Using time serie to predict another variable

Question: I would like to analyse head rotation data in space. For this I measured at 15HZ the rotation around the X, Y and Z angles for a little more than ten minutes. I would like to use these movements to analyse a second variable, also continuous, but with a single measurement. I have 35 participants, and if necessary I can use only one of the axes that is more informative than the others (Z axis). I have already done the classic analyses (velocity, coefficient of variation etc), but I would like to explore the possibility of training a model to predict the second variable, but all I can find is to predict a data item following the time series. Any ideas? Thanks in advance!
Comment: Please clarify your specific problem or provide additional details to highlight exactly what you need. As it's currently written, it's hard to tell exactly what you're asking.
Answer: If the second variable is a binary variable indicating whether the participant got dizzy or not, you need to consider other factors beyond the raw head rotation data to accurately predict whether the participant experienced dizziness.
One factor that can contribute to dizziness is the movement of fluid in the inner ear. To capture this, you can compute the velocity and acceleration of head movements along the X, Y, and Z axes, and analyze the frequency components of these signals. Specifically, you can look for sudden changes in acceleration or velocity, and check if they occur at frequencies that are known to be associated with inner ear disturbances.
Another factor that can contribute to dizziness is the orientation of the head relative to gravity (I don´t know if relative the the space station floor or Earth). To capture this, you can compute the orientation of the head in space, and look for changes in orientation that could result in a mismatch between the visual and vestibular systems.
In addition to these factors, you should also consider other potential contributors to dizziness, such as changes in blood pressure or heart rate, and use them to inform the features you extract and the model you build.
IF It is that what you are after... it seems to be a complex problem. It requires feature selection and to do the feature engineering you need a deep understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms.
Answer: The type of task you are describing is sometimes called time series extrinsic regression. There's not a lot of literature about, this but a paper that provides a good introduction to and evaluation of some ML algorithms is Tan et al.'s Time series extrinsic regression. [Disclaimer: I'm part of the same research group as some of the authors].
I noticed you tagged this "neural-network". In principle, any NN for time series classification can be readily adapted for extrinsic regression by simply replacing the softmax output layer with a linear layer. However, 35 instances is not a lot of data to train a neural network.


How to improve GUI and font appearance of programs installed under CrossOver?

Question: This can be done in Wine but can it be done in CrossOver?
Answer:
Enabling font smoothing is essential. It works for Wine proper, but also for Crossover, which is based on Wine.

wget http://files.polosatus.ru/winefontssmoothing_en.sh

bash winefontssmoothing_en.sh

select third option in terminal - with the arrows, then use tab key to select ok and 'enter'

This works mainly for the fonts, but I see that sometimes it affects also the graphical parts (e.g. in Office2007.)
Go to Menu - Crossover - Run a Windows command, and, after selecting the corresponding 'bottle', enter 'regedit'.

(This has to be done for each specific 'bottle' (which I guess is the equivalent of a wineprefix). Each program may have its own bottle which contains its own separate drive_c and windows folders. Customizations for a certain 'bottle' would have effect only for the programs installed in that bottle. 'Bottles' and the rest of CrossOver is installed in ~/.cxoffice.)
Navigate to and click on HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG\Software\Fonts.
Double-click on the LogPixels value.
Change the base to "Decimal" and enter your desired font size. I use 96, but the best way is  through cautious trial and error. Close the Registry Editor when you're done.

(SOURCE)

To install MSstyles/themes:
In the Main Menu - CrossOver - Manage Bottles.
To make settings for a certain program/bottle, select the bottle and then, under 'Control Panel' tab, select 'Wine configuration' and double click (or 'Launch this item').
The familiar Wine configuration window appears, and its settings can be used to improve appearance of CrossOver applications, including installation of a MSstyle/theme.

Changing other settings on the way (like the display) or installing new features may have a negative effect or may reset the changes described above: so it may be necessary to make again the setting from the first two steps if needed. (Trial and error is the way to go.) In case the fonts go blurry don't hesitate to run again in terminal bash winefontssmoothing_en.sh and select the third option as seen in the image: 'Subpixel smoothing (ClearType) RGB'.
Comment: Excellent answer! The new URL for the above file is:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jgimenez/simple-scripts/master/winefontssmoothing_en.sh and the project is at https://github.com/jgimenez/simple-scripts/blob/master/winefontssmoothing_en.sh


Start the trim video activity with an intent

Question: I can take a video with an intent now what are the details to create an intent to start the default video trimmer activity? And check if it present on the device?
Answer: This solution relies on a version of the AOSP Gallery2 package being installed on the device. You can do it like this:
// The Intent action is not yet published as a constant in the Intent class
// This one is served by the com.android.gallery3d.app.TrimVideo activity
// which relies on having the Gallery2 app or a compatible derivative installed
Intent trimVideoIntent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.TRIM");

// The key for the extra has been discovered from com.android.gallery3d.app.PhotoPage.KEY_MEDIA_ITEM_PATH
trimVideoIntent.putExtra("media-item-path", getFilePathFromVideoURI(this, videoUri));
trimVideoIntent.setData(videoUri);

// Check if the device can handle the Intent
List<ResolveInfo> list = getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(trimVideoIntent, 0);
if (null != list && list.size() > 0) {
    startActivity(trimVideoIntent); // Fires TrimVideo activity into being active
}

The method getFilePathFromVideURI is based on the answer of this question: Get filename and path from URI from mediastore
public String getFilePathFromVideoURI(Context context, Uri contentUri) {
    Cursor cursor = null;
    try {
        String[] proj = { MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA };
        cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(contentUri,  proj, null, null, null);
        int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA);
        cursor.moveToFirst();
        return cursor.getString(column_index);
    } finally {
        if (cursor != null) {
            cursor.close();
        }
    }
}

videoUri is an Uri pointing to something like this: content://media/external/video/media/43. You can gather one by issuing an ACTION_PICK Intent:
Intent pickVideoUriIntent =  new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
startActivityForResult(pickVideoUriIntent, PICK_VIDEO_REQUEST);

In onActivityResult get the uri like so:
....
case PICK_VIDEO_REQUEST:
    Uri videoUri = data.getData();
     ...

This solution works on my Galaxy Nexus with Android 4.3 Jelly Bean.
I am not sure if this is available on all Android devices.
A more reliable solution may be to fork the Gallery2 app and put the TrimVideo activity together with its dependencies into a library that can be delivered with your app.
Hope this helps anyway.
Comment: Only wish it would return back to my app after cropping and saving
Comment: hello sir ,
  when i follow your code i got Toast Message "Editing is not support for this image". i am not able to understand what is this please help me.
thank you.
Comment: @PratikSanyaja The first sentence of this answer explains that this answer requires you have a version of AOSP Gallery2 installed on the device. If you do not, you will get the message you are seeing.
Answer: Try this may it helps
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
intent.putExtra("android.intent.extra.durationLimit", 30000);
intent.putExtra("EXTRA_VIDEO_QUALITY", 0);
startActivityForResult(intent, ActivityRequests.REQUEST_TAKE_VIDEO);

This code works well on API >=2.2, but the duration limit does not work on API 2.1
Comment: I dont want to take a video I said I can do that already, I want to trim a video that exists already


Accessing the command line in OS X

Question: Do I have to be connected to a server to use the command line? I've been using MAMP to learn PHP and mysql. But I want to go outside of MAMP. Some of the tutorials I'm in send me to the terminal's command line but when I type in the code there I don't get the password prompt that's expected. I have a mac book pro 10.6.8. Any suggestions?
Comment: What do you mean by "The code"? can you give an example?
Comment: What password prompt? To log into your system?
Comment: I really wasn't sure what I was asking in this post. I had been trying to use the terminal in online mysql tutorial and when I typed in the command given I didn't get the results shown in the tut. I began to think I needed to be connected to a server to use the command line. Now because of your comments I getting some clarity on this subject. Thanks you all.
Comment: When you open a command prompt on your mac, you are already logged in. Most dangerous commands will require you to enter your admin password again before running them. If you post the tutorial you're having trouble with as a question, I'm sure someone can explain what's wrong.
Comment: Consider, you know, posting a link to the tutorial so we can try to reproduce the issue.
Answer: In Finder, go into Utilities and run Terminal. You've already logged in, so you won't be prompted for a password.
Comment: This can also be done through spotlight
Answer: You dont have to be connected to a server to use the "command line" on your Mac, but you do have to be connected to a server to run commands on the server.
Applications -> Utilities -> Terminal

That will open up the command line for your Mac, where you can log in to SSH on the server you want to run commands on.
Answer: The reason you don't get a password when you launch the Terminal app is that you are already logged in. On OS X, Terminal.app will set you up a login shell (i.e. it executes .bash_profile) but uses already authenticated user account you logged in as when you started the machine. If you want to change to another user you can use su otherusername just as on any other Unix-like system.

Accessing the command line in OS X


Where to locate power outlets on server rack?

