Does "like" mean to build a further relationship?

Question: In English, saying "I love you" for the first time is what we say when we fall in love with someone and it shows that we want to build a further relationship. In Chinese and Japanese, "I like you" really means something similar. Does "I like you" in English more or less the same if said to an opposite gender, or just a way to show friendliness?
Comment: ***What is the difference between liking and loving?*** : To summarise, Love is unconditional, wholesome and subconscious, while Like is usually conditional, very specific and conscious. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-liking-and-loving-1
Comment: @Josh61 Lots of people could give you lots of differing definitions of love. It's really kind of a problem with the English language that we have this one concept of "love" that other cultures separate into multiple concepts.
Comment: @josh61 I was asking about the meaning when said for the first time -- does it show an intent to build further relationship?
Comment: It can be used that way, but it does not necessarily imply a possible future relationship.
Comment: I know, at least for Japanese, there's a cultural thing where you can't start dating until you "profess your love." This usually includes the phrase _suki_ which has a closer meaning "like" than "love," but is often translated interchangeably. There's another phrase, _ai shite ru yo_, which is a very strong way to profess "love," and is not used lightly.
Answer: "I like you" can mean many things. A few of many possible examples I could provide:

I might say to someone, "I like @SEUser." What does that mean? Well, I don't know @SEUser personally, so what I mean to say is "I admire the quality of @SEUser's questions, answers, and comments on ELU SE."
I might be having some work done on my house and say to the service provider, "I like you." Well, again, I don't know the service provider personally, so what I mean to say is "I like the way you do business. You do quality work at a reasonable price. It's a pleasure to work with you."
I might say to a coworker, "I like you." While in this case I do know the other person personally, what I mean to say is "I like the way your brain works. I like your work ethic. We make a good team."
When it comes to more personal relationships, I might say to someone who has attracted my attention (e.g., psychologically or physically), "I like you." What I mean to say is "You appeal to me personally. I'd like to get to know you better. I might like to have a personal relationship with you." In general, my saying "I like you" would not mean "I love you" in the sense that I'd like to spend the rest of my life with you. That said, the relationship could evolve, or not, from one of "I like you" to one of "I love you"; there are no guarantees. "I like you" does not carry the high degree of commitment of "I love you".

"I like you" clearly involves multiple nuances.
Answer: Liking someone is not as serious as loving someone. You can really like someone and want to build a further relationship before loving them. At the same time you can fall head over heels in love. Love is more deeper and emotional than "like", in English you usually wouldn't tell some one you love them too soon into a relationship because it is often thought of as an emotion that takes time to develop.
Answer: I don't use "I like you" as a statement of intention. For me it simply means I value someone as a person. Sometimes that does mean I want to get to know them better or have a more intimate relationship, but that's an inference you may draw from my attitudes, it's not included in the meaning of my original comment. Another way I commonly use it is to reassure people I view as being socially anxious, who may be worried about whether other people enjoy their company or not. Such people, of course, can be of any gender.
I phrased that all in terms of myself, and my usage, because the truth is that many people – on regional, cultural, or other divisions – use "like" and "love" and all the associated words in different ways, to mean different things. To some extent, this is twofold inevitable:

the kinds of personal relationships that (say) teenagers and young adults tend to have are different from the kinds of relationships that people in their fifties have, and often each group will re-use the same words in ways that are useful to them in their environment and that they can relate to,
since personal relationships involve emotional risk, there's often a benefit to using deliberately ambiguous terms, so that you can maintain plausible deniability if your intentions don't play out as you hoped.

Generally it's not reliable to determine someone's romantic intentions by which phrases they use in isolation. Even "I love you" can vary by context, and I have opposite-sex friends to whom I'd feel comfortable saying that, knowing that we've built up sufficient context between us that they'll interpret it as I intend it (unromantically).
Or in other words: if you really want to know how someone feels, you have almost no choice but to just ask them.
Answer: Yes, it does show an intent to be in a relationship with the other person.  However, it is not as meaningful as saying "I love you."
Comment: I realize that this answer is not really citeable but I don't agree that saying you like someone is showing intent to be in a relationship with someone.
Comment: I think OP means that if you say "I like you" is the first step before saying "I love you".
Comment: Be aware that "I like you" can mean a lot of other things in English besides "I want to start a romantic relationhship with you".
Comment: Talking about the words alone, xxxxxx seems largely correct but "intent" or the OP's "want" seem rather strong here.

My caveat is, we might use the same words, tone, open smile and firm hand-shake when we know very well there is little or no chance of ever meeting again. Does that not indicate willingness or acceptance, rather than intent?

If this is about intonation too, then so long as it's not sarcastic "I like you" could mean almost anything positive, from a simple statement of acknowledgement or appreciation to, yes, the first step towards a declaration of undying love.
Comment: @Josh61 That's what I'm trying to say.
Comment: I agree with Kristina, I think this answer is bad advice.


What is the purpose of the rosary and why do some differ in the amount of beads they contain?

Question: Should a Rosary be made of six or twelve beaded sections?
Does it symbolize something specific or is it simply an object created to reflect something in the Catholic religion?
Comment: See: St. Grignion de Montfort's [_The Secret of the Rosary_](https://isidore.co/calibre/#panel=book_details&book_id=6364) and William's [_The Rosary: Its History and Meaning_](https://isidore.co/calibre/#panel=book_details&book_id=6711).
Answer: What is the purpose of the rosary and why do some differ in the amount of beads they contain
The traditional 15 mystery rosary containing 150 Hail Marys symbolizes or represents the 150 Psalms in the Old Testament. In the Middle Ages many could not read. Thus as the intellectuals of the Church could pray the 150 Psalms, the poor and uneducated prayed the Rosary in its' place.
Why do we pray the rosary?
The simple answer is: Catholics pray the rosary because it's a powerful prayer to God, through His Most Holy Mother, Mary and a great way to contemplate the sacred mysteries of our faith.

Praying the rosary has been a tradition in the Church for a long time. It's a bit fuzzy who made it more formal; some say it was St. Dominic and others say it wasn't. What really matters is that this prayer is super powerful.
The rosary begins with the recitation of the Apostle's Creed, an Our Father, three Hail Mary's and a Glory Be. Then there are five decades which each begin and end with an Our Father and Glory Be, and have ten Hail Mary's in between. When you pray the rosary, you meditate on the events in Jesus' life. There are the joyful, luminous, sorrowful, and glorious mysteries.
Rosaries are not just decorations. Battles have been won because people prayed the rosary! There have been hearts converted, and impossible intentions answered too. Your life can only be blessed if you start praying the rosary. - Why Do Catholics Pray the Rosary?

That's right battles have been won praying the Rosary.

On October 7th, 1571 a fleet of ships assembled by the combined forces of Naples, Sardinia, Venice, the Papacy, Genoa, Savoy and the Knights Hospitallers fought an intense battle with the fleet of the Ottoman Empire. The battle took place in the Gulf of Patras located in western Greece.  Though outnumbered by the Ottoman forces, the so-called "Holy League" possessed of superior firepower would win the day. This victory would severely curtail attempts by the Ottoman Empire to control the Mediterranean, causing a seismic shift in international relations from East to West. In some respects, and I do not want this claim to be overstated, the world that we know came into being with this victory. This event is known to history as the "Battle of Lepanto."
Pope Pius V, whose treasury bankrolled part of this military endeavor, ordered the churches of Rome opened for prayer day and night, encouraging the faithful to petition the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary through the recitation of the Rosary. When word reached the Pope Pius of the victory of the Holy League, he added a new feast day to the Roman Liturgical Calendar- October 7th would henceforth be the feast of Our Lady of Victory. Pope Pius' successor, Gregory XIII would change the name of this day to the feast of the Holy Rosary.  - Our Lady of the Rosary and the Battle of Lepanto

Each decade (10 bead section) of the Rosary commemorates a certain mystery of the faith.

The Mysteries of the Rosary are meditations on episodes in the life and death of Jesus from the Annunciation to the Ascension and beyond. These are traditionally grouped by fives into themed sets known as the Joyful (or Joyous) Mysteries, the Sorrowful Mysteries, and the Glorious Mysteries.
Pope John Paul II, in his apostolic letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae (October 2002), recommended an additional set called the Luminous Mysteries (or the "Mysteries of Light").
Joyful Mysteries

The Annunciation. Fruit of the Mystery: Humility
The Visitation. Fruit of the Mystery: Love of Neighbour
The Nativity. Fruit of the Mystery: Poverty, Detachment from the things of the world, Contempt of Riches, Love of the Poor
The Presentation of Jesus at the Temple. Fruit of the Mystery: Gift of Wisdom and Purity of mind and body (Obedience)
The Finding of Jesus in the Temple. Fruit of the Mystery: True Conversion (Piety, Joy of Finding Jesus)

Sorrowful Mysteries

The Agony in the Garden. Fruit of the Mystery: Sorrow for Sin, Uniformity with the Will of God
The Scourging at the Pillar. Fruit of the Mystery: Mortification (Purity)
The Crowning with Thorns. Fruit of the Mystery: Contempt of the World (Moral Courage)
The Carrying of the Cross. Fruit of the Mystery: Patience
The Crucifixion and Death of our Lord. Fruit of the Mystery: Perseverance in Faith, Grace for a Holy Death (Forgiveness)

Glorious Mysteries

The Resurrection. Fruit of the Mystery: Faith
The Ascension. Fruit of the Mystery: Hope, Desire to Ascend to Heaven
The Descent of the Holy Spirit. Fruit of the Mystery: Love of God, Holy Wisdom to know the truth and share it with everyone, Divine Charity, Worship of the Holy Spirit
The Assumption of Mary. Fruit of the Mystery: Union with Mary and True Devotion to Mary
The Coronation of the Virgin. Fruit of the Mystery: Perseverance and an Increase in Virtue (Trust in Mary's Intercession)

Luminous Mysteries

The Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan. Fruit of the Mystery: Openness to the Holy Spirit, the Healer.
The Wedding at Cana. Fruit of the Mystery: To Jesus through Mary, Understanding of the ability to manifest-through faith.
Jesus' Proclamation of the Kingdom of God. Fruit of the Mystery: Trust in God (Call of Conversion to the Messiah)
The Transfiguration. Fruit of the Mystery: Desire for Holiness.
The Institution of the Eucharist. Fruit of the Mystery: Adoration.

Satan truly hates this prayer.

