What is Sri Samprādaya Physlosophy whose linage starts from Shri Sitaram?

Question: What is the Philosophy of Sri Samprādaya whose linage starts from Shri Sitaram?
Answer: सीतानाथसमारम्भां रामानन्दार्थमध्यमाम् । अस्मदाचार्यपय्र्यन्तां वन्दे गुरुपरम्पराम् ॥
Philosophy of Sri Samprādaya is being indicated here. In visistädvaita philosophy there are three tattvas- prakṛti, jiva and Brahman, jiva being conscious is called cita, jivātmā, pratyagatma and that is nitya (eternal), niranjana (untainted by illusion) and many. He is the devotee of Bhagavana Rama, prakti (nature) is called acita. Both of these, jiva and jagat (cit-acit) being body of the isvara (i.e. Bhagavan Rama), are always attributes of the iśvara. "jagat sarvaṁ śarīraṁ te -vā. rã. 6-117-27" (The entire cosmos is Your body); "yasya ātmā sarīraṁ ya ātmānamantaro yamayati (sa. pa. bra. 184.108.40.206.30)" etc. are proofs to this fact. pratyakṣa, anumana and sabda, these three, are sources of valid knowledge. Brahman is provableness and jiva is proving authority. Prapatti only is our yoga, višistâdvaita is our proposition, şaḍakṣara Ramamantra, dvādaśākṣara SitäRama-mantra and carama (ultimate) mantra (a sacred formula, spell) is essentially to be known. SriSitäRamaji only is fit for meditation. jiva is subtle and many. We accept satkaryavada and avikṛta pariņāmavāda, jagat (cosmos) is the transformation of the Brahman itself but without any change and not as vivarta since the author of brahmasutra says 'pariņāmät (brahmasutra- 1.4.27). The transformation is observed in the prakṛti, the body of lord Rama. jivātmā, paramātmā and the relation between them is knowable for us. All these are eternal. arthapañcaka (svasvarûpa, parasvarapa, upayasvarupa, phalasvarupa and virodhisvarupa these five knowable terminologies) are understood with reference to these three itself.
As stated above, only SriSitaRamaji is fit for our meditation. Here śriSitaji and SriRamaji is inseparable. Factually speaking that paramātmā only is our Brother, our Father and Begetter- "sa no bandhurjanita sa vidhätä (yaju. -32.10)". Atharvaveda also proclaims the same - "sa naḥ pita janita sa uta bandhuḥ (2.1.3) which is established also by rgveda - " tvam hi naḥ pita vaso tvaṁ mātā śatakrato babhuvavitha.... .8.98.11." (i.e. O Lord! You are our Father and Mother, You are the only refuge of all, as You are the bestower of everything for our survival, we bow our heads to seek Your blessings.) indicating that in the form of Rama You are our Father and in the form of Sita You are our mother. Atharva śruti clearly accepts the inseparableness of both-" Ramaḥ Sitä Jänaki Ramacandro nityakhando ye ca pasyanti dhirah. (atharva. Sruti)" i.e, ŚrīRāma only is śrīsītā and śriSita only is ŚrīRama, there is no separableness between them. They cannot be thought off separated. Bhagavan SriRamaji is saccidānanda and śriSitāji is samvidānanda. Both of them are mutually inseparable. In SriRamastavarājastotram- "Suryamandala madhyastham Rāmaṁ Rāmaṁ Sitāsamanvitam-50." SriRamaji is said to have been continually completely possessed of janakanaṁdini mām śriSità. In support of this the sloka of sadasiva Samhita may also be pondered-"RāmasSītā Janaki Ramacandraḥ nanurbhedo hyetayoriti kascit. Samto matva tattvametaddhi buddhava päram jätäḥ samsṛtermṛtykälät."
One is Suklatejo'vacchinna Brahman and the Other is syamatejo'vacchinna Brahman. For this reason śrīsītāji also is accepted as višiṣṭa tattva,
parabrahman tattva. Vṛhad Viṣṇupurana also sanctifies this-
dvau canityamdvidhärupam tattvato nityamekatā. Ramamantre sthita Sītā Sītāmantre raghuttamaḥ.
or, as per brahma Rāmāyaṇa- SriSita Ramanämnastu sadaikyam nästi samsayaḥ Iti jäävä japedyastu sa dhanyo bhāvinām narah..
Difference by svarupa and non-difference (similarity) by sambandha is accepted in our philosophy of Jagadguru śrimadadya Rāmānandācārya which is clearly spelt out in Mundakopanisad, trtiya mundaka1.1- dva suparna sayujā sakhäyä samanam vṛkşam parişasvajate. tayoranyaḥ pippalam svadvattyanaśnannanyo abhicākasiti..
Meaning, two birds of pleasing plumage (jīvātmā and paramātmā) living together, each the friend of the other, perch upon the same tree (this world). Of these two, one (jivātmā) eats the sweet pippal fruit (of the tree), but the other (paramätma) simply looks on without eating,
In this mantra (a sacred formula, spell), the difference by svarapa and non-difference (similarity) by sambandha is very clearly expressed. Both having pleasing plumage, living together on the same tree and their friendship are similarities but the differences are that jîvātmā is many and paramatma one only, jivätma is subtle and paramātmā all pervading, jivātmā is ignorant and paramatma omniscient, jivātmā is having faults and paramätmä infalliable, jivätmä is sinful and paramatma resplendent, jivätma is bounded and paramatma boundless, jivātmā is insignificant and paramātmā sovereign, jīvātmā is mundane and paramātmā heavenly, jīvātmā is having organ of sense and paramatma without that, jivātmā has unrestrained infatuation and paramatma beyond infatuation, jivätma is subservient and paramātmā beyond absolutely free, jivätma is fallen into maya and paramatma lord of maya. Wherever non-difference between jiva and Brahman is felt, the same should be understood as the relation between jiva (the finite self) and the Brahman, but never with svarûpa.
In the visiṣṭadvaita traditional doctrine Brahman is of two types- karyabrahman and karaṇabrahman, kāraṇabrahman is present in paramavyoma (also called saketaloka as ŚrīsītāRāmaji and karyabrahman is pervaded in this world becoming its shelter. Both these Brahman (kāraṇa and karya), by nature, are distinguished from cita and acita. Unification of these two is said as visiṣṭadvaita. Therefore acarya, while pronouncing visistädvaita, says "visiṣṭam ca višiṣṭam ca višişte tayoradvaitar visiṣṭādvaitam tad vadati vyavasthapayati iti visiṣṭādvaitavādaḥ." Only three relations have been established between Brahman and jiva viz. father-son, lord-subservient and friend from various veda-mantra-s(a sacred formula, spell from veda). Some of them, very famous, are 'amptasya te putrah', 'brahmadasa brahma dāsābrahma me kitavaḥ, araṁdāsonamiḍhuṣe karāṣyahaṁ devaya bhūrṇaye'nāgāḥ.. (rg. 7.86.7), dva suparṇā sayujā sakhāyā..." (rg. 1.164.20, atharva. 9.9.20), 'marutyantam sakhyāya havamahe' (rg. 1.101.5), maripyate tvataḥ sakha. (rg. 1.916.8), etc. Since jivātmā is subtle, always under the control of paramātmā, ignorant and with limited knowledge this always treats himself as suvservient and paramātmā as his master and that is proper also. Various texts, as quoted below, support this view-'atmadasyaṁ hareḥsvämyamsvabhavam casadasmara." (harita) 'sevaka sevya bhava binu bhava na tariyauragări (ma.-7.119) ("I am the servant and the Lord Rama my master" without this relationship it is not possible to cross the ocean of birth and death.) baranata barana priti bilagati.
brahma jiva sama sahaja samhghati... (ma.1.20.4) (When they are described, devotion separates them, but they are as naturally bound together as Brahman and the individual soul.)
sunahu nätha kaha mudita bidehu. brahma jiva iva sahaja sanehu.. (ma.1.217.4) ("Listen to me, my Lord" said Janaka pleasantly, "it is like the natural union between Brahman and the individual soul".)
Brahman is further divided as para (saguna) and apara (nirguna). Here a question may arise as to why para is called saguna and apara as nirguna? Because 'anoraṇiyan mahato mahiyan. How can the poor maya, which is full of faults, cover all over the master of maya itself. For this reason, the possessor of all auspicious qualities , the saguna Brahman is para because of its easiness of attainment by aspirant (hermits), nirguņa Brahman hides its auspicious qualities and hence becomes difficult to be propitiated and attained. Because of this, śruti addressed nirguna Brahman as apara. The ultimate proof in this regard can be cited from bha. gi. where Arjuna addresses saguna sākāra Lord kṛṣṇa as parabrahman-
parabrahman paramadhäma pavitram paramam bhavan..(10.12) One more aspect should clearly be undersood in this śrīRāmānanda-sampradaya that in the paramparãofŚrīRāma-mantra śriHanumanji is the third acarya (the First being śrīrāghavendra sarakara Himself, who initiated SriRama-mantra to śriSitaji and the second śriSitaji who initiated Hanumanji.). Näradabhaktisutra proclaims acarya of bhakti to śriHanumanji-
"ityevam vadanti janajalpanirbhaya ekamatāḥkumāravyāsaśukaśāṇḍilya garga Vişnukaundinya seṣoddhavāruṇibalihanumadvibhiṣaṇādayobhak tyācāryaḥ.." (83)
According to MahāśivaSamhitā also—
acaryam hanumantam tyaktvä hyanyamupäsate. kliśyanti caiva te mugdha mulahāḥ pallavāśritāḥ .. Hanumatparamācāryaṁ vinā"caryo na ko'pi ca. Iti paddhatinirņitam purvoktam ca mayoditam..
It is, therefore, not only necessity but also unavoidable to worship Hanumanji. That too, in accordance with sampradaya, śriHanumanji only accepts the prasada of SriRamaji (the food presented to SriRamaji). For this reason, only the items offered to SriRamaji is used in worshipping śriHanumanji
SriRamasya prasado hi bhunkte śrīmārutātmajaḥ. Ataḥ kapisapājāyāri harerarpitamarpayeta.
As per Śrī sampradaya śriHanumanji is not born but he is an attendant emancipated for ever of Bhagavan SriRamaji - Nityakädäcitkabhedänmuktadvaividhyamucyate Nityaḥ kadäcittatrapi siddhaḥ supuruşa varah..
Garbhajanmadiduḥkham ye'nanubhūya sthitaḥ sadā.
SitäRamapriyaḥ sasvatte hanumanmukhā matāḥ..
(śrī Vaiṣṇavamatābjabhaskaraḥ 140-141) i.e., mukta (liberated) (jiva) (individual souls) are of two types due to the difference of eternal and occasional. Out of them, those who never lie in the womb, and without experiencing any pain of birth etc., who are always dear to SriSitäRāmaji, divine, most auspicious, splendid persons like Hanumanji etc. are called eternally liberated. After attaining Brahman, jīvātmā as well attains several (but not all) qualities of Brahman because competitors definitely differ. No similarity can be seen in indifference. The statement, face like the moon' definitely signifies face and the moon differently. Only the face has imbibed delightness of the moon. In the same way, the liberated jivätmä is manifested with only eight auspicious qualities- apahatapāpmatva (becomes free from sin), vijaratva(free from growing old), vimṛtitva (free from death), visokatva (free from sorrow), avijighasatva (free from hunger), apipäsatva (free from thirst), satyakamatva (the power of realising all desire), and satyasankalpatva (the power of realising will). But jīvātmā can never attain the śrīvatsalanchana of paramatma as because this is His exceptional attribute. Jivātmā do not have the power of creation, protection and destruction of the worlds and its beings.
So in short this is the Philosophy of Anand Bhashyakar Srimad Jagadguru Ramanandacharya.
To know complete Philosophy Chant SitaRam SitaRam
अवध दुलारे अवध दुलारी प्रिया प्रीतम सरकार जु की जय❤❤


Does a self map from the wedge sum of two spheres have either a fixed point or a point of period 2?

