How do we determine whether an awakened creature/plant will stay after 30 days?

Question: After 30 days, the charm affect ends in an awakened creature or plant; it says, they will determine based on how you treated them if they like you or will stick around. Should that be a roll, or should it be purely based on how they were treated? For example, an abused homeless animal was awakened, treated with respect. fed well and given power to protect itself/get revenge if it desires, no expectations, just support, would it roll to determine, or be automatically cool with you?
Comment: Are you the DM or the player?
Comment: I am the player, however I do dm and when i DM for this guy, a good friend, he tends to argue rules as written constantly. I awakened three animals, one dog who had been abused and lost an eye and wanted revenge, one cat who had old arrows sticking out of its body from an old wound, and a song bird who I as the bard would play music with. I made sure they all ate great food, had a place to stay and paid for training if they desired it. I was told that the dog no longer trusted me due to him rolling a natural one. It does not say make a roll, and since he aruges RAW constantly,
Comment: I was trying to see if i could argue against him due to the fact that the animals are supported and given what they want, on top of being shown lots of respect and no judgement to their goals.
Comment: I was semi ok with the roll until he told me that the bird who was the one who spent the most time with my character was going to make a roll. At that point I felt like it was a bad call, which we all occasionally make as a dm, but to have an awakened animal who was given exactly what it wanted to make a roll felt like it went against what the spell said which was it makes its decision, not chance does.
Answer: The DM decides.
The spell description for awaken reads:

the awakened creature chooses whether to remain friendly to you, based on how you treated it while it was charmed.

No other guidance is given. Since the DM is the controller of all NPCs, which the creature is, the DM makes this decision based on how that creature would respond to how it was treated while charmed. If the DM decides to use some sort of roll for this, that is their prerogative. The few times I have had players use the spell while I was the DM, it was always abundantly clear what sort of choice the awakened creature was going to make when the time came, so I don't imagine assigning some random chance to it will make sense in most situations, unless you really are just unsure what to decide as the DM.
Comment: Another way to look at it, if the PCs did that for a random creature they met, how would the creature react?  It becomes a plot element; what makes the plot make sense and be fun.  Also, note that most beings aren't adventure-junkies, and what the PCs do is usually objectively suicidal.
Comment: Yes. What Yakk said. Flesh out the awakened as its own character (storywise). Give it a personality and the answer will be trivial, hopefully.
Comment: Also, if those animals were abused before - they could have simply developed mistrust towards humans. Some people, who had suffered from violence tend to have bad reactions at anyone resembling whoever assaulted them and having similar race/hair colour/facial features, etc.
Answer: Based on your comments and the wording of the spell, it sounds to me like this is an XY problem. You ask about X (Awaken), because that is where the disagreement arose, but the real problem is Y (your DM is choosing to run NPCs and/or the whole campaign in a way that you disagree with). Unfortunately, it wouldn't really be practical to write a rule that essentially says "DMs have to be good at their job," so there will always be an element of subjectivity around how a DM "should" make this sort of decision. The rules intentionally hand a lot of control over to the DM, in order to empower the DM to confront you with interesting and varied campaigns and scenarios.
As for what you should do: I would advise you to talk to your DM, preferably in private. Do not focus on the rules, because the rules explicitly allow the DM to do whatever they want. Instead, focus on how the DM's style of campaign is making you feel. Use "I" statements - don't make it sound like you're assigning blame (e.g. "When you decided to call for a roll for the songbird, I felt like I was just playing a dice game, and not like I was playing a character in a story. It took me out of the fiction."). It is probably also a good idea to ask your DM what the roll was intended to represent, and why your DM chose to call for a roll. You can (if necessary) cite the rules for the proposition that it's up to the DM, but try to avoid making it sound like you're second-guessing your DM's choice. Instead, focus on the DM's reasoning. It's possible that your DM had a different interpretation of the interaction than you did.
Some DMs are more mechanically-oriented, and some are more story-oriented. Your DM may or may not be sympathetic to your concerns. There are a wide range of possible outcomes to this conversation, from your DM absolutely refusing to have the conversation in the first place, all the way to your DM retconning the entire session. The important point is that your goal is not to "win the argument." Your goal is to figure out whether you and the DM have any common ground in what a D&D campaign should look like and how it should be run. If it turns out that your DM is unwilling to accommodate you, then you have a few choices:

Get used to playing D&D as a dice game, and not as a story game. Stop investing time and effort into roleplaying your character, and just go with the flow. If you have the time and inclination, consider joining a different campaign and roleplaying there instead.
Discuss with other players, and see how they feel. If they agree with you, then you have a stronger case to go back to the DM. Bear in mind, even if everyone disagrees with the DM's way of doing things, the DM is not obligated to change things. They might just decide to stop running the campaign instead.
Leave the campaign.
Comment: Also, maybe, discuss with GM - how 'awaken' actually works in his game from mechanical perspective to understand chance of awakening someone and them staying with you. Maybe ask whether, despite of GM doing some bad rolls for those awakened - he considers it possible to build some relations with them. Maybe ask - what is the reason for them rolling? (I know at least one GM, who'd answer 'because they were charmed for a month, i.e. forced to be your friend, despite of their own desires and now you want them to be chill with it')
Comment: @Sarge: Good point. Edited.


Why did I get a notification on my phone that says "Your Apple ID is now being used for iMessage on a new iPod Touch"?

Question: I was very confused when I saw this notification. I've been asking my mom to get me an Apple Watch and I'm not sure if she is trying to surprise me.
Answer: If your mom got an iPod and knows your Apple ID, that might explain it. Does she know your Apple ID?
This can also happen with existing devices already on your account if it needs to re-sign-in to iMessage.
Go to Settings > iCloud > tap your account name/photo on top and sign in > Devices. That will show you all of your devices. Tap the new iPod and answer your account security questions to see details about it and locate it on a map ("Show in Find My iPhone...") provided that it is powered on and set up for Find My iPhone.
Or you can open the Find iPhone app on your phone if you don't remember your security questions and want to locate it. If you see it's on and in your house, you can make it ring to locate it, but that will get rid of the surprise I guess. Or if it looks like someone else somewhere else is using the device with your Apple ID, you can wipe the device and remove it from your account.


"/usr/bin/env: 'node': No such file or directory" on terminal startup

Question: I just updated to 20.04 and every time I open a terminal /usr/bin/env: 'node': No such file or directory shows at the very top. I have searched for answers but in the questions I found, npm did not work. It works for me though. I have no clue where to look or what to do.
Answer: If you used NVM for your node and npm, this may help:
nodepath=$(which node); sudo ln -s $nodepath /usr/bin/node

NVM installs it somewhere out of the norm, so creating this link solved my issue.
You can run the command which node in your terminal to see where NVM installed it if you're curious.
Comment: From nvm maintainer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/47734737/470749
Comment: When I get `failed to create symbolic link '/usr/bin/node': File exists`.
Node is in `/home/.nvm/versions/node/v15.0.1/bin/node`. I don't know if that says anything.
Comment: That's fine. Mine is: `/home/william/.nvm/versions/node/v14.15.0/bin/node` Did you try running that command?
Comment: Ok, I made it work, but I am not sure why. I removed my node version and installed the LTS instead and then I overwrote using the flag -f (thanks to [Alexander Glulkhovtsev](https://askubuntu.com/a/732692/991495)

"/usr/bin/env: ‘node’: No such file or directory" on terminal startup


How to process voice commands using ATmega or Arduino?

Question: For a project I need to start my PC using voice command. I thought to made up an voice controlled system to turn on my PC. As far as I know, when I press the turn on button-2 pin's on the motherboard get short and PC starts. I think a relay circuit may solve it, but how can I process the voice command?
Comment: Would you be looking at *any voice*, or specific command words, or full language parsing? Also, have you searched for voice recognition modules (shields) for your platform of choice?
Comment: There are some shields out there that do VR, including [multilanguage VR](http://www.tigal.com/product/2333): Are you looking for something like that, or to roll your own?
Comment: for example,when i just say "on" that it will start working.i just need this one command.
Comment: Yes, then EasyVR will do your job, in several languages. Would you like me to make this into an answer?
Comment: @user20501 - the problem is not so much detecting "on" but distinguishing it from other words/sounds which you do not intended to have that affect, especially when "on" could be spoken by people with different voices/accents, under different conditions.
Answer: Cornell University Final Projects:

Voice Recognition Robotic Car
Voice Activated Alarm Clock
Speech Recognition Jukebox
Checkmate
Voice Recognition Security System
Smart Home System
Smart Voice Decoder System for Vowels
Answer: An Arduino approach (because the question mentions Arduino) for achieving the result desired, i.e. an action triggered from a specific voice command:

Buy the EasyVR voice recognition shield for the Arduino, install the example sketch, and modify it to turn one of the unused (by the shield) GPIO pins high when the "on" voice command is received.

From prior voice control experience, it would be recommended to use a longer command word or phrase rather than a single syllable, else false positives will be too high.
EasyVR needs to be trained to an individual's voice, and if that individual some day has a cold or laryngitis, results may be interesting.

Wire up the GPIO pin being controlled in the first point, to either a transistor, a MOSFET, or some other switching device that can be operated by low current, ideally under 30 mA.

With a suitable choice of MOSFET, a relay may not be needed at all, to connect / disconnect the "power-on" line on the PC.
Relays that will operate directly off a microcontroller GPIO are expensive (certain Solid State Relays) or not common.

Ensure that the Arduino shares a common ground with the PC, or, if that is not an option, an optoisolator stage may be needed between the device and the PC, to avoid letting out the magic blue smoke due to mismatched grounds.


What is the problem of singular (non-invertible) covariance-variance matrix?

