What we have to do for bad karma from a prior life?

Question: If our present suffering is the result of bad karma from a prior life, what is the real present remedy for suffering in this life?
Answer: Don't philosophize about past lives. You were born a human being, that in itself is a condition for old age, sickness and death (and all other types of suffering).
As for the remedy the Buddha stated

This is the only way, monks, for the purification of beings, for the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, for the destruction of suffering and grief, for reaching the right path, for the attainment of Nibbana, namely, the four foundations of mindfulness.

Practicing sati (mindfulness) is in Buddhism seen as the way of purification and the basis of wisdom. You can find many help & instructions already posted in questions on this site. Also there is a quite popular and helpful practical booklet about this on the internet.
Comment: Practicing sati (mindfulness) does not remedy old age, sickness and death. The quote states practicing sati (mindfulness) is for the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation.
Comment: "... for the attainment of Nibbana" Sometimes Nibbana is translated as 'The Deathless', so technically sati does lead to the end of old age & death and therefore is a remedy. But you're right that counteracting the mental quality of suffering is obviously the main practice with sati.
Comment: the 'Deathless' means there is no 'self' that experiences the angst, fear, suffering & grief of 'death' (refer to MN 140, near the end). 'Death' in the language of ultimate truth means the view or idea that 'a being', 'self' or 'person' will 'die' (definition of aging-&-death in SN 12.2). In enlightenment, there is no 'death'. Instead, all that happens is the five aggregates come to an end (refer to Yamaka Sutta). In summary, to use the 'conventional language' meaning of 'death', Satipatthana results in being unaffected by death because Satipatthana results in non-clinging to life or death.
Comment: I agree with you :)
Comment: warrants a smile  :)
Comment: See also, [What does deathless mean?](http://buddhism.stackexchange.com/q/10926/254)
Answer: your question falls into the 6th thing Buddha said we should know about Karma
1) what is Karma -   intention
2) stage where karma is played out.  (i dont know if my pali English text is correct, Nidhana-sam-Bhava)  the answer is Pasa or dection.  Karma can bare result in those who have detection.  This matches independent origination detection is a condition for feeling to arise, in this case feeling of unpleasantness.
3) levels of Karma; karma that results in beings to be in hell realms, in animal wombs, in hungry ghost realms, in human realms, in heavens.
4)Time of karma.  Immediate, further in the future, or even more further in the future.
5) the end of karma.  Karma ends when detection ends.
6)path/road to the end of karma.  That's 8 fold paths.
Please notice that the fundamental things to know about Karma matches well with OidaOudenEidos' answer.  Right mindfulness and concentration are 8 fold path.
This Demonstrates Buddha's great ability, no matter when and where he spoke of Dhamma, they all match well together.
Answer: We live in a befuddled world where one is born inferior and another superior. The inequalities among each other are numerous. How could one be born into a life of affluence, and another to abject poverty? How could one live long and another die young? How ill-luck could befalls the virtuous, and the wicked have all the luck? Why would one have to lead a sickly life when another is strong and healthy? How can there be a ravishing beauty and an ugly duckling in the same family. It is these kind of observations that made you ask the question…  If our present suffering is the result of bad karma from a prior life, what is the real present remedy for suffering in this life?
This is where the Buddha's teachings come in help. The teaching on kamma, or intentional action, is perceived by most of us as the idea that what you experience now comes from what you did in the past. It is erroneous thinking.  What Budddha said was:

"Chēthanāhan Bhikkhavē kamman vadāmi. Chēthayithvā kamman karōthi kāyēna vāchāya manasā"
"Dear Bhikkhu, I see intention as the Kamma. One does Kamma by body, words, and mind based on an intention."
Nibbēdhika Sutta
  http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an06/an06.063.than.html

The subject of outcomes of Karma is infinite. Only a Buddha has the ability to understand it. Buddha has said that our experience of the present moment consists of three things: pleasures and pains resulting from past intentions, present intentions, and pleasures and pains, resulting from present intentions.  This tells us that the present is not totally shaped by the past. Pleasures and pains come from intentions, which are actions. So in a sense, it means the meritorious and de-meritorious volition (Kusala Akusala Cetana)  or in other words  "action-influence.".
Buddhism does not assert that everything is due to Kamma.  If it is so, a man must ever be bad, for it is his Kamma to be bad. But as per Dhamma, there are five orders or processes (Niyamas) which operate in the physical and mental realms:

Kamma Niyama, order of act and result, e.g., desirable and undesirable acts produce corresponding good and bad results.
Utu Niyama, physical (inorganic) order, e.g., seasonal phenomena of winds and rains.
Bija Niyama, order of germs or seeds (physical organic order); e.g., rice produced from rice-seed, sugary taste from sugar cane or honey etc. The scientific theory of cells and genes and the physical similarity of twins may be ascribed to this order.
Citta Niyama, order of mind or psychic law, e.g., processes of consciousness (Citta vithi), power of mind etc.
Dhamma Niyama, order of the norm, e.g., the natural phenomena occurring at the advent of a Boddhisatta in his last birth, gravitation, etc.

Every mental or physical phenomenon could be explained by these all-embracing five orders or processes which are laws in themselves. Kamma is, therefore, only one of the five orders that prevail in the universe.


Design of 7400 Series IC

Question: Why is pin number 7 GND and 14 VCC in 7400 ICs ( logic gate ICs) ? Could the designer have put VCC and GND in some other pin number? Is there a constraint for that specific number? (Except a few cases, like 7490, Please consider gate ICs for example)
Comment: The 7490 for example has Vcc on pin 5 and GND on pin 10.
Comment: Please ignore the exceptions. I've edited the question.
Answer: There are no significant constraints and early ICs i DIP packages did try a variety of pinouts.
After a few years the corner power pins dominated and most 7400 series ICs standardized with power on the corners.
It is fairly convenient for routing power on few layers on a PCB by using a grid arrangement but it is not ideal for power system integrity as it requires large loops for the decoupling network. An arrangement where the power pins were adjacent would be better from that point of view as the decoupling capacitor could be placed with very short leads.
These power pinouts only really apply to 7400 series digital ICs in DIP packages or SMT variants of the same device. Analog ICS, ASICs and others such as microcontrollers invariably use different power connections to improve power integrity.
As WhatRoughBeast commented ground connections in particular became more important as the device speeds increased.
Answer: It did/does also make it really easy to place decoupler caps right above the DIP packages, tight to the Vcc pin in nice neat rows/columns of ICs.
When chips were in rows, the left side of the decoupler was nicely right next to the ground on the IC above it.

On a densely populated board that was important.
Answer: As Kevin White has answered, the earliest 7400 chips showed a variety of ground/Vcc pins, with pin 7 and 14 (or 8 and 16 for 16-pin packages) quickly becoming the standard. This made pcb layout easier, as ground and power connections could be bussed along the rows and columns of a grid array of ICs.
However, Kevin is incorrect that there are no significant constraints, at least not always. In the 1990s, the technology had progressed to the point that logic families which maintained compatibility with 7400 started to get so fast that switching transients interacting with physical issues started producing ground bounce https://www.fairchildsemi.com/application-notes/AN/AN-640.pdf issues.
There were even a number of buffers constructed specifically to minimize ground bounce, such as https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/data-sheet/74ALVC_ALVCH16244.pdf These ICs featured multiple ground pins, and the pins tended to be located in the middle pins of a row, so as to minimize the length (and inductance) of the internal lead frame and chip bonding wires. This class of parts was largely superseded as design steered away from the physically large DIP package and toward much smaller SMT packages.

Design of 7400 Series IC


Master-master database replication on 5 servers

Question: My current project requires immediate replication between 5 databases. Servers are physically distributed across the globe. Currently we use Redis with one master server installed on another 6th server. All database writes on any of 5 servers are performed to this 6th master server, and other 5 are slaves of it. This approach has a lot of flaws and i'm looking for solution to replace it. Any suggestions please?
Answer: I'm just throwing this out there but have you thought of using a MQ for writes?
We're using RabbitMQ for writes and federating it out to multiple data centers where each one has a flexihash cluster of ~20 Redis servers. So far it's working well for us and you can increase or decrease the size of each cluster independently as long as your rebalancing them appropriately. Hope this helps.
Comment: Thank you! This is the best approach for me! It doesn't requires database engine change!


Naming of the belongs on or to?

Question: I'm not a native English speaker, but whenever I see the label "Belongs on ..." makes me feel it should be "Belongs to ..." somehow? Can someone explain the wording?
Comment: interesting questions... one of those things that comes naturally to a native speaker, but most of us can't really come up with the reason why.
Answer: The word "belongs" can be used in a broader sense, without "to".  For example, "the suitcase belongs on top of the wardrobe".  Since you would say a post was "on superuser", it's correct to say "belongs on superuser" in that context.
Comment: The sites are locations, not entities. Even after it is moved it belongs 'on' that site as the sites aren't possessive.
Comment: It's kinda ironic I think, as when the question gets moved to the appropriate site, it belongs to that site from then.
Answer: Belongs on refers to a place to where it has to be kept?
Belongs to refers to a person that owns it?
Answer: It might also help you to review the definition of "site":

n.

The place where a structure or group of structures was, is, or is to be located: a good site for the school.
The place or setting of something: a historic site; a job site.
A website.

Note that 1 and 2 refer to a location in the physical world, while 3 builds on these to establish a metaphor: a page or set of pages on a given host can be thought of as similar to to structures on a particular piece of ground.
So if a question is a structure (say... a bike shed), then it belongs on a piece of ground somewhere - and the close reasons establish that it was originally constructed on the wrong site.

