Why does marijuana cause anxiety?

Question: Marijuana is getting increasingly used in medical settings. However, one of its disadvantages is anxiety. Does anyone know the reason behind the anxiety? Is it from the marijuana itself, or does it result secondarily due the effects of the marijuana, because, e.g. the user is not comfortable with the effects?
Comment: What is the evidence that anxiety is a result of marijuana use?
Comment: Really? Anxiety? Is that true for most people? My extremely intelligent roommate appeared much more mellow when he smoked everyday. (I rarely did it because it made my hypersomnia much worse.) The stereotype of the stoner does not suggest anxiety. Or, are you referring to medical marijuana and people using it for that reason.
Comment: SWIM, and some of SWIM's friends experience anxiety from marijuana, and moreso, experience anxiety as a withdrawal symptom from marijuana. there are plenty of other factors at play, but, from observation, (at the very least) marijuana seems to exacerbate anxiety in some people
Answer: Cannabis can cause an acute and short-lasting episode of anxiety, which often resembles a state of panic. When taken in high doses these effects can be intense and turn into attacks of panic and phobia. About 20–30% of users show brief acute anxiety reactions after smoking the drug. These symptoms tend to occur more in drug-naive subjects and in novel or stressful environments. In contrast, long-term users typically report that cannabis reduces their anxiety (Crippa et al, 2009).
Anxiety is also one of the main manifestations of the cannabis withdrawal syndrome. Its onset is typically between the second and sixth day and lasts from 4 to 14 days.
The main active psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), affects serotonergic, noradrenergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission, but there is relatively little known about how it exactly induces anxiety. One of the reasons being that the psychotic effects of cannabis consumption has received way more attention, likely because it is a more severe side effect than the anxiety symptoms. Cannabidiol has been associated with an anxiolytic effect, perhaps through its effects on 5HT1A receptors (Crippa et al, 2009).
It has been shown that the amount of anxiety also depends on the genetic make-up of the user (Otten et al., 2016).
Acute intoxication could also lead to anxiety secondary to impaired cognitive functioning and the clouding of consciousness (Crippa et al, 2009), as mentioned in the question by the OP.
References
- Crippa et al., Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp (2009); 24: 515–23
- Otten et al., Addict Biol (2016); [Epub ahead of print]
Comment: Nice answer! +1 but couldn't you also mention that anandamide which is an endocannabinoid, changes the consciousness of the consumer, because the endocannabinoids function as neuromodulators, which can suppress the release of the neurotransmitter GABA in the hippocampus, and therefore might be responsible for changes in the perception?
Comment: @JordiZambrino - Thanks!! As for your suggestion- the question is on anxiety, so I have not included it's other effects here.

Why does marijuana cause anxiety?


What does this long sentence mean?

Question: What is the purpose of colon ":" in this sentence "everyone: and reason"?
"The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that, being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions."
Comment: It's just a bit of a pause, short of a full stop, to let the preceding sink in, before continuing the thought. Not sure you should read much more into it than that.
Answer: The sentence you're asking about appears to be from an 18th-century document, and conforms to 18th-century practices, such as using a colon to nearly but not quite end a sentence; and using lots of commas where we would not these days--not to mention what we would consider a rather convoluted word order.  I would render the sentence in more modern prose as something like this:
"[The state of] Nature is governed by a law which applies to everyone.  That law is Reason, which teaches all mankind--or at least all of mankind that trouble themselves to consult it--that, since all members of mankind are equal and independent, no one should harm another's life, health, liberty, or property."
My version reads more like late-19th or early- to mid-20th century prose.  I present it as an example, not as anything definitive.  Note that I replaced the colon after "everyone" with a period/full stop, and replaced the commas before and after "who will but consult it" with dashes.

What does this long sentence mean?


What is the length of the escape rope in the cockpit? specifically A330-300 (If possible)

Question: I understand you could measure from height of the cockpit window, but is there any official dimensions stated anywhere such as FCOM or FCTM documents?
Comment: Do they suppy gloves as well for rope burn?
Comment: @securitydude5 If you are escaping the cockpit of a burning aircraft I'd be grateful for the rope instead of the broken legs, burned hands would be the least of my concerns... I doubt that this info is in the FCOM or FCTM. This may be in a maintenance manual somewhere or specified with a part number (ex: 00001ABC 6M Escape Rope). I'm not even sure that this would appear on a MEL.
Comment: @RonBeyer I agree with you fully but for heavier guys, I doubt there'd be skin left on their hands by th time they get down they might even let go mid way and break their legs from the pain&as for the ladies, I do fear for them however thieir size.  Doesn't have to gloves with 5 fingers cause wearing those may take time, it could be a square or rectangular material designed for that purpose, so easily accessible that if you have time to let down the rope, you should have time to pick it up.
Comment: It could be the bag the rope is kept in or incorporated into the rope, always at the top end of the rope.  The FCC should consider making it compulsory.  Engineers could come up with a better design rope tha incorporates safety, even the risk of falling of and braking many bones because some people may not have the strength or master the skill of dis embarking off a rope worse still under threat of a fire.  Consider over 55 pilots flying a boeing 747 or an Airbus A380
Comment: To be on the safe side, it's always best to bring your own rope.
Answer: For the A320, this can be found in the CCOM (Cabin Crew Operation Manual)...

So the A320 is a 5.5 meter (17.04 foot) knotted rope stored above the side cockpit windows. There are 2 ropes in the cockpit (one on each side).
I can't find the CCOM for the A330 but it should be a similar size.
Answer: (From A330 CCOM) The length of the rope is 6.7 M. The maximum load is 181 Kg (400lb).
Comment: The length makes sense, but do you know why the A320's rope can support 900kg (see Ron Beyer's answer), but the A330's only 181kg?


What can one come to know about a mineral just by knowing name

Question: I have been busy learning the components of various minerals for upcoming test....is there any way to predict the components or properties of a mineral just by knowing it's name?
Eg: albite,augite, labradorite,biotite,anorthite
Answer: It depends, most of the mineral names we use are derived from old Greek names that were basically comments on the appearance or behaviour of the materials so Galena means literally Lead Ore, which it is, Cassiterite is an ancient word for tin, which it is still be main ore of up to the modern day. On the other hand Pyrite means on fire due to its ancient use as a spark source and Hematite simply means blood and is a comment on the colour of certain European deposits. So if you brush up on your Greek you can tell some things about some minerals but others will remain quite opaque.
Answer: No. The names are all over the place. Some are historic. Some are named after locations. Others are named after people. And although they might be standardised, the original words are often from different languages.
Sometimes the names do describe properties - graphite (used for writing), olivine (usually an olive colour), magnetite (is magnetic), etc.
Comment: Then I guess I have to memorize these names


Is a birth certificate enough for a Nexus child application?

Question: With a Nexus application, is a birth certificate enough for identification or do they require a photo ID/passport?
Answer: It is strongly implied that a birth certificate is sufficient:

Children under 18
  When both parents have legal custody, and only one parent or legal guardian
  is present, a letter of consent is required from the absent parent.
If a parent has sole custody, or if only one parent is recorded on the minor's birth certificate, a consent letter is not required.
If the parents or legal guardian have a custody agreement, it must be provided. The custody agreement must confirm that the child can legally leave Canada.
If a child attends the interview with a person other than their parent or legal guardian, both parents or legal guardians must submit letter(s) of consent in addition to the other requirements.
Minors can be enrolled in the NEXUS program even if their parents or legal guardians are not members.

Specific document requirements can be found here; click on "Step 2 - Gather Documents" for full details:

The following documents are accepted as proof of Canadian or U.S.
  citizenship/admissibility and permanent residency:
Canadian or U.S. citizen
In Canada a valid passport; a birth
  certificate and photo ID; a Canadian citizenship certificate or card;
  or a Certificate of Indian Status.
In the United States a valid
  passport; a birth certificate and photo ID; a U.S. citizenship
  certificate; a certificate of naturalization; or a border crossing
  card.
Canadian or U.S. permanent resident
  In Canada a valid Permanent
  Resident Card; or a Record of Landing. In the United States a valid
  Permanent Resident Card Working or studying in Canada or the United
  States a work permit; or a study permit.
Comment: How do you know the OP is Canadian?
Comment: @CGCampbell The reciprocal requirements from the US are parallel.
Comment: @JimMacKenzie The question is whether they're North American citizens or permanent resident non-North Americans.
Comment: @Coke That might be an academic question.  If they're foreign permanent residents, they would have arrived with passports, or been born in Canada or the US in which case they are citizens of the country in question.
Comment: https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/prog/nexus/application-demande-eng.html The "Gather Documents" section outlines the precise requirements for US citizens, Canadian citizens, and eligible foreign citizens, which I'll also integrate into my answer.


My Minecraft Folder not showing up on macOS

Question: I'm trying to access my Minecraft folder to install a resource pack, however the folder doesn't seem to exist. I've looked in "Application Support" and it's not there. I've tried executing commands in terminal to show hidden files. I've tried typing in "~/Library/Application Support/minecraft" in the search bar and the folder does show up, however when I click on it finder crashes and displays the message "The Application Finder is not open anymore".
Comment: Have you tried clicking the button in the game's menu to show the folder of a selected world?
Answer: On recent versions of Minecraft Java, you can click "Open Resource Pack Folder" on Options > Resource Packs... as a way to open your Minecraft folder.
This is applicable on Windows, macOS and Linux.
Comment: When I click the button absolutely nothing happens... I assume my computer is having trouble locating the folder for some reason?


Launchctl error on mac os

Question: I have a script to be started at boot. Script was loaded into lauchd using launchctl load ...
Error I have in the logs:
Apr 17 14:02:07 win com.apple.launchd.peruser.502[158] (my.script[184]): Exited with exit code: 1

That script needs root privs to be able to function, and from what I read on interweb launchd gives root at the time of launch. Starting script after boot up manually works 100%
It exits with code 1, how do I find more info what exactly is wrong?
Comment: Did you write that script yourself? If so, please post it.
Answer: launchd will run launch jobs in your personal folder using your own user privileges. It's only root in /Library/ and /System/Library.
See this related question.