Question: What exactly is the problem of having non-invertible covariance matrix? Why is getting the inverse of this matrix so important? This problem is often encountered when doing regressiong works on samples, but even under context of sampling, I do not see how this becomes the problem..
Comment: Please explain the context of your question. If you were doing a regression analysis, for instance, then it would be immediately obvious why the inverse is important: [it is a crucial, unavoidable part of the solution.](http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/107597) In other contexts it might or might not be interesting or important to invert the covariance matrix. Your application of the [tag:multivariate-analysis] tag also suggests you are interested in a covariance matrix of multiple *dependent* response variables, but this focus is not evident in the post itself.
Answer: In short, if $\Sigma$, the covariance matrix in a multivariate normal distribution, is not invertible, then the density is not defined, as the multivariate normal density is
$(2\pi)^{-k/2} |\Sigma| ^{-1/2} e^{(x - \mu)^T \Sigma^{-1}(x-\mu)/2 }$
Of course, this will not be defined if $\Sigma$ is not invertible.
As @whuber points out, in different scenarios there are different heuristic reasons for why this would occur and why, heuristically, this leads to a problem in those scenarios.
In terms of sampling, $sometimes$ this can be easily remedied. In particular $\Sigma$ will not invertible if the determinant = 0. In this case, at least one of the values of $X$ is a merely a linear combination of the other values. For the sake of example, let's suppose that $X_k$ = $\sum_{i = 1}^{k-1} X_i$, and the covariance of $X_{(-k)}$ (i.e. the $X_i$ s.t. $i < k$) is invertible. Then one can sample from $X_{(-k)}$ and then calculate $X_k$ from $X_{(-k)}$. So even though the density function is not properly defined, we can still draw samples from this distribution by being clever.
Answer: Since you mark the regression tag, I assume that's the context. People are often interested in information like the following:
i) estimating a coefficient
ii) getting a standard error of an estimated coefficient
iii) testing an estimated coefficient
iv) getting a confidence interval or a prediction interval
these relate in some way to values in the inverse of the X'X matrix or equivalently, (after sweeping out the constant from X), the matrix of sums of squares and cross products which is a multiple of the variance covariance matrix of the predictors. You don't necessarily need to explicitly invert the matrix to get them, but if it's not invertible, they'll either be undefined, not uniquely defined, or infinite.


Time Series Seasonality

Question: how to identify whether seasonality is additive or multiplicative in a time series? Using Plots or any statistical tests?
Answer: A possible approach is to follow the same ideas used to choose the parameter of the Box-Cox transformation. If a Box-Cox parameter, $\lambda$, equal to 1 is chosen by the method, an additive relationship between the trend and the seasonal component. The function BoxCox.lambda in the R package forecast implements a couple of methods to choose this parameter.

Graphically, you can display a range-mean plot. To do so, you split the
data in subsets of $n$ consecutive observations and compute the range and the mean in each subset. Then the range of each subsample is plot against the means. The size of each subsample, $n$, can be, for example, the
periodicity of the data or the the square root of the total number of observations. If the range increases as the mean increases, then a multiplicative relationship is suggested by this plot; if the trend and seasonal are added additively, then the points in the range-mean plot will be located along a horizontal line. I think Guerrero's method in the function BoxCox.lambda is built upon this idea. At the bottom of this post I give you an example in R.

You can also compare an additive and multiplicative model fitted to the data
by means of the AIC or BIC criteria. Typically, this will mean fitting a model for the original data and for the logarithms of the data. In general, you should choose the model with the minimum value of the criteria.
If you follow this option, remember adjusting the value of the likelihood for the so-called Jacobian term (otherwise the AIC from both models are not comparable since they are fitted to different data). For more details see my comment in this post.

Range-mean plot for the AirPassengers data. A fitted linear trend is added in order to assess the significance of the relationship between both measures.
In this case, a positive relationship between both measures suggests a multiplicative relationship between the trend and the seasonal components.
x <- AirPassengers
lx <- split(x, gl(length(x)/12, 12))
m <- unlist(lapply(lx, mean))
r <- unlist(lapply(lx, function(x) diff(range(x))))
plot(m, r, xlab = "mean", ylab = "range")
abline(lm(r ~ m))

Comment: Thanks for your reply. I've used the range-mean plot for the co2 data. The plot shows a positive relationship between range and mean. The slope of the linear regression model is significantly different from zero with a p-value lower than 0.001. Based on these results I'd conclude that the times series follows a multiplicative model. But seasonality is without doubt additive for the co2 data. Am I missing something?
Comment: Without seeing the data I don't know. There may be some outlier, leverage effect,... having an effect on the significance of the trend. You may try different values of $n$ when obtaining the plot and compare.
Comment: Thanks for your reply. I've used the times series about the co2 concentration at Mauna Loa (https://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/datasets/html/co2.html). You can import the dataset in R just by typing its name as you did with the AirPassegengers data. There are neither outliers nor leverage effects.
Answer: Usually it is easy to differentiate between additive and multiplicative seasonality by using the plots. A time series with multiplicative seasonality will generate a plot with increasing amplitude.
The following link will provide a few extra details.
http://www.forsoc.net/2014/11/11/can-you-identify-additive-and-multiplicative-seasonality/
In my opinion, it is better to transform the data (e.g. Box-Cox transformation). This way you do not have to worry about multiplicative seasonality and fitting can be performed using an additive model.
Comment: The link goes to a Chinese website

Time Series Seasonality


Encfs recover from lost+found

Question: I use Cryptkeeper to encrypt an folder on Ext4. By repairing the partition by gparted I got the lost+found folder. How do I decrypt those found files? They should be plain (though encrypted) text files.
Comment: Do you still have the EncFS config file? Or a backup of it? And did you recover the original filenames, or even have filename encryption enabled in EncFS?
Answer:
If you were not able to recover the EncFS config file (normally called .encfs6.xml) then you're in trouble; it contains the actual key (stored in <encodedKeyData>) that is unlocked with the passphrase (much like gpg & luks & others). Without it, you're left trying brute force.

If you're searching for the config file, it should start with <?xml... and contain a line with <creator>EncFS...

If you recovered all files and their names, then decryption should work normally, basically just
encfs <encrypted dir> <mountpoint>
But often recovered files don't have their original names, so you might have trouble identifying which files were in the encrypted folder. And you'll definitely have trouble decrypting them without their original (encrypted) names.

If you did recover the config file, and had filename encryption enabled (it's standard settings do) then you might be able to modify the config file to not use filename encryption.
The element to change appears to be <NameAlg> and looks like this (in a standard config):
<nameAlg>
    <name>nameio/block</name>
    <major>4</major>
    <minor>0</minor>
</nameAlg>

Changing it to this should disable filename encryption, showing the recovered ("wrong") filenames but allowing you to at least see the decrypted contents of the files:
<nameAlg>
    <name>nameio/null</name>
    <major>1</major>
    <minor>0</minor>
</nameAlg>

Encfs recover from lost+found


Home Network, router firewall vs Windows firewall

Question: Similar to these questions:
What Firewall Rules Should Be Used For A Home-Based System and
Firewall on VPS Use Windows Built In
But more specifically I'm guessing that using both the Windows Firewall and a router's built in firewall are redundant?  Which is generally considered the better option for general computer/internet use?(For an example, I personally have a D-Link Router)  What would you recommend to non-tech savvy folk?
Answer: I have always heard that a router/hardware firewall is better than a software firewall. And yes they are redundant. But one thing you will hear a lot from security people is the phrase "defense in depth".
So even though they are redundant, you may find that doubling up on a firewall probably won't hurt and it is nice to have a backup just in case.
Answer: Be aware that in Windows XP the built-in firewall (Windows Firewall) provides inbound protection only.  A program running on your computer that attempts to access the internet will not be stopped or checked by the built-in Windows Firewall.
On Vista I believe the built-in firewall does do outbound checking, but it is disabled by default.  Why this is, I can only guess.
The key security benefit my router provides is Network Address Translation (NAT).  As others have said, this translates my external (ISP assigned) ip address to an internal private IP address. I could be wrong but this is what I mean when I talk about a hardware firewall.
So, on XP, I use the router (hardware) firewall and run another software firewall to provide an extra level of inbound protection, as well as much needed outbound protection.
As I'm sure you  know, a router can be configured to open various ports.  The software firewall will also watch for inbound access through any opened ports.  So, for example, if you open a temporary port but then forget to close it, its useful to have the software firewall as a backup.
I also turn the built-in Windows firewall off.  This is actually recommended by Microsoft and other vendors, ie. run only one software Firewall at a time.
Answer: They are redundant, but the Windows Firewall can still be useful - for example if your child's computer gets infected and attacks other systems on the LAN, it won't be able to get past the Windows firewall.   If you have a docked laptop, it is often convenient to leave the firewall enabled even while on the LAN so that you won't forget to re-enable it when the laptop travels.
Answer: In most cases at home, whatever router you are behind is perfectly acceptable to protect you and your PC's from any sort of intrusion, especially if remote management is turned off.  What you need to look out for is applications which might open ports in your router using UPnP.  This is not generally bad, depending on how paranoid you are.
Windows Firewall, on the other hand, is not exactly redundant.  All your router does is put your computer on a private network, with a different IP address than your publicly facing one, and when desired, forwards connections on specific ports to your machine on the private network.  Windows firewall can protect and notify you about outgoing connections your machine attempts to initiate, as well as provide an additional layer of protection against incoming connections you did not explicitly allow.
Comment: @Tim Meers: I said Nearly. :) Also, I like the Windows Firewall in addition to the router because my wife and children aren't always as careful as I am, so if they cause their machines to become infected, my PC is still protected. So I like having both. Back in the old days I would run BlackICE, which rocked.
Comment: The Windows Firewall in XP does not provide any sort of protection for outbound connections.  The Vista version does support outbound protection, but it was disabled by default and needs to be enabled (may have changed recently).
Comment: Generally you don't need outbound protection NEARLY as much as you do inbound protection anyway.
Comment: @Mark while it's true that outboud is not as needed as inbound there is always the chance you've already foobared your PC and now need to block outbound stuff too!


What is Dr. Emmet Brown's speciality/education?

Question: It's hard to believe that a genius like Doc has no formal education. Is there any info on what his alma-mater is and what his speciality is (like, quantum physics, or something)?
Comment: @DVK - Actually, [the Doc seems to be the only person who is mentioned by Principal Strickland but isn't called a slacker.](http://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/95624/is-there-anyone-strickland-doesnt-think-is-a-slacker/95628?s=2|0.2099#95628)
Comment: [Movies:SE - Is there any evidence that Doc Brown in Back To the Future has a degree?](http://movies.stackexchange.com/q/41193/7812)
Comment: Canonically, seems to be ---Slacker--- err... a "Dangerous nutcase"?
Answer: This earlier script draft indicated that he had been a renowned nuclear physicist:

MARTY Doc Brown's all right — he's just a little hung up on time. A
  couple of years ago, he showed up at my house and hired me to sweep
  out this garage of his. He pays me 50 bucks a week, gives me free
  beer... and gives me total access to his record collection — he's got
  this great old record collection.
(a beat)
Hard to believe he was one of the world's greatest nuclear physicists.

