chose him and turned to him in forgiveness and guided [him].

http://quran.com/20/121-122
Dawoud PBUH:

إن هذا أخي له تسع وتسعون نعجة ولي نعجة واحدة فقال أكفلنيها وعزني في الخطاب
Indeed this, my brother, has ninety-nine ewes, and I have one ewe; so he said, 'Entrust her to me,' and he overpowered me in speech."
قال لقد ظلمك بسؤال نعجتك إلى نعاجه وإن كثيرا من الخلطاء ليبغي بعضهم على بعض إلا الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات وقليل ما هم وظن داوود أنما فتناه فاستغفر ربه وخر راكعا وأناب
[David] said, "He has certainly wronged you in demanding your ewe [in addition] to his ewes. And indeed, many associates oppress one another, except for those who believe and do righteous deeds - and few are they." And David became certain that We had tried him, and he asked forgiveness of his Lord and fell down bowing [in prostration] and turned in repentance [to Allah ].

http://quran.com/38/23-24
Moses PBUH:

ودخل المدينة على حين غفلة من أهلها فوجد فيها رجلين يقتتلان هذا من شيعته وهذا من عدوه فاستغاثه الذي من شيعته على الذي من عدوه فوكزه موسى فقضى عليه قال هذا من عمل الشيطان إنه عدو مضل مبين
And he entered the city at a time of inattention by its people and found therein two men fighting: one from his faction and one from among his enemy. And the one from his faction called for help to him against the one from his enemy, so Moses struck him and [unintentionally] killed him. [Moses] said, "This is from the work of Satan. Indeed, he is a manifest, misleading enemy."
قال رب إني ظلمت نفسي فاغفر لي فغفر له إنه هو الغفور الرحيم
He said, "My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so forgive me," and He forgave him. Indeed, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.

http://quran.com/28/15-16
Prophet Mohamed PBUH :

ا أيها النبي لم تحرم ما أحل الله لك تبتغي مرضات أزواجك والله غفور رحيم
O Prophet, why do you prohibit [yourself from] what Allah has made lawful for you, seeking the approval of your wives? And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.

From the Hadith:
Muslim narrated in his Saheeh (4588) that Ibn 'Abbaas said:

When the prisoners were taken captive, the Messenger of Allaah (S) (PBUH) said to Abu Bakr and 'Umar: "What do you think about these prisoners?" Abu Bakr said: "O Prophet of Allaah, they are our cousins and kinsmen. I think that we should accept a ransom from them which will give us some support against the kuffaar, and perhaps Allaah will guide them to Islam." The Messenger of Allaah (PBUH) said: "What do you think, O Ibn al-Khattaab?" He said: "I say, no, by Allaah, O Messenger of Allaah. I do not agree with Abu Bakr. I think that you should hand them over to us so that we may strike their necks (execute them). Hand over Aqeel to 'Ali so that he may strike his neck, and hand over So and so – a relative of Umar – to me, for these are the leaders and veterans of kufr." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) liked what Abu Bakr said and he did not like what I ['Umar] said. The next day I came and found the Messenger of Allaah (PBUH) and Abu Bakr weeping. I said: "O Messenger of Allaah, tell me, what has made you and your companion weep? If there is a reason to weep, I will weep with you, and there is no reason, I will pretend to weep in sympathy with you because you are weeping." The Messenger of Allaah (PBUH) said: "I am weeping because I was shown the torture to which they were subjected. It was brought as close to me as this tree" – a tree which was near the Prophet of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) – then Allaah revealed the words (interpretation of the meaning):
ا كان لنبيّ أن يكون له أسرى حتى يثخن في الأرض تريدون عرض الدنيا والله يريد الآخرة والله عزيز حكيم
It is not for a prophet to have captives [of war] until he inflicts a massacre [upon Allah 's enemies] in the land. Some Muslims desire the commodities of this world, but Allah desires [for you] the Hereafter. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.
  لولا كتاب من الله سبق لمسكم فيما أخذتم عذاب عظيم
If not for a decree from Allah that preceded, you would have been touched for what you took by a great punishment.
  فكلوا مما غنمتم حلالا طيبا واتقوا الله إن الله غفور رحيم
So consume what you have taken of war booty [as being] lawful and good, and fear Allah . Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
http://quran.com/8/67-69