Launchctl error on mac os


Clip RGB composite raster by shapefile: the process takes a very long time

Question: RGB-composite raster (6,27 MB, derived from Landsat-8 band images) is clipped by a shapefile (Toolbox - Data management tools - Raster - Raster processing). It takes too long time (foreground processing shows 4% and it goes on at least 1 hour). ArcGIS 10.5.1, RAM 4 GB, Windows 7 x64. How to solve this problem?
Comment: What is the resolution for the output file and how complex is your shapefile?
Comment: Spatial resolution should be the same, as in the input raster (30 meters). Shapefile contains a single polygon. Actually, I was mistaken with the size of RGB-composite raster: it's 240 MB, not 6,27.
Comment: does your shapefile have a lot of nodes? Technically there is no reason that this takes so long. Have you tried to clip your Raster using GDAL?
Answer: You might try an Extract by mask, to check if it works better
Comment: "Extract by mask" in Spatial Analyst tools - Extraction... works! Thank you very much!


Show Open vs Done statistics in YouTrack with custom Workflow States

Question: I'm experimenting with YouTrack 6.5 and I want to output bi-directional Reported vs. Resolved diagram like in Youtrack Help Pages.
When I try to plot the diagram I can see reported tickets but completed tickets are missing.
As far as I understand, tickets states should have particular values like New, Resolved, or Reopen. But what if tickets have other possible values: (Open, Done) instead of (New and Resolved) in our working process?
Is there a way to map these states?
Answer: Please check that State values that are supposed to be resolved (Done and others) are marked as Resolved (Project -> target project -> Edit -> Fields -> State -> Done, check Resolved option).
Comment: Does YouTrack counts number of Resolved issues each time when State changes to status with `Resolved` option or it counts number of completed issues at the moment of plot calculation?
Thank you!
Comment: Sorry for the delay. The report shows the number of issues of each state (Resolved or New/Reopned) for each day/week/month/year.
For example, on June 5th there were 10 resolved issues and 5 new. On June 6th there were 5 resolved and 5 new.


Experimental evidence for 3 generations of quark?

Question: I know that looking at the invisible decay width of the $Z$-boson at the LEP collider at CERN leads to the evidence of the existence of three (light) lepton generations but I can't find any information on the experimental evidence for 3 quark generations. Thus: what experimental evidence suggests the existence of three quark generations?
Comment: Check Griffiths, Introduction to fundamental particles. In the historical part I think you'll find what you want. And a quick answer: u and d are obvious, c, s comes from J/Psi particle experiment I think? Can't recall how b and t were found.
Comment: [Wikipedia's page on the Quark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark) gives a history section that should lead you to what you want.  I don't think a short answer can be provided given that it required some forty years of experiment and theory to build the model.
Comment: @StephenG From what I can tell, the history page only contains info on how each quark was found. This is not what I am after. I am looking for experimental evidence that there are *only* three quark generations (i.e. no more)
Comment: I'd suggest you modify the question and title to reflect that.  [This page](http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/qevid.html#c1) might be what you're looking for.
Answer: The data that provides direct measurement of the charges of high-mass quarks also exhibits the existence of those heavier states. By comparing the cross sections for
$$ e^+ + e^- \longrightarrow \mu^+ + \mu^-$$
with that for
$$ e^+ + e^- \longrightarrow q + \bar{q} \longrightarrow \text{hadrons} $$
we get a fairly direct measurement of
$$ \sum_\text{accessible quark masses} q^2_\text{quark} \;.$$

All by itself that's pretty strong evidence, but when combined with the
group structure of the hadronic n-tuplets it's about as close to iron clad as evidence comes in the particle physics world.
Answer: This link explains the experimental discovery of each quark.
Here is the rational for three generations

One of the definitive experiments which supports the quark model is the high energy annihilation of electrons and positrons. The annihilation can produce muon-antimuon pairs or quark-antiquark pairs which in turn produce hadrons. The hadron events are evidence of quark production. The ratio of the number of hadron events to the number of muon events gives a measure of the number of "colors" of the quarks, and the evidence points to five quarks with three colors. With the more recent evidence for the top quark, these experiments provide support for the standard model of six quarks with three colors.

Experimenters were not giving up that maybe a fourth generation of quarks and leptons exists, though by now it can be excluded at five sigma:

According to the results of the statistical analysis by researchers from CERN, and Humboldt University of Berlin, the existence of further fermions can be excluded with a probability of 99.99999% (5.3 sigma). The researchers combined latest data collected by the particle accelerators LHC and Tevatron with many known measurements results relating to particles, such as the Z-boson or the top-quark. The most important data used for this analysis come from the discovery of the Higgs particle. In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle gives all other particles their mass. As additional fermions were not detected directly in accelerator experiments, they have to be heavier than the fermions known so far. Hence, these fermions would also interact with the Higgs particle more strongly. This interaction would have modified the properties of the Higgs particle such that this particle would not have been detected


Conan story with poisoned chest

Question: I'm trying to remember a Conan story where an antagonist is killed when he opens a treasure chest trapped with a poisoned fang or tooth In the chest's decorations. I'm wondering if it's not the inspiration for the classic poison needle trap in D&D and countless similar games, and would like to reread the story to compare it to the genre convention.
Answer: I remembered! It is The Hour of the Dragon by REH (of course).
Here is the passage I wanted to reread:

Along the rim of the lid seven skulls were carved among intertwining branches of strange trees. An inlaid dragon writhed its way across the top of the lid, amid ornate arabesques. Valbroso pressed the skulls in rumbling haste, and as he jammed his thumb down on the carved head of the dragon he swore sharply and snatched his hand away, shaking it in irritation.
"A sharp point on the carvings," he snarled. "I've pricked my thumb."
He pressed the gold ball clutched in the dragon's talons, and the lid flew abruptly open.
...
"The dragon's fang!" shrieked Zorathus. "Steeped in the venom of the black Stygian scorpion! Fool, fool to open the box of Zorathus with your naked hand! Death! You are a dead man now!"
Comment: Without having read the source material, I can't help but imagine Zorathus spends all his free time crouched in a room with his box, just so he can yell at people who poison themselves trying to open it.

Conan story with poisoned chest


Sakura dragon chances?

Question: I'm level 22 and I bred 11 level flower/tree poison/earth and got 2 lava, 4 flover, 4 tree, 3 mud, 4 poison. Where is my Sakura? How is it I haven't got a single one? I remember why I stoped playing for almost 6 months, a while back I bred every recomended combination for rainbow ans sun and moon and got everything but... Though others got 4-5 breeding The same. Please advice me what is it that Im doing wrong?
Comment: Hello and welcome to StackExchange Gaming. Your question feels strongly like "a rant disguised as a question" and as per the [FAQ](http://gaming.stackexchange.com/faq#dontask) should be avoided. I recommend revising your question to include only relevant on-topic information, but as it at least addresses an "answerable" problem and isn't explicitly asking for opinions, I'll leave it at that.
Comment: Dragonvale breeding is and has always been random. This question seems very similar to [other questions about breeding specific dragons in dragonvale](http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/63750/dragonvale-anyway-to-increase-chance-to-breed-rare-dragon/63762#63762). Also, the how to portion of this question has already been answered [here](http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/63276/how-do-i-breed-a-sakura-dragon).
Answer: Your chances are about 10-20% For Flower/Tree according to the wiki and the database. Other combinations seem not to work terribly well aside from clover/flower which seems somewhat promising.
If you don't have a Sakura, then it is nowhere as no such thing as your Sakura even exists.
You haven't gotten a single one likely due to poor luck. You were unclear how many of which of those 2 combinations you tried, but as I said, Flower/Tree seems the more successful. Dragonvale breeding is random. Even with a 99% chance of success, it is possible however unlikely to fail 1 million times and you are not guaranteed of anything.
Rainbow and Sun/Moon have much lower chances (something like 3% maybe as per the other question) so your tale is not uncommon. It's still random so others getting more of them through better luck means nothing to your situation.
There's not really much advice to give on what you are doing wrong as there's nothing wrong being done. The only advice to give when trying to beat a pseudo-random number generator is to keep trying. It's unclear whether the epic breeding island will help, but it might be worth a shot to increase your chances. You could try other combinations though and the ones listed on the database include some information about your chances, but most of the combinations other than Flower/Tree lack enough data to be reliable so try at your own peril.
Comment: You have a 13% chance of sakura dragon if you breed (Tree/Flower).
Answer: Before my generic answer about your odds of success, I do want to point out something very important about Sakura.  Tree + Flower is the only combination!  The tricky devils at Backflip originally allowed any combination of Fire, Earth, and Plant, but that was changed in late 2012.  If you are breeding with another combination, unfortunately, you are wasting you time.

During the late 2012 re-release of limited dragons, testing again indicated that Tree & Flower dragons are required to breed the Sakura Dragon.

As skovacs1 pointed out, there is no guarantee of breeding any dragon, so bad luck can always be involved.  It is a common misconception, called the Gambler's Fallacy, that after doing something involving chance X number of times that your odds will be better on attempt X + 1.  That is not actually the case.  If you've failed X times, those attempts are over and the results are known.  Your future chances get no better (or worse), so if you've had a 10% chance the whole time, then each attempt has a 10% chance no matter how many attempts you make.
Using the Breeding Sandbox combo finder, we see their prediction is a 10% chance, with an average fail time of 7.94 hours.  That means, if you have average luck, and you started now, and you were available to cycle dragons and start new breeding the instant they finished, it should take around 79.4 hours to get one Sakura.
7.94 hours/attempt / 10% chance of success/attempt = 79.4 hours/success = ~ 3.3 days
Naturally, if you are using the breeding cave and the EBI you can cut that in half.  Good Luck!

Sakura dragon chances?