However, there are plenty of details in that script that don't match the finished movie, for instead of Doc being an eccentric lonely inventor in the 50s, when Marty goes to Doc's mansion in the past he finds him hosting a swanky party flanked two beautiful women, and Doc comes up with the idea for the "temporal field capacitor" when he whispers something in the ear of a woman and she hits him over the head with a beer bottle.
But there is going to be a new series of Back to the Future comics co-written by Bob Gale (who wrote the original movies with Robert Zemeckis), and filling in details of the backstory of the movies, as Gale describes in this interview:

I said, "If we're going to do this, let's go back to the characters.
  Let's do stories suggested by the movies, by the characters. People
  have always asked how did Mary and Doc first meet? That's a good
  story. Let's do that in the first issue. People have asked, how did
  Doc Brown's house actually burn down? Was it a fire insurance scam?
  What was that? In issue #2 we tell that story. Issue #3, people have
  asked, wouldn't have George and Lorraine wanted to find out what
  happened to Calvin Klein? Well, we deal with that in issue #3.
These are all things that are suggested by the movies, suggested by
  people thinking about the world of the movies, and I think that our
  fans are going to be very very happy with the way these things are
  turning out. I certainly am. These comics are exceeding my
  expectations. Again, the people at IDW said, "Can we say that these
  are canon," which is always something that makes me crazy. It's
  fiction. How can it be canon? I said, "Look (and we actually have a
  text piece in the first issue talking about this) when you have a time
  machine and infinite time lines everything is canon, so, yes, it's all
  canon and none of it's canon."

And according to this article, the first issue will show that Doc worked on the Manhattan Project to build the first nuclear bomb:

For example, the first issue's stories will uncover the origins of how
  Doc Brown and Marty met each other, and cover Doc's work on the
  Manhattan project during World War II.

So, even if he wasn't famous as one the world's greatest nuclear physicists, I think we can speculate that he likely at least had a Ph.D. in physics, as did other young physicists who worked on the Manhattan Project (since Doc is only supposed to be in his 30's in 1955, he would have been in his early 20's during the last years of WWII), like Richard Feynman.
Comment: In Back to the Future Part 3, Doc has a conversation with Clara, where he tells her "Actually I'm a student of all sciences," which indicates he has no particular specialty.
Comment: @Kai - It just indicates he has tried to learn about all sciences in his life, but it doesn't indicate he didn't have a specialty in his formal education.
Comment: @Kai, Clara would not have understood what a "nuclear physicist" was if he told her.
Answer: Possibly physics
According to Futurepedia (see note below), in the 1950s, Doc Brown worked as a professor of physics at Hill Valley University, suggesting physics may be his speciality.  This isn't such a wild leap, as building a time machine would involve a fairly detailed knowledge of physics.
Note: whilst the article I link to doesn't provide a specific reference for this, it does refer to Hill Valley University which is apparently referred to in the Animated Series.  Not having seen any of the animated series, I can't confirm this, but it may be the case that this was elaborated on in the series.
Comment: I'd go with this.  It's nearly impossible (but not totally) to be a professor of physics without a physics PhD.  I'd say the reasoning is sound.  :-)


Which color packs overlap?

Question: Looking over the color shop, I can see some color are available in different packs, for example both the fall package and the holiday package contains the same shade of yellow, which is included in the shades of yellow pack as well. If I want to minimize the coins spent and still buy all available colors, which packs should do I choose? which packs are available in separate packs? Can I still buy a color pack even if I have all it's colors from different packs or does it automatically count as "unlocked"?
Answer: I have purchased 2 packs with the coins I have earned, so I can understand what you mean as I have 2 yellow colors overlapping. There are many colors within the packages shown below that you can barely notice any tint difference in play.
It is completely up to you in the end which packages you would like and which tints or variations you would like to enjoy the game to its fullest, but my recommendation would be: Holiday package and the Mardi Gras package.  Both packages + the original set give you the main set of colors required to illustrate a proper, defined picture.
My reasoning:
Between the Mardi Gras package + the holiday package + original set you gain:

Red[removes red scale package,  half of fall package, part of neon package]
Purple [removes spring and neon package]
(2 different tints of) blue[removes bluescale package, part of spring package, beach package]
Green [ neon package ]
Yellow [removes fall package (see brown below), part of spring package]
brown [removes fall package, ice cream package]
Different shades of black - gray[removes grayscale package].

The reasoning above accesses every package (besides minor differences in the shade packages).
Sidenote: I wouldn't bother with the shade packages at all.
Take a look at the screens I have provided below.
Comment: Thanks for the detailed answer. I'll wait a couple of few days so someone else will have the chance to details exactly which color packs overlap and which are the minimum to get, if not, I'll accept your answer
Comment: @JohnoBoy Anytime.  Hope it helped :)
Answer: I would get the spring package first since that way you get a green, orange and purple all at once leaving you with access to all primary and secondary colors with just one package... Then the ice cream package so you have a brown and a pink (I had to draw Kirby today without pink...)
Answer: Mardi gras and spring are my choices. Mardi gras is the first you need, IMO. Brown, grey, purple, green, orange. All super vital. Spring is good because of the pink. Maybe I'll try holiday too.
Answer: I bought the Mardi Gras package first, because you get the most versatile colors that way. While the spring package has some similar colors, they are pastels and not as useful.
The 2nd package I bought was the brazilian desert package. Really helped because I got a light beige color suitable for light skin tones, and and nice sepia good for darker skin tones, plus a couple of pinks (that I used to draw Kirby) and a brown-gray that is pretty versatile.
Third, I bought the beach package which gave me 3 more shades of blue good for sky and water. The sand color i use for wood a lot, but what is striking is the off-white color that at first doesn't appear to be useful, I find I'm using all the time. Just yesterday I used it as the main color for mummy bandages, because the white didn't look realistic.
I got by for a long time with those three packages, so those are the 3 to start with. I've just decided to add a couple of more, just for fun. The spooky pack has a couple of great shades of light green that would add versatility for drawing foliage, but the Holiday package has great colors too.
Answer: Just get all the the ones that aren't 'single colour' packages. Seeing as you can't buy much with the colours left over then just invest them into paint. In my opinion they should have red to yellow, green to blue, greyscale and then the beach and ice cream packs combined. I was thinking of the pink and brown and beige from ice cream mixed with the blues from the beach because they are nice... If it is just one shade per colour then you could get away with the Mardi Gras + Spring.

Which color packs overlap?


DB set entity install priority

Question: How can I set the entity install order?
now the new table refers to a nonexistent one because the new table has not yet been created
Answer: Maybe you are looking for the postInstall hook? https://docs.civicrm.org/dev/en/latest/hooks/hook_civicrm_postInstall/
It is written in the example section:
Another potential use is to act on settings or managed entities that are created during the installation (but not necessarily in order that you want them to be created)

DB set entity install priority


How much of this fertilizer should I use on my Jade Plants?

Question:
I have this fertilizer that is meant for house flowers as well as vegetables, I was planning one using it for my Jade Plants. How much should I give them? I have never fertilized my Jade Plants before.
Answer: There's a difference between flowering houseplants and those which are grown for their foliage. Flowering plants need a different NPK, whereas foliage houseplants do better with either a balanced NPK (7-7-7) or one that has a higher nitrogen level. Baby bio is a houseplant food and that has an NPK of 10.6-4.4-1.7, which you can see is quite  different from the NPK shown on the bag in your image.  I wouldn't use the fertilizer you have on a jade plant at all.
For Crassula ovata (Jade plant) you need a water soluble, standard houseplant food (such as Baby Bio), diluted according to the directions, but it needs very little in a year - 2 or 3 applications spread out through the year is perfectly adequate. https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/jade-plant/jade-plant-care.htm


User updating their profile wipes my custom fields

Question: I have created a plugin to add extra fields to user profiles. These fields can only be edited buy admin and do not show on the user'profile page. The extra fields are shown and can be edited by admin. The problem is that when a user edits their profile it wipes all values from the extra fields for that user. I am using the wordpress plugin Admin Columns Pro and have contacted them but they say their plugin is not causing the problem.  I'm not very experienced with coding and may have something wrong. You can see my code here:  https://pastebin.com/5caMB9yZ
Answer: I see two problems in your code. The first one is the user capability level and the second one is how you're saving the data.
You can fix the first one by setting the capability requirement in your saving function higher, some capability that only administrators have. Regarding edit_usercapability, WordPress Capabilities: edit_user vs edit_users
The second one you can fix by adding isset() check to see, if the custom field values are being sent or not with $_POST. At the current form, if the custom field value is not set, then $_POST['field-key] results in null value, which overwrites any previous saved data. I.e. update_user_meta( $user_id, 'pin', $_POST['pin'] );
Here's one example how you could improve your code. In my example I've
added a nonce check, upgraded the capability requirement, added isset() check and data sanitization.
function extra_user_profile_fields( $user ) {
  // add nonce field
  wp_nonce_field( 'my_extra_user_profile_fields', 'my_extra_user_profile_fields_nonce', true, true );
  ?>

  <?php
}

function save_extra_user_profile_fields( $user_id ) {
  // Nonce checks to know the $_POST is coming from the right source
  if ( empty( $_POST['my_extra_user_profile_fields_nonce'] ) || ! wp_verify_nonce( 'my_extra_user_profile_fields_nonce', 'my_extra_user_profile_fields' ) ) {
    return;
  }
  // Capabilities check
  // create_users is administrator only capability
  if ( ! current_user_can( 'create_users', $user_id ) ) {
    return;
  }
  // valid field keys with related data type
  // update types as needed
  $fields = array(
    'pin'                        => 'string',
    'street-address'             => 'string',
    'suburb'                     => 'string',
    'postcode'                   => 'string',
    'phone'                      => 'string',
    'mobile'                     => 'string',
    'president-year'             => 'int',
    'secretary-year'             => 'int',
    'competition-secretary-year' => 'int',
    'treasurer-year'             => 'int',
    'committee-member-year'      => 'int',
    'joining-date'               => 'string',
    'fees-paid'                  => 'bool',
    'life-member'                => 'string',
    'comments'                   => 'string',
    'other-roles'                => 'string',
    'year-left'                  => 'int',
  );
  // loop fields instead of typing each update separately
  foreach ($fields as $key => $data_type) {
    // check if field data is sent with $_POST
    if ( isset( $_POST[$key] ) ) {
      // update user meta with sanitized value
      update_user_meta( $user_id, $key, my_sanitize_user_data($_POST[$key], $data_type) );
    }
  }
}

function my_sanitize_user_data( $value, string $type = '' ) {
  switch ($type) {
    case 'bool':
      return in_array( $value, array(true, 'true', 1, 'yes') ); // returns true, if value is in array otherwise false
    case 'int':
      return is_numeric($value) ? absint( $value ) : 0;
    default:
      return sanitize_text_field( $value );
  }
}

I think you should also be able to remove add_action( 'personal_options_update', 'save_extra_user_profile_fields' ); as add_action( 'edit_user_profile_update', 'save_extra_user_profile_fields' ); covers the data saving.
Comment: Thank you so much. changing from edit_user to edit_users has fixed my problem.  I will attempt to implement your other suggestion when I get some time.


