Does myopia tend to decrease the risk for later hyperopia?

Question: It seems like being nearsighted for much of your life due to elongated eyes would make it easier in general to focus on near objects rather than far since the lens would not have to change much. Since in old age we lose the ability to focus close images due to a hardening of the lens over time, wouldn't having eyes shaped more for near images be helpful in maintaining the ability to see close up, and thus nearsighted, or myopic people, would be less likely to develop farsightedness, or hyperopia, with age? It seems then that nearsightedness is more of an adaptation that occurs at a young age, so that these people can work up close for longer periods of time both in the the short term(studying) and long term(age). I'd love to hear if any research has been done on this subject, and any other input you have.
Answer: It is generally understood that we tend to become hyperopic as we age (reference). As to whether this aids in decreasing myopia is stated as marginal in papers. One paper titled "Is there a hyperopic shift in myopic eyes during the presbyopic years?" states that

it was found that almost all hyperopic and emmetropic eyes showed an
  age-related hyperopic shift; but only a small proportion of myopic
  eyes shifted toward hyperopia, with others remaining relatively stable
  and still others increasing in myopia.

In a second study titled "Age-Related Decreases in the Prevalence of Myopia: Longitudinal Change or Cohort Effect?", it was found that there is a decline in the prevalence of myopia in older adults.
Some people in personal experiences have stated that their myopia has decreased (reference) while others found themselves wearing bifocals (reference). In closing, I would say that this is something that your Ophthalmologist may be able to predict better but it is not a given that your myopia would decrease. It may or may not be so with many factors like your eye shape coming into play.
Answer: Let me see whether I can explain this quickly. The eye size is tightly regulated genetically. Babies don't have big eyes, they have exactly the same sized eyes like adults, only their head is smaller. Myopic eyes are larger than normal and hyperopic eyes are smaller than normal, even though the difference is only 1 to a few millimeters. When you focus to the far point, the light focusses to the nearest point possible in the back of your eye. When you come closer to an object, the focus point inside the eye moves further out. Thus, the farsighted person with the small eye can only see when the object is away. Moving closer moves the focal point inside the eye to behind the retina. The opposite is true for myopic people with too large eyes. When a person gets old, the lens gets stiff and cannot adjust the focal point inside the eye to the distance of the retina. Thus, the lens remains stiff in the most relaxed state (extended), or - in other words - at the most distant focal point the person had when it was young. A normal-sighted person has his old-age focal point at the horizon and since his lens is stiff, can only see sharp from the horizon to a few meters in front of him (depending on the intensity and wavelength of the light - blue light better than red). A short-sighted person is of disadvantage when old, since his far point remains to be at short distance. He gains a little sharpness over the normal sighted person in the short distance, but loses it in the distance like he always did. You can calculate this nicely, actually. All physics.


Spoofing the user agent in Konqueror globally

Question: There's a browser identification menu for spoofing for specific sites, but how do I change the user agent for all sites?
Answer: The default UA generation is hardcoded and you cannot adapt it without changing the source and recompiling.
However, depending on what you attempt to do the following work-around may be acceptable. The site/domain specific UA filter matches domain names part-wise. The consequence is that you can enter a top-level domain name and the specified UA works for all sites in that domain, e.g. enter net and pick Opera and you will spoof Opera on all sites whose domain name ends in .net.
Pick the most common TLD from the lists: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLD http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTLD


Section of the Zohar before Magid -- English Translation

Question: At the Pesach Seder, before Magid, some say the portion from the Zohar "פקודא בתר דא".  Where can I find an English translation of this?
Answer: Translation from this page on the Chabad.org website.

The commandment following this one (26th) is to relate the praise of
  the exodus from Egypt, as is incumbent upon every [Jew] always to
  relate these praises. We have explained that every [Jew] who relates
  the exodus from Egypt and rejoices when relating that account is
  destined to rejoice with the Shechinah in the World to Come, which is
  the most joyous of all. For such is a person who rejoices in his
  Master and G‑d rejoices in his story.
At that time, G‑d gathers His whole retinue [of angels] and says to
  them: 'Go and listen to the account of My praise that My children are
  relating, and rejoicing in My redemption.' At that time, they all
  gather and come and join with Israel to hear the story of the praise.
  They rejoice with the joy of the deliverance by their Master, and come
  to thank and praise G‑d for all these miracles and mighty deeds, and
  thank Him for the Holy Nation that He has on earth that rejoices in
  the joy of the deliverance of their Master.

Original text courtesy of Sefaria:https://www.sefaria.org/Zohar.2.40b.7?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en and https://www.sefaria.org/Zohar.2.40b.8?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en
Answer: This is a free translation of the text as it appears in the haggadah of the Yaacov Emden siddur. It is taken from Zohar, parshat Bo, Raya Mehemna (2:40b-41a). Those words in italics are my clarifications.

The mitzvah which is after this is to tell about the praises (meaning
  improvements or benefits) of the Egyptian exodus (meaning departing
  from finite, limited conditions). That it is a constant obligation on
  a Jew to recount these praises.
Thus, do we (meaning Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and those who follow his
  teachings) establish.
Every Jew who recounts about the Egyptian exodus and rejoices in this
  recounting with outward joy (simcha), in the future will rejoice
  with the Shechinah (meaning the revelation of G-d's presence within
  the creation) in the world to come.
That this is joy from every perspective. It is the Jew rejoicing in
  his Master and the Holy One, blessed be He rejoicing in this story.
In this moment, the Holy One, blessed be He gathers together the
  entire Heavenly household (including the servants of the Heavenly
  household meaning all angelic forces) and says to them, "Come and
  listen to this story of My praise which my child recounts and how they
  rejoice about My redemption."
Then, they all come and join together with Israel and listen to the
  story of praise. That they (meaning Israel) rejoice about the benefits of
  the redemption which is from their Master.
And they (meaning the Heavenly household) come and give thanks to
  the Holy One, blessed be He over all the miracles and the overcoming
  of opposition (gevurot). And they acknowledge to Him about the Holy
  Nation that is His in the land, who rejoice about the benefit of their
  Master's redemption.
Then, power and the overcoming of opposition is increased for Him
  above. And Israel, through this story, give power to their Master.
  Like with a king whose power and strength is increased at the time
  that they (his subjects) rejoice about his strength and acknowledge
  him.
And all of them (the Heavenly household) are moved because of Him and
  His glory (gravity) is increased by all of them.
On account of this, is it necessary to rejoice and recount this story.
  Like it is said in similar matters, a Jew is always obligated to
  recount before the Holy One, blessed be He and to publicize a miracle
  which He has done for them from among all the miracles which He has
  performed.
And don't be surprised that this is an obligation and say, "Doesn't
  the Holy One, blessed be He know everything?! Everything that is, will
  be, and was?! What is this publicizing to Him and why is it done? He
  knows!"
Rather, it is certain that it is necessary for the Jew to publicize a
  miracle and to recount before Him everything that He did. (Meaning
  that on account of Him, everything was done. It is not random.)
And thus, these words ascend and the entire Heavenly household gather
  and are warmed (influenced and moved) by them and all of them
  acknowledge the Holy One, blessed be He. And the honor (which has a
  connotation of gravity) of G-d increases over all of them, above and
  below.

The emphasis here is that Israel, through fulfilling this mitzvah which relates to them personally and individually, cause the Heavenly household to perform the same thing in regard to everything (all the miracles and all the gevurot that G-d does everywhere).
Israel is the catalyst which changes the creation from a place where G-d's presence is hidden and concealed (a universe which appears to be populated with individuals and separate states of being) to a place where G-d's presence is revealed (where G-d is one).
It shouldn't be lost on the reader that much of the language used in this Zohar is describing how this ultimate revelation of G-d's oneness in the universe (Shechinah) relates to increasing gravity (Yikar, G-d's honor which also can mean heaviness.) Taken in a modern sense, this infinite increase in gravity (which is going out from the boundaries of this universe, Yetziat Mitzrayim) would result in a manifestation of the singularity, where everything is, quite literally, one.


How can I hide a table in a particular database?

Question: In my database I have a table called Price.
I want to hide this table.  Is this possible ?
Comment: Hide it from whom?   A user in enterprise manager?
Answer: If the user does not have SELECT permissions on the table then they will not be able view the table in Object Explorer.
i.e.
deny select on TableToHide to UserThatShouldntSeeTable
go

Comment: didnt work for me. After running the command, I got the message "Command(s) completed successfully", but the table is still visible in Obj Explorer (even after refresh).
Answer: Depending on your particular circumstances, you may be able to use the Tables "filter" functionality. You can filter your list of tables in the Obj Explorer to view only those tables that satisfy certain criteria. (Unfortunately, you cannot HIDE certain tables, you can only SHOW certain tables, while hiding all others.)
To do this, simply r-click on the "Tables" node, and select Filter -> Filter Settings. This opens a dialog which allows you to specify the criteria (name, owner, date of creation, etc) by which you want to specify which tables should be visible. More details can be found in this post.
It's too bad you can't save filters (based on schemas, for example), but at least it's a start.
[Now if only we could do the same thing with the list of Databases on shared servers...!]


BDD precondition volatility

Question: If there are some possible points of failure in your preconditions, is it a bad practice to put in asserts in your Given steps, or if that is unclear, should Given statements ever fail?
Comment: If the setup steps can have different (valid) outcomes, then they should not be part of your setup steps. They should be part of separate tests.
Comment: Could you please edit your question to explain what you mean by "volatility in setting up preconditions"? Do you mean that something in the setup steps fails so you don't get to your test, or that the setup steps can have different outcomes?
Comment: "the setup steps can have different outcomes?" <-- exactly.  Thank you.  You said it much better than me.  Cheers!
Answer: Each test case should have a specific objective that is closely dependent on
 preconditions.
In order to accurately assert that the test has passed i would recommend including the precondition as a assertion. Failure would indicate that the setup failed, not that the functionality failed.
Additional if you need to test how the functionality behaves when a precondition is missing, create a separate test.

