The basis for kanji frequency

Question: What is the basis for kanji frequency? For example, 悠{ゆう} has the Frequency of 1921 in the kanji dictionary of Yomichan. What does it mean? Does it mean that in everyday conversation or in newspapers published every day, 悠{ゆう} is being used 1921 times? Also, is the frequency of a kanji the same in all the dictionaries?
Comment: Very interesting question. I found the original chart (http://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bunkashingikai/sokai/sokai_7/45/pdf/besshi_1.pdf) and it lists the Yomiuri and Mainichi newspapers, then web print and other print (I think?) material as sources.
Answer: Your post contains multiple questions.  Let me try to answer each of them.

What is the basis for kanji frequency?

As I've understood them, these lists are based on statistical analyses of various corpora -- sets of documents, often newspapers, magazines, websites, and so forth.  The basic method is to count the occurrences of each kanji, and then rank them by frequency.  Frithany commented with a link to one such frequency list.

For example, 悠{ゆう} has the Frequency of 1921 in the kanji dictionary of Yomichan. What does it mean?

A frequency ranking of 1921 in such a list simply means that that kanji is used less frequently than the preceding 1920 kanji, and more frequently than any kanji coming later in the list.

Does it mean that in everyday conversation or in newspapers published every day, 悠{ゆう}is being used 1921 times?

No.  A frequency of 1921 does not mean that that kanji is used 1921 times.  See the above comment.

Also, is the frequency of a kanji the same in all the dictionaries?

Frequency lists are quite variable, and are only kinda-sorta useful for getting a ballpark idea of how common each kanji is.
The reason for this variability is that each frequency list is based on a different corpus -- a different set of documents.  For instance, frequency lists are often based in part on trends in newspaper usage, and that changes from year to year: not only do writing styles change, but the content of the articles also changes, and even the kanji used to spell people's names change over time as different spellings become popular or fall out of use.  (Note: the spelling for a specific person's name probably doesn't change over time.  However, there are many different ways to spell the given name "Megumi", for example, and parents will choose different spellings depending on all kinds of factors, leading to different spellings becoming more common or unusual as time passes.)
Answer: A frequency number is an indicator of how often a particular character/word occurs in a specific pool of words/characters being analyzed, usually a corpus of some kind. The frequency number of any specific item can vary significantly according to which corpus you use as a base. For example, if you used a corpus of newspaper articles to analyze, the word めっちゃ would have a pretty low frequency, since it is informal and unlikely to be used often in the formal style that newspapers use. On the other hand, if you used social media interactions as a corpus to analyze, you would see that めっちゃ would have a much higher frequency as it used far more often in informal language.  So a frequency number can vary a lot for the exact same word, depending on what source you are analyzing.
Frequency is generally given a value related to its Frequency-Per-Million-Words (fpmw). Having calculated a fpmw value for each word in a corpus, you can then rank them in order of most frequent (high fpmw value) to least frequent (low fpmw value). In your example, the character listed as 1921 indicates its rank relative to other characters, not the total number of occurrences in the corpus. Specifically, it means that there are 1920 other words that have a higher fpmw value than 悠. Any word with a frequency of 1922 (in your example) or above means that those words have a lower fpmw than 悠.

The basis for kanji frequency


UK National Insurance Number

Question: I am non UK citizen since I don't live in UK I would like to find out if my National Insurance Card is still valid I had my card in year between 1970 - 1972.
Answer: The numbering scheme changed after yours was assigned, but if you still have your permanent number you can do an online check at Check your National Insurance record.
The same site lists a telephone number you can call for help, and a snail mail address you can use if the other methods fail.
If your number was a temporary number issued in the 1970's or earlier, then there will be no record of it today.
Comment: It is understand the numbering scheme has changed but I still have employee leaving copy so what would be the next step...
Comment: @AnisHaroon, answer updated

UK National Insurance Number


Searching for a non-neutral term that means "Enjoys risk" which is not Daredevil or Gambler

Question: Searching for a term that means someone who 'enjoys taking risks,' rather than 'someone who is not averse to taking risk' or 'someone who overcomes their aversion to risk.' "Undaunted" is neutral in response to fear; it isn't the same as "Enjoying dangerous situations." The closest words I can find are "Daredevil" and "Gambler." Semantically, Daredevil has too many connotations tying it to physical risk rather than all types of risk, and Gambler can be easily misunderstood as someone who frequents casinos. I'm willing to accept that within the constraints as I have defined them, there may be no word, but I thought I'd ask here just in case someone can think of one.
Comment: *Adrenaline junky* is another term, though it may also have too much of an implication of physical risk. Non-physical dangers can provoke the same physiological responses within the body though.
Comment: This is unclear. You're not specifying what kinds of risks you do want to take. What is the situation you're trying to capture?
Comment: In economics, the contrast to *risk-averse* is *risk-seeking*
Answer: Are you looking for "adventurous"?

"adventurous" (adj.)

"Willing to take risks or to try out new methods, ideas, or experiences."
  Origin: Middle English from Old French aventureus, from aventure.         Lexico
"Ready to take risks or to deal with new or unexpected problems.  Adventurous implies a willingness to accept risks but not necessarily imprudence." MW

e.g.
Adventurous youngsters went on a hike through the forest. MW
He is an adventurous cook who is always trying new recipes.  MW
Answer: Somebody who enjoys taking risks because of the feeling it brings is, in general, a sensation-seeker or, more colloquially, an adrenaline junkie.

From the definition of adrenaline junkie at Lexico (Oxford Dictionaries):

A person with a compulsive desire for excitement and adventure.
'a bit of an adrenaline junkie, he appears to have no regard for his own safety'
'All his experiences disarming and disposing of bombs made him an adrenaline junkie.'
'An adrenaline junkie from an early age, Aaron was into every extreme sport you can imagine.'

From "Can You Be Addicted to Adrenaline?" by Shahram Heshmat at Psychology Today:

Adrenaline is a substance released in the body when a person feels a strong emotion, such as excitement, fear, or anger. The adrenaline rush usually occurs when the body senses danger, the "fight or flight" moment.
Some people, known as sensation-seekers, are adrenaline junkies. Psychologist Marvin Zuckerman defines sensation-seeking behavior as the pursuit of novel and intense experiences without regard for physical, social, legal, or financial risk. Sensation-seeking is a general personality trait. And like any personality trait, it is more than 50 percent determined by heredity.

From "Why gamblers get high even when they lose" by Chris Baraniuk at BBC Future:

The first thing to note is that people don't just gamble for the prospect of winning. Mark Griffiths, a psychologist at Nottingham Trent University who specialises in behavioural addictions points out that gamblers list a wide range of motivations for their habit.
In a survey of 5,500 gamblers, the prospect of the chance to "win big money" was the strongest factor. But it was followed closely by "because it's fun" and "because it's exciting".
"Even when you're losing while you're gambling, your body is still producing adrenalin and endorphins," he says.
Answer: an audacious person  TFD
adj.

Fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold.
Unrestrained by convention or propriety; brazen or insolent: audacious rudeness.
Spirited and original:

Audacious comes from Latin audacia: daring, boldness and courage. Challenging conventions and doing things that most people don't do, that is an audacious individual.


Teleport a player to face an entity?

Question: If I have an entity, is it possible to teleport that player to face the entity without teleporting the player to the entity (Just changing his rotation)? How could I accomplish this?
Answer: The new syntax for /teleport in 1.13 added a "facing entity" option.
/execute as @p positioned as @s run teleport @s ~ ~ ~ facing entity ENTITY_TO_FACE

Answer: Here's an alternate solution to the other answer. It should work more accurately without thousands of command blocks, although it relies a lot more on trickery rather than a kind of brute-force method.
When you summon the Target mob that you want to face towards, you need to give it a specific UUID so that the UUID isn't chosen at random. I'll use an ArmorStand for this example:
/summon ArmorStand ~ ~1 ~ {CustomName:"Target",UUID:1-2-3-4-5}

If you're wanting to face towards a naturally spawned mob (where the UUID will be random), you'll need to summon another entity on top of it with a specific UUID as shown above.
Near to this Target, summon some kind of mob that can be aggressive, but also give it slowness and anti-jump boost. I'm using a Witch for this, although they throw potions which you may need to /kill. You can also make this Aggressor invisible if you don't want players to notice it.
  /execute @e[name=Target] ~1.5 ~ ~ /summon Witch ~ ~ ~ {AbsorptionAmount:350000000000000000000000000000000000000.0f, CustomName:Aggressor,CustomNameVisible:1,Attributes:[{Name:"generic.knockbackResistance",Base:1f},{Name:"generic.movementSpeed",Base:0f}],ActiveEffects:[{Id:8,Amplifier:-127,Duration:2147483647}]}

(The huge absorption amount is to make this Aggressor invincible, but still able to take damage)
Now you'll want to make the Aggressor angry at the Target. This is the reason we needed the Target to have a UUID that we know, we're going to summon a snowball that pretends it has been thrown by the Target above the Aggressor:
/execute @e[name=Aggressor] ~ ~ ~ /summon Snowball ~ ~2.1 ~ {ownerName:"1-2-3-4-5"}

The snowball falls onto the Aggressor, and it thinks the Target threw it (ArmorStands don't even have arms, but mobs are dumb) and starts tracking the Target.
At this point you should have whatever mob you're using looking very angry at an ArmorStand.
Now that the setup is done, it's fairly easy to use, even repeatedly.
Teleport the Aggressor to the player:
/tp @e[name=Aggressor] @p

Then wait a moment as the Agressor reorientates to face the target, and then teleport the player to the Aggressor:
/tp @p @e[name=Aggressor]

Answer: You can do it with armor stands.
When a player teleports to an armor stand, they take the rotation of the armor stand. Here is what you do:

Summon an armor stand 1 block south of the entity, facing north.
Teleport the player to that armor stand.
Kill the armor stand.