The Rosary is a weapon. And it is a big chance of salvation. Satan, terrified, cursed it, when asked by exorcists what he was most afraid of. It has been the most important prayer in lives of many saints and the blessed. Probably also because it is an exceptionally difficult prayer.
"Give me an army saying the Rosary and I will conquer the world" – Blessed Pius IX said one day. This way the helmsman of the Catholic Church expressed the power of this prayer. After all it is not any abstract power but a totally real one. On many levels. It was probably the Rosary that rescued that Franciscan monastery in Hiroshima from destruction after its bombardment. The powerful bomb, which wreaked havoc in the city in 1945, turned out to be weak confronted with Our Lady's intercession. On the other hand, one of the shepherd children to whom Our Lady of Fatima appeared, was saved precisely thanks to the Rosary. Mary, asked by Francisco if he would go to heaven, answered: "You must say many rosaries". He obeyed the Queen of the world and moved the beads with his fingers regularly. - Rosary: a powerful weapon against Satan and a chance of salvation

Historically there are several different types of rosaries. A Rosary may be made of one; five; fifteen; or even Twenty beaded sections? These are only the most common or well known ones.

Many of us are familiar with the standard, five decade rosary, the centuries-old favorite devotion of Roman Catholics throughout the world. An ornate crucifix on a strand of rosary beads is an image that most associate with devout and faithful prayer. But sometimes confusion arises with other terms, such as "chaplet" or "Franciscan rosary." Aren't they all the same? Well, not quite. The term rosary is used for various sets of prayers counted on beads, but the prayers may vary from those used in the Dominican Rosary – the most widely known form of the rosary. Additionally, there are some rosaries that use the standard prayers, but serve a specific purpose, like the wedding rosary. Here is some clarification on some of those different rosary terms.
Five Decade Rosary
The five decade rosary is the one most people picture when they hear the word rosary. It consists of a crucifix, then a short set of 5 beads, for praying the Our Father, 3 Hail Marys, and a Glory Be, and then a rosary center, followed by a loop of 5 decades (sets of ten beads) to count the Hail Marys prayed as one meditates on the mysteries of the rosary, with a bead for praying the Our Father between each decade. This traditional rosary (both the physical strand of beads and the prayer) is also known as the Dominican Rosary, due to St. Dominic's role in encouraging and spreading devotion to the holy rosary at the request of the Blessed Mother.
Franciscan Rosaries
The Franciscan Rosary can refer to two different rosaries associated with the Franciscan order. One is the Franciscan Crown, sometimes called a seven decade rosary. As the name suggests, it consists of 7 decades, rather than 5, plus two additional Hail Mary beads, for a total of 72 Hail Mary beads. When praying the Franciscan Crown rosary, one is to meditate on the seven joys of Mary, one joy per each decade. The seven joys are the Annunciation, the Visitation of Mary to Elizabeth, the Nativity of Jesus, Epiphany, the presentation of Jesus in the temple, the Resurrection of Jesus, and the Assumption & coronation of Mary.
  The Franciscan Rosary can also refer to a fifteen-decade rosary. Prior to 2002, when Pope John Paul II instituted the addition of the 5 luminous mysteries, the three sets of the mysteries of the rosary (glorious, sorrowful, and joyful) added up to a total of 15 mysteries. When one would pray a fifteen decade rosary, all fifteen mysteries were meditated upon. One could simply use a standard size rosary and continue around the loop to pray the full fifteen, or now twenty, decades, but a strand of rosary beads consisting of 15 decades of beads was common as well. Franciscan rosary is also a term that may be used to describe a standard five decade rosary with a Franciscan Tau cross in place of the crucifix many are accustomed to seeing.
Chaplets
The word chaplet simply comes from the French word for Rosary, which is chapelet, but the term has now come to be associated with specific sets of prayers, intended to ask the help of Mary, Jesus, or the saints. The standard five decade rosary is in fact a chaplet, but chaplets can vary in size, in pattern or grouping of beads, and in the prayers said on each bead. Typically, the basic prayers, such as the Hail Mary and Our Father are still recited, but chaplets commonly also include prayers to a specific image of Christ or Mary, a particular saint or angel, or a litany. Often, a chaplet is based on a certain intention, and so prayers to the patron saint of that intention or subject will be included.
One of the most common chaplets in recent years is the Chaplet of Divine Mercy, a chaplet Jesus instructed St. Maria Faustina to pray. It can be said anytime, especially for the dead or dying, but is also often said as part of the Divine Mercy novena which lasts from Good Friday to Divine Mercy Sunday. Another popular chaplet is the St. Joseph Chaplet, a set of prayers asking for the protection and intercession of St. Joseph.
Servite Chaplet or Rosary
Though it can be prayed by anyone, the Chaplet of the Seven Sorrows of Mary is especially connected to the Servite Order (also called Servants of Mary) and so this unique chaplet is commonly referred to as the Servite Rosary. Rather than decades, it consists of seven sets of seven beads; the sets of seven beads are called 'weeks.' Where the Franciscan Crown is focused on the seven joys of Mary, the Servite chaplet is focused specifically on the seven sorrows, or dolors, of Mary. These are the prophecy of Simeon, the flight into Egypt, the loss of Jesus in the temple, Mary meeting Jesus on the road to Calvary, the Crucifixion, Jesus being taken down from the cross, and the laying of Jesus's body in the tomb. The intent behind the Servite rosary is a devotion to Mary and the real pain she suffered in watching and sharing in Jesus's pain, as we are called to share in Jesus's suffering as well.
Wedding Rosary
The wedding rosary, also called a lasso, or lazo, rosary is an over-sized rosary formed of two rosaries joined together at the center. The lasso rosary will share a crucifix, the first five beads, and the rosary center, with two, rather than one, loops of 5 decades each. The lasso rosary is part of a wedding ceremony, especially in Hispanic culture, where the loops of the rosary are put over the head of the bride and groom by the priest. This is symbolic of the joining of the two in God; their prayer lives will now be joined as well. Since the rosary is to be placed over the heads of both the bride and groom, the beads are typically oversized with larger spaces between beads in order to make the rosary long enough. While the use of the lasso rosary is largely figurative, it can also be used after the wedding for the husband and wife to pray the rosary together.
One Decade Rosary
The one decade rosary is, as it sounds, a rosary consisting of only one decade. They are sometimes called pocket rosaries or tenners. The idea behind the one decade rosary is that it is easy to carry around and use for prayer. After the crucifix on a one decade rosary, the initial 5 beads (for saying the Our Father, 3 Hail Marys and a Glory Be) are commonly represented with only one bead. After the rosary center is one decade, one set of ten beads. Some chaplet instructions come with a one decade rosary, and you can also use a one decade rosary to pray five, or even the full 20 mysteries, by circling around and using the ten beads to count for as many decades as needed. The one decade rosary closely resembles the prayer beads or prayer ropes which have been in use in the Eastern churches (both Catholic and Orthodox) from the earliest years.
There are also a few specific types of one decade rosaries:
Auto Rosary:
This one decade rosary is the same as one described above but with one difference. Rather than a continuous unbroken loop, there is a clasp in the middle of the set of ten beads. This is in place so that the rosary may be hooked around a rearview mirror, and used for prayer in the car. The clasp is also useful for clipping the rosary to the steering wheel while praying so you do not drop the beads while driving.
Rosary Bracelet:
This is a one decade rosary meant to be worn on the wrist. The bracelet varies slightly from the appearance of the standard one decade rosary. The rosary bracelet has one decade plus one Our Father bead, but rather than a center and a dangling crucifix, there will often be a miraculous medal and small, charm sized crucifix or cross hung together, or a cross shaped bead in place of the hanging crucifix. The bracelet is not intended to be a fashion statement but rather a way to easily bring a rosary with you, to be used for prayer. In the Middle Ages and beyond, it was not uncommon for people to hang a rosary from their waist, which they could easily reach for and use to pray with at any time. Many religious orders still do this, but for many other people, hanging a long rosary from their waist would be impractical. However, the rosary bracelet can be worn easily and so it can be used anywhere as a prayer aid.
Rosary Rings and Finger Rosaries
A rosary ring can be an actual wearable ring, or it can also be a small, mini one decade rosary to tuck into a wallet or purse, or on a key ring. These non-wearable rings are also called finger rosaries. Similar to the bracelet, there is a crucifix, followed by ten little bumps or beads for the decade. The idea of a small, easily transportable rosary one could reach for and pray with anytime stands true for the rosary ring as well. - What Are the Different Types of Rosaries?

On October 16, 2002 Pope St. John Paul II, in his Apostolic Letter Rosarium Virginis Mariaeadded the Luminous Mysteries  to the centuries old 15 decade Rosary, making it now a 20 decades long Rosary. Catholics are not obliged to say the 20 decade Rosary, but are freely encouraged to do so.

A 20 Decade Rosaries


Automatically Unsubscribe consumers from does not click "opt in" checkbox

Question: I have a Data extension in MC that it is completed with information that comes when filling in a landing page.
The smart capture has an "opt in" checkbox. People who check the "opt in" will then receive email communications and people who dont click the "opt in" button will have to be automatically "unsubscribed" from my publication list asociated to this Data extension.The question is, how can I automatically change the status in my Publication list of subscribers who dont opt in?
Answer: This can be done in Automation Studio using a series of activities.

SQL Query: Select the records you want to unsubscribe from the
Publication List and add/overwrite to a new Data Extension.
Data Extract: Extract the data and use the external key from the Data Extension used as the SQL output. Name the file to be created, this will be the same name used in the next step for import.
Import File: Using the same name as the file created in the Data Extract, import this file into your Publication List. Be sure to map the fields appropriately and depending on how your account is set up, lists will require certain attributes to successfully import.

Example SQL:
<code> select SubscriberKey, EmailAddress, FirstName, LastName, 'Unsubscribed' as Status
 from SmartCapture_DE
 where optin != 'true'
</code>
Add these activities to an automation and set it to run daily, weekly or whichever timing interval is required for your specific needs.
My experience with Smart Capture forms hasn't been great, it only allows for adding new records which is not ideal in most cases. I tend to use DEManager which supports add/update.
Hope this helps, good luck!
Comment: @GuadalupeInesTapia Did this work?
Comment: Hi! @Kyle Szabo it was missing between data extract and import activity, a file transfer activity. It did work adding that activity! If needed we can share with you more details. Thanks for your help!


