Unable to open SQL Server Config Mgr, get a WMI error

Question: I got a WMI error from SQL Server Configuration Manager after I ran sp_dropserver and sp_addserver commands.
Various posts suggested I run the mofcomp command.  I did this, and got the following errors.  I did run it using administrator privileges, and we are on SQL Server 2008 R2, so "100" should be correct.
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Shared>mofcomp sqlmgmproviderxpsp2up.mof
Microsoft (R) MOF Compiler Version 6.2.9200.16398
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corp. 1997-2006. All rights reserved.
Parsing MOF file: sqlmgmproviderxpsp2up.mof
MOF file has been successfully parsed
Storing data in the repository...
An error occurred while opening the namespace for object 1 defined on lines 4 - 7:
Error Number: 0x80070422, Facility: Win32
Description: The service cannot be started, either because it is disabled or because it has no enabled devices associated with it.
Compiler returned error 0x80070422
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Shared>
Any assistance is much appreciated. I am stumped as to what to do next. The instance is up, but I cannot stop or restart it even from SSMS (options greyed out).
History of what happened, more details and error message as suggested.
SA "cloned" the entire box A to new box B (not actual names, of course).
I was on box B and needed to change name of instance from A to B so
that developers could connect to a "new" instance (B).  Remember, this
is a clone of A, so the instance name was A even though I was on
the physical box B.  Using SSMS, I connected to the database using name
A, because that is what I saw as the server name in the connection box.
OOPS!  I was actually connected to instance A on box A, not B, but
I did not know that at this time. I ran dropserver A, addserver B
and then restarted instance (remember, I am on box B).  The change
did not appear (I now know why, the change happened on box A!).
Discovering my mistake, I go to box A and see that the instance name
is now B (output of sp_helpserver).  I run dropserver B, then addserver
A to "fix" it (put it back to A), then I tried to run SQL Config Manager
(as administrator) to "enable" the rename. That is when I get this error:
Cannot connect to WMI provider.  You do not have permission or the
server is unreachable. The service cannot be started because it is
disabled or because it has no enabled devices attached to it.
Error 0x80070422.
I tried to fix this using the mofcomp command I mentioned in original
post.  The error I got from that seems to match the error above when
I run Config Manager.
When I now run sp_helpserver on A, I still see instance name as B.  However,
the SSMS connection box shows instance name as A, and it cannot connect
to instance B (not found).  The output of SELECT @@SERVERNAME AS 'Server Name';
is instance name A.  So, there is a discrepancy between what @@SERVERNAME
shows and what sp_helpserver shows.
Answer: I found the issue. The WMI service had been disabled (hence the error message). I used the properties menu (running as admin) from the services list, and put this service on auto start and then started it. Config Mgr came up.


How to get even lighting when using flash for group photos near wall?

Question: I'm having trouble getting nice even lighting when using my speedlight on my camera. I photographed a formal recently in a hall with high yellowish ceilings. I pointed the speedlight directly upwards at the ceiling to diffuse the light. However in many of my photos, especially those near walls, the light would be very bright near the top and dim near the bottom. What could I do to avoid this?
Answer: You need to think about the direction of the light when you bounce.
Bouncing isn't just about pointing the flash up, or up and forward. It's about picking the direction of your light.  If you're bouncing, you have to stop thinking of the flash as your light source, and think of the reflecting surface your flash is pointed at as your light source. In other words, point the head of the flash at where you'd put a softbox in a studio.  In this specific case, you put the light in the ceiling, straight over your head, more or less pointing downwards.
If you want the light to come from the front more, you need to bounce behind you. But there may not be a reflective surface (wall) there.  So, choosing where in the room you do this, and how the room is shaped / how far away the walls/ceiling are all key.  The higher the ceiling, the less liable you'll be able to bounce, because light, like all forms of electromagnetic energy, falls off according to inverse square. (1/x2). Double the distance, you quarter the light; triple it, and you've down to one-ninth.  There are reasons to still use a high ISO setting, even if you use a flash.
You may need to set up a reflector or reflective surface, or rearrange where the group is standing, so you can use a bounce surface. Or. Consider taking that flash off camera, and remotely triggering it somehow (most commonly, with a radio transmitter/receiver).
See also: Neil van Nierkerk's Tangents website. He's got a ton of information on bouncing an on-camera flash.
Answer: In addition to the light falloff across the frame, there are some light-dark bands, possibly caused by flickering artificial lights?
Options to consider:

Reduce shutter speed or use sync settings on camera to eliminate banding.
Use diffuser in addition to bouce.
Use the bounce card on your flash.
Change the angle of bounce. (See inkista's answer.)
Try bouncing off nearby walls.
Bounce off a reflector, held by assistant or stand.
Umbrellas and soft boxes?
Off camera flash (See Hueco's answer.)

The problem should be fairly easy to fix with post processing.

Create layer with black to white gradient matching the change in light levels.  You can even grab, expand, blur, invert, and desaturate a section of the wall. Using a portion of the wall will help reduce the appearance of the bands. You will need to clone out the logos.
Find an appropriate layer blending mode. (I used overlay.)
Change opacity to taste. (I used 35%.)
Touch up with dodge and burn. (I skipped this, so banding is still visible.)

There are more complicated methods, but the basic idea of using layer blending modes is the same.
Answer: In addition to what xiota suggests, you need to consider how the inverse square law applies here (What is the inverse-square law, and how does it apply to lighting for photography?).
If you were forced to only bounce the light off the ceiling, then to even out the exposure from top to bottom, you'd need to increase the total distance the light has to travel so that the difference between light path to top and light path to bottom are ratios that are closer together. This is often hard to control, as you can't adjust the ceiling height and often have little working room for which to move back - and the solution of decoupling the flash from the camera to move it further behind you, for example, actually opens the door to better lighting methods.
If you can get the flash off the camera - this would be the most ideal as you have more control over where the strobe sits relative to the subject and any sort of modifiers you want to use to soften the light.
If you cannot decouple the flash from the camera, then your next best option is to direct some of the light forward so that it can fill in where the main light path has started to fall-off. This is done by extending the bounce card up (if your flash has one), adding a home-made bounce card, or using a light modifier that throws the light in all directions (something like a Magmod of Fonger)
Comment: Thought I'd typed about the bounce card, but guess forgot.
Answer:
I pointed the speedlight directly upwards

Nop. The example image you are posting has different problems than the one described. Let me explore.

You have a harsh shadow clearly showing behind the guys' heads (red circles)
You have a clear gradient, this means you have a clear object producing an obstacle from your light to your scene. (Purple lines)
One interesting thing is that you still have a harsh shadow on the bottom part of the photo (green ovals)

Let's forget for now about the red and green circles and focus on that gradient.
It is clear to me that you are not really pointing the flash upwards, but only partially.

So, the main flash is still hitting the scene, (red zone) and the rest is illuminated by the bounced part.
This idea is reinforced now by the shadows on the red circles.
There is a chance you pulled the small bounce card some flashes have, this would explain the shadows on the purple circles.

If you are going to bounce the light, please avoid hitting your subjects with direct light coming from the flash.

Yes, you can pull now the small bounce flag of your flash. This will probably have a similar effect, depending on how wide is your lens, but will be a lot less noticeable because the power of the light coming from that little bounced zone is very small.


How do I download a file or photo that was sent to my Telegram bot?

Question: I am using the telegram bot API but I cant see anyway to download a filé that was sent to my bot. I get a hash of the file but dont know what to do with it. Is there any way? Thanks.
Answer: This is now available!
https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#getfile
Hooray! It was added on Sep 18th (2015):
https://core.telegram.org/bots/api
Usage:
In the JSON of the message you will receive a file_id as before. An example of a message object with a voice file:
{
  message_id: 2675,
  from: {
    id: 10000001,
    first_name: 'john',
    username: 'john'
  },
  chat: {
    id: 10000001,
    first_name: 'john',
    username: 'john'
  },
  date: 1442848171,
  voice: {
    duration: 2,
    mime_type: 'audio/ogg',
    file_id: 'AwADBAADYwADO1wlBuF1ogMa7HnMAg',  //  <------- file_id
    file_size: 17746
  }
}

Via the API's getFile you can now get the required path information for the file:
https://api.telegram.org/bot<bot_token>/getFile?file_id=the_file_id

This will return an object with file_id, file_size and file_path. You can then use the file_path to download the file:
https://api.telegram.org/file/bot<token>/<file_path>

Note that this link will only be available for an hour. After an hour you can request another link. This means that if you want to host the file somehow and you rather avoid checking and re-checking for fresh links every time you serve it you might be better off downloading the file to your own hosting service.
The maximum size of a file obtained through this method is 20MB.
Error: Obtained when a file large than 20mb is used.(Shown below)
{"ok":false,"error_code":400,"description":"Bad Request: file is too big[size:1556925644]"}

From telegram's docs:

On success, a File object is returned. The file can then be downloaded via the link https://api.telegram.org/file/bot/<file_path>, where <file_path> is taken from the response. It is guaranteed that the link will be valid for at least 1 hour. When the link expires, a new one can be requested by calling getFile again.For the moment, bots can download files of up to 20MB in size.
Comment: Just to clarify, the getFile API call must include a `?file_id=the_file_id` in the GET query string.
Comment: for what it's worth, the telegram docs on this are not very helpful. The helpful bits here are "https://api.telegram.org/bot/getFile?file_id=the_file_id" and  "https://api.telegram.org/file/bot/"
Comment: When i use /getFile i can't get file_path some time
for example when file is ogg file_path is define and file downloaded properly but when file is mp3 filr_path not defined, and just return file_id and file_size!
Comment: Thank You, your answer helped me a lot.
Answer:
Yay! It's just added at September 18, 2015
You can use getFile(file_id). This function returns a File object containing file_path. You can download the file through this address:
https://api.telegram.org/file/bot<token>/<file_path>
As mentioned in Telegram Bot API Documentation, the File object will be valid for about one hour. You should call getFile again to get a new File object if the old one expires.
Comment: What is the format of the getFile endpoint? I've tried /getFile, /getFile?file_id=xxx, getFile(xxx) and they haven't worked.
Answer: If you are using pyTelegramBotAPI you can download your photo using this code:
raw = message.photo[2].file_id
path = raw+".jpg"
file_info = bot.get_file(raw)
downloaded_file = bot.download_file(file_info.file_path)
with open(path,'wb') as new_file:
    new_file.write(downloaded_file)

