What is the origin of the phrase "to give up"?

Question: How did "give up" start to mean to quit?
Comment: In this particular sense of *to give up*, the OED only has examples from the 17th century:
*3. intr. To leave off; to cease from effort, leave off trying; to stop. Also, to succumb.

a1616   Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. ii. 46   She hath bin reading late, The Tale of Tereus, heere the leaffe's turn'd downe Where Philomel gaue vp.

1714   Swift Some Free Thoughts upon Present State Affairs (1741) 13   They have been..very near giving up in Despair.*
Comment: [Etymology Online](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=give&allowed_in_frame=0) says this use dates from the 12th century.
Comment: See also http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/67309/etymology-of-given-up-the-ghost
Answer: "Give up" is almost a word-for-word translation of surrender (sur = over/above/up + render = to give, present), so it seems to be an Anglosaxon version of a French/Latin word. It has been used for much longer 400 years but was probably popularised through its use in the King James Bible:

30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

John 19:30 King James Version (KJV)
Answer: In French, we have the word: "se rendre" = to render itself. Implicitly, it is "to render itself to the winner". To let him/her decide about your future. It is close to the meaning "to abandon" if you think that for many religions your daily life is controlled by destiny (to render itself to destiny is likely a very used concept in old books) and other similar concepts.
I suspect that with the tradition of hiding the reflection in English, "se rendre" turned into "to render/give" and the particle "up" was necessary to explicit a specific meaning, as do all phrasal verbs.
Note also that "surrender" is likely to be the pronunciation of "se rendre" by an English teller. Coincidence or I think not.
Comment: Interesting, but do you have anything to back it up?
Answer: Give up is also word to word equivelant of German aufgeben (auf = up, geben = give).
My guess is that in old times, people who didn't make any more active actions in pursuit of their interest, gave the matter up to the deity up above in the sky (i.e. god).
With time the original meaning of giving it to someone/something else was forgotten, and it came to mean only the part of stop actively trying to do something by yourself.
Answer: Google dredged up this great answer, buried in this Reddit comment to the question "ELI5: Why is the word "up" used so often in seemingly inappropriate ways? How can I "give up" or "fill up"?"

The 'up' in 'give up' is absolutely metaphorical! Without realizing it, you even acknowledge this later in your post:

"Give up your freedom," or gun, or virginity, or whatever is being held by the person of lower position (power/social standing/ legal standing/ etc.)

In none of those examples, except perhaps virginity among unadventurous couples, is one party literally 'above' the other. The metaphor at play is 'more power = higher in literal, above-sea-level altitude.'

Then read this same deleted user's next comment, in the chain.

Yes, again, hierarchic language often represents social station with 'height' and 'lowness,' but first, this is inherently a metaphor -- the article you link to doesn't address this at all -- and second, even in English this isn't always the case. A boss is sometimes called a 'big boss,' for instance, and never a 'high boss.' People everywhere still understand themselves within a social hierarchy of some sort, but this doesn't mean they understand their social superiors to be physically, literally above them. Instead of saying 'he is more important than I,' we often say something to the effect of 'He is above me.' This is precisely what a metaphor is -- using the language of space to describe a parallel abstract concept, in this case relative status.
To address the article on metaphor you link to, it states that:

A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes a subject by asserting that it is, on some point of comparison, the same as another otherwise unrelated object.

The subject here is status within a hierarchy, and the otherwise unrelated object is altitude.

See this article dated December 5 2007. Just edit this post, if you find more posts on Reddit that asked this question.

Why do you think "giving" is part of the etymology in forgive?

Pardon is an "etymological synonym" of forgive.
Comment: As it's currently written, your answer is unclear. Please [edit] to add additional details that will help others understand how this addresses the question asked. You can find more information on how to write good answers [in the help center](/help/how-to-answer).
Answer: The one holding high ground is understood to have the advantage. "Giving up" seems to mean "I am relinquishing the high ground".
Comment: This "answer" begs the question, it doesn't explain how the words *give up* came to mean *surrender*.
Answer: The phrase arose in a transitive sense in Middle English. The Middle English Dictionary traces give up (in the entry for the verb yeven) meaning several things related to surrender:

[give] up, relinquish (an office), give up (sth., a battle, project, an endeavor, etc.), abandon (a belief), renounce (an allegiance, matters of war, etc.); surrender (a castle, a town); also fig.; also, relinquish professional interest in (a horse), give up on [quot. 1409].

Early quoted uses always take an object. One is always yielding something, either physical or abstract:

?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : King Stephne…dide ælle in prisun til hi iafen up here castles.

c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)94/660 : Twa hundret cnihtes…ȝeuen anan up hare ȝeomere bileaue. [their wretched faith]

The intransitive sense (think, "She gave up") emerges by the early 17th century, as the Oxford English Dictionary shows ("give, v.," phrasal verb 1, "to give up," meaning 3):

intransitive. To leave off; to cease from effort, leave off trying; to stop. Also, to succumb. ~1616a

a1616    She hath bin reading late, The Tale of Tereus, heere the leaffe's turn'd downe Where Philomele gaue vp.
W. Shakespeare, Cymbeline (1623) ii. ii. 46

So by the time Shakespeare wrote Cymbeline, give up without an object could mean that the subject of the verb quit or surrendered.


Did Rabeinu Tam wear Rashi Tefilin?

Question: To the best of my knowledge the majority of people that wear Rabeinu Tam Tefilin put it on without a Bracha at some later point in Tefila or after Tefila. Based on this I was wondering is there any source that discusses what Rabeinu Tam did? Did he wear Rabeinu Tam Tefilin exclusively? Did he also wear Rashi Tefilin? What order did he wear them in and on which did Rabeinu Tam make a Bracha?
Comment: If Rabbenu Tam never indicates that he did this, and indicates that he thought Rashi was wrong, would you consider that sufficient proof?
Comment: @ger maybe Rashi also wore Rabbenu Tam tefillin. Maybe Rashi only put on his tefillin as a Chumra after Rabbenu Tam's
Comment: @mevaqesh Suppose you are correct that Rabbeinu Tam indicated that Rashi was wrong does it mean he did not wear Rashi Tefilin at all or perhaps he still wore Rashi Tefilin to be Yotzai that Shita?
Comment: @ger the question is what is the burden of proof to disprove something which there is no reason to assume is correct, and every reason to assume is incorrect.
Comment: Prob. didn't wear at first upon becoming *bar mitzvah*.
Comment: I heard this question is discussed in the sefer "inside stam"
Answer: R Yisroel Reisman in his book Pathways of the Prophets asks a very similar question (p. 413) regarding the source of the dispute between Rashi and R Tam, specifically how could such a dispute have started if there was a continued tradition of wearing tefillin?
He explains there are two approaches to explain -- the second sheds light on your question.
First approach is that there were always two pairs of tefillin (he quotes the Divrei Chaim, Teshuvos v'Hanhagos and Ben Yohada). The second pair was worn as a sign of great piety and the dispute between Rashi and R Tam revolved around which was the primary pair? The main difficulty with this approach is that the gemara doesn't discuss both pairs, nor do the Rif or Rambam. He writes that maybe, since these tefillin were reserved for people with great yiras shamayim who lived humble and holy lives, they were not mentioned by the gemara.
The second approach is that R Tam changed the accepted custom based on his understanding of the true halacha. He could only do this since it was a custom not explicitly mentioned in the gemara. That was the opinion of Michtav M'Eliyahu (4:25) who writes "Certainly there has been an accepted practice, but because there was no precise mesorah... this remains a custom. Torah Law requires that the ruling be examined according to the rules of establishing [halacha] ... and because this resulted in a conclusion that contradicted the custom, the custom was pushed away by the halachic conclusion".
The Gra disagreed, treating the issue as any other machlokes Rishonim in which a definitive ruling already exists.
He explains separately that R Tam's opinion was to put the parchments horizontally into the boxes and we don't follow his opinion. As such even R Tam was not wearing what we know today as R Tam's tefillin ! (Noda B'Yehuda explains why we don't follow this - R Tam was alone in his view while regarding the order of the parchments, other Rishonim concurred with him).
Comment: The shita of Rabenu Tam is an old shita. Rishonim say it was the Minhag of Rav Hay gaon, and Rav Yosef Tov elem, rits ben geat, the raavad on Rambam also holds it. Maybe the father of Rabenu Tam also. He didn't invent those tefilin
Comment: See at the end of masechet menachot Rosh, hilchot tefilin siman 5
Comment: Rav shrira Rabenu Chananel
Comment: https://www.sefaria.org.il/Rosh_on_Menachot%2C_Hilchot_Tefilin.5?lang=he
Comment: According to the first explanation why was wearing a second pair of tefillin ever a sign  of great piety? What piety is there is wearing tefilin other than the correct ones?
Comment: @kouty Like kouty said. The Kesef Mishnah brings a teshuvah of the Rambam to the Chachmei Lunil. In it he says that the gedolei Bavel used to do like Rabbeinu Tam, until a different gadol set them straight. It's a really old machlokes.
Comment: "if there was a continued tradition of wearing tefillin" This shouldn't be a given.
Comment: @Shmerl this is a translation of the words of the Rosh ירא שמים יצא ידי שניהם

Did Rabeinu Tam wear Rashi Tefilin?