BDD precondition volatility


Where can I find the code for my Ford Figo music player

Question: In changing cars, I have moved my old Ford Figo music player to the new car. But I have forgotten the codes for it. How can I find this?
Comment: Welcome to the site. Which codes are you refering to? If you can provide a model number for the media player that may help people. Also, you may just need to go to a dealer (or possibly contact a dealer) to get that information. If not a dealer, then whoever makes the unit will surely have all that information.
Answer: Typically these codes are in the owner's manual. Check the documentation that came with the car.
I have also seen posts that the code is also on the side of the glove box. Here is a video how to find it - How to Fix Ford Music System Key Code Issue in Ford Figo / Ford Fiesta Classic.


Undo suggested edit rejection for an edit on my own post?

Question: I woke up this morning to find that I had a suggested edit on one of my answers. The suggested edit had already been rejected. However, the edit is actually a good one, and in my opinion should have been approved. Is there anyway to undo or flag the rejection? I can of course edit the answer myself, but would like to give credit to the original suggester if possible.
Comment: Didn't I see this asked already here today?
Comment: AFAIK there is no way to accept an edit that has already been rejected. If you really want to give credit to the editor you could ask him in a comment on one of his posts, and then accept it, but you should both be online at the same time, otherwise it may get rejected again.
Comment: @πάνταῥεῖ, I searched for duplicates but didn't find this exact question. I certainly didn't ask before now.
Comment: @user000001, thanks for the suggestion. That's probably too much work for such a simple edit.
Comment: @AndrewMadsen I just meant [this one](http://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/315140/is-it-possible-to-let-us-remove-a-reject-vote-on-an-edit) a few questions below.
Comment: @πάνταῥεῖ, makes sense. That's not quite the same thing since I'm not asking about undoing my own bad vote, rather the edit was rejected by other people before I saw it at all.
Comment: No need to give credit for something that should not been done. This is invalid edit for anyone. There is no way edit changing `NSNumber *buildNumber...` to `NSString *buildNumber ...` would be approved unless one spends inappropriately large amount of time on review: this is code change (95% reject) and it changes something that called "number" (with sample value of 42) into type of "string".
Answer: That edit should have been a comment on your answer, not an edit to your answer.  Any concerns with the content and quality of the code in an answer should be made to the original poster as a comment, not an edit.  When an edit like this comes up, it looks to the reviewers like another user is trying to introduce content that "deviates from the original intent of the post" (as quoted from the edit rejection reason).
If you feel that the edit is helpful, you can edit your answer to include this change with a link to the suggested edit, and optionally a reference to the user.
Comment: Thanks, everyone. I appreciate the clarification, as it will help me with similar situations in the future, including when reviewing suggested edits myself. I've edited my original answer to reflect the suggested change, as well.
Comment: Thanks for this answer. I suppose I didn't know exactly what constitutes a good edit in this case. His edit _does_ fix an obvious and simple bug in my code. Are edits then only meant to fix superficial problems, e.g. formatting and typographical errors?
Comment: @AndrewMadsen I feel that edits should be used to fix grammar, tags, and (sometimes) spacing issues.  But ultimately it is up to the reviewers.  When I see a user suggesting an edit that adds a link to a tutorial or additional code (which may or may not be relevant to the question/answer), I generally reject because I don't want to put words in the original answer's mouth.
Comment: On the other hand, if I see a very low quality question with a superficial suggested edit (correcting grammar), I usually chose "causes harm" with the custom reason "Question should be closed."
Comment: In this case, I feel that this edit should have been a comment because it addresses (and corrects) an issue with your post.  The user who suggested the edit could also have added their own (potentially more correct) answer, addressing the issues with your answer.
Comment: Most code-changing edits should be rejected, but this is not a rule carved in stone. It would have been better for the editor to first discuss it in comments. Then, if enough people or the OP confirm, the editor can write in the edit summary, "as discussed in comments".
Comment: @JAL I've also seen edits move comments to an answer that was the actual answer(or corrected/completed it) and from the answerer themselves. Sometimes the answerer is given a few days to make the edit themselves. At least with that situation it's not putting words into their mouth, but making the answer more complete without risking the comments getting deleted.


Repair Ceiling Hole for Round old work ceiling box

Question: I am replacing an old light that was above my sink and the box was so brittle it broke and I could not mount the new light. I removed the "new work" box and the drywall around it crumbled. Now the hole is too large for a new work box. Any ways to fix this? Really hoping I do not have to have someone come and repair a large section of drywall in my ceiling. Thank you
Comment: Can you get us a close-up?
Comment: Hello, and welcome to Home Improvement. Is there a good mounting point for the replacement box? (That close-up @ThreePhaseEel asked for would be useful, too.)
Comment: Why not just repair the section of drywall yourself?
Answer: Likely too late to be of use to OP, but for others who may come looking.

Look what's up there? Lath? Joists?
Cut a nice rectangular wallboard patch larger than the hole. Trace its outline on the ceiling.
Remove plaster within the outline so patch can fit in snugly. Ensure that opening is wide enough to access a joist to which box can now be affixed.
Install box.
Cut opening in patch to allow sufficient access into box.
Attach patch - now a rectangular frame - to ceiling structure.
Apply joint compound and finish

I'm in the midst of a repair where I'm stripping plaster off lath and will then glue and screw my patch in place. I can update once I'm done.
Comment: Thanks for the answer; keep 'em coming.
Answer: That light fixture was too close to the wall anyway. Patch the old hole with a self-sticking drywall patch, then mount a new box to the joist about 8" further away from the wall. There are boxes that can be screwed right into the joist from below the ceiling (look for Madison Electric Products Fan and Fixture 1-Gang Gray Polycarbonate New Work/Old Work Standard Ceiling Fan Ceiling Electrical Box).
Comment: Hello, and welcome to Home Improvement. Thanks for the answer; keep 'em coming. And, you should probably [take our tour](//diy.stackexchange.com/tour) so you'll know how best to contribute here.
Answer: It looks like there's a joist running alongside the hole, as I would expect. Your box should be mounted to that and not really have anything to do with the drywall.  Mix a little mud up, probably a thicker consistency for the ceiling, and mash it around the edges to fill in the gaps after the box is installed.
And honestly, your new light is likely to cover up the edges of that hole anyway so I wouldn't even bother patching it.
Answer: They make a octagon box ,that has a bracket to mount to the box. Also code states ,only a 1/8 gap may only be around box .  Fix the drywall around box, and look for a light with a bigger mounting base.  The base will help cover the repair ,if it does not blend in well


In the traffic pattern, what is the appropriate distance from the runway for the downwind leg?

Question: Specifically for a piston general aviation aircraft, is there a recommended distance from the runway to fly the downwind leg? Does this change based on the speed of the aircraft?
Comment: I usually fly my down wind in the 172 about 1/2 mile from the runway. Really depends on TPA and speed, usually you can figure out based on your base to final turn.  If you are turning too hard,  increase the distance.
Comment: Related: [Why is "dragging it in" considered bad in small aircraft, but fine in larger aircraft?](http://aviation.stackexchange.com/q/1259/69) and this one even has an answer which answers your question: [What is a two- or three-mile base exactly?](http://aviation.stackexchange.com/q/1840/69).
Comment: I don't think most people really think in terms of distance from the runway.  At least I don't: I just fly where it "looks right", which is something you pick up in training from an instructor who's telling you to fly the downwind where it "looks right".
Answer: Most instructors say that (in a low wing plane) you should see the runway on the tip of the wing or between the tip and 1/4 in the wing. AOPA has a nice over view of non towered airports here. This FAA brief states it should be flown 1/2 to 1 mile out (page 7-4 of FAA Airplane Flying Handbook, FAA-H-8083-3B).

This leg should be
  approximately 1/2 to 1 mile out from the landing runway,
  and at the specified traffic pattern altitude.
Answer: There are multiple considerations, among them:

Other aircraft in the pattern (that may be slower or faster than you): you want to maintain your position, not getting too close to planes ahead of you, nor slowing down planes behind you.
The descent rate of your aircraft:  I was taught to descend 25% from TPA on downwind, 25% on base, and 50% on final. (typically from a 1,000 ft TPA, that is 250ft / 250ft / 500ft)
The turning rate of your aircraft: You want to make rectangular shaped patterns.  If you are too close, your patterns will be more oval shaped.  If you are too far, you will have a very long base leg.
Answer: "Within gliding distance" is one common rule that many instructors teach. It would be embarrassing to have an engine failure in the pattern and not make it to the runway :-) More seriously, you tend to make a lot of configuration changes in the pattern so the risk of something going wrong is higher, therefore within gliding range is usually a good place to be.
That doesn't mean being in a position to glide the remaining downwind, base and final legs to land neatly on the numbers: it means gliding to somewhere on the runway you can safely land (or even to a taxiway if need be). (The FAA's commercial pilot test standards require the applicant to glide to a landing from the downwind leg starting at 1000 AGL.)
Of course, there are lots of variables and you may have to fly a wider (or tighter) pattern at certain times or at certain airports for any number of reasons: traffic, ATC instructions, noise abatement etc.
Comment: I don't quite follow this. On a normal circuit, I can land on the runway threshold only if I lose the engine shortly after turning base (i.e. where I'd close the throttle anyway). If the engine fails any time on downwind, if I want to land on the runway in the correct direction, I'm going to be touching down some distance along it - possibly too far along to make a safe roll-out. Being able to glide to the runway doesn't seem to be a huge advantage in that case.
Comment: @DanHulme I updated this based on chat comments
Comment: This is an old thread, but I gotta comment on "gliding distance from runway". Depending on aircraft, this might be very close to runway, assuming normal pattern altitude of 1000ft agl. Not that many common GA aircraft have good gliding properties, and considering all the risks involved in 180 turn at low alt + engine out, I personally would be hesitant turn back unless I had a DA40 or some other slippery plane under me...
Answer: If you lose an engine on downwind, you modify the rest of your pattern immediately to keep your aiming point on the windshield at the distance to your landing point. The pattern will no longer be square, but a continuous descending arc that 'cuts the corners' and terminates on a very short final to the runway.
Comment: This doesn't answer the stated question.
Comment: Welcome to AviationStackExchange. Although your answer describes a power out landing, it does not answer the specific question asked. Once you have enough reputation points, you can post this as a comment, instead. Otherwise, this answer may be deleted. A more appropriate answer would be to fly a standard traffic pattern far enough away to have a sufficient base leg, but close enough to perform a power off landing from your current altitude anywhere along the downwind leg.