Ender 3 Pro prints leaning

Question: Hello 3D printing experts...I am stuck on my 1st print not coming out right.  After two prints, I finally got the X axis belt tight enough to print the test pig and it came out quite well.  I tried to print a filter holder for a PPE mask (makethemasks dot com) - the prints keep leaning and I can't seem to get this filter holder printed.  I have adjusted the eSteps in various increments, still leaning.  I have made belt adjustments too.  I have emailed Creality as well since I have heard that their support might assist as well.  I was so excited when the pig finally printed properly and now I am struggling to get even once mask filter holder printed after hours of tinkering and reprinting.  I have also tried to print the ear saver (show as a long mass in the lower left corner of the photo), the base stuck to the item and I could not get it loose, it just fused together.  sigh.  I know 3D printing is supposed to be a fun hobby, but I am sure getting off to a rocky start.  I want to print PPE masks and be helpful to my community by donating to hospitals.  I hope one of the settings recommendations help.  I tried to research adjusting the jerk and acceleration settings.  Not sure what to set those to with the Ender 3 Pro.
Comment: Welsome to 3DPrinting.SE! To dial your printer in, you usually start by printing calibration prints, e.g. [calibration cubes](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1278865). It is difficult for others to comment on the printer if the basic working of the printer is not okay. Furthermore, what is the image trying to explain with the numbers? For us it is a guess how the square filter holders are oriented onto the build plate (e.g. Y from bottom to top and X from left to right?).
Comment: Along with what @0scar is stating, if you are using the gcode directly from the site, you might see if you can get the STL file and re-slice it using Cura (or one of the other slicers) which would be setup for your printer. If using pre-sliced gcode, the file itself may not be providing you exactly what you need and is what is causing the issues.
Comment: Without more information, this question cannot be answered. Please explain what the numbers are, what the orientation of the prints in the build surface was and what kind of basic settings you used to slice the models e.g. temperatures, speeds, see [this question](https://3dprinting.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/395/helpful-templates-help-us-help-you).
Comment: Steps-per-mm doesn't need to be adjusted, ever, unless you've made changes to the relevant mechanical parts. The values are determined by mechanical ratios. Extrusion amount will vary a bit by material because of compression of the material in the gear, but this is not a good reason to adjust esteps; just adjust flow % per material.
Comment: How did you print the mask inserts? Upright or flat (like laying now on the paper)?
Answer: This looks a lot like layer shifting, both gradual and sudden.  This is frequently caused by excessive friction on one axis, the one along which the print is leaning.  You mentioned tightening the X-axis; if these are leaning along the X axis, chances are good the belt is too tight and causing something (either the belt or the toothed gear it is attached to) to rub against something else (the frame, the v-slot extrusion, the motor itself in the case of the belt gear).
Both the X and Y axes should be fairly easy to move by hand with the power off.  Feel for any points where that isn't true.

Ender 3 Pro prints leaning


Google tag assistant reports: "Same web property ID is tracked twice"when trying to install google analytics code

Question: I was trying to install google analytics code into our google tag manager at first I installed the GTM and add a tag which I grabbed from tracking ID and after all that it doesn't seem to appear an analytical dashboard on my account, I was wondering how do I fix this error on Google tag assistant and also to have the dashboard appear. thank you so much.
Answer: it seems you might have added analytics code in website and then also added it in tag manager, remove the code/ analytics id from website, and then use tag assistant after adding code to tag manager to track properly

Google tag assistant reports: “Same web property ID is tracked twice”when trying to install google analytics code


Advantages of attending a conference

Question: I am a co-author in a paper. How can attending a conference be beneficial to career and resume since I am not sure whether to attend it.
Answer: Unless you are presenting a paper at a conference, there isn't much advantage for your résumé. From a professional and educational perspective, however, conferences can be very informative, for the reasons Peter outlines.
I would go a little bit further than Peter, however, and recommend that, if possible, you try to attend multiple conferences per year, particularly if you are relatively early on in your career. At least one should be a relatively large meeting, where you can make many contacts in your general field; and one, if possible, should be a smaller meeting or workshop, where you can interact with your peers in your specific field. That way, you get the benefits of learning about the overall field—which is important for networking and job-finding, as well as the close-up exposure to work related to your own.
Answer: Since conferences are the places where new science results are typically first presented, going to conerences can be very rewarding. You will most likely get an overview of the area within which the conference lies. You will meet and hear many researchers you may only have heard about or read. You also have the opportunity to network and find others that are working on similar or related topics. So there are several reasons for going and if you intend to stay in academia you should make it a habit to attend at least one per year (depending on costs and travel etc.)
Answer: Conferences provide opportunities to learn about the latest research in your field. Additionally, conferences also help in networking. Networking often increases your chances of collaboration in future projects. You should attend as many conferences as possible as this will make you a known figure in academic circles. It will also be beneficial for your CV as it will create the impression that you are an active member of the academic community.

Advantages of attending a conference


Pay later for Membership - How does the membership get entered?

Question: Civi v4.6.2 When entering a membership via the online contribution and using the Pay Later option I notice the membership does not get created.  Does an admin type person have to manually enter the membership?
Answer: The membership is created when the payment is (manually) entered.
Comment: Jon - what do you think of my answer below?
Answer: The Membership record is created at the outset along with the Contribution record, but is set to Pending/Inactive. You should be able to replicate this with the following steps on Demo.
http://d46.demo.civicrm.org/civicrm/admin/contribute/amount?reset=1&action=update&id=2 and tick Pay Later (and add Pay Later instructions) so it is an option on the form.
Go to this contribution form logged out. http://d46.demo.civicrm.org/civicrm/contribute/transact?reset=1&id=2 and enter email and set to 'pay by cheque'. Complete process.
Logged in again find your contact that was just created (in my case http://d46.demo.civicrm.org/civicrm/contact/view?reset=1&cid=230)
Note that Membership tab says '0' and Contribution tab says '1' BUT click on Membership Tab and you will see the PENDING membership that is connected to the Contribution that is 'pending pay later'.
WHen money is received can then either complete the Contribution via the Contribution record, or via the Membership record (which opens up the Contribution record internally so to speak).
Once the Contribution is COMPLETED, the Pending Membership is then changed to Status = NEW, and Start/End date are created.
Hope that helps
NOTE: both Find Member and Member Dashboard do not show this pending membership at the top of the recent lists as they are sorted by date, and the pending membership has no date until payment is completed.
Answer: Find the relevant contact record, edit the contribution that was created by the Pay Later option, and mark the Contribution status as Completed.  The membership will then be created.


Not able go back to China with a B2 Tourist visa

Question: My relatives came to America from China (not Wuhan) in the middle of January, and they have a B2 tourist visa, meaning that they can only stay in the US for 6 months. They had planned to return at the end of the Chinese New Year holiday, but they are stuck here after their flight to China was canceled. Now, they have applied for many flights, but they were all canceled due to unforeseen circumstances. Their B2 tourist visa will expire soon, but they cannot leave. What should they do? Should they go to a court, or will this be automatically excused by the US?
Comment: This has been answered many times on [travel.se], e.g. [this](https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/155218/extend-tourist-visa-stay-in-usa-due-to-coronavirus-and-waive-i-539-fee)
Answer: They must apply for an extension of the visa: you can read about the UCIS covid-19 response here. The application must be "timely", so this should be done now. Even though the extension will probably be pending for some time, if the application is filed in a timely fashion, which puts off unlawful presence status. Also read about "Special circumstances".
Comment: Technically, they can only apply for an extension of *status*. US visas are only for entry and cannot be extended. The visa's expiration date has no bearing on how long one can stay in the US in any case. It's the status given on the I-94 that determines how long one can stay.


How can I view in-memory strings of a process on Linux (Ubuntu)?

Question: On Windows, I can use tools like Process Explorer and Process Hacker to view in-memory strings generated at runtime of a given process. How can I accomplish this same task on Ubuntu?
Answer: You can use gcore utility to generate the core dump which can be examined with gdb debugger (or strings utility) and should contain the full memory image.
Answer: Another way to read a process's memory in Linux isto read the psaudo-file /proc/<PID>/mem, which provides raw access to the memory space, as seen by the process, at offsets retrieved from /proc/<PID>/maps, which provides information about how the memory is laid out.


Running Magento 2's Provided Code Sniffs

Question: Magento 2 seems to include a set of PHP code sniffs in the source repository.  How can I, as a third party developer, use the phpcs tool to run these sniffs against my code?
Answer: It's the PhpCsFixer configuration file, not the code sniffer rules itself

Instead of using command line options to customize the rule, you can save the project configuration in a .php_cs.dist file in the root directory of your project. The file must return an instance of PhpCsFixer\ConfigInterface which lets you configure the rules, the files and directories that need to be analyzed.

Example of command:
php-cs-fixer fix --config=.php_cs.dist -v --dry-run --stop-on-violation --using-cache=no

This fixer can be added to the pre-commit hook as well.
Ruleset for the code sniffer is in the ruleset.xml
Comment: For anyone else that comes along -- php-cs-fixer is separate tool from phpcs and phpcbf
Answer: You can use a pre-commit hook to check the staged files, there is one in:
dev/tools/Magento/Tools/StaticReview/pre-commit

Instead, if you want to test a specific file you can run the phpcs executable inside vendor/bin like this:
path/to/magento/vendor/bin/phpcs filetotest.php

and you can fix eventual errors with:
path/to/magento/vendor/bin/phpcbf filetotest.php

Comment: Thank you fro responding -- but it's also unclear how you'd use run this pre-commit script against a PHP file?
Comment: @AlanStorm i've updated the answer
Answer: Sounds like you're asking to simply run the command all on your own. Try this. Remove --dry-run to have it automatically apply the fixes.
php /path/to/php-cs-fixer --dry-run --diff --verbose fix /path/to/your/code --config /path/to/magento/.php_cs


Why would the Camargue horses have a white coat while the foal have a dark coat?

