How would Humans change, or evolve, to being Domed for many thousands of years?

Question: A little snippet from my story idea, for some context-
"The Earth Government Collapses, caused by the cutoff of resources from the Colonies. Large-Scale war soon erupts, with Nuclear Weapons being used against most of the nations on Earth.
The Now-Independent Colonies intervene, but end up declaring war on eachother, most of the colonies and cities ending up being destroyed, save for the Capitals, which have extremely strong Magi-Tech shields.
High-End WMDs are used on eachother, burning away entire surfaces of planets, causing mega-earthquakes, mass volcanic eruptions, boiling away oceans. Due to the detonations of these weapons, the surface of the planets were damaged, to no end. Entire crusts of planets, melted, or blown away entirely. The surfaces of these planets were doused in radiation, as well, which eliminated any traces of life that had been remaining(outside of the Capitals)"
The Humans, during the war, were stuck in the Capitals, for hundreds-of-thousands, if not millions, of years, as the war raged, the planet(s) changed, and the atmosphere turned flaming.
Assuming an entirely self-sufficient Capital, being,

Constant Air Production, Circulation, Maintenance
Constant Water Supply, Circulation, Treatment
Constant Food Production, Supply
Artificial Gravity, at a level of 0.98g
Constant Production of Items, Necessary and Unnecessary
Constant Energy Supply
Unbreaking Shield

How might Humans adapt, or evolve, to these conditions, while not being able to exit the Capital Domes?
Comment: Well, in a rather similar not-quite-human circumstance, the [Thals](https://tardis.fandom.com/wiki/Thal) turned out mildly evil and autocratic (a lot like us), but the [Kaleds](https://tardis.fandom.com/wiki/Kaled) went full-bore crazy/evil/exterminate-everybody-else.
Comment: From a physical perspective, apparently no major changes. From a psychological perspective, maybe they'll become a more closed society denying interaction with any outsiders and come to believe there can be nothing like what they have inside the dome, but that's pure speculation.
Comment: I suggest reading Isaac Asimov's *The Caves of Steel* and *The Naked Sun*; they go very in-depth into the psychology of people in this kind of situation.
Comment: This really isn't that different from the modern world where the primary form of selection is intraspecific competition. note after millions of years human will probably look drastically different just due to sexual selection.
Answer: Depending on the situation there may be very little change. Evolution is a process mostly driven by struggle, in the situation you gave there is very little need for the people to adapt. This is compounded by the fact that humans can develop societal solutions to a problem much faster than an evolutionary solution. Most changes if any will likely be appearance, although there could be a slow move toward more effective thinking in math and science fields due to there greater need in a more advanced society and thus people who posses these traits will likely be wealthier and healthier and thus selected for.
Answer: Perhaps look to the effects of islands on evolution as a model?
You might not have the food pressures like a small island might have but Darwin noticed different islands had different species.
Each bubble or dome has as slightly different gene pool to start with, and some recessive traits would be different.
Sexual selection over the time period could become important. In one case a sport like basketball being popular might select for tall people, in another culture smart people might be more sexy, etc. There could be significant changes in appearance over the very long time periods.
I suppose depending on the effectiveness of the shields you could also have differences in mutation rates due to the radiation or magic etc.
But over several hundred generations, I suspect you might see differences, some domes hairy people, some smooth skinned, some taller, some with pointed ears etc. just from differences in initial conditions, and different bubbles with different cultures choosing their partners for different ways.


Inverter with 12V input voltage

Question: I have an inverter with 12V input voltage and one 12V battery. I am planning to increase my backup time by buying one more 12V battery. Will this setup work: 12V inverter with two 12V batteries connected in series or parallel?
Comment: what is the inverter spec?  A 12V unit is often only 10~15.5V. It may not last twice as long if you don't have twice the input power*time
Comment: 1200w 12vdc inverter
Answer: Do not connect them in series. That will give 24V to your inverter which is designed to run from 12V. 24V may damage the inverter.
Connecting batteries in parallel is OK, and it is often done. Ideally you should follow these rules:

use batteries of the same capacity. If your original battery is 18Ah then buy another battery of the same capacity.
use batteries from the same manufacturer. This way the batteries should "age" at about the same rate.
use batteries of the same age. In your case this is not possible, and you may want to consider buying 2 new batteries.
before connecting the batteries in parallel for the first time you should make sure that both are fully charged. If you don't then the one which has more charge will try to charge up the second battery. In this case very large currents can flow, such as 10 to 20A, which may damage one of the batteries or the wiring between them.
(again ideally) once you have connected the batteries in parallel you should keep them permanently connected. Charge and discharge them together as if they were a single battery and you will get long life from them.

When you connect batteries in parallel connect the positive (+) terminal of one to the positive (+) terminal of the other. Same for the negative terminals. Get this wrong and you will soon have a fire.
Comment: can u explain what is actually meant by double capacity when two batteries connected in parallel?
Comment: Battery capacity is measured in Amp hours (Ah). A typical small lead acid battery will have a capacity of 7Ah. Very approximately this means that battery can supply 1A for 7 hours. If you connect two of these batteries in parallel then the combined battery still has a voltage of 12V, but its capacity will be 14Ah, ie it has double the capacity of each battery. It could supply 1A for 14 hours. You may think that it could also supply 14A for 1 hour, but in practice batteries do not work like that, and you may only get 14A for about 30 minutes.
Comment: if i connect in series, then will i still get 1A for 14 hours?
Comment: No, you will get 1A for 7 hours, but at 24V rather than 12V.
Comment: I got it. Both ways I will get same amount of power. If it is 24v, the device will draw less current than it would draw at 12v. If it draws 1amp at 12v then it will draw 0.5amp at 24v. Is it right?
Comment: Yes, that's right.
Answer: If the inverter is designed to have a 12 Volt input, then you must connect any added batteries in parallel with the original battery to maintain 12 volts.

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
If you connected the batteries in series, they would provide 24 volts.

simulate this circuit
Comment: i understand above picture. I just wanna ask does series/parallel provide same amount of backup time?
Comment: Yes - you have the same amount of energy in the batteries either way.  To get 100 Watts (for example), you would draw about 8.3 Amps at 12 volts, or 4.15 amps at 24 volts.
Comment: and is it right if 1 battery of 12V 200ah takes 4 hours to charge then if I add another battery of same ratings, connected in either series or parallel they will take 8 hours to charge full?
Comment: Charging time will depend on the state of discharge of the batteries and on the capability of the charger.  I'd expect that adding a second battery in parallel would increase the charging time, but not necessarily double it.

Inverter with 12V input voltage


How to make 1/2 inch thick porkchop brown but tender?

Question: Cheap porkchop cuts here in the Philippines are only 1/2 inch thick.
It's so hard to brown them or give them color while frying, but still keep it tender. Everytime it's the right color, it's already tough or chewy.
I don't brine the porkchops though. Should I? Will brining help given the thickness of the porkchop?
Answer: Double cook them. Have your flat iron on over 2 burners. Lightly oiled. Near smoke point. Sear both sides. for color. Move to second skillet iron with lid. slow fry there. Also every 3/4 inch cut threw the outer fat & just threw the outer inner gristle just under the fat. This helps them to lay flat in cooking. Salt & pepper in skillet once seared. 45 seconds a side to sear at proper heat.     This works like cooking on charcoal in the Philippines. Have your coconut charcoal glowing hot. Sear pork chops. Move to next iron plate. That is hot to cook threw on. Move to next iron plate that is warm to store them on with covers. Just like down town cooking. On a long grill. Some pork in the Philippines comes from older hogs & is ground raised. That I do not know how to cure. Unless you buy your pork from a farm. Or in the city know were a pork house is were you pick out your pig to butcher. Best to go behind the wet markets. Buy a live pig & have butchered there for tender pork.
Comment: Or shop the wet markets at 10 am. Opening time. This gives you a chance to see the size of the pig you are buying your chops from. I have them slice mine when I buy there 1 middle finger thick for best cooking. Of chops & steaks. They will have 1/2 a porker hanging on the hook at that time & custom cut for you.