Comment: photo[2] there are 4 version of photo exist there. if i want to download smaller size [0] zero index is mine? what about php sample code?
Answer: The method to work with files is not available yet.
Source: telegram on twitter
https://twitter.com/telegram/status/614468951926509568
Answer: If you have the file_id then you need to use the sendDocument or sendPhoto methods, if you want to send to yourself, you need to tell your bot your user id or your chat id (the same in one-to-one chat).
Comment: OP is asking about receiving, not sending. Forward or re-sending the file to yourself just leaves you with the same problem.
Comment: If the bot send the file to me then I can download from the conversation with the bot to the my phone or my computer (from telegram itself). According to your comment Arthur wants to receive the message in the bot and then the bot download the image or file to the server (where de bot is running)?
Comment: I see now what you meant. But yeah, normally you'd want to have the bot download the file automatically and process it in some way. That's the point of having a bot after all.
Answer: Also, pay attention, that Telegram api (by webhook) provides thumbs prop, for images and gifs it will provide thumbnail of file. To get source file, you need to check root object file_id.


onunload isn't fired when browser closing

Question: Having troubles with onunload, onbeforeunload. I need to execute some code when user navigates away from the page, or browser is closed. onunload works for navigation away, but doesn't work when browser closes. I can't use onbeforeunload, since I inject the script into existing website, and it has confirmation upon leaving, so onbeforeunload is fired before user is asked if he wants to leave, so I can't rely on it.
What should I do?
Comment: Questions without code are hard to answer, show what you've tried
Comment: i need it for both FF and chrome. What I did is just adding onunload event to window.
`code`
window.onunload = function() {alert("123")}
`code`

onunload isn't fired, at least not in FF, when you close your browser.
Answer: onbeforeunload would be the event that you would need to use to perform any action before the page closes. If you can tap into that confirmation box then you can fire your function when they confirm the page closure.
Your next best chance is to poll the session serve-side to detect when the user has left the page.
Comment: incorrect, `onbeforeunload` is the event you use when you need to have a chance to stop the unloading. `onunload` is for when you need to do something that won't stop the unloading.
Comment: Actually it looks I can't exactly catch the result of user's choice when browser is asking if you want to stay on the page. Any idea how to do it?


How can I make an overbearing government's unwelcome attention convincing without it dominating screen time?

Question: My players are newly awakened mages (Mage: the Ascension 2nd edition) living in a near future in a metropolis in the European Union which is developing into a surveillance and military state union—a transition which is directed by the Technocracy. As the story developed they were involved in several crimes but had alibis good enough to not be arrested in the first place.
Now the story is evolving and I am not sure how to portray the behavior of this complex society. The players have begun asking themselves (and me) if they have to expect formal prosecution, they already have been talking to a lawyer, etc. They have in-game jobs to do, with vacations and family and all—the game has a pretty dense atmosphere and we all prefer to play as much real life stuff as possible.
But I neither want to lose myself (and them) in bureaucracy and legal stuff (which most of us do not really know in real life) nor do I want to give the impression that the suspicions by the police, etc., are meaningless. I.e., I want bureaucracy and legal stuff but I want it to happen in a way that is a) persuasively harassing but b) doesn't take too much attention within the game play (there are other plots which I prefer to be in focus). How can I deal with these contrary goals?
Comment: I will mention that Shadowrun, while vastly different from Mage, deals with a lot of the same problems you are facing. I would recommend reading the basic manual for any edition, if you can.
Answer: The Government has no time for small fries like you
Technocracy appears to be a monolithic Big Brother, spying on everyone at all times, but the truth is that their goals can leave even the best among them strained. Even the most oppressive governments are loath to devote precious resources (people, equipment, processor time) to small threats. In fact, such a government would rather apply pressure by threatening the well-being of a dissident (withhold important documents, make it hard to find a job, have a person known as an anarchist) rather than actually doing something drastic (investigations, summons, lawsuits, arrests).
The most oppressive way to threaten is to keep someone in the dark. The System has to be impenetrable and capable of anything. Your players seem to misunderstand and think that the System will play by the rules. It will not - it makes the rules instead. Laws, police force and courts are for regular criminals, who need to be stopped. Your characters however are more than that - they are dissidents, stark enemies of the System. A smart System operative would exploit their situation in three ways.
There are things you want from the government
Like a passport maybe, a place at a public kindergarten, driving license. Or maybe you'd like the police to properly assist you when you're mugged by "random" criminals? Or actual, dependable healthcare, without risks of complications? Or maybe sick pay or a pension? There is a lot of stuff that the government actually provides (at least in the EU) and your PCs will need those from time to time. Actual bureaucracy, delays, not being taken seriously. Hardly anything will demoralise a person more than reporting an assault (or other crime) and hearing "Are you sure you didn't provoke them? I mean, look at you. Who goes out that late anyway?". And then the case gets closed under "perpetrators unidentifiable" bull.
You have something to lose
As you said, there are families, posessions, freedoms. These can be taken away or better yet, threatened to be taken away. Democratic societes take a lot of stuff for granted - right to work, right to travel, right to gather. Imagine that a PC want to go to Spain for vacations, but every time he passes the border he is labeled for extra checks that make him miss the flight. PC's family can go, but not the PC. Maybe the boss will one day approach him and say that there are redundancies and sorry but he has to go. Don't do that to the players just yet! Mention that a friendly NPC has those troubles and make the NPC no longer willing to help.
There are things you want to hide
You said the characters committed some crimes. Lucky for them! They get to walk scot-free. Maybe a routine hearing that goes terribly, maybe a day in the jail, but afterwards, with no explanation they hear they're free to go. Let those accumulate, it's perfect blackmail material. When they go against the government in a serious way, a skilled operative will give send them a court summon. This can of course go away, but if and only if the characters cease all unwanted activity. And if they turn their contacts in, they might even get rewarded...
Usually, a single government operative would control about twenty cases at any given time, with many more than that being monitored. These people are often masters of coercion and can achieve compliance in a number of cost-effective ways. If the target is showing no signs of improvement, they would start building a net of contacts, helpers, snitches and spies around that person. In the end, however, it's control what they want, not termination. Especially Technocracy is much more fond of reprogramming and repurposing Mages into their ranks, either by invitation or by force than terminating them outright - that's considered inefficient.
In Mage Ascension such people would be known as Men In Black. They would indeed concern themselves mostly with Reality Deviants (Mages) and other undesirables (vampires, weres...) Now, what I wrote is what happens before they catch on that PCs are Awakened. What they do after is a topic for a different question.

The above is written partly from experience, partly from real life. IF you would like to know more about specific techniques, read up on the Secret Police in the Eastern Bloc and how they operated during the Cold War. It's a plethora of information and exactly what you need for evoking a totalitarian, oppressive state spewing propaganda, by showing it's dirty underbelly.
Comment: If the PC's are taking in-game vacations, in addition to "randomly" being sent to 'enhanced' screening, maybe they return home to find their residence ransacked, property damaged, and a prominently placed card stating "This domicile has been searched pursuant to Civil Code S1220.127.116.11.  If you have any concerns, please contact us at "?  And maybe that happens on the one time when they're _not_ forced to miss their flight due to security-related harassment, implying that they were deliberately granted free passage to enable the search.
Comment: Wonderful. I just wanted to add that such oppressive and unfair environment can be extremely frustrating to players (as it would be to their characters), so I would say "let them win sometimes".
Answer: The political and legal proceedings in a surveillance/military state are often quite opaque in real life. You can use that as your cue to build a framework that is oppressive and capricious.
Think of the legal system as merely the justification for paramilitary surveillance and interrogations. The characters notice unmarked vehicles and suspicious people watching them. If they hunt for signs, they'll determine that their communications are being monitored. Friends and contacts get taken in and asked questions about the activities of the PCs.
The authorities aren't after the PCs for specific crimes. Instead they're slowly assembling a net around them because they have labeled the characters as persons of interest. Over time the net tightens, and the surveillance becomes more obvious. A confidant gets thrown in the slammer for five years on a trumped up charge. Street contacts go quiet because the word is that the PCs are being targeted by the secret police. The PCs have to plan everything more carefully, lest they trigger the closing of the net.
If they trigger the closing of the net, they are brought before an extra-judicial hearing. These affairs are swift and likely to end badly for the characters, but from a game perspective they move the story along more rapidly. For example, if they are captured, sentenced, and transferred somewhere for incarceration, they need to escape and clear their names.
Answer: Have them continually fined for minor infractions and examined for potential crimes.
One of the ways that a government can harass someone without appearing to overstep their bounds is by enforcing minor laws. Their car gets tickets for parking an inch too far from the curb. They get fined for littering for dropping crumbs on the ground at lunch. Their taxes always get audited and they always get pulled over for "random searches."
Since Ascension uses a simple Resources system, you don't need to track these; just make them part of the background noise. Tickets on their car, emails letting them know their account has been debited. Assume that the characters automatically pay their fines and the searches come up with nothing; the government is trying to inconvenience, not actually find a real transgression.
Have the lawyer they're talking to assure them that they're safe regarding prosecution, but that there's nothing she can do about the minor harassment, and just to put up with it.
And when they do do things that the police would really care about, make distracting or avoiding the police an obstacle they always have to deal with. The characters know they're being watched and the government wants them to know, so discard the uncertainty altogether. TV shows often have a recurring conflict where the protagonist must shake their police tail in a different way each time; draw inspiration from that.
Comment: Police harassment is a highly effective technique of oppression, and it was my first reaction to this question as well. If the PCs are safe from prosecution for their major violations, the local authorities will likely resent them for it, forming a natural motive to pursue the PCs on any grounds that are feasible.
Answer: Bureaucracy is Dense and Impenetrable
For the same reason why you can't effectively roleplay the vast swaths of bureaucracy, the party is not privy to that experience as well. Unless you wish for specific evidence of the inner workings to be available to the party, such as for an infiltration story arc, they will be outsiders, unable to penetrate the copious amounts of paperwork thrown around.
The Law in a Fictional Government
Your choice of country created a very useful situation, where you do not need to abide by an actual set of laws. This is a unique country with a unique government that very well may have an entirely different system for trying criminals. In a controlling state such as you described, it is entirely likely that preliminary rulings are normal; by this, I mean your characters can be found guilty before being arrested and then have to prove their innocence. This might seem like a rather fictitious premise, but it is actually a middle ground between real legal systems and actual examples of authoritative governments like the USSR.
If you ever wish to bring courtroom drama into play, you can use this to simplify everything. The prosecution has already assembled this list of damning evidence, obtained by witnesses or forensics. No need to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses, and it immediately places the Mages in the cross-hairs. Even if the party proves their innocence, let them know through their attorney that double jeopardy exists in this form of government, so the party never knows if they are at risk of being tried again.
Tailing: Increasing the Party's Paranoia
In order to remind the party of their situation, have them be visibly tailed by a G-man. Now, there also might be several more covert ones, but they don't generate the wonderful paranoia critical to this kind of government. This way, the party is constantly aware of the surveillance upon them and learn that they are always being watched.
Results
By having the party be brought before a trial (for a different crime, presumably) and having to defend their innocence, you set up the expectation that the party will not necessarily have warning if they are considered suspects. By the constant tailing, the party will be keenly aware of the surveillance they are under, as well as giving the Storyteller ammunition for the case. Finally, the mountains of red tape will actually help you avoid real complications with the paperwork; for great realism, assemble one form, a request to submit other forms, that requires a large variety of dangerous information. The party will likely be hesitant to pursue that method if they have to write down their names, job information, family members, ID number, photo identification, photos of all family members, etc. And to top it all off, have falsification of information be a severe felony. Suddenly, the impenetrable bureaucracy will stay that way.
Answer: Just let everything in the lawyer's hands. Say the Lawyer will take care of everything (you can include bribing or blackmailing if it is necessary and your players/characters are willing to).
He can be your voice to remind them of the danger of attract too much attention, so they try to do their stuff without kill everyone in plain sight and you don't need to mess with more bureaucracy. Just draw a bit(like 2%) of their resources for their lawyer(s) and even you can increase the pay if they keep in the outlaw way (to bribes, assesinations, etc), so you are being realistic and still keeping the focus in your story.