Plot 3D density

Question: I have data that is in four columns.  The x y and z are just the coordinates and the fourth is my data.  This is not a function.  This is electron density in a copper cell and I'm trying to display it in a way that makes sense.  Any help would be appreciated.  I was semi-successful in gnuplot but it was hard to see and I could only specify certain boundaries.  using  ($1:$2:($4>0 && $4<2 ? $3/0) This might be slightly wrong, but you get the picture.  I was saying to only plot z if the data was between certain bounds.  There must be a better way and I need your help.  Thanks.  Here is the structure.
Comment: Related: http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/19575/what-are-the-possible-ways-of-visualizing-a-4d-function-in-mathematica
Comment: Have you tried `ListContourPlot3D`? By the way, your title is misleading: this is a 3D density, that is, a density over a three-dimensional region.
Answer: dens = Table[{x, y, z, E^-Norm[{x, y, z}]^2}, {x, -1, 1, .1}, {y, -1,  1, .1}, {z, 0, 1, .1}];
ListContourPlot3D[Flatten[dens, 2],
 Contours -> Range[.1, .3, .03], Mesh -> None,
 ContourStyle -> Opacity[.3], BoundaryStyle -> None,
 ColorFunction -> "TemperatureMap", BoxRatios -> {1, 1, 1/2},
 Boxed -> False, Axes -> False]

Comment: I think `BoxRatios->Automatic` is more useful generally, unless you want to force some particular ratios. `Automatic` makes scales of all directions the same, so that e.g. for a sphere you'll get a sphere not an ellipsoid, without having to think what your `PlotRange` is.
Answer: Starting with Mathematica 11, you can use ListDensityPlot3D function. Taking Dr. belisarius's example data, here's the plot of it:
dens = Table[{x, y, z, E^-Norm[{x, y, z}]^2}, {x, -1, 1, .1}, {y, -1, 1, .1}, {z, 0, 1, .1}];
ListDensityPlot3D[Flatten[dens, 2], PlotRange -> All, BoxRatios -> Automatic]

Or, if you want it to look more like a density cloud instead of jelly, you can tweak some options:
ListDensityPlot3D[Flatten[dens, 2], PlotRange -> All, BoxRatios -> Automatic,
 ColorFunction -> (RGBColor[0.95, 0.6, 0.15] &), OpacityFunction -> (#^4/5 &)]

Plot 3D density


Sub-site left side navigation transfer to top navigation bar?

Question: Is there any way to move the side nav of subsite into the top nav?
Any suggestions or methods that can easily understand?
Answer: The navigation on the left hand-side is called Quick Launch Navigation, and SharePoint have another type of navigation called Global Navigation which is placed on the top bar.
Simply we cannot move one to another.
A bit more information about navigation here.
For what we can do to customize navigation without code, please check this.
Answer: By default left navigation is enabled for team site and it is disabled for communication site - the communication site has the top navigation.
In modern SharePoint online, the recommendation for navigation is Mega Menu navigation whether it is a team site or communication site.
Refer to the below articles for Mega Menu configuration :
Organize your SharePoint sites with megamenu navigation and new "change the look" options
How to create navigation in modern SharePoint Online
Answer: This is now possible using the navigation switcher feature in SharePoint team sites which allows site owners to change navigation's orientation to "Horizontal" which moves team site navigation from left to top side.
Source: New Navigation features for SharePoint team sites


How to make 2 subnets share 1 default gateway

Question: I have a block of IPs a /24 which i have subnetted into 2 /25s. In the first block one of my clients is requesting I give him 3 x /28 and 1 x /30. Subnetting is not an issue. My concern is how do I tell those blocks of IP's that I will subnet to him to use the x.x.x.1 as their default gateway when they are in different subnets to the default gateway. The setup is 1 router with a cable running to a 48 port switch and all servers and users are supposed to connect to that switch.
Comment: You can't do this. If you are subnetting then the default gate IP can't be in a different subnet range now can it? That was the point in subnetting :)
Comment: A gateway is the host on the network that knows how to reach other networks. you would need a gateway to get to a gateway on a different network. In essence, the gateway must be on the same network as the device using the gateway.
Comment: Did any answer help you? if so, you should accept the answer so that the question doesn't keep popping up forever, looking for an answer. Alternatively, you could provide and accept your own answer.
Answer: Have you considered using VLANs and sub-interfaces?
A sub-interface is an interface that uses your physical interface for moving data. That way you can create "multiple networks" in your network by creating the amount of sub-interfaces.
<code>interface fa 0/0
encapsulation dot1q 10
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown

interface fa0/0.1
encapsulation dot1q 20
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
</code>
The 'encapsulation dot1q [number]' is to tell your interface to which VLAN it should be listening. In this case either VLAN 10 or 20.
This way you would have 2 VLANs which would seperate your network; but they would be able to use the same physical default gateway.
I hope I understood your question correctly!
Comment: so in other words I will have to create Vlans in the switch. And create another default gateway using a sub interface?
Comment: Yes. Create the VLANs and just give the gateway IP-address to your (sub-)interfaces.
Answer: AFAIK, i don't think you can do that.

The gateway IP tells the system how to get to another subnet, and
  without it, packets won't leave the current subnet.
A computer only knows how to talk to the other computers that are
  directly connected on the same subnet. A gateway is a "default route"
  which specifies where packets should be sent by default if they are
  not destined for somewhere on the local subnet.

Here :
Comment: Indeed. One cannot set x.1 as a gateway if it isn't within a connected subnet. (or you've added a route to it: `route 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 f0/0`)
Answer: You can't do this.  The gateway is an interface which is on the same subnet as the interface a packet is forwarded on.  When a host wants to forward a packet, it will look at the destination address and use the netmask to determine if the destination is on the same subnet or a different one.
If the destination subnet is the same, the sending host will forward the packet to the destination at layer 2. If the destination subnet is different, it will forward the packet to the gateway at layer 2.  Either the destination host must be local or a local gateway must be known.  You can't have a non-local gateway.
Comment: Actually, proxy-arp *would* work, but you should **never** go there. (there wouldn't be a gateway address, just an interface... `route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/0`)
Comment: Eh, I'd go with "you could, but it's a really bad idea". Proxy-arp MIGHT be able to work around his issue, but proxy-arp is a really, really bad idea.
Comment: ProxyARP solves a different problem, one in which the gateway's address is local but the interface is not in the same broadcast domain.  If the network is 192.168.1.128/25, ProxyARP still won't allow a host to use 192.168.1.1 as the gateway.


(MIUI 9.5) got "waiting for wifi" when tried to install apps using mobile data

Question: How to download from Google Play without Wi-Fi setup ? I always got "waiting for wifi" when tried to install apps using mobile data.
Untick download using Wi-Fi doesn't help. BTW, I'm using MIUI 9.5 Chinese stable.
Answer: I downloaded then install the latest version of Google Play Store from APKMirror, After the installation, the problem is gone!
However, I still don't know why Playstore couldn't update itself.
Answer: Go to Play Store-> Settings -> App Download Preference and select 'Over any network'


WhatsApp messages on my phone were not backed up to the latest date. My phone stopped working and new phone does not have all the messages

Question: The last backup on my older phone for WhatsApp was on 6th may. I was using that phone till 1st June. Today I got a new phone and as predicted, messages from 6th May have not come. Any way to retrieve those messages?
Answer: If you still have access to your old phone, perform a backup and then restore on your new phone. Make sure, however, that all your messages are present on your old phone or else you will lose the ones after 1st June.
If you don't have your old phone, then I'm afraid there's no way you can retrieve those messages, for if there was, it sort of beats the purpose of taking a backup in the first place.


www vs non-www for User Experience?

Question: Which one do you think is more memorable/ looks better? The pros of www are that it may look better, but I heard that it's depreciated due to the face that it has no real meaning. would domain.com be better?
Comment: The site is http://magvato.com or http://www.magvato.com.
Comment: I don't think you can get an answer to this but consider that several major sites favor the "www" version: www.google.com, www.yahoo.com, www.apple.com and for that reason my preference is to use that version as well.  Things may change with the new top level domains coming out (e.g. `.computer`)
Answer:
The shorter is better
It is better to support subdomain www and to redirect requests to parent domain (i.e. without www)
Your real UX fault is misleading users with site name you've posted (magvato.com) and the real web address (magmoz.com)
Answer: For User Experience
Non www, for sure. But regardless of your choice, redirect the other to the chosen one. A user comes to know that WWW could type least While such non-www not received an error page. Do not redirect could cause a bad user experience and sometimes SEO problens if search engine make some mistake.
For technical reasons
This answer depends because of way of cookies works. The answer still "non www" if:

Is a small site. Will not have subdomains soon
If you want serve your CSS, JS and images optimized for performance will use another domain and never your subdomain.

