How do I move a support post for a 4x5 stair landing?

Question: The back door of my church has a stair landing above it that is supported by two 4x4 posts. One of the posts is in the path of the door and people are always running into it. I want to move this post over 12 inches to create a clear walkway. The structure above is simply an enclosed stair landing (4' x 5') that attaches to the newer second story. (Picture a 50"x48" rectangle sticking out from the building.) It is made as follows: On the 50" stair side: 2- 2x12x58 beams that sit on the 8" block header of the first story and a 4x4 post on a concrete slab. The other 50" side is 2- 2x12x50 beams that do not attach to the building side but rest on a 4x4 post on a concrete slab. The 48" side next to the building is 1- 2x12x48 attached to the wood frame of the second story. The problem side is 1- 2x12x48 and 1- 2x12x40 that are nailed into the 50" sides and bracketed to the 4x4 posts.
My thought is to bolt a 2x8x66 to the existing outside 2x12x48 with 1/2" lag bolts every 8" and bracket it to the top of a new 4x4. I would also attach a hanger bracket to the building side that is currently NOT supported. Then I would cut off the existing 4x4 that is in the way of the door.
Does this sound like it would work?
Comment: A simple photo would have saved you a whole lot of typing and us a whole lot of eyebrow furrowing. :)
Answer: In a commercial building, you have a duty of care to your clients.
The only place to get this kind of advice is from an accredited source, such as a professional engineer or architect.


How do manufacturers/kit providers determine Vne?

Question: Vne defines the maximum indicated airspeed which should not be exceeded. And clearly, doing so would result in "bad things" happening like flutter, etc. Presumably manufacturers do some sort of design work to determine likely Vne but how do they test for that? Exceeding Vne would put the aircraft into a structural failure situation would it not?
Answer: $V_{ne}$ is typically set to about 90% of $V_D$, the maximum design dive speed.  This difference provides a safety margin.  Above $V_D$, damage may occur due to flutter or structural failure, or controllability considerations may make the aircraft unflyable.  The aircraft is not guaranteed to fall apart at $V_D$ due to additional structural and manufacturing margins.
During flight test, the aircraft is flown above $V_{ne}$, up to, or close to, $V_D$.  Appropriate safety precautions are taken, e.g. parachute.  Any failure below $V_D$ indicates a design or manufacturing issue that must be resolved prior to certification.
The limitation to flight below $V_{ne}$ (as opposed to $V_D$) during regular operations provides protection against airspeed measurement errors, pilot errors and some margin against structural degradation over the lifetime of the aircraft.
Answer: It is exactly as pericynthion says. VD is one of the so called design speeds defined at design time. Many of the structural/aeroelastic characteristics have to be demonstrated at speeds up to VD during flight test. However VD is for certification flight testing only. Normal operation is limited to VNE. However VNE is for light aircraft only. Larger aircraft have VMO instead.
Answer: The generic answer is:

Design Cruising Speed (Vc) = 33 * Sqrt (wing loading)
Design Dive Speed (Vd) = 1.4 * Vc
Never Exceed Speed (Vne) = 0.9 * Vd

Then empiric testing (wind tunnel or test pilot) is done to test and expand those.
Actual formulas are in the F.A.R. FAR/JAR-23 and a reference page with this question answered is in this forum.
Military and advanced civil design does finite analysis based on the material properties in a computer simulation to calculate failure at stress points based on the materials used and predict flutter but that's beyond any simple answer and in industry is done by entire teams of individuals.


Can I use my girlfriends phone number on my iPad

Question: My girlfriend and I both have iPhones and we both want to use my apple id but have separate numbers. I just bought her an iPad and it only has my phone number under iMessage. Can I add hers to my apple id or the iPad?
Answer: Not really except for one special case..
One Apple ID can have two phone numbers, but one phone number cannot be linked with two Apple ID.
If she didn't care to have iMessage work at all, you could sign in to her iPhone with your Apple ID and messages to both numbers would then come to your Apple ID until she decided to start using her number with another Apple ID.


Creating a Workflow Sending Form Automatically to Reviewer

Question: Working in SP13. I am creating of a workflow that includes:
The user fills out a form and submits it to a chosen reviewer.  After submitting the form the form is submitted automatically to the reviewer.  I am not sure how the workflow should start. What action would I use to send a form to the designated reviewer? To have the form sent to the chosen reviewer, should  i create a separate email action to be sent to each reviewer on the list with an if/else statement? Sorry for the confusion, I am still learning how to create custom workflows.  Thanks for your help
Answer: First off I still use SP2010 workflows on our SP2013 site because I'm more familiar with them, but the following steps should be useable in SP2013 workflows unless something has changed that I'm not aware of.
It looks like what you're after is an "approval workflow" these are pretty easy to set up. You'll need to install SharePoint designer (SPD) if you haven't already. Then within it create an approval workflow (there's hundreds of tutorials online if you google "SharePoint approval workflow how to")
If your user selects a reviewer in their form, you'll need to make this selection visible to SharePoint, to do this publish your form with the AccountID field of the reviewer as a column. This would probably be then hidden in your SharePoint library so users don't see it as a column.
Once that's done you can set up your approval workflow and use a "Workflow Lookup for User" and select that ID field as the recipient.
Hope this is enough to put you on the right path, if you get stuck anywhere feel free to leave a comment.
Edit:
Also all workflows when edited in SPD have the option to "Start workflow automaticaly when item is created" and "Start workflow automaticaly when item is changed". Using these you should be able to acheive the functionality your after.
Comment: Thank for your response. It was very helpful. Based on your advice i found this link (http://amalhashim.wordpress.com/2013/03/14/sharepoint-custom-approval-workflow-with-dynamic-approvers-using-sharepoint-designer/) I think this will help me build on what you mentioned. Thanks again


Shisui's Suicide

Question: I know that Danzo had taken Shisui's right eye already and was after him, but why did he have to commit suicide? I know this question may sound simple, but I don't get why Shisui couldn't have lived on and help stop the coup the Uchihas were planning...
Answer: "Self-sacrifice… a nameless shinobi who protects peace from within its shadow… That is the mark of a true shinobi."
-From Shisui to Itachi
Shisui gave his life and eyes in order to protect his home the village of Konoha, serving as an ANBU Black ops member. His Mangekyou Sharingan is one of the most powerful in all the Uchiha clan records that is why he thinks that his eyes can be used against Konohan whenever their clan initiate a coup d'etat.
Maybe Shisui can't live with the thought that he had to choose between the village and his clan.
Comment: Ah.... I see why.
Answer: Shisui was ambushed by Danzo, and ended up losing his right eye. This was a shock to him, because he served under Danzo as an ANBU Black Ops. He realized that there would soon be a coup d'etat from his own village, and he knew that his left eye would be a target from both Danzo and the Uchiha village.
Shisui did not want such a war between the Uchiha village and Konoha. He did not want internal destruction of his village, and he also did not want his village to perish. Thus understanding his eye as the most powerful tool, he knew everyone would go after him. So he believed it would be better to keep his left eye safe with Itachi, and commit suicide, so that no one would find his corpse, or go after him.

Shisui's Suicide


Deriving 2 shared secrets from one private key and 2 different public keys

Question: I have a key pair, say $(d, Q)$. I send my public key $Q$ to 2 different people. I also get their public keys $Q_1$ and $Q_2$. Now I can derive 2 shared secrets, $d*Q_1$ and $d*Q_2$. The 2 other people can also derive  secrets $d_1*Q$ and $d_2*Q$. Assuming all key pairs were generated from the same elliptic curve, is it safe to use both the shared secrets in the same session for 2-way communication?
Comment: what does it mean by "derive 2 shared secrets , $d*Q_1$ ..." ? . Also looks like some text book problem ?
Comment: It's very much a real world problem.
What I mean by 2 shared secrets is using the same private key, pairing it with 2 different public keys (all from the same curve) to generate 2 shared secrets using Diffie-Hellman.  (The shared secrets will be $d*Q_1$ and $d*Q_2$ on one side and $d_1*Q$ and $d_2*Q$ on the other side.)
Keep in mind that both shared secrets are being used at the same time(To generate symmetric keys for example).
Answer: Yes, you can use a (semi) static key pair for (Elliptic Curve) Diffie-Hellman. If you want to check for sure that you use ECDH correctly take a look at the NIST SP 56A which shows the various way that key agreement can be used. In this case you'd probably look for 22.214.171.124.

Note that you should check the public keys for validity. Furthermore, this describes a key agreement protocol. If the static public key can be trusted by the two other parties then the party holding the static key pair has been authenticated. You may require additional authentication for the other two parties. Finally, you probably want to use a MAC to validate that you've both generated the correct secret keys in your key agreement protocol rather than afterwards. This probably means that you need a KDF to derive the various session keys. You may want to use different keys for each direction of  communication as well.
Comment: Note that I've given a relatively generic answer; with the limited information given I cannot say for sure that your protocol is secure or not.


