An algorithm for a minimization problem, How to minimize the wasted length of combination of multiple items with different length and number

Question: Suppose there is an unlimited number of pipes, each has length $x$ meters.
There is a list of requirements of pipes with shorter length than $x$. The number of these items are also given.
For example we need to have $n_1$ pipes of length $x_1$,$n_2$ pipes of length $x_2$,..., $n_k$ pipes of length $x_k$ $\forall i, x_i \leq x$.
We need to cut the pipes of length $x$ such that the requirements to be fulfilled and also minimize the number of the used pipes.
For example for $x = 12$ and $$item1: x_1=3,n_1=50$$ $$item2: x_2=5,n_2=30$$ $$item3: x_3=7,n_3=80$$$$item4: x_4=2,n_4=90$$$$item5: x_5=9,n_5=15$$
we can cut the pipes in multiple ways. The worst solution is to allocate one pipe for each requirement, in this way the number of used pipes will be $$\sum_{i=1}^{i=k}{n_i} = 265$$
But by combining item2 and item3 into one pipe, we can reduce $256$ by $30$. In this way item2 is prepared then we can combine item1, item3 and item4 to prepare the items and use the minimum number of the pipes.
As another solution we can also combine item5 and item1, or even allocate one pipe of length $12$ for $4$ pipes of item1
I would like to know is this a famous problem? and is there any efficient algorithm for it?
 My Solutions
Solution 1
Because I really don't know what the class of this problem is, I tried to solve this problem using the approximation algorithm given for the Set Cover problem.
The items form the set of elements, and any combination of items where the summation of their $x_i$ is less than or equal to $x$ is a valid set and its cost equals to $$cost(set_i) = x-\sum_{item_j \in set_i}{x_j} $$
But in set cover problem an element may appear in multiple sets while in this problem such thing is not reasonable. Besides that the $n_i$s are different that is why the Set Cover solution is not working here.
Solution 2
My second solution is a simple greedy algorithm. First I create set of valid sets as explained in the Solution 1, select the one with minimum cost. In this way at least one item with the minimum $n_i$ is produced.
In the second step, first I need to update $n_i$s (because some items are produced in the previous step) and remove the completely covered item from the list. If $set_j$ was the set with minimum cost, Then there will be a few pipes with the length $$wasted= x - \sum_{item_k \in set_j}{x_k}$$.
For the remaining items in the list, if there is anyway to form elements in a set such that sum of their $x_i$ is less than or equal to $wasted$ then we produce those pipes, else we should repeat from the first step with the new list.
Comment: This is the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_stock_problem.
Answer: Take a look to knapsack problem.
Simple algorithm (not the optimal solution)

order the item descending
cut the n5/(x\x5) ("\" is integer division, i.e. 12\9=1) = 15 pipes to satisfy x5 = 9m and partially x1

Repeat step 2 for x3 = 7m and so on.
Comment: This is an optimization of Solution 2.


Is this a smirk

Question: You know when someone tells you something you don't like but it's true and you just have to accept so you make a face like this :| widening the mouth and making dimples in each end and perhaps shrugging
Would you call that a smirk?
"When i ask her if that was true she ___"
Answer: I would not denote that situation as a smirk. Typically smirking faces are a smug form of smile, which is usually to demonstrate a gained pleasure in someone else's pain https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/smirk
I believe you are referring to a grimace, where your face contorts in a manner that expresses disapproval
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/grimace
Answer: A smirk is a smug, conceited, or silly smile.  So I suppose if what someone says makes you feel a bit silly or stupid, and your reaction is to make a silly smile, then yes it could be described as a smirk.
The body language of such as a smirk might convey a different message however, perhaps one of sarcasm or annoyance.  So, be careful who you smirk at!  Do it too often and you might be perceived as childish or peevish.

Is this a smirk


Underruns in ASA interface

Question: I have an ASA firewall in production.
When I issue the show interface command, there are lots of underruns and it keeps increasing. I have change the LAN cable, reset the interface, enable and disable flow control and even changed the device connected to that interface.
Has anyone experienced this? Any suggestions?
Comment: Did any answer help you? If so, you should accept the answer so that the question doesn't keep popping up forever, looking for an answer. Alternatively, you could provide and accept your own answer.
Answer: as stated in https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/10780211/help-underrun-errors : underruns occours when rx-ring is full (unable to accept more pkts); it mean that NIC is unable to pass data to IP level at same speed they arrive at NIC.

Underruns in ASA interface


Does anyone know how to convert dls files to sf2 ones?

Question: I've found the Windows default soundfont, which has some really great sounds (like the lead from Porter Robinson's "Sad Machine") but it's in .dls format. Ableton's sampler can import .sf2 files, but not .dls ones. Does anyone have or know of any programs that can convert this so that I can use the sounds?
Answer: You should be able to use a SoundFont editor to open a .dls file and save to a .sf2 file. I was able to do this using Viena, a free Soundfont editor you can find here: http://www.synthfont.com/Downloads.html
This is a bit of an old post, so I don't know if you still need help, but I figured I'd answer anyway just in case someone else finds it useful.
Answer: While it could be considered expensive, Awave Studio has been around for decades and can convert between hundreds of different audio and music file formats - including .dls and .sf2
http://www.fmjsoft.com/awavestudio.html#main


Thread safe graph libraries

Question: I am looking for a good Java Graph Library which is thread safe for concurrent access. JGraphT, JUNG, JTS are very good but again for concurrent access I will have to synchronize it externally which is becoming a pain. It is a pain because say If thread A have to access 50 vertices, Thread B for another 50 with the intersection of vertices being 20 vertices. Now while writing code I need to know this 20 before so that I can synchronize it accordingly. Pl suggest if there exists some framework for graphs which has inbuilt support for concurrency
Comment: Waiting for some answers
Answer: Neo4J.org sits in this space IIRC.
Comment: But isnt it a db for graphs. Can you please express it a little.

Thread safe graph libraries


"In object-oriented programming, the program is organized around its data"

Question: In a description of OOP in my textbook, it is written that "in procedure oriented program the program is organized around its code while in object oriented programming, the program is organized around its data". What is the meaning of this statement? An explanation with an example would be of great help.
Answer: procedure oriented programming means you can group some operations to finish a task when you know how to do it,step 1,step 2……
object oriented programming means you can inspect a object from two parts,its features (states or data) and its behavior in different states.
Comment: I don't undestand how this answers the question.  Can you expand on it a little?
Answer: Before answering the question you have to understand the difference between code and data. Data(input) is a raw fact that manipulates into a new data(output) and Code defines the behaviour like how that data converts to that form.
As we know procedural programming is to divide the program into pieces(module) and then work on separate piece ; These pieces are distinct and interrelated. Every data is local to its piece i.e data is only manipulated by the code within piece.This Doesn't mean the data never be changed , it cannot be manipulated from outside but can be over written.
Now the question arises  how data be over written?
It is matter of fact that a new module by a new member can accidentally use the variable(data) that is already be used in other module.Thus the value being return from other module is overwritten.
Thus insignificance of a data cause a Procedural programming to be organised around code.
Thus Object Oriented programming is build to focus more over Data (Generally both code & data).Like procedural programming having pieces or modules , OOPs having 'Classes';Code & data are bind as an object thus you can independently use the data regarding the class.To overwrite it you have to use the same object regarding of that same class.So in OOPs if a new class is created then there is no way you can overwritten the values because to overwrite the data you need same class in which the object is created.Thus OOPs is organised around data.
Comment: This is a very confusing answer.  It seems to imply that in procedural programming, data must always be global, which is clearly not true (although it was, of course, historically true for certain languages).  It is perfectly possible in more modern procedural languages, however, to separate out data in such a way that it is not accidentally damaged in the way you find.  Abstract data types, for example, provide an alternative discipline that can be used in a procedural language and which have similar benefits to those you discuss.
Comment: confusing come on ..
Comment: Well... if I use a procedural language with useful module structuring (e.g. Modula, or even one of the many extended variants of Pascal) and use abstract data types, how is it a "matter of fact that a new module by a new member can accidentally use the variable(data) that is already be used in other module"? In my experience, such languages have module-scoped variables that prevent accidental reuse of data in this way.  So am I missing something?
Answer: There are different approaches to find solutions to problems in computer science.They are called paradigms. Procedural and OOP are two kind  of paradigms.
Procedural programming

uses instructions to tell the computer what to do step by step.
For example:
  cobol,fortran,c

Object oriented programming

approach to problem solving where all calculations are carried out by
  objects.
For example: java,php,c#

What is the difference?
In Procedural programming The steps of code(instructions) determine and controls the way of working the program.But in Object oriented programming based on objects.An object is a instance of class. Class is a group of objects with common properties and common behaviours. Once you have created class, You can use that class any  where in the code.That means , Code doesn't determines the way of working the program.But program is dependant on  the internal structure of the class. That means, It is dependant on the attributes and behaviours(data and the way of handling  those data).  So now It is clear that, "in procedure oriented program the program is organized around its code while in object oriented programming, the program is organized around its data"
Comment: classes have *recently* been added to javascript, but they are emulated using prototypes.  The fact that javascript *also* supports other paradigms doesn't detract from the fact that the core of its OOP implementation is based on prototypes, not classes, and that classes should not be considered to be a core part of OOP itself (Alan Kay, the inventor of the term, has in fact suggested that the use of classes was a mistake... see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oKg1hTOQXoY)
Comment: Not all object-oriented programming languages use classes.  Consider Javascript or Self, for instance.
Comment: Yes agree. But javascript is a multi paradigm language.(scriptintg, OOP,Imperative,functional). But when explaining some concepts, Mozilla developer site also uses the word , class.  https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Introduction_to_Object-Oriented_JavaScript

“In object-oriented programming, the program is organized around its data”


References regarding pragmatic views of philosophy of worklife

Question: I am looking for references regarding pragmatic views of philosophy of  work and worklife.
Comment: When you get some, you probably want to include stuff on the "Ethics of Care" (q.v.) so that you have not chosen too traditionally male a definition of 'work'.  Maybe you can work out from there.  It is women who have been allowed to think through their role in the market of labor most, recently.  Only they are free to ask the question as to whether it is obligatory or not.
Answer: That's pretty vague. Here are some discussions we've had on this SE. Are you asking for something not covered by these?
Does a person have the freedom or the right to not work?
Is work neccessary to be happy?
Is society deliberately limiting opportunities for a segment of the population to provide workers?
Help to explain the meaning of work beyond the sole purpose of making money
Is a work ethic, ethical?
Is work a virtual fable?
Is forced labor without pay under poor work conditions , slavery?
Is Work the Root of All Evil?
Arendt : What is the main and intrisic purpose of diffferentiating between "labor" and "work"?
Buddhism has 'right livelihood', as one of the steps on the  Eightfold Way, which together are the 4th Noble Truth. It's not really systematic, more a kind of guide to contemplating how to subsist ethically, and in alignment with Buddhist priorities.
Play is philosophically interesting, and how it can overlap or not with work. Nietzsche said: "Man's maturity: to have regained the seriousness that he had as a child at play." Feeling autonomous and able to be creative in a job has been shown to reduce stress & link to a longer life.


