Altitude and Yeast

Question: I live at 9200 feet I am on my second batch of beer. Both batches did not really chug as I call it.First batch tastes great but no carbonation Second batch yeast rose up but went flat in 1 day just added fishtank aerator. Any suggestions?
Comment: Could you please provide more details about the batches as I am pretty sure the altitude is not your problem?
Comment: If it foamed up and went flat then the yeast may be mostly done fermenting. I wouldn't use the aerator at this point (may give oxidation). Check your gravity if you can to see how far along fermentation is.
Comment: 1 was IPA 1 brewing now is a stout Followed all directions just doesn't seem like yeast is doing its job. IPA tasted great on bottling day but no carbonation in bottles Stout foam 1st day in bucket then flat
Comment: Are these all grain/kit/partial mash?
How old was your yeast?
Did you make a starter?
Comment: Best Brewers Kit Just followed their instructions Really have no idea how old yeast is. Will the gravity read some where between the beginning and final?
Answer: At that elevation you're only about 4 psi lower than sea level.
While it would seem wort wouldn't hold oxygen as well for the yeast at that elevation I think it's negligible.
You can always add more oxygen if the yeast seems slugish, but I would stop once you know alcohol is present.
Sounds more like the yeast is stressed from poor nutients, health, or pitch volume.
Edit: let me start again, gratz on your first brews
What you're seeing can be normal fermentation, the foam (krausen) will always fall back in. Your beers Carbonation doesn't happen at this point. Carbonation is achieved by adding a priming sugar when bottling, or by force if kegging. Some kits may have a single vessel for fermenting and serving where the fermentor is sealed like a keg when fermentation nears the end.
Comment: How does yeast get stressed? TY
Comment: @GMan low cell count, low nutrients, high abv, wrong temperatures, low oxygen, all these can make it hard on the yeast.
Comment: Can you add more yeast when you bottle or will that effect the taste?
Comment: @GMan you can and is common to make sure each has sufficient yeast. Drop of trub, or just a few granules of dry does the trick.

Altitude and Yeast


htaccess rewrite

Question: I've rebuilt a site using a CMS and I want to make the old urls point to the new pages. I'm having trouble because the old URL looks like this: ?secc=country_club. For instance, domain.com?secc=country_club.
I would like to either have a rule for each url or have it rewrite the ?secc=country-club to just country-club
This is what I have tried, without any success:
RewriteRule ^secc-([^-]*)$ /?secc=$1 [L]

I think it has something to do with the ? in the url
Also if it helps, I am using joomla and I do have sh404sef.
Comment: are there other possible values of 'secc' ?  do you need to replace '_' to '-' ? is this the result you'd like to achieve ?
Comment: Yes there are multiple urls such as '?secc=desarrollo' but then there is one more type like so '?secc=desarrollo⊂=planos'

Is there any way I can rewrite the urls individually into something new? Ive tried the online generators but none of them have worked, i think it has something to do with the '?' but I'm not sure.
Answer: RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^secc=(.+)$
RewriteRule ^(.*) %1? [R,L]

This will redirect http://example.com/?secc=MYPAGE to http://example.com/MYPAGE
Comment: ok this gets me somewhere but this it is putting in the entire file path
Comment: it changed the url to domain.com/var/chroot/home/content/m/e/r/accoutnname/html/newsite/desarrollo
Comment: I edited the answer a bit (added RewriteBase). If the site is in a subfolder, just replace / with /my/sub/folder/
Answer: I think you meant to write '=' after ^secc:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^?secc=(.*)$ "$1" [QSA]

Comment: Still not working but let me rephrase, say I wanted to add each url has its own rule, how can I make it say  domain.com?secc=test_page -> domain.com/test-page
Comment: and would i be able to copy the rule but change the url, for each url?
Comment: 500 error when i load the page. See my comemnt above for the other guys solution. It almost works but nothing, any ideas?

htaccess rewrite


Visual Studio 2008 jQuery IntelliSense sporadically fails, restarting VS fixes

Question: Right off the bat, this is not your standard "I can't get javascript IntelliSense to work in Visual Studio."  For the record:

I'm using Visual Studio 2008
I have installed SP 1
I have installed the hotfix for -vsdoc.js documentation files KB958502

I am developing a suite of interrelated jQuery plugins to be packaged as resources in a class library.  So within a directory, I have (as an example):

jquery-vsdoc.js
core.js
plug1.js
plug2.js

In core.js, I have the following at the top of the file:
<code>/// <reference path="jquery-vsdoc.js" />
</code>
Then in each of the plug#.js, I have:
<code>/// <reference path="jquery-vsdoc.js" />
/// <reference path="core.js" />
</code>
The IntelliSense works initially, even including the additions from core.js when working in the plugins.  However, sometimes the slightest change, even adding and removing a space from the reference XML tags, or pressing Ctrl-Shift-J, results in the dreaded "Error updating JScript IntelliSense: Client-side script IntelliSense information was not generated due to an error in an external script reference."  Except it was working with that external script reference just a second ago!
For the jquery-vsdoc.js, I am using Comment Version 1.3.2b (that's what it says in the file) from http://jqueryjs.googlecode.com/files/jquery-1.3.2-vsdoc2.js.  I am omitting the version number from the file so that I don't have to change a bunch of references when it's inevitably updated.
So what could be the problem?  Restarting Visual Studio is proving to be a horribly inelegant (and time-consuming) workaround.
Answer: Have you tried increasing the IntelliSense timeout?

By default, every IntelliSense request
  is only allowed 15s to execute.  This
  is to prevent IntelliSense from
  scripts with infinite loops.  If you
  have a large script or slower machine,
  it may make sense to increase the
  timeout limit.  The timeout value
  store within following registry keys
  (depending on if your are using
  Express or the full product).  The
  value is in milliseconds so choose
  something greater than 15000.
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\9.0\HTML
  Editor\JsFailsafeTimeout
  HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VWDExpress\9.0\HTML
  Editor\JsFailsafeTimeout
Comment: Good suggestion!  Unfortunately (or fortunately?) I don't have large scripts or a slow machine.  The failure is instantaneous, it doesn't take 15 seconds.
Answer: Does closing and opening the file reset the state?
Open the task manager and watch the processes. Do you see a process called "typelibbuilder.exe" get started when you press Ctrl-Shift-J?
I'm trying to image what sort of problems might require a restart of VS. The processing of references (to which that message pertains) is done in a new and separate process every time you press Ctrl-Shift-J (unless processing has been disabled in which case you would see a different message). It almost sounds like the communication between VS and typelibbuilder or some other necessary component is failing.
In SP1, you shouldn't need to reference the "-vsdoc" files directly. If you reference "foo.js" and there is a "foo-vsdoc.js" file next to it, then VS will use the vsdoc version to generate intellisense. I doubt that is related to your problem though.
I know this isn't much consolation, but we've drastically improved performance and reliability of Javascript Intellisense in Visual Studio 2010. Beta1 is currently available to MSDN subscribers (although it is beta and there are still some bugs in it).
If you can get reliable repro steps, you could also file a bug report at http://connect.microsoft.com/.
Answer: I dont know if this will help you, but I've encountered the following bug in VS 2008 JS intellisense:
When adding jQuery as a reference in an external file, and then I update JS I get:
'XmlHttpRequest is undefined' on the line:
<code>return window.ActiveXObject ? new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") : new XMLHttpRequest();
</code>
It seems like the JS intellisense engine is actually executing some of the jQuery code (more than likely to inspect it so it can provide some more information about it).  However it looks like window.ActiveXObject is null to the engine, and so it falls into the 'new XMLHttpRequest()' block - which also fails.
I hacked a workaround that breaks all browsers except IE - so not a good solution.  My fix changes the following:
<code>    xhr: function()
    {
        // hack to fix VS 2008 intellisense... note this breaks any browser
        // except IE
        var objXhr = { open: function() { },
            setRequestHeader: function() { }
        };

        return window.ActiveXObject ? new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") : objXhr;
    },
</code>
Now my intellisense works.
Answer: You may want to disable JavaScript intellisense in Visual Studio.
When SP1 is installed you can disable JavaScript intellisense.
Go to Tools, Options...
The Options dialog will show up.
Navigate to the following node in the left hand sided panel:
Text Editor :: JScript :: General
Disable the following options (in the group Statement Completion):
* Auto list members
* Parameter information
Comment: That would get rid of the error.  However, it's not the error that's bugging me.  The IntelliSense is great and I like it - I want it to work!  Hopefully the improvements in Visual Studio 2010 render this question moot.


How do i install Andy the android emulator on Linux?

Question: I can't find a tutorial about this for whatever reason, so does anybody know how to install Andy? I have pretty much all the software I think I would need (Virtual box, an Android ISO,Andy.EXE which I tried running using wine) so if anybody could help me or provide me with a good tutorial that would be great. (i also saw a few tutorials on how to dual boot Android, I don't want to do that before anybody suggests it). I'm not a total newbie and I feel comfortable with the terminal, I can edit some things using VIM, I can find my why around the file system, I have written a scrypt before, etc but please don't suggest anything super complicated.
Comment: As Andy OS does not support Linux natively, you can try Anbox https://github.com/anbox/anbox for better support and performance.
Comment: @digiwizkid Really? I was told that it does, I can't remember where but I swear I was told it supports Linux. Are there any Linux compatible emulators that are more intended for gaming?
Comment: No officially they don't, see https://www.andyroid.net/ I am not sure about gaming but you can try Anbox
Comment: @digiwizkid I just found where I saw it http://aptgadget.com/best-android-emulators-linux/ but I guess it doesn't support Linux then, a bit later I'll try Anbox
Answer: They state that here is a linux version in the making.
in this article the download link takes me to a plain text page where it says:
"Andy doesnt run on a mobile device, The Linux version is closed for Alpha if you want to join the testers please email firstname.lastname@example.com or visit us again after July 30"
July 30 of what year I don't know, i'm gonna send em a mail for joining the alpha testing group
I did a more extensive search and found that the system requirements say it's compatible with Ubuntu 14.04 and up also I noticed they removed a reference to linux in this article, google still shows the old text..
I will post a update when they get back to me to let you know what the current standing is.
Edit: Genymotion is what I would recommend for the time being. Do keep a eye out for Andy tho Genymotion is very good but it is aimed at developers, if you want you can read the last link I posted they explain some differences there.
Answer: You have to use a virtual machine to set it up. You can download the Oracle VM VirtualBox from here.
After downloading and installing the virtual machine properly
create a virtual machine and install ANDY OS... easy as rocket science.
There is also an alternative to use Genymotion which is also wine-able, but I don't use it so I can't vouch for it's stability.
Comment: Too late, I already did just that. But since you are correct I will accept your answer :)
Comment: did you install an OS on the virtual box or you just installed the app?
Comment: Which one did you do? Installed VirtualBox and Andy OS on it or installed Genymotion instead?