magnetostrictive effect due to earth's magnetic field

Question: is there any magnetic field sensor,which produces stress or strain as output,when that sensor is sensing earth's magnetic field on the surface of earth(0.25 gauss to 0.65 gauss)?or any material/composite which produces magnetostrictive effect (stress or strain) for magnetic field strength of 0.25 gauss to 0.65 gauss?
Comment: It sounds like a very hard proposition to measure magnetostrictive for fields that small. Sensitive magnetometers are usually using other effects to achieve high sensitivity (which extends far below the Gauss range).
Answer: A common magnetostrictive composite is the amorphous alloy $Fe_{81}Si_{3.5}B_{13.5}C_{2}$ also known as Metglas . Its saturation-magnetostriction constant, λ, is about 20 microstrains and a magnetic-anisotropy field strength, $H_{A}$, of less than 1 kA/m .
The earth's magnetic field corresponds to about $\frac{1}{2}$ A/m. So this magnetic field will produce very minute(or almost no) strain that will be hard to detect in the first place and not sensitive enough to measure the Earth's magnetic field precisely. As of now magnetostrictive materials are not senstive enough for measuring earth's magnetic field.
Information about Magnetometers that use other effects to measure the field can be seen here


texture sky doesnt work in blender 2.8 (Eevee render)

Question: when i want make sky and sun i just use sky texture but with new render everything convert white, like this.

so can i fix it? or can i do another way to make sky and sun(with new render)
and sorry if i not speak English very well.
Answer: I just checked and it is not supported in EEVEE (yet?) according to the official documentation. https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/dev/render/eevee/materials/nodes_support.html


Can we explain English in the native language of the asker?

Question: We know that English is not the native language of the asker. But, at the same time, I wonder how helpful it would be to explain English concepts in English. Understanding English with English words requires some advanced English knowledge. For people who are less than advanced in English, we may request them to add their native language, and we may explain the concept in the native language of the speaker.
Comment: You might add a sample question to better define your concept. But I think any foreign language portion of a question needs to be supplemental to an English explanation of the same content. The question itself needs to be in English to the best of the OP's ability. But all answers and comments need to be in English.
Comment: That's why explanations need to be as simple as possible and not use all sorts of convoluted language. On the other hand, this site is really monolingual, though, for beginners what you suggest can be helpful.
Answer: It's a tempting idea, but it wouldn't work at all.
First, how are we going to get enough native speakers of various languages that also speak English well to answer questions? Even the major ones, like Hindi, would have a lot of trouble, since most of the top answerers don't know those languages. Indeed, quite a few of them don't know any language but English. Cutting the answering pool down to 1/5 its size is bad enough, but 1/20 or 1/100 is much worse.
Second, how are we going to get enough good voters to determine which answers are good and bad? We have some trouble as it is getting enough voting on most posts, so turning a post that might, today, get +4 votes into one that none of those four upvoters can understand is not progress. Without score-based sorting, there's little value to Stack Exchange that a forum couldn't provide.
Third, posts in another language can't be effectively moderated. This is actually really bad, since a lot of low-quality answers, especially, would lie around without enough voters to notice their problems and do something. What do you do when someone posts "thanks, that answer really helped me!" in a language spoken by only two users that have access to low-quality post review to delete it? (The potential for spam to pop up and stick around a lot longer is also quite painful.)
Fourth, the earlier stages of language learning don't benefit nearly as much from the type of help Q&A posts can provide. That's where textbooks, individual tutoring, audio samples, and so forth are much more helpful.
For comparison, consider Stack Overflow, which gets somewhere around 1500 times as much activity as ELL. SO has had to move very slowly in its internationalization efforts, starting up sites one by one for specific languages that have a lot of experienced and active users. To be fair, a lot of the extra scale that SO has is taken up by the enormous tag fragmentation among different computer languages and environments. Even so, we would need to do the same thing, which means effectively writing up a proposal on Area 51 for "ELL for beginning Hindi speakers" (or whatever) and then working through the whole process of getting that launched. That's a very ambitious project, but it might conceivably work.
Just opening the floodgates and allowing anyone to use their native language to ask about English, all on the same site? That wouldn't.
Comment: Well, I meant the native language of the speaker is ***optional***. A person may post the answer in simple English and, if possible, in the native language of the speaker.
Comment: What I mean is, the ESL speaker can post the question in English. The answerer will write in English, plainly and directly. Double negatives can be difficult to interpret, for example. As supplementary material, the bilingual answerer adds material in the ESL speaker's native language.
Comment: @DoubleU I would suggest explaining in simple words (in English), trying to give easy examples. I sometimes make the effort, with varying degrees of success.
Comment: Any easy example is: How are you? In English, which in French is: How are you going? The problem is that you can explain it like that to English speakers but it won't help them actually learn: Comment allez-vous? :)


Display/Retrieve all columns from a data extension

Question: I just want to create a replica of my data extension on a web page where my team can see the status of each subscriber. I've tried achieving this from this documentation but it's just pulling only one column.
Comment: Depending how many subscribers you have this might be a completely bad idea. If you pull 1 Million Subscriber into a Page which is assessible to the public it is not a good idea (even though nobody would visit this page because search robots won't search for it). And... this page would be very very long and very laggy.
Comment: @mdabdulateeq can you paste your code here, co we can have a look?
Comment: @JohannesSchapdick, it's not a million of records just for a few like 600 records where we are capturing the responses through an SMS so that the business can see their responses easily without getting into Marketing Cloud. Also, it's just for internal use without PII data.
Answer: Agreed with the comment from Johannes Schapdick above:
Apply this with extreme caution.
This is NOT a performant solution, it will lag or time out with bigger amounts of data. Also, a public page that exposes your PII like emails might not be a good idea either. Logins are there for a reason.
Still, sometimes this approach can help and serve as a starting point.
The following concepts are applied:
Build a Retrieve using a filter that applies to all records.
This only works if you can filter for a field that all records have in common:
So, build a field like field "include" with a defaultValue of 1 in the DE. This common "hack" enables you to retrieve "all records", with the following limitation:
You have to loop the retrieves as one iteration only gives you 2500 records, which you can circumvent using ContinueRequest / moredataavailable.
I am sure this works with leaner code (WSProxy) as well, but this "old school" code has served me well:
<code><script type="javascript" runat="server">
Platform.Load("Core", "1")

// get records from Data Extensions
var dataExtensionName = "myDE";
var fieldToReturn = "Email";
// a)  you can add more variable + fields here

var rr = Platform.Function.CreateObject("RetrieveRequest");
Platform.Function.SetObjectProperty(rr, "ObjectType", "DataExtensionObject[" + dataExtensionName + "]");
Platform.Function.AddObjectArrayItem(rr, "Properties", fieldToReturn);
// copy the line above, changing the variable to the one defined at a)

/* filter condition */
var sfp1 = Platform.Function.CreateObject("SimpleFilterPart");
Platform.Function.SetObjectProperty(sfp1, "Property", "include");
Platform.Function.SetObjectProperty(sfp1, "SimpleOperator", "equals");
Platform.Function.AddObjectArrayItem(sfp1, "Value", "1");

/* assign filter to retrieverequest*/

Platform.Function.SetObjectProperty(rr, "Filter", sfp1);

var statusAndRequestId = [0, 0];
var status = statusAndRequestId[0];
var requestID = statusAndRequestId[1];

var numberOfRowsInDE = 0;
var allEmails = [];
// c) build a second array, or change to an object for more fields

/* perform retrieves until no more data is left (= do not stop at 2500 records )*/

do {
    var results = [0,0];
    var rows = Platform.Function.InvokeRetrieve(rr, results);
    var runstatus = results[0];
    var requestId = results[1];

    if (rows != null) {

        for (var i in rows) {
         var rEmail = rows[i].Properties[0].Value;
         /*d) more fields can go here by building another variable and
           increasing Properties[0] to 1, 2 etc.
         allEmails.push(rEmail);
         // e)
     }
 }
 rr.ContinueRequest = requestId;
 numberOfRowsInDE = numberOfRowsInDE + rows;

} while (runstatus == "MoreDataAvailable")

 /* end of retrieve. now you should have an array "allEmails", and the variable
 "numberOfRowsInDE" holds the number of rows retrieved. */

 /* write each email */
     for (var i = 0; i < numberOfRowsInDE; i++) {
         Write("Email: " + allEmails[i]);

}

</script>
</code>
Hope this helps.
Comment: I believe this works(not tested) but i am uncertain, if we should provide such solutions/answers when we know the use case is dangerous and can lead to problems regarding security and legislation. I wouldn't have posted the answer and instead would have tried to ask, if it really has to be a cloudpage. Maybe the persons that are demanding this website would also be satisfied when they become a daily update in form of a file (like csv, xlsx, txt or something)
Comment: I see your point, but since the question title is generic, I think a general answer is fine, with the disclaimer.
Even a lookup can be dangerous to use on a cloudpage. It depends on the context.
If you expose PII on a cloudpage, include authentication. Then you can make use of this code.
For non-PII i see no issues except latency in high load scenarios.