Where is the »open as administrator« option in Nautilus gone?

Question: Till Ubuntu 11.10 there the context or edit menu had an option to open a specific folder as administrator. This option came with the package nautilus-gksu. Now it vanished. Does anybody know how to get it back?
Answer: Are you sure you mean 11.04?  In any event the package is still in the repos & should still work as is through 11.04 (the last version built was "nautilus-gksu (2.0.2-5ubuntu2) natty"
In 11.10 it would install but not work, as of the other day it finally was noted in the current 12.04 build

Patches dropped:

debian/patches/21_strip_blank_space.patch: No longer needed since we
don't build nautilus-gksu anymore.

As far as 11.10 & probably 12.04 the extensions will work fine, you can  install the package & either copy or link to proper dir.
Ex. of linking after install
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-2.0/libnautilus-gksu.so /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0/libnautilus-gksu.so

To copy just replace ln -s with cp.
You actually don't even need to install the package, just place a copy of libnautilus-gksu.so in /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0
A bug I had on - at this point just hoping someone with auth will mark "Won't Fix"
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gksu/+bug/817383
For 12.04
You can no longer just install the 11.10 package & move or link the .so. -
Easiest way is to  download the nautilus-gksu package for your architecture from either of these 2 locations, and save it in your downloads folder
http://packages.ubuntu.com/oneiric/nautilus-gksu pick architecture at bottom of page
32 bit- Direct link from ubuntu.mirror.cambrium.nl
64 bit- Direct link from ubuntu.mirror.cambrium.nl
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gksu/2.0.2-5ubuntu2 pick architecture under "Builds"
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Once downloaded right click on the .deb > extract here. In the extracted contents, Browse to usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-2.0, inside will be libnautilus-gksu.so
As root (To enter root open terminal and enter gksu nautilus) copy the file from above in to /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0 folder in your filesystem
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Example from terminal, automated commands if you extracted in Downloads folder-
On my 64 bit install  downloaded nautilus-gksu_2.0.2-5ubuntu2_amd64.deb  & extracted right in my Downloads folder
sudo cp ~/Downloads/nautilus-gksu_2.0.2-5ubuntu2_amd64/usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-2.0/libnautilus-gksu.so /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0

On my 32 bit install downloaded nautilus-gksu_2.0.2-5ubuntu2_i386.deb  & again extracted in Downloads folder so terminal command
sudo cp ~/Downloads/nautilus-gksu_2.0.2-5ubuntu2_i386/usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-2.0/libnautilus-gksu.so /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0

Comment: You are right, I meant Ubuntu 11.10. I correct that in my question. Tanks a lot.
Comment: Ewww, no Open as Admin Nautilus package anymore, *really*? Gnome 3 is more than an year old, and such a basic feature wasn't ported yet to official repos?
Comment: After you do this, do "sudo nautilus -q" and "nautilus -q" to see the new option.
Comment: This doesn't work anymore with Ubuntu 13.10.
Comment: I don't like using gksu with nautilus anymore, have switched to pkexec. If really inclined - install gksu : open `gksu-properties` & make sure it's set to sudo authenication mode, not su, Then place `libnautilus-gksu.so` in /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0, restart nautilus
Comment: @doug This doesn't work in Ubuntu 13.10 with nautilus-3.8. I copied `libnautilus-gksu.so` to `/usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0`. But it's not working.Any work-around for it? However it works fine in 13.04.
Comment: Just tested in 13.10, works fine. Otherwise you can create a nautilus-action to do this or enable pkexec for nautilus
Comment: @doug Ok. After following 12.04 method, it started working again. Thanks.
Answer: Working For 12.04
You can accomplish Open as Admin with a Nautilus script placed in ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts. The name you give the file will be placed in the Scripts menu.
1. Right click on desktop, Select > Create New Document > Empty Document.
Name the file "Open As Administrator" , Open the file and paste the following text into it,
for uri in $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS; do
gksudo "gnome-open $uri" &
done

Click save and close out.
2. Now mark the file as executable, right click > Properties > Permissions > look down for "Execute" and check "Allow executing file as program" -

3. Open the file browser, go to > View > Show Hidden Files, now navigate to you home folder, and Place the file in ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts . Shown below -

4. Now right click on your folder or file of choice and select > Scripts > Open As Administrator , you then will get a screen prompting for your password, and the file/folder will open in their respective program as administrator-

This method shouldn't break from updates to Nautilus, because it is a custom script and will be in the right click menu under Scripts, will work on desktop files, and files and folders in Nautilus, however does not work on the left folder pane in nautilus.
Comment: Thx!! Works also with Ubuntu 14.04. I use the folder ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts/
Comment: This didn't work for me in 12.04. It asked for the password fine, flashed the screen, and then nothing. Uhhhhhhhhhh, that was from the Desktop. REALLY would love to find a way to make this action work from the shortcuts at the top of the screen.
Answer: You can open nautilus from the command line as administrator with sudo. For example if you run
sudo nautilus /etc/

It allows you to right-click and create folder where you normally wouldn't be able to.
If you just want to open a nautilus window which has administrator privileges you do not have to specify the folder:
sudo nautilus

Answer: It's been updated for the latest Ubuntu 15
sudo apt-get install nautilus-admin -y && nautilus -q
Answer: You can run gksudo nautilus to run Nautilus as a super-user.  I would recommend against using sudo to open graphical applications as root as they will often inherit your current user's environment and possibly create files in your home directory with root ownership.
Edit; in response to OP's comment
Install nautilus-actions, then logoff/login or reboot (whichever you prefer).
Run nautilus-actions-config-tool.
Hit the +page icon on the toolbar in the dialog. Give it the name you want.
Under actions tab, enter context label to whatever you want it to show up as in your right-click.  If you want it to show up as a tool bar, be sure to check "Display item in the toolbar".  This may not work in Unity (it didn't for me).
Under command tab; give it a unique label. Supposedly this appears as the tool tip.  In Path, specify 'gksudo' (without quotes).   in parameters, supply 'nautilus %b' (without quotes).  In Working directory, give '%d'.  Click on the Save Icon and rightclick your directory/file.. under Nautilus Actions, you will see your new item.
That's the closest I've found, I think, in what you're looking for.
Comment: I already knew this way, but I want to open it while I'm browsing.
Comment: Updated my answer- I think this may be what you're looking to achieve.
Answer: Try this (whatever version of Ubuntu)
http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php?content=100703
Answer: An easy working fix can be found here -
http://www.liberiangeek.net/2012/04/add-open-as-administrator-to-the-context-menu-in-ubuntu-12-04-precise-pangolin/
Answer: for ubuntu 12.04, which uses dolphin as its folder system, you can use the following command to open a folder under root:
kdesudo dolphin /.../...

or just:
kdesudo dolphin

then browse through your filesystem for the folder your looking for.
Answer: open terminal and type
gksu -s

it will ask for password and then
a window will pop up asking for which program to run and to chose user
write nautilus in the program option
and choose root in user option


Assumptions for Canonical Correspondence analysis

Question: I have been trying to find the major assumptions a Canonical Correspondence Analysis makes when doing its analysis. I have had a hard time finding anything useful. I did, however, find the assumptions for Canonical Correlation analysis. Does anyone know if these are the same assumptions for Canonical Correspondance analysis? I am guessing the assumptions are there should be a Gaussian relationship between the sets of variables, a Gaussian relationship between the variates, homoscedasticity and finally it is highly recommended for the data to be normally distributed.
Answer: Assumptions made are:

Mean-variance relationship

Correspondence analysis assumes that your data follow the Poisson or multinomial distribution, since it divides the raw residuals by the square root of their expected value under the independence model. Mathematically speaking this becomes:
$$R^{-1/2}(X-E)C^{-1/2}$$
with $X$ your n-by-p matrix of interest, $R$ a n-by-n diagonal matrix containing the row sums of $X$, $C$ a p-by-p diagonal matrix containing the column sums of $X$ and $E = \frac{R11'C}{a}$ the matrix of expectations (a being the total sum of all elements of $X$) and $1$ and $1'$ vectors filled with ones with length n and p respectively.
There is thus a hidden distributional assumption that $E(X_{ij}) = Var(X_{ij})$ for the Pearson residuals $\frac{x_{ij}-e_{ij}}{e_{ij}}$ to be properly standardized. So far for regular as well as canonical correspondence analysis.

Response functions

Canonical correspondence analysis indeed assumes a Gaussian response function and equal tolerances for all species.