Volatile variable

Question: Where is a volatile variable stored in the program memory (in which section)?
Comment: Related: *[Why is volatile needed in C?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/246127/why-is-volatile-needed-in-c/)*
Answer: volatile is a type qualifier not a storage class specifier, so it does not determine storage location at all; it affects the definition of a variable's type, not its storage.
It simply forces the compiler to explicitly read a variable whose type is volatile from the variable's storage location (wherever that may be) rather than assuming that some previously read value in a register for example remains valid.
Answer: In C volatile just tells the compiler - "You don't have enough knowledge to assume the value of this variable hasn't changed". There is no "section" eg BSS, CSS for it.
Consider it a flag to the compiler to prevent certain types of optimisations. Its very handy in embedded programming, where memory at a certain address may "change" due to a hardware device input.
Here's a good explanation: http://www.embedded.com/columns/programmingpointers/174300478?_requestid=137658
Comment: It depends, usually the compiler "remembers" that value is in a CPU register. volatile forces the compiler to never make that assumption, and reload the value each access (usually from main memory).
Comment: While optimizing, from where compiler will get this assumed value? I mean which part of memory?
Answer: The volatility of a variable does not change the place in which a variable is stored.  What it changes is the semantics around how it is accessed with respect to reads and writes.
I do not believe the C standard says anything about the implementation of volatile.  But typically, volatile guarantees release semantics for write operations on a variable and aquire semantics on read operations of a variable.  This will not be true for every implementation though and you should read up on what your specific compiler guarantees
Comment: no, it does NOT give those semantics see [this](http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2006/n2016.html) and [CERT](https://www.securecoding.cert.org/confluence/display/seccode/POS03-C.+Do+not+use+volatile+as+a+synchronization+primitive) saying 'don't use `volatile` for synchronization'
Answer: volatile has nothing to deal with storage class.
volatile just tells the compiler or force the compiler to "not to do the optimization" for that variable.
so compiler would not optimize the code for that variable and reading the value from the specified location, not through interal register which holds the previous value.
So, by declaring variable as volatile.. it gives garrantee that you will get the latest value, which may be alterred by an external event.
your code may be work fine if haven't declare that variable as volatile, but there may be chance of not getting correct value sometimes..
so to avoid that we should declare variable as volatile.
volatile is generally used when dealing with external events, like interrupts of hardware related pins.
example.
reading adc values.
const voltile means
you can not modify or alter the value of that variable in code. only external event can change the value.
controller pins are generally defines as volatile.
may be by declaring variable as volatile controller will do "read by pin"  not "read by latch"... this is my assumtion. may be wrong...
but still there is lots of confusion when to choose variable as volatile..
A variable should be declared volatile whenever its value could change unexpectedly. In practice, only three types of variables could change:

Memory-mapped peripheral registers
Global variables modified by an interrupt service routine
Global variables within a multi-threaded application

Link : http://eetimes.com/discussion/beginner-s-corner/4023801/Introduction-to-the-Volatile-Keyword
So It is proffered to variable as volatile in such cases.
Answer: There's no reason for a volatile variable to be stored in any "special" section of memory. It is normally stored together with any other variables, including non-volatile ones. If some compiler decides to store volatile variables in some special section of memory - there's nothing to prevent it from doing so. But at the language level there's absolutely no reason for this.
Why are you asking such a question? What made you think that it should be stored in some special section of memory?
Answer: "Volatile" was used in C/C++ specifications to allow use of memory mapped devices. It directs the compiler not to optimize the variable defined with this keyword, just because the variable doesn't seem to change its state in compiler-visible code.
Answer: when using longjmp() all the auto and register variables defined before setjump(), and changed between setjmp() and longjmp() will be restored to the values they held before setjmp() took place e.i "roll back", to prevent that you declare your auto variables as volatile.
BN this only happens when you tell the compiler to do its optimizations

Volatile variable


Usage of the word "genocide"

Question: I am wondering whether the word genocide can also be used for the killing of a group of people based on their religion, for example: 'the Sikh genocide'. I have never seen it used that way, I have seen 'Armenian Genocide', 'Kurdish genocide', so on and so forth.
Answer: Interesting question.
Houghton-Mifflin defines "genocide" as the killing of "an entire national, racial, religious, or ethnic group". "Religious" in there would indicate that it could be applied to killing people because they are Sikhs.
Random House says its "a national, racial, political, or cultural group". No mention of religion. Perhaps Sikhs could be considered a "culture".
Merriam-Webster also says "national, racial, political, or cultural group".
But Collins defines it as killing "a nationality or ethnic group". Sikhs don't meet that definition.
The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide defines it as "a national, ethnical, racial or religious group". (http://www.preventgenocide.org/genocide/officialtext.htm) Maybe that counts as an "official" definition.
(Note: The web page I cite said "ethnical". I assume they meant "ethnic". Whether that error is in the original document or was an error on the part of the people who made the web site I don't know. Just don't blame me.)
Comment: Perfect answer, thank you. I also believe the definition of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide is the  most 'weighty', if you will.
Comment: Note that the UN convention is often criticized as too narrow and too often misused. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-11108059
Comment: Seems like the difference between a cultural group and a religious group could be a rather blurry one.
Comment: Ethnical?? According to N-Grams, the two spellings "ethnic" and "ethnical" were about equal in British English up to around 1920.  http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=ethnical%2Cethnic&year_start=1840&year_end=1920&corpus=18&smoothing=3&share=
Comment: @GEdgar I stand corrected. I had never heard the word before and assumed it was a mis-spelling of "ethnic".
Answer: Yes, it can be used to label the killing of the members of a religious group:

"1 : the use of deliberate systematic measures (as killing, bodily or mental injury, unlivable conditions, prevention of births) calculated to bring about the extermination of a racial, political, or cultural group or to destroy the language, religion, or culture of a group" [MW3UDE]
Answer: The extermination or attempted extermination of all or part of a religious group would be recognized as genocide under both the legal definition set up by the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide  and the common usage as found in the news media or dictionaries.
Part 1 of Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction by Adam Jones (2010; Routledge) provides an excellent background on the coining of the term by Raphael Lemkin, its popularization and codification, and subsequent redefinitions offered by social scientists.

Usage of the word "genocide"


Starting page numbering on page greater than page #1 in Pages '09

Question: I want to add page numbers to the header of my document in Apple Pages '09. However, I would like the page numbering to start on page five; i.e. I want pages 1-4 to have no numbers, and for page #1 to start on page five. Is there any way to do this? I tried creating section breaks, but that has no effect on page numbers.
Answer: This just worked for me.
Create your you four pages.
Click on the last page (4) and then 'insert' a section break.
Now with page 5 selected ( click inside page)
Go to the 'Layout inspector' and set it to:

Insert Autopage Numbers. Settings:

You can now insert more pages and the numbers continue.
The first 4 pages have no numbers. And page 5 starts from 1 with the rest continuing on consecutively
Comment: Just notice you want page 5 to be page one. will look at that now.
Comment: Update answer to show how to set start page number
Comment: This is correct except that in your last illustration you show "include number on first page" as being selected. That should not be selected, in my experience. Otherwise, thanks, very helpful!


On the B737 When A and B systems are pretty much each other's back up for most things Why not for flaps?

Question: Why have a seperate system for flaps? Which is alternate flaps
Comment: You tagged 737, 747 and 777 while your title specifies 737. Please clarify whether you're asking about a specific aircraft type and if so, which.
Comment: Do you mean an actual 2nd set of flaps, or an alternate means of extending them (such as a backup hydraulic system)?
Answer: Both systems power the flight controls, with manual reversion as a backup if both fail (except for the rudder -- that's backed up by the standby hydraulic system).
The A system powers the landing gear for retraction, extension, and nose wheel steering.  The backup is a mechanical release to drop the gear if the A-system fails; there is no backup to retract the landing gear without the A system.  (For those who know what the LGTU is, I'm not forgetting about it, but that's more detail than this question is asking for.) Nosewheel steering can be selected to use the B system, starting with the Next Gen 737's; before that, it wasn't backed up & you'd stop straight ahead on the runway & be towed to the gate in the event of A-system failure.
The B system powers the flaps and leading edge devices, with an electric backup that can extend and retract the flaps, and can (only) extend the leading edge devices.
Both systems can power the wheel brakes, and if both fail there is a hydraulic accumulator that gives enough brake applications that you can stop straight ahead.
There are more details, but as a big-picture overview, that's what powers what & how each is backed up.


How deep of a notch can I cut into fence post?