Remember, this choice can affect not only performance but also security in some specific cases, because a subdomain could steal cookies generated by the primary domain or just waste bits on each user request for every file.

www vs non-www for User Experience?


usb daq device to rs232

Question: We have a piece of data acquisition equipment (voltage data logger) that connects to a PC via a USB cable for power and communication. Because of some other equipment we already own, it would be convenient to have this connected to a serial port using RS232 protocol. Is there any easy way to do this (e.g. an off the shelf product)? I have found numerous USB to RS232 converters, but they seem to go in the opposite direction. Can I simply use one of these cables and splice in to provide external power to the unit?
Comment: What does "daq" mean?
Comment: @JYelton  data acquisition
Answer: USB to RS232 or TTL Serial are USB Slave/Peripheral Devices. They need a usb host to work. It does not work backwards by themselves.
Your three options are 1) if the existing device already uses a serial to usb device inside, you can modify it by removing that part and wiring to the existing serial connection. If the serial inside is TTL, you would need a TTL to RS232 level adaptor.
2) If you don't want to modify the device, and it is a simple CDC/virtual serial port device, a small linux computer with a usb and a serial port can be set up as a pass through device. Like 10~20 dollars and an hour to set it up if you have linux experience.
3) If the device is not a simple serial port device, requiring special drivers and software to work, then you are looking at a problem that will require a high number of man hours to reverse engineer and implement, if not money.
A fourth option is replacing the DAQ with one that suits your need.
Comment: I like the linux computer idea, but is $10-$20 realistic?  I'd buy a handful if I can find them at that price, but the best I can do is the Pi or Beaglebone Black, so we're in the $40 range.
Comment: @ScottSeidman all it needs is usb and a serial port. Doesn't need more than like 16mb ram or 4mb flash, all it is doing is booting up, and echoing one virtual serial to the physical serial port. As for linux computer prices, 10 dollar routers, 35 dollar android tv sticks, 30 dollar android cell phones, pogoplugs, 10 dollar digital picture frames, hell, 30 dollar Wifi-enabled sd cards running linux. Embedded computers are cheap, and the less options it needs the cheaper.
Comment: I figured this might be the case. Thanks for the answer. I checked the device and it does not have a serial to usb device inside. Since we will have to have a computer involved anyway, I can just use the computer (e.g. Pi) to read the data over USB and record it.
Answer: No, you likely cannot marry the USB to RS232 converters.  In the USB world, you need a device, and you need a host for the device (ignoring USB OTG for the moment).  The converters are devices, and you'll have no host to control them with.
I suspect it will be easier to build your own voltage data logger w/ serial communication from scratch than it would be to buy or build a USB-to-serial converter.  The biggest obstacle I see is that RS232 does not have power on the connector, so you'd have to power your device.
Alternatively, native serial voltage loggers are probably a dime a dozen! http://www.g4jnt.com/SerialLogger/HF-10.htm, for example.
Comment: I looked for some alternatives to replace the unit we have, but haven't found anything equivalent. Building one would probably be pretty easy, but this is a bit out of my skill set! Thanks for the answer.

usb daq device to rs232


Find the Thévenin equivalent circuit with the output terminals A and B

Question: Im not sure where to start with this question. I dont know what to do with the dependent source and im not sure what I can do with terminals A and B.
Answer:
To find \$R_{th}\$, connect a fictitious voltage source of 1V between A and B, so that \$V_x = 1\$

Now find I using KVL,
$$-2 + 6 - 1- 2I = 0$$
which means, \$ I = 1.5 A \$
Therefore, the thevenins resistance \$R_{th}\$ seen from AB will be just \$ V_x/I = 1/1.5 = 0.667 ohms \$

To find \$ V_{th}\$, look at the original ckt. It is the open circuit voltage across AB = \$V_x\$

\$V_x\$  should be equal to  \$-2V_x + 6\$  because current through 2 ohms = 0.
$$ V_x = -2V_x + 6 $$
$$\implies V_x = 2V  = V_{th} $$

Now you can draw your thev.eq.ckt using \$ R_{th} = 0.667A \$ and \$ V_{th} = 2V \$
Comment: Why not choose a fictitious voltage source of 0V (short circuit across A and B)? That'd make it much easier. See my solution.
Answer:

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
You should start as usually by finding \$V_{TH}\$ voltage using any technique you know.
You should start as usually by finding \$V_{THE}\$ voltage using any technique you know.
\$V_{TH} = V_X+V1 = V_X+6V\$
So all we need is ti find \$V_X\$ voltage. So we can write a KVL equation:
$$V_2-I1*R_2+2V_{AB} = 0 $$
$$V_2-I1*R_2+2(V_X+V_1) = 0 $$
$$V_2-I1*R_2+2((V_2 - I_1R2)+V_1) = 0 $$
$$I = \frac{2V_1 + 3V_2}{3R_2} $$
And the Thévenin voltage is:
$$V_{TH} = V_2 - I_1 R_2 + V_1 = V_2 - \frac{2V_1 + 3V_2}{3R_2} R_2 + V_1 = \frac{V_1}{3} = 2V $$
Next we need to find the \$R_{TH}\$ resistance using this circuit diagram.

simulate this circuit
As you can see I short A and B terminals. And I want to find this short circuit current \$I_{SC}\$
Additional notice that since we have a short across A-B terminal \$V_{TH} = 0V\$ hence \$V_X = 0A\$ So, the \$I_{SC}\$ current is:
$$I_{SC} = \frac{V_1}{R_1} = 3A$$
And the \$R_{TH}\$ resistance is
$$R_{TH} = \frac{V_{TH}}{I_{SC}} \approx 0.667 \Omega$$
And the equivalent circuit will look like this

simulate this circuit
Comment: It'd be nice if the downvoter would explain what he/she considers wrong with this answer?
Comment: Wonder why -1 ? O.o might be some personal vendetta going on.
Answer: There are several ways to find the Thevenin equivalent.
Here is one that makes it particularyly easy to solve this problem:
Find short circuit current and find open circuit voltage:
Note: you can ignore completley the left subcircuit (4V voltage source and 6\$\Omega\$ resistor) as the voltage across its terminals is completely determined by the dependent voltage source and the dependent voltage source does not depend on any quantities of that left subcircuit.
open circuit voltage (i.e. \$i_X=0\$):
\$v_{oc} = -2v_X + 2\Omega \cdot i_X + 6V = -2v_{oc} + 6V\$ → \$v_{oc}=2V\$
short circuit current (i.e. \$v_X=0\$):
\$i_{sc} = \frac{6V - v_X}{2\Omega}  = \frac{6V - 0V}{2\Omega} = 3A\$
So you get
\$v_{Th} = v_{oc}\ = 2V\$ and
\$R_{Th}=\frac{v_{oc}}{i_{sc}}=\frac{2}{3}\Omega\$


Deleting non-active users (e.g., users who didn't log in for 90 days)

Question: We use Drupal as an employee portal; as such, when new starters join the business they create an account.
However, we are trying to figure out a good leaving process; right now I get a list and have to manually delete all the users.
Ideally, we would like something which send an email to a user after 14 days and then again after 30 days informing them that they have not logged in into the system; then, after 60 days, they are automatically deleted.
I am guessing that using Rules is the answer, but I cant find any option to delete users.
Answer: Maybe this module can help: inactive user
From the module page:

After configurable periods of inactivity, one or more of the following
  actions can be automatically taken:

send an email to the user
send an email to the site administrator(s)
block the account (a warning can first be issued)
optionally notify user and/or site administrator(s) that account
  was blocked
delete the account (a warning can first be issued)
optionally notify user and/or site administrator(s)1 that account was
  deleted
Comment: Any drupal 8 of version of this module
Answer: If the Rules module doesn't have a predefined action that allows deleting a user, then you can choose the action that executes the code necessary to find the users that didn't log in the past 90 days, and deletes them.
You can create a rule that is executed when Cron maintenance tasks are performed (that is one of the events you can select when creating a rule), and add an "Execute custom PHP code" action.
$query = db_query_range("SELECT uid FROM {users} WHERE access < %d", time() - 7776000, 0, 20);

while ($uid = db_result($query)) {
  user_delete(array(), $uid);
}

return array();

The result would be something similar to the following one:

The return statement is probably not necessary, but as I understand, the Rules module is expecting the code returns an array containing something that needs to be saved; the code could return a node that needs to be saved, for example, and which will be saved if the node has been modified.
The 7776000 value I used is the number of seconds in 90 days.
This is the solution I would adopt if you are already using the Rules module. If you are going to install it just to be able to accomplish this task, then it would be better to use a custom module that implements hook_cron(), or using a module that already does the task.
Which one to choose depends from what you plan to do with the module you are going to install; if you are using few of the module's features, then a custom module is probably a better solution.
Comment: Looks really good however the inactive user module seems to cater for my requirement pretty much perfectly. Going to give that a go first.
Answer: I also use Views Bulk Operations for this. I set up a query that does what I want, and then execute the "delete user" action. Before doing that, I do a "send email" action to tell them why they're being deleted.
Answer: Been in search how to complete similar task. Found an answer @Drupal.org - if your Rules don't have 'Delete user' option then you have to install Views Bulk Operations module - it provides such operation (and lots of others :)
Of course, it can be done with custom PHP code in different ways, but this solution is useful if your site has disabled PHP input for security reasons (and you don't want to write the action by yourself).


How to resolve compilation terminated and g++ : fatal error in cpp on Ubuntu O.S

Question: I wirte the code right why does it show's me fatal error ?
I think i didn't miss anything then why my code shows me error where i didn't do anything wrong ?
And what is the meaning of fatal error why it's occurres and how solve it ?
The code is
#include <iostream>
using namespace std ;

  // Function call by reference using pointers

  //writing function for swap system

// Call by reference using pointers
void swapPointer(int* a, int* b){ //temp a b
    int temp = *a;          //4   4  5
    *a = *b;               //4   5  5
    *b = temp;            //4   5  4
}

int main(){
    int x =4, y=5;
    cout<<"The value of x is "<<x<<" and the value of y is "<<y<<endl;
    swapPointer(&x, &y);   //This will swap a and b using pointer reference
    cout<<"The value of x is "<<x<<" and the value of y is "<<y<<endl;
    return 0;
}

And the error code is

     cd "/media/sulaiman/P:/03_CPP/FULL_CPP/Fucntion in CPP/" && g++ Call_By_Value_&_Referance.cpp -o Call_By_Value_&_Referance && "/media/sulaiman/P:/03_CPP/FULL_CPP/Fucntion in CPP/"Call_By_Value_&_Referance
[1] 24291
[2] 24292
[3] 24293
g++: error: Call_By_Value_: No such file or directory
g++: fatal error: no input files
compilation terminated.
_Referance: command not found
_Referance.cpp: command not found
_Referance: command not found
[1]   Exit 1                  cd "/media/sulaiman/P:/03_CPP/FULL_CPP/Fucntion in CPP/" && g++ Call_By_Value_
[2]-  Exit 127                _Referance.cpp -o Call_By_Value_
[3]+  Exit 127                _Referance && "/media/sulaiman/P:/03_CPP/FULL_CPP/Fucntion in CPP/"Call_By_Value_

"It's also showing no input file what's it's mean by and if i need to refresh or reset my compiler than how can I do it in ubuntu?"

