Why relativistic wave functions should transform under Lorentz transformation and not Poincaré?

Question: One requires that a relativistic wave function should transform well under Lorentz transformation. Why we shouldn't rather have that it transforms well under Poincaré transformations? On Wu Ki Tung's book "Group theory in Physics" is written that, even if finite Lorentz group representations are not unitary with not-selfadjoint generators and hence they not correspond to any physical state $|\psi\rangle$, physical variables like position, momentum, or wave functions and fields should transform as finite dimensional representation of Lorentz group. I know that physical states arise naturally with the unitary irreducible representations of Poincaré group and are labeled by two indices (M,s) mass and spin. But physical states emerge also from the solution of relativistic wave equations involving $\psi(x)$. Then if I have a wave function $\psi(x)$ solution of these equation why i should require (if it is a condition that i impose) or, simply, it is straightforward that is a quantity that behaves well under elements of Lorentz group and not of the more general Poincarè's one? Does the translated (of a quantity $c$) wave function $\psi'(r)\equiv\psi(x-c)$ have some problems?
Comment: I think http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/286078/50583 is related - you're letting yourself be misled by the imprecise diction: The physicist rarely considers it relevant to mention that on fields/wavefunctions there is not only a representation of the Lorentz group but also of the Poincaré group, but the translation part just acts trivially as the $\psi(x)\mapsto \psi(x-a)$ you wrote down.
Comment: That was a big hint, thank you! I only can't menage to understand the fact that introduction of spatial homogeneity in representation of the groups gave a richer structure and led us to the classification of particles, but it simply act on $\psi$ in a trivial way without adding something new to our understanding.
Comment: I'm confused by the statement : "...even if finite Lorentz group representations are not unitary with not-selfadjoint generators and hence they not correspond to any physical state $|\psi\rangle$." Does it mean, for example, a finite dimensional representation $(0,1/2)$ or $(1/2,0)$ representing a Weyl spinor, do not correspond to a physical state? Why then is such a representation considered at all?
Comment: @SRS Maybe i'm a bit confused but let's give a try: because physical variables are not properly states, thus even if a finite Lorentz representation is not unitary and therefore should not be realizable as a physical state, it could be used for representing physical variables. See as reference the last part of chapter 10.3.2 of W.K.Tung's book.
Answer: All the physical fields transform under the full Poincare group. Poincare group, as well as its Loretnz subgroup, is not compact, which means that it doesn't have finite-dimensional unitary representations. It is much more convenient to work with compact little subgroup of Poincare group, which is $SO(D)$ rotation group for the case of massive particles, and $SO(D-1)$ for the massless ones. See Weinberg I for the thorough discussion.
Comment: I already searched something about it on volume I but without any success, do you remember chapters or section or even better pages?
Comment: @pier94 Read the 2nd chapter. Discussion of little groups and so on is in 2.5.


Photoshop CS5: how to change default measurement in Image Size window

Question: For a long time, I have opened the Image Size window and have changed the sizes of my images in inches.  When I open the Image Size, the default measurement was always in inches.  I am aware that one can change the measurements in the drop-down menu next to the size, but that is not what I wish to do, as that is an extra step that has not been necessary for years.  What I do not understand is that today the default document size measurements changed to centimeters and not inches. This is driving me crazy!  How do I change the default measurements back to inches instead of centimeters without having to change cm to inches  every time I open an image in the Image Size window?
Comment: This works with Photoshop as well: http://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/86450/change-the-artboard-dimensions-unit-of-measurement-in-illustrator/86456#86456
Comment: Possible duplicate of [Change the artboard dimensions unit of measurement in Illustrator?](http://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/86450/change-the-artboard-dimensions-unit-of-measurement-in-illustrator)
Comment: Although the other question is about Illustrator, I think it's essentially a duplicate since the answer is exactly the same
Answer:
CTRL+K opens up the Preferences panel
go to "Units & Rulers"
change to "Centimeters"/"Inches" in the first field and this will be applied globally
Comment: Thank you so much.  I discovered that the reason it changed is because I recently changed the ruler measurements in the document (Cmd+R) from inches to pixels by right-clicking on the ruler itself. Doing so changed the default measurements in the Image Size window from inches to centimeters. Right-clicking on the ruler again and changing the measurements back to inches will change the default measurements in the Image Size window back to inches instead of centimeters.  The Units & Rulers works as well, but I did not understand what changed. That is what did it.  Thank you again!
Answer: The Image Size window edits your current document unit and does not apply this globally. If you look carefully there is also a "percent" option on the size. So is not posible to display an image in percent units. To change Photoshop's unit globally, that is for each and every document you open, the solution is https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/a/86472/88258
Comment: I wanted to know why the measurements were in centimeters every time I opened the Image Size window. Previously it was in inches. Yes, I could change the drop-down menu every time I wished to open the window, but I wanted to know why it changed. Changing the ruler measurements will affect the units in the Image Size window. I changed back and forth several times to test it and it worked. Now when I open Image Size, the measurements are back in inches and not centimeters. I was tired of changing it to inches every time I opened it. Now I know that if I change the ruler, I must change it back.
Comment: Oh probably it is the behaviour of photoshop itself.  on Image size window it opens always with system set units. On user setting level photoshop has not so much ability. At least on interface.
Comment: To make it clear.
If you set ruler to centimeters Image size opens in centimeters.
To find always the units you want, you should set it in rulers. Sometimes PS resets its default setting cause of system problems . Maybe it is the reason of change. When you see inches please check if preferences were reset someway..
Comment: The question was solved.  It was under Units & Rulers where I remembered having altered the measurements on the ruler of the document itself. I didn't see "cm" chosen anywhere in units and rulers (Cmd+K), so I altered the measurements of the ruler itself to see what that would do since I had just altered the ruler to work with pixels -- hence the cm in the Image Size window. Changing the pixels back to inches on the ruler itself (Cmd+R) solved the issue completely. Now when I open Image Size, the inch settings are selected. Thank you all for the feedback; I have learned!
Answer: This issue can be solved by going to "Units & Rulers" under Preferences (Cmd+K) within Photoshop CS5. However, what became the issue was having a document open, using the ruler on the document (Cmd+R), and ctrl+clicking the ruler of the document and then changing those measurements from inches to pixels. Upon doing that, you will notice that any images opened in the Image Size window have centimeters selected on the drop-down settings. Of course, you can change those settings as well, but it can be a pain if you have more than one photo. So, if you are finding that this is a problem for you, ctrl+click the ruler in the document again and reselect inches. Then you will find that the default measurement in the Image Size window is back to inches. You can also go to Preferences (Cmd+K), but I wanted to post this answer because some people might not link the Image Size changes to the changes they made by using the ruler.


Implement attachments in Document libraries

Question: Sharepoint does not support attachments in document libraries. There is a clean way to obtain something similar?
We have two document libraries: "Main Documents" with some metadata and "Related Documents" with no metadata. How we can upload related documents in the edit-form of a document in Main Document and be assured that the related documents does non appear associated with other documents?
I have an idea about using folders but it requires some tricks. I appreciate every possibile solution, programmatically or not.
Answer: How about creating two libraries:
 1. Main documents
 2. Related documents
On the related documents you create a lookup to the main documents and make that field mandatory. This way the related documents are linked to the main documents. Adding a bit of javascript to the edit form of a document it should be possible to open a new window (or lightbox) where you can upload a related document and have the main document lookup preset with the main document you are in edit mode of.
Comment: Do you have an example? I didn't found any simple way to preset a field during the upload.
Comment: Not at hand, but you can get the ID from the parent item (main document) from the url value using tGetUrlKeyValue like this: var itemId = GetUrlKeyValue("ID") Then its just a matter of passing that value to the lookup field :)
Answer: I would suggest to use a document set to handle related documents.
An alternate suggestion would be to use 2 lists. The only issue is that its not trivial to make it work in a single page
Comment: I've tryed with Document Sets, they are interesting but they are "Folders with metadata" rather than "a main document with many attachments".
Answer: I'll give a try to this.
Precondition:
- Create a new folder in the second library every time a document is added to the main library. So that the second library has a separate folder associate to every documenti in the main library.
Solution:
1) Change the edit page of the main library adding a built-in web part mapping to the second library.
2) Link the edit page in this way:
http://examplewebsite/Contracts/Forms/EditForm.aspx?ID=1&RootFolder=%2FRequirements%2Ffolder1


network traffic decryption with proxy devices

Question: How is data decryption handled with proxy devices in perimeter networks (DMZ) in companies? Let's assume we host hundreds of web sites on our DMZ servers, how can we get the data decrypted or even first authenticate the server to the external client connecting from Internet ? I cannot imagine that Symantec , GoDady etc. would provide us with a Root CA for our proxy device for certificate resign, so how can a proxy by used in such cases ?
Answer: The CA will not provide you with a certificate for a proxy. They will also not provide you with a certificate for a specific server. They will just provide you with a certificate matching a specific hostname (or multiple names). Where you use this certificate is up to you (some CA might restrict this). You might even use the same certificate on multiple system.
This means for your case that you could use the same certificate both on the proxy and on the final server, i.e. terminating the TLS traffic at the proxy and then having another TLS connection with the same certificate to the real server. But you could also terminate the TLS traffic at the proxy with the certificate issued by the public CA and then use a different certificate for the real server by using your own PKI which is trusted by your proxy. Or, if the connection to the real server from the proxy is considered protected by other means (like IPSec) you could also use plain traffic without TLS to connect from the proxy to the real server.
By terminating the TLS connection in the proxy the proxy has access to the plain text and can also make changes to the traffic, like requesting authentication, filtering traffic in a WAF etc.
Comment: @adam86: yes, the certificate of the public CA is used to terminate the TLS connection from the client at the proxy.
Comment: @adam86: essentially that's it. Of course it is not just upload but you need to configure the proxy to use the certificate and also to forward traffic to the real server.
Comment: Thank you. So when we get our external certificates from Symantec I would have to get certificate that contains the private key and upload it to the proxy as well, right? I mean the same that is already on the server?
Comment: Thank you. So it's nothing else than a manual process in the end? I mean, get tech certificate from each server and upload it to the proxy.
Comment: You will want to avoid transmitting the public key if possible (by generating a keypair on the proxy and getting a CSR signed without transmitting the private key).
Comment: @jrtapsell: *"...avoid transmitting the public key..."* - I guess you mean to avoid __sharing__ the __private__ key between proxy and server and proxy (the public key gets transmitted with every full TLS handshake). And while it would be nice to avoid this sharing you still need to use the publicly signed certificate at the proxy. You can use a different certificate at the real server though by using your own private PKI and trusting this PKI on the proxy since the certificate of the real server is not visible to the outside. That's actually an option I've mentioned in the answer.
Comment: My bad, I missed that typo. Internal PKI or something like LetsEncrypt may make sense (only if the nodes can prove themselves).