Question: I have a 100 x 75mm fence post and want to cut a notch for a 70 x 45mm rail. If I cut the notch the full thickness of the rail it would only leave 30mm on the post. I'm assuming that's too much. Could I cut half of the 45mm thickness of the rail from the post and half from the rail? That would leave over 50mm on the post.
Comment: "I have a 100 x 75mm fence post and want to cut a notch for a 70 x 45mm post." I think there is a typo here that makes the question hard to understand.
Comment: I've edited the question, changing the second reference of post to rail. If this is incorrect, reverse the edit.
Comment: Orient the post so you cut the notch in the 100mm dimension.
Comment: @SolarMike That's a good suggestion but I'm not able to do that for various reasons.
Comment: @jrcollins is that because you have put them in already the wrong way round?
Comment: @SolarMike No, I'm cutting the notches before putting the posts in the ground. The main reason is the fence starts next to a building where there's a window. If I come out any further than 75mm the fence palings would extend out past the window frame.
Answer: Based on the understanding that the second reference to post means a reference to rail, your approach is sound. You'll be removing the minimum amount from both components while retaining the maximum strength for both.
Removing half from each means that the rail will be offset in the post and not flush with either edge, which is not particularly a problem, unless the esthetics are critical.
Comment: Sorry, I meant notch 22.5mm from both the rail and the post. That would mean the thickness of the rail is halved and over 50mm is left on the post. The outerface of both the rail and post would then be flush.


Relation between angular velocity and linear velocity in a pendulum

Question: For a pendulum in simple harmonic motion, I understand that the period is independent of amplitude, and I know that the angular velocity is inversely proportional to the period. However, doesn't the angular velocity change as linear speed changes?
Comment: Congratulations! This is the three hundred thousandth post (#300000) ever to be posted on this site.
Answer: Yes there is a very simple relationship between the angular velocity and the tangential velocity, given by $v_t = \omega r$, where $v_t$ is the tangential velocity, $\omega$ is the angular velocity and $r$ is the radius of the pendulum.
Answer: There are two different concepts of angular velocity associated with a pendulum, and you have mixed up the two.
The displacement of the pendulum is given by something like:
$$ x = A \sin(\omega t) \tag{1} $$
where $\omega$ is a constant called the angular velocity and related to the frequency and period by:
$$ \omega = 2\pi f = \frac{2\pi}{\tau} $$
However there also the angluar velocity of the pendulum bob around the pivot point which is given by:
$$ \Omega = \frac{v}{r} $$
and if we differentiate equation (1) to get the velocity we get:
$$ \Omega = \frac{A\omega}{r} \cos(\omega t) \tag{2} $$
so this second type of angular velocity is not a constant. Your confusion arises because you have mixed up the constant $\omega$ and the variable $\Omega$.
Comment: Thank you for your answer! So if the variable angular velocity is the bob around the pivot, where does the constant angular velocity come from? How would you measure that? I'm a bit confused why there are two.
Comment: @johnsmith4725: it's because simple harmonic motion is closely connected to circular motion. Have a look through [these related videos](https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=shm+circular). The constant angular velocity is the angular velocity of the associated circular motion.


Moto G (XT1039) running out of memory

Question: Can anybody help please? My Motorola Moto G (XT1039) is reporting "Storage space running out". Settings > Storage confirms I apparently have only 302MB available from an internal capacity of 5.52GB. I can't now do any app updates, nor does Sync work anywhere. I've already followed the standard advice and moved all the apps (that allow this) to the SD card, together with all photos. Further investigation of Storage shows I have apps totalling 3.5GB, and all other items (including cached data and misc) only total 320MB, a grand total of less than 3.6GB. I should have around 2GB free. Why is it not reporting this, and allowing updates and sync to work? Or, what else is occupying the space, and why doesn't it show me that? What I actually need to know is what can I do about it?
Answer: 3.5 Gb of data storage used by apps only is a serious issue. you should clean your device on regular basis (not physically, clear the junk files i mean).
On any device the first thing I do is disable the unnecessary applications in settings. Bloatwares eat a lot of space in storage plus if you have good Internet connection they go on updating themselves over time thus reducing our precious space. you can disable them in Settings -> Apps -> all. then from list click on any app you want to disable. just be careful while disabling unknown apps as it may lead to unstable system so do it on your own risk. you can also use uninstall helpers from play store. click on Clear data button before disabling. it will remove the data of that application.
Next, try to clean the app cache. Its not usually more than few megabytes but still it can help. And cleaning cache will not wipe the application data or uninstall the updates so you can go for it. use apps like Clean master or similar to keep cache clean on regular basis.
Lastly try to uninstall the app updates which you don't use or use very less. and keep the "auto update over WiFi" feature of play store 'off' so that you can choose which apps to update and save space.
Comment: Thanks Spark for your help. I've now disabled all unnecessary apps. All apps that will allow it are on the SD card (was already done). Cached data is cleared (2.98MB remains). Sync and updates work now. But after doing all updates, and accidentally losing 2 apps, apps has gone up to 3.86GB, but available space is 467Mb. There's no space to reinstall the 2 apps I've lost. I may only have temporarily solved my problem. Do I have a bloatware problem (see reply to Abhishek K)
Answer: I personally would not prefer applications like clean master as to clear the junk files and memory, because most of the applications like clean master are bloatwares.
The simplest and efficient method is to clear your system cache by

Settings > Storage and USB > Internal Storage > Cached data

There are some apps that have a fewer package size, but grow after installations. You can identify them in your Settins > Apps. And some of the static applications which you would not use frequently can be uninstalled after taking their apk backed up with some advanced file managers like ES file explorer.
And also try not to install huge number of applications. Or may be move their data into the SD card by

Settings > Apps > 'your_application' > Move to Sd card
Comment: Thanks Abhishek K for your help.

You use the term "bloatware", which I may not understand properly. I take it to mean an app which grows substantially in size after it's initially installed. For instance: "All 4", taking up 143MB total, shows "App" at 36.06MB, and "Data" at 107MB. Is this an example? What is this data? Can I delete it? Or if I uninstall and reinstall will it revert to 36MB and work fine? There are probably many examples of this (for instance Facebook, which was 270MB of my storage, claims a download size of only 45MB).
Comment: Not all apps that grow in size are bloatwares. You can clearly understand the term bloatware from google. Famous applications like Clean master, ES file explorer, Quickpic etc. have become more of that kind (bloatware) by functioning deviated from their actual purpose. Try to understand about such apps from the internet and thus you can avoid most of the problems facing now, like memory, speed and privacy issues

Moto G (XT1039) running out of memory


How to create variations in commerce file?

Question: I am creating a ecommerce site selling downloads. Currently, I am trying to get product attributes to work with commerce file. I have created a select list taxonomy for operating systems, so the user uploading the file would be able to select operation systems. I need a way for users to be able to upload different files depending on operating systems they selected, for the same product. Thanks in advance! (I am using a normal Drupal with commerce installed I.e. Not kickstart 2, just a standard Drupal installation)
Answer: The set up should be:  a single product display whose product reference field has both the (I'm assuming) Windows file and Mac file.  The relevant product attribute being that taxonomy term.  So, in your product type, place that taxonomy term.  It sounds as if you put that taxonomy term on your product display, which is a node type.
Note:  products entities = variations in Kickstart 2.  Products I believe refer to product displays.
Comment: Just to clarify, I am using not kickstart, just normal Drupal.


Automatic agricultural robot using 8051

Question: I want to build a automatic agricultural robot for my final year diploma project. The basic idea is to program 8051 to drive the robot in a fixed path in farm for ploughing the farm which i am planning to do by setting a particular distance till which it will go straight and then take a U turn and plough in next lane. Width of the farm will also be set so when it completes full farm it'll stop and go back to starting point. the only catch is to reprogram it as per size of the farm of the person who uses it. So i want to add a number pad with which he can set the length and width of the farm as well as width of each lane as per his needs without professional help. Can this be done using 8051 or should i go for AVR or PIC microcontrollers. I have just started studying programming and interfacing of 8051 so I am not that good in programming. If its possible how do i do it. can someone please help me with circuit diagram for this project. After everything i said i need in my project if i still get an empty port in microcontroller I would love to add a fertilizer sprayer or water irrigation system and a GSM module so that a farmer can simply ask the robot to start working using his mobile phone. As I am making just a prototype i want it to be as small as possible. Suggestions are welcomed.
Answer: Because you want your prototype to be as small as possible, it would be important to pick a "job" for the farmer that is well suited to a small platform. Tillage is going to require lots of horsepower and is, therefore, perhaps not the best match. There is considerable interest currently in weeds, for example. Perhaps give your prototype some boundary within which to work and have it search for weeds? Generally speaking, we find that the perfect rectangular field is less common than might be expected, so I'd keep that in mind as you develop a coverage algorithm.

Automatic agricultural robot using 8051


Automatic background removal from images without user interaction

Question: I am trying to develop an image search application. I have crawled through e-commerce websites and obtained a data set of images (about 2.5 Million). Now I want to identify the object of interest from each image so that when I do a feature comparison on large scale the results will be accurate (generally there is only one object of interest in each image). I went through grab cuts and graph cuts but that requires user interaction of some sort. Is there any way where I can remove the user interaction aspect and do this automatically?
Answer: Improving on Saeed's answer, I list here two algorithms I have used for the task of finding the region of interest (ROI):
1- Efficient Subwindow Search, which finds a rectangular ROI. It's very efficient but needs a lot of preprocessing to work properly;
2- Saliency detection, which finds 'important' pixels in an image. It doesn't try to find a rectangular bounding box. Very easy to use.
The codes for both of these algorithms are available on the internet.
Answer: You may find the Salient Object Segmentation so useful in your problem.
Here is the idea:
When human freely looks at a scene, there are some objects that involuntarily grabs the human attention. These objects are often the most informative ones in the scene, and are passed for detailed analysis in Human Visual System.
Skipping the neuro-scientific aspect of this field of study, Visual Saliency detection researchers in Computer Vision Computer community are making amazing improvements on proposing algorithms to make the machine to predict these regions in an image.
Interestingly, these salienct objects are the objects in the scene which convey the most amount of information regarding the scene or whatever.
Another bonus is that there are plenty of ready-to-launch implementation over the web which can be used.
Just google the term: "Salient Object Segmentation" or "Human Fixation Prediction" and pick one out of pool.


Do I need to use OpenID or is OAuth enough?