Question: I'm building a new server room, and have to decide where I'll be locating the power outlets (120V 30AMP locking connectors) that my UPSs will be powered from. In the past I've put the outlets on the back wall, and just run the cords up and over the ladder racking on to the back of the wall. But for this new server room I can't locate the outlets on the back wall. Instead I have to locate them on the racks themselves. I'd always thought that I'd have the electrician run conduit and put the outlets on the top of the racks, but he suggested putting them on the bottom of the rack at the back right at floor level. I see the advantage of this as not having to run power cables up through my cable managers, and thus interfering with any network cable, but the disadvantage is that I'll have long coiled-up 30A power cables jutting out from the back of the racks. Any thoughts? What have you done, and would you do it differently?
Comment: To clarify: 1) Where are the long coiled-up cables coming from..  The UPSes?  2) Is there anything else around the racks?  What's he gonna put the power jacks in...  Screw a junction box somewhere?  3) Where are the power lines coming from... do you have a raised floor?
Comment: 1) coiled-up cables are from the UPSs
2) servers will plug directly into UPSs, no PDUs (yet)
3) power lines (conduit) will be coming from overhead
4) no raised floor :-(
Comment: oh, and yes these are 4 post racks..
Comment: you might find some ideas here http://www.ratemynetworkdiagram.com/toplist.php?ut=10
Answer: If you're talking about 4-post cabinets: I like vertical PDUs inside the sides of the rack. I place them half-way up the height of the rack and coil excess power cords in the side panels. Normally the UPSs are at the bottom of the rack (where they really should be), plugged into mains outlets that are either under the floor or at floor level. The UPSs feed the PDUs, and the PDUs feed the servers and other equipment.
On 2-post racks: I like rack-mounted horizontal power strips staggered throughout the rack. The same is true for the UPSs and electrical receptacles-- they're at the bottom and feed the power strips in the rack. I coil the power cords on one side of the rack in the vertical cable management (and network cables on the other size). Increasing, though, I'm using Neatpatch cable management and have less and less need for vertical cable management.
Answer: The way your question sounds, I'd get the electrician to put your outlets right at floor level roughly in the middle of the rack footprint, put the UPSes a bit above that so that you have room to coil the cords for the UPSes on the ground.  Then go with what Evan suggested and mount PDUs in the middle (vertically) of the rack.
In our case, we had a raised floor with the racks in the middle of the room and a 6-foot built-in table right next to the racks, so our electrician ran our lines in raceways along the back of the table.
Comment: Ward said pretty much what I was going to say. Your UPSes should be in the bottom of the rack anyway as they'll be the heaviest components.
Answer: If the racks are deep enough, perhaps consider "0 U" vertical PDUs mounted at the back of the cabinet.
With enough space in the back of the rack, these don't interfere too much with data cable management.
Something like this: http://pc.pcconnection.com/1/1/7992-apc-power-distribution-unit-metered-rm-0u-30a-120v-24-5-20-outlets-ap7832.html
Any amount of raised floor helps as well since the electrical conduit can come up under the rack and the PDUs (and slack cord) can be done under a floor tile but it doesn't sound like you have this option.
If none of that is an option, bottom of the rack would be preferable in my opinion to power at the top of the rack.
Answer: I'll second the vertical PDU's. We have used both and the vertical ones are a lot easier in the 4 post racks, otherwise I always have at least one power cable that is too short.
Answer: Typically the best solution to distribute the power throughout a rack is the 0-U PDU's as others have mentioned.
As for the outlets: If you have a raised floor, the outlets can be located beneath the floor panels or come in to the bottom of your rack where your UPS can connect.
If you don't have a raised floor, you can hang the outlets from the ceiling and have them come on to the top of the rack. Most UPSs I've seen come with with at least a 10' or 15' power cord, so it's not hard to run that one cable up to the top of the rack and connect it to the outlet.
Answer: My preference is definitely for vertical but I've also never used anything other than 4 post racks. I also like to get the full length ones. Horizontal outlets always seem to get in the way when you need to make changes to the rack layout, resulting in more work than was planned.


Can I use a symbol that is similar to a trademark?

Question: I don't know if I can use a symbol that is a bit similar to a trademarked symbol. For example, can I use the Alchemist symbol for philosopher's stone. It is very similar to the symbol of deathly hallows, trademark by Warner Bros. Who decides how much similarity is allowed? Also, some trademarked symbols are just a combination of some basic geometric shapes, that can be just doodled randomly without knowing. Can anything similar can be used? I am not saying copying the symbol, I just can't check the whole list to check if my symbol matches to another. Or is there any site that allows to check that by uploading the symbol?
Comment: There's no firm rule.  It's up to Warner Bros to decide that you're infringing on their trademark.   If they pursue a claim, then it would be up to the court to decide.
Comment: It also depends on what you mean by *using* the symbol.  If you're selling a product or service using the mark,  especially if if that product is similar to "Harry Potter" stuff, WB would probably take notice.
Answer: Under united-states law the question is whether the symbol is likely to be confused with the protected mark by a reasonable person such as a potential purchaser. If the is a dispute, the decision would ultimately be made by a court. Whether the contested symbol is being used on a product of a similar nature will influence the decision. That the symbol for the philosopher's stone is ancient will make it less likely to be held to be a trademark infringement, but it will depend on how it is being used.
Unlike copyright law, US trademark law does not care whether a mark is complex or original, it cares only that it is distinctive and has acquired a secondary meaning, i.e. that people understand it as referring to a particular product or maker of products (or services). If it has, and is being ":used in trade" then it is protect able as a trademark, even if it is just "a combination of some basic geometric shapes". Note that many trademarks would not be copyrightable, the standards are quite different.
Some logos are protected both under copyright law and under trademark law.
Note also that trademarks are normally specific to a type of product or business. One could set up "Apple Restaurant" without infringing on the mark of the computer company. Trademarks are also specific to a particular country -- what is protected as a trademark in the US will not be protected in Canada, or the UK, or the EU unless it separately qualifies for protection under the laws of each individual country (for the EU, a union-wide trademark is possible). Moreover, a trademark may be limited to a particular region of a country if that is the market in which it is being used, depending on the law of the particular country.
The above answer focuses on the law of the United States. The laws in other countries are similar in outline, but significantly different in detail. For one thing, in the US a trademark may be established by simply using it, although additional rights are gained by registration. However, in many countries, there is no protection without registration.
Comment: Thar kind of nominative, competitive use is clearly ok for the **name** of the competing product. But I think there are some cases that asy in the US is is not ok for the Logo when the name would suffice to identify the competitor.
Comment: A widely misunderstood aspect that deserves emphasis is that even a full registered trademark is not a prohibition on using or reproducing that mark. It is a prohibition on using the mark in a manner that conveys an endorsement or affiliation with the owner of the mark that is not in fact the case. For example, the Dell Computer Company is free to put the Apple Computer logo on its packaging in connection with a conspicuous statement of non-affiliation such as "This computer is better and cheaper than the ones sold by our competitor, Apple Computer ."


Are specific heat capacity and boiling point of a substance related or proportional to each other?

Question: That is, if the substance has a high specific heat, will it also have a high boiling point? ( and vice versa)
Comment: No. The isobaric heat capacity of water is 4.1813 $J\cdot K^{-1}\cdot g^{-1}$. For tin it is 0.227, but tin has a much higher melting point than water.
Comment: Someone in my group thought that since water has a high specific heat, i.e., it is resistant to heat changes, it would not boil as fast as other substances. Is that because boiling is affected by vapor pressure and other factors?
Answer: According to the Ehrenfest classification, during a first-order transition (such as boiling) the heat capacity $C$ goes to infinity. This makes sense, since at the transition point the temperature does not change with input of heat and $C = dQ/dT $. This and other considerations add a little complexity to the problem, as it requires you to state which heat capacity (at which T) you are talking about.
More importantly, however, the boiling point depends on the magnitude of attractive intermolecular forces compared to kT, whereas the heat capacity depends on all the available degrees of freedom (including intramolecular). Therefore you can envision large and small molecules with similar overall solution composition (for instance hydrocarbons) - and thus similar heat capacities - but very different BPs. See for instance this
table of specific heats, where C for hexane through dodecane are very similar, whereas their BPs differ quite a bit.


Can 4-pyridones be synthesised analogously to 2-pyridones?

Question: I understand that 2-pyridone derivatives can be synthesized by oxidizing an N-methyl pyridinium salt with $\ce{[Fe(CN)6]^3-}$ under basic conditions. Can a similar method be used to produce 4-pyridones ?
Answer: A reliable and old reference on the synthesis of 1-methyl-2-pyridone (Org. Synth. 1935, 15, 41, DOI) does not mention the formation of 1-methyl-4-pyridone as a side product and I doubt that it and can be formed that way.
The synthesis of 1-methyl-2-pyridone starts by reacting equimolar amounts of dry pyridine and dimethyl sulfate to form the N-methyl pyridinium salt. Then, the mixture is diluted with water and solutions of $\ce{NaOH}$ and $\ce{K3[Fe(CN)6]}$ are simultaneously added.
This seems to do the trick: the $\beta$-amino alcohol formed by adding $\ce{OH-}$ ortho to the nitrogen atom is immediately oxidized, which prevents the opening of the pyridinium salt.
For the synthesis of 1-alkyl-4-pyridones, a somewhat classical approach would be to react the corresponding 4-pyranone with a primary amine under more or less drastic conditions, as shown in Can. J. Chem., 1976, 54, 3377.
Altenatively, Grignard reaction of a 2-substituted 4-benzyloxypyridine-N-oxide, followed by debenzylation/methylation with methyl triflate and subsequent treatment with $\ce{NaOH}$ will yield the desired a 1,2,5-trisubstituted 4-pyridone (DOI).
Comment: Many thanks ! Do you know of any way to make 4-pyridone from pyridine (via n-oxides or otherwise) ?
Comment: @J.LS Do you mean the unsustituted parent 4-pyridone? I would buy its tautomer, 4-hydroxypyridine, and dissolve it in a somewhat polar solvent. In solution, the pyridone should dominate.


Should I exclude random effects from a model if they are not statistically significant?

Question: Should I include random effects in a model even if they aren't statistically significant? I have a repeated measures experimental design, in which each individual experiences three different treatments in random order. I would like to control for any effects of individual and order, but neither seem to be statistically significant in my models. Does that make it OK to exclude them, or should I still include them?
Comment: How did you deem them as "not statistically significant"? Did you bootstrap your model for example? Or do they seem as being a couple of scale of magnitude smaller than the residuals errors? Just plain old good AIC? AICc maybe? What exactly? Please provide additional information to your variable selection procedure.
Comment: I used the p-values provided automatically by the software SuperMix. I don't know how they are calculated in that program, but can look into it...
Comment: see some comments on this topic at http://glmm.wikidot.com/faq
Answer: My recommendation is to include the random effects in the model even if they are not statistically significant, on the grounds that the statistical analysis then more faithfully represents the actual study design.
This allows you to write something like this in your Statistical Methods section:

Random effects were included for individual and order to control for
  possible dependence due to repeated measures or order effects.