Play all songs by the same artist on iOS

Question: How can one play all the songs from a particular artist or group sequentially from different albums? Currently I have to open up the next album of the same artist or even the same album if songs from it were purchased at different times.
Comment: May I suggest you to give Cesium a try?
Answer:
Open Music app
Tap (repeatly) on the Library button at bottom left until you get to the top level
Tap on Artists
Select the artist you want
Top row allows to play all titles across all albums at random, tap that
Open the currently playing view
Scroll down a bit and disable shuffle mode

PS: I didn't say it's easy that way but it works well for those artists you haven't defined a Smart Playlist for.
Comment: I believe this functionality doesn't exist on iPad. Which is a weird discontinuity. For some reason even Siri plays only Apple Music songs (even if you hide Apple Music in the settings).
Perhaps the easiest workaround is to search the name of the artist in the Search tab, scroll down to the list of songs, press "See All" and then the Shuffle button on top.
Answer: The easiest way is to create a Smart Playlist in iTunes that looks for all the music by that artist, then sync it with your iOS device. The playlist on your iOS device will automatically update whenever you add new music to your library by that artist and re-sync.


Integrity constraint violation error when saving product (google experiments on)

Question: I am trying to edit configurable product and getting error. I am using Magento version 2.1.2
Steps to reproduce:

Go to admin -> Stores -> Configuration -> Sales -> Google API section
Change the configuration Enable Content Experiments to "Yes"
Save a configurable product and its child product consecutively.

Expected result:

Product should be save successfully with any number of times.

Actual result:

failed to save product
getting bellow error:

SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1062 Duplicate entry
  '0-402-product' for key
  'GOOGLEOPTIMIZER_CODE_STORE_ID_ENTITY_ID_ENTITY_TYPE', query was:
  UPDATE googleoptimizer_code SET entity_id = ? WHERE (code_id='136')

Anyone can help me to fix this issue?
Answer: If you don't use google experiments you can just truncate googleoptimizer_code


What is the Specific Fuel Consumption of CFM56-7B24/26/27 engines?

Question: I think the title completely says what I need. I use FSX (Flight Simulator X) to simulate flights and while flying the B738 I saw that it consumes much more fuel than the estimated amount, which is calculated by the software. By doing some research in the airplane folder I figured out that the problem is because the wrong Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) is  entered there. And by some research on the net I also found the type of engine that B738 uses. So, right now, I need to know the SFC of the CFM56-7B24/26/27 engine so that I can enter the correct value in FSX.
Comment: Does it vary by engine type installed? Rolls Royce, GE, Pratt & Whitney, etc? Or by the power setting used? Or the altitude that is used for level flight? I know the power setting and altitude sure affect my fuel burn in my little, by comparison, Lycoming O-360.
Comment: Related thread elsewhere: http://www.airliners.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=750059
Answer: SFC for CFM56-7B is 0.5lb/lbf/hr. As an aside, the LeapX is 16% better at 0.42lb/lbf/hr.


OneNote Android Cache

Question: I have broken my touch screen on my Google Nexus 7.  I have one weeks work in OneNote on the tablet. It has not been online all this time so is not synced into Onedrive.  I have connected the tablet to my computer using a cable, and I can see the files on the tablet. I want to copy the cached OneNote file on to my PC using windows explorer.  I have searched the Android file system but cannot locate any OneNote files.
Does anyone know if the OneNote cache is accessible in Windows Explorer and if there is someway to recover the notes I have put into OneNote?
Regards
Muz
Answer: For security and reliability reasons, private app data are stored in a directory that's only accessible by that app, unless you've previously rooted the device. The only data visible from an MTP connection are files that apps have chosen to share in this way by putting them in the "shared storage".
As well as stopping an attacker from circumventing the screen lock by doing exactly what you're doing, it also stops users breaking apps by messing about with their data files.

OneNote Android Cache


A language is Turing recognizable iff it is a projection of a decidable language

Question: I was wondering how to prove that a language $C$ is Turing-recognizable iff a decidable language $D$ exists such that $C = \{x \mid \exists y \;(\langle x, y\rangle \in D)\}$.
I do not know how to prove this kind of questions, is there any help to solve this problem or any problem as this kind?
Comment: What have you tried and where did you get stuck? What exactly don't you know? It's unlikely that you got to an exercise such as this without knowing how to prove an equivalence, for example.
Answer: There are two directions here. One is trivial: if $C$ is indeed of the above form, then it is clearly recognizable: given $x$ just run $D$ on all possible $y$'s in a dovetailing manner (see, e.g., here, or search in this site).
The other direction is less obvious, but also not too difficult: Assume that $C$ is recognizable. Then, there exists a machine that halts and accepts any $x\in C$. Thus, you can write the sequence of configurations of $M$ on input $x$, and this sequence is finite! This sequence will be the $y$ that exists if $x$ is in the language. You should be able to complete the details from here.


What is the Oberoni Fallacy?

Question: In my travels across the internet, I've occasionally seen mention of a logical fallacy relating to roleplaying games called the Oberoni Fallacy.  What is this fallacy, and where does it come from?
Answer: The Oberoni Fallacy is an informal fallacy, occasionally seen in discussions of role-playing games, in which an arguer puts forth that if a problematic rule can be fixed by the figure running the game, the problematic rule is not, in fact, problematic.
The user Oberoni originally posted the idea in 2002 on the Wizards of the Coast forums:

This my my [sic] take on the issue.
Let's say Bob the board member makes the assertion: "There is an inconsistency/loophole/mechanics issue with Rule X."
Several correct replies can be given:

"I agree, there is an inconsistency/loophole/mechanics issue with Rule X."
"I agree, and it is easily solvable by changing the following part of Rule X."
"I disagree, you've merely misinterpreted part of Rule X. If you reread this part of Rule X, you will see there is no inconsistency/loophole/mechanics issue."

Okay, I hope you're with me so far. There is, however, an incorrect reply:

"There is no inconsistency/loophole/mechanics issue with Rule X, because you can always Rule 0 the inconsistency/loophole/mechanics issue."

Now, this incorrect reply does not in truth agree with or dispute the original statement in any way, shape, or form.
It actually contradicts itself--the first part of the statement says there is no problem, while the last part proposes a generic fix to the "non-problem."
It doesn't follow the rules of debate and discussion, and thus should never be used.
Simple enough.
Comment: the word sic makes it clear that it is a spelling mistake that has deliberately been left in because it was in the original text, so you definitely don't need to change it.
Comment: @user1306322 [sic] is shorthand for  "sic erat scriptum", which means "thus it was written". It denotes that the typo, misspelling, typographic error, grammar error are part of the original quote.
Comment: @KorvinStarmast No, to say that would be an equivocation.
Comment: In other words, it's not actually a fallacy.
Comment: @BaconBits You have to misunderstand the RPG, and how it became what it is, to see this pseudo fallacy as anything other than a load of bollocks.

What is the Oberoni Fallacy?


Why can some ions have different valence?

Question: Like $\ce{Fe}$, it can be $\ce{Fe^{2+}}$ or $\ce{Fe^{3+}}$, same with $\ce{Ni}$ and $\ce{Co}$, what determines whether the ionic compound will be $\ce{Fe^{2+}}$ or $\ce{Fe^{3+}}$?
Answer: An empty, half-filled or fully-filled electron shell is especially stable.  $\ce{Fe}$ metal is [Ar] 3d6 4s2.  $\ce{Fe^{2+}}$ emptiess the 4s-shell.  $\ce{Fe^{3+}}$ give that plus a half-filled 3d-shell.  Vanadium II, III, IV, V.  Now try chloride, hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, and perchlorate.
The most stable oxidation state depends on the medium and added ligands, if any.  Cu(I) is a Lewis soft acid. It is stabilized by soft bases like pyridine, $\ce{MeCN}$, olefins, $\ce{I^{-}}$.  $\ce{Cu^{2+}}$ is a hard Lewis acid.  It is stabilized by hard bases like ammonia, water, $\ce{Cl^{-}}$.  Dissolve $\ce{CuCl2}$ in pyridine or $\ce{MeCN}$ and you have a powerful oxidizing agent. Dissolve a $\ce{Cu^{1+}}$ salt in water and it disproportionates into $\ce{Cu}$ metal and $\ce{Cu^{2+}}$.  Put $\ce{Cu}$ metal and $\ce{Cu^{2+}}$ into $\ce{MeCN}$ and you get $\ce{Cu^{1+}}$.


What happened to Avraham's other sons?