Question: Let $X$ be the wedge sum of two $2$-dimensional spheres and $f$ a continuous function from $X$ into $X$. Does $f$ have either a fixed point or a periodic point of order 2?
Thanks
Comment: @Noam: Yes. On one sphere, send each point to its antipode. Send everything else to the antipode of the base point.
Comment: By the Lefschetz trace formula, if $M$ is the $2 \times 2$ matrix that gives the action of $f$ on $H^2$, then $tr(M)=-1$ and $tr(M^2)=-1$, so $tr(M)^2-2 det (M) = -1$, so $det(M)=1$.
Comment: @PedroPerez Will's argument says that if $f$ is a self-map such that neither $f$ nor $f^2$ has a fixed point, then $f$ must act with determinant one on $H^2(X)\simeq\mathbb{Z}^2$.  In particular, $f$ must be a homotopy equivalence.  I don't think that Will is making any claim about whether such a map $f$ exists.
Comment: Is there an example where $f$ has no fixed point?
Comment: @Will I do not know what are you saying, yes or no?
Answer: Will's comment above shows that the action of $f$ on $H^2$ is of order 3
(the eigenvalues are the nontrivial third roots of unity) and something like
$\begin{pmatrix}0&-1\\1&-1\end{pmatrix}$. So I thought
one should try a construction using third roots of unity realizing this.
Write the wedge as $S^1 \times [0,2] / \sim $ where one identifies
$(s,0)\sim (s',0),  (s,1)\sim (s',1), (s,2)\sim (s',2)$.
Let $\zeta$ be a third root of unity, and
define
$f: S^1 \times [0,2] / \sim\  \to \ S^1 \times [0,2] / \sim$
by
$f(s,t)=(\zeta s, 2-2t)$ for $t\le 1$ and $f(s,t)=(\zeta s, t-1)$ for $t\ge 1$
Note that the three points where $t=0,t=1,t=2$ are permuted cyclically.
This implies $f$ and $f^2$ have no fixed points (for all other points the $\zeta$ respectively $\zeta^2$ factor works).
Note also that multiplication by $\zeta$ is not really necessary, almost any rotation of the circle would be fine. Multiplication by $\zeta$ allows $f^3$ to be close to the identity. If one uses a different rotation, the three points with $t=0,t=1,t=2$ are the only fixed points.
Comment: Let me connect the dots of what nsrt and @WillSawin are saying: If $f$ and $f^2$ are fixed point free, then $Tr(M) = Tr(M^2) = -1$. Let the eigenvalues of $M$ be $\lambda$ and $\mu$. Then $\lambda+\mu = \lambda^2 + \mu^2 = -1$. The only solution to these equations is $(\lambda, \mu) = (\zeta, \zeta^{-1})$ for $\zeta$ a primitive cube root of unity. In particular, $M^3$ is the identity, so $f^3$ has fixed points and, if they are isolated smooth points of the spheres, then there are $3$ of them.
Comment: I want to make a very small remark. The rotation by $\zeta$ is not necessary in the second branch ($t\geq 1$) of the definition of $f$. So the following would also work: $f(s,t)=(\zeta s, 2-2t)$ for $t\leq 1$, and $f(s,t)=(s, t-1)$ for $t\geq 1$. Here, and also in the answer above, $\zeta$ can actually be any self-map of the circle such that $\zeta$ and $\zeta^2$ do not have fixed points: for example, $\zeta$ can be any rotation of the circle which is neither the identity nor the antipodal map.


ActionMailer Multipart messages with Markdown

Question: I'm trying to come up with an easy solution for creating multipart emails with ActionMailer to make life easier when writing HTML emails and also to make it easy to have a plain-text alternative. Basically, what I would like to have in an ideal world is a simple Markdown with Ruby file to render to a string and use as-is for the plain text mailer and run it through rdiscount or similar for the HTML part.
Comment: And what does prevent you to do that? Are you experiencing any error?
Answer: If you want to use José's approach he's released it as a separate gem. I just tried it with Rails 3.2.6 and it worked first time.
http://blog.plataformatec.com.br/2011/06/multipart-templates-with-markerb/
Answer: This is covered quite precisely in Crafting Rails Applications by José Valim. See section  4.2. If I might say, a great idea to use a more agnostic format than HTML for this specific purpose, especially due to the limited nature of HTML email.
My only issue with this section is that it uses a format of .merb to render markdown with embedded ruby, rather than .md.erb.


What is the best tool for labelling pictures?

Question: I am looking for a tool for labeling images. What I need to do is load in a large dataset of faces, and compare whether one image is older then the other, or the same age. I want to do this manually, and a tool that would place the two images side by side and allow me to chose one of the two. Any tips would be appreciated!
Comment: I was at an Exhibition recently where they had a camera with a face recognition system running nonstop, tracking visitors, inviting visitors to play with the system. Depending on head-camera distance, lighting, cutout, head rotation/tilt, facial expression etc the system estimated my age continuously: between 33 and 56. So do not expect great accuracy.
Comment: Specifying operating system would help.
Answer: Kairos is one of the better online face recognition tools but unless the face images are taken in a highly reproducible fashion (such as are specified for passport photos) results for matching rather than detection may be disappointing. If the aim is to estimate the age of the subject, I'm not sure if they offer that but they do estimate emotion. If the image date is in the metadata (date modified or date taken) then the comparison can be done with many tools
Answer: I think digikam might be useful here.
It has the side by side view, it has face recognition tagging, and it has generic tagging.


Using negative clock edge in phsical design

Question: In Verilog, is it ok to use negedge of clock. Can a memory element be triggered at the negedge of clock? How robust will be the design practically in the chip?
Answer: Internal memory blocks (e.g. M9K) are clocked at positive edge of the clock, thus they will do nothing on negative edge of the clock.
But you can feed inverted clock to the M9K block's clock input. For example, you have circuit built using always block which uses posedge of the clock to set memory address, data to write and control signals, and then, on following negedge, if you feed the same clock inverted into RAM block, RAM block will sample its input wires (address, data, control) and perform requested operation. I would view this type of operation as "waterfall" (not sure if there's any special term for it).
But there're downsides of it:

half period of clock must be long enough to have RAM input lines stable; e.g. in my experience for M9K single 1024x9 block I had configuration working properly at 8.8 ns clock, but two blocks combined did not work properly, thus I had to extend clock cycle twice;
data read from the RAM may appear not on the next rising edge of master clock, but in the second rising edge (because RAM operation is delayed half-clock). Again, if half-cycle of clock is long enough for RAM to retrieve its contents within time of half of the clock, you can sample data on next master clock rising edge, if not, you must have one spare cycle;
inverting clock at the input to RAM block will introduce very small delay, you should also take it into account.

If you have other devices rather than M9K blocks in mind, then you should refer to their datasheets and timing.


Can housing prices rise faster than incomes in the long run?

Question: I am curious in a macro economic sense, if housing prices really can continue to rise past 2006 levels (thinking US here..)  at a rate much faster than income is rising?
Comment: Can they? Yes, in some areas are least. Will they? Nobody knows for certain, and again it will depend on where.
Comment: well, local forces would not be a macro economic viewpoint.  I don't see how they can broadly over the long term unless people were to devote more and more (and eventually theoretically more than 100%) of their income to housing.
Comment: General economics questions are off topic here, btw; this is specifically a personal finance area. I believe there may be a separate stack for macroeconomics.
Answer: When over the long term housing costs in a area rise faster than wages rise, the demographic of who lives in the area changes. The size and income parameters change. A region that was full of young singles is now populated with couples with adult children, that means that the businesses and amenities have to change.
At a national level it isn't sustainable unless other items change. The portion of monthly income that can be safely allocated to housing would have to change. One adjustment could be the the lengthening of home loan periods, thus dropping the monthly payment.  This has been seen with car loans, over the last few decades the length of loans has increased.
In interesting related event could be the change in deduction of mortgage interest and property tax. If this was to change abruptly, there could be an abrupt change the estimated value of housing, because the calculus of affordability would change.
Answer: In a strictly mathematical sense, no. Or rather, it depends what 'long run' means.
Say today the home average is $200K, and payment is $900/mo. The $900 today happens to be about 20% of the median US monthly income (which is approximately $54,000/yr).
Housing rises 4%/yr, income 3%/yr. In 100 years (long enough?) the house costs $10M but incomes are 'only' $1.03M/yr, and the mortgage, even at the same rate is $45K/month, or, to be clear, it rose to 52% of monthly income.
My observation is that, long term, the median home costs what 25% of median income will support, in terms of the mortgage after downpayment. Long term. That means that if you graph this, you'll see trends above and below the long term line. You'll see a 25 year bubble form starting in the late 80's as rates dropped from near 18% to the Sub-4% in the early 00s. But once you normalize it to percent of income to pay the loan, much of the bubble is flattened out. At 18%, $1500/mo bought you a $100K mortgage, but at 3.5%, it bought $335K. This is in absolute dollars, wages also rose during that time. I am just clarifying how rates distort the long term trends and create the short term anomalies.