Am I expected to stay on glide slope for landing in a light aircraft?

Question: When I land the airplane (Cessna 172, 182, 152) I notice that I come in pretty far above glide slope (four white lights on the PAPI).  I pick an aiming spot on the runway (like the second center line stripe) and maintain my approach airspeed while flying towards that point.  I'm able to reach that aiming point with quite good accuracy and land the plane smoothly and softly, but I'm above glide slope for most of the approach, and then on short final the white lights start to turn red.  Clearly my approach is steeper than the usual 3 degree glide slope.  I thought that's what flaps were for - to allow for a steeper approach.  Am I doing this wrong?  Should I focus on staying on glide slope, or should I focus on my aiming point?  I've had several flight instructors and most of them have never said anything about this.  I kinda like being a little higher, and approaching exactly on glide slope usually means I have to add power on short final because I start getting too low.
Comment: How long is the runway you're landing on?  When I was based at a field with 10,000+ ft runways, I found it useful (in a Cherokee) to touch down a couple of thousand feet beyond the official markings, because it meant I'd be at the right speed to turn off at the taxiway, instead of having to taxi down the active runway.  IMHO, you should focus on being able to control the plane in order to do what you want to do.  That is, you should be able to stay on that glideslope, and you should be able to make a steeper approach.
Answer: It is more important that your approach is stabilized and safe than you are strictly on slope (i.e. two red/two white). But let's discuss a few things before extending this answer.
ATC is not terribly concerned with where exactly you touch down (especially in a light aircraft) so long as you don't run off the end of the runway. When cleared to land the whole length of the runway is yours to work with:

If receiving "cleared to land" instructions from ATC, you are
authorized to use the entire landing length of the runway and should
disregard any LAHSO holding position markings located on the runway.
If you receive and accept LAHSO instructions, you must stop short of
the intersecting runway prior to the LAHSO signs and markings.

Different runways will call for different touchdown situations which is why it's important in preflight to understand what your landing distance and roll out will be.
In any aircraft you fly you should be proficient (or learning to be proficient) in various landing techniques than includes standard approaches as well as no flap approaches and short field landing maneuvers. If you have all these things in your toolkit you will be fine. If you are proficient in an aircraft you should be able to put it down on the numbers or the 1000 foot markers or any other spot your instructor asks you to demonstrate so long as there is sufficient distance to roll out and stop. You should focus on being able to deliberately put the aircraft down on a spot of your choosing rather than thinking of it in terms of "i always end up touching down on the mid point of the runway" as the latter statement means a very different thing on a 2000 ft runway than it does on a 10,000ft runway. This can generally be controlled with small pitch and power changes on final.
Generally speaking you should fly the glide path if it is available to you as this will guarantee obstacle clearance and keep you safe. While it is never bad to be a bit above glide path (three white, one red) it can be problematic to be very high (all white). The issue with 4 white lights on a PAPI is there is no further indication of how far above glide path you actually are. Making the assumption that you are anywhere near the glide path if you see 4 white lights is dangerous and can lead to a fast, unstable, slam dunk approach. Slope adjustments can be a bit delayed on approach and a power increase will generally bring you back up to slope if you are low while chopping the power will bring you down to slope but remember it will take some time to settle in so you need to think ahead of the airplane.
If you put it all together you will see that staying on slope brings you down to the 1000 'footers, keeps you clear of obstacles, and allows you to make small final adjustments to control your touch down if you want to land a bit short or a bit long.
It is not a question of focusing on one OR the other but focusing on both and realizing how they play together. If you come in on slope you can make small power changes to adjust your aiming point and suit your desired maneuver.
The FAA's Approach And Landing Chapter of the Airplane Flying Handbook has lots of good info on the matter and is worth the read.

Stabilized Approach Concept
A stabilized approach is one in which the pilot establishes and maintains a constant angle glide path
towards a predetermined point on the landing runway. It is based on
the pilot's judgment of certain visual clues and depends on the
maintenance of a constant final descent airspeed and configuration.
An airplane descending on final approach at a constant rate and
airspeed is traveling in a straight line toward a spot on the ground
ahead. This spot is not the spot on which the airplane touches down
because some float occurs during the round out (flare). [Figure 8-9]
Neither is it the spot toward which the airplane's nose is pointed
because the airplane is flying at a fairly high AOA, and the component
of lift exerted parallel to the Earth's surface by the wings tends to
carry the airplane forward horizontally.

To address some points of your directly:

I thought that's what flaps were for - to allow for a steeper approach.

Flaps allow you to fly a steeper decent angle at a given airspeed, this is not a blanket security measure to fly arbitrarily steep approaches at 80Kts in a 172. They also help you to generate more lift at a given airspeed so you can fly a standard approach at a slower than normal speed (think short field landing).

...and approaching exactly on glide
slope usually means I have to add power on short final because I start
getting too low.

If you are on glide slope on short final you are not too low (thats the point of a glide slope). If you are high for most of the approach, cross the slope, then find your self sinking below slope your approach is not stabilized and you are likely coming in hot then cutting power and diving for the runway.

I kinda like being a little higher

While there is no strict regulation on flying above glide slope flying arbitrarily high is typically an indication of an unstable approach that will result in a slam dunk dive final. The glide slope exists for many reasons and should be followed for those reasons.
If you are student pilot (you dont mention here) work on flying stable, on slope approaches. If you already have your ticket I would start some Instrument training and understand what its like to fly the slope in the soup (or foggles) and how being high can be a real issue when you break out, it might help put it all into perspective.
Comment: The slam dunk can be a useful skill to have in specific situations, but it certainly shouldn't be *normal*.
Answer: Remember, glidepath guidance has its apex or ending point centered on the official precision landing markings (what most people call the thousand footers). This is officially called the aimpoint or aiming point. Large aircraft do not have much float when flaring. They both aim and touch down near the same point. Walk out to a point abeam the thousand footers. You will see the vertical guidance equipment located next to the runway, beside the thousand footer markings.
Your little Cessna floats so much that your aiming point and your touchdown point are not coincident. If you want to land on the thousand footers, you have to aim at the first touchdown marking (the five hundred footers). If you follow the VASI, PAPI, ILS or RNAV glideslope/glidepath all the way down to the ground, you will float past the thousand footers as soon as you enter ground effect.
You are supposed to stay above the glideslope to provide for obstacle clearance all the way to a point where landing is assured. This is usually either the runway lead up lights (MALSR, ALSF, etc) or the runway threshold. Most instrument approaches will include a Threshold Crossing Height on their charts.
During training, focus on landing based on sight picture alone. You will need that when landing on runways without vertical guidance. There are a lot of them. You will also need that skill when doing actual, non-simulated short field and soft field landings. On a real short field landing with a 50 foot obstacle, your aiming point Will be well before the Arrival End of the Runway. It may even be before any concrete starts.
Comment: I disagree with you about aircraft floating. Having extensive experience flying single engine Cessnas and jet transport category aircraft, and observing the latter, the larger aircraft tend to float further. Float is a function of multiple factors, all controllable, speed being on of the primary factors.
Comment: Err... Did you mean "runways withOUT vertical guidance"?
Comment: @jamesqf - Yes, without vertical guidance.
Comment: Many glidepath guidance systems are also not coincident with the precision runway aiming point markers.
Comment: @JWalters - You are right. Float is a function of many contributing factors. Airspeed, wing design, and rate of pitch change being some of them. The point is that float is a phenomenon that must be accounted for. There will be some deviation from the glideslope after the aircraft is in a position that landing is assured. As far as vertical guidance systems not always being coincident with their expected angle and positions, that is also true. In many cases, this is noted on charts because it is different than the expected.
Comment: Well, GP/VGSI non-coincidence is noted. GP non-coincidence with precision aiming point is not directly noted; this can be deduced from TCH and GP angle.
Comment: Your newly added point about aiming point on short field over obstacles does not seem right. I used to fly 206 and 185 in the backcountry of ID and WA, and aiming point for these short field landings was always within the landing surface area, never short of it. True short field technique involves precisely holding a minimal approach speed and flaring toward a stall with little or no float.
Answer: Flaps generate more lift at the expense of more drag. Their primary purpose is to allow you to fly slower, with the side effect of letting you descend more steeply without gaining speed.
Your default should always be to use the VSGI when one is available, and to try to stay on glide slope, unless you are deliberately doing something unusual like a short field landing, power off 180, etc. This will build good habits and control that is critical when you advance to instrument flying and larger aircraft.
I can't say for certain why your instructors haven't commented on your steep approaches; maybe they just didn't care since it was "working" for you. I'm sure they would have said something if you were consistently below glide slope, though.
If you're flying your pattern with the appropriate flap settings, speeds and distance from the field, you shouldn't have much trouble staying on glide path. Without seeing you firsthand, I'd guess that you're too high or too fast, which makes you reduce power too much and dive toward the runway, and then on short final you need to add more power to shallow your dive. If you were on glide path to begin with, you would be reducing power on short final since you're about to enter ground effect.
Answer: Regarding the 172, and any other single engine aircraft, a better question might be:

what if I lose my engine on final approach?