Naming of the belongs on or to?


capacitance vs impedance measurement

Question: I've been trying to design precise distance measurements similar to the digital caliper or dial micrometer for my CNC project by capacitance sensing between prob and base metal. I can connect base metal to ground and prob to 5-12 DC volt for capacitance measurement OR connect base metal to AC for impedance measurement THEN feed to 1 or multi-stage OPAMP for amplitude signals
My QUESTION is which one is more ACCURATE and more immune to NOISE
Answer: I am afraid no one will be able to give you an ultimate answer, since your question has uncertainties regarding the accuracy you need and the time and cost budget for the project, but I can give some direction.
Note, that impedance and capacitance measurement is not the same, and that you can't measure the capacitance with a DC voltage.
For impedance measurement you have to use either an AC voltage and measure the amplitude and phase of the current, or vice versa. This is way too complicated for what you need.
There are readout solutions for a capacitive sensor. Google them! The two basic ideas I am aware of are to

form an oscillator with the capacitance and measure the frequency - even digitally with a microcontroller - or
measure the dV/dt due to a known current reference.

For 1) a precise solution could be to implement a Wien-bridge oscilaltor (+1opamp +1 cap +1 res +1 FET). Bridge structures in general are always good ideas to improve the measurement accuracy.

capacitance vs impedance measurement


Why are operations research departments usually separate from mathematics departments?

Question: The title says it all. When I look online, they are usually separate departments
Comment: One could ask the same about Computer Science / Statistics / Machine Learning / Data Science departments. If your mathematical work interests non-mathematicians, then you cannot be in the Mathematics department.
Comment: Or Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Electrical Engineering. Why, to find materials science folks do I need to consider physics, chemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, ceramic engineering, metallurgy, polymer science, mechanical engineering, and nuclear engineering degrees?
Answer: Choose from : history, habit, snobbery, tribalism ...
There is no logical reason for one choice of departmental structure over another. Just look at how often universities change their departmental structures.
If you bring some groups of people together in a named department then you are excluding other people whose work does in fact have a lot in common with the first group. Departmental structures are always compromises.
Most academics see the benefit of interdisciplinary work, but universities, on the whole, like the apparent orderliness of clear departmental structures.
As to the specifics of operational research: its history was in dealing with urgent practical problems in wartime. Its practitioners were applying mathematics, but were not pure mathematicians. Neither were they what many universities described as applied mathematicians, although in the natural meaning of the words they were, of course, applied mathematicians.
When I took a master's degree in OR in the 1970s, I was in the faculty of engineering. A very few years later, I would have been in the business school of the same university (with the same teachers).
Comment: So, really it is just about control on an admin basis...


Does a Chromecast device contain any private information?

Question: So I have a Google Chromecast that I'm gonna sell tomorrow because I don't use it enough. My question is: Do I need to do anything before selling it? Is there any personal data stored on it? Do I need to reset it so the other person won't know my WiFi or Netflix password?
Comment: Always reset any device that stores data when you're going to sell or give it to someone.
Answer: I believe the chromecast will store information from your router in order to connect. Either way, it's never a bad idea to reset electronics before selling them.
There are two ways to reset it:

Hold the button next to the micro usb port for 25 seconds, until the light starts flashing, then unplug usb
Go into the menu of the chromecast app and there should be a "factory reset chromecast" option
Comment: And if anyone's looking for a citation: https://support.google.com/chromecast/answer/3210071?hl=en under "How do I factory data reset (FDR) my device?"
Answer: After you factory reset the Chromecast it is safe to sell.  On the settings menu for Chromecast there is a factory reset button.  Alternatively, there is a black button on the Chromecast.  Press it for 25 seconds while connected to the TV to factory reset.
Source:
http://www.tomsguide.com/us/factory-reset-google-chromecast,news-18294.html
Answer: one advice is to make the factory reset,
AND check that the device no longer is able to auto login to any of the services that you have used the device for, just to be safe.
Comment: Chromecasts don't store any service authentication credentials.


Can a 9 speed rear derailleur be used with a 7 speed freewheel and shifters?

Question: I know this has been asked before but wanted to make sure in case things have changed over the years. I have a brand new Deore M592 Shadow 9 Speed rear derailleur and wanted to know if I can replace my old tourney 7 speed rear derailleur with this without having to change my freewheel and chain. I am planning on converting it completely to 9 speed eventually but not right now.
Answer: The rear shift ratio (pull ratio) of Shimano 7,8 and 9 speed derailleur is same 1.7:1
So the specs say it should work.
Please update us with how it works in practice.
Comment: Hi, welcome to bicycles.  This seems more like a comment on one of the other posts than a complete answer on its own. Please only post full answers; you might want to take the [tour].
Answer: Below 10-speed, specs have very stable and haven't changed over the years (above 10-speed, specs are also stable, but there have been some bifurcation between road and MTB, and between brands). The change has be done in one operation and cannot be done progressively.
Answer: My Kona from the factory came with a 9 speed Alivio rear derailleur and 8 speed shifter and cassette, so that indicates that you should be compatible.
Answer: No, it's not compatible and it won't work..
Besides the 9 speed Deore have a narrower cage, the biggest culprit is, pull ratios are different.


Fractional Derivative Implications/Meaning?

Question: I've recently been studying the concept of taking fractional derivatives and antiderivatives, and this question has come to mind: If a first derivative, in Cartesian coordinates, is representative of the function's slope, and the second derivative is representative of its concavity, is there any qualitative relationship between a 1/2 derivative and its original function? Or a 3/2 derivative with its respective function?
Comment: You might enjoy reading [*Introduction to the Concepts and Applications of
Fractional and Variable Order Differential Calculus*](http://www3.nd.edu/~msen/Teaching/UnderRes/FracCalc2.pdf)
Comment: The topic shows up in Laplace transform as a curiosity. $L[(-t)^n  f(t)]= F^{(n)}(s)$. Now presumably you can take $n=1/3$ for example.
Comment: Thanks @Amzoti, for the resource. This may reveal my ignorance, but I wasn't really aware of a subfield "fractional-calculus (like I said, this may simply reveal a certain degree of new-bie ignorance on my part!)
Comment: @AmWhy: I am also ignorant on the subject - so found that nice paper to try and put context on it - and it sounds like it is a relatively new area - since the paper is from 2007. Regards
Comment: + And the question is a good question! Not to mention my lack of familiarity with fractional-calculus, the question of understanding what that means, intuitively, is a question very worth the asking!
Comment: Here is a [related problem](http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/198901/half-derivative-of-x2/199022#199022).
Answer: (Non integer) fractional derivatives are non-local so the 1/2 derivative can not have a local meaning like tangent or curvature but would have to take into account the properties of the curve over a large extent (boundary conditions). See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_calculus#Nature_of_the_fractional_derivative
In addition some of the applications of fractional derivations (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_calculus#Applications) show the physical meaning is non-local.
Why is the fractional derivative non-local? Integrating a function is not unique or local, because it depends the values of the function over the entire range of integration. The generalization to fractional derivatives unifies differential and integral operators into one Differintegral operator. Whole derivatives are both unique and local. The apparent paradox of fractional derivatives being non-local is actually the natural case, just as integration is non-local.
There is a neat demonstration of calculating the fraction derivative from first principles as a limit in this article http://mathpages.com/home/kmath616/kmath616.htm and it shows how in the whole derivative case the extra terms zero out, but in the fractional case they do not.
Comment: You are right it can have a geometric interpretation just as the single integral can be interpreted as the area under the curve. And it is not a *local* geometric property as the tangent is. I am having trouble reading the small print in your question and if you are asking can you have arbitrary real numbers in the power of the derivative operator then I believe the answer is yes. Actually I have read you can even put complex numbers in there!
Comment: Very interesting, but why must the fractional derivative be non-local? The Wikipedia article doesn't seem to give a justification.
Comment: I added to my answer to say why it is non-local
Comment: Just because it's non-local doesn't mean it doesn't have a geometric interpretation.  Also, is there a concept of $\frac{d^b}{da^b} \frac{d^a}{dx^a}$?
Answer: There several approaches to fractional derivatives. I use the Grunwald-Letnikov derivative and its generalizations to complex plane and the two-sided derivatives. However, most papers use what I call "walking dead" derivatives: the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo. If you want to start, don't loose time with them.
There are some attempts to give interpretations to the FD: Prof. Tenreiro Machado and also Prof. Podlubny. The best interpretation in my opinion is the system interpretation: there is a system (linear) called differintegrator with transfer function H(s)=s^a, for Re(s)>0 (forward, causal case) or Re(s) < 0 (backward, anti-causal case). The impulse response of the causal system is t^(a-1)/gamma(-a).u(t) where u(t) is the Heaviside function.
Send me a mail and i'll send you some papers
firstname.lastname@example.com
Answer: Your question is an interesting one. Obviously you are looking for the presentation for this particular theory. As other responders have already stated, the fractional derivative is usually defined in academic papers by a fractional integral. To find the "fractional derivative slope" of a function it is simply a matter of assigning a value to the unknown in the function representing the fractional derivative derived from the fractional derivative. It should be noted that this value will not usually equal the functions normal derivative value, and that normal value is the actual rate of increase of the function. Therefore, the line tangent to the function created by the fractional derivative is different from the whole number value derivative of the function. The different "slope" line created by the fractional derivative can be advantageous in solving certain problems, such as the vector of a particle under different forces, in that particular case, if the forces can be expressed in terms of a function and it's fractional derivative, it greatly simplifies a problem that could involve solving a system of differential equations by simply taking fractional derivatives.
Perhaps you are thinking of the definition of a derivative:
lim x-> <>X    (F(x + <>x) - F(x))/<>x
I remember reading a math text in which fractional derivatives were defined in terms of a limit instead of a fractional integral. Unfortunately I have forgotten the author and title. However, defining a fractional derivative in terms of a limit is much more advantageous than in terms of an integral since not all fractional integrals may be integrated. Once again it all depends on the theories presentation in both the case of a limit and integral definition.


what is the meaning of the word "so" in "unfashionalbly so"?