Daily basis interest calculation on Indian savings accounts

Question: I had read that RBI had instructed banks to calculate interests on daily balances from 1st april 2010. Has this been implemented or shelved? I haven't noticed any difference in my interest credits.
Comment: I could. My experience with call centers in general has wired my brain to not consider this option as a natural first course of action.
Comment: Um, simple reality check: why don't you call your bank, and ask them?
Answer: Yes, the measure was implemented.
Your interest credits used to be effected by the timing of your deposits and withdrawals. I think people who paid all their bills before the 10th, and then got paid on the 10th or just after, might notice a difference (might); but it's unlikely anyone else would.
This article discusses the change in the context of the basis point change - http://new.valueresearchonline.com/story/h2_storyview.asp?str=17308. It all sounds good on the surface, but with 7% inflation it's actually just mitigating your loss. Worth a read.
Comment: Between 10th and last day of the month was the period they took the average balance for. So you *were* getting a positive effect for depositing that money as it raised your average for the period. Now you get interest every day, so if you have three days of a high balance the higher interest is paid. You may be wondering if the change was worth it - for the regular individual investor it probably makes little noticeable difference. (I'm sure the banks would disagree.)
Comment: Earlier, if I moved in a large sum of money for just a couple  of days, say from the 15th to the 19th of a month, I would get no credit as the interest was calculated on the minimum balance from 10th to 10th. As per new rules, I would get 3 days interest for the large sum of money. Correct?
Answer: Earlier the balance was arrived at as;
- Average of Minimum balance between 10th and 25th.
- So if you balance was 50,000 on 10th morning, and during the day it went to 10,000 the balance for the day considred was 10,000.
- This was done for 16 days and the average balance for 16 would be sum of balance for each day divided by 16.
- The interest was given for the month using this balance.
In the new ruling the minimum balance every day would be used. This means that earlier if you get a salary on 1st and make bill payments from 5th to 10th, in the earlier system you would not get more interest. In the current system for the first 5 days your balance would be more and hence you would get more interest.
The difference in calculation would just reult in around 10% more interest for most users and its not noticible.


Does everything have frequency?

Question: I know that every object have a dual property but the wave nature is not observed because of their size. But in the photoelectric effect, light is not considered as a wave then how can we talk about its frequency (threshold frequency) if its not a wave? Or is light considered to be a wave as well when we talk about its frequency?
Answer: Wave-particle duality is a complicated philosophical idea with many different interpretations. It sounds like you're new to this so I'm going to give you a simple answer you can rely on to solve problems. Once you get the hang of things you can check out exotic ideas like the many-worlds interpretation.
Think about yourself. You are both a human being (a single object) and a collection of organs (many different objects). The fact that you are a human being doesn't mean that you aren't a collection of organs. Similarly, the fact that you are a collection of organs doesn't mean that you aren't a human being. They are two different ways of looking at the same thing.
Whether we view you as a human being or a collection of organs depends on the context. A lawyer determining your guilt of a crime would consider you a human being. A doctor performing a heart transplant would consider you a collection of organs. Both of them are correct. They use the appropriate model for the appropriate situation.
In the photoelectric effect it's better to treat light as a particle. That doesn't mean light isn't a wave. You could model the photoelectric effect perfectly accurately while treating light as a wave. But that is way harder than modelling the photoelectric effect while treating light as a particle so we treat light as a particle when modelling the photoelectric effect. On the other hand, if we want to discuss light's frequency then it's simpler to use the wave model of light than the particle model of light.
Does everything have frequency? As far as we can tell, yes it does. The frequency of a particle is equal to the particle's energy divided by Plank's constant. Usually we talk about De Brogie wavelength instead of frequency, but conceptually they're the same thing.
Comment: So the photoelectric effect can be explained by the wave theory of light? But didn't the particle theory of light emerge just because of the fact that wave theory couldn't explain photoelectric effect?
Comment: The photoelectric effect can be explained with a 2019-level understanding of the wave nature of light. The particle theory of light you're referring to appeared around 100 years ago and involved not just the photoelectric effect but also black-body radiation. The scientific idea of light has a complicated history. It goes back-and-forth between particle and wave. If you're interested in the history of light I recommend a top-level question, since it's too complicated to go into in a comment.
Answer: It is quite annoying that after almost a century of QM, and half a century of QFT, people are still mislead by the persistence of questionable interpretations like the (in)famous duality. The position of Richard Feynman, more than 50 years ago was crystalline clear:

The electrons arrive in lumps, like particles, and the probability of arrival of these lumps is distributed like the distribution of intensity of a wave. It is in this sense that an electron behaves "sometimes like a particle and sometimes like a wave."

Which is not equivalent to a vague statement about  electrons which may behave in some cases as particles ad in other cases as waves. It means that the dynamics is always described by wave-like properties of the evolving probability amplitude, while measurements are always described as in the case of classical particles by yes/not results (either the full charge is measured or no charge, either the full spin is measured or no spin, only a full particle is detected and no fraction of a particle has ever been measured). A good summary of the reasons Wave-Particle Duality should be eliminated from modern introductions to QM is nicely given in the Klein's  page cited in the juanrga's answer to this SE question.
Photoelectric effect is actually quite a subtle topic as far as the corpuscular character of the light is concerned. Historically, Einstein's explanation was the first to appear, but it pre-dates the proper QED treatment  of photons. Moreover, just one year after Schrödinger published his famous equation, Wentzel was able to show that Einstein's conclusions about photo-electrons could be obtained within a QM treatment of the electrons in the presence of a classical radiation field. Thus showing that the logical link between photons and photoelectric effect is more subtle than previously thought.
So, what about the frequency (or wavelength) associated to a particle?
It should never be interpreted as if the particle would be a wave. This point should be almost obvious if one reflects about the case of two particles. Their wavefunction does not live in the 3D space as an ordinary wave. The wave in the 6D configuration space controls the dynamics through its interpretation as probability amplitude. It is possible to meaningfully speak about frequency and wavelength of such a wave, but always bearing in mind that frequency and wavelength are physical properties of the probability amplitude, not of the particle/particles. For this last conceptual step, there is nothing in the formalism allowing such conclusion.

Does everything have frequency?


2004 ford f150 smoke coming out of my two back tires

Question: I was driving into town the other day , I noticed vibration on the truck . At first i thought it was just the road . Later I felt like some body comes behind me and gives me a little push on the truck while I was driving . When that happened the engine light turned on for a little bit . When I got to my place I noticed smoke coming out of my 2 back tires , it smelled really bad (burning rubber) .
Could it be a cylinder , caliper ?
I just put a new caliper on 2 weeks ago , and also new wheels bearings on both sides . What could cause all of that to happen
Answer: @Pete: I was thinking that as a possibility as well. If the bearings were over tightened they would self destruct within an hour and would be a catastrophic failure. I had that on 1989 VW Fox destroyed the race, pulverized the bearings and with such force it the retaining nut milled the spindle smooth as the drum impacted the spindle. This happened on both rear wheels.
I doubt it would be the calipers seeing that they were new. One possible explanation for the vibration  and the smoke from the tires as well a light on the dash board. Were the parking brakes not fully released?
Comment: Parking brakes were my thinking as well.
Comment: @paulster2- Great minds think alike :)
Answer: For me, it sounds like the wheel bearings weren't installed correctly - too tightly or too loosely - that could account for the 'little push', as the bearings seize and then release. The smoke could be the bearing grease burning off (I've seen more than once - and done it once - where Lithium Grease was used on a wheel bearing. It burns off very quickly, and the bearing dies within weeks. You need to use high-temperature grease specifically designed for wheel bearings).


Update required when turn on Mac (Yosemite)

Question: I recently install Yosemite, I then found that every time I turn my computer off and turn it back on, it would ask for my password for an update (Update Required) it would then go through an update with a progression bar and then boot as normal. I have been on the App Store and checked if I require any updates for anything and it just says I am up too date. Any suggestions on how to make this stop or what it is actually doing would be most appreciated.
Answer: I do not have the Yosemite, but on Mavericks you can turn off the Auto Updates in System Preferences.
Open App Store in syst pref and disable the automatically check for update.
After restart you can enable it again to see if it is working now as it should.
If not use Disk Utility and repair the disk permissions.


how to add a wms layer to a bing map using javascript?

Question: how do I add a wms layer to a bing map using javascript? anyone know any good examples?
Answer: Typically I've used a proxy service that translates the quad key to the proper coordinates of the wms.  A good start for writing such a proxy service in C# as a web handler can be found here: http://www.viawindowslive.com/Articles/VirtualEarth/AccessingWMSfromVirtualEarth.aspx
The problem lies in the way that bings maps requires you to specify a tile url. If you're not locked into bing maps, this sort of thing is much easier with Google Maps version 2.0 or Open layers as the above poster suggested.
Answer: if you have to use WMS for the tile server, then I would seriously look at OpenLayers.
This is excellent at mixing different toolkits and formats. Eg. putting KML overlays over WMS, or (as in your case) WMS over Bing Maps.
If you have your own choice of tile server and you have rasters, then I would use MapCruncher instead and load it natively in Bing Maps.
Comment: And add Proj4JS (used by OpenLayers) to perform any re-projections that are necessary.


Theme variation conflict with jquery select2 dropdown

Question: I'm exploring the possibilities of theme variations as shown with the Twenty Twenty Three theme, but I've run into a problem with a conflict with the JQuery Select2 component used in an important form that I haven't managed to figure out how to resolve. Select2 is used within a plugin of my own design, so I have the option of changing how it's configured or the CSS associated with it if I can only figure out how.
The issue is that when switching to a "Dark theme" variation, as in dark background, white text, the text for options within the select dropdown become illegible. I do have CSS specifying that form areas should use a white background / dark text for better legibility of form options. But the problem is that the options within the dropdown are all displayed in a shade of white within a white background. Apparently, this is being determined by the "contrast" color specified in the json for the theme variation.
<code>"settings": {
    "color": {
        "palette": [
            {
                "color": "#004165",
                "name": "Base",
                "slug": "base"
            },
            {
                "color": "#e8eaed",
                "name": "Contrast",
                "slug": "contrast"
            },
</code>
Digging into the Select2 documentation, I found a brief reference to setting a theme specifically for the dropdown display and tried this code, but it didn't seem to help
<code>$( '.editor_assign' ).select2({theme: 'classic'});
</code>
Setting CSS for the option tag doesn't seem to work.
I've also tried spelunking through the CSS code distributed with select2 and using the Chrome inspector tool to try to identify the problem and figure out CSS code that would tell Select2 how to color the select options but no luck so far.
For example, I tried this
<code>.editor_assign .select2-selection--single, .editor_assign .select2-container--classic.select2-container--open .select2-selection--single {
    color: #111;
}
</code>
Any suggestions would be appreciated.
Comment: if you can override it in CSS there's a chance the colours you need are in CSS variables so you can make it dynamically grab the variants colours
Answer: Tom, thank you for the clue. Here's what I eventually got to work.
<code>.select2-container {
    color: #000;
    --wp--preset--color--contrast: #000;
}
</code>


How do I increase the ABV of a batch of beer?