We can start by looking at the angle and rate of descent with no power at Vbg, around 65 knots.  With an 8:1 glide ratio, no flaps, the angle of descent is:

arc sine (1/8) = 7.2 degrees
rate of descent = 65 knots × 1/8 × 6076 feet/nmile ÷ 60 minutes/hr = 823 feet/minute

We can see that, if local regulations allowed, a higher angle of approach would be the safer way to assure reaching the runway, particularly if there were obstacles such as buildings or power lines in the flight path.
At a low idle:

thrust is proportional to rpm$^2$

 thrust required for level flight @ 65 knots= Weight × .125 = around 300 lbs or roughly 1700 rpm
900$^2$/1700$^2$ × 300 lbs = 84 lbs of thrust

Angle of descent at idle = 7.2 × (300-84)/300 = around 5.2 degrees

This is all without flaps, which will steepen angle of descent.

...kinda like being higher

This is a great idea. 3 degrees approach is more for the faster, heavier, multiengine aircraft. More power must be added for a lower angle of descent.  Always leave a way to glide a single engine home if you can.


How do I specify that I ranked first in a university which has alot of affiliated colleges?

Question: I ranked first in my university in my undergrads, which had many affiliated colleges. How can I specify that in an essay in a compelling yet precise manner?
Comment: Please clarify what you mean by _ranked first in University_?
Comment: @Susmitha Are you ranked first of the whole university(a university exam) or just the college of your affiliation?
Comment: @sathyam I ranked first in the whole university
Comment: @scaaahu I mean I secured the first rank among all the students who took the same course as I did, including all the colleges affiliated to the University.
Comment: @sushmitachaudhari Please edit your question to include this information.
Answer: Making a note of the number of affiliated colleges might be fine. But I will suggest including the total number of candidates (students) in your batch that includes all affiliated colleges (if available) within which you've established your rank.
Comment: Thanks. I was apprehensive to write something like: "I ranked first among 500 students from different affiliated colleges under my University." Could I make it more precise and compelling?
Comment: @sushmitachaudhari: You may replace "different" with the no. affiliated colleges. That might make a stronger point if that's what you prefer.
Answer: From your comments, it is perfectly fine to state that you ranked 1 in the university.
In my case I had been asked to provide the number of students. I had no difficulty since mine was a National institute which is a university by itself, all I had to do is to count the number of students in my class. But in your case you might have to give a brief explanation about the affiliation, possibly an attestation from the University and college.


Flight "stops at Chicago" -- what does this mean?

Question: I have a return ticket from New York to Los Angeles with United.  The return leg is a direct flight but the outbound leg is via Chicago. I had understood it to be a direct flight but the confirmation says "stops at Chicago", which suggests it's not a transit.  What does this mean?  Will I have to recheck my bags at Chicago or will they be transfered for me?
Comment: Is this with the same airline? Are they booked on teh same ticket (the two flights)? Have you looked at your airline's terms?
Comment: This is all with united airlines, it's the same ticket, same outbound, i have a return flight to Ny but that one's a nonstop flight so i dont have anything to worry about. This one as I understood is a direct flight and I am having trouble understanding what that means when it says "stops at chicago" meaning it's not a transit. What about my baggage ?
Answer: If you have booked a single ticket (as opposed to two separate ones), your bags should be checked all the way through to Los Angeles. The check-in agent will tag your bags to Los Angeles when you check them in, and you won't need to pick them up in Chicago. With a little luck, they'll be waiting for you at the baggage claim in LA.
Comment: @DianaMargaryan Ok. It looks like United uses #463 for both a LGA-ORD flight and a ORD-LAX flight, but they look like separate flights. The flights arrive and depart out of different gates in Chicago and are on different aircraft types. It's pretty much just a marketing thing to keep the same flight number, but you'll change planes in Chicago. Your bags will be checked through though.
Comment: Thank you, I also have a problem understanding my flight. At first I thought it was a connecting flight , but now I am looking at my ticket and it just says "Stops at Chicago) what does that mean? Am I not going to change the aircraft? Am I going to stay in tha plane for 2,5 hours?
Comment: What are the flight numbers? Are there two separate ones listed? You will most likely be changing planes (I don't believe United runs any flights from NY to LA via Chicago where you stay on board in Chicago for hours), but I'd need to see it to be sure.
Comment: It is the same flight number, it doesn't change, it is flight n. 463, and when I purchased my ticket on my email it doesn't even mention The Chicago stop. My guess is we have to wait for other passengers to board the plane but is it really going to take 3 hours?
Comment: There aren't seperate flights listet, it just said "stops at Chicago" under the NY-LA flight, I thought we were going to have more passengers join us on the same aircraft but then I checked the time and the total trip is supposed to take 9,5 hours . That gives 3 hours in between the flights from NY-Chicago and Chicago-LA
Comment: It's a "direct flight", just with a change of planes along the way. Your bags will be checked through.


PS4 USB ports broken and need to run initial system setup, can't use USB cable to sync controller

Question: My questions are; is there any way to sync the controller to the system without the cable on initial setup? Second, would a Micro USB to HDMI MHL Adapter Converter allow me to get the controller synced to the system?
Answer: Short answer no, would the converter work? i don't think so but i can't give you an answer for it out of experience. Reason why i don't think it wil work is because the HDMI is used for video/audio output in the ps4 menu's


Is it possible to create an Access runtime using MySQL tables to distribute to other people?

Question: I am rather new at distributing databases and am unsure if this is possible without having to include MySQL drivers or whatever.
Answer: I have to say it's one of the oddest combinations I've heard of.
Windows does not include MySQL connectivity.  Therefore you would have to ship and install MySQL drivers with your application.
Answer: I'm not sure what the question is, as the way you've worded it makes it seem like you understand the issues.

yes, you could create an Access runtime install that doesn't include the MySQL support, on the assumption that it's already installed.
I haven't used the recent runtime distribution tools, but the old ones used to allow you to chain installers, or include components from outside the runtime for installation. However, I didn't use ODBC back then, so don't know what the issues are for that.
you could use something like the Inno installer to have a single package that installs your runtime and your MyODBC drivers.

If you've tried any of these and run into problems, perhaps you should edit your question to incorporate that information, since that will help people provide better answers.
Answer: In my previous workplace there were an old application using MS Access VBA and MySQL. We used to distribute it with MySQL ODBC Connector, and storing the configuration in a local MS Access table.
At first the app relies on DSN ODBC to store the login information, but then we moved to what i mentioned above.
I tried to convince my boss to move the app to the .NET Framework but i didn't succeed because he loves VBA.


Is strut repair a per-wheel task or across the whole front repair?

Question: This link suggests that "suspension shock or strut replacement is between $876 and $925." I found similar details on other sites. Since I'm not familiar with this part, I am confused if that is saying $876 per strut and there are two struts, so I can expect to pay $1600+, or $876 is for a strut replacement and that means the whole part in the diagram that is going across the front of the car and that is one thing replaced. Should one expect higher costs if a strut has failed and it is poking through the wheel well and hitting the hood?
Comment: Can you add details about the make/model of your car?
Answer: Those estimates are per strut. When you're replacing due to wear and tear, it's always good practice to do both sides on the same axle, but if the car was in an accident, you might do only one side.
If the strut is hitting the hood, something important (probably not just the strut) has failed. Take it to a garage, and expect some serious bills.
Answer: The struts are one at each corner of the car, so four in your picture.
The strut usually comprises a strut housing, a damper, and a spring.
Each of those components can be replaced separately.
Tying the struts together is sometimes a lower "Subframe" which can span the front two struts or the rear struts.
The first thing to fail is usually the dampers, resulting a floaty ride and usually lots of up and down movement when you go over undulations in the road. The next most common things to fail are the strut mounts at the top of the struts, if these start knocking or klunking then be sure to get them replaced as a failed strut mount will result in what you describe as the strut punching the hood, in the worst case a failed strut mount can destroy your wheel well which will result in body or frame damage.


Bracha on jalapeño peppers?

Question: The Bracha on onions and garlic eaten raw is shehakol since its not the usual way to eat onions or garlic raw. Do we say that jalapeños are also shehakol when eaten raw according to the same logic?
Comment: Is it usual to eat jalapenos raw or not? Maybe ask over on [cooking.se]. Should we migrate?
Comment: @DanF http://judaism.stackexchange.com/a/65629/759
Comment: I agree and follow up w/ @DoubleAA on this. I assume that in your question, you are eating an olive's size of jalapeno which would require the beginning bracha. In the U.S., it is not usual for people to eat raw jalapeno, so I guess this would require *shehakol*. In Mexico, and, maybe India, where this is more common, people there would say *ha'adama*, but I believe you follow the custom of where you came from, not where you are if you're a guest.
Answer: I have a friend whose wife is from Mexico. He once told me that in a shiur (class) given in Spanish by Rav Vaia he said that for them the bracha is ha'adama, since they are used to very spicy foods, but for most people it would be shehakol. The thing is, I heard this secondhand, and I don't know whether he was joking or giving a psak.
Answer: Halachapedia quotes  Yalkut Yosef (Klalei Sefer Brachot pg 208-214) who writes the beracha on a raw hot pepper if you enjoy it is shehakol.

Bracha on jalapeño peppers?


How can I apply a LADSPA plugin to a PulseAudio stream?

Question: I want to apply a LADSPA plugin to everything that streams through the default PulseAudio sink. How should I set this up?
Comment: @Takkat what about modules with more inputs or ports like [TAP Stereo Echo](http://tap-plugins.sourceforge.net/ladspa/echo.html)? I can't get it to work with: `load-module module-ladspa-sink sink_name=echo master=alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo plugin=tap_echo label=tap_echo control=100,0,100,0,0,0,0,-1,-1,-1`
Answer: Adding a LADSPA plugin to pulseaudio is done with module-ladspa-sink.
We install this module as an output sink where we can define the processing module and are able to send the processed signal to this newly created sink.
Load the LADSPA module:
This module can be loaded at runtime with:
pacmd load-module module-ladspa-sink sink_name=<yourname> master=<sinkname> plugin=<plugin> label= control=<option1>,<option2>,[...]

