Origin of Clementine in "Oh My Darling, Clementine"

Question: In the song, "Oh My Darling, Clementine", is "Clementine" actually referencing anyone, or is it just a name the creator used?
Comment: I think the answer is lost to history.
Answer: It appears to be a remake of several folk songs with the same theme, thus origin of the name is unclear.
A theme of a drowning maiden is quite common in folk songs
From Songfacts.com

"Oh My Darling, Clementine" is a popular American Western folk ballad that is most often attributed to performers like Percy Montrose and Barker Bradford. Its origins however, lie in an 1863 tune by H.S. Thompson called "Down By the River Liv'd a Maiden." Like "Clementine," the song is a mock-serious ode to the narrator's deceased lover, who drowned after she stubbed her toe and fell in the river. Thompson used some pretty clever imagery to conjure an image of our heroine:
*Her lips were like two luscious beefsteaks
Dipp'd in tomato sauce and brine
And like the cashmere goatess covering
Was the fine wool of Clementine*

From wikipedia:

History and origins
Gerald Brenan attributes the melody to originally being an old Spanish ballad in his book South from Granada. It was made popular by Mexican miners during the California Gold Rush. The melody was best known from Romance del Conde Olinos o Niño, a sad love story very popular in Spanish-speaking cultures. It was also given various English texts. No particular source is cited to verify that the song he used to hear in the 1920s in a remote Spanish village was not an old text with new music, but Brenan states in his preface that all facts mentioned in the book have been checked reasonably well.[citation needed]
It is unclear when, where and by whom the song was first recorded in English for others to hear but the first version to reach the Billboard charts was that by Bing Crosby recorded on June 14, 1941 and this briefly touched the No. 20 spot. It was given an up-dated and up-tempo treatment in an arrangement by Hal Hopper and John Scott Trotter. The re-written lyrics include a reference to Gene Autry ("could he sue me, Clementine?") amongst the five swinging verses.


Rearing times for Handle Animal Checks

Question: I'm trying to find times for rearing/raising animals and magical beasts. Short of googling real life lifespans I have yet to find anything. Is there something I'm missing somewhere or is that a DM fiat thing? A player wants to be a beast trainer.
Comment: Are you sure you want the rules-as-written tag, there? That indicates you only care about precisely what is written in the rulebooks, but the house-rules tag implies you're also looking for homebrewed solutions to your problem.
Comment: There's no tag for that, man. That's what everybody is assumed to be after unless they say they're not. `;-)`
Comment: @HeyICanChan edited. Meant the tags to imply any clear and reasonable rules.
Comment: Ah, alright. Still learning the tags a bit.
Answer: You're not missing anything; 3.5e doesn't offer a clear timeframe for how long it takes to rear any kind of animal. Your only guidelines are:

you can rear 3 wild creatures of the same kind at once
you raise the creature from infancy

Personally, I would rule that raising a creature from infancy means "until it is adolescent". It may not yet be fully grown, but by that point it's either domesticated or it isn't, and if you've failed to overcome its wildness it thereafter has to be tamed as a wild animal. It's your judgement for what time period that requires - for real creatures, googling up on their development/growth seems the reasonable approach.
It's possible that some creature descriptions in the published material do go into the necessary detail on the age-related development of the creature (dragon age categories are the first material that springs to mind, but as intelligent creatures you can't use Handle Animal on them). In other cases you will simply have to use your best judgement.
Depending on your erstwhile beast trainer's motivations, it may not be worth the effort to actually "domesticate" animals. As written, Handle Animal does not actually require that an animal be domesticated in order to learn tricks, nor specify any particular benefit that being domesticated actually grants. I'd assume it means that the animal becomes generally friendly and comfortable around people and civilisation. A trained wild animal (who knows the Down trick) kept closely supervised by its handler could probably still be safely taken to most places and could well have a friendly attitude to its handler despite being generally unfriendly (or worse) to other creatures.
Answer: I know that the question is about the time needed to rear a creature so that it's domesticated—and, in short, that amount of time largely is the DM's call, the game not even providing lifespans for the majority of its creatures much less how long before they reach maturity—, but, first, I want to address the benefits of rearing a creature because, frankly, those benefits aren't worth the trouble. Broadly, there are only two benefits to rearing a creature so that it's domesticated:

According to the extraordinary ability wild empathy (Player's Handbook 35), a domesticated animal usually has a starting attitude of indifferent, but a wild animal usually has a starting attitude of unfriendly.
According to the skill Handle Animal (74–5), an untrained handler that possesses 0 ranks in the skill Handle Animal can make a Handle Animal skill check (that is, essentially, a Charisma ability check) against a domesticated animal to handle an animal (DC 10) so that the domesticated animal performs a trick it knows. An untrained handler can also make a Handle Animal skill check against a domesticated animal to "push" an animal (DC 25) so that the domesticated animal performs a trick it does't know, although success here is highly unlikely.