Question: She was an optimist when it came to humankind, unfashionably so, and so she thought the answer was ninety-eight.
Comment: so adverb (MENTIONED EARLIER) _used to avoid repeating a phrase mentioned earlier_
Answer: so refers back to her being optimistic about humankind,and qualifies the nature of that optimism; it admits further details that may follow.  It was unfashionable to be optimistic about humankind. Pessimism was "in style".
Compare

The TV news anchor was dressed, unfashionably so, in a paisley print from the 1960s.

There, "so" refers in general terms to how the TV news anchor was dressed, with the specific details to follow.
Here's a paraphrase from a pulp romance with some details changed, but not the structure, again showing how the specific unfashionable details can follow after "so":

Lord, but the man was handsome, unfashionably so — with his long black hair tied back with a shoelace from an athletic shoe — but handsome nonetheless.

P.S. This is a formulaic construction that foregrounds the adverb, a form of emphasis; writers of formulaic (aka "pulp") fiction often resort to it:
"She was trying to act so sophisticatedly [sic] and was no doubt spouting forth her father's politics—unconvincingly so—because he couldn't help but smile at her nonsense, and she blushed every time he smiled at her."
Comment: I don't find your example at all idiomatic. To my mind, ***unfashionably so*** in your exact context implies that her ***being dressed*** at all was unfashionable (naked newsreaders being all the rage these days).
Comment: @FumbleFingers The specific unfashionable details don't have to precede **unfashionably so**; they can come after it, just as they do in the original question.  I could quote you examples of that but I'd have to type them out by hand since there's no cut-and-paste available on many of these locked-down previews protected by copyright.  But I'll add a paraphrased example of one.
Comment: I agree with @FumbleFingers. In your example sentence, I would drop the "so".
Comment: @mudri **unfashionably so** is a formulaic way of foregrounding the adverb, drawing special attention to it. That you would avoid the formula  is not relevant to how the formula works.  I might well avoid it too.
Answer: In the phrase "unfashionably so," the word "so" is used to emphasize the degree to which the subject (in this case, a person) is unfashionable. It implies that the person is unfashionable to a notable extent, and this unfashionableness is considered unusual or against the norm. So, in the context of the sentence you provided, it suggests that the person's optimism about humankind is considered out of fashion or contrary to popular opinion, yet she holds this belief strongly.
Comment: I don't think this is right. In "unfashionably so", "so" is just a bit of syntactic glue linking adverbial "unfashionably" back to the initial assertion that she was an optimist (in "standard" English, *She was unfashionably an optimist*). There's nothing to suggest that her optimism was excessive / notable, over and above the plain fact that it *was* unfashionable (for her to be an optimist ***at all***, when it came to humankind). You're confusing the cited usage with things like *She was [ever] so unfashionable.*


How to convince ourself of the presence of Lord?

Question: This is an era of science in which humans are everything. All the stuff we heard about god is only in the books and there is no proof of god (if there is, then I don't know about it). At a time like this how could we really convince ourself and others that there is god? What is the need of worshipping since it's nowhere written to worship god?
Comment: Krishna said Those who are devotees of other gods and who worship them with faith actually worship only Me, O son of Kuntī, but they do so in a wrong way.  Bhagvat Geeta . 9.23
Comment: Those who worship the demigods will take birth among the demigods; those who worship the ancestors go to the ancestors; those who worship ghosts and spirits will take birth among such beings; and those who worship Me will live with Me  Bhagvat Geeta . 9.25
Comment: Abandon all varieties of Duties and just surrender unto Me(means worship). I shall deliver you from all sinful reactions. Do not fear.  BG 18.66
Comment: "And of all yogīs, he who always  abides in Me with great faith, worshiping Me in transcendental loving  service, is most intimately united with Me in yoga and is the highest of all."
Lord Krishna, Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 6, Verse 47
Comment: worshiping god in Hinduism not compulsory like other religion , Hinduism says do good karma it's means automatically worshiping GOD.
Comment: Good question. However this is a question you need to ask God. If you ask God sincerely 'Oh Loving God, in this age of science, I find it hard to believe in your existence, however I am open to accept all beliefs. Please show me Thy presence'. God does respond to such requests made by His children. He is willing to show His presence to you, provided you remain open to His existence (WARNING: if you are asking God so that you can show off to others, then He may or may not respond :) your seeking should be earnest sir) All the best.
Comment: @Sai isn't like a fairy tale or Santa in home. Actually, what I think is one need to follow brahmacharya, truth at rigrous level for years.   Source :Through continuous pursuit of Satya (truthfulness), Tapas (perseverance, austerity), Samyajñāna (correct knowledge), and Brahmacharya, one attains Atman (Self).

— Mundaka Upanishad, 3.1.5
Answer: The question started with the statement

it is an era of science in which a human is everything .  All the stuff we heard about god is only in the books and there is no proof of god

and ended with the statement

What is the need of worshipping since its nowhere written to worship the god?

Can we prove to the satisfaction of a questioner, the Newton's 3rd Law - For every action, there will be an equal and opposite reaction - only through reading/explaining?
Not possible, because it can only be experienced.

In my view, no body can provide any authority from any scripture, for conclusively proving the existence of GOD, because the concept of GOD is an ABSTRACT thing, which can only be experienced, but cannot be proved.

Personal experiences/Holy books/Logical arguments are useless to convince anyone that GOD exists.
So let us limit our focus on the issues that are known to every person.
Everybody might have heard the undermentioned words. These are illustrative but not exhaustive.

Anger
Happiness
Jealous
Passion
Lust
Aversion
Compassion
Forgiveness
Indifferent
Sympathy
Cruelty

Every rational human being with reasonable exposure to the society around him/her might have experienced the above mentioned feelings  at one stage or other of his/her life.
My question is, is it possible to explain:

For any rational human being experiencing one or combination of two or more feelings mentioned above,  in words or make understand another person, who have no firsthand experience of that feelings, how the feeling look like,  effects his/her personality?
Why a particular person driven by compassion towards human beings, will leave behind his/her riches/fame/position (like Buddha), works for upliftment of society, living on bare necessities?
What is the cruelty that provoked Adolf Hitler to butcher thousands of Jews?

It is not possible because it is feeling and an ABSTRACT thing.  And, it is intangible and cannot be explained in words.
The feeling is a force/energy that can either positive or negative.  There are many visible and invisible forces working in this world.

The known and unknown negative feelings/forces put together will be known as GOD.  And, it is also an ABSTRACT thing.
It can neither be explained in words nor evidenced by personal experiences of other people.
It can only be experienced.
Neither the believers nor non-believers of GOD can know the TRUTH. Only a sceptic mind with the intent of knowing the TRUTH will realise the TRUTH.

Let us consider one more example:
If somebody wants you to describe the taste of sweet in words, can you do it?
Even if you try to explain the taste of sweet for 1,000 days, the questioner will not understand.  Just put a lump of sugar in his mouth, then he will understand, as taste can only be experienced, as it is intangible.
Similarly, God is an ABSTRACT thing. Nobody can describe it. You can only experience it.
Comment: You can actually prove Newton's third law. You see it all the time. You feel it. Most people agree with it. You can record it in a camera. You can record the force with sensors.
Comment: Try using the accelerometer and Gyro in an Android phone. Record the motion using video. Feel the force using your sense of touch. See with your eyes.
Comment: If feelings are abstract then why do chemicals affect the brain. I've used psychological medicine and noticed a lot of my emotions, thoughts etc change.
Comment: Science has proved that chemicals influence thoughts. What part of science contradicts that people can't have different personalities?
Comment: If you believe chemicals don't influence thought then I'd recommend observing alcohol influence.
Comment: @Wally "You can actually prove Newton's third law. You see it all the time. You feel it."... so this is called experience not reading?... Read answer properly...


if you change WCF service do you also need to change the client?