Comment: Post errors as text, not image.
Answer: Don't put & in file names it confuses things as that character in Unix says to put the command into the background.
Change Call_By_Value_&_Referance.cpp to Call_By_Value_And_Referance.cpp and anywhere else you have them.
Don't post images, and reformat your question correctly.


What is this flower

Question:
Blooms July-September in eastern Europe. Height up to 2.5m (8 feet), though this one is like 1 m only.
Looks like something from Heliopsis genus but not sure.
Comment: Yes, @Jurp is right, it is a mexican sunflower. I had two, grown from direct seeding into the ground (out of 10 seeds, only two succeeded). In my zone 7, it cant overwinter. Some claims it self-seeds, but it didn't happen next year at my place. You will have plenty of seeds in the autumn though, they are fairly large, a curvy ones 2-3 cm long. It was really liked by bees. Phenomenal aesthetics value, almost unreal color, pictures do not do justice. Enjoy!
Answer: That appears to be Tithonia rotundifolia, also known as Mexican Sunflower. Note the rounded petals and similar leaves to your plant on this photo. It's an annual in non-tropical areas but has naturalized in areas with warm winters. The species can reach the heights you've described, while the 'Torch' cultivar is smaller at only 1m or so in height and width. If you'd like more of this plant next year, you can save the seeds if you want: start them indoors in very early spring (under lights, if possible) - maybe 4-6 weeks before your typical last frost date -  and then plant out after the last frost in your area.

What is this flower


How to stop Safari from unzipping files after download

Question: Safari unzips .zip and .gz files after downloading. How can I stop this behavior?
Answer: In the menu bar, go Safari -> Preferences. In the "General" tab, uncheck "Open 'safe' files after downloading". This will stop Safari from automatically unzipping the files.
Comment: don't know since when it is the case, but for me and a fresh mojave installation the checkbox did not appear. i **first** had to **activate developer options** under **Advanced > Show Develop menu in menu bar**. Afterwards more options appeared on the general tab.
Comment: This is a workaround with side effect: all opening of files after download becomes disabled. A full solution without side effects given by @redochka: hold `⌥ alt` when clicking to download. See https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/115634/330523
Answer: Just hold the ⌥ alt button while clicking on the download links.
Tested on OS X Mavericks, Big Sur, Monterey. Still works in October 2022.
Comment: Still works fine in Yosemite, and is a useful "I only want to do this occasionally" option.
Comment: Still works on Big Sur (Intel)
Comment: Still works on Monterey 12.6 (ARM) as well in October 2022
Comment: Still works on Ventura 13.1 in Mach 2023
Answer: In Preferences, at the bottom of the General tab, uncheck the "Open "safe" files after downloading" check box.
Answer: Check out this article if you want to keep the "Safe Downloads" behavior but tweak it a little.
Comment: Please provide a full answer, do not just link out. This goes against Stackexchange policies.


To write the reason for exception in excel

Question: I'm using Apache POI for Excel operation.
I'm able to print what exception it is in Excel by writing a print statement in that particular catch() block.
But I also want the reason for that exception, like if there is elementNotFoundException, then it should show particular ID/xpath/...is not found.
So, if this is possible, then how to do this ?
Answer: Great, When you are able to print stack stress or particular catch block() you will get particular ID/Xpath which is not found

You just need to again add smartness using that print statement
Find all exception and accordingly you can write method as you wanted particular ID,XPATH or name
Answer: You can write following thing in your catch statement
try {
...
...
// Your code
} catch (Exception | AssertionError error) {
.....
.....
// Your code
throw error;
}

Here we are catching 2 types of exceptions Exception and AssertionError that error gets stored in error variable and we are throwing the error which was caught after all your actions are performed in catch block


SQL Server 2014 instance count

Question: What is best practice for SQL Server 2014 regarding number of instances per node? I know SQL Server 2014 added CSVs that will do away with the drive letter limitation, but what is best practice on the number of instances per node? To my knowledge, SQL Server 2008 R2 best practice was 5 per node.
Comment: Best practice is 1 instance per node, regardless of version. Instance stacking is hard to manage. I would not ever have 5 instances on one node in a production environment. Maybe in a test environment. I wouldn't even o 2 instances on a node in production.
Comment: I'm totally with @TaraKizer on this one. There are people who would disagree with us (but those people are wrong).
Answer: You've asked a subjective question, but you'll find that many of us will say that the best practice is to have only one instance per node if it's a production cluster. If you have two instances, then many of us will say you need 3 nodes: one node for instance1, one node for instance2, one node is passive and is ready to be used if either of the other two nodes go down.
Brent Ozar recently blogged about this instance stacking topic. There are benefits and drawbacks to instance stacking. One such benefit is licensing and one such drawback is performance tuning.
Disclaimer: I work for Brent Ozar Unlimited. The referenced article is from our web site and is written by my boss.
SQL Server has supported mount points since SQL Server 2005, so drive letters didn't limit the number of instances even ~12 years ago unless you got really crazy with tons of instances in a cluster.
I have never heard that there's a 5 instance per node best practice for 2008 R2. I have had 4 instances on one node in a test environment, but the databases were tiny and very little utilization. I did not have to worry about performance tuning on that server at all.
Now if you were to change your question to ask what is the maximum number of instances you should have on a node, then you might get a different answer. But that answer is going to be dependent on the hardware of the server and workload of the instances. I still say 1 instance for each node though if it's a production cluster.
Comment: Thank you for answering. I agree that it is quite subjective and there are a lot of "it depends" answers.  We are replacing 10 year old servers with Dell blades @2.9 Ghz, 24 core hyper-threaded to 48 and 256GB RAM.  We would like to possibly go virtual and are looking into that instead of staying physical.  I would also like to upgrade to 2014 from 2008r2 and possibly use CSVs for storage.  We are also going to move some of these to all flash arrays.  I inherited instance stacking on most of my servers, some having 8 to 12 instances per node, so I'm trying to make a plan to split them.
Comment: @bwilliamson, I suppose if I currently had 8-12 instances per node, I'd be ecstatic to bring that number down to 5 or under. I can't imagine what that person was thinking to setup an environment like that. Is it because of duplicate database names? If there is no duplicate names, then why not just use one instance?
Comment: I believe it has to do with limited resources and the business not wanting to spend the money on the needed hardware.  I'm still encountering that now because we put in for a budget that would do what we needed and they chopped it 75% and now we are trying to figure out how to make due with 4-6 blades instead of the much needed extra that our budget called for.   That is also why I am looking to take things virtual in our dev / test environments to change it to one instance per node / server.  You don't want to know what they think about a DR plan.  It's scary.
Comment: But hey, if they are willing to do only 15 minute transaction log backups and allow for a 15 minute data loss across the business then not much I can do.  Though I do send out an email every few months reminding them what they have so I don't get fallout when things blow up and they are missing data.  CYA

SQL Server 2014 instance count


Which out of sine and cosine do you use when calculating the moment of a force?

Question: For some reason I've never been able to get my head around when to use sine or cosine with angles. I recently thought I'd sussed it, but calculating moments about a point has got my head in a spin (pardon the pun).
I'm looking at a question with 2 ladders of equal length $2L$ leaning against each other. I'm taking moments about the base $A$ of one of the ladders, which makes an angle $ \theta $ from the ground, and we have the weight $W$ acting vertically downwards.
The perpendicular distance then between A and the line of the vertical force is surely the base of the right triangle.. which is the adjacent side to the angle $ \theta$, and therefore should be the cosine multiplied by hypotenuse, i.e $\cos \theta L $. So the moment would be $\cos \theta L W $.
But I've seen various places online using the sine of the angle in this scenario.
Would I be right to use the cosine for this perpendicular length or am I missing something?
Thanks in advance.
Comment: Things would be a lot clearer with a drawing
Answer: Yes, magnitude if torque is given by $\tau=r_{\bot}F$, where $r_{\bot}$ represents perpendicular distance between force and point about which torque is being calculated, so in this case you will use $Lcos \theta$.
Comment: Great, thanks for the confirmation.


HTTPS for EKS LoadBalancer

Question: I have LoadBalancer setup for a Deployment on EKS. I can access the app behind the classic load balancer AWS setup with the DNS name <elb id>.<aws region>.elb.amazonaws.com. I would like to add an HTTPS listener to this load balancer. The guide I have found says to create a certificate for the custom domain I am using. I don't want to use a custom domain now since the one I'm planning to use is currently being used in production. Is it possible to listen for HTTPS traffic using the elb.amazonaws.com DNS name given? AWS Certificate Manager will not let me request a certificate for the amazonaws.com domain.
Answer: You cannot get a certificate for elb.amazon.com. You have to use the certificate for the domain you own. You can get a cert from letsencrypt. Another option is to export your production certificate and key and use that on the load balancer (To avoid the browser warning you'll have to hardcode the elb IP to the prod domain name from the machine you'll test.).
Comment: Thanks for confirming. I want to test the app as an EKS pod in my staging environment first before using it in production. I think a work around would be to use a A record for a new subdomain of my custom domain.