Question: After the Torah's account of Avraham's other sons, Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak and Shuah, being sent to the East with gifts, do we have any tradition about what became of them?  Did they play any significant role in the continuation of history?
Comment: In Sefer HaYashar, it lists the names of the sons of each of them. I think it is interesting that people say that they were the progenitors of the Hindus, being that one of Zimran's sons was called Abihen.
Answer: They possibly were responsible for the synthesis of Hinduism.  This can be found in two back-to-back verses in Genesis, Gen. 25:5 and 6.  The translation of the first is "And Abraham gave everything he possessed to Issac."  The very next sentence is "And to the sons of Abraham's concubines, Abraham gave gifts, and he sent them away… eastward, to the land of the East."  The obvious question, of course, is "If Abraham gave everything he possessed to Issac, what gifts did he have left to give to the sons of his concubines?"  The answer is gifts of knowledge.  ("Gifts" here is also spelled strangely to indicate that there is something unusual about them.)   A short while (100-200 years) after they were sent out eastward to the land of the East, the Brahmins entered India from the northwest (traveling eastward).  The name of BRaHMa is the same as aBRaHaM.  The name of Brahma's consort is Sara, as Abraham's wife.  (She is commonly called Sarasvati, but the suffix -svati is an honorific – the name itself is Sara.)   Furthermore, the names of some cities in the northeast of India, where the Brahmins entered, are similar to some of the names of Abraham's sons.
ADDITION: Rav Yaakov Weinberg zt"l makes this assertion, not with the same level of historical analysis but he definitely says that Avraham's children who went to the East became the roots of Eastern religion. He explains that their focus on pure Being and a Oneness of Existence is predicated on the Middah of Chessed, without ever taking it further to Din as Yitzchak did. The fascinating shiur is freely available here: https://www.dropbox.com/s/nbwrlgytina7692/Buddhism%20and%20Religions%20of%20the%20East.mp3?dl=0
Comment: Kind of unbelievable. A source would help. A lot.
Comment: Welcome to Mi Yodeya, Mr. (or Mrs.?) Goldstein.  This is a very interesting suggestion.  Could you provide any sources for it (both the Torah interpretation and the secular history)?
Comment: I have seen references to this in various places and as a result of some google searches. However, I do not have authoratative links so I cannot put it in an answer.
Answer: They went Eastward to the land of the East. I have heard that the gifts Avraham gave them was knowledge about how to do things like yoga, chi, and all of those other mystical things that gurus do in India.
Comment: wat............
Comment: "And to the sons of Abraham's concubines, Abraham gave gifts, and he sent them away from his son Isaac while he [Abraham] was still alive, eastward to the land of the East."

When Rashi says "the name of impurity", he is referring to all of these Far Eastern magic things.

Rashi:
Our Sages explained that he gave them "the name of impurity" (Sanh. 91a). Another explanation: All that was given to him because of Sarah and the other gifts that were given to him, all these he gave to them, for he did not wish to benefit from them.
Comment: so abraham 3alow sholom possessed magic? do you not see how that contradicts anything? lol....
Comment: tell me, what does it contradict?
Comment: that fact that magic is not allowed in judaism. and the fact that there is no such a thing as magic
Comment: Avraham's other sons were not the progenitors of Jews, so it was ok for them to do magic.

If there was no such thing as real magic then Avraham taught them how to do the things that was considered magic at the time.
Answer: The Zohar I:100b records a lengthy, fantastic story about R' Aba who visited a city in the East and learned things from them that sounded just like Torah. R' Aba then tells them (translated into Hebrew):

אָמַרְתִּי לָהֶם, בָּנַי, דָּבָר זֶה קָרוֹב לְדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה, אֲבָל יֵשׁ לָכֶם לְהִתְרַחֵק [מתוך] מֵאוֹתָם הַסְּפָרִים [הללו] כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִסְטֶה לִבְּכֶם לָעֲבוֹדוֹת הַלָּלוּ וּלְכָל אוֹתָם הַצְּדָדִים שֶׁאָמַר כָּאן שֶׁמָּא חַס וְשָׁלוֹם [לא] תִּסְטוּ מֵאַחַר עֲבוֹדַת הַקָּבָּ''ה, שֶׁהֲרֵי כָּל הַסְּפָרִים הַלָּלוּ מַטְעִים אֶת בְּנֵי הָאָדָם, מִשּׁוּם שֶׁבְּנֵי קֶדֶם הָיוּ חֲכָמִים, וִירֻשַּׁת הַחָכְמָה הַזּוֹ יָרְשׁוּ מֵאַבְרָהָם שֶׁנָּתַן לִבְנֵי הַפִּילַגְשִׁים, שֶׁכָּתוּב (בראשית כה) וְלִבְנֵי הַפִּילַגְשִׁים אֲשֶׁר לְאַבְרָהָם נָתַן אַבְרָהָם מַתָּנֹת וַיְשַׁלְּחֵם מֵעַל יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ בְּעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי קֵדְמָה אֶל אֶרֶץ קֶדֶם. וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִמְשְׁכוּ בְּאוֹתָהּ חָכְמָה לְכַמָּה צְדָדִים.
I said to them: My children, this matter is close to words of Torah, but you should distance yourself from these books so as not to be strayed into those forms of worship, lest you stray from worship of God. For behold, all these books cause man to err, for after all the People of the East are wise men, and their inheritance of wisdom was inherited to them from Avraham who gave it to the children of his concubines. as it says, "And to the children of concubines which were to Avraham, he gave them gifts and sent them from Yitzchak his sons while he was still alive, eastward to the land of the east".

Rav Yaakov Weinberg zt"l makes the same assertion that Avraham's children who went to the East became the roots of Eastern religion. He does not delve into the same areas of historicity as A. Goldstein did, but he explains that their focus on pure Being and a Oneness of Existence is predicated on the Middah of Chessed, without ever taking it further to Din as Yitzchak did. The fascinating shiur is available here:

What happened to Avraham's other sons?


YouTube won't take channel art.

Question: I upload the channel art, adjust the crop, save it, and then it changes from the upload prompt to a white box. If you refresh the page the upload prompt is back. Tried on Chrome.
Answer: Make sure the file size is 2MB or less. I had the same problem and this fixed it. They should make sure there is an error that says file is too large so you know.
Comment: Wow. That worked perfectly. Thanks. And wow Google, you know the file size, just reject it instead of failing silently. Thanks!

YouTube won't take channel art.


Citroen C4 won't start

Question: I have a 2007 Citroen C4 2lr diesel. Every couple of months it won't start, it just clicks when ignition is turned. The battery is not flat and all connections have been checked. I have to carry a jump starter around with me in case it happens. When leads are connected it starts first touch. Can't take to garage because it never happens then. Fantastic car, just this annoying problem. Anyone come across this problem? Cheers, Les.
Answer: If the car starts with a jump pack then there is a problem with the battery, connection or something draining the battery. It can't be anything else.
I would start by having the battery 'drop tested' where the battery is put under a high load and tested.
Is there always a set of circumstances that leads to it not starting? Maybe after being left for a couple of days or after driving at night(the headlights being on) etc.
A common fault with Peugeot/Citroen vehicles causing a flat battery is the BSI or BCM unit (the fuse boxes located in the interior and the engine bay) the BSI is most likely to cause a flat battery as sometimes it fails to go into sleep mode or it fails to give the command that makes the rest of the ECUs go into sleep mode.
I would take the car to a independent Peugeot/Citroen specialist or a specialist auto-electrician to have the BSI software updated at the same time they could have a look inside at the PCB to check for dry solder joints, water damage etc.

Citroen C4 won't start


Can you identify this torso assembly

Question: Can anyone identify this torso and arms?
I did a search on Bricklink for torsos with 'fur' and 'belt' but couldn't find it.
Comment: Can you please insert the image instead of the link? Usually, the webpage opens with popups, cookies and other unwanted stuff.
Answer: I found another listing for the same minifigure on Etsy with extended description, which doesn't mention LEGO parts have been used. Otherwise that would be a selling benefit. Also, two sentences below, extracted from description, make you assume minifigure is built from non-LEGO parts.

This custom Minifigure works with any building block set.
These figures are custom figures and are only compatible with LEGO® but are not in any was associated or endorsed by them.

Now if you are still in doubt, we could check if Bricklink has them. Torso and legs seems to be in Light Bluish Gray color. While such legs exist as LEGO item, checking torsos, assembled torsos, body parts (arms) in this color it can be be concluded that torso and arms have non-LEGO print. These still could be made of genuine LEGO parts, but print is custom.
Hair looks to be in Dark Orange, which exist both in LEGO form as Minifigure, Hair Female Mid-Length with Braid around Sides and a color.
Answer: The seller says that it was handmade, and Lego minifigures are not made like that. And it clearly says this in the product description:

Game of Thrones Ygritte custom mini figure.

This most likely means that this is a MOC figure. Like I said before, Lego would not bother to buy the Game Of Thrones license (it is already purchased by Mega Construx anyways) and they don't even spell the word "minifigure" as "mini figure." As told in the comments, the head, hair, and grey pants are not in Bricklink's database, so I'm still sticking with the fact that it's a MOC figure. I typed "head blue eyes" "orange hair" "pants grey" but none of them appear. This therefore offers more proof to my answer.
Comment: "Custom minifigure" doesn't always mean all of its components are non-LEGO or otherwise modified LEGO parts. Minifigure could be assembled from existing LEGO elements, but assembly itself doesn't appear as such item in any of the sets.
Comment: @mindstormsboi [Hair](https://www.bricklink.com/catalogItemIn.asp?P=59363&colorID=68∈=A), [Legs](https://www.bricklink.com/catalogItemIn.asp?P=970c00&colorID=86∈=A)
Comment: You also don't need to have a license to build your own GoT minifigure from LEGO elements. So having an answer based on the fact that LEGO doesn't hold the license for Game of Thrones isn't really accurate
Comment: And based on the price, I suspect this was not custom printed but assembled from other lego pieces.  The custom printed ones typically sell for much more.
Comment: @user3794648 Well, the head, hair, and grey pants are not in Bricklink's database, so I'm still sticking with the fact that it's a MOC figure. I typed "head blue eyes" "orange hair" "pants grey" but none of them appear. This therefore offers more proof to my answer.

Can you identify this torso assembly


Convert Stockfish analysis output to pgn

Question: It seems that there is no way to direct see Stockfish's analysis in pgn when it evaluates a position. I am looking for a way to convert the SAN or LAN format into a PGN. Maybe it will work in Python. Does anyone know of a way to do this conversion?
Answer: If you're in chessbase you can right click on Stockfish (where it displays its lines of evaluation), and press "Copy to Notation".


How can one apply and work for the Ethereum Foundation?

Question: I would like to know how one can apply and work for the Ethereum Foundation as a software developer. I tried to look online but could not find the answer.
Comment: I think you should contact one of the ethereum team. This kind of question is more suitable for reddit rather than stackexchange.
Answer: According to Vitalik's tweet
https://twitter.com/vitalikbuterin/status/867355118005436416

How you can help Ethereum: send smart people our way. Math, CS, dist sys, crypto, econ, game theory, behav econ all highly welcome.

And his reply:

Researchers/devs working on foundation payroll part or full time is an option.

A lot of people submit their tweet-sized cvs in the thread. You could try it also!


Wouldn't everyone who has a post vote down the other posts?