Question: I'm working on a web based project where we make use of the user's Google feeds and we store some information about them in our database.  We don't want to make users create accounts with us, but instead they sign in using their Google credentials.  It's clear to me that we'll need OAuth, but I'm wondering about the OpenID part.  Is there uniquely identifiable information about the user we can access via OAuth to keep track of their data across sessions on our end?  If so, what would be the benefit of using OpenID?
Answer: OpenID and OAuth are (in theory if not in practice) used for two separate functions:
OpenID is means of managing identity and minimizing account creation. Example: I want to use my Google account to log in wherever I go.
OAuth is a means of sharing information about a user in a controlled yet open/interoperable fashion. Example: I want to allow Twitter to access my Google contacts without having to give Twitter my Google username and password.
What that means is that for login situations you want OpenID. If you need access to a user's data, you want OAuth. Some services, such as Twitter, have chosen to do login via OAuth, but that's a misuse of the protocol more than anything.
What's really cool these days, however, is that some providers are starting to do hybrid OpenID + OAuth so that the account login and information sharing authorization can be done in a single step instead of multiple steps. Google is one of the leaders in this arena. You can take a look at this Google blog post for a good overview of what they've been creating.
Hopefully that helps and gives you a better idea of what you're looking for.
Comment: Yeah, I'm working with the hybrid protocol.  The impetus for my question was actually my desire to develop on localhost, which the hybrid apparently doesn't allow, but OAuth alone does, so I'm stuck finding a workaround for localhost.
Answer: My general advice would be that providing users with the option is a good thing. I login to this site with OpenID. It's quick and simple, so I have a better user experience this way.


Error while loading mongodb

Question: when I put mongo command on terminal it gives me error like
mongo: error while loading shared libraries: libmozjs.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Answer: This sounds like you simply downloaded mongodb tarball and installed it without all of the dependencies.
You should either download the deb file or setup apt to get the deb from the 10gen repos.  See here.
Your error is most likely due to the fact that you're missing the xulrunner package, which is part of the mozilla/firefox stuff.  Mongo uses the javascript engine that is part of firefox.
One note: due to the fact that mongo depends on xulrunner, xulrunner depends on lots of other things, be prepared to install lots of seemingly unnecessary packages to get mongo running.
Answer: i guess you installed mongodb by this command :
<code> sudo apt-get install mongodb
</code>
if then try this
<code>sudo apt-get --purge remove mongodb
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10
sudo apt-add-repository \
"deb http://downloads.mongodb.org/distros/ubuntu 10.4 10gen"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mongodb-snapshot
</code>
Here is a nice tutorial about Getting started with MongoDB under Ubuntu
Hope this helps.
UPDATE: This  bug is fixed in the version 1:1.2.2-1ubuntu1.1. see the bug entry.
              You can download it here. 1:1.2.2-1ubuntu1.1

Error while loading mongodb


What happens when my opponent sinks the black ball by hand?

Question: If my opponent sinks the black ball by their hand, do I win or carry on playing?
Comment: This is an interesting question in a way. I am not sure how the rules would be interpreted if the hand accidentally put the 8-ball into the pocket. Reading the answer provided by @dly I would say loss of frame. But, if it was deliberate, then in tournaments I play it would be considered bad sportsmanship which could attract league penalties and definitely loss of frame. There could be allowances made in non-professional tournaments for accident but that would be down to the league rules
Answer: You win.
There are different rule sets, but usually they're equal when it comes to illegally pocketing black: The opponent wins that game.
Example:

F. LOSS OF GAME

Pocketing the 8-ball when it is not the legal object ball except on an opening break.
Pocketing the 8-ball on the same stroke as the last of his group of balls.
Jumping or knocking the 8-ball off the table at any time.
Pocketing the 8-ball in a pocket other than the one designated.
Fouling while (pocketing) the 8-ball in the designated pocket.
Third infraction of the slow play rule.
Pocketing the 8-ball and the cue ball on the break stroke. (This varies, if your league considers an 8-ball break a win.)
Not correctly marking the pocket while pocketing the 8-ball.


How do I transfer funds from Lebanon to the USA without penalty?

Question: My parents have funds in a Lebanese bank that they want to transfer to their US bank account.  They are being told that there is a 35% fee on outgoing transfers from Lebanon.  How can I find out if this is true?  And/or is there a way around the fee?
Comment: As an individual with family in Lebanon, I know they have resorted to other means for transferring significant amounts over time (ferry into Larnaca, then bring cash in person to a bank with reciprocity with American counterparts)
Comment: As with the recent question about something similar from Bangladesh, I suspect your best bet would be to talk to the specialists at a large commercial bank which does business in that part of the world. If it can be done in any plausibly legal way, they will know how.
Comment: you can try your luck with a bitcoin based provider like Circle.com which is backed by players such as former Goldman Sachs members and large VC firms in the US, a lot of people outside the US have been able to move funds to Circle.com and then transfer that to Coinbase.com which is connected to their US bank account. Didn't write this as an answer because there are more factors that could affect you and your mileage may vary. But, if you could acquire bitcoin in any way, you will be able to accomplish the same thing, within an hour. So you don't have to worry about the volatility
Answer: The question is less about penalty and more about risks.
35% sounds pretty steep but consider an alternative like withdrawing money yourself and transporting it out of the country to be deposited in another bank. You likely can't drive it through Syria right now. South into Israel and you might encounter problems as well. Suitcase through the Hezbollah controlled airport? Ferry to Cyrpus? Each of these methods doesn't have a "fee" but includes more effort and risk.
Have you considered something like Western Union to the a recipient in the US? There is still a fee but it's less than 35%. The risk of carrying the cash between the bank and Western Union is still present but is likely less than carrying it out yourself.
Answer: Wire transfer - Western Union can do this.
Traveling with a bag of cash or precious metals - Entering the USA with more than $10,000 USD of cash without paperwork will be a problem. Keep this limit in mind. There is also the danger that your cash might get lost or stolen.
Courier: See above for the risks.
Paypal - Does not operate in Lebanon
Square - If your parents get an account with www.square.com they can charge the amount to any Visa, Mastercard or Amex credit card for 3.5%. The credit card is then paid from the Lebanese bank account.
Bitcoin - Doesn't care what you are buying or where. Transfer your funds to Bitcoins (or other such crypto-currency), transfer to your agent inthe USA, they convert to USD. The exchange rates can be volatile so you may not send exactly as much as you thought you did.
Comment: Paypal does not operate in Lebanon
Answer: I find this unbelievable. You might want to substantiate it.
If true, 35% is not a "fee", it is a tax that constitutes a capital control. Capital controls are regulations designed to prevent or restrict monetary transfers into or out of a country. It is usually illegal to circumvent capital controls.
In most cases capital controls can be avoided buying a security such as a bond. For example, if you can buy US Treasury bonds, then you can go to another country and sell the bond in that country. In the event that registered bonds like US Treasuries are unavailable for some reason, many German companies issue bearer bonds that can be obtained through special brokers. If you buy a bearer bond, beware of fraud and verify from multiple, reliable sources that the bond is genuine. Don't just listen to the broker. Multiple, independent sources.


"Aw, Snap!" Chrome Web Store (Chromium)

Question: While trying to load the Chrome Web Store (I am using Chromium), I get to see the store for a split second before getting the "Aw, Snap!" page. Any suggestions?
Comment: I am no longer using chromium so I cannot provide any updates.
Answer: I too am experiencing this, but on 14.04 LTS.
I've raised this with Chromium as a bug, as appears connected to the v38 upgrade of Chromium that appeared in the Ubuntu repos on 10th/11th November.
See https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=432488
Maybe add your details to that bug report, to see where our configurations match.
(To comply with Chromium bug reporting requirements, you should also verify that it's not an issue with an existing extension, or corrupt profile data, by starting Chromium with a blank profile and seeing if the problem still persists)
UPDATE
Appears fixed now in Version 40.0.2214.94 (I'm now on 14.10, but I think the same version is now in the official release for 14.04)
The Chromium bug is still active as there are other issues, but majority of causes seem cured.
Comment: Is there anyway to get the older version of chromium in the meantime?
Comment: There used to be nightly builds of Chromium but cant find them any longer. You can use dpkg to get back to the version from the release; check using "apt-cache policy chromium-browser" to see what's available. The 14.10 release version will be pretty similar I guess.
Comment: Thanks for the idea, I am a brand new Ubuntu user however, and I just installed chromium. Can I execute your suggestion if I have never had another version of chromium? Also, I am not sure what details I should add to the bug report and where I would locate them.
Comment: Yes - if there's another candidate in apt cache you should be able to install it. To update the Chromium bug just go to the link and add a comment with your browser version, OS version, and anything else relevant.
Comment: Everywhere I look people have "solved" this problem... and it's got me thinking (since it's not really solved) that I really don't care what OS I'm on, I just want the internet and am on the brink of going back to windoze just to do may simple daily emailing/junk like that! :( Can't even check my gmail! Then, I see now when I hover over a Chromium tab a "cool" gradient moves along with my mouse. I would hate for something so little and useless to break everything (not saying the gradient "update" fixed it), just made that people spend so much time for the littles things that break eveerything!
Answer: I installed Google Chrome from their site (instead of Chromium 39.0.2171.65 ) and everything works fine. I am using Lubuntu 14.10.
https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/desktop/index.html
David
Comment: It will be a while before i can try this, but as soon as I do I will post an update.
Answer: I found Chromium to be Very unstable, to the point of being unusable (at least on 14.04). As soon as I removed it and downloaded the Chrome installer from Google, I haven't had any problems since.
Answer: I have been struggling with "Aw Snap!" messages from Chromium for months, since I updated from Lubuntu 12.04 LTS to 14.04 LTS (fresh install). It occurred to me in particular with some Youtube videos and with Google Maps.
I tried the following first:

Playing with some advanced settings (Privacy)
Uninstalling all extensions
Erasing my old profile in ~/.config/google-chrome/ and creating a new one

nothing of the above worked.
So I proceeded removing completely the version of Chromium that is in the Canonical repository (v. 39.0.2171.65)
sudo apt-get remove --purge chromium-browser chromium-browser-l10n chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra

and adding the Miller's repository, containing the last secure versions of Chromium
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:canonical-chromium-builds/stage

Finally, I updated the repository archives and re-installed chromium
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install chromium-browser chromium-browser-l10n chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra

That installed in my Ubuntu box the latest safe version of Chromium, that is version 40.0.2214.93 for Trusty, by now.
This solved for me once and forever all the "Aw Snap!" issues.
Answer: I had the same problem with Version 39.0.2171.65 Built on Ubuntu 14.04, running on LinuxMint 17.
Finally I installed Chrome, and then the extensions that I added on Chrome also appeared on Chromium.
If this can help.....

