can you make marmalade using sous vide?

Question: Since making marmalade involves cooking fruit and pectin and juices at a particular temperature for a specified amount of time, can you use sous vide to mimic this process and make and can marmalade in this way?
Comment: Have a look: https://recipes.anovaculinary.com/recipe/sous-vide-lemon-ginger-marmalade Looks like "yes"
Comment: With sous vide you're not _mimicking_ the process, you're _actually cooking_ the fruit with heat - the only difference is the vessel.
Answer: It depends on what you are planning to do.
If you want to get shelf-stable marmalade without a strict canning process, the answer is absolutely no. This kind of marmalade means that you're basically cooking a concentrated sugar syrup, and you have to keep it at the boiling point in an open vessel for a sufficient time for the water to evaporate.
If you want to use a modern marmalade recipe for canning, the answer is also practically no. Canning recipes have to be tested for safety, and are only safe if prepared exactly as prescribed. If it is made for stovetop, you can't guarantee that all relevant parameters will stay the same. Theoretically, it's conceivable that some experts will design a recipe specifically for sous vide and will test it properly before publishing it. If you have found such a recipe and trust it, then you could follow it. But I think they are very unlikely to exist, given the cost/benefit ratio of both the design process and of making the marmalade itself.
If shelf stability is not needed, then the answer becomes yes. You can experiment away with cooking a marmalade in a sous vide machine, either starting from a traditional stovetop recipe, or designing your own. From the viewpoint of food safety, the result will have to be kept in the fridge and eaten within 5 days.

can you make marmalade using sous vide?


Is there a way to install Ubuntu next to Windows 10 , using Encryption and LVM without disk erasing?

Question: So I tried to install Ubuntu next to Windows by graphic installation wizard, but I can't mark 2nd and 3rd option without marking 1st one...

Erase disk and install Ubuntu
Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security
Use LVM with the new Ubuntu installation

Is there a way to not to "Erase disk" and install Ubuntu with LVM and encrypted next to Windows 10 with graphic methods?
edit :
First I've made 2 partitions ,then i installed Windows, then i tried to install Ubuntu but as You got standard graphic installation options I marked "Install Ubuntu alongside windows" and that effects with leaving "-Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security" and "Use LVM with the new Ubuntu installation" options UNAVAILABLE. Only when instead of installing alongside i mark "Erase disk and install Ubuntu" i'am able to use those two options i'am interested to. Please help :)
Comment: I highly suggest you read the install guide - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation
Answer: Of course.
You need to create an unallocated partition and then can install Ubuntu into that space.


Shooting a timelapse without any intervalometer?

Question: I know that most of DSLR can shoot timelapses by using software solutions, sparing the purchase of an intervalometer. My questions:

Any recommendation or suggestion about the software I could use (I'm using a Canon 7d)?
Are there any major downsides to this solution?
I suppose that the camera has to be connected to a computer through its USB interface. Any danger for the camera's battery?
A word about the final quality of that kind of solution?
Comment: A hardware option only costs $15USD - http://amzn.com/B003F69JBW
Comment: @dpollitt - It is not the same. Here I believe the asker is asking for a software to drive the camera and the other question is about a software to assemble a time-lapse which was already taken. Those are completely different software functions.
Comment: if you've Android phone/tablet, try DSLR Controller, it's very cheap considering the options it has
Comment: @dpollitt Yep but it's just for a one time thing; I'd prefer not buying anything, but thanks.
Also all these questions are more or less linked to the same specific things (timelapse shooting without hardware using a 7d), so I'm not that sure than splitting it into 4 questions is really a good idea.
Comment: Exactly.  Also this is a Canon question, while the one you are refering to is a Nikon one (before asking anything, I searched [canon] [timelapse] and didn't find the question you are mentioning). So I still think this question is revelant for photo.se ;)
Answer: You can do it using Magic Lantern software for your Canon.  In fact, there's a setting that will save you some shutter opens/closes.
http://vimeo.com/37084470
The camera does not need to be connected to the computer. There is no real danger to the camera.  Depending on how long the timelapse is, you may need to have the camera on a power supply, or use a battery grip with extra batteries.
Using the Magic Lantern software is straight forward, just follow the instructions.  http://magiclantern.wikia.com/wiki/Magic_Lantern_Firmware_Wiki
Comment: It seems like Magic Lantern doesn't have an intervalometer for the 7D yet
Answer: You can use the software "EOS Utility" that comes with the camera. The remote shooting function lets you do time lapse through a connected USB cable.
Advantage:

You have the space of the PC hard disk instead of the flashcard, which is most likely much larger. That is great if you take really long time lapses.
You can also see better what is happening and change settings, focus etc. If you take images with the intervalometer or magic lantern, you have to stop the time lapse first, check the images, then restart it. Specially over longer time lapses, the lens will unfocus unless you tape it in place. If you can look anytime at the current images, you can fix the focus if necessary while doing the shooting. With other solutions you have to look through the viewfinder and try to see the focus there.
You do not have to work with alternative firmware, which is daunting for some people, as when you use magic lantern.

Disadvantage:

You cannot take as fast sequenced images. I think the maximum speed is one shot every 10 seconds since the data has to be transferred through the cable between every shot (I guess). With an intervalometer you can go much faster (every second I think).

Other points:

In both cases, with software and intervalometer, you might need extra battery support.
There is no worry for your battery to connect the USB cable, since the USB cable does not try to charge your camera.
Final image quality in general is the same, except for the point that you can readjust focus when using a cable much easier.
Answer: If you have a Canon camera you can install what is called CHDK (Canon Hack Development Kit) onto your SD Card and then be able to load all kinds of great scripts to your camera. I do this for intervalometer scripts and motion detection on my canon point and shoot sx230hs. There is absolutely no need to buy an intervalometer at all!! http://www.intervalometer.org/chdk walks you through the best steps to load CHDK onto your Canon. Enjoy!
Comment: Same comments apply as to [the other place where you posted this same answer](http://photo.stackexchange.com/a/37338/1943). CHDK doesn't work on a DSLR, and also, why is this blog better than the [official CHDK wiki](http://chdk.wikia.com/wiki/CHDK)?


Android deep-linking. Intent doesn't reset when app is opened from history

Question: I have a problem regarding Android task and intent management.
Scenario

User gets a push with a deep-link into the app.
We show a notification putting the URI into the Intent Data.
User clicks the notification and is taken into the app and redirected to some Feature1Activity described by the deep-link.
User looks around, and backs out of the app.
Later, user opens the app from history (long-press home or multitasking button).
Now the same intent that were used from the notification (with the deep-link in the Intent Data) is used to start the app.
Hence, user is taken into the Feature1Activity again.

Problem:
Starting the app from history (long-press home or multitasking button) does not reset the Task (which it does when launching from app icon).
I understand that starting an app from history is not supposed to reset the task since it is intended to be used as "get-right-back-where-you-were". However, in my case this is an issue since the launch of the app from a notification is a one time thing.
Anyone else encountered this problem? Anyone know any solution?
More in-depth
The intent inside the PendingIntent is built like this:
Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.ActionView);
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_WHEN_TASK_RESET);
intent.setData (Uri.Parse (DEEP_LINK_URL));

I found out about the FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_WHEN_TASK_RESET just this day and really thought that it would git rid of my problem but it made no difference.
There are three activities of interest:
SplashActivity       (main launcher & listener of the deep-linking schema -- this activity just redirects either to login or OverviewActivity)
OverviewActivity     (authorized user's main activity)
Feature1Activity     (any feature that the deep-link is pointing to)

What happens when the user clicks the notification is that the SplashActivity acts as a listener for the schema and converts the deep-link url to two intents to start up OverviewActivity and Feature1Activity using Activity.startActivities (Intent[]).
When I look at the intent from the notification inside SplashActivity it always contain the deep-link in the Data.
One work around
There is a work around, setting some booleanExtra field to the notification intent (for instance "ignoreWhenLaunchedFromHistory" = true) and then check in SplashActivity before redirecting
boolean fromHistory = (getIntent().getFlags() & FLAG_ACTIVITY_LAUNCHED_FROM_HISTORY) == FLAG_ACTIVITY_LAUNCHED_FROM_HISTORY;

if (fromHistory && getIntent().getBooleanExtra ("ignoreWhenLaunchedFromHistory", false))
    // Don't follow deep-link even if it exists
else
    // Follow deep-link

Except that it hackish and ugly, can you see any problems with this work around?
EDIT: The work around only works when I am responsible for sending the Intent with the deep-link. Since no external source can know about the "ignoreWhenLaunchedFromHistory" extra.
Comment: I also have this problem and I'm using the same fix you are using. Have you found any other solutions?
Comment: Same here. I wish there was a simple way supplied by the android team to fix this issue. It becomes extremely hard when you are handling multiple deeplinks.
Answer: From what I get, maybe using android:excludeFromRecents="true"on your manifest (as a property for the Activity declaration) might ameliorate the issue?


Enterprise Architect: generate sequence diagram by attaching to a process

Question: I am using Windows 7, Enterprise Architect (EA) 6.5 and 32-bit Java 1.6.0_22
I am trying to generate a sequence diagram modelling externally run java program. For now I have been using a dummy java class run via command line to see if that's possible. I have got java class' source directory imported to EA. Package Build Scripts->Debug is set to "Attach" in order to attach to an external process.
My java class is compiled and run via cmd, after launching it waits for user input which gives me the time to attach EA to it. I run and compile java program with:
javac -g ClassName.java

//^ -g generates debug info, necessary to make EA "happy"
java -agentpath:"path_to_SSJavaProfiler65" ClassName

//^ agentpath allows EA to attach to the process
//Note: program must be run with a 32bit version of java, otherwise EA wont find it.
After running java program waits for my input. In EA I right click on launched program's method -> Generate Sequence Diagram
At that point EA pops out a window asking me to select a process to attach to. I pick the right one and EA attaches to it, printing out in System Output:
06/10/2011 14::43 debug starts for C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_22\bin\java.exe

//^ process running my java program
After entering input into the java program allows it to contiune and EA generates a beautiful Sequence Diagram for the method -> exactly what I wanted. Problem appears when I try to generate the diagram via debugger, which should allow me to model more than a single method's behaviour.
To do that I launch the java program in the same way as before, when it enquires for input I got to the EA, right click on package of the launched program (that's where the package scripts are set) -> Build and Run -> Debug Run. Again, I select the process to attach to. I get confirmation that it succeded. I enter the input into my java program to allow it to continue, and that's when EA produces error message:
Source file path loaded in module doesnt match, please rebuild

I have tried "Synchronize model with code", "Rebuild" both from cmd level as well as from EA, I also tried rebuilding and reimporting entire source directory. None of it helped. Any ideas what I might be doing wrong?
Any help would be highly appreciated as I already wasted a few days on this.
Thanks!
Answer: I found today this paper in the Communitiny news:
SparxSystems Community News.
Dont know whether it is compatible down to your version.
No chance to upgrade to 9.x?