Zero notional on swap leg

Question: Can there be a swap with zero notional on one leg alone? If so, what is the swap used for ?
Comment: Depending on which leg has null notional, such a swap is equivalent to either a fixed-rate bond or a floating-rate bond. In practice I don't think this happens.
Comment: As @Pontus Hultkrantz has already pointed out, a swap with a zero-notional-leg is not really a swap anymore. Practically, I sometimes set leg nominals to zero for some internal risk calculations, i.e. as a workaround in my risk systems... But I think that is not what you had in mind, no?
Comment: I'm guessing that it might be a workaround for booking in a less than perfectly designed IT system. For example, suppose you really want to book just one leg. But the system insists that you book 2 legs, so you book the other leg with 0 notional. (I could also imagine specyfing 0-notional leg on a non-standard termsheet to indicate its absense.) Another possible guess is a "template" that can be cloned and edited instead of entering all fields from scratch.
Comment: Ideally a firm should have some "approximate booking" or "model extension" policy -  requring that all instances where the IT systems force traders to "work around" limitations (for example, having to book a callable swap as a separate vanilla swap and swaption, or having to book an amortizing swap as a series of bullet swaps) be noted, tracked, and eventually remediated in the booking system.
Answer: While mathematically anything is possible, it does not make any sense to have a swap with zero notional, as it no longer is a swap.
For fixed for float interest rate swaps, if the swap rate is zero, while notional is not, that would mathematically be equivalent to a zero notional on that leg, since the whole leg is killed. Killing the fixed leg equals a series of FRAs; killing the floating leg equals a stream of zero coupon bonds. However, for sinle ccy IRS, the notional is shared among the two legs.
For a cross currency swap, if one of the states that issues the currency got totally destroyed, meaning that the exchange rate for the notional went to zero, then sure.

Zero notional on swap leg


degree distribution

Question: Does anyone know how to compute node degree distribution in  a graph ? I am talking about a large graph for example California road network and imagine we have some data such as number of nodes and number of edges and now we want to visualize data by histogram for distribution of nodes degrees.Is there any specific formula ?the link is included :
https://snap.stanford.edu/data/roadNet-CA.html
Comment: The link allows you to download the actual network. Given the network, it's easy to compute the degree distribution.
Comment: Coding is off-topic here.
Comment: If all you know is the number of vertices and the number of edges, then essentially all you know about the degree distribution is its expectation.
Comment: Thank you for your reply and we have some other information such as Nodes in largest WCC so you mean we should skip wcc and only focus on node and edges for visualizing ?
Comment: yes , thank you so much it was my mistake , so now I should use coding for that ? I mean python codes ? could you please help me more?
Answer: To compute the node degree distribution, compute the degree of each node in the graph; then compute the distribution of these numbers (e.g., display a histogram of them).  Each of those tasks is a straightforward coding exercise.
Answer: I know the question was asked long ago. Just responding to this so that others might get the help.
You can easily plot and visualize the degree distribution using the NetworkX library. It is a python based library for doing graph analysis. Here is a sample code that you can use to visualize the degree distribution of California road network. Hope you will find it useful.
# import libraries
import networkx as nx
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import collections as collec
%matplotlib inline

# reading roadNet-CA graph.
G_road = nx.read_edgelist("/data/roadNet-CA.el", nodetype=int, comments='#', create_using=nx.DiGraph)

# Calculate out degrees of roadNet-CA graph
out_degrees = G_road.out_degree() # dictionary node:degree
out_values = sorted([d for n, d in out_degrees])
out_set = set(out_values)

# building the histogram
out_hist = []
for x in out_set:
    cnt = out_values.count(x)
    for i in range(cnt):
        out_hist.append(cnt)