SSL in Admin doesn't generate urls and assets with https

Question: The frontend is set to https entirely without problems.
We did the following with no luck for the admin panel:
For both backend and frontend we set the secure and unsecure base urls to https://domain.com (where domain.com is substituted by our real domain ;)
We selected use secure urls in frontend and backend.
We set SSL_OFFLOADED as the Offloader header.
We set the .htaccess rules after RewriteEngine On.
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]

With this configuration the frontend loads perfectly in https, the backend in the other hand loads without styles also known as mixed content error. We looked around and came across a hack for this error that is put the following meta tag in the head tag of our admin site:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests">

With this meta tag the site loads but now all the ajax calls are unresponsive, they can't work because all urls although converted to https with the .htaccess rule and the magento rules are rendered as http.
The rest of the backend functions but not the ajax calls. For example if I choose to open catalog/categories the page doesn't load and redirects to the admin homepage which in my case is orders. If i try to make any changes to any grids that uses ajax in somehow, they dont work also.
What should we do??
Any help is appreciated.
Thanks in advance
Comment: At first you can deactivate the ssl for the backend. https://www.brainsins.com/en/blog/configuring-https-for-enhanced-magento-security/3866 There you can see under Use Secure URLs in Admin Change to No.
Comment: Is the problem that the links for the "style" are not found?
Comment: The links to the assets all exist, but are generated using http.
Comment: If i deactivate ssl for the backend then the frontend looses ssl, it opens the first time with ssl but inside the site all urls are generated using http
Answer: In past I thought I had a similar problem. Can you try this in your htaccess:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{http_host} !^www\.your-domain\.com [NC]
Rewriterule ^(.*)$ https://www.your-domain.com/$1 [L,R=301]

Before I had the right one. I've testet many times.


How to amend existing soil in raised beds?

Question: What is the favored way to lighten & amend soil inside a raised bed? My raised beds are aluminum troughs with volumes of 220 gallons. They are 2 x 2 x 8ft. We've been using them for a few years to grow garlic, tomatoes, strawberries, etc, and I haven't really done any maintenance on the soil. I have sent samples to be analyzed to understand the nutrient picture but the soil is fairly dense and clumpy so I'm sure I need to lighten it in some way.
We're in Seattle.
Comment: Add manure ...............?
Answer: One solution I once saw (and it is not my idea, but seems to work) with raised beds is to designate a rotation pattern (say squash, potatoes, corn, beans, roots) and load all the manure onto the year 1 bed. The idea is that squash can tolerate a lot of fresh-ish manure, spuds can handle it after a year, corn after 2 years and so on. So in a given year only the squash bed gets the manure, and you pile it as high as you like without it collapsing and plant pre-germinated potted squash in the top. Over the 5 years the amount of manure diminishes until there is hardly a noticeable layer. There is never a need to turn the manure into the bed soil. Much goodness leaches down from the heaped organic matter into the bed underneath.
From a practical point of view probably best to move say 6 inches of soil from the intended squash bed to the year 5 bed, leaving a good space to start building up the manure.
Answer: Easy way is to remove some of the compost and add new compost and  add some top soil too. This should make them go for a while. Compost gets heated up when the weather is hot, so better to add some top soil.


Mac OS X: Activity Monitor peformance hit?

Question: Will keeping Activity Monitor running in the background make me incur a significant performance hit? I know things like top in unix (if refreshed often) can use up 100% of the CPU. I ask because I leave it running to monitor my memory usage throughout the day. I often run low on free memory (less than 300MB free) on a 4GB MBP.
Answer: The hit entirely depends on how often you set Activity Monitor to poll the system and what you're working on - if it's the standard 2 seconds on a 2006 2.16Ghz MacBook Pro I saw about a 2%-3% CPU hit (insignificant). At the Very Often setting (0.5 seconds) it was a much more noticeable 25%. Even then depending on what you're doing a process continually eating 25% of your CPU cycles may be a non-issue.
Instead of running Activity Monitor have you considered running a program like iStat menus or Menu Meters or even a script with GeekTool to keep an eye on your RAM usage? By polling for less information it will reduce the performance hit (perceptible or not) that you would have with Activity Monitor (which has the overhead of a GUI, a background daemon, and processing extra information).
Comment: atMonitor is also good. http://www.atpurpose.com/atMonitor/


Is there a way to automate multiple tabs using cypress?

Question: Is there a way to automate multiple tabs using cypress?
e.g. After login to my webpage, I get redirected to another tab.
So, I would like to automate login in 1st tab and then perform other testing activities in another tab(after login redirect) using cypress testing tool.
Answer: From the Cypress site:

Because Cypress runs in the browser, it will never have multi-tabs
  support. We do have access to the browser automation APIs to actually
  switch tabs, but there is no reason for us to ever expose them.
Most of the time this use case is needed when users click an  that
  opens a new tab. Users then want to switch to that tab to verify that
  the content loaded. But, you shouldn't need to do this. In fact we
  have recipes of showing you how to test this without multiple tabs.

The mentioned recipe is here.
Comment: Cypress's docs blew my mind when I read that. Obviously there's no sense in testing the browser's capabilities of opening a new tab, but many apps make use of tabs as part of their navigation. Have these people really never had to test behavior in a tab after it's opened? That's very distinct from testing that a tab has opened. At any rate, if it helps someone else: I'm able to get around this in my use case by navigating directly to the path the tab would normally open using cy.request().
Comment: Also, here's a better link to their docs where they discuss this:

https://docs.cypress.io/guides/references/trade-offs.html#Multiple-tabs
Comment: When executing n number of test cases, can we control the browser open and close pattern in Cypress? Say open and close for each test cases
Answer: João Farias provided a good link related to your direct question about multiple tabs, but since you mentioned that your specific scenario is logging in, there may be another approach you can use:
The preferred way to handle login in Cypress is to bypass the UI and get login credentials directly from the backend--see this list of recipes. Of course, if you're testing login itself that doesn't really test it, but the majority of the time login is just setup for testing the rest of your site, as you described.
Also see this section of the Cypress getting started guide. As they describe there, it's good to use the UI for testing login itself, but otherwise, logging in using the UI will generally make your tests much slower than using the backend directly. The ability to use features like cy.request and cy.task to directly manipulate the backend state is, in my experience, one of the major advantages of using Cypress.


How to install python packages using the pip that now comes with Blender

Question: It seems that Blender now comes with pip bundled in it, but I haven't figured out how to use pip to install packages from the command line because I looked the Blender folder inside and out and there is no pip.exe. There's just some scripts inside the pip folder inside the Blender folder. Anyone know how to install packages using Blender's pip (and not the one that's with the Python distro outside of Blender)?
Blender 3.2.0 Windows 10
Answer: In Windows 10, the python interpreter installs new packages not into the Blender installation directory, but into the personal user directory.  As a result, packages are installed but are not available inside Blender – they cannot be accessed from the Python console or Blender Text Editor using the "import" command.  We can solve the problem by hard-coding the directory where pip should install the required packages – the "site-packages" directory located inside the directory where Blender is installed.
Here's an example command line
"c:\Program Files\Blender Foundation\Blender 3.2\3.2\python\bin\python.exe" -m pip install --upgrade  scipi -t "c:\Program Files\Blender Foundation\Blender 3.2\3.2\python\lib\site-packages"

It would install scipi if scipi were available for Python 3.10, which it currently isn't.  Replace scipi in the command line with the name of the package you want to install.
Comment: Hi thank you for the answer. Before I try this, because I also use Python in VS Code, and have the regular Python setup outside of Blender - is this command going to permanently redirect pip's package install location to the Blender folder? If so how do I change it back?
Comment: No. The redirect is caused by the -t argument. If you use pip without it then the default location is used.
Comment: I get permissions error WinError5
Comment: It happens also if I am running Blender as Administrator


Will a person's first chakra nature always be the strongest?

Question: Answering this question and reading an answer by Ero Senin made me think some more about chakra natures. Will attacks that use the chakra type that the user has a natural affinity for always be stronger than attacks that use other types of chakra, even after mastering these other types?
Comment: Please try to not edit the questions to a different context. I have tried to accomodate it my answer
Answer: Answered for if the first chakra nature will be the strongest attack of a ninja?
There is no such thing as FIRST Chakra Nature. Each and every individual has a chakra nature that he has an affinity for, and he can master stronger Jutsu of that nature with much  more ease as compared to others.
To prove my point, what was Sasuke's first chakra nature modification? It was Fire. but he learnt it after a lot of effort and Uchiha's have the inclination towards Fire Jutsu. But individually his chakra had an affinity for Lightning nature and thus he has a larger variety of Lightning chakra moves and mastery.
Thus a ninja will have a single nature towards which his chakra leans which will be easier to master. Strength is more of an effort effect. For similar strength, he'd have to work harder to master any other chakra natures...
An exception I can think of would be Bloodline Chakras. I don't think there is any difference in strength of different natures inherited as part of bloodline. Yamato using Wood, should have similar competency with both Ground and Water chakras.
EDIT: I remember Kakashi saying something to this effect during his battle with kakuzo. What he said was that Kakuzo has used such strong Lightinng and fire attacks which can't be used unless the user has natural affinity to that chakra nature. This means that the strongest attacks of each chakra nature will not be mastered unless you have a natural affinity for that nature.
What I am trying to say is that the jutsu of same level will have equal power(strength), but the natural affinity. But higher level jutsu can only be mastered if and only if you have natural affinity for the chakra nature. Thus absolute mastery of other chakra natures is not possible.
Comment: Can you provide some examples from the manga, anime, or data books to backs up the what you're pointing out?


