What happened to Yisro?

Question: What happened to Yisro after he went back to Midyan to convert his family?
שמות 18:27
Also, is he mentioned anywhere after in tanach?
(him, not his descendants)
Comment: A quick search of Tanakh will show you the word Yitro isn't mentioned again in Tanakh
Comment: But his other names are
Comment: @Shlomy Perhaps, if he had other names. Same for everyone else in Tanakh.
Answer: He obviously returned to the Midbar later on because he is mentioned again in BaMidbar (Numbers) 10:29
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר משֶׁ֗ה לְ֠חֹבָ֠ב בֶּן־רְעוּאֵ֣ל הַמִּדְיָנִי֘ חֹתֵ֣ן משֶׁה֒
נֹֽסְעִ֣ים אֲנַ֗חְנוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֣ר 'ה
Moses said to Chovov the son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses's father-in-law, We are traveling to the place about which Hashem said
The Pesukim continue with  Yisro saying that he want to return to  Midyan. Moshe asks him to remain with them in them in the Midbar . The Ramban(ibid) based on the Yerushalmai in Bikkurim says that he stayed with them and went with them to Eretz Yisroel.
In Shoftim 1:16 there is a reference to his descendants living with the Jews in Eretz Yisroel
Comment: He asked about Yisro and you answered with a verse about Chovav. What in the world is "obvious" here?
Comment: And I'm obviously Donald Trump...
Comment: Because "Chovov the son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses's father-in-law", is obviously Yisro
Comment: Is Reuel Moshe's father in law? Or is Reuel's son Chovav the father in law? How many fathers in law did Moshe have?  I can say pretty objectively none of those answers are obvious, so please also include how you know. Plus this is Judaism so surely all those answers are subject to machloket
Answer: There are a few different opinions. In the pesukim, it says ויחד which Rashi interprets as he left to Midyan, converted them to Judaism, and I guess lived out the rest of his days there.
Next, there's actually an argument over what happened first; Matan Torah or the story of Yisro. I won't outline all the arguments, but basically according to Ramban I believe, Yisro came after Milchemet Amalek to Bnei Yisroel and then went with them to Har Sinai to experience Matan Torah with them and help them understand the Torah.

What happened to Yisro?


Alter Vs. change (alterations Vs. changes)

Question: Iv'e noticed based on the dictionary that the words "to change" and "to alter" (=alterations and changes) are interchangeable. My distinguishing is correct? Are there cases which they are not interchangeable when we are talking about changes? or maybe for English native speakers one of them is mainly in use in specific area?
Comment: There are distinctions in some contexts. To *change one's trousers* and to *alter one's trousers* mean two entirely different things.
Answer: According to the Cambridge dictionary, change has six meanings, and alter has only  two - and one of them is so rare that I have never heard it used. Only a third of one definition of change (BECOME DIFFERENT) corresponds to the alter meaning.
Within this meaning (to make or become different), both change and alter can in principle be used transitively (something is changed by an external influence) or intransitively (something changes on its own), however alter is almost always used transitively

We've had to alter some of our plans  - transitive

Whereas change sounds equally good transitively and intransitively.

We've had to change some of our plans - transitive
  The city has changed a lot over the years - intransitive.

change can apply to anything from the tiniest tweak to a complete overhaul or replacement, whereas alter is used only about small changes.
Answer: "Changes" is the more general term of the two. You can experience certain "changes in your life",  but not "alterations to your life".
The word "alteration" has the connotation of external interference, of an outside agent doing something to bring about modifications. Change is something that can happen on its own.
E. g., you can say,

"I've changed a lot since my college years."

But "I've been altered" would imply that you have been abducted by aliens and they have performed some kind of surgeries or a mental/telepathical intervention, and because of that, your body or mind started functioning and/or reacting in abnormal ways.
So "alter" always has this air of artificialness and external intent about it, while "changes" can be completely natural and accidental. Also, "alter" has connotations of abnormality, which is why an umbrella medical term for mental problems is

altered mental status.

Or there can be "alterations of the human gut microbiome".
Another difference between "alter" and "change" in those cases where both can be used is that "altering" implies changing some minor specific things about something, while "change" would be all-encompassing.
For example,

"If it were to rain on our wedding day, alterations to our plan were possible..." (source).

This would mean that some parts of the wedding would be modified, but there would be no major changes ("major alterations" sounds a bit odd).
On the other hand,

"There has been a change in plans..."

can mean that the plan has changed completely (e. g., instead of going on vacation to Paris you decide to go to Bali, or to stay home entirely).
Answer: "Syn. -- Change, Alter. Change is generic and the stronger term. It may express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in place of another; alter commonly expresses a partial change, or a change in form or details without destroying identity."
from Webster 1913's version
enter link description here


How to study for the GRE exam? (e.g.memorizing 3500 words, Math problems, AWA)

Question: I am so worried about the GRE exam! I have not any experience about it, but need to take it in order to do my PhD in the USA. So far I prepared a vocabulary notebook and wrote the definitions of 3500 words. Now, I am thinking of how to memorize those words in a short time. Moreover, I need to study for the Math and analytical writing sections.
Comment: What field are you applying in? Depending on the field, the different scores may be weighted differently, and so you might want to focus your efforts on the section(s) that will matter most for getting accepted.
Comment: While this is off-topic, anyone who wants to prepare for the GRE should *first* go directly to the GRE source and use their free materials, especially POWERPREP software: https://www.ets.org/gre/revised_general/prepare/powerprep/ You can take a test for free, simulating your own test environment, and it will even give you an estimated score (not counting written/verbal) which is quite reliably close to the score you'd actually get if you had taken the GRE that day. You can then decide how to focus your prep from there.
Comment: running the risk of being perceived as self-advertising, [my deck](https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/1346912511) seems to have a high receive from users who learn the GRE test. So far it is the top result if you search for `gre anki`, and on average it has 10 downloads each day.
Answer: I highly recommend Magoosh. I used their vocabulary app while I was walking around campus for a couple months and by the time the exam came I was thoroughly prepared. They also have a pay-for-service learning course which is good to review the material you've forgotten since high school. I am a fairly math oriented person going into the life sciences so I did not do too much of the math portion of Magoosh but the writing section was fairly useful and the english section was great. Knock 'em Dead!
Comment: [Magoosh GRE prep](https://www.techpoweredmath.com/magoosh-gre-gmat-review/) is particularly useful if you are looking to do a self-paced, self-study program. They don't currently offer live instruction like some of their competitors, but they also are quite a bit cheaper than Princeton Review or Kaplan. They also offer a free iOS and Android apps for practicing GRE vocabulary words.
Answer: For the vocab you could  download this flashcard deck https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/2430987595 and the software anki. It's a spaced repetition software with a little bit of a learning curve, but once you get it down it is highly effective. Or you could search memrise for a few gre decks.
I just bought a GRE workbook. I have yet to crack it open, so i cant review it. But it has a lot of quanatative questions that mimic the GRE. So a work book and some flashcard software would be your best bet.
Good luck!


How to understand a solenoid?

Question: Consider the invertible extension of the circle-doubling map $T(x)=2x \pmod 1$, the new system can be represented as $X=\{(x_k)\  | \ x_{k+1}=T(x_k)\}$ (see GTM 259 M. Eindiedler & T. Ward Exercise 2.1.9) dynamically. Another representation can be described algebraically (see also GTM259 2.1.9) as the quotient of $\mathbb{R}×\mathbb{Q}_2$. A third representation may be the dual of 2-adic rational field. My question is how to image it intuitively?
Comment: Probably the best thing is to think about it in $2$-adic expansion, as two-sided sequences with prescribed "right tails" (which comes from the original one-sided $\times 2$ system), in the proper inverse limit construction. As the topology or shape, the fibers of this extension over the one-sided system are compact, so you don't lose much dealing with that system instead of the one-sided one. I think you might want to look also in Schmidt's book - Dynamical Systems of Algebraic Origin.
Comment: I see the natural way of extension as just some way of adding data to a point so that you can see where you came from. If you're doing things like the Birkhoff ergodic theorem, averaging a function that "doesn't depend on the past data", you get exactly the same conclusions you did before.
Comment: In the paper
MR1307296  Hubbard, John H.; Oberste-Vorth, Ralph W.: Hénon mappings in the complex domain. I. The global topology of dynamical space. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. No. 79 (1994), 5–46, there is an exhaustive discussion of solenoidal mappings. The intuition behind them is that derivatives of such mappings preserve certain families of cones and are expanding/contracting in specific directions.
Answer: You can visualize a solenoid as part of a simple 3D dynamical system. The Wikipedia page on solenoids has excellent illustrations. If you want something even more concrete, and have some "Silly Putty" handy, you can make your own solenoid by repeating the process shown in this picture. After a few repetitions, if you're careful, you'll be holding a decent approximation to a solenoid.
Answer: In my opinion, the best way to understand the solenoid intuitively is using nested intersections.
Let $\mathbb{T}_3 \overset{def}{=} D^2 \times S^1$ where $S^1 = [0,1] \mod 1$ and $D^2 = \{z \in \mathbb{C} \mid \left|z\right| < 1\}$. Consider $f:\mathbb{T}_3 \to \mathbb{T}_3$ given by $$f(z,\theta) = (\dfrac{1}{10}z + \dfrac{1}{2}e^{i \theta},2\theta \mod 1).$$
Note that $f$ is well defined because $$\left| \dfrac{z}{10} + \dfrac{1}{2}e^{i \theta}\right| \leq \left|\dfrac{z}{10}\right| + \dfrac{1}{2}\left|e^{i\theta}\right| \leq \dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{10} \leq 1.$$ Actually this implies that $f(\overline{\mathbb{T}_3}) \subset \mathrm{int} \mbox{ } \mathbb{T}_3$.
This map gives you an extension of $2x \mod 1$. Then the solenoid is the nested intersection $\Lambda = \mathop{\bigcap}\limits_{n=0}^\infty f^n(\mathbb{T}_3)$, which is the attractor of the dynamical system $(\mathbb{T}_3, f)$. Moreover $\Lambda$ is the set where $f$ is bijective. Observe that  you have a contraction in one direction and expansion in the other. Actually the map acts in the following way: Note $S^1$ spins twice inside $\mathbb{T}_3$, and the discs $D^2 \times \{\theta\}$ go to $D^2 \times \{2\theta\}$, i.e.: $$f(D^2 \times \{\theta\}) \subset D^2 \times \{2\theta\}.$$
Here you can see some pictures: http://www.matcuer.unam.mx/~aubin/vista/index4.html
This book can be illustrative as well: C. Christenson and W. Voxman, Aspects of topology. 2nd Edition, BSC Associates, Moscow, Idaho, USA, 1988, pp. 167-170. Also, it contains the inverse limit construction that @Asaf mentioned.
Comment: Yes, the generalisation $\times n$ is easy. You just need to consider $n \theta \mod 1$ and there you go. Also, you can consider any $\lambda \in (0,1)$ instead of $\frac{1}{10}$.