Why is entanglement so important if it introduces dependent information?

Question: I still don't understand, why is entanglement such a crucial property of a quantum algorithm. If I understand it, it means that the information between different qubits is somehow correlated, which means redundant, at least in statistics.
Comment: Correlations are not redundant in statistics. To measure anything, one must use correlations to establish connections between the measurement devices and the actual parameters being measured. Without correlations, you could never use the readon on a thermometer to tell you anything about the temperature. The whole point of entanglement is how to use correlations in a clever way. What is redundant is measuring two separate variables that are 100% correlated (which may be useful for checking results, but I agree it is technically redundant).
Answer: Entanglement is more than just classical correlation, since it involves a level of correlation that does not exist at all in "classical" statistics.
If you consider a classical random process, like the flipping of a coin (in which "heads" is labeled by $|0\rangle$ and "tails" is labeled by $|1\rangle$), then spinning that coin can in many ways simulate a quantum superposition like $\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|0\rangle + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|1\rangle\right)$ since there's a 50%, or $|\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|^2$, probability of getting "heads" or "tails" (a quantum superposition can be more general than that, and even have imaginary numbers for the coefficients, but even then it's possible to model their current state using classical statistics).
Entanglement is more complicated than that, in a fundamental way. It means that if we have two systems which can each exist in states $|0\rangle$ or $|1\rangle$, then you cannot write the state as $|0\rangle|b\rangle$ or $|1\rangle|b\rangle$ for any state $|b\rangle$ even if $|b\rangle$ is in a superposition. This can be modelled by a classical computer, but in general, the cost would be exponential in the number of members in the entangled state.
Early in this website's life, I answered some similar questions:

What's the difference between a set of qubits and a capacitor with a subdivided plate?
If quantum speed-up is due to the wave-like nature of quantum mechanics, why not just use regular waves?


Effective refractive index can be equal zero?

Question: Can someone please explain the cases that the Effective refractive index $n$ on it can be equal zero? Does such a situation even exist?
I am trying to solve an ordinary differential equation to find the dispersion relation for Linearly graded index TM modes but in order to get a solution for the equation $n$ must be equal zero.
Comment: Even actual refractive index can be zero (https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.155410), sort of, in a narrow frequency range, and with huge losses in real life. So it is possible in principle, but not practical
Comment: that is mean there is a problem on my derivation ,, becouse there is no practical cases N=0 on it ??
Comment: I would suspect error before anything else, but zero and negative refractive index is, in principle possible (one has to be very careful about what that means though)
Answer: There are a few notable cases where permittivity (and hence $n$) can be zero for a specific frequency:

plasmas have their plasma frequency
electrons in metals have a plasma frequency, associated with their "plasmon"
polar optical phonons have their longitudinal oscillation frequency, associated with their "LO phonon"

To be clear, in all of these cases I'm assuming that permittivity has been defined so that all oscillating charges in the material's response are included. In all of these cases, a negative contribution to permittivity arises (some charge displacement is out of phase of the electric field) because of the inertia associated to the charge movements. This negative permittivity contribution just happens to cancel the regular positive background permittivity, for a special frequency.
Since all of these cases have losses, $n$ does not actually go to exactly zero. But, it's quite close, and when we idealize these systems it is sometimes appropriate to neglect the losses and just assume $n$ passes through zero.
In your case, I would advise that when you search for TM modes in whatever structure you have in mind, you should do a calculation including material losses, then allow for attenuation in your mode (either spatial or temporal attenuation, i.e., either complex $k$ or complex $\omega$). This is slightly more complex but it is more realistic, and as a bonus you get information about how good/bad the mode actually is.


Is the observable universe analogous to a white hole?

Question: My instinct is no, but my lack of understanding with respects to white holes doesn't tell me why. My thinking is this: The universe is expanding and the further away from us the faster it is expanding. Therefore, there is an event horizon from which nothing can reach us that is the edge of the observable universe. Things from within this boundary can and will cross that horizon disappearing from our view forever, their velocity away exceeding the speed of light, however the inverse is not true. Objects (or radiation) will not slow down to cross into the observable region (I believe). To me, this would be analogous to an outside observer of a horizon emitting matter/radiation which sounds like a white hole. Or would an outside observer even see a horizon? I'll leave it at this for now, but I am also curious about implications of an AMPS firewall at the horizon to an outside observer.
Answer: If u consider a dimension as a generalised reduction of field theories in a geometric way to conform to a gauge field in compactified dimension,and string like,then the quantum state of a energy field as a vector potential could be thought of as flowing symplectic form from a white hole like superluminal entity


15 inch Macbook Pro with Retina Display-dual Gateway monitors

Question: I am currently running dual monitors from a Gateway desktop. I would love to upgrade to a MacBook Pro, but would like to keep my two monitors. Is there an (easy) way to dual monitor non-Apple monitors from a MacBook Pro?
Answer: Certainly. The Retina MacBook Pro has one HDMI output and two Thunderbolt ports, so you can run the internal display and three external monitors as long as you can accept HDMI on your third monitor (with or without an adapter/converter).
Any mini-DisplayPort adapter from Apple will work from Thunderbolt in addition to adapters labeled as Thunderbolt.
Comment: From Apple http://support.apple.com/kb/SP653

Graphics and Video Support: Dual display and video mirroring: Simultaneously supports full native resolution on the built-in display and up to 2560 by 1600 pixels on up to two external displays, at millions of colors


A question about measuring radiation spectrum

Question: There are a lot of radiation spectrum detectors such as IR detectors and seems they provide power versus time.
But how is spectrum(power versus wavelength) obtained from power versus time information?
Answer: You calculate the Fourier transform. Given a time series $f(t)$ the Fourier amplitude in frequency space is
$$F(\omega)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty dt f(t)\:e^{-i \omega t}$$
$F(\omega)$ is in general a complex function (containing not only the amplitude but also the relative phase shift of each wave component at frequency $\omega$). Its absolute value $|F(\omega)|$ is the frequency spectrum and $|F(\omega)|^2$ the power spectrum.
You can find some basic explanations and examples here http://mriquestions.com/fourier-transform-ft.html (they use the variables $s(t)$ and $S(\omega)$ instead).
Below an example I encountered in my own work in the past (frequency spectrum of a nonlinear oscillation (ie. with modulated amplitude))

In practice (like for the example above) the time dependence is too complicated for a closed mathematical expression to exist for the Fourier transform, so it has to be calculated numerically. Many software packages for so called FFTs (Fast Fourier Transforms) exist. You can even do it in Excel (see https://youssef-lab.sdsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/FFT-Tutorial.pdf for explanations and instructions)
Answer: There are three ways:

Wavelength dispersive
Energy dispersive
Fourier

The first method uses a dispersive element like a prism or a diffraction grating. Than one can change the detector angle and measure a spectrum. Alternative, one has a detector with many pixels.
The second method is primarily used in gamma spectroscopy and for x-rays. The high energy photon then produces an electrical pulse that is higher for higher photon energies. Electronics can then measure the pulse-height distribution.
When the frequency is low one can do Fourier transforms directly. For IR there is the method with interference: scanning the length of a cavity.


Biosketch for New Researchers

Question: How do you describe your Research Support (part D of NIH's biosketch) if you've never been a named member of a grant?  For junior researchers, NIH provides helpful guidance here on parts A (personal statement) and C (contribution to science).  Certain applicants can skip the Research Support section (high school students, applicants for predoctoral or postdoctoral fellowships, applicants for dissertation grants), but what if you're none of those?  I don't want to leave it entirely blank, but I don't want to mislead reviewers.
Answer: I disagree with @Formite's answer. My perspective is mostly related to NSF grants and faculty applications, not NIH proposals, but it's very common and not at all bad for new faculty to have nothing to list for external support. Many people list their university start-up funds -- this is a good thing to do, since it shows university commitment. I think it would be seen as misleading to write down grants for which you weren't a PI, for example things that funded you as a graduate student or postdoc.
Comment: I asked various PIs who funded me throughout grad school, and they agreed with @Raghu that it was more accurate to leave the section blank.
Comment: Note that NIH-style sketches have a space for "Role" where you can specify non-PI roles, and that these grants show up eRA Commons.
Answer: I'm going to answer this by looking at my early biosketches and seeing what I did.
Basically, I very much doubt your research support section is blank. Research support is not necessarily just the grants you were the PI on, but any grant you have ever been funded on - so for example I listed the training grant I was on as a graduate student.
If you've never genuinely been funded in any way, then I would say leave it blank.

Biosketch for New Researchers


How to filter questions on waiting time?