Ultra-fast text rendering in C#?

Question: Note: This is a direct copy of a question I asked on Stack Overflow which was put on hold for being off-topic and suggested to be asked here instead.
I'm writing a game in C#, monogame. It's cross-platform and tested on Windows and Linux. The game is mostly text-based. It takes place in an operating system environment so as you'd expect it's 2D, not very fancy lighting or anything, and a lot of text.
Text in this game has 3 requirements... 3 major requirements.

It must not severely affect the framerate.
We should be able to say "I want this string rendered in this font family at this size in points, with(out) bold, with(out) italic, with(out) underline and with(out) strikeout, and I want the text to be aligned to the left/center/right, and have word or character wrapping applied if the string's width exceeds this amount of pixels.
It must be readable to the player, but also anti-aliased.

So, MonoGame's SpriteFont system does NOT work for this as it only satisfies the first requirement, speed.
We played around with the following libraries/technologies on both platforms:

GDI+ (System.Drawing, like .NET 1.x Windows Forms)
GDI (System.Windows.Forms.TextRenderer, WinForms text rendering post .NET 2)
Custom C++ wrapper for pangomm/cairomm, utilized through P/Invokes

And here's a comparison of the three libraries on the two platforms and how they (un)satisfy the above requirements.
GDI+

Speed: Very slow as all rendering is done on the CPU, no GPU acceleration. In some cases, when text is constantly being re-rendered (like when you constantly hold the Enter key in something like a Bash prompt and it keeps on printing user@host:~$ or similar to the console) the frame-rate can go as low as 2FPS. With a caching system in place you can get unstable 60FPS as you're not actually rendering the same string for more than a single frame until the cache is cleared but this does not help in the case where there are constantly different strings to render that haven't been cached.
Usability: We have System.Drawing.Font which can satisfy the ability to specify what font face, size and style to render in, and we can wrap text by specifying a max pixel width, however as most people may tell you (and I have seen in experience) text measurement can be very unreliable.
Readability: Due to the fact text measurement can be unreliable, you may allocate a bitmap the same width and height of the measured text, but when drawing, you may notice that a little bit of the end of the string can end up cut off due to the rendered width/height being greater than the bitmap texture you've allocated. Also, if you anti-alias text to get rid of pixelation/jagged edges, some fonts will not be affected at all (namely Tahoma and Lucida Console) and will still draw in their aliased form, and drawing with ClearType enabled makes the text feel extremely artifacted. In some cases, even antialiasing text on certain fonts can make the text hard to read for certain players. Since readability is hard to get right in GDI+ due to all these discrepancies, it does not pass my readability requirement even remotely closely.

To make matters worse, I'm going blind, so if players who are NOT going blind and see perfectly are reporting readability issues in the game, imagine how difficult it is for me, the blind guy, to actually develop it.
GDI (WinForms TextRenderer)

Speed: It is slightly faster than GDI+ in my testing, however, keyword, slightly. I can still get the framerate down very low doing the same thing, but it does tend to pop back up quicker than GDI+. It's still not great though as doing the "hold Enter in a terminal for a long time" test on an actual terminal would NOT cause a slowdown like that.
Usability: Since it uses the System.Drawing.Font struct like in GDI+ it's perfectly easy to specify the font family, size, and style, however I have not yet worked out how to properly wrap text, like, I can do it, but it's dodgy at best. Text that DOES get wrapped seems to be aligned to the center of the layout rectangle, and I can't seem to find a way to change that. It's actually less usable than GDI+ in that regard, but the MeasureText method can be called statically and without a device context, which is much better than GDI+.
Readability: No readability problems for me, text is perfectly anti-aliased no matter what font you use (seems like the antialiasing is done by the renderer and not done relying on the font author to provide antialiased glyphs) so it's a perfect pass on that regard however I notice that there seems to be a black artifact on certain glyphs, but it may just be my eyes messing with me.

So... better than GDI+ in readability, worse in usability, and only slightly better in speed. Would fit better where it belongs - in WinForms - but not in a game.
C++ pangomm/cairomm wrapper
I haven't been able to perform proper testing of the C++ wrapper library as I was not the one who coded it, it was developed internally by another programmer on the team who happens to use Linux and not Windows (in fact he can't stand Windows), but according to his testing on Linux...

Speed: Definite pass. He gets 60FPS constantly even when doing the "press Enter a bunch of times really fast" test from before, and since the actual rendering is being done in an unmanaged environment, you can expect a massive speed boost as the CLR isn't calling all the shots.
Usability: It is specifically coded to support everything required by the game, and supports everything I need it to do. Pass.
Readability: I haven't seen text rendered by the code myself, I'll get into that in a bit but judging by the fact he's not worked directly on the c++ code in a while and likes the way it looks, and judging by my past experiences with GTK# (which uses Pango for rendering), I can say it's a pass.

One problem though. I don't know C++, I don't know how to compile C++ on Windows, minus setting a Visual C++ project to run make when I build the code in VS, and I can't find any pre-compiled binaries for pangomm OR cairomm for Windows. I'd have to compile them myself, which I don't want to have to do, as I'm a C# programmer, not a C++ programmer. I'm experienced with msbuild, not make, and I'm not going to take the time to learn how makefiles are constructed and how to compile things for each platform I want to support. It's too much work for a couple dozen lines of internally-developed code.
Long story short, this is a perfect approach for Linux, in fact, it is the perfect approach for Linux and I plan to get compiled binaries of the library in an Ubuntu PPA for the game (as I do know how to compile it on Ubuntu thanks to the guy who wrote the code telling me what packages it depends on and thanks to Ubuntu for actually having said packages in the main repos, precompiled), but I can't compile it on Windows, making it not really cross-platform.
We need a fourth solution for Windows.
We need something like that third approach, but preferably, pre-compiled, available on NuGet, usable on Windows and usable in C#.
Edit
Seems I didn't really do my homework properly and forgot that StackOverflow doesn't like when you ask for libraries.
What I really want honestly is a better approach to the C++ solution that'll work on Windows, because honestly it works perfectly on Linux, but I'm primarily a Windows developer thus I want it to work well on both and still be easy to set up.
Answer: Try FreeType; there's a NuGet package available. From what I can tell, it seems to fit all criteria: fast, controllable, and legible at many sizes. It uses its own renderer, making it solid for a cross-platform project.

Ultra-fast text rendering in C#?


is it possible to change a document name dynamically - Doc lib is in WSS v3

Question: If i'm not wrong a document is unique to each doc library.
What i want to do is use some fields the users select to make up a document name.e.g
docname_Created
I'm sure i can do this via Object Model but can i use a SPD workflow for this?
Any ideas would be appreciated
Answer: You're much better off populating some metadata fields than cobbling together some sort of compound filename. You'll just be replicating the poor practice of overloading the filename with significant data that can't ever really be teased out reliably.
Answer: There is a Title column that you could use to write your name to.  I would opt for a Calculated Column myself and expose that in the view.  Is there a reason you need the Name column to be updated?
Comment: iOnline247 thnks for the response.The reason why i need it is users would need to  upload one document twice whereas you can't do that because it overrides the original.They are doing this because when they upload the docs they select a different category to move it to.So it has to me unique to each category.
Hope you understand my pain
Comment: The document just needs to be categorized differently?  What's the reasoning behind the same document being uploaded to the same document library multiple times?  Why not modify the document in/on SP and update accordingly?

I think I'm missing some of the process and that would help to have some of this to help you better.
Comment: iOnline247 good question re why doc need to be uploaded twice.Well the reason is when users upload and try to move a doc to multiple categories and the categories are too many the get a prompt stating it can't be more than 250 characters:(
Hope you understand my pain now:) No idea how to increase the no: of characters to be over 250 when using a multi value field?
Answer: You'd either need to write an event receiver in visual studio or use a third party product as described in this example in combination with SharePoint Designer.
Comment: Muhmbi i tried using the SPD workflow to replace the file name but no luck.I reacko the event reciever would be the way to go but haven't got that to work yet