"Aw, Snap!" Chrome Web Store (Chromium)


How to prevent computer from automatically sleeping and/or hibernating?

Question: I'm running Ubuntu 12.04, and my laptop* won't wake from sleep/suspend/hibernate. (Is sleep the same thing as suspend?) I'm not even sure which of these things it's doing. When I am done working for the day, I lock my screen (Control-Alt-L). When I come back the next day, the screen is in power saving mode, and no amount of typing or clicking (on the usb keyboard/mouse or the builtin keyboard/trackpad) nor tapping the power button will bring it back to life.
The only way I can get my machine to work is to hold down the power button until it shuts off, then press the power button again to turn it back on. Obviously, anything I had open from the previous day is pretty much gone -- in particular, my VMs all get rudely shut down without any warning.
This is driving me INSANE. I spend the first hour of every work day trying to figure out how to get my computer to stop locking up over night.
What I've tried:

Editing the org.freedesktop.upower.policy to disable suspend and hibernate.
Setting power management options in "Power" section of "System Settings".
Looking at all power management options in the BIOS (none appear to be relevant to sleep/suspend/hibernate).
Reading every forum post/askubuntu post that I can find that's even tangentially related to the subject.
Add acpi=off to kernel args. (Results in USB keyboard and mouse not working, so I didn't wait to see if it fixes the suspend.)
Add apm=off to kernel args.

My question: how to disable the automatic sleep and/or hibernate (and/or anything similar) in Ubuntu 12.04. I don't care if it's still possible to sleep/suspend/hibernate/whatever by pushing buttons or running some command or reciting led zeppelin lyrics backwards. I just want my laptop to be ready for work in the morning.
*The laptop is a Dell Latitude something or other. I don't want to get too specific because I've seen a lot of similar questions get closed for being too specific. I think my question is generic enough to stand -- it's a question about the latest, stable version of Ubuntu.
Link to dmesg
Link to /var/log/kern.log
EDIT:
Nothing I've tried so far has prevented Ubuntu from sleeping at night, and when it does sleep, nothing I have tried can reliably get it to wake back up. I've seen a few posts that say buggy video drivers can cause problems with waking.
Last night, on a hunch, I tried switching to console (ctrl+alt+1) before leaving work, just to see what would happen. This morning when I woke up the computer, it instantly woke up back to the console. I switched over to Gnome (ctrl+alt+7) and although the screen looked frozen, I typed my password, pressed enter, and made some coffee. When I got back a few minutes later, my desktop was ready, just like I left it last night.
I'm going to keep trying this to see if this is a reliable solution.
EDIT 2:
No dice. Switching to the console after logging out does nothing for me... still have to reboot my computer each morning. It's driving me nuts... I can't believe how erratic suspend is on Ubuntu. Or the fact that it can't simply be disabled.
Comment: Have you looked under the Advanced Settings of the screen saver?
Comment: Where are the screen saver settings? I looked under Display, Appearance, Brightness and Lock. Can't find screen saver. The searchbox in system settings doesn't help: no results when searching for "saver".
Comment: check the power settings, they have rules regarding suspend/hibernate
Comment: You need to consider that what you think is "suspend" may just be a crash, plain and simple. Please pastebin dmesg and /var/log/kern.log . If it's suspended, you should get the blinking/slowwwwly-on-to-off-and-back light.
Comment: @izx /var/log/kern.log doesn't show anything interesting overnight, except for some blocked packets here and there. I could be wrong, but the dmesg buffer gets overwritten during startup, so I don't think indications of a crash could be found there.
Comment: You're right, but at startup it often contains power management warnings/errors which may be helpful.
Comment: @izx I'd really rather not post it, because that will almost definitely get this question closed as "too specific". I scanned through for keywords like "power", "acpi", and "apm" and I don't see anything that looks like a blatant error. My question isn't how to fix suspend/hibernate, it's how to disable it.
Comment: I see you're a recent arrival from SO/SU, but I assure you your fears are unfounded - we don't wield the "too localized" sword here with impunity. Of course, no one like long blocks of inline code, so if you could just pastebin those things and include the links in your question/comments, that would be great.
Comment: @izx Ok. Thanks for the clarification. I updated my question with dmesg and an excerpt of my /var/log/kern.log from when I left work to when I came back.
Answer: Here are the two common Gnome 3 ways which usually disable suspend; otherwise you can try booting with the acpi=off parameter:

Power Settings:

gnome-tweak-tool (install if necessary):
Comment: Scratch that last comment. After working twice in a row, it's now failed every single day since then. I'm about ready to throw this computer out the window.
Comment: Thanks @izx. I already tried #1 before posting. I just tried #2 but the options are already set to "Nothing". Your comment about acpi=off reminded me that I had already tried that as well, so I updated my original post. Still, +1 for the effort.
Comment: Well, my computer managed to wake from sleep after sleeping all weekend, and then it woke from sleep again after sleeping Monday night. I don't think I actually changed anything since the last time I posted here, so I'm not sure why it's suddenly working. I'm selecting this post as the correct answer because it is the most thorough.
Comment: I installed the gnome-tweak-tool and saw that on my Dell GX620 I had suspend set for Laptop lid close action on battery and for Laptop lid close action when on AC. The weird thing is that my Dell GX620 is not a laptop but a USSF (Ultra Small Form Factor) mini-tower. I've just changed these settings to Nothing and will confirm tomorrow if this change will have prevented it from going to sleep.
Comment: I need to find "Brightness and Lock" option to disbale power off automatically.
Answer: From System Settings or by searching in Dash, go to Power settings. You'll find what you need there ;)

And to prevent from locking, go to Brightness and Lock:
Answer: @Kaled Kelevra, I've created the file 00CPU and followed all the steps, unfortunately my machine still went to sleep after 10 minutes.
On the ArchLinux forums, I found a solution that worked for me. See answer #21.
This is how I fixed mine in /etc/X11/xorg.conf:
Section "ServerLayout"

    Identifier     "Layout0"
    Screen      0  "Screen0"
    InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
    InputDevice    "Evdev Mouse" "CorePointer"

  Option "BlankTime" "0"
  Option "StandbyTime" "0"
  Option "SuspendTime" "0"
  Option "OffTime" "0"

I just added the 4 options you see there. Test it out and post back. Good luck.
Answer: Why not check out Caffeine application indicator. It does precisely what you want, and is very easy to use.
Comment: Be warned: I used the Ubuntu _Caffeine application indicator_ recently in an attempt to keep on of my desktops (running 18.04.2 LTS on 4.15.0-46) turned on and accessible while I was out of town, and despite being activated/enabled, the system still ended up suspending/hibernating which made it inaccessible while I was away. After that experience, I would recommend sticking with the accepted answer (i.e., disabling automatic suspension), but your mileage may vary.
Answer: In unity dash type screen saver, and click on it.  When the window open click on the advanced tab, and uncheck Power Management Enabled.
Comment: Do you have Gnome classic or Gnome 3?
Comment: Most people have xscreensaver installed... :-)
Comment: Sorry, I should have mentioned: I'm not running Unity. I'm running Gnome. Gnome has a dashboard but typing "screen" and/or "saver" doesn't have any hits.
Comment: @Mitch Gnome 3.
Answer: I don't know if you had solved that problem you have with suspend/hibernate, but if not, I've a script maybe solve it (I had the same problem and it worked for me). :)
Create a script in the /etc/pm/sleep.d/ directory ("sudo gedit /etc/pm/sleep.d/ 00CPU", for example) with the following content:
#!/bin/sh
# Workaround for concurrency bug in xserver-xorg-video-intel 2:2.4.1-1ubuntu10.
# Save this as /etc/pm/sleep.d/00CPU

. "${PM_FUNCTIONS}"

case "$1" in
hibernate|suspend)
for i in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/online ; do
echo 0 >$i
done
;;
thaw|resume)
sleep 10 # run with one core for 10 secs
for i in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/online ; do
echo 1 >$i
done
;;
*)
;;
esac

Then just give the script execute permission (sudo chmod 755 00CPU) and... that's all! Enjoy your Ubuntu.
P.S.: sorry for my english.
P.S.2.: you can change the "sleep 10" value, with "sleep 5" for example, so your second processor core will run a bit earlier.
Note: It seems to be a concurrency problem with some kernels versions and determinate multi-core processors.
Answer: You can use gsettings for enabling and disabling monitor from going to sleep:

Disable turning off screen

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 0

Enable turning off screen with 5 min delay

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session idle-delay 300

source : https://askubuntu.com/a/788456/88543
Comment: If the answer from another question directly helps this one, and the questions are similar, consider flagging this question as a duplicate of the other one, instead of copying your answer many times.
Answer: With 12.04 I've noticed that my computer seems to be very hard to activate once the screensaver/lock has been invoked, particularly when it is locked for more than a few minutes. The system isn't really being suspended or hibernated--it just seems that way.
I find that I can wait several minutes and eventually the system will prompt me for my userid and password and I'm back in business. Before I figured out that it would come back I'd power it off like you do.
I don't know why it takes so long, it's probably a bug. Does it help to simply wait 3 to 10 minutes? If so perhaps we are seeing the same thing.