Question: Some dude from the VSHA is offering to find me better employees but he wants a good beer with higher than normal ABV as payment.  How do I increase the ABV of beer?
Answer: There is no way to increase the ABV of a brew, however - certain brews have "High ABV" as a characteristic, visible from the brew screen after viewing a brew:

Brewing this beverage will result in a brew with a higher than average ABV.
Answer: Some brews, such as Sigel's Hoptometrist imperial IPA, comes with the property of High ABV.  I used this brew to satisfy the event requirement.


Were there any specifics rules that were used to convert Chinese vocabulary into Japanese? Are they still perceptible in Modern Chinese?

Question: I know that when Chinese characters were incorporated into Japanese writing/vocabulary their pronunciation changed to be easier for Japanese people to pronounce, but were there any specific rules? What I mean by rules is if there was a systematic approach where certain Chinese phonemes were always converted to certain Japanese phonemes. If so, is this still perceptible in Modern Chinese?
Answer: Phonemes are not really applicable to the Chinese character system, but there was (and still is) indeed a systematic approach to convert most Chinese characters' pronunciation into Japanese on'yomi, based on the system known as fanqie ([反切]{はんせつ}). In this system, any character's pronunciation is reconstructed through a description from two other characters 「X」 and 「Y」, with the description expressed as 「XY切」. The reconstruction takes the onset of 「X」 and the rime of 「Y」 to form the pronunciation of the character as a single syllable.
This system is frozen (not dead), as it is still sometimes applicable to uncommon Chinese characters finding their way into a Japanese text, but it is entirely based on the vocabulary of Middle Chinese (not Old Chinese or any variety of Modern Chinese), which no longer characterises a living language. This is an important point, as on'yomi specifically relates to Middle Chinese words derived from the fanqie system, not Chinese-derived words in general. For example, the following words are derived from Chinese and are written with the same characters in Chinese, but are not on'yomi:

[梅]{うめ} (Baxter-Sagart OC: /*C.mˤə/)
[上海]{シャンハイ} (Mandarin Pinyin: Shànghǎi)

Worked example: Fanqie reconstruction of the on'yomi of 「掛」

The fanqie description of 「掛」 is 「古賣切」
On'yomi of 「古」:

Go-on: [く]{ku}
Kan-on: [こ]{ko}

On'yomi of 「賣」:

Go-on: [め]{me}
Kan-on: [ばい]{bai}

Taking the on'yomi analogy to the onset and rime components of these characters, we can get the on'yomi of 「掛」 as

Go-on: ku + me = [ke]{け}
Kan-on: ko + bai = [kai]{かい}

Ironically, due to the comparatively simplified nature of Japanese phonology in on'yomi words, fanqie works the best in Japanese out of all the languages it is applicable to (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese). You can use fanqie for Mandarin Chinese, but very likely you'll get an inexact match for the onset or a not-so-correct tone.
Answer: It is unlikely that a modern Chinese person can recognize a Sino-Japanese word or name unles the 漢字 had very minimal phonetic changes and was adopted into Japanese accurately.
A good example of it is 天才. In current Sino-Japanese, it is Tensai(てんさい). The difference between Mandarin and Sino-Japanese is very minimal since the Japanese had no issue adopting it and didn't change its phonology over time as much. However, the majority of Sino-Japanese has been simplified, both when they were first adopted into Japan and throughout Japan's history.
For example.
According to the Japanese, Mei in 名 is Tang Chinese, and they kept this pronunciation the same as it was during the adoption from Tang Chinese. However, the issue here is that Modern Mandarin Chinese is closer to Song Chinese. And another issue is that during the adoption of Mei, they probably didn't have the N(ん) Kana, so the Tang pronunciation of it could very easily be Meing. The G gets thrown out of the window cuz Japanese still doesn't have any equivalent of G, so the technically Song pronunciation of 名 becomes Min(みん), but the problem is that Song pronunciation is not that popular in Sino-Japanese. Wu and Tang pronunciations are much more common. The modern Sino-Japanese Wu pronunciation for 名 is Myou but this is a simplified pronunciation. During the first adoption, it was Myau, and since they don't have G and ん wasn't a thing yet, that's what they wrote it as.
So, according to Japanese history, Old Wu Chinese for 名 would be Myaung, Tang would be Meing, while Song is, of course, Ming, which are now Myou, Mei, and Min respectively. However, they didn't take the Song pronunciation for 名. Song Chinese pronunciation is more rare, and is not as common as what you usually hear as Ming in Modern Mandarin.
Example words are:
名字 = Myouji
名作 = Meisaku
明朗 = Meirou
民衆 = Minshuu
民主 = Minshu
無名 = Mumei
瞑想 = Meisou
冥助 = Meijo
明星 = Myoujou
名代 = Myoudai
冥利 = Myouri
So unfortunately, unless you have knowledge of how Chinese was adopted and developed in Japan, you wouldn't understand Sino-Japanese just by sound, and Mandarin has even more deviations from Middle Chinese than other Chinese languages so that makes it harder for Mandarin speakers. Though learning the pronunciation history is definitely fun and will make you remember the modern Japanese ones easier. Since there's a decent amount that stayed the same at the core such as 快 Which is Kuai in Mandarin, and Kai in Modern Sino-Japanese, but it used to be Kwai in Middle Japanese. So much so that they have a separate kana for the historic W sound for Kwa which is くゎ. That Small わ(Wa) is only used like that, and you basically normally never see it in modern standard Japanese.


Green images when doing a JPEG encoding from YUV_420_888 using the new Android camera2 api

Question: I am trying to use the new camera api. The burst capture was going too slow, so I use the YUV_420_888 format in the ImageReader and do a JPEG enconding later, as was suggested in the following post:
Android camera2 capture burst is too slow
The problem is that I am getting green images when I try to encode JPEG from YUV_420_888 using RenderScript as follows:
RenderScript rs = RenderScript.create(mContext);
ScriptIntrinsicYuvToRGB yuvToRgbIntrinsic = ScriptIntrinsicYuvToRGB.create(rs, Element.RGBA_8888(rs));
Type.Builder yuvType = new Type.Builder(rs, Element.YUV(rs)).setX(width).setY(height).setYuvFormat(ImageFormat.YUV_420_888);
Allocation in = Allocation.createTyped(rs, yuvType.create(), Allocation.USAGE_SCRIPT);

Type.Builder rgbaType = new Type.Builder(rs, Element.RGBA_8888(rs)).setX(width).setY(height);
Allocation out = Allocation.createTyped(rs, rgbaType.create(), Allocation.USAGE_SCRIPT);

in.copyFrom(data);

yuvToRgbIntrinsic.setInput(in);
yuvToRgbIntrinsic.forEach(out);

Bitmap bmpout = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
out.copyTo(bmpout);

ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
bmpout.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos);
byte[] jpegBytes = baos.toByteArray();

data variable (the YUV_420_888 data) is obtained from:
ByteBuffer buffer = mImage.getPlanes()[0].getBuffer();
byte[] data = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
buffer.get(data);

What am I doing wrong in the JPEG encoding to get the images only in green?
Thanks in advance
Edited: This is an example of the images in green that I obtain:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1yCC7QDeEjdaXF2dVp6NWV6eWs/view?usp=sharing
Comment: FWIW, a YUV value of 0,0,0 is a medium-green color. So if your image is entirely green, my guess is you're converting a buffer full of zeroes rather than a buffer full of YUV pixel data.
Comment: HI, did you manage to solve this problem?
Comment: I have edited the question with an example of the images I am obtaining. They are not entirely in green, it seems to be in green scale.

I think that is because I get the data from only the first plane of the three that YUV format have. I have search a way to get the info from the three planes and pass it to the RenderScript, but I was not able to make the little code I have found work.
Comment: I tried your codes and the saved png image is green. It seems that ScriptIntrinsicYuvToRGB cannot transform YUV_420_888 into bitmap. Do you find another way to achieve it?
Answer: So there are several layers of answers to this question.
First, I don't believe there's a direct way to copy an Image of YUV_420_888 data into an RS Allocation, even if the allocation is of format YUV_420_888.
So if you're not using the Image for anything else than this JPEG encode step, then you can just use an Allocation as the output for the camera directly, by using Allocation#getSurface and Allocation#ioReceive. Then you can perform your YUV->RGB conversion and read out the bitmap.
However, note that JPEG files, under the hood, actually store YUV data, so when you go to compress the JPEG, Bitmap is going to do another RGB->YUV conversion as it saves the file.  For maximum efficiency, then, you'd want to feed the YUV data directly to a JPEG encoder that can accept it, and avoid the extra conversion steps entirely.  Unfortunately, this isn't possible through the public APIs, so you'd have to drop down to JNI code and include your own copy of libjpeg or an equivalent JPEG encoding library.
If you don't need to save JPEG files terribly quickly, you can swizzle the YUV_420_888 data into a NV21 byte[] and then use YuvImage, though you need to pay attention to the pixel and row strides of your YUV_420_888 data and map it correctly to NV21 - YUV_420_888 is flexible and can represent several different kinds of memory layouts (including NV21) and may be different on different devices. So when modifying the layout to NV21, it's critical to make sure you are doing the mapping correctly.
Comment: worse, while YUV_420_888 is declared as one of the formats for RS, as of today, Renderscript [does not support this format](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/rs/+/4bcc2cf8f68f80bed9815549f73af4720f9322d2/cpp/Type.cpp#218).
Comment: That's not true at the Java level, at least in a quick test. The google demo https://github.com/googlesamples/android-HdrViewfinder which uses YUV_420_888: https://github.com/googlesamples/android-HdrViewfinder/blob/master/Application/src/main/java/com/example/android/hdrviewfinder/ViewfinderProcessor.java#L54 works fine for me on a Google Pixel 2 running Android 8.1.
Comment: Looks like for `USAGE_IO_INPUT` this could work. Furthermore, I won't be surprised if under the hood this format is ignored, and HAL provides the actual NV21  or YV12 instead, see e.g. [rsallocation.c](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/compile/libbcc/+/4293770c4700c898f252fbba14aa5f1c33380b41/lib/Renderscript/runtime/rs_allocation.c#287)
Answer: Do you have to use RenderScript?
If not, you could transform the image from YUV to N21 and then from N21 to JPEG without any fancy structures.
First you take the 0 and 2 plane to get N21:
private byte[] convertYUV420ToN21(Image imgYUV420) {
    byte[] rez = new byte[0];

    ByteBuffer buffer0 = imgYUV420.getPlanes()[0].getBuffer();
    ByteBuffer buffer2 = imgYUV420.getPlanes()[2].getBuffer();
    int buffer0_size = buffer0.remaining();
    int buffer2_size = buffer2.remaining();
    rez = new byte[buffer0_size + buffer2_size];

    buffer0.get(rez, 0, buffer0_size);
    buffer2.get(rez, buffer0_size, buffer2_size);

    return rez;
}

Then you can use YuvImage's built in method to compress to JPEG. The w and the h arguments are the width and the height of your image file.
private byte[] convertN21ToJpeg(byte[] bytesN21, int w, int h) {
    byte[] rez = new byte[0];

    YuvImage yuv_image = new YuvImage(bytesN21, ImageFormat.NV21, w, h, null);
    Rect rect = new Rect(0, 0, w, h);
    ByteArrayOutputStream output_stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    yuv_image.compressToJpeg(rect, 100, output_stream);
    rez = output_stream.toByteArray();

    return rez;
}

Comment: A YUV_420_888 buffer isn't the same as NV21, so you can't just concatenate the 3 planes together and treat it as NV21.  You need to look at the row and pixel strides of the UV buffers and potentially read out pixel by pixel;  NV21 is semi-planar (interleaved V/U planes) while YUV_420_888 may be either semi-planar or fully planar.  You also need to pay attention to row stride -the input to YuvImage is assumed to have no row stride, while the Y, U and V planes of Image may have a row stride > width.
Comment: I don't need to use RenderScript.