Question: I see how the answer method works here and on all Stack Exchange sites, but, can someone explain to me why those who have answers to a question can downvote other answers. Doesn't this seem a little pointless?! Can someone explain. I'd appreciate it.
Comment: Why is it pointless?
Comment: @HelpingHand: Downvoting costs your reputation. And just because you downvote something, doesn't make your answer right. People who would behave in the way you describe, would be very unlikely to even earn the privilege to downvote, as you need 125 reputation to even be able to do it.
Comment: People disagree with your premise that it is pointless to allow users to downvote competing answers.
Comment: I'd say, don't worry about getting downvotes on Meta sites. It's not like you're losing reputation over it or you'll be banned from asking further questions. Editing your question to change its original meaning would probably do more harm than good here.
Comment: Precisely, explain *why* you think it's pointless. Other than revenge downvoting, people generally don't go on a downvoting binge. Besides the (minor) loss to the downvoter's rep, pulling down other valid answers provides no great advantage that I can think of. Perhaps you can and would like to share?
Comment: Please show specific evidence of people generally downvoting all other answers to a question they've answered themselves, just to make their answer stand out better. While the system *does* allow you to do this, I'd be very surprised if you could bring up any examples that show this behavior on a large scale.
Comment: See [FAQ](http://meta.superuser.com/faq): *On Meta, voting is often used to express agreement or disagreement, not to point out a lack of quality or helpfulness.*
Comment: Because the ones who are answering a question will constantly downvote all other answers. This would be a false voting process because the person who voted had an agenda (not that the answer was not written well). When someone downvotes others answers, his answer would transitively raise to the top.
Comment: No, no you don't understand. I'm just saying that it is possible to do so. What would be the downfall of preventing those who answer the question themselves from downvoting other answers to the same question?
Comment: Why did you guys downvote my question?? Does it not show research effort?? How can you research this??
Comment: Oh, okay. But what is there to agree to? Its a question!!
Comment: And so do I now?! So if I edit it to not say that, will you upvote it?
Comment: Alright, yeah, I didn't notice that I wasn't losing reputation. Anyway, thank you for the help. Good day to you all.
Comment: We actually had a user a year or two ago who downvoted most questions about topics he didn't care about (because they *clearly* were bad and took up valuable space that could be used for questions about his favorite topics). I wonder how long he managed to do that. (Question down votes don't even cost reputation now, but I don't know whether that was back when that cost 1 rep too).
Comment: Excellent observation. +1
Answer:
There's a system in place to detect serial down voting. I'm not positive, but I would suspect it would detect this behavior as well.
It costs 1 rep to downvote an answer. If you're constantly downvoting other answers, I would actually suspect you to lose reputation overall versus leaving other answers alone. Mostly because:
Downvoting someone else's answer doesn't make your answer suck any less. :) The questioner is not likely to be fooled by numbers; they typically accept the solution that works for them regardless of the numbers. In fact, it's not uncommon to see a highly upvoted answer yet a different accepted answer.

And for the most part, frequent users don't see this as a competition. We're here to learn and to teach.
Comment: Alright, you convinced me. If there is already a system to stop this, then you answered my question. Very good. Your answer is confirmed.
Answer: First of all, yes, the system allows you to downvote any post, regardless of whether you're involved answering the same question. But no, this is not a problem. If somebody was really going on a downvote spree we'd be able to detect that.
And here's a very important point: If you're experienced enough in a topic to be able to sufficiently answer a question, you should actually be one of the first to have the privilege to downvote any wrong answers given to the same question.
Let's contrive an example where I answer a question that asks for a Bash script to achieve something. It so happens to be that I know Bash, and somebody else posts a script that isn't working due to some syntax error. Why should I not be able to downvote it? What good behavior would it encourage if I couldn't point out that a post is simply wrong?
Note that quite the opposite is encouraged. The Sportsmanship badge is given to those who upvote competing answers.
Comment: Very good explanation as well. Thank you for your help. I understand.
Answer: Downvotes on main sites usually should mean there's something drastically wrong with the question. We arn't here to punish users who don't toe the line - the downvote/upvote and even the closure system is designed to encourage better questions and answers. I personally like to accompany my downvotes and closures with comments designed to help users work out what went wrong, in order to fix it.
If you DID get a downvote, editing it to fix issues there allows uses to undo said downvote should quality be sufficient to. As such, a downvote isn't a slap on the wrist, its an incentive to do better. We prefer positive reinforcement (upvotes! Badges!), but sometimes a little negative reinforcement would do.
Downvotes arn't the end of the world. Stop worrying and Do Awesome
Comment: From your instruction, I shall go forth and **"Do Awesome"**. Thank you for implanting "the force". And the force be with you as well. USE IT WISELY. Cheers.


Is it haram to keep pets?

Question: Is it haram to keep pets in your house? I know that if you have a dog in your house then the angels may not enter you house but what about other pets such as cats?
Comment: i think cat is ok. Abu Hurraira was named so by Muhammad(pbuh) because he had a cat, rather than being rebuked.
Answer: Pets are allowed in your home. You can have any animal as your pet, but you need to keep an eye on them too, to take their care and to keep others in care from them.
Dogs
Dogs aren't allowed, not because they're dogs. But as you have mentioned that Angels won't enter your house. Basically you're taking the most literal meaning or the understanding to this fact.
Guests are taken as the blessings. And Angels bring blessings alongwith them. A dog at home, would sometimes try to bark at them, here in Pakistan dogs are more often to bite the guests too, I remember my neightbours dog bit his cousin (female) who never came back to visit his home again.
Thus, that is why dogs were never allowed, since they're not very welcoming. However, if you can tame them. Then you can keep them in your home, without any issue.
Cats
As MAKZ has already provided an example, and I think no one would be able to give an example then his. Hazrat Abu Hurraira(R.A), was given this title because he had a cat as a pet.
Thus, it won't be haram to have pets. It is just their effects on other people. Since the pet you're having won't harm you. But it might not be as much friendly to other, and Islam forces us to take a good care of our neighbours and our friends and family. That's why we must keep those animals as our pets that might not be that much dangerous to our fellows.
Comment: I believe whether the dogs are tame or not, they may not be kept *inside* the house.
Comment: I agree with @Seeker I've never seen evidence that permits tame dogs in the home over stray dogs.
Answer: A Muslim is allowed to have pets on the basis that the animal isn't oppressed.
There's a hadith attributed to Rasolullaah saying =

دَخَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ النَّارَ فِي هِرَّةٍ رَبَطَتْهَا، فَلَمْ تُطْعِمْهَا، وَلَمْ تَدَعْهَا تَأْكُلُ مِنْ خِشَاشِ الأَرْضِ
"A woman entered the Fire because of a cat which she had tied, neither giving it food nor setting it free to eat from the vermin of the earth. " [al-Bukhar, Muslim]

So, the woman didn't give the cat its rights, thus, she was punished for it.
As for dogs, I want to mention something first.  Dogs are NOT unclean or najis.  This needs to be made clear.  People say dogs are impure animals without any Islamic proof.
Now, they're forbidden in the house not because of Angels not entering.  This was only for Rasolullaah since the angels of revelation didn't come while 'Aisha had her puppy.
If someone claims any angel won't enter, we should ask what about the angel of death?  What about the angels writing our deeds?  Will we never die or never have our deeds written?
Therefore, angels not entering our home was restricted to the Prophet only, no one else.
However, dogs are forbidden because of another hadith attributed to Rasolullaah, he said =

مَنِ اقْتَنَى كَلْبًا لَيْسَ بِكَلْبِ مَاشِيَةٍ أَوْ ضَارِيَةٍ، نَقَصَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ قِيرَاطَانِ
"Whoever keeps a dog, which is neither a watch dog nor a hunting dog, will get a daily deduction of two Qirat from his good deeds."

As you can read, dogs are forbidden because two qirat of our good deeds will be taken away.  Allaah tells us in the Quran not to destroy our deeds.
But, the Prophet made two exceptions to have dogs = watch dog or hunting dog.
If dogs were impure, or najis, the exceptions wouldn't matter.
As for pets in general, there's no prohibition as long as you don't oppress the animals.
waAllaho Alim.
Comment: It's understood from the hadith that the angels are the angels of mercy and not all angels and dogs are unclean, do you have a hadith that says otherwise?
Answer: Every pet is ok to keep except dogs. Although if it is a watch dog or hunting dog that is an exception
Comment: Salam and welcome to IslamSE the Q&A site about Islam. Please consider reading [answer] to elaborate a good and helpful answer. As is this looks more likely like a comment.
Comment: Perhaps this answer could be expanded by (a) addressing if it's halal to keep pigs as pets (and under what circumstances), and (b) addressing how some pets are illegal (e.g. endangered species).  It would also be improved by adding Islamic evidence for support.

Is it haram to keep pets?


Translation to Latin of "everything is revenge"

Question: I'm trying to translate a phrase. I'm trying to say "everything is (part of) revenge", as in "every action is an act of revenge against the ones that tried to break you". Sorry if it's not too clear English is not my first language. So far I've come up omnia ultio, but a friend (that is somewhat better at Latin) said that this sounds more like "everybody's revenge".
Answer: Ultio is indeed good for "revenge".
The wordings that more literally match "everything is revenge" sound a little awkward to me, so I suggest instead:

Nihil nisi ultio.
  Nothing but revenge.

This sounds like proper Latin and seems to get the same message across.
You can also add a verb to both languages (or just English and leave it implicit in Latin):

Nihil est nisi ultio.
  There is nothing but revenge.


Does Human Guise render me humanoid?

Question: The Human Guise feat renders one human for all intents and purposes, but does counting as possessing the human subtype necessarily entail counting as possessing human's supertype (humanoid)? For example, would a Metamorphic Master Mimic (possessing the change shape ability through the Transmutation Wizard Specialization School or Oni Sorcerer Bloodline) be subject to lycanthropy if bitten by a werewolf while in human form and possessing this feat?
Comment: Related (but not a duplicate): [Do transmutation spells change the type](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/76058/do-transmutation-spells-change-the-type)
Comment: What race and creature type was that wizard before polymorphing?
Comment: @ShadowKras a mimic.  So, aberration.
Answer: Human Guise doesn't make you humanoid
Human Guise does not say that it changes your creature type, it says you count as human for the purpose of taking archetypes, feats, spells, traits, and prestige classes:

Benefit(s): You count as both human and your race for the purpose of taking character options, such as archetypes, feats, spells, traits, and prestige classes. In addition, you count as human for all other effects whenever you would otherwise appear human. For instance, a +1 human bane arrow would deal additional damage to a kitsune with this feat while she was in her human form (as per change shape), but not in her true form. Likewise, such an arrow would deal additional damage to a skinwalker with this feat while she was in her true form, but would not in her bestial form (as per change shape).