Question: The current issue of the magazine Lonely Planet India(Oct 2013) presents a photo of Camargue Horses which are white coated and mentions that they are born with dark hair. A search shows that the foal are either black, grey or brown coated and gradually turn white around the Third/fourth year.
What could be the possible advantage of that kind of difference between the young and the adult?
Comment: I will have to do more research into the Camargue, but many animals have pigment changes over time just because they haven't developed the melanocytes to have adult coloration.  It simply isn't advantageous to spend energy on coloration when you're growing bone. And sometimes the melanocytes are hormonally stimulated. A possible behavioral selection could be something like "foals are not seen as mate competition until their color changes," and thus avoid competitive behavior of say a large alpha male.
Answer: Our own hair will also turn gray (indeed, yours seems to be on its way, if you don't mind me saying so) but there need not be an advantage to that; if it doesn't affect our ability to have successful children it probably doesn't matter much to evolution or selection.  When it comes to animals that interact with humans, though, many traits are selected for, even those without an advantage, in fact often we select for disadvantageous traits (if they were advantageous, we might not need to select for them in the first place).
As this 2008 paper from Nature Genetics goes into, the "graying with age [phenotype] is an autosomal dominant trait" overwhelmingly caused by "a 4.6-kb duplication in intron 6 of STX17 (syntaxin-17) that constitutes a cis-acting regulatory mutation".  To answer your question, though:

The Gray horse provides a notable example of how humans have cherry-picked mutations with favorable phenotypic effects in domestic animals... The prestige of riding a white horse has thus led to selection of the Gray-causing mutation by humans; this mutation is by far the most common cause of white color in horse.

This phenotype is actually often detrimental, as white/gray horses can have eye problems and higher rates of skin cancer; Camargue's are particularly susceptible to melanomas, present in around 70% of horses by age 15.  There does seem to be some benefit, though, as the second paper I linked suggests these horses are subject to fewer fly attacks.
EDIT: I seem to have been unclear and you seem to have misunderstood my answer.  Let me break it down:

Camargue horses are gray.
Gray color is a simple mendelian autosomal dominant phenotype caused by a loss of pigment in adulthood.
Gray color is generally bad but sometimes good; either way, it's probably not a huge detriment.
Camargue horses are homozygous for gray color.
Humans have in the past selected for gray color in horses in general.

That is an example of why something negative or pointless might persist, as would a dominant inheritance pattern that is fixed in a population: negative traits that are only weakly deleterious have a non-negligible chance of fixation.  Asking what the advantage is is somewhat of a moot question because every single Camargue horse has the trait; asking what caused a seemingly-negative phenotype to become fixed is a good question, but likely an unanswerable one as it occurred long ago.
As a side note, how long a breed has been in an area does not simply imply breed purity.  Here's a quote from the International Museum of the Horse:

Through the centuries many armies have passed by the Camargue, including the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. The horses brought with these armies influenced the Camargue over time. It has even been suggested that the Camargue has had some influence on the early breeds in Spain as armies took them back home.
Comment: Your answer is not acceptable. 1. The Camargue Horses are neither 'cherry-picked' or cross bred. Read these quoted lines from Wikipedia "The Camargue horse is an ancient breed of horse indigenous to the Camargue area in southern France. Its origins remain relatively unknown, although it is generally considered one of the oldest breeds of horses in the world".
Comment: 2. You are suggesting that the hair of the horse ages before the horse even before it reaches puberty?  There has to be a better explanation. It looks like you have cherrypicked the answers. Is it possible to get an answer from someone with some insight in this site?
Comment: @RamManoharM I expanded my answer, but I don't know where you find reason to accuse me of "cherry-picking" or find a mention of puberty.  I simply mentioned our own hair color as an example of seemingly-drastic changes that need not be selected for.
Comment: @RamManoharM  2 might not be to far off.  It's almost certainly related to the KIT gene (CD117, dealing with the SCF).  Early coloration being caused by in utero influences on the cells, but the later lack of coloration is cause by the failure of melanocyte migration.


Why can't I update the firmware on my Nikon Coolpix?

Question: I'm trying to update the firmware on a Nikon Coolpix B500.  I'm using a new memory card.  I have tried formatting the card in the camera first.  Then I put the downloaded folder on the card.  I've also tried just putting the .bin part on the card.  The camera does not ask whether we want to update or not. I've also erased the memory card and started over just putting the file on the card and then into the camera. Still doesn't ask if we want to update. I'm using a Mac. I've checked the card using disk utility, and it says it is a FAT file. Not sure what else to try. Any suggestions?
Comment: Have you tried using the camera's menu to tell it to update the firmware? Or are you naively expecting it to happen automatically when the camera is turned on with the card containing the correct file inserted?
Answer: According to the Nikon instructions, after putting the firmware folder (created when you installed the downloaded dmg file) onto the memory card and turned the camera on-

Select Firmware version in the Set up menu and follow the on-screen instructions to complete the firmware update.

You don't include this step in your description...
Comment: [This](https://crossgate.nikonimglib.com/dsd_redirect/redirect.do?P=9SYQu32&R=pQhGA47&L=cWq3c02&O=3eQZt00) is a more comprehensive 'howto' for upgrading your firmware...
Comment: This is different from many cameras where simply turning on the camera with the firmware binary on the card, so easily overlooked!
Answer: Apparently my Coolpix B500 version 1.1 firmware has the same hitch.  When I go to the firmware version menu pick all i get is the display of the version 1.1 with no other menu options. the reader needs to understand that we do not get any picks under firmware version menu only the version installed.  Other than the simple fact that the update does not conform to the instructions which halts any possible update it works perfectly.


Can I play basic attacks of an evolved Pokemon?

Question: If I have evolved a Pokemon by placing a Stage 1 or Stage 2 card on top of it, can I play attacks from the basic form?
Answer: There are a few ways to do that, but not normally.  The easiest in standard is Memory Energy:

This card provides Colorless Energy.
  The Pokémon this card is attached to can use any attack from its previous Evolutions. (You still need the necessary Energy to use each attack.)

Also, BREAK Pokémon do still have the attacks of their last evolution (so Raichu BREAK can use all of the attacks of whichever Raichu it evolved from, in addition to Grand Bolt).
However, the norm is that no, you may only use the attacks printed on the current Pokémon's card.
Answer: No, you can't. A Pokemon's available attacks are only those printed on the card; those in its basic form are effectively "forgotten" and cannot be used (unless the Pokemon devolves somehow).


What is the American measurement equivalent of 3см.л in Russian

Question: on a package of seasoning from Russia for Rice Pilaf, it suggests using 3см.л per 900 grams of rice. What would those measurements translate to in American measurements? I've seen translations for ct.L but not cm. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Comment: I'd guess it's 3 cubic centimeters which is a bit more than half a teaspoon (1 tsp = 5 C.C.s) I know nothing about Russian-specific markings, but I infer 3cm (whatever) probably means 3 cubic centimeters as a standard metric measurement unit.
Comment: a cubic centimeter would be abbreviated `см³`, or `куб. см`, not just `см`. Also, what would the `л` be then, after the unit? Russian is right-associative just like English, so the adjective comes before the noun.
Comment: 3см.л  OF WHAT per 900 grams. liquid, dry ?
Answer: I think this is a typo. The original is probably 3 ст. л, which means 3 tablespoons (an abbreviation for столовые ложки).
Note that, in Russian cursive handwriting, a т looks like a Latin small m, and can also, with the wrong amount of slant and writing speed, look like a Cyrillic small m. I don't know where cursive handwriting can have come into play in the design of a modern packaging, but it is one small pointer.
This interpretation also makes sense from a culinary point of view. I don't know the concentration of your seasoning, but 3 tablespoons sounds roughly feasible for 900 g of rice, which is quite a lot of rice, especially if measured dry. 3 cubic centimeters would not only be a weird unit to use in kitchen measurements (ml is the common one) but also it would only be a sufficient amount if you are using something like pure MSG crystals.
Russia does not use the Imperial system, so having a Russian recipe expressed in tablespoons is even less precise than an American recipe doing so. A Russian seeing this recipe would just use any real eating spoon in their cupboard to do the measuring. So, be prepared to treat this as a starting suggestion only, it might need some (or a lot of) tweaking to work well in your context.
Comment: The recent edit/rollback reveals a way this mistake could've been made - for some fonts/browsers, an italic т (*т*) renders like m (*m*). For example, that happens in Chrome on Linux: https://i.stack.imgur.com/5S1Sg.png. (It was fine in Chrome on Android, though, and apparently was on Catija's browser/OS.) So something could've gotten messed up by fonts, then transcribed from there. If my comment looks dumb (if it says "italic т (*m*)") then your browser/OS is tricking you too.
Comment: That makes sense, Thank you for your helpful answer!.
Comment: @Jefromi I see the *m* in Firefox on Linux, too. Going by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_(Cyrillic) that may just be how it's supposed to look, though, as it specifies that the m-look is for italic as well.


Why is extreme cold weather a challenge at airports, since jets operate at extreme cold conditions in flight?