# log-log ploting the out-degree distribution
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
plt.grid(True)
plt.loglog(out_values, out_hist, 'bv-') # out-degree
plt.xlabel('Out Degree')
plt.ylabel('Number of nodes')
plt.title('Out-degree distribution (Log-Log) of RoadNet graph')
plt.show()
```

degree distribution


Possibility of business calls/leads being professionally stolen?

Question: Is it possible our VoIP calls being redirected from our intended phone number to another phone number unknown to us?  Our VoIP number is currently forwarded to mobile phones and computer phones.  Would this be an issue with our VoIP provider?  Our local network or our mobile phones?
Comment: While your question contains kind of claims about stolen calls it provides no kind of actual events or even evidence which can be analyzed. Insofar it is hard to decide what's really going on. It is widely reported though how locksmith [advertise with fake locations](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/business/fake-online-locksmiths-may-be-out-to-pick-your-pocket-too.html) in order to steal customers from each other - which is the reason Google makes it harder to advertise for them. Given the lack of any kind of details or evidence I propose to close the question as too broad.
Comment: Kind of sounds like you need a digital Magnum PI or something.  Like @SteffenUllrich said, for those of us that aren't in the know, we have no idea how much of what you said is anecdotal vs proven statistics vs someone is out to get you specifically.
Comment: This is not something new.  It has been going on for years but has become worse recently.  ALOA has published articles on it and it is a known problem.  It affects us in only a few locations but other companies deal with it on a larger scale.  I am setting up a VPN, better security and making other changes trying to isolate the problem.
Answer: In a situation like this, you don't know what attack vector is being used, but it seems that you may have some anecdotal evidence from customers?
The best solution is to log all occurrences and then attempt to determine the threat(attack) vector. You may have to reach out to the companies that provide your phone service or the client's. This is very dependent on how the attack takes place, considering multiple client's are potentially vulnerable with an unknown breach. Once you have a log of what user's are doing, and what results they are getting, you can quickly identify what companies are doing it and can, with the help of ISP's or phone companies, determine where the attacks are coming from.
You can start by testing using google voice numbers or track phones you activate and call or attempt to contact yourself with.
I would also invest in a VPN service and turn off location services while you do this so that an attacker might not know that you are the one making the calls if they have you blacklisted for the malware.
Once you have even a small record of where the attack is coming from, you can begin to figure out how it is happening. Vague suspicion isn't enough to figure out what is actually happening.
The more specific the threat, the more specific the solution will be.
Comment: When you say "log" do you mean a system generated event log or do you mean a manual log ?  We have been trying to get information from RingCentral for years now.  They are no help at all.  We have provided detailed events along with the call log entries and they will not acknowledge any possible issue.
Comment: I meant both, but I was mainly referring to identifying the situation by manually noting the date and time and then comparing it to any logs you have. Another option, if you have done this and the company refuses to work with you, is to file an incident report with DHS. They would be very interested in it and the issue would either likely cease completely if it is an advanced persistent threat or the DHS will figure out how it is done.
Comment: Here is the form to use if the company refuses to assist you and you want to take it to someone else: https://www.us-cert.gov/forms/report
Comment: Thank you for this link.  We have reported specific incidents numerous times.  We were able to video a call to one of our numbers that was answered by another locksmith company.  When we tried again from the same number a recording saying, "..this number does not accept calls from your area".   Similar to what someone receives when a number has been blocked.
They simply emailed me a few days later asking if we were still having problems receiving calls from that specific number.    I have received great information and guidance from asking this question.  I will update as I go.
Answer: It's not a common practice, but I happened to solve three cases of the exactly that problem. Without a detailed information and a closer look I can't tell you what has happened exactly in your case, but here are the most common pinpoints: the phone firmware, the software phone exploit, mitm for the VoIP client and the PBX exploit. If you want further help - I will need to take a way deeper look at the case
Comment: Is there a resource available that will let me know what exactly I am looking for?  Is there specific information I can provide that may help rule out some areas so we can concentrate on others?
Comment: as to my knowledge, there're no special ones, at least I haven't seen them even when looked for them. The roots are in SIP - that's how most of the phones are working with VoIP ISP/PBX. The information required is sensitive, so it's not for open discussion. Contact me on Facebook - the address is in my SE profile, so I'll ask you all the questions needed.


What would be a good metric of quality of a single bug fix?

Question: If you solve a bug in a poor way, it might result in even more bugs in the future, so I need a way to validate if the fix was actually good. Time between the bug assignment and issue closed doesn't seem right, so I'm not really sure what metric to use (if there's even one). Measure code complexity after the bug was fixed or similliar metrics don't seem like they relate to the problem at hand. Any ideas?
Comment: To me, it looks that the metric is just a method. But what is the actual purpose of the question / endeavor? Why isn't proper testing good enough? Do you need mathematical proof that the SW is bug free AND that it implements all the desired features properly? The answers are different depending on what you actually need. We might have here a XY problem.
Comment: I'm doing some research into bug tracking systems, and how issues keep being reopened and such. I was just wondering if there was a metric that could measure if a bug fix was good in the first place that I didn't know about since I'm kinda new to this. Hopefully this answers your question :)
Comment: If your purpose is to reduce the number of bugs, then you need to analyze each bug and see the true cause of that bug. Specifications, testing, implementation... Then you need to "attack" the root causes. So the metric / statistic for this purpose is "the root cause of the bug". There are other potential causes of bugs: teams, people, faulty tools, lack of training...
Answer: If there was a metric to quantify a bugfix, including accounting that "it might result in even more bugs in the future", we would logically be able to use this metric during initial development to ensure we write code that avoids bugs in the first place.
There's a reason why code review is still a human process. There is no universal calculation that tells you exactly what is good/bad and when it is in need of fixing.
Just to highlight one of the many way in which this manifests: Complexity is something we want to avoid but at the same time also a necessary evil, which is why we judge the necessity of complexity based on YAGNI. If you're not going to need it, it shouldn't be there.
How would you expect a metric, which is nothing more than a statistic and/or a calculation, to account for YAGNI? This would require you to somehow input everything you know about the project and its projected future.
Metrics are approximations, and approximations are prone to bias/error.

Time between the bug assignment and issue closed

Just because you solve the issue at hand does not mean you did not introduce another issue.

Measure code complexity after the bug was fixed

How do you know the added complexity wasn't warranted? Maybe the issue was that a part of the logic was too naïve and didn't account for certain edge cases.
Comment: Yes exactly. thanks for the feedback, i really wanted someone elses opinion on this. Very grateful!
Comment: Nice insight: if the compiler could help you, it would have done so already.
Answer: From a metrics point of view, code changes to fix bugs are in no way different than any other kind of code changes like those for adding a feature or changes for optimizing resource usage.
Metrics look at sucess, failure, time, effort, risk, or certain aspects of code quality. Code changes, regardless whether they are bug fixes or not,

have always a certain goal (which might be fulfilled, or not, or partially)
they need always some time and effort
they have always a certain risk to introduce bugs, and
they have some influence on the code complexity and quality.

So you could replace the word "bug fix" by "code change" in your question, and would still asking for the same.
Hence, there are no special metrics for rating bug fixes. You can apply any metrics for rating code or code changes. As you surely know,  there are several books written about such metrics, there are a lot of tools available, and you find several earlier questions on this site about metrics for code quality, which can equally applied to code changes for bugfixes or code changes for any other reasons.
However, if those metrics are really useful is a different question, very debatable and opinionated. It depends mainly on your goals and expectations - and from the comment under your question, it is pretty obvious you haven't clarified those goals yet. You may start here What are useful metrics for source code?. But what I really recommend is to look at the classic WTF/m metric. Though the last one was intended to be a joke, it is probably the only one which really matters - the assessment of  a code change (might be a bug fix) during a code review by a human.
Answer: Code quality assessment requires human eyeballs.
In other words, use code review by your peers (those who might be the ones to fix this code later) to evaluate if you wrote good or bad code to fix a bug.   Github and similar provide pull requests to relatively easily see your changes.  Good IDE's support it natively (unfortunately too few).
So, get criticism, revise accordingly and repeat until your peers are satisfied.


What is perpetual sleep?

Question: Jeremiah 51:57
I will make drunk her officials and her wise men, her governors, her commanders, and her warriors; they shall sleep a perpetual sleep and not wake, declares the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts.
Comment: If "sleep" means death, then the thing about them not waking up would have to refer to them not taking part in the bodily resurrection.
Comment: Yet, John 5:28-28 demands: Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which **all that are in the graves** shall hear his voice, And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto **the resurrection of life**; and they that have done evil, unto **the resurrection of damnation**.
Comment: Some Bible translations, like NIV, have: from their graves "rise to life". And: from their graves "rise to be condemned". The first thing to rise out of a grave logically has to be a ghost. Thus, it is ghosts that rise out of the graves; some to life (in a new body), and some to "damnation", which would be the opposite to life.
Answer: Jer 51 is a prophecy about God's judgement to fall (one day) on Babylon.  The chapter contains two verses with a very similar content/imagery:

V39 - While they are flushed with heat, I will serve them a feast, and I will make them drunk so that they may revel; then they will fall asleep forever and never wake up, declares the LORD. [V40 then describes in non-metaphoric language that God will "bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with male goats."]
V57 - I will make her princes and wise men drunk, along with her governors, officials, and warriors.  Then they will fall asleep forever and not wake up," declares the King, whose name is the LORD of Hosts.

The imagery is unmistakable - "fall asleep and not wake up" means that they are going to die.  Jesus & the NT used exactly the same idiom of sleep meaning death in several places such as Matt 9:24, 28:13, Mark 5:39, Luke 8:52, John 11:11, 12, Acts 7:60, 13:36, 1 Cor 7:39, 11:30, 15:6, 18, 20, 51, 1 Thess 4:13-15, 5:10, 2 Peter 3:4, etc.
Ellicott sums this well when he says (on Jer 51:39):

(39) In their heat I will make their feasts . . .—The words are stern
and bitter in their irony. When the revellers are hot with wine and
lust (comp. Hosea 7:4-7) Jehovah would call them to a banquet of
another kind. The wine cup which He would give them would be that of
His wrath (Jeremiah 25:16-17), and their drunken joy should end in an
eternal sleep. So Herodotus (i. 191) narrates that when Cyrus took the
city by his stratagem the inhabitants were keeping a feast with their
wonted revelry and license. (Compare Xenoph. Cyropœd. vii. 23.)

What is perpetual sleep?


How can I create my own private server for a game like LoL?

Question: I want to run some build tests without going through the process of leveling for 30 minutes a game by running a private server where I can control the variables.  Does anyone know how I can create do this on my computer?
Comment: Sometimes going through the 30 minutes is exactly what a build needs to be tested. The buildup of the build in respect to the game and how it sustains throughout the game is almost as important as its final effectiveness.
Answer: The closest you'll be able to get to this is to create a custom game in the client where your teammates and the other team are all bots (or it's just you by yourself). You can't host your own LoL server as all legitimate LoL servers are owned by Riot.
To create a custom game on the Riot servers:

Click the big red Play button.
Click "custom" in the list of options on the left.
Click "Join/Create"
Click on the "Create Game" button in the lower right.
Configure the game settings, then click "Create Game".
If you want bots on either side, click the "Add Bot" buttons.
Click "Start Game".

If you play a custom, you can end it at any time without incurring a "leave" penalty.
Comment: You can create custom Dominion games now too, which will get you faster money for testing items.
Comment: Yea but this does not solve the problem of leveling for 30 minutes...