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah said:

What has been narrated from the majority of scholars is that they (the Prophets) are not infallible with regard to minor sins, but they are not left to persist therein. They do not say that this does not happen under any circumstances. The first group from whom it was narrated that they are infallible in all cases, and who say that the most, are the Shiite, who say that they are infallible and protected even against forgetfulness and misunderstanding.

Majmoo' al-Fataawa, 4/320

3- Unintentional mistakes with regard to some worldly matters
With regard to mistakes in some worldly matters, it is permissible for them to make such mistakes although their reason is sound and their insight is strong. This happened to several of the Prophets including our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). This happened with regard to various spheres of life such as medicine, agriculture, etc.
This happened to several of the Prophets including our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
Muslim narrated in his Saheeh (6127) that Raafi' ibn Khadeej said:

The Prophet of Allaah (PBUH) came to Madeenah and found them pollinating the palm trees. He said: "What are you doing?" They said: "We always do this." He said: "Perhaps if you do not do it, that will be better." So they did not do it, and the harvest failed. They told him about that and he said: "I am only human. If I tell you to do something with regard to your religion, then do it, but if I tell you to do something based on my own opinion, then I am only human."

Hence it is known that the Prophets are infallible and protected from error with regard to the Revelation, so we should beware of those who cast aspersions upon the Messenger's conveying of the Message and his laws, and say that it is his own personal opinion. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) could never do such a thing. Allah says:

وما ينطق عن الهوى
Nor does he speak from [his own] inclination.
إن هو إلا وحي يوحى
It is not but a revelation revealed,

http://quran.com/53/3-4
The Standing Committee was asked:
Do the Prophets and Messengers make mistakes? They replied:

Yes, they make mistakes but Allaah does not let them persist in their mistakes, rather he points out their mistakes to them as a mercy to them and their nations, and He forgives them for their mistakes, and accepts their repentance by His Grace and Mercy, for Allaah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful, as will be clear to anyone who studies the verses of the Qur'aan which speak of that.

Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa'imah, 3/194
Answer: It should be said that all the prophets are infallible but infallibility has different levels and some of the prophets, especially the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) are in a higher rank of infallibility. But there were three stages of infallibility among all the prophets and no prophet lacked these three stages. Those three stages are: 1- Infallibility in considering revelation, 2- Infallibility in propagating and expressing revelation, 3- Infallibility in acting on the message of revelation. In other words:
1- No prophet is mistaken in receiving revelation. 2- In conveying the revelation, he does not add anything to it, nor does he forget or mistake it. 3- In practice and execution, he does not act intentionally and inadvertently contrary to what has been revealed and legislated. This level is called the minimum infallibility without which prophecy cannot be formed, but there is also a higher level of infallibility, the highest of which is "maximum infallibility, according to which even the first cessation does not take place."
https://www.porseman.com/article/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%AA-%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86(%D8%B9)/8531


Where are the "rebellious citizens" in Assassin's Creed: Revelations?

Question: To recruit more assassins, the game says to find "rebellious citizens" (as opposed to winning back dens). Where can these citizens be found, and what are their markers on the map?
Answer: These are citizens under attack by the guards of the city. They appear on the map as black rectangle with a white circle in the middle and four white Ls in the corners, pointing at the middle.
Citizens will be available to recruit only if you have vacant spots in you assassin's roster. If you assign assassin's as local den master or send them to foreign dens, you'll be able to recruit more assassins.
On a side note, you can always open the map and check the map's legend to determine what is the symbol for every object on the map.
Answer: Take a note that potential recruits could not appear until some storyline keypoints passed, also in revelations there is a bit different mechanic for recruits - you should complete  short side-quest for getting recruit, not just save citizen from guards as in AC:Brotherhood.
Answer: Assassins that can be recruited appear on the map if you have room for them.
To get room, capture Templar Dens. Also, if one of your apprentices dies, you will be able to recruit another assassin to replace him. Note that Master Assassins cannot die; they will be injured and unavailable for use for 20 minutes.