This will probably forestall reviewer comments about dependence assumptions or pseudo-replication.  It is just easier to do this than to "explain" why it is okay to drop those terms, even if they seem essentially useless.
Also, having those terms in the model is probably not costing you anything.  I would be surprised and suspicious if the results changed dramatically when you removed them.
Here are some considerations:
Pragmatic:
Sometimes, the distribution of the data does not allow fitting of the model to the data.  This can happen when due to cost, time or effort very few trials are collected on purpose, when the data are too sparse in some way, or when the distribution of the data turn out to be degenerate or too flat.
In this case, you may have no way to proceed other than simplifying the model, maybe dramatically.  Usually, I try to first drop the effects that are at the finest granularity, since there are usually more of them to be estimated.
In the worst case, you might wish to proceed as though the data were collected independently.  This may be better than nothing, but significance tests are going to have to be taken with a big grain of salt.   The interpretation of the results should be hedged quite a bit.
Practical:
In some situations, it might be reasonable to pool terms in order to get some information in order to proceed.  Here, I am thinking more about experimental design in ongoing research and development, rather than for publication.
Lorenzen and Anderson (1993) give "sometimes pooling" rules for the case where it would be helpful to get more precise tests of other factors in the model.

A term in the model will be declared negligible and a candidate for removal from the model and EMS column if it is insignificant at the $\alpha=0.25$ level.
A term should not be removed from the model if a higher order interaction involving that term is significant at the $0.25$ level.

Again, though, this type of rule is more for practical use and not for publication use, in my opinion.
Theoretical:
Now, it might be that in fact you get essentially "identical" results when you drop those random effects.  That is nice but you should be aware that you are now fitting two different models, and the terms might need to be interpreted differently even though they might be "the same".
What I would take from that is that the results are robust under various assumptions.  That's always a good thing.
Dropping terms can also be thought of as part of "model selection", "model building", or "model simplification".  There is a variety of methodologies out there for model selection.  While "drop the terms with insignificant $p$-values" is one such method, it does not seem to have much support theoretically in general.  I am not sure how the various methodologies fare with mixed models.
Also, depending on how you want to interpret the results from your model, you may not wish to "simplify" it.  Littell et al (2006) has a little discussion (p. 211) about narrow versus wide inference and population-wide versus subject-specific inference in a simple setting.  In your case you are probably interested in broad inference, making conclusions that pertain to the entire population rather than to just the individuals in your study.
Anyway, in your case, your study was run in a way that introduced potential for dependence based on order and individuals.  If you can accurately model the structure of your study then you should.
References:
Littell, Milliken, Stroup, Wolfinger, and Schabenberger (2006) SAS for Mixed Models. SAS.
Lorenzen and Anderson (1993) Design of Experiments:  A No-Name Approach.  Marcel Dekker, Inc.


Design challenge for a job interview

Question: The task says to identify potential user issues on a website's page and to suggest an approach to test these potential issues. They also want me to outline my process/es for addressing these issues. I don't really know what it means to "address" the issues. Any ideas?
Comment: Get comfortable with asking your stakeholders clarifying questions. Call them back and ask them what they mean by "address", because it's definitely unclear. If they don't want to answer your question, you don't want to work there.
Comment: To fix them so they aren't issues anymore.
Comment: They just want you to make clear what you think should be done to resolve the issues.
Comment: Beware of these kinds of companies that offer designers situational design challenges to keep them for their own good. Many designers fell into these situations where they got rejected after spending hours doing a design challenge.
Answer: Addressing these issues means resolving these issues.
They are asking you to detail your process and propose solutions.
Comment: As it's currently written, your answer is unclear. Please [edit] to add additional details that will help others understand how this addresses the question asked. You can find more information on how to write good answers [in the help center](/help/how-to-answer).
Answer: This looks like they would like to see your process in identifying,  tackling and proposing solutions for a website with clear issues but not telling you what they are. I suspect that this is coming from the classic client problem of they know something is wrong but they don't know what.
This is how I would approach something like this, and Im not saying that this is the right answer, I'm just speaking from my own similar experiences:

The task says to identify potential user issues on a website's page
and to suggest an approach to test these potential issues.

You're not going to understand these what 'issues' are until you have some answered questions:

What are the goals of the website page for the user and for the business?
Are there any existing issues that they know of?
Who are their core users / audience?
What do they want to learn about this page?
What questions do they want to ask users?

You could probably spot blindingly obvious usability and visual design issues based on common sense and your professional opinion. But to dig deeper in to any analysis or find deeper issues I would be asking questions for clarification and direction.
I would push for answers to your questions. If they don't want to answer them I would be asking why and pushing for them. And if they're still not budging, I would question why you're doing the task at all as any stakeholder would answer these to get the best possible solutions to problems.
It also sounds like they want to test it in some form.

They also want me to outline my process/es for addressing these
issues. I don't really know what it means to "address" the issues. Any
ideas?

This sounds like they want to you take what you learn from speaking to people and what you would do to solve any of the learnings and recommendations you find out. But I would point blank ask them to clarify and define "address the issues".
In all it sounds like they want you to find out what the issues are with the page and what your recommendations would be to fix said issues. But this is an assumption, there is nothing wrong with seeking clarity and if they don't want to give it, I would be questioning if you should be working there at all.
Like with any design task for jobs though, they all have different expectations from it. And I would ask questions as much as possible to get answers.

Design challenge for a job interview


How to copy combobox so cell link changes automatically

Question: Is it possible to copy a created combobox and paste it in another cell so
that cell link is changed too?
I do this work with Excel 2007.
Example: I have combobox in A5, cell link pointing to B5. I want to copy
the combo box to cell A4 and the cell link to point to B4.
I need to copy more than 50 comboboxes. I tried to use it when I push the commandbutton which include the macro to copy a entire row and insert all of it to the new row.
I found one answer but VBA showed "Compile error: User defined type not defined!" and "TypeOf cbo.Object Is msforms.ComboBox" is bold.
Macro I found:
Sub Test()
    Dim cbo As OLEObject

    For Each cbo In ActiveSheet.OLEObjects
        If TypeOf cbo.Object Is msforms.ComboBox Then
            cbo.LinkedCell = cbo.TopLeftCell.Offset(, 1).Address
        End If
    Next
End Sub

Answer: The original answer put me on the right track and works for the "ActiveX control".  I needed to do the same thing with a standard Excel "Form control" combobox and it's pretty similar, except it's a shape object and it needs to be selected to be manipulated.  Here's my code, which worked for me:
Sub AllocateLinkedCellsToComobBoxes()

Dim myShape As Shape

For Each myShape In ActiveSheet.Shapes
    If myShape.Type = msoFormControl Then
        If myShape.FormControlType = xlDropDown Then
            myShape.Select
            Selection.LinkedCell = Selection.TopLeftCell.Address
        End If
    End If
Next

End Sub

Answer: Reima,
If you are using controls from the "Control Toolbox" toolbar, then the following should work.  The only difference is that it's not an MSForms.Combobox.  :
Sub Test()
Dim cbo As OLEObject

For Each cbo In ActiveSheet.OLEObjects
    If TypeOf cbo.Object Is ComboBox Then
        cbo.LinkedCell = cbo.TopLeftCell.Offset(, 1).Address
    End If
Next
End Sub

If you are using a combobox from the "Forms" toolbar, then I'm not sure what the best approach is.  I'd try using the method above.


Is it safe to Provide the New company my Bank Information at the time of Induction?

Question: Currently I am on Notice period. I have found a new Job during this period. But the New company where I will Join is asking for Cancelled Cheque, Account Number, IFSC Code and Bank Name for Induction before Joining. Is it safe to provide them my Bank Information? (I am afraid they will withdraw all my money from my Account)
Comment: What geographical region are you in?
Comment: What country? In Germany, you need a bank-account, when you want to get salary/wage. It is too complicated for the companies (cause of too many different laws + tax authority) to pay salary/wage in paychecks or cash. So, it is very very rare in germany, to get paid in paychecks or cash!
Comment: What you COULD do is go talk with your bank and set up a new, unique checking account for the sole purpose of having a set of bank numbers to give them.  You then instruct the bank to watch that account very carefully.  Any activity other than a payroll deposit by the (currently prospective) employer is likely to be prima facie evidence of serious fraud.  Explain your concerns to the bank, and let them suggest ways to detect problems.
Answer: The information they are asking for is reasonable, if they are trying to set up Direct Deposit for your paycheck.  However, I've never heard of anyplace asking for that information BEFORE YOU ARE HIRED, and I've CERTAINLY never heard of a place asking for it AS A CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT.  There are still people out there who prefer to be paid with a paper check, which they deposit themselves.
If you are this nervous about the prospective employer ripping you off, your gut is trying to tell you DON'T TAKE THE JOB.
Comment: +1 Just out of curiosity, is it possible for the company (or anyone) to take money out of an account knowing such information?
Comment: From my experience the companies ask for that info after the trial period to set up the direct deposit
Comment: I've yet to see a place require direct deposit on pay and never seen a company ask for banking information prior to starting.  That's always part of the onboarding process your first week.
Comment: The question doesn't say the asked for the information before hiring or as a condition of employment. It says 'before joining', which I take to mean before the first day. I've given that info out many times before first day.
Comment: In Germany, you need a bank-account, when you want to get salary/wage. It is too complicated for the companies (cause of too many different laws + tax authority) to pay salary/wage in paychecks or cash. So, it is very very rare in germany, to get paid in paychecks or cash!
Comment: @JohnR.Strohm Before direct deposit, you had to sign each receipt and you only was allowed to receive the money in same location you have worked (by law). I've never ever heard of someone who was paid via paycheck or cash in germany in the last 40 years (even when this is theoretically possible per law. de jure it is possible, de facto it's not (cause of it's complexity))
Comment: @Ben, how did German companies do it before Direct Deposit became common?  Or did all of the different laws and tax stuff go in after Direct Deposit came in?
Answer: I keep one checking account with a zero (or a token) balance, solely as a direct-deposit account. I know when deposits are due and I move them out as soon as I can after they arrive. Your concerns are exactly why I do it. Nonetheless, I'd still want to wait until they needed a reason (i.e., to pay me).
Answer: Each and every company tends to have their own policies regarding how they collect payment information for their potential/new employees.
This information is standard for a range of companies that I know, including my current employer.
I would advise that you would be safe in providing them with such information, just not our credit/debit card details or banking login details, etc.


