Text After Comment Form

Question: How I could put a block of text after my comment form (kinda like politics), I put comments separated from the content (different pages).
Comment: could you be more explicit on where you want the text, for all the comments forms ? the same text ?
Answer: As megadesk mentioned its hook_form_alter you're after.
Depending on what your more comfortable with you can either add this to your theme in template.php or you can add it to a module. I'm going to assume from now on that you'r putting it into template.php. An infact rather than hook_form_alter we'll use hook_form_FORM_ID_alter.
/*
* Implementation of hook_form_FORM_ID_alter
*
* Adding text after the comment form
*/

function YOUR_MODULE_NAME_form_comment_form_alter(&$form, &$form_state) {

    //add an I agree to house rules checkbox to the form
    $form['markup'] = array(
                 //This is the text you want to add to the form, using the t() function allows it to be translatable
                '#markup' => t('You can leave us a message using the contact form below.'),
                //By making the weight 20 we insure that it appears at the bottom of the form
                '#weight' => 20,
        );
}

I havnt tested this but that should be what your after... Let me know if you need more.
Answer: You could simply use hook_form_alter.
http://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/modules!system!system.api.php/function/hook_form_alter/7
Here is a little Tutorial for that:
http://www.digett.com/blog/05/26/2011/how-theme-comment-form-drupal-7
Comment: Answers that are just a little more than a link are not considered answers, on Stack Exchange.
Comment: Sorry, didn't know that. Just wanted to push him in the right direction. I think in the tutorial is all described what he needs. Will try better next time.

Text After Comment Form


Could I get some help installing google play store and services on my phone?

Question: I am using a Chinese issued  Morotola Moto X with Android version 5.1.1, some Chinese variation, I don't really have a name for. Either way, before when I installed the Google Store (with their help), it refused to run at all. Later I found out I needed to add the services app (Version 11.0.38) as well while updating the Google Play Store to 7.8.16, and now it at least starts, rather than immediately crashing. But now when it starts up, it takes me to the Checking info screen, before I get hit with a message that says "Unfortunately, Google Play Services has stopped."n Of course when I hit okay, it just shows the checking info screen endlessly. At the same time, I get a message that reads "Update Google Play Services as an alert message, but as far as I know, I am up to date. Clearly I have managed to make some progress, but I have never attempted something like this before. Can anyone help me out here?
Comment: Do to DRM I think there are now certifications that prevent it from being installled if it isn't already on stock android or if it's rooted.  You should be able to side load apps from other sites though.
Comment: Are you trying to install Google Play Services just to access the Play Store? Would you mind an intermediate solution which doesn't make use of the Play Services?
Answer: I like to use the site APKMirror.com. On APKMirror, search for and download the latest version of the Google Play store The downloaded file will appear in the notifications pull-down menu at the top of your phone and in the Download folder in the app drawer. Click on the file in either location and install it. If you are unable to install the store, you may have to download the latest version of Google Play Services. You can find a list here, be sure to download the version that corresponds with the Android version you are running.
 Be sure to have unknown sources enabled in the Security settings of your device.


Historical NCAA football poll rankings by week?

Question: Is there a source for historical weekly poll rankings for NCAA football? Ideally something like the AP poll, but any of them would do, I would just like to look at yearly rankings in the beginning of seasons matched against final season performance.
Answer: I came across wikipedia links (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_rankings) that starting in 1996 appear to sort of have what I'm looking for.  I'll see if I can put together a scraper to try and assemble what I had in mind.