Need help finding the right replacement screws

Question: I have lost the screws for my digital Piano, and would like to buy new ones from Home Depot or a local hardware store. The manual has some info, but it seems that I also need the tread size to find the proper screw. Any ideas how I can find the right screws?
Comment: With larger appliances, you can often find a parts/repair manual which would list more specifics, including part #s to order the screws. Not as much with smaller devices, but worth a try.
Answer: Some of the screws appear to have threads for wood (or plastic). The actual thread pitch isn't terribly important, so just buy screws of the correct size and with suitable heads.
Screw E is obviously a machine screw. 4mm screws typically have a standard thread pitch (0.70mm), so what you find should work. If there are multiple options, buy both and try them.
In case some of the 5mm screws are actually machine thread, common pitch is 0.80mm. Again, trial and error. They aren't usually expensive, and if you're careful with the packaging you can return leftovers.
Answer: As isherwood noted the plastic/wood screws should be more-or-less interchangeable for anything of the right diameter and length. Make you you get a screw with that washer head, though, that is required for helping to prevent pull through. Also, be sure to get the correct length - too short and it may not go far enough in to hold the other piece of plastic - too long and it could punch through the back of where it's supposed to stop and could hit something important like a circuit board or the point could stick out through a leg and catch your pants or skin.
For the machine screws, length, diameter and thread-pitch are very important. Remove an additional screw of the type that's missing (support the piano, if it's already assembled, to make sure the stand doesn't collapse with an additional screw missing) and take it with you to the store. Most big-box home improvement stores will have a screw thread sizer in the fastener aisle. Simply screw yours into the various nuts supplied until you find the one that it goes into very easily and without effort - that will be the correct pitch. If you have to force it at all, then you don't have the right thread pitch. Then all you need to do is find a small package of screws with that pitch and the correct length.
If you have lost all the screws, then buy a variety pack of machine and wood/plastic screws. You know the diameter and length (4 x 14mm is 4mm diameter and 14mm length), so those are easy. Just get something that has the right diameter/length in machine screws with a few different thread pitches. Try them until you find the right pitch to match up with the machine screw holes in your piano.
Keep the extra screws. Everyone needs a jar of random screws for future projects just like this. As a matter of fact, if you'd purchased a pack of screws for a previous project, some of the leftovers may have been just perfect for this one! ;)


Programming Need for Developing a common portal accessible to various users using Microsoft SharePoint