I tried your code, but the image is not correct. You can see here the result:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1yCC7QDeEjdcjlCRGRPaVR1RVk/view?usp=sharing

Thank you very much anyway!
Comment: There is a part of the image that now looks ok, don't you think? It seems to me like you need to examine how you pass the arguments to these methods (specifically the width and the height). Experiment with them to see if the outcome is different.
Answer: I managed to get this to work, the answer provided by panonski is not quite right, and a big issue is that this YUV_420_888 format covers many different memory layouts where the NV21 format is very specific (I don't know why the default format was changed in this way, it makes no sense to me)
Note that this method can be pretty slow for a couple of reasons.

Because NV21 interlaces the chroma channels, and YUV_420_888 includes formats that have non-interlaced chroma channels, the only reliable option (that I know of) is to do a byte-by-byte copy. I am interested to know if there is a trick to speed this process up, I suspect there is one. I provide a grayscale-only option because that part is very fast row-by-row copy.
When grabbing frames from the camera, their bytes will be marked as protected which means direct access is impossible and they must be copied to be manipulated directly.
The image appears to be stored in reverse byte order, so after conversion the final array needs to be reversed. This might just be my camera and I suspect there is another trick to be found here that can speed this up a lot.

Anyway here is the code:
private byte[] getRawCopy(ByteBuffer in) {
    ByteBuffer rawCopy = ByteBuffer.allocate(in.capacity());
    rawCopy.put(in);
    return rawCopy.array();
}

private void fastReverse(byte[] array, int offset, int length) {
    int end = offset + length;
    for (int i = offset; i < offset + (length / 2); i++) {
        array[i] = (byte)(array[i] ^ array[end - i  - 1]);
        array[end - i  - 1] = (byte)(array[i] ^ array[end - i  - 1]);
        array[i] = (byte)(array[i] ^ array[end - i  - 1]);
    }
}

private ByteBuffer convertYUV420ToN21(Image imgYUV420, boolean grayscale) {

    Image.Plane yPlane = imgYUV420.getPlanes()[0];
    byte[] yData = getRawCopy(yPlane.getBuffer());

    Image.Plane uPlane = imgYUV420.getPlanes()[1];
    byte[] uData = getRawCopy(uPlane.getBuffer());

    Image.Plane vPlane = imgYUV420.getPlanes()[2];
    byte[] vData = getRawCopy(vPlane.getBuffer());

    // NV21 stores a full frame luma (y) and half frame chroma (u,v), so total size is
    // size(y) + size(y) / 2 + size(y) / 2 = size(y) + size(y) / 2 * 2 = size(y) + size(y) = 2 * size(y)
    int npix = imgYUV420.getWidth() * imgYUV420.getHeight();
    byte[] nv21Image = new byte[npix * 2];
    Arrays.fill(nv21Image, (byte)127); // 127 -> 0 chroma (luma will be overwritten in either case)

    // Copy the Y-plane
    ByteBuffer nv21Buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(nv21Image);
    for(int i = 0; i < imgYUV420.getHeight(); i++) {
        nv21Buffer.put(yData, i * yPlane.getRowStride(), imgYUV420.getWidth());
    }

    // Copy the u and v planes interlaced
    if(!grayscale) {
        for (int row = 0; row < imgYUV420.getHeight() / 2; row++) {
            for (int cnt = 0, upix = 0, vpix = 0; cnt < imgYUV420.getWidth() / 2; upix += uPlane.getPixelStride(), vpix += vPlane.getPixelStride(), cnt++) {
                nv21Buffer.put(uData[row * uPlane.getRowStride() + upix]);
                nv21Buffer.put(vData[row * vPlane.getRowStride() + vpix]);
            }
        }

        fastReverse(nv21Image, npix, npix);
    }

    fastReverse(nv21Image, 0, npix);

    return nv21Buffer;
}

Comment: Sorry, my mistake.This is what happens when too many Chrome tabs are open in parallel.
Comment: Unless you are unsatisfied with your own answer, please accept it. Regarding reverse order of pixels, your camera may simply have non-standard orientation, like [Nexus 5X](https://www.theverge.com/2015/11/9/9696774/google-nexus-5x-upside-down-camera). And yes, your conversion to N21 could be improved for such upside-down camera.
Comment: @AlexCohn I'd love to accept my answer but since I didn't ask the question, I can't
Comment: unfortunately this method didn't work for me. @panonski's method worked for me except on some edge devices where I get some green tears.
Answer: If I understood your description correctly I can see at least two problems in your code:

It seems you are only passing the Y part of your image to the YUV->RGB conversion code, because it looks like you are only using the first plane in ByteBuffer buffer = mImage.getPlanes()[0].getBuffer();, ignoring the U and V planes.
I'm not familiar with these Renderscript types yet, but it looks like  Element.RGBA_8888 and Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 refer to slight different ordering of bytes so you might need to do some reordering work.

Both problems could be the cause of the green color of the resulting picture.
Comment: I I think that it is because of both things. I tried to reordering the alpha bytes, but I get only red images, or pink or yellow instead of green ones.

And I suspect that the other reason is that I am using only the first plane, but I do not know how to put all the info of the planes in only one well formed byte array (if I have to put the bytes from one plane after the previous one, or in which order, etc)
Answer: This is a answer/question.
On several similar post, it's recommended to use this script :
https://github.com/pinguo-yuyidong/Camera2/blob/master/camera2/src/main/rs/yuv2rgb.rs
But i don't know how to use it. Advices are welcome.
Answer: Did the above conversion worked? because I tried it using renderscript by copying the first and last plane and I still received a green filtered image like the one from above.
Comment: No, I have put in a comment the link to the image I obtained. It is not entirely green, but the colors weren't the good ones.


How to make your paragraphs flow from paragraph to paragraph

Question: I am writing a fictional novel.  I have just begun and had my daughter read what I had written up until now, her reply was it is very good, but she feels I am jumping all over the place.  Any comments appreciated.
Comment: Possibly related: https://writing.stackexchange.com/q/41364/14704
Comment: While I think Dawn's issues may be of a similar sort, judging by the original version of this question, I feel the answers here are more targetted to this case. It's difficult to tell without a significant writing sample - though it's really not my place to determine that; rather, it's Dawn's. But it feels to me like there are many versions of this issue, and no single question will ever cover even a quarter of the domain - unless it's written by melding several others together.
Comment: Thankyou,...I have read over my script and I do feel the issue is going forward  and going back will correct my issues.Great site and I appreciate your time...Dawn
Answer: When we write things forwards, we also write them backwards
When you stagger into your apartment, still shaking from the shock, rain dripping from your coat, and your daughter looks up and asks what's wrong, you're already rehearsing the story of minor fender-bender.  You explain that when you slammed on the brakes, sliding on the wet roads and getting into a fender-bender, it was actually a miracle.  You barely avoided that semi which had just jack-knifed in front of you!
The probable cause of someone saying that your writing jumps around is that there is a feeling that you weren't sure where an idea was taking you until you got there.
Now, if you look up at the two paragraphs above, we just jumped from a disaster to a dry remark about writing.  However, they are both thematically bound together by the idea of composing an idea for someone else to understand.
Writing, first and foremost, is riffing on a theme
Obviously, you're making things up when you write fiction, or when you write most anything.  At least, you're choosing words and punctuating in the moment.  But you are not making everything up out of nothing.  Even seat-of-the-pants writers likely have some notion or skeleton forming in their mind before the particular sentences or paragraphs they are currently composing are molded onto that rough frame.  And, usually, there isn't really a focus on bridging between individual sentences, or paragraph breaks.  You put in a period because you finished saying something.  (Not necessarily even a whole idea - but something.)
You put in a new paragraph for emphasis, maybe, or to give visual variety to a wall of text - or hopefully because you completed a larger thought.  That might not have been the best place for a paragraph break, come to think of it.  But all the smaller thoughts have to flow together into a bigger thought.  That is, you start writing towards a destination.  A chapter or scene in a novel needs to be logical - to go 'from here to there.'  And that destination moves backwards, becoming clearer, meeting you near the end, or someplace before that.  Then the whole piece will have coherence, even if you jumped from a car accident to a reflection on narrative unity.  In your mind you've written backwards to meet the beginning, as on the paper you wrote forwards.
At least, that's how I write.
(And then I go back to edit for clarity, and to make sure there aren't any weird gaps in my thinking.  You shouldn't skip the editing part.)
Comment: Thankyou, I can relate, sounds exactly  what have been doing.
Answer: From Open Polytechnic:

Connect words, sentences and paragraphs.
  Show the relationship between ideas.
  Indicate the order of things and their relative importance.
  Indicate when something new is coming.
  Signal to readers how an idea fits in and where it's going.
  Introduce a summary or a conclusion.