This feat was specifically written for Kitsune, which have a type Humanoid (Kitsune), while Humans have a type Humanoid (Human), Elves are Humanoid (Elf), and so on. But with requirements written so more creatures could benefit from it, like doppelgangers, which are Monstrous Humanoid (shapechanger).
What this feat does is let you count yourself as a human whenever an archetype, feat, trait or prestige class requires you to be human. A few examples:

Trait: Aspiring Bard (Human);
Feat: Surge of Success (Human);
Archetype: Imperious Bloodline (Sorcerer/Human);
Spell: Guardian Monument.
There are no Prestige Class that requires you to be human at this point, the closest being Furious Guardian;

While a Kitsune could be targeted by an Enlarge Person, for being a humanoid creature, a doppelganger could not, as he is a monstrous humanoid. This is related to the creature's type, and even if the feat did polymorph your character (which it doens't) it wouldn't work, as explained on this other question.
There are very few character options that change your creature type, like the capstone ability (20th level abilities) of monks.
But, whenever an effect would affect only humans (Named Bullet), or cause extra damage to humans (Bane), or ignore you if you are human, you would also be affected differently. But Charm Person still wouldn't affect a doppelganger, because it targets humanoids and not humans. Similarly, a lycanthrope's curse could affect a kitsune, but not a doppelganger.
Comment: So a theoretical *Enlarge Human* spell that only works on creatures of the human subtype would work, but not *Enlarge Person*?  Regarding type changing, while this might not change your type it *does* effectively change your subtype because you count as having this new subtype "for character options... and all other effects", which is everything, though it's true the subtype doesn't actually change.
Answer: This took some digging.
In order to qualify for Human Guise in the first place, you must:
a) Have the Change Shape ability
b) Have the shapechanger subtype
c) Must have as one of your forms (it doesn't matter if it's your true form a not) that of a human.
The Change Shape ability specifically says

This ability functions as a polymorph spell, the type of which is listed in the creature's description,

Which means that it will ultimately depend on which Change Shape ability you have.  In your example, you asked about the Transmutation Wizard and Oni Sorcerer versions- the Transmutation Wizard's version transforms you into a creature of the beast, magical beast (if you're high enough level) or elemental types.  The Oni Sorcerer's version transforms you into a creature of the humanoid type.  Further, the Master Metamorph's Change Shape ability is identical to the Transmutation Wizard's- which means that your mimic would not qualify for the feat with the Transmutation Wizard or Master Metamorph's abilities alone.  The Oni Sorcerer does- and because its version specifically changes you into a humanoid, you would count as a humanoid (human) for purposes of the Human Guise feat.
It's entirely possible that a different combination would give you what you're looking for (which is presumably to be considered an aberration (human)), but for the examples above, if you can get the feat at all, yes, you'll be humanoid.
As one further note, since polymorph works identically to the spell alter self when giving you a human shape (that is, by making you a humanoid), you'll need an ability to turn human that doesn't rely on the Change Shape ability regardless.
Comment: I have to downvote this, sorry. See [this answer](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/76058/do-transmutation-spells-change-the-type).
Comment: Human Guise lets you count as a human, so you don't need to be able to turn into one once you have it (since whatever you turn into is now a human), so that part of the prerequisite can be safely ignored with a scroll or other cheap one-time access.
Comment: @ShadowKras Oog.  Did _not_ see that answer when I did the research.  I'd argue that _polymorph_ specifically says it turns you into an animal, humanoid or elemental, but since it describes the effects as identical to spells such as _alter self_, and that one does fall under "form of" instead of "type changes to," I think I'd lose.

Does Human Guise render me humanoid?


Are the offset voltages in a dual/quad op amp correlated?

Question: On a single piece of silicon on which there is more then one op amp, are the input offset voltages at all correlated, i.e. would they be expected to be same direction and similar magnitude?
Comment: There may be some similarity, but not reliable enough to be useful.
Comment: If you need low offset then a laser trimmed chip is better for you. https://www.digikey.bg/product-detail/en/texas-instruments/THS4551IDGKT/296-44771-1-ND/6198697
Comment: What will happen is thermal crosstalk between the OpAmps. The deltaVoffset/deltaTemperature spec is a DC spec; you'll need to test the actual circuit with the actual waveforms, and measure distortion of the 2 or of the 4 opams.
Answer: No.
The offset voltage comes from the difference between the two input transistors in the same opamp.
The input transistors in this TL072 are interleaved so that they have the same center, so that if the transistor parameters are varying linearly across the die, the average parameters are the same. Despite this the transistors are still slightly different because the variation is not exactly linear.
So if the two transistors right next to each other are mismatched, why would the ones on the other half of the die have the same mismatch?
Comment: The input transistors are the large structures at the bottom. Left and right are the two opamps.
Comment: `+1` I really like this answer - an IC that looks just like your avatar! Seriously, this is a good answer because it includes some helpful insight into the why. I've never heard of interleaved transistors. I see identical looking patterns, but nothing I could pick out as two transistors with actually interleaved structures. Is it possible to describe where that's shown, or a link to a description?
Answer: No, you can't assume anything about correlation between opamps on the same chip unless the datasheet explicitly says so.  I don't remember ever seeing a datasheet say anything about offset voltages of opamps on a chip relative to each other.
Think about it: offset voltages are due to the slight mismatches between transistors in a chip.  Some transistor parameters are random, but others may correlate with where they are on the wafer.  However, the input transistors of an opamp are already near each other, and likely much closer to each other than the input transistors of other opamps on the same chip.  This doesn't leave much mechanism for the offset voltages between nearby opamps to be correlated somehow.
Comment: I agree.  I don't have the numbers in front of me but I just tested an OPA4388IDR from TI and all four opamps had different offset voltages.
Answer: For absolute values-NO. For drift over time, they will have there independent offsets and gain tracking issues as well.
For dual and quad op-amps, precision means independent gain and offset for each channel.
With independent gain and offset, there should be some correlation over time, but no datasheet would ever state that. Reason is that the user ambient temperature and voltage and loading of outputs is unknown.
If one of four channels has a heavy load, any hint of correlation is gone.
Answer: No guaranteed correlation assured. Best you can expect is that they should be within data sheet specs as long as you correctly apply the part within rated operational ranges.
Answer: LM394
This is not an opamp, but it is a differential pair, sold as having very good thermal tracking between the two transistors.
It is actually made on die as thousands of individual transistors, that are then connected checkerboard fashion in parallel into two interleaved 'super-match' transistors.
I came across this device years ago not because we needed superb matching between the two transistors, but because we needed a very low noise, low impedance, transistor for low frequency 50 Ω amplification duty (post mixer in a phase noise test set), and simply used the two transistors in parallel.


What steps were taken at the end of WW2 to prevent a WW3?

Question: I've heard a lot of unofficial stories regarding various steps that were taken at the end of WW2 to prevent a WW3. What were these steps? Did they work? Or is America's status as a superpower a deterrent against warlike situations across the world?
Comment: @PrahladYeri There was no such thing.
Comment: Question demonstrates no prior research, references uncited rumors, and asks if we have had WW3 yet. This appears to be a solicitation for discussion, not a serious question.
Comment: Are you talking about peace in Europe? What would WWIII look like? Large coalitions have made war since then. There's been constant violence by states in countless countries since it ended. If the picture is millions of men hunting each other, I'd say technology. But I'm not trying to answer your question...sorry, I think you need to define world war in the current context. You mentioned nuclear war and an agreement to prevent it, but between who, and enforced by whom? How many states need to announce their exceptionalism before such an agreement's lost the power to prevent war?
Comment: It would be nice if you tell us what these "unofficial stories" says.
Comment: Major war is relative, there have been major wars. My friend got permission to travel out of the States to fight in the Bosnian war, before my Air Force got permission to prevent anything. There have been several instances of reporting on genocides in our lifetimes...I feel like you're ignoring a large portion of Earth if your view is the world's been at peace with minor warring. I'd like to give the West more credit for creating wealth in peace than a US deterrent. But clearly no military alliance has prevented war globally, or deterred its members from projecting war.
Comment: My introduction to unpeace was reading an article in the paper of exporting AEGIS to the pacific and paying billions as compensation in order to deploy Peacekeepers in easternmost NATO. It was how I discovered that a paper reveals a stories as they unfold which was fun and scary, anyway my paper was not shy to raise the perspective of provocation--forget about deterrence.
Comment: @Semaphore - I remember my History teacher once telling about some agreement between all nations post the Hiroshima/Nagasaki bombing, that no such weapons would be used in future.
Answer: There really is a whole list of things that were done to prevent WW3. So I would have to consider this question to be a bit of a laundry list question. However, one of the major things that the US did to prevent WWII is to not make the same mistake that it made after the end of WWI. It did not beat the losing side into the ground. In fact, the allied nations did quite a bit to help rebuild the axis nations. In this way, it prevented reemergence of the same resentment and desperation that instigated Germany's involvement in WWII.

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the American initiative to aid Europe, in which the United States gave $17 billion (approximately $160 billion in current dollar value) in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II. (Wikipedia)
Comment: Same is true for peace with Japan. Numerous financial and economic aids also included technology transfer and knowledge transfe. E.g. Toyota's famous "kaizen" method was actually grown out from an American management training program, and even its name is coming from an instructional film made by the Americans (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizen).


It makes no sense or what?