Random effect nested under fixed effect model in R

Question: Looking for help to create a model for my data gathered from a reciprocal transplant experiment:  I have 2 populations of fish (A and B) and 2 temperature regimes (warm and cold) that were crossed with each other (= 4 treatment groups- A:warm, A:cold, B:warm, B:cold).   Each treatment group consists of two replicate tanks (8 tanks total).  There are 100 fish in each tank.  The response variable of interest is growth rate and I have recorded growth rate for each of 800 fish.I want to test the effects of population and temperature and their interaction.  I also want to include tank effect.  I think I should nest tank effect within the interaction effect (Pop:Temp which is equivalent to the treatment group) and include nest effect as a random effect.  So I should have Population (fixed effect) and Temp (fixed effect) and tank effect (random effect) nested within the interaction of Pop:Temp.  Is it possible to create a random effect nested within a fixed effect interaction?  If so, how do I do this in R?
Comment: How can there be an effect of POP (or interaction) of any kind if there are always 100 fish in each tank?
Comment: I think you could think about this particular fish population as a "species", or a "group" (even though they may be the same species, but from a different region, or a different breed). So in effect, I think, katy d. might be looking for an effect of this "group" and temperature on growth rate.
Answer: It doesn't make sense to both include tank as a random effect and nest tank within the pop/temp fixed effect.  You only need one of these, depending on how tank is coded.
If tank is coded 1-8, you only need the tank random effect.  Nesting it within the pop/temp fixed effect results in the same 8 units, so is not necessary.
If tank is coded 1-2 (that is, which rep it was), you only need to nest tank within the pop/temp fixed effect, because that gives you your 8 unique tanks.  Including the tank random effect is only desired if the tanks were first divided into two groups and then randomized to treatment; if the eight tanks were completely randomized to treatment, this is not necessary.
You could do this with likelihood based solutions such those in nlme and lme4 but if everything is balanced, it might be simpler to use the traditional ANOVA approach using aov.
Creating some sample data:
set.seed(5)
d <- within(expand.grid(pop=factor(c("A","B")),
                        temp=factor(c("warm", "cold")),
                        rep=1:2,
                        fish=1:100), {
                          tank <- factor(paste(pop, temp, rep, sep="."))
                          tanke <- round(rnorm(nlevels(tank))[unclass(tank)],1)
                          e <- round(rnorm(length(pop)),1)
                          m <- 10 + 2*as.numeric(pop)*as.numeric(temp)
                          growth <- m + tanke + e
                        })

Using aov like this:
a0 <- aov(growth ~ pop*temp + Error(tank), data=d)
summary(a0)

or lme like this:
library(nlme)
m1 <- lme(growth ~ pop*temp, random=~1|tank, data=d)
anova(m1)

Comment: Nice answer! Could you explain the reasoning behind this: "Including the tank random effect is only desired if the tanks were first divided into two groups and then randomized to treatment; if the eight tanks were completely randomized to treatment, this is not necessary."?
Answer: Because the treatment (pop*temp) does not vary within levels of the random effect (tank), this is a simple nested design (I think).  Unless you are particularly interested in the amount of between-tank variation, it will be much easier just to aggregate the data to the level of tank and then run a simple (non-mixed) linear model -- the statistical inferences should be identical to the tests of the fixed effects in the mixed ANOVAs above.
Using the sample data above (I'm sure there's an easier way to do the aggregation):
d2 <- rename(cast(subset(d,select=c(pop,tank,temp,growth)),
                  pop+temp+tank~.,fun.agg=mean,value="growth"),
             c("(all)"="meangrowth"))

m1 <- lm(meangrowth~pop*temp,data=d2)
summary(m1)

See Murtaugh (2007) "Simplicity and complexity in ecological data analysis", Ecology, 88(1), 2007, pp. 56–62.
Comment: +1 Nice job thinking about (and answering) the OP's underlying question.
Answer: Did you try: lmer(growth~1+treatment+(1|tank)+(0+treatment|tank))
Comment: I'm not very good at the whole nested interpretation that the OP wants... but to test my limited understanding of this lmer model it is: The intercept is the sum of the fixed common intercept plus a random, per-tank intercept. The slope is the sum of a fixed treatment slope and a random, treatment-per-tank slope. The per-tank intercept and slope are not correlated. Is that correct?
Comment: yep, that was it


What is this creature in "Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald"?

Question: It can be seen behind Newt Scamander in the attached image. Only the creature's eye is shown during the movie's runtime from 32:37 minutes. Its eye glows, it's in some sort of aquarium.
Answer: It is common within fictional worlds like the Potterverse to fill backgrounds with creatures that were never actually named in their source material. I do so believe that this creature, as interesting as it may be, is one such example of this trend as it's never directly addressed/stated. Even if it isn't officially named, though, that doesn't mean J.K. Rowling won't release a Fantastic Beasts Bestiary that includes these creatures with more detail, possibly written in Newt's handwriting and style. (There is a Bestiary on Pottermore, but it is in no way complete with all things Newt would have seen.)
If I were to guess based on the limited visual data, I'd suspect it was a Horned Serpent which is a large, dark serpentine creature with large, blue eyes. While you could argue that's more of a green than a blue, I'd argue it's more of a seafoam color, which could still be considered a form of blue-green. Otherwise, the creature is not yet named and is awaiting such treatment from Rowling.
Answer: Unclear - it may just be a visible habitat.
It's unclear if that glowing thing is in fact a creature, or simply something that's not a creature, but is actually instead a part of another creature's habitat. Like his case, Newt's basement has several different types of habitats for his creatures based on their natural environment. Portions of them are visible through their entryways.

Though it's possible the glowing thing seen in that particular window is in fact a creature, it's not necessarily one, and what exactly it is never was mentioned. It may be either a creature or just something that's part of one of the habitats in Newt's basement.
Comment: May be we would see more this in the upcoming films :)
Comment: Yes, information about this creature was never mentioned in the film, but I'm positive that it is a living creature as the augery(Irish Phoenix) and this creature look at each other before this scene.
Comment: @Bellatrix regardless of the punctuation use, please keep the alt text - it's an accessibility issue for people using screen readers (notably), and helps with search engine searchability. More info about why alt text is important [here](https://meta.stackexchange.com/q/332006/398063). (I don't want to engage in an edit war, hence this comment)


Civirules send email action creates activity in UTC time

Question: I have a rule with the trigger "Case activity is added". This activity is an "Alert" activity, and when is created, the action "Send E-mail to contacts on a case", sends it to supervisor roles in that case.
However as you can see in the attached image, while the Alert is created in the right local time, the sent email is registered with +4 hours (so I think is UTC time because we are in America/Santiago).

I'm on wordpress and sure that is correctly set in America/santiago in CMS. Also I have set that as Default timezone in php.ini.
Using Civicrm 5.36.0, Wordpress 5.7, CiviRules 2.24, and E-Mail API 2.2
Any help or guidance will be very appreciated!
Answer: This sounds like it might be a bug in CiviRules. I suggest that you raise an issue.
Looking at the issues, #127 might be related.


Why are these participles not gerunds?

Question:
Hearing a noise,he woke up.

here hearing is said to be a participle. But how it acts as an adjective? Again,

By working hard, you can prosper.

Is working a participle or gerund?
Answer: I truly hate the vocabulary used with participles. In English, participles are formed from verbs. Each verb has a progressive participle and a perfect participle. The principle purpose of participles is in verbal phrases for the purpose of indicating the aspect of the lexically significant verb.
However, participles can also be used as adjectives or as nouns. When they are used as nouns, they are called gerunds.

The children were running the business on their own by then.

The participle "running" is used here as the lexically significant part of a verbal phrase that is in the past progressive tense.

They bought a thriving business.

The participle "thriving" is used here as an adjective.

Swimming is good though tedious exercise.

The participle "swimming" is used here as a noun and so is called a gerund.
It would be easier for students if we said that a "gerund" is one way that progressive pariciples are used in English. There is no difference in form between a participle and a gerund.
Answer: Participles modify other words or parts of a sentence.  They can appear where adjectives or adverbs would work.

Looking at him closely I saw that Jim was not well (adverb).
I took the dog jumping on me outside for a while (adjective).

Gerunds do not modify anything.  They can appear where nouns or pronouns would work.

I struggled with Jim.
I struggled with talking to Jim.

By working hard, you can prosper

Prepositions take objects, objects are noun or noun-like, therefore "working hard" couldn't be anything but a gerund.
Of course it's possible that a preposition's object is modified by a participial phrase.

I left with those mean kids throwing things at me.

Why are these participles not gerunds?


Creating required voltage across a device using basic electrical principles

Question: Let me explain what I mean by an imaginary case. Let's imagine a 10 V battery in series with two resistors equal in resistance value. The voltage in between those resistors is 5V according to the voltage division rule. I have a component (does not matter what it is) which needs to be powered up by 5 volts. When I try to use that 5V voltage value in between those resistors to power it up, the voltage division rule breaks and I get less than 5 volts across that component. I cannot figure out how to provide it 5 volts to power it up by using voltage division or basic circuit analysis techniques. What is the way to achieve any voltage value across any component we want?
Comment: Voltage regulators, I'd say
Comment: Or a better question, how do adjustable voltage sources in electronic labs work?
Comment: If your device has load resistance R1, put it in series with a resistor R1
Comment: I do not know what they are
Comment: I mean if you mean adjustable voltage sources in electronics labs, I do not mean them. I wonder how this goal is achieved without them
Answer: The answer by Oliver is indeed correct. However, I will just add why you are seeing the results you are seeing when trying to power something through your divider.
You are correct in saying that for a power supply of 10V DC, dividing it down via 2 equal resistors will give you 5V. we see that here:

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
This is because the current flowing through this would be 10/20k = 500uA. the voltage drop across a 10k resistor is: 500uA * 10k = 5V.
So, what would happen if you fitted a load on this? Let us see:

simulate this circuit
You have now added extra resistance on to the bottom resistor. Assume that the load resistance is 10k. This would make the bottom resistor 5k (resistors in parallel). inputting this new figure into our previous equations will give is a middle point voltage of 3.3V.
So you can see that the voltage division rule does not break, you have just adjusted the values.
Adding a voltage regulator (for 5V the classic 7805) will be able to ensure you have a stable output voltage no matter what the load. This is usually done with an internal compensation circuit such as this:

simulate this circuit
Comment: OP is *clearly* a beginner. But he knows ohms law. I used terminology that makes sense for a beginner, and they can see it visually. To a beginner, that makes more sense. Using the math will get you the answer you need. So yes, you have added resistance, but obviously being in parallel, the overall resistance of that particular path has decreased. Sometimes it's good to just keep things simple
Comment: +1 for "the bottom resistor changes"-the bottom resistor represents an equivalent resistance formed with the load. I think it must be something beginners bump in often.
Comment: "You have now **added** extra resistance on to the bottom resistor." — No you have removed resistance. I know that i looks like you added a resistor. Instead see it as removing a vacuum or some air, and replacing it with a mildly conducting wire.
Answer: A voltage regulator.
A voltage regulator is a fairly fundamental concept in electronics. The simplest voltage regulator is the Linear (or sometimes LDO - Low DropOut). The regulator is essentially using two resistors to split the voltage to create your target output voltage (potential divider). However, the regulator also monitor the output voltage, and when it changes (because the load changes), the regulator alter your resistors to compensate.
In a typical LDO device, a transistor is used as a variable resistor to adjust the potential divider and achieve the desired output voltage.
There are other types of regulators that use different methods, but the common feature is the device regulates the output voltage to remain as constant as possible regardless of the load presented, or the input voltage.
The wiki page has more information than anyone would ever want
Comment: The simplest regulator is a Zener diode in place of one of the resistors.
Comment: @Norm True enough - but the idea that is just acting as a variable resistor is the same. Its been a while since I thought about zener diodes as regulators, I just throw a 3 pin LDO in =)
Answer:

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
Figure 1. Various voltage regulation circuits.
As you have discovered, the simple voltage divider of Figure 1a is not stable. Once a load is connected the voltage drops below the divider-only value and, worse, it varies depending on the load.
A simple voltage regulator can be formed using a Zener diode. These do not conduct in the reverse biased mode (as shone in Figure 1b) until the voltage rises above the breakdown voltage, 5.1 V in this case. The trick here is to set R4's value low enough to provide 5 V on the load at maximum load current. If the load current reduces then the voltage would tend to rise but D1 will break down and hold the voltage at 5.1 V. You will find plenty of reference material and tutorials online.
A three-terminal linear voltage regulator, Figure 1c, provides a very simple and cheap solution. The regulator circuit adjusts its "resistance" to maintain the output at its rated voltage, 5 V in the case of the 7805 regulator. The capacitors are required to prevent oscillations so don't be tempted to leave them out.
Note that all of these arrangements waste half the supplied energy as heat. Switching, rather than linear, regulators are much more efficient.
Comment: I feel like your user name should have spurred a different solution
Comment: "Oliver, you want MORE!"
Comment: "waste half" -> "waste at least half", some will be much worse.
Comment: @Transistor Yours is by far the best answer.
Comment: It might be useful to point out that the solution with the Zener can be much less efficient than the regulator, since it *always* draws the maximum current from the power supply, even if the load draws far less. The voltage regulator does not draw any more current than the load requires.
Comment: If you were a twin, would your name be "Darlington" ?
Answer: We can't build a circuit that will supply a perfect 5V to any possible load.
What we can do is build a circuit that will provide a sufficiently good approximation of 5V to a load whose current consumption is within a defined range of values.

The simplest soloution would be to reduce the values of the resistors in our voltage divider, the smaller the resistors the less sensitive the divider is to load. However this also increases the power wasted in the voltage divider. So it's not a good soloution.

The next step up is to replace the bottom resistor with a non-linear component, for example a reverse biased zener diode. The voltage across these components varies much less with current than the voltage across a resistor. So the current through the top resistor need only be slightly larger than the maximum current drawn by our load.

The next step up is to use an "emitter follower" to buffer the output of our resistor/zener combination. So the current drawn from the resistor/zener combination is much smaller than the current delivered to the load.
This is essentially the design of the most basic linear regulator, real regulators may have additional components but they are likely to have the same basic elements.
"Low drop out" regulators are a subset of linear regulators that are designed to work even when the input and output voltages are similar. A basic linear regulator design needs at least a couple of volts difference between input and output, low dropout designs can get that much lower.

The final option is a switching converter. A switching element is rapidly switched on and off and then an inductor/capacitor circuit is used to filter that into a stable voltage. This can be very efficient, but it adds substantial complexity and noise considerations.


How to Save and Restore the Iptables rule and configuration from file?

Question: I want to save the current iptables configuration to a file and restore it from a file.
I have a lot of rules and modifying the rules really hard for me.
So, how can i do that?!
Answer: If you want to modify the configuration and rules, so you must save the current configuration to a file.
So step one is to save the rules configuration by typing the following commands:
<code>$ sudo iptables-save > /root/my-iptables.rules
</code>
To restore it just use the command iptables-restore:
<code>$ sudo iptables-restore < /root/my-iptables.rules
</code>
⚠ When you changed the existing rules after saving the file, You should save it again or change the existing file and restore it from the file.
Answer: The first thing to point out, is that you should already be writing IP tables rules to a file, and restoring them from that file at start up - otherwise you will lose all of the rules when the server reboots.
The standard commands to do this on Debian are:
<code>sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables.up.rules
sudo iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules
</code>
DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE

If you make a change that breaks your networking, killing your access
to the server, then you can only recover by walking to the computer's
console, and logging in there to fix the problem.  If thats a Cloud
server, or in a different city / country / continent you have a bigger
problem.

The next issue that i want to cover, is if writing individual rules is hard, the config files just capture the same command that you would type into the terminal window. Using a configuration file does not reduce the complexity here.
Personally, I would use the existing file to help with the syntax (e.g. find something that already does something that i want to do), and then run that command manually in the shell, and verify that it does what i need it to do by testing the network connections carefully, and thoroughly.  I would then save rules, knowing that they are already working and tested.
If i messed up, a server reboot, using the management panel for the server would at least restore the previous IP table rules.


How to restore old screen power-off effect on android 5

Question: I upgraded to android 5 and the screen power off effect which was imitating power off of these old CRT monitors is lost. Is there any way for me to restore it?
Comment: I believe the only way to change it is to install a custom ROM that supports the effect you want.
Comment: You can try installing [Screen Dimmer](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sebmorand.brightcom&hl=en) application available over the Google Play Store. One more thing I can't understand about what screen dim effect you are talking about ?? Are you talking about the screen dimming effect over the JellyBean environment or your are talking about something else.
Comment: Nexus 5 comes with KitKat (4.x android) and this was the default effect when you turned off the display using power button.
Comment: Pardon me I need to correct myself over the above post actually I was talking about the KitKat but I seemed to have typed Jellybean above ! anyway I would say that's something which we can't change I would say I have tried searching for an application which can do this but it seemed that there's nothing I can find anyway better to wait a bit more while to see if others members have something which can help you out !
Answer: If you have rooted your device then Xposed Installer can do this.
Xblast tools & GravityBox are xposed modules that have crt off and many other effects.
Answer: The old way was to manipulate certain parts of the code in the framework-res.apk file and then update somethings in the build.prop of the device. Of course this was when I was running Gingerbread (2.3) on my Samsung device. As of now, you could look into the system packages of latest Cyanogenmod git branch/ or wait for CM12.


Have .htaccess dynamically get RewriteBase

Question: Depending on where I install my set of files, it seems like RewriteBase seems has to change accordingly if I install it in a subdirectory rather than at the www root.
For my configuration files, I use something like the following to allow for administrators to change the settings to suit their deployment environment.
$yaml = file_exists($yamldir) ? Spyc::YAMLLoad($yamldir) : array();
$default = array(
  'hostname' => 'mydomain.com',
  'base_uri' => '/sub/',
  'mysql_host' => 'localhost',
  'mysql_username' => 'root',
  'mysql_password' => '',
  'schema_name' => 'schema1',
  'table_name' => 'table1'
);

$config = array_merge($default, $yaml);

The config.yml is then SVN or git ignored as to allow for maximum flexibility. It seems like the best way to do it.
Is there an equivalent for the .htaccess file, to read (or better yet, parse) a configuration file that may or may not exist?
Background information
My .htaccess needs are incidentally quite simple in this case:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /sub

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [L]

It would be probably for the best if I used a Rails-style public directory instead of having an effectively "open" www root, but I can take care of that as needed. Is the RewriteBase even necessary in my case? I'm not sure it is. Even so, I can think of cases in the future where I have a more elaborate .htaccess, where I would be hard-pressed to find  a workaround for RewriteBase (or am I wrong in thinking this too?)
Answer: You probably should use a custom script for doing the rewrite:
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap
- External Rewriting Program


What are good alternatives to microtransactions?

Question: Recently, this question popped up on here, and it made me wonder if there was a better way to earn money from one's game without using microtransactions.
So, What are good alternatives to microtransactions?
Comment: What issue are you trying to solve? Reading the other question's answers higlights that the issue is _not_ with the microtransactions but how they're used.
Comment: How about googling "ways to monetize a game"?
Comment: You could add ads to your game for example
Answer: First of all, the microtransaction model of monetization is based around a few premises. It lends itself to games that are long, or continuous in nature, where players will come back for multiple sessions over a period of time. Arena games where you enter and exit a match several times in one sitting, or games with many stages that unlock in succession. A short, linear, story-based game would be less suitable if the players are going to play through it once and then put it on their (virtual) shelf. Also, in practice, it often relies on a curved demographic, where a few players are the source of most of the revenue, and most of the players are the source of very little revenue.*
Secondly, from the opposite perspective, microtransactions represent a certain type of revenue. With microtransactions, you are aiming for a smaller, more even stream of revenue over time, which lends itself to a continuous process of releasing small content updates over a longer period. You won't have a big pay-off from many players purchasing your game on launch after a long, draining development cycle like you could with a fixed price. And once you stop making new content to sell, the revenue may taper off.
With that context in mind, the alternative is going to depend on the type of experience you are monetizing.
Assuming that we want to consider only the type of game for which microtransactions are a good match to begin with, here are some different models:
Advertising:
Instead of small amounts of money, the player exchanges small amounts of time spent interacting with a third-party ad, and you get your small amounts of money from that third party. This is often combined with the option for the player to swap their roles around by paying a fee to bypass all future ads. This model aims for a similar goal of steady revenue over time, so it lends itself to game types where players continue to play over a period. You also get a similar effect to microtransactions where some players will opt to pay the fee to remove ads, which should be a fee that exceeds the expected revenue from the ads that player would have interacted with.
Subscription:
Less popular in today's mobile world, but works on the same premise of playing over a period of time in exchange for a fee over a period of time. The advantage and / or disadvantage of a subscription model is that revenue is more or less proportional to number of registered players. You won't earn any less if a player only plays occasionally while their subscription is running, but you also won't earn any more from enthusiastic big spenders (or whales*) who log in every day.
* I wouldn't necessarily trust the specific numbers quoted, but here are some articles about the phenomenon:
Social game "whales" are big spenders

The new report shows that about 10 percent of social game players actually spend money in Facebook games, according to a study of 2,000 people who were surveyed by Inside Network.