Question: If I have a web serice and a client consuming tis webservice, and then I change the service location, orI add another parameter, what is the usual way to change the client?
Do you necesarily need to update the client/ Was UDDI helping in this kind of situation?
Answer: You should definitely read Service Versioning - it has the information you need.
But the answer to your question is: maybe.
There are two types of changes: breaking and non-breaking.  Unfortunately, sometimes it's not obvious what is a breaking or non-breaking change since it could depend on what the client is doing (and you may not have knowledge of how your service is being used).
In terms of changing the service location this is usually a breaking change.  However, as you mention, if the client is using UDDI then they should be able to retrieve the new endpoint location and that change would not be a breaking change.
If you add another parameter then that might be a breaking change (or it might not).  If the parameter is optional and the client is using lax versioning (e.g. WCF, .asmx) then the change should not be a breaking one. But it might be that the client is expecting a very specific format or they are doing some schema validation etc. and the optional parameter might cause a failure.
Answer: It depends on the nature of change you apply in the service definition. If you add something optional that only new clients can consume but the old clients can ommit, you have introduced a backward compatible change so the clients shouldn't be updated unless they decide to use this new feature. Any change that affects the way the existing clients use the service will require a client update as it represents a breaking change.
In the case of WCF, if you use the latest version 4.0, it introduces a new protocol implementation WS-Discovery, which can help clients to find the service url and the right version they can use. Using this approach, you can for instance, deploy a new version in a different url and the client applications can discover it automatically.
Regards
Pablo.
Answer: Hey without fully understanding your problem, and from what i can get from your questino it sounds like you need to update your web reference on the client.
If you have updated your references, not changed the location:
So Load up your client solution, then find your References (not dll references) but Web/Service References, and then right-click and select "update web references"
If you have changed the location, you can change the endpoint if you go to properties, but I would just delete the existing one and create a new one using the new location.
Hope it helps.
For more info check out http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb628652.aspx


Is there a rule of thumb when to use "the" in front of universities?

Question: I am writing biographies for some of my doctors.  I have asked several people and have received several different answers.  Here are a couple examples:  Lee is a 2005 graduate of the University of Pittsburgh or should it read Lee is a 2005 graduate of University of Pittsburgh.  The latter sounds wrong to me.  I have several of these to write and would love to do it correct the first time.  Then should "the" be capitalized?
Comment: Browsing a couple of U web sites, I see "the" used without capitalization.  I would regard omitting "the" to be less formal.
Comment: @HotLicks Every institution has a preferred orthography. It's  *The University of Chicago* but *the University of Houston*; for that matter, the same institution is known as *Stanford University* and *the Leland Stanford Junior University* (but not *The Leland Stanford Junior University* or *the Stanford University* and so on).
Comment: My comment was mainly targeted to schools named "University of ...".  Eponymous schools would generally not have "the" if only the last name is used, but would be more likely to have "the" if both first and last name are used.
Answer: Generally speaking, it's the University of (for example) Durham or Durham University.
If the University is named after a person, only the second style is used: John Moores University.
Comment: This is correct in general, but not across the board.  When I was growing up in Columbus, the local university was known as Ohio State University.  Later, the school began deliberately to style itself as *The* Ohio State University.  Other schools have made the transition in the opposite direction. I still upvoted, however, since this is the most standard general rule, and applies in the vast majority of cases.
Comment: @ChrisSunami. Yes, I was careful to say 'generally speaking'. I could not think offhand of an example such as "The Ohio State University", so thanks for that.
Answer: Different schools do it differently. A good way to tell is to search for the school on Google. If the school's official website uses the article, use it. If not, skip it. It's pretty arbitrary otherwise. For example:

The Ohio State University
Ohio University
The University of Akron
University of Dayton

There are a few dozen more conflicting examples all right here in Ohio. :)
When you do include the article, capitalize it if it's the first word of the sentence. Otherwise don't. It's an article, not part of the school's name. Do not talk about The Ohio State University. Talk about the Ohio State University.
Answer: As one example, "the" is considered part of the name of the University of British Columbia:

Below you will find some of the rules that can help you identify which proper nouns must take the article "the."
Rule #1: If the word of is part of the name, you need to use the. For example, we say:

the University of British Columbia, but we say
Simon Fraser University.

In this example, the preposition "of" helps specify which university we are talking about (of British Columbia).

It appears that the leading article is capitalized like a normal word rather than as a word in a proper noun.
This is confirmed in the government of Canada's translation style guide:

When the article The appears at the beginning of an institution's name as part of the official name, the corresponding article is not part of the name in French:

The University of British Columbia = Université de la Colombie-Britannique
The University of Winnipeg = Université de Winnipeg
Answer: Most universities in the UK vary the inclusion of the article with its omission, depending on context.
If you Google the University of London, for example, a layout will appear on the Google answers page, headed University of London alongside its arms.
https://www.google.co.uk/search?num=50&site=&source=hp&q=the+university+of+london&oq=the+university+of+london&gs_l=hp.3..0l9.994.6487.0.68126.96.36.199.184.108.40.206.1219.4j3j2.9.0.msedrc...0...1c.1.58.hp..5.20.1078.0.0TqN-oX4jXs
Note that the narrative begins The University of London is a collegiate research university... - including the article.
So in the form of a title the article is omitted but, in narrative, it seems the use or non-use of the article follows similar rules to that of any noun, of which it is indeed one.
However if the style John Moores University is employed, I would not expect to see an article. Perhaps because in that form the name takes on some of the attributes of a proper noun. see below.
https://www.google.co.uk/search?num=50&q=john+moores+university&oq=john+moores+university&gs_l=serp.3..0j0i20j0l8.574884.581775.0.582220.127.116.11.10.10.3.118.1348.16j2.18.0.msedrc...0...1c.1.58.serp..22.24.1119.0.w9OQOvOMXQE


How can I install a Compiler for Golang?

Question: I'm having a Raspberry pi4 4GB model, with the raspbian (TWISTER OS) installed. I have installed GOlang from google using the pip install golang command. But I am having problem with installing compilers. previously I tried to install 'Eclipse' but it didn't start. I need some help finding out the right compiler for Golang and how to install it. I'm just a beginner at programming and am interested to learn the programming language. Thanks.
Comment: Do you mean IDE? Eclipse isn't a compiler. If you are just starting out you can just use a text editor and the command line to edit and compile your code. I would even recommend this so you understand what is happening to your code.  Later you can use the more advanced features of an IDE. Also, I don't believe Twister OS is Raspbian, though it may be Raspbian based.
Comment: Well to be honest, when I use this OS to sign into my gmail, google asks me to confirm the authenticity of the sign in and identifies the raspberry pi OS to be **Chrome OS**. I am familiar with Python and just want to explore other language which is the reason for the problem I'm facing. Starting from square one.
Answer: Go is not obscure, you can install it from the distro repositories:
apt search golang

Turns up hundreds of things.  To narrow it down a bit:
apt search golang | grep -iB 2 compiler

The command line compiler is in the golang package; sudo apt install golang.  The CLI compiler is just called go.  There should be oodles and oodles of documentation for that online.  When you are searching in this context, search linux golang not raspberry pi 4 2BG golang -- the brand of hardware is not relevant; you might as well search rpi red case golang or my home address golang.   In fact, once it is installed you can just search golang some topic and leave out the OS and brand of hardware.

What about an IDE...

(Note I'm actually not a go user, but one may come along eventually.)
A full fledged IDE on a 4 GB machine with a relatively very slow processor is unlikely to be fun.  However, there are various code editors -- which at a minimum will have syntax highlighting, and some have IDE like features such as completion and debugger integration -- should be okay.  You may then have to compile and run from a command line, but this is not a difficult thing and you will quickly get used to it.
I believe sublime, which is fairly popular, has a go plugin, so you might start there.  For myself when an IDE is not available I am a big gvim fan but I would not recommend it to new users.
Another potential option is to work remotely, which most IDEs should do.  This means you work on another computer but compile and run stuff on a networked pi.
Comment: Is there any compiler or IDE like thonny to compile other than the command line? I'm just tensed that since I'm a beginner I might fry up my Pi if I happen to type out some messed up code.
Comment: If you want to avoid major hazards, use an unprivileged account when working on code (eg., the pi user sans `sudo`).  An IDE would make zero difference to that risk, but of course they are nicer to work with.  I've edited in some stuff above about that.
Answer: If you need an IDE on RPi I'd always see if Emacs, which is installed as sudo apt-get install emacs, supports a language. And lo and behold a google for emacs AND gloang yields an Emacs wiki page for Gowhich also has a nice link to Writing Go In Emacs.
Four Gigabyte might seem not much, and a RPi may seems slow but given that the GUI hasn't been prettified like Mac OS or Windoze it it surprisingly perky. Emacs puts little resource load on RPi, unlike when I first used in the 1980's when it was Eight Megabytes And Constantly Swapping. So you should find it perfectly ok to use.
As for installing packages if you have X Windows open use synaptic from the menu "Preferences -> Add/Remove Software" unless you're comfortable with the command line.
Comment: I wouldn't call Emacs beginner friendly.
Comment: Just goes to show old dogs can teach new pups old tricks :-)


Distributed file source

Question: Looking for a software solution to to store large files (>50MB - 1.5GB), distributed across multiple servers.  We have looked at MogileFS, however, given existing software demands, need to have an NFS interface.  Would prefer open source, however, open to all options.
Answer: If you have only a small number of servers, you could try rsync. Couple it with SSH for some security.
Answer: did you look at Hadoop DFS?
it's much more then distributed file system but should be good for very big files.

Distributed file source


How to improve my site's loading time?

Question: my wordpress site is hosted on godaddy, using flatsome theme, 7 plugin (including img-lazy load & woocomerce).
i have use free cloudflare cdn,
but still my site need 13+ seconds to load.
i have checked it on gtmetrics, and it says i have too much DOM (4,5k+)
Comment: We don't provide site audits. Apart from that the question is way too broad when you don't tell us what you've tried yourself so far and where exactly you are stuck?
Comment: @MikeNGarrett – It always is important. And this may be an interesting riddle to be solved, indeed. But this question doesn't care about being a good question or showing any efforts of solving the issue on their own. It also doesn't care about our guidelines. That's why this question should be flagged instead of being answered hunting for rep. My opinion. Although I like your answer as it gives an interesting starting point for OP to hop on.
Comment: @leymannx In this case it's a matter of understanding how sessions can have an effect on performance. I think this is an important subject even if the question is not worded this way.
Answer: You are using Woocommerce which starts a session for every visitor to your site. This limits Cloudflare's cache performance since each unique session needs to be handled individually. That's how things like the shopping cart work.
Woocommerce added the ability to store this session data in object cache rather than the database (memcached/Redis/etc).
I'm not familiar with GoDaddy's hosting since I personally don't recommend that company, but they should have object cache storage of some sort available. It's just a matter of you configuring WordPress and Woocommerce to use this cache.
That should help things a bit.

