2011 Ford F-150 Lariat A/C problem

Question: A/C problems. Won't come on sometimes only when I hit a bump. Could something be loose?
Comment: check the air gap on the Compressor clutch, it may be too wide and need some shims removed.
Comment: It will be worth checking the supply fuse and wires as any loose connection could be the cause.
Answer: The compressor clutch has to engage to turn the compressor and enable AC. There is a coil behind the clutch that acts as a magnet when it receives the electrical signal to engage the compressor in order to pull in and engage the clutch. This coil can wear over time and become less effective at pulling in the clutch. It could also simply be too large of an air gap between the compressor and the clutch so it is more difficult for the clutch to engage. It could also be a combination of both.
You could try removing the compressor clutch and taking out a shim (basically a tiny washer) to reduce the air gap. A quick google for your specific vehicle model AC compressor clutch gap specs may tell you how big this air gap should be, and you could check it with feeler gauges to see if it is within spec.
If your AC compressor is somewhat accessible, you could try giving the clutch a quick tap with the handle of a screwdriver or mallet or similar while the engine is running and AC on max, and see if it will make the clutch engage.
The next step would probably be a new AC compressor clutch kit, which would probably include the clutch, coil, and shims to replace it. This would probably be around $200 for the parts, so consider checking the air gap if possible before going this route.
I had a similar experience where the AC would not engage for a while and since my AC compressor was right on top and easily accessible, I could give it a smack with a screwdriver handle and it would kick right on and work again. Finally replaced the clutch as mentioned and haven't had an issue since.
Comment: This could well be a loose wire and the clutch is not faulty.
Comment: @SolarMike it could be. In my experience, I have had a weak coil and a similar issue to OP where big bumps would give it a good shake and make the clutch engage.

2011 Ford F-150 Lariat A/C problem


What are the ideal soil conditions for planting giant sequoia saplings?

Question: I've already germinated giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) seeds for 6 weeks.
What's the ideal soil conditions for planting the saplings?
Answer: From Giant Sequoia Landscape Questions:

Sequoias require moist, rich, balanced ph, and well-drained soil. Permanently swampy or muddy soil will not work.

Based on this, you should make sure your soil is neither sandy nor hard clay... you'll want a loam type of soil.
Answer: Study their native range.
Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron Giganteum) grows in a sandy loam soil in California it's a granitic residual.... Though adaptable to many soil conditions You can replicate it. If you have silt/clay soil it's fine. Break it up real good and mix it with 25% sand with granite dust (a countertop maker which cuts granite will give it to you), 40% potting mix/compost blend and 40% the soil you broke up. Well drained.
Another recommendation is to give your tree a mycorrhizal inoculation.The  mycorrhizal  fungus  basically  serves  as  an  extension  of  the  plant  root  system,  exploring  soil  far  beyond  the  roots'  reach  and  transporting  water  and  nutrients  to  the  roots; by producing micro filaments thousands of times smaller than a normal root, these filaments soak up nutrients like a sponge and give it to the plant, In exchange for a steady diet of sugars. For example: Pine Tree on the right, same age but grown without a myco inoculation
Tree on the left, Same Age grown WITH.


Source of Ladder Operators

Question: This might be a silly question but I am curious as to where the ladder operators in quantum mechanics come from. For example, in introductory texts on quantum mechanics, they try to solve the eigenvalue/eigenstate problem for angular momentum. In the process, you find the commutation relations
$$ [S_i, S_j] = i\hbar \epsilon_{ijk}S_k,$$ and so on. Then, we are introduced to the so called 'ladder operators' $$ S_{\pm} = S_x \pm i S_y$$ and use that to compute a bunch more commutators and get our result in the end. However, these ladder operators just came out of nowhere, they were handed to us. Is there are deeper meaning to them in a sense, or rather where do they come from?
Answer: The origin of the ladder operators is the representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras.
Lie groups are sets of continuous transformations with a group structure. Each continuous transformation of a given group is identified as a group element. In physics these elements or transformations are important because they are mapped into symmetry transformations, such as the rotation symmetry which gives rise to the rotation group. The latter being relevant to the angular momentum theory.
Due to the smooth character of these sets (in fact Lie groups are manifolds) one can study a small region nearby the identity of the group and see how the manifold is spanned. This is done through the so called generators of the group. These generators satisfy certain conditions, in particular, commutation relations, and they form a Lie algebra. It happens that one can obtain much of the information about the group (although not all information) just by studying the algebra (that is, the local structure of the group).
Many of the most relevant Lie algebras in physics are the so-called compact semi-simple Lie algebras. For these algebras it is possible to decompose its generators into two subsets, the Cartan algebra (the maximal set of linearly independent generators $H_i$ that commute among themselves) and the step or ladder operators $E_\alpha$. In general they satisfy
$$[H_i,E_\alpha]=\alpha_iE_\alpha,$$
and the properties of these generators can be used to classify all possible compact and simple Lie algebras.
The generators as well as any (group or algebra) element are in principle abstract and defined just by their actions (such as a given rotation) or by their commutation relations. In order to make things more explicit or (even more important) in order to "fit" these groups and algebra with physical theories one has to adopt a particular representation.
Given a linear representation, the groups or algebra elements are now mapped into linear operators which act on linear spaces. The vectors of these linear space are normally identified with physical states so it is important to find the linearly independent vectors. This is achieved by the representation theory in pretty much the same way for every compact semi-simple Lie algebra, with the help of the ladder operators. By successively acting with them on a given state we can obtain all the states of the theory (or all the states of the representation).
Comment: +1 Very  informative answer, I wanted  to know more regarding the connections you outlined for some time. If you ever write a textbook, please let me know :)
Answer: Imagine you have an electron sitting at rest. We know that the electron has two possible values for measurements of its spin in the z direction, +1/2 and -1/2. The Hilbert space to describe the electron then has two basis states, $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$ that satisfy $S_z |\pm \rangle = \pm \frac{\hbar}{2}|\pm\rangle$.
Now suppose we know the electron system radiates a photon, and in particular it radiates a circularly polarized photon in the z direction. This photon then carries away one unit of angular momentum in the z direction. What is the final state of the electron spin? It must be one unit less than before.
So the question becomes, what operator is associated with this photon process? Which operator takes us from the initial electron state to the final electron state? We are looking for $O$ such that $|e'\rangle = O|e\rangle$. Whatever the operator is, it has to lower the $S_z$ value by one unit. That is, $S_z|e'\rangle = (s_{z,i}-1)|e'\rangle$. To get arrange this, we need $S_z O|e\rangle = OS_z |e\rangle - O|e\rangle$, for every possible initial $|e\rangle$. This implies that $[S_z,O]=-O$.
Can we construct an operator that has this property? The answer is yes: $O = S_x - i S_y$ does the job. Similarly, we can find an operator that increases the spin by one unit: $[S_z,S_+] = +S_+$. Photons carrying angular momentum away in the +z direction must couple in the Hamiltonian to $S_-$ and photons carrying angular momentum in the -z direction couple to $S_+$.
This is the physics motivation for raising and lowering operators. There are also very important math motivations. It turns out that many useful operator algebras can be understood entirely in terms of diagonal operators (like $S_z$) and raising and lowering operators that move between the different eigenstates.
Answer: Basically it arises when we have  a commutation relation of the spin operator and ladder operator (we arrived at the result)
$$[S_z, S_+]=S_+$$
(I had only used $S_z$ and $S_+$ in conventional means)
Now we needed an operator which satisfies this relation.
In other hand we have
$$J^2-J_z=J_x^2+J_y^2$$
Factoring RHS we get
$$J_x^2 +J_y^2 =(J_x+iJ_y) (J_x-iJ_y) -\hbar J_z$$
(Here we had an extra term $\hbar J_z$)
but by the trick $J_x+iJ_y$ and $J_x-iJ_y$ satisfy the commutation relation. From which we got to know that these are ladder operator for spin and where each is hermitian conjugate of other.
Answer: Note that
$$
[S_{\pm},S_{z}] = \pm 2S_{z}
$$
This means that generators $S_{\pm}$ have well-defined "isospin" (i.e., the quantum number associated with the generator $S_{z}$). This is important when we work with eigenstates of $S_{z}$.

Source of Ladder Operators


What is a tolerable request rate for bots?

Question: I'm writing an indexing crawler for my hobby search engine. What would be a safe  figure for requests per second so I wouldn't be mistaken for a DOS attack and I wouldn't get blocked by firewalls and such?
Comment: FWIW Google allows you to control the crawl rate of its Googlebot from between 0.002 (1 request every 8.33 minutes) and 2 requests per second. The default seems to be towards the low end (eg. 0.003) - although this obviously varies per site.
Comment: @MrWhite any references please?
Comment: @Pmpr [Change Googlebot crawl rate](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/48620?hl=en) - The crawl rates I stated above are the default entry-level rates as reported in GSC (and still appears to hold true today). However, for larger/popular sites (that have capacity) then the Googlebot (minimum) crawl rates can be considerably higher.
Comment: I can't see reported numbers in that URL
Answer: I've written a search engine bot before. Building it was fun! There is a lot of cleanup that you'll have to do on the URLs, as munged URLs will constantly crash your search engine bot when it runs.
I'd set it to a 5 second sleep timer. Websites probably won't care as long as you aren't trying to hit them with 10K requests in <1 second. It's pretty easy to tell that if a user isn't looking at a page for 5+ seconds / domain, that they are a bot. Users can't read 2+ pages simultaneously. However in those 5 seconds, you can be scanning 10-15 other websites & indexing their pages. So it's not like your bot will be blocked for 5 seconds while it sleeps. It only sleeps on each site for 5 seconds.
Make sure to name/identify your bot too in the code, so that other webmasters will know that it's a search engine bot & will want to white-list it. You should be able to do that by setting a header.
Answer: Google will not make a request less than 2 seconds apart unless you specifically set a crawl rate. That is a good guideline.
My question is, why write a bot when there are so many open source bots fully developed and fully vetted? It would be a lot safer to use one already thrashed out than make all the same mistakes and be banned and possibly face retaliation.
Comment: that's a strange question.. why write any software at all? There are all kinds of open source programs from games to data backup, surely nobody should ever create anything in the same genre ever again.
Comment: @user81993 I did not say all that for Christ sake! I did say that writing a spider comes with a lot of pitfalls that can be easily avoided by using one of many existing open source bots. Why recreate the wheel?? Especially when it is not necessary.


wfi to access point

Question: I have samsung s3 unrooted running on jb v4.3.i want it to be used as such that i can access my wifi and my family also does it.hotspot does not solve my problem as it disables wifi and enables mobile network.i want to use wifi too.is there a way to solve this by app or something. thankyou in advance.
Comment: Clear me out: Why cannot your family members connect to the original Wi-Fi? Why do you have to be a medium?
Answer: No. WiFi hotspot uses the WiFi radio, and so cannot be used for both tethering and WiFi reception at the same time. You would need 2 WiFi radios for that on your device, which I don't think any device has. You will be better off buying a router.

wfi to access point


Icy/Frosty Feet....