Equi-marginal Principle

Question: Hi the textbook i am studding from simply states that 'the rule for rational consumer behaviour is know as the equi-marginal principle. This states that a consumer will get the highest utility from a given level of in come when the ratio of the marginal utilities is equal to the ratio of prices'. I was hoping someone could maybe give me a bit more intuition behind this. Maybe it is self-explanatory... maybe not.
Comment: Think about arbitrage. There's always a gain by allocating less on a consumption good of lower marginal utility and more on consumption good of higher marginal utility with the same small enough amount of resource concerned.
Answer: Suppose there are two goods $X$ and $Y$. A consumer has lots of $Y$ and very little $X$, and as a result his marginal utility of $Y$ is a lot lower than the marginal utility of $X$ (it helps here to think about a convex utility function such as $U=XY$). We could make him better off if we could convert some of those $Y$'s into $X$s (again, this follows from the convexity of utility, a standard assumption. Intuitively, people want more of everything but still prefer balanced consumption bundles to extremes). The question then becomes, "how many $X$s can we buy for each unit of $Y$ we give up?" The answer is that each $Y$ can buy $\frac{P_X}{P_Y}$ units of $X$.Thus, we convert $X$ into $Y$ until the slopes of the marginal utilities equals the price ratio, at which point additional conversion would result in a larger loss from less $Y$ than gain from more $X$.
A more general way of looking at this is through calculus. For a constrained function that is continuously differentiable, the slopes at any interior maxima and minima must be parallel to the slope of the constraint. In this case, the function is the utility function, $\frac{P_X}{P_Y}$ is the slope of the constraint.

Equi-marginal Principle


ViaXMR payouts time length

Question: I've been mining on ViaXMR.com for nearly a month now and still no payout, is this because its a small pool or something else? Hobbyist miner using one GPU/CPU
Answer: The ViaXMR pool hasn't found a block since Dec 3: https://www.viaxmr.com/#/blocks  So no one has been paid out in a while.  It's been a really unlucky streak.
Also, the minimum payment is 0.4 XMR. Look at the Pool Config here: https://www.viaxmr.com/#/home
So you will have to mine long enough to accrue 0.4XMR before the pool will pay you at all.
You won't see any XMR for a long time in that pool.
MoneroOcean (or some other http://moneropools.com/) may be a better pool for you: 0.03 XMR minimum payouts: https://moneroocean.stream/#/dashboard
Comment: I caught the tail-end of that Dec 3rd payout with 0.0029088659 XMR. I wondered if anyone else had used ViaXMR and what their experience was. I get about 150H/s on the i7 CPU and around 425H/s on the GTX970

ViaXMR payouts time length


Quantum Locking and gravity

Question: Can a device be constructed of a super conducting disk connected to a electromagnet that generates a field such that the disc locks "in" the field generated by the electromagnet such that the device self levitates without the need for track or permanent magnets?
Answer: No, the locking occurs relative to the field which is now moving with the device.  It's like trying to push your dashboard to move your car.

Quantum Locking and gravity


German Schengen visa

Question: I have a valid German Schengen visa which I got on my old passport. I applied for a new passport , when was issued, my name was changed slightly. My old passport had both my surname and given name (vijay kumar) in the given name column with the surname column blank but now my new passport shows my given name (vijay) and surname (kumar) separately (and correctly). can i travel with same visa ?
Comment: In general, major changes to your personal details (ie. name changes) require you to apply for a new visa. If I were you, I would apply for a new visa as there is no reason not to...

Check out the reply in this thread, it's for a business visa but it may help.
https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/92238/schengen-business-visa-after-a-name-change
Answer: As i understand, in first passport you left your last name blank but in second passport you filled it with kumar.
Please get in touch with German embassy and get this clarified.
In my view, itshould be fine but It depends on how Immigration officer interprets it.
Comment: Thanks for information. i dont have enough time to apply for a visa.
Comment: Well you taking a risk. Although chances are that it will be fine but still you should have got it confirmed in time

German Schengen visa


Where to find online documentation for older versions of Swift?

Question: Is there an official online Apple source for documentation for Swift 3? (Preferably that can be accessed without signing in to a developer account.) Browser searches for "Swift 3" are finding links to documentation for Swift 4 at developer.apple.com, but I am interested in the older version.
Answer: If you're using a modern Apple Device, which you must be in order to develop with Swift 3, you can use iBooks' Swift 3.1 Guide. Once Xcode 9 and Swift 4 are finalized, this book may receive an update to Swift 4, but you should be able to decline the update.
Check out the book here: The Swift Programming Language (Swift 3.1)
Comment: Yes, I have a copies of the Swift 2 and Swift 3 iBooks already. But still wondering whether there is a way to access the Swift 3 versions of what is now showing up as Swift 4 when you look for Swift info in the documents at developer.apple.com.