Question: I was wondering if there is a way to filter questions on waiting time, i.e. searching for the oldest non-answered questions.
Is there an open database on Math SE which can be analyzed to get this kind of data?
Comment: Could you please clarify your question. The title is *average waiting time*, which suggests that you want to somehow calculate for how long a question remains unanswered. In the body of the question you ask how to find oldest unanswered questions. Those are two different questions.
Comment: Are you trying to look into how long questions take to get answered, or are you trying to look for what questions have been waiting the longest and are still waiting for an answer?
Comment: The [Stack Exchange Data Explorer](http://data.stackexchange.com/) may be of interest.
Comment: ah wow! thanks!
Comment: If you want to find the oldest [unanswered questions](http://meta.math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/unanswered-questions), you can simply view unanswered questions, sort them by newest and go to the last page: http://math.stackexchange.com/unanswered/tagged/?tab=newest
Comment: @MartinSleziak you are right. I edited the title to extend the question to a broader class of queries.
Comment: Both would be interesting. Arthur Fischer actually answered my question in the first comment, should I upgrade the comment to an answer?
Comment: I'd suggest that @Arthur should assume that honor, yeh.
Comment: Some related statistics: http://meta.math.stackexchange.com/questions/12131/distribution-of-time-to-first-answer-in-mathstackexchange
Answer: The Stack Exchange Data Explorer may be of interest for all* your Stack Exchange data exploring needs. Whether it be spelunking in the the comments, an archaeological dig through questions long since forgotten, or searching for strange oddities.
* (Well, not all. You won't be able to discover who has downvoted you... dag nab it!)
Comment: @AsafKaragila It's an *answer* with a *tag*, according to the database. An odd thing indeed, as if the request [About extending the tag system to answers, too](http://meta.math.stackexchange.com/questions/16681/) was implemented. The tag does not show up on the site, since the page-building scripts take only pieces they need from the database.
Comment: I don't get the oddity.
Comment: @Thursday: Ah. That's as odd as putting 2 lumps of sugar in your beer (and who said that 2 is not an odd number? [of lumps of sugar in your beer])...


Please someone explain the "opinion" close rules

Question: I do not understand why this thread will only generate opinions, not answers? Because no-one knows the answer, or because I expressed an opinion in the question?
Answer: Well, if I had to pick a close reason, I would have gone with unclear what you're asking. Good philosophical questions narrow down dilemma to a refined point. In this case, it's very difficult to tell what distinction you are trying to draw between someone who disguises themselves for the purpose of obtaining sex and someone who lies verbally instead. The unsourced Jed Rubenfeld quote of a sentence fragment doesn't help. In fact the whole mention of rape seems a red herring if I read the question correctly. What you really are asking about is the distinction (if any) between deceitful actions and deceitful words.
One way that the question is opinion-based is that you failed to specify an ethical framework. From the tags, I'm guessing you are interested in Peter Singer's view. But you don't seem to engage with that book or any other approach to applied ethics. All the systems of ethics that I know condemn deceit unless special circumstances intervene, but your question doesn't suggest any particular reason for not following the general rule of honesty.
Comment: ok thanks for the in depth answer - and yes i haven't yet engaged with the question much, but i asked the question so that i could ! i feel that the users of this site aren't stupid, or mean, but that they lack sympathy for people that ask questions
Answer: Not sure why it was closed as an opinion-based question either. I voted to close it because you were asking about whether a particular set of actions fit the definition of a particular word, which is just a definition, and the community has decided that questions that are only about definitions (especially about non-technical terms) are off-topic. There probably is one or more interesting philosophical questions closely related though.
I would also point out though that using profanity, even if you remove "*" out on of the characters, doesn't win you points.
Answer: Someone still needs to explain if "opinion" - is something an "opinion" question if it will likely generate opinion, or if there's no clear answer in the literature, of if it is worded as if an opinion was being asked for, or what?
It's not clear.
Comment: You've asked before for an explanation for downvotes on your posts. It has been explained to you. Please don't add several new questions that in the end boil down to the same thing. If you don't understand the previous explanation, ask for clarification or give it a rest.
Comment: http://philosophy.stackexchange.com/help/dont-ask
Comment: not very helpful "invite sharing experiences over opinions
insist that opinion be backed up with facts and references" any question that does not ask for an opinion can easily be rewritten that way :/
Comment: i do not understand how people are using that to rule to downvote or close my questions. i suspect that that the vote isn't being used in fair minded way
Comment: i'm not just asking about my questions, thanks


When would I use Facebook style fcbkcomplete instead of a multiselect dropdown?

Question: Is there any occasion when you should use the Facebook style multiselect textbox (as seen in fcbkcomplete or smarttextbox) compared to a regular multiselect dropdown / list box or a set of checkboxes?
Comment: for anyone coming to this question, the smarttextbox link sent me to a malware site
Answer: The most obvious case when to prefer such a component over a classical one is when the user is able to input something of their own that doesn't yet exist in the system (e.g. tag/classify some items).
This kind of input component works also as a direct way to both create new items and select those that already exist. The new items can then be (auto)suggested later on.
Answer: In addition to the advantage Jawa points out, the "smart" multiselect box also excels at allowing the user to select from an incredibly large number of results via filtering.  As the user types "cat" in the text field, the drop-down can display only entries containing "cat," instantly showing the user whether the field they're looking for exists.  If it does exist, the user can easily click or select it to add it to the box.  If it doesn't exist, as Jawa points out, the user can submit it as a new entry.
In summary, this control can save the user a lot of scrolling and searching through a large number of items.
Answer: I think it depends on how familiar the users are with the data collection.

fcbkcomplete is a neat and efficient way to select data from an
existing data collection if the user has a rather clear idea of what
s/he is looking for and thus is able to type (the beginning of) a
query that can be recognized by the system.
If, on the other hand, the user is unfamiliar with the data collection, a multiselect dropdown/list box might be the preferred user interface.

To comment on whether checkboxes might be the best option, I would need a more specific scenario description.
In terms of providing user feedback by displaying the selected data items, fcbkcomplete has the advantage that all (or at least more than one) of the selected items are visible at the same time, something which is not (necessarily) possible with dropdowns or list boxes.


How does one use (specically the wiring) the OV7670 camera with the Arduino Uno?

Question: If one could tell me where each of the pins on the back of the camera go to, that would be great. if someone added the code also that would be awesome.
Comment: Due to the extreme RAM limitations, "Arduino Uno" and "Camera" are words that generally do not belong in the same sentence, as only in very select applications can you accomplish something useful, and then rarely in a cost effective fashion.
Comment: Im using this type of camera. http://bit.ly/1yZEEAZ
Comment: As Chris Stratton already replied, SRAM is an issue. You can add easily 128KB for 3 euro. Normally a camera needs more (in GBs) and this might be tricky, you have to get into SMD and/or costly RAM (since cheap DRAM is a no go for Arduino).

However, you probably also will get into problems with the 16 MHz processor which is probably too slow to handle all the data in time.

Maybe an Arduino Due could be better, but I think you have to go to Raspberry or equal/more.
Answer: You need to connect A4 and A5 via pullup register to 3V and to I2C interface on Arduino Uno.
And you need to connect A7 to XCLK signal via 2 registers.
You can find schema and code in my blog: How to connect Arduino Uno and OV7670


How to structure project while unit-testing Qt app by QTestLib

Question: I got my Qt project and I'm using Qt Creator. I want to unit-test all my code.
However I'm quite new at QTestLib framework but everyone recommended it for testing Qt-based source. Now I'm a little confused how to structure test project with app project.

Can I put all source and testing code in same project? If so, how could I manage them? I didn't find any option that let me start app or start test in one project.
If I put app source and testing code in separate projects, the testing project will reference app project, that's not quite convenient.
For lots for classes required to be tested, how do I manage testing code?

How do you guys manage testing code in such a situation? Thanks.
Comment: if you give clear description of what you have done, you get my bounty :D
Comment: Sure. @UmNyobe, I finally deployed source and testing code in separate projects. The test project referenced same sources by pri file with relative path.
Comment: @UmNyobe, sorry for late reply, just check my post below
Comment: Any more new answers based on Cmake or QT 6 ?
Answer: First structure source like below:
MyApp
MyAppUnitTest

Under MyApp project, use a MyAppSrc.pri to locate source files:
SOURCES += \
    ../../../framework/src/myapp.cpp \
    ../../../framework/src/mycontrol.cpp

HEADERS += \
    ../../../framework/inc/myapp.h \
    ../../../framework/inc/mycontrol.h

INCLUDEPATH += ../../../framework/extlibs

Include this .pri in MyApp.pro like:
include(MyAppSrc.pri)

Then structure the testing project exactly like the main project, with one extra include in MyAppUnitTest.pro:
include(MyAppUnitTestSrc.pri)
include(../MyApp/MyAppSrc.pri)

Comment: With this approach, does the source code get compiled twice (once for MyApp and once for MyAppUnitTest)?
Answer: I use this approach: http://xilexio.org/?p=125
Namely, place a test config in the single .pro file that builds everything. File hierarchy:
myproject.pro
src/
    Example1.cpp
    Example2.cpp
    Example1.h
    Example2.h
test/
    ExampleTest.cpp
    ExampleTest.h

myproject.pro file:
QT += #needed modules

CONFIG += qt c++11

HEADERS += \
    src/Example1.h \
    src/Example2.h

SOURCES += \
    src/Example1.h \
    src/Example2.h

test{
    message(Configuring test build...)

    TEMPLATE = app
    TARGET = myapptests

    QT += testlib

    HEADERS += \
        test/ExampleTest.h

    SOURCES += \
        test/ExampleTest.cpp
}
else{
    TEMPLATE = lib
    TARGET = myapp

    CONFIG += plugin

    TARGET = $$qtLibraryTarget($$TARGET)
}

In my example, I'm building a plugin library, but the method should work for an app as well. In the case of an app, it is likely that SOURCES -= src/main.cpp is needed under the else clause, plugin libraries don't have it. If this is not done, the main() of the app will clash with the main() of the unit tests.
ExampleTest.cpp looks like the following:
#include "ExampleTest.h"

void ExampleTest::exampleTest(){
    //Do the tests
}

QTEST_MAIN(ExampleTest)

ExampleTest.h looks like the following:
#include <QtTest/QtTest>

class ExampleTest : public QObject {
Q_OBJECT

private slots:
    void exampleTest();
};

To build the project tests, in a separate directory than the regular build, run:
qmake path/to/myproject.pro "CONFIG += test"

Comment: So, how do i make qmake fall into that `test {Configuring test build...} ...` case?
Answer: I like the other answers but I would like to also give some feedback how we do this at the company I currently work for:

Create a subdirs project (this will be the top-level project that will manage ALL including your library project or whatever you want to test)
+-----MyProject (top-level subdirs)

Add your library projects as a sub-project
+-----MyProject (top-level subdirs)
          |
          +-----Library (library project, UI project etc.)