Hypothesis test for correlation between ordinal and continuous variable

Question: I would like to test the relationship between an ordinal variable (stress level, a ranking from 1 'not stressful' to 5 'very stressful') and a continuous scale (academic performance, CGPA).  What correlation should I use?
Answer: At least in psychology, it's common to use plain old Pearson correlation in this sort of situation, as part of the broader practice of treating ordinal rating scales as if they were interval-scaled. However, I'd recommend the Kendall correlation, which has a straightforward interpretation that only requires both variables to be on ordinal scales. As a bonus, Kendall correlation can handle nonlinearity, which poses a problem for Pearson correlation.
Comment: +1. Any comment on Spearman vs. Kendall?
Comment: I don't really see the appeal of Spearman over Kendall. It's easier to compute, and it's more readily comparable to the Pearson correlation. But it lacks the Kendall's nice interpretation as the rescaled probability of a randomly selected pair of rows being concordant or discordant.


Comma between "so" and "if"?

Question: Is it correct to have a comma after "so" when "if" comes right after it? Example: "I visited California for a week. So[,] if you were wondering where I was, there's your answer."
Comment: It is very important to understand that it is neither correct nor incorrect to place a comma after _so_ in your sentence. For every person who will omit the comma, there is another person who will use the comma, and both of them will be correct.
Comment: Commas are often a question of style and intonation  that you want to give to the sentence. In your case I'd definitely use a comma.
Answer: It's not always required, but it is correct in your example. In the case of your example, the section "if you were wondering where I was" is a separate thought or element, so it is offset from the rest of the sentence by the commas. It could be omitted or retained, and the meaning would be the same. Personally, I tend to put in commas quite frequently, wherever a spoken sentence might have a brief pause or a change in tone. I find it easier to parse the text that way.

Comma between "so" and "if"?


What makes the choice to do good or evil?

Question: I understand some of bechira but this has always puzzled me: If we are equally inclined to do good or evil, what is it that makes the final choice?
Comment: I think "If we are equally inclined to do good or evil" is a premise that needs expansion. Are you talking about a _benoni_ subset of the population, or assuming that this is an inherent state, or one assessed local to the immediate situation as opposed to one's whole existence? Or perhaps something else? Can you point us in the direction of the assertion of this equilibrium, either from a prior source or your own reasoning?
Answer: Not so much an answer as much as why I think it's impossible to give you one:
Free Will lives in a region between algorithm and randomness. (See Metahalakhah, by R/Dr Moshe Koppel, ch. 2-3, for an actual information theory treatment of this topic.) If our decisions were an algorithm, then we'd be robots, with a given history of inputs causing our decisions inevitably. No freedom. If we were random, our "decisions" would be mere rolls of the dice, and not really caused by anything within us either. No will. Nor would we be morally accountable for anything we did in either case -- the algorithm can't be blamed for following its programming, and the die cannot be blamed for which way it falls.
But what this means is that Free Will is also ineffable. If we could pin what we're doing down into words, it would mean that Free Will is an algorithm. If we would claim there is nothing needing description, we would be reducing decision-making to randomness -- the decision has no cause.
I think this is what led @Loewian and @user3714808 to their rather terse answers. We all know what Free Will is, we just can't describe it. All we can say is, "Your free will is the factor that determines the final outcome."
Answer: We are what make the final choice.
Answer: It's like Loewian said, but let me explain and deepen this out a little:
Maybe the answer to your question lies within the fact one has free will to begin with.
Let me explain; what exactly is free will? We have been giving a free will in order to make choices or decisions on our OWN and with our OWN responsibility, INDEPENDENT of other influences. I wrote some words in capital because it's the essence of free will: It makes us able to act from the I - act on our own - it gives us a sense that we're existing on our own, individual beings, it makes us focused on the self, feeling independent.. While it's our task to be an Eved (Servant of) HaShem and it's a fact that we're basically in everything depend upon G-d, there lies within us a part which makes the I-part within us bigger and stronger, and when we have a choice it's the I-part which often draws us to one side or the other. It's important to have this, because without is one wouldn't have free will to begin with.
The question that remains is if one's following his own will - or if one makes his will the Will of HaShem, and the Will of HaShem his own.
But the path we chose is our own.
Answer: this question was asked in shaarei kedusha by Rabbi Chaim Vital (part 3 ch.2)

If both inclinations are equal in strength, then where does the power
  of free will come in to tip the scale this way or that way? And if the
  free will is stronger then the inclinations, then what is the point of
  the inclinations? .....
We have also clarified the matter of the good
  and evil inclinations in a man. They are two forms added to a man
  besides his soul. And they are light from the angels (good
  inclination) and light from the klipos (evil inclinations), outside of
  the good inclination and external to it. But being that the soul
  itself is innermost than all of them, and being that it is the essence
  of a man, therefore it is in his power to tilt the free will to the
  place that he wants - because he (the soul) is greater than them. Now,
  his primary desire is towards the good inclination, because it is holy
  like him and also near to him. But for the body, it's primary desire
  is to the evil inclination, because both are from the side of evil
  (physicality), and also they are closer to each other. It is because
  of this that there is a battle between the physicality and the soul.
  Because since the soul cannot do the mitzvot except through the body,
  which tends towards the evil inclination, because of this there is a
  great difficulty to subjugate it (the evil inclination).


grid-based gravity assist power generaiton

Question: I was discussing with a friend about renewable resources in which you can generate and store power for a long time. In this one way which I know is hydropower where when you have huge requirement of energy you run the water over motors which drive a shaft which in turn moves a turbine and which in turn gives you a huge boost in energy for say that 1-2 hrs. The rest of the day when energy usage is not so much, you use the same energy to lift the water. Now other examples of energy which I saw sometime back was a giant hole in which something like a huge wreaking ball or something was lowered and then taken back up, using the same principles. Now can somebody tell me what that should such energy producing machines should be called? For me it is gravity-assist but I'm sure there is much better name for it.
Comment: Also, "for a long time" means you need a system that is cheap to build and maintain, because operating costs will make up a big part of the cost per unit of energy stored. It's exactly the same as renting a warehouse - the cost of putting an item into the warehouse and getting it out again is usually most important because most things don't stay in the warehouse very long. But if you're leaving stuff there for years... that daily storage charge adds up. Most energy storage is expensive so the owners want to run it as much as possible. Multiple cycles per day, ideally.
Comment: https://medium.com/land-buildings-identity-and-values/pumped-hydro-update-ec4538cbdb87 this pumped hydro project is designed to store power for 1-5 years and it would be one of the biggest pumped hydro projects ever... for a country with only 5M people.
Comment: Yes, that's called "pumped storage" and it's definitely on the playing field, but not at a *small* scale.  If you're fitting a 50 megawatt plant you'll have factory sales reps lined up out the door to sell you bidirectional generator-pumps.
Answer: I think you have exactly the right term already. The Institute of Electrical Engineers use "gravity energy storage" and wikipedia has a Gravity Battery page.
The main issue is that pumping and storing huge amounts of water is a mature technology - people have been doing that for ages. And since gravity isn't very energy dense storing decent amounts of energy that way means at lot of mass or height, so the solid mass storage systems are typically quite small compared to the (pumped) hydro ones.
This question about home pumped hydro shows how hard small systems are. Browsing the "energy-storage" tag might help give you an overview.
Comment: There are some interesting solutions appearing to gravity energy storage. A couple worth mentioning are lowering heavy weights down disused mineshatfs, and sending railcars filled with ballast up the side of a mountain. Worth bearing in mind that as hydro schemes also require lots of height and huge amounts of water, it's not always easy to find suitable locations.
Answer: The industry term is "pumped storage" and it's used all over the place at a large scale.

Some systems, like Oroville Dam, reverse their turbine-generators to be "motor-pumps", pumping water from the bottom of the dam to the top*.

The Niagara Falls installation sits well above the Falls, and  has separate pumps: they pump from the high side of the falls, and obviously the generators discharge to the low side.

On a small scale, you just cannot obtain reversible generator-pumps.  So you're better off following the Niagara model, with pumps and generators separate.
Micro-hydro turbo-generators are readily available, and there are many installations.  They are mainly used in "run of river" applications.
Water pumps are, obviously, also readily available commercially.  One of them - the Aermotor - is even a windmill!  Aermotor strongly insists their windmill is not made to generate electricity... well, it can now!
It's certainly a boon if you can pump from a higher place than you discharge the turbine.  But it all works at the same level too.  **The important thing is having locations for sufficiently large reservoirs, and not having a reservoir breach from overfilling it.

* Oroville has a huge reservoir at the bottom, but it's hard to see on a satellite view.  Here's the trick: The Thermalito Diversion Pool (former Feather River at the bottom of the dam) is at the same level, and connected to a broad, shallow reservoir several miles west called the Thermalito Forebay.


Acid content of wine vs. vinegar?

Question: I'm making bone broth, and the recipe says to add 2 tablespoons of vinegar or lemon juice (to 5# bones and 5 qts. water) to help draw the minerals out of the bones.  I'm wondering about using verjus or wine instead of the vinegar (or lemon juice).  In general, how does the acidity of (1) wine and (2) verjus compare with that of vinegar?
Answer: Verjus (the non-fermented juice of unripened grapes) is going to be more acidic than wine, but I have been unable to find a number/concentration.  Probably because a lot depends on the grapes at the time of harvest.  The acidity of various vinegars also ranges, so comparing verjus to vinegar would require much more specificity of the types of products you are intending to use.  So, if you are choosing between wine and verjus, go for the latter.

Acid content of wine vs. vinegar?


`apt upgrade` package without marking as manually installed?

Question: How do I upgrade a single Debian package without marking it as "manually installed"? apt install upgradeable-lib works of course, but then I have to apt-mark auto (or the package is no longer autoremoveable).
Answer: By poking at the sources, I found the feature you are looking for, but it was made available only in a commit made a few months ago, so is available only in bullseye (future Debian 11):

Support marking all newly installed packages as automatically
installed
Add option '--mark-auto' to 'apt install' that marks all newly
installed packages as automatically installed.