It will be useful to name the armor stand so you can find it later without interfering with other armor stands.
EDIT: How to do it without moving the player
You'll need a lot of command blocks, one for each little arc of the circle. The more you have, the more accurate it will be.
Here are the steps:

Create an armor stand exactly where the player is.
Based on where the entity is relative to the player, rotate the armor stand to face the entity. This is the part that requires a lot of command blocks. For example, if the player is 1 block south and 1 block east of the entity, the armor stand should rotate to 135º. You then divide the area surrounding the entity into a grid, then make a command block for each square. The command block makes the armor stands face the right way based on which grid square it is (you calculate the correct rotations beforehand). The grid squares can be larger than 1 block by 1 block.
Teleport the player to the armor stand. It's at the same place as the player, but rotating the right way, so the player will rotate.

You need to use the armor stands because you can't edit a player's entity data.
I think SethBling did a video with this type of thing once. I can't find it right now, but I think it was about a nether portal that showed you the nether on the other side. There was another video about endermen that always face you that might help.
Comment: Great answer, but is it possible to do it without teleporting the player to the creeper, just changing his rotation?
Comment: It'll take more command blocks, but you can. I'll update my answer.
Comment: "Based on where the entity is relative to the player, rotate the armor stand to face the entity." I think you should expand on how this part is accomplished, considering this step is pretty much what OP is asking how to do. Could you give an example command?

Teleport a player to face an entity?


openerp editable form view popup

Question: I am developing an OpenERP 7 addon. The module contains a custom product catalog which essentially consists of a OpenERP web custom widget with a bit of JavaScript.
From within my JavaScript code I would like to open the standard product.product form view in a popup window to let the user view - and also edit - the product data. The code that opens the form view popup is this:
var action = {
    type: 'ir.actions.act_window',
    res_model: 'product.product',
    res_id: record.id,
    view_mode: 'form',
    view_type: 'form',
    views: [[false, 'form']],
    target: 'new',
    context: {
    },
};
instance.client.action_manager.do_action(action);

which works great except I get no action buttons anywhere in the dialog so users cannot click 'edit' to enter edit mode and later save their changes by clicking on 'done'. When I use
target: 'current',

instead everything works as expected, however this does disrupt the inteded way the addon is used (I would like users to be able to stay on the catalog view while checking out products).
Any way to have action buttons appear in popup views?
Comment: can you make your problem more descriptive ?
Answer: Add
flags : {
    action_buttons : true,
}

in your action definition, by doing so you`ll be able to see action buttons in dialog pop-up you want to show.
Enjoy !!!

openerp editable form view popup


Windows 8 minimum screen resolution

Question: I had lately switched from Windows 7 starter to Windows 8 which works best on 1024*768.  My current screen resolution is 1024*600 - is there any possibility of improving this?
Answer: The metro interface and metro apps support a minimum of 768 vertical resolution.  This isn't what is best, but a specific requirement.
Your screen resolution simply isn't supported in Windows 8.  If you are running the developer edition, there are hacks to restore the start menu, however this is no longer possible in Consumer Preview as it is no longer part of the build.
Answer: I bypassed the requirements by virtualizing a computer that meets the system requirements and installing to it, then using VirtualBox CloneHD to create a RAW image which I wrote to my hard disk - this worked for bypassing the RAM requirement, for a time.
Of course, you need another computer to do this - I had access to a computer that I only have user priviliges on with nicer specs to do this.

Windows 8 minimum screen resolution


Is it allowed to quote a question of a other site on the Stack Exchange network?

Question: Recently, I found a question on Arqade that was similar to a question on the other site on the network. From my experience, duplicates between the whole Stack Exchange network are not possible. Is it allowed to quote the answer to the similar question and post it as a answer to the question on Arqade, quoting it and linking to the original question?
Comment: We don't mark cross-site things as duplicates.
Comment: It is not a duplicate. Different sites function as, effectively, completely separate entities who set their own rules without respect to the rules of other sites.
Comment: "From my experience, duplicates between the whole Stack Exchange network are not possible." This is incorrect. Two sites can support the same question, if that question is defined as in-scope for both sites. For example, both the films site and the sci-fi site could support questions on Star Wars.
Comment: @StrixVaria If both the films site and sci-fi site have a very similar question, is it considered a duplicate then or not?
Answer: I personally do not see any problem with this, as you are giving attribution to the person who originally wrote the answer on the other site. If it is a long answer however, I would only quote the most relevant parts and if possible add a little detail of your own. Quoting from another post on a different SE site is not really any different that quoting from another source.
Comment: SE content is licensed under CC-BY-SA, which stipulates that you can use the content so long as you a) Provide attribution (quote them, link back to original), and b) Provide the same rights you have to quote/copy/share to people who then wish to use your version. As Arqade is *also* under CC-BY-SA, this is automatically applied.
Comment: @Robotnik thanks for that info.


My bike Dominar 400

Question: Why is my coolant level low again and again. I drive for only 30 kms; after that the coolant is below minimum level. I top it up to the maximum level.
Comment: Welcome to the site. You have not told us much about the bike. How many miles are on the engine? Have you had recent maintenance done? Is there smoke or steam coming from the exhaust pipe? If so, what color is the smoke? Please use the [edit] feature to add details and maybe we can offer specific answers.
Answer: As the engine runs, it circulates the coolant. The coolant will also expand and contract with the heat cycles of the engine. As the coolant expands, any air in the system will eventually be forced out into the reservoir and bubble to the top. As the coolant cools and contracts, a small amount of coolant from the bottom of the reservoir will be sucked into the engine.
If the coolant was just changed, or this is a new bike, there could still be air in the system. This is normal, and over time the air will be expelled, it will be replaced with coolant, and the level in the reservoir will go down.
If this is a long term problem, it means the coolant is disappearing. The most obvious and simple reason for this is there is a leak somewhere. If you can, try parking the bike and a flat, dry cement pad out of the sun. It will be easier to identify leaks, as they'll leave drips or pools under you bike. Cleaning the bike helps as well, since you can more easily spot liquids on the outside of the engine.
The worst case scenario is that you're burning coolant as part of the combustion process. Telltale signs of this would be white smoke in the exhaust, a "sweet" smell from the exhaust, and a tendency for the bike to overheat.
Comment: The liquids used in vehicle cooling systems have a very small cubical coefficient of expansion so the change in level due to change in temperature is very small - if a large change in  level is evident then air is probably in the system...
Answer: I also own a Dominar and have seen this issue in lot of other dominars. This issue can happen due to many reason. the bike might have a factory fault which might be draining the coolant.
coolant can also come out of reservoir if heated instantaneously, as experienced in  "Mumbaiker Nikhil's" bike too. Due to sudden change in heat from a cold start, whole coolant expands more than capacity and starts spilling. This might have happened at the moment you were driving. Thus went unnoticed.
Although new Dominars are seen using too much coolant in the break-in time.
I will suggest going to service center and getting checked any seepage in the radiator assembly or the coolant reservoir and pipes.

My bike Dominar 400


Can I have multiple templates for a content type under "New Documents"?

Question: I am a new SharePoint 2010 user. I have a situation where I need to add templates to a sharepoint library, so when a user selects "New Document" a list of templates displays.  Multiple templates have been developed for each type of document-example:There is an Announcement template available in MSWord, Outlook, and PowerPoint. Users will pick their template based upon the best delivery method. There are 12 other types of content/documents that have multiple templates, so the list is too long to display as a straight dropdown from "New Document". Is there a way to have the different templates display when the user hovers over or clicks on the template?  Example:  User clicks or hovers over Announcement and Outlook, MSWord, and PowerPoint display?
Answer: As far as I know, it is not possible to do this out-of-the-box. You have to develop a solution for this.
But there is already an open source project called Template Hub for SharePoint on codeplex existing for this purpose. It is well documented and available for SharePoint 2010 and SharePoint 2013.
Have a look at this. Maybe this fits your requirements.


How do unkeyed hash functions (for MDCs) provide security?

Question: Unkeyed hash functions are, by definition, hash functions computed without a key. SHA-1 is an example. MDCs (message digest codes) are a subclass of unkeyed hash functions. How are unkeyed hash functions secure, when the message is encrypted with a known, open hash function and without a key?
Comment: Hash functions are not encryption.
Comment: Welcome to cryptography Stack Exchange. Your question was migrated here, because it is mainly about the theoretical parts of cryptography, not the application thereof (which would be on topic on Security Stack Exchange). Please register your account on both sites (using the same mail address) to take ownership of your question again, be able to edit, comment and accept an answer.
Answer: Your question is ill-posed; to determine whether they provide "security", we need a specification of what you mean by security.
So I'll answer about just one potential use of hash functions:
Are you thinking about using hashing together with encryption to try to protect the integrity of the message against tampering?  If so, generally speaking, unkeyed hash functions do not provide security against tampering with the message.  You should not use them for message authentication or integrity protection.
(Some people used to recommend appending an unkeyed hash of the message to the end of the message, and then encrypting, in hopes that this would prevent tampering with the message.  They called the hash function a "MDC".  We now understand that this construction is not secure.  Therefore, you should not use this approach.)
Instead, you should use either authenticated encryption or use a message authentication code (MAC).  Both constructs are keyed functions.
If this is not what you were asking -- or even if it was -- you need to revise your question to clarify what you mean by "security".  Security against what threats?


Is GNU Octave a perfect place to code neural networks

Question: GNU Octave is used for its simplicity and compiling speed to write numerical algorithms (such as eg machine learning problems), but I wanted to know if I can also use it for faster coding of neural networks.
Answer: No.
The key to implementing neural networks easily and fast is having automatic differentiation. This is the key feature that allows programs using Python libraries like Pytorch or Tensorflow (and Keras), to implement only the forward pass of a neural network and have the backward pass computed automatically.
Octave does not have automatic differentiation. While Matlab's deep learning toolbox seems to include automatic differentiation, I think it is not included with Octave. And even if it were, the deep learning community is mainly focused on the Python ecosystem, and the rest of the environments like R or Matlab are paid almost no attention in comparison.
Answer: As far as I know GNU Octave is an open-source alternative for Matlab. Although you can use Octave for machine learning (nnet package), I doubt you could use it for "faster coding" of neural networks.
Here are my thoughts on why that is the case:
When you say "fast" there are two interpretations, writing code fast and writing fast code.