I found this quite a valuable code snippet to use in a variety of usecases. This code is actually coming from and working in a script activity (except "write"). Happy to remove the code, but the danger is in the context, not the code?
Comment: Yeah the danger is in the context not the code.But if beginner searches for this he/she might just execute the code and is not aware of it.Imagine someone that hosts this page and people refresh this page over and over again.It creates much (senseless) traffic. If people need to see subscriber data, they could better login into the marketing cloud and access the subscriber table rather than creating a cloudpage for it (cut/limit the rights of those people). There are a lot of options you should include in your answer to not cover a solution without risks. But the answer is ok.
Comment: I agree with your concerns guys but this is going to be a secure page protected with a password and for internal use only.
Comment: CloudPages do not work this way, they can hardly be protected in a secure manner (atleast that i know of). And if this is a site which is not hosted in SFMC you cannot use the answer that is presented here but need to switch to API calls (Rest / Soap)
Comment: Hey guys, if it helps, this helped me and I will only be using it on a DE with less than 50 rows and no PII data!
Comment: I was able to modify mine to use not equals, so "Email", "notequals", "-" and it brings back every row. So instead of adding an extra column just to return all rows, that worked for me

I realized this is not returning all columns though so not quite what I wanted. Anyone here know how I can get all columns and all rows, without specifying the names of the columns? I'm looking for one script that will work for all
Comment: Actually I can combine this answer and this one https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/105048/ssjs-web-api-retrieve-column-names


Differences between French French & Canadian French

Question: What are the main types of differences between French spoken and written in France, and French spoken and written in Canada (primarily Quebec)? It's my understanding that many of the French-speakers in Canada came there before the French Revolution (because Canada became British in the 1760s), and since French was heavily standardized as a result of the Revolution, what kinds of differences are there between the two forms of the language? Are there grammatical differences, spelling differences, vocabulary, etc?
Comment: Welcome to fr.se! This question is far too broad to be answered precisely. Maybe start with the Wikipedia article about [Français québécois](http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais_qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois), and come back here when you have a question about a specific difference between these two.
Answer: The main difference is the spoken accent, but generally both French from France and French from Québec can communicate well together. On a written perspective, grammar and vocabulary rules are essentially the same; Québec has it's own Office de la langue française, though. Since Québec is closer to the English language (Rest of Canada and USA), standard punctuation looks a bit more like theirs than to what is standard in France.
Obviously, there exist terms and idioms specific for each of these cultures (and you could even say region), which makes the other say "Heu, pardon?" or "Qu'essse tu dis?" (or your own favourite "What?" expression).
But to be honest, I think your question should be more specific. Best thing to do to have a good feeling of the difference is to find movies originating from each of those cultures. Beware, as some movies from Québec use the Français international, which is spoken a bit less with a typical Québec accent, and use less Québec slang.
Answer: In French we both use English term such as "parking" "week-end" and so on, and I must say that Canadian people use their English term better. Here in France we try to transform these term to a French form that sounds a little bit ridicule, in Canada they don't.
Comment: You apparently haven't visited the Saguenay region, where words like "toaster" and "cutter" often sound more like "tôsteur" and "cotteur". :P
Comment: Please define *we* in *we try*. Maybe you're thinking to the Académie française, who invented for example [cédérom](http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/c%C3%A9d%C3%A9rom). I agree that this term is ridiculous. But I don't think that french people in general try to transform english words in french words, they use each word *as is*, eg. *CDRom*.
Comment: My point was just to show that Canadian people tend to be really good at saying English words in casual discussions.


Diamonds indicator on map, is it number of diamonds or suitcases?

Question: When I bring up the map I see a number on top of each region. Is it indicating number of diamonds or suitacases hidden in that region? Some suitcases contain several diamonds.
Comment: I'm pretty sure the answer also has something to do with the number of Jackal Tapes in the region.  If nobody else answers, I'll be able to find out the answer in a few days when I get back to my gaming rig.
Answer: The number indicates how many diamond cases are in the region, not the total number of diamonds.
Reference: http://farcry2.wikia.com/wiki/The_Far_Cry_2_FAQ under "Finding 'loot' via GPS?"...
"Note that in the top left of Zone maps there is a blue number on a black square. It tells you the total number of Diamond Cases in this Zone."


WebP library for Java?

Question: Is there a library in java for producing/consuming image files in the WebP format? The libraries I found online are either libwebp written in C, or its JNI bindings in Java. Is there anything in pure Java?
Comment: Copied from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17861601/webp-library-for-java
Answer: TwelveMonkeys ImageIO now has full ImageIO read support for WebP (lossy, lossless and lossy + lossless alpha) modes.

Another free option is the ImageIO plugin from Java VP8 Decoder. It contains a Java implementation of the VP8 codec.
Another candidate is JCodec, which have Java VP8 encoding and decoding, but no ImageIO plugin, as far as I can see.
As correctly pointed out by the OP, the VP8 key frame encoding is the method used in WebP for lossy encoding only. The format also specifies lossless encoding, and a combination of lossy RGB + lossless alpha. The above projects does not implement any of these.
Comment: Sorry that I'm not familiar with WebP. Is VP8 equivalent to WebP? From [Google documentation](https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/docs/compression), *VP8 key frame encoding* is only one way to encode the WebP image. There is also *WebP lossless encoding*.
Comment: Looking forward for lossless and extended (lossy + lossless alpha) modes!
Answer: JDeli can read/write WebP format and many others, but it isn't free.
Answer: Scrimage can do this, through delegation to the google binaries (which are included in the distribution).

WebP library for Java?


Can I simulate a previous and next sequence of my fasta files?

Question: I have fasta sequences of a virus protein that had suffered a mutation in 2008 and this mutant had increase it fitness when compared to wild strain (according to literature).I want to simulate if my sequences were submitted in 2009(I have sequences from 2009 and 2010) or before to mutation and simulate next sequences to verify if the population of mutants really turns majority.
How can I do that?My virus is a RNA -ss. Any tool to use that i can represent it graphically?
Or simplifying..I want to simulate the past and the future sequences of my dataset.
Answer: From the description of the model you are interested in, you probably don't need numerical simulations. A simple analytical expectation might be enough. But anyway, if you want to perform numerical simulations (maybe you don't want to assume panmixia), then there are a number of choices to you.
The simulator that you will need needs to be able to implement selection. It hence need to be a forward-in-time simulator and not a coalescent simulator. I personally have experienced with 4 different forward-in-time simulators; SimBit, SLiM, SFS_code and Nemo.
If I am not mistaken, SFS_code won't be able to simulate haploid individuals and will probably be slower than SimBit and SLiM. In SimBit, SLiM and Nemo you cannot do haploid either, however, you can set the cloning rate to 100%, which will essentially be the same as simulating haploids.
To my experience and generally speaking, SLiM and SimBit are faster than Nemo. Because your mutation rate is high and because your recombination rate will be very low (will probably be zero), SimBit should be very very fast and SLiM relatively slow. Also, SimBit will offer much nicer outputs for the statistic you are interested in than SLiM does.
Please note that I am the author of SimBit and I therefore might have a conflict of interest here. Here is the link to SimBit.


How do I root my 4G LG Motion?

Question: How do I root my 4G LG Motion? I have an app that needs root access, but I don't know how to root my phone. Also, I REALLY want this app so.... If you know please help.
Answer: According to OneClickRoot, their tool is supposed to work for the LG Motion 4G. You can download the tool from their site, and they even offer a "remote rooting service". In addition to that tool, you will need the appropriate drivers for your device, which you can e.g. find here. Having that installed, it should be as easy as: Start the tool, connect your device, click to root.
Another rooting guide is offered by AndroidForums (the article links all software needed, including the drivers), which uses the O4X tool from the XDA developers (I used this succesfully on my O4X -- seems like it also works on your Motion 4G). Steps included are also pretty easy: Having installed the drivers, unpacked O4X, and the additional *IS11LG_SystemBackupTest.signed.apk* from the XDA post, you go to Settings→Security on your Motion, and tick unknown-sources. In Settings→Developer Options you enable usb-debugging. Then you install and open IS11LG_SystemBackupTest.signed.apk, and finally restart your device. Once phone turns back on (should be running slow) connect your phone to your computer through USB (charging only). Open the command prompt and enter cd C:\o4xr, then type root. Next wait for the script to run and your phone will reboot; when that happens uninstall the SystemBackupTest app. DO NOT OPEN IT, or you will have to repeat the entire procedure :)

How do I root my 4G LG Motion?