Question: This question , according to some users, makes no sense.  It is about the possible origin of the metaphorical usage of the term "beak" to refer to a "man mouth".
Please help me understand what sense is missing and in what way it is off-topic here. The origin of terms and their usage may require considerable research and a clear, precise answer is not always possible.  It that the problem with my question?
Comment: The question makes perfect sense and I agree with the answers below here. As time as passed since someone voted it as off-topic I'll leave it as it is. Also, I've deleted the comments relating to the discussion on it being off-topic as they were going into the personal and contained no information, and this is not admissible on SE.
Answer: I'm very new here so I'm probably off-tune with the general mood or tone, but from my current perspective - as I commented there - your question makes perfect sense. Whether it is a good fit for this site is more difficult for me to tell as I'm new, although it looks to me that it fits well, but regardless I think you might be taking too seriously the "goliard / frat-boy" (not in a particularly good taste IMO and probably not appropriate for this site but still not that serious) attitude that user @ElberichSchneider showed. Hopefully he can clarify how your question makes no sense but if I were you I would not feel the need to follow-up too much on this.
Answer: I've seen many questions of yours asking for the origin of a term / idiom.
While it's my personal opinion (and apparently also some other users') that often terms / idioms stem from themselves, this has nothing to do with the legitimateness of such questions (which by the way I personally find useful and interesting).
And technically speaking, I can't see a reason why those should be off-topic.
We have an etymology tag on purpose.
Comment: You are right, for some reason etymological questions are not popular here unlike ELU, for instance.
Comment: @Josh61 Well, it depends on the specific question. Usually the problem with those questions is saying a definitive word. You may find X using the idiom Y in the book Z in the year I, but maybe J used it in the book K in the year L. It's just that often it's hard to tell, and many idioms may not even have an "origin" intended in that way and they may have just "became viral" at some point. But still, there's no reason to deem those as off-topic: it's perfectly possible to get very close and / or to find more than a single possible origin, which in my opinion would be a loss not to have.

It makes no sense or what?


I keep reading about sea buckthorn in sandy soil, can I plant them in rich black soil for better results?

Question: I have a part of the yard that is incredibly rich top soil, can I plant them in the soil to give them the initial boost for a few years?
Answer: Sea buckthorn loves, loves, loves light and airy, nutrient-poor soil, the sandier the better. They handle dry spells, but not permanently "wet feet". Even the commercial breeds get little fertilizer, for home gardens it is recommended to fertilize for perhaps a year or two after planting, then let them mostly fend for themselves, except a light dose of compost evert other year or so.
But the really crucial bit about replanting them is - you probably won't be able to after a few years. They have a tendency to really anchor themselves and send roots (and offshoots) everywhere. And they grow fast! So better to think first where you want them, then plant. Amend the soil with lots of sand, if necessary.
Comment: That's where I was planning to try to suggest my parents plant the trees, since they have some sandy soil that has a hard time growing grass, but fill replacement dirt with compost from the neighbor's compost heap. Is it correct to understand you suggest not planting the tree with compost fill, which would make them "sick", until they grow beyond that soil?
Comment: How much worse of a root system is it compared to a conifer bush with all of their roots?
Comment: Hm, think "blackberry meets conifer"? Root-wise, that is.
Comment: And just to clarify: sea buckthorn is *not a tree, but a shrub", it grows very fast, gets between three and five meters high and gets a lot of offshoots, that means, you'll suddenly find new stalks not only around the base of the bush, but at a distance.


LibGDX multiple enemies animations

Question: Hello everyone i have a question about animating multiple enemies on the screen at the same time.
Basically, i figured out how to use the Pool for creating enemies and dispose them after use etc..
All enemies are equal to each other, and all enemies have 3 different animations for creating, moving, destroying.
Everything is working fine, but when i have multiple enemies on screen, they are all animating at the same times, even if they were (obviously) created in different times.
For example, i create 3 enemies, make them moving on the screen and they all have the same frame.. the animation must be the same for all, but i expected that the time when they change frame should be different.
The animations are instantiated inside the Enemy class, so i guess every instance of Enemy must have its own animation.
This is how i draw them in the Renderer class:
private void drawEnemies(float runTime) {
    enemyArrayLen = catta.activeEnemies.size;
    for (int i = enemyArrayLen; --i >= 0;) {
        currentEnemyAnimation = catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getCurrentAnimation();
        batcher.draw(
            currentEnemyAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime),
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getX(),
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getY(),
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getWidth() / 2.0f,
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getHeight() / 2.0f,
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getWidth(),
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getHeight(),
            1,
            1,
            0
        );
    }
}

Enemies are stored in the catta.activeEnemies array.
currentEnemyAnimation is a "support" variable in which i put the Enemy in every cicle of the for cicle.
This is how i initialize an Enemy:
public void init(float posX, float posY, int width, int height) {
    this.position.set(posX,  posY);
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
    this.alive = true;
    this.enemyRunTime = 0;
    this.creationTime = 0.8f;
    this.destructionTime = 0.8f;
    this.crea_Animation = AssetLoader.enemy_creaAnimation;
    this.crea_Animation.setFrameDuration(this.creationTime / 4);
    this.mo_Animation = AssetLoader.enemy_moAnimation;
    this.des_Animation = AssetLoader.enemy_desAnimation;
    this.des_Animation.setFrameDuration(this.destructionTime / 4);
    this.enemyState = EnemyState.CREATING;
    ...

Maybe it's all a runTime and delta matter?
Answer: SOLVED, i had to pass the enemyRunTime to batcher when drawing each enemy, instead of the global runTime.. like this:
private void drawEnemies(float runTime) {
    enemyArrayLen = catta.activeEnemies.size;
    for (int i = enemyArrayLen; --i >= 0;) {
        currentEnemyAnimation = catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getCurrentAnimation();
        batcher.draw(
            currentEnemyAnimation.getKeyFrame(catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getEnemyRunTime()),
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getX(),
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getY(),
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getWidth() / 2.0f,
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getHeight() / 2.0f,
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getWidth(),
            catta.activeEnemies.get(i).getHeight(),
            1,
            1,
            0
        );
    }
}

Now each enemy animates independently from the others

LibGDX multiple enemies animations


Changing PSN log-in on one user

Question: I accidentally used my old PSN log-in on my primary gaming user, is there a way to log into my new PSN account on that one user? I tried logging out and logging into the new one, but it said I cannot sign in using another users sign in ID. Please tell me, is there a way to fix this?
Comment: I assume you mean profiles on your machine? You can create a new profile and log in from it, you can even make sure that new profile is the default one when you turn on the machine.
Answer: There is no way to fix this PSN flaw.
On first online sign-in with a local user, that PSN name is permanantly associated with that local user. That PSN name is saved as read only; any attempt to log-in with another user name fails (as you have seen).
The only solution you have is to make a new local user and associate the correct PSN name with it.
Theortically, to backup all your save games and stuff you would attach some form of USB hard drive, copy over all user information, delete that account, create a new account with EXACT same name, and then copy over the data into the new user account.
WARNING: I have tried this twice for my girlfriend and once for another friend, none of those times was the save data or trophies able to be used by the new account.
DO AT YOUR OWN RISK
Answer: Yes you can! You have to do "restore default settings" from the hidden menu (press the power button wait for the first beep and leave it)
When you do, you are going to lose, messages, PS3 settings, passwords and emails. After the restore you can match your user name with your correct PSN id.

Changing PSN log-in on one user


If i publish my invention before i get a patent do i have a year to get a patent before i lose my rights?

Question: We have a first to file system but as im learning someone can still knock your patent out if they can prove they had and worked on the idea longer. So this seem like it pushed you to disclose early. I heard if i disclose my invention publicly I'll have benefits one being i have a year to get a patent and now have the early disclose date. Is this true? As to counter that i also hear if i make my idea public before i have a ppa or non provisional ill lose all rights?
Comment: I'll let the actual lawyers answer, but in essence, I believe you have a one year grace period in the US, but publishing will keep you from obtaining a patent in other jurisdictions. Pretty much everywhere has a first to file determination on who gets a patent. In general, you should really file before publishing.
Comment: Depends on the country. Where are you.
Comment: Lol sorry i left out that necessary detail. The U.S
Comment: "someone can still knock your patent out if they can prove they had and worked on the idea longer." Source? This seems to be wrong
Comment: Thanka for the help. And don. The source was a penn state lecture i found about patent law. I'll see if i can refjnd the link.
Comment: @DeusIIXII it might have been previous to the US turning first to file. First to file means that the first person to file gets the rights which contradicts your statement
Answer: Disclosures made by the inventor less than 1 year before the effective filing date is not prior art in the US (35 USC § 102(b)(1)). Accordingly, as long as the effective filing date (which can be the date of filing a provisional, where the benefit of the provisional is validly claimed in a subsequent non-provisional) is less than 1 year after such a disclosure, the disclosure is not prior art in the US for that inventor. It is, however, prior art for everyone else in the US.
However, it is still prior art in most other jurisdictions for the inventor. Notably, there are no such general grace periods in Europe or China. The disclosure would therefore prevent you getting a patent there.
Can someone still knock your patent out, if they can prove they had and worked on the idea longer?
No. Secretly working on something is not prior art, no matter how long they have done so. Prior art must be available to the public (35 USC § 102(a)).
This may, if the quite strict requirements are met, give rise to prior user rights (35 USC § 273), which can restrict the ability of a patent holder suing the prior user. However, this would not invalidate the patent.
Comment: @DeusIIXII Correct.
Comment: So if another person meet the requirments they can theoretically use the invention and it will be hard for me to sue TEHM but my patent is still intact to sue others for violating my patent?
Comment: Thansk as always maca.


Display resolution

Question: I'm a begineer user of a Elementary OS; can anybody help me to indicate how can I have a good resolution of display?  After instalation of Elementary OS is diponible only 4:3. Thank you!
Answer: 1 - Open System Settings > Displays and change the resolution manually. If you see a "fake" secondary screen disable it as well.
2 - Open AppCenter and go to the Updates tab. Wait for it to load, and install the  graphics drivers for your system.

Display resolution


Gmail App Stopped Syncing...Again

Question: Two different devices, a Nexus 7 tablet and Moto X. Both running last Kit Kat update. Nexus has Gmail app 5.1, Moto X has Gmail app 4.9. Gmail on my computer works fine. Both devices last synced 2 days ago at same time and neither will sync even manually now. Both worked just fine until 2 days ago. All other Google apps sync fine, only my Gmail doesn't. Since Gmail on my computer is fine and two separate devices using 2 different Gmail app updates don't sync, it seems like it has to do with my Gmail account or with the Google server, not the Gmail app per ae .Why did 2 devices stop at same time with my computer working just fine? Haven't been able to receive or send emails or draft emails from Nexus or Moto X for 2 days. Again, all other Google apps manually sync on both devices but Gmail will not on either. Don't see that this is another widespread sync problem like last June. Please advise. Thanks.
Answer: Just now, 51 hours after the sync failure problem began,my tablet and phone both started Gmail manual syncing again. No fix was applied. I can only assume therefore it was a Google issue and not my account, devices or the app. The only unifying root cause would be a Google server issue or my Gmail account, and that account always worked on my computer. Hopefully it will remain functional.