The name of the master sink can be read with the following command:
 pacmd list-sinks

Give a name for the processed sink as it will appear in the output list in sink_name. All further options depend on the plugin we use (see example below).
To apply the LADSPA processor we choose the output sink from "Sound Settings..." and can now listen to the processed stream. Control options can not be altered at runtime.
Unload the LADSPA module:
We  will have to unload the module and load it again for different options. To find the module index for unloading we may issue:
 pacmd list-modules

To unload a module we either restart the sound server with pulseaudio -k or we unload the module with it's index number #:
pacmd unload-module <#>

See also the reference wiki from pulseaudio.
Load LADSPA module at startup:
After having found the appropriate options we may want to run it per default. This can be done by including it to the /etc/pulse/default.pa configuration file to be loaded by the daemon on startup:
.ifexists module-ladspa-sink.so
.nofail
load-module module-ladspa-sink <options>
.fail
.endif

Example:
This is an example of one special case to give you an idea on how to do it. In this example we want to apply a pitch shift to our sound output using the unfortunately no longer active TAP-plugin tap_pitch (tap-plugins ). For this plugin the additional options needed for loading to Pulse Audio are the following:
plugin=tap_pitch # as from /usr/lib/ladspa/ without .so
label=tap_pitch  # defines which label of a plugin to use

To find the appropriate control options we may still find the plugin documentation in a web archive (previous URL: TAP plugin pitch shifter). There we find a nice table of four relevant controls we have to apply in the control= command:
control=<semitone>,<rate>,<dry>,<wet>

Leaving an option empty will use the default in this case.
Thus the following command will apply a pitch shift of one octave downward from my master sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo (replace with your sink) to the output sink ladspa_out with a semitone shift of -12, that is a rate shift of -50%, and with a dry (unprocessed) mixer level of -90dB, and a wet (processed) level of 0dB.
pacmd load-module module-ladspa-sink sink_name=ladspa_out master=alsa_output.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo plugin=tap_pitch label=tap_pitch control=-12,-50,-90,0

For some plugins the documentation may be not be complete, or appropriate setting will need quite some experimenting until they are right.
Comment: How can I apply one of these filters (made from pacmd load-module module-ladspa-sink *) to my microphone input? So I can run a system wide filter and it applies to Mumble, Teamspeak, Skype, Games. I want other people to here the filtered input, it's not for myself (only).
Comment: @braindamage can't test this here (no microphone) but try with a duplex profile for the master sink, or try with .monitor as the master.
Comment: your link to the plugin documentation is a 404 error.
Comment: @DBear thank you for the notice. TAP are no longer developed, the souce is hosted on GitHUb: https://github.com/tomszilagyi/tap-plugins but the documetation sadly appears to be gone (try with WayBackMachine).


Does bitcoin count as income in the U.K.?

Question: If I mine bitcoin, would it count as income in the UK? If so, would I have to declare the value of my bitcoin on any forms which ask for how much money/income I have?
Answer: Yes you would.
Bitcoin is a form of property right or asset, just like any other form of wealth. And, income is a positive increase in the sum total of your property rights. You might be able to take deductions in connection with whatever you parted with in order to obtain a bitcoin, depending on the transaction, just as you might be able to take a deduction for inventory expenses associated with income in the form of money.
Comment: @user6726 Stock shares are a good analogy to bitcoin. Stock shares are a form of wealth, just like stock shares, and I agree that a mere change in value of bitcoins you happen to own wouldn't be a realization of income for tax purposes unless you are required to use mark to market accounting for some reason (e.g. govt program resources tests mark to market). But, if you get bitcoins in exchange for goods/services, that is income just as if you had gotten money. "Mining" bitcoin is a bit like receiving IPO stock in exchange for investment banking services offered to the company making the IPO.
Comment: Stock shares are also property, whose value goes up and down. You report income after a sale, not after a market fluctuation. Why would bitcoin be legally different, and be income before it is converted?
Comment: @user6726 So say if I was on ESA benefits which requires that I have no more then £x in my name. Would I have to have to declare the amount I have in bitcoin or not? I want to know for 1) just having bitcoin and 2) spending bitcoin.
Comment: I cannot tell: the authorities are not at all helpful in saying what the actual law is.
Comment: @user15148 I think that you would have to declare the amount that you have in bitcoin. You would have to declare the amount of gold coins or Euro denominated bank accounts you have and bitcoin is no different.
Comment: If it was gold being dug up instead of bitcoin I do not think there would be  income from the mining activity but from the later selling gold. This seems to show that it not the increase in the sum of your assets that triggers an income tax.
Answer: Yes.
HMRC "does not consider cryptoassets to be currency or money" but sees them as having economic value because "they can be 'turned to account' - for example, exchanging them for goods, services, fiat currency (that is money declared by a government to be legal tender) or other tokens". They are "a new type of intangible asset".
Individuals are liable "to pay UK tax if they are a UK resident and carry out a transaction with their tokens which is subject to UK tax". They are liable for "Income Tax and National Insurance contributions on cryptoassets which they receive from their employer as a form of non-cash payment [or from] mining, transaction confirmation or airdrops."  - HMRC cryptoassets for individuals


What are you using for waterproofing?

Question: If you are taking your recording gear in rainy climates or large amounts of water, what sort of waterproofing techniques are you using?  Waterproof bags?  Anybody have any sound devices wetsuits?  Maybe I should make one?!
Comment: @NoiseJockey is writing a series about this kind of stuff, Portage, on www.sonic-terrain.com. There's nothing there specifically about waterproofing yet, but robust bags might be a start in your case: http://www.sonic-terrain.com/2010/09/portage-i-the-mil-spec-way/ .
Comment: @justin I think Sepulchra is a founder of Sonic Terrain ;)
Comment: @Ryan, that's good to know, it'll probably come in handy when I want to not make a fool of myself... :P
Comment: Lots of condoms, elastics, cheap raincoats, ducktape, and triple redundancy. Its said that rice absorbs moisture so might help keeo things dry inside if placed in next to your kit perhaps wrapped up in cheesecloth for instance. Good luck!
Answer: Oh, trust me, there'll be an article on Sonic Terrain about this soon... ;-)
For me, it depends on whether we're talking about protection against immersion (dunking, dropping into the drink) or splashes (waves, rain, dripping condensation). The former is the hardest, due to cabling, but I've experimented with cutting holes in kayak dry bags and sealing a cable in the hole with silicone caulking. This works for things like hydrophones, but you still need do the ol' condom trick with mics and make sure that the connector to the mic is also sheathed/waterproofed.
For splashes, I use a Rainman cover by Remote Audio when it's really wet. Others rig up similar, cheaper rigs with "hogshair" insulation, but I try to avoid visits to my Big Box Home Improvement Retailer as much as possible. :-) I agree with Matthew that windjammers do pretty well for light mist and occasional drips, but they'll start dripping internally themselves if they get oversaturation, and that's what you need to avoid for maximum mic health.
For recorders themselves, a lot of options exist. Some field bags have clear plastic covers. Petrol and SportsShooter make ponchos with clear chest windows for bag operation. Heck, you can indeed just put stuff in clear, flexible dry bags and do the same thing, though it looks odd and you still need to route the cabling out somewhere.
It's been my experience that all pro gear, except mics (which have open grates over the capsules) are constructed to be fine with the odd single raindrop or five, from cameras to Sound Devices mixers. But for prolonged wet conditions, definitely protect yourself!
If you can afford it, look into eVent or Goretex Pac-Lite raingear for your body. Those are the most breathable waterproof fabrics out there, eVent many more times so than Pac-Lite. Great for warm, rainy days or when you're on the move.
Comment: noisejockey I should clarify, I am referring to the recorder specifically. I have been around a lot of bodies of water lately and I'm worried about it accidentally taking a dunk or being smothered by a a wave.
Comment: Nice idea on cutting holes in a dry bag! I kept my handheld recorder in one of those when I was travelling for six months and it survived some very wet, humid moments, including being neck high in swamp water in the middle of a rainforest. The outside of the bag was soaked but the inside 100% dry. If you can definitely re-seal the holes that's a viable option...
Comment: @sepulchra Then I'd definitely look at clear drybags by manufacturers like SealLine, and do the hole-puncture-plus-silicone trick to "bake" a cable in there. Ewa Marine from Germany makes bags for cameras that are similar but don't get univerally high marks.
Answer: For the mics, a Rycote blimp and windjammer do a great job.  They are 100% synthetic and can get soaking wet and dry off perfectly.  For mixers and recorders, get a good rain fly or a variety of plastic garbage bags.

What are you using for waterproofing?


Is it necessary to have the good car's engine running when jumpstarting

Question: When jump-starting a vehicle, one first connects the positive and negative terminals between the two cars: positive to positive and negative (good battery) to a bolt head on the vehicle with the dead battery. Next comes the actual jump-starting part - turning the engine of the vehicle with the dead battery. My question is does the the engine of the car with the good battery have to be running before one attempts starting the engine of the vehicle with the dead battery, and if yes, then why?
Comment: This question is better off on Mechanics.stackexchange.com. Aside from that, yes, you need it on, because of how batteries get charged. You need a higher voltage to charge a battery. While a new battery at 100% charge might be a good 13v, it won't properly charge a dead battery and you run the risk of draining the good battery as well.
Answer: Your description of connecting the two cars is correct.  I want to emphasize making the last connection to the "bolt head" you mention.  Any large piece of unpainted metal will do.  The reason for this is to keep the resulting spark away from the battery.  If they battery has been venting fumes, the spark can (although it's very unlikely) cause them to ignite and explode.
Back to your question:  It is better to have the "good" car's engine running, because its alternator will be able to provide current to the "dead" car in addition to keeping the good car's battery charged.
Once the cables are connected you can wait a few minutes for the dead car's battery to charge up a bit. Often, however, the good car will often be able to provide enough power to start the dead car right away, without waiting.
Also, when the dead car actually cranks up, its own alternator can cause a significant spike into both car's systems.  Now that cars rely so heavily on digital electronics, this spike can damage the controlling computer.  It is wise to turn on the headlights of both cars before starting the bad car.  Any surge will be dampened by the light bulbs, which will flow more current when the voltage increases.
(If you're having to wait for the dead battery to charge, keep the headlights off while you're waiting.)
Both of these events (the exploding battery and the fried computer) are really unlikely, and people jump cars without these precautions all the time.  But, in this case, it doesn't hurt to be safe :)
Finally, after disconnecting the cables, make sure the previously-dead car stays running for a while!  You need to give the battery some time to charge up again.
Good luck!
Comment: In fact the user manual for my car (BMW) specifically instructs turning on the headlights, not just the sidelights, when jump-starting another vehicle, for the reason above.
Comment: Interesting, @peterG, good to know!
Comment: There are cars that will program themselves into a "limp-home" mode requiring an expensive visit to the dealer if you draw the 12V bus down too far. Running the engine may prevent that.
Comment: Actually, the batteries (if they are in ok condition) will do more to contain the spike than the headlights do. What you shouldn't do is to disconnect the cables with the recipient engine running if there's any suspicion that the recipient battery might be faulty in addition to having no charge. When the cables are removed with the recipient engine running, the faulty recipient battery won't contain the spike caused by the alternator, and the recipient car electronics may fry. So, if the recipient battery is in unknown condition, just charge it for few minutes and try starting it again.
Comment: Also, modern LED headlights may not be as good in containing spikes as traditional halogen bulbs are...