HTTPS for EKS LoadBalancer


My GMAIL Has Been Deleted

Question: All gmails from june of 2018 have been deleted.  Everything is gone.  It was fine the last time I signed in.  How can you recover my messages.
Answer: Have you checked the trash folder in Gmail? If not, you can type in:trash in the search box and press enter.
If your emails are there, you can:

Select one or more of the emails
Right-click on any one of the selected emails
Go to 'Move to' > Inbox (or any other folder that you want)

My GMAIL Has Been Deleted


Download big imap directory to maildir

Question: I search a solution to download (for archiving) a large mail directory via imap from a mail-server and stores all mails in a local maildir. I need a robust solution, which repeatedly tries if time-outs occur. So far I have tried using regular mail clients for this. Apparently the server restricts downloads in a way which confuses the clients I have tried so far in that they eventually give up and even loose mails. I am thinking of a tool like fetchmail, but the howtos I have seen are either a bit long or don't fit exactly my needs, such as http://llg.cubic.org/docs/imapbackup.html which describes download to mbox files. It remains unclear to me whether the maildir format is supported.
Answer: Try isync which sounds like it should fit your purpose:
isync is a command line application which synchronizes mailboxes; currently Maildir and IMAP4 mailboxes are supported. New messages, message deletions and flag changes can be propagated both ways. isync is suitable for use in IMAP-disconnected mode.
Comment: Thanks. Together with https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Isync as basic configuration this seems to solve my problem.
Answer: Two other options:

offlineimap if you're using python3 make sure you get version 8.0.0 upward. Can also migrate from one gmail account to another without losing labels
getmail6

Download big imap directory to maildir


Fundamental group of $\Bbb R^3\setminus (\text{axis } z\cup \text{circle})$

Question: How can calculate the fundamental group of $\Bbb R^3\setminus (\text{axis }z \cup \text{circle})$ utilizing the Seifert-Van Kampen theorems. What opens sets I have to utilize ? I thought $A= \Bbb R^3 - (D^2 \times R)$ and other open sets?
Comment: Yes..... I edited
Comment: To get better intuition you could fit that space into a compact cube which contains the circle and the axis. For example, if the circle has radius $1$ a cube of radius $2$ would fit. Why are you allowed to do this? Both spaces are homotopy equivalent.
Comment: Then, if you cut the cube into slices, you get a cubes with $n$ lines removed.  You can compute its fundamental group easily with Seifert-Van Kampen, which will be the free group on $n$ generators. -  Using this, you can compute the fundamental group of your space using Seifert-Van Kampen again and taking care of the generators.
Answer: This can be a possible answer. Consider $A=${$(x,y) \in \Bbb R^2 | x>0 and (x,y)\neq (0,1)$} and $S^1$. Therefore $\Bbb R^3\setminus (\text{axis }z \cup \text{circle})$ can be obtained as $A\times S^1$ therefore $$\pi _1(\Bbb R^3\setminus (\text{axis }z \cup \text{circle}))= Z\times Z$$


How to view the whole KML

Question: When I load a KML in Google maps, it doesn't show all polygons, instead there are Google "next-previous" pages, each containing parts of the KML. How can I view all the information in one page?
Comment: Could you please upload  your kml file ? OR Please copy and paste your shape file (http://display-kml.appspot.com/) OR check out following link http://support.google.com/mapsengine/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=2505884 AND if possible please upload the screenshot
Answer: There are limits everywhere.
I guess it's just that. When you have more features, they are just simply split into different pages.

There is a limit on the number of KML Layers that can be displayed on
  a single Google Map. If you exceed this limit, none of your layers
  will display. The limit is based on the total length of all URLs
  passed to the KMLLayer class, and consequently will vary by
  application; on average, you should be able to load between 10 and 20
  layers without hitting the limit.

From Google KML Support

How to view the whole KML


Notifications for expiring documents in SharePoint Online (2016)?

Question: With the current SharePoint in Office 365 (as of 2017), what is the best approach to generate automatic notification emails and/or tasks based on a document's date metadata? For example, say we want to be alerted a few months before a contract stored in a document library is due to expire. Is the correct/best way to use retention policies and workflows, or is best practice now to use Flow, now that SharePoint Designer isn't being updated. Please provide a step-by-step explanation.
Comment: This kind of rather simple workflows can be done without SharePoint Designer now and in the future, so at least that shouldn't matter in the comparison between options.
Answer: There are at least two options to achieve this.

Use Information Management Policy, define retention stages.  Under
List Setting ==> Information Management Policy Setting ==> Enable
Retention and Add Retention Stage.  You can start a workflow based on the retention. If you want to define a custom date column,  you will need to add a site column.

Create Calculated Column with formula e.g. <code>=[Contract Expiry Date] - 120</code>, and create a workflow to send an email based on the status/calculated column.
Comment: Thank you. I've been looking into this first option, but one potential problem is that non-standard date metadata doesn't seem to be supported as a trigger. I suppose the second option would require use of SharePoint Designer?
Comment: What do you mean by non-standard date?  If you are talking about custom field not showing up in the dropdown, make you have a site column.
Comment: Thanks. I'll try that. Yes, a custom field, rather than one of the default, pre-defined options, like create date. The date metadata I wanted to use was a library/list column, but not defined on a site level.
Comment: Yes, it needs to be a site column.  I will update my answer
Answer: The summary of your requirement is receiving a notification couple of month before the contract expires.
Any approach you choose behind the scene it works same in your case.

There is a daily running job monitor all documents and find documents matches your condition.
If systems find any document sends a notification.

Let me define the solutions
Retention Policy
This is an out of box solution available from 2007. It solves most of the retention policies. The implementation is very easy there will be no additional maintenance efforts.
The implementation as follows

Go to your Library Settings -> Information management policy settings.
Enable Retention
Add a stage. In stage add enter number in years/months/days to meet your condition
Select your action Start a workflow. (Note: In your case, you need to create a workflow on this library to send a notification and it should be "Start workflow manually").
Save changes. It works as expected.

Refer complete example here.
Microsoft Flow
The Microsoft Flows are mainly designed to interact with the multiple applications without worrying about coding and extra maintenance. If you take your scenario you have trigger a flow every day to check the condition and send a notification. It cost a lot. The Flows requires an additional license if you trigger more than 2000 per year.
SharePoint Designer Workflow
You can achieve your scenario using site workflow which can be scheduled to run daily and send a notification when matches your condition. This process is achievable using out of the box retention policy and implementing again is a cost of development.
The summary is Retention Policy is best works for you.
Comment: Thanks. This aligns with the results of my research and testing so far. SharePoint online seems to restrict what can be done with scheduling jobs, compared to on-premises, or am I mistaken?
Comment: You cannot create scheduler jobs. The retention policy timer jobs will be managed by the system.  Is this your question? If not, can you explain further?
Comment: Yes, that answers it, thanks, and confirmed what I thought.
Comment: It looks like, in the long run, MS are pushing things in the direction of Flow, but it's clear that in this usage scenario it would be needlessly expensive.
Comment: I bet the out of the box retention feature will not go away as many application are using that.


How can I get my iPhone to automatically download podcasts I have subscribed to?

Question: I am using the standard podcast app that comes with iOS 7.  I have subscribed to about 8-9 different podcasts.  Commonly I will take my phone with me when I leave the apartment, and then when I get on the subway I will attempt to listen to a podcast.  Invariably, the podcast won't play because no cellular connection is available.  To solve this issue I have indicated through the podcast app that I would like episodes to be automatically downloaded when they become available.  However, they don't get automatically downloaded.  This absolutely infuriates me.
Comment: I may be doing this.  I'll have to make sure I leave it open for a day or two and observe the behavior.
Comment: Are you closing Podcasts via multitasking? This will stop it from running in the background.
Comment: Yes, podcasts won't refresh in the background unless the Podcasts app is actually running. You get notified of new emails even when the Mail app is not running, so I think Apple should make Podcasts work the same way.
Answer: Indeed, check the "Refresh Podcast" option and set it to every hour.
Also, set Auto-Downloads to ALL
Answer: Do you have the "Refresh Podcast" set to an appropriate interval? I.E. The frequency with which you would like it to query the podcast server for new episodes.
Comment: Yes.  It is set to refresh every hour.


JavaFX 8. Resize of SplitPane within BorderPane

Question: I have the following layout in JavaFx 8 defined via .fxml:
<BorderPane maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefHeight="730.0" prefWidth="1005.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1">
   <top>
      <Pane fx:id="statusPane" prefHeight="30.0" prefWidth="1005.0" BorderPane.alignment="CENTER" />
   </top>

      <SplitPane fx:id="mainPane" dividerPositions="0.2" prefHeight="700.0" prefWidth="1005.0"  minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" BorderPane.alignment="CENTER">
        <items>
            <ScrollPane fitToHeight="true" fitToWidth="true" hbarPolicy="ALWAYS" vbarPolicy="ALWAYS" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity">
               <content>
                  <AnchorPane fx:id="menuPane" prefHeight="700.0" prefWidth="200.0"  minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" />
               </content>
            </ScrollPane>
            <ScrollPane fitToHeight="true" fitToWidth="true" hbarPolicy="ALWAYS" vbarPolicy="ALWAYS"  minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity">
               <content>
                  <AnchorPane fx:id="formPane" prefHeight="700.0" prefWidth="800.0"  minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity"/>
               </content>
            </ScrollPane>
        </items>
      </SplitPane>

</BorderPane>

I do not understand why SplitPane cannot get smaller than 1005x700 when user is resizing BorderPane during the runtime. SplitPane can get larger than 1005x700, which is fine, but it cannot get smaller than prefHeight and prefWidth, thought the Application window itself (BorderPane) can.
Why?
Answer: OK. I found the problem!
 minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity"

generated by Scene Builder was a very bad idea!
The following code
 minHeight="0" minWidth="0"

works as expected!
So do not use -Infinity constant for the minHeight or minWidth. 0 is what you need!
Answer: The size of Layouts doesn't only depend on its size, but the size of the container(parent) / contents(children) as well
From Docs

A pane's parent will resize the pane within the pane's resizable range during layout.