Gmail App Stopped Syncing...Again


How do I move a sprite around using tile based movement in Java?

Question: So, I'm new to Java and I want to get a sprite to move around the screen, like a tile-based movement. I really would like some help and some resources or tutorials could work. I've done a little C#, but I couldn't seem to get it.
Answer: Might as well learn it from Stanford right? The video lectures there are rather good for someone just starting out. You'll use Karol the Robot as your guide to learning to program. Once you get more comfortable with the higher level concepts you can dig into the source for Karol and learn how actually do the drawing and moving around.
Answer: This is relatively a language independent question. though my java is a little light, but the logic is the big thing here.
Tile systems are relatively straight forward, but still equally as difficult as continuous motion, in that instead of incrementing with respect to time
x += 5*time;
you instead add a fixed amount
x += tileWidth;
so for example if you have a character that holds a position you would just have.
if(button.press.up){
    character.position.y -= tileHeight;
}
if(button.press.left){
    character.position.x += tileWidth;
}

and the reverse for the other directions. the big thing here is instead of moving with respect to time, or some counting your moving with respect to fixed numbers. though this is primarily for rectangular tiles (square if tileHeight = tileWidth). if your doing different shape tiles (hexagonal, triangular, etc...) then your going to have different math, but the concept of moving at fixed increments is the key here.


Can you perform a coup de grace if you don't have a full-round action?

Question: Can a zombie or a staggered creature perform a coup de grace?
I'm wonder for both 3.5 and Pathfinder.
Answer: Yes
Because of its interaction with the action economy, the option is rarely used, but in both games a creature can take a standard action in two successive turns to perform a full round action (see here for 3.5e and here under Start/Complete Full-Round Action for Pathfinder). That is, the creature, at the end of the first turn, takes a standard action to start the full-round action, then, at the beginning of the second turn, takes a standard action to finish the full round action. In both games, however, some full-round actions remain impossible for the creature to perform, but a coup de grace shouldn't be among these.
Comment: As I recall, that option is only available when you _cannot_ use a full-round action normally, not an option you can always use.
Comment: @KRyan Not so far as I'm aware. A partial charge, for example, can only be taken when you're, like, *slowed* or whatever, but otherwise it's a general option available to anybody. You can follow the links to confirm.
Comment: Ah, I must have been conflating partial charges with the general option.
Comment: @KRyan It looks like you're wrong this time. And I can see where the confusion may come from. The PHB gives an example where a PC is limited to a standard action. But this example starts with 'for instance', thus it is not the only situation where this action is allowed. But it is for sure one of that few situations where it can be worth taking.


No method 'SelectToken' exists on type 'System.Linq.Enumerable'

Question: I would like to run a Json Object through DynamicExpression but i am getting the error "No method 'SelectToken' exists on type 'System.Linq.Enumerable'."
the below rule i am trying to execute through DynamicExpression.
Rule: JObject.SelectToken(\"$.Dosage\").ToString()==\"25\"
my Json Object:
{
  "Dosage": 25,
  "Drug": "Indocin",
  "Patient": "David",
  "Date": "2019-05-22T22:06:50.4394817"
}

´Code:
//converted json to Json Object:

JArray jsonArray = JArray.Parse(jsonString);
JObject data = JObject.Parse(jsonArray[0].ToString());

bool r = CompareRules("JObject.SelectToken(\"$.Dosage\").ToString()==\"25\"", data);

public static bool CompareRules(string formula, params object[] objects)
{
    var result = false;
    try
    {
        var lstParams = objects.Select(o => Expression.Parameter(o.GetType(), o.GetType().Name)).ToArray<ParameterExpression>();
        var e = System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicExpression.ParseLambda(lstParams, null, formula);
        result = (bool)e.Compile().DynamicInvoke(objects.ToArray());
    }
    catch (TargetInvocationException) { }
    catch (KeyNotFoundException) { }
    catch (Exception ex) { }

    return result;
}

i expect the output of JObject.SelectToken(\"$.Dosage\").ToString()==\"25\" is true if the value matches otherwise false.
Comment: Why not get rid of all those error masking `catch` statements and see the actual error that occurs?
Answer: I don't think Dynamic Linq is the right choice here, as you can't use it the way you want to without really abusing* its source code (i.e., by adding conditions that only apply to JToken). Here's why:
Your exception stems from Dynamic Linq's ParseAggregate (you'd see it if you'd debug into Dynamic Linq source code).
This method assumes that the parsed dynamic method (in your case it's SelectToken) can be parsed into an IEnumerable extension method (e.g., Where).
However, SelectToken is not an IEnumerable extension method, but a simple instance method declared in Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JToken. Therefore,  it's "not applicable", as the exception says.
For this reason, you'd also won't be able to use the steps given in this answer, as they only apply for IEnumerable extensions methods.
You should go with standard reflection programming.
*Note that you're already using ParseLambda in an unconventional way, as the expression you pass it as the last argument is not a lambda.


Federal Pioneer panel safety

Question: I just learned of safety issues with Federal Pioneer electrical panels. I have a house built in 2002/2003 (Canada) which has a Federal Pioneer panel, presumably of 2002 manufacture. Will it present the same hazard as older panels or would the safety issues present in older panels not exist in mine?
Answer: Meet Schneider Electric's red-headed stepchild
Since about the mid-1980s, Schneider Electric Canada has been the one responsible for the (re)design and manufacture of the Federal Pioneer Stab-Lok product line.  While reliable information on the Federal Pioneer product line is scarce, there has been evidence that Schneider Canada has acted to clean up the most egregrious design flaws with the Federal Pioneer Stab-Lok product line, mainly in the form of recalls of Stab-Lok breakers that appear to be of somewhat later designs than the original Federal Pacific type NA and show proper concern for electrical safety on the part of Schneider Canada.
Considering the recent vintage of your panel, I would monitor it, preferably with periodic infrared camera inspections to catch failing connections.  Having an electrician familiar with Federal Pacific/Federal Pioneer design flaws take it apart and inspect its innards visually may be valuable as well -- they may be able to tell you if your panel has retained any of the "red flag" busbar design errors that contribute significantly to the fire hazard old Federal Pacific panels pose.  Furthermore, a panel that new is highly unlikely to be a "split bus" or "rule of six" design -- a panel with a single main disconnect is potentially less vulnerable to being rendered completely irrelevant due to common-trip jamming faults in two-pole branch breakers than the "rule of six" design was.
I do not recommend, however, any "testing" of branch circuit breakers, especially in-situ; the required fault currents to properly test a breaker's magnetic trip capability are highly hazardous in the case of a failure, and it is practically impossible to get a sufficiently accurate "calibrated short" in the field anyway.  Furthermore, breakers are rated for a limited number of cycles at their nameplate interrupting current -- after they reach this limit, replacement is required to guarantee maintenance of their interrupting capability.
Comment: In the US I wont repair FPE stablock panels only replace them because of liability issues with the panels. I have read that the Canadian models were better or did not have all the problems that the models used in the U.S. had. This answer provides some good guidance on watching for trouble. +

Federal Pioneer panel safety


How to convert Corel Draw design into HTML design?

Question: I have a Corel Draw .cdr file which has a full design of a web page. Is there any way to convert that design into HTML template?
Answer: You need to code the html and css by hand to get a good result. Even if CorelDraw allows you to save your template to html it will never result in good and usable code.


Sharing wifi ,browsing

Question: My neighbor gave me his WiFi password to use. He doesn't know much about computers, but he knows 'the basics'. Can he see in his browser history what sites I'm browsing, or my passwords?
Comment: I assume that you don't know much about computers too. Your Web traffic doesn't go through his computer, only through his wifi router. If he is using a standard router given by his provider, he cannot see you watching porn and typing your password.
Answer:
If you browse websites that start with http, he could view the websites and its subpages you visit, what you post (e.g. facebook posts, google search queries, images) on these websites and that also includes the passwords you use for these websites. This requires more than "basic" knowledge, so even in this scenario, you should be pretty safe. Additionally, almost all reputable websites force you to use https (see below), so you should be safe in general.
If you browse websites that start with https (often browser add a padlock symbol left of your address bar to denote that), he can see which websites you visit (e.g. facebook or google), but not what you do on these websites. For example, he can see that you're browsing Google, but he couldn't see what you're actually searching. He also would not be able read your passwords or any other data you enter or receive there. Note: If one of the websites you click in Google results uses http, he would be able to see everything you do with the website as mentioned above.
Programs that you install on your computer, e.g. Microsoft Word or Dropbox that access the Internet will usually also use encrypted connections, like https. However, there isn't a simple way to ensure that they do. Again, reputable programs will use encryption, and then all he could tell is as outlined above.

If your browser suddenly warns you about an "unstrusted connection" or "invalid certificates", you should be careful about visiting sensitive pages or entering sensitive data (i.e. passwords). This is because those two warnings might indicate that someone is trying to tamper with your connection to the Internet in order to steal your data.

Sharing wifi ,browsing


send non-delivery notification

Question: I am fairly sure MobileMe (and possibly Mail.App) had a feature which allowed you to send a non-delivery notification for an email. This is possibly the best way to battle spam, however I can not find this feature anywhere now. Has it been removed or is it hidden somewhere else?
Comment: It was called bounce. They eliminated it in Lion.
Answer: This page suggests that the feature exists in Mail under Lion. The feature, however, does not appear to exist, either as a toolbar option, nor as a Message menu command, nor as a context menu command, nor as an item in the Help file for Mail. The aforelinked document says "Lion" in its title, but refers to Mail 4.0; the Mail program under Lion is Mail 5.1.

This may or may not have anything to do with Apple's acknowledgement that bounce does not always dissuade spammers.

send non-delivery notification


How can I find history of ingress portal?

