Review paper in PhD

Question: I'm a first-year PhD student, and while I have an idea of what my research will involve, my path isn't very clear yet. My supervisor suggested that I work on a review paper as an achievement for the first six months of my PhD. I wrote the paper and sent it to my supervisor a month ago. However, we've had several rounds of edits and comments, with each set of comments asking for different things. It's been overwhelming, and I've started doubting my abilities. I'm anxious because dropping out and finding work isn't an option due to my student visa and the funding I am receiving from my supervisor for my PhD. If anyone has been through something similar, I'd appreciate hearing about your experiences and any ideas you have.
Comment: What's your field and what type of review are you writing?
Answer: Since the feedback is different every time, I think it is unlikely that the issue is your abilities. Changing feedback suggests a problem with communication. It sounds to me like one of two things is happening:

Your advisor does not remember from feedback session to feedback session exactly what the goals of the paper are, and is therefore giving different feedback depending on their impression at that moment in time. This may be influenced by slight changes in wording, their mood, and recent things they've read or talked about with others. Remember, you are focusing on your project for hours on a daily basis -- your supervisor sees this project (maybe) once a week for an hour, and they spend the same amount of energy and effort on multiple projects a week. Assume that they will remember no details at all from week to week. If this is what's happening, then the paper does not have its goals and scope defined clearly enough. In other words, there is a communication problem in the written paper.

The other likely option is that you and your advisor are not communicating effectively in the feedback sessions. Your advisor might actually be trying to communicate the same high level concepts to you through different means each feedback session, but they are not succeeding in getting these points across.

In either case, this warrants a high level discussion with your PI. Tell them that you want to understand why they are giving particular feedback. Gently point out examples where the feedback has been different from time to time and say that you want to understand what they're responding to when they give you those different pieces of feedback so that you will know what to do in the future. If you can, show them the whole paper as it was at two stages where you got different feedback. Sometimes a comment might be triggered by the combination of text in one section and a figure in a different section, for example. If the issue is that the paper doesn't communicate its scope and goals effectively (option 1), the two of you can talk about that and come up with a clear statement that you can add to the introduction of the paper. If there is some other higher-level feedback for you to absorb (option 2), this will help make it more apparent and you should be able to take it into account and move past this stage.
I say to be gentle here because you want to avoid any kind of "gotcha" moment where you imply that they are unreliable or their feedback makes no sense. Go in with the assumption that they have good reasons for all of their suggestions. As I understand it, you don't yet have a reason to think that it's anything other than a communication issue. Addressing it in this way will give your supervisor a much more positive view of you than if you are either critical or accusatory of them (for giving conflicting feedback) or too critical of yourself (for not getting it right after multiple feedback sessions).
There's always a possibility that your supervisor is just fickle or a bad manager, but I think it's best at this stage to assume that they are competent to do their job and are doing it in good faith.
Answer: Welcome to Academia and to the PhD world: The disillusion world of impostor syndrome and PhD movie.
Don't get yourself discouraged. Get going at it purposefully.
Although reviews/surveys may differ across discipline, the principles/fundamentals remain the same.
Review papers are not completely at tangent to 'result' papers, in the sense that you still need to be clear about the aim/purpose, key message being passed and contribution to knowledge.
Reviews can be systematic or rapid or scoping or narrative.
Some reviews are reviews of topics while some are review of reviews.

I wrote the paper and sent it to my supervisor a month ago. However, we've had several rounds of edits and comments, with each set of comments asking for different things

Regarding your supervisor, that you're getting feedbacks is a good thing. Keep the momentum.
It might be possible that your supervisor is struggling with the art of supervision. For now, you'll have to keep calm and trust the process. You don't want to rock the boat early.
Nonetheless, keep track of the changes and in doing so

check against the aim/purpose of the review paper. If there're none, that's your starting point: refine the aim/purpose and if there's one, the research question.
check changes against literature in your field.
gently and firmly bring well-researched and articulated views/amendments to the table.

In any case, you'll be going through revisions throughout your research life by engaging rebuttals.

Add-ons

How to arrange reading for a literature review and writing it?
approaches you can take towards conducting lit review
not hating on supervisor, keep summarising papers

Review paper in PhD


How do I add refiners to my site for the Content Search webpart?

Question: I figured out two years ago how to add refiners to the Content Search webpart.  I don't remember how.  I put in a ticket with MS and with the company that does our development work.  Neither of them could add refiners either.  Can anyone tell me how to add refiners to the Content Search webpart.  Thanks
Answer: To add refiners to my site for the Content Search web part, do the following:
Add Content Search web part and Refinement web part in the same page, then edit Refinement web part, choose Content Search web part as Refinement Target.


What is the difference between a force and a net force?

Question: I read in Newton's first law, it states that an object will continue to have a constant velocity unless acted upon by a force whilst for other articles, it states "unless acted upon by a net force." Which one is correct? Are they both interchangeable? Is there any difference between these two concepts?
Answer: "Net force" simply means the sum of all forces. The "unless acted upon by a net force" version is more correct. For example, as you stand or sit still, the earth pushes you up with a force equal and opposite to the force with which gravity pulls you down. The net force, or total force, is zero, so you do not move.
Comment: More specifically the sum of one force is the force itself (which is the first wording) and when more than one force the second wording applies.
Comment: No, this is the reverse of the common misunderstanding of the 3rd law. To get the net force, you need to add up all forces that act on one body, but you're adding up forces acting on different bodies. Gravity pulls you down and the chair pushes you up, this is what needs to be summed.
Comment: Thank you Roman - I had been thinking of gravity versus the normal force, as you said, but wrote something else and don't know how I misstated it like that. I've edited it to correct this.
Answer: The wordings of Newton's laws differ, although the math stays the same.
A "net force" is an English phrasing for the sum of all forces.  Intuitively, if I push on a wood block on one side with 100N, you push on the block from the other side with a force of 100N, the block isn't going to go anywhere.  While there are multiple 100N forces being applied, the sum of the forces (or the "net force" on the block) is zero, so it remains at rest.
The terms are not actually interchangeable.  Mathematically, one is $F_i$ and the other is $\sum_{i=0}^N F_i$.  However, we are talking about communicating in English.  In many cases, people will assume that the word "net" can be implied, and will omit it.  This is especially true in simple textbook examples where there may be only one force acting on the body.
Answer: The word net means total, or sum
Here is a scenario: A rolling cart with some forces acting along its direction of motion. Now consider the following situations

No forces acting upon the cart. The net force is zero and the cart moves with constant velocity. $$F_{\rm net} = 0 $$

One force $F_1$ acts on the cart. The net force equals this force and the cart accelerates. $$ F_{\rm net} = F_1 \neq 0 $$

Two or more forces $F_1$, $F_2$, etc act on the cart. The net force is the "directional" sum of the forces. This sum is not zero, and the cart accelerates. $$ F_{\rm net} = F_1 + F_2 + \ldots \neq 0 $$

Two equal and opposite forces act on the cart, $F_1=F$ and $F_2=-F$. The net force is zero and the cart moves with constant velocity $$F_{\rm net} = F_1 + F_2 = F - F = 0$$

Two or more forces $F_1$, $F_2$, etc act on the cart but they all balance out. The net force is zero and the cart moves with constant velocity. $$ F_{\rm net} = F_1 + F_2 + \ldots = 0 $$

So the more general term the describes the situation is net force and only when there is one force acting the two wordings are equivalent.
Answer: It means the same thing, but is worded more precisely.
The difference becomes clearer when you consider two forces that are applied to the object at the same time - in the less precise wording, of course there would be an acceleration, because there is a force (and another one for the second force). What really happens is that the (vectorial)  sum of the two forces - the net force - decides if there will be an acceleration.
The term net force clarifies that you need to add up all forces (if more than one), and if there is a sum = net force, an acceleration will happen.
Comment: So if the sum is greater or less than zero, there'll be an acceleration?
Answer:
[...] whilst for other articles, it states "unless acted upon by a net
force."

The latter is really the correct expression, the former really being a 'lazyism'.
Consider the following body, subject to three forces as an example:

Newton's First Law refers to the net force $\mathbf{F}$, calculated as the vector sum:
$$\mathbf{F}=\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n\mathbf{F_i}=\mathbf{F_1}+\mathbf{F_2}+\mathbf{F_3}$$
The individual forces, in that sense, don't matter, only the so-called resultant force matters.
Answer: Besides the answers already given, you can think of Newton's first law as a special case of Newtons second law. For Newton's second law the "force" is explicitly stated as a "net force", or
$$F_{net}=ma$$
Assuming constant mass, if the net external force acting on an object is zero, then the acceleration of the object is also zero, i.e., the object will either be at rest or moving at constant velocity with respect to an observer in any inertial frame per Newton's first law.
Hope this helps.
Answer: The total of all forces applied to an object is called the net force acting on that object.
Answer: Force is a vector quantity. The first law talks of a single object and a force, without going in the details.
A net force means a vector addition of forces, two equal and opposite forces add up to zero net force . This  is expressed more clearly here.


Why not corned pork instead of beef?

Question: I have made a few corned beef with chuck and pot roast cuts. Using salt,sugar nitrite salt , etc: the results have been excellent. I have not used brisket because they are so big.  Pork loins and shoulders are so cheap I would like to try corned pork . What could go wrong ?
Answer: What could go wrong? Probably not much. The same process that turns beef into corned beef turns pork into corned pork - and if you use another piece and compare recipes, you might recognize the process from curing ham. You might have to compare recipes a bit - curing times ranging from two to ten days depending on the author - and the actual cooking process could require a slightly different timing, but overall, nothing specific to the animal.
And like corned beef, corned pork is sold canned as luncheon meat. The iconic Spam being an (slightly infamous) example.
I even found one writer that claims pork was actually the more "Irish" version for Irish families (beef being more expensive and mostly exported), while using beef became the American-Irish tradition, resorting to the (Jewish) brisket when beef was actually cheaper and easier to get than pork.
Comment: Wanted to mention Spam and the like too. Also a famous danish label sell what is basically corned pork.
Answer: In St.Mary's county Md they have been corning fresh hams for years. You take a fresh ham and put into a brine of pickling spice for 7/10 days than they cut slits in the ham and stuff it with a mixture of greens, Kale,Cabbage,Onion and spices and wrap it up in cheese cloth and place inside a pillow case and place in a large pot and boil for about 18 minutes per pound, remove and let drain good, place in refrigerator for a day or two, unwrap ham and slice thin and serve with some of the stuffing or make a sandwich. For more info look up St Mary's County Md Stuffed Ham recipes.