Question: I want to design a web based portal which would be used for Project Monitoring. Basically its my Masters degree Project and I am completely unaware of any of programming languages as I never came across any of them till date. I want to ask can i design such portal using Microsoft SharePoint without any Programming? And if programming is needed what kind of programming should I Learn. I want to link MS Project on that Portal as well. Please Help. Thanks..!!
Answer: That's a very big question(s) and a potentially a very big undertaking. Just so you know I would not even attempt such a thing without at least 2 - 3 people. There is just a lot to do. But, it's all about what you need and how much time you have. Maybe what you need for your project can be done with a collection of stock solutions.
I would take a look at what can be done on Office 365 / Project Online. Maybe you can leverage some of the starters they have. Maybe with a little tweaking they will meet your needs.
You are going to need Project Online, in my opinion. Project Online is basically the cloud incarnation of Project Server. It is coupled with SharePoint. Project Online has a good deal of built in reporting and you can expose a good deal of MS Project content in SharePoint.
Can you do it with no programming? That's going to depend on what you want. I suspect that for a masters project, which to me is basically a proof of concept, yes you probably can. Microsoft has done a lot in the past couple of years to enable out of the box solutions with "configuration only" via the administrative UIs.
That said, it's not a slam dunk. There is A LOT to learn. There can be A LOT to do.
If programming is needed you could be getting into several languages very fast. C#, Visual Basic, JavaScript, Transact SQL, and of course HTML & CSS are the biggies.
I'd avoid the programming route or find someone to help who has some programming experience.
So check out Office 365 & Project Online within that. I believe they have free student accounts but I am not sure.
Hope that helps.
Comment: Thanks for the solid explanation. I am pursuing internship at Die Casting Foundry. My internship work will be considered as my Masters Degree Project. Currently company has MS Project. But its not MS Project online or MS Project Server. Even they are not having the MS SharePoint. I need to present a presentation in which I am gonna explain them about the feasibility and methodology for this Project Monitoring Systems Idea. So I need to be very clear and precise while giving that presentation. Thanks a lot. Your answer will definitely help me. Any further suggestions..??


Editor Headers Merging to One Line

Question: I noticed something very annoying , usually at the top of the viewport there will be 2 lines with options (Image 1). but when I'm using 2.9(the latest version I can use renderman), the lines are merged into one(Image 2)(notice the options dropdown between the IPR button and the render mode). the issue becomes even more apparent when I'm using the texture painting tab (Image 3). can anyone please explain me what's happening because I don't know how to begin fixing this
Comment: Hi Please use a title that reflects the content of the question. It should be descriptive but succinct, unique and identifying, summarizing the issue so that users can at a glance understand what your post is about. Use the [edit] link below your post and avoid anything not strictly essential to the post. Remember, your title is the first thing potential visitors will see, and makes your question findable for future users. See ["*What is the problem with posting an image or link and asking "How do I do this?"*"](https://blender.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/2449)
Comment: I have no RenderMan so I have no idea if it has anything to do with this, but I cannot reproduce your issue. When I open Blender 2.90.0 I have two lines of menu just like in 3.4.1. If I right-click on the menu bar and disable _Show Tool Settings_, the second line disappears - but then the _Options_ dropdown is gone as well. Disabling _Show Tool Settings_ I can do in the latest version of Blender as well.
Answer: Go to Preferences > Interface and check/uncheck Region Overlap:
Comment: ...but that doesn't remove the "second line" of the header as requested.

Editor Headers Merging to One Line


Are Excalibur and Caliburn different swords?

Question: Arthurian legend features swords called "Excalibur" and "Caliburn". It is not clear to me whether these two swords are the same entity (at minimum, the names are clearly cognate), or whether they refer to different things. Or, perhaps, at some point in history, mythographers treated them separately before later unifying them as a single thing.
In particular, is either/both of these swords the sword that Arthur pulled from the stone? And is either/both the sword that Arthur received from the Lady of the Lake?
Comment: See also http://scifi.stackexchange.com/a/73181/4918 "Where did King Arthur get his sword, Excalibur?"
Comment: There is some interesting info on possible etymologies in this book: [Mythological Swords](https://books.google.com/books?id=3twNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&dq=Excalibur+etymology&source=bl&ots=5Zmxide9kG&sig=NoEe-_ik8fvxxpTpjI_8LS4GlK4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiGjKPtsu7UAhVGNz4KHVMjDcc4ChDoAQgzMAM#v=onepage&q=Excalibur%20etymology&f=false)
Answer: Arthurian legend is essentially combined from a wide variety of sources, and there doesn't seem to be a definitive answer.
The first narrative account is from Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain), 12th Century. He wrote, in Latin, of a sword called Caliburnus, which was made on the isle of Avalon.
Wace wrote Roman de Brut (12th Century), which is described as "an Old French translation and versification of [Monmouth]". According to Wiki, the sword is called  Calabrum, Callibourc, Chalabrun, and Calabrun (with alternate spellings such as Chalabrum, Calibore, Callibor, Caliborne, Calliborc, and Escaliborc).
Chretien de Troyes wrote, in Perceval, (again in the 12th Century), of a sword called Escalibor or Excalibor.
Robert de Boron (late 12th/early 13th Century), in Merlin, wrote of the Sword in the Stone, and about the idea of only "one true king" being able to retrieve the sword. It isn't confirmed that this sword is Excalibur, but later versions took this story and called the sword Excalibur.
Later, in the Post-Vulgate Cycle (13th Century), French writers attempted to bring together some of the scenes and characters of the legends (Wiki calls it a "rehandling of the earlier Vulgate Cycle"). In this version, the sword is called Excalibur, and is given to Arthur by the Lady of the Lake.
In Le Morte d'Arthur, by Thomas Malory, he gives both versions, and calls both Excalibur. Arthur receives the sword three different times in Le Morte, in three different ways (the stone, the lake and once in a battle).
Finally, according to the 15th Century Alliterative Morte Arthur, there is a sword called Clarent, a fragile sword designed for ceremonial purposes rather than fighting. The internet (though I haven't found an original source for this yet) associates this with being the Sword in the Stone.
In conclusion, there isn't a clear answer. The stories evolved quite a bit, and the sword that some writers took to be Excalibur was taken by others to mean Clarent.
However, it does seem that:

Excalibur and Caliburn do seem to be the same sword. It is a linguistic evolution. Both are taken to be Arthur's "main" sword, regardless of writer or name.
The Sword in the Stone, and the one from the Lake, may or may not be the same sword.
Clarent is not Excalibur, and is a different sword, wielded by King Arthur at points (and later, Mordred). It may be the Sword in the Stone, but is not the sword from the Lady in the Lake.
Answer: It's fairly easy to imagine how Caliburn may have migrated linguistically to Excalibur, especially as spelling was not standardised until the end of the 18th Century and copying of manuscripts was a performed by hand.
They are indeed two names for the same sword. Roman de Brut has both Caliborne, and Escaliborc in various copies of the document.
Answer: Caliburn and Excalibur are two different swords. Caliburn is the "sword in the stone" which is used to prove king Arthur's right to the throne. He used this weapon in many battles and won but at some point the "King's sword" is broken, leaving king Arthur with no powerful swords
And by accident, king Arthur found the lady of the lake and was given the sword Excalibur which is made by the wishes of mankind and said to give him the ability to win wars. Though at his last battle with Mordred, he's been wounded very bad and cause his death but before he died he ask Merlin to throw the Excalibur back to "The lady of the lake" by means of throwing it back the lake therefore the sacred sword is never been found.
Answer: I only know a bit of both legends so I may be a little off in saying this, but from what I know, Excalibur is English mythos and is depicted as a large broadsword and is called the sword of the king. On the other hand caliburn is a normal sword and is called the sword of victory. I think it is either norse or Irish mythos. However in both mythos they both are refered to as a sword that can cut through anything so they both have slightly different wording but the same root.
Answer: Everyone seems to have found different answers, and again after several years of obsessive research on the subject, I found a slightly different interpretation. What I found was that Caliburn was originally Uther Pendragon's sword, and after he died Merlin took his sword and stuck it into that rock, enchanting the blade so that no one could remove it. It later became known as the king's sword or the sword of the king when after many years of trying no one was able to remove it.
Obviously, Arthur removed it, and it became his main sword. Later, Arthur received Excalibur from the lady of the lake, then several years later returned it to the lady of the lake. The last part is kind of hazy, but, he ends up getting it again, for the final battle, and after his death, during the final battle, merlin throws it back into the lake; returning it to the lady of the lake.
Answer: personally I think that Excalibur and Caliburn are the same sword but... I think Excalibur is the reforged Caliburn
Caliburn was the sword in the stone then when Arthur broke it Merlin took it to the Lady of the Lake to make it whole again. So Caliburn got reforged into Excalibur
Comment: Although we appreciate your contribution and participation, it would be better if you can provide citations for your believe. Is there evidence from sources to suggest the two names are used as you argued?
Answer: The boy Arthur pulled his sword from stone (Earth) that had been struck by lightning (Fire). To be King he needed the sword from the Lake (Water) that was raised up into the Air by the Lady of the Lake. This is a message of alchemy and of balancing the Divine Masculine (left hemisphere) and Divine Feminine (right hemisphere).
The swords are two halves of the same whole. This is the Holy Grail that must be sought within.
Alchemy/ Hermetic Arts were outlawed in the times of these tales, and to have spoken as plainly as I have here would have had you hunted down by the Church and burned at the stake. Their libraries were burned and destroyed (and carted off to 'elsewhere' for 'safekeeping' no doubt).
The Legend is full of coded references to forbidden knowledge.
Answer: Caliburn was what Excalibur was made to be first, then when Arthur broke it, Merlin took it to the Lady of the Lake to make it whole again. So Caliburn got reforged into Excalibur. I found this out by reading the Timeline Story of Arthur Pendragon. If any of you do the same, you will see this, and that there is a blade that is Excalibur's dark — almost evil — equal made by those who wish to see the blade have a counter, a way to handle the fabled sword Excalibur.