How could I get more from sneak attacks?

Question: With Preparatory Shot power and Back Stabber feat, Heroic level PCs could constantly deal Dex mod + Int mod + 2d8 damage every round to targeted creature till they die? Are there better ways of getting SA and CA every round for optimum damage output with or without hybrid or multiclassing?
Answer: Yes
As a rogue (since thieves have sufficient tricks to basically get combat advantage every bloody round), using daggers, we can look here and discover: Cunning Stalker (CA on an enemy when they're not adjacent to another enemy) or Vicious Advantage (CA on a slowed or immobilized enemy). Both are trivial to achieve.
In terms of stacking extra damage on top of that, there are so many ways that I'm going to merely refer you to the guide linked above. For a fun time, use Riposte strike and be a thug for +Str with an interrupt of full damage + sneak attack + str if they attack you.
In a general sense, the best way to get sneak attacks is to have your friends powering you. If you have a friendly warlord, shaman, and ardent, you can get four times as many sneak attacks a round.
Comment: Riposte auto-counter attack grants CA right? It never mentioned it in the PHB.
Comment: Not at all. You have to have CA to get sneak attack. But the various feats, mentioned above, provide it without too much trouble.


SQL Server 2012 import/export wizard not showing at all

Question: So I have access of two databases that are stored in Azure, and using SQL Server 2012 to access them. All I need to do is copy a table from one db and duplicate and create it in another. I keep reading everywhere that all you have to do to bring up the import and export wizard and right click the db, go to tasks and then the option for the wizard will be right there. But I cannot find it in the menu anywhere! I feel like I'm crazy or something, but I hope this is a simple solution! Here is a screenshot of what I am seeing. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!
Comment: I'd recommend using the latest version of SSMS when working with Azure. Try downloading the latest build of SSMS 2016 here: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt238290.aspx
Answer: The import/export wizard is not showing because it is not available for Azure SQL. Even if you downloaded the latest version of SSMS, you shouldn't see it.
You are in a different environment that how on-premise SQL Server databases work. In that Azure SQL does not support using cross database queries. So doing an insert into or select insert are not going to work.
Depending on how big the table is, your easiest thing to do is using the script object wizard and just include the data. Then just run that under the destination database.
If you need to do this on a routine basis then look at the data sync services Azure offers.
Answer: Thanks for everyone's answers, but I have found a workaround! I basically had to manually add the Import and Export Wizard to SQL Server manually. I had to go to Tools > External Tools (see screenshot).

Then the external tools dialog opens up (see screenshot).

You can then provide a title, but in the command field you can enter in the path of the Import and Export executable. It was found here for me C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\130\DTS\Binn\DTSWizard.exe
although I'd imagine it could be in C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\130\DTS\Binn\DTSWizard.exe for some people as well. Then click ok. It should now be an option under tools right above where you clicked 'External Tools'. Then the Export and Import Wizard came up and it worked like a charm. I was able to follow through the wizard and transfer the tables between two Azure databases.


Using train stations in other editions

Question: Can you use the train stations from the European edition with any other editions?.  Like with London or Pennsylvania.
Answer: I own or have played all versions of Ticket To Ride.
Ticket To Ride - Europe is the only version that I know of that uses stations.
As a house rule, there is nothing that will prevent you from using the stations with the other versions but you will then not be playing according to the official rules.
Comment: Do you have any insight as to how the presence of stations will affect the other versions?
Comment: I think the stations were introduced into TTR Europe because the map is so tight and too many games would see players abandoning routes that they couldn't complete, a depressing finish for a game. Adding stations to other more open versions would probably shorten the game dramatically because it would prevent blocking.
Comment: Stations might work out when you have 1 fewer or 1 more player than needed for double routes.

Using train stations in other editions


Python based alternatives to Node-RED for building an IoT infrastructure

Question: I can only write Python code, and I want to build a IoT infrastructure. Read some sensors (data is received via MQTT influxDB line protocol), follow some simple rule-based logic, send out some API-POST requests etc.. Writing up a big Python script is not an option in my case, because it should be easily modifiable by others without going through a large script.
With Node-RED, functions look like they have to be written in JS. What good alternatives are there, and what are their pros and cons for my application?
Edit:
Specific requirements:

Inputs should be able to retrieve data via API-GET requests, MQTT brokers
Processors should be able to be scripted in Python, it would be terrific if there was a way to make python functions available as blocks to other users without actually exposing the underlying python code.
Outputs would be API-POST requests
Should be free of charge, an absolute limit would be around EUR 500. Usecase is an academic environment, in case that changes anything
Should run on Windows
No performance requirements, it will be a small application and there are lots of resources available
Answer: If You want to build IoT on Python - Home Assistant seams to be a good direction ...
It's based on Python and has proper tooling ie:
https://www.home-assistant.io/integrations/python_script/


Can "edition" be used to mean "the act of editing/changing something"?

Question: As one say creation for "the act of creating something", couldn't the word edition mean "the act of changing something"? I was under the impression it was the case. But a remark from one of my colleagues, telling me I should use editing instead, prompted me to check on Wiktionary. As it turned out, I didn't find the meaning I searched under the definitions. Note that my colleague and I both are not native speakers. So which of us is right?
Comment: I someone used **edition** in this sense, I would think they were translating (badly) from their own language.
Answer: Your colleague is correct.  Though it would make sense for edition to mean editing, it has come only to mean the result of the editing (e.g. second edition) or the format of the finished work (e.g. leather-bound edition).
It would be better to use editing or revising.
Comment: Looking at the etymology, "edit" is a back formation from "editor" (the etymology of which is closer to "publisher"). [Etymonline](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=edition) says that in the 16th century, the word "edition" also meant the act of publishing, but that meaning is now long obsolete.
Comment: @Eldroß: *editing* (*revising*) might work, or *edit* (*revision*) might work, depending on the context.  Maybe if you gave the rest of the sentence you were thinking of putting *edition* in, it would help to show what word to use instead.
Answer: I would recommend the term "emendation" for this purpose.
For example: "Emendation of the injured text was made to restore sense."
More examples here.
The advantage of using "emend" in this way is that it is often more value-neutral, where "edit" has a somewhat critical nuance that may be unwanted.
Comment: The disadvantage is that it [isn't a common term](http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/ngrams/graph?content=emend%2Cedit&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=0&smoothing=3).  Also, I don't think there's that big of a distinction between *edit* and *emend*.  I would hesitate to say that the advantages are great enough to significantly outweigh the disadvantages.
Comment: No, but it is *a* determinant.  I'm just saying that I don't think it's that much better than *edit* or *revise*.
Comment: I do not believe that "commonness" need be the determinant of which word is best in a particular instance.
Comment: The average English speaker has never heard or read the word "emendation" even once.
Comment: I don't know if it would be relevant to changing a database entry through an HTML form, but I learned something new. That's the reason I like E&LU.


Implementing swap test on quantum register

Question: I'm interested in implementing a controlled-swap operation on quantum registers. However, it appears that Qiskit's documentation primarily focuses on single qubits rather than registers. Could you provide guidance on how to implement controlled-swap operations specifically on quantum registers?
Answer: Assuming the two registers $q_1$ and $q_2$ have the same number of qubits then you can apply a controlled swap on the $i$-th qubits of $q_1$ and $q_2$ for each $i=1,2,\dots,n$ where $n$ is the number of qubits in each register. The Qiskit code would look something like this:
<code>for i in range(n):
    qc.cswap(control, qr1[i], qr2[I])
</code>
while the circuit looks like this (for $n=3$):


Reopening a question

Question: This question was closed for lack of clarity.  Although it's a bit awkwardly worded, I think the clear intention was to ask "Why does the speed of light show up in an equation that relates mass to energy?", which seems like a reasonable question for someone who has not studied relativity. I think it should be reopened.
Comment: @hft:  I agree.  I have retracted my reopen vote.
Comment: The question was edited significantly by OP a couple hours after this Meta post was made. To me, the edits seems to make the question less clear rather than more clear...
Answer: The question has "Not speed of light" in the title, and later says

I'm not talking about the math working out, or why it needs to be $c^2$.  But rather, what is the nature/essence of light that allows it to be a conversion factor?

I don't understand what that means.  It seems to be specifying that it is not about why the speed of light appears—but rather about whether there is something intrinsic about light itself.  However, since it is the speed of light, not "light" in the abstract that appears in the equation, I don't understand what the querent is trying to ask about.  So it does not seem surprising to me that other users voted to close the question as unclear.
Comment: I didn't get there in time to vote to close it, but I also would have closed it for this same reason. They specifically said not the speed of light so I don't think that @WillO is correct about their intention. They should edit to clarify through the usual process.
Comment: Having reread the question, I agree with you (and with @Dale).  My memory is hazy, but I suspect I formed an idea of the OP's intent that was based more on my preconceptions than on the actual post.
Answer: Please help me! I'm not stupid, I just need some help. I'm a medical doctor not a physicist. I'm new here and I don't understand why I keep getting shut down?  My question is basically: "Why does the speed of light show up in an equation that relates mass to energy?" I don't understand why this phrasing is more elegant. But YES this is what I want to know. What should I do now? I have asked this question to many cosmologists, mathematicians and physicists. Everybody relates it back to making the math work. But I think I'm asking a more profound question. Thanks Peter I really appreciate your understanding.
Comment: I think that if you asked your question as phrased here, it would be much better received.
Comment: I see you've changed the title but have retained the incomprehensible (to me and I suspect to everyone) request for answers that address the "essence of light".
Comment: It may seem odd if you're not a serious student of physics but physics is *just* a search for better and better models for the way the universe behaves on different scales.  There may not actually be an explanation (from physics alone) as to why things like e.g. why the fundamental constants are the values they are.  I think most physicists would like it if there was a way to work those out just with physics (yet undiscovered theories), but we don't know if that's possible at all.  A more profound answer is not really there beyond the theory of relativity.
Comment: I have voted to reopen. The issue for me was the contradiction between "not the speed of light" in the title and then the question is about $c^2$. That is now resolved with the most recent edit
Comment: @Ramone What do you find lacking about my answer to your closed question?