How to improve my site's loading time?


Why are tortoise-shell picks prized?

Question: As a mandolin player, I have discovered that the type of pick (plectrum) one uses makes a noticeable difference to the sound. I personally prefer thick (1mm) plastic picks, like Golden Gate, to get a warmer, "woody" sound, but I have often heard that tortoise shell produces "amazing" tone. I am aware of the ecological reasons for banning that material, and am not looking for one, but I am curious why that material is revered?
Comment: Huh. I've never noticed any sound benefit to *imitation* tortoise shell picks (actual tortoise shell is illegal), I just think they feel the best in my fingers. I've been using them for 22 years.
Comment: I once knew someone that injured his big toe causing the nail to fall off (it grew back later).  He used the old nail as a pick until it wore out, and claimed it was the nicest pick he had ever had.
Comment: The first time I noticed a tone difference in a pick was switching from a soft nylon to an Acetal pick, but I choose picks for the feel, not the small amount of tone difference.
Answer: Thickness affects tone. Thickness of strings, too BTW. The smoothness of the pick's edge affects the noticeable string noise. Some players prefer minimal string noise on their attacks for a smooth sound (similar to the well-sanded fingernails of most classical guitarists). Some players like the string noise on their attacks. In this regard it's truly player's choice. If the tortoise shell has a rough or high-friction edge then you'll get that attack sound. I have seen agate picks and other stone used, as well as copper pennies. Use what you like and don't worry about "prized."
Answer: The non-uniformity of the density of the material is probably the most noticeable factor in changing the tone. The manufacturing of plastic/nylon based picks creates a uniformly dense product, where as natural products like shell or wood have inconsistencies in the material due to slow growth and building of the product, which in theory will change the response and feedback of the pick.
I have played on reclaimed shell picks (from old hair brushes) and they certainly have a noticeably different texture from plastic picks. For me the tone difference wasn't significantly different from some of the acetal picks that I use.
In some cases there may be some feel or tone difference because the shell picks are hand shaped, not cut from a template, so the leading edge can have a different profile. The shell will also wear differently than a plastic pick.
Dunlop puts out a hand shaped plastic pick to try to replicate this effect. I have used those as well, and they do have a nice feel to them.
Personally, at the rate I use/loose picks I would never have a shell pick for very long any way.
Answer: A pick made from the shell of a hawksbill has major advantages over a pick made from other materials. Tortoiseshell is less flexible in thinner gauges (speed and tone), naturally lubricated (speed and tone) harder (tone), and more resistant to breakage in thinner gauges. One of shocking developments in synthetic picks is the use of very thick picks in an attempt to get the tone of shell. Because one of the major advantages of shell is rigidity in thinner gauges: Clarence White and Tony Rice. Around 1989 I made a horn pick for Tony Rice. He sent very specific specifications. Exactly this thick. It was nowhere close to 1mm, but probably more than .7mm. (It was also in thousandths!) I can't remember the exact number. It was around 34 years ago. Getting old. But way way thinner than the Grisman pick.
Comment: Thanks for your comment. Interestingly, John Reischman plays with a very thick (1.25mm?) casein pick.

Why are tortoise-shell picks prized?


What is difference between Azure VM and Azure Cloud services in a really really simple words

Question: I spend more than two weeks searching for answer and I read a lot but still I cannot understand the difference. I even talked with Microsoft agent for 15 minutes and he just made an excuse and ended the chat:)
I have a long history with windows and network but not that much with IIS stuff. So can anyone tell me what is the difference between these two, in a really non technical way? I know one is Paas and one is IaaS but still don't get when we can install software on both, RDP to both, what is the difference? Someone said Cloud service is a layer above the VM so does it mean it saves the registry changes and files in a separate file same as differential backup or snapshots? can I install any third party software on Cloud service? I have a software that run on java and connects to SQL server can I install that on Cloud service?
Answer: Quick Answers is Azure Cloud Services are the old ASM version of VMs, Azure VM is the new ARM based service.
It's a long story and you have to look at how we started Azure.  When we began, Azure was focused primarily on PaaS so we didn't have Azure VMs or IaaS we only had Cloud Services.  Back then, the API for Azure was called Azure Service Management (ASM) (think of it as Azure v1).  ASM had cloud services for web apps and SQL along with Storage and other services that Microsoft Managed as we thought that is what customers wanted.  After feedback from customers we heard loud and clear that they wanted more control and many just were not ready to refactor their apps to PaaS, they wanted IaaS (VMs).  In an effort to make that available for customers in ASM, we did what we could in ASM to deliver IaaS but we still needed to front-end those (now called "classic" vms) into cloud services.
Today Azure runs an updated API called Azure Resource Manger (ARM).  Think of it as Azure 2.0 (I am calling it this that is not an official version).  In ARM we added a new portal, RBAC, Resource Groups, JSON Templates and made Azure VMs a first class citizen.  All ASM related services were renamed  (classic) and we eventually decommissioned the old ASM portal.  You can still see and manage classic resources in the new portal but we highly discourage customers from creating new classic resources.  The management functionality is there just for legacy support.
A fuller, official write-up is here:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/resource-manager-deployment-model
Comment: Thanks Ken but it didn't clarify anything for me. I am  looking for more what I can do or can't do with any of these to understand better. Is there any difference between RDP to these two products? Can I install software on both? can I add windows feature to these? can I shutdown or restart both? Do I have a desktop on both when I RDP to them?
Comment: When just focused on VMs, they are essentially the same service wrt installing software, shutting down, etc.  Where they differ is ARM based vms are the preferred way to deploy VMs now and offer more features/configurations.  You should not be creating new cloud services.
Answer: A simple way top look at it;
A cloud service is a service that can have 1 or more VMs included in it. Yes in the ASM (Classic) Azure world you MUST be part of a cloud service. The Cloud service allows you to do Networking NAT rule (Endpoints) and loadbalancer rules can be enable too.
A VM is a VM on instance.
I believe the confusion is the term is also/sometimes use to describe a configuration of ARM VMs sitting behind a loadbalancer that does a specific role.  Since its behind a loadbalancer you can also configure Networking NAT rules (endpoints) and Loadbalancer rules.
Hope this helps clarify things.


Is it possible to create a standalone model in ArcMap Modelbuilder?

Question: Is it possible to create an algorithm in ArcMap Modelbuilder that could then become a fully standalone applet? I would like to be able to provide this processing algorithm even to users who do not own an ArcMap license.
Answer: Modelbuilder is an interface for chaining together proprietary ArcGIS tools, which require a license to run. There's no way to operate a model outside of Modelbuilder or Arcpy, both of which also require a license.
Comment: As @Wes said its not legally possible without an ArcGIS license however you may want to look into open source GIS like QGIS which has its own equivalent of Modelbuilder called "Graphical Modeler" and a Python scripting equivalent PyQGIS. Users can download this software for free and run your models/scripts.
Comment: Unfortunately I've had my share of disappointments with the QGIS graphical modeler. I am taking a break from it because of the innumerable annoying bugs it contains...
Answer: Not as such, but if you are linked with ESRI you can publish your model as a geoprocessing service on the Web. This requires a specific licence on your side (ArcGIS server), and the tool will run on your computer.
Alternatively, you can use some Open source software, but the core software will most of the time need to be installed on the users computer in order to run your model.
Answer: You may build custom tools and algorithms using ArcGIS Engine.
Common Questions

Is an application that's built with ArcGIS Engine dependent on
  ArcView, ArcEditor, or ArcInfo?
No. Custom applications built with the ArcGIS Engine Developer Kit are
  not dependent on ArcView, ArcEditor, or ArcInfo. Custom ArcGIS Engine
  applications only need ArcGIS Engine Runtime.
Comment: You'll still have to pay for an EDN Subscription to use ArcGIS Engine.  As it says on the bottom of the link you posted: "ArcGIS Engine is part of the Esri Developer Network (EDN) annual subscription."
Comment: coooool I wonder if it supports all those amazing arcpy functions like focal stat, batch processing, raster processing and the like...


Why does unsharing mount namespace require CAP_SYS_ADMIN?

Question: For a project of mine I need only the mount namespace unshared, which requires the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability (see namespaces). While it is possible to create a new mount-namespace without capabilities by unsharing the user namespace as well, I would like to avoid that, since this introduces other limitations (e.g. setuid-programs cannot be called from there). I'm thinking about writing a setuid-program which allows unsharing the mountspace for everyone and was wondering, if that is insecure in any way? Currently I cannot think up a scenario where that would be the case. So, what is the rationale behind disallowing unsharing the mountspace for regular users?
Comment: Could you please you elaborate, how exactly this could be a done? A regular user cannot create mountpoints without appropriate permissions...
Comment: Because it may allow anyone to create mount namespace with mount points sharing a peer group with some mount point in the original mount namespace.
Answer: I can think of two reasons for the kernel choice.