Add another subdirs projects (for the tests)
+-----MyProject (top-level subdirs)
          |
          +-----Library (library project, UI project etc.)
          |
          +-----Tests (subdirs for tests)

Create a QUnitTest project an add it to the testing subdirs project
+-----MyProject (subdirs)
          |
          +-----Library (library project, UI project etc.)
          |
          +-----Tests (subdirs for tests)
                  |
                  +----- TestA (QUnitTest project for testing feature A)

Add as many tests as you see fit
         ...
          |
          +-----Tests (subdirs for test)
                  |
                  +----- TestA (QUnitTest project for testing feature A)
                  |
                  +----- TestB (QUnitTest project for testing feature B)
                  |
                  +----- TestC (QUnitTest project for testing feature C)
                  |
                 ...
                  |
                  +----- TestZ (QUnitTest project for testing feature Z)

If you need to group test in groups you can also use subdirs to do that. subdirs also ensures creating of real directories in your file system. If you want to avoid too much subdirsing you can group the tests in folders that you have created on your own in your filesystem inside the Tests project folder.
Beside that I would also recommend to add a subdirs for template projects.
+-----MyProject (subdirs)
          |
          +-----Library (library project, UI project etc.)
          |
          +-----Tests (subdirs for tests)
          |           |
          |          ...
          |
          +-----Templates (subdirs for template projects
                      |
                      +----- TemplateA (template project for feature A)
                      |
                      +----- TemplateB (template project for feature B)
                      |
                      +----- TemplateAB (template project for feature A and B together)
                      |
                     ...
                      |
                      +----- TemplateZ (template project for feature Z)

This is of course based on your library's functionality. With template projects I mean custom widgets etc. that link against your library and expose selectively (or all) of its functionality in the way it's supposed to appear to the user. For example if you have a library that manages various camera devices you can create a template project for each camera device thus allowing for the users of your library to just copy-paste the specific template project and expand it or at least see how the integration of your library is supposed to happen in general. This allows reducing the documentation and at the same time giving nice self-contained examples that should reduce the development time that is otherwise spent in figuring out how the integration and usage of the library works (you can say it's sort of a set of Hello World projects :)). Last but not least you can outline solutions for different use-cases.
Answer: I use Qt Creator by CMake instead of qmake to build my Qt project.
Basically I have two folders:
src
tests

Each test is a program in itself testing a class. The app to be tested is compiled as a library.. You compile all your sources in the folder src as a library.
// ClassTest.cpp
#include "ClassTest.h"
#include "Class2Test.h" // Class of the app

#include <QtTest/QtTest>

ClassTest::ClassTest( QObject* parent )
    : QObject(parent)
{
}

QTEST_MAIN( ClassTest )
#include "ClassTest.moc"

You just have to link your lib to your test executable.
Example:
in the src folder CMakeLists.txt example
add_library( MyAPP
    SHARED
    Class2Test.cpp
)
target_link_libraries( MyAPP
    ${QT_LIBRARIES}
)

in the tests folder CMakeLists.txt example, for each test.
qt4_automoc( ${test_src} )
add_executable( ${test_name} ${test_src} )
target_link_libraries( ${test_name}
    MyAPP
    ${QT_LIBRARIES}
    ${QT_QTTEST_LIBRARY}
)

It is still in the same project but you can add a flag to let the user compile the test or not. It is clean because the app stays untouched and it allows you to test each class of your app.
Comment: a bit hard to read because of naming. What is a testclass and what is a class to test?


Pololu - connect motor supply ground and logic supply ground

Question: Is it okay to directly connect together the grounds of the logic supply and the motor supply when using a Pololu style stepper driver?

If yes/no, why so?
Answer: (This is more of an electronics.stackexchange.com question btw).
It is not only ok, it is absolutely necessary. The systems won't operate correctly unless all the gnds are tied together. Since this is a stepper motor, you don't have to worry about noise getting back onto the power supply lines for the logic supply, since the stepper board has a decoupling capacitor(s) to keep stabilize the power to the motors and the VCC of the logic supply will be unaffected by the GND of the other supply that its tied to.
Answer: That depends on how much noise you have on your motor power supply ground.  You definitely want the 100 µF capacitor to have a good high frequency response.  Motors turning on and off can be noisy, and that noise can cause false clock signals in your logic circuitry if you tie the grounds together.
Answer: I could not find a schematic of the Pololu A4988 stepper motor driver, but I did find a photo of the board that includes the ground planes for both the motor and logic.  On the reverse side of the board, they were not connected.  They should not be connected on the driver cards.
Instead, all the motor ground lines should be brought together at a point, and the Motor supply ground connected to that point.  The V-motor should also be run radially to each stepper driver and connected to the V-motor supply.
There should be a single connection point between the motor ground and logic ground.  No motor current should flow through any logic ground wire or circuit board trace.  The motors are switching high voltages and high currents.  If these currents pass through a logic ground line, they will introduce voltage spikes into the logic which can result in unexpected operation.
The 100 μF capacitor in the schematic is good for supplying low frequency energy needs, but it should be paralleled with a 1 μF capacitor and a 0.01 μF capacitor placed as close to the radial feed points as is practical.  A larger capacitor tends to have higher leakage inductance, which limits the high-frequency response.  A range of capacitors in parallel will perform better.
Comment: I can confirm that the motor ground and the signal ground are connected in the ground plane. See https://forum.pololu.com/t/a4988-gnd-question/6575
Comment: I'm not sure how to comment here.  The multiple driver board motor ground signals should be connected together and to the motor supply ground.  The driver board logic grounds should also be connected together and to the logic ground.  There should be s single connection between the two ground systems.
Answer:
Is it okay to directly connect together the grounds of the logic supply and the motor supply when using a pololu style stepper driver?

Most stepper drivers don't have separate ground pins for the logic and motor supplies. The two ground pins on the A4988 board you've shown are electrically connected on the board. The question is moot.
Comment: Circuitry like this may explain why a uninterupted power supply (UPS) with a surge protector isn't good enough during short power outages, because their power transition isn't as clean as a power conditioner.  I often get x and/or y offsets during power outages.
Comment: @PerryWebb Your comment seems completely unrelated to this question or to my answer.


How do I manually configure DNS name resolution on Ubuntu 16.04?

Question: I'm relatively new to Ubuntu, having previously used Debian and Red-Hat based distros. I'm trying to configure my Ubuntu 16.04 (KDE) desktop's DNS settings. The machine is running a DHCP client but I want to manually configure DNS different to the DHCP setting to allow me to point my DNS at a separate nameserver. The file /etc/resolv.conf contains:
nameserver 127.0.1.1
As I understand it, this is pointing to a local dnsmasq instance. I've read elsewhere that this can be disabled by commenting out the "dns=dnsmasq" setting in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf. I tried this and then manually edited resolv.conf. All seemed well until I rebooted, then resolv.conf pointed back to 127.0.1.1 and DNS no longer worked.
As background to why I'm doing this: I'm trying out a Samba 4 AD Domain Controller with SSSD on the Ubuntu client so the client must use the Samba machine's DNS, but I don't want to change my DHCP settings to point all clients at the Domain Controller.
Answer: I think you should make changes to interfaces file instead of NetworkManager.conf file. Add dns-nameservers to interfaces file.
location of interfaces file should be /etc/network/interfaces
I hope this should resolve your issue. If it does not, then post the contents of both the files here.


What are the length of ciphertexts when 16 bytes and 18 bytes of plaintext using ECB?

Question: What are the length of ciphertexts when 16 bytes and 18 bytes of plaintext are encrypted with AES using ECB mode?
Comment: Welcome. Hint: Consider PKCS#7 padding
Comment: also consider without padding... basically saying that padding will make a difference
Answer: The ECB mode operates on full blocks, and AES has a 128 bit block size.
Which means that if the input is not a multiple of 128 bit, we have to fill the remaining bits with something. Something that, in addition, can be used by the decryption function to figure out how many bits in the last block are actual data.
In practice, this requires at least one extra byte: if the last block has 16 bytes of data, we still need to encode the fact that there is no padding.
So, a 15 bytes message + 1 byte to encode the fact that there is no padding would fit in a single AES block.
A 16 bytes message needs an extra block. The extra block makes enough room for a 18 bytes message.


Is buying Options trading less than 100 stocks possible?

Question: As I understand I can just purchase options that trade 100 stocks.
Are there possibilities to buy, lets say, a put option to sell just 5
stocks at a given strike price?
Answer: In a few cases (but not many) yes. The SPX mini for example.
Comment: The underlying of Mini-SPX Index Options is Index (i.e. Points and Multiplier) so it does not relate to Stock Options (i.e. Number of Shares).
Answer: Traditional exchange traded options are for 100 shares.
There are post reverse split contracts that cover less than 100 shares but because of the adjustments, the terms of the contract have changed.  These are often complex and should be avoided if possible.
The CBOE introduced 1/2 a dozen or so mini options about 6-7 years ago but the public never took to it.
Answer: You can buy any option contract you want if you can find someone willing to take the other side of it; this is entirely common in real estate, for example.
In the case of publicly traded stocks, however, option contracts are standardized specifically so that they can be reduced to a simple code (I happen to be involved in some SFL   200515P00010000) and routed through automated trading and clearing systems. Based on experience, the institutions developing the standards decided that the standardized contract would be for 100 shares of the underlying, at certain prices (you usually can't trade an option at strike $11.21), expiring on certain days (Fridays, especially third Fridays). If you want to use public exchanges, it's take it or leave it. This dramatically reduces the transaction costs and thus improves liquidity.
(There are a few exceptions, such as when the contracts have to be "adjusted" for splits or similar, and "mini" options as @Philip mentioned, but in general, what's available is standard or nothing.)
Comment: @rantanplanthesecond _Standardization_ is what reduces transaction costs; there's nothing to negotiate, and automated systems can handle the transactions (or even trade on their own). The exchanges _could_ have selected 10-share contracts, but traditionally, ["round lots"](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/roundlot.asp) of shares have been in quantity 100, and the options contract was selected to match.
Comment: @rantanplanthesecond (As for why "round lots" of 100, it is mostly a matter of matchmaking efficiency. Before computerization, if you wanted to sell 37 shares and I wanted to buy 19, it would be a lot of work to match up orders to make everything balance. Encouraging trading in units of 100 reduced the chances of difficulty in matching counterparties.)
Comment: Thx for the clarification. But why does it reduce transaction costs? If the standard was 10 shares, coudn't I set one order to buy 10 options each trading 10 shares? Wouldn't a 10 share standard render more liquidity?
Answer: The Options Clearing Corporation and the rest of the industry went through an initiative a few years ago to standardize options symbols (the Options Symbology Initiative or OSI) so that they could support mini options.  These would be typically for 10 shares rather than 100, and many exchanges offered reduce fees for mini options over regular options... except Amex.  It ran for a while but the volume didn't pick up, so it was abandoned.
Today, any option for less than 100 shares is usually called an 'adjusted series' which often results from some kind of corporate action in the underlying stock.  Market makers are not obliged to quote them, so liquidity is poor.
Answer: No but you can buy a spread (buy a put and sell a cheaper put) if you are looking for a cheaper trade than just buying the put. However, your profit is more limited and it takes time to realize the maximum profit