Also, so it's clear, although a creature can be taught tricks while it's being reared, a creature needn't be domesticated to be learn tricks. Wild creatures can be taught tricks as easily as domesticated creatures can. (That is, the real issue becomes changing the wild creature's attitude toward the trainer long enough to train it before it kills him.)
Prior to the 3.5 revision, the Player's Handbook (2000) made a much starker distinction between domesticated and wild creatures—domesticated creatures could be trained much more quickly than wild creatures, for example—, and the older Handle Animal skill provided a general rearing time of 1 year for animals and beasts (a type eliminated by the 3.5 revision, beasts becoming usually either animals or magical beasts) (68–9). Also, the Epic Level Handbook (therefore the SRD on Epic Skills on Handle Animal) lists a general rearing time for other types of creatures as varies (41).
With the 3.5 revision, the domesticated/wild distinction was mostly excised. Kept only were the extremely minor game effects in the bullet points above and the price an NPC charges for rearing some creatures in their descriptions. However, if a player insists on his PC rearing a creature, the DM could use a hodgepodge of pre-3.5 and 3.5 rules. Below is one way to reconcile the pre-3.5 rules with the current rules so that the PC can rear a creature:

For [Handle Animal skill] tasks with specific time frames noted above [like the 1 year it takes to rear an animal or "beast" pre-3.5], you must spend half this time [i.e. 6 months] (at the rate of 3 hours per day per animal being handled) working toward completion of the task before you attempt the Handle Animal check. If [at the end of 6 mo.] the [Handle Animal skill] check [attempt] fails [at that point], your attempt to… rear… the animal fails and you need not complete the… rearing… time [and you can't start over—attempts to rear can't be retried]. If the [Handle Animal skill] check [attempt] succeeds [at the end of 6 mo.], you must invest the remainder of the time to complete the… rearing…. If the time [spent, like, rearing] is interrupted or the task is not followed through to completion, the attempt to… rear… the animal automatically fails. (Adapted from PH (2003) 75)

In other words, this won't be convenient for the typical PC in the typical campaign, and a PC will usually be better off just straight-up buying an already reared and ready-to-ride giant owl (Monster Manual 205), pegasus (206-7), or spider eater (234). Really, most straight-from-the-book creatures that a PC can readily access—even if they're domesticated and trained—will probably be slain with alarming regularity by a PC's increasingly dangerous foes anyway; let an NPC invest the time into rearing those creatures.

Note: On the other hand, training creatures is sometimes worth the PC's time; that's covered in answers to this question.
Comment: Thank you. That actually solves the whole thing (even what i *didnt* ask). I will probably cut/paste that and use it, with your permission (may consider trying to publish my setting eventually), and nudge my wizard trainer to simply train them as wild animals/beasts... Seems more beneficial to have your "pets" only friendly to you and your designates anyway. Thank you again.
Comment: @wolf You're welcome. My pleasure. Publication of site's contents are handled best I think by [this Meta question](https://rpg.meta.stackexchange.com/q/2845/8610). Also, I've gone down the *3.5* Handle Animal rabbit hole a few other times like [here](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/q/63538/8610) and [here](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/q/105162/8610). Those may likewise be of interest if your player is intent on traveling this route.
Comment: Those are the exact reason i was asking lol. I have 3e srd and nearly all 3.5 books... And that meant i had not much for handle animal (a seemingly useless skill in 3.5 except for druids and rangers it seems). So thank you again. As for the meta... I may have to ask a question or two there so im certain I understand. Ty

Rearing times for Handle Animal Checks


add hash to a file using command line

Question: I am writing a Windows batch file to copy a file from my computer to a network location, but before doing this, I need to add a hash for it using the command line. Assuming that my file is named testing.zip, how can this be done?
Comment: Use a command-line hashing app, generate the hash, then rename the file to include said hash. That seems like common sense so where are you getting stuck? Edit: On re-reading your question, what exactly do you mean by "add a hash for it"? I thought you meant add the hash to the file name itself, but perhaps you mean something else entirely? If you just want to store the hash separately then most hashing apps can generate SFV or similar files.
Comment: I need to add a hash for the file before proceeding with the copying.Once copied, I need to check the hash again to make sure that the file is good and was successfully copied without any changes.
Comment: Ok, let me ask again. *Where* do you need to add this hash? Most any command-line hashing program can create a file listing all the generated hashes, or you can redirect its output yourself as STTR has mentioned below. So where precisely are you getting stuck? Your question is unclear.
Answer: Sigcheck -q -i -a -h testing.zip >> testing.md5