Question: I'm recording foley this week, and a lot of the scenes are on ice.... has anyone recorded icy/frosty footsteps before, and has any recommendations on how to get the right sound? Would you recommend using actual ice? I've been asked to get them to sound 'frosty', not snowy....
Answer: For 30 Days of Night we tended to have three layers for each foostep

foley performed on rock salt (for sync performance & charterful feel)
foley performed on rock salt that had been wet & let dry so it had a crust (ditto)
actual field recordings of footsteps & movement on ice & various depths of snow

The foley editor first cut the two foley layers for sync, then added material from the field recordings...
Comment: Cool; thanks for this Tim - liking the idea of the crusty rock salt.
Answer: For creating footsteps, I heard that sand in a little nylon back works quite well? Or rock salt, that too. Never actually done it myself though. Frank Bry from http://www.therecordist.com/ has done a lot of snow/ice recording, hopefully he'll chime in here.
Comment: Hey Joe, thanks for the answer! Rock salt/cornflower/custard powder is all good for snow, but i'm thinking more of the ice, which wont have that crunch! its a tricky one....
Answer: Umm, how about getting some shaved ice from your local ice company???
Answer: Don't know where you are, but the last time I needed that, I bundled up and braved sub zero (about -25 C or -13 F) temps to actually record them... Could be tricky if you're in warmer climes... It's true that REALLY cold snow/ice has a very different sound from the warmer stuff. Maybe you have a local skating rink you could use for a couple of hours? Should have lots of snow there too from the Zamboni.
Answer: Never forget the classic Foley artist trick of using cornstarch...not the end-all-be-all, but a great layer or starting point, depending on the apparent snow quality in the picture.

Icy/Frosty Feet....


add 'file upload' field to user details

Question: In the backend when a user goes to their detail page they can edit a few text fields. I want to add a custom field that allows the user to upload a file. I found something similar but its only to add extra text fields.
add extra user fields
Answer: You can use Cimy User Extra Fields which will allow you to add as many fields as you'd like and currently supports:

text
textarea
textarea-rich
password
checkbox
radio
drop-down
picture
picture-url
registration-date
avatar
file

add 'file upload' field to user details


javafx, alpha channel not working on window title

Question: I have a little image with alpha channel that, when rendered on the window title bar, presents a sort of "frame" effect.

It is not a problem of the image, because using swing i get it rendered correctly:

The code for the first case is:
<code>    BorderPane bp = new BorderPane();
    primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(bp));
    Image image = new Image(getClass().getResourceAsStream("icon.png"));
    primaryStage.getIcons().add(image);
</code>
The working example has been generated with good old swing:
<code>    ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("icon.png"));
    setIconImage(ii.getImage());
</code>
My idea is that i missed some advanced javafx Image setting, but i've no clue on what is this missing setting.
Follows the png image:

OS:win 7, JavaFX 2.1
Comment: Looks like a rendering glitch to me.  I think you should file an issue at http://javafx-jira.kenai.com to get the JavaFX developers to investigate it.
Answer: Unfortunately you've met a bug. I've filed it as http://javafx-jira.kenai.com/browse/RT-23859
Feel free to add your comments or votes to that bug.


Can you catch monsters in Starbound? if so, how?

Question: I've heard about how you can catch monsters but I haven't found out how .-. Can anyone help?
Answer: Monsters can be captured by crafting a Creature Capture Station at tier 4, then using that to craft Capture Pods. These pods can be thrown at small, grounded creatures with less than 50% health to have a small change to capture them.
Comment: As of stable 1.0 you should get two of these to play around early in the game. Plus sometimes NPCs will sometimes give you a quest to help them catch a monster, and give you a pod for free (which you can then either use to catch the creature and exchange it for the NPC's current pet, or just abandon the quest and run off with it)
Answer: This feature is not yet implemented at this stage of the beta.

6: Are Novakids in yet? Monster capture? Pets? Fossils?
Not yet! The beta is not feature-complete, but people sure seem to be having fun anyway. :)

EDIT: Patch Annoyed Koala 9/12/2013. Creature taming seems to still not be possible but patch notes show it is definitely on the way.

Added early implementation of creature taming (more features coming soon)
Answer: You can catch baby monsters, no nova kids or fossils, but I also don't know how to catch, or find them. My guess is simply to interact with E or the middle mouse button
Comment: It's probably a good idea to go on more than a guess.
Comment: Ok, I did more research, it's not the e button, you have to make a pokeball station and craft pokeballs, and then beat up babies and throw the ball at them.


Old light fixture box

Question: I live in an older house (California) and the overhead light fixture boxes seem small.  They unreceptive to the fixtures my wife has purchased from Ikea in that they have two holes for accepting screws and no amount of cajoling the Ikea fixture will cause its holes to line up.  I've picked up an adapter plate from a hardware store but none of its holes line up with the fixture's holes either.  Am I doing it wrong?
Comment: can you post some pictures?
Comment: Not receptacle- box. I was confused by that at first...
Answer: Usually you will have some sort of strap (as shown in the pictures below) which will go over the receptacle box and then the overhead light will attach to that.
Comment: I will go look for a strap on the old fixture
Answer: If it's not a standard junction box, you could always replace it with a new one. A standard octagonal junction box should do the trick:
alt text http://www.globalindustrial.com/site/images/n-picgroup/HES_161.jpg
If the old box wasn't located near a ceiling joist, I'd recommend something like the Westinghouse Saf-T-Brace. You don't even need to go into the attic to install it. (You do need to know which way your ceiling joists run though.)
alt text http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQvzxtDFu8u1vudVPy-Lpz_iIjwiYbimKHssJhURy1S6HpkLbE&t=1&usg=___6LUtQ_6hnGmQtFtmFC_x4l3-AA=
Comment: Thank you for the product suggestion.  If I can't find a strap which is compatible with my box & my fixture then I'll definitely look at the saf-t-brace.

Old light fixture box


A Voronoi Iteration Game

Question: Let $P_i$ be a set of points in the plane and $P_{i+1}$ the corners of the Voronoi diagram of $P_i$. Start with some $P_1$ and iterate away. What happens? Can you choose a $P_1$ so the iteration goes into a stable loop? (If you play the game on a torus, $P_1=${some point} works, on a sphere $P_1=${a tetrahedron} works either.) It's relatively easy to see that if $P_i$ has exactly two inner points, $card[P_{i+1}]=card[P_i]$, but this is neither necessary nor sufficient - nothing tells you how many inner points $P_{i+1}$ has.
Comment: @flawr The Voronoi diagram of the seven points $\{(0, 0), (4, 0), (0, 4), (4, 4), (2, 2), (3, 2), (1, 2)\}$ has eight vertices.
Comment: I think whenever you have a lattice you will have lattice, you get such a loop. But can you find a finite set where $|P_{i+1}| \geq |P_i|$?
Comment: Related question (not fully answered): "[Does this iterated Delaunay triangulation process always "explode"?](https://mathoverflow.net/q/283093/6094)"
Comment: Surplus conjecture: Let P be set of all six point sets that are symmetric to the origin and have two interior points. It looks like vor(p) is in P whenever p is, but I yet have no idea about what happens to the distances in the long run.
Answer: Not answering your questions, but here are five iterations starting with $10$ random points:

In the first frame, the $10$ points are clustered in the large central dot.

Subsequent frames alternate Voronoi sites (orange) and Voronoi vertices (blue).

And here is the last frame enlarged:

Enlarged view of 5th frame in sequence above.

In the next, 6th frame, the blue points would become the orange Voronoi sites.

It appears to me, from limited empirical exploration, that,
for random points uniformly distributed in a square, the number of points
$|P_{i+1}|$ is very roughly $1.8 |P_{i}|$ with each iteration.
So growing from $10$ points to ${\sim}100$ points after $4$ iterations.
Answer: In a Euclidean space, the set $P_{i+1}$ is contained in the interior of the convex hull of $P_i$. Thus the convex hull of $P_{i+1}$ is a proper subset of the convex hull of $P_i$, and there can be no cycle.
EDIT: no, sorry, this is false. If $P_i$ are the vertices of an obtuse-angled triangle, then the (only) Voronoi vertex is the circumcenter which lies outside of the triangle. Still, I hope that there is some kind of "monotonicity" that prevents a cycle...
Comment: Actually, neither inclusion holds in general. Take the vertices of a triangle as the starting set. There is only one Voronoi vertex: the circumcenter. Now it depend on whether the triangle is acute-angled or not... I have edited my answer.
Comment: Did you reverse the inclusions? The Voronoi vertices extend beyond the hull of the sites. (Your point remains.)

A Voronoi Iteration Game


How do I separate crackers stuck to parchment paper?