If / has not been remounted as MNT_SHARED (for example by systemd), then cloning the mount namespace will pin all mounts, including of removable media.
Also, we don't allow unprivileged users to create "unexpected" states, because it has the potential to confuse some setuid program.  So this is the safer option, if they have no particular reason to think it would be useful.  And they could not think of any significant reason why you would want permission to clone a mount namespace, but not be able to do anything with it.  Clearly you have thought of some reason, but even reading your question I was not able to guess what it was :-).
Comment: What do you mean by "pin"
Comment: @炸鱼薯条德里克 keep open, and prevent from unmounting.


Do you know about status date changes in Elsevier editorial

Question: I submitted an article to an Elsevier Journal in (Jan, 2018)
The status and the status date changed after one week in "under review".
Now status remains "Under review" but the status date is new (Sep 2018)
Could you please tell me what it means?
Thanks
Answer: It means something went wrong with the review process. For example either of these could have happened:

The editor handling your paper resigned from the editorial board, and the journal assigned a new editor.
The reviewer who was reviewing your paper submitted a review, which updates the status to "required reviews complete" or to "decision in progress", but the editor decided the review was poor and invited new reviewers.

One thing that didn't happen is "nothing". Something definitely happened, or the status would not update.


Can a mosquito transmit radiation?

Question: Imagine that a mosquito just bit a person from Chernobyl (for example) and hypothetically it went far far away from chernobyl's radiation ratio and bit another person. Can this mosquito transmit radiation from the 1st person to the 2nd one?
Comment: Mosquitos collect about 3 mg of blood per bite. Exposure to 2 mg U/m3 (as pure uranium hexafluoride) *6 hours/day for 30 days* caused 5, 20, and 80% mortality in guinea pigs, dogs, and rabbits, respectively (Spiegl 1949). You would probably be exposed to higher amounts of radiation from an old CRT television than from a mosquito bite.
Comment: yes it can transmit, no not a hazardous quantity over a long distance. if mosquito pick up a dangerous contaminated blood, the mosquito will die of it before it gets far. if mozzie does not die, the dose is not dangerous for a human, who is **several billion** times larger than the doze the mozzie will deposit when biting again, and will dilute the dose correspondingly.
Comment: You might want to take this question to Physics SE.
Comment: @Tom The fact that a question can be asked on another stack does not mean that this question is not suitable for WB.SE.
Comment: @Otkin The [help] specifically states: "Must include context: What are you trying to accomplish? Context gives people writing answers an idea of what your end state will look like and why you want to get there.". This question has no worldbuilding context at present, voting to close as 'needs details and clarity'.
Comment: @Tom or, given the wording of the question, probably not...
Comment: @Otkin Agreed. I didn't vote to close or downvote. Just thought it might be a profitable avenue.
Comment: @Tom I thought it was you and the other person who upvoted your comment who tried to VTC. My apologies.
Answer: It seems like your question boils down to a few things:

Is the blood of a person from Chernobyl radioactive?
How much radiation would be transferred in the next bite?
Is this a dangerous amount?

A living person is unlikely to have blood that is appreciably radioactive (source: they aren't dead).  But let's assume that they are an average fleeing evacuee from the Chernobyl disaster, with a dose of 30 mSv (source).  Let's further assume that this dose came entirely from particles in the bloodstream (inaccurate, but a drastic overestimate at least).  The normal background dose over a year is about 3 mSv (source), so we could say that if they received that dose all in one day then their blood is about 3000 times more radioactive than normal.
A half-full mosquito would have something like 2-3 microliters of blood (source).  Assuming that 1% of this blood ends up in the next person that is bitten, the mosquito will end up transferring about 30 nanoliters of 3000-times-more-radioactive blood into the next person.
This is about 0.6 millionths of a percent of their blood, which would translate to an increase over background radiation of 0.0018%.  The bite itself would be more harmful than the radioactivity.
Comment: @PaŭloEbermann - 1% was a complete guess.  My reasoning was, if nothing transferred, then mosquito-transmitted diseases (not mosquito-borne) wouldn't really be a thing, but if a significant amount transferred, then that's an inefficiency for the mosquito and would be evolutionarily selected against.  0% would give nothing transmitted, 100% would give an increase in background radiation of 0.18%, which is still negligible.
Comment: Re: *A living person is unlikely to have blood that is appreciably radioactive (source: they aren't dead)* - perhaps it would fit the OPs story for the mosquito to have bit someone who had just died (perhaps even while the mosquito was landing on them!) from a massive radiation overdose, allowing for higher concentration? Although in that case the mosquito itself would probably have got a similar dose of radiation from its own direct exposure to the event, so some explanation would be needed why that wasn't fatal to the mosquito too.
Comment: @Steve yes and no, part of that blood meal would be turned into those things, but a lot will (just as with our food) end up being discarded. In fact a lot of insects don't use any of the food they take in as adults for any other purpose than creating eggs (and sperm for males, but male mosquitoes don't bite, they're vegetarians). I'm not sure if that's strictly true of mosquitoes though.
Comment: How did you get to the 1% in "1% of this blood ends up in the next person that is bitten"?
Comment: @IronEagle mosquito transmitted diseases tend to be transmitted through the saliva of the mosquito, which is injected into the bite wound to prevent clotting (the saliva contains an anti-clotting agent). A tiny amount of blood may of course be left on the proboscus from the previous bite but that's not the primary vector.
Comment: @jwenting the atoms an molecules in a mosquito's saliva would be sourced from its recent blood meals, so likely to have a similar concentration of radioactive isotopes as the blood from which it was sourced, so although "x% of the blood ends up in the next person" is a simplification, given it's no longer in the form of blood, I don't think it's entirely inaccurate, and x% may well be larger than 1%
Answer: Yes
Smaller bits of, for example, plutonium can be devastating to a person's health over time. It is not impossible for blood to be so contaminated that it can give lethal doses to a person in a mosquito. As I understand it, it can be depressingly small what can eventually kill you.
Then again, very much no
The person they would need to bite would either just put a needle with nuclear stuff into his or her bloodstream, while the mosquito needs to drink just downstream of the needle. Any other scenario the person they bite is most likely already dead. It is just way too much radiation to have floating homogeneous in the bloodstream. Mosquitoes don't bite dead people. They sense the veins and such from the blood pressure coursing through, allowing them to bite in such a way that the pressure fills them up automatically (and not explode them). A dead person doesn't have the blood pressure that makes them bite.
Insects generally have a higher tolerance to nuclear materials, but if they get something that is lethal over decades for a mammal as large as a human, it is most definitely bad for the incredibly small mosquito. Likely it'll die of direct radiation poisoning before it reaches any distance.
Comment: your assertion that tiny amounts of Plutonium are lethal is incorrect in itself. The amount certainly isn't microscopic. Plutonium's toxicity is on a level similar to that of Lead, less than that of Cadmium, while in its metallic form. The killer here is Plutonium Oxide dust, which is very bad news when inhaled. A few atoms of Plutonium entering the blood stream through an insect bite aren't going to harm you.
Comment: @jwenting I have to disagree. As you say, Plutonium in the air, settling in the lungs, is very dangerous. We skip the lungs and go directly into the bloodstream, where the Plutonium has more opportunities to do harm. Alpha radiation also doesn't interact sometimes with the air, as it would do from the lungs. That being said, I agree with you that the mosquito cannot harm the human. The conditions to bring enough into the bloodstream are ludicrous, which I pointed out in the second section. Not to mention the mosquito generally doesn't bite again, as it has the required ingredients for eggs.
Comment: Sure, if you were to directly inject a significant amount of radioactive material into the body you'd get radiation exposure. This is what happens with some forms of cancer treatment as well. But the main toxicity of Plutonium (due to its reasonably long half life) isn't from radiation but checmical toxicity.
Answer: Really no vector (intermediary agent) "transmits radiation". What happens is, they either

physically deposit radioactive materials, which then emit radiation, which is absorbed, or else,
they are radioactive or carry radioactive materials, which are not deposited, but emit radiation, which is absorbed.

Therefore the OP's mosquito must in effect do one of these things:

deposit radioactive dust/particles it picked up
inject radioactive blood or surface contaminants it acquired when feeding
be radioactive itself and have that radioactivity absorbed

The problem is, radioactive materials mostly would be negligible for the tiny amount a mosquito could transfer.  Even plutonium, notoriously toxic, has studies suggesting that it isn't quiiiiiiiite as toxic as many believe (Source: Wikipedia #toxicity). Also if there's enough to endanger a human, its unclear whether the mosquito will survive to bite.

Can a mosquito transmit radiation?


Does Stone-Weierstrass hold for sets of functions that only separate points on a dense subspace?

Question: Supose $X$ is a compact Hausdorff topological space and $Y \subseteq X$ a dense subset. If $S$ is a set of functions in $C(X)$ such that separates points in $Y$ then the Stone-Weierstrass theorem still hold?
Comment: If memory serves, Stone-Weierstrass for $C(X\rightarrow\mathbb{C})$ requires self-adjointness as well, which suggests that your conjecture is false. But I'm having trouble constructing a counterexample.
Answer: No, this never works unless $Y$ is all of $X$.  Indeed, suppose $x\in X\setminus Y$ and $y\in Y$.  Consider the subalgebra $A$ of $C(X)$ consisting of all functions $f$ such that $f(x)=f(y)$.  Then $A$ is a closed *-subalgebra of $C(X)$ and it separates points of $Y$, but it is not all of $C(X)$.