Assigning faces to new materials

Question: I am currently learning to work with blender, and i have a problem. By assigning faces to new material it turns transparent and there is nothing i can do. How to solve this problem?
Comment: Yes, I am lithuanian, but the language of BSE is English, so it would be better if we stick to it so we don't seem rude to other members of this community.
Comment: It is usual to say that you assign materials to faces, not faces to materials and actually that is what happens - an index value is assigned to a face and then it matches a material slot that has a material assigned to it. So it is transparent in the viewport but not when rendering, right? Could you post some screenshots?
Comment: Lietuvis? gali gal padėt?
Answer: I would check the transparency blend mode settings of the material in the Properties Editor, Material tab:

You don't have these settings visible if you have Cycles selected as the render engine, but EEVEE is used to display stuff in the viewport, so just in case they are not there, just switch the render engine to EEVEE temporarily:

Also check face orientation:
Red would mean that normals are inverted.
Answer: @Vygintas I was working on that same sushi tutorial when I ran into this problem. It turns out it's a known issue when using multiple materials with a number of older GeForce, Quadro and other end of life graphics cards even though they seem to meet the minimum requirements.

Blender Known Issue: Drawing error with multi-material object. Faces disappear or showing artifacts with 2 or more material slots applied to same object. When trying to use a second material or more on an object, the faces where it is applied become transparent or in some cases they are distorted as black rectangles that stretch to the origin (this second occurs above all with more complex models than a cube). It happens in Blender 2.81 as well as in Blender 2.82, but in Blender 2.80 there is no such error.

While the bug report lists multiple cards, the list is not exhaustive (I have this issue on my card, the GeForce 9800 GTX+, which is not listed). The core issue is the recentness of the video driver. In the case of NVIDIA GPUs, they have to be able to run NVIDIA drivers greater than v400. The highest driver that I can install on my GeForce 9800 GTX+ is GeForce v342.01.
I can confirm that as listed in the bug report, I can use multiple materials in Blender 2.80 and was able to finish the tutorial without a problem!
I like the colors you chose for your tuna and salmon in the above screenshots!

Assigning faces to new materials


Are there any Gaudiya Vaishnava commentaries on the Upanishads?

Question: Sri Adi-Sankaracharya's commentaries on the Upanishads are most popular in present time. Are there any Gaudiya Vaishnava commentaries available on the Upanishads?
Comment: ISKCON has one Ishopanishad so far as i know
Answer: Well, I do know of a commentary on the Katha Upanishad, authored by Swami B.V. Giri, which adheres to Achintya-Bheda-Abheda. Unfortunately, the book is not available online. You can buy it here.
Edit 1: I found commentaries written by Sri Bhakti Prajnan Yati Maharaj free online on the Taittirya Upanishad, Aitareya Upanishad and Chandogya Upanishad. You can read them here.
Also, you might be able to purchase all the twelve Upanishadic commentaries authored by Sri Bhakti Prajnan Yati Maharaj here.
Edit 2: You can also read Baladeva Vidyabhusana's commentary on the Isha Upanishad free in Hindi here. By the way, Baladeva Vidyabhusana also wrote commentaries on other Upanishads but none of them survived.
Edit 3: You can also read A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada's commentary on the Isha Upanishad here.
Edit 4: I found all the Upanishadic commentaries of Sri Bhakti Prajnan Yati Maharaj online. You can read it here.
Comment: Thanks..I ve been searching non-advatic commentaries on Upanishads since a while now...it really makes me wonder why non- advaitic vedantic schools focus on other scriptures despite upanishads being a part of prasthantrayi...
Comment: There is no need to add edit 1, 2 , 3 in answer.
Comment: @RishX  The schools of philosophy post Sri Sankara period are called "bhakti vedanta schools" by some scholars, especially the scholars in Ramakrishna mission. The Sankara school is called Vedantic school by the same scholars. The reason is, by Sri Sankara's system the connection between metaphysics and deity worship is somewhat flexible. But if you compare that with Sri Yamunacharya, Sri Ramanujacharya, and Sri Madhva schools, they standardized on a very specific deity in addition to creating a philosophical framework. Sri Madvacharya has commented on all the Upanisads like Sri Sankara did.
Comment: Though Sri Ramanuja used Upanisads in His bhashyams, His Holiness did not comment on all the Upanisads and portions of The Veda. Among the acharyas the extensive Vedic commentary is found in Sri Sankara and Sri Madhva's works. Other Acharyas either did not write a dedicated commentary, or selectively commented here and there. The reason, if you ask me, is their respective approach of being prescriptive about single deity worship along with The Vedic backing. This could have, possibly limited the scope of Vedic passages in their work, especially if their goal was prescribing a system of worship


Epsilon delta proof

Question: I know that the point of the proof is to show that you can get within $\epsilon$ of the limit, by giving a value that is within $\delta$ of $x$. But when solving for $\delta$ in terms of $\epsilon$ how is it possible to rewrite $|f(x) - L| < \epsilon$ in terms of $|x - c| < \delta$? I thought one concerned the $y$-axis and the other concerned the $x$-axis? For example in this Khan academy video (http://youtu.be/0sCttufU-jQ), khan changes the left side the inequality concerning $\delta$ to match the left side of the inequality concerning $\epsilon$. Then he essentially says since the left sides of the inequalities match then $\delta$ is equal to $\epsilon/2$. Again I do not understand how that's possible when both inequalities concern a different axis?
Answer: The main idea in an epsilon-delta proof is that the image of the delta-interval on the x-axis must be contained in (note: not necessarily equal to) the epsilon-interval on the y-axis.  Moreover, the limit definition says "for every epsilon there is a delta..." -- think of it as like a two-player game, you have an epsilon-player and a delta-player.  The epsilon-player goes first, giving a value for epsilon (so specifying a neighborhood around L on the y-axis).  The delta-player needs to respond with a value for delta (neighborhood around c on the x-axis) so that every x in the neighborhood maps (by f) into the y-axis neighborhood the epsilon-player picked.  If the epsilon-player can find a value for which the delta player has no response, then epsilon wins and the limit is not valid.  If, on the other hand, the delta-player can find a formula which gives a valid response to every value the epsilon player could give, then the delta player has a strategy to keep the game going no matter what, and the limit is valid.  So the delta-player's goal is to find such a formula.  That's what the procedure you described does.
Comment: Thank you for replying I spent more time with the material yesterday after getting you feedback and it was very helpful. However, I still do not feel as though I have completely grasped this concept and I was wondering if you could confirm my logic and determine if I am on the right track. {Due to length issue it will follow in separate comment}
Comment: I will use this as a reference problem {Limit of 2x-4 as x -> 2 is 0}

1) Fill in epsilon delta definition with info provided

2) Solve for epsilon in terms of distance from x{which is done by rewriting f(x) in terms of x, for example |f(x) - L| becomes |2x-4|(which is in terms of x)}

3) Isolate the distance from x, not the x itself(another thing that confused me in the beginning); which is then |x-2| < epsilon/2.

*This essentially means that the independent variable x must less than epsilon/2 of 2. In order to get an f(x) value that is less than epsilon of the limit.*
Comment: Yes, you have the right idea here (and linear functions like 2x-4 are particularly straightforward in this regard) -- now that you have the expression in the form |x-c|< epsilon/2, the formula delta=epsilon/2 gives the delta-player the winning strategy.

Epsilon delta proof


How can I save a Facebook album photo to my server if the user has authenticated and granted user_photos permission?

Question: My Facebook app shows the user a collection of photos from one of their Facebook photo albums.  I am trying to allow the user to select a photo for uploading to my application, to be stored on my server.  I have built the app in Ruby on Rails, and hosting it on Heroku.  Planning to use an S3 bucket for storing the images.  Is there anything in Ruby that is well suited for this task, like the CarrierWave Gem, or perhaps do it in JavaScript?
Answer: If using carrierwave you can use the remote_location option and just pass in the URL Facebook provides to the image. https://github.com/jnicklas/carrierwave#uploading-files-from-a-remote-location
Carrier Wave also supports fog so your integration with amazon s3 will be easier.


Distinguishing test sends in Tracking Extract?

Question: I see that Tracking Extracts allow you to "Include Test Sends" but the data doesn't make it possible to distinguish test sends vs. non-test sends. Am I missing something? Will I have to include this as part of me send logging?
Answer: Well, because the Tracking Data Extract documentation is such a clusterbleep, who knows?
If you use the System Data Views, there's a flag that distinguishes test sends, but from what I can tell, they're either included or not based on the checkbox.
Comment: The response from support was to create two extracts, one with test sends included and one without. The missing data in the second extract would show you which were from test sends. *sigh*
Comment: Sounds about right. :|


Trouble Configuring Subdomain on Digital Ocean

Question: I've just setup a Ubuntu droplet on Digital Ocean, and I'm having trouble pointing my subdomain to the droplet IP. The main domain is working just fine (it points to a different droplet). When I set the A record for the subdomain (pointing to the correct IP) and try to access the website, I get ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED, although DNS propagation seems fine (I checked it at DNS Checker). Then I set the NS record for the same subdomain, pointing to the same nameservers which the main domain is pointed to, and now the error on the page is DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_NXDOMAIN. Also, when I set the NS record, the A record went crazy according to DNS Checker. I'm sorry, I'm really confused, this is the first time I've done this.
This is how the records are set currently
Answer: Your initial configuration that just had an A record for app.example.com pointing to the new droplet IP was correct. The additional NS records you added were unnecessary.
The connection refused message you got with the initial configuration likely points to a non-DNS related config issue on your droplet unless you typo'd the IP address in the A record. Check firewalls. Check that the web server is running and on the port you expect.
Comment: What should I check for on the firewall? I'm really lost, sorry...
Comment: Check that port 80/443 are allowed.


genomatix software linux install

Question: I have installed the genomatix software which is a jar file the name is InstallChipInspector21.jar.But now I really don;t know how do I start it ,can any one suggest me a method??
Comment: This question appears to be off-topic because it is about a computer package installation. Refer to the readme associated with the package for details on this or contact the developer.
Comment: well it's not about installation I have installed it I need to run the program,that is what I'm asking for
Answer: I don't know what else to say as an answer but here is a link to the user manual. If you are looking for more specific usage instructions, I would suggest that you try Biostars though I can't guarantee that you receive an answer.
Comment: @krushna Try the command java -jar InstallChipInspector21.jar ?
Comment: I have seen the pdf it doesn't talk about how to start the program...
Comment: yeah I have installed the software using the command but I need to run it how do I do that??

genomatix software linux install


Set up a proxy on a remote Linux server?