Answer: I had heard a "traditional" version of the Arthurian legend that was from a source like the Brother's Grimm.  The  CALLEBURNE was a the lightning-struck sword in the stone.  Until it had been hit by lightning and basically re-forged by the intense heat and electrical current, it was a cheap, plain iron sword.  The moss, rust, and scale had built up on it for years and the bolt from the blue added in some new minerals from the moldstone and coke/charcoal from the lichens growing there: re-making it to fine steel.  Some even say that it was one Merlin's early attempt at sword smithing and that he had abandoned the mold as the sprue of steel had run throughout his mold.
Something like this:"Mother nature split the rock from way on high and broke away the Sword from the sprues and the lichen, slime, rust, other bits of dead corruption, and the living vines that had over-grown the mold that had become a Stone (in appearance anyway.) The pelting rain that follows the fireworks quenched the nearly molten steel. And perhaps the celestial arch even rendered lodestone (magnetized) of the blade in the process. As the Ore around the now-separated blade remained energized for hours after the jolt, the Field of current at the precipice of that hill would align every sliver of iron as it cooled with the very energy of all the metals deeply within the earth...  What had been Merlin's last failure as a Blacksmith and a beginning Alchemist had been corrected by the powers of the earth itself.
It is apparent to all that knew; Merlin had never actually been wrong, merely a sign of the impatience of his long-forgotten youth... as he could have certainly re-forged the weapon after that first casting went side-wrong.  He simple moved on to his next pyromancing adventure and experiments with new and better alloys of metal."
As I remember reading it...  It had to be over 30-35 years ago.  It seems to me that it was a collection of Irish Folk tales. Though it may as well have been more generically Gaelic tales that were a combination Welsh, Scottish, Norwegian, Belgian, Bretton, or Burgandy French. It was definitely translated/adapted from a non-english European language tale about the British Isles and a Wizard/Druid.
It was told from the POV of one of Merlin's relatives or at least a Druidic practical follower of the old ways of magic and enlightenment.  +I'll continue.This great sword was stolen from the corrupt regime of Arthur as he grew lax in the enforcement of his codes.  It was sold and cut into two separate swords by an opportunistic blacksmith that could make two fantastic single-sided blades from the double-edged Great Sword wonder.  These monstrosities were returned to Merlin, who re-forged them again back to a whole blade as one of his last acts for King Arthur.  To quench the sword, Merlin flung it into the edge of a lake that was drained by a powerful river; while the tip and edge of the new blade was white-hot.  It sang and shrieked as it flew through the night air. (at this point it is supposed that the location of the river is not in England, but Africa. What would later be Lake Victoria, Victoria Falls and a branch of the Nile. The pieces of Calleberne were found by Merlin on a quest of his own, only tangentially related to anything Arthurian.
He retrieved the pieces from the deserts of Arabia, and borrowed a kiln from an Alchemist in the area to re-forge the pieces into what would become Excalibur. Again: Forged by Merlin; perfected and blessed by nature...Then left to be claimed by Arthur, if he was noble enough.)  To retrieve the new sword Arthur would have to make peace with nature and pray to the water sprites that guarded that part of the world.   Then the Lady of the Lake would reveal its location at a bend of the river in a shallow pool, where it had been deposited within the night of it's re-forging.  All that had to happen was for the Queen of Water Nymphs to remove the fog from the King's eyes. He had been fighting in a Crusade and perhaps looking for the Holy Grail. Generally, just lost.  Merlin hoped to give him the path to settle his spirit and the tools to get back to being a decent human again.
How I remember bits and pieces of the story that connect the legends of two swords.  One sword that became two and then was made into yet another.More importantly, the connections and emotions that intertwine the lives of men and women with each other and the world around them are explored in a hopeful, romantic, and mystical tale. Like all myths  and legend; they are bent and adapted to the culture to tell the story according to how the Minstrel doing the singing wants to see the story unfold.Of course there is an agenda. Or two.