The equivalent configuration option (having no effect in Debian 10) is APT::Get::Mark-Auto.
Comment: This probably won't hurt anything, but it could mark some packages as automatic when they are new installs and "should" be marked as manual.
Answer: Since I got tired of copy/pasting, I've ended up writing aptup to do the simple job of upgrading specified packages (or choosing from a list of upgradables via dialog). apt-mark showauto pkg... prints the automatically-installed status, which can be restored after apt-install.
Comment: thanks -- which reminds me, I need to update the link. Not sure how long gitlab auto-redirects last
Comment: Great tool, thanks for sharing!
Answer: I ran into this awhile ago trying to install everything from an old install onto  a new one using a package list provided by running dpkg -l on the old system.
This is handy if you want everything you had before, but can't remember all the things you installed over the life of the installed system.
The following script does this by trying to install everything using the install_new function. The trick is to run dpkg -s package-name first. If it doesn't find the package, it returns an error so you know the package is not installed.
The script below has a echo prefixed on the apt command, so it will be a dry run until you remove the prefix. This will allow you to review what it will do first so you can edit the input list and eliminate things you don't want to carry over to the new system or redirect the output of the script into a file to run later to do the installs. This is particularly useful because some "reinstalls" may fail, so you may need to fix things and edit the file to restart where you left off.
To use the script to generate an installation script, the other echo commands in the script need to be commented out.
#!/bin/bash

function install_new () {
  if [[ -z "$1" ]]
  then
    echo "install_new called with empty argument"
    rc=1
  else
    dpkg -s "$1" &> /dev/null
    rc=$?
    if (( rc ))
    then
      echo sudo apt-get install "$1"
      rc=$?
    else
      echo -e "\tSkipping [$1] - already installed"
      rc=1
    fi
  fi
  return ${rc}
}

while read package action
do
  echo "Package [${package}] Action [${action}]"
  action="${action:-install}"  ## If action is not present, default to install

  case "${action}" in
    #
    "install")
      install_new "${package}"
    ;;
    #
    *)
      echo -e "\tDon't know how to ${action} ${package}"
    ;;
  esac

done < "${1}"

Comment: So this keeps the manually installed status as opposed to using `dpkg --get-selections` then set-selections
Comment: @AldIn Not sure what you mean. If you manually install a package, it makes sense for it to be marked manual, as my script will do, but since it would be unlikely to have another package that depends on it, it probably won't make any practical difference. What the script does is prevent already installed packages from being set to manual if they were automatic.
Comment: "prevent already installed packages from being set to manual if they were automatic" is what I meant. Because there is no "upgrade only specified packages" semantic in Debian (seems to be a unique deficiency) so you *have* use apt install
Answer: You can't in apt, but the interactive mode of aptitude can do this.
I question why you want to do it though. Automatically-installed libraries are installed because something you've expressed a desire to install needs the library to function. By asking apt to install a different version of the library, you're expressing a desire to install it. It's no longer automatic - you have asked for it and apt will no longer consider it removable when dependent packages go away.
Comment: Can you expand on how one would do it with aptitude?
Comment: Because somepkg might depend, directly or indirectly, on somelib. `apt install somepkg` will upgrade somepkg, but not necessarily somelib. apt install somelib will upgrade both the lib and all packages that break with the new lib version
Comment: Aptitude was great, but it seems not so well maintained lately, and has always been quite opinionated. Plus, it's not available on Termux


How can i enable Canonical Partner in elementary Juno or Is there an application of a similar sort ?

Question: I needed to update driver. "I was looking for a GUI based alternative"
Answer: You need to install software-properties-common and software-properties-gtk packages.
Use this command.
sudo apt install software-properties-common software-properties-gtk

After installation is complete, you can just search for 'software and updates' in start menu.


Appointment conflict with Hanukkah Candle Lightning

Question: If a person has an appointment she must attend after the candle lighting time but needs to depart before the candle lighting time, what should the person do?
Comment: I see these two answers, below. Isn't there a halacha that says that one may light as long as a family member is still awake, or people are walking in the street?
Comment: There is no specific time in the night you need to light the menorah as @DanF said, assuming you light the menorah inside like most people. As long as there's someone in the house you can wake up and "share" the miracle with the halacha is that you can light the menorah from sundown until the next morning.
Comment: @ezra that's what I thought. I don't understand why that answer is not mentioned. Is there something specific in OP question that I'm not getting?
Answer: There are different opinions as to the right time to light. The earliest would allow one to light at 3.35 PM in New York on the first day of Hanuka 2017 (but it changes with location, see here under Plag Hamincha). If this is too late for you, then you can appoint a messenger (shaliah) to light for you or light yourself when you return (see e.g., here).
The "ideal opinions" are (e.g., taken from OU Torah Tidbits vol 1054)

There are two opinions as to when is the ideal time during the week (i.e. except for Friday and Motza'ei Shabbat,
  when Shabbat affects the timing). Minhag
  Yerushalayim (which many, but not everyone in Jerusalem follow - and
  some outside Jerusalem do follow) is to light right after the setting
  of the sun. Those who light with sunset should have already davened
  Mincha, and should subsequently daven Maariv at the appropriate time,
  obviously after lighting candles.
The "rest of the Jewish world" lights when the "light of the sun has
  left the sky", i.e. Stars-Out a.k.a. Tzeit HaKochavim. There are
  different opinions as to when Stars-Out occurs. Except for Friday and
  Motza'ei Shabbat, the earlier times are available to use for candle
  lighting. The times of Stars-out can be as little as 13 minutes after
  sunset, 17 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes. Those who light with
  Stars-Out should light right after Maariv, unless they have a fixed
  time later in the evening for davening, in which case they can light
  before davening.
Stars-Out lighters should favor the earlier times for TZEIT (except,
  of course for Motza"Sh. 17-20 mins after sunset seems to be a good
  time to shoot for).

The third opinion, in case of need is (from Halachipedia, see also Mishna Brura 672:3)

If on a weeknight one will be unable to light after Shekiyah or
  Tzet Hakochavim and will miss the mitzvah totally, he should light
  after Plag HaMincha. Many poskim say that one may light with a bracha
  in this case, while others say that one should light without a bracha.

Note that in such a case you need candles that last until 30 minutes after nightfall.
You can check out halachic times for your location here and remember to CYLOR for your specific situation.
Answer: Best is to make sure to be at home. Barring that:
You can either light earlier - from Plag HaMincha, or else appoint somebody to light for you at the correct time, or else light when you get home if you have somebody to light for (a significant other, family or a busy street).
Source: My Halocho a Day blog based on the Kitzur Shulchan Aruch סימן קלט - הלכות חנכה
Comment: Worth noting if you light at Plag Haminha you need candles that last until 30 minutes after nightfall
Comment: More worth noting that no matter when you light, you should have your candles lit for as long as there are people who see them to publicize the miracle to. That's the point.


Magento 2.2.5 Security Patch Issue

Question: Was there any solution to this? - Magento 2.2.2 Security Patch Issue
I have the same issue with PRODSECBUG-2233 on Magento 2.2.5 - Installed via composer and using composer version of patch.
When I install it says it can't find:
vendor/magento/module-sales/Helper/Admin.php
vendor/magento/module-sales/Test/Unit/Helper/AdminTest.php

Files are there in those directories. When I specify the files I get:
File to patch: vendor/magento/module-sales/Helper/Admin.php
patching file vendor/magento/module-sales/Helper/Admin.php
Hunk #1 FAILED at 6.
Hunk #2 succeeded at 27 (offset -4 lines).
Hunk #3 FAILED at 158.
Hunk #4 FAILED at 195.
3 out of 4 hunks FAILED

File to patch: vendor/magento/module-sales/Test/Unit/Helper/AdminTest.php
patching file vendor/magento/module-sales/Test/Unit/Helper/AdminTest.php
Hunk #2 succeeded at 324 (offset -6 lines).

The line ends on the patch and Admin.php match and Admin.php has not been altered from the original file in the 2.2.5 release. All other security patches have been applied so don't believe it's a missing patch that has previously altered admin.php unless someone can point me in the direction of a patch that's required?
I've been trying to match up the hunks to work out if it doesn't have enough context to know where to insert the code but I get a bit lost with how it's specified.
Patch hunk 1:
    @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@

 namespace Magento\Sales\Helper;

+use Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager;
+
 /**
  * Sales admin helper.
  */

And admin.php line 6 to 11 as specified:
namespace Magento\Sales\Helper;

class Admin extends \Magento\Framework\App\Helper\AbstractHelper
{
    /**
     * @var \Magento\Sales\Model\Config

I'm guessing its the class Admin extends throwing it off?
There's meant to be 3 lines of context above and below right? if so then neither the top or the bottom of the hunk matches the original file so is this a bugged patch or am I going way of base?
Answer: did you solve this issue ? I have 2.2.6 Magento Composer version that I cannot patch and it is very alarming.
Best regards
JG

Magento 2.2.5 Security Patch Issue


Work with two separate Facebook pages with IFTTT

Question: I have two Facebook pages, say Page A and Page B. I have two blogs as well. I have linked the first blog to Page A, but now I wanna link the 2nd blog to Page B, but it keeps taking me back to Page A. Instead of the 2nd blog linking to page B, it links to Page A. How can I rectify this issue on IFTTT?
Answer: You can only have one Facebook page connection on your IFTTT account. As you may have guessed -- and I have tried it myself -- you cannot associate your same Facebook account to another IFTTT account to get around the limitation of only one page connection.
This is a huge limitation that I highly recommend you join me in bringing this issue up with their support group.
Answer: Unfortunately, IFTTT only lets you configure one Facebook page with the Facebook Pages channel for your account.
For what you want to do, you'd need to create a new IFTTT account. (Assuming, of course, that IFTTT doesn't prevent multiple accounts from linking to the same Facebook account.)
Otherwise, you'll need to find a different way to do what you want. Zapier may be of use.


Which 3D cards support full scene antialiasing?