Guess the picture password

Question: This is my picture password as used in windows 10. I took the picture from my wallpapers and added some hints. I showed this to many people whom I believed to be able to solve it, but the only one that was close was a friend of mine who was a Touhou fan and also recently watched the Detective Conan episode Ran's Suspicions.
Comment: This is the original picture, but it looks the same to me... http://i.imgur.com/SYTPNRC.jpg
Comment: There are red boxes added.
Comment: A Windows picture password consists of a bunch of gestures on the screen; are we supposed to guess these gestures, or a traditional alphanumeric password?
Comment: I added the boxes you noticed (and one more crucial thing), so that you know where to tap. In my case the gestures are just tapping a spot. (fyi, there are not more than 3 allowed by windows). There is a lot you have to know to figure this out, but Wesley Situ has collected almost all you need.
Comment: Sakuya (3rd girl) is also underlined.
Comment: Heck, I'm just glad I'm not the only fan of Touhou here.
Answer: Updated answer. For the picture password:

 Tap the squares next to 3, 9 then 8.

Because

 The character Sakuya is underlined. You can break up her name into three sounds: SA, KU, YA. Those syllables sound like the corresponding digits in Japanese: 3 (san), 9 (kyuu), 8 (hachi / See below for it's connection with "ya")

For reference for people who aren't too familiar with Touhou and Japanese

 Numbers
 1 - ichi
 2 - ni
 3 - san
 4 - yon / shi
 5 - go
 6 - roku
 7 - nana / shichi
 8 - hachi
 9 - kyuu

Characters
 1 - Hakurei Reimu (I don't see a relationship between her name and 1)
  One of the main playable characters, boss in Imperishable Night (8th game, stage 4)

 2 - Chen (She says "Nyaa" which has the "ni" sound in it)
  Boss in Perfect Cherry Blossom (7th game, stage 2)

 3 - Izayoi Sakuya (I don't see a relationship between her name and 3)
  Boss in Embodiment of Scarlet Devil (6th game, stage 5)

 4 - Konpaku Youmu (She says "Myon" which has the "yon" sound in it)
  Boss in Perfect Cherry Blossom (7th game, stage 5)

 5 - Alice Margatroid (She says "Gossun" which has the "go" sound in it)
  Boss in Perfect Cherry Blossom (7th game, stage 3)

 6 - Kamishirasawa Keine (Not sure about the relationship with 6)
  Mid-stage boss in Imperishable Night (8th game, extra stage)

 7 - Remilia Scarlet (Not sure about relationship with 7, but 7 is written the same way as "ku" in katakana)
  Boss in Embodiment of Scarlet Devil (6th game, stage 6)

 8 - Yakumo Yukari (The "Ya" in "Yakumo" is the same character as 8)
  Boss in Perfect Cherry Blossom (7th game, phantasm stage)
  Maybe relevant, but Yakumo Ran is the boss to the extra stage

 9 - Cirno (Pronounced Chi-ru-no, 9 comes from the game's user manual depicting her easy mode spellcard that can be beat by just standing in front of her)

Connection to Ran's Suspicions
  The episode connects a word to a passcode. Specifically, Sherlock becomes 4869, which can translate to "shi-ha-ro-kyuu", sounding like "Sherlock"
Comment: It is not 123456789. Reimu: Player 1, Sakuya: "Sa". She could also be "10" because the character for 10 appears in her name. Keine's is a reference to one of her lines, I think.
Comment: Yes, well done :)

Guess the picture password


What are the parameters of 'Don't open [your] mouth to Satan'?

Question: There is a principle of al tiftach peh l'satan (Ketubot 8b, Berakhot 19a). I would like to know if this concept is specifically limited to speech. Would writing, signing, or some other form of (non-verbal) communication fall under the parameters of al tiftach peh l'satan?
related
Comment: Could you please explain your term and give background (in the question)? Especially since your link is in Hebrew
Answer: This is the equivalent of the English phrase Don't tempt fate> As a result it could involve any means that would allow the Satan to call for a judgement against you from the heavenly court. This could involve any phrase or sign or action. Since most communication by people is verbal, that is the usual reference.
An example of this is that people leave the shul for Yizkor if both parents are alive. This is not that they do not want to be present during the memorializing of the dead, but that it looks as though they are deliberately refraining from tefilah. This action is like al tiftach peh lasatan.
I have seen references to do not smoke as involving al tiftach peh lasatan because one is endangering ones health. In that case as well we see that it is an action rather than just speech.
Opening one's mouth to Satan

It also teaches that one should not even give slight recognition to
  his instincts, "as once the dam cracks, its bursts". The instinctual
  drives are like a surge pushing forward all of the time, a brief
  outlet can cause a tremendous flow of energy into the instinctual.
  Therefore, not even "opening one's mouth" is the best gaurd against
  the instincts.

Al Tiftach Peh Lasatan
Literally: Don't open your mouth (gateway) to the devil
Idiomatically: Don't tempt fate

This unusual phrase is actually still in use today. It is brought down
  by the Talmud (Ketuvot 8b, Brachot 19a) and refers to the idea of not
  inviting misfortune. In Brachot, it is part of a discussion on the
  obligation to say the Shema Yisrael prayer (which is time related),
  during a funeral, and the idea of mentioning how we ourselves have
  sinned and not been punished. Abaye said "Don't even say it since we
  learned from Rav Jose 'Leolam al yiftach adam piv lasatan' - Never
  open your mouth for the devil – which could invite punishment. This
  phrase, by the way, is totally universal and can be found in dozens of
  languages and cultures from Thai to Swedish to Irish. Similar to the
  Hebrew idea of tempting fate, we find it in medieval English as "Speak
  of the devil and he doth appear." The idea behind this seems to be the
  superstition that by mentioning the devil by name you can cause harm.
  Today, in most cultures, the phrase is far more lighthearted,
  referring to a person who shows up when you mention him. In Hebrew
  that phase would be "Medabrim al ha-chamor, (ve-hinei hu ba)" -
  Talking about the donkey, (and here he comes).
Comment: This doesnt seem to present any sort of evidence whatsoever regarding the OP's question. I don't see how it is an answer.


Disappearing dropbox icon, can't uninstall and reinstall

Question: My dropbox icon from the top bar has disappeared. I have tried to uninstall and reinstall as suggested in an answer to someone with a similar problem but sudo apt-get remove dropbox gets the reply "virtual packages such as dropbox can't be removed". Then I tried sudo apt-get remove dropbox; rm -rvf ~/.dropbox ~/.dropbox-dist (from the dropbox site)which removed some items but not dropbox itself. What do I do? I am using 12.04 and am new to ubuntu.
I still have the launcher icon and the folder but changes/new files don't upload automatically.
Comment: can you remove/reinstall it from software center?
Comment: First could you be more precise about the version of ubuntu you are using (Are you running 12.04 or 14.04 or ...) and the graphic environnement (unity, gnome, kde ...)? Anyway, I just the afternoon trying to fix a similar problem. After a few "miss and try", here is my solution: Ubuntu 12.04 (precise), gnome classic.
My version of dropbox was quite old and I received a mail from the dropbox company advisng me to upgrade.
I created a "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/dropbox.list"as advised [on "ubuntuupdates"](http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/ppa/dropbox?dist=precise) I don't want dropbox to start with my
Answer: I run Ubuntu 14.0.4 and also have the issue where the icon doesn't show by default/from the install I have to run the following:
<code>sudo apt-get install libappindicator1
</code>


what does the cover page of Guyon and Labordere's Nonlinear Option Pricing represent?

Question: It could be a bit offtopic, but I don't see the link between the contents of the book and the cover page.
Thanks
Comment: I dropped one of the authors an e-mail.
Comment: It looks to me like a contour line graph for a (highly nonlinear) function of two variables. But what it has to do with options I don't know.
Answer: Julien Guyon was so kind as to explain the story behind the cover and gave me permission to share it with the rest of the community:

There's no direct link between the contents of the book and the cover
page. I love Josef Albers' art and we decided to choose one of Albers'
artworks to illustrate the cover page. The lithograph somehow suggests
nonlinearity, as it evokes level sets of a nonlinear function, so we
thought it would fit well---and also fit well with the black, white,
and red style of the covers of this book series.
The artwork is Graphic Tectonic by Josef Albers (1941). It was
actually inspired by pre-Columbian archaeological sites that Albers
visited in Mexico. This is well explained and illustrated in the
superb book Josef Albers in Mexico. It is a funny coincidence that the
quant.stackexchange.com message was posted on Saturday, as I went to
the Albers and Morandi exhibition at the David Zwirner gallery in New
York City precisely that day and thought again about the book cover!
Comment: Haha great story overall!
Comment: The work itself is Prefatio (Preface) (1942). The graphic tectonic is a serie of works. It is at the MOMA https://www.moma.org/collection/works/65883?artist_id=97&page=1&sov_referrer=artist
Answer: This book aims to demonstrate advanced numerical methods for solving high-dimensional nonlinear PDEs, which do often arise in option pricing. Hence, the authors present general mathematical tools which could be applied to solve these nonlinear (parabolic) PDEs.
The price of a European option under the Black-Scholes model is governed by a linear second order PDE, for which even an analytical solution exists. However, many factors, such as uncertain volatilities or market anomalies, to name just a few, or the calibration of local stochastic volatility/correlation models, lead to nonlinear parabolic PDEs. For these problems, an analytical solution does not exist.
To me, the graph on the cover thus represents such a highly nonlinear function (as @noob2 already pointed out) which eventually could be approximated using one of the numerical methods presented in this book.
Edit:
To answer @noob2's question in the comment section, the Feyman-Kac formula is the link between PDEs and stochastic processes. This formula shows that the solution of a parabolic PDE can be represented as a conditional expectation (see this Wikipedia article). Since all options (with some exceptions) depend on the time to maturity, they are modelled by parabolic PDEs (containing partial derivatives in time), which model a variety of time-dependent phenomena, see the Heat equation for example. Note that the Black-Scholes PDE by the way is a small variant of the Heat equation. Because of the aforementioned factors, many real-world problems in QuantFinance are not linear, they are modelled by high-dimensional nonlinear parabolic PDEs. Finding a solution to these kind of problems is the main concern of this book.