my system is almost useles after running this cmd sudo apt-get remove --purge '^nvidia-.*'

Question: Hello I'm very new to linux and the cmd line and have been learning a lot through google, firefox, and bing.  I'm running Ubuntu server Xenial 16.04.07 LTS with all security patches from ubuntu, intrams enabled fips ect. on a WS WRX80-E SE SAGE WIFI PRO Asus board with a Threadripper pro 3975x with my ubuntu server on a fire cuda nvme m.2 ssd and many more drives as well 132 gb of ram after I put this cmd "sudo apt-get remove --purge '^nvidia-.' ...*" and following through with the question it asked me my system cant run any commands and now and is practically useless and broken. I was trying to fix my issue with  my two graphics cards not being detected and I guess I did the wrong thing.  I tried so many different ways that I thought by removing nvadia completely and then reinstalling it would help me but the person who posted the command I ran did me a very terrible diss-service as it was never my intent to take all of my permissions away and render my system useless and thus halt me on my projects.  I hope some one on this site has working knowledge of the command I ran and what I did to my system and can help me fix all these issue. I have one thing going for me and that is that I'm still sshd in a terminal if you have working knowledge and a clear understanding of what happens when the above command is run please get back to me with a resolution.  Thank you
Comment: Do you remember what the question you were asked was? Did you have to answer "Yes, do as I say!" or was "Y" (or even just pressing Enter) sufficient?
Comment: yes I put that answer in the terminal and then said no to the rest of the questions when ii saw what was happening Yes, Do as I say!
Comment: You can probably fix your system by logging in to a text console and running `sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver`. Depending on what else got removed, you may also need to install various applications.  `sudo apt-get install task-desktop` is probably a good start.
Answer: When apt asks you a question where you have to enter "Yes, do as I say!", it's because it's about to perform a destructive action, and recovering from it is likely to be difficult. The information in your question doesn't specify exactly what that destructive action was in your case, but if you really ran
sudo apt-get remove --purge '^nvidia-.' ...*