Only 0.15 percent of mobile gamers account for 50 percent of all in-game revenue

The group of gamers responsible for half of all in-game revenue in mobile titles is frightening because it is so narrow, according to a survey by Swrve, an established analytics and app marketing firm. About 0.15 percent of mobile gamers contribute 50 percent of all of the in-app purchases generated in free-to-play games.
Answer: You can put ads in game or make the players pay full price out front. I have to say, though, that microtransactions are not a bad thing, if done correctly.
I advise you to look at this video how to do so:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXA559KNopI
Basically, if you can finish the game without having to use cash, you can access all parts of gameplay and money buys the player cosmetic upgrades without giving them undue advantage over other players then you're good. Here's some more videos from the same authors on how it could be done badly:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBtXyv0Q1Eg
Another two:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwI0u9L4R8U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mhz9OXy86a0


Eating on the Palace on Wheels, in Rajasthan, India if I have dietary restrictions

Question: I've heard a lot about the train that was owned by a Maharaja and has become a major tourist attraction. I'm gluten allergic and have other dietary restrictions. I'm wondering if cooped up in a train would be a problem and even though the web site says they can accommodate dietary restrictions, how much flexibility is available. I'd like to hear from folks who have been on it.
Comment: About the close votes on this: I don't think this qualifies as opinion-based since there's an objective yes-or-no answer to factors such as gluten-free food.
Answer: I can't give you any specific information about the Palace on Wheels, but I can tell you that Indian's are very accommodating to people with dietary restrictions.  Indian culture encourages individuality in religious practice, and that individuality often shows up as self imposed dietary restrictions (Gandhi is an excellent example).  In rural parts of India you will have difficulty communicating your specific dietary restrictions, but the Palace on Wheels is generally something that only foreign tourists or wealthy English speaking Indians take.  So, I expect that you won't have any problems getting properly fed aboard the train.
Comment: It might be needed to warn them ahead of time, so they have the right alternatives handy rather than having to improvise. (They can not run out to a shop, if traveling.)
Comment: Unfortunately it will depend much more on the dietary restrictions in question than this answer makes it seem.  There are dietary restrictions that they will just not understand - which can make it exceedingly hard to get anyone to accommodate.  I've seen this when the problem is specific spices, or something that was trace amounts to begin with - something larger is easier to avoid.


Drilling conical holes into Wood (Lathe)

Question: I need to drill conical holes that are narrow at the deep and and wider at the top into cylindrical bars. The measurements need to be very precise. I was thinking of using a narrow drill for the entire depth of the hole and a wider drill for the first 1-2mm, then sticking the piece into a lathe and try to make the taper to the best of my abilities with a few hand tools (round file, grinding stick).
Comment: What scale are we dealing with here?  a 1/2" stick?  a 3" stick?  how accurate do you need the holes to be?  What is the size of the holes needed?  Not enough info for me to give a reasonable answer yet.  In theory it could work, but... ?
Comment: Making tapered holes in wood is actually quite a common need in various areas & there are special tools for the job, which can be bought or made in the workshop. But, these tend to be for through holes and this is a stopped hole which changes the requirements a little. But since you have a lathe this is a fairly trivial turning operation. With just a little practice you could flare a drilled hole by hand with a suitable scraper and get good accuracy, but a custom-made boring tool that you simply push into the wood a fixed distance would make the job far easier and accuracy would be assured.
Comment: *"The measurements need to be very precise."* How precise? Your idea of "very precise" and that of other people are going to vary, so you need to specify.
Answer:
I was thinking of using a narrow drill for the entire depth of the hole and a wider drill for the first 1-2mm

It'd probably be best to do the whole operation on the lathe. That'll ensure that the initial holes and subsequent work are all centered on the same spot. If you have access to a metal lathe, use that; it'll let you set the taper angle you want and reproduce it. If you only have a wood lathe, consider making a jig that mounts to the tool rest and guides a tool along the desired angle.
Comment: +1. My idea to easily get the taper is with a custom tool. I'm envisaging a simple plunge operation, rather than needing to rely on the taper-cutting ability of a metalworking lathe (using the compound?)
Comment: @Graphus Agree... custom tool or custom tool guide amount to nearly the same thing -- the main thing is to eliminate as many sources of variability as possible. A metal late would really be perfect since it already has all that.
Comment: Yeah, metal lathes have a lot of in-built functionality that make them really great for a few turning operations (minus the problems with wood chips on the ways/in the lead screw or whatever).


Unhappiness due to revived corpses

Question: I had a person die in the diner, and revived him after quite some time. Now everyone that wasn't dead is unhappy because there's "a corpse in the room" but there isn't. He's alive working next to them. Any remedies? Game glitch?
Comment: Have you tried moving the revived dweller out of the room and then back in?
Comment: I tried moving the revived dweller out and back in, all of the people who were present, out and back in. And even replaced all the unhappy dwellers with other dwellers, they began to lose their unhappiness as well.
Comment: I had to remove the whole fully upgraded dinner 3-square just to fix it. What a waste of caps.
Answer: I found a solution for this (I think) but it requires more testing.
First, find the dweller who died in the room. You can usually tell because s/he's happy to be working in it, but anyone else who works there becomes miserable.
Keep rushing until you get a radroach infestation. This should not be difficult. Don't let it spread, but let it kill the dweller who died.
Immediately revive the dweller, then solve the radroach problem. I don't think order matters but that's how I did it. After a revive, room should work as normal.
Tested on one of my screwed up rooms and this seemed to work. Have one more to try it on, will report back if results differ.
Comment: I also encountered this problem and this solved it for me. It didn't take long too long to figure out which dweller it was, and after letting him die and reviving, it took only a few minutes to see their happiness go flying back up. Edit: For what it's worth, this was also in my diner.
Comment: Currently have this bug in my Fitness Studio. Can't rush, and all 6 of them complain about the corpse. So I've taken away their weapons. I'll let em all die next invasion, before I demolish and kiss those caps goodbye.
Answer: This appears to be a bug, however you can effectively "reset" the label mis-representing your dweller as dead.

Look for the dweller who had previously died. This will likely be the dweller with the highest happiness in that group.
Send the other dwellers into a nearby room.
Continuously rush the room with your buggy dweller, so that incidents break out, and let your buggy dweller die.
Bring all the other dwellers back into the room, while your buggy dweller is still dead.
Revive the buggy dweller.

It appears that other dwellers can still perceive a newly-resurrected dweller as dead. However, repeating the above process has fixed the issue, for me.
Answer: I destroyed that room (I had it on 3rd lvl and 3 rooms merged) and build it again. Fixed the problem. Problem isnt dwellers only the room.
Answer: Just as a suggestion:

restart the game (close it from background, lock your phone, unlock it and start it again). Normally this should get it back to normal.
try to move the undead dweller to another room or better, send him in the outlands and call him back.

Normally this should work.
Comment: I tried all of the above suggestions, still hasn't reset for me. I'd hate to have to demolish the diner just to increase happiness and productivity
Comment: But can you move him to another room? Do the people in the newer room say it too? Are they said about the dead man too?
Comment: I can move him. Post him out in the wasted and have him come home. Have him work in other rooms. He can even be present in the room he died in and not be affected. No other room is he deemed a "corpse" and present or not. The group comments about a corpse in the diner
Comment: Another idea is to move the people out of the dinner to another room and move them back. Maybe those are broken. Not the undead one.
Answer: I had the same problem! For me it was solved when I upgraded the room next to it and the two rooms merged.

Unhappiness due to revived corpses


Can an intelligent clockwork creature wind itself?

Question: If a clockwork construct has both intelligence and its own key, can it wind itself?
Like the damascene drow... It has 13 intelligence.
Comment: Does the conservation of energy apply?
Comment: Trish, noone wants your 'physics' here. We want clockwork automotons. And magic. =P
Answer: Only if they have their own key
Clockwork keys are not fixed on the creature, they are just like door keys (see some examples) and each will fit into a different creature. As such, they may be taken away, usually by their creator. Though a single key may work on several clockworks.
This is explained on the general bestiary entry for Clockwork creatures:

Clockwork creations, as their names suggests, must be wound up before they animate. The creator of a clockwork crafts a unique key for each creation. This key is typically inserted into the clockwork's back and turned clockwise to wind it. Turning the key counterclockwise has the effect of winding the machine down, though only a willing (or completely helpless) machine will allow itself to be unwound in this way, meaning either its creator or someone its creator has specifically designated can normally do so. Since each key is totally unique, construction of a new key (or bypassing a key entirely) requires a successful Disable Device check (DC = 20 + the clockwork's CR). Larger clockworks tend to have larger keys, and particularly huge keys require more than one set of hands to turn. Rather than seek assistance from other engineers, eccentric or hermetic inventors often rely upon other clockwork creations to help them turn keys or aid in the creation of more monumental constructs. Other times, engineers give copies of keys to their most trusted clockworks, which can be programmed to wind allies and even themselves as the situation requires.