Difference between Psychology & Neuroscience in lay man terms?

Question: I am electronics engineer by profession
But i am confused in difference between Psychology & Neuroscience? Please explain in lay man terms?
Answer: A lot of neuroscience has nothing to do with the brain (never mind the human brain). For example research to regrow peripheral neuron or neurons in the spinal cord to help paralyzed individuals would be neuroscience but not psychology.
In the limit all of psychology is related to neuroscience, since if we could model individual neurons, networks, and brains, then we could predict all of human and animal behavior. That is still a long way off so I think it is reasonable to say parts of psychology are unrelated to neuroscience (e.g., social psychology and psychometrics).
Answer: You might say that neuroscience is a study of the materials and physical processes required to make a brain operate, and that could be likened to computer hardware.
You might therefore also say that psychology is a study of some aspects of the software that runs on that hardware, and psychotherapy a way of hacking that software.
Comment: This is an interesting analogy. Can you expand on this? What about the communications between the brain and other parts of the body? That would not necessarily be "psychology software". Especially the neurological systems involved in pain sensitivity etc.
Comment: Hi Chris,

We could split those communication types you mention up into input and output. The nervous system would be an input, motor control would be an output.

The nervous system affects how we think/feel by changing the balance of hormones in the body in response to information received by the senses and therefore brain activity. However psychological trauma can affect how our nervous system responds to stress, and in turn this can affect things like breathing regulation, motor control etc.

It's not necessarily psychology software all the time, but could be related to that sometimes
Answer: I would say the difference between psychology and neuroscience is like the difference between electronics and electrodynamics.
Answer: This will be a little contrived (you asked in layman's terms), but basically psychologists don't care about neurons. They care more about a higher-level view of how the brain works.
There's even a joke about psychologists having a "neuron envy". As for an example:

The problem is that you can have an explanation in biology at two different levels. One is a "black box," or non-reductionist approach. An example of this is behaviorism, which gives you a model of what's going on at the same level as the phenomenon you are studying.

And as an analogy

In biology, for example, Mendelian genetics--where you have pea plants and genes--could only get you so far. Sooner or later, you need to open it up and see what's inside. You have to discover the structure of the DNA molecule--an advance that gave birth to modern biology, because it told you about enzymes; it told you about ... the machinery underlying cell physiology.
In psychology, the nearest thing to that happening is neuroscience.


Ticket refund for a return ticket from Turkish Airways

Question: I study in north Cyprus and I bought a refundable return ticket when coming here from Nigeria but I'm not going to be needing it because I won't be coming home at that date. Someone back home is supposed to collect the refund but the Turkish airline back in Nigeria said they'll need authorization. Please how do I go about it and do I need to present my residency permit or any other document? Do I go to Turkish Airways at the airport or any other office?
Comment: This sounds like a question you should ask Turkish Airlines.  Why not give them a phone call?
Answer: Well,
I flew with them few times & need to cancel my trip to London. Had no problem in refund process  (But i bought from sales office indeed and currently live in Istanbul so its very close to me :) )
If you bought an online ticket you can cancel it through their website
http://www4.thy.com/customercontact/Start.tkf (Thats their customer form)
Otherwise if you bought it via a sales office or credit card you should contact related sales office bro.
http://www.turkishairlines.com/en-int/corporate/turkish-airlines/contact/customer-relation-call-center/sales-office
But all tickets rules can vary so better contact them both ways or you can write their Facebook Page. Here's whole their contact info. Sales offices & phone numbers..etc.. Hope it helps.
Cheers
Kenneth Johannesen


How to implement density-based clustering?