Question: Is there a list of 3D cards available that provide full scene antialiasing as well as which are able to do it in hardware (decent performance)?
Answer: Pretty much all cards since DX7-level technology (GeForce 2 / Radeon 7000) can do it. Most notable exceptions are Intel cards (Intel 945 aka GMA 950 and earlier can't do it; I think Intel 965 aka GMA X3100 can't do it either).
Older cards (GeForce 2 / 4MX, Radeon 7000-9250) were using supersampling (render everything into internally larger buffer, downsample at the end). All later cards have multisampling, where this expensive process is only performed at polygon edges (simply speaking, shaders are run for each pixel, while depth/coverage is stored for each sample).
Answer: Off the top of my head, pretty much any card since a geforce 2 or something can do it. There's always a performance hit, but this varies on the card and AA mode (of which there are about 100 different kinds) but generally it's quite a performance hit.
Answer: Agree with Orion Edwards, pretty much everything new can.  Performance also depends greatly on the resolution you run at.
Answer: Integrated GPUs are going to be really poor performers with games FSAA or no. If you want even moderate performance, buy a separate video card.
For something that's not crazy expensive go with either a nVidia Geforce 8000 series card or an ATI 3000 series card. Even as a nVidia 8800 GTS owner, I will tell you the ATIs have better support for older games.
Although I personally still like FSAA, it is becoming less important with higher resolution screens. Also, more and more games are using deferred rendering which makes FSAA impossible.
Answer: Yes, of course integrated cards are awful.  :)  But this wasn't a question about gaming, but rather about an application that we are writing that will use OpenGL/D3D for 3D rendering.  The 3D scene is relatively small, but antialiasing makes a dramatic difference in terms of the quality of the rendering.  We are curious if there is some way to easily determine which cards support these features fully and which do not.
With the exception of the 3100, so far all of the cards we've found that do antialiasing are plenty fast for our purposes (as is my GeForce 9500).
Answer: Having seen a pile of machines recently that don't do it, I don't think that's quite true.  The GMA 950 integrated ones don't do it to start with, and I don't think that the 3100/X3100 do either (at least not in hardware... the 3100 was enormously slow in a demo).  Also, I don't believe that the GeForce MX5200 supported it either.
Or perhaps I'm just misunderstanding what you mean when you refer to "AA mode".  Are there a lot of cards which support modes that are virtually unnoticable?  :)


Seattle to Heathrow to Edinburgh booked as separate flights

Question: We are flying from Seattle to Heathrow on Delta and arrive at 3:05 pm (terminal 3). We have a separate ticket booked on British Airways to Edinburgh that departs at 5:25 pm (terminal 5). Will it be possible to go through customs and security and make this flight? If we switch to the 6:30 pm flight will we then have enough time, or do we need to change to the 8 pm? We are not planning to check bags.
Comment: If your flight from Seattle to Heathrow is delayed, will you be able to rebook your flight after having missed it?  Usually, that's not possible.  For flights on separate tickets it's generally better to leave several hours.
Comment: Two minor nits - it's British Air*ways* you'll be flying with, and second it's immigration you might get delayed at rather than customs. For an International to Domestic connection at Heathrow, customs is a small red phone tucked away on one wall!
Comment: @Gagravarr you don't clear customs at Heathrow, you clear it at the last customs port on your journey; customs at Edinburgh for domestic arrivals is a telephone there in the baggage hall used for non-EU origin passengers (though easily missed travelling without luggage!)
Comment: @gsnedders You clear customs twice - you & hand baggage in Heathrow, and your checked luggage in Edinburgh. You have to seek out customs in Heathrow if you need to declare things - there's a red phone just after domestic immigration. See [section 7 of the Heathrow Intl-Domestic connection guide](http://www.heathrow.com/flight-connections/personal-connection-planner/BA052/BA1438/05-JUL-2016/05-JUL-2016/5/8H) `You will pass through security screening at this point. If you are a non-UK resident and have goods to declare to HM Customs, please use the Customs telephone before security control.`
Answer: It's certainly possible that you could make the flight. You will arrive at terminal 3, follow flight connections and take the bus to terminal 5. Providing you arrive on time this would not be a problem for a 2:20 connection. If you arrive late and miss your connection, you will have to purchase a new ticket. I would recommend you view the history of DL36 SEA-LHR on flightstats to decide if you wish to take that risk.
If you do miss it, there's a good chance you could purchase a new flight with Avios even after arrival, providing you have some Avios from previous crediting to BA, or if you choose to purchase some. An Avios ticket from LHR to EDI would be 4500 avios and £17.50 each way.
Taking a quick look on flightstats, shows it arrived 82 minutes late two days ago. However it generally has a fairly good on-time performance.
Edit: Heathrow suggests the connection typically requires 90 minutes from landing.
BA recently introduced some new ticket types. Previously only expensive flexible and semi-flexible tickets were changeable, but now there are Basic, Plus and Plus Flex tickets. On domestic flights there is business UK. Business UK, Plus and Plus flex tickets allow change of flight on same day if seats in cabin are available. Details here.
As an example for a random date I pulled up:
The difference in price (each way) between basic and plus can be quite minimal. If you chose the latest flight on the day, which is the cheapest, and you chose the Plus fare, you could change it to any earlier flight after you arrive.

Details of plus fare:
Comment: @Jennifer No, BA will not allow standby on early flight normally. However, they now have a certain ticket type that does allow flight change on same day. I'll update my answer with a link
Comment: @gsnedders OP says they're not checking bags
Comment: Thanks, Berwyn.  If we re-book for the 20:00 flight to EDI to allow for max transfer time, but we end up in T5 with plenty of time to spare, do you know if BA will allow departure on an earlier flight via standby if seats are open, as is common here?  Thanks again.
Comment: Flight connections only applies if luggage is checked through, given they're on separate tickets. A quick look on Google suggests Delta won't check luggage through when it's on multiple tickets, even if it's within Skyteam (which BA isn't).
Comment: @Berwyn bah, I failed to read! :)
Answer: If your incoming flight is on time, it is certainly possible to be at the departure gate for EDI by 4:05.  Just follow the signs for Connecting Flights and specifically UK Connections.
However, if you are delayed, BA has no real obligation to honor the outbound ticket.  They might, depending on circumstances.  BA will only protect you, meaning re accommodate at no charge, if you arrive on a delayed BA or other OneWorld flight, even if it's technically a separate ticket.  (Note, I know this is an AA rule, presumable BA has the same.)
If not worrying is important to you, take the 2000 flight.  T5 departures is not the worst place to wait.
Comment: BA does not follow this rule about protecting unconnected tickets from oneworld. If you want to be protected you need to be on one ticket. At LHR flying to EDI you would probably be accommodated if coming off an AA flight but I wouldn't count on it. From DL, not much chance.


Does click frequency account for relevance?

Question: While building a rank, say for a search engine, or a recommendation system, is it valid to rely on click frequency to determine the relevance of an entry?
Answer: Depends on the user's intent, for starters.
Users normally only view the first set of links, which means that unless the link is viewable, it's not getting clicks; meaning you'd have to be positive those are the best links, otherwise the clicks are most likely going to reflect placement, not relevance. For example, here's a click and attention distribution heat-map for  Google search results:

Further, using click frequency to account for relevance is not a direct measure of the resource's relevance. Also, using clicks is problematic, since issues like click-inflation, click-fraud, etc. will pop-up and are hard to counter.
That said, if you're interested in using user interaction to model relevance, I would suggest you attempt to measure post-click engagement, not how users respond to search results; see "YouTube's head of engineering speaking about clicks vs engagement" for more information, though note that the size itself of the content is a factor too.
Might be worth noting that historically Google was known for PageRank algorithm though it's possible your intent is only to review click-streams, so I won't delve Google ranking factors; if you are interested in the Google's approach, you might find a review of Google's Search Quality Rating Guidelines.
Comment: For the Google search result, top ranks being actually more relevant also influences the click percentage.
Answer: For my part I can say that I use click frequency on i.e. eCommerce products. When you combine it with the days of the year it can even bring you great suggestions.
i.e.: We have historical data from 1 year over 2 products (Snowboots[], Sandalettes[])
<code>Snowboots[1024,1253,652,123,50,12,8,4,50,148,345,896]
Sandalettes[23,50,73,100,534,701,1053,1503,1125,453,213,25]
</code>
where [0] = January
As you can see, snowboots are much more searched in January than sandalettes, so you should suggest snowboots to someone searching shoes on your site or /we on january.
You can also see if something is "fresh" at this time, like when people often click a unknown product it could be an insight for a new comming trend or something.
That are just some examples where you could use click frequency as an insight. I think there are no rules for what you can use or not in recommendations, as long as it makes sense.
Answer: Is it valid to use click frequency, then yes. Is it valid to use only the click frequency, then probably no.
Search relevance is much more complicated than just one metric. There are entire books on the subject. Extending this answer beyond a simple yes/no would likely make the answer far too broad (and opinionated)


What do the red dots next to the question mean in SO Teams?

Question: There is a red dot in the front of this question, what exactly does this mean:
Comment: ... And why isn't it free-hand?
Comment: When you right-click and inspect this element, is there some class name that reveals the meaning?
Comment: class shows the following `bg-red-500 bar-circle d-inline-block activity-indicator mr4`
Comment: Maybe the answer was edited?
Comment: @Cerbrus - I asked and answered my own and never updated that either.
Answer: When there are new questions in your team since you last visited then there is a red dot next to your team in the left nav. If you click on your team that red dot should be dismissed and a red dot will show up next to the new items in the question list. You don't actually have to visit the questions to clear the red dot. It should clear on its own once you've "seen" the new questions in the list.
Why did we add this? We realized that some team members would go to their team less frequently but would land on public SO as a result of their normal troubleshooting efforts. We wanted a way to identify for them when there was new activity in their team. This is very much an MVP version of this feature. Feedback is welcome.
Comment: Is there a `title` or `attr` property for this red circle?
Comment: I agree with Lightness on a `title` or `attr`. This would make it more clear to normal users what it is, and it would make the site more accessible to people with disabilities. That said, there is clearly a part missing to this feature, as I had red dots on my team questions even though I had already answered those questions.
Comment: The strange thing is this thing doesnt go away for me.  Whether I view it or not.
Comment: @JonH Did you perhaps hit the back button (not reload) after viewing it?
Comment: There is a title on the left nav. It says, "New questions have been asked in your team". We need to add one to the red dot on the question.
Comment: Well now its gone...so maybe it is working as intended.  Strange for a while I saw it in my list and even after seeing it I still saw the red dot.  But now after I click backed to my team it went away.  Could a tooltip help?
Comment: @JonH I don't think the logic is perfect or caching is effecting it in some way. Not sure which. But it generally solves the problem. Particularly for the occasional visitor to the team.
Comment: Isn't it amazing when applications grow they become so complex that people don't know really how they work or what could be causing certain things.  No issue I can deal with it as now I understand the reasoning behind it.
Comment: @JonH That's part of it in some cases. In this case, it is more like we are moving fast and haven't really dug into it. That's why I called this an MVP of the feature.


Can anyone explain me about this cat's behavior?