Question: I just made sunflower seed cheddar crackers. The dough is spread all over a layer of parchment on a cookie sheet . I baked for the required time but the parchment is stuck to the bottom of the crackers. They are not fully cooled, will that make a difference?
Comment: Melted cheese will frequently stick to parchment paper that is treated with quilon (the most common coating). Many restaurants and bakeries will use more expensive silicone coated parchment, or mats like silpat, when melting cheese.
Answer: If you mean that the parchment is stuck to the bottom of the crackers, try putting the whole thing in the freezer for a while.
Answer: You might try brushing water over the back of the parchment paper, letting it sit for a while, and seeing if it will peel off better when damp.
Sometimes that will help release the sticking (although sometimes it won't), and other times it might soften the surface of your crackers enough to lose just the outermost layer to the process of getting the paper off.  You might want to re-toast your crackers after, since the moisture won't help their storage.
If your crackers aren't cool when you're checking the sticking, it is better to let them finish cooling, sometimes that helps.  I would suggest flipping the paper over and letting cool paper side up, to prevent moisture from accumulating where the cracker sits on the paper - the moisture itself may help, but letting moisten and dry out again may make the sticking worse.
In the future, you might want a thin layer of oil, or flour, to prevent the dough sticking to the paper while it bakes.


Not getting reply to questions as earlier

Question: I'm in a doubt as  I'm not getting replies to  my questions.
I would request the moderators to cross check that everything
is fine at your end & there is no issue like blockage of sorts on my
questions.
Comment: What questions? The last question you asked that I can see was asked today and has already received an answer. Does that put your mind at ease?
Comment: Retagging this as [support] not [bug] because there is no evidence in the question that you are seeing incorrect software behavior.
Answer: There is no shadowban-like state in which you can post questions but they aren't displayed to other users. It is possible to be blocked from posting questions entirely, but you would get an error message when you tried. If you're able to post questions, other users can see them


Loading modified contracts keeping the same super class

Question: I am trying to implement upgrade of contracts. One pattern by [1] is to have a layer to resolve the actual address of a contract.
I implemented that adding the Pausable manipulation. My idea was to pause the old contract before replace them.
The old and the new implementation are Pausable contracts (Open Zeppelin). I imagined that it was possible to load the existing contract using their superclass (Pausable).
However, this code does not work when trying to change the contract by the second time.
In the first time, the code is ok because Resolver was compiled with the original contract and knows that it is Pausable.
In the second time, it seems that Resolver cannot understand the load as a kind of Pausable. Do you know how the EVM works? Any idea to solve that?
contract Resolver {
<code>mapping (string => address) nameToAddress;
mapping (string => address[]) nameToPreviousAddresses;

function changeContract(string memory name, address newAddr) public onlyOwner returns (bool) {

    address contractAddr = nameToAddress[name];
    if(newAddr != contractAddr) {

        if (contractAddr != address(0)) {
            Pausable pausable = Pausable(contractAddr);
            pausable.pause();
        }

        nameToPreviousAddresses[name].push(newAddr);
        nameToAddress[name] = newAddr;
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

function getAddr(string memory name) public view returns (address) {
    return nameToAddress[name];
}
</code>
}
[1] https://consensys.github.io/smart-contract-best-practices/software_engineering/#upgrading-broken-contracts
Comment: What exactly do you mean with "Resolver cannot understand the load as a kind of Pausable"? ie It calls pause() but it reverts / It doesn't call pause() / It calls it but it does nothing. I'd check if contractAddr is not null and point to the right contract.
Comment: It reverts. I realised later that the point was that resolver was not the owner of the second object. Then, it reverts when calling pause. Thank you!
Comment: If you resolved your issue please add your solution as an answer so the question can be marked as resolved. Thank you!
Answer: I later realized that the resolver was not the owner of the second Pausable. That was the reason of my error.
In other words, the EVM solves the call dinamically. If I can change the object, the EVM will call the function of the changed class without error.


"wallet corrupt salvage failed" Error. Help with pywallet

Question: I have an old wallet from 2013 with some BTC in it possibly. I have guesses for what the passphrase could be but not 100% sure on it. Everything I find online is to use pywallet but I unfortunately am a total scrub when it comes to python scripts. So really I am confused exactly what I need to do to obtain the btc out of this wallet. Do I need to extract the private keys from my corrupted wallet and import them into a new wallet? or can I simply merge the corrupted wallet with a new one and the merged wallet will read right? I know pywallet can do all these functions but have no idea myself on how to go about it. Thanks for any help.
Answer: Install Bitcoin Core and they can do all this work to import your old wallet.
Bitcoin Core's -salvagewallet try to recover a broken wallet database (wallet.dat file).
Comment: thanks for the tip, gonna try this
Answer: I wrote a guide to corrupt Bitcoin Wallet recovery.  Yes, you should use pywallet. It can dump the private keys from your wallet to a file even if Bitcoin Core fails to salvage it.  You can then import them into a new wallet.
Dump the wallet with pywallet to extract the private keys:
<code>python pywallet.py –dumpwallet > wallet.text --passphrase= PASSPHRASE
</code>
Now find the address containing your Bitcoins and sweep the private key.


How to set calendar availability on a per-day basis in Outlook 2007?

Question: In Outlook 2007, you can go to "Tools" > "Options" > "Calendar Options" button and set your start and end times for the day.
Is there anyway for me to further limit my calendar, so I can set my availability on a per-day basis?
E.G. (my calendar would be available for others to invite me to meetings at these times)

Mon - 9am - 5pm
Tues - 7am - 3pm
Wed - 7am - 3pm
Thurs - 9am - 5pm
Fri - 9am - 5pm

I'd like to setup my availability ahead of time, for each of the week, that would be the same going forward.
I realize that I could create an appointment for myself that blocks out those times, but that seems pretty lame. And it fills the 'To-Do Bar' with all the recurrences.
I'm open to suggestions for built-in functionality, or some free utilities/plugins if they exist.
Answer: Yeah, the only way I know of is to use a category of recurring appointments and just create a custom view that hides them. . .


Formatting a dream inside a flashback

Question: I'm writing a first-person POV in which my MC has flashbacks/memories of previous lives.  As these happen several times throughout the novel, I use italics for these scenes to help the reader understand it's not current time.  At one point, in a previous life, she has a dream.  Is there any rule, or tips for formatting this so people can understand it's not reality or present day?
Answer: First of all, there are no rules ;)

As for tips, there can be formatting methods to indicate this (say, use a deeper indent), but I would personally focus on textual/narrative methods instead.
Ideally, I believe, special formatting should not be used at all. I wouldn't even use italics. This is especially the case if these flashbacks can (and they should) be structurally separate. That is to say, if they are the natural beginnings of chapters, you don't need to use italics. If they can't be separate chapters, you could at least  separate them with sectional separators (three dots for instance). With a bit of context, a reader can very quickly realize it's a flashback.
Trust your readers. Readers always "get it".
Especially if these flashbacks occur often, overdoing it with italics (or other special formatting) can be tiring.
Comment: Interesting, I didn't think italics could be overdone.  But guess it could tire the eyes.  I do use section separators as well and try to make it clear in the narrative that it's not the present time.
Comment: -1 The rest of the answer is good, but I'd say **"Readers always get it"** is demonstrably *not* true, otherwise none of us would have ever read a book that confused us about what the hell was going on.  And it has less to do with trusting the reader than fulfilling your responsibilities, as an author, to the readers, and building their experience.
Comment: @jdsandara - *Anything* can be overdone. :)  And DD is absolutely correct that any kind of "tricks" with the text are best used sparingly.

Formatting a dream inside a flashback


Awarding "part points"

Question: I've put up a bounty on a question, which got one response (not addressing the question). I'm reluctant to award the full points because it doesn't really answer the question. However I would like to award "something" for bothering to answer at all. Is there a way I can manually award some of the points without agreeing that this is an OK answer?
Comment: What's the question?
Comment: Added link to question.
Answer: It will automatically get half of the bounty if it has received 2 upvotes and is the highest rated answer, without any action on your part. See the FAQ: https://gis.stackexchange.com/faq#bounty
If it's not a good answer then it probably shouldn't receive a bounty just for posting. Community voting will generally decide whether it's a good answer or not.
Comment: It got one upvote and one downvote.
Comment: If the downvote is your own you might be able to change it back to an upvote to get to the 2 upvote mark. Then again [you might not](http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6250/vote-too-old-to-be-changed-unless-post-is-edited), unless the answer is edited. Otherwise I think it would be up to the community to upvote it.
Comment: Thanks. I wouldn't want to upvote it just for points awards, because I'm trying to encourage / thank the poster, without making this a "good answer". I do see the contradiction here though.

Awarding "part points"


Creating new layers using ArcPy to define Definition Query for each field value?

Question: I am trying to set multiple definition queries for one layer based on one field using python.  ie.  I have a City layer with a field that holds the city name.  I want a copy of the layer in an MXD with the Definition query set for each value in the City field.  So essentially, I have one source layer, with a copy of the layer as many times as there are values in the City field.  The query would look like this: CITY = 'Atlanta'
Answer: This can be achieved with use of a SearchCursor. Let's assume mxd is your map document object, df is your data frame object, and fc is your feature class. Also, CITY is the name of your field. Try something like this:
from arcpy import *

field = "CITY"

env.overwriteOutput = True

#Create cursor to iterate rows
cursor = da.SearchCursor (fc, field)
for row in cursor:
    #sql statement for a single feature
    sql = '"{0}" = \'{1}\''.format (field, row[0])
    #Make layer with sql for one feature only. Name layer City name
    MakeFeatureLayer_management (fc, row[0], sql)
    #Make mapping layer object
    lyr = mapping.Layer(row[0])
    #Add mapping layer object to map
    mapping.AddLayer (df, lyr)
del cursor
mxd.save ()

Comment: A related answer here: [https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/372213/create-dynamic-layer-for-each-unique-value-make-feature-layer-parameters-are-n](https://gis.stackexchange.com/a/372467/135445).
Answer: The Help page on  Layer (arcpy.mapping) has sample code at the end which shows a simple loop that you can easily adapt to change the layer property definitionQuery.
Comment: I can set the definition query using Python and the layers in the data frame. But, I want it to copy and paste the feature class in the TOC and apply a definition query for every City in the feature class.