Wiring in unfinished garage

Question: What would be my best option for new wiring in my unfinished garage? It has concrete walls with trusses for the roof structure. There is currently MC cable ran. Would i be better off running THHN in conduit or just run new MC cable?
Answer: THHN in EMT is generally less expensive than MC, and much more capable as well (i.e. MC is what it is - cable, 12/2 or 12/3 or whatever, while 1/2" EMT can support up to 4 circuits on 12 or 14 gauge (more wires than that on 14 gauge but you run into derating issues which make sticking to 4 the safer bet for planning.)
If your needs are simple and you don't care to learn the fairly simple process of bending EMT, sticking with MC may be better for you, though personally I find the process of cutting it more annoying than bending conduit for most purposes, but when snaking through joists or the like, the flexibility of cable is a temptation.
Out on the face of concrete walls, or along/under/above trusses I'd choose EMT 10 times out of 10.
Comment: Thanks for your reply. I was leaning on the thhn and emt conduit. Bending it with the pipe bender will not be a problem. Was thinking #12 wiring. Wanted to wire a couple 2 gang boxes.
Comment: There are plenty of 90 degree elbows and arcs and other shapes such that bending may not even be necessary.
Comment: ...if you want to pay more for one 90 degree elbow made from 18" of conduit than 120" of conduit costs, sure.

Wiring in unfinished garage


What's this spring-like structure in the plant parenchyma cell?

Question: I observed a transverse section of an amaranth stem in biology lesson today. When I boost the magnification to 600X, I found this spring-like structure in one of the parenchyma cells near a vascular bundle. I could only find one of these in the section. Can anyone tell what structure is it?
Answer: It looks like a part of a xylem cell (particularly vessel). Take a look at pics in wiki article. Another good example is here on pic. 36. Possibly you have dragged a part of it during cutting. So it is presumably not a part of parenchyma cell.
Comment: I came here to ask the same question. Thanks for the answer and links!


Does Socratic intellectualism suppose that no one is evil?

Question: Since one will always do what one believes is right.
Comment: [No One Errs Knowingly/No One Errs Willingly](https://iep.utm.edu/socrates/#SSH2cii): Socrates famously declares that no one errs or makes mistakes knowingly (*Protagoras* 352c, 358b-b).  Here we find an example of Socrates' intellectualism.
Comment: When a person does what is wrong, their failure to do what is right is an intellectual error, or due to their own ignorance about what is right.  If the person knew what was right, he would have done it.  Hence, it is not possible for someone simultaneously to know what is right and to do what is wrong.  **If someone does what is wrong, they do so because they do not know what is right**, and if they claim they have known what was right at the time when they committed the wrong, they are mistaken, for had they truly known what was right, they would have done it.
Comment: To follow Mauro's post that is where Hanlon's Razor comes in: "Never attribute malice to that which can be explained by stupidity (ignorance)." and yet in matters of law there comes a time where these propositions are not or cannot be taken into consideration as such! Where does one draw the line in order to truly know?
Answer: Socrates held that no one is evil on purpose. If it happens that one is evil is due to ignorance of what is good in each case.
This attitude is common in various philosophies based on the virtue of knowledge, including Indian philosophy.
Thus one even if evil can be made virtuous by acquiring proper knowledge
Socrates claimed that the famous oracle of Delphi appointed him the task to examine the concepts people held as true. Socrates could do that because he was aware of his own ignorance, thus by carefully examining what people thought about certain things and using proper rules of reasoning, both him and the other person would arrive at the truth. Thus the person would acquire true knowledge and thus become virtuous.
This was called the midwife method by Socrates, because like a midwife, it only helped the other person arrive to the truth which is already inside.
This was taken further by Plato, in the sense of the theory of eternal forms which represent eternal truth. Since truth is eternal and unchangeable, there is no learning of novel truths, only remembering of already existing ones..
Comment: Some people seem to have forgotten a lot.


Fiddler - Detect if data was GZipped

Question: Using Fiddler2, how can I detect if the response stream was in fact GZipped?
Answer: With Fiddler, simply click the Inspectors tab, then click the Transformer response inspector. It will tell you exactly what encodings have been applied.
Be sure that the "AutoDecode" option isn't checked in the Fiddler toolbar.
Answer: There is a special magic marker that denotes a gzipped archive, the first two bytes, namely 0x1f and 0x8b tells it is a gzip archive. The RFC 1952 will give more information on this.
You can find out more by checking wotsit and also on wikipedia.

Fiddler - Detect if data was GZipped


What kingdom did pandavas have at the first place?

Question: If kurukshetra war was to reclaim the lost kingdom of the pandavas then what was this kingdom which pandavas ruled before battle of kurukshetra?
Answer: Pandavs did not have any kingdom before war.
When Pandavs lost everything in चोसर (gambling) and they were to condemned to 12 years of exile into forests and a 13th year to be spent incognito.
So During the 12 years of exile in the forest, they prepared for war.
Answer: Yuddishthir was chakravartin samrat that means he was king of India and his capital was Indraprasth. He lost everything to Duryodhan in gambling.


The Admin Dashboard Div

Question: How can I style and add new divs in the admin dashboard area inside of the wpbody div under the Dashboard Tab? I would like to insert a new div in the wpbody div...
Answer: You can use wp_add_dashboard_widget function:
wp_add_dashboard_widget($widget_id, $widget_name, $callback, $control_callback = null)

This Codex article should help you: http://codex.wordpress.org/Dashboard_Widgets_API
Comment: Link only answers are discouraged. If something happens to that link this answer becomes useless. Your answer should be able to stand on its own.
Comment: Well. It's link to Codex. If this link disapears, then I don't think that this solution will work anymore either ;)

The Admin Dashboard Div


Art of writing poems?

Question: What are the paramount factors on which every poem depends? What are the things must for a poem to consist?
Despite its source and poet
Comment: Welcome to Writing.SE *Vimath*! The goal of StackExchange is to provide a database with concrete questions that have concrete answers that will be able to help a wide variety of people. Critiques would surely help you personally, but there is no value for a bigger audience in the review itself, which is why they are off-topic. Therefore I am voting to put your question temporarily on hold until you [edit] it in such a way that there is a question that aligns with our guidelines. If you have a moment please take the [tour] and visit the [help] to learn more about the site. Have fun!
Comment: I retracted my vote to temporarily put this question on hold. Thanks for the edit! (We have some rules that are difficult for beginners. If you have questions don't hesitate to ask, for example on [meta] or simply by notifying a user in a comment by writing an "@" in front of their username. It even autocompletes.)
Answer: A poem that attempts a certain established form must follow the principles of that form, but there are no rules for a poem in general.
Poetry may

rhyme
have a (certain) metre
employ figures of speech

but it doesn't have to.
Poems can be only one letter long, use visual, haptic, or material elements, and poetry can even be unreadable to humans, as Genco Gulan's QR code poem.
Poetry is whatever a poet indends to be poetry.
Comment: I personally write poems to reflect my life's experiences. How I can make it more attractive and equally understandable for the audience......what role do they play then(the audience) if poetry is whatever a poet intends to be poetry.
Comment: @Vimath That is a different question than the one you have asked here. Maybe you want to open another question that asks about how to make your poetry more understandable and accessible to your readers?
Comment: Pardon but I wanted to ask whether audience plays a part in poetry ......if yes, then should writer consider their feelings while writing poems....if yes then he may not be able to express properly.....
Comment: @Vimath Just ask a new question asking whether audience plays a part in poetry.

Art of writing poems?


Can we define rms current for pure inductive and capacitive ac circuit?

Question: For a purely inductive and capacitive ac(sinusoidally varying) circuit, average power dissipated across a capacitor or an inductor is zero. Then does that mean RMS current is zero?
Answer: No. The RMS current cannot (integral of a positive function).
The circuit receives power for half a period and returns it during the other half period so that the average power is zero.
Comment: What about RLC circuits where inductor, capacitor and resistance are in series? Can we define RMS current for RLC circuits?
Comment: You can always define RMS current : $\sqrt{\left\langle {{i}^{2}} \right\rangle }=\sqrt{\frac{1}{T}\int\limits_{T}{{{i}^{2}}dt}}$ In the case of the RLC circuit, the circuit receive  power for more than half a period and returns it during less than half period so that the average power is positive (Joule effect in the resistor).
Comment: But as mentioned by @Steeven in the other answer, mathematically speaking RMS current cannot be zero. Doesn't this lead to a contradiction? Or is it that RMS values are defined only for purely resistive circuits and their values are then used as references for the ac sources?
Comment: Maybe you are making a confusion between zero power and zero current ? You can have a non zero rms current and a non zero rms voltage but a zero mean power. It is important to note that we are speaking of mean power : averaged over a period. instantaneous power is non zero even for an inductor or a capacitor.
Answer: No. The RMS value means root-mean-square. Read it from right to left and there is the recipe:

Square the values: $x_i^2$. Now, non are negative (what was negative has now been flipped to the positive side).
Take the arithmetic mean/average of these squared values: $\sum x_i^2/n$ ($n$ is the number of values). Since no values are negative, this average can't ever become zero.
Take the square root $\sqrt{\sum x_i^2/n}$. This sort-of "cancels out" the initial squaring, so to say. The final result is a number that is something like an average that ignores any negative signs there may have been to begin with.