Logical Operators

Question: A typical curly brace programming lang has two types of AND and OR: logical and bitwise. && and || for logical ops and & and | for bitwise ops. Logical ops are more commonly used than bitwise ops, why logical ops are longer to type? Do you think they should be switched?
Comment: What is perhaps a more interesting question is why have two operators at all now?  In C#, for example, & or && will both work equally well on Boolean type arguments.  The main distinction is that && is short-circuited.  If the bool type treats & as logical and, then why have both operators?
Answer: Probably a legacy thing. Bitwise operations may not be very common nowadays, but when coding on very low level you use them all the time. So when C was deviced in the 70's or whenever it was created, bitwise OPs were probably more common than logical OPs. And since C has it that way, I take it many other languages (such as Java, indirectly from C++) followed the same convention.
Now that I've used the double notation (&& and ||) for so long, I'd only be confused if they were switched. But for completely new programmers, it would probably be a nice thing: you save a whopping 50% per logical operation! Imagine the productivity! ^^
EDIT: Provided these changed were done in a new language, of course, not in any existing languages.
Comment: Originally, C didn't have logical operations.  Boolean operations were done with bitwise.  The logical operators were added later, although still very early in the language's development.
Answer: Answering the last part of your question: Do you think they should be switched? I have to assume that because you didn't ask "if I'm creating a new language..." that means for existing languages.
NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
If this was switched in an existing language, I wouldn't even want to begin to think of the bugs that would occur... it would mean every line of every app that is ported needs to be looked at explicitly by a developer.
IF you are building a language want do get rid of && and ||, then please use completely different symbols for bitwise and don't switch them. Even still, I'd leave it alone or use difft symbols altogether for all of them. Some of us need to go between languages ;)
Answer: I think that's because processors don't have boolean values (thus, no notion of logical operations), so in early implementations bitwise operator may have been implemented before logical operators.
Answer: Bitwise op's were around before high-level languages, i.e. they are part of most CPU's basic instruction sets (as AND or OR instructions on registers or memory).  & and | just became shorthand for them in C and some other high-level languages.
There is a sequence point after the logical operators && and || (i.e., the left operand is completely evaluated before the right operand).  They are not inherently part of the CPU's instruction set.  So I think it is appropriate they have the double symbol.
Answer: All the discussion of which one came first is besides the point.  They are completely different operations.  Just because the language does not have a named Boolean does not mean the designers didn't get the concept.   '&' is for operating on bits, '&&' is for operating on true/false states ( where true is defined as non-zero).   There is a good reason that 1&2 != 1&&2.
Answer: If designing a language from scratch nowadays and without any legacy baggage to worry about then, yes, it would probably make more sense to use & and | for logical operations and && and | for bitwise operations. But trying to switch them now for existing languages would be crazy (as it would break all existing software) and it would probably be too confusing to use them for new languages since existing programmers have gotten used to their current meaning.

Logical Operators


MPD hangs on song change

Question: On my RPi 3, whenever I try to change songs with MPD, it hangs such that it's only killable with -9. I'm using the default sound setup and mpd.conf, and the built in 3.5mm jack. I've upgraded to the latest firmware. There is no log output when you try to change songs, as it hangs before it can print anything. How can I get this working? Note that after a kill9 and restart, it will play the current song.
Answer: I had the same problem on my Pi3B but could fix it by uncommenting "device" option in the "audio_output" block (in my case ALSA) in mpd.conf.
Answer: Disable "alsa" output in mpd.conf
Use "pulse" output instead.
Also, if you hear choppy noise, add the following change in /etc/pulse/default.pa
<code>load-module module-udev-detect **tsched=0**
</code>
Comment: Pulse does the same thing. Next chance I get I'll try that command

MPD hangs on song change


Thank you for your recovery wishes?

Question: I was recently sick and my friends sent me recovery "wishes" (messages wishing me a speedy recovery). Is it correct to say to them "thank you for your wishes"? And would this also apply in different contexts? (for example, when someone is wishing you good luck on a job interview, romantic affair, in a competition etc.)
Comment: Thank you for your (kind) support/words...
Comment: related: https://www.joincake.com/blog/thank-you-for-the-well-wishes/
Answer: "Thank you for your wishes" would read strangely.
"Thank you for thinking of me" or "thanks for all your kind messages" would read more naturally.
Comment: Thank you! What if someone writes an email that has a lot of unrelated stuff (for example, work issues) but also a "hope you get better soon!" and you also want to thank the person for that "wish"? Saying "thinking of me" or "kind message" would be a bit strange given the rest of the text being unrelated to it, but is there a way to single out this and say "and thanks for the |recovery-wishes|"?
Comment: "Thank you for your _good_ wishes." _Your wishes_ could refer to something that the other person wants for themself.
Answer: Referring to these messages as "recovery wishes" is technically accurate but just not what people say. In this situation it's more common to say, "Thank you for your thoughtful messages" or "Thank you for your kind thoughts." Maybe "thank you for your kind wishes". Or "nice thoughts/messages/wishes".
Comment: Thanks! So would you say "thank you for your nice wishes" could be acceptable?
Comment: @flen Yes, that would be fine.

Thank you for your recovery wishes?


Gamma vs brightness - any difference?

Question: Is there any difference between these two terms, or they describe the same thing?
Answer: They are two distinct terms - they aren't related.

Brightness is a general term for the intensity of light: how "bright" something is.  It's not a particularly technical term, but in context it could stand in for "intensity" of light, for example.  One gotcha with brightness controls is that in some contexts it could have multiple meanings.  It could refer to an multiplier for luminance values, where blacks don't change and all lightness values are scaled proportionally, or it could be additive, where changing brightness also shifts the black point up and down can crush blacks or wash out the scene if set incorrectly.

Gamma is a more technical term for describing the mathematical formula for converting a non-linear luminance value (as used in an image or video file) to or from a linear value (as used in the real world, or captured by camera sensors, etc).  This curve often approximates a logarithmic y = x^constant function, where the constant referenced here may be called the "gamma value".
A gamma curve is a graph of this function.  It's curved because the light intensity readings we store in image files is roughly logarithmically related to the actual light intensity.  The coordinates of the curve itself, or some coefficients to a function describing the curve, are contained within a colour profile (although a colour profile also contains other information such as the color primaries, white point etc).

Here is the gamma curve for the sRGB colour profile (it's shown here compared to the function y = x^2.224, a very close approximation).  sRGB is a very common colour profile - the profile used by default on the web and by the images output by default on most cameras and scanners.  Part of the sRGB colour profile is describing how raw light intensity values are converted to the values that are stored in the image file.  They follow this gamma curve.
The "curves" command in Photoshop or GIMP can be used to apply any arbitrary curve function to the luminance values in your image.  This is sometimes casually referred to as "adjusting the gamma", especially when using a standard y = x^constant function to do the transform.  Some things like the settings in your TV might have a "gamma" adjustment, the purpose of which is simply to apply such a curve to the luminance values throughout the image.
Applying such an adjustment has the effect of lightening or darkening mid-tones while keeping the black point and the white point the same.  This is often described as having the effect of "boosting shadows" if the mid-tones are boosted.
Answer: Gamma changes the difference between dark and light areas. Decreasing Gamma makes dark areas lighter and light areas darker. Increasing Gamma makes dark areas darker and light areas lighter. It's more akin to contrast than anything.
Brightness decreases the range of lightness without changing the starting dark point. So decreasing brightness simply darkens, increasing brightness simply lightens.
Comment: `Decreasing Gamma makes dark areas lighter and light areas darker.` - that's not actually true - you're describing a contrast control or applying an S-curve.  A "gamma adjustment" (a simple logarithmic/power adjustment) would lighten or darken midtones the most, and highlights/shadows proportionally less, but it wouldn't lighten part of the curve and simultaneously darken another part.
Comment: http://forum.videohelp.com/threads/320200-Gamma-vs-Contrast ..I think I got it now, tx :)
Comment: so gamma refers to the contrast of the image?
Comment: Knowing not much about the technical details just based on the fact that I play games that have implemented a gamma slider instead of a brightness slider this answer is DEAD WRONG. So why does it still have upvotes? In games when you turn gamma up the entire game gets brighter. Hunt Showdown is one example. I doubt its specific about that game and that they lie about actually doing proper gamma, also guy above me say its wrong as well. So get this out of the top answers. I do not even have the rep to downvotes, not into graphics design, just could not let this stand.
Answer: Although a bit old, this question needs a different answer.
Yes, in some contexts Brightness and Gamma are closely related.
Some programs use these terms to make adjustments to how we see an image. Here are just two examples, one is from the GPU configuration panel, and the second of simple Image editing software.