Question: I am watching this video on youtube. Is the cat trying to get close to the baby or is it some kind of aggressive behaviour? By the way, the cat in the video is a female cat and gave birth to three kittens last year.
Answer: No, the cat is just wary of the baby, but also very curious. Initially, the cat was tense and looked like it might flee. Then you can see its body relax. Next, it starts investigating, gradually getting closer to the baby. Finally it decides the baby is probably not a threat, and sits near it, but at a safe distance. As the cat sits, its body relaxes, but it's still a bit wary.
Compare this with how a cat looks when its chasing prey. The cat crouches very low to the ground (even lower than in the video with the baby), it shifts from side to side to get the right balance, the tail flicks back and forth, and then... POUNCE.


Does Rutgers University Provide Open-Source Geospatial Datasets?

Question: Might these datasets include business names, addresses (some goecoords), County, CBSA, NAIC, SIC, USPS Postal Carrier route and more information for United States and Canada?.
Answer: Why yes, Rutgers University does.
Rutgers University has made available "as-is" Geospatial datasets "that cannot be sold or used in any way for commercial purposes."
http://www.rutgerscps.org/data.html
There datasets cover the US and selected areas in Canada. The data includes business names, addresses (some goecoords), County, CBSA, NAIC, SIC, USPS Postal Carrier route and more.
Rutgers' Disclaimer:
"This data was purchased by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, from InfoGroup, for research and educational purposes. It is provided here through the Rutgers Center on Public Security (RCPS) "as is," without any warranty whatsoever, including but not limited to any warranty as to fitness for any particular purpose. The RCPS or its associates, including webinar instructors, make no claims, promises, or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the data, and expressly disclaims liability for errors and omissions in its content. It is highly recommended that you personally review the data and/or ground-truth it prior to use. For details, comments, or questions about the data, contact InfoGroup.
"Permissions: This data, in its current or modified form, must be used for research only. It cannot be sold or used in any way for commercial purposes.
"These datasets are not complete nor comprehensive for the respective geographies. Consider them a list of features to start your collection, then verify the data and build upon it.
"Geography is based on street addresses; XY coordinates in these datasets are not reliable."


Is there any way I can make a curve and/or a mesh from a wavefile?

Question: So I want to make a mesh surface based on a wave file. I have been trying to convert sound to curves so I could extrude it to a mesh plane, but I am relatively new to Blender so I am not sure how to do this. Do anyone have any suggestions for a solution?
Answer: I've done this myself in the past, but the way I did it was fairly indirect. I loaded the file into Audacity, and took a screenshot of the audio visualization. Then I opened that file in Inkscape and cropped the screenshot to just the part of the audio that I wanted. I traced the image and saved the file as an SVG. I then imported this SVG into blender. Here's what that looked like when finished.

If you need help with the intermediary steps, let me know. None of the steps are overly difficult, but using an unfamiliar program can always be a challenge. :)
Comment: Hi Jacob :) I had this as a backup plan, but I wanted something a bit more detailed. Something like the f-curve you get when using the 'audio to markers' plugin, but as a curve in the 3d view instead.
Answer: Hi I dabbled with this in 2013 as part of my Sound Drivers (then Speaker Tools) addon.  The code required is still there (soundsurface.py) but needs to be run & edited manually, once the addon is installed.
I did get as far as wiring up the curve surface, which is a nice way to demonstrate how this is done.
A wav file (batman.wav) is associated with a speaker and then baked using default settings across 16 frequency ranges to custom properties (the channels) AA0 to AA15 into action SOUND_AA_batman.wav
Clicking on the actions button in the visualisers toolbox gives me

the 16 frequencies as curves, which gives a nice vis of the "surface".  This is simply the fcurves baked to a curve.

The following code uses the fcurves of the action going in the time directions and adds a crossing action to give me grid points, from which I created a displacement map, (top right hand corner of image below) which then used on a subdivided grid to give the surface effect.

The script to produce the displacement map is included in the sounddrivers addon as "soundsurface.py" and needs to be opened and run from the text editor.
This part needs to be edited, you will need to edit 'SOUND_AA_batman.wav' to match the channel and wav file name you use, and the settings on image size and frame step can be played around with,.
action = bpy.data.actions['SOUND_AA_batman.wav']

sound_surface_texture(action,
                      bpy.context,
                      frame_split=1,
                      image_size_x=1024,
                      image_size_y=1024)

All going well you will end up with an image named "SoundSurface" which can be applied to a grid as a displacement map texture.
Comment: Thanks for the reply! :) I ended up using the Animation Node approach but I am stoked people want to help out in a matter of hours :)
Answer: You can do that with the Animation Nodes (AN) addon.

Make a new AN tree.
Make a Sound Bake node and load your sound. Then click on "Bake".
Create an "Evaluate Sound" node and set its Frame Type from Offset to Absolute. The sound object you baked should be selected automatically.
Create "Loop Input" node and connect the Index socket to the Frame input.
Click on the plus icon next to New Generator Output and type "Vector List". This should create a new node that you can move to the right.
Connect the "Strength" output socket with the "Vector" input. A new "Combine Vector" node should appear inbetween, because a vector consists of 3 values and the Strength is only a single value. Reconnect the sockets like in the image below.
Insert an optional Math node to be able to control the width of the curve.
Create a "Invoke Subprogram" node and choose the loop you just created. Then set the Iterations socket to the number of frames you want to have in the final curve (too high numbers can slow Blender down, you may want to uncheck "Always" in the toolbar so that AN doesn't recreate the curve multiple times every second)
Create a "Spline from Points" node and connect it to the Vector List output of the other node.
Create a "Set Splines on Object" node. Then click on the little plus icon which will create an empty curve object in your scene that you can use as output object. The last step is to take the Spline we created before and put it on the Curve object. If you do this connection a "Create List" node gets inserted automatically because the Set Splines on Object node expects multiple splines (but we only have one, so we create a list with one spline).

Now you should see the curve in the viewport. You can just remove all nodes now or just make a copy of the curve in order to edit it further.
Comment: Thank you so much! This works like a charm. Seems like there's endless possibilities with sound in the animation node system. I really want to learn to use it better.. Is there any literature you can recommend I read to get a better understanding of how I can utilise it?
Comment: Well there is the documentation here: http://animation-nodes-manual.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
It doesn't have much content... but there are a few links to external sites that can help you.


Assay for Beta-galactosidase activity in single cell microscopy

Question: I'd like to be able to measure the activity of $\beta$-galactosidase in living cells with simple optical (maybe fluorescence) microscopy. Ideally I'd like to do a minimum of genetic engineering, and use this assay with strains I already have (that have a WT lactose system), i.e. a fluorescent lactose-mimic would be ideal. Additionally, it would be nice if the lifetime of the fluorescent byproduct of $\beta$-gal activity was short, so I could detect a decrease in $\beta$-gal activity as well as an increase. Does such a fluorescent analog exist? I'm hoping to look at the switch from lactose to glucose utilization under the microscope, so I want lactose-using cells to light up and glucose-using cells to be dark, or vice versa. It does not have to be fully quantitative--a qualitative sense is fine.
Answer: I found this paper.

Zhang GJ et al. (2009) In vivo optical imaging of LacZ expression using lacZ transgenic mice. Assay Drug Dev Technol.7:391-9. doi: 10.1089/adt.2009.0195.
Abstract
beta-Galactosidase (beta-gal) (encoded by the lacZ gene) has been widely used as a transgene reporter enzyme. The ability to image lacZ expression in living transgenic animals would further extend the use of this reporter. It has been reported that 7-hydroxy-9H-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (DDAOG), a conjugate of beta-galactose and 7-hydroxy-9H-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one), is not only a chromogenic lacZ substrate but that the cleavage product has far-red fluorescence properties detectable by in vivo imaging. In an attempt to noninvasively image lacZ expression in vivo, we applied fluorescence imaging to a G protein-coupled receptor (GPR56), knockout (KO) mouse model, in which the lacZ gene is introduced in the GPR56 locus. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, GPR56KO/LacZ mice showed three- to fourfold higher fluorescence intensity in the head area 5 min after tail-vein injection of DDAOG. beta-Gal staining in sections of whole brain showed strong lacZ expression in homozygotes, but not in WT mice, consistent with lacZ activity detected by in vivo imaging. The kidneys were also visualized with fluorescence imaging both in vivo and ex vivo, consistent with beta-gal staining findings. Our results demonstrate that fluorescence imaging can be used for in vivo real-time detection of lacZ activity by fluorescence imaging in lacZ transgenic mice. Thus, this technology can potentially be used to noninvasively image changes of certain endogenous molecules and/or molecular pathways in transgenic animals.

The work in the paper is cited in a more recent paper which reports beta-gal-based chemiluminescent imaging in mice.
It's unclear if any of this would be successful at a single bacterial cell level.
Answer: I posted this as an answer because it was too long for a comment. In general, your experimental approach is feasible, however, the devil is in the details.
Firstly, your biggest challenge will be to gain access to suitable optics. Imaging individual eukaryotic cells is relatively easy with any diffraction-limited optical microscope, because their scale is usually 10-20 $\mu$m. Bacteria are a much smaller cell size, and they (mostly) cannot be imaged using diffraction-limited techniques on a single cell level. To image a single cell requires super-resolution optics/techniques.
Secondly, it sounds like you're doing diauxic shift curves. It may not be necessary to image at a single cell level, and you may be able to get away with making good measurements of cells in aggregate using any camera-equipped microscope, or even an optical plate reader since you mentioned $\beta$-gal.
@Alan Boyd pointed out a chemiluminescent substrate for $\beta$-gal which could work well if you have access to an optical imager that can give you readouts of photon counts/second. This would give you readings of average enzymatic activity (which you can correlate to expression level).
Also, you describe having cells be bright/dark depending on the utilized substrate and that would be harder to achieve. There are many ways I envision to do this, but they all take some amount of genetic manipulation. Perhaps the easiest thing to do might be to make an expression plasmid that places LacZ under control of an IPTG-inducible promoter. These plasmids are very common and would give you an easy entry to image lactose usage.
Comment: Thanks for your answer. It turns out that imaging single bacteria doesn't require that much extra work; my lab does it with a 60x oil immersion objective and not much else. Though you're right, using a less powerful objective and looking at aggregate cells will probably be sufficient. I also am required to use microscopy because I am testing a microfluidic device which continuously supplies fresh media to cells; I'm trying to visualize how quickly these nutrients diffuse through the device.
Comment: That's true about imaging at 60x, but it requires cells to be well separated for individual detection, and that's not usually the case with bacteria, especially when actively growing. That said, the resolution requirements were a big ambiguous. :) If you're using a microfuidic device, the sugar gets washed in with the bulk flow, so wouldn't that occur on a much faster time scale than the uptake and metabolism in bacteria?
Comment: If you dilute your sample before microscopy, it's pretty easy to spot individual bacteria. Even when the OD has been ~0.1, I have been able to see individual bacteria with no problem. The microfludic device washes nutrients over an agar pad; they diffuse through the pad to the bacteria. I don't know how quickly this happens. I'm also looking for the time to diffuse from device to bacteria, and for how the nutrients spread through the agar (on the focal plane with bacteria) over time. Regardless of the details of my exp., I'm looking for probes of beta-gal activity, like the one Alan mentioned.
Answer: Here is a link to on the Invitrogen/Life Technologies webpage detailing various probes to detect the activity of glycosidases, including $\beta$-galactosidase. These include DDAOG as mentioned by @Alan Boyd, as well as Fluorescein Digalactoside, Resorufin Galactoside, and  Methylumbelliferyl Galactoside, among others. NB, this is an Invitrogen/Life Technologies website, so all the reagents they mention are ones sold by the company; there may be others not mentioned here. Of these, DDAOG is very stable, which would allow for measuring the initiation of $\beta$-gal activity, but might not work to measure decreases in $\beta$-gal activity (without bleaching the dye). Resorufin Galactoside is sensitive and stable at physiological pH, allowing measurement over a long period of time. Fluorescein Digalactoside is the most sensitive assay, but since it requires the removal of 2 galactose moieties for full fluorescence it's activation time may be slow.
For my particular usage (limited access to near-red frequencies), I think that Resorufin Galactoside or Fluorescein Digalactoside might be the best choices. However, given the cost of these probes, I might be better off just finding some lab with a strain with gfp under the lac promoter in the chromosome and asking them for a sample!