The size of the SplitPane depends on its Parent. Since the Width of BorderPane is 1005.0 and Height is 730.0. The SplitPane fills the Parent(which it is supposed to)
Try removing the
prefHeight="730.0" prefWidth="1005.0"

from the BorderPane in above fxml, you can find the SplitPane will decrease in height.
Why only height? It is because
<Pane fx:id="statusPane" prefHeight="30.0" prefWidth="1005.0" ..

forces the BorderPane to not decrease it's width.
Parent has to resize itself depending on the size of its child.
In short, if you are not sure how big or small your window can be, don't specify the prefHeight or prefWidth to your layouts


which application is needed to read genesis rom files

Question: I had downloaded node.js in my ubuntu 11.10. When i had unzipped and pretend to open README.md, it prompts me that ' there is no application installed for genesis rom files. Please help me by sharing the answer.
Answer: In README.md , md stands for markdown. I have found a script which can help you to view the mark down files .
import os
import sys

MARKDOWN = 'markdown'
UPSKIRT = 'upskirt'

PROGRAM = MARKDOWN
VERBOSE = True

def main():
    update = False

    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        print "Usage: {0} <file.markdown> [-u]".format(sys.argv[0])
        sys.exit(1)
    # else
    if '-u' in sys.argv:
        update = True
        sys.argv.remove('-u')
    input_file = sys.argv[1]
    os.system("{program} {input} > /tmp/markdown.html".format(program=PROGRAM, input=input_file))
    if not update:
        os.system("chromium-browser /tmp/markdown.html &")
    if VERBOSE:
        print >>sys.stderr, "# renderer: {0}".format(PROGRAM)

#############################################################################

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

How to use this :

put it in your ~/bin directory (make sure ~/bin is in your PATH), make
  it executable (chmod u+x ~/bin/markdown.py), and call it as
  "markdown.py README.markdown". It will open the HTML output in a new
  tab. Adding the "-u" switch (update), the HTML is not opened in the
  browser.

credit goes here:  ubuntuincident.wordpress.com
Answer: So, you're asking two different questions here.
.MD is markdown, not a genesis rom file. Markdown is a text format and there's a couple answers here
For the second part, the genesis rom file, you'll need an emulator like dgen


Is it safe to update my devices?

Question: I'm using two Samsung mobiles: Samsung Young and Samsung Ace Duos. I am getting software upgrade messages. Is it safe to upgrade software and will it harm my data, contacts, messages and important details saved in phone memory? Please help me out. Do tell me the entire procedure to save my data while updating.
Answer: Usually OTA / Kies updates do not wipe your data, but they MIGHT. Try backing up with MyBackup on the Play store. There is a version for root and a version for NON rooted phones. It will back up contacts (possibly already on google), SMS, MMS etc etc, on to your SD card. To be totally sure there is no harm in copying the backup onto your PC just incase the worst happens.
If you are rooted get Titanium backup and you can backup all your apps and data just in case. It is often recommended to do a factory reset after an OS update, but personally I've never needed to do that.
And read up on what to do when updating, make sure you have your battery over 50% at the very least. Some manufacturers recommend NOT having the phone charging while updating but AFAIK that's mainly HTC's recommendation.
Answer: Just to add to RossC's excellent answer - you can do a full backup via Kies first to make sure you're safe: http://www.samsung.com/us/support/SupportOwnersFAQPopup.do?faq_id=FAQ00029017&fm_seq=29185
There have been reports of the restore failing, although it seems there is a workaround: Cannot restore Kies backup after firmware upgrade

Is it safe to update my devices?


Using cron to start a process on a terminal without using screen?

Question: I want to start a process in a terminal using cron. I want the process to start in a terminal, so that I can continuously see the output of the process on the terminal, and kill it / restart it etc. I know I can do this via screen, by using "screen -p  -X stuff ", but I've lately run into weird issues with screen freezing (Screen session freezes, output stops, but process continues running. Reclaiming screen possible?), and was wondering if there was a way to start a process via the cron in a terminal without using screen? I can create the terminal beforehand and rename it etc. by hand, in case that helps.
Comment: You can use something  like `* * * * * echo test >/dev/pts/2` where `2` is the terminal you have active. Use  `w`  to see details.
Comment: Thanks! This is nice, but the problem with this is that in case I accidentally kill the terminal, in order to start the process again, I'll have to change the cron. If there was a way this could work with terminal names, then that would be perfect. That way if I accidentally exit "term2", I can start a new terminal and simply rename it "term2".
Answer: Here is a solution which will both unlockpt() a new pty descriptor and write its ptsname() to stdout for you.
<<\C cc -xc - -o pts
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
        if(unlockpt(0)) return 2;
        char *ptsname(int fd);
        printf("%s\n",ptsname(0));
        return argc - 1;
}
C

Which just compiles a tiny little C program that attempts to call unlockpt() on its stdin and if successful prints the name of the newly created and unlocked pty to stdout or else silently returns 2.
On a linux system - given appropriate permissions (in general, these are most easily achieved by adding oneself to the tty group) - a new pty descriptor might be obtained as easily as...
exec 3<>/dev/ptmx

...to get the master-side fd in the current shell then, provided you have compiled the program above in ./...
slave=$(./pts <&3)

...will both make your new descriptor practically usable and put its device name in the value of the shell variable $slave.
Next, provided the util_linux package has been installed on your system, you can install a new setsid() process there like:
setsid -c sh 3>&- <>"$slave" >&0 2>&1

Which will launch an interactive sh process as the session leader of your pty and quit, essentially backgrounding the interactive shell.The backgrounded shell will interpret anything written to >&3 as user input. A particularly useful thing to write might look like:
echo "exec >$(tty) 2>&1" |
cat   - /dev/tty    >&3

To redirect all output from your background shell and its children to your current terminal temporarily, while simultaneously redirecting all of your keyboard input back to your background shell for so long as cat survives. The  backgrounded shell's /dev/tty is the pty in slave, though, and so the staus-quo is restored as easily as:
echo 'exec >/dev/tty 2>&1' >&3

The same kind of thing can work from cron, but you would want just script th i/o instead, of course, or to setup some pipe relay to do the juggling for you automatically.
See How do I come by this pty and what can I do with it? for more.
Comment: I was hoping there would be a simpler way, but this should work. Thanks for the detailed answer.


My Flute Notes Just Don't Sound Nice

Question: I last had guidance in playing my flute in 6th grade band class and I've been solo since. (About 7 years ago) So naturally everything I know, I gleaned off the internet. My notes are starting to sound better but there is something I'm just not sure how to fix. When changing notes, I tap my tongue to the top of my teeth to provide separation but it sounds kind of choppy. Even when I play fast and there's not much room for choppiness. I want it to sound smooth without blending the notes. Does anyone have any advice?
Comment: Probably the best advice is to see if you can afford a teacher - even one lesson could make a difference.
Comment: Todd said it- a teacher would be the best idea.  What you can try for yourself, however, is to tongue notes less forcefully.  This can be done by placing the tongue a little back from your top teeth, so it only touches the palate, not the teeth.  You can also not tap so hard- make the contact with your tongue a bit softer, as if you were saying a "D" instead of a "T". Good luck.
Answer: Starting a note with the tongue on or behind your teeth is called 'tonguing'. You can use a 'ta' syllable with the tongue touching your teeth or a 'da' syllable with the the tongue touching the roof of your mouth which gives a softer sound.
If you want to move between notes smoothly, don't tongue the second and subsequent notes and keep the air-stream moving.
Answer: I think going from a 'Te' syllable to a softer 'Du' will help.
The trouble I had when using 'Du' is that I used 'Te' as a sort of whip to create fast air to make it easier to get the second octave to sound, instead of using a good breath support. So maybe it's also a good idea when you're trying to play more smooth and tenuto to take care of your breath support. A way to practice this is playing without any tonguing at all, just using your belly. When you can do this you can add just a little bit of tongue to make the articulation.
It will also help to think of the line you're playing as one large legato line (again breath support!) that's only briefly interrupted with little tongue pulses. To accomplish this you can also practice it legato without tonguing, in one large breath, and really take care of your phrasing. When you can do that you can add tonguing.

My Flute Notes Just Don't Sound Nice


How to setup environment for Marlowe Pioneer Program? Error: creating directory '/tmp/nix-shell-1271-0': No space left on device

Question: Im participating in the Marlowe Pioneers program, I setup Nixos with IOHK Binary, then added to Marlowe repository, did cd marlowe-cardano. But when I ran Nix-shell I got an error that I had no space left on device. How much space do I need to run these? Setup is 8GB RAM, 16GB Memory. Are there ways i get better optimise to let Nix-shell work? Thanks for your help.
Comment: All Cardano development environments/tools are extremely space hungry and nix too. Don't bother setting up anything below 100 GB of free space, otherwise you will regret it later, even if it works in the beginning.
Answer: The error you are getting has nothing to do with the RAM of your environment but with the disk space.
Unfortunately, there is no other way to make Nix work rather than setting up a partition with, at least, 40 GB of free space (to be safe).
This is a screenshot of my <code>/nix/store</code> directory, where Nix keeps all its necessary modules:

You can see it has over 1M files, totalling 33.3 GB.