Writing code fast: Beating any of the python libraries seems to be a difficult task, especially keras. I have to admit, I never used Octave (but I have experience with Matlab), but I doubt you can write a simple network model + training / evaluation loop faster than with keras or pytorch.
Writing fast code: Most libraries fall back to fast C++ routines (BLAS / LAPACK) when it comes to heavy numerical computations or implement functionality in C++ straight away. I assume Octave does the same. You may know that GPUs are the way to go today for large problems since they are much faster than CPUs for deep learning and I'm not sure if you can use a GPU together with Octave. If not, this would be for sure a huge disadvantage.

In the end you have to decide what fast means for you and what do you like to achieve. Here is a quick overview of current deep learning libraries. Here is a recent paper which benchmarks TensorFlow, Caffe, Torch and Theano in terms of speed for CPU as well as GPU. Unfortunately I did not found any comparison bewteen python (TF,Torch, ...) and Octave (nnet) / Matlab (Deep Learning Toolbox).
Answer: No.
The deep learning community is overwhelmingly using Python as a language. PyTorch (maintained by Facebook) and Tensorflow (maintained by Google) are the main two frameworks. Since both frameworks are ultimately bindings on top of C++ code, it is pretty difficult to beat the performance that they give you.
R has some neural network packages, and so does Java and Julia, and I am sure other languages do too. But there is simply no reasonable evidence why you shouldn't use Python for deep learning.
I can only see two valid reasons to not use Python for deep learning:

You don't have a choice and have to use another language
You are capable of writing a numerically stable, hardware accelerated, deep learning framework from scratch in the language of your choice.

Also, you don't really need to "code" neural networks anymore. Frameworks do the heavy lifting for you. They have optimized implementations of pretty much everything you'd want to create the neural network you want.


What is the difference between an automatic transmission and an automated manual transmission?

Question: What is the difference between an automatic transmission (AT) and an automated manual transmission (AMT)?
Answer: In answering this question I'm assuming you already know the difference between an Automatic Transmission (AT) and a Manual Transmission (MT).

Conventional Automatic Transmission (AT)

Minimal to no power interruption
Automatic moving-off
Various gear ratios
Efficiency: 90-95%

Automated Manual Transmission (AMT)
Functionality is the same as a Z-speed manual transmission in constant-mesh or synchromesh but the process of shifting gears and moving off are automated.

Power interruption like a manual transmission (MT)
Automatic moving-off
Efficiency: 92-97% (pretty much the same as a MT)
Reputation for poor shift quality and reliability

There are more - I wasn't sure if you were looking for functional differences or characteristics. See the reference I've provided for more info - it is a fantastic textbook.

Reference:
Automotive Transmissions: Fundamentals, Selection, Design and Application (Naunheimer et al.)
Comment: I still don't understand, but I'm not very well versed in the terminology of transmissions. ; )  I'll leave it up to the original questioner to determine if their question is answered.
Comment: @hazzey It is a pretty broad question - not sure if the OP is looking for a detailed answer on how their functionality differs or not.
Comment: It was just a general question.


Comparing Acidic Strength of H3PO4 and H3AsO4

Question: The $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ values for $\ce{H3AsO4}$ and $\ce{H3PO4}$ are $2.30$ and $2.12$ which indicate that $\ce{H3PO4}$ is a stronger acid compared to $\ce{H3AsO4}$. I looked up their electronegativity values to find that they are almost the same for both arsenic and phosphorus. I feel $\ce{H3AsO4}$ should be the stronger acid because arsenic atom is larger in size and the charge is spread out in much more volume which should make the conjugate base more stable. What am I missing out?
Comment: When comparing acidic strength for oxoacids with the same number of oxygens, typically the acid with the central atom of higher electronegativity - in this case P, will be more acidic. This is because the electrons are slightly withdrawn from the OH bond as the electronegativity of the central atom increases. As bonding electrons are pulled closer to the OH bond, the molecule becomes more polar, and so the molecule becomes a stronger acid.
Comment: Charge is mostly on oxygens, BTW such a difference as this is negligible .
Comment: Wikipedia lists the [electronegativity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)) of phosphorous as 2.253 and arsenic as 2.211 on the Allen scale.  Wikipedia's values for the pKa1, pKa2 and Ka3 of [phosphoric acid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoric_acid) are 2.148, 7.198 and 12.319. For [arsenic acid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_acid) the values are 2.19, 6.94, and 11.5. Consider the pka2 and pKa3 values I find the electronegativity argument dubious.
Answer: The stability of an acid is judged by the strength of it's conjugate base. If the conjugate base is stable, it implies that it is a weak base and hence the corresponding acid is stronger.
Now consider $\ce{H3PO4}$. The structure has one $\ce{P=O}$ bond and $\ce{3 P-OH}$ bonds.

The conjugate base would be one Hydrogen short from an $\ce{OH}$ group. Similarly with $\ce{H3AsO4}$. However, the conjugation (resonance) will be better in the case of $\ce{P=O}$ bond, since it is an orbital overlap of oxygen's $\mathrm{2p}$ and phosphorus' $\mathrm{3p}$ as against arsenic's $\mathrm{4p}$. $\mathrm{2p}$ and $\mathrm{3p}$ are of comparable size and account for a better overlap and better resonance, distribution of electronic charge and hence a more stable conjugate base.
Consequently, $\ce{H3PO4}$ is better than $\ce{H3AsO4}$ as an acid.
Answer: H3PO4 has more EN atoms than H3AsO3 first of all. So it wins that first (checkmark more ability to stabalize a negative charge therefore more stable and that means stronger acid.
P + 4 oxygens > As +3 oxygens. Secondly, there are more terminal oxygens on the H3PO4 as well. All of the oxygen atoms on the H3AsO3 are bonded to the 3 H atoms.
IF they had an even number of electonegative atoms bonded to the central atom and equal (or even closely similar) number of terminal (not bonded to H) oxygens... then we can go ahead and compare their size since they are in the same column on the periodic table. When you have binary acids bonded to one other anion... go ahead and jump to electonegativity comparisons ( for comparisons in the same period) or size of anion comparisons (if in the same column or group.) first. With oxoacids like this first compare which one has more electronegative atoms .... then compare their electronegatively/ size.
Comment: The OP has in mind $\ce{H3AsO4}$, not $\ce{H3AsO3}$.


my tire is wobbling and I need to know possibilities!

Question: I had a flat tire on my front right and I definitely need an alignment because they were wearing on the inside of both front tires. I moved my rear tires to the front and just replaced and balanced the two in the back. Ever since my front ride tire wobbles (at any speed) if it hits any groove or anything. I wanted to hold off the alignment for a little longer because I'm super broke now, but also scared it might be something worse or more expensive. Any ideas?
Comment: Is the wheel seated properly? Are the nuts done up tightly? Try taking it off and putting it back on...
Answer: Safely jack one or both front wheels off the ground. Manually spin the tire while watching the tread pattern. If you notice a shift in the tread you have a bad tire. Sometimes the belts the tires are made of shift under the tread. It is also referred to as tread squirm or shift. It can be subtle enough to not be noticeable on the rear but can be felt when the tires are mounted on the front.


Moving away from using a table to display a list of user profiles

Question: I'm looking for a new inventive way to display a list of users that can be selected and managed. I was thinking about a grid type view with animated drop for more details. Any help with this would be great. See image for table view mock.
Answer: What i'm seeing there is tabular data. If it's tabular data, why not show it in a table?
It takes the least screen space, it's easy to read, paginate, order and most important: compare data.
Comment: Thanks for your comment, thing is... I very much doubt there will be huge numbers in this list. It's a list of users that can manage a dashboard. So I was thinking why not have them as 'cards' on a grid? That the administrator can hover and edit etc.
Answer: It's becoming a stock response for this kind of thing these days, but take a look at card-based layouts.
In this case, you would represent each user profile as a card.  By doing this, you are left with discrete blocks of content per profile, with a standard layout used by all cards.
By using this approach, you still maintain a common basic layout per profile shown, but you've got more scope for interesting layout within each card.  Comparing data between two profiles is slightly harder, but in general a user is still able to cast their eye over the screen and see differences between individuals due to the common layout.
Because you're not limiting yourself to a single table row per profile, you're also not forcing each contained field of data to be the same height - you can do things like making a profile image larger, or a displayed name have a bigger type size... most of which can introduce problems with cell or row height in a traditional table layout.
It's not an approach which is appropriate across the board, but it's certainly another approach worth attempting if you want more options for a compelling layout.