The Poynting Robertson Effect

Question: In the Poynting Robertson effect, it says in general, the Poynting Robertson effect is caused by the fact that objects like dust re-emit the light they absorb. Is that correct? Is this effect weak? Where does it apply and where it does not?
Comment: Hello curious.  Have you, for example, read the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poynting%E2%80%93Robertson_effect  It is good to have done so first, and then ask about what is unclear to you.  This is called "doing prior research".
Comment: I've already done so, I'm confused about where does it apply, how does it work, the formulas , and if it's a very weak or strong force . I did my prior research and read a LOT about it but still I'm confused , Like in the wiki page you cited. It says just the meaning in general that the cause of the Pointying Robertson effect is the fact that objects like dust reemit the light they absorb. Not due to absorption . Is that correct?
Comment: Good, thanks for that.  Now you'll need to edit your question to ask as specific question.  "What is the P-R effect" is not specific (and the answer is given on the Wiki page)  but in your comment there is a specific question, which is answerable.
Comment: So I've replaced your question by the specific one.
Comment: But it doesn't explain the strength of this force . Is it a very weak force/effect or what?
Answer: The Poynting Robertson effect (or P-R drag), as explained in the wikipedia Essentially there is a small, Special Relativistic aberration effect whereby the light received from the Sun by an orbiting body appears to come at them from a slightly off-radial angle. This imparts a tangential force (in addition to the usual radial radiation pressure). The force acts to slow bodies down in their orbits, causing them to spiral inwards as they lose angular momentum.
The best way to compare this with gravitational force acting inwards and radiation pressure outwards is to write expressions for the magnitude of each of these forces in terms of the sizes and density of the orbiting body, the orbital distance of the body and the mass and luminosity of the star it orbits; and to express all the latter quantities with respect to some calibration object, which I will assume is a spherical, black object of density $\rho=5000$ kg m$^{-3}$ and radius $R=10^{-6}$m orbiting the Sun (mass $M=M_\odot$, luminosity $L=L_\odot$) at $r=1$ au.
Poynting Robertson drag (acting tangentially):
$$F_{PR} = 1.4\times 10^{-21} \left(\frac{R}{10^{-6}\ {\rm m}}\right)^2 \left(\frac{L}{L_\odot}\right) \left(\frac{M}{M_\odot}\right)^{1/2}  \left(\frac{r}{1\ {\rm au}}\right)^{-5/2}\ {\rm N}\ . $$
Radiation pressure (acting radially outwards):
$$ F_R = 1.4\times10^{-17} \left(\frac{R}{10^{-6}\ {\rm m}}\right)^2\left(\frac{L}{L_\odot}\right) \left( \frac{r}{1\ {\rm au}}\right)^{-2}\ {\rm N}\ .  $$
Graviational force (acting radially inwards):
$$ F_G = 1.2\times 10^{-16} \left(\frac{\rho}{5000\ {\rm kg/m}^3}\right) \left(\frac{R}{10^{-6}\ {\rm m}}\right)^{3} \left(\frac{r}{1\ {\rm au}}\right)^{-2}\
 {\rm N}\ . $$
From comparing these equations we can see that radiation pressure and gravity both depend on $r^{-2}$ so their ratio is independent of orbital distance. However, $F_R/F_G \propto R^{-1}$, so if our calibration object were as small as $R \sim 10^{-7}$ m, radiation pressure would exceed gravity and drive the body out of the Solar System. P-R drag would be completely irrelevant in this case.
For our calibration object, P-R drag is 4 orders of magnitude smaller than gravity so it has a weak influence. However the ratio of P-R drag to gravity for the Sun depends on $\rho^{-1} R^{-1} r^{-1/2}$. For P-R drag to become more important, the density of the body would have to be much (implausibly) lower; or the size of the object would have much smaller - but then radiation pressure would blow it out of the Solar System; or it would have to be much closer to the Sun.
The force would be much weaker/negligible if the size of the object were increased or it were further away from the Sun.
Note though, that even though it is a weak force in the calibration case considered, the force acts tangentially, so is in addition to the radial forces of gravitation and radiation pressure. Thus, if the object is bound to the Solar System then P-R drag will inevitably act on a timescale which becomes shorter as its size becomes larger with respect to $F_G$.
In the calibration case, a $F_{PR} = 1.4\times 10^{-21}$ N acting on the calibration body produces an acceleration of $7\times 10^{-8}$ m/s$^2$. With an orbital velocity of $\sim 30000$ m/s at 1 au, this suggests a timescale on which the P-R drag would act of $\sim 10,000$ years. As discussed above, this timescale would decrease if the body moved closer but increase linearly with the size of the body, and would exceed the age of the Solar System for $R> 0.3$ m.

The Poynting Robertson Effect


How to phrase indirect commands with pedir

Question: What's the difference and/or which is better?

pedir para eles pararem
pedir para que eles parassem
pedir que eles parassem
Answer: The main difference is tense (also aspect, mood) itself
In the first example, pararem in an inflected infinitive.
The sentence means "ask them to stop".
In the two last sentences, parassem is a present subjunctive, meaning a condition. The difference between these two is how you use the verb pedir — the same way that in english you can "ask something" and "ask for something", you can do in portuguese, "pedir alguma coisa" and "pedir para *alguma coisa", you cam even "pedir por alguma coisa". It's just a matter of what compliment is the verb asking for.
Answer: There is essentially no difference in your examples, at least without any other context.
I can't think of any situation where pedir que can't be replaced with pedir para or the rarer pedir para que.
However, pedir para may not be interchangeable with pedir que.
Consider these two sentences:

(1) O João não fez o que pai lhe pediu para evitar o contágio.
  (2) O João pediu para ir à rua.

In (1), para introduces the purpose/intention of the request, not the content of the request; para has here a strong lexical component. (incidentally, the sentence is also ambiguous, and para can also introduce the reason João didn't do what was asked of him)
In (2), we have a different predicate. Pedir para here means ask for, somewhat equivalent to:

(3) O João pediu que o deixassem ir à rua.

Another example, where it's a request not involving permission:

(4) Foi o próprio Presidente a pedir para reunir com todas as pessoas atingidas pela catástrofe.


What moves can grab?

Question: Besides using a grab, some moves (all I know specials) can also initate a "grab", continuing the move through a counter, block, or super armor. I know of Ganon's Side + Special, Bowsers Side + Special, and Lucarios Side + Special, but are there any others?
Comment: Do you count Kirby and Dedede's inhale as a grab?  What's the scope of the question, anything that counts as a sort of command grab?
Comment: That works, as long as they ignore counters and blocks.
Answer: According to SmashWiki, the Special Attacks that can act as Grabs are:

Yoshi

Neutral, Egg Lay

Kirby

Neutral, Inhale

Captain Falcon

Upper, Falcon Dive

Bowser

Side, Flying Slam

Ganondorf

Side, Flame Choke
Upper, Dark Dive

Wario

Neutral, Chomp

King Dedede

Neutral, Inhale

Diddy Kong

Side, Monkey Flip, though not if an attack button is pressed before he grabs (he will kick instead)

Lucario

Side, Force Palm, but only grounded and at close range

Robin

Down, Nosferatu

Mewtwo

Side, Confusion

I do not believe there are any moves, aside from dedicated Grabs and the aforementioned Specials, that cause a grabbing hitbox (i.e., that ignores shields).

What moves can grab?


Designing layered app with NHibernate and context changing database

Question: I'm designing a C# application

Presentation ( web site + flex apps )
Business Logical Layer (might be WCF to enable multi client platforms)
Data Access Layer ( With NHibernate )

We're going to integrate our solution in many preexistant client's database environnements and we would like to use NHibernate in the DAL.. My colleague pointed out that generating classes from client's DB (like User or Image) with NHibernate would cause the BLL to blow up in our face at each DB changes !
So the question is how do we prevent that from happening ?
We're thinking about creating business objects and map NHibernate objects to these BO (hum, does that make them DTOs ?) with AutoMapper and prevent dal changes from affecting BLL.. Is this the way to go ?
Thanks !
EDIT :
To give a better understanding of what we're trying to achieve, you might need context :
We're building a photo storing/sharing app in Flex for the front-end and C# on the back-end mainly for our company, so we handle every aspects of the code and DB.
But : that product can also be bought by tiers, which eventually have already a database with User table or Image table. I'm thinking here about a new prospect who have an Image table with a few hundred millions of rows and adding columns for our business logic isn't going to be happening because of a too long ALTERing of the table.
Even though it would be possible (User table for example can be modified because of lesser rows), we're asking ourselves how to handle table structure changes without impacting all of our solution each time we have to integrate in a tier database, from BLL to client app in Flex !
Answer: in my experience, your business objects (AKA Domain Objects) should be modelled in OO to represent your real life business entities and your tables in 3rd normal form (this may change depending on what design you are after speed vs file size)
NHibernate should map between your BO's and Tables, using its mapping files.
now you have legitimate cases:

You need to add/remove a column, we decided to remove addressline4, this will echo a change in your Address Object, thats fine.
You move a column to a better place, our Client object contains notes, which is currently stored in the Contract_Extra table, which is going to be moved into the Client table. moving the column into a better place will only effect the Mapping file, in this case

I doubt there is a blanket reasoning, however I hope the examples make you think about this
I have not tried NH accross multiple Db's, also should each database have its own service on top?
here are some links

Multi table entites
PoEAA <- look at the Single Table inheritance, Class table inheritance and the other one

Hope this helps
Comment: I like this answer.  I see the op speaking in terms of PL, BLL, and DAL, and in contrast this answer touches on DDD.  I would like to see a little more depth in that regard.
Comment: I edited the first post to give you more context. I think multi table entities + custom data access is a part of the solution !
Answer: It sounds like you want to design your domain model to be database agnostic. I too am interested in the best approach to having a central domain model that can map over to multiple different database models.
The way you are proposing, to create DTO's from each database using code generators, could be an option. Another would be to create custom NHibernate mappings for each preexisting database. You still may need to use some DTOs to make some of the mappings less difficult but it may give you more control.
These are just some thoughts. More experienced users with NHibernate probably will have better insight to your situation.
Comment: NHibernate mappings should do the trick, but what if DB tables contains more columns than my DTO class ? I don't have control over a few specific tables (when integrating our solution in other clients DB) and therefore I can only adapt, is this an issue ?


Is there any way to prevent an Xbox Controller from opening Windows Magnifier?

Question: I'm using an Xbox controller on PC and I find that there's some particular button combination (something + the guide button) that launches the Windows Magnifier accessibility ("ease of access") feature. Disabling the feature doesn't prevent the controller from just enabling it again, however, and I can't for the life of me figure out how to prevent the shortcut from being triggered by the controller.
Comment: Are you using Steam?
Comment: @Joachim yes, Steam is running, but the game I'm playing isn't through Steam / overlay isn't up
Comment: Still, can you try exiting Steam and see if the problems persist? I've read that Steam often causes unwanted behaviour when using controllers.
Answer: I've been searching for like 3 months, and what you do is the following:

Open the steam settings tab. You can find this in the top right of your steam window by clicking "Steam", then "Settings".

Navigate to the "Controller" tab, then press "Guide button chord configuration". A tab will open where you will see all of the guide button's actions.

Unbind or rebind actions as you like, in my case I've unbound all of the things because I had a problem where my right joystick kept spamming these actions, but if this feature actually works correctly for you, you can rebind things too!

I've been searching for ages for a solution so I had to share it with the world.
Comment: Wait, seriously? This is a thing? I have the oposite problem ... I'm partially blind and am SOOO sick of switching to my keyboard EVERY time I need Windows Magnifier? I can actually bind this in Steam settings? I am just ... stunned! Can anyone give me some directions how to do that properly? Dow I have a lead I'll likely figure it out, but you never know! Thank you!


Add a tag for scientific names

Question: A tag for scientific names would be helpful. It would be appropriate for the first question I asked here. Please add it?
Comment: Tags can be added by anyone with >150 rep. Not sure I see a need for this particular tag, but if you do want to advocate for one I'd suggest including a collection of several questions, with links, where you think that tag would be helpful. Remember that tags aren't good for making things on-topic but are mostly so that people with relevant expertise can follow a subject and easily track posts on that subject (including getting alerts when questions are posted). Probably [tag:species-identification] covers a lot of these.
Answer: There is already a tag for nomenclature which should cover your needs. This is meant to be used for:

The principles, conventions, and terms used to systematically classify biological information, entities, processes, but also subfields of biology.