Question: How to find the history of an ingress portal, such as a new rename or whether the portal name has changed?
Answer: There is no way to do that.
The only way you can tell if a portal name has been changed is only when you've changed it yourself or if you're familiar enough with the portal to remember its name.
Same for the original location of a portal if it has been moved - there is no way of checking that history.
Answer: Officially, no. The intel map only shows the current state of a portal.
Unofficially, yes. But be warned that the community developed tools to do so are not public and are possibly in violation of the Ingress ToS and Community Guidelines. Search them out and use them at your own risk.


Sansevieria laurentii snake plant

Question: My plant is not growing straight up. It seems to spreading. I know these type of plants grown straight up and tall. What could be the cause of this? I water once a week. Its near a bright window. I use soil and perlite.
Answer: It is just filling up the space with babies. Once that is done, it will start going up. Use a diluted liquid houseplant fertilizer monthly. Looks great!

Sansevieria laurentii snake plant


tmux bottom status bar color change

Question: I recently started to use tmux and like it much, but its green bottom bar is a bit distracting, is there a way to change its color? or a way to hide it?
Answer: There are many options given in the manual. (See the OPTIONS section.) Create an RC file: ~/.tmux.conf. The content below enables UTF-8, sets the right TERM type, and draws the status bar with a black background and white foreground.
set status-utf8 on
set utf8 on

set -g default-terminal "screen-256color"

set -g status-bg black
set -g status-fg white

In FreeBSD 10.1, I had to add -g to the UTF directives.
set -g status-utf8 on
set -g utf8 on

On UTF-8, many SSH clients require one to explicitly define a character set to use. For example, in Putty, select Window -> Translation -> Remote character set: UTF-8 and select Use Unicode line drawing code points.
To turn off the status bar:
set -g status off

On colors from the manual:

message-bg colour

Set status line message background colour, where colour is one of: black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, white, colour0 to colour255 from the 256-colour palette, or default.

So, to list the available colors, first create a script, maybe colors.sh:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
for i in {0..255} ; do
    printf "\x1b[38;5;%smcolour%s\n" "${i}" "${i}"
done

Next, execute the script, piping to less:
colors.sh | less -r

This produces a list of colors, 1-255, in this format:
colour1
[...]
colour255

Pick a color from the list, perhaps colour240, a shade of grey. In ~/.tmux.conf, use this value to set the desired color:
set -g status-bg colour240

In Fedora 17, 256-color terminals are not enabled by default. The official method used to enable 256-color terminals by default is given on the Fedora Project Wiki. Follow that guide, or, as a per-user solution, create an alias for tmux to force 256-color support with the "-2" switch.
alias tmux="tmux -2"

Then start tmux to test it.
Note that, as @ILMostro_7 points out, it would not be correct to set the TERM type for tmux from, for example, ~/.bashrc. Each tmux pane emulates a terminal - not the same thing as an xterm. The emulation in tmux needs to match "screen," a different terminal description, to behave properly; but, the real terminal does not need to do so. Its description is xterm-256color.
Comment: To set bg-color to transparent: `set -g status-bg default`
Comment: Here's the color map: https://github.com/guns/xterm-color-table.vim/blob/master/README.markdown

Example: color260 is orange.

In Tmux, hit Control-b, then `:set -g status-bg colour260`.  (Tmux uses international "colour" vs American "color.")  Also note that Tmux has history, to update the color do Control-b, then `:` to enter command mode, and hit up arrow to edit the last set color command.
Comment: This works fine for Ubuntu, But I Fedora 17 when I set fg color to Gray it says "bad color".
Comment: I used official method from Fedora wiki, and every time I tried to login, returned this error messages:  -bash: $'\r': command not found
-bash: $'\r': command not found
-bash: $'\r': command not found
-bash: /etc/profile.d/256colors.sh: line 13: syntax error near unexpected token `$'in\r''
'bash: /etc/profile.d/256colors.sh: line 13: `  case "$TERM" in   .Also I used the other two method, I run with no error but did not do anything!
Comment: might be a better solution to use `xterm-256color` instead of `screen-256color` for the `TERM` environment variable.
Comment: @ILMostro_7 That's a good catch. Thank you, and I have updated the answer to exclude setting the TERM type for `tmux` from `~/.bashrc`.
Comment: I like black on dark orange `colour166`
Comment: I have done this but still it keep showing `green` background
Answer: For me it's

Ctrl+B
then enter
:set status-style "bg=red"

Comment: This solution worked for me on my mac with os 10.10.5
Comment: @ReinaAbolofia Great! =D
Answer: You can make the status bar transparent. Put this into your ~/.tmux.conf.
set -g status-style bg=default

Comment: Works on macOS. Also the cleanest / simplest of the available solution. And looks good too.
Answer: If you are changing status-style and it is not applying, take a look at other places in your config, as you might be overriding it somehow.
I had status-left and status-right with custom fg colors, so status-style fg wouldn't apply. Took me a while to find out.

tmux bottom status bar color change


How long have Jewish Converts been adding "V'Sarah" to their Hebrew names? Is this Proper? Expected?

Question: At Shul I notice that some converts have names such as "Yoseph Ben Avraham V'Sarah" and some have just "Yoseph Ben Avraham". Are both correct? Is this something new (ish)?
Comment: Does this Shul use mothers' names for any other people?
Comment: Is this shul an Orthodox one?
Comment: I have never heard of concerts being called up with v'Sarah, though I have heard ben Avraham Avinu.
Comment: I've never noticed, but I imagine you would also use ben/bat Sarah to daven for them if they're sick.   And in the yehi ratzon before taking out the Sefer Torah on the shalosh regalim.
Comment: I'm pretty sure I've heard "v'Sarah Imanu" during a Mishebairach on a sick convert at my Orthodox shul.
Comment: Spoke to my Rabbi about this today. His answer: Yes its a new thing and is growing in frequency, more among the more progressive movements ( as Old Bunny pointed out), but less among Orthodox.

Yes, it is acceptable and even proper for a Mishebairach, as Mike and Heshy suggested.

No, it is never required to be used when receiving an aliyah, even if someone has v'Sarah as part of their full converted name on their certificate.
Comment: At least in my synagogue (Reform), it would be extremely unlikely for this not to be used.
Answer: Reform Judaism holds egalitarianism as a core value and calls everybody by both father's and mother's names (if both parents are Jewish).  Converts are Ploni ben Avraham v'Sarah, but it doesn't stand out because everybody gets a matronymic.  I've heard people talk about "Avraham Avinu v'Sarah Imeinu" but I have never seen somebody be called that.
Conservative congregations, in my experience, often use both names, but there are some that only use the father's name.  (My Conservative weekday minyan recently merged into another, and in the process the default naming pattern changed.)  Again, converts are no different from anybody else in this regard.
How long have they been doing it?  I understand (anecdotally) that Reform has been using both parents' names since the 1960s or 1970s.  I don't know about Conservative.
I don't have extensive Orthodox experience, but I don't think I've ever heard somebody called by both the father's and mother's name.  This might happen in egalitarian or "partnership" minyanim; I've been to those a few times but can't recall what their naming practices were.
All of what I've said is for aliyot or other cases where you use a person's "usual" Hebrew name.  A mi sheberach for healing uses the mother's name, universally in my experience.  (I don't think I've heard both parents' names in this context in egalitarian congregations, even though you might expect that.)
Comment: Also what about the Yehi Ratzon on Yom Tov which alludes to אני עבדך בן אמתך?
Comment: @Yishai good point; you'd expect that but, now that I think about it, that's not what I've heard.  Probably somebody does it and I just haven't encountered it.
Comment: @Heshy sorry, I don't know.
Comment: That bit about Reform practice from the 60s or 70s I'd venture to say is only anecdotal. From my experience, it wasn't the case. All in all, tldr; it is indeed "something new(ish)".
Comment: @Oliver yes, anecdotal.  I wasn't there; I heard this from somebody who grew up in that time period, but it's unlikely to have changed everywhere at once.  But when we're talking about Jewish tradition, probably anything in the last hundred years or so counts as "newish". :-)


What's the meaning of the crayon painting that appear in End Of Evangelion?

Question: What's the meaning of the crayon painting picture just after Shinji choke Asuka ? The picture below is some of the crayon-painting in The End Of Evangelion:
Unknown Guy

A boy inside a house?

Wth is that ?

Boy and woman ?

A bucket of fish

Dog Corpse

A Murder Case
Comment: the last time i recall this was in the original series and the reason i read was that the studio ran out of money. but i don't think it's the case here
Answer: I think the general consensus is that it's up to your own interpretation. They are a mix of actual children's drawings and some that were made to look like children's drawings but were actually created by the staff (e.g. the gutted dog and the bucket of fish).
There is commentary that's part of the "Eva Tomo no Kai" (Eva Fan Club) newsletters that supposedly mention that these drawings were created by children who went through abuse/traumatic experiences and were drawn as part of some sort of therapy. I can't provide the actual source or the scan, though, so take that tidbit with a grain of salt. UPDATE: Twitter user verified that this is a false rumor
So it's possible that the sequence alludes to that of a child (or children, as in the Evangelion pilots) who went through traumatic experiences (piloting, fighting, general psychological struggles from the events of the series) and attempting to cope with them. Sort of like the idea behind the therapy children's drawings.
Comment: Update: It looks like this person on twitter has roughly gone through the 14 volumes of the Eva Newsletter and couldn't find the source about the drawings created by children who went through traumatic experiences. So that tidbit is a false rumor: https://twitter.com/htGOIW/status/1453247436634349578
Comment: Related to this question [What is the difference between the ending in the anime and in The End of Evangelion?](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/20558/what-is-the-difference-between-the-ending-in-the-anime-and-in-the-end-of-evangel)

?
Answer: As an art therapist and psychologist-in-training, I can tell you, that yes, the pictures that were actually drawn by children (the "real" pictures) could likely be a part of art therapy and reveal psychologically-damaging/traumatizing people or events. However, these drawings would usually be kept confidential when drawn within therapy sessions, so it is irregular that they would just be picked up by Anno and added into the movie out of the blue. . .
Comment: Agreed. It's more likely that Eva's staff looked for children's drawings that were similar to or looked like they could have been used in art therapy, but the story changed in the telling.
Answer: I personally think that the unknown guy is actually Asuka crying in one specific frame, The angle of the nose makes me think about how closely related the two pictures are. The boy inside the house I think is Asuka's mother after Asuka comes in and sees her hanged, I think that all of these pictures relate to Asuka's past, or things she sees in her everyday life. The boy and woman looks like the Geofront and the spear of longinus.