Rituals in Buddhism

Question: Are there any rituals in Buddhism? Do rituals in itself can be become a source of attachment? The more grandiose the ritual , the more the merit! If there is a ritual, what is the right way of conducting a ritual that doesn't invoke materialistic thoughts and actions.
Answer: Mr/Mrs 8CK8,
The meritorious rituals in brief:

Giving or Generosity (Dāna)
Moral conduct or Virtue (Sīla)
Meditation or mental Development (Bhāvana)
Respect or Reverence (Apaciti)
Service in Helping others (Veyyāvaca)
Transference of Merit (Pattānuppadāna)
Rejoicing in other's Merit (Abbhanumodana)
Expounding or Teaching the Dhamma (Desana)
Listening to the Dhamma (Savana)
Correcting one's View (Diṭṭhijju-kamma)

once one has entered the Dhamma, the stream, all those thing will be natural and no more performing as a ritual and habit is needed. He/she has abounded the fetter of being attached to rites and rituals.
How all this ritual are good and best made and learned, one would learn best at a monastery (Wat pali Vatta: that which is done, which goes on or is customary, i. e. duty, service, custom, function vata: a religious duty, observance, rite, practice, custom) or being in association with those who practice it in daily life.
So for example, if you would feel that you like to ask a question, you would address certain person, persons in a proper moment, fold your hands, ask for pardon to disturb, or great, or bow, what ever the situation and the people in front of you. You would take a lower seat. You would ask if it is ok to ask and then, invited, you would go on. Just one sample with many many more details in regard of Savana here.
People who tell that rituals and merits are child stuff and just bind are mostly (1) not able to perform the basics, (2) try to get the fruits without a seed and simply try simulate sublime stages. They would be much to greedy to do such things and make scarifies. Otherwise it would be that modern world is full of Ariya disciples. (who btw. would not stop to do such when it is proper and within their community)
What you are doing and how you are doing things are also rituals and habits but mostly no good habits, so the first, before even thinking of letting go all, is to change to good rituals. You final aim is to give up all kind of kamma, but not before you start your work and reach the working place.
What is the right way of conducting a ritual that doesn't invoke materialistic thoughts and actions
What ever is inspired by a confident heart, by a faithful heart, by a devoted heart, a staunch heart, will conduct a mist beneficial ritual. And confident, faithful, devoted, staunch to what? Confident, faithful, devoted, staunch in regard of the Buddha, in regard of the Dhamma, in regard of the Sangha, in regard of your own virtues results.
Since Dhamma and defilements of the worlds beings are timeless, and the todays situation is the same like in Buddhas times, it might be good for you to learn about the different of Uposatha. Like in this times there have been people performing the Uposatha like cowherd, thinking simply on fruits and how to get them and the much more dangerous branch with is most dominant to day since there is such as lay-Buddhism is the tradition of the ninganthas, the jains, who today bear the clothes of the Buddha, teaching meditation, anatta and abhidhamma. Certainly and with reason even called thieves by the Buddha:

At the end of the night, he resumes the consumption of his belongings,
  even though they aren't given back to him. This counts as stealing, I
  tell you. Such is the Uposatha of the Jains, Visakha. When this
  Uposatha of the Jains is undertaken, it is not of great fruit or great
  benefit, not of great glory or great radiance.

There was a lady who came to the monastery to perform meritorious rituals and the Buddha explained here of what rituals are of benefit:
Muluposatha Sutta: The Roots of the Uposatha
(Note: this answer has not been given with the agreement to be means of trade or the purpose of/for trade and/or keep people trapped and bound. How you handle it lies in your sphere, but does not excuse the deed here either.)
Answer:
Are there any rituals in Buddhism?

Culturally there is. E.g. Kandy Esala Perahera. Even morality or even service or even generosity sometimes maybe in the form f a rite or ritual. There can be some merit in doing something as a rite or ritual but the results are not the best you can reap. Dana Maha-p,phala Sutta discusses this in the context of generosity. (Giving in account of tradition is akin to a ritual.)

Do rituals in itself can be become a source of attachment?

Yes. This is one fetter than binds you to Samsara.

The more grandiose the ritual , the more the merit! If there is a ritual, what is the right way of conducting a ritual that doesn't invoke materialistic thoughts and actions.

The results are decided on your metal volition and that of the beings gaining benefit. More grandiose the ritual the effort put into it is more an at a certain point the intensity of volition may diminish and may not be as meritorious as a more simpler act with more intense volition.
Say I have a pen which I am attached to. When I see it I get present sensations or experience. Now I decide to give it which can have either pleasant or neutral sensations. If the recipient is happy receiving the gift you may feel more happy or experience more pleasant sensations. By truly knowing the sensations are impermanent, unsatisfactory and non self only can you pratice true giving. Also having initial and sustained awareness of the thoughts of giving can intensify the results. Likewise of any other act which can be in form of a rite or ritual can be turned into something more fruitful.

Rituals in Buddhism


How can I display that an event is full on a Drupal View?

Question: Currently a user needs to click through to an Event info page before they know if it is full or not.
Is there a way to take this information:

"This event is currently full."

and display it in a Drupal View/ Pane?
Answer: One approach would be to use the views_php module to embed a civicrm_api3 call to find out if the event is full, then print the result into the view. E.g.
<code>$event = civicrm_api3('Event', 'getsingle', array('return' => 'is_full', 'id' => $row->id));
if (!empty($event['is_full']) {
  print "Event is full";
}
</code>
Comment: You can get the is_full value from the event get api call and requesting "return.is_full" in the params
Comment: Two years later is still one of the best solutions?
Answer: We have been using the module "views conditional" to do that. Here's how it works:

install and enable the module "Views Conditional"
enable the relationship Event -> Participant in the view
activate aggregation in the view in order to count the number of
participants (hide it if necessary)
add the field to the view: (Event -> Participant) COUNT(CiviCRM
Participants: Participant ID) (hide it if necessary)
add the field to the view: CiviCRM Events: Event Max-Participants
add a global field (math expression) to the view and calculate the
remaining places. The math expression could look like this (but
depends on the name of your fields: [max_participants] - [id_1]
add a views conditional field and define it similar to this: Views: Views
Conditional (If expression is Less than 1, output FULLY BOOKED, else
output REGISTRATION AVAILABLE) (also see screenshot)

Be aware that this approach is also kind of a workaround and has some shortcomings. For example, the aggregation function would also count cancelled participants. You could set a filter but it may have undesired results on your view (such as not showing events without a registration).
Nevertheless, the views conditional module in combination with the aggregate function may open up new possibilities for you. Just make sure to test properly before productive use.
Answer: In the Drupal extension CiviCRM Entity 7.x-2.0-beta9 release there is a new feature that allows to check if an event is full as view extra.

CiviCRM Views Extras -- Added Views field handler for CiviCRM Events -
  Event is Full - True if event is full false otherwise
Answer: Yes you can. You can create your own views based upon the CiviCRM event data what you need to do is probably build a check in your view which compares the number of registered people of the number of available places.
Answer: Just had to set this up, and the combo of civicrm entity 2.1 and views conditional works really well.
Make a view of civicrm event type. Add the "event is full" field and then make the views conditional based on whether event is full is 0 or 1.
Answer: We experience the same challenge. I see a solution with the views_php module but that is not a recommended module. Another way would be to use a custom event field that has the number of registered people (filled after every registration by a custom extension). That field would be available in the views module. But easier would be if there was a way provided by civicrm core to retrieve the number of registered people in a view. That field I believe is not available (yet).


How does this island rotate without melting the whole half of the planet with friction?

Question: My friend asked me if a 150-200 km wide island (more precisely, a lithospheric plate of such size) that rotates insanely fast by the geological terms, something around one rotation per week, is possible. I don't think it is possible via ordinary physics though, since the energy needed for that would likely just melt the whole surroundings and vaporize the seas. But can this exist with some handwaves or artificial solutions?
Answer: Made out of rock, check.
200km wide, check.
Rotating once per week... umm... Would you settle for rotating every 2.3 days?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumice_raft
https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/9784204/worlds-biggest-pumice-raft-under-water-volcano/
All you need is some floating rocks, and a natural gyre in the ocean.
This one is only about the size of Manhattan.

If you want even more solid rock, as in an actual tectonic plate spinning around, you are out of luck.
Tectonic plates as a rule do not engage in rotating motions, their primary movement is linear, slamming into each other or pulling apart or rubbing along each other.
All three of these activities tend to be accompanied by plenty of earthquakes, very often volcanoes, and very little movement. Even the most hasty of tectonic movement, such as the mid-Atlantic rift opening up, proceeds at a rate of less than 5 cm per year.
Comment: Pumice rafts are essentially glorified floating dust. They also disperse rapidly, in days to weeks. I'm not sure that an "ephemeral stain that you can't even stand on" satisfy OPs definitively of "island".
Comment: If rock isn't a requirement, I remember in my younger days sitting off a beautiful lake in Finland and watching the wind casually push a half-mile-square island across it. All the OP needs are trees with strong, inter-tangling roots and the build up of enough biomass to make the island a couple of meters thick (and buoyant). Suspension-of-disbelief would allow it to survive a hurricane, but maybe not a tsunami. But, I'm not sure the pumice would survive a tsunami. That might actually be a limiting factor to the believablity of the idea.


Complement of a DFA without final states

Question: Let $L_1=\{Q,\Sigma,q_0,\delta,Q\}$ be a DFA that accepts a language $L$ and where all the states are also final states. If we want a DFA that accepts the complement of $L$, we swap its accepting states with its non-accepting states, that is $\overline{L_1}=\{Q,\Sigma,q_0,\delta,Q-Q\}$. In this case we have a DFA without final states. Is this still a DFA? Is it regular?
Comment: What is a DFA for you? Is $\delta$ a total function?
Comment: The definition of a DFA just requires the set of final states to be a subset of the set of states. We don't require anything else. In particular, a DFA is allowed to have no accepting state, or no non-accepting state. A DFA without accepting states accepts the empty language, hence this language is regular (since a language is regular iff it is accepted by some DFA).
Answer: It's common to write DFAs which don't have transitions on every symbol. These are called "incomplete" DFAs, and there is really nothing wrong with them as long as it is understood that they are incomplete. But they don't satisfy all of the requirements of algorithms which require complete DFAs, and the complement algorithm you are using is one of those. (There are many other such algorithms. For example, Hopcroft's state minimization algorithm doesn't work on incomplete automata, at least without some adjustment.)
If the DFA you are referring to is complete and has no non-accepting states, then it must be the case that it recognises $\Sigma^*$ so that its complement is the empty set. But I have a hunch that's not the case.
You can always convert an incomplete DFA into a complete DFA by adding a single non-accepting state with a looping transition on every symbol. (This is usually called the "sink" state, because there is no way out.) Then for every other state which has no transition on one or more symbols, you add all the missing transitions with the sink state as a destination. Since the sink state is non-accepting and non-escapable, this operation does not in any way alter the language recognised by the DFA.
Once you've done that, it is (probably) no longer the case that every state in the DFA is accepting; there is now one non-accepting state. And the complement algorithm will make that non-accepting state accepting, and all the other states non-accepting, which will produce the complement of the language.
Answer: If I understood it correctly, then $L$ contains every possible string, because no matter what the input is, $L_1$ will terminate on a final state.
Since $L_1$ accepts every possible string, its complement should accept no strings, hence the empty language.


Can you download and play Realm of The Mad God from somewhere else other then Steam?