Several Qs on species names are also already tagged by this tag. Or is there a specific reason why you think this is insufficient?

Add a tag for scientific names


Can anyone confirm if this is a true released glottal stop?

Question: It sounds like one to me but I'm not sure regarding how it is made. I noticed that when I consciously try to close my glottis the glottal stop is much more soft while when I don't think about closing and instead think about coughing it gets much louder, as you hear in the recording. I don't know what volume we can reach with a true glottal stop but for some reason I think I'd get more noise if tightning each cord agaisnt itself instead of themselves. That by the way is what I think I'm doing.
https://vocaroo.com/i/s1dHypk1PrTn
Comment: The link is asking me to download some commercial software.
Comment: vocaroo is a fairly common sharing site. I don't know how trustworthy it is, actually, but it played the sound in the browser last time I checked years ago.
Comment: In my phone it plays in the browser without installing anything.
Answer: This isn't a speech sound, so not a glottal stop or anything like it. It sounds like what happens when you thwack your adams apple with your finger, with your glottis closed and mouth open. If you have just a glottal stop, there's no sound at all, so at the minimum you would need something leading into the glottal stop (then slam the vocal folds shut, no release). A "release" would be some very short vowel-like sound (turbulence from the sudden rush of air through the glottis), and would resemble whatever vowel came before it.
It is possible that such a release feature exists in some languages, because there are reports of "glottally interrupted" vowels of the type [VʔV̆], with a very short echo vowel after the glottal stop. This article on Chuxnabán Mixe discusses this, and provides samples (in this case, the "echo" is relatively long compared to examples that I've heard elsewhere).
Comment: It is. Did you try using another browser?
Comment: @user6726, I can't cite the page, but Ladefoged et al (2010) says a released glottal stop is like a plosive. Also, sound chains that suposedly have a glottal stop in them, like those in Hawaiian, sometimes have that small plosive sound that is much similar to mine but softer.


How do you get flymake to use a temporary directory for its temp files?

Question: Flymake makes a bunch of Foo_125113359859632_flymake.hs files in my src dirs, messing up grep, tab-completion, LSP etc. Is there some setting or feature to get it to put temporary files in /tmp or ~/.emacs.d/tmp?
Answer: Set flymake-run-in-place to nil and flymake will create temporary files in temporary-file-directory. See C-h v flymake-run-in-place and https://github.com/flymake/emacs-flymake/issues/32.
Comment: That's not Pavel Kobyakov/João Távora's flymake (which comes included with emacs), that's a fork by someone else. Guess I could switch to that, but then I might as well go back to flycheck if I'm using third party packages anyway …
Comment: ah well, nothing obvious to me in emacs's flymake. i guess you're using Haskell? maybe there's something haskell-mode's flymake integration.


How do I enable day/night cycle in old Minecraft world?

Question: I have been trying to figure this out for days now. A world of mine that I made a very long time ago in MCPE (back when glass, bricks and shears were unlimited and worlds were limited to 256  blocks in size--can't remember which version I created the world in) somehow got frozen in time. I'm trying to fix that without enabling cheats so that I can still earn achievements in the world. I tried NBTedit and NBTExplorer on the level.dat file, but both have failed. Nothing else I've tried has worked either. Please help.
Answer: Sadly, you have to use cheats on it to fix the time cycle.
Fix anything that could've went wrong in the world. Here are some commands to help you:
<code>/gamerule dodaylightcycle true
/alwaysday false
</code>
Comment: A note. If your world was created with cheats disabled, open your game to LAN and enable cheats from the in-game menu. A quick and easy way of going about this.
Comment: @GipsyD you shouldn't need LAN on to enable cheats


Nikon D5300: How to switch default dial behavior (aperture vs shutter)

Question: In manual mode, the dial on the Nikon D5300 controls shutter speed. To adjust aperture, you must hold down the exposure button while turning the dial. Is it possible to switch this so the default is aperture and the shutter is adjusted by holding down the exposure button? Thanks!
Comment: Have you checked the *User Manual* for the D5300?
Comment: To clarify: I want to stay in full manual, not go to aperture priority. The settings menu does not contain an obvious option for this, and I couldn't find an option in the manual, hence the question. Would be great if there's an easy way to do this! Thanks
Comment: To clarify: There's not an easy way to to do this with the D5300. Short of writing a new firmware version that includes the option there's not any way at all to do this with the D5300.
Comment: The higher end Nikon DSLRs have this feature, even the "prosumer" ones, I cannot imagine why they wouldn't offer it on the D5300. Seems like the kind of thing that would be more trouble than it's worth to remove.
Answer: Based on the lack of such an option in the Controls section of the camera's Custom Menu, I would say not. See page 183 in the Nikon D5300 Reference Manual for details.
One possible workaround would be to shoot in Aperture-priority or A exposure mode. In A mode turning the command dial would control the aperture. Pressing the exposure compensation button and turning the command dial would change the exposure compensation setting which would directly alter the shutter speed. In certain specific situations you might need to turn Auto ISO Sensitivity off for exposure compensation to directly affect shutter speed. Of course the beginning point would be dependent upon the meter reading each time you pressed the shutter button halfway.


Adventure manga where a boy meets an elf who he helps and she gives him a gold coin

Question: It starts where a boy has to earn money to be able to feed himself. He goes out into the forest or plain to find some herbs and that's where he saw the elf. She ask him for directions and he helps her to where she is supposed to go. In order to thanks him, she gives him a gold coin and this allowed him to buy some food from a place that he stays at. I remember him buying steak or some kind of meat saying that he miss the taste of it. The money also allowed him to buy armor and weapons to go into the dungeon. He gets help from a guide about something, when he goes inside after a while he gets ambushed by another adventurer. This adventurer plans to kill him because there isn't anyone near them but the elf from before comes out and kills the adventurer and helps the boy get out of the dungeon. This is mostly all i remember and it only had like 2 or 3 chapters. I read this about 6-9 months ago.
Comment: This is very brief can you remember anything else about this that you could [edit] in? When did you read this? What does he help the elf with? What adventures does he go on afterwards? How did he meet the elf? Etc.
Answer: The manga is Kinka 1-mai de Kawaru Boukensha Seikatsu. Summary from MyAnimeList:

Istolfa - permanently poor, his primary struggles are finding food and a place to sleep at night. One day, while picking weeds in order to try and make money, he comes across a gold-ranked adventurer. The adventurer, surprised at his fortitude, gives him words of encouragement and a single gold coin.
With this single coin, Istolfa's life would permanently change.


Can hackers access my webcam?

Question: Can hackers gain access to a webcam without turning the webcam on? Can this be done on Ubuntu?
Comment: just put a sticker on your notebook webcam ! by the way they do it with phone too...and what people forget ... sound cards !
Comment: As any other device, you can disable the webcam
Comment: Better safe than sorry!
Comment: Do you mean without *you* turning it on, or without *them* turning it on? The attacks they can perform without *you* turning it on are much more severe than what they can do if, for example, the webcam is unplugged and *they* can't turn it on.
Answer: Yes, this can happen. This attack is typically targeted at MS Windows users.
The counter measure is, as usual, to have all your components up to date.
Note that the light of your webcam will be on, which is an indication of the attack (it is not possible to disable this functionality it may be possible to disable the light on older machines or specific configurations - thanks @silverpenguin for the comment).
Comment: @MarkHulkalo: irrelevant maybe for you (this is not intended to be cynical - you are probably way more aware than the average user) - the vast majority of attacks are opportunistic and use unpatched flaws.
Comment: this is not 100% correct it is possible to not have the light turned on with certain MSF payloads
Comment: @silverpenguin: ah, this is very interesting - I read that this is strictly managed by the driver. I will search in MSF for payloads.
Comment: you should look into NSA yahoo webcam, they did this also by using malware via yahoo ads i believe. (might not have the story 100% but I know it was yahoo and the light as off)
Comment: Reading the various articles, it seems that the attacks targets older machines (both Mac and PC). Even though the modern ones (as the webcams are directly wired to the bus) are less prone to that I will modify my answer to account for your comment, thanks.
Comment: Side note, a webcam light being on when it shouldn't can indicate either hardware failure, or that someone is watching without you "knowing." ;) This can be very useful for detecting an unauthorized presence. I personally keep a dud webcam attached for that reason.
Comment: @WoJ, `The counter measure is, as usual, to have all your components up to date.` This doesn't make sense to me. What components? Webcam components? Irrelevant, because you can still infect someone whose webcam was up to date. Anti-virus? Irrelevant, because it nearly never works against customized trojans, unless you try to name it `svchost.exe` or something stupid, and put it in the windows folder. Even if you put a 0 byte file in those directories with that name, they'll be detected as a "virus." lol
Answer:
Is it silly to cover my webcam?

It's not silly to cover your webcam if you don't want the "hacker" to know what you look like. But you'd better not have any pictures of yourself on your computer, or anything personal for that matter. They could probably find your name by keylogging/watching you trough a RAT, and if you have a facebook, they could look you up and find out what you look like anyway.
It's also not silly if you're engaging in, er, relations. Paranoia.
And you never know who could be watching, especially if they're able to bypass the webcam light icon. I personally keep a dud webcam on as part of an intrusion detection mechanism. If it's turned on, someone tried to access it. It's gone off a few times, and has helped me track down the culprit.

Can hackers and access to a webcam without turning webcam on

Not if there's a hardware on/off switch. The webcam must be physically turned on, unless you can turn on the webcam with software, but then it would have to be running to receive that signal anyway.
They can, however, activate the webcam and start viewing you, and anything within line of sight.

can they attack on Ubuntu(a GNU/Linux system)

If there are drivers for it, and their RAT supports this, then yes. But they probably can't easily turn it on if there's a hardware on/off switch.
Answer: I could be wrong here, but drivers need to be installed for the webcam on the local machine in order to capture from it. If you don't use your webcam, uninstall the drivers.
Even better, don't let hackers in to your system!
Comment: hackers may as well install the drivers themselves

Can hackers access my webcam?


What are the main security considerations that must be taken into account if you intend on creating a (localised) whistleblower website?