Where was Jesus's soul during the three days of His death?

Question: There is a three day period between Jesus's death and resurrection. Where does the Catholic Church teach Jesus's soul was during that time?
Comment: How can a body be in a "spiritual state"? That's analogous to asking: "What corporal state was the soul…?"
Comment: @Geremia I was speaking in broad terms about the location and actions of Jesus' soul, as elaborated on in the actual body of the question.
Answer: Explaining the second part of the fourth article of the Creed ("Died and Buried"), the Catechism of the Council of Trent says:

man dies when the soul is separated from the body. When, therefore, we say that Jesus died, we mean that His soul was disunited from His body. We do not admit, however, that the Divinity was separated from His body. On the contrary, we firmly believe and profess that when His soul was dissociated from His body, His Divinity continued always united both to His body in the sepulchre and to His soul in [the] limbo [of the Fathers, "Abraham's Bosom"].


Can my husband apply for a Schengen visa from the UK?

Question: I have been in UK for three months on work permit visa. My husband will be traveling to UK now as my dependent. Can he apply for a Schengen visa from the UK, since I am staying here & he is my dependent, although he won't have been in UK for 3 months?
Comment: How long is his UK visa issued for?
Comment: Its issued till March 2018.
Comment: Dependent visa issued for > 6 months should be fine
Comment: Thanks, just to confirm- so its not mandatory for a person to stay more than 3months in UK prior applying schengen visa from UK?
Comment: That rule is a member stipulation and not a Schengen one, so it really depends upon which country you are thinking of.
Comment: Am thinking of France & Amsterdam
Answer: It would depend on what kind of visa your husband has. From VFS Global:

Applicant must at least meet the following criteria in order to be eligible to submit a Schengen visa application:

holding a valid passport/travel document
holding a valid UK residence permit. In case applicant holds a short stay visa, a C type visa (see example here), for the UK, then applicant needs to apply for a Schengen visa from his/her residence country.

So if your husband has a residency permit he is free to make an application.


How long will this apple compote keep in the fridge?

Question: How long will this apple compote keep in the fridge?
http://www.foodandwine.com/recipes/savory-apple-compote
Answer: How long do you want to keep it ?
I'd say a couple of days.
If wanting to keep it longer, I'd freeze it in portions in freezer "ziplock" bags.
Answer: You can keep a homemade compote from 48h to 7 days regarding how it is stored in the fridge, closed, the amount of sugar etc...


Can you force the spin measurement on an electron?

Question: Can you force an electron spin to be up or down so that when you measure it, you know what you will expect? I imagine that with an entangled electron pair, forcing the spin on one would enable faster than light communication because you would know the other's state. I imagine if you have a number of entangled electrons, if it was possible to filter the pool of electrons such that only known states will pass the filter when you measure them, then it would be possible to send a complex message. Even if you can force the spin with greater than random chance (noise), it might still be useful to encode a message and decipher it on the other end.
Comment: unfortunately, faster than light communication it is not possible, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-communication_theorem
Comment: (To make my statement more precise: You can never force the spin to be anything, but if you are not maximally entangled, it might nevertheless not be fully random.)
Comment: @brucesmitherson Why "unfortunately"?
Comment: @NorbertSchuch Because if you could physics  would become more interesting, I guess.
Comment: @brucesmitherson I am fairly sure physics would become more boring. (Certainly, it does if you allow for postselected measurements as asked by the OP.)
Comment: @brucesmitherson So you are saying it is impossible to force the spin of an electron and every measurement is 100% random?
Comment: @Chloe Only if the state is maximally entangled; but then, yes.
Comment: no, the way I see it you question had two parts, I only pointed you to the fact that entanglement does not allow that. For pure states you can prepare the system in an eigenvector estate of some observable, and then you know that the measurement will always be the eigenvalue of that state (but of course, this still does not allow superluminal communication)
Answer: It is possible to know the spin state of an electron leaving a sample. In this way one can "prepare" electrons in a given state. That is how polarization experiments are done.
If a message is encoded in an electron beam, it will not arrive faster than light. The light velocity is the limit at which electrons might travel.
It is not possible to transmit a message, faster than light,  even using entanglement,even if one measures  the spin polarization of each individual electron. Suppose for simplicity that each electron is entangled with the  parent atom,  the entanglement is fixed at the time of departure. One cannot change the parent atom's spin state and transmit the effect to the electron that has already left. One will just destroy the entanglement. One cannot "write a message" after departure of the beam.
Answer: The assumption, that the states of two entangled by their spin electrons are indifferent - hence a superposition - is right for our knowledge about this states and mathematically correct. I'm not so familiar with pair production of electrons, but let's take the pair production of photons in a spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The two photons are entangled by their spin always in the same manner. Until nobody measure one of the photons state (the spin) our knowledge about the concrete distribution of two states to the two photons is zero. What we know is, that both states are exist and we get a confirmation about this at any time, after we measured both particles. Measuring one particle, we predict the state of the second and get the right result for the second sate by measurement in a statistical satisfying result. Wy statistical satisfying? Because the environment very fast destroys the state. The real art of the quantum cryptography is it, to prevent the state of entangled particles from destruction.
Long story, short conclusion: After we measure the state of one of the two entangled particles the experience value about this process from previous measurements of both particles let us make the prediction about the state of the second particle. But only the measurement of the second state gives us certainty. The tricky thing is, that statistically the experience value is smaller than 1, means, that not all measurements give the right correlations (see the environment influence) but we are legitimate due to understanding the process with its conservation of state variables or due to our experience from past experiments to expect the entanglement for artfully prepared spontaneous parametric down-conversion setups.
And now, please, following the causality chain, at which point this this interpretation of entanglement is less truth or more wrong than the collapse of a probability function of two entangled particles? In both cases we have ingoing parameters and resulting parameters of the involved particles. The time between the start of the process and the measurement of the states is hidden and any interpretation has to be wellcome as long as it predicts the right results.
But - the faster than light communication will not appear at all as a question in the explanation I give. And this is the important point, that after an interpretation of a process we have or we have not new questions.


Does Automator keep a log of all changed files?

Question: I ran a batch rename of all files named index.html to index.php with Automator - I meant to run it on a specific folder and instead ran it on my whole computer. I can't undo the changes as far as I know (no time machine backup either). Does automator have a log of the files that were changed?
Answer: Automator doesn't keep a log file, if you didn't include some logging routine in the action itself.
You should be able to find all falsely renamed index.html files by checking the modify date of superior folders: search for all files with the name index.php and check if the modify date of the superior folder is the same as the execution date of the Automator action. If the modify date is the same, the file (not located at the "specific" folder) was renamed unintentionally. If the modify date of the superior folder is earlier than the Automator action execution date the file wasn't renamed.
To get all folders containing a file index.php quickly, enter:
sudo find / -type f -name 'index.php' |sed 's#\(.*\)/.*#\1#' |sort -u

To get a list of folders sorted by modify date with ls use something like this:
ls -dl $(find / -type f -name 'index.php' |sed 's#\(.*\)/.*#\1#')

The last command doesn't work for paths containing spaces!
Comment: Thanks - Is it possible to filter the search by modified date rather than just sorting them by modified date? The results don't indicate when they were modified.
Comment: @mheavers Just use another option like -dl instead of -dt. I still have to find a search expression which doesn't exclude paths containing spaces though!


Difference between gLite and OpenNebula

Question: What is the difference between gLite and OpenNebula?
I intend to differences in structure and in usage. When to use the one and when the other?
Answer: I think g.lite is a DSL service that offers a download speed that is slower than other forms (maximum of 1.5 Mbps).
Whereas, OpenNebula is a cloud computing toolkit for managing heterogeneous or different distributed database center infrastructures.
Answer: gLite is a grid middleware, which -- very simply put -- takes care of (bulk) submission and processing of grid jobs (+ related tasks like scheduling, data handling, monitoring, information service and others).
OpenNebula is a cloud management framework, which -- again put simply -- provides you with virtual machines on demand, based on available templates.
So, you will use gLite if your workload comes in the form of jobs (think scripts), which can run in the target system (gLite is currently only supported in Debian 6 and Scinetific Linux 5 & 6). You will use OpenNebula if you need on-demand virtual machines running your own (or publically available vanilla) system images. You can of course preinstall any software you need in those images.)
I promise to give a better aimed answer if you say more about what your situation is and what you want to achieve. Both products are actually intended to  provide different kind of service.

Difference between gLite and OpenNebula


The set {${m^m}/{n^n}: m,n\in \mathbb{N}$} density in ${\mathbb{Q}_+}$

Question: I missed this topic (density) , so need help.
Is the set {${m^m}/{n^n}: m,n\in \mathbb{N}$} everywhere dense in positive rational numbers set?
I think maybe first of all here we must try with, for example $m=1, n=2; m=2, n=3;\ldots$ But need help to end this idea and proof.
Answer: Hint:

try to find values between $\dfrac{1}{2}$ and $2$
$\dfrac{n^n}{n^n}=1$ is a possibility. Are there any others? If so, what values do they take? If not, why not?
Comment: Thank you, it was helpful.
Answer: No, this set is not dense.
If $m > n$ then
$\frac{m^m}{n^n}$ is at least $m$ which (as $m,n \in \mathbb{N}$) must be at least 2, and
$\frac{n^n}{m^m}$ is no larger than $\frac{1}{m}$ which must be no larger than $\frac{1}{2}$.
In fact, at any positive integer $z$ one can show that there are at most $z^2$ ordered pairs $(m,n)$ that satisfy $m^m/n^n \in [z,z+1]$. Indeed, $m$ must satisfy $m>n$ but $m$ cannot be larger than $z$.