Reopening a question


Is it a good idea to ask my Master's supervisor to help me finding a PhD in other universities?

Question: I am in final stages of my Master degree in physics. I am looking for a PhD position in Europe. Is it a good idea to ask my supervisor to help in me finding a position for PhD?
Answer: Yes, it would be a very good idea to ask your supervisor. They know the field much better than you do. They likely have contacts in many places and also know which universities would be a good match for your interests. Many places will want a recommendation from your supervisor anyways, so it would be good to have them on board.
I would not phrase the request as "Please help me find a PhD position" but more casually, for example: "I am interested in doing a PhD, do you happen to know of any openings?".
Comment: Agree except for the last line. I would be more direct/ask for more specific types of help. In other words "what universities or research groups would be a good match for my interest?" "Can you help me strategize about the best way to reach out?"
Comment: @Dawn Thank you. I think it will be a better to ask for direct help, as you are saying.


Baby chillie buds are falling off

Question: I am from mumbai India now March month summer started. I watered twice a week althoug my baby chillies are falling off after the polination, I used vermi compost as fertilizer.
Comment: Is twice a week enough? We (automatically) watered our Eggplants and Tomatos - both also nightshades multiple time a day [as dictated by amount if sunlight ] I syspect @winwaed is correct that maybe its to hot.
Answer: I see this in Texas during the middle of summer - and always put it down to heat, as it happens even with lots of watering.  Some varieties handle the heat better than others (eg. 'Gypsy' bell does well for us).
I find fruiting is early summer before it gets too hot, and then from September through to the first frost. So during the summer heat,  I just keep them watered and make sure they grow, so I have nice large, healthy plants ready for when it cools sufficiently for fruit to form.

Baby chillie buds are falling off


WSOD appears in Drupal

Question: During making of new variants performing steps.
node edit form->add new variant->variant type ->panel->selection rules->node type->context continue->choose layout 2 column->continue->render->standard->continue after this white display occur,i am stuck here.what is the problem.
Comment: Blank pages or "white screen of death" (WSOD) https://drupal.org/node/158043
Comment: thanks but i have already seen this what i need a shortcut for panels.i thinks its some issue with modules.
Comment: yes no error was there in logs.
Answer: There are some PHP settings that can lead to WSOD. These are as follows:

max_execution_time: Apparently, on WAMP, the default is 30 seconds,
but some administrative pages may take longer than that to process
and load.

Go to XAMPP/php/php.ini and change :

    max_execution_time = 360

PHP Memory Limits: Another common reason for the WSOD is issues with
memory limit.
memory_limit = 128M

Comment: thanks..i am using commerce kickstart some issue with panels compatibility with ctool...
Comment: Fatal error: Unsupported operand types in var/www/mysite/htdocs/profiles/commerce_kickstart/modules/contrib/ctools/plugins/content_types/token/token.inc this error comes now what to do next.?
Answer: I guess you should be able to find the issue if you can come to know the error that is causing the problem, as the error reporting is by default turned "OFF" to avoid end user know the internal error for security and other purposes, so enabling the error on local or on dev server might help you out, try adding the following code in settings.php:
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', TRUE);
ini_set('display_startup_errors', TRUE);

Note:- Remove the above code from settings.php file once you are done with the development work.
Also check the errors/exceptions logged in the watchdog table in drupal at "/admin/reports/dblog":
http://YOUR_WEBSITE_DOMAIN/admin/reports/dblog

Also please check this link: Blank pages or "white screen of death" (WSOD) for other possible solutions to WSOD.
Comment: @user3459111: Have you checked the issue queue of ctools module ("Unsupported operand types error in plugin/content_types/token/token.inc"): https://drupal.org/node/1624460

WSOD appears in Drupal


How to handle fixed values for variables in pre-processing

Question: I have a dataset which contains few variables whose values do not change. Some of the variables are non-numeric (for example all values for that variable contain the value 5) and few variables are real-valued but all same values. When doing standardization of the variables so that each is a zero mean and variance 1, these variables give NaN values. Therefore, is it ok to exclude such variables (irrespective of being categorical or real-valued) that contain constant values from the normalization/standardization step? These variables are important as features hence I cannot delete them. Is there any other way to handle such variables?
Comment: "These variables are important as features" -> the fact that a feature has a constant value is not compatible with this feature being important for the task. This can be tested by removing the feature or changing its constant value: the model will predict exactly the same result.
Comment: Thank you for your comment and the answer. So you suggest that I should exclude such variables from the input?
Comment: Yes I think so.
Answer: By definition, if these columns or features contain a constant value and yet the output variables change, then they are not influencing the output and likely can be ignored.
A more formal test is to determine how much of the variance between a model that uses that feature is attributable to that feature.
A simple example to illustrate this principle is to look up examples of PCA. In those examples, the technique tries and identifies feature that drive the most variance.


How do I remove apps from Ubuntu touch?

Question: I have just installed the devel channel on a Nexus 7 and I want to remove multiple pre-installed apps so that my "apps" list only contains launchers for apps that I want on my device.
Answer: Just long press the app you want to uninstall, now it opens Ubuntu store where you can select uninstall.
For the shortcuts from the side-menu long pressing also gives the option to remove the link, thought that is not the same as a uninstall.

How do I remove apps from Ubuntu touch?


Special characters in root password in emergency mode

Question: My debian is not starting well and go to emergency mode (with no possibility to avoid it :-(). In order to login, I need to be able to type my root password which contains special characters like é. How can I obtain these characters? I tried to go on grub console to try to type but I was not able to obtain the right characters...
Comment: ... and be nicer to yourself, instead of using special characters such as diacriticals in a root password, which you know might be required when emergency dropping to console, just use a longer pure ascii password. Just saying...
Comment: Try [this link](https://www.linux.org/threads/alt-keys-and-linux.11517/) - It also has links for how to find special characters.
Comment: And since you've now publicly discussed a password, changing it would be a good idea.  :)   Any possible security implications of using special characters are now negated, and a longer ascii password would be as secure or more secure.
Comment: @user10489 Your right :-) and I will actually not using special characters not available directly in a US/UK keyboard layout
Answer: At the console you can use Altxyz (xyz are number on the numpad).
For example Alt233 should render é.
There are many sources for the list of codes, for example this one.
I don't know if it will work though, because depending on the locale, the actual password characters could be UTF-8 for example.
Comment: Are you sure about this? I can't reproduce this at all. Could it depend on your keyboard layout? I tried both in a tty and in a graphical terminal and nothing worked.
Comment: FWIW, using my left alt key I get one character, using the right alt key I get the correct one. For both of these situations I have to use the numpad, the normal numbers don't work.
Comment: Thanks @cutrightjm I should've mentioned the numpad.  Added.
Comment: @terdon I know it works in my Debian 10, after doing Ctrl-Alt-F1 (no, it will not work inside a graphic terminal).
Comment: Thank you for your proposition but currently it is not working. Probably because I use an apple keyboard...


Is it possible to limit who on an AD domain can join computers to the domain?

Question: We are trying to prevent users from willy-nilly joining VMs and outside machines to our domain. The default is any user can join up to 10 machines. Is there a way to limit this to only Account Operators, Domain Admins, and Enterprise Admins?
Answer: Go into your Domain Security Policy>Local Policy>User Rights Assignment and change the "Add workstations to domain" to just the groups you want.
Answer: I believe what you're looking for is referenced in these two MSKB articles:

Default limit to number of workstations a user can join to the domain
Domain Users Cannot Join Workstation or Server to a Domain (where to look)

The first article gives the details on where to go in Adsiedit.msc to change the default value (Domain NC, pick the right item, Properties, view ms-DS-MachineAccountQuota, edit attribute to change the value).
I've also seen a mention that there's a Group Policy under Default Domain Controllers Policy\User Rights Assignment but I'm not at a good spot to go digging for it to verify.
Answer: Have you looked at this:
There is a group policy that can change who has the right to add machines to the domain.
I'm not in front of a server at the moment but if I remember correctly this can be changed easily.
KCotreau's answer shows the group policy changes I mention in detail.


ActiveAdmin with CanCanAdapter causing infinite redirect on dashboard

Question: When using the CanCan adapter in ActiveAdmin 0.6.0. I have a resource working and authorization is working. However, when I go to /admin, the root ActiveAdmin page, it redirects to /admin and continues this forever.
Answer: If the user does not have access to a page, ActiveAdmin redirects to the Dashboard. If the user doesn't have access to the dashboard, this results in an infinite redirect.
Solution is to give the user the ability to read the dashboard page. Place this in the ability model object:
can :read, ActiveAdmin::Page, :name => "Dashboard"

This is mentioned in the authorization adapter documentation, but the infinite redirect seems to be caused by a bug in ActiveAdmin. It is neither raising a CanCan::AccessDenied, nor displaying an message to the user. At the least, it should display a message in development to help troubleshoot this issue. But it does not currently.
Comment: Looks like you'll be issuing an AA pull request.
Answer: You can use config.on_unauthorized_access config option as described here.
# You can also specify a method to be called on unauthorized
# access. This is necessary in order to prevent a redirect
# loop that can happen if a user tries to access a page they
# don't have permissions for
# (see [#2081](https://github.com/gregbell/active_admin/issues/2081)).
config.on_unauthorized_access = :render_403

The method access_denied would be defined in application_controller.rb. Here is one example that redirects the user from the page they don't have permission to access to a resource they have permission to access (organizations in this case), and also displays the error message in the browser:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
 def access_denied(exception)
   redirect_to admin_organizations_path, :alert => exception.message
 end

end
Comment: This is the correct solution. Unfortunately, the Wiki doesn't seem to mention it any more. It works in ActiveAdmin 0.6.0
Comment: I created pull request to put this into active_admin.rb initializer. Comment +1 if you think it should be included there. Here's the link: https://github.com/gregbell/active_admin/pull/2471
Answer: I had the same error, and I have an admin user with:
if user.admin?
  can :manage, :all
end

I just forgot to add the correct role to this user, so maybe someone will have the same infinite redirect loop as me with ActiveAdmin and Cancan.