This explains how it works in general. Most clockworks, if given their own key, can wind up themselves or even allies. But without a key, they can't do anything. There may be exceptions to this, like clockworks that do not require a key, or even those who cannot wind themselves.
I know of one example on a published adventure path (Mummy Mask #3) where the clockworks may wind each other, but not themselves. They were given their own keys and are the standard clockwork servants (which have no mention of this), but they were built in a way that it's impossible for them to wind up themselves, so they were given orders to wind up each other and guard a certain place.
Answer: Considering Damascene Drow has the ability to apply maintenance on itself

While not requiring food, drink, or sleep, the automaton requires periodic maintenance to their body. This process takes one hour of time and involves cleaning components, adjusting fit of gears and repairing any damaged parts, and reapplying lubricants. This requires an hour of time and a Disable Device (DC15). Failure results in needing to repeat the task. The automaton may do this procedure to itself, but the difficulty of the Disable Device (DC25) rises and an additional Sleight of Hand (DC25) check is required due to the difficulty of reaching parts.

I would say you can do it with a succesful DC 25 Sleight of Hand check made to be able to reach your winding part. In this check you can take 20 as there is no penalty for failing to do it.
Answer: The general rule for Clockwork Construct is:

Winding: The construct must be wound with a special key in order to function. As a general rule, a fully wound clockwork can remain active for 1 day per HD, but shorter or longer durations are possible.

Nothing about the clockwork being unable to do that itself, so it would be able to, under the conditions you stated.
About the damascene drow... actually it is not a Clockwork Construct but a Clockwork Automaton. However it works quite the same:

Anyone may wind an automaton, provided they have a key, or the necessary skills to complete the task.

Anyone, so it includes the automaton itself, if it has the disable device skill (the damascene drow gets racial bonus in it, going easily to +14 by putting 6 ranks, more than it needs to succeed at the DC20 check by taking 10).
Clockwork automatons also need maintenance but this part is explicitly possible to perform by the automaton itself (but with increased DCs for the skill ckecks).


Is there a shortcut to go to the YouTube search bar?

Question: Suppose I am watching a video on YouTube and want to watch another video. Is there a way to go to the search bar directly with a keyboard shortcut? I don't want to grab my mouse, focus on the small bar and go back to the keyboard again.
Answer: It's the forward-slash key (/).
This also works for searching in Google Maps.
Source for this and other YouTube keyboard shortcuts:
https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/7631406?hl=en
Comment: On a German keyboard, it's the hash key (`#`).
Answer: If you are within the focus of Flash, all your keyboard shortcuts do not work. All of these are limited to Flash, so tab will switch between different features of the player. (See this Superuser question.)
If you do alt+tab and then alt+tab again to regain focus of the browser, your keyboard controls are back; maybe a single tab or couple of tabs after that will take you to YouTube search.
Answer: This depends on your browser.
For Firefox, while a video is playing, press the TAB key to get the cursor in the search bar.
For IE9, while a video is playing, you need to press the TAB key 5 times to go inside the search bar.
Comment: I am using firefox, but this trick doesn't work all the time. It works if you just clicked a link and are watching a video directly. But when you have paused and played the video or did some other actions in the flash menu, the `TAB` button will continue from there.
Comment: Oh I see but there is no native YouTube shortcut to go inside the search bar. This is the only solution that I can think of.
Comment: Well that's a pity. I was hoping for some special secret nobody knew of.
Answer: Unfortunately, there is not a specific shortcut but this is the only way I can think of instead:
For Firefox: press Alt+D, then Tabx3 while you are on YouTube.
For Chrome: press Alt+D, then Tabx1 while you are on YouTube.
Answer: Forward-slash (/) doesn't work for me unfortunately. But there are extensions like Search Box Focus that actually work on any website, including  Youtube. Though, you have to use Chrome or a browser that allows you to install chrome extensions such as Opera.
Answer: For Chrome, press the TAB button 3 x.
Comment: This simply doesn't work - if it works at all it will be dependent on which element currently has focus.


Loud Click sound from left brake

Question: My Left brake makes a loud click sound at low speed when I apply brakes. I have taken it to three different garages and got changed front both sides (L&R) calipers, brakes, shimmers,brake disks and caliper carriers. The brake pads and shimmers were changed twice in 2 months and the click sound persists. No mechanic is able to fix the click sound despite changing all the essential components of the braking system. I am getting frustrated now. The garages I have taken my car to are of good repute and the mechanics are experienced, but no one can figure out the cause of the click sound from the left brake. It's Chevrolet Cruze saloon 1.6 model 2009.
Comment: Is it just one click each time you apply the brakes, or does it repeat?
Comment: Wheel bearings, CV joints, the backing plates, tie rod ends, upper and lower ball joints, even the tires/wheels themselves could be the problem here.  It's really hard to know for sure.  Check everything!
Comment: Possibly the pads are moving in the caliper - been known to cause sounds like that before.
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair!
Answer: Unable to add a comment due to low rep therefore responding through these means.
If you are getting an issue at low speeds. May be worth a go, to try replicate the issue. Whereby the car being on a lift, get someone to spin your front wheels (if it's coming from that region) applying the brakes lightly to try and pin point where exactly the noise is coming from?
Not sure about your braking system/make up of it. Potentially also worth a look, maybe have a look at your parking brake cable/linkage, do you have rear drum or disc brakes?
Personally I messed up a sort of holder on my right side parking brake cable when removing my rear brake disc and pad nearly two years ago. The cable goes through a middle insert before being attached to the rear brake system. Sometimes when I apply the brakes it "catches" which at times makes a similar sound, so the issue could be in a related system and not just the direct brake system where apparent.

Loud Click sound from left brake


Can I counter a land-creature?

Question: Say my opponent plays Dryad Arbor. Can I counter it with a Cancel from my hand? I know that lands can't be countered because they don't go on the stack, but what about land-creatures?
Answer: The short answer is that Dryad Arbor can't be countered because it can only be played as a land, not a spell. Here's the supporting statement from the card's Oracle rulings:

Dryad Arbor is played as a land. It doesn't use the stack, it's not a
  spell, it can't be responded to, it has no mana cost, and it counts as
  your land play for the turn.

And the card's reminder text:

(Dryad Arbor isn't a spell, it's affected by summoning sickness, and
  it has "{T}: Add {G} to your mana pool.")

If you prefer rules over rulings, let's start with the rule saying you can't counter land:

305.1. ... Playing a land is a special action; it doesn't use the stack (see rule 115). Rather, the player simply puts the land onto the
  battlefield. Since the land doesn't go on the stack, it is never a
  spell, and players can't respond to it with instants or activated
  abilities.

Moreover, you'll want to note this section of the comp rules:

305.9. If an object is both a land and another card type, it can be played only as a land. It can't be cast as a spell.

Essentially, this rule is saying that the Land card type overrides the normal behavior of the various spell card types.
This rather esoteric rule isn't actually required for Dryad Arbor to work the way that it does -- simply having no listed mana cost would mean that you can't play it like a normal spell, while being of the Land type would allow it to be played as a land. My best guess as to why it's there is that the original multi-typed lands, Mirrodin's artifact lands, were much more "land" than "spell," so this was codified in the rules for playing them. I take it as not so much saying that a land with a mana cost would still be uncastable as precluding the existence of such a card altogether.
Comment: What's the difference between rule and ruling?
Comment: @Pacerier The comprehensive rules are the actual rules of the game. Rulings in Oracle are statements about how to _apply_ those rules correctly to the case at hand. Basically answers to common judge questions.
Comment: Ic, so rulings are the rules on how The Rules should be interpreted and have more weight than The Rules in terms of correctness and accuracy. So shouldn't you quote the rulings instead because they would have more authority over The Rules?
Comment: this is also the case of artifact lands that are also not spells and cannot be countered by annuls

Can I counter a land-creature?


Convert Question to Community Wiki?

Question: How do I request that a thread like this From .NET developer to SharePoint developer - Can it happen? be turned into a community wiki thread?  Its not really a question that can be answered by one person?
Answer: You can flag the question for moderator attention and include a message requesting the question be converted. I went ahead and converted it.
Comment: Got it.  Looked at the flag options, and none of them seemed to fit.
Comment: Right, you'd have to use the "Other" category.

Convert Question to Community Wiki?


Cooling time query ABS

Question: I printed Thingiverse "Benchy" at the default Anet settings for ABS, hot end and bed, as a first test. The result was fair but needs a bit of tweeking. The model was removed from the "hot bed" and set aside to cool (room temp 23degC). However when I took the model to work next day (to show off obviously) the poor wee soul looked more like the wreck of the Hesparus with cracking across many of the layers. Any thoughts? Splitting was on the side closest to the fan.
Answer: As you may already know, ABS is one of the trickiest materials to print with, partly because of its high thermal coefficient, which in turns leads with warping and cracks when not dealt with properly.
The keys to successfully deal with this aspect of ABS are two: cooling it slowly and cooling it uniformly. Typically you achieve this by using an enclosure.
Enclosures can range in quality and price dramatically: there are professional grade ones that are fire and sound proof, maintain a negative pressure, filter the exhaust air and cost a few thousands euros... or you could get away with something as simple as using a cardboard box.  Probably, one of the most common solutions is to use an IKEA lack table and some acrylic or wooden panes as it provides a durable, effective solution at a very low cost.
Anyway: the reason why an enclosure works is because it traps the air that has been heated by your heating bed, thus "immersing" the full print (not just the bottom layer) in it.  In turn, this means that:

The difference between the extruded temperature and the final one is less.
The gradient of temperatures across the height of the printer volume is also less.
The print is shielded by random air drafts, like the one you would generate by approaching the printer to check it
When you stop applying heat (print is over, heating bed off) the print will cool very gently.