Question: In order to watch Hulu and other sites which are not available in my region (Canada). I would like to set up my own proxy server in the USA on a Linode for my Macbook running Mac OS X. On my Macbook, I would like to set up the proxy server in the OS, instead of the browser so all apps use it. I believe Mac OS X supports HTTP and SOCKS proxies. What type of proxy should I use, and what server software should I use on the Linux machine?
Answer: If I was going to do this, I would look into using Squid as a proxy.
But I'm far too honest to do that sort of thing so I don't really know how to go about it...
Comment: "... but you didn't hear *me* say that..."


19 yr old son with a prosthetic left foot

Question: My son had a major work accident over a year ago which ended in his left foot being amputated.  He says part of him died so he feels dead thru and thru. Suicide is big in his mind. How , as his mom, am I to handle the suicidal thoughts and situations? What can I say to him to let him know he has so much life left to live? How loved he is? Etc... He stays couped up in his room. Since the hospital he has become addicted to pills
Answer: Talk to a mental health specialist.
Random people online aren't qualified to provide mental health counselling. Your son needs to see a proper mental health specialist to get the treatment he needs for his suicidal ideation and his burgeoning drug addiction. Hopefully, fixing the former will also fix the latter, but you need the help of a qualified professional to say for sure.
I hope your son gets the help he needs to recover from the psychological toll of his injury.
Answer: I agree with nick0120000 that your son needs professional help.
Generally speaking, he needs a perspective for his future. And I think it would help him to meet other people who have had serious injuries like his and have already been able to build up a new life.
In Germany, where I live, there is a mandatory insurance for all employees in case of work accidents. If such an accident happens and the person is unable to do their work any longer, they get a lot of support and training to find other work that they still can do. Obviously, your son does not have this support. But there are a lot of things you can do, even with a prostetic foot. Perhaps you or other relatives and friends can help him to find out which work is still possible for him. Perhaps this even opens up new and interesting perspectives. Finding a new job helps him to gain independence and to build up a new life.
We also have a lot of disabled sports groups here. It helps people to discover the strengths they still have, in spite of their disability. But what is more important: They meet others with a similar disability and learn from them how to master life. You learn that you are not alone and that it is possible to live a happy life even with a severe disability. I do not know if there are such groups in your country, too, but perhaps you can help him to get in touch with other people with similar disabilities.


Modern Stone Homes

Question: I want my advanced culture to have stone houses but I cannot think of a reason why they would keep this old fashioned method. What can I do to convince the czar of this land to use stone for building instead of metal or lumber?
Comment: Don't jsut look at the US when you think about advanced culture. Not least because almost everywhere else was a comparably advanced culture before the US was, or even existed. That said: In a large part of the world, people don't build wood structures unless for temporary or emergency housing.
Comment: The [Great Chicago Fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire). The year after, the Chicago City Council mandated the use of fire-resistant materials, such as brick, in the construction of future downtown buildings. ([ref](http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1992-04-28/news/9202070670_1_fire-spread-steel-frame-exit-doors)) While not precluding steel construction, it did spur the need to fireproof metal frameworks.
Comment: Here in the UK at least i know of a lot of new-build homes built of stone. Particularly on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, UK. Residents here are very fond of the material coined "Portland Stone" as it is quarried from the small isle they live on, because of their love for it a lot of the newer houses *(as well as the older ones, of course)* are still being produced using this nice looking stone that has been cut into easy to manage bricks.
Comment: Would they have concrete? Also, would they still be building uninsulated mass walls, or would they be using stone purely for cladding and structural value, with explicit control layers (water/air/vapor/thermal) inserted? (I.e. for insulation -- foam if you think they'd do this "plastic" thing, rockwool if you think they wouldn't)
Comment: Also, what are they using for roofing? (Cladding, deck, and structure -- clay or slate tile could be used for roof cladding, but you *need* tension members for rafters.)
Comment: Last but not least -- would they be at least willing to develop metal/fiber reinforced concrete?
Answer: Stone Buildings are Hard to Burn
This is no joke- if you want your home to be resistant to fire, use stone or ceramics (clay) to form the load-bearing parts. As a small anecdote: I have lived in Europe, and once in a mostly stone home, which experienced an electrical fire. What did the fire department do? Tell us to simply keep flammables away from the fire, and let it burn itself out. Did it work? Yes, it did. Our house, nor the things in it, burt (aside from some electrical wire).
Also, stone countertops can easily take excess heat from hot pans and such. Most people consider this ability a definite perk.
Fashion
Stone can be really handsome. Some people like the way it looks. Some people really like how some rock looks, and rocks come in a variety of shades, textures, and colors. They can be pounded or eroded to become smooth, or kept rough and craggily. As far as an artistic medium goes, it's pretty broad and versatile even in natural or lightly-manufactured forms.
Refuge From Things
Imagine the relief you feel from a cool tile floor on a summers day. Now, make your whole house like that! Stone can be a good insulator, but expensive to shape and put together. It's good for extreme hot/cold environments. Obviously, in a cold environment, you'll need to heat it (and maybe use many floor rugs), but in a hot environment, it's great! Additionally, due to the fact that it takes a lot of energy to heat/cool your stone, a home of stone will experience thermal lag, so your home is warmest at night, and coolest in the day.
We should also mention that the weight of stones helps a building withstand high winds. If you're afraid of your house being blown away, make like the third little pig and make your house out of bricks, or stone, or something equally heavy. Also, this same argument may apply to invaders, raiders, and traitors.
"Environmentally Sound" Building Material
Some areas of the world have lots of rocks. Putting them to good use has the added benefit of making your homes very recyclable. A rock taken from an old building can be just as useful as a rock taken from the ground. Rejected building rock can be ground up and used in cement, or gravel walkways. Rocks are everywhere, so procuring them is rather cheap. Demolished homes would have nothing nasty in them- like asbestos. (Unless you actually put asbestos rocks in there... then it has a lot of asbestos!)
Comment: In support of this answer... In places like the Middle East, modern homes are made from granite and concrete. In a hot environment those materials are effective at preventing fires and assisting in cooling. There are also very few trees around that make for good building material. I honestly don't see any reason why that would ever change unless someone developed a "miracle material" that was somehow cheaper and more effective at all those things.
Comment: Just remember, if you're building in earthquake country you need a lot a steel reinforcement to keep masonry construction from being deathtraps.
Comment: I think it is also worth to mention marbles (not game but material) which can be used for both internal and external and it looks very nice.
Comment: @Thanby : the insulation and thermal inertia aspects work well in cold climates too : my previous two houses had 2 foot thick stone walls and didn't lose heat quickly. Stone houses last well too, so they can easily be cheaper in the long run (centuries rather than decades).
Comment: Also great answer!
Comment: @LordofEden I've made it better; now it comes with more linguistic shenanigans!
Answer: Durability
I never got why in the US, where storms are so common, the houses are built with lumber. In middle europe nearly every house is build of stone or concrete. This has the advantages mentioned above (fire resistance, thermal lag, etc...) and in addition a good protection against storms and snow.
Also I as far as I know, middle Europe is quite an advanced culture, so I see no reason why an advanced culture shouldn't build houses of stone. If anything I consider using wood as building material is "less advanced".
Comment: I live in the UK which has a fairly damp climate. Whilst it's possible to treat wood to make it more durable, I imagine the ongoing maintenance would be much greater than that of the much more common brick houses. Also I think house construction may tend to be more conservative in the choice of materials than other types of building because they are almost always bought with mortgages that require a surveyor to be convinced of the structural integrity of the building and surveyors may be suspicious of construction types they're not familiar with,
Comment: Houses get built with lumber because it's cheaper.
Comment: I'm with you. Unfortunately, a company that's building a development doesn't often care about the longevity of the structure past a couple of years where they're on the hook for warranty. Anyhow, the vast majority of homes don't need rebuilding (storms don't get that strong in most of the US, just certain parts of it) and with natural disasters such as tornadoes and hurricanes, it doesn't much matter what the structure is built out of.
Comment: Well, I don't think it's cheaper on the long term, if you have to build it again after every bigger storm, than to build it once and it stands there for several hundred years...
Comment: Wood frame buildings are becoming more common in the UK actually, mostly for price reasons, although they are usually clad in stone or brick still.
Comment: If you look at one of the most earthquake and storms, Japan, they build (at least for a long time) their houses from paper as in the end it is extreemly difficult to build an earthquake/storm proof house, so why not make a very cheap to build house with the benefit of also being light weight so if you get stuck under your collapsed house chances are decent you'll survive.
Comment: "Houses get built with lumber because it's cheaper." it depends e.g. in Poland we have plenty of forests and wood building is more expensive - simply because people are not skilled in building from wood.
Comment: Wood can be durable too. Around where I live we have a number of 100-150 year old houses that are in great shape and will probably be around for some time to come. Even a stone house will need upkeep.
Answer: Durability. Modern light-frame residential construction is designed to be exactly as strong as it has to be in order to reduce costs, and if they went without any maintenance they wouldn't last 30 years. The bones of a light-frame home could last a century or more, but that depends on the exterior holding up to the elements, something most stone buildings can handle as a matter of course but most modern buildings require re-sealing every few years and re-roofing every 20 to 30.
If cost were less of an object (in a society with sufficient technology, the logistics of stonecutting would make assembling a building out of carved blocks less demanding than today), building a home durable enough to pass on to your children and their children would be worth something. It's counterintuitive that as our technology grows, we're moving past the need to be mobile; many jobs can literally be performed from anywhere, and of the ones that do require travel, most are local in scope (maintenance, local delivery etc). That makes a durable home a better investment.
Comment: +1 for the technology observation, and for bringing a cultural point into it regarding passing a home down through the family. That could easily be a part of the culture the OP is designing.
Comment: Stone houses require re-roofing just as often as stick frame houses do.  Even ceramic tile roofs need to be checked for cracks regularly.  The materials used for framing have little correlation with the materials used for roofing.  You have to design your framing up front to withstand the weight, but a stick house can be constructed to hold up an earthen, stone, or ceramic roof, just as an stone house can be constructed with an asphalt, sheet metal, thatch, or cedar shake roof.
Answer: In extreme environments, stone provides a thermal "battery" to moderate temperature swings. During the day in a desert, the stone will absorb the heat while the interior of the building stays cool. At night, the warmth gradually seeps into the house and keeps the interior warmer than the cool outside. (If you don't have stone, the same effect can be had with massive masonry walls, adobe or rammed earth as well). In cold climates, the heat from the hearth will be retained in the stone after the fire burns out, keeping the interior warmer without such a large expenditure of fuel.
Stone is also relatively inexpensive (it is the stonecutting and dressing that makes it expensive), long lasting and sturdy if built properly, all bonus points for people who build with stone.
Answer: Historical value
Instill in your czar the idea that the old ways were better, that we are in danger of losing important history, and it is incumbent on us all to preserve the past by retaining its sound architectural techniques.  Stone castles have stood for hundreds of years; those newfangled wood-frame houses don't last nearly as long.  And steel?  Hard to make, hard to work with, messy.
Combine liberally with a sense of fashion.  Since he's the czar he probably has a great deal of sway with public opinion (controlling the press and all that).  Use that.  Make people want to preserve this aspect of their history.
But progress is good too.
We aren't just old-fashioned, you must assure your czar; we are also looking out for the future.  Stone is available without the environmental impact of deforestation or steel mills.  Stone is also durable and long-lasting, so you pretty much only need to quarry new stone for additional construction — houses you've already built will stay put, and if you do decide you need to demolish for some reason (replacing with a larger structure, making way for a highway bypass, etc), you can reclaim the materials.  Try reclaiming the framing studs from your wood-frame house — doesn't work as well.
Stone: the choice for preserving the good ideas of the past and protecting the environment for the future!
Answer: I'm not sure you'll be able to do this
Metal and lumber aren't your competing materials. What you need to think about are bricks, breeze blocks and concrete as these are the materials that replaced stone in most of the world.
Stone
The problem with stone is the cost. First you have to find suitable stone, extract it, move it to where you need to build and shape it to the correct size. This last one is the killer, it required master craftsmen. These master craftsmen were the original freemasons, wealthy and free to move around the country in the way other non-nobles weren't. It's also incredibly heavy and massively labour intensive to lay even after being cut.
To maintain this as a viable building material you're going to need to solve these problems and especially solve them relative to the real competitor:
Breeze blocks
For most tasks these are perfect. Also known as cinder blocks or concrete masonry units, they are a fraction of the weight of an equivalent stone block, they're already perfectly shaped and designed for building. All you need is some cement and a brickie. Bricklayers are not master craftsmen, you can pick them up on a street corners as day labourers, just stop a van by the side of the road and wait. The blocks even have central hollows which help with insulation.
The only downside is that they're not exactly pretty, hence why, when looks are important they tend to be clad with an outer layer of:
Bricks
Another small, artificial, lightweight, regularly shaped alternative to stone. Available in various colours, shapes and sizes, easy to cut when you need a half brick, usable for both decoration and structure. With all the advantages of breeze blocks except for size. They're relatively expensive and labour intensive to lay which is why they're not often used for large buildings any more.
Stone does retain one advantage over bricks and breeze blocks, that being damage resistance. This is where we come to:
Concrete
This is the ultimate stone replacement. The kings of England were building with stone from the 11thC but the Romans used concrete. Nero's building code required concrete after Rome burned. The Pantheon might have granite columns at the front but it has a concrete dome. The castles are crumbling, the concrete still stands.