Question: Wondering what specifically the issues are. Obviously, taking off and landing have more 'moving parts' but more curious about the actual extreme cold.
I assume the operating temperatures at cruise are much lower than ground temps.
Comment: For landing, the altimeters are affected at very low temperatures. The altimeter will indicate a higher altitude than actual.
Answer: The extreme cold is not an issue so much as the weather that typically accompanies it and the fact that planes are not always designed to be started in extreme cold with out some assistance even if they can run in it. For example so long as the weather is good and the aircraft are equipped, there are plenty of airports in Antarctica
When extreme cold is accompanied by precipitation you can get ice build up on the runway which is quite dangerous. Most airports that are in an area of regular cold weather are equipped in some way to handle this.
Extreme cold temperature that comes with/because of frontal movement may also come with very high winds that can exceed aircraft limits. But high winds can come with warm weather as well so this is not exclusive to the cold.
For piston engines you have an issue of thick oil. When the temperature drops the oil thickens and it becomes hard to start the engine as well as running the risk of engine damage. Piston engines in commercial operations are much less common than they once were so this is less of an issue. However the general aviation fleet is still pretty effected by this issue.
Jet engines do have cold start procedures just like piston engines, there is a good discussion on that here. You can see a neat video of an A320 starting up in -28C conditions here so cold weather starts are not a huge issue.
Most airports have some form of ground crew that operate in the elements. Crew like baggage handlers, aircraft marshaller, and even mechanics may work out on the ramp to get an aircraft loaded and ready to go. This is one instance where sheer cold can be a factor although weather can also make working conditions very tough, even if proper protective gear is available.
Answer: At cruise levels, the air holds nearly no water vapor and therefore the problems of icing & snow are less likely to occur than on ground.
Also, with already running engines, there is heat available to keep even with low outside temperature parts of the aircraft heated, e.g. the wing edges as anti-ice measures. I don't know the details about jet engines enough, but it might be, that they have a narrower temperature range for startup than for cruise settings. So it might be okay to run an engine at -20°C but not to start it at this temperature - but that's something hopefully others will know better and write a more detailed answer about that.
Answer: On the design side, transport aircraft are certified for a minimum operating temperature, typically -40C, sometimes -45 or maybe -50, and this will be a basic operating limitation, but only for departure purposes as it will regularly see -70 at high altitudes in the winter in the north.
This means that an airplane certified to -40 will not be able to legally depart an airport with an SAT of -45 and will have to wait around for the temperature to warm up.  This happens in the arctic quite a bit.
Operating components are also certified to the airplane's minimum temperature limitation and will have to perform to the required standard in endurance and qualification testing only to that minimum temperature, not the temperature it might be exposed to at altitude.  This can cause problems for mechanical non-hydraulic components away from the fuselage, like screwjack flap actuators(hydraulic components get warmed by the fluid and never really get cold soaked).  In theory, if you tried to deploy flaps at 35000 ft at -65, chances are they won't come out because the grease or oil in the gearbox is congealing.
However, this isn't the problem it seems because when the flaps are called for, the airplane is back down to somewhere around 3000 ft agl and components have warmed up at least to their min cert temp and can be expected to work.


Mass Effect 3 console cheats?

Question: I am playing Mass Effect 3 and I used console cheats to get all items. I used giveall and giveallarmor. But when I go to equip them in the bench where guns can be modified or where we change the armors there is nothing beside which I have got by genuine means. So where does these inventory items go? If I use giveallarmor code where do these armors go. Are there only 8 armors? Cause I have only unlocked 8 of them but using cheats there is nothing. Do I have to buy these items. Same goes with supergun and superarmor. Also can someone give me the details on how these codes work after entering them in the console. As I can increase my reputation but when I tried to get spectre talents where can I get them after entering the cheats. Please I am new to this game.
Answer: Command line cheats are not the best way to cheat with mass effect 3. For a start a lot of times you will lose anything you enter when you exit the game or restart your computer.
The best way to get talents and various points and money in the game is to use a coalesque editor which edits your game save, this is the standard way to cheat is ME3
http://wenchy.net/me3-coalesced-utility/
This is the most user friendly client to use to start with.
To find alternatives you can look here
 I personally use Gibbed.
Once in it is just a case of looking for what you want to change and just changing the value, this is really simple in the various utils.
Hope this helped.
Further Info

Yes, the super gun and super armor are cheat only items.
As TopperFalkon said, the highest level normal game weapons and armor
  are the Spectre gear weapons, unlocked for purchase from the C-Sec
  Requisitions Officer in C-Sec academy and through the Normandy's
  requisitions officer once you have gotten an achievement which
  requires you to have a certain large amount of money at one time.
  Source

You could also try a trainer cheat for the game which can be found here http://m0001.gamecopyworld.com/games/pc_mass_effect_3.shtml#Mass Effect 3 v1.5 (v1.5.5427.124) +12 TRAINER 2
This gives quick key cheats instead of command line and might have what you need
Comment: Nope it's difficult to edit. Also cannot get supergun and superarmor with it. I have tried it.
Comment: which util are you using?
Comment: @Hunter what i can confirm though is that anything entered into console is temporary there is no way to fix that
Comment: edited answer with some more information for you @Hunter
Answer: It takes a large amount of skill to edit it and I strongly suggest against it and just play the game as it isc because as far as it goes the games pretty easy

Mass Effect 3 console cheats?


Permissions for SSIS/SQL Server agent jobs for multiple user groups

Question: What permissions should I use for Active Directory groups to be able to deploy and then run/schedule their own jobs only? For example, I have 3 folders in the Integration Services catalog. Dept_A, Dept_B, and Dept_C. Each AD group should be able to DEPLOY to their own department's folder, and also create/schedule/run jobs that call these packages. I can control the permissions for deployment to those 3 folders by folder/project permissions. However, when it comes to the SQL Server Agent, things don't seem fine-grained enough. There are database roles in msdb: SQLAgentOperatorRole, SQLAgentReaderRole, and SQLAgentUserRole. However, I'm not seeing how I can limit security to keep each AD group only able to run their own packages from a job.
Answer:
I'm not seeing how I can limit security to keep each AD group only able to run their own packages from a job.

If users are in different AD groups and their visibility into the SSIS catalog is properly restricted, then you should be able to assume that only the appropriate SSIS packages will be selected when creating new jobs or modifying existing jobs.  So what you really want to know comes down to your question of...

What permissions should I use for Active Directory groups to be able to deploy and then run/schedule their own jobs only?

Creation, scheduling, and starting/stopping of SQL Agent jobs are all actions that involve two things, namely the current owner of the job and the account of the user logged in regards to their privileges via those three roles you mentioned.
I would solve this by creating one login per department and update the "owner" of existing jobs to the login which corresponds to the department that is responsible for each respective job.  Going forward, jobs are only assigned one of those logins.
For example, if each of these three logins belongs to the SQLAgentUserRole role, anyone using the login for Dept_A will only be able to see and modify jobs only owned by that login.  Jobs owned by logins associated with Dept_B and Dept_C won't even be visible when utilizing the login for Dept_A.  Credentials and SQL Agent proxies can then be setup in order to give any extra permissions to that login if needed (SSIS steps execute under the service account but any TSQL steps will use the job owner).  I'm not completely sure if a credential and proxy can be setup to allow users to update jobs as their assigned login/owner, though.
Another option is to create stored procedures that wrap around the system-supplied stored procedures to conduct actions.  Also see the social MSDN thread here.  The downside with this is that I'm not sure how GUI-friendly this approach is and you'll need to create a wrapper for each stored procedure that does something (sp_update_job, sp_start_job).  It will force all job changes to be scripted out which is a good practice in and of itself for things like review, troubleshooting, and documentation of changes but the trade-off is that more work happens for the developers.


Why my bone moves with the whole mesh

Question: When I move a single bone in pose mode, the whole mesh is moving, not only the eye-lid, as I wish. What am I doing wrong? I set the parent: mesh to bone (armature deform, with autom. weights). How should I precise, I want only the specific eyelid to move with that specific bone and not the whole mesh?
Answer: You have to reassign the influence of your eyelid bone to the eyelid vertices of your mesh.
As L0Lock said, you can fix your problem in Weight Paint mode, with the Mix or Substract brush.
You can also do it with the Vertex Groups "Assign" button:

Select your object, go in Edit mode, go in the Properties panel > Data > Vertex Groups.
In the vertex groups list, select the vertex group that has the name of your eyelid bone.
On the right of the vertex groups list, there's a down arrow that gives access to a menu. Press Remove from All Groups. Now there's no more vertices in this group, so the eyelid bone can't move anymore vertex.
In your mesh, select the vertices that are supposed to be part of the eyelid vertex group.
In the vertex groups, keep the eyelid vertex group select, and click on the Assign button that is under the list. You can modulate the assign ratio to give more or less influence to the brush.
Comment: This is a correct way of assigning weights but is very limited. Basically, as soon as you need nice ease between areas (basically any organic mesh), you should use the weight paint mode. It's a nice way to have a strong basis to work on with weight paint mode though.
Comment: yes, he could also use the weight paint mode, but if you do it with the Vertex Groups you can also modulate the Assign ratio
Comment: of course you can, but it's way more harsh to assign manually weights ratios on vertices than giving a few brush strokes. Also, weight paint gives more visual feedback on what's going on, and offers some tools, like normalization, global smoothing, ...
Comment: ok, I've edited my answer so that he can choose

Why my bone moves with the whole mesh


How did Mr. Gatsby become so rich after being a sailor?