$$RMS=\sqrt{\frac{\sum x_i^2}{n}}=\sqrt{\frac{x_1^2+x_2^2+\cdots +x_n^2}{n}}$$
This RMS value can never be zero unless all the values $x_i$ are zero. If just one of them is non-zero (regardless if positive or negative), the RMS becomes non-zero (and non-negative).
Comment: You have given a mathematical explanation, I need an explanation in terms of physics. Thank you.
Comment: @shesin I'm not sure what you are looking for. RMS is a mathematical representation of something physical. There are moments of high current, zero current, high opposite current (negative). The variation is called a sine curve. It is not easy to calculate much with a sine curve; sometimes we need some kind of a single number that represents the sine curve. You can pick the arithmetic or geometric average, the RMS, the amplitude, the peak-to-peak (double amplitude) etc. No matter what you pick, you are now working with a mathematical representation and not with the original true behaviour.
Comment: thanks for the answer. RMS current in an AC circuit is defined as the equivalent dc current that leads to the same energy dissipation. For purely inductive or capacitive circuits, average power and hence average energy dissipated for a whole cycle is zero and hence if we equate the energies, it should mean RMS current is zero or undefined as there is no resistance in this case. But mathematically speaking RMS current cannot be zero if current at any instance is non zero (as mentioned by you). This leads to a contradiction. Can you kindly look into this.
Comment: @sheshin I think you are missing a small crucial detail in the definition. From [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_mean_square) citing [A Dictionary of Physics](http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199233991.001.0001/acref-9780199233991-e-2676): "*For alternating electric current, RMS is equal to the value of the direct current that would produce the same average power dissipation **in a resistive load**.*" In a resistor, dissipated power adds up rather than cancel out for positive and negative currents. The average of AC power across a resistor is non-zero


Why is helicity important in quantum field theory?

Question: What makes helicity an important quantity in quantum field theory? I know that one can classify particles by mass and spin. For particles without mass one uses helicity (correct me if this is wrong). Is this the only thing that makes helicity important?
Comment: "important" is a rather vague notion in physics - most things are "important" for *something*, could you be more precise about what you want to know? More on helicity & friends: https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/232591/50583, https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/46660/50583
Answer: Helicity is the quantity by which we characterize massless particles. The root of this statement is based on the fact that mathematically the free particles are defined as the irreducible representations of the Poincare group (which just reflects the fact that our world is (locally) Poincare-symmetric). Within this definition, massive particles are characterized by the mass and the spin, but for massless particles both of these quantities (squared) vanish. In the latter case, however, the spin 4-operator is parallel to the 4-momentum, and the proportionality coefficient is essentially the helicity. It is the only quantity by which we characterize massless representations (so your statement in the question is true).
Precisely, if we choose the given helicity of the massless particle, we automatically obtain the equations of motion for the corresponding field representing the particle. And as you know, the free theories in the QFT are the key for making the calculations based on perturbation theory, with its propagators and so on...
That's why helicity is so important.


mix room alignment -32dbfs/85 db spl or -20dbfs/85 dbspl

Question: On a paper from AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY (italian section)(paper GTC010),I read about the setting of loudspeaker to mix for theatrical,
to align a -32dbfs to make corrspond to 85 db SPL, but everywhere here on internet in many threads i read -20 dbfs to 85 db spl,
can anyone clarify this point?
 what is the right setting of my loudspeaker to start any mix
Answer: The most common standards are -20 and -18, there are some people who use -22 though. It's an issue of how much head room you want while you're mixing. You can mix to whatever reference you like, just know that it will affect your mix decisions. For example, if you mix to a -22 reference your mix will likely be quieter than if you mixed it at a -18 reference.
Setting your digital/electrical reference level to match a specific SPL is also partially dictated by the volume (meaning size...you know, length X width x height) of the room you're mixing in:
<code>Greater than 20,000 cubic feet (566 cubic meters) - 85dB-SPL
10,000 to 19,000 cubic feet (283 to 565 cubic meters) - 82dB-SPL
5,000 to 9,999 cubic feet (142 to 282 cubic meters) - 80dB-SPL
1,500 to 4,999 cubic feet (42 to 141 cubic meters) - 78dB-SPL
Less than 1,499 cubic feet (41 or less cubic meters) - 76dB-SPL
</code>
Comment: Sorry to be a pedant here but calibratin topics can often lead people astray with ambiguities. Shaun, you mention peak at -20 or -18 being standards but don't you mean the level of rms pink should meter there, as opposed to peak metered pink noise?
Comment: @Brent_in_Sydney - no. anytime you're talking about calibrating to a standard (either monitors to dB-SPL, or electronic trims to voltage), you're talking about peak levels...not RMS.
Comment: But as I understand it, pink noise doesn't have a peak value, it flexes over time hence all the discussion of correlated vs decorrelated, so convention is to always discuss pink in rms values:
http://www.meyersound.com/pdf/cinema_technical_papers/cinema_calibration_tech_report.pdf
Comment: @Brent_in_Sydney - Doh! You're correct on the pink noise point. Thanks for the fact checking!
Comment: No stress, I don't mean to be an ass - it's just that room calibration is a topic near and dear to my heart :))
Comment: @Brent_in_Sydney - no stress received. honestly, i look back at that and wonder what made me put "peak" to begin with. i should know better. ;)
Answer: In a normal theatrical environment/stage it should be either -18dBFS = 85dBSPL or -20dBFS = 85dBSPL (I believe -20 is the commonly-accepted standard now).  For TV its the same but to 79dBSPL.  I'm curious where the 32 comes from.  That's a very oddball number unless There's something I'm missing entirely.
Answer: -20 dB Full Scale is the commonly accepted standard.
Comment: that's ITU reference level, yes?
Answer: I believe I located the paper you were referring to (in Italian):
http://www.atic-ntc.org/Notizie/Gestione%20del%20Suono%20nella%20Produzione%20Audio%20per%20la%20Cinematografia.pdf
Section in question:
Osservazione: Dopo aver studiato il problema e misurato
rumori reali in ambienti dal vero, e quindi indicativi delle
esigenze di dinamica di un film, si è rilevato che è
consigliabile fissare una corrispondenza tra un rumore rosa a
85 dB SPL (pesato C) nel punto di ripresa, limitato in banda
(20 Hz, 20 KHz), e un livello RMS digitale equivalente a
quello fatto segnare da una sinusoide a -32 dB FS di picco. I
parametri di allineamento qui riportati sono da considerarsi
validi non solo per la presa diretta ma anche per la
registrazione di musica, effetti e doppiaggio. Sarà poi in fase
di mixage che tale dinamica, realistica, sarà adeguata agli
standard di consegna del prodotto. Tale indicazione di
massima può ritenersi un utile punto di riferimento, che
favorirà ampia dinamica e lavorazioni di postproduzione
omogenee e agevoli dal montaggio al mix. L'audio
cinematografico non e' neppure in grado di riprodurre
realisticamente picchi quali quelli prodotti da un semplice
battimano, che presenta appunto picchi di 30 dB superiori a
quelli del dialogo, richiedendo almeno 20 dB di headroom in
piu'.
I was able to get a rough online translation:
...it was noted that it was advisable to attach a correspondence between a pink noise at 85 dB SPL (weighed (C) at the point of resumption, limited in bandwidth (20 Hz, 20 KHz), and a RMS level digital equivalent to that reported by a sinusoid to -32dB FS peak...
I also have never heard of -32 dBFS as a reference level  - in the US we almost exclusively use -20 and EU almost exclusively -18. I woud be interested to understand more from this paper and see what the author's basis is.  If someone could translate that would be great. Thanks.
Comment: it mention an equivalent rms of 32 dbfs peak to peak so it is not a 32 but 32/1,41 = 22 dbfs i think
Comment: -32 / 1.41 = -22, and with the fact that your average VU meter is off by 4db, you get -18dBFS at 85 dB SPL? And then you look at the size of your room and lower to 79 or even 73?
Comment: oh, and the sinusoid, not all rms meters read the same if you change that to a more complex wave...
Answer: thats the document, it mention 32 dbfs peak to peak not rms.


How did Harry know that his mother's Patronus was a doe?

Question: In chapter 36 of Deathly Hallows, Harry points out that Snape and Lily's Patronuses match. How did Harry ever know what his mother's Patronus looks like?
Comment: Snape used the doe as proof that he was in love with Lily. Since the patronus sometimes takes the form of a patronus that belongs to someone you love, you don't need to be a genius to figure it out.
Comment: Didn't someone point it out when Harry's patronus showed up as a stag?
Comment: @MichaelRichardson Source?
Answer: He Doesn't
Harry has no specific proof that Lily's patronus was a doe.  He's basing that assumption purely on the fact that HIS patronus is a stag, which is based on his father. (Lupin points out the similarity in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban) He assumes Snape's patronus is Lily/Lily's patronus because, to Harry, his Father's deer Patronus would be matched by his mothers, who being a woman would have a female deer (ie: doe).  Once he relives the famous "Always" scene, he assumes that, like Tonks, Snape's patronus takes its form based on Lily's, whom Snape still loves.  Apparently Rowling has confirmed Lily DID have a doe patronus on Pottermore, but there isn't any proof given in the books or the movies.