And in this context is very clear why the confusion.
Let me respond to this with some graphs and examples with simple explanations.
Curves
A curve is a graphical representation of a relationship, the current value of some set of pixels vs the new value we want those pixels to have, thus modifying the perceived result.
The simplest curve is no change at all. We have the initial values on an X axis, and we have the same value on the Y axis. The resulting graph is a straight line at 45°. (A)

As a reference, I added 4 numbered columns, 2 and 4 are simple gradients and 1 and 3 are the modification when the curve is applied.
Gamma
As @thomasrutter stated in the other answer, A gamma curve is a very specific type of curve, a logarithmic one. I will skip the technical and physiological reasons but basically is based on how our eyes perceive changes in tone vs the amount of energy used to generate that part of the image.
Note that the black and white points (marked with the dots) stay in the sample place, conserving the darkest and lightest points (black and white points).
This curve has a characteristic of aggressive change in the darker values and less aggressive in the lighter zone. The result is then more noticeable in the dark zone, the shadows of the image than in the lighter ones.

Brightness
But a simpler approach is made by a "Brightness" slider. The relationship is linear, but brightening an image lifts all values, basically converting the black into gray (D), and darkening the image turns any white also into gray (E).

So, both sliders can brighten or darken an image, but they use different curves.
My recommendation is to avoid using the "brightness" slider and use, either the gamma function or a personalized curve.
Original image https://pixabay.com/es/photos/girl-photo-shoot-beautiful-young-4723495/

Complementing:
Normally when a program has a brightness slider, it comes with a Contrast one.
They work similarly. A straight line. When you increase the contrast you make the "curve" more vertical (F), and when you reduce the contrast you make it more horizontal (G).

Two related topics: The relation between curves and levels: https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/43824/how-are-the-levels-and-curves-tools-related/131135#131135
And a comparison between gamma and a normal curve: How do levels in gimp work?

Gamma vs brightness - any difference?


Making a bootable windows 7 installation flashdrive from Fedora

Question: My main rig had Windows go down and all I have is a blank flashdrive and a netbok with fedora running on it.  I have the windows 7 iso ready to go.  I tried unetbootin, but all I got was a blank boot menu.
Comment: Did you set the boot flag for the USB drive? That could be why you don't see any boot options.
Answer: While I've used UNetbootin lots of times to create Linux LiveUSBs, I've never used it to transfer Windows setup to USB. Doesn't seem to be one of the things it's supposed to support, but maybe it has worked for some people.
Here's a slightly more lengthy process you can try, but it should work fine:

Download and install GParted if you don't have it already

Ideally, delete all existing partitions on your USB drive, then create a new partition, format as NTFS and set the boot flag from the Manage Flags dialog:

Download and install ms-sys

Enter su ms-sys -7 /dev/sdX at the terminal to write a Windows 7 MBR to your USB drive
(where 'X' is your USB drive letter)

Mount your Windows 7 ISO and copy all the files to the USB drive

Boot from the USB drive and test
Comment: does not work. used xcdroast and dvdrw instead.
Answer: You could use the Diskpart utility to format the USB flash drive to NTFS and create a primary partition. Note that you also need to make the USB bootable, in addition to copying the files, as mentioned here.
Comment: Diskpart is available on Fedora? Since when?


How to receive notifications from a host on the same Wifi network?

Question: I would like to use my Android phone to display notifications sent by other hosts (PCs) on the same Wifi network. I'm not sure what the exact term is for that notification. Is there a non programmatic solution to this ? Ideally I'm looking for something that would be called from the command line.
Answer: I don't know if there's an "easy solution" – but one way I could think of involves two apps:

an SSH Server on the device (plus a corresponding client on the PC)
tasker

Sending a notification to your device could then work as follows:

write the notification text into a text file
by means of your SSH setup, copy that file to your Android device (have a specific directory there for "incoming notifications")
on the device, have setup Tasker to watch that directory on changes. Whenever a new file arrives, Tasker should

read the new file
use its content to create a notification
delete the file

I have never set this up myself, I just know that Tasker has this capabilities (and remember having read of people using such a setup). For details on Tasker, please see our tasker tag-wiki.
Comment: That sounds ok. I'll see how well it works in practice.
Comment: Please don't forget to let us know the results then :)


how to change widget area from aside to inline?

Question: Here is my website:
http://steelpony.com/shop/shop-by-look/
The header is trying to kill me. I have tried everything in my knowledge base in the header.php, page template, style.css, index.php and function.php to get rid of most of the white space, place the shopping cart and shopping cart search widgets inline with the navigation menu and nothing is working. Here is what I want the header to look like (minus the top line - don't really care about that): http://www.shopthreedots.com/Home.aspx
I believe that the way to change the position of the widget areas is by changing the  attributes but is it to display=inline that I change it? Here is the header code:

<body <?php body_class(); ?>>

            <?php if ( ! dynamic_sidebar( 'sidebar-1' ) ) : ?>

<?php _e( 'Archives', 'twentyeleven' ); ?>

                        <?php wp_get_archives( array( 'type' => 'monthly' ) ); ?>

<?php _e( 'Meta', 'twentyeleven' ); ?>

                        <?php wp_register(); ?>

<?php wp_loginout(); ?>

                        <?php wp_meta(); ?>

            <?php endif; // end sidebar widget area ?>

Checkout

So, what do I change to

get the widget areas inline and looking like the desired ex given vs my current page reality and
How do I re divide up the header to eliminate the white space and create a logo area like in the example I gave?

Correction: changing the attributes from  to
 but I do not know if that is how to get the widget area on the same line as the navigation menu on line with those category tabs ...
Comment: correction: changing the attributes FROM  to  but i do not know if that is how to get the widget area on the same line as the navigation menu on line with those category tabs...please help me!!! Thank you
Answer: I inspected your code. Go to your CSS file. You want to edit the id main content (#maincontent) to decrease the white space. I noticed that the height of this is 956px. You should decrease this amount, which should get rid of the white space.


Plural or single with compound objects

Question: Suppose you want to say something like

There are two crates, having three and one balls respectively.

How to say this correctly?
Is it '…one balls' or 'three balls and one ball', or something else?
Comment: For one thing, I'd prefer to say "containing"
Comment: Look up "attraction errors"
Answer: As with a comment under the question, I'm not sure about the overall construction of the sentence, but I will focus on the actual question first:

There are two crates, having three balls and one ball, respectively.

That is the full version version of the sentence.

The problem you're having is how your shortening it. Regardless of actual grammar, neither of these sounds right:

✘ three and one balls
  ✘ three and one ball

There are two ways of getting around it. One is to provide the longer phrase, as you suggested. The other is to reverse the position of the numbers:

✔ There are two crates, having three balls and one ball, respectively.
  ✔ There are two crates, having one and three balls, respectively.

The formation of the second variation matches some similar situations.
Subject-Verb

✘ Your pens and notebook are out of date.
  ✔ Your notebook and pens are out of date.

Although the combined subject is plural (and, in context, is grammatical), the plural verb only sounds natural if it comes immediately after a plural subject.
Ellipsis

I am eating an apple and cherry.

That sentence is correct. But based on ellipsis, if we were to literally apply the written article to each of the items, we would get this:

✘ I am eating an apple and an cherry.

But we don't do that. Along with being able to assume the missing article in front of the second item, we also assume the correct article:

✔ I am eating an apple and a cherry.

Applying both of the above to the second variation of your sentence, the following is observed in terms of subject-verb agreement and ellipsis:

There are two crates, having one (ball) and three balls, respectively.

Finally, although that answers your actual question, I believe the sentence itself would read better if it had a different construction.
Using the second variation I mentioned to get around the problem you are having, I suggest restating it in one of these ways:

There are two crates, containing one and three balls, respectively.
  There are two crates that have one and three balls, respectively.
  There are two crates that contain one and three balls, respectively.
  (The / these / those) two crates have one and three balls, respectively.
  (The / these / those) two crates contain one and three balls, respectively.
Answer:
It makes little sense (to me at least) to say "respectively" here.  If you say "respectively" then you mean that a list of things corresponds to a previously cited list of things, in a 1:1 mapping.
Your second list of things is (1) three balls and (2) one ball. But what's your first list of things?  If you don't provide an explicit list then it makes little sense to use "respectively".  If your only description of the first list is "two crates" then that's a set, not a list -- there's no order specified, and neither crate is identified.

Yes, you'll see such sentences here and there, and they're understandable. "Respectively" is used in them just to make clear that it is not the case that each of the crates contains both three balls and one ball (e.g. different colors or whatever). But in my book "respectively" refers to order and identity, and there's no order specified in "two crates", neither of which is identified.
Identify the crates as "Crate 1" and "Crate 2" and it's a different ballgame. Then you can say something like "Crate 1 and Crate 2 contain three balls and one ball, respectively."

To solve your problem, here is a suggestion:
There are two crates, one with three balls and one with one ball.
(Other possibilities instead of "with": "holding", "containing".)

Some definitions:

Adverb: respectively  ri'spek-tiv-lee
In the order given --
"the brothers were called Felix and Max, respectively"  -- WordWeb

respectively[ri-spek-tiv-lee]
adverb

in precisely the order given; sequentially.

(of two or more things, with reference to two or more things previously mentioned) referring or applying to in a parallel or sequential way:
"Joe and Bob escorted Betty and Alice, respectively." -- Dictionary.com

respectively adverb re·spec·tive·ly | \ ri-ˈspek-tiv-lē  \

in particular : SEPARATELY
"could not recognize the solutions as salty or sour, respectively"

in the order given
"Mary and Anne were respectively 12 and 16 years old" -- Merriam-Webster

The first Merriam-Webster definition employs an unordered set: "solutions".  But its most legitimate (clearest) use is following a statement that identifies "the solutions", in order.  The first is salty, and the second is sour.
Otherwise it makes little sense, saying only that the first of two solutions is salty and the second is sour.  In that case it's clearer to say that one is salty, the other sour - there's no special order.
You can say that - you can say that you met two men; the first was tall and the second short.  I'd say that using "respectively" there is overkill, an attempt to give an impression of precision where there is none.  OK in literature, if that's the desired effect.  It kind of begs the question of which is the first one.
It's also OK to do that as a preliminary to following up with identification of the first and second. IOW, it's not a requirement that the use of an ordering ("first", "second", or "respectively") follow another ordering that it maps against; it can precede it.  But there really should be two (or more) sequences, for clarity.