Places with unusual platform numbers

Question: I just came across platform zero at JR Kyoto station. Are there places with more exotic station numbers, such as negative numbers, fractions or complex numbers? I'm interested in places that have such numbers as a joke, and places that have it for a serious reason.
Comment: I voted to close, not because this isn't a "real problem" (I don't care about that), but because this is asking for a list of places. Such lists do not work on Stack Exchange — SE wants *answers*, not *items*.
Comment: I'm gonna be bad cop here because I think this is the kind of question our overlords want to avoid, it doesn't have a "real problem you're trying to solve".
Comment: eliciting list-style answers it's okay if very specific criteria are given, as per [faq](http://travel.stackexchange.com/help/on-topic). I think this question meets the guidelines.
Comment: @hippietrail Ordinarily I would agree with you but this one is kinda borderline.  If you are looking for oddities at various rail stations during one's travel.
Comment: I do programming during my trips but I wouldn't ask programming questions here. I think the same reasoning goes into why Stack Exchange doesn't like shopping questions for instance. Things you could do while either travelling or not don't become travel questions because you do things on your trip. They're supposed to be inherently travel related. But yeah this is just me trying to follow Stack Exchange standards. It would be helpful if the SE staff advised us from time to time how to keep on track.
Answer: It's not a real platform, but King's Cross station in London has a faux Platform 9¾ (9 and 3/4), in reference to the platform in the Harry Potter novels.  It has a luggage trolley half embedded in the wall, to allow people to take photographs with it.
Comment: It even shows on the station map!
Comment: Haha.. I wonder which books they're selling in the window to the left?  :)
Comment: It also has a platform 0 paragraph 3 of the history section in your link states it was opened in 2010
Answer: In Amsterdam Centraal platforms are quite long, thus allowing two different trains to stop at each end of the platform. On which end of the train stops is denoted by a letter, either "a" or "b" after the number of the track. This causes huge confusion among travelers. In more than one occasion I have seen people who wanted to go to Schiphol (the airport) on the train to Lelystad (the opposite direction).
Also what's quite unusual, there are 3 tracks between each pair of platforms, with the middle track (inaccessible to passengers) is also numbered.
Comment: Quite typical for many Dutch train stations.
Comment: What surprised me with the answers to this question was how confusing some platform numbers can be. Yours is one of the best examples of this, so you get the answer tick!
Comment: In Nizhniy Novgorod, the platforms also can accommodate two regional trains, but there is no *a* or *b* about it. It is only announced in voice as 'Moscow side' or 'Kirov side'. A foreign traveler only has to be thankful to the reduction in regional services that happened in the last decade - nowadays it virtually never happens so that both parts of a platform are used simultaneously.
Comment: That's also seen in the UK (e.g. Cardiff Central).  They're not often used for two departing trains, but the B end is  used for terminating services.  Cambridge on the other hand has platforms 1A,1, 4, and 4A [all in a line](https://help.g2rail.com/stations/cambridge) with one track
Comment: The same scheme exists in Minsk (Institut Kultury) and Kazan'.
Comment: Also in Ulm, Germany: there can be two regional trains at the same platform, "Nord" (north) and "Süd" (south).
Answer: London Kings Cross also has a Platform 0.
Comment: And Cardiff Central, but that doesn't have a platform 5 (though it does have 6,7, & 8).  It's not easy to see where 5 even could have been
Comment: Esbjerg (Denmark) also has a platform 0.
Answer: Not really unusual but different:
In France most stations number their platforms starting at 1. But some stations have chosen to use letters instead, or mix both.
This includes the Lyon station, one of Paris' busiest train terminals. The concourse is divided in two parts; one has the numbers while the other has the letters.
This is reflected in the passenger waiting process: in SNCF stations, the track number is shown 20 minutes before departure, in order to avoid passengers rushing to the platform sooner as the train is still being prepared, or another arriving train is releasing its passengers on the other side of the same platform. Before the track number appears, the concourse in which to wait is mentioned, like "Hall 1" (numbers) or "Hall 2" (letters).
Another quirk in the same area is that, a few hundred meters apart, there is another, smaller terminal, the Bercy station. It is mainly used for regional trains, sleepers trains to Italy, some chartered trains and motorail services.
It has a few tracks only (let's say about 6, I do not remember the exact count), which are lettered in alphabetic order starting where the Lyon station's lettering has stopped.
For instance, the last letter used at Lyon station is N. At Bercy station, there is a track lettered R and no A.
Comment: In most SNCF stations, the exact location within a platform (*Repère*) is lettered. But in my experience, the lettering is reversed: starting from Z and going back as far as needed by the length of the platform. I never found a A.
Comment: That's right. I have not checked how those positions are marked on the lettered tracks of the aforementioned stations.
Reverse alphabetic order of positions seems logical, so that there remains a gap in the lettering to avoid confusion. This is the case in Bordeaux St Jean station, which has 3 dead-end tracks for regional trains numbered A B C without positions since such trains are short and non-reserved. In the same station, positions on long run-through platforms are lettered in the R-Z range.
Answer: In Dordrecht (the Netherlands), they've added tracks without renumbering the existing tracks. In particular, they've added them "before" track 1, so they logically would have to be 0 and -1. But to make it confusing, they're numbered 15, 16 and 20 (where 15 and 20 are east and west of the station building).
Answer: Platform 0 is actually quite common in Britain.
Almost all stations in Britain are numbered on the same conventional pattern: sequentially from one side to the other, counting only platforms and not platformless through tracks. Thus, when we want to add a platform (quite regular given the high intensity of timetabling strategy in this country) on the high-numbered side of the station, we number it one more than the highest-numbered existing platform, whereas if the new platform is to be on the low-numbered side of the station, such as at London King's Cross, Redhill or Stockport, we usually call it [0]. Some places add a letter suffix instead, such as at Bedford main station, where it is called [1a] (although letter suffixes are, strictly speaking, supposed to be used for sectors of platforms, not for whole distinct platforms).
Differences in the direction the platforms are numbered is about as diverse as it tends to get in this country. Most stations either have the platforms numbered from the side closest to the entrance to the station (more predictable for passengers), or from the side which the Up (towards London) trains serve (which has the advantage that the platforms match up with other stations on the line).
The Great Western Railway numbered all of its stations from left to right when viewed from London Paddington. Most of the major towns en-route are on the south side, so this lines up with the station layout, but at those on the north side, such as in the Kennet Valley, this can mean that [1] is both the platform furthest from the entrance and the platform for Down (away from London) trains, and that most suburban stations in London do not have a platform 1, since the southernmost track at those places is an express track for fast trains that would not stop at a suburban station anyway. It also once led to the madness where at Bristol Temple Meads, [1] was both the platform furthest away from the entrance and in a new* extension. *relatively new; neuve, as opposed to nouvelle. This has since been renumbered so that the platforms are, out of step with the GWR standard, numbered from the entrance side, but in such a way that most of the platforms have 2 numbers, an even & an odd number, since they're very long & could in theory accommodate two trains. And then you have Swindon, where the platforms are numbered from north to south, out of sync with the rest of the GWR & from the side furthest away from the entrance.
Sometimes one can find such oddities as letters being used in place of numbers: Crossrail is expected to use them to maintain consistency without meddling in the numbering of the existing stations that it serves, & London Waterloo has four platforms numbered [A]-[D] to signify that they're at the end of a long corridor from the main concourse. But overall, our platform numbers vary little: they're always from one side of the station to the other, without counting platformless tracks. They also tend to each serve a particular role, such as Up fast, or Down slow, or the bay (terminal) platform for a certain branch line. On the continent, things are different. For a start, unlike in Britain, numbers usually count through tracks that have no platform as well as tracks with platforms.
The countries of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as other places, have a lot of stations where, instead of each having a platform on one side, the tracks fan out into a yard. This gives greater flexibility on a single-track line, as the stations always have more capacity than the lines (usually at least 3 tracks), so the signalman is unlikely to have to worry about there being enough capacity at the other end of the line a train is being sent down. Austria itself has mostly converted these to the western design of station, mostly to improve speed, since under the old design, trains have to slow down considerably when running through stations due to the risk of hitting a pedestrian, but they can still be found in the other lands of the empire. In these stations, the platforms are always numbered from the side where the station-house is, both because on a single-track line, there is no need to worry about consistency with neighbouring stations, & because rather than ending cleanly on the far side, the tracks usually continue into a goods yard and/or sidings and those tracks too have to be numbered.
In Germany, large stations tend to be similar to British stations in physical construction, with platforms on one side or the other of tracks, but operationally similar to Austrian stations, with the platform capacity exceeding that of the lines around, & platforms being at the signal box's disposal rather than each doing a particular job. They are pretty much always numbered sequentially from the side closest to the entrance, counting both platformed & platformless tracks, but sometimes oddities do arise, & Germany & Switzerland in particular seem to like to give platforms that don't fit into the layout randomly high numbers or even decimals. Lausanne station has through platforms numbered [1]-[8], a platformless track without a number, & an east-facing bay platform, which is numbered [70]. Stolberg Main Line, near Aachen, has 4 platforms. These are numbered [1], [2], [43], [44], [27]. At certain other stations I have seen prefix systems & even decimals used for platform numbers ([9¾] would not be so out of place here).
When I travel to the continent, one of the first stations I usually pass through, fresh off the night ferry, is Rouen Rive-Droite. This station has its platforms numbered [7], [5], [3], [1], [2], [4], [6], [8]. It took me a while to get used to it at first, but this is actually a surprisingly popular & logical way of numbering platforms. It is, for instance, used by Metro-North in the US state of New York. Bratislava's main station has only one odd-numbered platform. Its platforms are numbered [1], [2], [4], [6], [8], [10], [12], [14], [16]. This is because it is numbered in such a pattern, but with the centre-line of the first pair of tracks being considered the centre-line of the whole railway. This numbering scheme has a multitude of advantages: the platform numbers can co-ordinate with all stations on the line, even if the neighbouring stations have only 2 platforms, as there will be [1] on one side of the centre-line, & [2] on the other; all the platforms going one way are even-numbered, while all those going the other way are odd-numbered; & because it starts from the middle, a new platform can be added on either side of the station without giving it a misfit number or messing up the numbering: simply use the next even or odd number, depending which side of the station the platform is on.
But for all this logic in France, there are also the places where the platforms are numbered in chronological order of when they were built, or something else entirely. On the same line as Rouen, we have Épône Mézières, with its [1], [A], [B], [2]. There is yet Pontoise, which has 10 platforms numbered [11]-[20] (they have just added 10 to every platform number for no apparent reason), or Mitry-Claye's [2], [1], [3], [5]; Juvisy tries to combine one outward system with another sequential system in the same station by using a prefix, & gets [11], [12], [15], [16], [18], [7], [5], [3], [1], [2], [4], [6]; Corbeil-Essonnes takes a break from the numbered outward evens-odds pattern to become sequentially lettered for a bit, giving [1], [A], [B], [C], [2], [4], [6]; Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines repeats platform numbers, getting [1], [2], [1bis], [B], [A], [2bis]; nearby Viroflay-Rive-Gauche repeats platform numbers more than once, for [1], [1bis], [2], [2in], [1in], [2bis]; & perhaps the cherry on the cake is Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, with its [1], [2], [1M], [1bis], [A], [B], [2bis]; or even, further out on the same line, Melun, which gives [1], [1bis], [A], [2bis], [2], [1C], [2C].
Comment: On the subject of GWR, Bristol Parkway lacked a platform 1 for ages, with only 2, 3  and 4 (numbered as you say facing west). Cardiff Central's numbering counts up as you look east, because it was built before being part of GWR
Answer: Somewhat unusual: Augsburg central station (Hbf) has the usual platforms numbered 1 through 12. Platform 1 is adjacent to the station building and 2/3, 4/5, 6/7, 8/9 and 10/12 are island platforms; all of these are through tracks. But there are some dead-end tracks that hit the platforms in the middle from both sides which can be used as platforms for short trains. These are 101, 301, 501 and 701 on the southern end and 201, 401, (I assume 601 but I would have to double-check) and 801 on the northern end.
Until recently, the station only had four island platforms, i.e. platform 8/9 was the last one so it's additionally unusual that three-digit numbers were chosen for the in-between tracks rather than two-digit ones – but maybe they already anticipated the expansion.
Link to Augsburg central station in OpenRailwayMap
In a somewhat similar manner, Ulm central station (Hbf) has platforms 1, 2/3, 4/6 with a dead-end track 5, 7/8 and then additionally the tracks 25 through 29 as dead-end tracks on its southern end next to platform 1. I have absolutely no clue why they decided to start with 25 here rather than with a round number.
Link to Ulm central station in OpenRailwayMap
Answer: Most stations in the UK have platform 1 at one side of the station and then increasing numbers to the other side, letter suffixes are usually used on Longer platforms to identify parts of the platform or bays cut into the platform. But I can think of a fair few exceptions to this rule. I suspect there are many more at stations i'm not familiar with.
Platform 0 for an extra platform at the low-numbered end of the station:
Cardiff Central, Doncaster, Haymarket, Gravesend, Leeds, London Kings Cross, Rainham, Redhill, Stockport.
Platforms with only letters not numbers:
London St pancras (low-level platforms),
Liverpool Lime street, the low-level (Mersyrail) platform is referred to inconsistently. The signage at the station doesn't give it a letter or number at all. National rail live departures reffers to it as platform A, realtimetrains refers to it as platform A for trains that have not yet passed the staiont, but platform L for trains that have previously passed the station.
The new Crossrail platforms at Paddington, Bond Street, Tottenham court road, Farringdon, Liverpool Street, Whitechapel, Canary Wharf, Custom House and Woolwich (but not Abbey wood) all use A and B as their platform "numbers".
Platform numbering order makes no sense whatsoever:
Stratford (London).
Different numbers for different ends of the same platform:
Cambridge (though recently they have built a fence on the middle of the platform, so perhaps it no longer counts)
Comment: You are right, the current sequence of "1, 2, 12, 11, 10a, 10, 9, 8, 6, 5, 3, 3a, 4a, 4b, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17" in Stratford (London) will never make sense unless you take an entire history lesson on why it evolves like so (which you then stand a slim chance)...
Comment: Edinburgh Waverley uses both letter suffixes and multiple numbers to identify different parts of platforms. Platform 8 and 9 use suffixes e and w for the east and west ends respectively, whilst on the other side of the station, you have platforms 1 and 20 are the opposite ends of the same platform, as is 2 and 19.
Comment: I suspect the reason for this oddity is that  whilst platforms 8/9 are short enough that it is useful to use them as single platforms, 2/19 is so long that apart from a few rare exceptions (sleeper services), they are treated as separate platforms from an operational point of view. Platform 2 alone can hold a full 9 car long distance train.
Answer: In Saint Petersburg's Moscow Railway Station, platforms are numbered 1, 2, 3... whereas tracks are numbered 1R 1L (right, left), 2R 2L, etc, etc.
So your Sapsan train will be on track 7R.
Other stations in Russia just use separate numbering for platform and track so you can have track 4 on platform 3.