With these as your competitors the only option is looks. Natural stone will always look better.
Answer: Because it's cheap.
An advanced culture is as sensitive to available resources as an old-fashioned one. If stone is readily available and effective then there is little reason they would not use it for construction.
Tell the Czar that this method is cost-effective and will win favor with the environmentalists.
Answer: No usable trees
Imagine a land where there simply aren't any large woody plants to supply lumber for building.
Maybe it's grassland with some shrubbery, or some fibrous flora that simply doesn't have the strength to be used as a primary building material.
Think of habitats like the Outer Hebrides—stone buildings are the norm there, as wood is very scarce.
Answer: If the location the culture lives in has little to no trees, then building with the few trees you do have wouldn't just be impractical, but foolish and idiotic.

Modern Stone Homes


Font Awesome Icons Not Displaying In WordPress

Question: I'm not a programmer.
I've been building sites using WordPress for a few years without any knowledge of programming.
Recently I changed to cloud hosting and two sites that I've built using WordPress are not displaying some of the font awesome icons.
I'm using Google Chrome to view my sites on as l build them. I was directed to this forum for help with this issue. I've read some of the answers related to this issue on this forum but since I am not a programmer l can't make sense of it.
I know how to search for the code in the editor area of WordPress but am not sure what code to change to fix this issue.
Is anyone able to help with this?
Answer: You can use this link in your header file:
<code><link rel="stylesheet" href="path/to/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css">
</code>
Add it to header.php file in add between script tag.


Magento - Can't Access Checkout with SSL

Question: I'm having a problem in my Magento store.  If I turn on SSL on the frontend I can't access the checkout.  When I try to go to the checkout I just get bounced back to the cart page.
If the customer logs in first then it works fine but guests just can't reach the checkout.
The 'My Account' section works fine with SSL.
If I turn SSL off then the checkout can be access by everyone without a problem.
Any ideas what could be causing this?
Answer: Try turning off Suhosin on the server:
http://www.magentocommerce.com/boards/viewthread/15445/#t55590


Use of net acceleration in circular motion

Question: We know there are two types of accelaration in circular motion, one is centripetal acceleration and the other one is tangential acceleration. The resultant of these two is the net acceleration $a$. But what is the use of this net acceleration? I mean in case of tangential acceleration, it increases linear speed and centripetal acceleration changes direction, but what good does the net acceleration do?
Comment: It changes the velocity vector.
Answer:
But what is the use of this net acceleration?

The  net force (centripetal force plus tangential) associated with the two accelerations can be use to determine whether or not a vehicle will skid while both accelerating and cornering, compared to cornering alone or accelerating alone.
If the vehicle is both accelerating and cornering, the total friction force will be greater than either the lateral friction associated with cornering alone or the longitudinal friction associated with accelerating alone. Since the total friction force is shared between the two, the vehicle will slip sooner if both accelerating and cornering at the same time, than if only accelerating or only cornering.
This can be illustrated by using the so called Kamm circle of friction. Refer to the figures below of a vehicle accelerating forward (up in the figure) and cornering to the right. $F_{Lat}$ is the centripetal force and $F_{Lon}$ is the tangential force. The centripetal acceleration is then $F_{Lat}/M$ and the tangential acceleration is $F_{Lon}/M$.
The Kamm circle assumes that the coefficient of static friction is the same both longitudinal and laterally, as well as assumes the normal load supported by the tire is the same for both accelerating and cornering.
The figures are an overhead view of one of the vehicle tires. The vehicle direction of motion is upward. The circle radius represents the maximum possible static friction force, or $u_{s}N$ where $N$ is the load (weight) of the vehicle supported by the tire.
Fig 1 shows the vehicle accelerating only where the longitudinal friction force enabling acceleration, $F_{Lon}$, equals the maximum possible static friction force, i.e., where loss of traction is impending.
Fig 2 shows the vehicle only cornering (to the right) where the lateral friction force, $F_{Lat}$ which equals the centripetal force, equals the maximum possible static friction force, i.e., where skidding is impending.
Fig 3 shows the vehicle both accelerating and cornering. As can be seen, the total friction force reaches the maximum possible static friction force sooner that when only accelerating or cornering.
Hope this helps.
Answer: Acceleration if a vector quantity. The time derivative of velocity, also a vector:
$$\vec a = \frac{d\vec v}{dt}$$
There are several uses of it. One is to extrapolate the velocity, say in a predictive filter:
$$ \vec v(t+\delta t)\approx \vec v(t) + \delta t\vec a$$
another is to compute the so-called $g$-load:
$$ \frac 1 g  ||\vec a|| $$
If $\vec s(t)$, where $\vec v(t) = d\vec s(t)/dt$, is circular, or tracing arc, one can project the acceleration onto the velocity:
$$ a_{\parallel} = \vec a \cdot \frac{\vec v}{||\vec v||}$$
and also the rejection:
$$ a_{\perp} = \vec{a}-a_{\parallel}$$
If you are a Formula One engineer looking at telemetry from the car, you need both to understand your car's performance. $ a_{\perp}$ tells you about you cornering, while $ a_{\parallel}$ is important for understanding braking into and acceleration out of the corner.