To be clear, it's about clarity.  Consider this:

He met two people, Jane and John.

What does it add, in terms of meaning/clarity, to say this instead?

He met two people, Jane and John, respectively.

Nothing. It subtracts rather than adds. It reduces clarity (or at best just adds noise), because it causes us to look back, to see if in fact the "respectively" maps Jane to a particular person and John to another one. "Respectively" doesn't do that here, so we're left scratching our heads.
Use it when it makes sense. It's real aim is to point out a 1:1 mapping. Using it superfluously is "OK" -- it's certainly done. But it's generally not helpful. IMO it reflects a bad habit: people try to beef up the information content of what they say without actually adding any information. Academese - an occupational handicap.
Comment: Your suggestion in (3) is fine, but I disagree with point (1); there's no issue with a "set" instead of a "list" here.
Comment: @AzorAhai: There is if you really want to be clear. But see #2. [Google it](https://www.google.com/search?q=respectively+definition&rlz=1C1GCEA_enUS807US807&oq=respectively+definition&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i60.6031j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8). It's about mapping items in order.
Comment: Yes, but half of your own examples show the "set" usage as acceptable.
Comment: @AzorAhai: You misunderstand "acceptable". There are many utterances, even grammatical ones, that are meaningful. There is meaning in practically everything. Adding "respectively" after a non-sequence is next to meaningless, but it can give a connotation of (pseudo) precision.
Comment: I understand "acceptable" perfectly fine, thank you. Neither definition lists the "set" usage as marked, and I don't know of any dictionaries that are in the habit of listing unacceptable, infelicitous, or meaningless sentences as examples of usage.

Plural or single with compound objects


Notifications drawer or new page? Linkedin vs FB

Question: Most applications like Facebook show notifications in a notifications drawer. However, LinkedIn shows them on a new page. Why might taking the user to a whole new page be better UX than using a drawer/overlay pattern?
Answer: I think I'm in favour of using notifications in a drawer or even a small dropdown with the latest 5-10 notifications.
Why?
Having notifications on a separate page has always annoyed me at Linkedin.
As a user, I don't want to interrupt what I'm doing, go check notifications and get back to what I was doing. I can get a lot of notifications on Linkedin and I don't always check them because I need to interrupt what I'm doing.


Structure for projects and clients

Question: I have a client who has requested a WP based portfolio where they will present their projects and clients, filtered by categories and tags. They also wish to filter all projects done for a particular client. I decided to use regular posts for the projects, but I'm unsure as to what would be a good setup for clients.My idea is to have a custom post type named clients, in which the user can create clients that are then made available in a custom field select list in each post. This would make for a robust structure but it seems a bit unnecessarily to have to use a custom post type simply to achieve this. Any ideas on a more effective approach?
Answer: A custom post type for "Projects" would probably be ideal and clients becomes one of the taxonomies for the CPT.
If you feel the CPT is overkill for the desired result, you can get away with using normal posts and custom fields instead of/in addition to categories and tags to provide an extra layer of filtering.  Using custom fields is as simple as altering the loop:
<code>$posts = get_posts('numberposts=10&meta_key=client&meta_value=StackExchange');
</code>
as you need to.
Comment: Thanks for your suggestion. Will keep that in mind before I make a decision, I would however like to simplify it as much as possible and keep the projects as posts if I can.
Answer: It sounds like you need both clients and projects to have "post-like" capabilities, meaning that using a taxonomy for clients wouldn't make much sense. In this case, I would highly recommend the amazing "Posts 2 Posts" plugin by Scribu, found here: http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/posts-to-posts/
The plugin allows you to create connections between posts, and makes it trivial to query posts based on these connections.
Comment: Thanks, this looks like a great plugin. If it weren't for the fact that I'm already using a couple of plugins I would choose this option as the solution. Need to keep the number of plugins down for now though.

Structure for projects and clients


Outlook email info autofilled into Sharepoint list

Question: I want to copy email data into a SharePoint list. User will select which e-mail s/he wants to add and e-mail will be copied into a multi-line text box in sharepoint.  Also, e-mail attachments data will be copied automatically. How can I do this? Is there a way to intelligently convert and autofill email info with attachments into sharepoint? can we do this with microsoft flow and if so can someone make me a template?
Answer: From my experience you can configure a list for receiving emails, the one I have used is Announcements list template on SP 2013. Then you create a workflow that will parse the content of the email. Whit this type of implementation you will need to define a format to let your users know how they should send the information so your workflow can parse it and add it the desired fields and yet this will need validations, trim or cast. So far, I don't know any tool that does this that automatically.
Some documentation:
https://support.office.com/en-gb/article/Enable-incoming-e-mail-support-for-a-list-or-library-dcaf44a0-1d9b-451a-84c7-6c52e7db908e


Scale of graph axes

Question: When displaying experimental data on a graph, must both axes use the same number increment intervals, which would be variable with the size of the interval? Or (because a graph represents experimental data) can the scales on the two axes be different and reflect the precision of the instruments used to collect the data for each variable?
Answer:
must both axes use the same number of significant figures

Axes do not have values, let alone significant figures. If you are referring to the "ticks" indicating the scale of each axis, these do have values but they are exact, so the concept of significant figures does not apply.
Of course, if the graph has other labels that do contain experimental values, each value should be expressed with the appropriate precision.
Answer: As Brian's answer already mentions, precision is not a part of the coordinate system with its axes, labels, value ticks and spacings.
If I painted a portrait of you, it would be much less accurate than if an artist did. Even if we painted on the same canvas. It is not about the canvas. Precision and accuracy is only purely about the stuff you put on the canvas.
A coordinate system is your mathematical canvas. If you do a measurement and take into account the proper number of significant figures, then it means that you aren't sure of the exact value of digits and decimals beyonds this number of figures. You might also indicate such inaccuracy as a standard deviation or with +/- indicators or the like. They all symbolise that the actual value could be anywhere within this range.
Drawing the data value on a graph thus requires you to decide on how. You want to draw just a point, but you don't have just a point, you have a range. So what can we do? Possibly, you could draw the point in the centre of the range and then add error bars. Or you could draw a "shade" or something else creative to indicate the range "around" the centre. Possibly you skip the point altogether and only draw a shade. Possibly you skip the shade all together and only draw the point.
If you draw nothing but the point, then noone will ever know what the precision is - the axes don't tell. The canvas itself does not include any information about the picture you are painting.
Answer:
When displaying experimental data on a graph, must both axes use the same number of significant figures

Each axis indicates a measure of some physical observable. Not every observable can be measured to the same degree of accuracy. Hence it's not neccessary to indicate the same number of significant figures on the two axes.
Answer: This question is touching on different aspects to the meaning of precision in graphing values. Let's consider only one axis.
Let's put experimental data onto a graph line. In today's world, we use a computer tool (e.g. a spreadsheet program). We have no inherent concern about how best to put the data point on the graph. A value of 10.0 and a value of 9.9 will be positioned automatically by the software application. The separation between the two points in the reference frame of the computer software will be controlled by the precision (NOT accuracy) of how the software stores a value. Software that only uses integer storage will be unable to distinguish between the two values. Software that uses floating point storage will distinguish the two values to the precision of its internal storage.
Let's now try to plot that graph. The separation of the two points here is the resolution of the device. Resolution is controlled by the precision (NOT accuracy) of the plotting device. All else being equal, an old style TV screen with only 640 pixels x 480 pixels will have greater difficulty positioning the two values for distinct resolution compared with a 5k resolution monitor device.
Finally, let's try to read the graph. Clearly, the resolution that we discern is controlled first by the resolution of the device where the graph is being displayed. Let's assume a perfect (analog) display device with effectively infinite resolution. In this case, the resolution is controlled by two things. It is controlled by how well we can see (discern) resolution, e.g. how well our eyes work. Let's also assume that our eyes are perfect.
This leaves us with a core answer to the question.
In a perfect world, the precision (NOT accuracy) that we can apply when we read back a value from a point on a displayed graph is controlled by the resolution that we can obtain using the scale markings on the graph itself.
For convenience and simplicity, let's assume that the scale markings on the graph have infinite precision (NOT accuracy) in their position and that we can read those scale markings with infinite precision (NOT accuracy).
The best precision that we can report in reading a value back from any graph with tick marks (scale markings) is half of the separation of the tick marks. PERIOD. Why do I stress this with PERIOD? Because in some readings, the implication is given that we could/might/may read to 1/10th of the tick marks. We cannot. A graph with tick marks at every one unit has a precision (NOT accuracy) of $\pm 0.5$ in any value that is obtained from that graph using those tick marks. This is independent of how far separated the tick marks are located. We can only tell precisely that a person on a soccer field marked in 10 m increments has moved in $\pm 5$ increments, no better.
Can we do better? Yes, often we can. In the digital case, we may do better if we can directly read back the digital value that is being stored instead of trying to read from the graph. For example, suppose that we have a digital image with a width of 1024 pixels and we are reading along an axis marked with 5 tick marks. Suppose that we have a value located exactly at 10/3 on this axis. Our report from the graph tick marks will be for a position at $3.5 \pm 0.5$, a relative measurement (reading) precision of 14%. Our report using the digital pixels scale will be $683.0 \pm 0.5$ pixels, a relative measurement precision of 0.07%. When we have no access to the (perfect) raw digital data, we can improve the given tick mark resolution by adding our own well-calibrated tick marks to the existing tick marks. Suppose by example that you printed the digital image out on a 10cm x 10cm page. The tick marks are separated by 2cm. The relative resolution will not improve if we use them to find the value. But take a millimeter ruler and lay it along the axis. Add tick marks for the millimeter positions. Using your new scale, you can report a position along the axis of $333.0 \pm 0.5$ mm, a relative measurement precision of 0.15%.
Finally, why do I continually emphasize the phrase "NOT accuracy" in the above? Because the accuracy of a value on a graph is not established or to be addressed within the scope of your question. The accuracy of a value is established by making a comparison to the truth, not by how well we can read the value before we make that comparison. We report the precision of values that we read, not their accuracy.
In summary then, to increase the relative precision for reading a value back from a graph, rather than adding more digits to the numbers on the tick marks on the graph axis, add more tick marks along the graph axis. The presumption is that plotting devices today have more than the resolution you could ever want to support using as many tick marks as you might ever want.
Answer: I assume you are talking about the scales on graphs. A scale consists of a series of values associated with it, which placed near tick marks (ticks) on an axis.
The scale values will typically be round numbers, since round numbers are more readable, and since the ticks can be placed wherever is most convenient. (For example, you would not use values 13.6, 14.6, 15.6, you would use 13, 14, 15, 16). Adding extra zeros on the right hand side of the values (thus increasing the number of significant figures) is typically not done - the value placed at the tick is assumed to be exact. For example, you would not write 5.000, 6.000, you would simply write 5, 6.
How many significant digits are needed will depend entirely on the range of the axis relative to the value. For example, an axis running from 0 to 9 will need one significant figure to represent this. An axis running from 57.03 to 57.08 will require four significant figures.