Now, about that fan...  Using a fan actually increases the speed at which your part cools, so - intuitively - one may believe a fan is a bad idea with ABS.  However a fan is essential if your print has any type of non-trivial overhangs, and - in general - prints done using a fan (in any material) have better details.  Again, with an enclosure, using a fan is seldom a problem as your fan will cool the ABS rapidly but only down to the temperature of the air in the enclosure (most commonly somewhere between 50°C and 80°C).
If your print is very small (like a benchy) and you don't want to try with an enclosure, you could still try to improve your situation by:

simply reducing the speed of the fan (so to only "partially cool" the part)
using a fan duct that distributes the air jet more heavenly around the extruded filament.  Typically these are 3D printable parts that you find in forums and groups of a given printer model users.  Here's a semi-circular one for the Anet A8, for example.

Cooling time query ABS


on proper thermometer poking?

Question: When you use a thermometer and poke a large hole in the meat, can you use the same hole to accurately gauge temperature later on?
Comment: Why don't you run some tests and report the results :-)
Comment: well, it worked for my turkey -- used the same hole, took it out at 155 (breast) and the whole thing coasted to 160. win
Answer: I wouldn't recommend that, most likely it will alter the results somehow.
But why do you get huge holes? My Instant Read Thermometer makes only little holes, so you don't kill your steak etc. again. When you have an older meat thermometer, most likely it is designed to stay in the oven the whole cooking time.
Answer: I use the same hole if what I am checking is large, like a loaf of bread, and I don't want to poke it full of holes...although with my instant read thermometer, the hole is not particularly large.
If the hole is a large proportion to the item (big hole in the side of a cookie...I know, absurd, but you get the idea) where you think heat can run down that tunnel you've made, then be concerned, but I can't imagine any situations where it is likely that the thermometer hole is going to let enough heat in to alter the cooking.
I CAN imagine a situation where a thermometer in place could help transmit heat to the center and make it, potentially, cook quicker.  We used to put a large nail in the center of a potato that we were baking in the coals of a fire so that the steel would help transmit heat to the center of the potato to make sure it got done evenly, but I don't know how much of a difference even THAT made.
Comment: My family have always had specifically designed potato spikes for cooking baked potatoes. (see: http://www.kitchenaria.com/images/uploads/potato_baker_spike.jpg) I was quite old before I found out that some people cooked them without.  It is such an efficient method of cooking them I thought it was normal.

on proper thermometer poking?


Why data falsification / fabrication is found after degree is awarded?

Question: I saw on the internet that many degrees are revoked due to data falsification, but the question here is: how come colleges cant identify data falsification or manipulation before the degree is awarded? Do colleges have to wait for another person to report the misconduct and waste time and money?
Comment: "many degrees are revoked due to data falsification" - can you provide some context or citation for that statement? How do you define "many"?
Comment: Sometimes data falsification _is_ identified before a degree is awarded. Are you asking why it isn't _always_ detected then?
Comment: yes, my question is why isn't it always detected?
Comment: @bryan krause search on google
Answer: There are two things to consider, in my mind, when thinking about your question.
The first is the possibility for sampling bias. If someone is caught falsifying data prior to their degree being awarded, they are likely expelled - and it's unlikely for the work to ever see the light of day. These detections are largely "silent", while the flashier ones that involve clawing back degrees, retracting papers, etc. are likely over-represented.
The other issue is to consider how data fabrication is detected. On a crude level, it's a function of both time and the number of people looking at the work. Inherently there's more time post-graduation than pre-graduation. There's also a larger number of people looking at it, especially if the work is being published. So if the detection of any given fraudulent work has a fairly low probability per person interacting with the work, it's entirely reasonable that the majority of these cases would arise after a degree is awarded.
Answer: In some fields only a few people see the work before the degree is awarded and they may miss things since nobody knows everything. After the degree is awarded, and especially when publications result at that point, lots of people get to look and they may notice anomalies.
I suspect it is less of a problem in fields in which there is a lot of publication of data and results prior to publication and also less in fields (mathematics) that don't usually depend on things that can be easily falsified.
Sadly, some practitioners seem to believe that they can only succeed with "positive" results and so, when they get the opposite, try to fudge the data. This may be difficult to detect without a lot of eyes.
Comment: @CarlosVarasTello There is a lot of trust in science, mostly resting on the very severe career consequences if that trust is violated. Peer review asks whether the results are presented appropriately given the data. If the data themselves are fabricated, it may not be knowable unless the results cannot be reproduced. Some statistical methods can be used to estimate when data are not likely produced by natural means, but their utility depends on how clever the fabrication is.
Comment: however, data falsification is mostly detected in medicine, chemistry and psychology.  Isn't it supposed to be a better review because of the field before publication?


German words related to the theme "Love as a sickness": Liebeskrank u. Liebeskummer

Question: In English and Italian there are words and phrases such as lovesick or malato d'amore, which directly come from the analogy love as a sickness. Since this are very common expressions, I was wondering, if in German there are some similar phrases or words, which refer to the same analogy.
On Duden I found liebeskrank and Liebeskummer. I am not sure about their popularity and if people actually would say something like that to describe people who are in love. Concerning Liebeskummer, I think it refers only to a sadness condition caused by love rejection and not really to an actual sickness, am I right?
Are there other such expressions?
Comment: Meist beschreibt Liebeskummer nur eine getrübte Stimmung. In Einzelfällen kann dies aber auch eine schwere Störung und somit eine Krankheit sein. Liebeskrank dagegen erwarte ich eher in Situationen, in denen die Liebe nicht enttäuscht ist, also eine Art Furor mit getrübter Urteilskraft usw. . Krank vor Eifersucht kann man auch noch sein.
Comment: Liebeskrank ist (at least around here) not in common use, Liebeskummer is used even for really strong cases (think suicidal depression because of heartbreak).
Answer: For the words you suggested:

Liebeskrank refers to being so much in love that you can't make rational decisions or as DUDEN describes it:

sich aus Verliebtheit in einem Zustand der Übererregtheit befindend

Liebeskummer refers to a depressed feeling because of (rejected) love, again DUDEN:

durch eine unglückliche Liebesbeziehung verursachte gedrückte Stimmung

Other words that I would sugest:

Herzschmerz refers to pain in the heart but is often used similarly to Liebeskummer in colloquial.
gebrochenes Herz (german for "broken heart") is sometimes used similarly to Liebeskummer, although not as a noun. Example:

Sie hat mein Herz gebrochen.

Other suggestions:

verrückt vor Liebe (german for "madly in love")
liebestoll (again german for "madly in love", adj) which has almost the same meaning as "verrückt vor Liebe".

These last two refer more to the feeling at the beginning of or before a relationship rather than afterwards.
The usage of these terms varies by location, age of author/speaker and hundreds of other parameters.
Most of the given examples are only used by people with an much bigger vocabulary than what's used in most conversations.
Comment: Two other expression that are less strong are 'verrückt vor Liebe sein' or 'liebestoll sein' (both mean roughly 'being madly in love' or 'behaving crazy because of love')
Answer: Here is what my German teenager says.
Liebeskummer is commonly used in Germany today, even among teenagers.  Often Liebeskummer is used when a couple breaks up and then you are heartbroken and cry a lot.  Liebeskummer is not an actual sickness -- it is just a saying.
Liebeskrank on the other hand she never heard about and says that this must not be commonly used.
Now, if you were looking for a German translation of the American slang "bae" (or "crush") then the term is "Schwarm".  So, imagine that a boy really likes a girl, but isn't dating her -- she would be his "Schwarm".  This would be the closest German term to the English word "lovesick".


How to make SONY NEX F3 pictures display the date it was taken at the bottom right corner?

Question: Is there a way to make SONY NEX F3 pictures display the date it was taken?
Comment: Do you want this displayed on the camera LCD, temporarily as you are reviewing them, or to be actually written visibly on to the photos for printing or sharing?
Comment: This is definitely something you should find out from the manual. Look for anything that says *Date* in the table of contents.
Answer: [NOTE: When I first answered this, I was thinking NEX-3 rather than NEX-F3, so the information about available controls is likely not the same. I will leave the information for NEX-3 owners, but if you have the NEX-F3 (a much more expensive and capable version of the NEX camera series), my myopic observations may not apply.]
If the pictures are still in the camera:  Press the Play button (the right arrow in a box on top of the camera) to bring up the previews of previous pictures, and rotate the rear control to get to the image you want to check. On the top rim of the dial control on back, press the DISP part of the ring repeatedly to advance through the various display options. One view will have very little printed info on the image, the next view will add in the information about the date, shutter speed, aperture and other EXIF data recorded when you took the picture. The last mode shows histograms of the color channels along with the EXIF data.
If you have already downloaded the pictures: For a Windows system, just right click on the desired image in the directory it was downloaded to and select Properties, then in the Properties window select the Details tab. This will show you the same information that is stored in each JPEG image. Hoping this helps...
Answer: According to the camera manual, Sony NEX F3 does not have a feature for superimposing dates on images. By using "PlayMemories Home" on the CD-ROM (supplied), you can print or save images with the date.
Answer: -In the software that shipped with the camera, Sony PlayMemories, there is an option to "print date taken" in the print window.
-This can be done using Lightroom, and the post-process plug-in Mogrify 2 (free)
http://photographers-toolbox.com/products/lrmogrify2.php?sec=main
Mogrify 2 allows you to add a watermark to your images, which can include many things, such as the Date from the EXIF image data.
-Finally, search Google for Photoshop scripts, as there many to choose from.
-Many other software packages provide this feature, such as Photoshop Elements, etc.


iPhone or Apple Watch as an external keyboard for an iPad

Question: I'm interested in using a 3rd party app (GoodNotes) for a presentation on my iPad. When a keyboard is connected to the iPad, clicking the right arrow will advance to the next page/slide. However, I do not want to carry a full bluetooth keyboard while presenting.
Is there any way to emulate a bluetooth keyboard from my Apple Watch or iPhone such that I can control the iPad? Or, is there another way to control the iPad with an AppleWatch or iPhone?
I've found one possible solution called WeBe++, but I would like to do this without jailbreaking the iPhone.
I realize that many keyboard and mouse emulation apps are available, but these require a host application to be installed and therefore do not work on the iPad. They do work well between an iOS device and a Mac.
In case no solution to the above is available, I would consider other solutions that combine the AppleWatch and iPad, or iPhone and iPad. I also looked at PowerPoint and the WatchOS app, but it requires the iPhone to be the presenting device. I will need to the ability to draw on the iPad during the presentation with an Apple Pencil and I would like to save the notes after the presentation.
Answer: In order to make an iPhone appear as a Bluetooth keyboard/mouse/HID you need to jailbreak it. It is not possible to an iPhone as a keyboard as of today running iOS 11.0.x.