When tuning an orchestra, why do some people play A followed by D and F together?

Question: I've heard string players tune from a piano by playing A4, followed by D4 and F4 together. They said it makes it easier to tune. I've never gotten a good answer why this is. Is it just a strange tradition, or does something about a D minor chord on the piano make it easier to tune the violin family?
Comment: String players can have rather idiosyncratic habits. I know a violinist who insists that I play H3-D4-F4 and *no* A, and she will then play her own A and adjust it accordingly.
Comment: I have always hated this; there have any been a few occasions when I've asked the pianist to stop and just give the A or, if they must, the A and D. I'm sure some players like it, but I know I'm not alone in wishing it wasn't the standard.
Answer: You're definitely hearing a D4 along with this A, but are you sure about the F4? I wonder if you're actually hearing a G3.
The reason is because of how string instruments are tuned. Violins, for instance, are tuned in 5ths, so when they tune to an A4, they tune the D4 along with the A4 to create a perfect fifth. Then they tune a G3 along with the D4 to create another perfect fifth.
Comment: Yes, definitely a D minor chord as described. This is usually before the string players move on to tuning their G, E and C strings.
Comment: Yeah, the phenomenon @JohnPlatter is talking about is very common, and it's always (or almost always) a d minor chord.
Answer: I have heard accompanists use a D minor chord when a violinist (or violist or cellist for that matter) is tuning many times.  One accompanist I had even followed up the D minor with a D major chord!
The rationale my cello teacher gave me was that playing a triad puts the string pitches into 'context', and that a D minor chord 'sounds purer' than D major.  I'm not sure about the latter point but putting notes into the context of a triad makes sense.
With a violin it is common to tune the middle two strings first (A and D), to avoid messing up the other strings' tunings because of the variations in tension when turning the pegs, hence the use of a D triad initially.  Cellists also go for A and D first (top two strings) because the variation of tension when tuning is not so pronounced.
Comment: I've heard the "purer" thing too... haha. Thanks for the info about string order being related to tension variation, that makes a lot of sense!
Answer: I've heard this done plenty of times, but never really thought about why before now.
It makes some sense to play the A and the D, because the piano will be (nominally) tuned to equal temperament and the piano's fifth will not be exactly pure.
Since pianos use with "stretched" tuning (the octaves are slightly bigger than a true octave), and the amount of stretching should be judged by ear depending on the design of the piano and the condition of the strings, the only way to tune the same sized fifth accurately is to hear both piano notes and copy what the piano tuner did.
Unless playing the F is just a tradition and the reason has been forgotten over the centuries, I would speculate that the F is simply to make the piano easier to hear. The tone of a string instrument has more high-pitched harmonics than a piano, and the piano sound starts to die away as soon as the notes are played, but the string tone does not.
FWIW tuning a string instrument to a pipe organ, where the pipes that have the most stable pitches have very few harmonics, is surprisingly difficult - hence the speculation about "hearing the piano" in the previous paragraph.
Equal tempered major and minor thirds are both a long way "out of tune" compared with "pure" major and minor thirds. A major third is sharp by about 1/7 of a semitone, and a minor third is flat by the approximately same amount. That doesn't suggest any good reason for playing a minor chord compared with a major one. Maybe string players just find it easier to play three white keys!
Comment: It does definitely improve the hear-ability of the piano to have the F in there. But as you mentioned in your final paragraph, the ugly beating from the equal tempered m3 and M3 would be a distraction from nailing the note down, one would think?
Comment: Actually, because pianos have very rich harmonics but a fast decay of dynamics, they can "get away" with equal temperament much more easily than, say, a pipe organ.  But that still doesn't answer the question.  Maybe, as alephzero suggests, it's a combination of tradition and just making the chord louder.  I've often wondered about this too.
Answer: Pure speculation here, but these are the reasons that stick out for me:
When using real instruments, a chord is often easier to tune to than a unison tone, I guess the reason is a combination of us being used to playing in tune with chordal accompaniment, and that it compensates a bit for any irregularities in the harmonic spectrum of real world resonators, and gives our ear more information to pick out an exact "centre" from.  That, and it's louder of course.
Why a D chord? It gives a strong tonic centre to pick out a d and an a from, for the fiddles that leaves the G and the E to tune in fifths from the a and d.  For the bass, the same but in fourths.  (incidentally, for a guitar too with a B in fifths from your E).  For the violas and cellos, a bit more of a stretch, the G from the D and the C from that G, but still nice and easy.
Why a D minor?  Better than an open fifth for the reasons a fifth is better than unison.  And why is D minor better than D major?  No semitone clashes or tritones.  The aforementioned  G, E, C and Bs all happily mind their own business in major seconds and perfect fourths from a D minor's chord tones, (or fifths and major sixths) making it easy those notes to to your own strings using 5ths/4ths while a D minor is still being played.  An F# would be a bit of a cat among the pigeons.
Why not G major?  Convention I guess.  Would be worse for guitarists, but i strongly doubt that's a consideration.  5 string basses too but likewise.
Why not A minor?  Tuning to the third of a chord is never good, you're always tempted to go towards a more just interval.  Playing an A minor might mess up the Cs of the violas.  And you know what they say about viola players...  They're valuable additions to orchestras and you wouldn't want the C string out of tune.
Answer: Cellos, Violas, and some Basses have C-strings. The F in the D-minor chord gives them a fifth (or an octave and a fifth) to tune to.
An F# would be useless basically to every player in the orchestra.


lot of relay log formation in mysql5.6

Question: Reason for lot of small relay log file formation.
I Have setup a slave and it relay log rotates to soon and creates thousands of relay log file.whats the reason for more relay log formation.
Answer: Two possible reasons seem to stick out,  ensure your server_id is different on both the master and the slave.  This is to be defined at startup in the cnf file.
Another option is you specified a very tiny max_binlog_size or max_relay_log_size, ensure the values are what you want and not off by an order of magnitude (eg. 512k instead of 512M)
Answer: Here is one for the ages
I wrote an answer to a post on Jan 02, 2015 entitled mysql replication master 5.5 slave 5.1 error on create database. In that post, I learned from my boss about this strange situation when I was replicating from a MySQL 5.5 Master to a MySQL 5.6 Slave.
In short, I learned from some additional research that binary log events can change size and shape between major releases of MySQL.
This situation caused the following on the Slave:

mysqld crashed
mysqld_safe looped back and restarted mysqld
<code>--skip-slave-start</code> was not configured
mysqld crashed and restarted indefinitely
relay logs piled up to the heavens
I had to kill mysqld_safe to stop this craziness.

The solution for this scenario was to upgrade the Master to 5.6.
I also have a 3.5 year old post (Tons and tons of relay logs on a master) covering other situations.

lot of relay log formation in mysql5.6


How can to edit the text in a JPEG image in Photoshop?

Question: I have JPEG banner without the PSD file, and i want to edit some text and images in it. I have no idea how to do this, any suggestions?
Comment: Hi there and welcome to GD. Please provide more information, preferably screenshots. This will be more efficient for us all.
Comment: I have this same question. I know that there is *some* software that makes it possible instantly, as shown here: https://tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com/2015/07/google_translate_hindi-2.gif?w=600 (from https://techcrunch.com/2015/07/29/google-translates-app-now-instantly-translates-printed-text-in-27-languages/)
Answer: The only way to edit any text within a JPG is to paint over it and retype whatever text you wish to replace it.
There is no way to alter text as text within a JPG file.
Answer: To help you think on the right terms, consider an analogy: A text document on a computer versus a sheet of printed paper. When I have a text file open on my computer, I can make whatever change I want. However, once I print, the text on that paper is unchangeable.
A JPEG image is made of rows of pixels. Apart from some metadata that can give us some information about who created the image and how it was created, all you get are pixels. So, the image itself can't tell whether a pixel is creating a line, a photo, or text; it's just displaying pixels in a grid.
A PSD, however, contains data about the individual objects that make up an image. That's why you're able to open a PSD and edit things.
If you want to edit a JPEG, it is possible, but doing so is as cumbersome as making edits to printed sheet of paper. If I wanted to edit a printed document, I would either have to retype or scan it in and use OCR to get editable text before I could edit that text.
As Scott says, you have to paint over the old text and replace it with new text. However, before you do that, I find it useful to recreate the existing text in Photoshop. So, if you have a single line of text, remake that line, figuring out the font face, size, weight, kerning, and color so that you can put it over top of the old text and match it exactly. Then, delete your old text. Finally, retype the text.


How did I get a Test net

Question: I was downloading bitcoin for the first time and during the last 3 minutes while doing some other work on my computer, something about an interruption flashed and then it looked as if nothing had ever happened and it was not downloading. I went to the file I had saved it in and there was a Bitcoin Core [test net] so I clicked on it and it is now synching. Is this normal? Any advice? I was told to start the download again?
Answer: Bitcoin Core's installer will also setup a shortcut for testnet. Testnet is a different blockchain and network specifically for testing. This is normal and expected behavior, but there is no reason for you to be using testnet. You should stop Bitcoin Core and just use the normal launcher.