Scale of graph axes


Will going to an university in UK be profitable for me in the future?

Question: I'm currently thinking in which country to spend my undergraduate period, UK or US. I'm going to apply for PhD program of Molecular Biology in US university after graduating from undergrad school. So, it seems better to stay in US during undergrad period to prepare for PhD program admission. But I prefer undergrad programs of UK, because of its specialized and accelerated curriculum. Is it a rational choice to go to UK just because of my preference of its curriculum?
Comment: This questions seems to me to fall under the "transitioning from undergraduate to graduate researcher" and should be considered on topic. It is asking a very relevant question about the extent to which a UK undergraduate program prepares students for a US graduate program.
Comment: @DanielE.Shub: I agree with you.
Comment: @CharlesMorisset I brought this up in chat.
Answer: Personally, I think it is to early to think about graduate school if you haven't even started undergraduate. I would go with where you want to live, and where you think you will have the most research opportunities, and where you think you will get the best grades. Most of all, I would go where you think you will be happiest in life, and not academics. It is infinitely harder to do good work, no matter what field, when you are not happy.
Comment: *"where you think you will get the best grades"* - this is ambiguously worded, I strongly disagree with one of the interpretations. You should pick an institution that is a good match academically. That is, Cambridge might not be the best choice if you will struggle, and conversely a little-known, middling-ranked university is perhaps not the best choice for a brilliant student. However, you *absolutely should not* go somewhere just because they have a reputation of liberally handing out A grades.
Comment: You are absolutely correct, thanks for adding this correction.
Comment: As an int'l student from Asia attending in a high school in the U.S., I have already undergone a huge difference of environment. Since I couldn't really feel happy in both Asia and America, I don't think anything significant will occur to me after moving to the UK. Also, I got respectable grades in spite of my boring life. But studying about things of my interest, especially about biology, has always made me happy, so I suppose I have a different taste of happiness from you.
Comment: Never too early. By the time I graduated I'd heard of Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard, so I went to Cambridge and Oxford assuming I couldn't afford the US and wouldn't get a scholarship to Harvard. If I'd had more information, I'd have gone to Berkeley or UPenn or Cornell instead, which I had never heard of. You're assuming the OP knows as much as you do.
Answer: Among some of the valid points raised by aeismail and Neo, I would also say it makes a big difference how good the university you are admitted into is. Probably Cambridge Univ. or Univ. of Chicago are fine for most Life Sciences choices, but Univ. of South Cambridgeshire or of Northwestern Illinois aren't.
You are shaping yourself as a person still; keep it simple and don't dwell on details. Go to a reputable university, built up yourself as an academic person and as you are there you will see and hear more stuff. You say "PhD in Molecular Biology" now but in 4 years time you might say "PhD in Neuroscience" (not to mention the possibility of you going off to industry with a good salary. :) )
Without wanting to put you off, as Neo said, it is a bit early to think about your grad-school at this point. Go in a good university and be the best you can, the rest will come naturally (and even if you don't end up in an US PhD programme, you might still have great fun elsewhere!)
Comment: I think you are mislead to believe that rigid barriers exist; I am not saying transitions are easy, but they definitely not uncommon. While having a first degree in your preferred area of research study is advantageous, it is not an absolute requirement. Of the top of my head I can think of a computational linguist with a English language undergrad, an economist with a Physics undergrad and a neuroscientist with a Chemistry undergrad. (Yours truly did CS in his undergrad and ended up in a Stats grad school.)
Comment: Thanks for your nice remark. I'm sure I will be accepted to reputable schools in the UK such as Imperial College London or Durham University. I think my decision of future area of study was done way earlier than normal American students, but this is a common custom outside of the US. In many European countries, there is no liberal arts requirement, so the student studies only subjects related to his major. If I will major in Biology in the UK university, it will be a bit harder for me to study things like neuroscience in grad school, since I can't take such class in undergrad.
Comment: Sorry, don't agree. I have a PhD in economics from Oxford and if I had to live another life I would 1. get information about PhDs well ahead of time, 2. go to the US, almost anywhere in the US.
Answer: Academic success is only one component needed for acceptance into graduate programs; you also need to have advisors who can comment favorably on your capabilities as a researcher. That means you should focus not only on where you can do well academically, but on where you can also get the opportunities to do research.
However, one thing which you should be aware of is that in the US, admission to PhD programs generally occur directly after the bachelor's phase. This may or may not be the case in the UK. The consequence of this is that, depending on the requirements of the (US)  school, even if you have a master's you may need to repeat some coursework or take additional classes upon enrollment in the PhD program.
Comment: I'm planning not to get MS in the UK. It is my largest concern that a difference in system between these countries will probably cause such unpredictable problems. Not many people are familiar with the undergrad research opportunity in the both countries, so I'm not sure which is better. As you mentioned, I really need such an advisor but couldn't find yet.
Comment: You get those advisors after you get to the university, not before.


LAN computers can't access my localhost website after adding SSL cert

Question: I have WAMP running on my local host. Last week, I had no SSL setup, and on Friday for a learning experience I installed my own cert with OPENSSL. The cert is working fine now and I can access my sites locally.
The problem. Last week, other users were able to access my sites when I specified their IP addresses in the C:\wamp64\bin\apache\apache2.4.23\conf\extra\httpd-vhosts.conf file. For some reason, the people who used to be able to access the sites now get an unavailable message. I have restarted the apache services any time I make a change. I have also installed the cert on the other computers trusted stores.
Is there somewhere else that I have to specify access when I am configured with an SSL cert?
Here's what my conf file looks like now.
# Virtual Hosts
#
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName localhost  #also tried ServerName myFQDN
    DocumentRoot c:/wamp64/www
    <Directory  "c:/wamp64/www/">
        Options +Indexes +Includes +FollowSymLinks +MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Require local
        Require ip 10.40.60.194 #usersname
        Allow from 10.40.60.194 #usersname  #I added this line as a trial, I didn't have it last week.
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
#

The error message:

This is the C:\wamp64\bin\apache\apache2.4.23\conf\extra\httpd-ssl.conf
#
# This is the Apache server configuration file providing SSL support.
# It contains the configuration directives to instruct the server how to
# serve pages over an https connection. For detailed information about these
# directives see <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_ssl.html>
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.
#
# Required modules: mod_log_config, mod_setenvif, mod_ssl,
#          socache_shmcb_module (for default value of SSLSessionCache)

#
# Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG):
# Configure one or more sources to seed the PRNG of the SSL library.
# The seed data should be of good random quality.
# WARNING! On some platforms /dev/random blocks if not enough entropy
# is available. This means you then cannot use the /dev/random device
# because it would lead to very long connection times (as long as
# it requires to make more entropy available). But usually those
# platforms additionally provide a /dev/urandom device which doesn't
# block. So, if available, use this one instead. Read the mod_ssl User
# Manual for more details.
#
#SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/random  512
#SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512
#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/random  512
#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512

#
# When we also provide SSL we have to listen to the
# standard HTTP port (see above) and to the HTTPS port
#
Listen 443

##
##  SSL Global Context
##
##  All SSL configuration in this context applies both to
##  the main server and all SSL-enabled virtual hosts.
##

#   SSL Cipher Suite:
#   List the ciphers that the client is permitted to negotiate,
#   and that httpd will negotiate as the client of a proxied server.
#   See the OpenSSL documentation for a complete list of ciphers, and
#   ensure these follow appropriate best practices for this deployment.
#   httpd 2.2.30, 2.4.13 and later force-disable aNULL, eNULL and EXP ciphers,
#   while OpenSSL disabled these by default in 0.9.8zf/1.0.0r/1.0.1m/1.0.2a.
SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!MD5:!RC4
SSLProxyCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!MD5:!RC4