I would add that you should seek out many opinions and specific advice from people to illustrate in what ways your writing is not flowing, and their specific suggestions on how to fix it.  From the information you've currently provided, it's virtually impossible to tell you why your writing doesn't flow, so I would recommend adding an example from your own writing if you're comfortable with that.
Finally, the best way to improve any aspect of your writing is to read others' writing, so find a book or author whose prose flows nicely in your opinion, and try employing similar strategies in your own writing.  Practice makes perfect!
Comment: I have added an example  for you all to review.
Comment: example:My mother eagerly entered the hallway with a cheerful smile, I could see the sparkle light up in her eyes as she proceeded to the doorway to welcome my Father home .
It has been almost a week ,but it feels like months and my Father has finally returned home from a visit to my grandmothers on the Isle of Mull...With laughter I stand at the  door to meet him. With a sigh of releif ,I welcome him home with open arms.
Answer: I read mine aloud; the eye can be fooled more easily. Find a quiet moment and read your piece. The flaws and roughness will become apparent and you move in, add a few words and move on.
Read it again, if it flows now you can enjoy the feeling and move on.
I am a discovery writer and my work began with a deep knowledge of three people. I began writing and those people kept meeting others and doing things. I have nearly 300k words.
I jump to other scenes, different locations and different people, but all are connected to one of the earlier characters. Some seek his help, others wish to help him, still others hunt him.
Understand your characters and where you think the story will go. Chances are, it will take a left turn that surprises you. If you know your characters, what they mean to each other - even if these details never make it into your work, they will shape it.
What I know about my people colours how I write each scene. Even though it might appear disjointed, all is connected and it flows.
When I am unsure, I read the passage aloud and the problem leaps up and announces itself. I either delete a few words or add a phrase - whichever it calls for.
Comment: Thankyou for your help, it all makes sense.I will take your advice...
Comment: @Dawn My pleasure


Is it possible to fry a lamp's internal wiring if I put the wrong bulb in?

Question: I went to the hardware store pulled a bunch of LED bulbs off the shelf.  One of the bulbs found its way into the wrong box and had a significantly smaller screw base than your typical light bulb base.  Because I wasn't paying attention to this as I was putting in all the bulbs, I inadvertently attempted to put in the bulb with the smaller base which tripped a breaker, causing all my power to go out.  I switched all the breakers back on and my power came back, but now my light won't work.  Did I destroy the fixture forever or is there something that I am missing here?  It's wired up to a dimmer control if that is of any use here.
Comment: Yes, the short circuit probably ruined the dimmer control.
Answer: TL;DR: The dimmer's toast. Replace it.
The short circuit or overload condition indeed likely smoked the switching element in the dimmer; modern dimmers use a special type of transistor-like switching element known as a triac to cut part of each half-cycle of the AC wave out in order to reduce the power being applied to the lamp.  Unfortunately, triacs are very intolerant of short-circuits, and to make a short-circuit resistant dimmer would drive the dimmer makers out of business, so dimmers just let out the magic smoke whenever shorted (such as when a portable lamp is on a dimmer, and the bulb is broken).
Comment: You could add that the triac switching circuits used also do not like short circuits at all. Manufacturers could design dimmers with added short circuit protection but that adds to the cost of the dimmer and thus makes their product not able to compete with other cheaper products. Note that it is also common that dimmer equipped portable light fixtures will experience triac failure when an active ON light is knocked over and the mechanical shock breaks the filament. The hot filament ends fly around and can create shorts if they contact the opposite (continued)
Comment: (continued from above) support electrode in the bulb and thus take out the triac.
Comment: Indeed it was toasted.  I replaced it and the new one works.  Good call


How can I disable profanity filtering of autocomplete suggestions?

Question: I'm using a Galaxy Nexus with Android 4.2.2. I started using the baked in Swype imitation/gesture typing as soon as I found out it was there. However, the profanity filtering is extremely frustrating. It's way too liberal - it won't even recognize "sucks." I poked around a bit but can't find anywhere to disable it. Is this possible?
Answer: Just type it in once, click it, and save it. Done.
You can also go to Settings > Language and Input > Personal Dictionary and add your words from there.
Comment: OK, then type in some gibberish, click it, then again to save to dictionary. When the dialog comes up, replace it with whatever word you want and save. Just did this with 4.2.2 default keyboard and it works.
Comment: Doesn't work. Android already recognizes most of them as valid words.


Skyrim no Markarth job for under new management special quests

Question: I need to get a few Markarth jobs but it won't give me any. I just get jobs for Windhelm, White Run, and Solitude but not Markarth. I just want to complete this.
Comment: What are you playing skyrim on? xbox, playstation, or pc?
Comment: I did that and it keeps giving me the other towns it's super annoying I think it's glitched
Comment: Pc please help I need to finish this quest it's making me so frustrated
Answer: This is for the "One With the Shadows" achievement right? The jobs are chosen at random, so just quick save before you talk to them, if it's not Markath quickload and try again, that's what I did.
Comment: Is there a certain job I should pick cause I was just doing fishing jobs from delvin who's more common, vex or delvin?
Answer: Here are your odds of getting a Markarth job:

Bedlam (Delvin, Dragonborn not installed): 20%
Bedlam (Delvin, Dragonborn installed): 17%
Numbers (Delvin): 15%
Heist (Vex): 14.3%
Burglary, Shill or Sweep (Vex): 13.8%

The odds for Fishing jobs are a little tougher to figure out, and are highly dependent on how many citizens of each major city have fallen to Vampires, newly minted Werewolves, Dark Brotherhood members/wannabes, or Forsworn mass jailbreaks.  Also be aware that the Dragonborn DLC dilutes the target pool for Fishing too.  YMMV


Why does water splash up?

Question: I've noticed occasionally whenever I start to put down a glass of water quickly it splashed up, even without it making contact with the desk. And another example is when I have the faucet running after I brush my teeth, if the sink fills up a bit and I spit the toothpaste into it water splashes up with the toothpaste. Why does this happen?
Answer: Firstly, there is a relevant physics stackexchange answer here: Why is the splash of water always vertical, no matter in which angle the gunfire hits the surface? That was for a gun firing onto the water surface.
You mentioned two cases: Placing a glass of water and spitting into a body of water.
In the case of placing a glass of water on a desk, decelerating the glass rapidly before placing it on the desk, you cause disturbances on the water surface which result in waves. Sooner or later, the right combination of waves cause the water to break free from the surface and cause a splash as seen in this video.
As for spitting on the water surface, the initial impact of the spit droplets causes a reaction that pushes water back upwards after the droplet has landed. The temporary void or hole cause by the landing of the droplet results in a circular wavefront rushing inwards to fill the void. As the wavefront meets, water is pushed upwards, sometimes causing a spectacular splash, as seen in this video.
Answer: Your first example: This will only happen if you move the glass faster than the contained water can follow due to gravitation. You basically "pull the glass away" from the water which creates turbulences inside it. If you do it violently with a lot of force, the water will already splash at this point. Once you slow down, the water will "fall" back into your glass where its momentum is reflected from the glass' bottom causing the water to splash again.
Since water is liquid, its momentum is not reflected like it would be for a rigid body but the glass prevents it from splashing sideways so the only direction is upwards.
Your second example is in a way similar. You spit something in the sink with a given momentum. If the momentum is small (just as putting a glass down slowly) nothing will splash because the water can reorder around the object. If the momentum is large on the other hand, you will cause turbulences that make the water splash. If you manage to spit so forcefully that you hit the bottom of the sink, the toothpaste will be deformed (kinetic energy will be used for the deformation) but part of it will also be reflected and splash up taking some water with it.

Why does water splash up?


Alpha-Over Node Not Working

Question:
This is my composite setup. From all tutorials, wikis, etc, this should place the movie clip in the background and the wall/thing in the foreground. Does anyone have any idea what I'm doing wrong?
Answer: Your nodes are correct, but how can you see through the "walking/thing" layer if your walking/thing render is fully opaque? You need a transparent background for that.
If what's behind your objects is only the world environment, then the simplest way to get transparency is to head over your render tab, Film panel and check the Transparent option:
Answer: You forgot to make the world background as transparent. To do so, go to Render Properties > Film > check Transparent.

Alpha-Over Node Not Working


How to round out edges?

Question: Okay so this is my very first character i've started to make and I need a little bit of guidance if you guys do not mind, How could I curve the sides of the shoes to make them more realistic looking? because right now I feel like it is throwing off my whole model.  Thanks! :)
Comment: Reference images is what most people of all standards dig up first. The initial outcome with realism has a lot to do with topology. That'll at least get rid of some resistance.
Answer: If you want to keep the flat shaded look, then you'll just have to model more edge loops and achieve the rounded look with the actual topology.
Otherwise, you might be better adding a Subsurf modifier to get smoother surfaces and curved edges. If you want to keep some edges sharper you'll need to add edge loops near the corners to keep them sharp (or you can set the Sharpness value on the polygon edges alternatively).
Answer: Your model takes its form from the mesh structure you define for it. That means that with only a few basic vertices/edges/faces, your model will look very block-like. To define it better, you add more vertices/edges/faces where they're needed.
There are a number of tools to use for doing this, but the most useful one in your case is the Loop Cut and Slide tool, which will allow you to add more rings of vertices/edges to your mesh.
You should also add the subsurface modifier to get that really smooth look, but do this only after you've added some more rings to your mesh, or it will deform too much.
Answer: As other answers say, add loop cuts to the part you would like to make it smooth by using  Ctrl-R (place the mouse pointer in the required spot hovering the place to be smoothened).
Then use your scroll to increase the number of cuts.
it is also recommended to use subdivision modifier under modifiers section.

How to round out edges?


In LCD Display,scrolling only one line

Question: In LCD Display, I want to SCROLL only one line in and Second line will be constant. I am using 0x1E command but the entire display will move.What commands is using for scrolling one line?
I am using ARM7 LPC1114X301 microcontroller and LCD is JHD162A.
Answer: The HD44780 LCD driver considers the display as 80 contiguous characters; it's not aware of the concept "character lines". A 16x2 display is for the HD44780 the same as a 32x1 display.
So no, you can't scroll one line and leave the other one static. You'll have to rewrite the whole display contents.
edit
Good point by Myforwik: in that 80 character string the characters shown in line 1 and 2 may not be contiguous. The first line will often be 40 characters, with for instance 16 visible, and then the second line will start at the 41st character.
Comment: I'm pretty sure that the display is aware of the concept of "character lines", in that it effectively regards the display as 40 two-character-high chunks, such that when scrolling the last character of the first line will be followed by the first character of the first line, and the last character of the second line will be followed by the last character of the second line, though I've basically never used the scrolling feature in a real application so it's possible I'm mistaken.  If there were a means of setting the scroll position absolutely to anything other than zero (probably via...
Comment: ...1.6ms command which would scroll so the cursor would be at the left edge of the screen) that would be useful, but the facts that scrolling by 16 characters would take as long as setting the cursor position and writing 15 characters, and that there would be no way to detect if the display scrolling got out of sync with processor expectations, make it pretty useless in many cases.  I wonder what percentage of installed displays are ever deliberately used in scrolling mode?
Comment: And to make it worse, the 'lines' can be any part of the linear string. Most 4 line displays go from first line to third line then back to second line... Some 2x16 displays are actually 2x20 with 4 non visible, which confuses people into thinking there must be two lines.
Answer: There is no such thing. There is left shift and right shift of all lines or cursor only.
Answer: There is Command to shift entire LCD content (0x1C) but not for One line.
You have to do it manually:

Print char (row,column)
Add some delay
Clear Display
Print char (row,column+1)
Answer: You could make manual scrolling on your own, so when scrolling function is called (in regular intervals) it displays just visible part of a big scrolling message, and shifts position of the first visible character (also providing illusion of continous string all the way round).