Why not corned pork instead of beef?


How to animate weight-painting?

Question: I want that particles would appear from one corner, and like a wave would go through all the plane using vertex density. Basically just to animate the weight-painting. Is it possible do it, or maybe there is some other ways to make similar effect?
Answer: I think you're looking for the Vertex Weight Proximity modifier. It lets you assign vertex weights based on, for example, the distance to the target object's geometry, which you can animate per usual.
Comment: Did you skip any steps for this setup?  I tried this setup with several different values and even animated the torus dropping down over the sphere and there was no effect on the sphere's weight values.  Nothing obvious happens in Vertex Paint mode either.
Comment: One step you might've missed that I failed to mention was that you have to have the vertex group already assigned to the vertices that you want this modifier to affect. It cannot add vertices to a group automatically, and this might be a reason why you don't see any changes.
Comment: It works with weight map, but for some reason it doesn't effect particles, maybe I miss something?
(http://gyazo.com/ef83c45f53eae0dfae98773995617856)
Comment: I'm no expert on particles so I'm afraid I can't help with that. It could be that particles only really operate on the beginning state and ignore subsequent changes. It might be worth checking the solution that uses textures to see if it behaves differently.
Answer: Using Dynamic Paint you can get something close to what you are looking for.

First you will need to add a Dynamic Paint canvas to the plane you want with the vertex group.
Add a object and assign it as a Dynamic Paint brush.
Change the settings of the canvas object. The Format should be Vertex set Surface type to Weight. Note the name of the Dynamic Paint output vertex group (default is dp_weight) and add a vertex group with the same name.
To get the vertex group to fade out after the brush, enable the check mark Fade: under the Dynamic Paint Advanced. Then change the time slider down to something quicker suitable to your animation.

This is a example blend showing Dynamic Paint controlling the length of a hair Particle system.
Comment: In example u gave us, i changed type Hair to Emmiter, and activate Density vertex group - dp_weight, but for some reason it doesn't effect particle emission. Maybe i miss something?
Answer: Currently there is no way to animate weight paint directly (unless you do so via some Python script).
Instead, you can use a texture to control particles with a texture, if the animation is simple. You can use offset to control the moment of the texture. The values that are of interest are highlighted in yellow.
Answer: Dynamic paint is the way to go.
The thing is that you can´t go with only one brush for both length and density weight groups at the same time.
It looks like the particle generator, no matter if it is emitter or hair, doesn't update very well, in fact it "can't" generate particles  if the canvas has the fade option on for this surface layer (the one used for density) and moving brush objects are involved. Yes, the particles will appear for some frames to inconsistenly dissapear.
You have to use two surface layers in the canvas menu: one for the density and one more for the length.  For this case/example you can use the same brush/mesh
The density layer should have no fade at all. It means it will paint all in brush area and along his path.
 For this part you can also manually prepaint the area via weights where the particles should appear. Well, you can also use a map or a texture to control the particles density and secure the area of emission.
the length layer should have the Fade option activated in order to make the particles appear/dissapear by the area defined by the brush. This layer wil make the magic.
Things can change if more interaction is involved, like let's say...drivers, curve modifiers,modifiers in general,...for the modifiers case remember to activate the Use modifier stack in the emission pannel in the particle emitter menu. If something doenst updates well try to disconnect/reconnect the weight maps/vertex groups in the influence panel of the particles, inverting/reverting the values in the same menu works fine: (<-> icon)
thats all
Comment: these very detailed instructions helped me a lot to find may way...

How to animate weight-painting?


Can I use Maida atta instead of plain flour for breading?

Question: So guys I want to make a dish called Crispy Chicken Burger patties and in the recipe it is prescribed to coat the chicken in plain flour to make it crispy so I wanted to ask if I can use Maida atta as a substitute. Thanks in advance.
Comment: What's the rest of the recipe? Are the patties going in to a deep fryer?
Answer: You don't note which one you would want to use. Maida and atta are both made from wheat. Maida is made only from the endosperm (the large, starchy part of the wheat kernel), while atta is made from the whole grain, including the bran. Both are super-refined, though, so you might want to add a couple of tablespoons of finely crushed dried bread crumbs to the flour to give it some grain (texture); that way, it won't be as prone to soaking up your cooking oil and turning the patties soggy.
Comment: There's also a trick in frying, where you intentionally add some drops of liquid to your flour ... this will cause some clumps and give you a more uneven coating of flour.  (leading to more surface area, and some extra crispy bits in the coating)
Comment: [*Refined* usually means removing the bran and the germ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refined_grains). Atta is whole wheat flour, i.e., it has the bran and the germ in addition to the endosperm. What does "super-refined" mean in this context?
Answer: Using atta(Whole wheat flour) instead of maida(AP flour) will impart two changes in the recipe:

Color: using atta will give you slightly darker color than using maida.
Flavor: using maida will give you cleaner flavor where chicken flavor and/or spices will dominate, while using atta will give you slightly earthy, wheaty flavor.

But these are usually minor things and I would use them interchangeably in your recipe without much hesitation.


What does "Tech 1pt" and "Tech 2pt" mean?

Question: I know that when I kill various enemies, I get experience points that help me level my characters. However, sometimes I see "Tech 1pt" or "Tech 2pt" after hitting (not necessarily killing) an enemy. What does that mean? What does "Tech" do?
Answer: "Tech" is bonus XP earned during a fight. It's generally awarded for succeeding in... Unecessary areas, to put it bluntly.
An example would be Wakka in the beginning. When he yells, "Take this!" and throws his blitz ball at you, you can hit it back to him for bonus XP in the form of Tech points.
There are several other ways to earn tech points (parrying an attack, exploiting an enemies weakness, etc.).
The Wikia gives a few more (better) examples than mine, though.
Comment: Ah, so they're not separate from XP, they are just bonus XP with a weirdly different name?
Comment: Correct. They go toward your level progress, and can actually provide a pretty substantial boost to your overall gain.  I would play "tennis" with Wakka and manage to be level 10 before getting to Traverse Town.
Comment: Fun fact: You can use this to power level on Destiny Island quickly. Got up to level 35 by just deflecting Tidus' attacks.
Comment: @Ktash That's where I power leveled early. On Wakka. Go Final Fantasy X!
Comment: I think I actually powerleveled off of Rikku, but I might be wrong, it was whoever was up on the little island you had to jump to, really easy to get lots of tech points if your able to keep him in the air.


What is the difference between wallet versions 159900 and 169900

Question: The wallet from 2018 version,159900 to the one i have now which is version 169900,what is the difference in the two diff versions?
Answer: 169900 is a version that implements a certain feature required for upgrading older wallets to support split HD chains (introduced in version 139900). It exists because the upgrade mechanism required a new version for this necessary feature to be implemented.
The feature added is a pre-HD split keypool. This allows users who upgrade from prior to HD chain split to still use their pre-split keypool. The version number had to be incremented in order to allow the upgrade to work - it is not possible to upgrade a pre-HD split wallet to 139900, the upgrade must be to 169900.
New wallets use 169900 as their version number because it happens to be highest version number.
Comment: Thanks andrew,but it still saying i have one version 15990 on chainquery and version 169900 main on the core, is the chainquery one just a mock and untrue then,
Comment: 159900 just means the wallet as made on an older version. Wallets are not upgraded automatically so the version number will not change until you explicitly upgrade it.
Comment: @AndrewChow I think OP is trying to say they're comparing with the output of running the same command on chainquery.com. Marc: it is almost certainly simulated, but we don't have any insight in how that site works.
Comment: ThanSk Andrew i thought chainquery was simulated, so the only true info is what comes from the core..only got 8000 blocks to go then i can get to work.,
Answer: The difference between version 159900 and 169900 is a minor feature, allowing the upgrade from pre-HD wallets or not. It is unlikely to matter for an end user.
Both versions imply the wallet was last created or upgraded using a Bitcoin Core version from 2018 or later.


Differential of riemannian exponential, geodesic triangles and jacobi fields

Question: Let $(M,g)$ be a riemannian manifold, with exponential $exp$, assumed to be globally a diffeomorphism. Denote its inverse by $log$. Let $a,b,c\in M$ be three points on the manifold. I would like to prove that $d(exp_a)(log_a(b))(log_a(b)-log_a(c))=-log_b(c)$. This result holds in the special case that $a=c$, but I was wondering for the general result where $a,b,c$ are distinct and form a geodesic triangle. This result makes sense at least in the case of manifolds with non-positive curvature, since on the one hand $\parallel log_a(b)-log_a(c) \parallel\leq\parallel log_b(c) \parallel$, by comparison with a triangle in euclidean space and toponogov's theorem, while on the other hand $\parallel d(exp_a)(log_a(b))w\parallel\geq\parallel w\parallel$, for any tangent $w$ by Cartan-Hadamard theorem.  A similar result which holds trivially is that $d(exp_a)(log_a(X(t)))(\frac{d}{dt}log_a(X(t)))=\dot X(t)$ for a curve $X:I \rightarrow M$ after differentiating the equation $exp_a(log_a(X(t)))=X(t)$. I suspect that the notion of Jacobi fields will be helpful but I do not know how to preceed. Maybe the result I want does not hold exactly but something similar holds. Any idea will be higly appreciated.
Answer: In general this is not true. Just take $S^2$ and $a,b,c$ such that all interior angles are $\frac{\pi}{2}$.


Excel : Merging Data sets

Question: I want to merge two data sets (that each have two columns). Column A is a name, column B is a number in both data sets. Column A of both data sets will have several names that are identical, some will be unique. This is what I am trying to achieve :
Photo of example
Answer: Sort column A in alphaberical order. In another column, use the VLOOKUP function to get values for each name to populate on that column.
Answer: Here is one way to do this, but will result in putting the Names column in alphabetical order. Cells with no data will be blank.
Part 1: List all names, in each Name column.