#  By the end of 2016, only TLSv1.2 ciphers should remain in use.
#  Older ciphers should be disallowed as soon as possible, while the
#  kRSA ciphers do not offer forward secrecy.  These changes inhibit
#  older clients (such as IE6 SP2 or IE8 on Windows XP, or other legacy
#  non-browser tooling) from successfully connecting.
#
#  To restrict mod_ssl to use only TLSv1.2 ciphers, and disable
#  those protocols which do not support forward secrecy, replace
#  the SSLCipherSuite and SSLProxyCipherSuite directives above with
#  the following two directives, as soon as practical.
# SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!SSLv3:!kRSA
# SSLProxyCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!SSLv3:!kRSA

#   User agents such as web browsers are not configured for the user's
#   own preference of either security or performance, therefore this
#   must be the prerogative of the web server administrator who manages
#   cpu load versus confidentiality, so enforce the server's cipher order.
SSLHonorCipherOrder on

#   SSL Protocol support:
#   List the protocol versions which clients are allowed to connect with.
#   Disable SSLv3 by default (cf. RFC 7525 3.1.1).  TLSv1 (1.0) should be
#   disabled as quickly as practical.  By the end of 2016, only the TLSv1.2
#   protocol or later should remain in use.
SSLProtocol all -SSLv3
SSLProxyProtocol all -SSLv3

#   Pass Phrase Dialog:
#   Configure the pass phrase gathering process.
#   The filtering dialog program (`builtin' is an internal
#   terminal dialog) has to provide the pass phrase on stdout.
#SSLPassPhraseDialog  builtin

#   Inter-Process Session Cache:
#   Configure the SSL Session Cache: First the mechanism
#   to use and second the expiring timeout (in seconds).
#SSLSessionCache         "dbm:c:/Apache24/logs/ssl_scache"
SSLSessionCache        "shmcb:c:/Apache24/logs/ssl_scache(512000)"
SSLSessionCacheTimeout  300

#   OCSP Stapling (requires OpenSSL 0.9.8h or later)
#
#   This feature is disabled by default and requires at least
#   the two directives SSLUseStapling and SSLStaplingCache.
#   Refer to the documentation on OCSP Stapling in the SSL/TLS
#   How-To for more information.
#
#   Enable stapling for all SSL-enabled servers:
#SSLUseStapling On

#   Define a relatively small cache for OCSP Stapling using
#   the same mechanism that is used for the SSL session cache
#   above.  If stapling is used with more than a few certificates,
#   the size may need to be increased.  (AH01929 will be logged.)
#SSLStaplingCache "shmcb:c:/Apache24/logs/ssl_stapling(32768)"

#   Seconds before valid OCSP responses are expired from the cache
#SSLStaplingStandardCacheTimeout 3600

#   Seconds before invalid OCSP responses are expired from the cache
#SSLStaplingErrorCacheTimeout 600

##
## SSL Virtual Host Context
##

<VirtualHost _default_:443>

#   General setup for the virtual host
#   DocumentRoot "c:/Apache24/htdocs"
DocumentRoot "C:\wamp64\www"
ServerName www.example.com:443
ServerAdmin firstname.lastname@example.com
#ErrorLog "c:/Apache24/logs/error.log"
ErrorLog "C:/wamp64/bin/apache/apache2.4.23/logs/sslerror_log"
#TransferLog "c:/Apache24/logs/access.log"
TransferLog "C:/wamp64/bin/apache/apache2.4.23/logs/sslaccess_log"

#   SSL Engine Switch:
#   Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.
SSLEngine on

#   Server Certificate:
#   Point SSLCertificateFile at a PEM encoded certificate.  If
#   the certificate is encrypted, then you will be prompted for a
#   pass phrase.  Note that a kill -HUP will prompt again.  Keep
#   in mind that if you have both an RSA and a DSA certificate you
#   can configure both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA
#   ciphers, etc.)
#   Some ECC cipher suites (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4492.txt)
#   require an ECC certificate which can also be configured in
#   parallel.
#SSLCertificateFile "c:/Apache24/conf/server.crt"
#SSLCertificateFile "c:/Apache24/conf/server-dsa.crt"
#SSLCertificateFile "c:/Apache24/conf/server-ecc.crt"
SSLCertificateFile "C:\wamp64\bin\apache\apache2.4.23\conf\ssl.crt\server.crt"

#   Server Private Key:
#   If the key is not combined with the certificate, use this
#   directive to point at the key file.  Keep in mind that if
#   you've both a RSA and a DSA private key you can configure
#   both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA ciphers, etc.)
#   ECC keys, when in use, can also be configured in parallel
#SSLCertificateKeyFile "c:/Apache24/conf/server.key"
#SSLCertificateKeyFile "c:/Apache24/conf/server-dsa.key"
#SSLCertificateKeyFile "c:/Apache24/conf/server-ecc.key"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "C:\wamp64\bin\apache\apache2.4.23\conf\ssl.key\server.key"

#   Server Certificate Chain:
#   Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the
#   concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the
#   certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively
#   the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile
#   when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server
#   certificate for convenience.
#SSLCertificateChainFile "c:/Apache24/conf/server-ca.crt"

#   Certificate Authority (CA):
#   Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA
#   certificates for client authentication or alternatively one
#   huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)
#   Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks
#         to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
#         Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
#SSLCACertificatePath "c:/Apache24/conf/ssl.crt"
#SSLCACertificateFile "c:/Apache24/conf/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt"

#   Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL):
#   Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client
#   authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all
#   of them (file must be PEM encoded).
#   The CRL checking mode needs to be configured explicitly
#   through SSLCARevocationCheck (defaults to "none" otherwise).
#   Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks
#         to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
#         Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
#SSLCARevocationPath "c:/Apache24/conf/ssl.crl"
#SSLCARevocationFile "c:/Apache24/conf/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl"
#SSLCARevocationCheck chain

#   Client Authentication (Type):
#   Client certificate verification type and depth.  Types are
#   none, optional, require and optional_no_ca.  Depth is a
#   number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate
#   issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.
#SSLVerifyClient require
#SSLVerifyDepth  10

#   TLS-SRP mutual authentication:
#   Enable TLS-SRP and set the path to the OpenSSL SRP verifier
#   file (containing login information for SRP user accounts).
#   Requires OpenSSL 1.0.1 or newer. See the mod_ssl FAQ for
#   detailed instructions on creating this file. Example:
#   "openssl srp -srpvfile c:/Apache24/conf/passwd.srpv -add username"
#SSLSRPVerifierFile "c:/Apache24/conf/passwd.srpv"

#   Access Control:
#   With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based
#   on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server
#   variable checks and other lookup directives.  The syntax is a
#   mixture between C and Perl.  See the mod_ssl documentation
#   for more details.
#<Location />
#SSLRequire (    %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \
#            and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \
#            and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \
#            and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \
#            and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20       ) \
#           or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/
#</Location>

#   SSL Engine Options:
#   Set various options for the SSL engine.
#   o FakeBasicAuth:
#     Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation.  This means that
#     the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control.  The
#     user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.
#     Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user
#     file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.
#   o ExportCertData:
#     This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and
#     SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the
#     server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client
#     authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates
#     into CGI scripts.
#   o StdEnvVars:
#     This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.
#     Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,
#     because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually
#     useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the
#     exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.
#   o StrictRequire:
#     This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even
#     under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied
#     and no other module can change it.
#   o OptRenegotiate:
#     This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL
#     directives are used in per-directory context.
#SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>
<Directory "c:/Apache24/cgi-bin">
    SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    AllowOverride All
    Order allow,deny
    allow from all
    Allow from 10.40.60.140 #ccseopv1 for testing
</Directory>

#   SSL Protocol Adjustments:
#   The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown
#   approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for
#   the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown
#   approach you can use one of the following variables:
#   o ssl-unclean-shutdown:
#     This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no
#     SSL close notify alert is sent or allowed to be received.  This violates
#     the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use
#     this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where
#     mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.
#   o ssl-accurate-shutdown:
#     This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a
#     SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify
#     alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in
#     practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use
#     this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation
#     works correctly.
#   Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP
#   keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable
#   keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.
#   Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround
#   their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and
#   "force-response-1.0" for this.
BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-5]" \
         nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
         downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0

#   Per-Server Logging:
#   The home of a custom SSL log file. Use this when you want a
#   compact non-error SSL logfile on a virtual host basis.
CustomLog "C:\wamp64\bin\apache\apache2.4.23\logs\ssl_request.log" \
          "%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"

</VirtualHost>

Comment: It says `ServerName localhost`. Is it supposed to be default virtual host? What happens when they connect, apart from not working?
Comment: Are you _really_ certain this is a connection issue? I would expect the browsers to refuse to connect, unless users add an exception, since the SSL certificate has to be considered invalid for your setup.
Comment: Updated to include the error message. I also tried changing my `ServerName localhost` to be `ServerName [my computer FQDN]` that the other users would enter and it didn't change anything.
Comment: @arkascha I added the cert to the other computer's trusted stores if that's what you mean.
Comment: Please add the configuration of the ssl based virtual host.
Comment: Where's that located?
Answer: You'd need to see the error logs to be sure but 403 Forbidden typically means that you haven't granted access to the client's IP address. In Apache it's as simple as adding this to the virtual host:
Require ip 10.40.60.194

... and, yes, you already show such line, but not in any SSL-enabled host, only in a non-encrypted virtual host:
<VirtualHost *:80>
# 80 is the default HTTP port (HTTPS default port is 443)
# and, of course, no SSLEngine on here
    Require ip 10.40.60.194
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost _default_:443>
    SSLEngine on
</VirtualHost>

The key point is that HTTP and HTTPS host are entirely different hosts.
Comment: Thank you. Is this something I have to do from scratch, or is there likely a template in my WAMP configuration somewhere? If so, do you know what file that is?
Comment: WAMP creators know nothing about what projects you're working on. Just take your existing virtual hosts and create a copy for ``. But I suspect you don't even have virtual hosts and just have everything in a single web site. Then type  `Require ip 10.40.60.194` inside ``.