Terminated EC2 instances keep restarting

Question: I have a couple of small EC2 instances (t1.micro and t2.micro) one of which was setup using AWS-EB. I'd like to terminate both of them, but whenever I terminate them, the re-appear in my list of running instances a couple of minutes later. How do I fully terminate them? Termination protection is not enabled.
Answer: As far as I'm aware the configuration wizard for AWS-EB configures an EC2 AutoScaling group for you automatically with a default desired running instances count of 1. That is why every time you try to terminate an instance the instance is relaunched.
I would therefore suggest removing AutoScaling group(s) and probably also load balancer configurations that you no longer need.
These steps will actually be done for you if you terminate the EB application, so there should be no need to do this manually.
Comment: I'm bleeding lots of $ because Amazon keeps restarting these instances.  Your "steps" above don't exist on the AWS Console.
Answer: Got answer from Amazon Custom Service.
I've researched your account, and the instance is being launched by an active Elastic Beanstalk environment. Terminating the instance will trigger a new one to launch, as each application has by default at least one instance.
If you'd like to delete your environment, follow these instructions:

Log into the Management Console, then select the region your environment is in from the drop-down menu in the upper right of the page. Your environment is located in the US East(Ohio) region.
Navigate to the Elastic Beanstalk Console here:

https://console.aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/

Select the environment and choose "Terminate this environment" from the "Actions" menu.

This will delete the Elastic Beanstalk environment, as well as its associated resources. If you'd like help with this, feel free to request a call from us by using the "Phone" contact option on this case.
I hope that helps, but please let me know if you have any other questions.
Answer: From my experience, you used t1.micro from another service, not EC2. To terminate this, you need to go to that service. In my case, I need to go to BeanTalk to terminate it without restarting
Answer: In some cases, a VPC will act as a wrapper around additional resources.  If there is a VPC that was created specifically to hold the, now unwanted, EC2 instances (check the VPC dashboard), the correct move may be to delete that VPC in its entirety.
When attempting to delete the VPC at the AWS console, you will receive notices for resource that must be first closed manually.  This should include any EC2 Auto Scaling groups that are maintaining your active instance count.
In other words, attempting to delete the VPC will trigger a guided process of deleting other resources that you might otherwise have left dangling -- including, indirectly, your auto-scaled EC2 instances.

In my case, the VPC had been created by eksctl and was not automatically removed when I deleted the EKS cluster at the AWS dashboard.  Perhaps I should have followed the instructions.
Answer: @user397515 is right It's BeansTalk that automactically create t1 server


Xml schema interfaces

Question: I'm attempting to write an XML schema to define some model classes to be used in jaxb in java.
I would like to be able to define an interface in the xsd but I've no idea how to do this.
For example a lot of my classes will have an attribute called id which is type xs:ID. They will have an attribute called ref which is type xs:IDREF and they will have an attribute called extRef which means that there is a refrence but the element is not specified in the given xml file.
Ideally this would be an interface when converted to java for two reasons.

The classes that implement this are not necessarily connected.
I would like to specify a different inheritance tree for some of these objects.

Example:
<code><!-- Utility type to be externally referenceable this is too keep all the
    externally refrencable attributes in check -->
<xs:complexType name="ExternallyReferenceable" abstract="true">
    <xs:attribute name="extRef" type="externalReference" />
    <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:ID" />
    <xs:attribute name="ref" type="xs:IDREF" />
</xs:complexType>

<xs:complexType name="ExternalCarPart">
    <xs:extension base ="ExternallyReferenceable" />
</xs:complexType>

<xs:complexType name="CarPart">
    <xs:extension base ="ExternalCarPart">
                     <xs:sequence>
                             <xs:element type="xs:string" name="partName" />
                     </xs:sequence>
    </xs:extension>
</xs:complexType>

<xs:complexType name="CarLamp">
    <xs:extension base ="ExternalCarPart">
                     <xs:sequence>
                             <xs:element type="xs:string" name="glassPurity" />
                     </xs:sequence>
            </xs:extension>
</xs:complexType>
</code>
So in the above example it would be better if exteranllyRefrencable was an interface, and if carpart was an interface.
This would allow CarLamp to inherit from lamp rather than external car part. BicycleLamp could also implement the externallyRefrencable interface and extend lamp also.
Please ask me for clarification if the question isn't clear.
Answer: IIRC, JAXB doesn't generate interfaces from XSD.
JAXB also supports generating XSD from Java classes.  I'm not sure what it does with interfaces in that regard, but perhaps you need to go at it in the opposite direction - begin with Java and generate XSD, though I'm not sure that will help you.

Xml schema interfaces


Story where a super soldier of the future tries to get in touch with the faint humanity within himself

Question: I am looking for the author of a sci-fi short story. I may have read it in a collection of sci-fi stories about super-soldiers. The story is about how a soldier of the future - who is massive in terms of size and strength - visits his parents after tracking them down. He has not seen them before in his life. At first they are scared but then after he convinces them of his identity, the reception is very cold. The mother tries to have a conversation with him. However, the father gets enraged suddenly because he recalls how she almost died giving birth to him. The implication is that they were forced to participate in the program to give birth to larger than normal babies. He forcefully asks the soldier to leave and never come back. The soldier is shown as aloof, emotion-less and not very affected by this. However, the story ends with the soldier deployed to a distant planet and boards his ship. He drifts off to sleep. And for the first time in his life dreams of lots of people looking at him with an alien feeling (love) and smiling. In his entire life, it's the first time he recalls someone smiling at him.
Comment: BTW, I remember this story.  His cover story for going to visit his birth mother is that he is bringing home the effects of his half-brother, their actual son.  His mother and her husband are farmers in rural northwestern US, like Idaho or Oregon.
Comment: Hi, welcome to SF&F.  It might help us identify the story if you can recall approximately when it was you read this.
Answer: The story you're looking for is "Furlough" (1979) by Skip Wall, published in Asimov's, November 1979 and not, as far as I can tell, anthologized.
Assault Sergeant Charles Xavier Dawson goes to visit the Sandersons, who live on a farm near Corvallis in the territory formerly known as Oregon.  His visit is ostensibly to deliver the personal effects of their son, Jamie Sanderson, who he met and befriended on a mission.
Dawson is a giant:

He stepped carefully on the steps and porch, knowing his three-hundred-fifty-pound frame could easily damage the old wood. He tapped lightly on the freshly painted white door, and the curtains jiggled ever so slightly with the touch of his knuckles, as if afraid.

And

He ducked under the door and stood, grateful that the ceiling was high enough for him to stand. He did not want to accentuate his size; this business would be difficult enough as it was.

He admits he is their son and it doesn't go down very well:

"You're God-damned right you should never have come. You've got no idea what you're stirring up." Sanderson's eyes were almost black now. "Oh, sure, they said. Why, there are over a billion fertile wombs out there, just walking around like nobody's business. Who the hell needs cloning, they said, who needs to spend all that money on research? Why, we'll just look around for a few Supermen with dominant genes and impregnate all those women. Nine months later, there you are, and it hardly cost us a cent. Oh, they were really smart, yes sir." The bitterness in his voice was almost palpable, a thick, dark, angry syrup. "Line 'em up and give 'em a child by some stranger she never even sees. Let's make us a whole race of bastards, everybody. Never mind how she feels about it. Never mind how her husband feels. Never mind that she can never have another one because the... the... damned things are so big she gets ruined!"

Indeed the story ends with him falling asleep and dreaming of people who care for him:

As he fell asleep, that last moment with the Sandersons changed subtly, replayed again and again, blurred a little more each time, the components changing imperceptibly. He saw them standing there at last, adoring eyes shining up at him. Charles, we want you to come home, son.
Comment: Huh. The early setup of the story reminds me of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guest_(2014_American_film)
Comment: @DavidW - Thank you! You have made my childhood a bit more real.
Comment: @DavidW - Thank you! You have made my childhood a bit more real. I read this exact magazine as a kid growing up in India. I used to haunt the scrap merchant shops to get sci-fi magazines from the US and Alfred Hitchcock Mystery magazines (not sure of the name). This story stuck with me for decades because I identified (still do) with the character who is hated by his very parents for no fault of his own! His search, his courage to go searching for answers even when he suspects that nothing good will come of it ... It is palpable as heck even now!! Again, thanks from the bottom of my heart!
Comment: @user1554876 You're most welcome!  The story stuck with me too.  If you would accept this answer, using the checkmark button under the voting arrows in the upper-left corner of the answer, it might help future searchers looking for the same story.
Comment: @DavidW - Done. BTW, since you are quoting the text, is it possible to get the back issues in digital format somewhere? I followed your link from the first sentence but other than the details of the issue that it was featured in, I could not find the story itself.
Comment: @user1554876 Oh, I'm sorry!  [This link](https://archive.org/details/Asimovs_v03n11_1979-11/page/n91/mode/2up) will take you directly to the scan of the story.  All issues of *Asimov's* up to around 2010 are [here](https://archive.org/details/asimovmagazine) and the [Pulp Magazine Archive](https://archive.org/details/pulpmagazinearchive) has scans of many other magazines, like *Fantasy & Science Fiction* (but not *Analog*).
Comment: @DavidW - Thank you! You're too kind .,.....