Question: Also: Is it something that can be achieved with limited funds? I ask because I am intrigued by the obstacles that are in place.
Answer: I wouldn't start from scratch. Try looking at SecureDrop. It's used by the New Yorker for anonymous sources.
In addition to the right software, you also need to consider physical security and legal security. You'll want to know what are the laws concerning whistleblowing and privacy in the jurisdiction where you are hosting it. The software may be great, but if you live somewhere where you can be arrested just on suspicion, or they can break in and steal you server without a warrant, then software won't do anything to protect you.
Finally, everybody using it needs to pay attention to OpSec: learn how the system works and how it is meant to be used, then don't ever veer from that.
One last thing to mention. If the type of activity you plan to engage in is illegal where you live, you shouldn't post anything to Stack Exchange that links to your real identity. Ross William Ulbricht (of Silk Road infamy) was caught in part because he used his real name – briefly – on StackExchange.
Answer: If you have to ask, then you shouldn't do it.
Security is difficult to get right, and requires a fair amount of experience to recognize all the ways in which it can go wrong. And a safe-haven for whistle-blowers represents not only a clear target for determined attackers, but it also comes with very real risks to the rights, property, and personal safety of the people who use the site. Unless you are a highly-experienced security professional, you'll be doing a disservice to the people you intend to protect by setting up a service that won't be able to provide the level of safety they will expect from you.
But to answer your question anyway.....

The cost of running such a service is minimal to start with, and scales with the popularity of the site -- much like any other online service.
Your main challenges will not be significantly different from any other sensitive application; you'll need to maintain very high operational security, privilege separation, secure coding and design, and proper monitoring and controls.
Your main threats will likely be social engineering, phishing, legal measures, and direct attacks on the technology itself.

As long as you know how to secure a service, securing this type of service does not represent a significant departure.
Comment: Totally agree, there are times when asking in a forum is just fine, there are other times when you just need to look for professional consultation.
Answer: I would see two different risk categories in a project like that:

Legal risks: First thing, where would be physically stored the information. That will highly influence the legal considerations to take into account when creating your project. If you create a legal entity to manage this system, you also want to be sure you are comfortable with the laws that apply in the place where this entity exist (e.g. say your data is located in Iceland, but your company is US based, authorities can still get your data). Another important part here would be business continuity plan / disaster recovery to manage service disruption (e.g. service provider shuts down your access, denial of service) and data corruption (i.e. get a strong backup plan and solution).
Illegal risks: Physical and logical security are a very important part as the information you will store will very likely interest various people, including some that won't really care about the legal context in order to get your data (hackers, organizations, govs etc.). You want your stuff secured as hell, and typically you don't want to reinvent the wheel for your software solutions. Go and find what similar projects are using. Be very paranoid.

Basically, you want to make an in-depth risk analysis and determine what would be the exact threats for your specific project.
Then, to address the "funding" part of your question, the answer is yes, this can be achieved with limited funds. What you need to start this project (i.e. have a first version up and running) can be done with limited funds. The hosting provider will probably be the main spending, and the software system can be build on open-source and free solutions. After that, if your project grows, you will definitely need more money, but then I guess that it means you will have some support from your "customers" and users. Note that I refer to the technical part of your project, and this doesn't include any marketing plan or anything else related to the business aspects.
Answer: The key question is whether you need to host this anonymously. If you do, then it must be a Tor hidden service. You'll need a hosting provider that's comfortable with Tor. And you'll need to pay anonymously, perhaps using throughly laundered Bitcoins. Also, you must access the server only via Tor.
You might want to host locally, for better physical security. However, consider whether you would rather have the site compromised, or be discovered in possession of it.
If you don't need anonymous hosting, you can ignore most of that ;)


Is there a word for the ground next to a spring?

Question: In german I would say "quellig". That means the ground is highly influenced by spring water. There is also a characteristic vegetation at places like this. In english, is there a word for this type of soil - in geological sense?
Comment: I don't believe there is such a word; though English does have a word for [the wet side of a hill or the grassy area around a sundial](http://www.waxdog.com/jabberwocky/def.html) :)
Comment: The nearest you'll get is probably [oasis](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/oasis), but that's got strong connotations with [scarce] water sources in deserts.
Comment: maybe there is a geological/hydrological foreign word, something like marshy, boggy?
Answer: According to several glossaries of geological terms, the area around a spring may be called the "discharge area"; from the Portage, WI county groundwater glossary, for example:

DISCHARGE AREA: An area where groundwater emerges at the surface; an area where upward pressure or hydraulic head moves groundwater towards the surface to escape as a spring, seep, or baseflow of a stream.

Alternatively, a German horticultural society (Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft e.V. ("FlorSoz")) has a bilinguial page on the topic of swamp forest (boreal mire) vegetation in Scania, and they translate "quellig" as "seepage horizon", which also makes sense:

Während der Vegetationsperiode 1988 wurden die Erlenbruchwälder der südschwedischen Provinz Malmöhus Län (Schonen) pflanzensoziologisch untersucht. Um die Standorte genauer zu charakterisieren, wurden darüberhinaus exemplarisch Böden untersucht und pH-Wert-Messungen vorgenommen. Die Erlenruchwälder der Provinz lassen sich dem Carici elongatae-Alnetum zuordnen. Die Gesellschaft gliedert sich in drei Subassoziationen: Das Carici elongatae-Alnetum betuletosum wächst vor allem im Gebiet der nährstoffarmen Urgesteinsmoräne. Das Carici elongatae-Alnetum iridetosum findet man dagegen hauptsächlich in der südschonischen Hügellandschaft mit ihren nährstoff- und kalkreichen Böden. Auf Standorten mit stärker bewegtem, oft quellig hervortretendem Grundwasser stellt sich das Carici elongatae-Alnetum cardaminetosum ein. Die Erlenbruchwälder stocken i.a. auf organischen Nassböden (Niedermoor, Anmoor), die regelmäßig vom Grundwasser überstaut werden.
Black-alder swamp forest vegetation was studied phytosociologically at 117 sites in the province of Malmöhus Län (Skane) during the 1988 growing season. Soils were also studied and pH measurements were made. The forest vegetation shows a high affinity to the central European black-alder swamps, especially those of northern Germany. The plant community (Carici elongatae-Alnetum) occurs in the wettest meso-and eutrophic forest habitats, mostly on peat soil, where a permanently high groundwater table favors a hydrophilous vegetation. Three subassociations were found: 1. Carici elongatae-Alnetum betuletosum mostly restricted to the mesotrophic area of the gneiss moraine in central and northern Skäne; 2. C.-Alnetum iridetosum concentrated in the eutrophic lake district in southern Skine; and 3. C.-Alnetum cardaminetosum on sites with seepage horizons and a stronger flow of groundwater.
Comment: I found this "spring brook" at the EUNIS habitate classification (http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats-names-result.jsp). So "spring brook edges" comes closest too the word I'am looking for...
Comment: In English, "*brook*" means "small river or stream", a "*spring brook*" would be understood to be a small stream whose source was a spring. The "edges" of a brook (stream, river, etc) are usually called its "*banks*".  Your link doesn't work for me, but if you've got what you're looking for, I suggest you add it as a separate answer, and then accept it (so the next person searching for translations of "quellig" will find it).
Comment: @patrick_22726, Because, as I said above, "*spring brook*" would probably be understood to mean a stream (i.e. a *flow* of water), I'd suggest you use the other classification for "spring brook" [given on that EUNIS page](http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/276), "***spring mire***" (from the Palaearctic Habitat Classification 200112).
Comment: @ Dan Brown: how do you think about "seepage area next creek bank" ?
Comment: The *banks*, per se, do not have seepage areas (the banks are *earth*, not water, so they cannot seep); you could say "*the creek's seepage area*", or "*the creek's banks*", or "*the seepage area which forms on the creek's banks*" (if the seepage area is actually on the banks of the creek, not further than that).


Editing (end)-game: how to move few pieces in accordance with a book to follow the solution to a problem

Question: What is the most easy way to follow a dozen of moves from a book ?
I would like to edit a particular position and then see what the solution
in a book (in my case "100 endgames you must know" in Villa's book) says.
It is hard for me to follow just the notation in the book and actual moving pieces
would make things easier. Is better some program or rather web page; which one ?
I do not actually need to be advised by some engine, just editing and following
the solution will be enough.
Comment: Probably a dupe of either https://chess.stackexchange.com/q/31777/9025 or https://chess.stackexchange.com/q/16721/9025
Answer: I do this by having two physical chessboards. One for the book and one for my analysis.  It helps to have smaller "analysis" sized boards so that two boards do not take up too much space.
Answer: I use syzygy.com on my phone. Although it's a tablebase engine, I use it for setting up positions of any scale including FEN input and playing through them. It's just a single screen and no login or navigation is required. I feel a bit guilty because I am sure it would be good for my visualisation skills to just look at the diagram, but what the hey. I can also grab the FEN again easily to make a diagram or load into an online engine.
A bottleneck for me is the translation between text and spatial language. Maybe a mild dyslexia, maybe something to do with having learnt descriptive notation as a boy. I prefer animation if I am following a solution e.g. Chessbase.com or black & white figurines in the text if I must read from a book.
When I am composing problems I generally use Olive because that allows me to store lots of intermediate positions. It also has the built-in Popeye problem engine. If the problem is difficult, I may have a physical board in another room so I can shift to the other and get a change of posture and hopefully of perspective.
A physical board is particularly useful for solving or composing retrograde analysis because the physical pieces off the board gives me a count for pawn capture or promotion purposes.
Answer: Most authors expect readers to follow the moves as they read. By doing so you can focus on learning what the author is trying to teach you instead of leaving a good part of your attention to keeping track of the position.
The obvious option is a physical board but you can also use an analysis board on Lichess or open up a new Lichess study if you want to store your work (both options are free).
There's other software that can help you (like ChessBase for example) but it'd probably be a bit of overkill.