micrometer exposing actuator metrics vs kube-state-metrics vs metrics-server to set pod request/limits

Question: micrometer exposing actuator metrics to set request/limit to pods in K8svs metrics-server vs kube-state-metrics -> K8s Mixin from kube-promethteus-stack Grafana dashboad
It's really blurry and frustrating to me to understand why there is such big difference between values from the 3 in the title and how should one utilize K8s Mixin to set proper request/limits and if that is expected at al.
I was hoping I can just see same data that I see when I type kubectl top podname --containers to what I see when I open K8s -> ComputeResources -> Pods dashboard in Grafana. But not only the values differ by more than a double, but also reported values from actuator differ from both.
When exposing spring data with micrometer the sum of jvm_memory_used_bytes is corresponding more to what I get from metrics-server (0.37.0) rather then what I see on Grafana from the mixin dashboards, but it is still far off.
I am using K8s: 1.14.3 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS managed by kubespray.
kube-prometheus-stack 9.4.4 installed with helm 2.14.3.
Spring boot 2.0 with Micrometer. I saw the explanation on metrics-server git that this is the value that kubelet use for OOMKill, but again this is not helpful at all as what should I do with the dashboard? What is the the way to handle this?
Comment: I found out the double values are result of something in the provided querry in Grafana: When I run the following instant vector container_memory_working_set_bytes{cluster="", namespace="qa2", pod="service-x-684f5565b7-wbgm6", container!="POD", container!="", image!=""} why would I get 4 results instead of 2 (service and istio-proxy), what is the logical explanation behind this, I get 2 time the service and 2 time the proxy with same values, but different id in the metrics endpoint is that a bug in kube-prometheus-stack helm chart or perhaps something on operator level?
Answer: Based on what I see so far, I have found the root cause, renamed kubelet service from old chart to new that can get targeted by serviceMonitors. So for me the best solution would be grafana kube-state-metrics + comparing what I see in the jvm dashboard


How to calculate similarity between 2 users based on the images they share?

Question: Say there are 2 users, A and B, and they each shared 10 images (in some social media site), which I have collected in 2 folders separately.
I want to calculate the similarity between the 2 users based on all the images they shared. For example, there is a sense of the 2 users being more similar if they both share pictures of food; and the 2 users would be dissimilar if one of them shares pictures of food while the other posts selfies. And the 2 users should be even more similar if they both share pictures of food containing chicken dishes only. And so on.
How do I calculate this similarity? I thought of adding up the similarities of each pair of images, and then averaging them. But this clearly doesn't work, because take only 1 user for instance. If you calculate this user's similarity to itself, the similarity will not be 1. But we expect the similarity of something with itself to be 1.
So, how do we measure this similarity of users based on their images shared?
EDIT: I am getting the following similarities in my actual use case:
<code>import time

img_path = 'Images/All_Users/'
user_list = ['User '+str(i) for i in range(1,11)]
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=user_list, index=user_list)
for user1 in user_list:
    for user2 in user_list:
        t = time.time()
        sum_img_sim = 0
        user1_files = [x for x in os.listdir(img_path+user1+'/') if "jpg" in x]
        user2_files = [x for x in os.listdir(img_path+user2+'/') if "jpg" in x]

        for image1 in user1_files:
            for image2 in user2_files:
                sim = image_similarity(img_path+user1+'/'+image1, img_path+user2+'/'+image2)
                sum_img_sim += sim

        df[user1][user2] = sum_img_sim/(len(user1_files)*len(user2_files))
        print(user1 +' and '+ user2 + ' done in ' + str(time.time()-t) + ' secs. Similarity: ' + str(df[user1][user2]))
</code>

So, as you can see, there's not much difference in the similarities, and I'm getting anomalies like User 2 has a similarity of 0.47 with itself, while User 1 and User 10 have a similarity of 0.49
Answer: Use a similarity vector with the dimension of all possible similarities, which initially are set to zero everywhere. Go over the shared images of one user and for each image set the vector to 1 at the positions of the similarities from the image.
Do the same for another user.
Use the scalar product as similarity metric between the two users.
You can add weights for similarities which appear more than 1 time on the shared images.


Moving Tridion Library to GAC

Question: We are planning to move all Tridion DLL from the website's BIN directory to computers' Global Assembly Cache (GAC) so they don't need to be repeated for each website. Is there anything I should pay attention to? Any downside of doing so?
Comment: Nick - I don't think so. For example, what if this affects the support position... etc. I'd say it's a reasonable question to ask in a Tridion context.
Comment: This isn't a question specific about Tridion, rather is a generic GAC vs. App's bin question.  It should be asked on Stackoverflow and not be specific to Tridion.
Answer: I agreed it is not strictly Tridion specific but in Tridion context, I would say:

Do not do that on the production (stating the obvious), but do some testing / try and error on Dev box
When later on upgrading Tridion and site, do not forget GAC has old version of dlls
When a new Tridion DLL happens to have the same assembly version (but a different file version), the GAC version will be picked up even if you have a local BIN copy.
Make sure any interop and juggernet related dll work without a local BIN copy
If it is a dev machine, put the DLLs in a sensible and easy to remember place so Visual Studio can refer to them.
Answer: Here is a post discussing putting assemblies in GAC vs. BIN:
http://www.instantquick.com/index.php/deploying-assemblies-to-bin-versus-gac?c=elumenotion-blog-archive/features
It is no different for Tridion.

Moving Tridion Library to GAC


Just what is negation in Sartre's philosophy?

Question: In Being and Nothingness, Sartre discusses negation in a number of contexts, but I cannot for the life of me figure out a definition of it--even a rough one. So far as I can tell, it is not merely a logical operation and it is not just a psychological attitude. Does anyone have any insights or suggestions for me to understand this better?
Comment: see also https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/q/40774/28067
Comment: Sartre's point is that the self the " pour soi" cannot be itself in the same way as an " en soi" is itself. This table is itself in the sense of a pure logical identity, the traditional  transcendental concept of unity as indivisibility ( " Ens et unum convertuntur") perfectly applies here. A thng , an " en soi" is a plenim. But for the self to be himself, he has to be aware of himself, and , in that sense he has not to be himself in order to be the self he is, for the " watcher" ( " spectateur de soi-même") never perfectly " matches" the being that is watched. .
Comment: It means that, at the heart of the self, there is an internal " divsion", a " crack", a " fissure"  : " I am what I am not, and I am not what I am". Note that this internal negation is not equivalent to the subject / object opposition : Sartre explicitly rejects the traditional concept of self-consciousness as knowing oneself , that is, as " being reflectively an object for oneself". Self consciousnesss is " non-positional" consciousness, a consciousness without intentionality.
Comment: http://www.daniel-pimbe.com/pages/explications-de-textes/page-5.html
Comment: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/self-consciousness-phenomenological/#PreRefSelCon
Answer: If I understand this correctly, Sartre considers negation (usually as internal negation) as one of the fundamental aspect of humanity, because it reflects the tension between being-in-itself and being-for-itself where the latter is (ostensibly) a feature specific to human consciousness. 'Being-in-itself', for Sartre, is the totality of what someone is: the accumulated sum of one's biology, history, and thoughts and behavior as they manifest in the present moment. 'Being-for-itself', by contrast, is the aggregate of how we perceive ourselves: what we think of ourselves, what we want for ourselves, what we imagine ourselves to be... As you can see, the second of these often amounts to a rejection or denial of the first: we want to be the kind of person who does X, so we reject the fact that (historically) we may have done Y.
That is the sense of 'negation' in Sartre: negating that which is historically (observably) the case in support of an aspirational or ideal view of the self. It's that philosophical tension that drives learning, growth, ethics, and etc.
Comment: Thanks! That helps a lot!


What is the complete scrum process for testing a change from start to end

Question: I need complete start to end scrum process for testing a change.
From taking a bug/enhancement from the product backlog , getting a BRD/FSD, writing Test scenarios......to........logging bugs to Jira or what ever is the end.
Comment: Scrum is an Agile methodology ( http://agilemanifesto.org/ ). Business requirement documents do not sound very agile :) http://www.agilehelpline.com/2011/04/how-to-deal-with-business-requirement.html
Comment: What does BRD/FSD mean?
Comment: Business requirement document and functional document
Answer: Scrum does not define any processes for testing, its more about a general iterative software development workflow and describes communication points and artefacts.
The cycle of a Scrum sprint is that the team commits to a certain number of stories and at the end of their sprint. Those stories should meet the teams definition of done. Which should including testing practises, but the team should come up with what they need to bring the highest quality to make and keep their stakeholders happy. I would start with the most simplest DoD and add steps as your are running into issues.
Some things to keep in mind when defining a test process into the DoD:

Try to prevent a mini waterfall, do not plan testing at the end of the sprint or task. Read this post: http://www.agilecoachjournal.com/index.php/2014-02-03/scrum/a-sprint-is-not-a-2-week-waterfall/
Introduce XP practises like TDD and make sure each story has automated test coverage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_programming_practices#Test_driven_development
Less is more, do not introduce a full fletched process into an Agile workflow, unless its absolutely necessary. Make sure you have a continuous improvement process going and have a natural evolution of the teams workflow, with a focus on better quality.
Fix defects created in the sprint in the sprint and make sure the product is a in releasable state at any time.
Read the book Agile Testing: http://agiletester.ca/

Handling defects is a more complex topic and could be handled in different ways, either:

Keep a zero bug policy. In the next sprint first fix all the defects, learn from them and lower the teams velocity accordingly.
Plan in defects like any other story, since defects are just changes like any other feature, why would they be handled differently?