How did I get a Test net


Bad thoughts in mind about Allah and parents

Question: This  Ramadan I am reading namaz and taraweeh . But recently I got bad words about my parents in my mind . Then the very next I got bad words about Allah... I am crying every day.. I just made a cut on my finger to make me away from the thoughts . And I am not giving up namaz and I cry and repent every second in namaz for using such bad things in my mind for Allah and my parents .. but I really don't know whether I really used such words but the thoughts hunt me every second .. I want myself to be dead .. I don't know what to do ?? Please help mee...
Answer: First of all, do not harm yourself or think about killing yourself, Allah is the one who gives life and takes life. You felt bad the moment you 'thought' about it and you repented and even if you said it at loud,if you sincerely repent to Allah, Allah will still forgive you.
Allah is The Most Merciful, The Entirely Merciful and it's the month of Ramadan, Allah is even more Merciful, there is no limit. Allah will forgive you if you mean it, Allah knows what is in our heart, may Allah make us from those that will repent even if it wasn't said out loud and to protect ourselves from self-harm.
Ask Allah to forgive you and to protect you and your family from all those bad thoughts or actions that satan gives you. And lastly, never lose hope in Allah, by hurting yourself you're listening to satan and what satan wants from us is nothing good.
I will say it again, Have hope in Allah, Allah is the greatest and wishes nothing but good for all of humanity. I recommend you to watch some inspirational videos on youtube for example a channel called FreeQuranEducation, that will give you even more hope. And if you would like do tesbih before sleeping to give you even more energy for the next day and also pleases Allah.
And thank Allah for giving you the ability to have the feeling of guilt and acknowledging that you did something bad (whereas you did not say it out loud Alhamdulillah) and to protect your tongue and mind from ever uttering or saying such bad words.
I will say it again so remember this; Allah knows what is in your and our heart, Allah will forgive you, because Allah is The Most Merciful have hope in Allah even if something bad happens thank Allah because this is all a test for us to go to Jannah. The words you had in your mind if they were said out loud and you still sincerely repented Allah would have still forgiven you. O Changer of the hearts, make our heart firm upon Your religion.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6izGDKkfF_Y be sure to watch this.
I ask Allah to help you get out of this emotionally unstable state and not to be depressed. A way that can help is to see what Allah has given us and blessed us with, so much that we don't deserve but He is The Most Merciful, do you see how Glorious Allah is? Have hope in Allah. Allah knows if your believe and reliance upon Him was great before this but after this..It will be even greater, Look at all of the names of Allah and make your believe in Allah more and more greater.
May Allah grant us all Jannah Al-Firdaous, amin.
Comment: Thank you so much
Answer: Just think iglas I had bad thoughts about allah to. The reason is that you think outside iglas and it's make you crazy. We are human and we like to think to much about things if you have iglas in your mind don't think further it comes oke.
Surah iglas
Qoel hoewa Allaahoe ahad
Allahoe s-samad
Lem yalid wa lem yoeled
Wa lem yakoe l-lahoe koefoewen ahad
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Say: He is Allah, the One and Only;
Allah, the Eternal, Absolute;
He begetteth not, nor is He begotten;
And there is none like unto Him.
Answer: Do you have bad thoughts about God and your parents?
The onset of guilty feelings about having the affair, in the first place, further zaps whatever energy the partner having the affair might still have left. The truth is that the devil is very artistic.
1- Often confused thoughts are from the games of the devil and the temptations of the soul, the purpose of which is to entertain man and prevent him from paying attention to the worship of God and doing good deeds, and man should be indifferent to this kind of thought and its onslaught. And by filling the space of the heart and chest with the remembrance of God and mentioning Him and thinking about the wonders of His creation, He will not leave any empty space for the devil in his heart.
2- Whenever disturbing thoughts come to you, do something else and avoid disturbing thoughts by creating distractions.
3- In the middle of your thoughts, say to yourself: "Enough is enough" and with this, you will cut off the annoying thoughts and you will move on to something else.
4- Azkar (La ilaha illa Allah) and (Lahool wa Laqwa al-Ballah) and reciting Surah An-Nas are a good help to overcome these thoughts.
Ref: https://www.porseman.com/article/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA/152981


What does 'Swap Chassis' mean?

Question: I often hear from our remote system administrators that they will 'swap the chassis' on our Linux boxes. But I'm not familiar with this phrase. Anyone has a clue on what it means? We have a Raid array on those boxes.
Answer: This means they are changing everything but the hard drives. This usually happens if there is an issue they can't explain with a software cause, and it is faster to just change the motherboard/RAM than troubleshoot the issue.
Comment: Hmm, is that possible without any downtime involved? They seem to be able to do that without turning off our databases.
Comment: If you have hot-hot redundancy going on your databases (at least two machines), then there wouldn't be downtime. But if they are changing the motherboard and there isn't a failover available, there will be downtime.
Answer: well, I presume this means the entire server will be replaced, with only the HDDs left maybe. Basically the server chassis is the box, with no parts inside, but as I said, the expression should mean replacing a full chassis, not just the dumb box
Answer: I'd imagine they mean they'll move the data onto a similar set of hardware, presumably due to there being a hardware issue with the current system.

What does 'Swap Chassis' mean?


How to check TDS license expiration date?

Question: How can I check the Sitecore TDS license expiration date?
Answer: You can gather the Sitecore TDS License expiration date for an active installation, looking at the ExpireDate subkey of the Computer\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\HedgehogDevelopment\Sitecore Visual Studio Integration 2.0\ActivatedLicense15 key in the registry of the machine where TDS is installed.

Note that this is the registry key for TDS 188.8.131.52. I don't know if the registry key path is the same for other versions.
Answer: As far as I know, there is no easy way to find it.
The only 2 ways I know are:

if you have an invoice for the license, there is information about the period when the license is valid
if you requested new license via email, you should have the information about the period when it's valid in the response from the sales.


Common Pitfalls of filing NPA submission at USPTO

Question: I am planning to file a non provisional application that is due this month 18-April.  I intend to try e-file the NPA on Friday the 12th so as to have some time incase something does not go favorably.  I am researching the pitfalls of filing and would seek any lesson-learned or a good pitfalls checklist I could review to better prepared filer.  Thanks in advance.
Comment: Extremely broad question. Are you concerned about the mechanics and administrative issues or the substance of the application? A trivial, short, answer is hire a professional.
Comment: Good point.  This question is posed from the standpoint of mechanics and administrative facets of submitting the application: not the substance (content of the application).
Answer: Some last minute things you might check are that -
you are filing a specification, claims and drawings. The first sentence of the application needs to correctly claim priority to previous applications and incorporate them by reference if that is desirable (that is not fixable after filing without refiling). Every item in a drawing that has a reference number in the drawing should have that reference number in the text of the specification. Make sure you do not duplicate reference numbers for different items. If you do not have a customer number yet, I recommend getting one so you can track your application on line.


Usage of Google's Material Design Paper examples?

Question: I do not clearly understand what Paper (https://www.google.com/design/spec/layout/principles.html) in Google Material Design is. What is the difference between Paper and Card? Actually, I understand what Card is, and where and how to use it. But Paper has almost the same characteristics. I can create Paper's seams using Cards. What for is Paper introduced? Could you give same examples of Paper usage and when to use one over the other?
Answer: Basically, Material Design is a metaphor inspired by paper and ink (real paper). Thats why they talk about paper as the fundamental, not a specific part as cards does.

Google took paper to heart as a fundamental influence of the design. Google Design Lead for Andriod Matias Duarte explained to Fast Company that Material Design is looking to improve pixels form just having color and instead leverage your screen to change shape and depth of the pixels in response to a touch. In order to bring the most realistic experience into the digital world, they studied actual paper. The designers made paper icons with various layers to see how shadows were actually cast. Although real paper cannot morph and manipulate like the cardstock within Material Design's UI, it helped to study it anyhow. After all, Material Design is making headway within the design community. More importantly, it will be a big part of design for Google as they roll it out. Even if Material Design wasn't making headway, it's still crucial to test your design, as it will impact users.

http://www.joomlavision.com/point-material-design/

Usage of Google’s Material Design Paper examples?


Why did they store guns in school?

Question: In Dead Poets Society (1989), in the school, why are they storing these guns in a showcase?
Comment: When guns are on display like this, they are usually rendered unable  to discharge a bullet. They are safe to all concerned. But as a cinematic tool, they can be sending the subtle foreshadowing that a firearm will be used in the near future.
Answer: The school in question is a fictional Private school.  As such, the restrictions and laws governing Public schools are not the same.
Also, consider that Dead poets Society also came out a full decade before the Columbine High School incident, which really is a benchmark in that while school killings weren't unheard of, they hadn't been as widely publicized and brutally conducted.
Back to the school...  In private schools such as the one depicted, it's not uncommon for a teacher to display a bit of themselves.  Their passions.  Their hobbies.  It's pretty clear that the teacher in question was a gun enthusiast and possessed several guns which were displayed, from current smaller firearms to larger Revolutionary War-era muskets.  You can see that each of them is tagged, though it's impossible to read the tags.  I'm sure other teachers' offices might have displayed an arthropod collection or something else that gives you a little insight into who the teacher is and what that teacher's passion is.
Today, they may have been more sympathetic to school violence and changed what was in this office, but at the time the movie came out I'm sure it was perfectly acceptable.
So, to wrap it up, these guns are not being "stored" in showcases, they're being "displayed" in showcases.
Comment: The movie is also set in 1959.
Comment: @Thunderforge: Whether a remake would or would not remove a scene is not relevant to whether a movie depicting a different time includes elements that are relevant to the depicted timeframe even if they are no longer applicable today. Whether these elements are or aren't included is at the filmmaker's discretion and examples of both exist.
Comment: @BCdotWEB While it's true that the movie was set in 1959, the filmmakers of the time would have expected the 1990 audience to take their presence for granted while modern filmmakers would likely rewrite the scene so that their presence doesn't create an audience reaction that distracts from the rest of the scene. It's like the drunk driving scene in the 1959 *North by Northwest*; contemporary audiences were expected to find it hilarious, modern audiences are often horrified. If a remake happened, it would likely have the scene removed or rewritten.

Why did they store guns in school?


Docusign Salesforce integration with webhook listener

Question: We are using Docusign REST integration in our managed package, but right now it is not real time. we send the sign envelope request to Docusign and then do the continous polling for response of the docusign signing process. Now Docusign have a limitation here with polling it won't allow you poll very frequent you can only poll once in a 15 minutes time period.