Macbook Pro Dock appearing randomly during movies and applications running

Question: Macbook Pro with Sierra 10.12.4. When in full screen view, while watching a movie or a video, the dock will randomly appear. Same issue when running application in window mode. Example Skype, not touching the pad and it seems like ghost clicking. The smaller camera window will appear, like I clicked somewhere to do multitasking. Any idea why this is happening?
Answer: One thing you could try is a full reset and restart of the Dock. Note you will need to re-add any non-default icons (i.e. apps) that you've added to the Dock - so you may want to take a screenshot of your Dock as a reminder of what you had there. (Or start afresh and only add things as you actually use them).
To reset and restart the Dock, follow these steps:

Go to Finder
Press and hold the option key down
Now go to the Go menu
Select the Library option to open the User's Library folder. You can let go of the option key now.
Go to the Preferences folder (i.e. within the Library folder)
Find and move the com.apple.dock.plist file to the Trash
Now open Terminal (usually located in Applications > Utilities)
Enter this command killall -KILL Dock
Press enter

This should resolve the issue. As mentioned previously, you will need to re-add non-default apps back to the Dock.


Why is NOLOCK implemented like that?

Question: Recently I have searched for NOLOCK option in SQL Server. What I've discovered is that when a transaction is active on a table, SQL Server does not allow even reading from a specific table until the transaction is either committed or rolled back (as far as I understood from When should you use "with (nolock)").
At the same time, other RDBMSes, such as PostgreSQL, allow you to read values from a row that has an active writing transaction on it. They would just give you the values that were there prior to the writing. Particularly that seems to be the behaviour with PostgreSQL MVCC (as I have learned from the Introduction to Chapter 13. Concurrency Control).
And I have this burning question. Why is there a possibility for deadlocks in SQL Server while in other RDBMSes you just get the old value before the new one is written?
NOTE: I am asking because I may have understood incorrectly.
Answer: SQL Server by default operates under Read Committed isolation.
If you want SQL Server to behave more like other implementations, what you're looking for is either Read Committed Snapshot Isolation, or Snapshot Isolation.
You can read more about them here.
Full disclosure, I am a Brent Ozar Unlimited employee
Using NOLOCK or Read Uncommitted is generally frowned upon for serious production use, as it can allow dirty reads and other unintended artifacts while modification queries are in progress.
Answer: To decide how to manage you blocking problems first read:
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL (Transact-SQL)
If you read this MSDN post you will see that there are several different configurations of how to manage how your data and throughput can be used.
On a highly-active server I have used Read Committed Snapshot Isolation, but usually Read Committed isolation is sufficient for less stressed systems.
And there are side-effects of every decision that you make.
Answer: SQL Standard defines Isolation levels as what is visible to concurrent transactions (and how to deal with Read Phenomena) , but vendors are free to choose any implementation that satisfies requirements.
  SQLServer historically uses locks based concurrency control implementation and locks resources a way more aggressively compared to other RDMBS.
To some extent you can control it (by enabling READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT option), but as its' name implies, the option works only for READ_COMMITTED isolation level, so applications written for other RDBMS may still encounter problems.

Why is NOLOCK implemented like that?


Where can I find NPC statistics for dragonborn and half elves?

Question: I swear I've seen it in the Monster Manual, but I can't seem to find it anymore. Where can I find statistics for dragonborn and half elf NPCs?
Answer: As far as I'm aware, the only mention in the Monster Manual of NPCs with a specific race is the following:

Racial Traits.
  You can add racial traits to an NPC.
  For example, a halfling priest might have a speed of 25
  feet and the Lucky trait. Adding racial traits to an NPC
  doesn't alter its challenge rating. For more on racial
  traits, see the
  Player's Handbook
  or the D&D player's
  basic rules.

So basically, if you want a dragonborn NPC, you should give them a breath weapon and damage resistance, just like a dragonborn PC. For half-elves, you would give them Fey Ancestry, Darkvision, and 2 skill proficiencies. Obviously in both cases you would also describe them with an appearance appropriate to their race.
You might have been thinking of half-dragon NPCs rather than dragonborn - half-dragons have a very well defined template which you add to an NPC to make it a half-dragon. (It's under H for half-dragon.) I'm not sure what you could have been thinking of for half-elves, though.
Comment: I might be thinking back to the 4e MM
Answer: You should check out the Dungeon Masters Guide. On page 282 it explains the creation of NPC's from scratch. It has a list of Racial features the NPC could have.

Dragonborn* +2 Str, + 1 Cha Breath Weapon (use challenge rating instead of level to determine damage), Damage Resistance, Draconic Ancestry; speaks Common and Draconic
*See the Player 's Handbook for descriptions of this race's features , none of which alter the NPC's challenge rating.

Another place to look is Appendix B from the Monster Manual (page 342), It contains stat blocks of "Medium humanoid (any race), any alignment"


What is the solution and the solvent in 80% solution of ethanol in water?

Question: I was wondering whether the solvent is water or ethanol, I think it must be ethanol because it is present in larger quantity; however, on the other hand water is the universal solvent so shouldn't it be the solvent.
Comment: The solvent is ethanol. Since both ethanol,water and solution are in the same phase and ethanol is in greater proportion, it will be called as the solvent
Comment: Of course the notion depends on context too. If I were studying a bunch of alcohols at different concentrations in water, then I would probably refer to water always as the solvent and whatever alcohol as the solute. Imagine trying to create a table and flipping from water being the solvent to ethanol. It would be really confusing.
Comment: You're severely misinterpreting the meaning of the phrase "universal solvent". All it means is that water *can* dissolve a lot of things, i.e. it *can* be a solvent for many chemicals. (And on top of that, that phrase is nearly always used in a biological context, because water is rubbish at dissolving most organic compounds.) It does not mean that water *always* takes on the role of the solvent.
Comment: @orthocresol - Geologists and mineralogists  "sometimes" use water too. It seems that in spite of the human preference for ethanol, mother earth likes water.
Answer: Magical thinking, such as thinking that because a certain chemical has a certain name, that (absent a systematic nomenclature system which requires the name to correspond to certain properties) it will magically exert some unique influence, is almost always incompatible with science. There is no requirement that a green house must be green, nor that the "universal solvent" (both water and time are often called that) means everything dissolves in it. Logical analysis requires the recognition that "a rose by any other name will smell as sweet". That is, what something is called may or may not help to characterize it.
Your question shows that you haven't discriminated between an 80% solution by mass fraction, by volume fraction, or by mole fraction - all of which are different compositions, in general. The more pointed question is if a mixture is exactly 50% of one, and 50% of the other is it a solution? And if so, which is the solvent and which is the solute? Note that the mass fraction is a conserved quantity (it doesn't change), but the volume fraction may not be a linear function of mass % (often abbreviated v/v and w/w, respectively (w is for "weight" even though chemists should know better) There are a variety of conventions which determine which of two liquids is the solvent and which is the solute. In dilute solution, the choice is obvious, but as concentration rises above 10%, there isn't necessarily one answer correct answer. Consider a solid dissolved in water at 80%. We'd still call that an aqueous solution. Even 80% sulfuric acid (not that "pure" sulfuric acid is a stable compound, but it should be considered a liquid (at STP) for most purposes) is generally considered an aqueous solution. Note that both of these solutions are quite un-water-like, compared to solutions where the solute is present at 0.1 molar or less (and is of fairly small molecular mass, say <1000 g/mole (but there's no definite cut-off)). Chemistry, more so than physics, is a pragmatic science. To give a good answer to your question, you'd have to explain the context you wanted to use "solvent" and "solute" in describing your mixture. The general rule of thumb is that the solvent is the continuous phase, but that answer has some problems (which I'll not go into here). A 1:1 mixture by moles would have 18g of water for every 46 g of ethanol or would be about 72 weight % ethanol. (EtOH/Water mixtures do not conserve volume, so that adding 28 ml of water to 72 ml of EtOH would result in less than 100 ml. But volume % is generally meant to imply volume of the starting materials rather than the volume each compound occupies in the mixture). So an 80% solution would mean that there's slightly more EtOH (by volume, much more by mass and slightly more by moles) than water. There are three perfectly valid answers: 1) EtOH is the solvent. 2)Each is dissolved in the other. 3)Water is the solvent. 4)It's better called a mixture than a solution, (even better a "homogeneous mixture"). Oh wait, did I say 3? LOL! To reiterate, as the concentration increases, it becomes less and less USEFUL to characterize one liquid (in a binary system) as the solvent and the other as the solute. So the answer is moot.
Comment: I think you have very good points, but it could do with a bit of paragraphing. By the way, to make a new paragraph, you need to press `Enter` twice.
Answer: To identify a solvent:
1) If the components are in different phases, then component having same phase as that of solution is considered as solvent.
2) If both the components are in same phase, component having low b.p. is considered as solvent.


Reason(s) for not making stock with oily fish (salmon)?

Question: Making stock from oily fish is often advised against, but what is the big deal? Does it just taste really bad?
Answer: Salmon or Tuna will make a very strong flavoured stock and will have lots of oil that coat your tongue.  Not what you're looking for if you want a light brightly flavoured fish sauce.
In a traditional French kitchen you want generic stocks (fish/brown/chicken/veal) that are able to be used for a wide range of sauces/dishes so having a salmon stock around doesn't meet that criteria.
That said, I worked at a restaurant that made fish stock from salmon bones all the time as it was mainly used in a house specialty, a very robust West Coast spin on Bouillabaisse.  Any true Frechman would have turned his back on us in disgust for doing what we did but damn it, it tasted great and the customers loved it!  For any other fish sauces we used the traditional white fish bones.
FYI...Japanese dishes use Bonito flakes (tuna) liberally to make dashi(sp?) which is a fish flavoured broth for miso soup as well as other items.
So basically what I'm saying is if a fatty fish stock gets the job done for you and you're happy with it then go for it.  Just remember that if you're trying to make a classic recipe then using a non-traditional ingredient will mess it up.
Comment: I read in James Peterson's book "Sauces" today that you can use stock from oily fish if you are making a red wine sauce.
Answer: Make stock as mentioned above with salmon or other oily fish but you will need to decant and remove oil. You will have fish stock that isn't oily and fish/salmon oil to cook with..
Comment: Your answer could be improved with additional supporting information. Please [edit] to add further details, such as citations or documentation, so that others can confirm that your answer is correct. You can find more information on how to write good answers [in the help center](/help/how-to-answer).