Places with unusual platform numbers


What happens to a character who breaks a Law of Magic and is about to hit 0 refresh as a result?

Question: In DFRPG, you have the 7 laws of magic, which if you break you automatically have to add it as a power.  Lets say we have a focused sourcerer who's used 6 of their 7 refresh, and they break one of the laws.  Do they add the power and drop to 0 refresh, or are they forced to give up something to keep them above 0?
Answer: From Your Story, page 232:

A Lawbreaker ability is a supernatural power (page 158) that reduces
  your refresh by one—you should sit up and take notice here. (Remember,
  if a character's refresh ever drops to zero or below, he stops being a
  viable PC. He loses his free will, becoming a creature subservient to
  his nature, always acting in accordance with what he is rather than
  who he could be. Break enough of the Laws of Magic, and the cost of
  these abilities will eat you alive.)

So strictly by the rules, they add the power, drop to 0 refresh, and become an NPC.  But that's no fun, IMO.  The PCs know this possibility, so if you warn them, and they do it, then it's a big deal.  So play it as such.  There are a few options that I can think of readily.

Don't let the other PCs know.  Let the PC continue to play (the session at least), but your compels are more powerful than usual, representing the character losing control.  They gain fewer Fate Points than normal, representing the loss of free will.  This gives them the ability to fight for their character, and you the ability to have a little drama.
Tie part of their magic to the law-breaking.  If they broke it with Evocation, then one of their elements are tied irrevocably to the magic-breaking, and if they use it, something bad happens.

And those are only off the top of my head.  In the end, I think that anything that causes a PC to leave the game should be played up for drama, and not used lightly, no matter what the rules say.
Comment: They don't lack free will because they aren't at zero refresh.  The refresh presented in the book for non-player characters represents their cost, not their advancement.  That's why even minor talent characters show up as negative refresh.  To see an example of this, check out pure mortals; they show up as +2 if they don't have any stunts (i.e. OW106, Faith Astor), or +2 - their stunt cost if they have any (i.e. OW107, Charles Bartlesby)
Comment: Good point and good clarification.
Comment: Neither Harry Dresden or his apprentice (to avoid spoilers) lack free will and a chance at redemption.  Yet, under the rules, they now both should be NPCs.  Maybe the rule does not make sense?   This is why there is a section that encourages players to keep playing their characters.  Just made sure they have that urge to take the easy way: keep on using their dark side.
Answer: I'd say they drop to Zero Refresh and become an NPC. They chose to become a monster. This is why having a bigger buffer of Fate Points is important. That said, it would be a short-term problem as a Warden would likely show up and behead the NPC for breaking a law thus making the fact they're an NPC now a moot point.
Rule of Thumb: Don't break the Laws of Magic if it takes your PC in to the
Zero Refresh range if you want your Character to live long. Having refresh left to you means you can be redeemed, going to zero refresh means you crossed the line into being a monster.


How does Google Analytics consider traffic?

Question: Q1)If any automated bot visits my domain will Google Analytics consider it as traffic?

What all factors does the Google Analytics consider to be legit traffic?

Q2)If a user visits xyz.domain.com ,Does Google Analytics consider that it visited domain.com?
Answer: Q1 - No, it it will not execute the Javascript snippet from Google Analytics hence it isn't registered.
Q2 - This depends on how you have configured Google Analytics. You can configure your snippet on the setup of the profile to include subdomains (such as xys.domain.com) or to treat them as a separate site. Note you would have to setup another profile then to track xyz.domain.com explicitly.


Why can't two different genetically species reproduce to give a viable offspring?

Question: What is the reason that only organisms belong to same species can produce a viable and reproductively healthy offspring but organisms of two different species cannot?
Comment: What exactly do you mean by "viable" and "healthy"? Does this include being able to reproduce, or just being healthy and having the ablility to survive? Please clarify.
Comment: Viable - it should be living atleast and I meant reproductively healthy as healthy.
Comment: This question is based on a false premise and shows lack of research — there are many examples of [interspecies hybrids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)#Taxonomy) that are able to reproduce with other hybrids and/or one or both progenitor species. These hybrids include many modern *Homo sapiens*, wolves and coyotes, several species of "new world" warblers, and many plants.
Answer: The short answer is that "different species" are defined as "not being able to produce viable offspring".  So the answer to your question is that it's a tautology; it's that way because that's how it's defined.  You're asking a question about words, not about biology.  If you were able to persuade people that a "species" was "anything living in the same area", then "different species" would be perfectly able to reproduce.
More specifically, there are many different definitions of "species", and you're asking a question about one particular definition, the "biological species" concept that was first presented by Ernst Mayr in 1942 in his book Systematics and the Origin of Species.  Mayr's definition is a useful one, but it's far from the only one; there are literally dozens of other definitions of "species".  See Wikipedia's The Species Problem for more information.
Still, it's worth asking why there biology does (to some extent) have "species" that don't interbreed; Mayr's definition has stuck because it is useful.  The first thing to consider is how remarkable it is that any two individuals (of the same species) can interbreed at all.  It's not the default option! There are thousands of highly specialized quirks that allow fertilization to happen at all. Males and females have to be incredibly fine-tuned to recognize each other, to have sperm and egg meet each other, to have the sperm identify the egg, to enter and mix genetic material ... the cascade is tremendously unlikely and has to be rigorously maintained.
So when it's not maintained -- when there's no selection pressure on two populations -- inevitably there will be genetic drift that will randomly disrupt this fine-tuned system. If a population of, say, voles is isolated on an island, they will continue to have pressure to be able to interbreed with other voles on the island, but if they can't interbreed with those on the mainland there won't be any consequences, and so over long enough time they'll drift and lose that ability -- just as many apes, not suffering any consequences from not synthesizing vitamin C, gradually lost that ability from random drift.
There's another side to it. Two populations in the same location may be positively selected to not be able to interbreed. Think about two groups of finches, one with small fine beaks that eat tiny seeds deep inside pine cones, and one with heavy beaks that crush and eat thick-shelled nuts. They each do fine, but they can interbreed and produce offspring that have intermediate beaks -- too thick to reach the fine seeds that one parent eats, but too delicate to crush the nuts that the other parent eats. Those intermediate offspring will die off, and both parents will have wasted their resources raising them.  Both parents would be better off not breeding with each other,  but only breeding with their own kind to produce specialized and efficient offspring. There is now selection pressure on the birds to recognize their own kind (perhaps through songs or mating displays) and ultimately to be inter-sterile, so they never waste resources on the un-fit offspring. There's a gradation of separation over time, in which the different populations become more and more distinct. Eventually, at some arbitrary point, humans start calling them "species", but that's just us, not biology.
"Species" is an important concept, but it's not special in evolution; speciation is just one aspect of natural selection, there's nothing magical about it.
Comment: Nice! Taxonomy isn't carved in stone. The nomenclature changes over time. The scientist decide that some subspecies should actually be different species, species are moved to another genus, etc. Are dog *Canis familiaris* and wolf *Canis lupus* different species? They can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Answer: In sexually reproducing organisms, fusion of gametes starts of the process of embryonic development.
If union of gametes between two genetically distinct species takes place, there may be two situations -