Keep in mind that not all defects are equal. Some might lower customer satisfactions, while others might be used as features by some clients. Be sure to prioritise defects in the same way as features. Thats why I like the number 2 better then the number 1, but don't let your bug-list grow out of control.
Answer: What you are asking for is a book full of knowledge. Here is a real world example from the International Scrum Institute to get the ball rolling.
Also, this question has been asked in other Stack sites.


Capital Gains and Capital Gain Distributions for a mutual fund

Question: I'm currently working on my tax return for 2018.  I have taken my 1099's and calculated short term and long term capital gains and losses for my mutual funds where basis is reported and unreported.  On my 1099 is listed capital gain distributions.  Haven't I already taken care of this in part 1 and part 2 of schedule D, by listing the proceeds and costs.  Line 13 seems like double taxation.
Answer: If you  have invested in a mutual fund, then there are two kinds of capital gains that you need to report on your tax return.

If you sold mutual fund shares (you can't sell the shares to anyone other than the mutual fund that issued the shares), then the fund (or your brokerage) will send you a Form 1099-B stating what the capital gains on the sale were, breaking these down into short-term and long-term gains that you report on Schedule D.
In addition, mutual funds pay you dividends that they have collected from the underlying stock shares that the fund owns, as well as short-term and long-term capital gains that the mutual fund generated by selling some of the stocks that it holds (quite unbeknownst to you). These distributions are reported to you (and the IRS) on Form 1099-DIV and you report them all on your tax return in the appropriate places (Long-Term capital gains on Line 13 of the new Schedule 1 attached to your Form 1040 and also on Schedule D itself if you have other entries on Schedule D; if you don't have any capital gains to report on Schedule D other than mutual fund distributions, then you check a box on Schedule 1 and skip Schedule D entirely).  The reason for this distribution is if the money were not distributed, then the fund would have to pay taxes on those dividends and gains, thereby lowering the return that it can report to the investor where said return is a source of bragging rights and Morningstar Stars in advertisements. Capital losses, on the other hand, are not distributed to the shareholders but are retained by the fund to be used to offset future gains.

So, No, there really isn't double taxation of any kind. There are two sources of capital gains income from a mutual fund that are reported on two different Forms 1099 (they differ in the qualifier -B or -MISC), and both must be reported on the income tax return and the appropriate taxes paid.


I was supposed to return from England to India. After taking my boarding pass, I lost my passport. What should I do?

Question: I already took my boarding pass and then misplaced my passport
Comment: Are you at the airport? Go back to the check in desk.
Comment: If you've already gone through security, talk to an airport or airline employee. If you left your passport at checkin they will probably get it for you.
Comment: You need to go asap to the embasy or consulate
Comment: the answer is: **immediately tell an airline staff**.  they have procedures for this.
Answer: If you have just received your boarding pass - this means you have not yet passed through immigration; however you must have shown your passport to the check-in desk agent in order to receive your boarding pass.
You need to:

First, check your bags. You may have placed it somewhere other than where you would normally look. Try to get to a table where you can put your carry-on luggage and search it it properly.
Check on your person. You may have placed it in a different jacket/pants/coat pocket by mistake. This happens more often than  you would think.
Walk back the same way you came and look on the ground, maybe you have dropped it?
Go back to the check-in counter and ask the staff to check. If they found it, they will keep it for you at the check-in desk.
Report the matter to the airport police; they can then see if anyone has turned in a passport to any airport/airline employee.

Unfortunately if all the above fails, you cannot travel as you cannot pass through immigration.
If you have any luggage checked in, ask the airline staff and they will coordinate to get it returned to you. Next, you need to get a police report from the airport police of the incident and take this report to you country's embassy and ask for a replacement passport or emergency travel document.
You'll have to re-book your flight once you have received the replacement passport.
Answer: you need to report to the police first and then to your embassy later. You will be in hell for many weeks if you lost your passport in a foreign land.
Comment: I've left my passport at checkin before, and I got it back from the airline.  They only held it for maybe 5 minutes, but still, I would ask there first.  If they gave it to the police or to airport security or whomever], they'll tell you so, and then you can get it from the police.
Comment: Before reporting to the police, it's probably best to ask the airline, since there's a good chance that they have the passport.  If they don't, then go to the police.
Comment: Asking the airline does not hurt but Ben has a point, airlines tend to give found passports to the police ASAP (maybe not 5 min of course, but certainly not longer than a day) and even the police is loath to keep them for longer than a few days. I know this because I once had to recover a passport from a consulate even though I got both the airline and the police on the phone confirming in turn that they had the passport but telling me they would not hold onto it for the week I needed before coming to pick it up.
Comment: "Many weeks" is a bit much, since a consulate should be able to issue you emergency travel documents in a matter of hours.
Comment: "Hell" is a little strong. You'll have to deal with some bureaucratic processes, which will take a little bit (though not many weeks), and incur some extra costs, but it's still a relatively fixable problem.
Comment: The airline will not hold your passport because they do not want to bear the responsibility. They will straightaway pass to the airport police or immigration.


Does "get paid" mean "receive the income"?

Question: Does get paid mean receive the income? Is there any other difference between them?
Answer: Too short a context to comment on. get paid could mean several things.

You'll get paid for your deeds - You'll receive good/bad fortune for all what you do. Here, getting paid has nothing to do with payment!   You'll get paid for this work - Certainly, here, you receive the income (money).

Another interesting meaning is here where it means obtaining cash through other than commonly respectable means.


In what order should I read Andre Norton's space novels?

Question: I'm just finishing up rereading The Zero Stone and Uncharted Stars after forty years or so, and I've realized she wrote many more books in the same general setting -- I recall Zacathans, for instance, in another book I read about the same time I first read the Murdoc Jern books.  I remember one title: Forerunner Foray, but Norton's short bio mentions tens of books in the space setting.  What titles are those, and in what order should they be read?
Comment: @Paulie_D - You should flesh that out into an answer.
Comment: https://www.fantasticfiction.com/n/andre-norton/
Comment: @JohnP I honestly don't know Norton's wrok well enough to really expand on what joint universe the OP might be referring to. I just know that FF is a great resource site for authors / work "collections" etc.
Comment: @Paulie_D - Ah, ok. I didn't follow the link, I thought it was a straight link to a recommended reading list.
Answer: A general timeline of Alice Mary North's huge list of work is here:
http://www.andre-norton-books.com/archive/Timeline.htm
This ties together a LOT of her work, but may help you eliminate reading choices from the confusion.
Comment: Wow, if I try to read all of that, I'll be searching (presuming these are not all available in print or on Kindle) and reading for the rest of my life!
Answer: In looking around, I found two sites that give series and stand alone books in both publication and chronological order.

Order of Books
Books in Order

Both of these list the publication order, and then if it is different, the chronological order. For the two you mention they are listed only with a publication order.
As I cannot find a source that lists any of the books in sequence other than series, I think they are basically standalone books and if you read them in publication order you are ok.


DIsplaying images on nodes?

Question: In one of the sites I have created, I am using a specific made up 404 page instead of the default one that comes with the server. This 404 page contains an image, and then a block containing text next to it. I then made the url alias for this page "404." Now when I go into the configurations, and set 404 as the 404 error page, it automatically saves it as "node/4." The problem then arises when you go to a page that doesn't exist. If the page is something like www.yrambam.org/nonexistentpage then there is no problem. The page works. But if the page is something like www.yrambam.org/something/nonexistentpage then the page displays without the image, and the formatting of the page becomes all messed up. I am wondering why this happens, and if there is a way to fix it.
Comment: have you checked the actual html of the page.  is the image gone or just not being found?  the reason I ask is it sounds like it is a path issue, eg, the image is being served relatively, eg, "path/to/image/image.jpg" not "/path/to/image/image.jpg"
Comment: I looked at the html of the page by viewing the source, and in that, the img is actually not even in the html, but it is there when the page is /something instead of /something/something. in fact, the image even disappears when the page is /something/ instead of just /something
Answer: This is definitely an error where the HTML of the 404 page is referencing the image via a relative path rather than an absolute path.
Screenshot of the page + source
Change the HTML of the page to use the image source path '/sites/default/files/pictures/404-error.png'

DIsplaying images on nodes?


For maximum glide range, should I minimize glide angle or AoA?

Question: I'm currently taking an aeronautical engineering course in school. For an upcoming project, we're going to build balsa toss gliders and we have to design our own wings. The program we're using (Aery32) provides information about how the model will fly, including CoD, AoA, and glide angle. I already know that using long, tapered wings will provide the most efficiency, however, to further optimize the design, I need to know which item I should minimize- AoA or glide angle. Obviously in a perfect world I would do both however I don't have a large amount of time. To summarize- I'd like to know if reducing the angle of attack or decreasing the glide angle will provide a further glide.
Comment: Depends on what you are doing for your design. Is the aim to produce an aerofoil that can glide or an aerofoil that can perform well.
Comment: To clarify- the aim here is to fly the furthest distance. It will be thrown both from ground level (arm level, really) and from a high point. The wing will be a flat piece of balsa. I'm more concerned with the overall planform- is pursuing a high aspect ratio the correct move here, or does that not apply to aircraft of this scale (roughly 36 inch wingspan)? Thanks to everyone for your help.
Answer: The furthest glide is by definition the lowest glide angle! So if that is one of your design inputs, you should definitely go for that.