Health monitoring not working

Question: I am trying to set up health monitoring on an IIS 6/ASP.NET 2 application running on Windows Server 2003.
What I want to do for a first step, is getting the Application Lifetime Events in addition to the default events (as specified in C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727\CONFIG\web.config).
On my dev machine running IIS 7 as NetworkService on Windows 7 that works fine.
On the IIS 6 machine, the default events still get logged to the event log but the additional life time events do not. In addition, no events regarding misconfiguration get logged or shown. Also, using a SimpleMailProvider instead of the event logging does not produce results.
It looks like it is just ignoring my settings. I have tried many variations of settings - even copied all the global healthmonitoring settings into the application web.config - but no luck.
Thanks in advance!
Here is the settings I added to the web.config:
<healthMonitoring enabled="true">
    <rules>
        <clear />
        <add name="All Errors Default" eventName="All Errors" provider="EventLogProvider" profile="Critical" />
        <add name="Application Lifetime Events Default" eventName="Application Lifetime Events" provider="EventLogProvider" profile="Critical" />
        <add name="Failure Audits Default" eventName="Failure Audits" provider="EventLogProvider" profile="Critical" />
    </rules>
</healthMonitoring>

Answer: It may be possible that your account NetworkService does not have access to the registry - which is required by the logging framework.
Grant read/write access to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Eventlog\Application

and see if that helps.

Health monitoring not working


Getting more call metadata from a generic call

Question: I'm trying to build a somewhat generic, somewhat specific call dispatcher that allows me to inspect metadata about the call in order to constrain it by either

call index / pallet index
call name / pallet name

Here is an example trait implemented in my trait Config
/// Proposed dispatchable call
type Proposal: Parameter
    + Dispatchable<Origin = Self::Origin>
    + EncodeLike
    + Decode
    + GetDispatchInfo;

I'm aware of the traits GetCallName and GetCallMetadata but they don't seem to be implemented on a generic Call instantiated at the runtime level. For clarity, my runtime implementation is
impl Config for Test {
    ...
    type Proposal = Call;
}

I don't want to allow just any call to be processed in some functions. My intention is to do something like:
ensure!(call.get_call_metadata().function_name() === "hardcoded_function_name")

or
ensure!(valid_calls.contains(call.get_call_metadata().function_name()))

Is there an easy or thoughtful way to approach this in Substrate-style that allows me to keep generality. For example, it would be interesting if the call was filterable somehow so that 10 calls were allowed and I can define these at runtime (I had tried to add a tuple and implement a trait for tuples but it seemed too hacky).
Answer: You can filter the call in runtime. Here is how proxy do:
Provide a filter configuration here https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/blob/master/frame/proxy/src/lib.rs#L124-L134.
Configure it here https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/blob/master/bin/node/runtime/src/lib.rs#L264-L319.


Does the lockpicking skill level in and of itself affect the difficulty of picking a lock?

Question: My lockpicking is 100 and I am thinking about setting it to legendary so I can return my few perks back to the pool.  I don't want to do this, though, if resetting it back to 15 will make lockpicking harder.
Answer: Yes.  The higher your lock picking the longer your picks will last while trying to open the lock.  If you reset back to 15, your picks will break very often, thus making it necessary to constantly try to remember and find where the hot spot is for picking the lock.
This will mean that it may take you a lot more lock picks before finding the hotspot of a difficult lock.
Answer: Depending on how high your level is before you set the lockpicking skill to legendary depends on how much harder it is to level up the skill again. So for instance, if you're level is 80 or above. When you try to level up your lockpicking again, it would take longer than it normally would if you were at a lower level.


Logistic Regression: multicollinearity and Kappa statistics

Question: I may be wrong but from my understanding logistic regression requires there to be little or no multicollinearity among the independent variables, and yet Kappa statistics as part of postResample() function in caret library (r) is a measure of reliability of the model. If we all agree that in Kappa 0 represents the amount of agreement that can be expected from random chance and that with 0 our model accuracy test is inconclusive, how can we start from the assumption of little or no multicollinearity among independent variables? Have I misread the entire model and failed to understand its basic pillars? Any useful answer is highly appreciated. Thanks
Answer: Kappa is a measure of inter-rater agreement. Kappa is 0 when
Rating 1: 1, 2, 3, 2, 1
Rating 2: 0, 1, 2, 1, 0
because the two do not agree at all. But the two ratings have a correlation of 1.0, because they perfectly covary.
Multicollinearity is about the correlation (or covariance) among X's. Kappa is irrelevant here.
Comment: Thanks bellmaneqn. Valid point. The main issue I have is about the reliability of the logistic regression model I built out of 3 variables using multinom() function from nnet package and delivering a 93% accuracy with Kappa 0 after calling postResample to validate its results. I am pretty sure there is no relationship explaining any variance with my predictors over the dependent variable which is not aligned with that 93% accuracy result delivered. Thanks
Comment: I am not sure if I understand your situation. So you have a model with a Y and two X's. Now you built a logit of the two X's to predict Y and you get 93% accuracy. What is the Kappa = 0 about? Kappa of the two X's?
Comment: In this instance Kappa is one of the output of postResample function and presumably is calculated between the values (0 or 1) that can be assumed by the response categorical/binomial variable Y. There is an overwhelming majority of 0 in the observations of the entire dataset (which could account for high accuracy) but the independent variables have close to 0 incidence to Y which made me raise the question in the first place
Answer: To put it more broadly, multicollinearity can be an issue when it comes to either linear or generalized linear models (the latter including logistic regressions).
First of all, are you using the Kappa statistic as a measure of multicollinearity? If so, then you would be better off using VIF (variance inflation factor), which is included in the car package.
The Kappa statistic measures inter-rater agreement for qualitative items, but you can run into issues if some of your independent variables are in interval format.
Suppose you have the following regression equation:
reg1 <- glm(y ~ x1 + x2 + x3, data = mydata)

To test for VIF, you can simply apply:
vif(reg1)

In general, if you obtain a VIF statistic below 5 for a variable, then you can make the assumption that this variable does not suffer from multicollinearity and does not need to be discarded from the model. You should observe the theoretical meaning behind each independent variable and how it relates to the dependent, as there can be cases where it makes mroe sense to retain a multicollinear variable if it is of importance in explaining variation in the dependent variable.
Comment: Hi Michael, thanks for your prompt and insightful reply. In my dataset I have 3 variables: 2 predictive X made of quantitative continuous variables and 1 categorical binary dependent variable Y (following the dictates of the logistic regression). After calling postResample() I got an accuracy of the model of 93.18% (which sounds too good to be true) with Kappa value at 0. I am confident of the low incidence of the predictors (X) over Y (as also confirmed from the type="class" argument in the predict function) which made me wonder: how can I have such high accuracy from such variables? Thanks
Comment: Are you using the Kappa value to detect multicollinearity in its own right? Also, when you are detecting accuracy have you split the data into training and test partitions? If not, you might be overfitting. I would recommend using VIF to see if multicollinearity is present in the first instance, and you'll be better able to work from there.


How to automate exporting multiple PNGs with different sizes from Photoshop?

Question: I have a PSD file with a 96 px × 96 px resolution. Now I want to save this as four PNG files with different resolutions such as 36 px × 36 px, 48 px × 48 px, 72 px × 72 px and 96 px × 96px. Instead of adjusting the image size manually four times and saving as option, can I automate this somehow?
Comment: Please try the answer @NickBeus gave, and give him the green checkmark if it works for you. This answer helped me so much. I can't tell you how many times I've opened the "Save For Web" dialog just to change the output size ONE MORE TIME. The "Image Assets" window lets you add all the sizes & filename suffixes you need and just export them all.
Answer: Not a complete solution, but this might help someone who's come here from Google.
If you save with File → Save for Web you can re-size during the saving process, the options are on the right-hand side under Image Size.
I do this quite often when I need a couple of different sizes for an image, although as the other responses have noted, if you are designing icons, use vectors, it'll make your life so much easier.
Comment: I am amazed. I had never actually noticed the re-size option in Save for Web :o
Comment: and you can also use `Alt+Ctrl+Shift+S` to launch `Save for Web` dialog in CS6.
Answer: With Photoshop CC, there is now a feature called Photoshop Generator which is designed to create multiple images
You can read about Generator here.
An excerpt:

Generator allows you to create image assets in real time as you work, eliminating the tedious steps of copying, slicing and exporting each layer manually, and saving you hours of time. Simply add a file extension to the name of your layer or layer group, and Photoshop will automatically create a JPG, PNG or GIF from the contents of that layer. If you make a change to that layer, the file is immediately updated. This means that you now have a folder of images that are always up-to-date with your Photoshop design.
Answer: How many times do you need to export the icon? If it's just the one icon, your best option is probably just to draw everything using vectors and layer styles, resize the document, make any adjustments required and save the PNG (optionally keeping the PSD for future exporting).
If you need to repeat the process many times, I'd recommend setting everything up as a sprite sheet with slices.
Here's something I wrote on the topic (includes many exporting techniques): Exporting from Photoshop.
When designing icons, you often need to manually tweak the smaller sizes individually — might be worth keeping that in mind as you build all the sizes.
Answer: As Marc mentioned above, you're probably better off scaling vectors in the document and using sprite sheets.
The one thing you should avoid is scaling during Save for Web as Maxism suggests. I wrote a post comparing the results of different techniques and Save for Web consistently produced assets with artifacts and half-pixels: Scaling down and exporting assets in Photoshop.
I also made a Photoshop script that automates the process of exporting those assets: EXPORT TO ANDROID PHOTOSHOP SCRIPT.
Hope this helps.
Answer: There's no good way to go from 96 down to 36 automatically. Even at 48 you're going to see your design start to fall apart.
The only benefit would be if you have a lot of icons to export in this way and you plan to come back and clean them up. You can record it as an action or use jsx, if you're so inclined.
For your particular design, I would experiment with going down in steps or exporting each version from the original 96px version. Usually steps are best but on some designs it can introduce progressive amounts of distortion.
Answer: Create your icons in mdpi and use this Photoshop Action to export it in ldpi, hdpi and xhdpi. From mdpi to xhdpi it works good, but ldpi and hdpi looks a bit blurred.
Link to the Article
Download the Photoshop Action
Answer: Try this http://blog.mready.net/2013/07/dg-photoshop-action-dpi-resizing/.
It's a plugin which can be used for I think your purpose with the resolutions that you say. I use it for Android icons.
Answer: There is a new option in Photoschop CC 2014. It's called "Generate Assets" it's under "file" and you can choose 0.25x, 0.5x, 2x, 3x and you can configure self the dimensions. It will export your layers to any fileformat and in different dimensions (if you want to).
Comment: This answer is SOOO good. First you have to go to "FILE > GENERATE" and check "Image Assets". Then go to "FILE > EXPORT > EXPORT AS" and you'll get the best menu I've ever used in Photoshop, where you can add sizes and give them each a custom suffix!