The role of humidity is BSOD and other glitches

Question: For some unknown reason to me hearing aids require dehumidifying. The humidity somehow very significantly interferes with the microphones and other electronics. Daily dehumidifying stops the interference. Does humidity play a role in tablet, phone and other small devices glitches? If so how large? Will a dehumidifying fix increase electronic device reliability?
Comment: Is it your impression that a hearing aid left out on a desk in the open air would be absorbing moisture from the air? Surely its far more likely that it would be absorbing moisture from sweat during use?
Comment: @brhans humidity is a function of environment. the rate of absorption while attached would be greater but when not attached it is not negative and depending on the environment may be positive.
Answer: Hearing aids are the proverbial ten pounds of crap in a five pound bag; lots of electronics in a tiny package. The enclosure, being plastic or silicone, doesn't absorb moisture. It is placed in a crevice on the human body. As the user sweats, moisture will start to accumulate, and cause the problems mentioned.
This is not the case for the handheld devices mentioned. Their normal use case puts them in the user's hand. If they are not in the user's hand, they are in a case, pocket, on a desk, etc. Excessive sweat will only be a problem when it gets to the point where the device is physically wet. Your average glitch in these types of devices is much more likely to be the result of a software problem.
Moisture in the air is not going to cause problems for either device.
Comment: +1. I was going to post an answer, but, really this is the answer to the question asked. @caseyr547, the only situations in which ambient moisture will become a problem are when users make poor choices, like leaving a relatively cool cell phone in the bathroom while they take a scalding hot shower. After such an incident, a water damage repair may be necessary to clear ionic trails left in the device. And I have personally had to repair devices damaged by, well, sweaty people.
Comment: @SeanBoddy ok so 100% humidity at what degree damages phones? Sometimes my part of the states is very humid and it gets pretty warm too.
Comment: @caseyr547, that's a question for physics.se. It would involve the condensation of water in warmer air passing over a cooler device, and the answer would depend on specific variables unique to the situation.
Comment: That's another thing that doesn't matter for practical purposes, unless you like to store your phone in the refrigerator overnight.
Comment: @MattYoung i'm sorry you don't like my line of questioning but to me it does matter
Comment: @SeanBoddy ok i'll post it there
Comment: @caseyr547, yeah, I've done repairs on refrigerated phones. But the transition from a well air conditioned room with very low humidity to a small space with hot running water has also put enough condensation on my own phone that I had to dry it out. But general purpose electronics will not benefit from periodic desiccation, and that's where we leave off. Physics should be more helpful.
Comment: Like guns hearing aids collect moisture from the air
Answer: I'm not sure why OP is getting downvoted as their question has been generalized for all electronics.
Humidity does indeed play an important role in general electronics manufacturing. Thermal and humidity testing is something all automotive and mil-spec rated electronics go through. Weather it's corrosion, short circuits or material deformation, the effects are real and difficult to predict even when an integrated circuit lists a certain rating.
When it comes to phones, tablets and other commercial devices, most are not rated for extreme conditions. It's easy to watch a phone's battery life drop when you take it skiing and then later see it turn itself off from over temperature because your phone stand is right on top of the air vent in your car.
For various cost and availability reasons, commercial products don't care to test around those corners and assume the user will be in a normal environment. In many cases, it's easier for them to build a watertight enclosure instead of get the circuits to work in those conditions. This applies to hearing aids, internal ear monitors and other wearables.
Comment: I understand what you are saying. But hearing aids are frequently dehumidified not because the seal broke, but to remove liquid obstruction from the sound channels.  Standard use case consumer devices do not benefit from scheduled desiccation.
Comment: OP was discussing consumer devices in standard use cases. And while manufacturers do absolutely control the humidity of products in storage, once assembled, many don't have humidity controls after that point, beacuse it no longer matters. Your phone died while skiing because it died. Humidity won't cause a BSOD unless there is actual water inside the device.
Comment: A hearing aid that breaks its seal is no longer a standard use case. A phone below 10 degrees C is no longer standard commercial environment. Perhaps you are lucky, but my experience certifying products has indeed caused parts to fail corner testing.
Comment: Ahh good to know. I've never had that problem with my IEM's as the liquid typically stays outside or wicks outside the ear. That's unfortunate that liquid obstructions are a part of normal operation.


why adding or subtracting linear equations finds their intersection point?

Question: I was trying to understand the logic behind linear algebra but got stuck at this point. Why does adding or subtracting two linear equations with one another result in their intersection point ? After searching i came across a method which goes like this . Lets say we have two equations x+y=5 and 2x+y=8. Now they do this
y=5-x
y=8-2x
and then 5-x=8-2x and then find the value of x. I understood the logic behind this method. But what about the other method where they just subtract those equations , and find x value first and then find y value . What is going on there ? What is the logic behind it ?
Comment: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/x2f8bb11595b61c86:systems-of-equations/x2f8bb11595b61c86:equivalent-systems-equations/v/why-we-do-the-same-thing-to-both-sides-basic-systems
Answer: Keep in mind that both sides of the equations are the same (that's the point of an equation). From basic algebra we know that you can manipulate an equation by adding or subtracting the same value on both sides, so if you have
\begin{align}
x+y &= 5, \tag{1}\\
2x+y &= 8, \tag{2}
\end{align}
You can subtract the left hand side (LHS) of $(1)$ from the LHS of $(2)$, while subtracting the right hand side (RHS) of $(1)$ from the RHS of $(2)$ since the LHS and the RHS of each equation are the exact same thing. It's like you're subtracting $5$ from both sides, since $x+y$ really is equal to $5$. Hence we write $(2)$ as
\begin{align}
2x+y &= 8\\
2x + y - x - y &= 8 - 5\\
x &= 3,
\end{align}
which (since $x+y = 5$) implies $y$ must equal $2$.
Answer:
Why does adding or subtracting two linear equations with one another
  result in their intersection point?

The intersection set before and after the change of equations is the same.
Or more detailed: The intersection set of the original equations is the same set like the intersection set of the new set of equations.
An element of the intersection set fulfills all given equations, it is a solution. So it would be a bad idea to change that set during transformation steps, because you want to determine the solution set of the equations you started with.
The intended effect of an algebraic solution method like Gauss elimination is on the equations. The idea is to transform them into a form, where it is easy to read the possible solutions from them.
Another interpretation is: There are many systems of equations which have the same solution set, lets try to move towards a system of equations with the same solutions set, but which is easier to read the solutions from them.

Lets say we have two equations $x+y=5$ and $2x+y=8$. Now they do this
  $y=5-x$ $y=8-2x$ and then $5-x=8-2x$ and then find the value of $x$.

Ok, so we have the system
\begin{align}
x+y &= 5 \quad (1) \\
2x+y &= 8 \quad (2)
\end{align}

The next system is
\begin{align}
y &= 5 - x \quad (3) \\
2x+y &= 8 \quad (2)
\end{align}
where $(3)$ has been obtained from $(1)$ by subtracting $x$ from both sides. While $(1)$ and $(3)$ are different equations, and the value on the left hand side (LHS) and right hand side (RHS) is different for $(1), (2)$ and $(3), (2)$ -- it changes from $5$ to $2$ as we will see later -- the values for which $x$ and $y$ stand, stay the same and we still have equalities.
Note that the graph for this system has not changed. In the above graph the points which fulfill a single equation show up as a line. In more dimensions it would be an affine plane (affine: a plane which might not contain the origin) of dimension one less than the dimension of the space, an affine hyperplane. Both equations $(1)$ and $(3)$ are fulfilled by the same set of points.
Then we get
\begin{align}
y &= 5 - x \quad (3) \\
y &= 8 - 2x \quad (4)
\end{align}
and this leads to the system
\begin{align}
y &= 5 - x \quad (3) \\
5 - x &= 8 - 2x \quad (5)
\end{align}

The step from
$$
y = 8 - 2x \quad (4)
$$
to
$$
5 - x = 8 - 2x \quad (5)
$$
has more consequences than the transformation steps before.
We see that $y$ does not show up in the second equation anymore
and indeed the graph changed.
The blue line corresponding to $(2)$ and $(4)$ changed to the purple line corresponding to $(5)$. The important bit is that the intersection set, here the point $P$, has not changed.
And then we get to
\begin{align}
y &= 5 - x \quad (3) \\
x &= 3 \quad (6)
\end{align}
and finally to
\begin{align}
y &= 2 \quad (7) \\
x &= 3 \quad (6)
\end{align}

which is a very convenient system of two linear equations, which tells us we have a solution $(x, y) = (3, 2)$.
Comment: exactly ..but why .. ? :/
Answer: When you add or subtract two linear equations, the result would include the intersection, but it is not equal to the intersection. However, if you do it right and eliminate one variable, then you can get directly to the answer.
Let's say you have two equations $f$1$(x,y)=0$ and $f$2$(x,y)=0$.
Adding them gives
$f$1$(x,y)$ + $f$2$(x,y)=0$
If $(x$0$,x$0$)$ satisfy both of the equations ($(x$0$,x$0$)$ is in the intersection), it satisfies their addition. Same is true for any linear combination of $f$1$(x,y)$ and $f$2$(x,y)$.
Answer: It's a consequence of the Fundamental Miracle of Algebra: Equals added to equals yields equals.
We may solve the equation x+5=7 by adding -5 to both sides because of the equality: x+5 is equal to 7 so that adding -5 to x+5 is the same thing as adding -5 to 7.
Likewise in your system of equations: x+y is equal to 5 so adding some quantity, call it R, to x+y is the same thing as adding it to 5. So x+5+R
=5+R.
Look at your second equation to see what R is: 2x+y=8. Since 2x+y is equal to 8, so also -(2x+y) is equal to -8. It  doesn't matter whether we say that R is -(2x+y) or we say that R is -8 because they are equal.
So we use the facts that R is -(2x+y) on the left-hand side and that R is -8 on the right-hand side of x+5+R=5+R and we see that we have subtracted your second equation from your first.
Answer: Let's take a pair of linear equations and assume that $(x_0,y_0)$ is the solution for them.
$$a_1x + b_1y + c_1 = 0 \tag{1}$$
$$a_2x + b_2y + c_2 = 0 \tag{2}$$
Since $(x_0, y_0)$ is a solution,
$$a_1x_0 + b_1y_0 + c_1 = 0 \tag{3}$$
$$a_2x_0 + b_2y_0 + c_2 = 0 \tag{4}$$
Without any loss of generality, we can rewrite equation 1 as:
$$a_1x + b_1y + c_1 - a_1x_0 - b_1y_0 - c_1 = 0 $$
$$a_1(x-x_0) + b_1(y-y_0) = 0 \tag{5}$$
Similarly rewriting equation 2 as,
$$a_2(x-x_0) + b_2(y-y_0) = 0 \tag{6}$$
Now if we add or subtract equations 1 and 2 (effectively adding 5 and 6), we get:
$$(a_1 + a_2)(x-x_0) + (b_1 + b_2)(y-y_0) = 0 \tag{7}$$
$$(a_1 - a_2)(x-x_0) + (b_1 - b_2)(y-y_0) = 0 \tag{8}$$
Extendign further, any generic operation of type $\alpha(1) + \beta(2)$ can be expressed in the form:
$$\lambda(x-x_0) + \nu(y-y_0) = 0 \tag{9}$$
As we can see $(x_0, y_0)$ is a solution to (9).
Thus, addition, subtraction or linear operations on two simultaneous equation will result in a line which passes through their intersection.
PS: Grateful to Aniruddha Deb for helping me see this.