Tag suggestion/inquiry

Question: Are there tags to specify that a language is for fiction the asker is writing as opposed to an "official" language (esperanto for example)?
Answer: Such conlangs are sometimes called "artlangs" - we don't have a tag for that currently, but it could be appropriate.
The design-goals tag could also be appropriate, depending on the question.
Answer: In addition to what curiousdannii mentioned, it should be noted that we currently have specific tags for established conlangs (e.g., esperanto, lojban, toki-pona,tolkien-elvish, etc.) rather than having a separate tag for questions that are relevant to a user's own conlanging. Those questions can be far more varied than questions about popular existing conlangs and should be tagged for other properties of the question (e.g., using design-goals for questions regarding how to achieve particular purposes in one's own conlang, using naturalism for questions about whether features one plans on including in one's conlang are naturalistic, etc.).

Tag suggestion/inquiry


Usage of -さ with そうな

Question: I was learning about adjectives + さ, which turns them into a noun; as I understand it, a "measurable" quantity .  I then thought of how X そうです could be turned into an adjective, X そうな Y, so I was wondering whether if さ could also be applied here.  If so, is this something actively used in the language?  If not, what sort of limitations does さ have in general that prevents such an usage?
Comment: I don't quite understand your question, but what you are looking for might be らしさ.
Comment: @YangMuye  Since そうな is an adjective - e.g. as in here: これはおいしそうなケーキです- does it make any sense if we modified it with ~さ (as in 大きい -> 大きさ)?  That's the gist of it.  Personally, I'm a bit doubtful about this being the case. However, if not, that leads to my follow-up question: what other kinds of adjectives cannot be modified this way?  Hope this cleared it up a bit.
I'll look into らしさ, thanks.
Comment: ~べきだ・~ようだ・~そうだ are auxiliary verbs that さ cannot be attached to, as far as I know. They are mainly used at the end of a sentence. Not every word that conjugates like an adjective has the さ form. Some words that do not conjugate like normal adjectives can be attached to by さ. e.g. 大胆, 突然, 必死, etc.  They are sometimes known as ノ形容詞.
Comment: @YangMuye  I figured that was the case, thanks for clarifying.
Comment: @YangMuye I would like to encourage you to write answers as answers rather than comments :-)
Comment: @snailboat, OK, I will try write more answers. When I write a comment, it's usually just my feeling and I don't have any references to support me.
Comment: @Lost, just for my clarification, are you wondering if it is possible to say something like おいしそうさ (noun) or おいしさそう (adjective)?
Comment: I found a few Japanese tweets using 「美味しそうさ」as a noun phrase, such as [this one](https://twitter.com/momomomoren/status/468390454820499456) and [this one](https://twitter.com/chu5838/status/468002528919949312).
Comment: @YangMuye Sorry for the late reply, but I was thinking more along the lines of the former: おいしそうさ
Answer: I don't think this is a very good question but rather than ignore it,  I will try to explain why in an answer.
First let's confirm what you are asking:
Grammatically "i-adjectives" and "na-adjectives" can combine with そう to form new na-adjectives which decribe how a situation seems (as opposed to actually is). Examples include:
おいしい ー> おいしそう(な)|delicious -> looks delicious
元気(な)ー> 元気そう(な)| healthy -> seems healthy
These adjectives can also combine with さ in a similar fashion:
おいしい ー> おいしさ|delicious-ness (how delicious it is)
元気(な)ー> 元気さ | healthiness
You have noticed that the -そう combinations are all "na-adjectives" and grammatically could be combined with さ to form some kind of noun and want to know if this happens.
Well, grammatically, we just demonstrated it is possible, and somebody has even found a tweet with such a combination.  But, it is the first time I have seen such a construction used.   It is certainly not something I have noticed before or been taught, although, like you, I might have played around with the combination in my own mind.
But, more importantly, what "words" did you have in mind and how did you foresee this construction being used? If you considered this and showed it in your question then it would have been more valid.
Conceptually it might be easier to look at the English equivalents: "looks delicious" is fine. "How nice it is" is better than "delicious-ness" but the latter is still understandable, and an equivalent might exist in another language.  But, can you really go to the next stage and come up with a similar word in English ("looks-delicious-ness") that you would expect to find in Japanese? We could say "how delicious it looks", but this is a phrase and by itself sounds more like an assertion. You might conclude that the concept has to be expressed differently (in both languages).
Japanese is very different from English so sometimes one does get a surprising answer - somebody might read this and tell me that I am completely wrong and although I have not noticed it, ~そうさ(な)is a valid construction often used.. but I am not expecting that to happen.
It also important to focus on developing a practical feel for how the language works. If you have got to the level of studying these constructions then I would have thought you have a sense of how they are used and how many theoretical combinations and conjugations are possible.  So, just like English, once things get unwieldy, there is probably a better, simpler way of saying it.
Let's take another example:
高い|expensive.
高そう|looks expensive
高そうさ|"looks expensive-ness" (it does not really work in English either)
Now if we really want to ask someone how expensive does something look, what would we say?:
高そうさはいくら/どのぐらいですか?
or
どのぐらい/どんなに高そうですか
The second sounds more natural to me, although I have never heard it said, and there may well be a better way of saying it.
Comment: I didn't have any word in mind, it's just something that I thought of when I was learning about ーさ.  I did expect that it wouldn't be used, but the construct hasn't appeared nearly enough in order for me to be able to get a feel for it.  As Earthliŋ says, the question boils down to a semantic one: why not? I only have two semesters behind me, so I can hardly call myself experienced enough to understand how the Japanese say things.  Thanks for taking the time to write an answer.
Answer: I think one needs to distinguish two uses of ~そう. The one appears after a stem form, and is a derivational suffix of the na-adjectival class (NA). The other one appears after a fully inflected expression, and is thus particle (P). Here are two examples:
<code> a. その店、おいしそうだ。(NA)
    That shop looks tasty. (i.e. the food they sell there)
 b. その店、おいしいそうだ。(P)
    That shop's supposed to be tasty.
</code>
In (a) the assumption for tastiness is derived from personal knowledge, in particular from looking at something. Technically, this is called "evidentiality". In (b) the knowledge is derived from hearsay, i.e. we've heard from someone that something is to be the case.
Only the ~そう in (a) can appear with ~な:
<code> c.  おいしそうな店だ。(NA)
     a shop with tasty looking food
 d.* おいしいそうな店だ。(P)
     a shop I heard is tasty
</code>
Expression (d) is not possible, which is what the appearance of the asterisk * tells us.
Concerning the combination of these two expressions with ~さ, this happens only in two cases. The adjective 良い(いい・よい) only has one mora in the stem. ~さ appears between ~そう(な)and 良い. See here:
<code> e. それは良さそうだ。
    That seems good.
 f. 良さそうなもの
    something that seems good
</code>
There is one other adjective, namely 無い(ない), that also has only one stem mora. And again we find that ~さ serves to lengthen the adjective in order to let ~そう(な)appear:
<code> g. そういう提案は無さそうだ。
    Such a proposal doesn't seem to exist.
 h. 経験のあまり無さそうな人
    a person who doesn't seem to have much experience
</code>
Then there is, of course, also the negation suffix ~な(い), which also has only one stem mora. Personally I do insert ~さ but that may be considered substandard (see here). Still I'd say this:
<code> i. 彼は来なさそうだ。
    He doesn't seem to come.
 j. 彼は来なさそうなタイプだ。
    He's the type who doesn't seem to come.
</code>
And the people in my environment, who all happen to be Japanese, do so, too.
Answer: Firstly, I searched Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ, http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon) and all results were either

そうさ (as in そうだよ)
ごち そうさ ま
そうさ せる and its conjugations.

Here is why I think ~そう+さ as you suggested cannot exist. It would consist of two parts, where

~さ is describing a quality, an objective fact about someone/something
~そう is describing a feeling, a subjective assessment of someone/something

By some general principle in Japanese of subjective feelings being orthogonal to objective facts (see this question: When to use 欲しがる instead of 欲しい), you cannot combine そう and さ. Grammatically, そう works just like other na-adjectives, so there's no syntactical reason to assume you can't append さ to it. This is a semantic obstruction.
Comment: This is what I expected the problem with using it would be.  Thanks for the answer.
Comment: I would say ほしさ is perfectly valid. So is ~らしさ, but only in limited situations. さ does not work well with some prefixes, such as 不, 非, nor some suffixes, such as げ, そう. It is not easy to find a general rule, but you can look them  up in [大辞泉](http://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%84%AA%E3%81%97%E3%81%84?dic=daijisen&oid=18467900) and [大辞林](http://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%84%AA%E3%81%97%E3%81%84?dic=daijirin&oid=DJR_yasasii_-010) which list the common derivations of a word.

Usage of -さ with そうな


Elo-aH - Feminine or not?

Question: I had been taught that Elokim is a unification of Divine Feminine and Masculine from the root Elo-aH. Is this the case or is the Name Elo-aH also masculine?
Answer: No.

ּוַיִּטֹּש אֱלוֹהַּ עָשָׂהו
Devarim 32:15

עשהו is masculine; the feminine version would probably be ּעָשָׂתְהו (or maybe עָשַׂתּוּ like in Rut 4:15, but anyway not עשהו).
There are other examples, like Chavakuk 3:3 and lots of places in Iyov, the first one in 3:4.
Tehillim 139:19 looks feminine at first glance, but in that mizmor David is talking to Hashem directly in the second person, so תקטל is masculine (if You, Hashem, kill the evildoer...).