You are not allowed to poll DocuSign more than once every 15 minutes.
  To ensure that your app has an accurate view of your envelopes'
  statuses, we suggest that you poll every 17-20 minutes.

see reference here: https://developers.docusign.com/esign-rest-api/code-examples/polling-for-envelope-status
Now we wanted to make it real time where user sees the response immediately and get the signed document back into salesforce, as an alternative which is also recommended by Docusign is expose the web-hooks listner in your app side, those web-hooks listeners will be called by Docusign Event system which send the response back to your listener as soon as there is any event happened. when we submit the envelope request we can mention our webhook listener url which will be called by Docusign for that particular envelope response and statues.
In order to expose a webhook listner, Docusign recommend it should be available in public internet without authentication, where docusign can post the statues. Now a days that API also support a basic authentication like username password, but again in that case also they will only do the API call once only.
See below link for auth based webhook listener service.
https://www.docusign.com/blog/dsdev-securing-connect-webhook-listener/
Now in Salesforce how can we implement this webhook listener, I've tried some ways, and really wanted to know more on that. A best and suitable approach.

With username-password authentication approach: We can send SF
Integration user username password along with the request which can
be used by Docusign to make the webhook listener connect call. Now
as per Docusign it will be a single call where they call our listner
and pass the auth parameters, but in sales-force if we follow
username/password based auth approach any application has to make
two API calls, first one to get session and then consecutive call to
do actual operation.
Expose a public REST service in Salesforce: We can expose a REST Service
class on public by using Salesforce Sites, but again for that we require to
have a salesforce site, for that there will be additional configuration and
user have to purchase site licenses if they don't have.
Host the webhook outside of salesforce: Host an another instance for this
webhook Service listener and then then do salesforce poll to this hosted
environment.

Really need to know if we can have an alternative here.
P.S: we can't use Docusign for salesforce connect, beacuse we have a custom requirement here.
Comment: It seems now a days, offering bounty is necessary to get the response :)
Comment: Any solution there? I am also looking for the same.
Answer: I know this an old question, but I did a similar requirement for a website. We used a nodejs server on Heroku and made it listen to the desired event. JSforce then made a POST to our Salesforce instance.
Even I wanted a completely native solution, but without having a way to change the request headers, had to settle for this approach. This has worked without issues so far.


Binary classification of dated text documents with seasonality

Question: I have a collection of training documents with publication dates, where each document is labeled as belonging (or not) to some topic T. I want to train a model that will predict for a new document (with publication date) whether or not it belongs to T, where the publication date might be in the past or in the future. Assume that I have decomposed each training document's text into a set of features (e.g., TF-IDF of words or n-grams) suitable for analysis by an appropriate binary classification algorithm provided by a library like Weka (for instance, multinomial naive Bayes, random forests, or SVM). The concept to be learned exhibits multiple seasonality; i.e., the prior probability that an arbitrary document published on a given date belongs to T depends heavily on when the date falls in a 4-year cycle (due to elections), where it falls in an annual cycle (due to holidays), and on the day of the week.
My research indicates that classification algorithms generally assume (as part of their statistical models) that training data is randomly sampled from the same pool of data that the model will ultimately be applied to. When the distribution of classes in the training data differs substantially from the known distribution in the wild, this leads to the so-called "class imbalance" problem. There are ways of compensating for this, including over-sampling underrepresented classes, under-sampling overrepresented classes, and using cost-sensitive classification. This allows a model creator to implicitly specify the prior probability that a new document will be positively classified, but importantly (and unfortunately for my purposes), this prior probability is assumed to be equal for all new documents.
I require more flexibility in my model. Because of the concept's seasonality, when classifying a new document, the model must explicitly take the publication date into account when determining the prior probability that the document belongs to T, and when the model calculates the posterior probability of belonging to T in light of the document's features, this prior probability should be properly accounted for. I am looking for a classifier implementation that either (1) bakes sophisticated regression of prior probabilities based on dates into the classifier, or (2) can be extended with a user-specified regression function that takes a date as input and gives the prior probability as output.
I am most familiar with the Weka library, but am open to using other tools if they are appropriate to the job. What is the most straightforward way of accomplishing this task?
Answer: Check this example for feature concatenation. http://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/hetero_feature_union.html You might be successful in encoding the seasonality as an additional feature to use along with the features extracted from your texts.
Another example is specifically dealing with temporally correlated data https://github.com/JohnLangford/vowpal_wabbit/wiki/Malicious-URL-example


"403 Forbidden" error page when trying to open Magento 2 setup page

Question: I'm trying to install Magento 2 on a Godaddy Ubuntu virtual machine. After following what is in the installation manual (hopefully), and when I reached to the step of opening the setup page of the Magento 2 installation, I'm getting the following error:
"403 Forbidden" page
However, after I installed Apache I tried to open "http:// [the IP address of the VM]", and it successfully opened the default page of Apache.
The following is the configuration in '/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf' :
<VirtualHost *:80>
        # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
        # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
        # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
        # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
        # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
        # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
        # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
        #ServerName www.example.com

        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/magento2
        #DocumentRoot /var/www/html

        # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
        # error, crit, alert, emerg.
        # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
        # modules, e.g.
        #LogLevel info ssl:warn

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

        # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
        # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
        # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
        # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
        # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
        #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
</VirtualHost>
<Directory /var/www/magento2>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    AllowOverride All
    Order allow,deny
    Require all granted
</Directory>

And permission on /var/www/magento2 folder is as follows:
find . -type d -exec chmod 770 {} \; && find . -type f -exec chmod 660 {} \; && chmod u+x bin/magento

What did I miss in my configuration? how can that be fixed?
Answer: enter code herePlease go to etc/apache2/apache2.conf near line no. 164 replace the code followind code
<Directory /var/www/>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

To
<Directory /var/www/>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride All
    Require all granted
</Directory>

Answer: Please remove '#' before ServerName. And check it.
Execute this command for enable site
sudo a2ensite 000-default.conf
Now restart Apache 2 service
sudo service apache2 restart
Now your code is like this:
<VirtualHost *:80>
        # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
        # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
        # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
        # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
        # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
        # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
        # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
        ServerName www.example.com

        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/magento2
        #DocumentRoot /var/www/html

        # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
        # error, crit, alert, emerg.
        # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
        # modules, e.g.
        #LogLevel info ssl:warn

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

        # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
        # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
        # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
        # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
        # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
        #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
</VirtualHost>
<Directory /var/www/magento2>
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
    AllowOverride All
    Order allow,deny
    Require all granted
</Directory>


Does Worf stink?

Question: Apparently Klingons, or at least Worf, hate to bathe. Does this mean that Worf stinks to high heaven? Or do Klingons consider using the sonic shower/washing at the sink to be acceptable, whereas literal bathing in a tub is not?
Comment: Citation needed for Worf hating to bathe.
Comment: Perhaps "hate" is too strong a word. I believe it's the episode where the Enterprise is heading to Pacifica, when someone asks Worf if he likes to swim. Worf shakes his head with a frown, saying, "It's too much like bathing."
Comment: My Klingon has no nose.
Comment: @Rocket - Either that or she likes smelly men.
Comment: Torres says that she *prefers* the sonic shower
Comment: Q also takes a stab at Worf in "Deja Q". When in the turbo lift with Worf he's ticking off items that he'll need to learn to do as a mortal, stressing needing to bathe while looking right at Word.
Comment: Worf has a charming scent, reminiscent of prunes.
Comment: Well, she's also half-human.
Comment: See also http://scifi.stackexchange.com/q/89758/4918 "Do Klingons not bathe or not like to take baths?"; and http://scifi.stackexchange.com/q/126946/4918 "Does Data \*smell\*?"
Comment: Noooooooooooo... For the sake of Jadzia, Worf scent must be at least decent
Comment: @Valorum then how does he smell?
Comment: @JohnA - Very poorly. Because of his lack of a nose
Answer: Klingons do appear to possess an odour that some humans and aliens find offensive.

In DS9: Trials and Tribble-ations, Darvin (unaware that Worf is Klingon) describes them as:

"foul-smelling barbarians"

Bashir and O'Brien defend him by reassuring him that he doesn't smell bad:

O'BRIEN : Don't take it personally, Worf.
BASHIR : I rather like the way you smell.
O'BRIEN : Kind of a... peaty, earthy aroma.
BASHIR : With just a touch of lilac.

Soren certainly seems to finds lursa's breath quite unpleasant in 'Generations'

The novelisation describes it in more detail :

The aging ship groaned and shuddered unceasingly -- and stunk of
  warm, wet animal, making him long for the pristine, silent corridors
  of the Enterprise...Klingons turning to regard him, his upper lip
  twitched faintly. They smelled the same as the ship; and though
  Soran had always believed himself an unprejudiced man, this particular
  species tested his limits.

In Voyager : Prophecy, again they're described as having an earthy musk.

NEELIX: Well, I've been studying the Klingon database. They're a fascinating people, very robust. And they certainly seem to appreciate
  my culinary skills.
JANEWAY: Looks like everything's running smoothly.
NEELIX: Ah, not quite everything. some of the Starfleet people have been complaining about the smell. Personally, I find it
  appealing. A kind of a musky aroma.
JANEWAY: Maybe we can adjust the environmental controls to filter out the musk.

Yeoman Burke also thinks they smell bad in 'The Undiscovered Country'

CREWMAN #1: They all look alike.
CREWMAN #2: What about that smell? You know only the top of the line models can even talk and...