Possibly, the algebraic construction is more flexible and natural, but I think that it is harder to visualise.
Comment: Oh this is a nice construction, I haven't seen it until now. I'm guessing that the $\times n$ generalization should be obvious right?

I still find the algebraic construction more flexible and natural, mainly because it turns out naturally from harmonic analysis (think about the dual group of $\mathbb{Q}$ with the adeles for example, or just try to find a fundamental domain for the $\times 2$ diagonal action on $\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{Q}_{2} \backslash \mathbb{Z}[1/2]$).

This adelic language is indeed confusing at start, but it pays to learn it in the long run.

How to understand a solenoid?


In Tiny Tower can a Bitizen have a skill level of 9 in all 5 categories?

Question: I wonder if anyone has seen any Bitizen that has a skill level of 9 in all 5 categories. I've only seen some have three 9s, but never more than that.
Answer: Their skill levels are given at random so it is definitely possible. Personally I've never seen one because it is rare, but I have seen someone with 0 skill in all 5 categories. I was tempted to keep the guy because it was so absurd
Answer: I've never seen it but as the other answer said it is possible, I have a bitizen with three nines and two ones and another with three nines and two zeros.


What to do with old 32 bit desktops

Question: So I have two old 32-bit desktops from the early 2000s (I think one had XP and the other win 95). I have since updated them to now obsolete versions of Ubuntu.  With everything now 64-bit and since they are not compatible with the newest OS (to include the latest of Ubuntu), any good homelab or IoT ideas for them, or is it time to finally recycle them?
Comment: You mah want to ask your favorite computer history museum if for any reason they would be interested. Other than that, just the power draw of such computers makes them a pretty uninteresting proposition IMHO. Not to mention their size and sometimes the noise they make.
Answer: Given that those computers are a security risk and are less power efficient than say, 2015 computers that I can buy at a goodwill store for $50, I recycled mine a while ago. Also glad that I did not have to invest time into keeping them going.
Unless you have something specific that is of huge sentimental value with that machine, feel free to recycle. See: Does it bring you joy ?
If you want a small amount of computing power to do something, consider a raspberry Pi.

What to do with old 32 bit desktops


What if there are two paths connecting to the gold in Saboteur 2?

Question: Let's say a blue dwarf makes the final connection to the gold. However, there are two paths that one could take to get from the ladder to the gold. One of these paths has a blue door, one of them has no doors. Obviously the blue dwarf would prefer to use the path with the door, so does the player who makes the final connection get to choose what path to use? Or does it go by shortest path to the gold? Basically, what are the rules to determine what path counts as the "final path"?
Answer: There's no such concept. The following are the win conditions for the red and blue teams from the rules:

A team wins if a dwarf from that team creates the connection to the treasure and the way there
isn't blocked by a door of the other color.
A team wins if a dwarf from the other team creates the connection to the treasure, but the way there for his or her own team is blocked by a door of the wrong color.
Both teams win if The Boss, The Geologist or The Profiteer creates the connection to the gold and the way there isn't blocked by a door of the other color.

A dwarf from the blue team created the connection, and there is a path that's not blocked by a red door, so the blue team wins, and the red team does not. That's it.
The only way the red team can win if a dwarf from the blue team creates the connection is if the blue team can't win (i.e. every path is blocked by red doors).
Comment: You're still assuming everyone uses a single path. As I already mentioned, there's no such concept. Blue team wins because the Boss or the Profiteer created the connection, and the way there isn't blocked by a red door. Red team wins because the Boss or the Profiteer created the connection, and the way there isn't blocked by a blue door. Nothing says they have to be the same way (path).
Comment: The Boss is better off if a Green or Blue dwarf creates the connection than if he creates it himself, as it cuts down on the number of winners. Same goes for the Profiteer and the Geologist.
Comment: OK so if there are >1 possible paths at end game, and at least one of them gives the winning player a victory, then his team wins. Your last bullet brings up a follow question though: If the boss or profiteer makes the connection, and there are two connecting paths: one with a door, and one without a door, which path gets used? It seems to me the best path for the boss/profiteer would be the one with the door, because it gives them a better chance of splitting the gold with less people...but that is a little counter intuitive.
Comment: I'm going to leave open for a few days just in case someone has a rebuttal, then I will pick an answer.
Comment: What rebuttal? For any dwarf who cares about reaching the treasure, they join in the win if there is a path they can take from the start point to the treasure, and that path was created by someone on their team (or the Boss/Geologist/Profiteer).
Comment: @ConMan, or if the path was created by someone on the opposing team and the opposing team can't win. (Second bullet in my answer.)
Comment: Ah yes, good point. But I completely agree with your ruling.


Network redirect issues

Question: I've searched WP Dev Stackexchange for this, but none of the questions posted seems to have a solution for this.
I've created a network in WP (4.8). I've added the following settings to w-config.php:
define( 'WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true );
define('MULTISITE', true);
define('SUBDOMAIN_INSTALL', false);
define('DOMAIN_CURRENT_SITE', $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']);
define('PATH_CURRENT_SITE', '/');
define('SITE_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1);
define('BLOG_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1);
define('ADMIN_COOKIE_PATH', '/');
define('COOKIE_DOMAIN', '');
define('COOKIEPATH', '');
define('SITECOOKIEPATH', '');

And this to the .htacess-file:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]

# add a trailing slash to /wp-admin
RewriteRule ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+/)?wp-admin$ $1wp-admin/ [R=301,L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d
RewriteRule ^ - [L]
RewriteRule ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+/)?(wp-(content|admin|includes).*) $2 [L]
RewriteRule ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+/)?(.*\.php)$ $2 [L]
RewriteRule . index.php [L]

All plugins and the theme are activated on network level.
When I try to enter the dashboard of the original site (located in "/") everything is fine, the theme and plugins activated in the network are working as expected.
When I try to visit either of the two other sites created in the network the theme is not set (just the standard WP theme). The site prefix breaks all links to plugins and theme. When I try to login to the dashboard I get a 302 and "Too many redirects".
Answer: Oh, thess lines are not supposed to be present in the htaccess-file if using subdomains:
# add a trailing slash to /wp-admin
RewriteRule ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+/)?wp-admin$ $1wp-admin/ [R=301,L]

Network redirect issues


MySQL INSERT SELECT. Ordering insert by count but don't actually insert the count number

Question: Sorry for the ridiculous title!
Is it possible to run a MySQL INSERT SELECT query where the 'SELECT' portion includes a COUNT() function (to benefit from a HAVING clause) -- this creates an unmatching column count on the INSERT portion.
For example:
INSERT INTO my_log (user_id, date_finished)
SELECT COUNT(id) AS count, user_id, '2011-05-31 00:00:00'
FROM assignments WHERE assignment_type = 10
GROUP BY user_id
HAVING count >=10

I want to insert into the TABLE my_log a date for users who've completed 10 assignments of the type 10. In reality I'm expanding on this slightly so it's important I use the COUNT and HAVING to find only users who have completed 10 or more assignments.  But my problem remains that I'm trying to insert 3 columns into a declared 2 columns because of the COUNT() function, so I'm looking for a way to benefit from the COUNT but not return it in my data set / considered in the insertion.
Thanks for any help :)
Answer: Try with:
INSERT INTO my_log ( user_id, date_finished)
SELECT user_id, '2011-05-31 00:00:00'
FROM assignments WHERE assignment_type = 10
GROUP BY user_id
HAVING ( COUNT(id) ) >=10


Where can I download vulnerable Windows OS images to practice penetration testing?

Question: My objective is to learn and practice all the vulnerabilities and their exploitation on vulnerable OS.
Comment: I'm voting to close this question because since this was asked, the community standards have changed to avoid asking "where can I get X?" type questions. Also, the top answers include dead links, which is a reason why this type of question does not age well.
Answer: Check out NIST's FDCC (Federal Desktop Core Configuration). They offer Windows XP and Vista downloads.
http://nvd.nist.gov/fdcc/download_fdcc.cfm [mod note: link is dead]
Comment: Ah, those are also 120 day trial versions, which is how NIST get away with it! They've also been hardened, so not a great choice if you're looking for vulnerability examples. However, seeing those makes me suspect that you might be able to get hold of Microsoft's older OS trial versions if you look around microsoft.com enough.
Comment: @GrahamHill **However** they do tell you all the hardening work and you can roll it back.
Comment: Ummm, wow.  Not sure how they get away with giving those out.  Also note that these *may* be at least partially patched.  The VHDs were created well after the release of their OS's.  Best bet to get a system in a known configuration is to build it yourself - get TechNet.
Answer: Rapid7's Metasploitable3 is a great resource and is intended to provide you with vulnerable Windows machines you can exploit with tools such as Metasploit (I recommend also trying to exploit these using other more manual means as well).
You may also be interested in DetectionLab which is a small Windows Active Directory lab that focuses more on defense but can be used as an overall red/blue team playground with more modern operating systems.
Both contain well-documented instructions on setup.
Answer: Not sure why everyone is saying there is no way to get free licensed Windows versions, since Microsoft provides VM Appliances expressly for security and dev testing purposes at https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/vms/ They currently have 90 day licensed versions of Win 7 through 10, all of which have unpatched vulnerabilities to exploit.  Simply save a snapshot after activating so that you can restore it when the license expires.  Before anyone questions the legality here, see Microsoft's instructions regarding extending the 90 day licenses, "These virtual machines expire after 90 days. We recommend setting a snapshot when you first install the virtual machine which you can roll back to later. "
Comment: A 90-day license means that it is not free... Other answers have already dealt with time-restricted licenses.
Comment: Free is free.  OP specifically asks for vulnerable windows images to use in a testing environment.  They're absolutely free for 90 days, and then you rearm, load the saved snapshot, or reinstall for another 90 days.  Rinse, repeat.  And that's all that's needed in a test machine.  OP did not ask for unrestricted licenses.