Comment: I strongly disagree because a step is missing. Reverse-engineering their code would be a more logical first step.  By sweeping values, you will be able to tune your physics engine. You can also definitely get skin and model files from any modern game (LOL would be very easy to do). Be careful not to abuse reverse engineering for hacking or unlicensed usage. -<3 try contributing a level maker if you go there, bro: I'd love to help. +1 if you would, too.
Answer: After doing some digging and looking i have found the Github of someone called rolle3k. And it seems he has written an emulator for lol, now i don't know if this works... or if this is the new version. But it never hurts checking it out right?
https://github.com/rolle3k
Other then that, you could do what Shaun told you... but you are then stuck again with playing 30 min and such...
Comment: Custom games have no leave penalty. You can leave whenever you want. :)
Comment: @Shaun Never said anything about the penalty, i did say that in the end it is gonna take you 30 min to get a full build vs custom bots, and in the end it is worth nothing, cause the bots are to easy to test the build on.
Comment: I was addressing the comment that you're "stuck" playing bots for 30 minutes. You're not really stuck because you can leave whenever you want.


A word for clothes, shoes, accessories?

Question: I'm looking for a word that applies to all the things a person can wear, e.g. clothes, shoes, accessories, etc. It musn't be too generic, e.g. product, item, etc.
Comment: Related: [What is the difference between "clothes" and "clothing"?](http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/25887/what-is-the-difference-between-clothes-and-clothing)
Comment: Related: It is often handy to have a single word for otherwise dissimilar items sharing an important property, e.g., "fluid" for anything that flows, whether liquid or gas.
Comment: How can something that is so general ("all the things a person can wear") not be necessarily generic?
Comment: 'Apparel' is still probably the best.
Comment: Agree that 'apparel' is the right term.
Answer: These all fall under the category of apparel, attire, or simply clothing.
Comment: I would like to point out that *apparel* is different from *footwear* and *accessories*. Ever saw a discount banner saying **Flat 50% off on Apparel only!**??
Comment: These all seem like good choices.
Answer: I used to own a clothing store which carried all of the items listed in your question:  The following descriptive terms, not already mentioned, are appropiate:

Threads
Wearables
Wears or Wear: mentioned above but can be prefixed by specific category: Mens, Womens, Kids, Sports, Night, Day, ie. Menswear or used more generally like:
Outerwear
Textiles
Garments

Also appropiate:

Couture

Although originally associated with custom or expensive fashion, it has become a more generalized term.
Origin:

French in origin, from Old French cousture sewing, from Vulgar Latin consutura,
  from Latin consutus, past participle of consuere to sew together, from
  com- + suere to sew —
  From: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/couture

Hope this helps!
Marcelous
Answer: Clothing is quite adequate. For alternatives that are standard and fun, though maybe pretentious, consider:

Garb. Has connotations of a particularly stylized sort of clothing, but may be used to describe any clothing from "monkish garb" to "kids in combat garb". Similar to gear, but more general.
Furnishings. It includes any article of dress, be it clothing, footwear, haberdashery or accessories. I recall it most commonly used in context as "men's furnishings" but not exclusively.
Accoutrement or accoutrements. Plural is better. While seemingly French, it is accepted English language usage, see here.
Trappings. Refers to any sort of clothing and equipment combination whether a costume or military outfit. Includes clothes, footware, jewelry, insignia, sashes, scarves and hosiery.
Comment: Garb, Accoutrements, Trappings are all worthy of a vote.
Comment: I wish I could vote for this twice. This is the only answer with intelligence in a storm of "Oh! Me too!"s.
Comment: @shinyspoongod Much obliged! You have no idea how long it took  to write that answer. It was really difficult for me to find (what I now know to be, but didn't then) hypernyms that were English words, or borrowed words, and standard usage, yet not considered `archaic`. Nor had I quite figured out SE markdown either. Newbie daze ~;o)
Answer: I've heard the term rig. It encompasses a person's whole look from head to toe. Sometimes a person's rig can determine their place on the social food chain.
Comment: Interesting. Is it a slang or in-group use? Can you point to any examples?
Answer: I've heard people use the word gear as well, which means clothes and accessories.

(Clothing & Fashion) Informal up-to-date clothes and accessories, esp those bought by young people.

- As stated here.
Answer: You could say wear.  (Although not a common term for describing articles of attire in general, it's technically correct for what you want.)
Among many other definitions of the word, there's this one:

wear (noun): clothing, especially of a particular kind or for a particular use. Often used in combination, e.g.: rainwear; footwear; underwear; activewear; formalwear; eveningwear.
Answer: You could use the words apparel, garment or simply dress.
Answer: Since we're all pitching in, I like habiliments. It can mean clothes in general, but also specialized clothing and gear.
http://www.wordnik.com/words/habiliment
Comment: Honorable mention in the context of my comment above.
Answer: When referring to the combination of items someone is wearing, I'd go with outfit.

a set of usually matching or harmonious garments and accessories worn together; coordinated costume; ensemble: a new spring outfit.
Answer: Another word that has not been mentioned is duds.
Answer: Maybe you can try to use garments or wardrobe or closet stuff
Comment: "Closet stuff"?
Comment: @Robusto You know: gremlins, grumpkins, and fabulous feather boas.

A word for clothes, shoes, accessories?


SuspensionManager in Windows Universal Apps doesn't do anything on fast app switching

Question: I'm having troubles understanding how can I execute code when doing fast app switching (i.e. pressing the Windows/Start button to show Start screen on the Phone emulator, and then pressing the Back button to go back into the app).
To simplify the issue, I started a new Windows Universal App that uses the "Visual C# Hub App (Universal Apps)" template as base code (since it includes the SuspensionManager and the NavigationHelper). Since I'm not interested in the Hub itself, I removed all the Grid content from the HubPage.xaml and simply added a TextBox called TimeTextBox:
<code>...
    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot">
        <TextBox Name="TimeTextBox"/>
    </Grid>
</Page>
</code>
Then, in the HubPage.xaml.cs, I added the following simple line to the method NavigationHelper_LoadState:
<code>private async void NavigationHelper_LoadState(object sender, LoadStateEventArgs e)
{
    var sampleDataGroups = await SampleDataSource.GetGroupsAsync();
    this.DefaultViewModel["Groups"] = sampleDataGroups;

    TimeTextBox.Text = DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay.ToString();
}
</code>
If I execute the app on the Phone emulator after applying those simple changes, the app will show the time of the day when loading the page, for example: 16:08:53.4390827.
What I want is that time to be updated every time I navigate to that page. But I if use the Lifecycle Events from Visual Studio to simulate a Suspend, when I send the Resume event the time is still the same: 16:08:53.4390827, and a breakpoint in that line will confirm that the NavigationHelper_LoadState method doesn't get executed when resuming.
The explanation for this is that the App.xaml.cs, as it is in the template, doesn't provide any listener for the Resume event, so nothing gets executed. Adding the next few lines fixes that:
<code>    public App()
    {
        this.InitializeComponent();
        this.Suspending += this.OnSuspending;

        this.Resuming += App_Resuming;
    }

    async void App_Resuming(object sender, object e)
    {
        await SuspensionManager.RestoreAsync();
    }
</code>
So if I run again the app on the Phone emulator, now I get the actual time after resuming. Great! The problem is that these Suspend/Resume events don't get triggered when I simply tap on the Windows button of the Phone and then tap on the back button.
Actually, I haven't been able to identify one single method that gets executed when performing that kind of fast app switch. And that's the scenario I'm actually interested for my Universal App.
Is there a way of catching when the navigation brings us back into the app from the Start screen through the Back button? Am I missing any code to handle this scenario?
Thanks!
Comment: I just realized that the issue was caused by running the app through Visual Studio. For some reason, having Visual Studio attached to the emulator interferes with the Suspend/Resume events.

After deployment, if I launch the app directly from the Emulator, everything works and the NavigationHelper_LoadState method indeed gets executed without issues.
Comment: Well welcome to SO anyway. ;)
Answer: There's nothing wrong here. It's the default behavior. When you debug a Windows Phone 8.1 app from Visual Studio, the only way to trigger Suspend/Resume event is using the Lifecycle Events in VS. But when you run the app without VS, those methods will trigger as expected. :)


Minimum size for image upload

Question: I know that one can set a maximum size (in pixels) for images uploaded through the CP, but is there any way to set a minimum size? (Ideally without buying a complete image manipulation suite like CE Images, since this is a low budget site and this is the only feature I'd need).
Answer: This might depend on how you are going to use this. File upload with a Channel Form or via a WYSIWYG editor. However both these examples don't have a straight forward configuration but you could write a conditional with a minimum file size.
CE-image will perform practically any image manipulation you can think of, but it also cannot set an minimum upload size for the original file.
If you wish to avoid conditionals I am sure this can also be done with Javascript.
Comment: Hi Nutmeg. The images would be uploaded via a straightforward File field in the CP. By conditionals I assume you mean setting a minimum size in the template, but I'd prefer to handle the issue before it reaches that stage -- i.e. at upload. Same goes for javascript. But thanks for chiming in.
Answer: I don't have a free solution but Photo Frame will do what you're after. https://objectivehtml.com/photo-frame/settings
Comment: In the end Andrew I worked around the problem from a different direction, circumventing the resize issue entirely. But Photo Frame looks good, and I'll be bookmarking that for later reference. Cheers.
Comment: Hi Rick, how did you approach it in the end? Could you post as an answer please?
Comment: Not sure I should post it as an 'answer', because it isn't. But I took an entirely different (all-native) approach to the design challenge I had and found a way to reuse the existing image sizes that already existed in the database, even if they were smaller than I would like. However, the change of approach was significant enough that, TBH, I don't think my final solution still falls within the scope of the original question. Suffice to say that I did away with needing a minimum size by means of changing the page design.

Minimum size for image upload


Questions Per Day - Needs work

Question: There are 90 days left before Public Beta period is end but the 'Question per day' is still not healthy. What will happen if this situation continues when the Public Beta day ends?
Answer: The public beta started in April 2014.
From the relevant metrics the questions per day is the most concerning.
I see only a couple of action points, which any of us can do:

kindly inform the users via a comment that is is better to ask the question on StackExchange.
do not answer any Joomla-related questions on Stackoverflow
flag valuable questions to be moved to the Joomla Site (can be done by an SO moderator)
actively ask new questions and maybe also give the answer to the problems you currently face
Answer: We should definitely work to improve those statistics, but at the same time I don't think it's too much to worry about. A couple of months ago a post was published on SE Meta, addressing the issue of beta sites:

The TL;DR:
When a site starts to consistently receive 10 questions/day, we'll
  consider it for graduation. If a public beta site does not produce
  consistently helpful content, and lacks the caretakers needed for
  flags and spam to get handled and our Be Nice policy to be upheld, it
  will be closed. Is your site in between these two categories? You
  don't have anything to worry about. Regardless of how small the site
  might be, you have a home here in the SE network. Spoiler alert: As of
  this post, no site which is currently active is at risk of being shut
  down.

Right now, the site has 4.8 questions per day, this seems to vary quite a bit. The unanswered questions queue seems to be growing slowly, but I've seen many people putting lots of effort into making JSE a nice and clean site.
Answer: Where did you hear about 90 days left before Public Beta period? I remember reading a post ages ago about the new structure for Beta sites but can't remember it all.
Indeed the questions per day isn't doing well. The problem being is that there are lots of people out there still using Stack Overflow or the Joomla forum for support.
Only thing we can really do about the Stack Overflow user is ask them to post their question on JSE instead.
As for the Joomla forum users, I can ask to see if some sort of notification could be put on there, advertising JSE.
Comment: in here http://i.imgur.com/wxzONXE.png
Comment: Ah ye. That's an older message that's displayed from the beginning of a Beta site. It doesn't mean we have 90 days left of Beta ;)
Answer: Well for me the number of daily questions is a metric somewhat expected. Although if we manage to bring the questions that arrive in StackOverflow into here - and when I have the chance, I try for it - the daily questions metric will rise up, I still believe keeping a high number of quality and unique questions is a bit hard, while the topic is the same.
The topic will expand as Joomla is progressing and changing, with new features, new possibilities etc. Otherwise, there will be a point where almost everything will have been asked and replied.
So daily questions is not actually in our control... and we can't do much when Joomla users don't have that many questions non-answered already, here (or elsewhere).
Ok, probably questions will continue with their pace and so Joomla, will keep on progressing.
Whatever the case, what we can probably do, is to improve what it's already in our hands...
Clean up questions/answers, answer questions with no answers, post alternative answers to questions with some answers.

Questions Per Day - Needs work