In LCD Display,scrolling only one line


C# On failling validating cell's value, turns cell to its previous correct value

Question: I would like to cell turns into its previous correct value after validating fails. I have used:
<code>DataGridView.CancelEdit()
</code>
but sometimes works and sometimes not so I force cell's value to take its correct previous value by assigning it to the cell. The problem is that cellvaluechanged event is raised and in this case, I do not want it to be raised.
What is the best way to turns cell's value into its previous correct one if cancelEdit does not work? And If the only way is by forcing it as I have done, how to avoid cellvaluechanged to be raised?
Answer: Try calling dataGridView.EndEdit() after dataGridView.CancelEdit()..


How to update Contact Country after Lead is converted to Contact?

Question: I need to populate Contact Country field with Account's Country value when Lead is converted to Contact and Country field on Lead record is blank. We cannot do it on Before Insert trigger since that setting(Require Validation for Converted Leads) on Lead is turned off. Neither on After Insert Apex Trigger nor using Process Builder. Tried both already. So what would be the best way to achieve this?
Comment: are you saying that `Require Validation for Converted Leads` in Lead Settings is unchecked?
Comment: Yes that's right. So BeforeTriggers aren't triggering.
Comment: Are you amenable to using Flow in lieu of Process Builder?
Answer: Given that Require Validation for Converted Lead is unchecked, DML events on the converted objects (Account, Contact, Opportunity) do not initiate triggers or other automation.
However, there will be a DML event on the Lead itself (to set IsConverted = true and also set the Ids of the converted Account, Contact, and Opportunity.
So, using either an after update trigger or after save Flow on Leads where IsConverted=true, you can query for the converted Account and Contact and set the Contact's Country per the converted Account.
Comment: You would need to amend the Contact VR to allow your update to occur; VRs run at the database level and are designed to prevent invalid data from being saved. You can not bypass VRs; you can only change the VR's conditions
Comment: Thank you!! I used After Trigger on Lead object and it almost worked. Only issue is, if there is any Contact validation error, it's stopping Trigger execution. Though we have disabled the setting, it's still throwing validation error!! Any advise?
Comment: Sure I will find a workaround for that, thank you very much again!!


Is there a way to rotate the camera's image at the driver level, not processing graphics after capture?

Question: I've mounted an Arducam 5 MP camera inside a SmartiPi 2 case with the official 7" touchscreen powered by a Pi 4. Unfortunately, when I take a picture or use it as a webcam, the camera appears to be rotated 90˚ to the right. Is there a way to rotate the image at the driver level, or another way to make the image be right-side-up? The primary intention is to use it as a video conferencing device, so post-processing isn't an option.
Answer: I have the same setup and same problem.
I got my case from Adafruit and the setup instructions at smarticase.com/setup says to do this:
sudo nano /etc/rc.local

then add this right above exit 0
v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl=rotate=90

It works!  What I was missing was the fact that I thought the "412" was a number, when in fact it is the number 4, the lower case letter l, and the number 2! Once I put that in rc.local, all is well.
Comment: OK, it works. But although you should take note that using `/etc/rc.local` has limitations due to [Compatibility with SysV](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Incompatibilities/). We have seen many problems here on this site using it. Following the recommendation of the developers from **systemd** you should avoid using it. It is possible that it suddenly doesn't run anymore after an upgrade.
Comment: I forgot about this question! This is the same solution I came up with, but it put it in my `.bashrc`.
Comment: What then is the solution to rotate the screen 90 degrees to the right?


Field Patterns in Waveguides

Question: How are the field patterns for magnetic and electric field obtained using the field equations? What is the intuitive way of understanding and drawing them? I searched a lot regarding the method for drawing field patterns but at most places there were just figures saying - "The field patterns obtained from equations are as follows!" Plus, what is the practical use of these patterns? How are they useful?
Answer: Except for some very special cases, you actually can't solve the field equations analytically. For most cases, you can only approximate the solution by a numerical analysis. Typically you use something like the finite element method or finite difference time domain method to obtain these approximate solutions.
Even for the special, solvable cases, there's no real "method" to solving them. Like with many partial differential equation problems, you basically guess at an answer, and then demonstrate that your guess is correct. For example, if the problem has a radial symmetry, you might guess that the solution has a Bessel function component in the radial direction.

What is the practical use of these patterns?

Knowing the solutions can help you guess how some change to the problem might affect the solution.
For example, if you have a waveguide mode with a null in the E field along the y-axis of the waveguide, then you can guess that putting a wire in that location won't cause much reflection, or that a feed at that location won't efficiently excite that mode.
Comment: You can find the solution for the TE & TM waves in a textbooko like Ramo, Whinnery, & Van Duzer, *Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics*. Once you have the field components, you make the figures by plotting arrows indicating the direction of the field, and making the arrows longer or shorter depending on the strength of the field.
Comment: Actually, I'm talking about the cases of TE/ TM waves in rectangular guides and how to get patterns of them. We have the expressions for Ex, Ey, Ez, Hx,Hy,Hz in that case. So how to get those figures that's my question. Sorry if it was not clear.
Answer: One starts with Maxwell's equations and some boundary conditions involving derivatives and vector components.  In general, this is hard to deal with but we begin making some approximations and assumptions.

We are interested only in fields oscillating at some frequency f.  Therefore, all fields will be varying with time as \$exp(j\omega t)\$ where \$\omega=2\pi f\$   Then all time derivatives become multiplications by phase factors: calculus becomes algebra, at least along the time dimension.  Oh, I just used complex numbers. That's another trick - taking the physical fields to be the real part of some mythical complex-valued field lets us use simpler algebra.
The waveguide has the same shape along some length.  Just as we assume simple sinusoidal (or complex exponential) oscillation along time, we can do so also along the 'z' axis.  (We take x,y as the plane perpendicular to the waveguide, where we define it cross-sectional shape, and z along the waveguide, as a common convention.)  So Curl, Div and all that get simpler, with derivatives with respect to z becoming simple coefficients involving wavelength (or wavenumber, its reciprocal) and complex phase factors.
We're dealing with radiation only, not static electric or magnetic fields, not motor or generator dynamics, not high energy particle beams.  We can say that the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular for a wave of any given wave direction.  When multiple waves are superimposed, maybe we can't say so any more, but not a problem because we solve for field patterns for pure waves first, then add together what we like.  Anyway, the point is we can eliminate all magnetic field terms from the equations, replacing them with terms involving the electric field only.
Finally, we luck out in that the most easily manufactured waveguide shapes are rectangles or circles.  We have a differential equation in two dimensions (x and y) for an electric field (a vector) and some boundary conditions applying to the parts of the field parallel or perpendicular to the wall of the waveguide. For a rectangle, we can treat the x part and the y part separately.  For a circle, the radial and angular parts can be separated.  The technique is called "separation of variables" and is very popular in electromagnetics, quantum mechanics, acoustics and basically almost everything else in physics.  Result: a pair of simple ordinary differential equations, each easily solved.

For more complex shapes, or waveguides with ridges, holes, dents along the way, then it gets messy and we lose one or two of these nice simplifications.  Time to turn it over to a computer, then.
Once we have the field pattern, the usefulness is in knowing where the field is strongest - you want to minimize obstructions, and use the best materials.  Where the field is zero or fairly weak, you can put screws, welding seams, holes, or whatever without affecting the waves.  Examination of the field patterns also helps with determining how well polarization is preserved within the structure, which is important to radio astronomers and for doubling information capacity in telecommunications.  Finally, field patterns make for great illustrations to impress the public, congresscritters and investors .
Comment: FYI, EE.SE uses `\$` to delimit MathJax because just using dollar signs messed up a bunch of posts where money was mentioned.
Comment: Aha. Thx for the \$ tip. Over at the Physics SE, we don't care about money!
Comment: it should be exp(jwt) na?

Field Patterns in Waveguides


No access to phpmyadmin

Question: I can't access phpmyadmin. I get this classic forbidden error: You don't have permission to access /phpmyadmin on this server. I installed phpmyadmin via apt-get. I choosed apache2 in the installation progress. The first weird thing is, that no phpmyadmin.conf symlink is created in conf.d folder of apache. The next weired thing is, that I can create the symlink myself, restart the apache and the mysql server without any error and get the same forbidden error. The apache.conf from phpmyadmin is the default one. I'm using the user root. Could that be a problem with user:usergroup of some files?
Comment: I could solve the first problem. I didn't know that you have to select apache2 by hitting spacebar in the phpmyadmin installation progress.
Answer: I think this one is going to require a reinstall.  I have not had the issue you are describing, however, I have had others.  A complete purge and reinstall has fixed the issue on those occasions.  Some info that would be useful to further troubleshoot this would be the version of Ubuntu you are using.
Comment: It's 12.04 lts. I did several purges and reinstallations actually. Unfortunately it is always the same. Apache, php and mysql are available in clean installations. Am I missing any mods maybe?

No access to phpmyadmin


How to change copyright font color

Question: I can't figure out how to change the font color of the copyright text in the footer. I am leaning using for a school project and am editing in the theme.less.
Any idea? Thank you!
Answer: You can achieve the desired outcome by following these steps to insert CSS into the footer's copyright section using admin penal.

Go to "Content" -> "Design" -> "Configuration" from the main menu.
Select the configuration scope for which you want to change the copyright font color (e.g., Global, Main Website, Main Store, etc.).
In the "Footer" section, expand and got the "Miscellaneous HTML" field In this field add below CSS for change font colour(You can also add your custom css for footer).

Save the configuration.
Clear cache and check the output

How to change copyright font color


Image installation on prod server?

Question: We have Linux server on production hosting Mysql/Crons/other process like java/PHP/Python etc.Its physical server on some data center(not AWS/Azure)
We need to upgrade the server disc. Our devops has suggested to reinstall everything on new disk.My push was to create the image of existing disk and install it on new disk(as it will save lot of effort for manual installation) but that devops person take with image process there can be some unforeseen issues which are hard to debug and not comfortable with this
My question is does people go for image installation on prod servers or there are know caveats with this process so people prefer manual installtion ?
Answer: Is the server running an old OS in need of major upgrades? Is the server cluttered with junk and in need of maintenance and cleanup?
Really, there is absolutely no reason to rebuild a server from scratch just to upgrade disks. There is only an issue if it is done wrong. And they aren't "unforeseen" issues. They are issues that are immediate and apparent like not being able to boot.
If the server, in general, is in need of major maintenance and updates then it is certainly worth considering a complete rebuild from scratch. However, if you are simply upgrading a disk / raid volume then that is a straightforward process easily done using the proper steps with cloning software.
With Linux, more so than Windows, you are more likely to experience "unforeseen" issues when you rebuild from scratch because of all the version changes and incompatibilities.