Find the number of real roots of the polynomial

Question: Find the number of real roots of the polynomial $$f(x)=x^5+x^3-2x+1$$
If I use Descarte's Rule then I get $$f(x)=x^5+x^3-2x+1$$ there can't be more than two positive real roots.
Again $$f(-x)=-x^5-x^3+2x+1$$ there can't be more than one negative real root.
Answer: It's obvious there is one negative real root, because the graph goes through $(0,1)$, and the end behavior of the graph is down on the left hand side.
Of the remaining four roots, at least two and at most four are complex (because complex roots come in pairs.)
The derivative shows that the only positive real local minimum occurs at $x=\sqrt{0.4}$, but checking this in the equation shows that it is still above the $x$ axis. So the graph does not cross the x-axis on the positive real numbers, and the remaining four roots are complex.
Comment: Can you explain why there is four complex roots not two ?
Comment: Sure, and you also alerted me to an oversight I made. Luckily it doesn't change the outcome. The strategy I used was to look for the local minima on the positive numbers, and use that with the fact the graph goes up forever on the right. From the derivative you can conclude there is only one local minimum over the positive numbers, and it occurs above the x-axis. Clearly it's impossible that the graph dips below the x-axis, because it would eventually have to turn around and go up, creating a minimum with a negative y coordinate.


Interview : Is it possible to host ASP.NET Web Service in Tomcat?

Question: Interviewer asked to me, whether we use Tomcat for ASP.NET or not?? Since, I never tried or I would say, I never think about it. So, anyone please tell me, whether it is possible ?? If yes, then how??
Answer: You can't really host ASP.NET files in Tomcat. Well... you could probably theoretically write tons of plugins, but I doubt anyone ever explored that beyond theoretical exercises.
What you can do is forward the requests for ASPX files from Tomcat to IIS. So if the browser requests index.jsp, that request is handled by Tomcat. And if a browser requests default.aspx that if forwarded by Tomat to IIS and server by an ASP.NET web site there. This is typically known as hosting an ASP.NET web site behind Tomcat.
But the inverse (hosting a JSP web site behind IIS) is a lot more common, since that way you can let IIS handle the authentication parts - which it is quite good at. The official page for that connection is here, but there are many other sites dedicated to the topic.
Answer: Well, never say never :)
There is an open source effort "Mono" that aims to provide support for running .NET apps on machines that don't have IIS capabilities on them. Please refer this article for more details http://www.mono-project.com/Main_Page


Which factory reset should I use?

Question: I have the motorola droid 3 and it can be factory reset from either the settings menu or the recovery menu. What is the difference between the two?
Answer: Results should be the same, so you can use either.
The item in the recovery menu you could count as a "backup switch": How else could you reset a device which refuses to completely boot up? That would otherwise be a "vicious circle": In order to boot up you'd neet to factory-reset – but in order to factory-reset, you'd need to boot up. So with the recovery menu, you've got a "reserve switch" for cases like that.
The switch in settings, on the other hand, is easier to find for "novice users" not aware of those "Vulcan nerve pinches" (or "three finger salutes", whatever you prefer) to boot the device into "special modes".
Answer: If you wanted a complete out-of-the-box experience, i would suggest using the factory reset option in the boot menu. This can be accessed like so; With the device powered off, press volume up and down and the power button all at the same time. Then using the volume down key to scroll down to the factory reset option and select using the volume up button. BE AWARE: This method will erase all personal storage and the sd card, back up data and remove the sd card before starting this process
Comment: There is no boot menu in Android. Are you referring to recovery options? Second, ever since Android 5 this out-of-the-box experience cannot be replicated because of factory reset protection. On first screen the system would demand last Google account to setup the device. That breaks out of the box experience. Besides, factory reset, when it comes to deleting user data, works the same way, whether done using Settings app or recovery.

Which factory reset should I use?


Wordpress Order Custom Taxonomy

Question: We have a custom taxonomy called Byline that is created via More Taxonomies Plugin.
The Problem is after we save the post the Byline in case of multiple byline example (  C. Reporter, B. Reporter, A. Reporter )
it became (A Reporter, B Reporter, C Reporter) which we have issues with the order of names.
I check the wp_term_relationships and I found the field term_order but it wasn't being populated and even
if i save the taxonomy one by one it's automatically sorted by term_taxonomy_id.
I use the function get_the_term_list( $post->ID, 'byline', '', ', ', '' ); in calling the taxonomy.
Is there a way i can populate the term_order during post or update.
Thanks
Answer: term_order is currently only used by galleries and afaik there are no plans to extend on this.
There is an entry in the trac, with example code on how to use it for taxonomies.

Wordpress Order Custom Taxonomy


How many problem statements should I create?

Question: I'm learning UX design, I've decided to start my first project and right now and in the define stage. But I've got a doubt. How many problem statements should I create?
In the empathize stage I've identified 2 group of users, so I developed 2 personas, should I create a problem statement for each persona?
Comment: there's no limit to how many problem statements you need to have per persona. but maybe you should 1st identify the problems and then analyse if these problems are pointing to a major problem or root cause. solving this could potentially address the rest of the issues.
Answer: There isn't a specific number of prob statements,you could Write 10 prob statement for each persona but which prob do you tackle first then? That is the key. Which one are they actually trying to solve? If they are actively trying to solve 3,tackle the Most doable. So Write as many as you want for practice but then choose.


How to create a PHP SOAP Client for calling a WCF Web service under SSL?

Question: We have a WCF service under an SSL Web Server installed in IIS. The web service was created with .NET 3.5 and WCF 3.0. We can access it with a .NET 3.5 client without problems.
Let's call the URL where the service is published something like:
https://my-server.com/testservice.svc?wsdl
We need to make a proof of concept to check if it's possible to access it with a PHP client. I've tried to use NuSOAP or the standard SoapClient of PHP but in both cases i get an exception. Here is my code:
<code><?php
  $wsdl = 'https://my-server.com/testservice.svc?wsdl';
  $client = new SoapClient($wsdl);
?>
</code>
It returns me an exception with this message:

Error:sendSms: SoapFault exception: [WSDL] SOAP-ERROR: Parsing Schema: can't import schema from 'https://my-server.com/testservice.svc?wsdl' in C:\localhost\test.php:5 Stack trace: #0 C:\localhost\test.php(5): SoapClient->SoapClient('https://my-serv...') #1 {main} "

Any ideas? What am I doing wrong?
Answer: http://weblogs.asp.net/gunnarpeipman/archive/2007/09/17/using-wcf-services-with-php.aspx
I am currently investigating this as well, hopefully this helps you
Answer: everything looks correct and it seems like it would work, certainly that is the point of SOAP to be able to make calls from other languages.
Maybe try using NuSoap or PEAR Soap_Client so you can set a break-point or just dump the raw output from the server?  If the server is returning an error, that might give you some clues.  If the server seems to be outputting valid SOAP response, it maybe could be that your web service has some complex object types for args or return values that causes PHP to choke?
Answer: According to this question you must grant access rights to the IIS_IUSERS for the directory 'C:/Windows/Temp'.
Answer: Late to the party here, but make sure when you set up the WCF service with AddServiceEndpoint, you are using BasicHttpBinding not WebHttpBinding.


How much RAM does a basic installation need?

Question: I am looking to downgrade from a dedicated to a VPS server (several, to spread it out) and was wondering if 512MB will do? I have Boost with all core caching enabled, and mostly anonymous traffic.
Comment: What do you have now and how is your site performing? How big is your site in terms of content and usage/traffic?
Comment: I would consider horizontal scaling - if you plan on having several VPSs, then try to assign each one their role (in your case that could be DB, Apache, Static webserver) and that way you can host quite a few websites. Otherwise, if you leave everything on 1 server (incl. database) you may easily run into bottlenecks with lower RAM.
Comment: By size you mean DB size? How does it influence RAM consumption? Would love to have some data, like with 40 nodes a basic drupal needs X ram, with 40 000 a basic drupal needs Y ram.
I have lots of small sites with 20-30 nodes, and some bigger ones (one with 40 000). They all use Boost with negligible logged in users.
Answer: It depends on a number of factors:

What contrib modules are you using? The bare minimum Drupal needs to run is 32 MB, but that truly is the bare minimum. Contrib modules and doing anything moderately complex with code will increase your memory requirements. While you're using Boost which is great, you still need to generate the cache, which requires RAM. But unless you're doing something really intensive, I've found you can generally be fine with 128 MB for PHP.
What web server are you running, and what type of load are you expecting? If you're running Apache with its default settings, it'll eat up a lot of memory: generally 128 MB or more. Optimizing your Apache environment or switching to a less memory-intensive server will free up more memory, but it's up to you if that's something that's possible.
Are you running your database on the same server? MySQL has its own memory requirements, and you'll find it takes up the bulk of a shared server's memory. You'll bump up to the memory limit on a small VPS pretty fast, especially if you're running InnoDB or have a large site. The general recommendation is somewhere between 70-80% of RAM should be allocated to MySQL running InnoDB, which is ~360 MB on a 512 MB instance: not a lot of room for PHP and Apache (or anything else).
Are you running any other service on the same server? If you're running Memecached, Varnish, APC, Jenkins, or any other service common to a Drupal environment, they all take up memory, and in many cases, a lot of memory.

If you're running a small Drupal site with an optimized Apache configuration, database on its own server, and no other service, I've found 256 MB to be the bare minimum. 512 MB is okay, not great, if you need to run the database on the same server and want to enable APC, but you still be looking for ways to save RAM.
I personally run the database, caching, and continuous integration services on other servers and use a Micro EC2 instance (613 MB RAM) for most Drupal installations I do. But I'll bump that up to a Small instance (1.7 GB, overkill, but there's nothing in between) if the site's going to get a lot of traffic.


Is there a human readable strace alternative?