Copy all names from Data Set B, and paste them beneath the existing list of names in Data Set A.
Copy all names from Data Set A, and paste them beneath the existing list of names in Data Set B.

Part 2: Remove Duplicate Names

Select all names (now it is a longer list) in Data Set A. In the "Data" tab, select "Data Tools," select "Remove Duplicates".
Repeat for names in Data Set B

Part 3: Sort data in each set alphabetically by name.
Part 4: Reorganize columns
At this point, both Name columns should match up. Simply copy the 2015 column and paste it in desired location adjacent to the 2014 column.
Comment: Part 3 and 4 can be replaced with the VLOOKUP function or INDEX MATCH (same result) to fill in the 2015 column if you don't want alphabetical order.

Excel : Merging Data sets


How to reduce inrush current for DC Motor in boom barrier gate application?

Question: I'm using 24V 25W 100RPM DC geared motor for boom barrier gate application.So I added an overload protection for that circuit but whenever the motor starts the inrush current is produced and it triggers the overload protection circuit.How will I reduce the inrush current?
Some say about soft-start but that doesn't fit for my application.
Comment: You may need that inrush current to overcome the mechanical inertia...
Answer: 24V 25W 100RPM DC geared motor That is about 1 amp of current but does not include startup current or 'jammed motor' current. Startup is at least 3 to 5 amps for a 10th of a second. A 1 ohm 10 watt wirewound resistor can choke back the high start current, as the voltage drop across the resistor is 1 volt per amp of current the motor draws, but this simple trick is limited to a 2 ohm resistor at 20 watts.
With a 1 ohm resistor a startup current of 3 amps creates a 3 volt drop to the motor, so for a 10th of a second the motor 'sees' only 21 volts. With a 2 ohm resistor the drop is 6 volts, so now the motor has 18 volts at startup. You cannot increase the resistor any more as the motor has to have enough torque to get in motion to move the load. If it bogs down at 2 ohms then 1 ohm is your limit.
As for a jammed motor only a fuse can stop damage to the motor or power source. Since the motor pulls at least 3 amps to start, a 5 amp MDL (slow-blow) fuse in series with the 24 volt line should work well. All of these parts including an inline fuse holder can be bought at many supply stores. No need to buy expensive electronic current limiters. This simple setup does not justify the cost.
NOTE: it triggers the overload protection circuit. There is the assumption that the power supply has enough current to start and run this motor. If the power supply is not rated for 3 to 5 amps at 24 volts then a more robust power supply maybe the answer, still possibly using the resistor.


Sheathing carrying vertical load more than studs

Question: When wooden walls are created and sheathed in place before erecting (sheathing does go all the way to sill and top plates) some studs don't have a great connection to top or sill plates because of imperfections in the end cut of the studs or less than perfect construction. They're locked in place by sheathing before a vertical load (the roof) can settle those gaps. Even after the roof has been added, I've still seen gaps between studs and plates. Will strong sheathing actually carry the vertical load for years, or even the lifetime of the structure? Or will settling effectively work on the sheathing/stud connections, until those weaken and move until the studs create full contact with the plates?
Comment: I would say that poorly built structures will age poorly.  It might be fine, or the OSB will crack or warp.
Comment: Obviously not built to the engineer's drawings so check with the builder.
Answer: It depends on the primary function of the stud that is floating. Two results are expected:

Immediately damages the sheathing by tearing if it has a joist or another loaded stud directly over, or even adjacent to, it, as the gap will be closed by the load.

"Progressive failure" or "no failure" if the stud is away from the location of direct bearing. Here are the two scenarios:

a) Progressive failure - although it is a non-direct bearing stud, all studs under a less rigid header beam share a fraction of the load, when one stud among many is floating, the adjacent studs tend to pick up some of its shares and have excessive stress through the combined forces and the drag force caused by the unpicked force that pushes the sheathing and the floating stud down to close the gap. The stress can increase, due to changes in humidity and varying drying rate of the components, to the extent that causes the sheathing to buckle, the nail or the nail holes to fail, and damages the wall finishing.

b) No failure - if the header beam is sufficiently rigid and capable of bridging over the floating stud.
Comment: Thanks a million for your help!
Answer: A good carpenter would cut all the studs by a table saw or miter saw correctly.
Type 5 (light wood frame) construction, has built-in measures to deal with these potential imperfections. eg, 4 by post under beams, staggered overlap on the double plate, double stud under window headers, etc.
Non the less, due to some careless drilling by the plumber or electrician after the fact some studs may get weakened or totally destroyed at some locations.
A half-inch plywood can take the load acting as a web of a T-beam or the compression member of a C channel between the two good studs.
I have seen studs totally honeycombed by termite damage passing the load to the sheathing or stucco. But it remains to see what happens during an earthquake.
A quick rough estimation of the strength of a short stud joint is to assume plywood will crack in a triangle pattern connecting the tip of 2 adjacent studs to the top of the short stud, like the ultimate strength concrete slab crack method.
Also, there are many fasteners designed to reinforce crippled studs.
Comment: Thanks a million for your help!


How do I extract Parallels Desktop's dock icon?

Question: Parallels Desktop has ugly red bars on its icon. How can I remove those bars?
Answer: First, see this article. It eliminates the red bar well.
Anyway dock icon when Parallels is not running shows bad icon. You can replace this icon in app's resource folder. Anyway we don't have the clean icon now. To get the clean icon, follow these steps.

Find Parallels Desktop's PID.
Run GDB as superuser. Attach to Parallels Desktop.
Execute Objective-C that saves code for current dock icon image into a file.

See this console log.
Hoons-MacBook-Air:~ Eonil$ ps -A | grep Parallels\ Desktop
 4223 ??         0:01.79 /Applications/Parallels Desktop.app/Contents/MacOS/prl_client_app -psn_0_950504
 4259 ttys007    0:00.00 grep Parallels Desktop
Hoons-MacBook-Air:~ Eonil$ sudo gdb
GNU gdb 6.3.50-20050815 (Apple version gdb-1708) (Thu Nov  3 21:59:02 UTC 2011)
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-apple-darwin".
(gdb) attach 4223
Attaching to process 4223.
Reading symbols for shared libraries . done
Reading symbols for shared libraries ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... done
0x00007fff8d17f67a in mach_msg_trap ()
(gdb) po [[[[[[NSApplication sharedApplication] dockTile] contentView] image] TIFFRepresentation] writeToFile:@"/Users/Eonil/Temp/t.tiff" atomically:YES]
0x1 does not appear to point to a valid object.
(gdb) quit
The program is running.  Quit anyway (and detach it)? (y or n) y
Detaching from process 4223.
Hoons-MacBook-Air:~ Eonil$ open /Users/Eonil/Temp/t.tiff
Hoons-MacBook-Air:~ Eonil$

You'll see the icon with Preview app.
Take care about you have to replace the file path /Users/Eonil/Temp/t.tiff to path exists on your computer.
This hack will extract current icon. So if you want to extract other icon, just make your Parallels to show the other icon and use this hack at the time.


So this is not a (real) question? But.. what is it?

Question:
https://superuser.com/questions/400724/a-small-open-source-firewall-for-windows-xp#comment455486_400724

May be someone is shooting too fast?
(not every short question lacks a point, I mean)
Comment: This is a greater problem though. [Recommendations for the BEST?](http://meta.superuser.com/questions/3510/recommendations-for-the-best) and [Since when are software recommendations off-topic?](http://meta.superuser.com/questions/3515/since-when-are-software-recommendations-off-topic)
Comment: I know that. Before being closed, a question can be flagged by a user (such as myself) citing a specific reason out of those provided. NARQ is one, and off-topic (my choice) is another. Asking for software recommendations is similar to a "shopping list" question. Even if it's FOSS.
Comment: Yeah, it's not that evident. There's not a clearly written rule for these types of things. However, what we don't want to encourage is just compiling a list of answers. You can probably do that yourself given enough research. **Make your question state an actual problem** that we can try to solve. Just add a little context, that's all. It's hard to explain this all at once, I'm sorry.
Comment: My intention was not by any means about shopping, also. All I wanted is a supported open-source simple (like GhostWall) WinXP firewall. Period :)
Comment: @slhck Thanks. But, what (in the light of those discussions) makes the question illegal, again? It is specific (not too broad) enough to be hard to answer immediately (that's why I asked it), yet (as it turns out) there're answers; if it is all about not providing a behind-the-question-war-story, it may may or not be good for the question's "future", but it obviuosly cannot make it illegal (in any way).
Answer:
I.e., as slim(*) as GhostWall, but w/source code and supported.
<code>-- providing simple port/protocol/direction alllow/disallow rules
</code>
Anyone?