Question: I watched The Great Gatsby twice, but there is one thing I don't understand. How did Mr. Gatsby became so rich after being a sailor?
Comment: he didn't sail he sold alcohol.
Answer: While sailing with his mentor Dan Cody, Gatsby learned to speak and act like a well educated gentleman. This allowed him to keep a reputation as a member of high society and reach people who would not have normally had access to.
When Cody died he had anticipated an inheritance but this turned out not to be.
With his ability to make friends all over the city he became immensely valuable to the criminal underworld who used him to sell bootlegged alcohol (effectively smuggling in the same way a drug smuggler/dealer works today).
With this money he bought a big house, hosted fantastic parties all with the goal of reconnecting with his long lost love Daisy Fay.
Comment: In the book, Tom Buchanan says: "I found out what your 'drug-stores' were." He turned to us and spoke rapidly. "He and this Wolfsheim bought up a lot of side-street drug-stores here and in Chicago and sold grain alcohol over the counter. That's one of his little stunts. I picked him for a bootlegger the first time I saw him, and I wasn't far wrong."
Comment: Finally I understood, Thank you so much for your reply.
Comment: Yes, he was very much a conman, he wasn't near as wealthy as he appeared to be, he built up a myth and it was a big part in why everyone revered him, basically everyone was conned and he used people he had already conned to convince others to believe the hype.
Comment: If you can convince a person who has credibility to vouch for you then they risk their credibility but others will trust you, Gatsby just never really gave anyone reason to stop trusting him so the people he conned kept their credibility and he kept their trust.


problem with jquery 3.5.1 in footer

Question: My Wordpress installation is ver 5.6 and Jquery ver 3.5.1.
Wordpress Gallery block supports the link to the media image large file, but the link opens the image in the same windows. I usually use Fancybox class to < a > tag to open large image in a popup (a href="big-image.jpg" class="fancybox"...).
The block gallery doesn't support class to link so I wrote a JQuery script and placed it in the footer to ADD the class to the href images of the gallery. The script starts ad document.ready.
here is the script:
<code>jQuery(document).ready(function ($) {
 $("li.blocks-gallery-item figure a").addClass("fancybox");
 $("li.blocks-gallery-item figure a").attr('rel', 'gallery-wpblock');
});
</code>
Everything works fine until updated to WP 5.6.
If I load the WP Jquery 3.5.1 the script APPLY the class to the < a > tag BUT DOESN'T WORK, so I click the image and it opens in the same windows.
But if I load JQuery 2.2.4 the script apply the class to the < a > tag AND IT WORKS WELL, so I click the image and it opens in a popup.
Any suggestion?
Thank you in advance
Comment: Perhaps try to move this to an event listener - for example: window.addEventListener( 'load', ... );
Answer: GREAT... thank you very much. It opens my mind.
I've tried to translate this eventListener in bind jQuery version, but I can't.
So I modified the FancyBox Jquery to read directly wp block < a href >
<code>$("li.blocks-gallery-item figure a").fancybox({
  /* wp block version */
});

$('.fancybox').fancybox({
  /* fancybox default standard */
});
</code>

problem with jquery 3.5.1 in footer


Need an Idea how to deploy many images: One after the other

Question: I need an application that can backup and restore images from command line FROM windows.
My need is as follows:

Load an image of windows
Restart
Load a new image of windows
Restart
Load a new, 3rd image of windows
....

Any idea how to do it?
Comment: What do you mean by loading an image?
Comment: Maybe you should consider using a VM instead?
Answer: If you're talking about operating system imaging, for applying and creating Windows images you generally use Windows PE and ImageX. Also see the definition of  Windows Imaging Format (WIM).
You could also, a bit more advanced, dabble with Boot From VHD and simply change VHD files to boot from.
Comment: Thanks Oskar. That means that I need to install the full SDK to support WinPe from windows. I need a simple solution to change the opeating that will be loaded every boot. XP - BOOT - than VISTA- boot -Win7... Any idea how to perform that? Thanks!!!


Patent Valuation

Question: What are ways to find the value of a patent. By value, I mean its selling price in the market.
Which is the most preferred method and if I need to go about it, how should I proceed/start?
Answer: As far as I can guess, it's probably very much like pricing any other asset, but with several caveats that are very specific to the patent system. One such significant caveat is the unpredictable effect of case law as it is made. As an extreme example, imagine if you had a "valuable" business method patent, and the Bilski decision had flat out ruled business methods as un-statutory. Suddenly your patent value basically drops to 0.
However, it certainly is possible; after all, licensing executives and damages experts in patent lawsuits do it regularly. The best person to comment here would be an experienced licensing executive, but I doubt we'll get one here anytime soon.
From some light research, hearsay and guesswork, here is an approach at a very broad level. (Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer, licensing executive or a business person, and it'll be obvious; Heck, I don't even have an MBA.)

Identify the potential target market for licensing. This may include: firms that would like to use the invention encapsulated in the patent and license it; firms that are already using the invention and thus infringing; or firms that are likely to infringe in the future.
Identify the finances of the potential licensee firms, such as annual revenue statements etc. from public records and quarterly reports. This is typically pretty straightforward market research, especially for public companies.
Identify the value of the invention with respect to the annual revenues above, i.e. what portion of their revenues could be attributed, either directly or indirectly, to this patent. Now this is a very complex problem because, as you can imagine, such detailed information is rarely available. Sometimes it is only accessible on discovery, which means a lawsuit has been filed and you're at one of the most expensive stages. Even with discovery things are complicated. For instance, a company may not be making any meaningful revenue from the product that practices the invention itself, but from other auxiliary sources. An example of this is Google's use of Java in Android in Oracle vs. Google; since Google mostly licenses Android for free and makes money from ads, Oracle had to work a bit to show how much advertising revenue could be attributed to Android's alleged infringement of their Java patents.
Once you get a number, say F, for the fraction of annual revenues attributable to the invention, determine the number of years, say T, left until your patent expires, and the period of past infringements during its term, if any. Multiply the number of years T by the fraction F to get a value V.

You now have a rough idea of the value V of the patent over its term based on the fraction of the revenues of potential licensees which could be attributable to the invention. However, no business is simply going to pay up that amount without negotiation, if at all they even bother to negotiate before filing a Declaratory Judgement to preemptively torpedo you. So this number is more of a rough upper bound on the value of that patent, since the actual value will typically be much lower. It may be higher, but I'd guess such cases are rare; say, for instance, if you can prove willful infringement and get treble damages.
So now the task is to identify the various factors, costs and risks involved in monetizing this patent. I discussed a few of the risks in the second half of this previous answer. Rest assured there are many more (such as the imaginary Bilski scenario above.) More interesting are the various factors that come into play. The value of the patent will change drastically depending on how you assert it:

Would the potential licensee be amenable to a license, or do they have a strict "anti-patent troll" stance (for whatever their definition of "troll" is)? If they don't license easily, a lawsuit is in the offing and will reduce the value to you greatly.
Can the potential licensee bring a countersuit against you? If so, the value of the patent would be offset by the liability of the countersuit, or you may be forced into a cross-license.
Are you cross-licensing it? If so you have to estimate a value in terms of the value of the patents being offered for cross-license, and monetary value may well be 0.
Are you practicing the invention yourself? If so, your case becomes stronger as you could show damages from lost profits, which may raise the estimated value. If you're not practicing the invention yourself, your estimate should be lower.
Are you asserting through your own lawyers or a licensing executive? If so, their fees will add a very significant cost that could reduce the value of that patent.
Alternatively, are you asserting through a NPE/patent assertion entity or a "contingency" law firm? If so, the value of the patent to you is much lower, because the NPE /contingency firm is taking most of the upfront risk, and as such will negotiate to keep most of the winnings, if any. Typically, the longer the case goes on, the greater their effort and risk and hence more of the pie they get. For instance, if the licensee settles immediately, they may keep less than 20%, but if the case goes all the way to trial and a jury decision, they may keep more than 50%.

To reiterate, note that this is a very simplified and generalized approach. Actual methods would be much more sophisticated, taking into account many more factors I can't even begin to contemplate, such as industry-specific nuances. I imagine huge, complex, multi-sheet spreadsheets would be involved.
However, as in the other linked post, I simply want to emphasize that monetizing patents is not nearly as easy as many people think, and it begins right from estimating a "value" for the patent.
Answer: Too often the patent is viewed as a "commodity" and traded as such. This (in my opinion) detracts from the concept of patent protection - where an inventor's idea is to be protected. To answer the question - whatever the market will bear. Presumably the patent is for something useful, that some business entity may be interested in mass producing and marketing it. And there are always "patent trolls" (aka NPEs) that will be more than happy to buy out any trivial patent with the hopes of suing everyone on the left side of the room.
Answer: A very simple answer is by comparables, like real estate. Or net present value of a proven income producing ability, like a fully rented out apartment building, in the case of a patent with an existing, diverse royalty stream.
And (in my opinion) it is good to have a liquid market in patents. An inventor may not be in an optimum position to exploit his or her invention but still deserves a way to get value for it.

Patent Valuation


Simple relation between lifting weight and power of the motor in quad-rotors?

Question: I like to know are there simple equations to find how much motor power is needed to lifting 1 KG with a quad rotor?
Also if we use gas powered engine, how can we find a relation between lifting weigh and fuel consumption?
Answer: In order to lift the weight of $mg$, you need at least a trust $T=mg$. The trust of a quadrotor with four identical motors is given by $T=4 k_T \omega^2$, in which $k_T$ is a parameter that depends on your motor/rotor and $\omega$ is the angular velocity. From this, you can estimate at which $\omega$ your motor has to operate. Additionally, to this, you will have to overcome the air drag due to rotation of the blades. This air drag needs to be overcome by a torque $M=4k_M \omega^2$. So you have to check if your motor does supply this torque $M$ at $\omega$. So if you combine this information you can estimate your power by $P=M\omega$. Remember that this is just a lower bound and you should rather select a better motor in order to allow a certain level of agility.
Answer: The thrust to weight ratio of your quadcopter should be at least 2 to for a decently manoeuvrable quadcopter.
For example, if your quadcopter has mass m, then your motors need to provide a total thrust of m*g to hover. Look for motors that can provide a thrust of mg/4 each (assuming 4 rotors) at 50% throttle.
Most motor manufacturers today actually provide performance statistics of their motors with various prop sizes so finding the right motors should not be too difficult.


Sharepoint - add script to Team site?

Question: How can i add a custom script to a team site page?
I have this new page UI designer that i don't get. How do i add a web part with my own css or js code? I can not find any solution to add my own code. Anyone got any ideas?
Comment: here is a screenshot: http://prntscr.com/i8b3t5
Answer: I'm not sure if there's a way to do it on the default team site pages, it is possible to open your team site with SharePoint Designer 2013 and add a Web Part page to the team site, which will have the ribbon that you are accustom to.
If you decide to add a web parts page but do not have access to some web parts, make sure your settings are configured properly as outlined here
Answer: Probably you must be using a Developer Template, where the Content Editor Web Part doesn't appear. You would have to create a new site collection using a Team Site template. Once done, you will be able to see all the settings you are used to, like adding a CEWP.
Answer: From the screenshot provided by you, it is a page used the Modern UI. So we cannot add the web part with CSS or JS code.
It is by design.
If you want to customize the modern team site, you could refer to the article below.
Customizing "modern" team sites.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sharepoint/dev/solution-guidance/modern-experience-customizations-customize-sites

Sharepoint - add script to Team site?