Question: I want to know what files a process accesses. strace can provide me with that information, but the output of strace is rather "raw". Is there anything that provides similar functionality, but in a more human readable fashion (i.e. filter out libraries, highlight files in the $HOME directory, provide statistics on how often stuff is accessed, etc.)?
Answer: A guy called Ole Tange coded the tool that you're describing. Take a look here https://gitlab.com/ole.tange/tangetools/tree/master/tracefile. The tracefile is essentially a shell script, so make it executable and run it. The .pod file is a manual that describes how to use it.
Answer: fatrace
Install the fatrace package:
sudo apt install fatrace

NAME
         fatrace - report system wide file access events
SYNOPSIS
         fatrace [ OPTIONS ]
DESCRIPTION
         fatrace reports file access events from all running processes.
It does not report file access by fatrace itself, to avoid logging events caused by writing the output into a file. It also
  ignores events on virtual and kernel file systems such as sysfs, proc,
  and devtmpfs.
Its main purpose is to find processes which keep waking up the disk unnecessarily and thus prevent some power saving.
By default, events are reported to stdout. This will cause some loops if you run this tool in e. g. gnome-terminal, as this causes a
  disk access for every output line. To avoid this, redirect the output
  into a file.
OUTPUT FORMAT
     A typical event looks like
   rsyslogd(875): W /var/log/auth.log
   compiz(1971): O device 8:2 inode 658203

The line has the following fields:

Process name. This is read from /proc/pid/comm, and might be abbreviated for long process names.
Process ID
Event type: Open, Read, Write, or Close. Combinations are possible, such as CW for closing a written file.
Affected file. In some cases the path and name cannot be determined, e. g.  because it is a temporary file which is already
  deleted. In that case, it prints the devices' major and minor number
  and the inode number. To examine such a process in more detail, you
  should consider using strace(1).

If you specify the --timestamp option, the first field will be the current time.


How many possible colors in CMYK?

Question: I have been looking for maximum possible colors in CMYK over internet, but all I Got it was RGB possible color 256^3.
Comment: Watch an old offset litho press running up the first 100 sheets to know the answer is "infinite".
Comment: Your estimate for RGB is only because you assume 256 values per channel -- an artificial constraint. The *model* does not care about byte values. Proof: there is such a thing as "16-bit RGB", with a much larger range.
Comment: Are you asking how many colors can be specified in CMYK (theoretical colors, we could call them) or how many can be physically rendered as distinguishable colors? For that, there's no way to answer w/o knowing the entire output process, start to finish, the output medium and the color perspicacity of the person doing the evaluating.
Answer: That is entirely dependent on the device doing the output of your CMYK color. Just like the monitor affects how many colors it can display (many highend monitors can display 1024^3 color combinations, some more, but many cheapo monitors can only reach 128^3, professional digital cameras typically store 4096^3)
So it's not correct to say RGB can do a maximum of 256^3 colors. 8-bits per pixel color can make that many unique color combinations, but many editors can work in 16 bits per channel (for 65536^3) or even 32-bit float is common in VFX (2^64^3).
Now how many colors can a printer make? Well that is either a stupefyingly simple question, or a horribly complicated one.
If it's a laser, press… But not an inkjet then the easy answer is:

A 4 color printer can make 4 colors.

The hard answer is:

A 4 color printer can make 4 colors but it can mix an area with different colors. A bit like dithering on computer displays. So how many colors it can display is dependent on the size of the raster screen. The raster screen is technically user configurable, so you can adjust how many color mixtures it can make.

On an inkjet and other exotic device, things are different.
How many CMYK-colors can the RGB-display show? Well that also depends on what device you're emulating. But fewer than it can show RGB values.
Comment: Since the OP is trying to draw a comparison (flawed as it may be) to the 8-bit RGB's  `256^3` possible color values, would it make sense to say CMYK's equivalent would be `100^3` **but** the average process is capable of reproducing significantly less? And what would that figure be? According to [this source](https://oneilprint.com/cmyk-color-process/) it can produce `over 16,000 different color combinations` but I can't seem to find any more references to back this up.
Comment: @dev it has no set value, I the operator/designer/user can adjust this as much as i want. I can get more intermediate colors or less its just depends on how i make the artwork and/or what kind of RIP engine i have. The reason you can not find a definitive answer is simply that there isnt one. The question makes little sense, even. I dont need to have same setting for the whole page.
Comment: Can you share an example on how a designer might `adjust it as much as they want`? A mathematician would tell you that picking a number from 0 to 100 over 4 channels would give you a total number of *exactly* `101^4` possible combinations (if we treat K as a primary) so surely there has to be a (non-infinite) upper bound.
Comment: @dev its a question of how big raster you chose. A print does not operate on a pixel a individual dot only has 10-12 possible variations. But a dot is small smaller than a pixel so you consider multiple dots as one element since they are not individually visible. This group is called a raster. now how many conbinations you can get is only bounded by the size of your raster. Since you can make a binary image manually that has exact device dots and make a arbitrarily large raster. Typically this raster is ten by ten or twelve by twelve  but it can be larger. Also known as LPI
Comment: Also on a inkjet you can vary dot size, and usually have 8-10 inks... So it really depends on a lot of factors. I mean our sublimation printer when transfered on aluminium looks like a hight end tablet quality in well lit conditions. Bith in color range and levels.
Comment: How big can one raster be? It depends on your device, devices dot size, how far a user is from the image. Also what the quality of your ink is, practically how bright they are.
Answer: 104 060 401 (101C x 101M x 101Y x 101K) colours are theoretically possible if you consider every channel in a CMYK file can have one of 101 values (1 - 100 colour values + 1 zero colour value).
Comment: This is an oversimplification, because in modern print systems you actually use an 8-bit scale per channel, so you can have 256 per channel. But yes, it is one way to answer, although you normally do not print 400% ink, you have dot gain, etc.
Answer: While you can try to calculate an amount of distinctive colors in CMYK, it wouldn't make much sense.
In RGB colors are mixed in an additive color mix, which means every RGB value results in a unique color value. In 8-bit Black is R=0, G=0, B=0. All colors together add up to white (R=255, G=255, B=255).
CMYK colors work very differently, in a model called subtractive color. In theory Cyan, Magenta and Yellow add up to black, which in reality would give something dark brownish. So Black (aka K) is added as helper, also to reduce buildup of color that would smear and also take too long to dry. CMYK colors are intended for a printing process with translucent inks like in offset printing or inkjet/giclée. Software like Photoshop tries to simulate the CMYK output on a computer screen (which itself works in additive color mode), but there are many other factors (like the paper) that will have an impact on the result.
CMYK is very limited compared to RBG and the difference is not easily explained by values like number of possible colors. Some colors work very well in CMYK, some won't - which is due to the fact that lighter colors are achieved through a screen grid, so lighter colors basically loose their brilliance. Some inkjet printers use light-cyan and light-magenta to compensate for this.
On a computer screen every color that has a K-value of 100% would be black. In a printing process you could achieve different rich blacks by combining black with the other colours, so the actual color range also depends on the output medium.

How many possible colors in CMYK?


Understanding the bond-line representation of glycine

Question: I'm confused because I see now two different way to represent the glycine amino acid. while I understand the first way of the representation the second one I don't understand at all. I believe that both represent the same amino acid but I see that some of the componenets are absent in the second way (no COOH and no carbon). I would like to know the explanation or simple instruction for understand and correct reading of such diagrams.
This is the first and the simplest way:

And this is the second (and non-understandable) way:
Comment: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_formula
Comment: See also [*Graphical Representation Standards for Chemical Structure Diagrams* (IUPAC Recommendations 2008)](http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880020277). These recommendations mainly describe the second case; however, the first case is also mentioned in Section GR-13 _Linear Drawing Style_.
Comment: Thank you. I think that you considered that one: https://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2008/pdf/8002x0277.pdf but it's very long... I hope to find a shorter way to study these chemical diagrams. I always become curious  to understand them.
Answer: There are different ways to represent chemical structures. The first one is called structural formula, in this case we write down every atom and lines between them for every bond. This is usually the first thing you learn, since it makes understanding the formula very easy.
The second one is called skeletal formula and this is the one commonly used by chemists. In this formula we just draw the "carbon skeleton" of the structure with lines. Each corner (or end of line) represents a carbon atom, unless there's a symbol for another atom. We leave away the hydrogens, because it's clear how many of those are on each carbon if you look at the number of bonds drawn from the carbon.
In addition there are several other representations, like Lewis Dot structures.
So yes, both structures represent the same molecule.
Let's look at the second one starting from the left

we got a NH2 group here just like in Figure one
from that we got one bond to a corner, so there's a carbon
from this carbon we got a total of two bonds (one to the left were we came from, one to the right) and we know carbon usually has 4 bonds, so there are two hydrogens there, just like for the green carbon in the first figure.
now we go further to the right, there's one corner, so another carbon.
this carbon has one bond to the left, two to the oxygen above it (a double bond) and one to the oxygen on the right. So a total of 4 bonds, no hydrogen here.
Then there's the double bonded Oxygen to the top and an OH to the right, this whole part, the carbon + double bonded oxygen + OH is the "COOH" group
Comment: Thank you for your answer, but I'm not sure that I understood it. Is there a way that I can comment to you with a picture? (in that way I can upload the 2nd diagram and to put the 'missed' atoms in  the place that they are supposed to be, and then I can be sure that I understood)
Comment: You can just edit your post and add this to the bottom of it.
Comment: Ok I got it after I saw Patrick's answer. Thank you:)
Answer: The second structure is a common way chemists use to draw molecules because it is simpler and faster to draw - by omitting the labeling of "C" for carbon atoms and "H" for hydrogen atoms on carbon. Hydrogens on heteroatoms (Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, etc...) are explicitly stated
Instead of explicitly labeling the carbon atom, a carbon atom is represented by a "bend" or a "stick" where its valence is fulfilled by remaining hydrogens.

Another example is in the structure of another amino acid, Alanine. You can see that none of the carbons with hydrogens attached are not labeled and each carbon is either at the end of the stick or at a bend. Ignore the big wedge for now, but know that it has significance in spacial orientation.

If you want to learn more, Khan Academy has a cool series on labeling, drawing, and naming these molecules.
Bond Line Structures
Comment: Sure thing, the bold line specifies its isomeric stereochemistry. As a simple definition- isomers have the same elemental composition but different structures.

Notice how the wedge is pointing toward you? This means that the -CH3 group is pointing towards you. The alternative would be -CH3 pointing away from you.

This simple geometric feature causes both molecules to be mirror images of each other (also known as Enantiomers) - yet they are not the same. More detail can be found here at the wikipedia page for [Stereochemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereochemistry)
Comment: Thank you for your answer, it really answered me the question. I'll use this videos of Khan academy as well.
Comment: Can you just explain me the meaning of the bold line of alanine? What is the reason that it's bold? is it because of the Carbon over there?
Comment: Thank you for your nice explanation. I found further explanations here: http://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/28503/what-are-the-meanings-of-dotted-and-wavy-lines-in-structural-formulas
Comment: And also here: https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/intro3.htm


What insurances are common to have in Germany?