Question: I'm looking to implement density-based clustering with R or Mathematica on a giant file (600,000 points on a 3 billion x 3 billion plane).
Is DBSCAN the right method for data that is this sparse? I am also anticipating a huge amount of noise. Which parameters would I tweak to account for this?
Comment: Why the close votes? OK, so the user wants to ultimately use R or Mathematica, this is not a code request question.There are some clear statistical aspects in the OP's question (ie. the use of DBSCAN with a large sparse noisy dataset). Maybe one can suggest the question [here](http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/11418/density-based-spatial-clustering-of-applications-with-noise-dbscan-clustering) as being a possible duplicate (I think it is not) but that's a totally different criticism.
Answer: Given you have a large dataset data as well as noisy data I strongly recommend that a dimensional reduction step is done prior to clustering. This should allow potentially irrelevant variation to be filtered out and the clustering algorithm to work in a lower dimensional space. Standard dimensional reduction techniques like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) are two standard approaches.
Detecting density-based clusters in high-dimensional spaces, even when having noiseless data can be very demanding. High-dimensional density estimation is a typical scenario where the curse of dimensionality manifests. DBSCAN ultimately relies on finding fixed-radius nearest neighbours for each point. As the dimensionality of the data increases this nearest neighbour (NN) finding task becomes more and more attenuated. In addition (and most importantly) a standard distance metric as Euclidean distance gets potentially increasingly irrelevant. Therefore even if we have a distance and neighbourhood to work with that information is not very useful. This association between curse of dimensionality and NN-related tasks has been touched upon many time in CV, eg. see 1, 2, 3, 4.
By the way, something "simple" like the following script where $N$ is quite larger than just 600$k$ as in your case, runs on my laptop (Intel i5 U-series) in under 5 minutes using ~10 GB of RAM. This is because the fixed-radius nearest neighbour problem mentioned above is solved within the library dbscan using $k$-d trees; most NN-finding routines use some approximation approach; otherwise even cases with just a few more than tenths of thousands of points would get prohibitively large to work with when involving $O(n^2)$ requirements. So while not "instant" a use-case with 600$k$ points is definitely doable in R given a standard workstation and some appropriate dimensional reduction.
<code>N = 10^7; p = 50;
Q = matrix(nrow = N, rt(N*p, df = 2))
library(dbscan)
W = dbscan(Q, eps= 0.01, minPts = 100) # About 4.5'
</code>
Answer: DBSCAN will work, but you need a good index structure. Without a good index, it will be $O(n^2)$ which is too expensive.
If you have a lot of noise, increase minPts.
Comment: Can you kind of expand a bit? I always enjoy reading you insightful answers/comments on clustering issue but this post needs some extra context. How does `minPts` associate with what the user might experience noise-wise? How an index would help the time complexity? How much? Why would it be $O(n^2)$ to begin with?
Comment: See the Wikipedia article for DBSCAN complexity. If you have a lot of noise, a larger sample provides a more reliable density estimate.
Comment: That section of the Wikipedia article, while relating to your answer on the use of index structures, has nothing to do with the *noise* against `minPts` relation. You might want(ed) to comment that with larger `minPts` parameters is more probable that outliers/noisy data are not incorporated erroneously in a cluster/neighbourhood but that is not explained in your post or your comment...


Increase Multi-touch points

Question: I have an Infocus M2 running Android 4.4. It supports only two finger multi-touch, which causes problems with some games. Is there any way to increase the number of touch points it can recognize?
Answer: You cannot increase touch points as this is related to your hardware (screen) not the software. You would need to purchase a new screen for your device that supports multi-touch features.