Same number of chromosomes - Though the number of chromosomes are same, during the first mitosis, their centromeres may not be arranged in the same plane. As a result, cell division cycle arrest occurs, halting further development.
Different number of chromosomes - The extra chromosomes which are not paired lead to differential tension on the microtubules which again disrupts the cell division cycle.

Description of cell division checkpoints.
Comment: But still there are mules, and they themselves are infertile.
Comment: There are numerous examples of viable interspecific hybrids, many of which are reproductively competent. Your answer seems to assume that these don't exist. Your answer also seems to be about post-zygotic inviability (rather than sterility) and provides no references or other support for either mechanism. One example — mules (and hinnies) have an odd number of chromosomes and while *usually* sterile they are very robust. This shows that your point 2 is incorrect (it may help explain meiotic failure in the hybrid, but it definitely doesn't prevent development of that hybrid).
Comment: @tyersome I agree that there are viable interspecific hybrids but the way the question is asked, it seemed to me that they want to know the reason why such hybrids are rare which is why i listed (simple) causes to explain it. I also agree that the factors I have listed are post zygotic ones. Truth be told at that point in 2017 I did not know enough about evolution (and I still don't).


How to set a search box to only search through a specific library?

Question: I have done lots of reading on this site as well as others, and tried lots of different options. What I am trying to do is create a "search page" for a database, and both of these pages (search page & database page) are both libraries (search page was made a library even though no documents will be here because I couldn't get a web-parts page to appear in the quick launch). I have a few documents in the database page, no problems there. In the search page I have a search box & search core results box. I have tried to create a scope by using the database library URL + /SiteAssets as a rule (requiring).  When I change this it takes like 15 minutes until the update is made in the scope, but then in my "view scopes" page the scope that's been created is not "shared" nor does it have any items (says not available). I have also modified the "search dropdown" display group to only show this new scope, but when I go to mess around with the scope settings on the search box it doesn't show up! What do I need to do? Maybe there is another approach? I am using SharePoint 2010.
Answer: Thanks for the response Supermode! So I finally got it to work! Not sure what did it, I changed the "Scope" in the locations settings for the search core results web part to the name of the new scope (I had URL of the library I wanted to be scoped previously). And the issue with none of the items being "available" in the "Search Scopes" menu disappeared after I changed the rule to "include" instead of "require". Thanks for the help!
Answer: You need to create search scope to target specific library. Here is a video tutorial in how to do it.
http://www.bentedder.com/create-a-search-scope-for-a-sharepoint-2010-list-or-library/
Hope any helps


Approaches on 2D top-view racing game track design

Question: I've finished programming the car (acceleration, etc) and now I'll start developing a track editor of some sort. The thing is: I have no idea how I'm going to do that. How would you do it? Perhaps design the tracks on GIMP and use some sort of pixel collision detection, or perhaps use multidimensional arrays to store track data like walls and "dirt". I'm open to suggestions.
Answer: The way I would approach this is to create at least two tiles (dirt and road) on GIMP as you suggested (pixel size depending on the size of your car). Then I would keep track of the "board" of a certain size, where the number represents the number of tiles, using a matrix or a list of lists (IDK what engine/language/platform you are using so I'm keeping it vague). This would let me lay out the board pseudo-randomly with just a couple of for loops. By pseudo-random I am referring to the fact that the road must be connected. Maybe even consider laying out the road and then filling up the rest of the matrix with dirt.
for example an 10x10 board gives you 8x8 tiles to work with and it would look like this (s=start; e=end; d=dirt; r=road):
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
| d d d d d d d e |
| d d d d d d d r |
| d d d d d d r r |
| d d d d d d r d |
| d d d d r r r d |
| d d r r r d d d |
| d d r d d d d d |
| d s r d d d d d |
| _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |
This Unity 2D tutorial is where I got the idea: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvvaqAbpPjc&t=321s
TBH I am pretty new to this myself... just started to learn recently, but i thought I could be helpful here.
Comment: Yeah, it actually gave me a pretty good idea on how to go on with the data structure. By the way, I'm developing it in Python with Pygame.
Comment: I see. I'm not sure if Pygame has anything specific for this... But you might be able to use a numpy matrix for keeping track of positions.
Comment: I found my way through it. [Have a look at the test track file inside the tracks folder](https://github.com/EricsonWillians/ArcRacer). I store the ground data, waypoints and objects in different matrixes. I'm not using numpy, I'm doing it quite manually. The game is working / moving on. The next challenge is to determine the player position in the race (Starting to develop the actual racing system, laps and so on).


Can Steam tell me when I have a game installed on another computer or in another OS?

Question: Does Steam know, and will it tell me, if I am installing a game that I already have installed elsewhere on the same account? In particular, I don't want to install the same games in Windows and OSX and Linux on the same computer, but more generally I'd want to avoid installing games without cloud synced saves in multiple places accidentally.
Comment: If you go to the steam community website under your game list http://steamcommunity.com/id//games?tab=all it will tell you which games you have 'ready to play' and which are 'not installed'. It doesn't say where it is installed though.
Comment: @Ramhound - Your library is limited to the install location, not the OS: you can have a [dual-boot system with another hard drive](http://gaming.stackexchange.com/a/138156/28182) that has your steam library on it. Point both OS's versions of Steam at it and both will pick it up (they may download some extra executables etc for the secondary OS, although it won't remove the other ones.
Comment: I can't confirm this, but *if* the steamapps layout is the same for all operating systems, you should be able to add them from settings -> downloads -> installation folders (or equivalent, my interface is in Finnish) and they *could* be detected. But as I said, can't confirm with only Windows.
Comment: Steam does not care.  Your library is limited to the operating system Steam is using though.  You can install your library on as many computers as you want.  Since your unable to play all of those games at once it makes sense.  Mutliplayer games will require steam not to be in offline mode for obvious reasons.
Answer: The Steam client application does not have this feature currently.
If you visit your profile, go to Games, then all Games, it will give you a list of games including which are ready to play. However, it is not reliable for games installed on other PCs. For example, I have GTA IV and X3: Terran Conflict installed on my laptop, and neither of these show up as being available on the Steam website when viewed from my desktop.
Answer: I have both Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 running on the same PC and games installed on both operating systems. The Steam application for either of the operating systems does not recognize whether the same game has been installed on the other OS.
I suspect that even if I pinpointed the directory of the Windows game to the Ubuntu Steam client, it wouldn't work simply because both the versions of the game are not identical. This is not just a DirectX/OpenGL issue, I think, but something quite general which makes porting necessary for games from one OS to another. I am not sure about how many games's codebases are completely platform-agnostic.
I think the simple reason to not implement this feature is simply that it isn't required by a lot of people currently. This is likely to change when SteamOS comes out unless NVIDIA and AMD both start churning out platform-agnostic drivers.
So a simple solution (since I don't think this feature will be implemented and no details have been given on the Steam website) is to maintain a rule of thumb while installing games. For eg., I usually install less time-consuming games on Ubuntu as I stick to small play sessions between coding breaks.
As you said when you have cloud sync, there is no problem. In games which don't have cloud saves, I suggest sticking to one OS.


Monero wallet password - recovery of wallet and XMR

Question: I'm in trouble. I don't remember my Monero wallet password. And I don't have the private keys or the 25 word seed. Is it possible to get the password? I'm using the GUI wallet. Does the PC not save something that can help? I mean like a file, cache or something?
I have the .keys file, but not the address, secret spend key, secret view key or password to open it.
I have my public address from a transaction I made when i created the wallet. Is it possible to get my Monero back?
Answer: If you don't have your seed or password, you cannot recover your XMR.


Replacement Battery for a 2005 Ford Focus

Question: I need to replace the battery on my 2005 Ford Focus. The battery indicated is a 590 CCA. I live in a very mild climate in Seattle. Rarely gets below 20 degrees here in the winter. Is there any reason I should go for a higher CCA or stick with the manufactutrer's suggested 590?
Comment: Was your original 590 CCA battery causing you cold start issues? If not, no reason to increase. If so, go for it. Your battery is part of your car, which is a tool you use to help you in your daily life; do what you need to do to make sure it meets *your* needs. If it ain't broke...
Answer: There is no reson to exceed the OEM requirement, or spend the extra money to purchase battery capacity you don't need.  I think you need a BCI Group Size of "96R" ...
If you were running accessories with the vehicle off for extended periods, off-roaded the vehicle, or had a large lightbar, huge stereo amplifiers, or other add-on things, it might be a consideration.
I sincerely doubt you have any of these.  Stick to the original group size of battery.
Note that different aftermarket batery manufacturers may have a different CCA rating for the same group size.  You can safely ignore these slight differences.