Question: Are there any insurances in Germany that are considered important in Germany but which are not required to have as for example a health insurance?
Comment: Lost in translation. But simply suggest an edit next time.
Comment: I can't very well suggest an edit if I don't know what you are intending to ask. :)
Comment: By this standard, you can close the site.
Comment: In my opinion, it is a common question of many foreigners what insurances a "normal" citizen of a country is supposed to sign in a country of residence. This is advice and of course to some extend opinionated.
Comment: Your title and question don't match. Your title asks about mandatory insurance, your question asks about non-mandatory insurance. Which do you want?
Comment: Anyway, now the question is clear... but now it's also Primarily Opinion-Based.
Comment: Well, I disagree... this site is full of objective questions. And this one could be broken into a number of objective questions as well.
Answer: In Germany, the following insurances are recommended and a big fraction of the population has such insurance:

Haftpflichtversicherung: This insurance will cover damages that you cause to others such as ruining someone's couch by pouring wine over it. It will normally also cover for damages of your kids as long as you or the damaged person can prove that you did not properly watch over them while they were causing the damage. (Otherwise, your kids would be responsible for the damage themselves but would not have to pay for the damage because of their young age, i.e. the damaged person will not be refunded.)
Berufsunfähigkeitsversicherung: This insurance pays you a given amount when you get injured such that you are no longer able to work for a longer period / life. This insurance is recommended since the state coverage for people that cannot was reduced to a minimum amount some years ago.
Auslandskrankenversicherung: A public health insurance will only cover the costs of health care to the amount they would cost in Germany. This means that you will have to pay a significant amount yourself when receiving treatment on travels in countries with expensive health care like the United States. This insurance will pay the difference or even the entire amount, as long as you did not travel to another country with the purpose of receiving treatment. Some insurances also exclude a person's home country if one was not born in Germany to avoid fraud and overly expensive customers that are likely to be treated abroad a lot.

Other than that some people have additional insurance for their teeth when insured with a public health insurance. Pflegetagegeldversicherungen which pay a given amount if you need treatment in a care home are also gaining popularity. Finally, it is worth mentioning Unfallversicherungen which pay you a certain amount on accidents that cause damage to your body and will normally also cover, for example, rescue from a mountain or the sea.
Comment: Also worth considering: a Hausratsversicherung (contents insurance) which should also insure your bike against theft. If you have to deal with a lot of businesses, you plan to own some property or you are even running your own business a Rechtsschutzversicherung that covers you specific risks for legal expenses may be well worth it's price.
Comment: A Haftpflichtversicherung: might be even mandatory in some rent contracts issued by private flat house owners.
Comment: @gerrit Thanks for the info, too bad I can't improve my previous comment as it's quite misleading. I mean to say it's not worth using it for small amounts of damages, but definitely worth paying for it, especially if you have kids.
Comment: How does the third point work in the EU? Doesn't statutory health insurance include an EHIC?
Comment: I believe that most EU countries have an agreement. Specific treatments might however still not be covered.
Comment: Haftpflichtversicherung is not worth it for paying a couch as a German colleague told me, for small amounts you won't use it because you will pay much more for the insurance, but if driving your bike and you crash into somebody and it will need hospitalizations (or God forbid worst) then it's worth it because those cost can raise to hundred of thousands or up to a million Euros in some cases.
Comment: Depends on the type of your insurance and if you have a *Eigenanteil*. Many would use it for the couch example if the couch is expensive enough.
Comment: It is true, this is a common one as well but not equally common. Feel free to edit the entry, though.
Comment: @mxfh If you are knowledgeable on mandatory Haftpflichtversicherung for rents, can you please consider [this question](https://expatriates.stackexchange.com/q/14971/6)?
Comment: @RaduMaris Apparently some Haftpflichtversicherung cost less than €20/year, and if as mxfh says the're required by some landlords, then that's a small price to pay even if the service is almost useless.


Need help identifying spider

Question: I have been trying to identity this spider and have found nothing similar. This is the second I have found, this being the smaller at about 2cm. I want to know what kind of spider this is and if it is potentially dangerous to myself or my pets. June 2021, NW Turkey, fourth floor balcony. Thank you
Comment: Looks to me like one of the Laceweavers: Amaurobius or something along those lines.  They rend to be fairly plain, powerful-looking ground-hunting spiders, and often have a dark reddish-brown carapace, with a dark, weakly patterned abdomen.  From what I can see of the eyes, they're consistent with that..  Unfortunately, the spider has been dead long enough to leave me uncertain, especially because my knowledge of European spiders is a bit limited.  It's definitely not a Mygalomorph tarantula, though.  No matter what, it's not one of the problem biters.
Comment: A picture of the eye pattern might help with ID.
Comment: I agree with @JohnRobinson that Amauribidae is a good possibility, that it is Entelegyne (not Mygalomorph), and that its current (dried-up) state makes it hard to be sure of Family.
Answer: The spider looks very similar to Tarantulas. They are not harmful to humans but can show allergic reactions in pets when bitten by a spider.
Check out this https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarantula.
Comment: _"They are not harmful to humans but can show allergic reactions in pets when bitten by a spider."_ Actually not only to pets and when bitten - their hairs, especially on the legs, can cause respiratory and dermatologic irritations to humans and pets..
Comment: This is not a tarantula or even in the Mygalomorph infraorder.
Comment: You are more likely to get a positive response to your answer if you explain why your identification is correct. Specifically, please [edit] your answer to add discussion of key features that led you to this conclusion and supporting references or at least validated images. Without this your answer is indistinguishable from opinion, which is not appropriate for this site. Please consult the [help] starting with [answer] for details of what is expected.

Need help identifying spider


The feet an hands dosen't move with all armuture

Question: I create a dragon and I take care to have good topology, then add an armature to it, and did that by using the rigfiy addon, the problem appears when I move the torso widget
in pose mode, the feet and hands don't move with it :
Answer: By default, Rigify's feet and hands are in IK mode. And the IK controllers have their parent set to "root".
To change that, you can either change from IK to FK, or change the parent from "root" to "torso" or anything you want. Note that all these properties are animatable.
For this, you need to select the IK hands/feet controller. Then in the sidebar, item tab, Rig Main Properties panel, you have buttons to switch from IF to FK, as well as change the "IK Parent"


What is LINQ to events a.k.a RX Framework?

Question: What is LINQ to events a.k.a RX Framework aka the Reactive Extensions in .NET 4.0 (but also available as backported versions)?
In other words, what is all the stuff in System.Reactive.dll for?
Answer: .NET Rx team (this is not an official name) found that any push sequence (events, callbacks) can be viewed as a pull sequence (as we normally do while accessing enumerables) as well – or they are Dual in nature. In short observer/observable pattern is the dual of enumeration pattern.
So what is cool about about this duality?
Anything you do with Pull sequences (read declarative style coding) is applicable to push sequences as well. Here are few aspects.
You can create Observables from existing events and then use them as first class citizens in .NET – i.e, you may create an observable from an event, and expose the same as a property.
As IObservable is the mathematical dual of IEnumerable, .NET Rx facilitates LINQ over push sequences like Events, much like LINQ over IEnumerables
It gives greater freedom to compose new events – you can create specific events out of general events.
.NET Rx introduces two interfaces, IObservable and IObserver that "provides an alternative to using input and output adapters as the producer and consumer of event sources and sinks" and this will soon become the de-facto for writing asynchronous code in a declarative manner. Here is a quick example.
<code>//Create an observable for MouseLeftButtonDown

var mouseLeftDown=Observable.FromEvent<MouseButtonEventArgs>
        (mycontrol,"MouseLeftButtonDown");

//Query the above observable just to select the points
var points = from ev in mouseEvents
                 select ev.EventArgs.GetPosition(this);

//Show points in the window's title, when ever user
//presses the left button of the mouse
points.Subscribe(p => this.Title = "Location ="
                                        + p.X + "," + p.Y);
</code>
You may go through these posts as well to get the head and tail in detail. Also have a look at the relates source code as well.

Part I - System.Reactive or the .NET Reactive Extensions (Rx) – Concepts and First Look
Part II - LINQ To Events - More on .NET Reactive Extensions (Rx)
Part III - LINQ To Events - Generating GetEventName() Wrapper Methods using T4 Text Templates

Check out this set of articles
Comment: In your example, in line "var points = from ev in mouseEvents", where does the "mouseEvents" come from and what type is it?
Answer: You can read more about it here:
http://themechanicalbride.blogspot.com/2009/07/introducing-rx-linq-to-events.html
My first exposure was on this blog, as I am reading his book on F#:
http://tomasp.net/articles/reactive-ii-csevents.aspx
Basically my understanding of it is that when you write an event handler for mouse movements, for example, you may want to continuously capture these events, and perhaps be able to count how many movements or clicks, but, basically, you want to use that information in more ways than just as an event handler.  So, just treat the events as a continuous stream.
Answer: Also, check out this Channel 9 video: Expert to Expert: Brian Beckman and Erik Meijer - Inside the .NET Reactive Framework (Rx)
From the show description:

The .NET Reactive Framework (Rx) is the mathematical dual of LINQ to
  Objects. It consists of a pair of
  interfaces IObserver/IObservable that
  represent push-based, or observable,
  collections, plus a library of
  extension methods that implement the
  LINQ Standard Query Operators and
  other useful stream transformation
  functions.
Answer: I think the essence of the RX is changing the angle with which we look at information. Naturally, every piece of information is a result of some process, which takes place in the time-space continuum. Traditional approach works with the projection of the process to the "current" time plane, losing the details of the time dimension as the result.
RX works with the projection to some other dimension, capturing the time component as well, so it is no wonder LINQ to RX is a superset of the regular LINQ.