This is in Adobe Photoshop CC, of course. My CS4 died with a Mac OSX update, and so I have no idea about any version aside from the one I'm using now.
Answer: I believe this is exactly what you want.
https://github.com/austynmahoney/mobile-export-scripts-illustrator
If you are comfortable opening each .psd in Illustrator you can output to multiple sizes easily by tweaking the scaling factors in the .jsx file.

The baseline image used for Android is xhdpi, for iOS it is @2x. The script will scale up and down from these sizes.
Answer: I found nothing simple in Adobe land to do this for me. If you have or are willing to install ImageMagick, and you're comfortable with the command line, then the convert CLI tool is great.
I wrote this shell script which accepts widths and resizes an image until you hit enter without a number:
#!/bin/sh

oot="${1%.*}"
ext="${2:-png}"
while read -p 'width: ' -r && [ "$REPLY" -gt 0 ]; do
    convert "$1" -resize "$REPLY"x "$oot-$REPLY.$ext"
done

I named mine multi-resize.sh and put it in ~/bin/ so it's available everywhere.
You'd then execute it in a shell like so on any image:
$ multi-resize.sh foo.png
width: 96
width: 72
width: 48
width: 36
width:
$

You'll have foo-72.png, etc. in the same directory. You can also change the output type by adding its extension as a second argument:
$ multi-resize.sh IMG_3456.JPG jpg

Answer: A nice Mac Program called "Ship it" does exactly what you're asking: Export an image into Multiple Sizes/Formats. I've used it. Here's the link on the Mac App Store: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/shipit!/id492043869
Comment: This app is no longer available in the Canadian and the United States iTunes store... or AppStore...
Answer: I tried using the 'Export as' dialogue. Can't believe there is a way to save things out of Photoshop I hadn't tried yet?
Well it fails on two counts. First, the ratios are not very helpful when trying to hit certain targets. For example Album art template in Photoshop is 3000x3000. This is great for Apple Music. But Bandcamp wants 1400x1400. Some other services want 150x150 300x300, 500x500 and 1000x1000. Try hitting those numbers from 3kx3k without going under or over. A task which is made more difficult because Photoshop will not let you input ratios that use more than 2 decimal places. And even those it rounds up.
Worst, you cannot save your settings here! So I have an established workflow where I am always going to need to hit 5 sizes of the same image every time. I am going to have to write those ratios and suffixes down on a post it and stick it to my monitor so I can get it right. Adobe won't save those values as a preset the way I can in other dialogues.
The better solution is just to record an Action where I save a 3000x3000 document to each size using Save for Web, or image resize and save for web.


eBay API call not working for UPC/EAN

Question: eBay's API findItemsByProduct operation would work on UPC and EAN. But unfortunately it is not working.
The below HTTP GET request for example, throws an "Invalid product ID value." [error 41]
http://svcs.ebay.com/services/search/FindingService/v1?SECURITY-APPNAME=MY-APP-ID-GOES-HERE&OPERATION-NAME=findItemsByProduct&SERVICE-VERSION=1.0.0&RESPONSE-DATA-FORMAT=XML&REST-PAYLOAD&productId.@type=EAN&productId=0016000275270&paginationInput.entriesPerPage=3
Note: Please replace the SECURITY-APPNAME's value with your eBay's free APP-ID. I've replaced it with MY-APP-ID-GOES-HERE for obvious reasons.
eBay's API for the above function can be found here: http://developer.ebay.com/DevZone/finding/CallRef/findItemsByProduct.html#findItemsByProduct
The output is:
<code><findItemsByProductResponse xmlns="http://www.ebay.com/marketplace/search/v1/services">
<ack>Failure</ack>
<errorMessage>
<error>
<errorId>41</errorId>
<domain>Marketplace</domain>
<severity>Error</severity>
<category>Request</category>
<message>Invalid product ID value.</message>
<subdomain>Search</subdomain>
<parameter>0016000275270</parameter>
</error>
</errorMessage>
<version>1.12.0</version>
<timestamp>2014-03-11T18:38:13.543Z</timestamp>
</findItemsByProductResponse>
</code>
Could somebody spot any mistake with above call? Thanks.
FWIW, 0016000275270 is a valid bar code
http://www.upcdatabase.com/item/0016000275270
Answer: From ebay documentation belowl link you are limited to few categories only!! http://developer.ebay.com/DevZone/finding/CallRef/findItemsByProduct.html#findItemsByProduct
ISBN
The ISBN-10 or ISBN-13 value for books. If you know a book's ISBN, you can use this instead of the eBay Reference ID to search for that book.
UPC
The UPC value for products in Music (e.g., CDs), DVD and Movie, and Video Game categories (or domains). If you know a product's UPC number, you can use this value instead of the eBay Reference ID to search for that product.
EAN
The EAN value for books (most commonly used in European countries). If you know a book's EAN, you can use this instead of the eBay Reference ID to search for that book.
As an example, try this sample upc = 883929106646 (Its a upccode for a movie)

http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=883929106646
Here search ebay.com with valid UPC (Music category). Result : Positive
http://www.upcdatabase.com/item/883929106646
UPC database has a positive hit
http://svcs.ebay.com/services/search/FindingService/v1?SECURITY-APPNAME=MyAppID&OPERATION-NAME=findItemsByProduct&SERVICE-VERSION=1.0.0&RESPONSE-DATA-FORMAT=XML&REST-PAYLOAD&productId.@type=UPC&productId=883929106646&paginationInput.entriesPerPage=3

positive xml response [Don't forget to change MyAppID above]
Conclusion:
Nothing wrong with your query. Just ebay doesnt have upc/ean from all categories. EBAY Limitation
Answer: Looking at the eBay documentation, is seems that you can only use an UPC value for products in Music (e.g., CDs), DVDs & Movies, and Video Games categories. The error message makes sense as your UPC refers to a product, General Mills Honey Nut Cheerios Cereal, that won't be availabe in any of those categories. In addition there also appears to be a max length of 12 when specifing a UPC.
Answer: It looks like that's not a UPC ebay knows, so the error message looks reasonable. If you do a general search on ebay with a UPC and it doesn't come back with a product-specific results page, it's likely not in ebay's system.

eBay API call not working for UPC/EAN


Does an n player realm include the host?

Question: Does an n player realm include the host? For example, is a 2 player realm the host AND two players or the host and a friend?
Comment: I'm not exactly sure what you're trying to say. Could you please rephrase that?
Answer: For the 2-person realm, the following apply:

The Owner/Host plus 2 additional people may be online playing on the realm at one time. The host does not need to be logged in for the additional 2 people to play.
You may invite more than 2 people to a realm. I am not sure what the cap is, but in my experience, you should not worry about it. Just invite as many players as you like.
The Realm is always online, and because of that, you must be connected to the internet at all times to play on a realm.

If you want more than 2 additional players on at once, you may want to look into the Host+10 subscription option.
Additionally, if you don't mind being on every time your additional players want to play, the realm is unnecessary, and you can host a world for FREE with up to 8 people (including the host this time). This does require a stable internet connection as well, and if you are on a console, you may require having a subscription to the Online Service (in your case 'Gold').
Comment: Though I assume you already have Gold since you are asking about Realms in the first place?


moving apps to my SD card on my Xperia E 4.1.1

Question: Okay, I have an Xperia E android 4.1.1. It has 2 GB internal space and so I got an 8 GB SD card. I noticed that any app I download occupies space in my internal memory. I tried moving them to SD card but I can't do it in the way given on Google - Settings>apps>manage>move to SD card. When I go to my settings I don't get any Manage Applications. I just get my apps and there are options like Move to phone or Move to Internal Storage. I also tried App2SD. But it didn't work. Isn't there any other alternative than rooting my mobile? Please help
Comment: Rooting is the only option.
Answer: Android no longer natively supports moving apps to SD Card.  Some manufacturers that ship phones with SD Card slot (like Samsung, for example) often do include this functionality.  Apparently Sony is not one of these manufacturers, so you will not be able to use your SD Card for app storage with their stock firmware.
If you decide to root your device, you will be able to use apps such as Link2SD to move apps to your SD Card.  Note that you will need to re-partition your SD Card (and re-format it) in a special way to be able to take advantage of this feature.  You will also not be able to easily swap the SD Cards in and out, as it will become an "extension" of your phone's internal memory.


How do hackers obtain the memory addresses of variables?