What exactly is your problem here? You haven't really stated much and it's fairly vague. It would poll a lot of different opinions and doesn't provide a definitive answer.
You need to be more definite on what you want, and what exactly your problem is. Windows includes what I call a "small firewall" that already does this. A little research and telling us what you have/haven't tried would help.
Just asking for a list of software that will work is off-topic here, as it's basically a shopping question.
If you edit the question, we could vote to reopen it.
Comment: I'm just telling you based on experience here — you may or may not follow that suggestion, but it helps to have as much context as possible in a question. @miv
Comment: Tell us *why* you need it in the first place, why Windows Firewall is insufficient, and what you've already found @mlvljr
Comment: @mlvljr Like he said, it is a suggestion. However, it's generally encouraged to show in your questions that you've done some legwork already. It also helps avoid the influx of responses saying "why not just do ____?" if you already ruled it out. It clarifies your needs and helps you get a relevant answer more quickly.
Comment: @Mlvjr, how are we supposed to know what you know? How do we know that suggesting to use the built in firewall doesn't work or that you already tried alternative X and that it used too many resources. Your question tells us nothing, so we can't give you anything either. Take it or leave it
Comment: @slhck Why should I, if I already know that for myself, and have figured a specific list of properties for one, that would suffice?
Comment: They may well be @mlvljr, but in that case they are of no use other than you, which makes it a very localized recommendation and generally not something we're looking for. Your question is not here to just help you, but hopefully everybody else who has the same problem
Comment: @Ivo You missed the second "l" in my nick, so I missed your reply :)  Again, my question -- while not telling much on its behind-the-scenes -- states the requirements clearly, which is enough to answer it (even in the absence of my rationale). In other words, this is not the case when the "specs" are given implicitly within the "here's my problem and what i tried" story. They are given explicitly (in a form "I need X having properties Y, Z"), and are precise and narrow enough for the question to be correctly understood and get a non-opinionated answer.
Comment: @Ivo Yup, I've already come to this, thanks to this discussion ;)


How much do I cut and how much do I leave

Question: https://travel.stackexchange.com/a/131096/4188 this is a highly upvoted answer but it is now outdated because DT 564 / 565 now exists between Lagos and Luanda M/W/F. This makes most / all of the answer outdated. However some of it (Moscow-Havanna,Istanbul-Panama City) is a good collection of non-EU transatlantic flights. So how much should I cut and how much should I add? Should I just add the new simplified answer after the Turkey section, add a note after "there are other possibilities but now these are less good" and leave the rest?
Answer: You should update the answer with the most recent information, so that it becomes accurate, factual, and complete. Hence, you should cut out the outdated parts, insert the updated ones, and re-write all the statements which are not true as of today.
Comment: OK, I edited it down to what I would write now and didn't leave anything historical.


no electrical power to my audi

Question: someone tried to hook up after market headlights to my Audi A4 1.8 turbo, 2001 model. they bridged a wire  and as such i lost power in my windows, wipers, horn,indicators, door locks etc. which control module, if any, should  be causing that problem?
Answer: The module in question is the body control module (BCM).
The BCM  is the electronic control unit that monitors and controls all of the systems in the car body. Electric windows,A/C functions, electric mirrors,electric locks,security systems, etc.
It communicates with all the other modules via the cars vehicle bus. It drives all the relays the control all the nice gadgets. As with all the vehicular modules it generates fault codes for problem diagnosis.
It seems like the installer of the headlights tapped into the main power feed and using sufficient current to render it inoperable (voltage dropping below threshold or a blown fuse). Logically you would assume that someone could have used the same circuit as the original headlights. I guess not.....
Answer: The other answer by resident_heretic is the answer to your direct question, but you should also check the fuses - especially the main ones under the bonnet / hood as when you say "bridged the wire" this may have blown one of the supply fuses...

no electrical power to my audi


Manga where the main character's family were destroyed and their souls put into an artifact

Question: I'm looking for a manga that was on the late mangatx.com site. In this manga, the main character's family was killed by a powerful cultivator and their souls, if I remember correctly, were used to make an artifact. When he joined a sect to get stronger to (sic) was later entirely destroyed and he at one point ended up on another continent or dimension world. The only clue I have is that, on the cover picture, the main character was wearing a red shirt and he had one wing.
Comment: Hi, welcome to SF&F.  When did you read this?
Comment: While it's not what you're asking about, what you're describing sounds remarkably like Elena of Avalor (sans the male protagonist and it being manga). Not sure what a cultivator is offhand. Okay, I looked it up. I'm familiar with those. EOA is a little like that (but not super intensely).
Answer: Might this be The Warrior Returns as per Manhwa where the main character is sent to another world after his family is killed?

After saving one world, warrior Minsu Kim returns to Earth only to find that he's lost everything... so he decides to destroy the world he used to call home. In his rampage, he kills teenager Jeongsu Park and his family. But instead of dying normally, Jeongsu is transported to another world, where he finds that he's now a warrior himself. After killing the demon king of this alternate world and honing his skills as a warrior, Jeongsu returns to earth, hell-bent on revenge against Minsu.

Not matching, while the cover does show him in red, there isn't one wing.
Comment: I read it on mangatx.com between 5-6 years ago but I do remember another thing when the Mc confronted the guy who killed his family he was about to be killed but some portal or wormhole open right behind him and he died while getting sucked into it because it wasn't stable but his soul survived and while inside he possessed someone else body who had died not too long ago. Another thing was that in this universe there are these beads that can help cultivate faster than most people I believe the one the mc had gave him pills


Wiring single circuit GFCI circuit breaker where a duplex GFCI breaker is shown in wiring diagram

Question: I am wiring a hot tub.  The spa subpanel I purchased (Eaton) came with a 50 amp duplex GFCI breaker which is what many spas use.  I bought a used Hot Springs Spa and found instead of a single 240 volt feed their wiring diagram shows both a 20 amp split phase 120 V configuration, utilizing a neutral as well as a 30 amp GFCI which feeds the heater, no neutral just ground.  I replaced the 50 amp GFCI with a 30 amp GFCI and have no problems.  The potential problem comes with the inability to install an addition 20 amp duplex GFCI breaker in the panel. I can and have connected single 20 amp GFCI breakers where L1 and neutral feed one circuit and L2 and a neutral feed the second circuit.  There is only one neutral connection to the spa controller.  A duplex ckt bkr has one neutral pigtail and one neutral load connector.  My configuration has two each pigtails and neutral load connectors.  The only way I see to wire this is to jumper the two neutral load connections together with the neutral wire feeding the spa.  I also have connected both pigtails to the subpanel neutral bus.  My question is whether there is something electrically different about a duplex breaker and two single breakers (both GFCI).  I notice when I press the test button on either breaker they both trip, so I think it is functioning properly.  Each 120 V circuit feeds two different loads; circ pump and a jet pump, so at least in spirit I don't think they require a common trip handle.  I have already spent too much money on breakers and if this configuration will work I would like to use it, otherwise I will have to buy a panel that will let me use two tandem GFCI breakers and of course a tandem GFCI breaker at at additional cost of nearly $200.  I would appreciate your inputs.  If you have experience with the Hot Spring permanently wired 240 V spas, please mention that in your reply.
Comment: What is the model number of your spa? Size of motors and air pump heater wattage?
Answer: You cannot combine neutrals from two GFCI breakers; it just won't work. A GFCI functions by comparing current flow between hot and neutral (for a 120 volt breaker) or hot 1 and hot 2 (for a 240 volt duplex breaker). Because you've combined the two neutrals, the current between the hot and neutral won't balance.
I have no information on modifying your spa, but if you cannot change it, you'll need a different panel and two duplex GFCI breakers.
Comment: I considered running an additional neutral load wire from the second 120V breaker to the spa itself, but there is only a single neutral connection on the controller relay board.  My concern there was doing so would essentially duplicate the configuration I proposed.  Do you agree?
Comment: @chuckhallet Correct. That would make no difference. Any interconnection of neutrals past a GFCI will cause the GFCI to trip.
Answer: The answer is NO you can not use 2 separate GFCI's to create 240v. You can not parallel breakers except in supervised or listed conditions
The hot springs spas I have wired  require a 30 amp 240v and a 20 amp 120v feed with a ground on the 240 that you don't show all on a 50 amp feeder the actual wiring diagram was on the inside cover of the controller not the block diagram you show on the right or the incomplete drawing on the left.  If the used spa panel you purchased can not handle a double pole GFCI and a single pole GFCI you have wasted your money.
I just pulled up the MFG website to make sure what I said was still accurate as it has been a couple of years. They still wire their spas exactly the same way.
30 amp 10 awg hot hot ground, 20 amp 120v hot neutral  1 model had a ground but that was for 230v control make sure of the voltage and verify the proper jumpers on the terminal block I had forgotten about that.
You need a 30 amp 240v GFCI and a 20a 120v GFCI to connect to MFG specifications. It looks like the wiring diagrams start on page 31 of the 2019 model earlier models are a few pages later.
Just a note, used electrical equipment is rarely a good deal in my experience.
Code changes every 3 years and in some cases you could be just purchasing a new anchor for a boat or a device that works today but fails next week because of age.
Make sure to use the schematic inside your controller even if the same brand as your hot tub the wiring can be different than online or older sub panels sold by the same mfg.
Comment: Thank you for your response.  I have been searching to find wiring diagrams for different versions of the INVENSYS control and relay boards without results.  Would you happen to know if and where any can be found?
Comment: The mfg web site has 3 different models of the same board but jumpers are required in some without the model of your tub we can't really help you, a photo of your connection block may be helpful. The schematic was on the inside cover of the tubs I wired.


How does forward sweep of a wing affect the formation of shock waves?

Question: I understand that sweeping a wing back reduces the component of velocity perpendicular to the wing and can allow it to travel at subsonic conditions, and reduce the formation of shock waves, even if the freestream velocity is greater. I am wondering if the same concept applies for a forward swept wing or if there are other factors to take into consideration?
Answer: The same rules apply for the forward sweep. But care should be taken since multiple problems can arise. For the forward sweep wing an outer part of the wing can be outside the mach cone of the nose. Also a shock is forming at the wing tip which will influence the other half of the wing (this is a difference in the flow field to the backward swept wing and introduces an interaction of both sides). An Advantage of forward swept wings is, that it is easier to achieve a smooth Crossection Gradient Distribution over the airplane (lower wave drag).
This question is really nice! I was trying to find resources and couldn't find any! So any suggestions/corrections are welcome.
Comment: Thanks for your response! You mention that the shock is forming at the wing tip, I am wondering if, because of this opposing spanwise direction of flow that the shock is more important and difficult to control at the inner wing for forward sweep?
Comment: I don't think i am qualified enough to give you a correct answer. I think the spanwise direction of the flow is not really the  problem, but more the interaction of the shocks. It is probably more difficult to control the flow in the inner wing, but what is the advantage of that? Having the ailerons on the outer wing would suggest to me, that having forward swept wings is even advantagous for controlability (disregarding twist). But as mentioned in the beginning, this are just thoughts, and maybe somebody with the proper background can give you a more precise answer.
Answer: The forward swept wings  don't flying at supersonic speed, aerodynamic twist (and flutter) are two major issues. Straight wings can't go supersonic how can forward swept do it?
Comment: Incorrect; the X-29 had forward swept wings and a max speed of Mach 1.8.