Is node.js being used in systematic trading software?

Question: I have a project where I would like to track some tick data and create some indicators to follow it. I am thinking of using Node.js for this project, but I would like to know from those in industry if they have come across it in their own or others systems and if they use any particular JavaScript finance libraries.
Comment: Are you only using it for charting?  Node.js has not yet (as of June 2014) reached version 1.  I know it is widely used for web development but I would be hesitant to rely on it for trading purposes.
Comment: @deprecated the project would have been used for trading but its currently on hold for now.
Answer: We use Node for reporting but not as part of our main signal generating trading system.
To be honest the answer will almost certainly be yes for every common programming technology as it just takes one person to use it somewhere to make the answer yes.
Just look at OCaml, before Jane street, most techno logiest on the street had never heard of it and now its very well known.
Probably the canonical answer for this type of question should be this one:
https://quant.stackexchange.com/a/304/743
META RANT
In general I find these kind of questions a bit troubling for this site for two reasons:

for any given programming language or stack if you ask is anyone using this for trading the answer is mostly likely yes.
There is no real outcome or call to action from the question.  If someone answers yes, so what?  if someone answers no, so what?  What is the canonical answer to a question like this that

Or put another way, what answer would make the poster happy here?
END RANT
Comment: The most helpful would be practical reasons why one would not--seeing that it has been used successful is similarly helpful (why wasn't it good enough for your signal generation?). In either case, any particular remarkable "lessons learned" from the processing of building such a system or library is also not a waste.
Answer: Cloud9Trader uses Node.js on the back end and JavaScript across its technology stack, including for writing the trading algorithms themselves.
https://www.cloud9trader.com
Comment: Hi hacklikecrack, welcome to Quant.SE! Could you please disclose any affiliations?
Comment: Do you use any JS quant libs?
Comment: Hi Nikos, our tooling is developed in house. Please take a look at our core library API documentation:

https://www.cloud9trader.com/documentation/api-reference

You may also be interested in our technical indicator code, which is available for use in our platform and open sourced here:

https://github.com/Cloud9Trader/TechnicalIndicators
Comment: @BobJansen yes, I am the founder and a developer on the project.
Answer: I think the best choice for technical analysis with node is node-talib, a wrapper around TA-Lib. We're using it for some projects and it works ok so far. Here's a list of the indicators you get out of the box:
AD                  Chaikin A/D Line
ADOSC               Chaikin A/D Oscillator
ADX                 Average Directional Movement Index
ADXR                Average Directional Movement Index Rating
APO                 Absolute Price Oscillator
AROON               Aroon
AROONOSC            Aroon Oscillator
ATR                 Average True Range
AVGPRICE            Average Price
BBANDS              Bollinger Bands
BETA                Beta
BOP                 Balance Of Power
CCI                 Commodity Channel Index
CDL2CROWS           Two Crows
CDL3BLACKCROWS      Three Black Crows
CDL3INSIDE          Three Inside Up/Down
CDL3LINESTRIKE      Three-Line Strike
CDL3OUTSIDE         Three Outside Up/Down
CDL3STARSINSOUTH    Three Stars In The South
CDL3WHITESOLDIERS   Three Advancing White Soldiers
CDLABANDONEDBABY    Abandoned Baby
CDLADVANCEBLOCK     Advance Block
CDLBELTHOLD         Belt-hold
CDLBREAKAWAY        Breakaway
CDLCLOSINGMARUBOZU  Closing Marubozu
CDLCONCEALBABYSWALL Concealing Baby Swallow
CDLCOUNTERATTACK    Counterattack
CDLDARKCLOUDCOVER   Dark Cloud Cover
CDLDOJI             Doji
CDLDOJISTAR         Doji Star
CDLDRAGONFLYDOJI    Dragonfly Doji
CDLENGULFING        Engulfing Pattern
CDLEVENINGDOJISTAR  Evening Doji Star
CDLEVENINGSTAR      Evening Star
CDLGAPSIDESIDEWHITE Up/Down-gap side-by-side white lines
CDLGRAVESTONEDOJI   Gravestone Doji
CDLHAMMER           Hammer
CDLHANGINGMAN       Hanging Man
CDLHARAMI           Harami Pattern
CDLHARAMICROSS      Harami Cross Pattern
CDLHIGHWAVE         High-Wave Candle
CDLHIKKAKE          Hikkake Pattern
CDLHIKKAKEMOD       Modified Hikkake Pattern
CDLHOMINGPIGEON     Homing Pigeon
CDLIDENTICAL3CROWS  Identical Three Crows
CDLINNECK           In-Neck Pattern
CDLINVERTEDHAMMER   Inverted Hammer
CDLKICKING          Kicking
CDLKICKINGBYLENGTH  Kicking - bull/bear determined by the longer marubozu
CDLLADDERBOTTOM     Ladder Bottom
CDLLONGLEGGEDDOJI   Long Legged Doji
CDLLONGLINE         Long Line Candle
CDLMARUBOZU         Marubozu
CDLMATCHINGLOW      Matching Low
CDLMATHOLD          Mat Hold
CDLMORNINGDOJISTAR  Morning Doji Star
CDLMORNINGSTAR      Morning Star
CDLONNECK           On-Neck Pattern
CDLPIERCING         Piercing Pattern
CDLRICKSHAWMAN      Rickshaw Man
CDLRISEFALL3METHODS Rising/Falling Three Methods
CDLSEPARATINGLINES  Separating Lines
CDLSHOOTINGSTAR     Shooting Star
CDLSHORTLINE        Short Line Candle
CDLSPINNINGTOP      Spinning Top
CDLSTALLEDPATTERN   Stalled Pattern
CDLSTICKSANDWICH    Stick Sandwich
CDLTAKURI           Takuri (Dragonfly Doji with very long lower shadow)
CDLTASUKIGAP        Tasuki Gap
CDLTHRUSTING        Thrusting Pattern
CDLTRISTAR          Tristar Pattern
CDLUNIQUE3RIVER     Unique 3 River
CDLUPSIDEGAP2CROWS  Upside Gap Two Crows
CDLXSIDEGAP3METHODS Upside/Downside Gap Three Methods
CMO                 Chande Momentum Oscillator
CORREL              Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r)
DEMA                Double Exponential Moving Average
DX                  Directional Movement Index
EMA                 Exponential Moving Average
HT_DCPERIOD         Hilbert Transform - Dominant Cycle Period
HT_DCPHASE          Hilbert Transform - Dominant Cycle Phase
HT_PHASOR           Hilbert Transform - Phasor Components
HT_SINE             Hilbert Transform - SineWave
HT_TRENDLINE        Hilbert Transform - Instantaneous Trendline
HT_TRENDMODE        Hilbert Transform - Trend vs Cycle Mode
KAMA                Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average
LINEARREG           Linear Regression
LINEARREG_ANGLE     Linear Regression Angle
LINEARREG_INTERCEPT Linear Regression Intercept
LINEARREG_SLOPE     Linear Regression Slope
MA                  All Moving Average
MACD                Moving Average Convergence/Divergence
MACDEXT             MACD with controllable MA type
MACDFIX             Moving Average Convergence/Divergence Fix 12/26
MAMA                MESA Adaptive Moving Average
MAX                 Highest value over a specified period
MAXINDEX            Index of highest value over a specified period
MEDPRICE            Median Price
MFI                 Money Flow Index
MIDPOINT            MidPoint over period
MIDPRICE            Midpoint Price over period
MIN                 Lowest value over a specified period
MININDEX            Index of lowest value over a specified period
MINMAX              Lowest and highest values over a specified period
MINMAXINDEX         Indexes of lowest and highest values over a specified period
MINUS_DI            Minus Directional Indicator
MINUS_DM            Minus Directional Movement
MOM                 Momentum
NATR                Normalized Average True Range
OBV                 On Balance Volume
PLUS_DI             Plus Directional Indicator
PLUS_DM             Plus Directional Movement
PPO                 Percentage Price Oscillator
ROC                 Rate of change : ((price/prevPrice)-1)*100
ROCP                Rate of change Percentage: (price-prevPrice)/prevPrice
ROCR                Rate of change ratio: (price/prevPrice)
ROCR100             Rate of change ratio 100 scale: (price/prevPrice)*100
RSI                 Relative Strength Index
SAR                 Parabolic SAR
SAREXT              Parabolic SAR - Extended
SMA                 Simple Moving Average
STDDEV              Standard Deviation
STOCH               Stochastic
STOCHF              Stochastic Fast
STOCHRSI            Stochastic Relative Strength Index
SUM                 Summation
T3                  Triple Exponential Moving Average (T3)
TEMA                Triple Exponential Moving Average
TRANGE              True Range
TRIMA               Triangular Moving Average
TRIX                1-day Rate-Of-Change (ROC) of a Triple Smooth EMA
TSF                 Time Series Forecast
TYPPRICE            Typical Price
ULTOSC              Ultimate Oscillator
VAR                 Variance
WCLPRICE            Weighted Close Price
WILLR               Williams' %R
WMA                 Weighted Moving Average