But seriously, reducing weight and form drag gets you the furthest.
1. General glide distance theory
With glide angle $\bar\gamma$ = -$\gamma$:
$\quad C_D \cdot \frac{1}{2} \rho V^2 \cdot S = W \cdot \text{sin }\bar\gamma \tag{1}$
$\quad C_L \cdot \frac{1}{2} \rho V^2 \cdot S = W \cdot\text{cos }\bar\gamma \tag{2}$
Division yields: tan $\bar\gamma$ = $C_D/C_L$, and both $C_D$ and $C_L$ are a direct function of Angle of Attack.
For the drag coefficient the following parabolic approximation can be used to incorporate induced drag: $$C_D = C_{D_0} + \frac {C_L^2}{\pi A e}$$ Minimal $\bar\gamma$ will be at maximal $C_L/C_D$, which will be found at $\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{\pi A e}{C_{D0}}}$. For the lowest glide angle, find the lowest form drag factor $C_D$ and the highest wing aspect ratio A. Longer span & narrower chord will get you further.
2. Toss glider particulars.
They Take Off by an arms throw, and upon release are thrown up with a lot of excess speed and let it exchange speed for extra altitude. After which the glide starts into the trimmed state:  speed, AoA and $\bar\gamma$ (thx to @Zeus for pointing this out).
 The graph above is from Low Speed Airfoil Data by M. Selig, page 68, and depicts $C_L, C_D$ and $\alpha$ at very low design Reynolds numbers. As can be seen:

$({c_l/c_d})_{max}$ of the wing profile, at Re > 300,000, occurs at $\alpha$ = 1°. So wing AoA should be kept close to this angle in flight.
The trimmed speed must be such that Re > 300,000 to reach the minimum $c_d$ at $c_l$ = 0.6. From this Re follows the wing chord, and from equation (2) above then follows $$V_{launch} = \sqrt{\frac{2W}{C_L \rho S}}  \tag{3}$$

Weight follows from the maximum energy W/S should be chosen such that it follows from a comfortable throw.
Comment: Reducing drag, yes.  Reducing weight?  Not sure, especially with smaller models and slower speeds.  Might be some more viscous effects going on.  But weight can be easily added or removed.
Comment: Weight (better yet: mass) is what (indirectly) propells the glider forward. See it this way: The more mass the glider has, the more energy you can launch it with, given a fixed launch speed. Therefore, your advice is poor. It's not about maximum payload (the case where mass savings are important), but maximum glide angle.
Comment: "Upon release must be in their optimum flight state immediately". That's very academic. In reality (and particularly in competitions), you throw the glider up with a lot of excess speed, and let it exchange speed for extra altitude. This is one more thing that favours heavier models. And however you throw it, it will settle on the _trimmed_ AoA and will "choose" the speed accordingly.
Comment: The Reynolds number chart is better advice. Re = Chord x Velocity x 100,000 /1.5 (units in meters and seconds).  The albatross, at 16 m/s, benefits from lower drag for a given lift than slower gliders.
Answer: Well, well, well.  Time to go to ... the well.
"Balsa toss gliders" can be a lot of things, but they are a great place to start.  If they are thrown for distance design criteria will be different from flown from a height such as from a hill or tall building.
Reynolds number is a very important consideration for slow glider models.  No, they are not replicas of larger full scale gliders.  Studying lift to drag graphs at airfoiltools.com should get you off to a good start on selection of airfoil and AoA to use.
Design.  The Wright Brothers?  They started with kites, essentially tethered free flight models.  Airfoil in the back, flat plate in the front. Why??  Above a certain airspeed the cambered airfoil begins to generate a stronger suction peak above the wing forcing the nose down, reducing AoA$^2$.
Though their "canard" design made stall recovery more difficult$^1$, it makes the aircraft less likely to pitch up and stall due to a gust!.  So ... for both applications (throw and hill) ... unsweep Suzanne's$^3$ wings! ... or perhaps ... the "F-14" Suzanne (swing wing with canards).
As with all wings, optimal Lift/Drag AoA will give you optimal range, or Vbg.  Practice will make perfect here, as proper aspect ratio and drag reduction are needed to take 1st prize.  Strength, stability and crosswind performance are important too.
Before you jump into the build, do some homework on similarly sized gliders.  Good luck.
$^1$ The Wrights led the aviation world when sustained powered flight and turning a circle were state of the art.  Once aviators "went vertical":  climbing with more powerful engines, difficulties recovering from the "power on stall" doomed their design, opening the way for the classic tractor/rear tail design we see today.
$^2$  The upper wing suction peak strengthens as velocity increases. This is why Lift/Drag ratio improves with higher Reynolds number.
$^3$  Suzanne is the "Paper Airplane Guy's" record throwing design.


Combining different content types

Question: I do not have much experience with Drupal but I have a question.
I have a content type Hotels with general information about the hotel but also with a field country and country information.
I was thinking to make a content type Country with fields like country information (country Name (England), country description (England is an island), map (googlemaps).
So when I have to add 10 hotels in the same country I do not have to write the same country information again and again.
I want to combine the content type HOTEL and COUNTRY but I really don't know how to do it?
Comment: Your acceptance rate is at 0%. Consider accepting the best answers for the questions you posted so the help you received can help others. You may also upvote the answers you deem relevant / helpful.  YOu can find more details of how this community ticks in the awesome [faq page](http://drupal.stackexchange.com/faq).  Well worth reading. Thanks!
Answer: Set up two content types, "Hotel" and "Country" and use the Entity References module to define a relationship between the two. Then configure it to display a "Rendered entity" formatter, that renders the references entity using a configurable view mode
Comment: Thank you for the response but in the taxonomy for the country are different items then just text. There will be a country Name (England), country description (England is an island), map (googlemaps) And i don't know if this is possible with taxonomy.
Comment: Ah makes sense now. I have edited your question to further clarify what you are trying to accomplish and have edited my answer to better provide a solution.
Answer: For addresses you could use the location or addressfield modules. That will help you don't the road when you integrate with other modules, like gmaps.
The references module is a another good option.

Combining different content types


Bathroom sink overflow clogged

Question: Once when a bathroom sink drain is cleared so that it drains properly, would that also take care of the sink overflow slots at the top??
Answer: Normally the overflows do not plug up so it should have cleared the problem. the Best way to find out is plug the basin and fill until it is draining into the overflows. If it doesn't back up in a few seconds after starting to run in the overflow your system is working properly.

Bathroom sink overflow clogged


How to change green background in magit running in xterm

Question: I am running emacs in xterm with 'emacs -nw'. When examining diffs I find it hard to read text typed in yellow foreground and green background. How do I change it to eg. green/black or green/default combination?
Or is there simpler method to change color theme to something more suitable for xterm?
Answer: While @tarsius's answer gives the canonical answer, since the OP asks for a specific case and I have faced the same issue, I thought I share my resolution.  I use the following face definitions to make the diffs more readable in magit.
(custom-set-faces
 ;; other faces
 '(magit-diff-added ((((type tty)) (:foreground "green"))))
 '(magit-diff-added-highlight ((((type tty)) (:foreground "LimeGreen"))))
 '(magit-diff-context-highlight ((((type tty)) (:foreground "default"))))
 '(magit-diff-file-heading ((((type tty)) nil)))
 '(magit-diff-removed ((((type tty)) (:foreground "red"))))
 '(magit-diff-removed-highlight ((((type tty)) (:foreground "IndianRed"))))
 '(magit-section-highlight ((((type tty)) nil))))

Besides choosing more suitable colours, I also made sure I do not lose the highlighting feature offered by magit.  Please note though, these colours are most suitable when your terminal suports 256 colours (set TERM=xterm-256color).  Although quick testing tells me it is probably still okay with old 8 colour terminals.  There is a caveat, I use a dark background, à la xterm -rv, so all the colours are tuned for a dark background.  Here is a screenshot:
Answer: Use M-x customize-group RET magit-faces RET to get a list of all the magit faces. All the faces whose names begin with magit-diff- are relevant here, so you might have to change quite a few and it won't be easy to get a consistent result.
The manual has a whole node on the subject, but it isn't intended to give you some easy tricks that you could try. Instead it gives an introduction to the problem domain and mentions the relevant conventions and things to consider.
Then again, if you only do this for your own use, you can probably get away with just increasing the contrast in magit-diff-{added,removed,context}.
Answer:
text typed in yellow foreground and green background

In my case, this was a symptom of having TERM=xterm instead of TERM=xterm-256color.  I've seen the same colors when running inside tmux with TERM=screen instead of TERM=screen-256color.


Who is responsible to write UAT Test Scripts for Salesforce project?

Question: In general who is responsible for writing UAT scripts for a typical salesforce implementation? Should the BA from Business side review the feature prototype and write scripts and should it fall on the IT side? Any suggestions how th UAT script writing looks like in an agile / waterfall environment?
Comment: I have a role of PM/BA and responsible for writing UAT test scripts for salesforce project.Salesforce Developers and Admins complete the functionality and then based on final product, I have to write the scripts. The issue is - if I Feature A is completed and I create test script, the developers again make changes to the feature and scripts have to be updated again. Developers cannot make their mind which route to take (workflows or code) to finalize Feature A. In other words, how do you write UAT scripts in an agile environment? Thoughts?
Comment: What is an 'agile / waterfall environment'?
Comment: As it stands this question is a little too broad - can you narrow down the environment you are working in (Team members, delivery framework, experience etc).  Detail would help because right now the answer is "It depends".
Comment: Are you asking this question as the BA and/or IT analyst who doesn't know if you should be performing this task, or as a Project Manager who isn't sure who to assign the work to?
Answer: "UAT script writing" contains from several steps. Some of them can be done by anyone depending on contractual agreement.

Create initial list of scenarios. Any side.
Write down detailed scenarios, fix and update them when needed. Any side.
Review and approve scenarios and changes. Customer only.
Execute scenarios. Any side.

I've seen both extremes:

Vendor does everything, customer only approves.
Vendor has no clue what UAT scenarios are and just receives bugs, customer handles entire UAT process.
Answer: The way UATs are created, accepted and performed should be a part of a contract. The practice I do my bets to use and convince my customers to is that:

Scripts are created by delivery party at the beginning
Scripts are accepted by receiving party at the beginning
UATs are performed by receiving party at the end with active presence of delivery party

It is very important that once scripts are accepted in point 2 above - these scripts describes the tests that once passed - system is accepted. If any other bugs are found during free-form tests - these bugs are part of guarantee/post-guarantee service procedure, and cannot stop acceptance process.
In scope of point 3 it is very important that delivery party will be present and control the UAT process - mainly to make sure receiving party is following scripts, not going left or right from the procedure. Even if they want to (which is extremely common) they need to be stopped and took back to scripts - with an information that free-form tests are indeed possible, but the UATs needs to be completed first.