Question: I'm not a big fan of Steam, and I hate playing over my browser even more, so is there a way to download the game client from somewhere else and play it without third-party software like Steam?
Answer: No, not really. Currently the only forms in which it can be played are through the main website, Kongregate (Thanks @Ullallulloo), Steam, and the Google Chrome Web Store.
After some work, you could maybe disassemble the flash loader file and download the files from the server, but you would have to keep on top of changes to the system because it seems they upgrade relatively frequently (monthly). And in all the announcements for Steam support, it lists it as a browser game, which would indicate that it has no support for other forms.
Haven't tested, but if the flash file loads files from the server in the right manner, you could potentially just download the loader file (the one the browser loads) and play it in flash player. But that is probably the best you'll be able to do for now.
Comment: Note: It's on Kongregate now.
Answer: With this extension you can do it: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/jnppoimalombohimhmfmpldimliadlal
Open game's web page and click extension's icon on toolbar. When it fullsized game, right click and press "Save a shortcut" button. It'll download and make a shortcut to play game without browser.
Firefox version of same extension: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/swiffout/?src=api
Comment: I added firefox version of same extension. Also think it's a tool to download game. Because when you "save a shortcut" you won't need browser to play game. It will download it and you can play it just like a desktop app.
Comment: I don't use Chrome,i absolutely dislike that browser,i installed it multiple times and ended up unistalling it after only few minutes everytime.Personally i don't get it why so many people like Chrome because imo it's one of the worst browsers out there,i only like Firefox and Opera.Thanks anyway though.
Answer: You can make your own executable with Flash Projector that's literally just a window that plays the Flash game within. It solves a lot of the loading/memory problems and reduces lag heavily, makes controls more reactive.
Answer: I believe the only place it is available is Steam, Kongregate, and the Google Chrome web store. I currently play Realm of the Mad God through Google Chrome, I find it the easiest way to play. Except that the 'Ninja' character is only available on Kongregate, until December the third, when it is released to the public.
Answer: Well adding on to X-Master of the Realm-X, you can play on Steam Kongregate, Google Chrome web store, silvergames, kabam, Sites Google, one more level, and much more. Realm of the mad god is currently going on many websites and getting very popular. I prefer Kongregate because when you get to level 20 on a ninja, you get a free Cave of a thousand treasures map that when you drop it, it opens up into a dungeon. I will say Google Chrome web store works the best but I play on Kongregate.


What is the difference between MEL and CDL?

Question: I know the MEL and CDL are the minimum equipment list is provided by the manufacturer, if component missing or damaged means the aircraft must pass the MEL and CDL, I need some suggestions how it was actually working in aircraft maintenance
Answer: The MEL lists the limitations of the aircraft when some equipment (autopilot, transponder...) are inoperative.
The CDL deals only with non-structural external parts (wheel fairing...) that may be missing without grounding the aircraft.
From this website, emphasis mine:

The CDL is a listing of regulator-approved non-structural external parts that may be missing but the airplane remains airworthy.
To qualify an item onto the CDL, a restrictive set of conditions must be met, e.g.:

The effect of the missing part upon adjacent structure and systems must be evaluated.
The effect upon airplane performance must be measured.
The combined effect upon the aircraft when more than one CDL item is present must be determined (i.e. the effect of a combination of items missing).

[...]
The CDL should not be confused with the MEL (MEL). While the MEL describes the limitations of aircraft operation in case of a system being inoperative/having malfunctioned (e.g. transponder failure), the CDL deals with situations where external parts of an aircraft are missing/fallen off (e.g. fairings, aerodynamic seals or panels).
Comment: FYI, in spite of what Skybrary says, the CDL on my airplane has parts that are not only external (some insulation bags under the floorboards, for instance).
Comment: @Lnafziger good to know. It makes sense to be on the CDL though, since insulation bags are neither structural or equipment and the aircraft probably fly just fine (with some limitation) if they are missing.
Comment: Thank you for your answer :)..But still, I do not understand the concept of MEL. Please advise me
Answer: The practical applications of MELs and CDLs happen when a snag over a defect is raised over something broken or missing, by somebody examining or operating the aircraft.  The exceptions allowed are intended to allow the airplane to dispatch with something inoperative or missing, for some interval of time and possibly subject to some mitigating action by maintenance and/or flight crew.
The objective is to avoid grounding the airplane for repairs right away.  A lot of MEL items allow operation for up to 10 days with a redundant subsystem inoperative for example, usually subject to a maintenance deactivation procedure, or an additional flight crew action, that mitigates the risk of the inop redundant subsystem.
So a typical scenario is a flight crew observes a status message that one of the two channels of some system is inoperative, maybe inbound, or at the gate.  They will consult with the airline's maintenance control organization and look up the subsystem in the MEL and if the subsystem is covered, follow whatever maintenance action (like deactivating an actuator by removing power to it or locking it out) or crew action (like doing an ops test every flight instead of first flight of the day, or at routine check), continue flying, and schedule the repair within the MEL item's time allowance.
When a component has good MEL coverage, a significant reliability problem with it becomes a cost issue, related to the need to do something about it eventually, instead of a causer-of-delays/cancellations, which is a much worse problem.
When an airplane enters service, the OEM makes a huge effort to make its MEL/CDL as expansive and comprehensive as possible, as this has a huge effect on dispatch delays and the overall dispatch reliability of the fleet. They will also grow it over time, and there is normally a permanent working group set up between the OEM and regulator to manage and improve the MEL/CDL over the fleet's operating life.
Comment: Nice insights on how those lists affects dispatch and maintenance :)
Comment: Thank You for your wonderful and understandable answer.


Can you separate clauses using ついて/ use a clause ending with ついて as an entire subject/topic?

Question: Here's the sentence I've composed.
すしを買うことについて、母を尋ねる。 The meaning I intend is something like, "I'll ask my mom about buying sushi," like I'm telling my friend I'll be asking her for permission to do so.
I'm unsure if this is grammatically correct in multiple respects-- can I use 買う as I did or does that require a different conjugation, like the potential, and does the について serve the purpose of blocking that whole idea off as what I will ask my mother?
My logic in composing it was like, "The idea of buying sushi, regarding that, (I will) ask my mother."
Thank you in advance.
Comment: 「母**を**尋ねる」 means "to go looking for one's mother  whose whereabouts are unknown".  It does not mean "to ask one's mother".
Answer: I am a native speaker of Japanese but not of English. So my English may not be natural, but I hope to be helpful.
Your sentence is grammatically correct and your logic is also correct. But this sentence is a bit unclear. It has several meanings. Context can change its meaning. In some context it means i'll ask my mother when I should buy sushi. In others I'll ask her how about buying sushi or whether I can buy sushi. So 母にすしを買っていいか聞いてみる( I'll ask my mother whether I can buy sushi ) is more true to your intention to ask permission. And 尋ねる sounds  a bit too formal like inquire in English. So 聞いてみる is more natural in this situation.
Comment: わかる、ありがとうございました! The みる appended to 聞いて gives a meaning similar to "try to ask," right? Is there a reason I would not say 母にすしを買っていいか聞くinstead, or is it still correct, merely less natural?
Comment: どういたしまして^_^ Yes exactly. you are right. みる can mean both I'll and I try to. Yes, there is. 聞く doesn't include will or try's meaning. It is similar to "I ask my mother whether I can buy sushi" in English.


Render multiple photoshop layers to file automatically. With a twist

Question: I have a question about automating my workflow. I have a photoshop file that consists of a Base Layer with some content that will always be visible. I also have a second category of about 15 layers that i wish to render on top of that base layer. Now I would like to achieve two things.
Firstly I would like to automate the rendering so that it will save 15 (strictly speaking 16) versions of that file with Base layer + one of the layers in the second category (including the version with just the base layer strictly speaking).
Secondly I would like to render all versions in all combinations. I.e All combinations with Base Layer + 2 layers of the second category, all combinations with Base Layer + 3 layers of the second category and so on.
Is this already a scripting job or is there an easier way to achieve this?
Best regards Roxi
Comment: I think you would probably have to write a script for this. Perhaps you could record an Action, enabling certain layers, and saving, etc. But an Action wouldn't be much use unless you had lots of separate files with the exact same structure and layer names to process. To be honest, if this is for just one file, you might be quicker just doing it manually.  The time taken to write a script and test it may be longer.
Answer: You could look at using layer comps in Photoshop and export via export layer comps.
You may find it laborious to set up at first but you can make a layer comps and on that layer specify what layers are turned on an off.
I would advise caution though. After several layers it can easily get confusing what layer contains what, so my advise for you is to use a logical naming convention that ties back to the layers and makes it easy for you to keep track.
For example, I have a .psd file with a layer called Base layer 1 and then Artwork layer 1, Artwork layer 2 etc up 15.
For my layer comps I may called them Base layer 1 + Artwork Layer 1, then Base Layer 1 + Artwork layer 2. This way after a lot of layer comps in different combinations are made I can keep track of their set up and match them up to artwork layers.
One last point. On layer comps you can toggle visibility, position, and appearance. If they are turned on it will remember them. If they are are turn off it wont, and you could easily end up with a lot of layers that are not remembering which layers need to be on ir off.
Comment: Combining the base layer with up to 3 other layers will give [455 combinations](https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=combinations%5B%7B1%2C2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C7%2C8%2C9%2C10%2C11%2C12%2C13%2C14%2C15%7D%2C%7B3%7D%5D). That's a lot to set up manually. And the OP wants "and so on"!
Comment: You make a very reasonable point Wolff.


Taxation of foreign capital gains for Indian residents

Question: How are capital gains on specifically foreign stocks taxed in India for Indian residents? Are they added to income and taxed at ordinary tax rates? If yes, can capital losses be deducted from ordinary income? Or are capital gains taxed at different rates?
Answer: Capital gains are taxed at 10% for short term and 20% for long term (holding more than a year).
The taxes are applicable if overall taxable income is above taxable threshold. I.e if you are only making say Rs 2,50,000 Including capital gains,  no taxes...
Comment: Thank you. Are these rates applicable to foreign capital gains too? Are capital gains taxed separately? What about capital losses? Are you sure that the short term capital gains tax rate is less than the long term rate?
Comment: So there is no incentive to holding stocks for long term, then?