Increase Multi-touch points


SSDs, Hardware RAID, and TRIM

Question: I was told by my datacenter that all HW raid, specifically the LSI 9260-4i hardware RAID controller, does not support SSD TRIM command.
My question is, are there severe longevity/speed issues due to this?
My datacenter said I would be better off with software RAID, but running software RAID on a 4x256Gb Samsung 830 RAID10 array yielded single drive write-speeds... less than optimal.
Finally, does MegaRAID FastPath software address the need for SSD TRIM to some extent?
Comment: The model you mention isn't battery backed-up, which makes it rather useless.  I would follow your datacenter's advice and stick to software raid.
Answer: I think TRIM is overrated  for the most part. Yes, it can help, if you have a drive that has a heavy random workload (which is mostly the case when you're doing drive benchmarks, or for some other real-world workloads), however most people just don't have those workloads.
Here's an interesting poster from SOSP 11, which was looking at a 'selective TRIM' mechanism but also shows a clear comparison between TRIM on and off. TRIM can have a significant negative impact on your drive performance, and while it does show significant benefit in the long-running postmark test, if this usage pattern doesn't match yours then you can't compare them.
Anandtech covered the Samsung 830, and did look at the effect of TRIM here, however I think you should take most of the tests like the ones mentioned there with a grain of salt. Your workload is very unlikely to be 'torture the drive in the worst possible way for a set period of time and then do my normal job', and so the actual impact of your workload on the drives performance is much harder to understand, as is the benefit of TRIM.
Finally, bear in mind that these SSDs can sustain somewhere north of two orders of magnitude more random IOPS than a spinning drive. Even if you lose half their random performance to TRIM, you still have a system that is fantastically faster than spinning drives.
Personally, I'd ignore the lack of TRIM and go with the hardware RAID controller. I'd also manually overprovision a bit more space on the drive (partition off a bit of space and leave it unused) as overprovisioning helps both workload and endurance. And if it turns out that your workload is a very heavy random-write workload, to be honest, I'd go for better drives anyway :)
Answer: TRIM can impact your speed positively as with prolonged use an SSD can perform worse due to write operations becoming slower and slower due to inefficient writing to certain blocks. TRIM makes sure that the operating system can and will write evenly on all blocks.
So if you don't have TRIM now it could become problematic in the future.

SSDs, Hardware RAID, and TRIM


iTunes visualiser always fullscreen

Question: Since upgrading to Yosemite this morning, the iTunes visualiser runs in fullscreen and I can't get it back to windowed mode. The general iTunes Fullscreen shortcut has no effect, nor does the green maximize/restore icon - in fact, that is hard to click anyway, since there's no mouse pointer shown in visualiser mode.
Anyone managed to get it running in Windowed mode?  I'd quite like to be able to see my mail unread badges while iTunes is running.
Answer: Solved - I'd misread ^-CMD-F as SHIFT-CMD-F rather than CTRL-CMD-F

iTunes visualiser always fullscreen


What should I use, "in her stead" or "instead of her"?

Question: Which phrase should I use,"in her stead" or "instead of her"? I encounterted the both. Is there any difference in meaning?
Comment: I never realized until today that "instead of her" is related to "in her stead"! To me, at least, they are very separate concepts, and I never would have thought of using one in the stead of another. :)
Answer: "Instead of her" is the more common phrase, but it's also a matter of context. "Instead of her" can refer to a single other person, or multiple other people. "I'd rather spend a weekend with anybody, instead of her" or "I gave it to Lucy, instead of her." In either use, it has an implied exclusion - something happens to B, but not A.
"In her stead" has a different connotation, more legal. For the definition of stead, Random House gives us:

the place of a person or thing as occupied by a successor or substitute

While "instead" does loop back to this definition, because it's derived from the same sources, "a stead" is something that a person can have. If you have proxy power for somebody, say as a shareholder in a company, you can "vote in her stead" while also casting your own vote. You're not "voting instead of her", because you're voting, too. It's inclusive - A happens, and B happens, just not by the person who is usually entitled to do B.
Comment: This is an important distinction. When Alice acts in Penelope's stead, Alice is Penelope's agent, doing for Penelope what Penelope has the authority to do for herself, but has delegated to Alice. When Penelope's tenants give Alice the rent check, everyone understands they are providing the money for Penelope's benefit.