Poisson canonical form question - $b(\cdot)$

Question: For the Poisson distribution in exponential canonical form, why is the $b(\cdot)$ part of the canonical form expressed as $e^{\theta} \dots$ since the exponential form is written as $\exp(y\log(\lambda) - \lambda - \log(y!)  $. I could understand if the b($\cdot$) component would be $b(\theta)$ = $\lambda$ when $\theta=\log(\lambda)$, but not $e^\theta$.
Answer: To start with, not everyone uses the same notation for the terms in the exponential family form, (eg there's no $b$ in the Wikipedia version)
The Poisson pmf, as you note, can be written as
$$\exp\left( y\log\lambda -\lambda -\log (y!)\right)$$
That's not the canonical form. In the canonical form, the first term (the one involving both parameter and data) is $t(y)\theta$, where $t(y)$ is a sufficient statistic and $\theta$ is the canonical parameter.
For the Poisson, this means $\theta=\log\lambda$ must be the canonical parameter, and the sufficient statistic $t(y)$ is just $y$, so you have the canonical form
$$\exp\left( y\theta -e^\theta -\log (y!)\right)$$
I think it's easiest to understand this if you think of the construction of an exponential family.  You start out with a density or pmf $h(x)$ and put in an additional parameter by exponential tilting
$$f(x;\theta) \propto e^{x\theta}h(x)$$
What makes $\theta$ the canonical parameter for the Poisson is that the Poisson family is what you get by doing this with $h(x)$ being any single Poisson distribution.
Answer: I think $b(\theta)$ should be a function of $\theta$, so $b(\theta) = \exp(\theta)$. However, you are right that $b(\theta) = \exp(\theta) = \exp(\log(\lambda)) = \lambda$, too.


What's an easy way to shut down a computer that I'm connected to via RDP

Question: I have a secondary machine on my local network that I usually use via RDP.  Most of the time, it's on 24/7, but there are times when I may want to shut it down from the RDP client machine.  The shutdown and restart options aren't available from the Windows XP start menu when you connect to a machine via RDP, so how can I shut this machine off without actually going to the physical machine?  Also note that this computer currently doesn't have a monitor attached to it, which is partly why I want to be able to shut it down over RDP.
Answer: I would start a command prompt and type the following command:
"shutdown -s" to shutdown in less than a minute.
"shutdown -f" to shutdown immediately.
If you really only want to restart, type the following:
"shutdown -r".
Comment: If you want to do these actions immediately, add `-t 0` to the command. Or change the 0 to the number of seconds before it happens. Defaults to 30.
Comment: afaik, shutdown -f won't shutdown immediately, it will just kill everything in 60 seconds regardless of whether it quits gracefully. for an instant shutdown you need to do `shutdown -s -f -t 0`.
Comment: Technically shutdown -f does make the machine shutdown immediately as if you clicking the shutdown button in the start menu. Shutdown -f is initiating the shutdown command. Yes I could have went into extensive details on all of the option with the shutdown command, but he only asked about shutting down and restarting. He didn't ask about everything else. I like my answers to be quick, easy, and direct.
Comment: @David That is not the case on Windows 7 or Vista then. Passing in -f will still cause it to wait 30 seconds. I suspect it is the same with XP as well, but don't have a machine to try it on.
Comment: @vcsjones I thought it had changed too. It hasn't... I tested it on a space machine at my work. The T60 Lenovo Laptop shutoff immediately as if I pressed the power button on the start menu. So trust e, I tested it. If you don't believe me, try it. :)
Comment: @David I was talking about using shutdown from the command line, not using the start menu since there is no start menu option to shut down over remote desktop.
Answer: As others have said, the easiest way is via the Shutdown command from the command prompt or the run box.
If this is a domain and you have the privilage to shut down remotely, you can always use the shutdown command from your machine using Shutdown /s /m \\computername, or shutdown -i for a interactive prompt.

Lastly, if you do want to it via a normal GUI, next time you are connected, click on the option "Windows Security", this will bring you the traditional Ctrl+Alt+Del prompt, where you can shutdown, restart or do whatever you want to the computer!
(You can also right click on the taskbar and choose Task Manager and do it from there).
Answer: From Start -> Run... you can run shutdown -s. From a command prompt, you can execute shutdown /? to see a list of options.
Comment: This would have been a good comment under the original answer that states the same thing other than the "shutdown /?"
Comment: @David: When I wrote that answer, there were no other answers. I saw the notice that another answer had been posted just as I was about to post mine, so I just went ahead and hit the Post button.
Comment: @garyjohn7 That's fine. :) Great minds think alike...
Answer: I go to the desktop and do Alt+F4. That will give you the options to shutdown, restart or logoff.


For what $r$ does the Lorenz attractor exist?

Question: The Lorenz equations are given by:
$$\begin{aligned} \dot X &= \sigma(Y-X)\\ \dot Y &= rX - Y - XZ\\ \dot Z &= X Y - bZ \end{aligned}$$
I know that for $r\gt r_H$ all trajectories go over to a strange attractor, but this does not necessarily mean that the attractor exists for only $r\gt r_H$. For what values of $r$ does this attractor exist and why?
Answer: Let us compute the equilibrium points such that
$$
\left\lbrace\begin{aligned}
&\sigma \left(Y-X\right) = 0 \, ,\\
&r (X - Y - XZ) = 0 \, ,\\
&XY-bZ = 0 \, ,
\end{aligned}\right.
\qquad\text{viz.}\qquad
\left\lbrace\begin{aligned}
&Y = X \, ,\\
&\left(r-1-Z\right) X = 0 \, ,\\
&X^2 - bZ =0 \, .
\end{aligned}\right.
$$
Therefore, the following equilibria are obtained:
$$
(X,Y,Z) \in \left\lbrace (0, 0, 0), \left(\pm\sqrt{b (r-1)}, \pm\sqrt{b (r-1)}, r-1\right) \right\rbrace .
$$
The Jacobian matrix of the dynamical system is given by
$$
J(X,Y,Z) =
\left[
\begin{array}{ccc}
-\sigma & \sigma & 0\\
r-Z & -1 & -X\\
Y & X & -b
\end{array}
\right] .
$$

At the equilibrium point $(0,0,0)$, the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix are
$$
\mathrm{Sp}\, J(0,0,0) = \left\lbrace -b, \frac{1}{2}\left(\pm\sqrt{4 r \sigma + (\sigma-1)^2} - \sigma - 1\right) \right\rbrace .
$$
This equilibrium is stable as long as all eigenvalues have a non-positive real part, i.e. $r\leq 1$. For $r\leq 1$, the point $(0,0,0)$ is the only equilibrium of the dynamical system. No convection occurs, and no strange attractor exists.
For $r>1$, the equilibrium $(0,0,0)$ becomes unstable, and the pair of equilibria starts existing: a (supercritical) pitchwork bifurcation occurs. Computing the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix, one can show that they have non-positive real parts if $\sigma > b+1$ and $r\leq r_H$, where
$$ r_H = \sigma \frac{\sigma + b + 3}{\sigma - b - 1}\, . $$
We are in the convection regime, and no strange attractor exists.
For $r> r_H$, the pair of stable equilibria becomes unstable: a Hopf bifurcation occurs. All trajectories with initial condition appart from an equilibrium point will give the Lorenz attractor. Note that there can be periodic orbits (see e.g. [1]). However, these features are hard to analyze.

One reason why we can have such chaotic solutions relates to the Poincaré-Bendixson theorem. Indeed,  the Lorenz system is a differentiable real dynamical system on $\mathbb{R}^3$, and not on $\mathbb{R}^2$.


Proposal for correlation matrix with LKJ prior

Question: I am writing a Gibbs sampler from scratch.  As recommended in various places (http://www3.stat.sinica.edu.tw/statistica/oldpdf/A10n416.pdf, and in another question Covariance matrix proposal distribution) I have split covariance matrices for random effects (e.g. $A$) into a vector $\sigma$ of standard deviations and a correlation matrix $\Omega$ in the following way:
$A=\text{diag_matrix}(\sigma)\text{ }\Omega \text{ diag_matrix}(\sigma)$
I have assigned half student t priors to the standard deviations $\sigma$ and an LKJ prior to the correlation matrix $\Omega$ (see e.g. recommendations under Hyperpriors in https://mc-stan.org/docs/2_18/stan-users-guide/multivariate-hierarchical-priors-section.html).  I wanted to update the correlation matrix $\Omega$ in a single block rather than update each unique element of it individually.
From my model, the posterior for updating the correlation matrix $\Omega$ does not have a standard form, and so I was considering using a Metropolis Hastings step to update it.  However I'm not sure what proposal to use, because:

Most examples I have seen suggest proposals for covariance matrices rather than correlation matrices
The proposal will need to restrict the off-diagonals of the correlation matrix to fall between -1 and 1, and the on diagonals to equal 1
I don't see how you could use an LKJ distribution as a proposal and make it rely on the current $\Omega$ when sampling the new $\Omega'$

What proposals would allow update of the correlation matrix in a single step, relying on the current value for $\Omega$, whilst ensuring the elements of the matrix are contrained as I described?  Any advice would be very welcome.
Answer: You could use a proposal for a covariance matrix, and calculate the implied correlation matrix from it. You could then see if this proposed correlation matrix is accepted using the Matropolis-Hastings ratio.


Why is my phone not making space after I delete multiple long videos?

Question: I have the iPhone 6, running iOS 9.1, I had lots of videos (many were multiple minutes long) that took up too much space, I started with (according to my settings app) about 400 megabytes free, after posting the videos to youtube and deleting the videos from my phone, it says I still have about 400 megabytes free. Whats the deal? I've synced my phone to my computer and the iTunes program says I have 1.6 gigs free. Is my phone just displaying incorrectly?
Comment: Have you cleared out the "Recently deleted" folder in the photos app?
Answer: iOS is keeping you safe by saving all deleted videos and photos in a special album called Recently Deleted. The media files in there gets deleted after 30 days.
In order to free up the "imaginary space" that you think you got after deleting, empty out this album and you should see an increase of free space.


clean up draft items in workbox

Question: I have a requirement where I have to clean up the draft items in sitecore workbox which are there for more than two years in workbox. Can anybody tell me from where/how to start and how to access items from sitecore workbox programmatically?
Comment: By cleanup, do you mean remove or approve that version?
Comment: we need to remove that version which is in draft.
Answer: You can gain access to the workbox items by using the WorkflowProvider. If you already know what is the workflow id, you can use the following to get the IWorkflow. This will allow you to access the item states.
var masterContents= Factory.GetDatabase("master").WorkflowProvider.GetWorkflow("Your Workflow ID");

Then, from the masterContents you can retrieve all the items that match a state id. The state id is the item id of the draft item.
var masterContents= Factory.GetDatabase("master").WorkflowProvider.GetWorkflow("Your Workflow ID");

var draftItems = masterContents.GetItems("your draft item id");

foreach (var draftItem in draftItems)
{
    //TODO - Remove the item version here
}