Data normalization choice

Question: What are the main advantages and disadvantages of normalization between 0 and 1 or the other zero mean variance one algorithm? If we want to preprocess the data, how to select either of these two normalization methods?
Comment: What is "the other zero mean variance algorithm"?
Comment: Terminology here as elsewhere can be a sheer nuisance. Normalizing as used variously in statistical science can mean (1) scaling by (value $-$ minimum) / (maximum $-$ minimum) (2) scaling by (value $-$ mean) / SD (often called standardization, itself a term with multiple other meanings) (3) occasional variants on (2) with e.g. median and IQR instead (4) transforming to approximate normality (Gaussianity) of distribution. I doubt that is a complete list; regardless, it is almost always advisable to give a formula too for what you discuss.
Answer: Normalizing all variables to have zero mean and unit variance allows you to have direct interpretation of results of any analysis on those variables, since all of them have the same metrics or measurement orders.
This is normally preferred to normalizing variables to be between zero and one, since this other option is strongly influenced by the presence of outliers.
Comment: Conversely, if it's ever important to have variables with the same range, then the first method is essential and the other will almost certainly not work. (Tautological perhaps, but needed for balance.)
Comment: However, when you are dealing with heavy-tailed/skewed distributions, you can't rely on standardization ($\frac{x-\bar{x}}{\sigma_{x}}$), and maybe you'd prefer a unity-based normalization. Do you agree?
Comment: It depends,but I would agree with Nick Cox from my experience with different geophysical data sets.

Data normalization choice


I've made a question asking why OTServ - a huge MMORPG open-source community - has a problem with item cloning. Why it was closed?

Question: Earlier I've posted this question (link) on Programmers Stack. Why was it closed and what can I do for it to be reopenned? Note: I've already made some edits taking in account the argumentation provided by the closers.
Comment: And ..... your question is back open.  Props for asking for guidance on how to revise your question.
Answer: The original version of your question was very broad, and read more like a thesis than an actual question. It seemed like you've already made your mind on almost everything you were asking about, and if that's the case, why ask?
To make matters worse, your question is of the "foo vs bar" variety, and strictly speaking those are off topic:

and it is not about...

what language/technology you should learn next, including which technology is better,

Broad comparisons don't really work, we all have our favourites. If you don't give us enough parameters to make a sane comparison, the question is in danger of turning into yet another flame war. And yours almost did, the back and forth in the comments was getting out of hand. No one is to blame here, we all got caught up in the conversation.
Your edit was a step in the right direction, you removed your conclusions from the question, and it certainly reads more like a question now than a thesis. But you really need to do another update, and give us a few more details on the actual design.
With almost each one of your clarifying comments you revealed design idiosyncrasies, the project seems to have a very unique design. Every detail about it will help the community give you an actual answer, and not just opinions and speculation. You said in a comment that if you give us more details, the question would become "too localized". That's certainly a risk, but "too localized" is far better than "too broad/possibly flame-ish".
What I'd like to see in your question is:

A very brief and very high level overview of OTServs design. Why, for example, is a crash so devastating, why isn't there any redundancy?
A high level overview of the database schema, not just the table names. You mentioned in a comment that items don't have unique IDs, add that to the question.
A brief outline of usage and traffic. Solutions for 500 concurrent users will be quite different from solutions for 5*10^6 concurrent users. Be precise and avoid words like "huge". A one million rows table is "huge" only if you haven't worked with billion rows tables.
A somewhat detailed outline of what you need to save and when.
Tell us what's beyond your control, what you can't possibly change.

All in all, it's a good question, but you've approached it from the wrong angle. Tell us what the problem is, and we'll do our best to help you solve it. But if you've already decided on a solution, then post it on your blog, not here.
Comment: @Dokkat Most design questions could be argued to be Too Localized if all the details are given.  We almost never close such questions as Too Localized.  We rarely use that reasoning and would much rather see specifics.
Comment: _"if you've already decided on a solution, then post it on your blog, not here"_ - wait a minute... there is a 100% legal and even welcomed [self-answer feature](http://meta.stackoverflow.com/tags/self-answer/info "what's this"), isn't it a good fit for cases like that? Assuming of course that both question and answer comply with SE standards ([original revision](http://programmers.stackexchange.com/revisions/190628/1) of the question in question likely didn't)
Comment: @gnat - my apologies there; I had only read latest which presents a much nicer PoV.  :-)  Reading over some of the comments made it clear that the OP's argumentative tone wasn't helping us understand the question.  RE: "write to blog" we need to remember that Yannis is just a mod and not in a good position to remember all the options SE offers.  :-P  Apparently his cybernetic upgrade hasn't fully taken yet, so he's still fallible.  To be fair, the earlier revs were ranty which is what blogs are for.  Latest rev lands squarely in the "self-answer is an option" category.
Comment: @gnat Hm, I suggested a self answer both in comments and in chat, and completely forgot about it here...
Comment: I agree with your suggestions but how I could explain the entire OTServ design without making the question too big and localized?
Comment: @gnat - I think the OP is genuinely interested in other answers to their question that may (or may not) counter what they have discovered already.  You suggestion is valid though and the OP should consider adding an answer reflecting those observations.
Comment: @GlenH7 original rev text is quite vague, I can't tell if it supports your evaluation ("genuinely interested") or not. Anyway, I am generally not comfortable about statement like "got a solution => write to blog", when there is a self-answer feature
Comment: just found a wonderfully relevant suggestion in a recently introduced [instant-self-answer MSO tag](http://meta.stackoverflow.com/tags/instant-self-answer/info) wiki: _...This feature is intended to promote the **"blog"** segment of the Stack Exchange mission statement by letting users post a self-answer without the awkwardness of seeing someone else get in an answer first._


Did the tezos staking consensus protocol change its mechanism at certain times?

Question: I am currently analyzing the reward distribution over several cycles for bakers and delegators. To start with I tried to figure out a mean reward for the bakers over all cycles (baseline) to compare the actual rewards with. This "baseline" is the mean reward for all bakers over all cycles and indicated as the blue line in the graph. Furthermore, I have the real rewards which are the actual rewards averaged over all bakers per cycle. The interesting thing is that there are several significant changes in this graph, which show either a big increase or a big decrease on rewards at a certain point in time (i.e. at a certain cycle). For example at block 150 and at block 200 there is somehow a big change. Also in the beginning the line is very straight (showing that the rewards are really equal all the time until cycle 150). I explain this behavior with a change in the staking protocol mechanism. Do you know how I can find out if and when the staking protocol changed ?
Thanks for your help.
Best regards
Comment: FYI: rewards deviation, that you want to see, can be found on tzkt, for example https://tzkt.io/tz3RB4aoyjov4KEVRbuhvQ1CKJgBJMWhaeB8/rewards. You can also select the stats period.
Answer: Indexers do list protocol parameters, here you have tzstats for example. Block rewards, and other protocol parameters have indeed changed with the  evolution of the Emmy family of consensus algorithm, and general protocol evolution. You will find there the protocol change level, to match with your data.
PS: I suspect that the peak in the middle could come from not accounting from cycle length duplication with Florence? Would this alter your measures? -- I had not run the numbers.


how much time is a pawn worth

Question: In bullet, blitz, and rapid chess having more time than your opponent is an advantage. I'm wondering if there have been any efforts to determine how much of a time advantage a pawn is worth. Or say a knight. Has anyone tried playing machine matches to figure this out? Since I frequently play speed chess this could be good to know. For Example: 1 pawn = 1 minute advantage in 5 min chess; 1 knight = 30 second advantage in bullet; etc.
Answer: This is a well known quote about pawns and tempi:

A pawn is worth three tempi

So a pawn is worth 3 good, developing moves. Given that most games are 40 moves long then for bullet and blitz we have:

Bullet: 1 minute for all moves per side implies 1/40 minute per move, implying a pawn is worth 3/40' = 0.075' = 4.5''
Blitz: 5 minutes for all moves per side implies 5/40 minute per move, implying a pawn is worth 3*5/40' = 0.375' = 22.5''

This is a rough guide and the value of a pawn varies by position.
Comment: Although you can calculate in chess tempi, you can't decide how much time your opponent will use. You can't sac a pawn for 20 sec.
Comment: this is interesting and while I accepted this answer I also up voted everyone because its debatable. Just curious if you recall where that quote is from; it sounds familiar.
Comment: @nak3c: The quote is often attributed to Siegbert Tarrasch
Answer: You can't say that generally. Apart from the fact that your pawn might be of different quality and your opponent might have some compensation for it, there is one other thing that influences the judgement.
I think the level of players matters most. One pawn is a different advantage for a club player and for a grandmaster. For example: if two grandmasters are playing a 5-minute blitz, one is pawn up and the other is a minute up (let's say the first player has 3 minutes and the second player 4 minutes), it hasn't such a big significance (extreme case is when the first player is very low on time e. g. 1 minute vs 2 minutes, that is of course something different). At the club level your estimate might be true.
Another important concept is that the ratio of both times is more important than the difference between the two times (see the extreme case in the last brackets).