Amazon Cognito - Unable to login after reset password for imported user

Question: I'm new to using Amazon Cognito on iPhone app and have been testing it using the example provided. I'm testing the import user function and having problem with it. The import was successful and reset password was required. As stated in documentation, I have to run through ForgotPassword function to change to new password. I've done this and status in my console is changed to "Confirmed". But when I try to login using the new password, I'm getting "Incorrect username or password". I'm sure my username and password is correct.
Anyone have this problem before? How can I fix this?
Comment: I have this exact same issue, did you end up solving it ? Here is a github issue referencing the same thing https://github.com/aws-amplify/amplify-js/issues/2602 more recently
Answer: It is unexpected. Once the user is confirmed, the user should be able to login with the new password. If the problem still exists, I suggest you to check the username field. Do you use phone number or email address as the username for signing in?


set the value for a checkbox using .prop

Question: So, I have in my script the following code to assign the value of several text boxes that is working ok.
However, when I attempt to assign the value of a checkbox, nothing seems to be set for the checkbox. I have tried using .prop and .attr, so I am thinking my entire approach is wrong.
Some help would be greatly appreciated.
Here is my unchanged code. I am trying to assign the value of the "#id_language_detail_multiple_languages":
    function setLanguageDetailsFormValues() {

    $('#id_language_detail_display_type').val('{{ language_details.language_detail_display_type }}');

    $('#id_language_detail_multiple_languages').val('{{ language_details.language_detail_multiple_languages }}');

    ....

Comment: Can you also post the HTML markup?
Comment: How are you checking if the value has been set?
Answer: If you want to assign the "value" of your text boxe, you will add to do something like this:
$('#YourId').attr('value', 'setYourValueHere')

If you want to have the value of your text box, just do:
var myValue = $('#YourId').attr('value')

That is the same thing for '.prop' !
If it wasn't what you wanted, be a little more specific or give us a http://jsfiddle.net/ :-)
By the way, you can also do:
if you go 1 checkbox:
$("input[type='checkbox']").val('yourValue');

Or just:
document.getElementById('yourCheckbox').value = 'YourValue';

If the value isn't set, it will return undefined, so be aware and check if it is !
Answer: Hi You can do it like following.Properties for checkboxes are different from textboxes.
$("#CheckboxID").prop("checked","True");
if you want to read the checkbox value use like following
$("#CheckboxID").prop("checked");

Thanks.


When was the OT canon as used by Protestants finalized?

Question: At what date (and/or event) was the Old Testament canon currently recognized by most Protestants finalized? What is the earliest occurrence we have of it being referenced in it's current form and who (or what event) announced it as finalized?
Comment: What Protestants do you have in mind, exactly, and what precisely do you mean by finalized ? Lutherans and Anglicans, for instance, do not really (dis)regard the Apocrypha in quite the same manner as modern Evangelicals.
Comment: @Lucian I think it's reasonable to expect a good answer to cover this as it is currently scoped and note those non-core differences along the way.
Answer: According to Talmud, the Tanakh canon (Protestant OT) was compiled in 450 BC, but modern scholars describe the development of the canon as a process occurring between 200 BC to 200 AD. First the Torah, then the Nevi'im, and then the latest is the Ketuvim.
Comment: The Canon recognized by Jews and most non-catholic churches are same. Some of the books came to light in 3rd Century gets added to catholic old testament. All the books and all content found in OT canon recognized by Protestants are found in Catholic OT canon as well.
Comment: @Jamess Could you define 'came to light'?
Answer: For a short answer to the question,

in 1647 the Westminster Confession of Faith was issued which decreed a
  39-book OT and 27-book NT, the others commonly labelled as "Apocrypha"
  were excluded.

You can see the statement in http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs.
For the long explanation, you can look at this wiki article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon
In Jesus' time there was no one universal canon for all Jews, but two competing ones, which I list below.
The Masoretic Text (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoretic_Text) formed the basis for the Protestant Bible, for example, and is what the Jews use as authoritative.
The Septuagint (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint) includes the deuterocanonical books, and was quoted by the Apostles and the Early Church Fathers, but that does not imply they they took it as being inspired, but they were familiar with them.
During Luther's time there were disagreements as to what to include in the OT, and this continued until 1647 when it appears the final change to the OT canon for the Protestant church was put to rest.
Comment: @Caleb - If you read the wiki article, they point out that in 1611 the King James version included at least parts of the Apocrypha, so it wasn't still a settled issue.  In 1647 seems to be the final word on what would be included, though Lutheran and Anglican bibles still had the Apocrypha, until the 20th century,  according to the article. You can read about Luther's Canon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther%27s_canon) to get more background on what Martin Luther wanted.
Comment: Was there a change in 1647 or some other close date that needed to be ratified? If so what was it? What specifically were the disputed books in Luther's time, who was doing the disputing, and did anything end up changing?
Comment: "decreed...the OT canon for the Protestant church was put to rest" How is that different than a dogmatic Council, in that its judgement is simply identical with the truth about Scripture, and nothing less than infallible?


Make a Passive Rigid Body Disappear

Question: I have a scene where balls are falling inside an invisible passive cylinder and after a moment I would like a larger ball for each color to squash them but I do not want to employ cell fractures because my cylinder is invisible so, is there a way to keyframe my ball containers and make them totally disappear so that my balls will explode all over the place?
Answer: I have figured out the answer to my problem. It seems you can keyframe a rigid body's collision group and so I did. by pressing I on the collision group layer and positioning your marker to the specific keyframe where you want your rigid body to not affect other meshes.

Make a Passive Rigid Body Disappear


WYSIWYG editor opens when edit products

Question: In the configuration I've enabled the editor: Enable WYSIWYG Editor = "Enabled by Default"
Is it possible, that the Editor is open when I start edit products without click on the button and open it in the box?
Answer: When you have the admin configuration setting: System -> Configuration -> Content Management -> Enable WYSIWYG Editor = Enabled by Default
This will enable the Show/Hide Editor toggle to be active by default when you are editing CMS pages and Static blocks. This setting does not effect the product editing screen.
If you want the WYSIWYG editor to open up automatically on page load for product editing (i.e. Short Description) you would need some custom javascript to 'click' the button on page load.  This would be an edit to the admin panel js of Magento and would most likely not be recommended.
Comment: Thank you for the answer. I saw editor extensions where the editor was always visible. Have anyone an idea how to edit the code, to show the editor without click?

WYSIWYG editor opens when edit products


14.04.01 LTS takes a very long time to boot (10 minutes or so)

Question: I have tried this on VMs and standalone machines and servers, and the problem is always the same. If I install Ubuntu 14.04 on a machine, and I update it to 14.04.1, the reboot takes a very long time (in the order of 10 minutes or so.) I removed the "quiet splash" on the Grub config, and then what I saw was that it was hanging on console stop/waiting etc. for a long time. Here's a screenshot (the garbled characters on the bottom of the screen was my failed attempt at screenshotting the problem on virtualbox VM. Note: I captured the problem on the VM, but I see the problem on standalone desktops and servers (14.04.1 installed on bare metal HW). The problem is an issue that Ubuntu should fix..
The next message I see on screen is 50 seconds later, plymouth-upstrart-bridge complaining (see screenshot below); and the following event logged is a good 40 seconds beyond that message. Something very bad is going on.
Does anyone know what the issue is? IS this something you have fixed? If so, where did you start? I am hardly a Linux/Ubuntu noob, but 14.04 is just about the worst OS I have installed in years. It is definitely not LTS material.
Answer: You can try removing peripherals one at a time until you get a suitable boot time, and then you will know what is causing the hangup.  I once had an issue where my USB headset would cause me to wait an extra 2 or so minutes booting up, and once I removed it my PC booted fine.  You might try looking through the boot logs to see if there is anything else that you may have missed.


Ordered admissions

Question: Considering the date shift procedure adopted in MIMIC-III (add a random offset for each patient), is there any way to identify ordered admissions or ordered patients records?
My intention is to split the dataset into two even halves, to be able to compare them, however, it must be ordered for this purpose.
Answer: See https://github.com/MIT-LCP/mimic-code/issues/442

If you simply want two large groups and knowledge that one group was admitted before the other, then it's feasible with the dataset as-is. You can split the data using the dbsource column in icustays. One group can be dbsource = 'carevue', and the second group can be everyone else. The CareVue group were admitted first.

Ordered admissions


Finding a limit results in division by 0.

Question: $$
\lim_{x\to0}\dfrac{\sqrt{1+x}-1}{x^2}.
$$
 Tried multiplying by $\sqrt{1+x}+1$ but got $1/(x(\sqrt{1+x}+1))$ where substitution results in $1/0$ which is illegal (or maybe $1/0$ is Infinity?). Second approach is to divide by $x^2$ which leads to the $\sqrt{1/x^2 +1)}- 1/x^2$. How to solve it?
Comment: excuse but if you set your exact example
Answer: Your first approach was spot on, though your conclusion is off a bit:
Multiplying  the numerator and denominator by the conjugate, as you suggest, and canceling a common factor of $x$ from the numerator and denominator gives us, as you found, $$\lim_{x\to 0} \dfrac{1}{x(\sqrt{1+ x} + 1)}$$ which at first glance seems to result in a "form" of $\frac 10$. This is not "illegal" when we're evaluating limits. However, in this case that the limit does not exist, since as $x\to 0^-$, $f(x) \to -\infty$, whereas as $x\to 0^+$, $f(x)\to +\infty$.
Conclusion: In this case, since the left-side and right-side limits to not agree, the limit does not exist.

Note:  It's not always the case that a limit of the form $\frac 10$ does not exist, in the sense that the limits from the left, and from the right, do not agree. For example, $\lim_{x \to 0} \dfrac 1{x^2} \to +\infty$, since as $x$ approaches $0$ from the right and from the left, the denominator is always positive (unlike your posted limit), and the denominator grows increasingly and incredibly small compared to $1$ in the numerator, and as a result, the limit approaches (positive) infinity (the value of the function explodes) as $x \to 0$.
The non-existence of a limit, or a limit approaching infinity as $x$ approaches a zero from both directions, is not the same as (or because of) "division by zero". Evaluating a limit as $x \to 0$ is not the same as evaluating a function $f(x)$ at zero. Here, we are interested in what's happening as $x$ approaches zero from the right and from the left, and not what's happening exactly at zero.
Comment: No, it's not accurate - since x, as $x \to 0$ from the left is negative, and so the limit as $x \to 0$ from the left is $-\infty$. From the right, x remains positive as $x\to 0$, so the limit as $x \to 0$ from the right is $+\infty$. When limits from either side of 0 do not agree, the limit does not exist.  I would write out an answer that notes the different results (approaching $0$ from left compared to the right), to explain why the limit does not exist. That way, you're covering your bases.
Comment: Thanks! Wolfram confirms You conclusion. But in my exercise book the answer is "Infinity". Is that not accurate answer?
Comment: @Amzoti Thanks for the support! :-)
Answer: $$\lim_{x\to 0 }\frac{\sqrt{x+1}-1}{x^2}=\lim_{x\to 0 }\frac{\sqrt{x+1}-1}{x^2}\cdot 1=\lim_{x\to 0 }\frac{\sqrt{x+1}-1}{x^2}\frac{\sqrt{x+1}+1}{\sqrt{x+1}+1}$$
$$=\lim_{x\to 0 }\frac{x+1-1}{x^2(\sqrt{x+1}+1)}=\lim_{x\to 0 }\frac{x}{x^2(\sqrt{x+1}+1)}$$
$$=\lim_{x\to 0 }\frac{1}{x(\sqrt{x+1}+1)}$$
If $x\rightarrow 0^- \Rightarrow \frac{1}{x(\sqrt{x+1}+1)}\rightarrow -\infty$, and
$x\rightarrow 0^+ \Rightarrow \frac{1}{x(\sqrt{x+1}+1)}\rightarrow +\infty$
Comment: How is it helpful to just completely solve the problem for the OP?
Answer: knowing $\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{1}{x}$
 does not exist,while $\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{1}{x^2}=\infty$
we compute
$\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{\sqrt{x+1}-1}{x^2}=\lim_{x \to 0}\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{x}}-\frac{1}{x^2}$
and we see that the limit does not exists
Answer: For $x\to 0, \sqrt{1+x}\sim1+\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{1}{8}x^2$ so that for $x\to 0^{\pm}$
$$
\frac{\sqrt{1+x}-1}{x^2}\sim \frac{1}{2x}-\frac{1}{8}\to\pm\infty
$$


Erc20 deployed on private Ethereum blockchain

Question: Is an erc20 token which is deployed on a private Ethereum blockchain of any value and is it possible? would it be smarter to deploy on another platform like fabric for permissioned/private blockchains?
Answer: Sure you can deploy it in your own network. Then it exists only within that network.
Tokens don't typically have value attached to them - value is only what the market thinks the value should be. And the token needs to be tradeable in some exchange to have value in relation to another asset (such as Ether or fiat).
It's rather difficult to say what would the the smartest thing for you to do - depends on your use cases.
Comment: Does exchanges accept tokens that are deployed on private versions of Ethereum?
Comment: No as the exchanges don't have access to such tokens (as they have no access to the blockchain). Only public tokens.