Question: I've seen countless tutorials on hacking telling you that all you need to do is find the memory address of a variable and edit it, the problem is, they never explain how to do it. I'm not one for blackhat hacking and am only interested in making sure that my programs are as secure as possible but it's quite a hassle for me. I'm not sure whether finding the memory addresses is language/os specific so I'm kneeling on one knee with this question. Thanks
Comment: This isn't how "hacking" works, at all. That sounds more like cheating in games than anything security related.
Comment: @Polynomial It was for programs with logins
Comment: editing the "username" and "password" variables, though it specifically said they had to be called that. Do variables names affect memory addresses
Comment: What would they get out of that, though? They'd need to be executing malware at the same privilege level as your program, or higher, at which point reading or writing your process memory is redundant.
Comment: First you run the software locally and use a debugger to find the memory locations. You craft your attack using these locations. You then fire this attack at a remote system and hope the locations are the same. These days there are many anti-exploitation defences (like ALSR) and also smarter attacking techniques to get around them.
Answer: Start the program and use a debugger to find the memory locations. You base your hack around these locations. You then use this hack on a remote system and hope the locations are the same. There are many anti-exploitation defences though, so be careful, but there are also better hacking techniques to get around them. Hope this was helpful.
Comment: Is this just a rewrite of the comment by @paj28?
Comment: @Anders Yes it is. -1


Oscilloscope and main earth reference

Question: I have AC/DC 3/6/12V out universal adapter with two pins (without earth connector) and would like to use it for powering my arduino project and playing with oscilloscope. Knowing that my oscilloscope will make big bang if power supply is connected to main earth ground, I would like to test somehow if some of the AC 220V wires are connected to main earth ground.
I know that my AC/DC is safe because of plug type but how to know that somewhere in the system main earth ground is not connected to phase or neutral.
Answer: The ground of your oscilloscope will be connected to mains earth assuming you're using a socket that has an eart connection. For safety, it should have this !
If the mains adapter you're using to feed your arduino board has a main earth connection then the same will aply tho this adapter.
Most mains adapter however do not have a mains earth connection and these will be floating with respect to earth.
For both adapter cases it is safe to connect the arduino's ground to the scope's ground.
To safely measure mains voltage on a scope you need to use an isolated probe or measure through a transformer for isolation.
Some (battery operated) portable scopes have an isolated ground and this in combination with appropriate high voltage rated inputs is enough to measure mains directly. But most bench scopes are unsuited for this.
I also highly recommend this video by Dave from the EEVBLOG !
Comment: +1 The Tek TPS2024 is great for this- mains or battery power and the four channels are individually isolated (good for hundreds of volts) so you can look at a 3-phase power line etc.
Comment: Looking at that Tek TPS2024 I instantly notice how it's BNC plugs look different (black instead of metal) because they're shielded and isolated. Of course you have to use them with isolated probes so you cannot touch the shielding.
Comment: Good observation - they're plastic and probably a bit fragile (Tek includes a spare set- I've not broken one yet). The legal warning stickers say not to use the included probes (which are properly insulated but not CATxx rated) beyond 30V RMS and the firmware forces you to agree every time it powers up!
Answer: If you use your AC/DC adapter to power your arduino board, and use the oscilloscope just to look at signals on the board then there will be no issue with your oscilloscope blowing up. The 3V/6V/12V power output from the adapter is not connected to ground in any way, it is isolated or "floating". The problem can arise if you use your oscilloscope to connect to the 220V AC voltage. Then you can expect a big bang. There are ways around this too, but it's safer not to do it!
Answer:

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Figure 1. Isolated power supply. Earthed oscilloscope.
This simplified circuit shows that the low-voltage DC supply is electrically isolated from the mains. You can safely connect either V+ or V- (but not both together) to the oscilloscope ground.
Comment: This isn't true, the scope has dual power supply and the center tap is connected to the earth.
Comment: Thanks, @Marko. I don't see any reference to the scope power supply or make or model in the OP's question. I read his question as to whether the DC outputs of his PSU were referenced to the mains L or N. What do you think?
Answer: My old analog scope has a transformer to supply CRT and all analog circuits, I know beacause I got a schematics with it. So, whenever I need to measure like you, I do connect a mains plug that has the earth pin removed, now I get a floating case and scope's ground. It shall be noted that I use gloves and watch the other people if they move around the scope, since it can be lethaly dangerous, also it is advisable to know or measure a priori, the signal that will be connected to chasis with probe's croco clips, like ground, neutral, earth, not a live wire or +DC bus.
Comment: Mad and bad. Not such a problem with handheld scopes such as Fluke's Scopemeters which have fully isolated cases and test lead connnectors.
Comment: I don't have a handheld Fluke scope, if you give me one...
Comment: @transistor Also if you look at EEVblog proposal: link from FakeMoustache answer, my solution is exactly the same and I was not the one who invented it, it was proposed to me by others, so don't be such critic, you don't have the knowledge of the entire science.
Comment: Steady-on, Marko! I'm well aware of the problem, the 'floating scope' solution and the hazards involved, hence my comment. :^)
Comment: I had a look at the [EEVblog](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ) video, thanks. At 7:40 he shows isolation as I have sketched it in my answer. At 23:00 he discusses isolation transformers for both circuit under test and oscilloscope and advises against floating the scope for safety reasons. However, I understand that people do it.

Oscilloscope and main earth reference


How to install webkitgtk1 on RHEL7

Question: I am running software on RedHat Enterprise Linux 7 which requires libwebkitgtk-1.0. Unfortunately RHEL7 comes only with webkitgtk3. In contrast, RHEL6 had only webkitgtk. Other distributions like Debian, Ubuntu and openSuSE provide both versions of webkitgtk. Is there a way I could install the first version on RHEL7?
Answer: You can download webkitgtk-2.2.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm for rhel7 for example from http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/27127038/dir/redhat_el_7/com/webkitgtk-2.2.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.html and then install by rpm -ihv webkitgtk-2.2.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
It need libsecret,libwebp, gstreamer1-plugins-base packages - yuu can install it from rhel7/centos7
Alternativly, but "right way" - yuu can add whole epel repository:
yum install epel-release

And then install webkitgtk package by
yum install webkitgtk

Comment: `yum install epel-release` did not work but manually downloading and installing it worked. `webkitgtk` installed and my software works now. Thanks!
Comment: This was a perfect fix on my CentOS 7 box.
Comment: That command to install `epel-release` is there by default on CentOS *only*.  It's not available on RHEL systems.  For details, see [the fedora wiki](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL).
Answer: I've traced this issue for almost two days and finally it works!
Here is the solution to install via yum when yum install epel-release doen't work for you.
add nux-dextop repo:
rpm -Uvh http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el7/x86_64/nux-dextop-release-0-5.el7.nux.noarch.rpm

then install webkitgtk
yum install webkitgtk

you might hit 'y' twice to confirm you want to install webkitgtk from a third-party source.
Answer: this is a good link as it led me to a workaround but is the advice still current? I can only see webkit3 and 4 in the latest CentOS 7 repo and not webkit1 or 2(and have installed epel as well)
Name        : webkitgtk3
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 2.4.11
Release     : 2.el7
Size        : 11 M
Repo        : base/7/x86_64
Summary     : GTK+ Web content engine library

Name        : webkitgtk4
Arch        : x86_64
Version     : 2.16.6
Release     : 6.el7
Size        : 25 M
Repo        : base/7/x86_64

I manually downloaded and rpm installed webkitgtk-2.4.9-3.el7.nux.x86_64.rpm (from https://centos.pkgs.org/7/nux-dextop-x86_64/webkitgtk-2.4.9-3.el7.nux.x86_64.rpm.html ) then used
export SWT_GTK3=0
export SWT_WEBKIT2=0

before launching the application and this worked, but it would be ideal if this could be achieved via yum?
# uname -a
Linux myhost 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Sep 26 15:12:11 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

cheers
Rod
Comment: is this a question or answer?
Comment: Its a bit of both. I am grateful to the original author for posting this and I am sure the first reply was correct at the time of writing. However since replying I have discovered that RedHat removed webkitgtk from the official repository. The link in the original article is broken so I provided the location where people can now download it as well as additional help in the form of SWT_GTK3 in case anyone wants to try this. My question is  - is manually installing the rpm the only method or is there another repo I am not aware of which will allow you to yum install it?

How to install webkitgtk1 on RHEL7


ios unwindsegue not showing correct drop-down options

Question: This might be more of an xcode problem though I'm hoping someone might know someway to help.
I have a VC A that push's to VC B.
In VC A I have defined  - (IBAction)doneUnWindingFromBToA :(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue {}
In VC C I defined   - (IBAction)doneUnWindingFromBToC :(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue {}
When I drag a UIButton to the Exit button I only see doneUnWindingFromBToC - even though, that push segue has been deleted in the storyboard.
Currently, there is only one segue (push, from A to B) leading into B.
I have also tried to manually create a segue - dragging the scene's view controller icon to its exit icon.
How do I reset the dropdown?
UPDATE:
I commented out the code in VC C and now VC B doesnt let me ctrl drag into the Exit icon.
Answer: Its a bug. I'll file a report soon.
I solved it by creating another action method just like the first one (added one extra character) and now it works.


Moving source files in Xcode 4.2

Question: How can I move source files physically from one folder to another, and tell Xcode 4.2 the new path to those files?
Comment: Useful tips here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4414181/moving-files-into-a-real-folder-in-xcode
Answer: See The Xcode hierarchy is a purely visual organization system. It has no effect on your actual file hierarchy. Xcode leaves the actual file system up to you.
Thus, you could, if you wanted to, have one folder on disk with all your source files, resources, etc. And then, in Xcode, you could have an elaborately organized hierarchy to display your source files.
To get your things done first Make a copy of files in desired directory. Then remove all those files from the Xcode Project. Then add the existing files from new directory and this way you can get Xcode to link to new directory.
Let me know if this helps.
Thanks
Answer: Thank you for your solution.
I created aproject X and later on, a view controller with 2 files XViewController.h and XViewController.m inside this project. Those files (by some mistake) were not created inside the physical+xcodevirtual project folder X, but in the root folder that contained X.
When I moved those files from inside Xcode to the X folder, the files seem that they moved there under X and they showed up there in the project hierarchy.
However, this way I ended up with 2 physical copies of them, on at the same level as X physical folder, and another under X.
After adding a property in the XViewController.h and build the project I noticed that my change did not work, and the Xcode reported the error that there was no such property inside the XViewController class and in the .h file.
Using "Show in finder" option I found the real file. Then I copied the updated physical files under X physical folder and delete the files that were in the same directory level as X. That way the Xcode project references to these files became red, implying that the virtual environment had lost the files. So, I completely deleted them from inside Xcode.
Then using File --> "Add Files to X..." menu option I re-connect the "good" physical files to my project X, and this messing problem was solved.

Moving source files in Xcode 4.2


How can we read the smart contracts deployed on the relay chain parachain

Question: Is there a similar feature to etherscan where codes are human readable? Or solcscan where contracts are in bytecodes? I can't seem to find any explorer.
Answer: you can read the bytecode/wasm of the contracts in Polkadot.js explorer from chain state. For the wasm contracts, it is at contracts.codeStorage() and for EVM contracts evm.accountCodes()
As for contract verification, I think only Polkaholic currently supports that for wasm contracts. Here is one example