as indicated in your question, you've probably removed most if not all of the packages in your system.
Recovering from that, from the running system, is extremely difficult, and I wouldn't want to try to write an answer explaining how to do so. If there's any data you haven't backed up, you'll need to reboot the system using recovery media, and back it up. Once that's done, you'll have to re-install your system.
It would be best if you could find someone knowledgeable who can help you directly, rather than through Stack Exchange.
Comment: okay this is what I kind of figured I guess the only thing now is how do I actually back it up as nothing is working at all.. Well there's a lot of data but nothing that I cant with a weeks of time put back together so I'm probably just going to reinstall my system thank you for reconfirming the extent of the damage I thought i did. lesson learned and I'm sure there's many more just hopefully not on this grand of scale again.  I appreciate your honesty and getting t o the point
Comment: If you boot from recovery media you'll be able to back your data up. The installation images for most distributions have a recovery mode you can use for this.
Comment: thank you. I'm going to start backing up my data.  I read a lot of articles that talk about backing your system and files just kind of been brushing that subject to the side not thinking I would ever have the need too.  I'm definitely learning how important it really can be to back up a system, tell it happens to you.  "so that's why people are always talking about the importance of backing your system files"  Dah! Thank you...Mr. Kitt!


Contempt of court?

Question: Ex partner agreed to sign a quit claim deed as part of the parenting plan back in March 2019.  To this point he is refusing and still won't sign it and submit to recorders office.  Is this something I can file a motion of contempt on? And if so what is the correct process or form I should use for Illinois?
Answer: The required form for a parenting plan is here, and the form for judgment of dissolution of marriage / civil union is here. As you can see, the parenting plan has no provisions for signing quitclaim deeds, instead that is with section H of the dissolution form. Presumably you filled in section H, the judgment was entered, the case is closed, and now it has to be enforced. As this article says, "It is very difficult to get the opposing party to sign a quit claim deed to you after the case is closed, and it can be time-consuming and costly to bring the matter back into court...The issue of obtaining a quit claim deed can more expeditiously be handled while the divorce case is pending and the parties still have leverage over one another". There is no simple "file a form" solution. Although a Marital Settlement Agreement is legally a contract, if one party refuses to abide by the terms of the contract you have to sue them. So you need a lawyer.
Comment: Sorry instead of parenting agreement, it was actually a settlement agreement. Does this make a difference?
Comment: Illinois really is dreadful procedurally on this score. It might be possible to file an enforcement petition in the same court under 750 ILCS 5/511 but how that is done is vague at best. In Colorado it would be a simple post-trial Rule 70 motion ordering a clerk to sign it on behalf of the spouse, but Illinois is much harder and really does call for a lawyer.

Contempt of court?


I would like to make a water cube however I would only one plane/surface to have the water simulation active

Question: so the title pretty much sums up what I want, the simulation I would like to have should have water physics/movement on the top plane of the cube while the side plans would follow the movement/physics of the edges of the top plane but have no other physics them self, bottom plan would be a still plane. Thank you for your help.
Answer: Ok! Sounds like fun.
Create your cube to set it to be a fluid simulation bound. Fill it with fluid using another cube and gravity should hold the side and bottom faces flat. It may need a few frames at the beginning to settle.
In theory, the simulation should bake and only the top surface has room to move. If there are any inconsistencies, use the boolean modifier to clean up the sides.
If you want the fluid to flow over the edge that is a whole nother step of complexity that I feel you haven't asked for. If this is what you want please update your question using the edit button.
If you are confused about any of the topics I have brought up and are not in italic, I will help you. Any in italics are easily found on the internet so please don't ask.
Not meaning to be rude but no need to repeat what is already freely available :D
Good luck with your project and I hope I helped,
BFB


Isometries of the Plane, Euclidean space $R^3$ and isometries of the Platonic polyhedra.

Question: I want to study the isometries of plane, Euclidean space, and the platonic polyhedra. I am new to this topics.
Can any one suggest books that contain these topic with details and basic explanation through algebraic approach.
Answer: I'd suggest "Regular Polytopes" from H.S.M. Coxeter.
It even deals with $\mathbb{R}^4$ and beyond.
--- rk
Comment: sir it's not available on any website!
Comment: Well, cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_Polytopes_(book), the Wikipedia recension. In the notes given there you find a link next to the author (Coxeter) which directs you to the Google books. That page then provides an online preview of most of its pages… - Or just buy that book.