Common eigenvalues for two Sturm-Liouville problem

Question: Does exist in literature any results concerning the common eigenvalues for the two eigenvalue problems of the form
$$y''(x)=\lambda^2 y(x)+\lambda a(x)y(x), \ x\in(0,1), $$$$z''(x)=\lambda^2 z(x)-\lambda a(x)z(x), \ x\in(0,1),$$
with boundary conditions $$y(0)=y(1)=z(0)=z(1)=0.$$
Things are trivial if $a$ is constant function, but for $a=a(x)$ I couldnt find any way to handle this problem. Any suggestions?. Thank you.
Comment: Do you mean the Dirichlet boundary condition (everything $=0$) ?
Comment: @DenisSerre Yes thank you sir. I have edited the post.
Answer: It appears that what you need is the tensor Bezoutian for operator polynomials. Its definition and relation to the counting of the common eigenvalues is briefly reviewed in the following article (Theorem 9), where also references are given for further details:

Lancaster, Peter, Common eigenvalues, divisors, and multiples of matrix polynomials: A review, Linear Algebra Appl. 84, 139-160 (1986). ZBL0627.15004.

Your operator polynomials (in $\lambda^{-1}$, to make the constant coefficient exactly equal to $1$, as in Theorem 9 above) are $P_x^\pm(\lambda^{-1}) = 1 \pm \lambda^{-1} a(x) - \lambda^{-2}\partial_x^2$. Their Bezoutian works out to be the oprator matrix $B = [B_{ij}]$, whose operator entries are defined by the identity
$$
  \frac{P^+_{x_1}(\lambda^{-1}) P^-_{x_2}(\mu^{-1}) - P^+_{x_1}(\mu^{-1}) P^-_{x_2}(\lambda^{-1})}{\lambda^{-1} - \mu^{-1}}
  = \sum_{i=0}^1 \sum_{j=0}^1 \lambda^{-i} \mu^{-j} B_{ij} .
$$
In this particular case, we get
$$
  B = \begin{bmatrix}
    a(x_1) + a(x_2) & \partial_{x_1}^2 - \partial_{x_2}^2 \\
    \partial_{x_1}^2 - \partial_{x_2}^2 & a(x_2) \partial_{x_1}^2 + a(x_1) \partial_{x_2}^2
  \end{bmatrix} ,
$$
acting on $[\begin{smallmatrix} u(x_1,x_2) \\ v(x_1,x_2) \end{smallmatrix}]$, with $u$ and $v$ satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions on the square $(x_1,x_2) \in [0,1]^2$.
According to the theorem in Lancaster's review, the dimension of the kernel of $B$ counts the number of common eigenvalues of $P^\pm(\lambda)$ (excluding $\lambda=0$, I think, but that value is never an eigenvalue under Dirichlet boundary conditions).
Comment: @Gustave, just a remark. If you multiply both of your operator polynomials by $(\partial_x^2)^{-1}$ (with the inverse defined by Dirichlet boundary conditions), then the operator coefficients of the powers of $\lambda$ become bounded. It's not hard to work out the new corresponding $B$ operator matrix.
Comment: Thank you @Igor Khavkine for this great answer. I've taken a look at this paper, I found that it deals with bounded operator case. I 'm not sure that this can be generalized to unbounded operator case. Thank you in advance to clarify more things.
Comment: Thank you sir for the answer. Best regards.


Is it possible for a cs undergrad like me to apply for a cs grad program and study computational biology?

Question: I want to apply for an MS CS degree. However I want to study computational biology along with other subjects like AI, etc.
But many colleges have a separate department for computational biology(eg CMU) while others provide some courses to grad students of the cs department(eg Stanford).
Is it possible for me study computational biology at colleges which offer it as a separate program altogether?
Comment: Of course.  Why not?
Comment: Of course, we are in the same boat. I have talked to different professors of different schools about it. The answer is "YES". But there are two important things. 1/ You need to show in your application that you have a strong background in bio and chemistry related domains. If you don't have time to take credited courses due to heavy workload of EECS, you can do research or take GRE-subject test to compensate.
Comment: 2/ Computational biology is a very broad field, some program seems purely theoretical (strong EECS skills and decent bio knowledge would be enough) while some are extremely practical (in which, computational aspect appears to be a very small portion of the project. The rest are taken care by bio molecular science and material science). I think it would benefit you greatly if you read through the website carefully to see if they are interests and skills match up.
Comment: Actually, I was hoping to avoid the subject test and get admitted to a cs program, and then take a course in computational biology(along with other courses). I will state in my sop other subjects in cs which are of interest tom and if admitted, take additional computational biology courses as well. Is this feasible?
Comment: Actually most universities don't have a computational biology department. Typically you will find such groups in a variety of departments. Computational biologists come from a variety of backgrounds, and CS is probably the most common. So there really is no problem.
Answer: I suggest that you make contact with the admissions of the target faculty, as well as make contact with academics whose research interests match the field you are interested in.  Have a look at the academic's profile pages as well as looking at papers that they may have published.
As JeffE said in his comment - why not?  You have computational background and a clear interest.


How do I stop my IP from being resolved through my Skype?

Question: I recently discovered that someone found out my current IP info via Skype among other information. People can do this via a thing called Skype resolvers. However nothing I do so far seems to work. I have my connection set to "Allow direct connections to your contacts only." I also have Skype installed on Linux as well as Windows. However even when I uninstall Skype on Linux and I also think both Linux and Windows I am still resolvable. I also tested on this on myself using an online skype resolver. Any help much appreciated. Thanks.
Comment: I wonder if the online skype resolver has a cache. If you turn skype off on all of your computers and the skype resolver still knows your IP, then it's likely caching the data and there's nothing you can do about it until the cache times out.
Comment: By the way, be careful with these online resolvers. They harvest skype names for spam, social engineering or targeted malware attacks.
Answer: Due to an increase in DDOS attacks in the gamer community Skype no longer allows an IP to be shared by default as of 01/21/2016. They are likely no longer setting up the handshake and making you a peer to peer connection and you are now transmitting information through a central server or a proxy server to make this happen.

Skype is fully committed to delivering as safe and secure of an
  experience as possible to our customers. We have recently introduced
  the ability to hide a Skype user's IP address and we've set this as a
  default status in the latest versions of Skype.
Starting with this update to Skype and moving forward, your IP address
  will be kept hidden from Skype users. This measure will help prevent
  individuals from obtaining a Skype ID and resolving to an IP address.
You can find this update in the latest versions of Skype on desktop
  and mobile* devices, which you can download here. We also recommend
  you update Skype across your devices to ensure you benefit from the
  best experience possible.
*Android, and coming soon as default on iOS.
Comment: The heading of the link shared is "To our gamers: IP will now be hidden by default in latest update" and I know as a gamer this has affected many gamers. Mainly bigger YouTubers and Twitch streamers. Which I imagine played a big role in the changes. So I do believe it was an influence. Might not be the whole reason like you mentioned but it was still a valid one.
Answer: Skype can communicate directly, by peer-to-peer, or ip-to-ip communication, or it can communicate through a central server side of the Skype infrastructure.
In the second case, your peers won't see your IP address. But you have to set it up in the Skype settings (Skype -> Options -> Extended settings -> Connection).
From the other side, you can get the actual IP of your not enough secured peers even by a resource monitor (ctrl/shift/esc, switch to administrative mode, click on "Resource Monitor" tab on the top).
In most cases, the peer-to-peer contact has a better quality, but it is not always so (if both of you are behind a masking firewall, the direct data contact is problematic, although still not impossible).
If you uninstall Skype, then no Skype process left in your system. Thus, there will be nothing what could say your IP to your Skype peers. If you want to be unresolvable by other means as well, your question isn't Skype-specific any more.
Comment: Okay, thanks for your reply. So what would I actually do in the connection settings then? Also what would I do in the resource monitor to disable my IP being resolved via Skype?
Comment: @user86613 Skype always know your IP, practically every program on your computer knows. Your goal isn't to hide it from your skype itself, your goal is to avoid it to share this information with your peers. This canbe done in the skype settings, by disabling the direct peer-to-peer communication.
Comment: That is what I want to do; disable peers and other people resolving my ip if they know my skype name. I have set my connection options to "allow direct connections to your contacts only." However I have tested this on myself and I am still resolvable. I have Skype installed on Windows and Linux. However even when I uninstall it on Linux and I also think both Windows and Linux that I am still resolvable.
Comment: @user86613 How did you test it on yourself?
Comment: By using an online skype resolver on my own Skype name.
Comment: @user86613 Extend this info into your question, it is important.
Comment: Okay I have extended my info. I hope the way I extended is okay.
Answer: Somebody having your IP isn't much of a problem actually.
They can't do much with it, and even if they feel like ddosing you it wouldn't be a problem since your ip isn't permanent.
Behaving almost dynamically depending on the mood of your ISP.
If you are worried for people trying to take control over your computer then I would
1. Verify that your router isn't externally comprisable
2. that all the emails/links/documents you open are from trusted sources
3. That no one is between you and whatever web service you are connecting to
4. That you aren't on a government list ;)
Even if they got your IP all the ports tend to be filtered. It could be used to identify you but because of its volatile nature that wouldn't be effective
This is not a solution just something you should consider. Stay safe
Comment: I beg to differ on the impact point: There are lots of Twitch.tv streamer or online gamers in general that had the problem of getting ddosed while streaming / playing. With every attack they lose viewers, stream views and therefore advertisements. This also can happen in (semi-) professional tournaments with price money attached. Therefore those attacks can have a financial impact.