Elo-aH - Feminine or not?


What is the difference between "Rufus" and "Rufus portable"

Question: On this site : https://rufus.akeo.ie/, there are two downloads, one labeled "Rufus 2.8" and the other labeled "Rufus 2.8 portable" I have tried both, and they do not differ in functionality as far as I am aware. I don't know what the difference between the two is, if there is any, as the one not labeled "Portable" is also portable" (i.e. requires no installation").
Answer: As the main developer of Rufus, let me shed a little more light on the question by quoting from what I think is a more relevant portion of the official Rufus FAQ:

First of all, I think I need to define what portability is, because a lot of people (including Wikipedia) use a wrong definition, and completely miss the point of what a portable application is really about.
A portable application is an application which gives you the ability to carry and preserve your settings when moving from one computer to the next.
That's it. That's all a portable application does.
Thus, if you are expecting that portability implies anything about NOT writing into the registry on Windows, or not coming with an installer, you are very mistaken. Most of the time, being portable means that the application will write its settings to a text file (such as a .ini file on Windows) that you can carry around with the software, as you move from one computer to another, instead of the registry, and this may be the reason why many people confuse "portable" with "not writing to the registry, ever" on Windows, but there really is no promise being made from a bona fide portable application that it will leave the registry untouched.
And so, with this having been clarified, I can explain that the regular version of Rufus already qualifies as a portable application because, if you happen to have a rufus.ini in the same directory as your Rufus executable (even if it's an empty file), then Rufus will read and write its settings, such as the language you want to run the application into, or the other options that get preserved between sessions, into that file, and should you copy both your rufus.ini and the Rufus executable to another computer, you will see that your settings have been preserved from the previous computer, hence "portable". And at this stage, I also have to stress out that, even when Rufus runs in portable mode, your registry will be modified, since this is NOT what portability is about.
Then, why provide a portable version at all, you say? Well, this brings us to the ONLY difference the "portable" version of Rufus has with the "regular" one, which is that the "portable" version will create a rufus.ini by default (so that you don't have to do it yourself, if you want to use Rufus in portable mode), whereas the regular version doesn't. That's really all there is to it!
This is also the reason why when Rufus downloads an update, it always picks the "regular" version, even if the version you were running was the "portable" one, as you would already have a rufus.ini, therefore, the new "regular" version that is downloaded will continue to run in portable mode.
Now, if you're still confused about what the above means, then you should probably just use the standard version of Rufus. Portability is really ONLY for people who need to work with an application on multiple computers, and want to have their settings preserved as they do so. If that doesn't apply to you, then you should download the regular version.
Comment: I've edited my answer to address the "link-only" issue. I am curious however how SuperUser is supposed to address the problem of potential copyright infrigement when copy/pasting content. In this case the content is CC-BY-SA, but if there was no permissive copyright provided, then I would surmise that a link-only answer would still be a lot better than straight copy/paste or obvious plagiarism of content. Also the other problem is that none of the links above pointed to the actual relevant entry from the FAQ, which, with the FAQ being quite long, made it easy to miss.
Comment: Maybe I wasn't clear. If you look at the links for the original answer, you will see that they point to a specific entry in the FAQ (#....) as opposed to the FAQ in general, and this entry is not actually relevant to properly answering the question. On the other hand, the FAQ entry link I submitted is for the direct answer to that question. Please double check where the FAQ link from the original answer points to. I also explained my reasoning for linking to a different FAQ entry on account of the FAQ being quite long and therefore making it more difficult for people to find the actual answer.
Comment: Just to point out - This answer is written by the author of the software and said FAQ e, so... erm... while less than obvious, in its current form I don't quite think the usual plagiarism rules come into play. Making it a little clearer this is the author of the software might help, but there's nothing wrong, at this point in copy and pasting something written by the author elsewhere.
Comment: Okay, I guess I'm going to have to firmly disagree on a few points with @Ramhound. First of all, the original question is _What is the difference between "Rufus" and "Rufus portable"?_ However the FAQ entries being quoted in the first answer are about binary identity (which doesn't explain what the portable version does) as well as connecting to the internet (which doesn't explain it either). I also believe it is very relevant to explain what portability means before indicating how the "portable" and " non-portable" versions of Rufus differ. As such, I believe my answer is what OP looked for.
Comment: I understand that it would probably have been preferable to disclose that I am the main developer of the software + the main author of the FAQ. I try to do that most of the time, but didn't see it that relevant when I was originally just posting a link to it. One thing I also would like to point out is that, just like the software, the FAQ is the product of contributions from multiple people, so, while I may be its main author I still cannot claim full authorship for copy/paste and therefore need to rely on the terms of the license (which I surmise are covered through provision of the link).
Comment: @Akeo, I added some context to your answer that probably would have been helpful in avoiding the feedback in the comments.  Feel free to play with it or roll it back.
Comment: @Akeo - I hate to say it but you being the developer changes everything.  Now I won't say that a link only answer is acceptable by anyone, but with the improvements to the answer, it's now an acceptable answer.  I agree with the edits to the answer, just enough, to improve the answer.
Answer:
How comes the portable and regular version are binary identical?
That's because the way Rufus detects whether it should run in portable
  or regular mode is by checking the file name of the executable. The
  way it works is like this: if the file name contains the letter p,
  then the code will run in portable mode. And if there is no p, then
  regular mode is used. As a matter of fact, on the web server, the
  download for the portable version is just a symbolic link to the
  regular version, with a p added to the name, so of course the binaries
  will always be identical.
But there's nothing fancy or mysterious about this method - software
  like Busybox has been doing this for years and you shouldn't freak
  out, or tell me that there an issue with the downloads, on account
  that the size and content of the portable and regular version of Rufus
  are exactly the same. There exists many ways to make the exact same
  executable behave in a completely different manners, through external
  factors, such as its file name...

From Rufus FAQ
The only difference FAQ mentions is below:

Rufus connects to the internet, but I never allowed it to - why?
...
How could I solve this dilemma then? Simple: If you look at
  http://rufus.akeo.ie/downloads/ you'll see there are actually 2
  versions of the latest Rufus version, one called rufus-#.#.exe (as
  well as the corresponding the portable version) and the other called
  rufus.exe. They are essentially the same binary file (rufus.exe is
  actually just a symbolic link to the first one on the web server).
  However, when Rufus starts, it checks for the name of its executable,
  and if it finds that it is called "rufus.exe", it does not display the
  question on whether a user wants to check for update, and enables that
  check automatically.
Comment: I don't get what the difference between 'portable' and 'regular' mode as explained in the first entry, and the second one does not talk about the portable version either.
Comment: I quoted from the official site. If that isn't true then you should contact the developer.
Comment: I understand what 'binary identical


How is 'coarse' translated in Spanish?

Question: I'm looking for a Spanish translation of coarse under this meaning: consisting of large grains or particles. Could you help me?
Answer: The Wikipedia article about mineral grains uses de grano grueso:

Existen rocas de grano fino, medio y grueso

'grueso' has the same roots as the English word 'gross', according to RAE:

grueso, sa
Del lat. tardío grossus.

adj. Corpulento y abultado.

adj. Que excede de lo regular.

One of the many definitions of 'grano':

m. Porción o parte menuda de algo de forma similar a la semilla de los cereales. Grano de arena, de incienso.

Literally translated it would mean 'of/with gross grains/granularity'; I'll defer to the expertise of native speakers that there is no single word that exactly matches your translation request.
Comment: As in this example, you normally need to say "**de grano** grueso", as "grueso" itself does not mean what the OP wants ("consisting of large grains or particles"). It just means "large". It is probably still the best option, as I do not think there is a Spanish word that means "consisting of large grains or particles".
Comment: Thanks. In English, I'd always use 'coarse-*grained*', hence my confusion.
Answer: You can use the adjective "basto":
<code>Grosero, tosco, sin pulimento.
</code>
as in lija basta (coarse sandpaper) or tejido basto (coarse fabric).

How is 'coarse' translated in Spanish?


How to get exposure to realised volatility while being vega neutral?

Question: Let's say I am predicting the realised volatility of a stock index. I am buying or selling straddles based on whether the predicted vol is higher or lower than the implied ATM volatility for the maturity. I am delta hedging along the way and potentially rolling the strikes if my options are moving too far away from ATM due to spot moves. If my prediction is good, my "Gamma Theta PnL" from this strategy should be positive. However, there is still Vega PnL and I do not want exposure to this. Is there a way to hedge out Vega PnL, so that my PnL is mostly driven by Gamma and Theta? What do people usually do in the market? I was thinking of using a vol swap or variance swap, but could imagine that this would be very expensive in terms of transaction fees.
Answer: Use calendar spreads.  If implieds are high vs your prediction, sell short dated straddles, buy longer dated straddles, vega neutral.  If implieds are lower vs your prediction, buy short dated straddles, sell longer dated straddles, vega neutral.  Your short dated straddles will have more gamma (and theta) than your longer dated straddle positions and therefore you will have net gamma (and theta) exposure but be vega neutral.  You will be approximately vega neutral by buying and selling the same number of straddles in the calendar spread.
Comment: thanks. I am looking at S&P 500 index options. I tried calendar spreads, but it still doesn't look too good when I using my signal on 1M vs 2M calendars. It seems that the calendar spread has exposure to steepening or flattening of the vol term structure and roll down effects and in my backtest these effects can take away large parts of my Gamma Theta profits.
Comment: As my former boss used to say to me  "the market is not there to make your job easy" ;))
Comment: I mean how long are you holding the trade for.  If you are exposed to rolldown effects, can't you just go long the option and just deal with the change in pnl via vega.  If realized vol greater than IV, theoretically, you should make money holding it to expo.