When someone says they'll vote for Ted Cruz or John Kasich instead of Donald Trump, they're not in any way saying that their vote is to Trump's benefit; quite the opposite in fact.
Comment: @MontyHarder so, "in her stead" just means "for her", right? As in "I voted in condo meeting for my dad because he was ill".
Comment: @Anixx With the added implication that the vote was made as the dad would have made it, were he placing the vote himself.
Answer: "In her stead" is very literary - I don't think anybody would use it in ordinary conversation, and not many people would use it in writing. "Instead of her" is normal.
Comment: I mean "bookish", the only meaning of "literary" that I am familiar with. I think you are confusing it with "literal".
Comment: "it was literary blown up" is incorrect. Literary is related to writing. It is an adjective. While the correct adverb in your sentence would be  "it was literally blown up"
Comment: By "literary" do you mean "bookish" or "exact"?
Comment: @ColinFine I agree.  "Instead of her" is definitely what I would use in ordinary conversation and writing.  "In her stead" makes me think of standing in for her in a duel or something like that.
Comment: @Colin Fine You mean "it was literary blown up" is incorrect?
Comment: On the difference between 'literaLLy' and 'literaRy', note that some languages do not make a distinction between L and R, but English does. "Literally" means "exactly as stated," but "literary" means "relating to books."
Comment: Not sure that's really relevant, @JedSchaaf. "Literary" and "literally" are pretty similar in rapid speech, because the coda of three light syllables tends to be pretty indistinct, and the 'l' in "literally" can get elided after the 'r'.
Answer: "In her stead" may imply you are acting in her behalf or with her consent. It may imply the substitution is being done in a formal or official context.
"Instead of her" makes no such implications. It means only that it's you, not her.


Is it okay to change question title?

Question: I posted a question with the title "I need help converting nearly 200 redirects into redirectmatches". Is it okay to shorten the title to "Converting nearly 200 redirects into redirectmatches". I think everyone needs help, and so I would like to change the title. I will not change the text, even to correct my typos since there are already comments and an answer. The answer covers the typos.
Comment: Generally, if changing a Title (or Body) would make an existing answer no longer apply (or make it apply in an incorrect way), it would be wrong to make the change.  Otherwise, any change that improves the question is a good thing.  Note that invalidating *comments* is okay, though it is good to respond to such comments indicating that you have made such a change.
Comment: You can also flag comments as "no longer needed" if your edit has addressed or invalidated them.  A moderator will be happy to remove them.
Comment: "The answer covers the typos." - although in this case, the "typos" were part of the code block, so they weren't necessarily typos, but possibly _invalid code syntax_. Changing "these typos" could have potentially changed the question. Otherwise, editing genuine typos is usually the best thing to do.
Comment: @MrWhite They were typos. I did not edit them because you mentioned my typos in your answer, so I left them in. Had I seen the typos before your reply, I may had edited them.
Answer: Yes, you can change the title to make it better anytime you want.  That type is of edit is the type we encourage here. We often edit questions to remove phrases like "please help, "my question is," or "thanks in advance."   As you note, these phrases could apply to every question and are not needed.
You can also change the text of your post.   Correcting typos is always appreciated, even if there are already comments and answers.   When you edit a post, the edit history is preserved.   Anybody can go see the original version.  The edit can even be rolled back if it is spammy, destructive, or makes the post worse.
You are even welcome to edit other people's posts including the titles if you feel like you would like to help out on the site in general. Until you get enough reputation, your edits go into a queue to be reviewed. After you have enough reputation (2000), you can make edits anywhere you want across the entire site and we trust that you will do so in good faith. See help: privileges for more details.
Edits that improve posts typically:

Remove fluff phrases, greetings, and signatures
Improve spelling and grammar
Apply appropriate formatting
Improve clarity
Correct small mistakes
Add relevant links and references
Use example.com or some-domain.example instead of un-official example domains.  Sometimes real domains can be replaced by example domains as well if they aren't needed to answer the question.
Remove inappropriate tags or add appropriate tags

When editing posts of other people that haven't been marked as a community wiki:

Preserve the original intent, meaning, and spirit
Use you own answers and comments rather than adding to the post or communicating with the author