Pass touch events through zone in a moving UIView

Question: I need to make some sort of tutorial in my app. The idea is that the user sees kind of a transparent but slightly darkened overlay with a hole in it. This hole is the only zone that lets touches through. The solution to this problem is simple — you just have to implement - (UIView *)hitTest:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event or even - (BOOL)pointInside:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event where you check the zone and pass through only the touches you want to pass through.
Then, for instance, this view starts to move. The movement is caused by some basic animation like this:
[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 delay:0.0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionAutoreverse | UIViewAnimationOptionRepeat animations:^{
  self.tutorialHoleView.center = CGPointMake(self.tutorialHoleView.center.x-160.0, self.tutorialHoleView.center.y);
} completion:nil];

You would expect a view to keep passing touches only in a specified zone but that's not true — here we are talking about the self.layer.presentationLayer property of the view. So, you need to create a superview where you do something like this:
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
  for (UIView * subview in [self subviews]) {
    if ([subview isKindOfClass:[ETTutorialFlashlightView class]]) {
      ETTutorialHoleView * tutorialView = (ETTutorialHoleView *)subview;
      CGPoint point = [[touches anyObject] locationInView:self];
      CGRect presentationFrame = [tutorialView.layer.presentationLayer frame];
      if ((point.x >= presentationFrame.origin.x+presentationFrame.size.width/2.0-75.0) && (point.x <= presentationFrame.origin.x+presentationFrame.size.width/2.0+75.0) && (point.y >= presentationFrame.origin.y+presentationFrame.size.height/2.0-75.0) && (point.y <= presentationFrame.origin.y+presentationFrame.size.height/2.0+75.0)) {
        [self.tutorialView touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event];
      }
    }
  }
}

Also, I've made this to pass touches to my superview:
self.tutorialHoleView.userInteractionEnabled = NO;

Surprisingly, this doesn't work at all. It doesn't pass tap events, not to speak about swipe events which I need to be passed too. So, my question is — how do I pass touch events through a specific zone in a moving UIView? Is that even possible?
Answer: add this in options of animation block, UIViewAnimationOptionAllowUserInteraction.
UIViewAnimationOptionAllowUserInteraction      = 1 <<  1, // turn on user interaction while animating

This will invoke your touchesBegan method, but at the end frame only not the touches that are in the frame while moving.


Oops left baby back ribs on warm instead of low for 7 hrs

Question: Would the meat still be ok to eat if I cooked it on low for another 8 hrs after being on warm for 7 hrs?
Comment: I really don't think that's a good choice for a duplicate. That question is asking about using the warm setting *after* cooking it, which is actually OK, as opposed to using the warm setting *instead* of cooking it, which is a hospital visit waiting to happen.
Comment: agreed this isn't a duplicate. leaving cooked food on warm is fine. uncertainties on leaving uncooked meat on warm - that's like letting raw meat sit out in the heat
Answer: You have essentially incubated the food for 7 hours, positively encouraging growth from any existing fauna or pathogens.   You should definitely discard.
Answer: While that will kill any remaining bacteria, it won't remove their waste products which have been produced up to that point.
Please ask yourself this question: is saving a little money worth the (high) risk of getting food poisoning?
Comment: Don't be so sure that it will even kill the remaining bacteria; posted cooking times are based on maximum levels of bacteria typically found in properly-stored foods; although they die at an exponential rate at high temperatures, they also grow at an exponential rate at warm temperatures. Bacterial toxins are probably the more dangerous risk, but after 7 whole hours of incubating I wouldn't be surprised if there were still an unsafe amount of bacteria left after cooking it. Some types are more heat-tolerant than others.


Should we gloat at the people that God does not love?

Question: Should we gloat at the people that God does not love, given that we do not love those people, especially if God does not love them because we do not (which may sound a little presumptuous)? Is that a Christian attitude?
Comment: It sounds like you are going through a tough experience.  Please read the 1st Letter of John: it says If we confess our sins he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.  It says God is love.  Romans says "God demonstrates his love for us in that while we were still sinners Christ died for us." Romans 5:8.  Do not understand what Christianity is by the behaviour of those who profess to be Christian, understand it direct from reading the Bible.
Comment: "especially if god does not love them becasue we do not" Huh?? Why would you think that?
Comment: No we should not gloat because we ere once sinners like them and received salvation through grace lest anyone should boast
Answer: The Apostle Paul wrote against the conceit and boastfulness of those who used their understanding  of their own salvation to look down upon others. In the following he speaks of Christians looking down upon the Jews who rejected the gospel as natural branches that were cut off the tree. This lesson applies to more than Jews.

But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, although a wild
olive shoot, were grafted in among the others and now share in the
nourishing root of the olive tree, do not be arrogant toward the
branches. If you are, remember it is not you who support the root, but
the root that supports you. Then you will say, "Branches were broken
off so that I might be grafted in." That is true. They were broken off
because of their unbelief, but you stand fast through faith. So do not
become proud, but fear. For if God did not spare the natural branches,
neither will he spare you. Note then the kindness and the severity of
God: severity toward those who have fallen, but God's kindness to you,
provided you continue in his kindness. Otherwise you too will be cut
off. And even they, if they do not continue in their unbelief, will be
grafted in, for God has the power to graft them in again. For if you
were cut from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and grafted,
contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will
these, the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive
tree. (Romans 11:17-24, ESV)
Answer: God offers just such an 'agreement' to every single person through Jesus Christ.  "Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and you will be saved".
One may, indeed, know that they have eternal life and this knowledge comes in abandoning what one can accomplish for themselves regarding righteousness and trusting only in what Jesus has accomplished.
The apostle Paul was quite certain that he was bound for heaven but this knowledge did not cause him to boast.  Instead, he pleaded with people to be reconciled to God through Christ.  He instructed those who believed in Jesus, those who were assured of salvation, not to think of themselves more highly than they ought and to esteem others more highly than themselves.
Understanding and accepting what God has done for us sinners through his Son should cause us to love one another, not gloat.  He does not love me because I am 'all that and a bag of chips'.  He loves me because I am a person created in His image, just as you are.  He loves you and I just the same and He has demonstrated His love for you and I (and everyone) equally:

For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved. He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. - John 3:16-18

Any person, so long as they draw breath, has the opportunity and invitation to believe what God says about sin, to confess and turn away from it, and to believe that God's full forgiveness is a settled matter in heaven through Jesus' death, burial, and resurrection.  Any person also has the opportunity to reject what God says and what He has done for them through Jesus.  That is the Gospel.
God has demonstrated His great love for us in this:  While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.  He did not demonstrate His love for those who earned it or deserved it ... nobody does ... everyone is a sinner.  He demonstrated His love for us sinners while we were still sinners.
God loves you, CLEMON, and anyone who claims to know God and be loved by God should be telling you that.
Answer: First, you have a questionable premise: what makes us "know" that God does not love them, since we cannot claim to know what God thinks apart from his character?
Secondly, Jesus himself was not loved by a lot of people in his time, especially those who wanted to crucify him, fulfilling the Suffering Servant prophecy (Isa 53) especially vv. 2b-3:

He [Jesus] didn't have an impressive form
or majesty that we should look at him,
no appearance that we should desire him.
He was despised and rejected by men,
a man of suffering who knew what sickness was.
He was like someone people turned away from;
he was despised, and we didn't value him.

Later, in the next verse (v. 4), the people thought God himself turned away from him also:

Yet he himself bore our sicknesses,
and he carried our pains;
but we in turn regarded him stricken,
struck down by God, and afflicted.

Yet the Bible says God loved Jesus (John 3:35, John 5:20), and rewarded Jesus for his voluntary suffering, which was also prophesied (Isa 53:12):

Therefore I [The LORD] will give him the many as a portion,
and he will receive the mighty as spoil,
because he willingly submitted to death,
and was counted among the rebels;
yet he bore the sin of many
and interceded for the rebels.

Conclusion.  No, that is not a Christian attitude at all.  Every follower of Christ can potentially be despised like Jesus (John 15:18-20), and can potentially result in people thinking that God doesn't love him/her or that God is punishing him/her for unconfessed sins (like how Job's 3 friends thought), although when we die God will reward us according to how we live our lives (Matt 25:31-40) because God can see every person's heart including our secret acts of loving (Matt 6:3-4).
Comment: thanks for the answer, and sorry if my question was a poor one. i keep thinking that someone believes with 100% conviction that they are going to heaven and this means i am going to hell. obviously, i find that unsettling, and though i don't personally believe that god has an agreement with them that this is the case, anything like that, i would be pleased to read some gentle reassurance that they might just be crazy, even evil
Answer: God loves everyone as long as they are still alive and have a chance to repent and accept salvation. After someone dies then if they died in sin, that's a total different case but if they died in Christ then God loves that soul. No one has a right to gloat because no one was inherently born with the knowledge of God and his kingdom. We should engage non-believers with the same love that God engaged us with while we were still slaves to sin and patterns of this world.
The Bible verse that says we are saved through grace explicitly states that the law had all of us pinned to eternal damnation, but we received grace through the suffering and death of the Lord Jesus Christ.
What happens when a sinner dies?
The devil claims the soul as his to be punished together in hell forever. This can be seen from the Biblical verse where Michael was sent to bury Moses and escort his soul to paradise but the devil protested in anger claiming that Moses sinned by getting angry and deserved to go to hell.
There were lots of souls being claimed by the devil and God being just couldn't save them, that is why a Savior had to be sent to warn the world to hate sin and love righteousness because sin gives the devil who is an accuser bargaining leverage over your soul.
Moses was saved through grace because despite this sin, Michael's orders were to see to it that Moses goes to paradise and the devil complied because Michael is not an angel to be messed with. The devil knows he cannot overpower him. That's why this day when you hear the voice of the Lord to come to salvation, do not harden your heart.
Answer: It is against God's identity and existence not to love anyone, anyone at all. The Gospel declares "God is love".
It might seem to us that God hates someone if He punished him. Just like it might seem to us that a person hates his son if he punished him by not allowing him to leave his room. What we might ignore is that this child needs to be punished for his own good, therefore we might judge wrongly. Exactly like this God treats each one of us, like a Father who loves his children.
Add to this that for mature adults, God freely gave them complete freedom. And God respects this freedom.


Can Zombies be Inspired?

Question: In a current campaign, I'm a bard playing alongside a necromancer who has some pretty powerful zombies that from time to time could use some inspiration. The Bardic Inspiration only mentions creatures within 60 ft can be inspired it does not single out anything that cannot get inspired, however giving a zombie inspiration seems counterintuitive especially giving the other features of the undead as the can't be healed under normal means. So can zombies be inspired?
Comment: @ChibiNya you can't use cure wounds or healing word on them though I'm not sure about healing potions.
Comment: Where does it even say that undead can't be healed? Just opened the monster Manual and didn't see it.
Answer: Yes.
As you point out, the text of Bardic Inspiration does not exclude any creature types, which means that RAW, zombies can be inspired.
This is not weird
The MM entries for zombies explicitly state that zombies can understand the languages that they knew in life. This means that they do have some kind of mental process that could be affected by Bardic Inspiration. Moreover, their INT of 3 makes them slightly smarter than many animals, which can also be inspired.
Comment: Name of my next rock band is Inspired Zombies.  +1
Comment: "zombies can understand the languages that they knew in life" It must be a pain to raise zombies that doesn't speak any of the languages you do.