Comment: Making as the answer as provides technical library.
Comment: This binding is synchronous, maybe you can use talib-binding(https://www.npmjs.com/package/talib-binding) alternatively.
Answer: We use node.js at alta5. The event-driven, non-blocking I/O model performs well in data-intensive real-time applications like a trading platform.
http://alta5.com/
Answer: I am using NodeJS for a similar project.
There's not a ton of packages on NPM for finance and stocks, so I wrote my own, that might help you get started:

Fetching historical stock data, including intraday: https://www.npmjs.org/package/node-activetick
Charting, analysing, forecasting the data: https://www.npmjs.org/package/timeseries-analysis

You can use timeseries-analysis to write your own indicators, and chart them with the stock data.
I am currently writing a new npm package to make using/creating indicators easier and more efficient. Mail me if you want to follow up or if you have any question.
Answer: With the rise of crypto trading more and more technical indicators, backtesting software and live trading applications have been created using JavaScript/TypeScript and Node.js. One of the most successful was probably gekko, which unfortunately is not maintained by its creator anymore but has some active forks.
If you are just interested in indicator libraries, then you should take a look at tulind which is a wrapper around the famous Tulip Indicators and provides 100+ technical analysis indicator functions. Other good ones are Anand Aravindan's technical indicators (pure JavaScript) or my trading-signals library (TypeScript & JavaScript).
Comment: cool many thx!!


How can I fix the blur in this photo?

Question: Someone else took this picture & the background was focused instead of us. please help.It was my farewell picture and It really would be great if someone can help me.
Comment: Possible duplicate of [How can I fix an out-of-focus blurred photo in Photoshop?](https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/37697/how-can-i-fix-an-out-of-focus-blurred-photo-in-photoshop)
Comment: Related: [How can slightly blurred photos be improved in post processing?](https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/4724/how-can-slightly-blurred-photos-be-improved-in-post-processing?)
Answer: I am sorry to deliver an unwanted answer: You cannot fix that.
Blurring images is a technique used for hiding some information, usually pieces of text, registration plates, faces, in the way it cannot be recovered.
When some detail is blurred its signal is mixed with the signal from the surroundings. The information form the blured image is something like "she sum of two numbers is ten" but you want to know the numbers; was it one and nine or three and seven? It is straightforward path from four and six to ten, but going backwards you don't have enough information.
Next time, set the camera to use center point to AF, or ask the "photographer" to do several shots and check them ASAP; just in case of something going wrong.
Answer: I'm so excited about my new toy (SmartDeblur 1.27) that I tried it on this. I will post my result so you can see what kind of detail could be saved. You can find other deconvolution programs in the posts linked by Michael Clark.
The sharp background seems to be really difficult for this simple program.
I would imagine that Photoshop or the newer version of SmartDeblur would do a much prettier image. Or you could first make the background blurred or black and then try the tools on it.

But I think that the original has the feeling in it. Even when it emphasizes "FOOD" quite a bit.

How can I fix the blur in this photo?


The "Recording" tag - Proper usage?

Question: I'm not really clear on what the recording tag is used for.  Can someone shed some light on it's current usage, and whether or not we should change it?  It seems somewhat arbitrary at the moment, and there's no tag wiki for it.  Maybe it should just be nuked?
Answer: When I used it in a question, it was about the record label(Maverick Records). I believed this was the way the tag should be used. However, I missed the fact that there was also a record-label tag! After that, I believe there is no use for the recording tag and you're right to nuke it.
Answer: I'm not a community regular, but it makes sense to me to use it for recording techniques like I just did in my question Non-stylistic reasons for whole-song fade out.
Comment: Perhaps a recording-techniques tag is in order.  I just think a recording tag is too generic, kinda like having a music tag.

The "Recording" tag - Proper usage?


How to deactivate the button that control auto open and close of side mirrors

Question: I crashed the passenger side mirror socket and it's not working properly. Can I deactivate the button that control auto open and close of the mirror so that it stays the same position? At the moment, each time when I start the car, the mirror will swing outward and is not able to stay at a certain position. It's trying to open a bit more but it can't, so the mirror keeps clicking. I have to pull it in a bit until it can stop.
Comment: Could you tell us the make, model and year of the car?
Answer: Without knowing what the car is, pull the door trim and disconnect the mirror in question. There may or may not be a disable button, check your owners manual.
If the mirrors automatically open and close than assume it's computer controlled and disabling the fold mirror button will not do anything.
Comment: ..or the fuse...


Is there any precedent for the child of two chakra types?

Question: We've established that chakra element is hereditary (I.e. Sasuke got fire from his parents, etc.). Is there any precedent for what happens when parents with different elements have a kid? Does one element "win" and become the one that the child has, or does the child get both?
Answer: Let's first off state bloodline limits.
Bloodline limits come with perks like Wood and Ice elements (Yamato and Haku). This suggests that there is indeed a chance (Since it's not for everyone, just like the sharingan and byakugan) they will inherit it from their parents.
It doesn't seem like anyone outside the clans have the blood limit abilities, so we will assume that even when someone does not posses for example, Wood elements, they might still be carriers and carry the ability on to their children.
However, they do seem to pass on elements within clans. The Uchiha specializes in Fire, Uzumaki in Wind, and so on.
It is quite safe to assume that you inherit the talent for your chakra element type.
However
Anyone can learn any chakra element type given enough practice. Even though this won't easily become better than their main chakra element type, it could still be passed on to their children more naturally.
Furthermore, it's probably a lot like bloodtypes in real life. Tho there are technically rules, every human can get a random blood type instead of what their parents got. if not, we would all have the same blood types in the end! I believe this is also how the elements work. It's a game of chance between which parent has the stronger genes.
Sources:

I've been a proper fan for 10 years now and am rewatching + reading it for the 9th time or so.
http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Chakra This webpage explains how ninjas can learn chakra types besides their natural affinity.

Other than that, this is all speculation. There is no proof of what I said and there is no explanation from Kishimoto relating to this. All my speculation is based on how I have learned the anime and manga.
Comment: Do you have any evidence for that? I'm sure you can dig up some links to back your claims ;) other than that, nice answer and welcome to [anime.se]!
Comment: I'm not asking if they inherit the abilities. I know they do. And blood type is based on what your parents have. If both of your parents are A, you can't be B.
Comment: And therefore, if both your parents have "wind", you will probably not get "fire". That's what I meant by it.

Also, even tho it can't be B, when both parents have A you can still get type O. That's the weird thing about it.

source: http://www.canadiancrc.com/paternity_determination_blood_type.aspx
Comment: Only one Uzumaki has demonstrated wind affinity so we don't know the Uzumaki pass on wind chakra type.
Comment: True. But again, it is all speculation without any proof. That's why I agree with this dude:
http://www.talknaruto.com/naruto/showthread.php?3081-Namikaze-Uzumaki-Wind-and-Water-elements-for-Naruto
Answer: Uchiha are already affiliated with fire and can learn other elements by practice to help answer this even more it is more or less possiable Naruto character's are more likely born with elements though birthday's like Naruto Oct 10 1996 he has wind and he is a Libra but it also goes by one's clan blood line also so bit can be by both ways.
Comment: I don't remember it ever being mentioned that your element correlates to the date of birth or your zodiac symbol...


Hacking WPA/WPA2 passwords

Question: Is there another method apart from using a wordlist to crack WPA/WPA2 passwords? because it's not going to work for all cases. Even using the biggest wordlist ever, there are cases where there won't be a match in the wordlist. (assuming that WPS is off too because if WPS is on, the password may be cracked through weaknesses of WPS)
Answer: Yes of course, there are other sorts of brute force attacks to crack passwords!
For example, on Hashcat's website you can find the following types of attacks:

Straight *
Combination
Brute-force
Hybrid dict + mask
Hybrid mask + dict
Answer: There is a whole class of key-reinstallation attacks discovered a few years ago, that doesn't rely on the traditional wordlist brute-forcing attacks. They are also known as KRACK - Key Reinstallation AttaCKs.
You can read more about such attacks here. After some initial publicity, though, many vendors' Wi-Fi products have been patched against at least some variations of KRACK.

Hacking WPA/WPA2 passwords


Checking for stationarity in LSTM

Question: An author in his blog checked for stationarity and removed them in a forecasting problem for using LSTM.I asked others and they said no need to check for it in LSTM.I read some articles and it looked like they need to be checked in ARIMA model.Do we have to check for it in LSTM??
Answer: In principle no you do not need to check for stationarity nor correct for it when you are using an LSTM.
The thing about stationarity is that it makes prediction tasks much more efficient, and stable. Think about stationarity in terms of a target. When what you are trying to predict is not stationary, it is like trying to shoot a moving target. It isn't impossible to do, but there is a better way to do things.
If you are trying to predict a stationary variable, then what you are trying to do is hit a non-moving, for lack of a better word, stationary target. It is staying in the same spot relative to you.
Correcting for non-stationarities in an ARIMA model is necessary because it is one of the fundamental assumptions that you make about that particular model. LSTMs do not make that assumption. So you don't have to do it with an LSTM. Seems like the answer to your question is the same as what the people you asked originally. Case closed, right?
Well... you remember shooting at moving targets is much more difficult than shooting at a stationary target right? You may want to force stationarity on a problem that you are going to run against an LSTM, simply because you may be able to eek out a little bit more performance by making it easier for the neural network to learn. So although you don't need to do it, it may still be a good idea and give you a boost in performance.
Answer: Stationarity is an important factor in determining the model structure for the ARIMA family of models. Some of the reasons for this are discussed in relative depth in this question.
Briefly, the reason that you have to consider the stationarity of the series explicitly when developing a model in the ARIMA family is because the model has to have descriptive power over changing conditions, which you have to make choices to enable.
In contrast, an LSTM is not constrained on this dimension- i.e. a sufficiently trained LSTM with a sufficient architectural descriptive base can determine the changing nature of the time series without the modeler making explicit choices based on that feature of the data.
You WILL want to understand stationarity in some form regardless of this feature, as it will help inform the useful life period of your model as well as lifecycle concerns - i.e. how often it will need to be retrained, what monitoring is necessary in production, etc.

Checking for stationarity in LSTM