GTA 5 Xbox one online accounts

Question: So I have two Xbox ones and I am planning on getting GTA 5 for both so I can play it where I go but I am concerned that if I am using the same Xbox account I will have two seperate GTA online accounts so does anyone know what it will do?
Answer: You will have the same save game, synced to the cloud. I would also suggest you couldn't play on both with the same profile at the same time.
The Xbox you have as your home Xbox will be the one it works on offline and online. The other Xbox is the one only the person who's profile owns it can play.

GTA 5 Xbox one online accounts


Why don't see notifications on 5.0.2 Android update for Sony Z3 Compact

Question: Just updated to latest 5.0.2 Android on my Z3 compact, but noticed I cannot see any notifications for any apps on the lock screen.  I have tried all settings (show all, not show sensitive etc.) for "when device is locked" setting, but nothing shows up.  Could someone help provide a step-by-step guide on getting notifications to show on the lock screen?  This is extremely frustrating for me, especially if I have to enter my PIN to get the home screen just to look at notifications...  Thanks.
Comment: well have you tried restarting your phone?
if doing that will still be the same, try connecting your phone to pc companion and re update everything or try factory reset.
Answer: I think the problem is that you are using the PIN lock screen. Try changing to something else and hopefully it will work.
I also faced this problem and it disappeared when I changed the lock screen type.
Answer: XDA found a workaround. It's your exchange account.  http://forum.xda-developers.com/z3-compact/help/notifications-lollipop-lockscreen-help-t3084398
Comment: Welcome to Android Enthusiasts! Whilst this may theoretically answer the question, [it would be preferable](http://meta.stackoverflow.com/q/8259) to include the essential parts of the answer here, and provide the link for reference.
Answer: Go to settings - apps - choose messaging - than tick the box with show notification.
It took me ages to find this.


Does your university name matter?

Question: If you are seeking an engineering job, do employers care about which university you attended? Do they look at your grades, or bias their decision based on the college's reputation? There are stories of Ivy League graduates struggling to find employment, while another person at a small, virtually unheard-of college grabbing that opportunity. So if you are attending a prestigious school, and your grades are lower than someone who is attending a small, high-school-like school, how will that affect your employment opportunities?
Comment: Questions about non-academic jobs and careers are off-topic here.
Comment: @Wrzlprmft The 'relevant for career choices of people who are still at the university' part of your comment doesn't make this question on-topic. I personally wouldn't label 'engineer' as an academic job, at least not uniformly (I can believe there are research-based engineering jobs, but I suspect there are ones that are not about research too).
Comment: @EnthusiasticStudent: Engineer is an academic job and thus this question does relate to academia as it is relevant for career choices of people who are still at the university.
Comment: This question appears to be more on-topic on [Workplace SE](http://workplace.stackexchange.com/) since it is asking about **industry jobs**. However, I am not too sure it would be closed as opinion-based there. I persoanlly would not vote to close there.
Comment: If you are asking about *research* jobs in engineering, then this question may be on-topic and you should edit it to clarify. If you're asking about non-research jobs, I'm afraid that it's outside the scope of this site as defined in the [help/on-topic].
Comment: See also "[To choose which Masters program to attend, should I favor institution or specialization?](http://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/26273/to-choose-which-masters-program-to-attend-should-i-favor-institution-or-special/26330#26330)"
Comment: @MadJack By the time the students graduate, it might be too late and the question would be off-topic here. If the question asks what a professor can do to help the students find their jobs easier during the four years they are in school, then I think it's on-topic here. My personal opinion.
Comment: @MadJack I don't really think asking this question as a professor seeking to guide students is more on-topic than asking as a student. An advisor seeking to understand the non-research workplace should ask this question on a site where the non-research workplace is on topic. But, the community is welcome to disagree with my opinion by casting reopen votes.
Answer:
If you are seeking an engineering job, do employers care about which university you attended? Do they look at your grades, or bias their decision based on the college's reputation?

If you have a solid foundation in the skills that matter for your engineering discipline/sub-field, and can convey that to recruiters in a phone/on-site/on-campus interview, then I would say that to a first-order where you did your degree does not matter so long as you can get the recruiter's attention.
Getting the recruiter's attention is the trickier part for those coming from lesser-known schools. For example, at the engineering schools I'm familiar with, new grads can find a lot of good fresh-out career opportunities by attending on-campus engineering career fairs and the like. The downside of attending a lesser-known engineering school is that they may not have a decent attendance of engineering companies that come to the campus for recruiting purposes in the first place. This puts the burden on the student in getting a recruiter's attention.
Engineering students (and students in other fields, I'm sure) from any institution can greatly benefit from networking with peers at other institutions and those already in industry. For those from lesser-known institutions, networking can be an invaluable tool for opening doors to career opportunities. Also, while obtaining an internship may be equally as difficult as obtaining a full-time position for those from lesser-known schools, participating in several internships along the way to obtaining your degree if at all possible (and performing the duties of the position well) would really go a long way to improving your chances of success.
Comment: A top graduate of a second-tier school  may bemore intreesting than a second-tier graduate of a top school. Emphasis on may; it depends on what you've done/learned.
Answer: Many firms tend to prefer certain schools -- drawing exclusively from CalTech or from MIT, etc. Some hiring managers tend to feel that this builds coherence and loyalty within the engineering ranks.
(Heavens forbid that you put an MIT engineer with a Caltech engineer on the same team unless you want to have them compete against each other.)
Some hiring managers have intense loyalty towards their own school and want to promote their own.
Others simply choose the best available in a specific domain.
It all boils down to the hiring philosophy of the company.
My own advice is that you should choose the program that you feel has the best fit with your interests. There's no point in going into a 'good' program if it's weak in your own area of study.
Comment: It is thought that engineers from the same program tend to think the same way, use the same tools,  come in with pre-existing friendships, get drunk on the same football weekends, and generally get along better. Whether or not this is actually true is unknown.
Comment: At least for startups, the coherence argument is utter nonsense.  See http://carlos.bueno.org
Comment: +1 for the coherence argument.  I didn't think about that one
Answer: As much as we'd like it not to matter, many large employers do have "preferred" schools, whose graduates don't have to go through as much scrutiny.
That said, the effect is diminished when you're applying to smaller firms, where there are less layers of HR involved in the hiring process.
Comment: @iamcreasy: For example, if you are not from a "preferred" school, your future hiring manager may be responsible for providing extra documentation that your degree meets the "standards" for employment. Extra steps and bureaucracy may be involved in such cases.
Comment: I'm not sure this is limited to big companies. If the boss of a small company is from Caltech, she may tend to bring in other Caltech people. It's just not as visible from the outside since the *n* is smaller.
Comment: Could you please elaborate on your first line?
Answer: Does it matter: yes.  Everything matters.  Next question please!  Upvote at your leasure!
The question you should ask is "How much does it matter?"
The answer really depends on how well you know your field.  A brand-name school is most likely to help you get through an initial screening, but unlikely to land you the job.  If you're on the fence, technically, and you need a large number of interviews to land the job, a brand-name school may be the ticket you need.  On the other hand, if you actually know your stuff, you won't be so dependent on "good luck" in the interview, and you can afford to get missed in the screening once or twice... all you need is one interview and you're set!
Alternatively if your activities stand out, you wont need the brand-name school to sell your way past the screening process -- what you've done will speak more than your alma mater.
Answer: Traditionally, yes but more and more companies are beginning to move past that. Government jobs however are different. They would select based on school and also background.
But, anyone who has worked in a diverse environment would know all that very surface level. Engineering is all about finding solutions to problems. It always depends on the company's business model, hiring policies, alliances and other factors. It is not as clear cut as school where an A is an A regardless of the person getting it.
The whole "go to a good a school, graduate and get a good job" line is very misleading. It might work out for a lot of people (especially back then when a select few go to college) but do not depend on it to work out for you (unless daddy's the boss, then why are we even discussing this). Depend on yourself first and keep at it till it does work out. It sucks but you will be able appreciate every bit of it much better than you struck gold at first strike.

Does your university name matter?


Adapting melodies from pop culture to liturgy

Question: On JM in the AM, once, I heard a leading chazzan -- sorry I don't recall the name, but he was a leader in an organization for chazans -- make the argument that it is assur to adapt melodies from pop culture and use them when davening from the amod.  My first reaction was, "I thought the melody many shuls use for Adon Olam was an old French marching song."  My second thought was that in Modern Orthodox synagogues, I occasionally did heard the liturgy sung to an occassional pop tune, and that Lenny Solomon had written an entire album of Beatles melodies to words from the siddur.  But then again, I've heard rabbis say that Schlock Rock, Variations, and the like, are more suited for baalei tshuva than Jews from a yeshivish background.  Then I remembered the controversy when Lipa Schmeltzer adapted a pop song for his song "Uman, Hey," although I frankly never heard the original. Also, pop music sometimes creeps into our Jewish musical vocabulary unknowingly.  My son-in-law tells the story of his Rebbe who was humming a Simon and Garfunkel tune and had no idea that it was a pop culture since he had thought it to be from Jewish liturgical music.  Does anyone know the sources for these restrictions and to what degree, if any, there is consensus?
Comment: To clarify, you're asking about the use of such music only in liturgy, right?
Comment: Related to the second half of your post: [this answer](http://judaism.stackexchange.com/a/2418/1442), as well as other answers to the same question.
Comment: @msh210:  Yes, only liturgy.
Comment: A lot of Syrian prayer melodies are directly adapted from popular Arab love songs.
Answer: See Rabbi Student's excellent treatment, "Kedusha of Roses", here.
It's discussed; hundreds of years ago there were discussions about church music; Rabbi Moshe Feinstein says listening to gospel tunes without the words is distasteful but permissible; Rabbi Y.H. Henkin shlit'a concludes quite reasonably that it all depends on what will/won't distract the congregation. (His essay in Bnei Banim -- linked above -- is marvelous, and has a full treatment of the subject.)
A Sephardic friend of mine informs me that the Sephardic world has been more open to external music, with R' Ovadiah Yosef shlit'a punning -- al aravim betochaH talinu kinoroteinu -- our harps [of liturgical music] are supported by the [musical traditions of] Arabs.
Comment: Source for Rabbi Yosef is [here](http://judaism.stackexchange.com/a/8815/1569)


How to dry fruits without sunlight or a dehydrator?