See the FAQ on appropriate edits at Privileges - Edit questions and answers
Comment: The few times I have gotten feedback that my edits were not appreciated were for substantial clarity edits.  From that I've learned that if a question is a poorly written mess that can be interpreted 5 different ways, it is better to close the question as "requires clarity", rather than trying to guess the most likely interpretation myself.
Comment: In addition to answering the question for the person who asked, we are building a repository of knowledge about webmastering.  Questions and answers are later found by people with similar problems through search.  Some questions help thousands of other people.   It is important to correct the grammar to make the question usable in the future by others, even if you feel it could be patronizing.   However, I have never gotten negative feedback about grammar edits.  On the contrary, I often get thanks.  Most non-native English speakers realize they need a little help and appreciate it.
Comment: Stephen, I am often conflicted about correcting grammar posted by someone for whom English is obviously not their first language.  While I know what they have written it is wrong even if the context and intention are correct, it seems a little patronising to make what are effectively trivial edits.  Any thoughts on that?

Is it okay to change question title?


How long can I leave a wood fence after pressure washing, before staining it?

Question: If I were to pressure wash my fence in mid-spring, could I leave it and not stain it until fall? The reason I ask is I have the time to wash the fence and my house, but I probably couldn't stain it for a few weeks, until it would be hot, and I'd rather wait until fall when it cools down a bit.
Answer: Some fences are never stained. Keep in mind that sunlight will "bleach" wood that is not protected from UV light. So, you can leave the fence as-is but it might significantly weather with no protection, depending on whether the pressure washing damages whatever existing finish is on it now.
Also, you don't necessarily want it to be hot when applying an exterior stain. Best time to stain would be a cloudy day. If the stain dries / cures too quickly it could lead to problems. Most exterior stains will instruct you to not expose the stained object to direct sun until the stain cures.


Word for politicians and judges

Question: Is there a word to describe a group of politicians and judges?
The best I came up with is "public figures" which is both too wide (there are lots of public figures which are not politicians or judges) and too long. Is there a single word grouping or describing politicians and judges?
Comment: it's a good question.  in some contexts, "administration"
Answer: The most specific term I can think of that encompasses both is official, but it may not be narrow enough for your purpose.

official
noun: official; plural noun: officials

a person holding public office or having official duties, especially as a representative of an organization or government
  department.ODO
Answer: Office holder: A person who holds a position of authority or service, especially within a government or government organization.
Answer: That can be a magistrate, but by his ancient meaning:
In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest government officers and possessed both judicial and executive powers.
But it's more a person with both the role of a politician and a judge than a group of those two types of people.
Answer: If you aren't too fussy, legislators will be understood. Technically, judges administer the law rather than make it, but anyone involved knows the line is a fuzzy one, and only matters if you are discussing fine constitutional points.

Word for politicians and judges


Could increased atmospheric pressure act as a countermeasure for effects of microgravity?

Question: Are there any possibilities to counter the negative effects of low or micro gravity by increasing the atmospheric pressure?
Answer: Not all adverse effects of prolonged stay in microgravity environment, for example, it wouldn't make the slightest of difference regarding gravity gradient loss or decalcification, but it could increase atmospheric drag equally on all limbs and effectively help combat muscle atrophy. Problem is, it wouldn't be really practical, nor safe to additionally increase atmospheric pressure.
The mixture of breathable air would also have to use some other filler gas than nitrogen to prevent nitrogen narcosis, so perhaps argon that is equally inert. But regardless the filler gas used, increasing atmospheric pressure would additionally increase the load on the structure and further complicate extravehicular excursions (egress and ingress), and depending on the mixture used, might increase fire hazard.
Other, much simpler techniques with similar effects could be used instead, such as e.g. elastic compression garments, like ESA's Skinsuit, that offer resistance with the use of stretchable fabrics. They might be rather uncomfortable though, and still require strict exercise and dietary regime to help alleviate gravity gradient, body mass and blood volume loss.
Comment: @LocalFluff Well, you'd want air circulation anyway for obvious reasons, but I don't see how a strong vertical flow would do much good, you'd want a connected system, like e.g. a space wheel to take the best advantage of it. Problem with localized flow is that it creates polarized regions of both increased and decreased air pressure, and local eddies. So you might get a sufficient pressure on a macro scale, but your feet wouldn't be any firmer on the "ground", quite the contrary since you'd be dealing with compressed backflow under your feet in all directions.
Comment: No external pressure alone would _simulate gravity_, all it would do is provide a more-or-less omnidirectional force. But what you're saying isn't anything more than "increasing atmospheric pressure", which is what the question is about since it doesn't specify how one is to achieve that, and it's what I was answering. In that respect, it wouldn't change anything, but it would restrict mobility and require loads of hardware. There's other problems with "wind" though, including health issues due to localized cooling of surfaces this airflow would be in contact with. It's just not a great idea.
Comment: What about streaming air, pushing everything to the "floor"?
Comment: Yes, a connected flow in some circulation. The floor would be a wind transparent grid covering powerful sucking fans. Experiencing a hurricane, or a strong water stream, anyway feels like gravity, if it were managed to be stable. Could pressure in that sense simulate gravity usefully? Maybe instead of performing hours of exercise a day, one could sleep in a suit inside a shower cabin with a forceful stream of air or water to mitigate some microgravity health problems.