Image installation on prod server?


Is a ball-end the default end for a violin string?

Question: When buying violin strings I am often confused about what end the string has. For the E string it usually says ball-end or loop end, but often the other strings do not mention the end explicitely. Can I assume that ball-end is implicit?
Comment: Can you...finish the question, please...!
Comment: btw- if it comes up, a ball end can be converted to a loop end by merely pushing the ball out of the loop.
Comment: When in doubt, just call or email the store you're buying from.
Comment: As User Tim puts it: "Can you...finish the question, please...!"
Comment: Sorry, don't know why the question was cut short. It should be fixed now :-)
Comment: Thanks, my problem is the other way around. I need the ball :-)
Answer: It depends on the type of strings.
For steel or synthetic core, the three lower strings are always ball end, and you can get three different types of ends for the E: ball end, loop end, or removable ball end (take the ball out and you get a loop end).
But gut strings are available in either ball end or loop end for all strings - some manufacturers offer only one, some give you a choice.
Comment: Exactly.  The modern trend is toward ball ends for all strings.


Binary Multiplication: how many bits is a product

Question: If you are multiplying two binary numbers, one with n number of bits and one with m number of bits, how many bits is the product? For ex., if I multiply a binary number of 6 bits and a binary number of 8 bits, how many bits will the product be?
Answer: When you multiply two numbers, the number of bits in the product cannot be less than max(m,n) and cannot be more than (m+n). (Unless one of the two numbers is a 0).
In your example, with m = 6 and n = 8.
The minimum number of bits in the product will be 8 and the maximum will be 14.
Answer: Looking at this question in terms of functions, you can use the logarithm base 2. So for example if we have two numbers a and b (and for the sake of clarity lets say a has n bits and b has m bits.) You would arrive at these values by taking the log_2 of both numbers:
log_2(a) = n ; log_2(b) = m
Now if you want the number of bits of the product, you can use a property of the logarithm:
log_2(a*b) = log_2(a) + log_2(b)
So you get the number of bits of the product! This will be an upper bound for your size, but it works quite well.
Answer: For m and n, minimum is m+n-1 and maximum is m+n.
Therefore, 8 and 6 give 13 and 14 respectively.


Custom keyboard in iphone

Question: Does any one know how to Create custom keyboard in iphone? Pls give me any samples for custom keyboard
Answer: Hi you need to try following link. They have explained very well and step by step that how to create Custom Keyboard. http://www.appdesignvault.com/ios-8-custom-keyboard-extension/
But while creating Custom Keyboard there are some limitations you must know:

A Custom Keyboard cannot be used to type into certain text input objects. These include the secure text input objects (any object that has its secureText property set to YES) and phone pad objects (any object that has a keyboard type trait of UIKeyboardTypePhonePad or UIKeyboardTypeNamePhonePad). When the user types in any of these text input objects, the system temporarily replaces your custom keyboard with the system keyboard, and on typing in a non-secure or non-phone pad object, your keyboard resumes.
Input dictation isn't possible for a custom keyboard since, like all extensions in iOS 8, it has no access to the device microphone.
Selecting text is also not possible. Text selection is under the control of the app that is using the keyboard.
Closely related to the above point, editing menu options i.e. Cut, Copy, Paste are inaccessible. If an app provides an editing menu interface, the keyboard has no access to it.
App developers can reject the use of custom keyboards in their app. This can especially be done in apps that are sensitive to security such as banking apps.
You cannot display key artwork above the top edge of a custom keyboard's primary view the same way Apple does when you tap and hold a key in the top view.

and very Important you must follow the Apple Extensions guide
https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/General/Conceptual/ExtensibilityPG/Keyboard.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40014214-CH16-SW1
Enjoy. Happy coding.!!!

Custom keyboard in iphone


Are all updates (revisions) to a user recorded in the logs?

Question: A user was created just over a week ago and at some point was given a particular role by an administrator. Will this update (the role given, the date/time of the update and the admin who made it) have been recorded by default in the database somewhere? I don't have any special user modules installed on the site e.g. User Revisions. When I tested just now by giving roles to a user and then looking in "recent log messages" (filtered to "user"), my update didn't show there, so I'm guessing the answer's no, but if there is a way to retrieve this info it would be helpful.
Comment: How about just "creating" a cutom logging about these kinds of events, so that at least from "now on" you have something you could use for these kinds of queries (no custom code/modules required ...).
Answer: Unfortunately not: Changes to a user are not logged (even though newly created users are), and the user entity does not support revisions in core (as of Drupal 8.4.2).
You could add an extra submission function with hook_form_user_form_alter() that creates a log message.
Comment: Hi Christoph, thanks for the reply. Does your answer only apply to Drupal 8? I am using D7. Sorry if I didn't make that clear.


How can I earn bits (gold) and gems quickly in the My Little Pony android game?

Question: Seriously, a building can cost 30K bits but I only make 50 per minute. It will take me 10 hours of mindless grinding just to purchase that one building.
Answer: It seems from the Pony Website that there are four major ways to get coins, gems can only be bought or earned through quests.

Quests can give you coins
collecting from certain buildings
Helping out a friend
Mini-games

It seems that the apple game and the flying game earn you the most coins per minute. The full guide is on the website.

Pictures from the Guide listed above.
Answer: Ask another pony to work so you can make the second thing in a shop - like bread. And don't forget to raise both Bon Bon and Twilight to full star, especially Twilight because when she'll be a princess she has to be a five-star pony.
Build more shop, complete quest and save them. Don't use bits for decoration, except if it's a quest and complete quests that has bits as reward.
Hope that help. :) (Pinkie's big grin and Fluttershy's soft sweet smile)


looking through a small hole

Question: Please explain why objects can be seen more clearly when looked through a small hole.
Is this because of the diffraction of light?
Thanks in advance .
Comment: Possible duplicate of [How "How to See Without Your Glasses" works?](http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/1039/)
Comment: ..... Maybe it's just me, but I see things more clearly when I *don't* have to look at them through a small hole
Comment: If this really makes the image better, your glasses are not strong enough, as your optometrist will be delighted to tell you for a fee.
Comment: @Jim You may have seen people looking at an object squint or look through a gap between their fingers? Reduction of the aperture of the lens which is used results in only a small part of the cornea of the eye being used and for many people a sharper image.
Comment: @ChrisWhite I'll tell you that too for half what the optometrist will charge you. Can't beat that deal
Answer: No, it's not because of diffraction. Diffraction is only most observable if the source is monochromatic, and the size of the hole is comparable to the wavelength of light (approx. 400-750nm).
You might have blurred vision, or the object you are looking at may not be in your seeing range, maybe because you are near or far sighted. As a result, the image formed from the incoming light may not converge perfectly or accurately on your retina,
Looking through a small hole narrows the source of incoming light, and thus making the image formed on your retina seem more focused.
This has a similar analogy to cameras. If you want to capture a picture in which almost everything from near to far will be focused, you will have to narrow the camera aperture, but the drawback is that there is less incoming light so you have to lengthen the exposure time (which motion-blurs images of fast moving objects). On the other hand, if you want the picture to have an effect which focuses a specific object, and blurring out the rest, you have to widen the camera aperture, then adjust the focus to focus the object.
Below is a sketch of the image formed on the detector when incoming light is out of focus (1st setup), with aperture/hole (2nd setup), correct focus(3rd setup).

looking through a small hole


Overriding styles upon :hover

Question: I'm creating a Inbox in which there will me a asp menu on the side and Inbox on the center. I need to change the font color to red and make it bold when I see a new row from the database. I have used adding on the menu item.
If Not Hovered it looks like this.

If Hovered It Has to look like this.

But the problem is that when I hover on the text it looks like the image shown above, but if I hover slightly on the top or bottom of the menuItenm (Inside the Menu Item but not on Text), Then This looks like this.

CSS used For Menu Item.
.Menu ul li a {
color: black;
background: #E9E9E9;
display: block;
padding: 5px 0;
line-height: 17px;
padding-left: 8px; /*link text is indented 8px*/
text-decoration: none;}

.Menu ul li a:hover{
background-image: none;
color: white;
background: #424242;}

Here is the code I used to change The color and set the font to bold From server side.
Menu1.Items[0].Text = "
" + "Inbox (" + (i + 1) + ")" + "
";

Here is the CSS class of inbox.
.inboxno{
background-image: none;
color: Red;
font-weight:bold;}

.inboxno:hover{
background-image: none;
color: white;
background: #424242;
font-weight:bold;}

I think I understand the problem. It is, that a
 is created around the inbox Text inside the Menu Item and It has the Css inboxno. But the Menu Item has padding and When I place mouse on the padding Area then the inboxno:hover class is not being applied to the Div.
I think one of the solutions to this problem is, if I could access the  .Menu ul li a class from .inboxno:hover class I will remove the Padding Property and Set the Same padding property in the .inboxno:hover class.
But I don't know how to access the .Menu ul li a class from .inboxno:hover class.
Can you Help me??
Answer: Not sure if you're just asking about the hover or not but try doing
.Menu ul li:hover a {
    background-image: none;
    color: white;
    background: #424242;
}

Comment: I need to apply the css class from the server side only when I found a new item in DB. Is it possible to remove a css property from server side??
Comment: No but you can be crafty and try something like adding a class with the bold styling to the first table element (inboxno?) for only a second or two and remove it via javascript after the time expired.
Comment: This is basically for demonstration of the concept http://jsfiddle.net/seany789/CGySc/4/

Overriding styles upon :hover


Is it possible to write a COM Server on aix?

Question: Is there a way to write a COM server on aix. I tried using the j-interop, but it allows me to wrap a COM Server in java , but runs only on windows.
How could i achive this on aix. Is it even possible.
Thanks
Comment: Reading the docs, I'd say no.  This was designed to act as the *client* for a legacy Windows DCOM server.
Answer: Is it possible? Of course it's possible. Worst case is that you have to reverse engineer all the protocols being used in Windows.
Is it easy? I have no idea. It depends on how well documented those protocols are. Given Microsoft's history, I would say not.
Not being snarky there, just telling it like (I believe) it is.
It may be that someone has tackled this before in which case that would make it easier. A cursory Google search turns up very little on this front.