Question: I need to dry amla (Indian gooseberry). I live in India so we get plenty of sunlight but I live in the city and it's very dusty outside, so I can't leave fruits out, otherwise they'll be covered in dust.  But the indoor temperatures are quite warm (around 30 degrees celsius). Can I just dry the fruits (preserved in sugar syrup) indoors or will they spoil?  thanks for your help :)
Comment: Sugar syrups tend to form crusts and sticky goo rather than dry uniformly. Can you rinse that off before drying?
Answer: The key to drying fruit is not temperature, but humidity - or rather, lack of humidity.
If you want to avoid mold,you need to speed up the drying process. And for that, you need to keep a few points in mind:

Place fruit in a single layer, not touching each other. Ideally you would place them on some sort of "drying rack", which could be either some kind of screen on a frame or even some metal mesh like the ones used for cooling cakes. This ensures that they can dry from all sides. Otherwise, turn them regularly.
Maintain a dry environment. If in doubt, always choose a cooler, but drier place over a warmer, but more humid one.
If available, constant air flow can speed up the process considerably. Perhaps a fan could be placed nearby?
If necessary, fruit can be dried in an oven, but at the lowest heat possible (40 to 50 C should be fine, use the oven fan, if you have one) and with the door slightly ajar.


Have any of Heinlein's (then) fictional inventions been developed into actual ones?

Question: I'm not a smoker, but I thought that Heinlein's self-lighting cigarette idea is a darn good one.  Are any of his fictional inventions actually being produced or researched in the real world?
Comment: In his Future History stories, an inventor suggest a helpful device for the electricty-starved world in the book - an IR sensor light switch, that shuts lights off in rooms with no humans in them. Those are now available in real life.
Comment: Tangentially, in "For Us, the Living" Heinlein appears to have correctly predicted the year WWII would end several years prior to the actual event.  I've always wondered if that was editing or scary coincidence.
Answer: Well, one leaps to mind:  The therapeutic Waterbed.  Heinlein described it in detail enough that there was some issue on the patent.
To quote from the Stranger in a Strange Land page:

Stranger contains an early description of the waterbed, an invention which made its real-world debut a few years later in 1968. Charles Hall, who brought a waterbed design to the United States Patent Office, was refused a patent on the grounds that Heinlein's descriptions in Stranger and another novel, Double Star, constituted prior art.

This site lists 119 inventions credited to RAH; I'm not sure I agree with them all, but it's interesting to look at. I think it is more of a 'Credit for the Idea' than a true list of inventions.
Also he didn't invent them, but he's the source of the term 'Waldo' for remote telefactoring devices.
Comment: I think a waterbed appears at the start of Beyond This Horizon. It empties itself as part of Felix's wake-up call.
Comment: @sueelleker - You are correct; it does appear there, but is only described with "Hamilton became aware that the water had drained out of his bed, and that he lay with nothing between him and the spongy bottom but the sheet and the waterproof skin."  Stranger is usually sited, tho, as it has a bit more descriptive info, "The patient floated in the flexible skin of the hydraulic bed." "Nelson opened a valve at the head of the bed; water drained out." "...fill it first. Frame did so, cutting off the flow when the cover skin floated six inches from the top."  as does Double Star.
Answer: Too many to list here. A few are:

CAD/CAM software, from A Door into Summer.
Robotic Prosthetics, from Citizen of the Galaxy
Computer Controlled Cruise Missle, from Citizen of the Galaxy
Genetic engineering, from Between Planets
Waldoes (remote manipulators), from Waldo and Magic Inc
Computer controlled showers, from Starman Jones
Voice activated security locks, from Stranger in A Strange Land,

etc.
Answer: Since your question currently is not limited to technology, I feel compelled to mention to grok, a term Heinlein coined in Stranger in a Strange Land.
Answer: Cell Phones
He used the concept of portable phones in many of is novels starting in 1948. The basic concept of his "pocket phone" was just that, a phone that fits in your pocket and allows you to make phones calls from anywhere.
Velcro
He came up with an idea strikingly similar to velcro in 1957's The Door Into Summer. Velcro was patented in 1955 and the company built an office in the US in 1957, with the US patent filed in May of 1958.
The Internet
He also predicts the internet in a couple of his books. His first attempt was not digital, but pneumatic, and involved live librarians who sent you copies of requested data.
His second attempt, which was in 1983 was a bit more on point, but since the internet already existed, this isn't as amazing, but what is pretty cool is how he describes using the technology and getting lost in endless clicks while doing research.
Comment: Welcome to [scifi.se]. Good first answer! Could you [add the titles](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/posts/158251/edit) of the works you have in mind for your examples of the Internet? Oh, by the way, you might like to take the [tour].
Comment: There were mobile phones in science fiction well before Heinlein started his writing career, e.g., the pocket radiophone in Donald Wandrei's story ["Finality Unlimited"](http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?47955) in *Astounding Stories* for September 1936, and the pocket videophone in Thomas McMorrow's story ["Mr. Murphy of New York"](http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?58808) in *The Saturday Evening Post* for March 22, 1930.


how to broadcast ethereum signed transaction without web3.js or any other web3 library/client

Question: Is there any secure and reliable way of broadcasting signed Ethereum transaction without using Web3 library like with some service and some sort of HTTP API?
Comment: Can you explain why you don't want to use a library for this? All the library does is call the HTTP API. You can write your own code to do that, but why?
Comment: there are some small targets like embedded devices where you can't fit web3 library, so you need HTTP API but for what node?) If you are a company that don't want to or can't rely on the third party - seems you need your own node and own HTTP API
Answer: I thought I did good research, but its a duplicate, with many answers, for example, Where can I get list of open Ethereum nodes so I can use the RPC calls?
Just any available node with RPC API. Or make your own one ;)


adjust flavor from inexpensive brandy

Question: I put cheap brandy in my sauce for stew and it smells like gasoline. Can you adjust this in any way? Of course I made enough for a big group coming over tonight!
Comment: **Never** put alcohol you wouldn't drink in your food. That's my advice for "next time." And yes, that means absolutely no "cooking wine" (my "sherry I cook with" is a large bottle of inexpensive sherry, not Harvey's Bristol Cream but not something terrible, loaded with salt and labeled "cooking sherry") As for this time, I think Lars has it right, other than "throw it all out and start over." ...at least I assume you don't drink "gasoline brandy."
Answer: Well, the good thing is, what you smell is everything that left your stew in order to float around in the kitchen. My attempt, with no guarantee for success, would be to seriously reduce the sauce down to jus/gravy and then fill it up with water again. Then use some cream to soften any remaining taste.

adjust flavor from inexpensive brandy


Clarification on ethereum block number

Question: When we are searching to update the balance on ethereum we got this link Click here. But now in our server the latest block number is above 1900000 but till now we didn't get update the balance. When we look at the ethereum.io website it shows 2300000 on transaction. so please explain how it works and when it will update?
Answer: If the transaction that created the balance occurred after block 1900000, then it wouldn't have happened yet (according to your local node). Etherscan.io (did you mean etherscan.io or ethereum.io?) is always up to date (mostly), so if there's a balance there, then there will be a balance on the local server once it catches up. Your node is not synced.

Clarification on ethereum block number


How to Install Oracle 10gR2 EE database on Ubuntu 12.04

Question: I've been able to install an Oracle 11gR2 EE database on Ubuntu 12.04 by using a tutorial found online.  But, I also need to run an Oracle 10g database (not XE).  Anyone know of or have a tutorial for 'How to Install Oracle 10gR2 Enterprise Edition Database on Ubuntu 12.04' on a 32 bit machine?
Answer: I suggest to have VirtualBox installed on your Ubuntu, and then you can have 10gR2 on some OLD Linux dist inside VM, maybe CentOS?


F13 with normal Western Keyboard and Mac Taken?

Question: I'm trying to setup F13 (PrtSc) on my Das Keyboard to trigger Skitch, but Skitch says F13 is taken. I looked all through the keyboard shortcuts menu in the System Prefs and I can find F14-15 but not F13. Any ideas where this is and how to disable it so I can use Skitch?
Comment: @Phil - It's quite on-topic for Super User
Comment: belongs to [http://apple.stackexchange.com/](http://apple.stackexchange.com/)
Answer: It looks like Services menu items on 10.6 can define keyboard shortcuts that don't show up with the rest of them.  Since the Services menu is context-dependent in 10.6, finding out what shortcuts have been taken that way may be tricky.  (I just discovered this while researching how to write my own service.)


How to right-click in google chrome

Question: I'm trying to get directions from two points on the map. I can't figure out how to do this in the mobile version of the site, so I switched to "classic" (desktop) mode. It says to right-click on the map to select a location. How do I right click? Long tap does not work. The stylus button does not work.
Answer: There are several gestures which aren't really supported on mobile devices including right clicking, hovering and most keyboard shortcuts. It is up to website developers to recognize this when designing their user interfaces and either build in alternative gestures or simply rely on universal input methods like clicking/tapping.
Your best bet would be to contact the owner of the website you're having trouble with.
Comment: I'm sure Google will get right on that ;)
Comment: If you think about it, they already did.  They provided a native Maps app for the more involved interactions.
Comment: yeah except that it is missing a lot of functionality compared to the web page, which is why i wasn't using it to try to find directions between two points on the map.
Comment: Although it's unfortunate, there is no way to send a right click to a web page in a mobile browser using only the touchscreen.  Sites (like Maps) could choose to respond to alternative gestures like a long-hold, but are not required to.  Google chose to go the native app route for complicated interactions on mobile.  If this answers your question, please mark it as such.  If not, please do edit your question to describe what ur really after.