If you tried that with computers, you would find out that it almost doesn't matter, because the machines can move almost instantly (again you probably can find some extreme corner cases).
Answer: It entirely depends upon the Position that you are playing . Let's assume that it is an end game and your Pawn is on the 7th Rank and about to Queen next move & you have 1 min of time left in the clock . Your Opponent is unable to stop it from Queening and trying to find safe squares . Then your Pawn and time are equally important .
In the initial position you may play gambits such as a Pawn to make your opponent think and gain time on clock . So there is no simple equation which will lead to a concrete evaluation . There can be many different examples where time and piece are directly & indirectly proportional to each other .
Answer: Well, at least we know that relinquishing your ability to draw counts as 16% of the opponent's time.

how much time is a pawn worth


Wordpress not logged in locally with correct username and password

Question: I'm unable to logged in wordpress in locally with correct username and password. When I enter the username and password and click the login button, it displays same log in page with empty password field. It doesn't display the error message also. please help me to resolve this issue.
Answer: There are a few things you can try. One of them you have already tried.
Clear your browser cache (which you have stated you have tried), just make sure you cleared everything, cookies and cache.
Try deactivating all plugins by either logging in via SSH or FTP to your server and rename wp-content/plugins to wp-content/plugins_backup.
Change wp theme, it maybe an issue with your current theme. Try changing to one of the defaults like twentyfifteen.
.htaccess could be causing problems so you can once again SSH or FTP to your server and rename .htaccess to htaccess.backup.
Also check your wp-config.php making sure that your site url is defined properly, eg:
define('WP_HOME','http://example.com');
define('WP_SITEURL','http://example.com');


Bug of answering questions

Question: For some reason, whenever I answer a question, under the 'unanswered' or 'questions' tab it says I asked it. even when I'm logged out. Does anyone know why?
Answer: It doesn't say you asked it. I assume you are referring to the fact that your username appears on the front page (http://unix.stackexchange.com) associated with the question. If you look closely, however, you'll see that you're marked as having answered, not asked:

As you can see above, the last person to act on the question is listed but they are listed with the action they took. So, if you answer, your username will appear and be shown as "answered by John". If you edit, it will appear next to "modified by" etc.
Compare that to what is shown on the questions page (https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions) where only the asker's name is shown:
Comment: @John yes, it has nothing to do with accepting. You posted an answer, therefore you "answered" the question and that's what the site showed.
Comment: But my user was shown there even when my answer wasn't marked as anwersed.

Bug of answering questions


Are chinese historical dramas appropriate for learning Mandarin?

Question: Is the language used in Chinese historical dramas usually antiquated/extra formal, and does that make them a bad (or maybe just too advanced) resource for practicing one's Mandarin? (I've just closed off HSK3, for reference.) There are a number of dramas I'd like to watch (mainly "The Untamed / 陈情令" and "Oh My General / 将军在上"), but I'm wondering if they'll get me used to out-dated language and cause me to sound like I'm 500 years old :^)
Comment: Modern dramas are better than historical drama because actors speak more modern Chinese in modern dramas. But most of historical drama use modern Chinese in usual, but sometimes some ancient words will be used, if you use them in real life, it's a little unnatural.
Comment: Watch both, historical & "modern". It is from historical dramas that the beauty of the language comes through. Modern Chinese include a lot of slang. Unless your leisure time is so restricted that you have to opt for only one?
Comment: You can compare the "formal" language in historical drama to Shakespear-aged English. That is what we feel, and what the TV shows want us to feel.
Comment: These kinds of "study methods" questions tend to attract close votes here, although they are welcome questions at [Language Learning](https://languagelearning.stackexchange.com/).  We can migrate this question there, if you like.
Answer: You can just learn the pronunciation in historical drama.
There are no doubt that the language you learn from historical drama must be out-dated language.Such as "盘缠" means money, but we all use "钱" now.
If you want learn language from TV play, i think you can watch urban drama instead of historical dram.
Answer: Your worry is reasonable. Historical/fantasy TV series of China do use deprecated or ancient expressions which may not be suitable in modern daily use.
I'd rather recommend documentaries or casual talk shows in CCTV-4 with dual subtitle, which use standard modern Chinese spoken by middle-class Chinese people.
Comment: @Puco4 They mean subtitles in both English and Chinese: https://www.reddit.com/r/ChineseLanguage/comments/93oy51/are_there_any_video_with_chinese_and_english/
Comment: What do you mean with *dual subtitles*?
Answer: I think it's okay to be use the old
word, old words always so beautiful
No problem in using it


Question on antecedent phrase and Secondary Dominant Chord

Question: I am interested in the discussion entitled "Proper Uses of Minor Seventh Chords" in this question proper uses of minor seventh chords. Chord I7 is "secondary dominant" meaning that it has dominant function in any other chord that not the tonic in the song (SimplifyingTheory.Com). My question is: Can I apply this type of chord at the end of an antecedent phrase instead of "dominant" one?
Here are the melodic details!
Comment: I don't see any logical connection between the linked question and your question. Please edit your question to explain how you think they're related.
Comment: Why are you specifically interested in the I7 chord as opposed to some other secondary dominant?
Comment: Thank you so much for your replies. Truly speaking, I am analyzing my own song now for my report writing. I wish I could attach the song images here (but I don't know how). In the Chorus section, in the key of F Major, the progression is: Bb - C - F - Dm - Gm - C/G - F - F7 (antecedent phrase); Bb - C - F - Dm - Gm - C/G - F - F (consequent phrase). Theoretically, I have to use dominant chord (C Major) at the end of the antecedent phrase. But in fact, I use secondary dominant one (F7). Well, I guess the sound a little bit 'floats' compared to C Major.
Answer: Since your question also mentions minor seventh chords, I wonder if what you are really asking is:

In a minor key, does the chord i7 have to function as a secondary dominant, or can I simply resolve on it? How about I7?

If so, the answer to the first question is yes, it's common to embellish the minor i chord in jazz and popular music. If you play the sequence of chords Am C F E7 Am7, the final Am7 should feel like home, and removing the seventh to make it an Am triad makes it somewhat more stable but doesn't change its functional essence.
i7 also sounds nice as a transition between the i chord and the iv chord. However, in this case we can't (strictly speaking) call it a secondary dominant because it isn't a dominant chord. This is where your I7 comes in: You might have learned that in a major key, the chord I7 often functions as the secondary dominant of IV. (In this case, many analysts would prefer to write I7 as V7/IV, read "five seven of four," to indicate its function.)
Similarly, in a minor key the "four" chord is minor iv, and its secondary dominant would be V7/iv, which is equivalent to I7. This chord, which differs from i7 in that it has a major triad and minor seventh (as opposed to i7's minor triad with minor seventh), is less stable than i7 and really "wants" to resolve to iv.
So, while no rule is set in stone, the chord I7 usually functions as a secondary dominant rather than a landing point.
Returning to the key of A minor, you could plausibly end on the chord Am7, but the chord A7 would more likely appear in the middle of a phrase or at the end of a section as a way of transitioning to the chord Dm or modulating to the key of D minor. An example of a chord cycle that using A7 as a secondary dominant could be |: Am A7 Dm E7 :|.
Answer: Yes.
It's an older resource, but my Goetschius, Homophonic Forms describes it with a negative statement. In essence...

The antecedent ends with a... not perfect cadence...

According to his definition it could end on a tonic chord of the opening key so long as the cadence is imperfect, like a melody pausing on MI instead of DO. He then goes on to describe typical chords to end the antecedent, typically some kind of dominant chord or a dominant or tonic in some new key after a modulation.
So, the broad concept is: the antecedent sets up an expectation for a continuation, because its cadence feels incomplete. The feel of the complete, final cadence only comes with a perfect cadence in the opening key.

About your "antecedent" ending on I7.
Firstly, let's put that into Roman numeral analysis, because we really need to see what are tonic and dominant.
Antecedent: F: IV V I , vi ii V64 I (V7/IV)
Consequent: F: IV V I , vi ii V64 I I
You have four iterations of an approach to the tonic I.
Whether the phrases is an antecedent will depend a lot on the melody around Gm C/G F F7. If the melody goes to F at the F chord, you really have some kind of perfect cadence type harmony. Categorically, this wouldn't be an antecedent if the melody rests on F (solfege DO.)
(Technically V64 I isn't a perfect cadence, because of the bass, but in the matter of antecedent phrases, that seems much less important than whether the melody goes to the tonic - solfege DO.)
The F7 which I labelled F: V7/IV importantly comes after arriving at the tonic chord I. I didn't label it as Bb: V, because nothing really establishes the key Bb. That F7 doesn't have the harmonic feel of rest, it feels strongly as moving to the subdominant IV, the Bb chord. If a chord creates a feeling of movement, surely it isn't functioning cadentially.
None of this means there is a problem.
It's only a concern about using the right technical description.
This particular harmonic outline isn't enough to know whether it's an antecedent. We need the melodic details.
Answer: Yes, you can.
And that's not a 'there's no rules, you can do ANYTHING!' answer.  You can do it well within the context of simple, functional harmony.
Here's three simple pairs of phrases.  An antecedent phrase and a consequent phrase if you like to label them that way.
The first is a simple trip from C to G7 and back home again.
The second ventures as far as D7, the dominant of the dominant or 'secondary dominant'.  (Notice I've also thrown in another secondary dominant - the dominant of the dominant of the dominant.)   C, A7, D7.   Then G7 and home.
The third uses  minor seventh chords for the secondary dominants.  Am7 and Dm7.  Then G7, C as before.  We could argue over whether the m7 chords can be strictly labelled as secondary DOMINANTS.  But they're certainly doing what secondary dominants DO!
Comment: A lot of folk would argue that secondary dominants are only major based. (As in your example 2). I feel a question coming on!
Comment: It can be read as asking specifically about secondary dominants, with I7 as an example.   Anyway, slavish conformity to the terms of a question can be unhelpful.  Sometimes you've got to fix the question before attempting an answer.
Comment: I'm guessing it's the M3 in a secodary dominant that is also the leading note for the chord it *should* lead to. But it doesn't have to, so does that negate the argument?
Comment: The question asks specifically about the I7 chord (although it's not clear why).
Comment: Yeah, the OP seems to think the antecedent needs to end on a dominant, but that isn't the case.
Answer: The way I always thought about secondary dominants is that you can put them before any chord. Got an F? chuck in C7 before it. A C#? go for a G#7. If you are landing on a minor chord, say Bm, just make the secondary dominant an F#7b9 and you are good to go! Of course, this is just a rough sketch, and I am a jazz player by trade, but after years of playing jazz standards, adding in secondary dominants on any chord you like makes things fresh and interesting. Don't even get me started on secondary dominant tritone substitutions!!!
Have fun, that's the main thing. None of this is set in stone.