Their ships are also pretty unpleasant smelling, at least according to McCoy in 'The Voyage Home'

McCOY: You'd think they could at least send a ship. It's bad enough to be court marshalled and spend the rest of our lives mining
  borite, ...but to go home in this Klingon flea trap...
KIRK: We could learn a thing or two from this flea trap. It's got a cloaking device that cost us a lot.
McCOY: I just wish we could cloak the stench.
Comment: Most of these examples (excepting the DS9) are people insulting Klingons.  It's more likely that they, as a species, have a notable (and possibly mildly unpleasant) natural scent.  Saying they smell bad is an easy insult to use, and one that anyone (even redshirts) can come up with on their own.
Comment: @Jeff - I've added a quote from the Generations novel and a quote from Voyager that seem pretty unbiased.
Comment: @user14111 As far as I recall, in the Enterprise episode [1x07, _"The Andorian Incident"_](http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/The_Andorian_Incident_(episode)), where the away team of the Enterprise is trapped inside a Vulcan monastery, the smell of humans and the use of odor blockers  (for T'Pol) is mentioned.
Comment: In addition, there is a really, really, really awful TOS novel I read years ago, where the crew are stuck on a ship with aliens who have a reputation for being the ugliest, smelliest species in existence. They go around wearing head-to-toe coverings and masking their scent. It doesn't work entirely, but as it turns out, it allows the Enterprise crew to form a sort of immunity to their sight/smell (stereotypically including, gott help me, flirtation from Kirk with their captain) which allows Kirk to pull a "They're...just like US...underneath!" speech at the end to save the day.
Comment: The DS9 example is IMHO clearly a bad example.  Darvin was secretly Klingon, and obviously just playing up a stereotype (side note: Saying he was "unaware that Worf is Klingon" sounds really weird.  Did the ridges not give it away?).  Bashir and O'Brien later mention to Dax that the "hint of lilac" line was a joke at Worf's expense, which quite possibly extends to the whole exchange.
Answer: We have known from the very first season that Worf hates baths. In Conspiracy, there is an exchange of dialogue that goes as such:

TROI: Data, it's just not the same. Have you ever been for a real moonlight swim?
DATA: One can swim in moonlight?
TROI: How about you, Mister Worf?
WORF: Swimming is too much like... bathing.

So we can infer from this line of dialogue that yes, Worf does stink.
Comment: Quite the inferential leap.  Just because Work may dislike bathing (water immersion ?) he may still do so out of social deference.  Or maybe Worf prefers showers which avoid bodily immersion and could even be waterless (think sonic showers).
Comment: I don't think it follows that because an alien doesn't like (water) showers, that they smell bad to humans, especially when sonic showers exist.
Answer: I don't think Starfleet would allow its officers to run around a Starship unbathed. Also Picard would almost certainly not tolerate such a practice.
But it does appear as if Worf isn't fond of bathing. Maybe not bathing for long periods of time is some kind of Klingon test of "manhood".

Does Worf stink?


Move Mac OS Hard Drive from One Mac to Another

Question: I currently have two Mac Minis, one is the current gen, another is a 2009 model both loaded with OS X Lion. I am trying to boot the new Mac Mini with the hard drive pulled from the old one using a SATA to USB adapter. When booting, I pressed and held the Alt key. When the old hard drive appears as an external drive, I choose that drive to boot the Mac. That's when the prohibitory sign appears on the screen.
Answer: The current-generation Mac Minis originally shipped with OS X version 10.8.1 (build #12B2080), and will not be able to boot any older version of OS X.
I'm pretty sure the generic build of 10.8.2 will work on them, so one possibility would be to upgrade from Lion to the latest Mountain Lion. Depending on what you're trying to accomplish, another possibility would be to use the Migration Assistant to copy your account/documents/whatever to the newer Mini, as described in "Migrating a Time Machine backup to a new Mac" in Apple's Mac Basics: Time Machine.
See also Apple's Don't install a version of Mac OS X earlier than what came with your Mac.


Why was Fritz put on the throne as a king?

Question: In Attack on Titan, why did the royal government put King Fritz on the throne? And how did Erwin and the Survey Corps know that he was a fake king?
Answer: Why did the royal government put King Fritz on the throne? It was never stated directly but as seen throughout the revelations in the manga, the former king Karl Fritz always wanted to erase any memory and information about Titans and the outside world. As stated here,

Fritz held the belief that the world would have been better off if Titans and Eldians never existed and he considered his people to be sinners.

In Chapter 66, Fritz's descendants who inherited his Titan also inherited this belief of a world ruled by Titans as 'true peace' and as stated here,

this influence is so strong that even people that wanted to stop the Titans changed their minds when they received the power, deciding not to make a move and refusing to reveal the reason, even to their own families.

This, to me, is the reason why this led to the placement of the fake king: aside from preventing Eldians from discovering any information about anything outside the walls, this was also to protect the identity of the Titan shifter within the royal family. If the people within the walls found out about the Coordinate and the hostility of other nations, they would, naturally, want the Founding Titan to defend them. This goes against Karl Fritz's wish, who was ready to accept punishment with arms wide open. This will is inherited by his descendants who hold the Founding Titan and as stated above, they are forced to accept this will whether they like it or not.
How did Erwin and the Survey Corps know that he was a fake king? In Chapter 55, Hannes and Levi were torturing Djel Sannes from Military Police Brigade who they captured. Sannes himself stated that:

The Reiss Family is the true royal bloodline.

Erwin was then shown receiving the information from a messenger.
Answer: The true king needed someone who would take the throne so Rod and his family could not be in the center of attention/ be protected from assassination attempts so they could keep the Founding Titan in the bloodline, and so they cont die and have the titan fall into Marley or some person in paradise.(speculation on my part). If I was King Riess I would do exactly the same thing to keep the things above from happening. Assassination sucks, after all that work and effort to keep the Founding Titan out of Marley's hands? its no wonder there was a fake king.
Comment: Do you have anything from the manga/anime to back this up? (Chapters/episodes/etc.)
Comment: Speculation is alright, so long as you have something from the manga/anime to support it.
Comment: I'm looking through the manga to prove my point but I don't own all the chapters so I have to look online, I am still looking. I'm going to check the anime too.


Is it possible for Bitcoin to live on the Ethereum Blockchain?

Question: It seems to me that once Casper is fully implemented, the best of both worlds would be for the valuable and scarce BTC token to live on the expedient, efficient Ethereum blockchain. But would this be technically feasible?
Answer: Quoted from Vitalik Buterin on Reddit:
 (https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/4d5z1y/is_it_possible_for_bitcoin_to_live_on_the/)

"BTC -> ethereum convertibility can be done fine; the hard part is the
  ethereum -> BTC conversion. There would need to be some kind of
  sidechain protocol that can "understand" receipts being created on the
  ethereum blockchain; this is nontrivial and would have to be done as a
  softfork and accepted by BTC miners; if you don't want to do this,
  then the two alternative routes are (1) a federated multisig peg with
  independent and known parties, and (2) a multisig peg with security
  deposits on ethereum to incentivize participants to sign transactions
  correctly. (2) does rely on ETH continuing to have value and not
  dropping too quickly though, as otherwise the collateral may suddenly
  be insufficient to provide an adequate incentive not to steal the BTC.

BTCRelay (http://btcrelay.org/ / https://github.com/ethereum/btcrelay) is a project working towards building bridge between the Bitcoin blockchain & Ethereum smart contracts.
Answer: I'm not an expert. But you can implement any currency in Ethereum. So nothing prevents you to do so.
However, everyone (at least every miner) would have to agree at some point and make a migration process. Something which freezes bitcoin network transactions forever, and the only possible transaction is paying TO "someone" who grants the owner of the sender account bitcoins the same amount of "Ether-currency". This kind of change (changing the rules after all) probably needs something like a hard-fork @ bitcoin network too.
And of course, everyone has to trust that "someone" (or at least the mechanism which makes it safe). As he would basically be destroying bitcoins and creating ethereum.
Another interesting discussion would be performance and robustness of both networks (which I do not fully understand).
Answer: On chain It's called wrapped BTC if you're just talking a representation of bitcoins value living on the chain. However O.P. is talking about actual bitcoin living on the eth chain, and that's a NO. It has nothing to do with the etherium side. It has to do with the BTC network not being able to see the coins on a non-native network and transaction settlement speed requirements. Think about it. How could bitcoin's native chain prove a btc on the eth chain wasn't double spent at some point before being transferred back to the native chain? You see it as a convenience but in reality it's a potential attack vector. That's why we have oracles and AMMs and apps like change now to streamline conversion processes while still maintaining the integrity of both chains


Contradiction:Maximum Power Transfer and High resistance of load

Question: Whenever we load a circuit, there's a drop from the open circuit voltage \$v_{oc}\$ due to the internal source resistance or Thevenin's resistance\$R_{th}\$. So we need to have  an \$R_{load}\$ that is very large compared to \$R_{th}\$, (i.e) $$R_{load}>>R_{th}$$ so that almost all the voltage drop occurs across \$R_{load}\$ . But according to maximum power transfer theorem we need to have an \$R_{load}\$ that is equal to the \$R_{th}\$ to obtain maximum power transfer. Aren't these two statements contradictory, maybe contradictory isn't the right word, but you get it. So, which one do we need to follow while constructing a circuit.
Answer: You are in good company. The maximum power transfer concept frequently causes confusion. Take note of the fact that maximum power transfer does not mean maximum power efficiency. I think this may be the main point that trips people up.
In fact, when Rload = Rsource, then the maximum possible efficiency is 50%, since the load and source will be consuming equal power. If the goal is to extract power from the source at the highest possible rate, then the load and source should be matched.
But often, it is more important to protect the source from getting hot, or to maximize power efficiency from the standpoint of DC input power to the amplifier. In these cases, Rsource should be much lower than Rload. You see this in audio amplifiers, for example. Also, usually when you are discharging a battery, you make sure Rload is much greater than Rbattery to avoid over-heating the battery.
Another point is that when signals need to pass through transmission lines (such as coaxial cable or similar) the load must be matched to the source (and line) to prevent reflections or other signal degradation.
Key points