Can Zombies be Inspired?


Can a non-Turk borrow Turkish lira?

Question: Turkey is currently on the cusp of a hyperinflation apparently triggered by its president's policy of maintaining nominal interest rates far below inflation. Thus Turkish banks are currently giving loans at a real interest rate of perhaps -16%, based on numbers I just read. It would thus seem to be a promising idea to borrow some lira, convert it to dollars, euros, stocks, or even gold, and then convert part back after a year or so pay back the loan using highly inflated currency. I assume there's no way for a non-Turkish person to do this (if it were too easy, probably lots of big Western institutions would be borrowing lira right now, which might even reduce the inflationary pressures) but I thought I'd ask anyhow: can a non-Turk (say, an American) plausibly take out a lira-denominated loan?
Comment: this actually adds to the inflationary pressure since it releases even more currency into the money supply while reducing foreign currency reserves. But why go far? Same thing is happening in the US, although not to the same extent just yet
Comment: @littleadv Hmm, yeah, I think I was forgetting that bank loans create new currency, don't just push it around. The dollar is inflating, sure, but it's not nearly so obviously inflating *against* some other reliable asset. I was thinking that pounds, euros etc ought to do better, but so far the dollar has remained very strong. Even against gold!
Comment: USD has significantly weakened compared to ILS, for example, over the last several years. I don't know how long the decline would last, but I don't see any reasons for it to change unless the feds raise the rates dramatically
Comment: @littleadv I see less than 20% over five years, and flat over the last year. Even if we buy your "don't see any reasons" argument, that seems self-evidently not worth the risk for almost anybody who needs to buy things in USD.
Comment: Kevin, you may want to listen to [this podcast](https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/understanding-turkeys-bold-plan-to-stabilize-the-lira/id1056200096?i=1000546766862).
Answer: A forex buy of a USD/TRY currency-pair is essentially a borrowing and selling of the TRY and then a buying of the USD.
However, the annual interest-rate in Turkey is 14% such that the forex rollover interest to be paid by the trader would be about 14.75% annually on the leveraged amount.
Some some traders would sell the USD/TRY currency-pair and draw about 13.25% annual interest.

Can a non-Turk borrow Turkish lira?


Getting the locid from the maxmind geoip binary

Question: Maxmind's geoip csv files contain a locid, which I use as a key for my internal records.  It does not appear like the locid is available in the geoip city binary file when accessed through maxmind's php api.  Is that information available at all from the binary?
this is the class that is returned from the geoip_record_by_addr() function call:
<code>class geoiprecord
{
  public $country_code;
  public $country_code3;
  public $country_name;
  public $region;
  public $city;
  public $postal_code;
  public $latitude;
  public $longitude;
  public $area_code;
  public $dma_code; # metro and dma code are the same. use metro_code
  public $metro_code;
  public $continent_code;
}
</code>
Comment: The location ID is not part of the binary.
Comment: Well, thats unfortunate
Answer: There is no locid in the binary. @oschwald is right.


How do cracks form on a ship's hull?

Question: The oil spill in Mauritius would be caused by cracks in the hull. How can this happen? Is it possible to be caused solely by rough weather?
Answer: The news item said it grounded, pretty typical,along with "hit rocks". There is so much mass in a ship that good steel with a 4:1 design safety factor can't resist fracture in a "crash". The brittle fracture of low toughness steel in WW 2 Liberty ships is not a factor . Said with crossed fingers as just when you make something fool proof, a bigger fool comes along. The fact that ship steels crack rather than crumple like car sheet steel has to to with the thickness and fracture mechanics which can't be covered in a paragraph.
Comment: Thank you, I missed it had a collision.
Answer: MV Wakashio ran aground on a coral reef off Mauritius on July 25.  MV Wakashio is a 300m Bulk Ore Carrier.  It was empty at the time (no cargo).
From BBC: Mauritius declares emergency as stranded ship leaks oil:

You can clearly see the reef and direction of waves hitting reef.  No oil, when this picture was taken.
From IPR Mauritius: oil spill from damaged tank is over:

Since Thursday August 6, 2020, the bulk carrier MV Wakashio has been emptying its fuel in the lagoon of Pointe d'Esny, in Mauritius. Stranded since July 25, the Mauritian government was slow to react. After nearly twelve days off the coast, a crack finally formed in one of the holds.

From Press release covered by ThisNews: Mauritius on ship leaking tonnes of oil in the Indian Ocean.

The Minister disclosed that the bulk carrier was travelling with 200 tonnes of diesel, 3,894 tonnes of bunker fuel in the form of low-sulphur fuel oil and 90 tonnes of lube oil.

Due to the bad weather and constant pounding over the past few days, the starboard side bunker tanker has been breached and an amount of fuel oil has escaped into the sea.

From video on FleetMon Major oil spill off Mauritius Island

Grounding had a role to play, but hull breach was caused by storm wind and waves leveraging grounded 300m hull.  All ships flex and twist due to wave action.  But if hull is grounded, the laws of physics take over.
An investigation will have to take place, but empty ship and grounding about midship will be significant to findings.
YouTube: Radio One: La 'fissure' du MV Wakashio vue de prés

How do cracks form on a ship's hull?


Is it possible to stop a Pokemon evolving via trade in Gen 1?

Question: If I level up a Pokemon and it's about to evolve, I can hold down B to stop it.
What about if I trade Kadabra, Graveler, Machoke or Haunter? Can I stop them from evolving when I trade them somehow?
I tried it just now and held down B, and they seemed to evolve anyway.
Answer: Unfortunately, no.

In Gen 1, the only way to stop a Pokemon from evolving was by pressing B. However, evolution stones and trading trumped pressing the B button.

According to Gamefaqs and personal experience.
Comment: This, presumably, is why they added the Everstone item in the second generation - it will prevent even a traded Pokémon from evolving. (Unfortunately the item became bugged in later generations!)
Comment: Hmm. Yeah, it makes sense with the stones because you only use them when you choose to. Bit of a shame about the trading situation
Comment: @pinckerman yes, but they could have been coded not to evolve or have a cancel button, it was a choice. And the sense would be if you wanted to give someone the unevolved pokemon.
Comment: @pinckerman well, I wanted to trade over a Kadabra without evolving it yesterday and presumably I'm not the only one. I'm surprised they didn't put in the same code that handles evolution after battles
Comment: @pinckerman the trade was an action I made. The evolution via the trade was something I ran into, having forgotten about it at that point. I wouldn't run into evolution by stone by accident
Comment: @Showsni Can you point me to more info on that? Sounds like it might be possible to have some fun with it.
Comment: @EgorHans https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Everstone has most info on it. There's also an article here: https://screenrant.com/pookemon-diamond-pearl-trade-bad-mindy-haunter-everstone/ about a particular in game trade for a Haunter...
Comment: @Showsni Sounds like the glitches are nothing useful. Also no clue if the Kadabra oddity is intentional or not.


Is there a blender script or way to configure Blender to do this (Retopo)

Question: Is there a Blender script out there that lets you basically 'draw' in a 'net' of edges using strokes that you can then fill in using the spider script or something?
Could I possibly just change some settings to have this ability?
I've been doing a lot of retopo work and think just being able to draw in edges with mouse or tablet strokes would be such an efficient and simple way to do it- I've tried Retopoflow and 3D Coat for retopo and both feel needlessly complicated to me.
Answer: You could try the Bsurfaces addon:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQb5lHDFjjs
(The video also activates another add-on).
I haven't tried it myself (new blender doesn't work on my laptop)
but looks simple enough for me.


Can I go out of the ICN airport without visa as an Indonesia Citizen?

Question: I'm an Indonesian citizen, I am travelling to the USA.
I have a transit in the South Korean ICN airport for 12 hours, am I allowed to leave the airport without visa?
Answer: Indonesian nationals normally need a visa to visit South Korea, but when you have a USA visa and are on a journey to or from the USA you can use the transit tourist program to take one of several short guided tours. Stop at the Transit Tour desk in Terminal 1 or Terminal 2 to book a tour.


Enlightenment being a Brahmin

Question: How many times in a day should I be doing sandhyavandanam in order to attain liberation? I currently only do it once...Furthermore, what if one is unable to do it more than once due to other responsibilities like education: how to solve this issue?
Comment: If you know you are free, You are already free. If you think you are bound, You are eventually bound. Set your own priorities as what one thinks, one will become.
Comment: According to advaita, no amount of karma can give you liberation. Only jnAna or knowledge can give you liberation. That said, karmas like sandhyAvandanam can help in development of chittasuddhi (purification of the mind). The path of jnAna becomes easier with chittasuddhi.
Answer: Mundaka Upanishad III.ii.3:

This Atman is not to be attained by the study of the Vedas, nor by the highest intellect, nor by much learning. Whom the Atman seeks, he gets the Atman; unto him He discloses His glory.

Katha Upansihad II.iii.15:

When all the knots of the heart are destroyed, even while a man is alive, then a mortal beomes immortal. This much alone is the instruction (of all the Upanishads).

Mundaka Upanishad II.ii.8:

Sundered are the knots of the heart, torn off are all his doubts, and the seeds of his karma wear off, when the sight of the Transcendent One is gained.

The Lord is not a bookkeeper. He is not a machine that you put so many coins in to get something. When your heart becomes pure, then the Lord comes running to you.
There is an old Zen Buddhism saying that goes something like this- If you lead a busy life, you should practice 15 minutes a day. On days when you are too busy to practice 15 minutes, you should practice 30 minutes.
Comment: How to clear the "knots of the heart"? In my mind, two of the ways are to get rid of sensory pleasures and meditating (Sandhyavandanam);Could you please provide any more adjustments I could make to my life? I would like to incorporate as much as possible to get a hollistic experience. Thx you

Enlightenment being a Brahmin