Generic tool for checking software prerequisites

Question: Do you know any generic tool that can be used to check custom software-hardware prerequisites on a local machine? I mean, I'd like to have a tool which I can easily configure to check if the machine has, say .NET version this and this, and if SQL server 2005 is installed, and if IIS 6 or later is installed etc. then send it to somebody and he would start the tool and immediately know if a machine meets all defined conditions.
I imagine endless plugin possibilities for such tool: checking for python, java, ruby, php, all components, app servers, database servers, etc. It could do basic checks (e.g. only find if say Python 2.5 is installed) or more advanced (if installed - check if it's configured in this and this way). It could then check for hardware prerequisites like CPU, memory, hard drives, etc.
I'm saying 'tool' but this could be some low-level C or C++ library with documented methods. It would be possible to build higher-level tools around it, use it in the installation wizards etc etc. Is there anything like this out there? Would be nice and saved a lot of effort sometimes.
Answer: I'm not quite sure it is what you need, but you might want to take a look at NSIS (it's an installer framework).
There is a number of plugins and scripts already written for it that check for such prerequisites, and even offer a way to install those with your application.


How do you get gold in kittens game?

Question: The Griffins just came by and I want to trade with them. I only need gold and 1000 Catpower, but I just need the gold. For the Catpower, I know what to do.
I just need to get a lot of warehouses and barns. So... I just need help with the gold.
Answer: From the wiki:

Production
After the Gold Ore upgrade, Smelters produce 0.001 gold per
tick in addition to 0.02 iron for each 0.05 wood and 0.1 minerals.
After the Geodesy upgrade, geologists produce 0.0008 gold per tick.
After the Mining Drill upgrade, this amount is increased by 0.0005 per
tick.
After the Unobtainium Drill upgrade, this amount is increased by
0.0005 per tick. In Iron Will mode, hunters can find gold.

How do you get gold in kittens game?


Is there an application for reading mobi files?

Question: Is there e-book reader on Ubuntu that read mobi file format?
Answer: calibre
Overview
calibre is a free and open source e-book library management application developed by users of e-books for users of e-books.
Calibre is primarily a ebook cataloging program. It manages your ebook collection for you. It is designed around the concept of the logical book, i.e. a single entry in the database that may correspond to ebooks in several formats. It also upports conversion from a dozen different ebook formats to LRF and EPUB. A graphical interface to the conversion software can be accessed easily by just clicking the "Convert E-books" button.
Supported input formats are: MOBI, AZW, LIT, PRC, EPUB, ODT, HTML, CBR, CBZ, RTF, TXT, PDF and LRS.

Starting calibre's ebook viewer as a standalone application
In certain cases you will not want to add an epub or mobi file to calibre's library before reading it. Luckily calibre's ebook viewer can be started independently via ebook-viewer. This makes it possible to create a standalone launcher:
#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Icon=calibre
Exec=ebook-viewer %f
Name=Ebook Viewer
Comment=Display .epub files and other e-reader formats
StartupWMClass=ebook-viewer
MimeType=application/x-mobipocket-ebook;application/epub+zip;

See here for more information on adding launchers to your system.

To click an ebook and open in ebook-viewer, make this application (/usr/bin/ebook-viewer) the default for that type of file.
Comment: @MHC - thanks, I have also added some info, as I had difficulties making ebook-viewer the default reader - i didn't know its name in fact. ebook-viewer is able to display more elements of the ebook than fbreader. also, latest versions can handle azw/kindle extension.
Comment: i find ebook-viewer very heavy with large files
Comment: @cipricus updated the answer
Answer: Use FBReader, which is available as 'Ebook Reader' in the Software Center (fbreader in Synaptic Manager). Less bulky than calibre.

It can open a variety of ebook types, including 'azw'.
To open ebook on single/double click, the executable file to be added is usr/bin/fbreader.
Comment: Yeah, it installs Django (a web framework) for some reason...
Comment: the fact that it installs Django web framework may be related to it being able to search network libraries. fbreader displays slightly fewer elements of an ebook (like cover) than calibre's ebook-viewer, but it is much faster and lighter. (Opening a large and complex mobi file in both these readers, the Task Manger records 377 MiB for Calibre's ebook-viewer and 39 MiB for FBReader.)
Answer: Another option is Okular.
You also need the kdegraphics-mobipocket package.
sudo apt-get install okular kdegraphics-mobipocket

Comment: This seems to be neat. Okular is the best PDF viewer out there and to reuse it for multiple purposes is good.
Comment: Sorry yes, accidentally left -s in the apt-get command. Fixed.
Comment: For me it said "Package 'kdegraphics-mobipocket' has no installation candidate"
Answer: If you install calibre, and you just want to read a mobi file, then you can use the ebook-reader application is that installed as part of the calibre package. To do this:

Right click on the mobi file and choose "Open with other application ..."
expand the arrow near the bottom that says "Use a custom command"
in the text box that appears, type "/usr/bin/ebook-viewer"
tick the box that says "Remember this application for "Mobipocket e-book" files
click on the "Open" button
Comment: Thanks, that worked for me, but it is /usr/bin/ebook-viewer (on Calibre 0.6.42 on ubuntu 10.0.4, at least)
Comment: @DarrenCook: thanks for that catch - fixed the answer
Answer: Foliate is one of the best applications for reading epub and Mobi files.

You can use your favorite method for obtaining it.
PPA
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apandada1/foliate
sudo apt update
sudo apt install foliate

Flatpak
flatpak install flathub com.github.johnfactotum.Foliate

Snap
sudo snap install foliate

.deb file
Grab the latest version from here.
Website: https://johnfactotum.github.io/foliate/
For more information:
https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/07/install-foliate-ebook-reader-on-ubuntu
Answer: In Calibre:
Click on the view button (looks like an hourglass)...
The ebook viewer will open up a separate window...
Click on the the open ebook button...
You will be given a screen that asks you what file you want to open...
Choose your .mobi file and it will open in ebook viewer.
Note: I couldn't make any other option work for me and I stumbled on this method by mistake. Soooo easy and the ebook reader is better than any other Ubuntu reader.
Comment: Couldn't follow these instructions in 12.04
Comment: You propably meant `magnifying glass`.
Answer: I recently started using csBooks and I am very happy that I don't need different book readers for different formats. this software supports PDF, EPUB, MOBI, DJVU, CBZ, CBR and even audio books.
It is elegant software that looks good and works flawlessly.
A screenshot of csBooks
You can install it as snap like this -
sudo snap install csbooks

Or download the suitable format for your OS here -
Downloadable packages for csBooks


How can I disable 4G LTE on stock samsung (SGS3) or CyanogenMod?

Question: My carrier, Sprint, has a lot of weak 4G coverage.  In areas where I only have one 4G bar, the internet doesn't work.  Every connection times out.  However, these areas often have moderate-to-strong 3G coverage.  In these situations, I would prefer to connect to the 3G network instead of the 4G one.  Is there a way to disable just the 4G connection?  I am looking for a solution in ether the stock Samsung OS shipped with the SGS3 or in CyanogenMod.
Comment: Some carriers allow you to configure this on your account, (i.e. The CLEAR network allows you to go online and set "3G Preferred - Means a connection can be established to either 3G or 4G; If both are available, 3G is used." I was not able to find this for Sprint, but that doesn't mean a call to their customer service rep couldn't help you.
Answer: You can use the code <code>*#*#4636*#*#</code> in caller app, you will find a menu called 'Testing', enter in phone information and then in 'set preferred network type' select 'WCDMA only' or 'GSM only'
Comment: I will see if this works.  Is there an alternate way that allows toggling it on and off quickly so that I can use 4G in places where the signal is better?
Comment: Try `*#2263#` and only select non-LTE items.


According to Catholicism, can study be prayer?

Question: St. Thomas Aquinas studied (and prayed) continually. It has been said that study became prayer for him.
According to Catholicism, is study a form of prayer?
Comment: @Germia then I must be a saint if it is because college is kicking my butt!
Comment: Could you clarify more what the nature is of "study"? Do you mean contemplation of spiritual things? Do you mean browsing Christianity stack exchange under the Catholicism tag? do you mean doing your physics 200 homework?
Comment: @LukeHill All of the above.
Comment: Nope, they are two different things.  We can study prayerfully or reverently, and we can glorify God through study, but the act of study and the act of prayer are two different things.
Answer: St. Thomas contrasts prayer (oratio) and study (lectio) in Summa Theologica II-II q. 188 a. 6 co.; they both fall under the genus of "works of the contemplative life":

among the works of the contemplative life, prayer is better than study.
in operibus contemplativae, potior est oratio quam lectio.

In ibid. a. 5 co., St. Thomas says "the study of letters (studium litterarum) helps" "the contemplative life"

In one way by helping directly to contemplate, namely by enlightening the intellect. For the contemplative life of which we are now speaking is directed chiefly to the consideration of divine things, as stated above (q. 180 a. 4), to which consideration man is directed by study […]
In another way the study of letters is a help to the contemplative life indirectly, by removing the obstacles to contemplation, namely the errors which in the contemplation of divine things frequently beset those who are ignorant of the scriptures.
Answer: The Catechism of the Catholic Church says a lot about prayer, interesting to read. Part IV of the CCC is entirely about prayer. But I would like to quote a line from the CCC 2559 that is a quote itself from

"Prayer is the raising of one's mind and heart to God or the
requesting of good things from God" (St. John Damascene)

I don't see why study would be excluded from this by definition.
Answer: According to Catholicism, can study be prayer?
The short answer is yes.
Especially if we pray to the Holy Spirit just before we study and thus sanctifying the very act of studying.
Pray and sanctify all things in Christ through prayer and thus make all your actions noble, holy and prayer.
The same can be true in the intimate marital relationships between spouses which as the world ways expresses it as sex.