How to Unlock thousands of records as they are locked due to approval process

Question: Hi is there any way to fetch all the opportunity records which are in the locked state due to the approval process and as an administrator I want to unlock all the records at a time.
Answer: Assuming that this is a one-time activity you are trying to do, I would recommend you write a batch apex code and make use of the Approval Class methods mentioned here. You can use the isLocked and unlock methods. Before you execute this code, check if you have enabled Enable record locking and unlocking in Apex under Settings > Process Automation > Process Automation Settings.
Also refer this for some more information.


Do Most LED Hallway Lighting Fixtures have replaceable lamps

Question: Most traditional hallway lighting fixtures have replaceable lamps (bulbs).  I've been told that with LED sconces that "most" do not have replaceable lamps.  For an apartment building that would mean replacing the entire fixture every 5-6 years, assuming a 50,000 hour expected life, since they run 24 hours a day.  That doesn't seem acceptable.
Comment: So just put LED bulbs in regular  fixtures.
Comment: It's true, many of them don't use bulbs, and therefore are not trivial to replace, the benefit is that lights of different shapes/sizes can be produced, the down-side is that you can't easily swap out just the LED.
Comment: Why not put them on light sensors so they shut off when covered by ambient light?  Or if in utility areas, motion sensors.  Of course those sensors may prove higher maintenance than the LEDs...
Comment: Hard to say what most fixtures have, especially without knowing where you are in the world.
Answer: Time for math!  I love math.
50,000 hours x 25W x $0.12/kWh = $150 total running costs over the lifetime of the LED fixture.  Plus the cost of the unit itself - say another $150.  That's $300/fixture, or $60/fixture-year.
By contrast, a halogen bulb costs $2.50 and lasts 1000 hours.  So you need to buy 50 of them to meet the lifetime of the LED bulb.  That's $125 in bulbs.  Plus running costs: 50,000 hours x 72W x $0.12/kWh = $432 in electricity.  Neglecting the cost of the fixture, as it doesn't get replaced, you're spending $111.40/fixture-year for something that has the benefit of being replaceable.
A CFL equivalent might be $4.50, so it's more expensive than the halogen, but it also lasts longer (10,000 hours-ish).  It also uses less power than the halogen, but more than the LED.  Using the same math, you'll spend $45 in bulbs and $132 in electricity, for an average of $35.40/fixture-year.  So if you're going to go replaceable bulbs, definitely go CFL (but then you have to live with the light of CFLs, which some find objectionable).
TL; DR: Even replacing the fixture every 5 years, LEDs are cheaper in the long run than halogens.  CFLs are even cheaper than LEDs (slightly less efficient, but cheaper bulbs), but their light is objectionable to some.
Comment: You neglected the **labor cost of replacing all those bulbs**, and the inconvenience of having it be dark while they are burnt out (as opposed to 70% brightness, the "end of life" criteria for most LED devices - they do not so much burn out as get dimmer, and they will continue operating dimmer for quite some time....
Comment: Halogens seem an odd choice for comparison, also they last ~2000 hours, did you mean standard incandescent bulbs?
Comment: @Ecnerwal aren't those points in favor of the LEDs?  I guess that would be icing on the cake that is LED fixtures.

Halogen would be the closest thing to "incandescent" you can expect to find most places.  I got lifetime estimates [here]
(https://www.tomsguide.com/us/light-bulb-guide,review-1986.html).  Those are manufacturer lifetimes, though, and so they'd probably be shorter overall if used 24/7.
Comment: Its not the LEDS that will burn out, it is everything but.  There is a circuit board, voltage regulators, electronic components, solder joints, and, and, and.  The rated hours for the LEDs is like giving a rated hours for a screw on a HDD, the screw will outlast that rest of the components so whats the point?  Our 2 light enclosed ceiling fixtures destroy LED bulbs, way more than CFLs of Incandescents.  Even using name brand (but on sale) LED bulbs because they get too hot inside the fixture.
Answer: I get it.  A light emitter is a "bulb" which frequently burns out, and the fixture is a durable thing which does not.  That's been the paradigm, and now it's dead. Buh-bye.
LED is an extremely long-lived technology - so long that in a fixture, the LED emitter life is not the limiting factor.  Probably the #1 threat is electronic driver failure, particularly capacitors, then solder crystallization over years, corrosion from weather, physical damage and the like.  They talk about old LEDs getting dimmer, I've never actually seen that.
So where do they get 50,000 hours?  It's arm-waving guesswork.  Because somebody pinned them to the wall and said "You have to say a number, you can't sell this thing without saying a number!"  So they made something up.  And mostly they are basing that on things like driver failure, solder crystallization, etc. and some have to do with absolute fixture life, not "powered on" life.  So they make assumptions as to your usage, e.g. if they expect failure in 23 years and 25% (6 h/d) usage, they call it 50,000 hours.
Fully expect that at hour 50,000, 5% of them will have failed, and at hour 100,000, another 10% will have failed. And if you take them to a rework bench and replace some caps and reflow the solder or whatever, most could be brought back to life for another 50,000 hours.
I don't want to hear about life-cycle cost considerations if they involve cheap fixtures gotten from Home Depot.  If life-cycle is a genuine consideration, shop wisely for fixtures with excellent build quality and make some careful decisions about cost of servicing vs cost of quality.  Hey, Google built their empire on cheap, unreliable servers, and robust software that dispatched around hardware failure.  The numbers may say that's the way to go.
Answer: Many fixtures that call themselves "LED fixtures" do in fact have hardwired LEDs, and if they burn out, you have to replace the entire fixture. Some of these have designs that are 'novel' and could not possibly be done with regular bulbs, others seem to be simply trying to use "LED fixture" as their selling point.
If you're concerned about maintenance and longevity, just install a regular fixture and put LED bulbs in it. There are LED bulbs of literally every type on the market. To be safe, stick with a fixture that supports one of the common size bulbs: A19 (probably what you think of when someone says "light bulb"), MR16 or GU10. If you want a brighter bulb, many "100W-equivalent" LED bulbs are A21 (which is slightly larger than A19).
Comment: In my market (USA), the most abundant and cheap bases are Edison (E26) and Candelabra. I have great variety in those, at the lowest prices.  Others tend to be much more expensive.


If a paper is having any Ayat or Hadith written on it then in order to save that page from throwing, Can we burn it?

Question: If a paper is having any Ayat or Hadith written on it then in order to save that page from throwing, Can we burn it? If no, then what is the proper way, so that we dont get any sin?
Answer: I think so we can't burn because in past in history of Islam no one burnt and those who burnt Allah punish him badly at the spot if we found any piece of Paper I'm which ayat is written then save the page is best option.
Comment: Do you have any evidence to support your claims?
Comment: Yes according to my knowledge there is no hadith to burnt or I read about people some sahaba some or prophet or saints they all gave repect Or save these pages. And I also read about the story of women in which she Burt QuranPak and Allah punish her at the spot. There are hadith or sunah to save PR gave respect but according to my knowledge no permission to burnt
Comment: that is simply because the first time this happened by order was during the caliphate of 'Othman ibn' Affan
Answer: Some of the islamic teaching says that, if a paper is having any Quranic verse(words) or hadith which is not more able to read clearly(and can't be kept safe any more) can be wasted by the following ways: by burying that specific piece of paper into soil, by throwing it in the flowing water(like rivers or sea) or by burning it (if it is the only option remaining).
By burying
First of all, wrap that paper into any sheet or cloth which can save it from soil, then dig a deep hole where no disrespecting manners can occur(like, walking of people on that specifis place), and that place should be pure best method is to bury it in graveyard.
The great Hanafi Imam, Imam Ibn Abidin (may Allah have mercy on him) states:

"If a copy of the Mushaf (qur'an) becomes old and it is difficult to
  read from it, it should not be burnt in fire. This is what Imam
  Muhammad (m: student of Imam Abu Hanifa) pointed out and this is what
  we take. It will not be disliked to bury it. It should be wrapped in a
  pure cloth, and a Lahd grave (m: grave that has a incision in the side
  wall, customary in hot climate countries where the earth is solid)
  should be dug, because if a Shiq grave (m: grave with a straight
  opening, common in cold climate countries due to the earth being soft)
  is dug and the copy of the Qur'an is buried, it will entail the soil
  falling on top of the Qur'an which is a form of disrespect, unless a
  slab is placed as a roof…" (Radd al-Muhtar, 5/271)

By throwing in the river or sea
The other method is to throw it in the flowing water of rivers or sea. As the flowing water is said to be the pure water, and water can also remove or wipe the words on that pages. That papers should be thrown after tying with a heavy stone (as papers are light weight and they will float on water surface).
By burning
Burning the paper will be cosidered only when the above two options couldn't be applied. Burning process should be on a pure and clean place very carefully and its ash should be buried or thrown into water too.
Link for the description


Restrict Front Ended User access to Form entry only

Question: I have a front end database that I want to restrict user access to only enter data into a form. I do not want them to be able to scroll through other entries via the form. How can I restrict this in Access 2007-2010?
Answer: There's a property on the form called DataEntry
DataEntry property documentation
If you set it to True, it will only allow new additions, it will not show you other records.
Answer: Create a form based on that table, and only include the fields you want them to be able to edit.  Alternatively, you can add all the fields (for visibility) and disable (in the field Properties) the ones you want to be excluded from edits.  They will still be visible on the form, but the data they display cannot be edited.
Answer: You can passacFormAddas anDataModeargument on DoCmd.OpenForm to allow only adding records.
Second option: have a Where-Condtion in Recordsource that doesn't fetch data likeWhere 0 = 1. That will leave form empty as condition is never met.