Maximum power transfer is not maximum efficiency.
When maximum energy efficiency is desired in an amplifier, source impedance should be kept low compared to load.
Sometimes, when transmission lines are involved, power concerns are secondary, and signal integrity dictates that load and source be matched (to avoid reflections).
Comment: So it depends on our needs?
Comment: Yes, it depends on the overall goals and constraints (like many things in engineering). But I have tried to be somewhat specific. I don't think "it depends" is a good answer.
Comment: So, my question makes sense right? If we increase the load, there will be a decrease in efficiency (below 50%)
Comment: When Rload << Rsource, efficiency will be very low. When Rload=Rsource, efficiency will be 50% (for ideal source/load). When Rload >> Rsource, efficiency will be relatively high.
Answer: The answer to the apparent contradiction relates to the inverse relation between resistance and power, mixed with a direct relation between resistance and voltage. These thoughts can quickly become misleading. After all, the power dissipated by a resistor is proportional to voltage squared:
$$
P = \frac{V_{load}^2}{R_{load}}
$$
So the first instinct is to assume to maximize \$P\$, one should maximize \$V_{load}\$. Using a Thevenin voltage source, the resistor divisor means the maximal \$V_{load} = V_{th}\$ occurs when \$R_{load} >> R_{th}\$.
However, remember another expression for power:
$$
P = V_{load} I_{load}
$$
you can quickly assess that, increasing \$R_{load}\$ all the way to \$+\infty\$ (an open circuit), no current flows and \$P=0\$. In the same manner, with \$R_{load} = 0\$ (a short circuit) there is no voltage drop, and again \$P=0\$. This means the maximal power transferred is neither at an extremely high nor extremely low \$R_{load}\$. In fact, the maximal power is when both current and voltage meet "halfway". This happens when \$R_{load}=R_{th}\$.
Answer: You are confusing power transfer and voltage transfer.
To have maximum voltage transfer Rload >> Rsource.
To have maximum power transfer Rload == Rsource.
The reason is that as Rload goes up, more of the source voltage is dropped across Rload but the total current flowing in the circuit decreases.
Comment: I don't get it . Can you elucidate more? \$R_{th}\$ is not equal to \$R_{load}\$ right? can you design a simple circuit as an example if possible?
Comment: Read here. http://electricalacademia.com/basic-electrical/maximum-power-transfer-theorem/


Chili pepper size vs heat

Question: Does the size of the pepper have any affect on how hot/spicy the pepper will be?
ex. Is a smaller ghost pepper less hot than a ghost pepper twice its size?
Comment: Are we talking about total capsaicin per pepper, or scoville ratings (which is normalized by weight, so indirectly by size)?
Comment: It sounds like you mean size within the same variety. I grow *apache* (a common not-very-hot variety). Fruit sizes can easily vary by a factor of 3 on the same plant. Whether the heat in this case is similar per fruit or per unit volume would take an experiment as there are other variables: big chillies from the middle of the season grow and ripen quickly. They seem mild compared to stressed chillies from late in the season.
Comment: @ChrisH That sounds like a good answer to me. I have heard the same thing... peppers that are larger from the same plant will likely have more water so the spice/volume ratio is lower.
Comment: @Catija my comment is a bit unscientific for me to put it as an answer (IMO).
Answer: As an overly broad generalization, yes, smaller peppers tend to be more spicy.
To answer in more detail, the heat in peppers comes from a molecule called capsaicin. The concentration of capsaicin is what determines how spicy peppers are relative to each other.
Incidentally, this is also how spiciness can be measured. The Scoville Scale is a measure of how many times you need to dilute the pepper's capsaicin before it is no longer detectable by taste. While this is subjective, it's a decent point for comparison between different varieties.
Larger peppers like bell peppers or banana peppers are low on the Scoville Scale (0 & up to 500 Scoville Heat Units respectively), while smaller peppers like Serranos (up to 25,000 SHU) and Habaneros (up to 350,000 SHU) are usually much hotter. Thus you have a trend with smaller peppers being hotter.
NB: Scoville units per pepper listed as 'up to xx', as there can be huge variations dependent on things like soil composition and climate. This is why you can get some Jalapenos that aren't terribly spicy, but then get others that are (relatively) really hot. SHU listings from Wikipedia.
Comment: I think the question is... if you have two peppers of the same variety, will the smaller of the two likely be hotter. Not comparing between two different varieties.

Chili pepper size vs heat


Problems with GRUB install

Question: A few days ago I did install Ubuntu with 3 partitions, swap / and /home, then I disconnected the hard drive and I installed Windows 7 on another hard drive. The problem is: I don't get the GRUB menu to choose between operating systems.
I tried sudo grub-install /dev/sda, but it gives me the following error:
/usr/sbin/grub-bios-setup: warning: The file system 'ext2' not allow wardrobe.
/usr/sbin/grub-bios-setup: warning: Can not embed. GRUB can only be installed in this setup by using blocklists. However, blocklists are unreliable and their use is not recommended ..
/usr/sbin/grub-bios-setup: error: will not proceed with blocklists.

What do I do?
Comment: For more about grub you can read the docs here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2
Answer: You need to update grub menu entries.
Open a terminal by pressingCTRL+ALT+T and type the following:
sudo update-grub /dev/sdb

replacing sdb above with sda, sdb, sdc, sdd, or whatever drive your GRUB MBR resides on.

Problems with GRUB install


Looking for daf yomi app recommendations

Question: Are there any good daf yomi apps? I saw the video for the artscroll app but it doesn't seem to be out yet. Any recommendations?
Comment: Someone please tell Artscroll that there are a few of us with Android devices.
Comment: The Artscroll app is available here: http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/artscroll-digital-library/id536661409?ls=1&mt=8
Comment: @SethJ I read an article that suggested that they planned to roll out the app to iPhone and Android in the near future.
Comment: I heard the new Koren English Talmud is/did come out with an app starting this cycle.
Comment: The siyum's program guide "HaSiyum" had an ad for every different system with an analysis (on their own terms, though) of it.
Comment: kollel iyun hadaf has its stuff in epub format. see dafyomi.see http://dafyomi.co.il/members/login.php
Answer: OU have recently produced a new website/app called Alldaf.org.
Features (you can customize your feed according to your interests from the following features):

Daf Hayomi Shiurim from a selection of famous Maggidei Shiur
Point by Point elucidation of every Tosfos in English
Supplementary bite-sized audio miniseries:

Daf in Practice
Daf in Halacha
Daf in Jewish History
Daf in Depth (Iyun Hadaf)
Daf intro
Pesukei Hadaf

Resource material for further learning

Mareh Mekomos in Halacha
Mareh Mekomos in Lomdus
Advanced Shiurim of Rishonim & Achronim on the Daf
Answer: There is a new free daf yomi app called "portal hadaf hyomi"
The App includes many great features:

The entire Talmud in clear fonts
Talmud lessons to listen to and download, in Hebrew, English and Yiddish
Articles, Leaflets,books and other helpful tools
A location map for venues in which you can attend "Daf Hayomi" lectures
A Calendar with enables the user to keep track of hies learning

download link
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pwrtl-hdp-hywmy/id534520510?ls=1&mt=8
Comment: binyamin, thanks for your detailed answer, and welcome to Mi Yodeya. I hope you stick around and enjoy the site. Please consider [registering](http://judaism.stackexchange.com/users/login) your [account](http://judaism.stackexchange.com/users/1772/binyamin), which will [give you access](http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/44557/why-should-i-register-my-account) to more of the site's features.
Answer: An app which can be used on Android is one named 'Real Clear Daf' and as described the Daf is explained real clear.
Comment: +1 for a good answer. If I could, I would give an additional vote because I just LOVE your ID name, esp. for an answer about learning.
Comment: Or 'explained clearly'
Answer: I've been using Crowded Road's iTalmud. It had some major issues with download management and audio playback, but a recent update reduced these to minor issues, at least for me.
Comment: is it worth the $25?
Comment: @SethJ all things considered I think that's a fair price, but of course it feels very expensive in the scope of iOS apps. I think you would get a lot more mileage out of it if you have an iPad for it too. It's a little cramped on the iPhone.


How was all the matter curled up inside a singularity during big bang ?

Question: If the singularity had infinite mass, temperature and density, then it should curve space and time but there was no space-time before big bang. So where did the singularity come to existence without space-time ?
Comment: https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/a-mathematical-proof-that-the-universe-could-have-formed-spontaneously-from-nothing-ed7ed0f304a3 If you want to hurt yourself, go to the source: http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.1207 TLDR version: Quantum foams are funny things.
Comment: Before the Genesis, there are still speculative til today.
Comment: I always heard it was infinite energy, not infinite mass and that particles that had properties of "mass" didn't form until the universe cooled approx 200,000 years after the big bang?  But maybe infinite energy=infinite mass?
Answer: The very short answer is "no one knows". The available evidence very strongly suggests that the Universe 13.8 billion years ago was hot, dense and expanding and the further back we look, the more indirect the clues we get are, but the hotter and denser it seems to have been.
There are multiple theories for what happens as we follow this process back and back, but theories is all they are. Scientists work to make testable predictions that would follow from some of them but not others, and allow us to whittle down the pool, but it's hard.
All that said, at the broadest level there seem to be two common current views as to how to address the question "what happened before the big bang".
One is to argue that it is simply a bad question: time, like space, is "curved" by the presence of a lot of mass or energy and the question may be analagous to asking "what is North of the North pole". There simnply is no "before" direction from "the Big Bang", or to put it another way, it is the nature of this universe to have a time dimension which only goes a finite distance in the "past" direction. This, very loosely, is the "no boundary" approach of Hawking and others.
The other view, which has names like "eternal inflation" or "cosmic inflation" is that the original state of the universe was a smooth and fairly featureless, but extremely rapidly expanding (exponentially rapidly) one, which was only meta-stable. Part or all of this universe, spontaneously "changed phase" to produce normal space and time, and as a result of the energy released by the phase change, was filled with very hot, very dense, matter and energy, still expanding, but no longer exponentially. Indeed, gravity then started to slow the expansion.  In some theories just a small region would undergo this phase change, in others it would be the whole universe. Either way, all of the universe we see comes from a small region of the inflating universe.
Answer: There are multipble theories that could provide an answer to your question. One of them is that the universe is a quantum fluctuation that created forces, energy, etc.. This would explain why we observe the total energy of the universe to be 0 (negative energy from repulsive gravity and positive energy from radiation, mass etc.). This theory is supported by alan guth's and Andrei Linde called inflation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_fluctuation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_%28cosmology%29
Another theory called brane-theory, an idea that arose frome string theory which include multiverses etc., states that our universe was created in a collison between to branes. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_cosmology