Supramolecules in Spartan

Question: Maybe someone here is familiar with supramolecules calculations using Spartan? I am new in this area and trying to figure out some things:
First - what's the best way to draw them? I tried to draw one molecule and then using copy-paste append the others but then they overlap and it takes forever to minimize their energy so they make hydrogen bonds in the places I need. Maybe there is any way to 'freeze' hydrogen bonds? Because I now where they shoud be (or at least want to calculate different structures with hb in different places of molecules). If I try to put this molecules near when sketching still when I try to minimize the energy hb forms not in the exact places I need them to be. And I need four molecules to form kinda cyclic-structure.
Thank you in advance!
hb I need between two molecules are:
Answer: You can create distance constraints between two atoms (set them to the distance you expect for the hydrogen bonds), and then do a force field minimisation.
It's in the menu called Geometry, and then "Constrain distance". You pick the atoms, and click the little lock in the lower right-hand corner, and then enter the distance you want next to the lock.
Comment: Thank you! But if I don't know what should be the distance? How I could calculate it first?
Comment: I would just use a typical value (1.6-2.0 Å, Wikipedia) as a first approximation. Then after you get the geometry in the ballpark, you can remove the constraints and do a more accurate minimisation.

Supramolecules in Spartan


Can I remove BootCamp HFS+ driver

Question: So, I have an iMac 27" Late 2012, and I have just installed Windows 10 Home 64Bit through BootCamp. BootCamp comes along with several "support software", useful drivers made for Windows and Apple hardware. I have recently noticed that one of the drivers mounts and makes read-and-writeable drives that are formatted in HFS+, including my Mac drive (which appears read-only) and an external HDD I make backups to. Since I'm afraid of Windows Ransomware, I'd like to remove any access to HFS+ drivers from Windows side of things. Is there any way to remove (or at least disable) the driver that enables HFS+?
Answer: AFAIK the Apple HFS+ drivers are read-only. You may have installed another read/write driver like Paragon.
To remove Apple HFS+ Driver:

Browse to C:\Windows\System32\drivers\
Move AppleHFS.sys & AppleMNT.sys to the Recycle Bin
Create a Remove_AppleHFS.reg file with a text editor like NotePad and the following content:
<code>Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\AppleHFS]

[-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\AppleMNT]
</code>
You may have to add a trailing empty line.
Merging a reg file with the registry should work as following:

Click on Start and then Run...
Type in regedit, and then press OK
In regedit, click on File, and then Import
Enter the filename or otherwise locate the ".reg" file you want to enter, and press OK
The contents of that ".reg" file will be entered into the registry.

Restart
Comment: Thanks for the reply. Can you please explain how I can Merge it with Windows registry (I never used Windows before, only GNU/Linux and Mac). Also, doing so am I REMOVING the driver or making a kind of "script" to DISABLE it?
Comment: @alex2003super Moving AppleHFS.sys & AppleMNT.sys to the Recycle Bin and emptying it removes the files. Removing the reg entries is the clean-up work to delete unknown reg entries.
Comment: paste that code into a file in notepad and save it with a .reg extension. Then double click on it to apply the changes to the registry.
Comment: And, what do you mean by "trailing empty line"?
Comment: @alex2003super Some files need a new empty line to work properly. But I can't show this properly because empty lines at the end of a code section are just suppressed in the presentation here! [Example](http://apple.stackexchange.com/a/153677/93229)
Comment: This actually solved a long standing VSS-problem for me on my "genuine" Windows 10 machine also. It prevented restorepoints and also cloning and backups of the system partition, since many backup software uses VSS. Thanks!

Can I remove BootCamp HFS+ driver


How to create super/subclass programmatically in core data?

Question: I've got a generalization in my core data model with entities named A, B, C let's say where A is a super class with subentities B and C.
A is not abstract, so if I create an A NSManagedObject, I need to create and relate a single B or C subclass object.  How do I make this happen?  I can create the entities, but HOW do I tell the model that object B is a subclass of object A (or vice versa?)
Note:  I did create the model programmatically and the subentities have been set properly for entity description "A".
Here's my sad attempt to move forward.  Any ideas?  Bonus points if you can direct me to a code sample that does the job.  Thanks.
NSEntityDescription *aEntity = [[model entitiesByName] objectForKey:@"A"];
NSEntityDescription *bEntity = [[model entitiesByName] objectForKey:@"B"];

A *newA = [[A alloc] initWithEntity:aEntity insertIntoManagedObjectContext:context];
B *newB = [[B alloc] initWithEntity:ATC_Entity insertIntoManagedObjectContext:context];

Answer: Thanks to the cocoadev group for answering my question here
and here.
Basically you just insert the subentity into your model and the superentity magically pops into existence.  If you subclass your NSManagedObjects, you need to declare whatever properties you want to access.


How to throw a caged, hostile animal into a pit in Dwarf Fortress?

Question: Is it possible to throw caged animals into a pit without connecting each cage to a lever? When I try to assign the animals to a pit, they break loose from their cages as soon as a dwarf start dragging.
Comment: I thought I was having this problem. It turns out I'd messed up my pit and left a downward stairway on the same tile as the hatch at the top of the pit.
Answer: The answer is a resounding... "kinda".
What you want is a cage that's as close to the pit as you can get it. Dwarves have a tendency to freak out over any non-tame animal, but sometimes if they are close enough, they'll transfer the animal before they freak out.
Case in point: I once had a caged fox that I wanted moved into a built cage. I stationed my military dwarf between the two cages and prepared for the worst. A dwarf came by, unlocked the fox, began to panic, and ran away. My unarmed military dwarf immediately started wrestling with the fox, when all of a sudden, a 2nd civilian dwarf, responding to the original job request, grabbed the fox mid-battle and threw it into the proper cage. My military dwarf continued to stand outside the cage and glare at the fox.
In short: Dwarves are crazy. Sometimes nearness helps, sometimes it doesn't. (And never, ever, try and sell your bronze colossus cage.)
Comment: Do you know if there is a specific skill to stop the escapes? I put a few mulldog cages right next to the pit, but still couldn't throw them in.
Comment: It's inconsistant, unfortunately. Sometimes it works better than others.


Do documents in Danish need to be translated for UK standard visa?

Question: So I am applying for a visa for my mom so that she can visit family in the UK. We live in Denmark. The gov.uk website states that all documents that are not in English or Welsh must be translated (no mention of the translations being certified). I was wondering whether I could translate the documents myself since I am fluent in both: Danish and English. Or could I ask a friend to translate documents for me (I think maybe the immigration office would mind if I translate the documents myself)? Also, I heard from a few friends that you don't need to translate documents that are in Danish. So what is the truth in all of this? Should I get documents like bank statements (which are pretty self explanatory) translated by a certified translators (who are crazy expensive in DK)?
Answer: You should refer to the detailed guidance in https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/visitor-visa-guide-to-supporting-documents/guide-to-supporting-documents-visiting-the-uk
"If you submit a document that is not in English or Welsh, it must be accompanied by a full translation that can be independently verified by the Home Office. Each translated document must contain:

confirmation from the translator that it is an accurate translation of the original document

the date of the translation

the translator's full name and signature

the translator's contact details"

AFAIK, it is not typically necessary to get bank statements translated, given that the information provided is usually self-explanatory - a debit/credit is a debit/credit in any language.
Comment: My mother in law was refused a UK visa some years ago and among the reasons given was the failure to translate her bank statements.
Comment: Does each paper in the document need a separate stamp of the certified translator or would a single stamp be okay for the entire bundle? Since, 1 stamp costs 250 DKK (stupid expensive for a stamp).
Comment: @phoog where was ur mother in law applying from?
Comment: @SelenaCarlos Sarajevo. The statements were written in Bosnian, in the Latin alphabet.  It's probably not necessary for the translation to be certified.  Which visa are you applying for?
Comment: @phoog I applied for a standard visitor visa for my momma. Your assumption that the translations need not be certified may be correct, since, the gov.uk website does not explicitly state that the translators need to be certified. However, I've read other forums and sources which point towards the importance of a certified translation. What a bummer!
Answer: Assuming your mother has a Danish passport you shouldn't need a Visa at all. See https://www.gov.uk/check-uk-visa/y/denmark
Comment: Where did you get that OP and the mother are Danish citizens? Plenty of people live in other countries than where they have their passports from.


Is Julián Carax based on a real author?

Question: In The Shadow of the Wind by Carlos Ruiz Zafón, Zafón has the main character discover a book entitled The Shadow of the Wind in the Cemetery of the Forgotten Books. This book is by a little-known author, Julián Carax, who was not very well-received by critics and many of his books have been destroyed following his death in either Paris or Barcelona following the Spanish Civil War. Is Julián Carax based on a real person or is he a character entirely his own?
Comment: I assume it is a fictional character.
Answer: Interesting question, I wondered myself. All I could find was a small hint in "Julian's book", the last chapter in "The Labyrinth of the light" (1:1 translation from my German copy, the original was published in 2016 as "El laberinto de los espíritus".
There's a name mentioned as ghostwriter of Julian Carax: Boris Laurent. This could be some inside joke or a hint, as such a person(s) actually exist(ed). One of which has written 3 books (found at Amazon), but since I don't understand Spain nor French I have no idea if this reference could actually point to a real person. Very vague, very conspirative, I'm still sitting in the dark. Could be just a common and garden name...
But Julian Carax is most certainly a fictive name.

Is Julián Carax based on a real author?