Multiplying variables with different bases and different exponents

Question: I'm stuck.  Helping kid with alg II and the instructions say to simplify the expression into one radical.  $$\sqrt{10} \cdot \sqrt[4]{3}$$
I know how to do it with same base, or same exponent, but ten to the 1/2 times 3 to the 1/4?  Am I just overthinking this?  I can't see it.
Comment: First step, $(\sqrt[4]{100})(\sqrt[4]{3})$.  In general, if dealing with $x^{a/b}y^{c/d}$, first step is to bring $a/b$ and $c/d$ to a common denominator.
Answer: Without the square root signs (in the other answers since deleted) it might be easier to see your way to the solution.
$$
10^{\frac{1}{2}} 3^{\frac{1}{4}} =
10^{\frac{2}{4}} 3^{\frac{1}{4}} =
(10^2 \times 3)^{\frac{1}{4}} = 300^{\frac{1}{4}}
$$
This method will work for $x^ay^b$ when $a$ and $b$ are rational - just write the exponents using their least common denominator.
(I started this answer several hours ago before I saw @AndreNicolas comment.)
Answer: The trick is to realize that $\sqrt{10}$ can be rewritten as $\sqrt[4]{100}$.  There are at least two ways to make this connection:

You could recognize that $10 = \sqrt{100}$, so $\sqrt{10}=\sqrt{\sqrt{100}}$.
You could write $\sqrt{10}$ as $10^{1/2}$, and then rewrite $1/2$ as $2/4$, so we have $10^{2/4} = (10^2)^{1/4}$.


What do you call auto parts that are meant to fit specific vehicles and those that aren't?

Question: Some auto parts are tailor fit for one or more vehicles while others aren't. Is there a universally understood name for those two types of parts?
Comment: Is that the case? The reason why I posted it here is I want to hear how vehicle enthusiasts call them, even if it's slang
Comment: It was just a suggestion, as the english stackexchange is very good at exactly this type of question.
Comment: This should not have been migrated. I would expect an auto mechanic to be more knowlegeable about auto parts terminology than a bunch of English majors.
Answer: Most parts have applications to several vehicles because the manufacturer

Used the same part for several years of the same vehicle
Used the same engine/component in multiple models
Borrowed technology or used the same supplier as another manufacturer

There are many cases where a part was only used on one make/model/year of a vehicle and the manufacturer used something else the next year.
Aftermarket suppliers often find where two "OE" (Original Equipment) parts are identical or close enough to identical to combine the applications and offer a single part.
Last, there are cases like exhaust where a Direct Fit muffler that matches a specific vehicle is offered whereas a generic muffler that fits a large number of vehicles will also work but might need some custom welding or pipes upon installation.
Comment: Cool! How do you think should non-Direct Fit parts be called, though?
Comment: There is not a specific name.  It is just a part.  In some case you might refer to it as a generic part, but that is normally only when there is also a direct fit component.
Answer: I typically think of parts that are not meant for a specific model or models of vehicles to be "universal" or "universal fit" parts.  I can't say where exactly I picked that up though...


which programming language is the best for image processing?

Question: I used matlab for my projects but wondering is there any framework similar but easier than matlab.
Comment: there's no obviously "best" language for anything – you're just asking for opinions, and that works well on a discussion board, but not on a Q&A site like this. For that very reason, opinion-asking questions are [explicitly off-topic](https://dsp.stackexchange.com/help/dont-ask) here.
Comment: I'm not sure what you mean "easier than matlab". Most real programming languages are lower level than Matlab, and in that sense probably more difficult.
Answer: Most image processing code in image signal processors
(ISP) in the industry are written in C++ and assembly, which I would say have more syntax and language gibberish than MATLAB.
So if you are considering to write code for educational purposes than MATLAB and python have good libraries and easier to code.
Else if you are writing code to be run on real HW, C++ and assembly mostly.
Open CV is a good cross platform library with C++ and other languages supported as well
Answer: This question is equivalent to "what is the best car to drive?" without consideration of where you are or what your life is like.  Your "best car" may be a stretch limo, or it may be an itty bitty smart car, or even a good pair of walking shoes.
Ditto programming languages -- I'd say Python is best for learning and research in isolation, Matlab* is better if your community uses it more, and C++ with decent libraries is probably the best at the moment for fielding real solutions (and possibly even in research, because the solutions run much faster).
Tomorrow, if Rust takes off, it may be better than C++ -- but only if the image processing libraries keep up, and only if it's inherent safety doesn't slow things down too much.
* But really, Matlab should just die.  Python + numpy + various image processing libraries allows well-structured code that can actually be sensibly worked on; Matlab (and Octave, and Scilab) is basically interpreted FORTRAN with various warts glued on.


Windows XP won't load after installing ubuntu 12.04

Question: I am a newbie and just installed Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. Instead of using the automatic dual boot option, I installed it manually on the partition made for it, but now only Ubuntu loads up with no option to boot Windows XP. Pressing F8 doesn't help either.
Answer: You had to use Ubuntu install procedure to install Ubuntu alongside the windows. Now, most probably your Ubuntu overwrited the boot and your Winodws are out of booting procedure. I would recommend you to fix the boot record from the Windows CD and install Ubuntu alongside Windows.
There are ways how to edit grub settings (do you have grub?/dualboot?), but if you are
a newbie, could be a hard job for you.
...And you can try this: (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair)
Answer: for first you forget microsoft os but if you need to install it you install virtual box into your computer on ubuntu os and after that


What's the meaning of 'sick to death'?

Question: Can someone make me understand the meaning of this sentence:

"I'm sick to death of all of you!"

What is the speaker trying to express? What does the phrase sick to death mean?
Answer: I agree with the other answers. I'll just add that "sick to death" is an example of hyperbole. The phrase originally referred to having a fatal illness. A person who was sick to death was literally on the verge of dying. Nowadays we use the phrase only as a much-exaggerated metaphor. "I'm so tired/annoyed with these people that I could die".
Answer: There is a primary meaning of the word as an adjective, which is ill. Collateral meanings of the word include unpleasant, which is used in your question. It's rather informal.

I'm sick at (= unhappy about) not getting that job.

It makes me sick (= makes me very angry) to see people wearing fur coats.

I'm sick and tired of (= very annoyed about) the way you're behaving.

I'm sick to death of (= very annoyed about) the way you're behaving.

She was worried sick (= very worried) when her daughter didn't come home on time.

I felt sick (= felt shocked and disgusted) when I heard about the prisoners being beaten.

It makes me (feel) sick to my stomach when I remember my car accident.

You can come across other verbs followed by to death, for which this phrase would similarly stress the action, state, or feeling mentioned.

He scares teams to death with his pace and power.

Years ago I would have worried myself to death about it, but now I accept it.

I went out last night, but not for very long. I was bored to death.
Answer: Sick to death is an English idiom that means that you are very bored/annoyed.
In this sentence it means : I am very annoyed with all of you

Sick to death of (Referred to someone or something):
Exceedingly wearied by, bored of, or exasperated with someone or something.
Comment: You get annoyed _about_ a thing and annoyed _with_ a person. Bored with/by a person.
Comment: The first line of your answer is inaccurate because, as the dictionary says, the expression includes 'of'. We don't say 'bored/annoyed about all of you'. We say 'help you *understand*', not *understanding*. We don't say 'here a ' but 'here's a'. 'Useful' has one l.
Comment: sick to death of something means, basically, to be fed up with it.
Answer: I don't know how much grammar you want to know, but "to death" in this context is an intensifier, a word or phrase just serves only to add intensity to the sentiment expressed. "Sick of", as explained in other answers, is an idiom referring to one being displeased and fatigued by a problem -- which may be a person or other overall entity, not just a task. The intensifier, whatever it is, properly goes between the "sick" and the "of"; it may not be standard English, but it's a well-understood part of the language, a form of infixation on a phrase level instead of a word level.
You could change the words around a bit without changing the meaning, too: By changing "to death" to "deathly", an adverb,¹ you can place it before "sick of", instead of inside. It's still a hyperbolic intensifier, although it could be understood literally as well, since it's more proper English.
¹: Much like anything can be verbed, anything can be adverbed.
Answer: Very good answers. You often hear other phrases with a similar meaning (of weariness, irritation, in some contexts even disgust and resent because of someone or something). I will mention only a couple, in case they will help you orient your understanding even better. To be sick to death of something is a very strong form of saying

I am so fed up with all of you!

I have had enough of you all! (This one is milder and less colloquial)
Answer: 'Sick to death' means that someone is ill to the point of dying, i.e. so sick that it may result in death. In an expression like "I'm sick to death of all of you!" the speaker is dramatically exaggerating the feelings her or she experiences in present company.

What's the meaning of 'sick to death'?


Why did the U.S. bail out the banks instead of the people owing the mortgage payments to the banks?

Question: Why did the U.S. bail out the banks instead of the people owing the mortgage payments to the banks? Is it because it would have cost more money to bail out the people, or is it for some other political reasons? What are all of the reasons that made the government bail out the banks during the 2008 crisis.
Comment: I think the question is based on a misconception, since the US government DID bail out at least some of the people with mortgages.  For instance HAMP (Home Affordable Modification Program) for people paying more than 31% of their gross income in mortgage payments: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/home-affordable-modification-program.asp
Comment: What's the difference?
Comment: As a home-owner in my 22nd year of ownership, I'd have done absolutely bonkers if the government had bailed out any other home-owners....
Answer: (TLDR: because the Fed's intervention wasn't about fixing up the problems for who owes on the mortgage payments, but rather about avoiding a larger-scale systemic collapse of the banking system).
The intent was to avoid bank runs which is what happens when people largely lose confidence in a bank and many try to withdraw money at the same time.
Thing is, a bank does not take your deposits and lock it in a vault, which would just incur costs but yield not profit.  Instead they turn around and loan it out to other people, with contractually agreed-upon loan periods that easily run in years.  This is good for the bank and the economy, but it also means that there isn't enough money at hand to give everyone their deposit back at the same time.
Let's say a bank has $100 in deposits, it may only have $5 or so in liquid (easily-cashed in) assets (aka reserves) it can return deposits with.  If that bank has lost $10 already (on its long term loans) and people are worried about it then it is easy for folk to overwhelm the $5 reserve and the bank going insolvent.  (These are made-up numbers, but they express the general idea).
At which point a good proportion of $85 more of value can evaporate from everyone's pockets even though the original loss was quite limited at $10.
As per the wiki article on bank runs:

Banking panics began in the Upper-South in November 1930, one year after the stock market crash, triggered by the collapse of a string of banks in Tennessee and Kentucky, which brought down their correspondent networks. In December, New York City experienced massive bank runs that were contained to the many branches of a single bank. Philadelphia was hit a week later by bank runs that affected several banks, but were successfully contained by quick action by the leading city banks and the Federal Reserve Bank.[10] Withdrawals became worse after financial conglomerates in New York and Los Angeles failed in prominently-covered scandals.[11] Much of the US Depression's economic damage was caused directly by bank runs,3 though Canada had no bank runs during this same era due to different banking regulations.[

So there is a good reason to keep the bank afloat and it is cheaper to bolster up the bank around that lost $10 than to reimburse its creditors to the tune of $85.
Note that this is related to the FDIC, also in place to keep people from panic withdrawal for the same reason.
Also banks that are desperately hoarding cash to avoid insolvency are unable to loan money to new and healthier businesses and this can starve the wider economy of money, further inflicting pain.
However, what did not need to happen was bailed out banks giving their execs bonuses.  That is a testament to the greediness of many actors in that sector and is a clear case of moral hazard.  One could argue that many of the higher ups in those banks, those who approved a strategy based on risky loans, could usefully have been replaced with more competent personnel and employed more gainfully flipping burgers.
Comment: Your third paragraph reminds me of Jimmy Stewart's speech in "It's a Wonderful Life".
Comment: I find myself disagreeing strongly with your final paragraph. I don't want, or need, some older codger of a CEO flipping MY burgers...
Comment: Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation about how politics could have handled the debt crisis in a better way has been [moved to chat](https://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/120514/discussion-on-answer-by-italian-philosophers-4-monica-why-did-the-u-s-bail-out).
Comment: My understanding is that what you're talking about applies to commercial banking, and the banks that were bailed out were investment banks.
Answer: Because if the banks collapsed, then thousands of other viable businesses would have gone down with them
One of the key functions of a bank is to lend money to businesses to allow them to invest in things like equipment, training, staff, materials, and so on.
As an example, imagine a company that produces textbooks, and they have an order from a school for a thousand books, paid on delivery.  The company still needs to buy the materials needed to produce the textbooks, and that money will usually come as a loan from their bank.  If there is no bank to lend them money, then they cannot purchase the materials to make the textbooks, which means they can't deliver the textbooks to the school, which means they won't get paid by the school, which means they have to lay off all of their staff.
Now, on the subject of a "bail out": it's not like the government just gave the banks money with no strings attached.  Rather, the government either loaned the money to some banks (which was repaid with interest), or they bought significant ownership stakes in others (on which they made a profit when those stakes were later sold).
Comment: @JoeW the banks who suffered were not necessarily the banks who made the mortgage loans (they were packaged up and resold in groups, often hiding the bad loans behind a few good ones). Also the situation wasnt as simple as the "banks bad, customers innocent, nuff said" as popular belief has it - there were changes in regulatory requirements which forced banks to give out more subprime mortgages, and there were bad third party mortgage advisers who lied on applications, and yes there were bad customers who lied in order to get on the flipping market.  The banks deserve some blame still.
Comment: Excellent answer, but I _think_ the point they're trying to make is, if the banks were at risk of going under because people defaulted on their mortgages, why not save the banks by giving  the people money so they can pay their mortgages, rather than helping the banks directly.
Comment: Isn't it on the banks for giving out the loans in the first place? The problem with bailing out the banks instead of the people with the loans is the banks will still make money from them loans so they will come out ahead in the end and people still don't have money to spend. If the bail out the loan holders they can start pumping more money back into the economy which will help everyone in the long run. In the end if you call getting a loan a bad decision it is a bad decision for giving the loan as well.
Comment: Getting a loan is not a bad decision.  Getting a loan that you know you cannot afford to pay back is a bad decision.  And there was a lot of that in the years leading up to 2008.  But if, as you said, "the banks will still make money from them loans", then there would have been no need for government intervention in the first place.
Comment: Because that would just encourage more of the bad behaviour that led to that mess in the first place.  The approach that the government took came with a lot of pain for the banks who received the "bail outs", so they're not encouraged to do it again.
Comment: If the interest is negative [in real terms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_interest_rate) (basically lower than inflation), "repaid with interest" is somewhat misleading. Government's own borrowing is sometimes like that, see e.g. https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/52946/how-did-the-us-bring-down-federal-debt-ratio-after-world-war-ii
Comment: @Fizz I'm pretty sure real-terms interest was above zero.
Comment: Giving a loan that you know can't be paid back is also a bad decision. The problem is the blame lays on both sides as the banks need to make sure that they can collect on the loans they give out. When we tend to have these situations it appears to be because many bad loans were given out instead of being more careful with doing that.
Comment: And I'm pretty sure the government [did more](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_easing) that what you've described here in the 2008 crisis.
Comment: @Joe W, The banks knew full and well that those people who they gave mortgage loans to could not afford them. So what do they do? Lower the down payment percent which as we all know contributed to the housing bubble in early 2009 and now unfortunately the same is happening with car loans. The banks are the gate keepers at the end of the day.
Comment: @Noah That was my point, the banks giving out loans that they should not have given.
Comment: Folks, comments are not for discussions or debates.
Answer: "Bailing out" sounds like the US Government simply gave free money to the banks (or more broadly financial institutions including Fannie and Freddie).
In fact, "bailing out" largely meant the USG either lent to banks or bought toxic assets (that at the time no one else wanted to buy). (These toxic assets indirectly included mortgages, usually in the form of mortgage-backed securities.)
When all was said and done, the USG actually profited from all of this "bailing out". (ProPublica, estimates that as of 2022, the USG made a $109B profit.)

When you say "bail out ... the people owing the mortgage payments to the banks", you seem to be thinking of simply canceling these loans.
This could have been done, but only at huge cost, which is why it wasn't done.
Moreover, such a form of "bailing out" of housing borrowers would've been nothing like the "bailing out" of the banks that actually occurred.
Answer: Because it is not only easier to just bail out the banks they have more influence and are able to dictate what happens with less problems.
The problem with trying to bail out the loan holders is how do you go about doing it? Do you send money to them and have them pay off the loans? Do you send money to the banks and have them pay off the loans? If you send money to the banks how is it decided which loans are paid off and which are not?
While it would seem to be more fair to bail out the loan holders instead of the banks the problem is how do you go about it in a fair manner that isn't going to cost a lot of money and time to enact?
In the end it happens this way because of the overhead of trying to bail out many individuals instead of a single organization.
Comment: There's also the fact that many people (I'm one of them) simply didn't need any sort of bailout.  If you'd bought a house that you could reasonably afford (instead of the maximum you could convince a bank to lend), and had no intention of selling during the downturn, then the so-called mortgage crisis didn't affect you.  So by bailing out those individuals who got themselves in trouble, you'd be rewarding bad judgement.
Comment: @jamesqf Bad judgement goes both ways though. The banks are also responsible to make sure that the loans they give out can be paid back.
Comment: That's true, but (at least as I understand it) bailing out the banks meant giving them loans which would eventually need to be paid back, which isn't much of a reward.  I don't know exactly what bailing out individuals would entail - perhaps paying off some fraction of the mortgage? - but it would seem to be more of a reward, especially if the bailout only went to those who were underwater or delinquent on their mortgages.
Comment: @jamesqf But the problem is how do they pay it back? In the end the problem comes from loans that can't be paid back and the real question is how many of those loans could never be paid back from the start.
Comment: Do you mean the bailout loans to the banks, or the original mortgages?  In the first case, the banks have some years of losses from foreclosures on mortgages, but eventually become profitable again, and repay the bailout loans.  (Which is what I think has happened.)  If the mortgages, the people who took out mortgages they couldn't repay get foreclosed on, and perhaps declare bankruptcy.  Those who did repay their mortgages benefit from a rising real estate market.  (And there were "bailouts" such as HAMP that tried to refinance mortgages to be more affordable.)


What is the physical significance of electric flux?

Question: We know that the number of electric field lines crossing a unit area placed normal to the field at a point is a measure of strength of electric field $\mathbf{E}$ at this point.  Therefore, the no. of electric field lines crossing this area element $dS$ is directly proportional to $\mathbf{E}\cdot dS$ .
Comment: Possible duplicate of [Electric Flux - What is the point?](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/165936/)
Answer: The electric flux, d$\Phi$ through an area d$S$ is defined by$$d \Phi=\vec{E}.\text{d} \vec{S}.$$This is the same equation that gives the volume of a fluid flowing per second through an area $\text{d}\vec{S}$ if the fluid's velocity at that point is $\vec{E}$. That's how we get the name "flux". "Flux" is an old word for flow. Electric field lines (lines drawn so that their direction at any point along them is the direction of E at that point) are therefore exactly analogous to streamlines. But it is only an analogy. It might help you to get a feel for electric flux, but it shouldn't be taken to imply that anything is actually flowing!
Quite independently of the fluid analogy, if several electric field lines are drawn, starting, say, near a positive charge, then if we consider localities through which the lines pass, the number of these lines per unit area crossing an area normal to them will represent the relative strength of the field, so we can get an idea of both the magnitude and direction of the field in a whole region, from the pattern of field lines. Note that for an electric field due to charges that are stationary in our frame of reference, the lines start on positive charges and end on negative charges.
That's enough about field lines. They are an aid to visualisation.
Electric flux is important because it features in two of Maxwell's equations, when integrated. Here's the first of the two$$\int_{S} \vec{E}.\text{d} \vec{S}=\frac{1}{\epsilon_0} \int_{V} \rho \text{d} V$$
$\rho$ is the charge density at points inside a volume $V$ enclosed by a surface $S$. So the equation says that the total flux leaving a surface enclosing a volume is equal to $\frac{1}{\epsilon_0}$ times the net charge in that volume. This is Gauss's Law for electric fields. Putting it another way, the significance of the flux coming out of a closed surface is that it tells you the net charge inside that surface! Gauss's law is more general than Coulomb's law because it holds even if the charges are moving. A simple use of Gauss's Law is to calculate capacitance when there is a high degree of symmetry.
The second is$$\int_{C} \vec{B}.\text{d}\vec{\ell}=\int_S \left(\mu_{0} \vec{J}+\epsilon_{0} \mu_{0} \frac {\partial \vec{E}}{\partial t}\right) .\text{d}\vec{S}.$$ This gives the line integral of the magnetic field around the perimeter of an area S through which there is a current $\int_S \vec{J} .\text{d}\vec{S}.$ and an electric flux varying at a rate $\frac {\partial}{\partial t}\int_{S} \vec{E}.\text{d}\vec{S}.$ The varying flux term comes into its own when studying electromagnetic waves.
Comment: I couldn't find the physical significance of electric flux. ....
Comment: You have the definition (which you knew anyway) and two equations which involve electric flux. These equations give you its physical significance; its involvement in these equations is why it's significant! I also hinted at why the equations themselves were useful. And I tried to give you a feel for the idea of electric flux, using an analogy. What more would you like?
Comment: I've now included another sentence in my answer, that may or may not help you in your quest.