The draftItems returns a list of DataUri which allows you to access the specific item version, language etc.
foreach (var draftItem in draftItems)
{
    var item = Factory.GetDatabase("master").GetItem(draftItem.ItemID, draftItem.Language, draftItem.Version);

    item.RecycleVersion();
}

Note that I have not yet tested the code but this is the basic idea how to do it.
Comment: Thanks so much for the quick response!!! I will definitely try these steps out and update my comments here. But I have got the core idea of how & where to start.
Comment: I have approved, also I tried to upvote but somehow its not getting increased.

clean up draft items in workbox


CAML viewfields

Question: When using CAML to extract from a list, what is the purpose of the viewfields in the query - to set value types - text, interger,etc. - and make the fields available so the get_item('fieldname') method can pull the data from them? If the viewfields is omitted can you use the get_item('fieldname') method?
Answer: <ViewFields> is used in the CAML query to define that how many fields you want to retrieve by executing the query.
If we did not define <ViewFields> then it will retrieve all the columns of list.
For example if I define ViewFields like:
<ViewFields>
    <FieldRef Name="ID"></FieldRef>
    <FieldRef Name="Title"></FieldRef>
</ViewFields>

then it will retreive only two columns ID & Titile from the list.
It's not mandatory to set <ViewFields>.
Read more: SPQuery.ViewFields Property
Comment: Are you saying that since only the two fields are being retrieved these are the only two fields that the get_item method will display -  get_item(departmentname') would not return anything?
Comment: Yes, it will retrieve only those fields which are defined in ViewFields. To get the 'departmentname' field you have to include that field in ViewFields like
Comment: Thanks. I'm using JS so your link was much help but appreciated.
Comment: Welcomes .. :) @PianoMan
Comment: This doesn't work if the field is empty.
Answer:
ViewFields basically gives you option to reduce data in response.
It allows you to specify which fields you want in return for your query.

It is always a best practice to use ViewFields as and when possible.
Also in conjunction with SPQuery.ViewFields you must use SPQuery.ViewFieldsOnly, then only it will return only those column, else it is going to return all column in response.
For Ex:
SPQuery query = new SPQuery();

query.Query = <<YOUR QUERY GOES HERE>>
query.ViewFields = "<ViewFields>"+
    "<FieldRef Name="ID"></FieldRef>"+
    "<FieldRef Name="Title"></FieldRef>"+
"</ViewFields>";

query.ViewFieldsOnly = true;

Comment: Are you saying that in addition to the fields requested by viewfieilds ALL the fields are available to the get_item('fieldname') method?

I like the idea of using the only feature. I have never seen that appear in any of the examples I have come across.  I'll have to look into that.

Thanks
Comment: sure @PianoMan . I hope you must have tried it by now
Answer: In the list views, Viewfields are essentially the columns that you see in the list view.

CAML viewfields


Covariant vs. contravariant definition of the Energy-Momentum tensor

Question: I have a question regarding the definition of the energy-momentum tensor.
I've seen it defined as a (2,0) tensor, so it has 2 upper indices $T^{ab}$, but many times it is  written as a (0,2) tensor with lower indices (just like in Einstein's equations). I know that you can raise and lower indices using a metric, so $g_{ak}g_{bl}T^{ab}=T_{kl}$, but the textbooks I am using (mainly Carroll's Lecture notes on general relativity) often refer to the energy-momentum tensor as a (0,2) tensor, without mentioning the use of a metric. Is the metric always implied when writing $T_{ab}$?
Comment: Sometimes given the context there is no need to worry about upper and lower indices. In that case, an author may write write everything in upper or lower indices. In contexts where upper and lower indices have a specified meaning, the metric is "always implied."
Answer: The metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ can be used to raise and lower indices. In this case you are lowering the indices on the SEM tensor, that is converting it from contravariant to covariant. So the answer is  yes. This can be true for any tensor. However, if you are looking for a general definition of the SEM Tensor, we have that $$T_{\mu\nu}=\frac{-2}{\sqrt{-g}}\frac{\delta S_M}{\delta g^{\mu\nu}}$$, where $S_M$ is the matter action and the $\delta$ is the functional derivative with respect to the metric. Furthermore, the SEM tensor is normally given in its covariant form but it's just a matter of convention.


Where can I get U.S. size 15B SPD clipless shoes?

Question: I want to get some large clipless shoes for an indoor stationary cycle at my gym, which I presume uses SPD. I wear a U.S. size 15B and it is difficult to find shoes that long, let alone with a narrow width? Shoes I could source in Toronto, Canada, would be best, but I can get them in the U.S. if I must.
Comment: According to [this page](https://www.softmoc.com/ca/shoesize.asp), that would be a size 50 in European, which is what most cycling shows are sized in.
Comment: I wouldn't necessarily make that presumption, as SPD pedals are only one of three clipless styles in common use. But as regards your general question, I would have thought you'd get more joy on Google than on SE. Have you even tried this?
Comment: I have spent literally hours searching both today and on previous occasions (when I gave up after not finding anything). I have tried several search terms and looked on several manufacturers' and retailers' web sites and looked at individual shoes. The manufacturers don't always make it easy to find which of their shoes are available in particular sizes either. Suggestions are welcome.
Comment: @MichaelHoffman then I have my fingers crossed that SE has some users in Toronto who might be able to help you, good luck.
Comment: Go to your LBS and ask for them? It'll likely be a special order, but chain reaction cycles among other places do sell some shoes in EUR 50 in standard width. I find cycling shoes to run narrow to begin with, so a non-wide 50 might be OK.
Answer: I feel your pain…
One place that I've found that seems to stock large shoes is Bike Tires Direct. Both Shimano and Sidi seem to make models that go up to at least size 52. If you don't want to order from the US, you could still use their listings to find some candidates and then ask your LBS what they can order for you.
The shoes will come in two styles "road" and "mountain." Road shoes have a flat sole that the cleat mounts onto (and thus are quite unpleasant to walk in). Mountain shoes have a recess for the clear. Road shoes often use different cleats than mountain shoes (three-bolt vs two-bolt). Cleats usually come with pedals, not with the shoes. You can also buy cleats separately.
So find out what kind of cleats your bike needs and then get shoes & cleats to match.


Can my boss send me home for personal reasons

Question: I recently lost my grandpa and I was having a rough day and my mom texted me something about the funeral and I just about lost it I started crying all over the place my boss asked me what's wrong and I told him about my grandpa passing away and he said go home you will feel better. I told him I would be okay but he didn't care..... Was he right to send me home??
Comment: I think it was rather nice of him, don't you?  And yes, if you're emotionally wrought to the point that you're crying all over the place, you should go home.
Comment: I think you should add the "without being paid" part in the question, as it makes quite a big difference. Telling someone to go home on their own dime is very different from sending them home on your own.
Comment: If your mood is affecting the rest of the staff, yes, they can and will tell you that you are not needed in the office right then. You _may_ be able to claim some of this as sick time, depending on the company's policies; ask your manager after you are back in control and back at work.
Comment: I have been sent home by my boss for looking bleak and sick, which was caused by personal problems not actual illness. My boss always saw this as a standard sick day. Are you really sure they want you to call in sick or take an unpaid day off?
Comment: @KarlieK My experience points to sending someone home on compassionate grounds would generally mean the time is paid.  In workplaces where it wouldn't be acceptable for a supervisor to give you paid time off for compassionate leave supervisors would be more likely to offer you an early break to get your composure back.  Talk to your supervisor when you get back to work out specifics.
Comment: I understand that but at the same time I hate losing money ( car payments)  I knew if stayed there I could of handled things ( my  lunch break was almost due) I could've collected myself and things would of been better but obviously things didn't go that way.
Answer: We are humans not machines because we have feelings. Had he not sent you home you couldn't have been productive. Moreover money comes and goes, you have your whole life to earn.
According to me he did what every man must do.
His actions are bound to improve his relations with employees and lead to a better environment at the office.
Answer: This might sound callous, but it's disruptive to have someone crying in the office and sharing their personal drama with everyone else, or becoming a topic of conversation/pity/whatever.
So your boss may have felt compelled to send you home for the good of the rest of the office. It's the normal thing to do. It would be abnormal for him to have expected you to continue working for the rest of the day, both for decency reasons and business reasons.
Comment: That actually sounds logical ( when I think it all out)  Gossip is definitely something that happens at my workplace. I am almost embarrassed to face it all when I go back to work Wednesday. I know that since people do gossip they probably know all about my crying spell. I ..suppose I just have to hold my head up and shake things off when people mention things.
Answer: He would have been right to send you home if your bouts of crying were  disruptive to the workplace and you weren't doing a stitch of work between your bouts of crying. And if your colleagues very naturally reach out to you to find out what's going on and offer you moral support and comfort, you end up not being the only one who is not doing a stitch of work during the workday. The blunt fact is that no amount of sympathy and empathy is going to change your personal situation let alone in anyway bring back the people you are grieving for.
I am not sure that crying about private matters in public spaces is such a great thing. It's a public spectacle for sure but it's no entertainment for the masses. Having said that, the workplace is definitely not an appropriate venue for crying your heart out. That you have a damn good reason to cry your heart out is besides the point.
Your boss said that you'd feel better if you were to cry at home. Left unsaid is that he'd feel better, too, about you crying at home and so would your colleagues.
I acknowledge that you were holding it together until your mother texted you - this means that you should really go home and stay home for a while because your grief is much stronger than you think and any little thing can trigger an uncontrollable explosion of grief on your part.
Comment: 90% of your answer could be packed into an comment. the other 10% has already been stated by someone else. And please úse an Quote when you Quote an part of the answer
Comment: @RaoulMensink - You obviously don't know that a paraphrase is an alternative for a quote. The other factor is that my answer is contemporary with the others and independently arrived at. I have no use for your second guessing as to how I should write my answers.
Comment: Then why are you doing so? One: your answer came later and didnt add anything. Two: I am not second guessing you how you should write your answers, I merely gave you my opinion on why I downvoted it. As I feel you have the right to know why you are getting downvoted. Three: If I lectured you my comment wouldnt been that short. Four: be nice, nobody gains anything from being mean.
Comment: One: get your Facts right. Two: be nice.


Smart Contracts Sharding

Question: In the current version of Ethereum Smart Contracts can call each other. It is planned to introduce Shards in Ethereum 2.0. But I can not find any information about how smart contracts are able to interact with each other if they are located in different shards
Answer: I'm not an expert on Eth2.0 with shards, but currently there is already running phase 0 of the Eth2.0, called Beacon Chain. This beacon chain is like an own blockchain, with the purpose of delegating calls between shards. So the beacon chain is in charge of deciding where and how to distribute the information - I'm just not sure exactly how it achieves this.
In a later stage, the actual shards are implemented and they are connected to the beacon chain for interoperability.