How to right-click in google chrome


How do you track submissions to publishers/markets?

Question: What tools (software or otherwise) or procedures do you use to track the progress of submissions to publishers or other markets? How do you reduce the chance of accidentally (and embarrassingly) submitting the same thing twice to the same market?
Comment: Given the partial answers so far, perhaps this should be changed to community wiki, unless someone wants to write an answer that summarizes the tools and options available.
Comment: @neilfein: Yeah, I was thinking that when I asked it, but there are so many other questions like this already on Writers.SE that aren't CW...
Comment: This has been [brought up in meta](http://meta.writers.stackexchange.com/q/42/26). I hope we get this sorted out soon, whether a question is CW or not affects how people write their answers, or it should.
Answer: For tracking short stories and direct submissions to publishers, use Duotrope, a free online tool that contains every market you've ever heard of and a multitude that you haven't, complete with submission history, links to websites, etc. Also, be sure to donate to them, because they deserve it.
For tracking agent queries, use Query Tracker, which has a similar feature set but is geared towards literary agents (which Duotrope doesn't cover). They also have a premium subscription for 25$ that gives you a bunch of additional nice features.
Comment: I had no idea Duotrope had a tracker. I'll have to check it out. Thanks.
Comment: The situation has changed. You may wish to look at this question that I posted just now: https://writing.stackexchange.com/q/56357/49757
Answer: For each story I have a spreadsheet set up that not only has the usual information about a story (Word count, summery and the like) but also information about all my submissions, including:

What magazine it was sent to
The editor at the time
When it was sent out
When it came back
What the results were
Any notes about the submission

It's not fancy, but it does the job pretty well and it's easy to set up/move around. I make a point of keeping the editors name because it can change how I submit a story. If an editor rejects a story saying that they liked it, but it's not right for that magazine and then they move to a magazine that's a better fit, it's worth sending it in.
Answer: I use a combination of:

Sonar 3 (a submission tracking tool); and
Tagging submitted files in a Subversion repository

Sonar 3 is a nice little desktop app that let's you define stories, markets, and create "submissions". Each submission links a story to the market it was sent to, records responses from editors, acceptances/rejections, and allows some filtering of stories.
Subversion is a version control tool generally used in software development. It stores all my documents in a single central repository, and allows any particular revision of a file to be retrieved exactly as it was. (It works well enough but I'll be moving to Mercurial as soon as I work out some "issues" with my current repository). There is an existing question that has more details on version control tools.
Answer: Em. Could be an agent taken as a tool? If so, I guess you can use them.
Comment: I don't see why not, though I was thinking more along the lines of short stories/articles, which are less likely to be agented and you'd probably have many more of them than book-length works.
Comment: sure, but also this question could be *posed* by an agent
Comment: This answer might work better as a comment on the original question.
Answer: Spreadsheet. Easy to configure to meet my needs. Easy to update. Screen shows info at a glance. Cost? Free. I use OpenOffice.
Answer: I use Bento, a personal database program from the people who make Filemaker.

I have one "library" for stories, one for markets, and one for submissions.
Each submission gets logged, and then I relate the market and the story to that entry. (This is where Bento falls down--a full database program would do it automatically.)
Now I can scan my submissions log, or I can open a story's entry and see everywhere it's been, or I can open a market's entry and see what's been sent there.
Each story also has a field for "future markets", listed in priority order. When one comes back it takes about 10 seconds to log the rejection, look up the next market, and make sure nothing else is currently submitted there.
The submissions log includes date sent, date returned (or lost, withdrawn, or sold), word count (which can change if I revised between submissions), and notes.

I also use Duotrope because it tells me when I can expect to hear back based on others' reported response times, but I keep the Bento database because it's faster and more customizable.
Answer: I use a database that I built using Filemaker Pro. It's far from perfect, but I'd like to share my notes about submission tracking in case they help you to decide how you would like to track your submission.
p.s. this same question is being asked in a few places on here:
What's a good program for tracking submissions?
How do you track submissions to publishers/markets?


Coefficients of Farrow structure?

Question: What is the method for generating coefficients for the Farrow structure in Matlab? I am designing a low pass filter using firpm, but the output of the Farrow structure is not delayed.
Comment: I'm not sure what you want to achieve. The Farrow structure is basically an implementation of an *adjustable* FIR filter. Often the adjustable parameter is a fractional delay, but that's not necessary. If you have designed a fixed FIR filter there is no standard way to convert it to a Farrow structure. Which parameter should be adjustable?
Answer: The farrow structure effectively interpolates between different sets of filter coefficients, so if you need an adjustable delay ($\delta$) of, say, 0 to 1 samples, you need to create a number (K) of FIR filters covering that delay interval. The matlab command then creates a $ K-1^{th} $ order polynomial in $ \delta $ to represent each filter coefficient.
As Matt L said, if you don't need an adjustable delay, or to interpolate between filter coefficients based on some other parameter, there's no need for the farrow structure. If, however, you're just interested in how to get from FIR coefficients to farrow structure coefficients in general, I can post some rough code as I was messing about with this the other day. (hint: it's just simple least squares fitting).
Answer: I wrote a Python script to generate the coefficients for FIR sections of Farrow structure:
from sympy import *
N = 3
h = [1]*(N+1)
Delta = symbols('Delta')
for k in range(N+1) : h = [h[m] if m==k else h[m]*(Delta-k)/(m-k) for m in range(N+1)]
Cs = [Poly(h[m], Delta) for m in range(N+1)]
C = [Cs[m].all_coeffs() for m in range(N+1)]

The code is really simple, it calculates the coefficients of Lagrange interpolation polynomial for a given $\Delta$ and rearranges each coefficient as a polynomial of $\Delta$ and extracts the coefficients. For $N=3$,
\begin{equation*}
  C_s = \left[\frac{1}{6} (-\Delta+1)(\Delta-3)(\Delta-2), \quad \frac{\Delta}{2}  (\Delta - 3) (\Delta - 2), \quad - \frac{\Delta}{2} (\Delta - 3) (\Delta-1), \quad \frac{\Delta}{6} (\Delta-2) (\Delta-1) \right ]
\end{equation*}
and
$ C = [[-1/6, 1, -11/6, 1], [1/2, -5/2, 3, 0], [-1/2, 2, -3/2, 0], [1/6, -1/2, 1/3, 0]]$
I don't have MATLAB symbolic toolbox, but it shouldn't be hard to convert this code to MATLAB code. Please note that this is an indirect way of calculating the coefficients, there is probably a close-from expression but didn't really care as I always implement my Farrow structure for N=3 or N=4.
Ref : Lagrange Interpolation
Answer: If you are using a Farrow structure for resampling or interpolation, one way of looking at it is as the sum of multiple polynomial evaluation structures, where each polynomial is fit to a portion of the impulse response of the low-pass filter function (for example, a polynomial fit to each sub-section or lobe of a windowed Sinc, which the first few lobes of a firpm impulse response may resemble at sufficient resolution).

Coefficients of Farrow structure?


When inflation is mentioned over a period of more than one year, is it typically reported as a compound annual growth rate?

Question: When we say "inflation has remained steady at 2% for the past 5 years", is that typically taken to mean 2% compounded annually for each of those years, or something else?
Comment: Are you asking whether the 2% figure is the result of compounding over 5 years, or are you asking whether you should compound the 2% figure 5 times in order to get actual price information?
Answer: When the government and the media report inflation, they are just reporting the annualized rate.  If you calculated the compounded value over any length of time it becomes very scary.  Also this is why we all have heard stories from older people about normal items costing virtually nothing 40 or 50 years ago.
This article explains the compounding effect pretty well.
Answer: It depends on who's providing the statistics. The CPI page on the Bureau of Labor Statistics has a FAQ which discusses this:

... [W]e publish many indexes ... Often, the
  media will report some, or all, of the
  following:

Index level, not seasonally adjusted.
  (for example, May 2008 = 216.632).
12-month percent change, not
  seasonally adjusted. (for example, May
  2007 to May 2008 = 4.2 percent).
1-month percent change on a seasonally
  adjusted basis. (for example, from
  April 2008 to May 2008 = 0.6 percent).
Annual rate of percent change so far
  this year (for example, from December
  2007 to May 2008 if the rate of
  increase over the first 5 months of
  the year continued for the full year,
  after the removal of seasonal
  influences, the rise would be 4.0
  percent).
Annual rate based on the
  latest seasonally adjusted 1-month
  change. For example, if the rate from
  April 2008 to May 2008 continued for a
  full 12 months, then the rise,
  compounded, would be 8.1 percent.

A figure like "inflation has been 2% over the past 5 years" probably refers to an annualized rate of increase of 2% a year for the past 5 years, leaving the dollar's purchasing power at about 90% of its original value (or prices at about 110% of their original value).
If you want exact numbers, look up the figures in the index yourself rather than worrying yourself over how to compound an approximation (monthly? yearly? continuously? none of the above!)
Answer: Using a compound annual rate as a standard measure makes comparison easier. Trying to compare a X% rise over Y years to a W% rise over Z years requires a bit of math to figure out the equivalency.  If everyone lists numbers as an annual rate, a child could tell you which number is bigger without grabbing a calculator.  Standards tend to be semi-arbitrary, but they make things easier.  Calculating the difference in the buying power of a currency over any significant length of time has little practical purpose (save for idle curiosity and depressing people) compared to analyzing if the inflation rate is too high or low compared to known standards of comparison.
Answer: Yes, according to Investopedia:

"Compounding refers to generating earnings [or losses] from previous earnings [or losses]."

This is how inflation works as well.
The graph below clearly shows the compounding effect of inflation.

Inflation must be compounded because there is no "starting" year where money was first given value. When applying 2% interest, this is done to the value of a dollar at its value when the interest was taken. It is also possible to take averages of the inflation rate over a period of years.
Comment: @fennec According to the link published in the post you answered, the answer is yes: "Because it isn't just a arithmetic doubling it is a compounding."