Warren Buffett's partnership dividends

Question: In Warren Buffett's early partnerships, what was the treatment of dividends from the stocks owned?  Were they counted as part of the profits, or were they paid out directly to the partners?  I tried searching for this, but it doesn't seem to be a well known detail.
Answer: A hedge fund will customarily keep individual company dividends for itself, and account for them as a increase in the value of the shares. It may elect to make a "fund" dividend to its partners out of the individual company dividends, but Mr. Buffett is not noted for paying dividends. Even years later, when his hedge fund had morphed into a corporation called Berkshire Hathaway, it pays no dividends to this day.

Warren Buffett's partnership dividends


Should I replace a punctured tire immediately?

Question: Was going on my morning ride and unfortunately 5km away from my place my rear was punctured by a small nail and the hole is about 1mm wide. I patched up the innertube and mounted it on again and rode home, not sure if I should buy a new tire or I can cover it up with smth in the inside if it's still fine to use.
Answer: It really depends on the size of the hole and how much puncture risk you are willing to take.
As long as there is no bulging around the hole and the tyre is keeping its shape it should generally be safe to use i.e. you don't risk a sudden, catastrophic rupture of the whole tyre.
You can put something on the hole from the inside. There are special tyre boots but you can also use an inner tube patch. Even multiple layers of duct tape should help.
Comment: It's all an ongoing experiment for us all... Try leaving it, try some tape, try a  boot. From my experience, it sounds like you'll be fine without anything, tape won't hurt, boot may result in a slight increase of  rolling resistance ¯\\_(ツ)_/¯
Comment: Thanks for answering! There's no bulge and it isn't deformed as far as I can observe but I'm gonna check it every once in a while just to be sure. Gonna use the duct tape because I know that won't be going anywhere.
Comment: Tyre boots and imitators such as duct tape are only for temporary use, and are needed only when there is bulging.
Comment: @juhist: They should also work fine to plug a hole to prevent pieces of sharp gravel puncturing your inner tube. I've tried filling holes with glue in the past, but it doesn't hold up.


Buying OTM puts and then selling stock

Question: What is to stop someone from first buying a bunch of OTM puts and then selling short enough stock to make the puts go up high enough to make a profit? Or conversely, buying OTM calls and then buying a bunch of stock?
Comment: How does that someone plans to get rid of the stock position afterwards? Most likely, this will result in a larger loss than the option profit.
Comment: I think it's an interesting question because it introduces volume into the equation, something that you typically don't find in option pricing models. To have no arbitrage, there should be no profit. If buying 100 shares causes the price to rise from  x to x+a  you have a profit of 100*(a/2) by taking the midpoint. If you bought a call option before doing this you would also have a profit on the call,too. But to sell the 100 shares, the price would fall back to x , resulting in a loss of 100(a/2). Under no arbitrage, the profit from the call should cancel out this loss.
Comment: Is the idea to exit the short stock position that one built up via puts? That would not work as exercising long puts would put _more short stock_ into the manipulator's account
Comment: Your strategy is essentially asking whether shorting the stock has enough market impact to cover the put premium. This is interesting from empirical perspective, on the other hand I would expect that these kinds of strategies are already priced in by the market, so the paid option premium prevents the profitability of such kind of strategies.
Answer: The quick answer is: There's no such thing as a free lunch, the no-arbitrage principle.
The longer answer:
To push the price down, you must short a massive amount of shares relative to float (tradeable shares). Don't forget that to have a short position, you must actually sell the shares. If you short large volume, then the market price will go down, but so will YOUR selling price.
This means your average selling price relative to normal volume trading is low. Remember that profit on a short position is: sell price - buy price. You must buy back the shares to make a profit. Since the price is artificially low, it is likely to rebound as others (most likely algorithms) will spot the sudden price lowering for no reason and buy the shares at bargain prices. The price will quickly rebound. Even if you were quick on your toes and sold the put options at a profit, you must still buy back the shares at higher prices than you sold at.
This strategy will result in huge losses. If it were to be a profitable strategy, it would not be because the market would spot the mispricing and correct for it. Otherwise, arbitrage would be possible.
Flash Crash
Note selling huge quantities of shares is not illegal in itself. But fake trades and false information to manipulate prices is.
You may be interested in looking up the Flash Crash of 2010. The accused trader made profit by manipulating prices, close to what you were asking. The difference is he put in massive fake trades in order to drive down prices. The trades were "fake" as they were never executed. He would put in massive quantities of sell orders on futures, but above current market prices, giving the allusion people were dumping shares. This drove the price down.
This is a much better strategy than shorting shares as you propose. The only problem is you won't get to enjoy your millions from a jail cell ;)
Comment: Why are you so certain the strategy would result in "huge losses"? Actually options are very cheap and have a leverage, so you may actually still make a profit because the loss from shortselling stock is outweighed by the leveraged option position.
Answer: Is the stock so easy to manipulate? How much does she need to spend to drive the price against her, far enough to pass the strike and make a profit? For a stock that is that thinly traded to be manipulated, is there sufficient liquidity in the options market? What about the hedging positions of the guys that sold options to her?
It is also most probably illegal.
Comment: Your post is not an answer rather a question and comment.

Buying OTM puts and then selling stock


Is there a principle that makes it easier to understand how to form phrasal verbs?

Question: I have seen a lot of websites and some books that explain what phrasal verbs are and then give mostly examples. But is there a general way to learn how to form a phrasal verb and especially to get the real meaning of the phrasal verb after adding, up / with… etc?
Comment: I think it's a misconception that one can "form" a phrasal verb.  Those have been formed for you by the centuries of language development, and you just need to learn to use them.  For instance, there is "hang out", "hang on", "hang about", but there isn't "hang to".
Comment: So there's no rule but just a list of phrasal verbs to study and learn?
Comment: A lot of phrasal verbs are idiomatic...
Comment: Is there a full list?
Comment: @Lukkio, I strongly doubt it, unless somebody created one as part of their research for a thesis or something.
Answer: You won't find an easy way. You'll have to learn them as a part of a phrase, or as vocabulary, mostly.
However, here's a list of the most used particles to construct phrasal verbs.

back = repeating or looking into the past.

Could you play back the telephone message, please?
  The tennis club dates back to the 19th century.

down = record in writing or reducing.

Could you write these dates down?
  House prices have finally gone down.

off = departing or ending.

He quickly said goodbye and then ran off to catch the bus.
   The two countries have cut off diplomatic relations with each other.

on = continuing or attacking.

She spent the whole time going on about her new partner.
   Those bullies are always picking on Dave.

out = disappearing or solving, searching.

The forest fire finally died out after two days.
   Can you work out the answer to this math question?

over = visiting or considering, examining.

We popped over to my mum's but she was out.
   Let's go over the report before the meeting.

up = approach or improve.

He always creeps up on me. He just appears without making a noise.
  I want to brush up on my computer skills this year.
Answer: I am discovering that deeper, more profound answers require one to appeal to Linguistics. So search for or Google "semantics of phrasal verbs", to read some of the linguistics research papers, but which may presuppose knowledge of the branch of Linguistics called 'Semantics'; so maybe you can read an Introduction or two to Semantics first?
I was reading this which linked to the Wikipedia page for Dwight Le Merton Bolinger that introduces a book written by him that may aid you (but that I have not read; so do report back if it is bad):

His 1971 book The Phrasal Verb in English, heretofore a subject of concern primarily to teachers of English as a foreign language, brought the need for a scientific treatment of phrasal verbs to the attention of many linguists.


Negligible dam capacity to exclude from a runoff module

Question: I am running the WRSM-Pitman model for the upper reaches of a quaternary catchment (which is smaller than its intended use for full quaternary catchments or larger areas). The total catchment area is 49.2 km2 and the distributed farm dams cover a total area of 0.0754 km2. Are there any guidelines for dam capacities or areas below which their influence is negligible in the model and the dam can be excluded from the runoff module area (i.e. catchment area)?
Answer: Generally, the area for dams, lakes and wetlands can be excluded from your runoff modules, especially if they exceed about 10% of the catchment.
Less than that the effect will be small and the respective components can be included or excluded in the catchment area.


How do I solve the Puzzle?

Question: When you hit Escape during the game, one of the options that can be selected is "Puzzle". It looks like a series of boxes, and presumably since it's named "Puzzle" it can be solved in some manner. How do I do that?
Answer: There are little glowing collectables in the game (picked up with right mouse click).
(I found them while using the Rasmus mask [2nd from top]; I don't know if you have to have it on to see them.) There is one in Chapter 6, second floor, on the balcony just after you climb out the window. It is under the second tree, but should be clearly visible. It will be a letter.
Each of these letters will slot into the puzzle accessed by pressing Escape in game.
Comment: I think the Rasmus mask might just make them move up and down slightly, making them "easier" to spot
Answer: You must collect every little purple block (as Berg mentioned in their answer) in chapters 1 - 16. I detailed where every piece is in this answer. When you collect them all, you must align them in the "Puzzle". When a piece is in the correct space, it will start glowing. The final result is:

IWASBORNINTHEUSA
This will end up unlocking different dialog (a secret ending) at the end of Chapter 19, if you examine the computer before taking the ladder down.

How do I solve the Puzzle?