Sex and religion are often thought to be opposed to each other and many think that the Catholic Church believes sex is "dirty," "tainted" or even "sinful."
On the contrary, the Church has always stressed the holiness of the conjugal act. St. John Paul II wrote in Familiaris Consortio, "By virtue of the mystery of the death and Resurrection of Christ, of which the spouses are made part in a new way by marriage, conjugal love is purified and made holy."
It is because of this holiness that the Church seeks to guard and protect this beautiful act between husband and wife and encourages couples to unite together according to God's plan for marriage.
One way to do this, which may seem odd or strange, is to pray as a couple before making love. This is not without precedent, as Sarah and Tobias, in the Bible's Book of Tobit, prayed together on their wedding night and were protected from a demon that was killing Sarah's previous husbands. The prayer sanctified their act and brought them closer together than they could possibly imagine.
Many couples are starting to begin this custom, including this Catholic couple, who write about the surprising spiritual benefits to this practice.
While this may not be for every couple, it may be a way for some to draw closer to God, while also uniting with their spouse, body and soul.
Below is the full prayer that Tobias prayed for himself and Sarah on their wedding night.

Blessed are you, O God of our ancestors;blessed be your name forever and ever!Let the heavens and all your creation bless you forever. You made Adam, and you made his wife Eveto be his helper and support;and from these two the human race has come.You said, 'It is not good for the man to be alone;let us make him a helper like himself.'Now, not with lust,but with fidelity I take this kinswoman as my wife.Send down your mercy on me and on her,and grant that we may grow old together.Bless us with children.Amen, amen! (Tobit 8:5-7)

Marriage, sex, and prayer: what the Scriptures say

Pray without ceasing no matter what we do!


Bash/Readline vi line editing mode doesn't work in Screen

Question: I have set -o vi in my ~/.profile, and it works fine on the regular console and under Tmux. But when I run Screen, if I press Escape or ^[, I get a visual bell, the next key I press seems to get eaten by something, and then I'm still in Insert mode in Bash. How do I tell Screen to pass the ^[ on to the shell? (Or, alternately, is there something I can do in .inputrc that will allow me to use a different key combo to enter command mode?)
Comment: `screen` doesn't read `.profile` for its subshells.
Comment: Good Lord... thank you. Now to remove my palm from my face...
Comment: Pleased to be of service!
Answer: If you switch to vi-editing mode via set -o vi in your .profile, this won't be passed into the screen's shell, because the screen's shell isn't a login shell and thus doesn't read .profile.
You need to put the following into your .inputrc
set editing-mode vi

Comment: Thank you! I'm embarrassed that the answer was so stupid. For any lurkers, I'll add that you can also set in screenrc `shell -$SHELL`, which makes screen subshells be full login shells.


Elements of the dicyclic group of order $12$

Question: I'm studying group theory and now I'm analyzing non-abelian groups of order 12. I see that the dihedral group $D_6$ can be expressed by
$$D_6=\langle a,b : a^6=1, b^2=1, aba=b\rangle =\langle 1,a,a^2,a^3,a^4,a^5, b, ba, ba^2, ba^3, ba^4, ba^5\rangle,$$
and the alternating group $A_4$ by
$$A_4=\langle 1, (123),(132),(124),(142),(134),(143),(234),(243),(12)(34),(13)(24), (14)(23)\rangle.$$
I want to know what are the elements of the dicyclic group $\text{Dic}_3$ defined as
$$\text{Dic}_3=\langle a,b : a^6=1, b^2=a^3, bab^{-1}a=1\rangle.$$
Any help would be appreciate.
Comment: Notice that the subgroup $\langle a\rangle$ is normal in ${\rm Dic}_3$, so the elements can be labelled in the same way as in $D_6$, though obviously the binary operation will be different.
Comment: In the second displayed equation you mean $A_4 = $, not $D_6  =$. Also, you ask "what are the elements" of that last group, but what do you mean?  Some people would say they just are what they are. After all, it is not essential that every element of a group isomorphic to $A_4$ has to be defined as an even permutation of 4 elements.  And you wrote out the elements of $D_6$ in an abstract way, so why are you not satisfied doing the same thing with the last group of order 12 (after you know it exists)?
Comment: I've corrected the mistake. I want to write the elements in an abstract way to find some properties easier (I'm a beginner at this so it helps me)
Answer: Just to follow on from my comment:
Notice that the subgroup $\langle a\rangle$ is normal in ${\rm Dic}_3$, so the elements can be labelled in the same way as in $D_6$, though obviously the binary operation will be different.
In fact it is relatively easy to check that ${\rm Dic}_3$ is generated by $a^2$ and $b$ and that $\langle a^2$ is a normal subgroup of order $3$, so ${\rm Dic}_3\cong C_3\rtimes C_4=\langle x,y|x^3=y^4=1,yxy^{-1}=x^{-1}\rangle$. This is similar to the description $D_{6}\cong C_6\rtimes C_2$ that makes dihedral groups perhaps a little more tangible.
I noticed this by chance, but could have found it by looking for the Sylow $3$-subgroups. This is often a good place to start when trying to understand a new finite group.
Alternatively, for very tangible elements, one may identify ${\rm Dic}_3$ with the subgroup $\langle (1,2,3),(2,3)(4,5,6,7)\rangle$ of $S_7$.
Comment: both of you are correct, if you substitute $b^2=a^3$ you go from mishu's set to Leppala's
Comment: Then, I can express the group as
$\text{Dic}_3=\{1, a^2, a^4, b, ba^2, ba^4, b^2,b^2a^2, b^2a^4, b^3, b^3a^2,b^3a^4 \}$, can't I?
Comment: @mishu Yes, that is one way of expressing the elements. Another, to my mind easier, would be $Dic_3 = \{ 1, a, a^2, a^3, a^4, a^5, b, ba, ba^2, ba^3, ba^4, ba^5 \}$.
Comment: But as the order of $b$ is $4$ and by the definition of the group, $b^2$ is not the identity and $b^2\in \text{Dic}_3$. What element of your expression corresponds to $b^2$?
Answer: [Aside: I recently made use of this group in one of my other answers]
Many groups can be represented as 3-dimensional rotation groups. For instance, any cyclic group can be understood as a group of rotations. The same is also true of the dihedral groups, where the elements of order $2$ can be understood as $180^\circ$ rotations of 3d space.
3d rotations can be represented as quaternions. Except this introduces some redundancy, as every rotation can be expressed as two quaternions: some quaternion $q$ and its negation $-q$. For example, a $0^\circ$ rotation can be expressed by the quaternions $1$ and $-1$.
Therefore if one takes a 3D rotation group, like $D_3$ (the dihedral group of order $6$), and models its elements as quaternions, one gets a group of double the order. The resulting group can be denoted $2D_3$, where $2$ denotes the doubling. The resulting group is the dicyclic group of order $12$. In fact, this is how one generates all the dicyclic groups.
By the way, as an aside, every non-abelian group of order up to $15$ can be understood either as a 3D rotation group or a quaternionic double-covering of a 3D rotation group. Some abelian groups like $C_2\times C_2$ (the Klein 4-group) can also be understood this way (in that particular case, it's a group consisting of $180^\circ$ rotations about $3$ orthogonal axes and a single identity rotation; its quaternionic double-covering is the group $Q$ which is the smallest dicyclic group).


Split the page content in two halfs but not if screen-width is lower than X

Question: So currently I'm working on a Wordpress site and I want to Split the screen in two halfs. I found a way to do so but now I have the problem that if you access it with a mobile device, the screen still gets split and it's way too small.
Is there a better way to split a page, than the way I'm using and how do I say that it goes next to eachother if the screen is wider than a usual phone screen?
I can only use html as far as I know in the site editor of Wordpress. I'm not really familiar with any html/css. There is a way to add custom CSS lines in my theme though. Not sure if that would work though.
You can look at the page here: http://rebottling.at/?page_id=18
Currently which splits my screen is:

Answer: You should take a look at media queries.
Something like this should work:
@media all and (min-width: 640px) {
    div {
        width: 100%;
    }
}


Raspberry Pi Model B Current Overdraw from 3.3V Pin

Question: I am using RPi3 ModelB V1.2 for a motor control project. I am connecting Pin1 (3.3V) for power to a micro dc motor. The current drawn by the motor is approx ~70 mA whereas the RPi sources mention that the max current drawn from the board is ~50mA. Will the motor operation just heat the board due to overdraw of the current or damage the RPi board completely?
Comment: The GPIOs are rated at 16mA per pin, 50mA per bank. YOU CAN NOT RUN A MOTOR FROM A GPIO PIN - you will destroy your RPi (and the back EMF will do that if nothing else does). Use the GPIO to switch a transistor, a H-bridge or an optocoupler and use that to control your motor.
Answer: The 50 mA limit is for the GPIO.
The 3V3 pins are not GPIO.
You can draw as much current from the 3V3 pins as is available from the power supply.  If you attempt to draw more current than is available the Pi will reboot.
Comment: Great. Thank you for the info. On that note, can I assume that all gpio on board can draw a total of ~50mA and all gpio loads must draw a sum total of only ~50mA?
Comment: @MahadevHansda The advice I have seen from raspberrypi.org is not more than 16 mA from any one GPIO and not more than 50 mA from all (54) GPIO in total.