Sigcheck part of Windows Sysinternals
If need MD5 only:
Sigcheck -q -h testing.zip | find "MD5:" >>  testing.md5

add hash to a file using command line


game physics: contact constraint and relative velocity

Question: For two rigidbodies (2D boxes), A and B, I have been colliding A with B and finding the collision normal pointing towards A i.e. the direction that would separate A from B. When it comes to calculating the relative velocity for the contact constraint, does it matter which body has the edge that the collision normal is perpendicular in terms of which velocity to subtract from which?
Answer: If I understood the quesion, NO.
Here follows a simple resolvecollision , from How to Create a Custom 2D Physics Engine: The Basics and Impulse Resolution , as you can see you put yourself in object A frame of reference , then subtract collision impulse from A and add it to B.
<code>void ResolveCollision( Object A, Object B )
{
  // Calculate relative velocity
  Vec2 rv = B.velocity - A.velocity

  // Calculate relative velocity in terms of the normal direction
  float velAlongNormal = DotProduct( rv, normal )

  // Do not resolve if velocities are separating
  if(velAlongNormal > 0)
    return;

  // Calculate restitution
  float e = min( A.restitution, B.restitution)

  // Calculate impulse scalar
  float j = -(1 + e) * velAlongNormal
  j /= 1 / A.mass + 1 / B.mass

  // Apply impulse
  Vec2 impulse = j * normal
  A.velocity -= 1 / A.mass * impulse
  B.velocity += 1 / B.mass * impulse
}
</code>
Be carefull not to re-execute resolvecollision(B,A) as you has already execuitetd resolvecollision(A,B), even if :
<code>  // Do not resolve if velocities are separating
  if(velAlongNormal > 0)
    return;
</code>
may prevent this.


Batch Token Swap using 0x

Question: I'm trying to make a telegram bot that sells all the tokens available on a wallet using Ox API. In order to automate the process with only command, I'm okay with adding the private key to the script.
I'm looking for some ideas on how to make this work. Any help will be rewarded, if it works out.
Answer:
Create a new Telegram bot using the Telegram Bot API.
Install the Ox API client for your preferred programming language.
Add your bot's private key to the script.
Write a function that sells all the tokens in a wallet using the Ox API.
Create a Telegram command that triggers the function to sell all the tokens in the wallet.

Here is a pseudocode example of a function that sells all the tokens in a wallet using the Ox API:
def sell_all_tokens(wallet_address, private_key):
  # Get the list of all tokens in the wallet.
  tokens = get_wallet_tokens(wallet_address)

  # Iterate over the tokens and sell them.
  for token in tokens:
    sell_token(token, private_key)

The get_wallet_tokens() function would use the Ox API to get a list of all the tokens in the wallet. The sell_token() function would use the Ox API to sell a single token.
Once you have written the function to sell all the tokens in a wallet, you can create a Telegram command that triggers the function. For example, you could create a command called /sell_all. When a user sends the /sell_all command to the bot, the bot would call the sell_all_tokens() function to sell all the tokens in the user's wallet.
Here is an example of how you could use the sell_all_tokens() function in a Telegram bot:
import telebot
from ox_api_client import OxApiClient

# Create a new Telegram bot.
bot = telebot.TeleBot('YOUR_BOT_TOKEN')

# Create an instance of the Ox API client.
ox_api_client = OxApiClient(private_key='YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY')

# Define the /sell_all command.
@bot.message_handler(func=lambda message: message.text == '/sell_all')
def sell_all_tokens_command(message):
  # Get the user's wallet address.
  wallet_address = message.chat.id

  # Sell all the tokens in the user's wallet.
  sell_all_tokens(wallet_address, ox_api_client)

  # Send a message to the user confirming that the tokens have been sold.
  bot.send_message(message.chat.id, 'All tokens have been sold.')

# Start the Telegram bot.
bot.polling()

This is just a basic example, and you may need to modify it to fit your specific needs.
Comment: Thanks Mehran for the info. Let me try to code it.
Answer: Creating a Telegram bot to sell tokens from a wallet using the Ox API is a complex task that involves handling sensitive information (private keys) and interacting with financial transactions. Security and privacy are paramount in such a project. Lastly, if you ever feel that online gambling is becoming a problem or affecting your life negatively onlinecasinoslovenija, don't hesitate to seek help or support from professionals or support groups. Your well-being should always come first.

Batch Token Swap using 0x