Smart Contracts Sharding


How does one get 996 reputation points with no questions and no answers recorded?

Question: Or, why is my Meta reputation being accounted for so ... weirdly?  Did something break?
Answer: Your meta reputation is derived from the parent site, i.e., Super User
via FAQ

What is reputation?
You must have at least 5 reputation on the parent website to participate on Super User Meta.
Reputation here is entirely derived from the parent website; your reputation is the same as your reputation on the parent website, synchronized hourly. Votes here do not affect your reputation in any way. However, you can earn unique badges here on the meta site.
Comment: Oh - multiple metas; where's the meta-site for discussing which meta-site should be used for the question?  Too many sites for a poor addled brain like mine to keep track of.
Comment: @JonathanLeffler that would be [Meta.StackOverflow](http://meta.stackoverflow.com) - that's where you can ask questions on the Stack Exchange engine in general.
Comment: OK - what happened to Meta StackExchange, which seems more logical...oh, logic has nothing to do with meta-discussions... :D
Comment: @JonathanLeffler Meta.StackExchange is used for StackExchange v1 sites :) & oh LOL @ ` logic has nothing to do with meta-discussions... :D`


Users do not have access after AD group is inserted in SharePoint 2016 Group

Question: Domain administrator created an AD group with some users in it and we inserted it in SP group, but users don't have access. After three attempts they get access denied.
Comment: If the admin made the group and added people in the same day, the users might need to log off and log back in for the changes to take effect on their account
Comment: to log off from where? Domain administrator made the AD group and added the users in that group and then we added the AD group in SP group.
Comment: On their computers, each user might need to log out of Windows and then back in. A lot of AD changes don't reflect immediately and require a log out/in to take effect.
Answer: I've seen this behavior at one of our customers and we found that it took up to 24 hours before the AD-group was accessible in SharePoint. To overcome this, we created another SharePoint group, set the permissions on the group and added the effected users to the group.
The day after we checked with one effected user, removed her from the second group, and she had access then.
I don't know why, but as a workaround it's doable.
Comment: thanks for your answer Benny. I will give it a try and get to you soon.


Morphism category of a cocomplete category is also cocomplete?

Question: If $\mathcal{C}$ is a category with all small colimits (i.e., cocomplete), then can we tell that the morphism category $\mathrm{Mor}(\mathcal{C})$ is also cocomplete?
Answer: The arrow category is a functor category $[\mathbb I, \mathcal C]$, where $\mathbb I$ is the interval category. Functor categories inherit colimits from their codomain, so the arrow category is cocomplete when $\mathcal C$ is.


What does COVID-19 have to do with Live Audio at SCOTUS

Question: The US Supreme Court will be hearing oral arguments during Corona virus pandemic over teleconference. This is to comply with social distancing and prevent the spread of the disease. But why are they making the live audio feed available to the press and public in real time; something they have been steadfastly reluctant to allow? (Some say recalcitrant.)
related: Why does the United States Supreme Court oppose cameras, when Australia's, Canada's, and UK's have permitted them?
Answer: Normally this is "available to the public" in the sense that the normal court proceedings are open to the public, and will be attended by both the press and members of the public. This is in holding with traditional views of the judiciary about itself as doing the people's work, and the historical concerns that non-public hearings are a vector for corruption and injustice.  Most federal courts, and some state courts, in the US have discretion on whether they allow things like cameras, and when a court does decide to allow them it's usually because the case has such vast and important public interest that the court decides it must expand access to satisfy the people and do their work.  The OJ Simpson and Ted Bundy cases (the latter being one of the first criminal trials ever televised) come to mind as examples.
The SCOTUS hasn't allowed recordings on normal proceedings, at least in part out of fear that the Justices would change their behaviors and ultimately rulings as a result; but not necessarily solely for that, as tradition alone is a powerful force within SCOTUS.  But the current situation is exceptional, as in-person attendance by anyone is essentially ruled out.  So to retain that critically important aspect of public access and open proceedings, they have essentially no choice but to provide a live stream.
Comment: @NaftaliTzvi It is easier to justify haves and have-nots when you are constrained by physical space.  Harder when there are practically no limitations (beyond server bandwidth, etc.). As a practical matter it is probably easier to implement full access, and unlikely that nobody among the "permitted" wouldn't end up sharing the stream far and wide. It would be interesting if the Justices discussed a limited share and how that panned out to the actual decision, but I'm doubtful we'd know that any time soon, if ever.
Comment: Thanks. The typical public audience for SCOTUS arguments is as few as fifty persons sometimes, and it is a drastic step to livestream on tv. The court could have reached an intermediate ground such as allowing live remote listening to a limited public audience and /Or providing press with live feed but not authority to live broadcast it.


Tracing previous question from list

Question: I had an earlier question on updating of Hinduism but am not able to find it among questions list/discussions. Can you please help me find it? Thanks.
Comment: Which question? Can you be more precise?
Comment: Thanks. I think it is somewhat like *Conservative Hinduism did not reform or update enough?* [was on hold] Oct 2016.
Comment: Unanswered questions with 0 rep or low and off topic questions will be deleted by system automatically.
Comment: Here: https://hinduism.stackexchange.com/q/15346/36 It was closed on October 9, and then automatically deleted by the Community bot on October 29.
Comment: Thanks for clarifying.
Answer: Actually your question was deleted by system as RemovedAbandonedClosed.
Visit The Community user deleted my question! What gives? for more information.

If the question was closed more than 9 days ago, and ...

not closed as a duplicate
has a score of 0 or less
is not locked
has no answers with a score > 0
has no accepted answer
has no pending reopen votes
has not been edited in the past 9 days

... it will be automatically deleted. These are "abandoned closed", and are termed as RemoveAbandonedClosed.
This check is run every day across all sites.

You can look at your recently deleted questions (only those posted in past 60 days) from your profile or (only your own posts) by advance searching deleted:1 or deleted:yes after getting access to moderator tools privilege.

Tracing previous question from list


Interaction term to deal with heteroscedasticity

Question: The variance in my dependent variable changes with a changing value in an important independent variable and is hence probably distorting the measured effect of the treatment. Can I combat this form of heteroscedasticity by introducing an interaction term?
I'm analyzing the influence of the scoring procedure in online challenges on the predictability of the challenges. I measure predictability as the absolute difference between the rank percentile of a participant in a challenge and the overall rating percentile of a participant at that time. If a challenge is predictable that means that highly rated participants also rank highly (i.e. low difference between these two values).
Each observation (n = 1425) in my dataset is the participation of an individual in a challenge. Hence, I have partially crossed data as not all participants contribute in all of the challenges. Further, the data is divided into strata of comparable challenges that only differ significantly in the treatment variable (i.e. scoring procedure). Therefore, I fit a mixed effects model with random effects for the individual and the strata as well as an interaction between the random effects.
Based on the answers in the following thread, I have used a linear model, a model with a log-transformed dv and a beta regression in comparison, all yielding similar results:
Regression with bounded non-normal dependent variable
I have observed that the variance of the dv changes with a change in the independent variable "rating" which I included as a control and which is a strong predictor of predictability. It seems that participants with a high rating are more consistent. See this plot:

Also, the precision model of the beta regression indicates that there is a lower variance in the dv with a rising value in rating.
So this is probably a cause of heteroscedasticity. To deal with this and to account for the fact that the effect of the treatment does not seem to be purely additive, but depending on the value of rating, I introduced an interaction term between rating and treatment. My question is: Is this a sensible approach or are there any arguments against introducing such an interaction term?
Answer: Note that in the case of the Beta model/distribution the mean and the variance are related. Hence, you expect to see a particular type of heteroscedasticity.
A better way to check the fit of the such a model to your data is to use the simulated residuals from the DHARMa package.


Notification when user opens a certain folder in Finder

Question: I am really in need of a way to find out what window Finder is looking at so for example, if the user opens a certain folder I can get a notification. Is this possible?
Comment: @Mateusz I've edited the question to be specific to that, thanks for your input. Leon, feel free to edit your question to be specific to the problem you are facing and take a look at the linked duplicate for your original problem stated in the title.
Answer: Create an AppleScript file with the content
on opening folder theAttachedFolder

    do shell script "echo 'The folder \"folder name\" has been opened' | mail -s 'folder opened' 'email@example.com'"

end opening folder

replace folder name in  \"folder name\" with the real folder name, enter a proper email address in the .scpt file and save it to /Library/Scripts/Folder\ Action\ Scripts.
Then configure a folder action with this script by attaching it to the monitored folder. If mail ... doesn't work in your environment you have to use another CLI mail client. With a working OS X/macOS Server and its configured and running mail server and respective user accounts it works right out of the box.

More advanced version which requires to insert an email address only:
on opening folder theAttachedFolder

    set theFolder to quoted form of POSIX path of theAttachedFolder
    set Username to quoted form of short user name of (system info)

    do shell script "echo 'The folder " & theFolder & " has been opened by " & Username & "!' | mail -s 'Monitored folder opened' 'email@example.com'"

end opening folder


Kettle Not Whistling

Question: My old kettle rusted, so I bought a new one.  My old kettle whistled very loudly when the water reaches boiling point.  I can barely hear my new kettle whistle.  How can I amplify the whistling sound of my new kettle?
Comment: What brand/model is your tea kettle? Can you include a web link to the kettle?
Comment: It has a lot to do with the shape and size of the hole. If it's the wrong shape/size, you won't have much you can do, other than trying to splice on a new one.
Answer: The reason that kettles whistle is because of the holes in a kettle spout. Kettles usually have two plates for the spout cover. Your kettle might not have one of the plates.
You can fix this with a bottle cap and some common tools. First bend the bottle cap with pliers (you can also use a hammer) so that the sides are up. Now use sandpaper to get the bottle cap round. Now drill a hole in the middle of the bottle cap. You should be able to just wedge the bottle cap in the spout cover, but if you can't, you can always use glue.
Here's some good photos showing how to build the bottle cap cover

Source: Instructables
Comment: Maybe stating the obvious, but if you *are* going to glue it, make sure you use glue that can handle the temperature/moisture without melting and/or contaminating the kettle.

Kettle Not Whistling