Trekking Har ki doon (India): Permits and Guides

Question: We are going to Sankri-Har-ki-doon trek. So, from various sources in internet we found a that a forest permit is necessary for the trek.
From where should we obtain this ? And is it mandatory to hire a guide ?
Answer: Yes, for Har-ki-doon trek you need a local forest permit.
Hiring a guide is not a mandatory thing, but recommended. The guide will take care of campsites and arranging food at a fair bargain.
First things first.

You can book a cab from Dehradun to Sankri villege. On the way you would pass through a place called Naitwar (Tagged Netwar on google maps). The permits to enter the "Govind Ghat wildlife Sanctuary and National Park" are supposed to be obtained here. Cab should cost you something around 3000 INR (approx 48-50 USD).
There is an administrative office of Uttarakhand Tourism where you can get the permits for the trek. While, I have no idea about how much they cost you, I'd recommend getting a medical fitness certificate with you. You can get it from your place, if you haven't for some reason, you can easily get yourself checked and get a basic medical fitness certificate from a local dispensary in Dehradun, So that there are no 11th-hour hiccups in formalities.
Sankri is a place where the cab will drop you. From here the trek to Taluka begins. I'd recommend hiring a SUV like Bolero or Scorpio should be sensible instead of hiring a Sedan.
If you know the schedule and the trail, there is no need to take the guide. Should you hire a guide from Sankri or Naiwar itself, He will manage all the local requirements without you need to be bothering much about anything at all. For Non-Indian people the guide definitely charge a bit more, so you should be paying a maximum (Sad, but true) of somewhere around 1500 INR a day, which is like 24 USD approx.
Comment: Actually the trail is straight forward and requires no guide. The terrain is easy as well.
Comment: @Unsung: Indeed. I don't know about previous experience of the OP, but I am sure that he/she/they must have been preparing for this. I just thought about Language barrier and local solution to logistics, and it was never meant to be an advise to make a bull-blown guided expedition.
Comment: There is no permit required for Har ki doon trek : http://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/57593/where-can-i-obtain-trek-permits-for-har-ki-doon/66532
Comment: @ParminderSinghChahal: I reassert, permits are needed for Govind Ghat wildlife Sanctuary and National Park.


Access Pagelayout assigned for a profile for a object using metadata api

Question: I need to access the PageLayout NAME assigned for logged in user for a given Object or Record Id. This details needs to be fetched in Lightning component. I think due to security restrictions, Lightning doesn't allow sending HTTP request directly to fetch pageLayout assigned for the logged in user unless we create Connected App, Auth Providers and Named Credential. So I thought of using Metadata API. Is there a way to fetch it using Metadata API? Can I get a code snippet?
Answer: The API that is intended for this use case is the UI API, which provides support for getting user interface presentation information like the correct layout for a given record and user.
While it's possible to do so with the Metadata API, ordinary unprivileged users can't access the Metadata API at all - it's not easier to authenticate for MDAPI than UI API, it's harder.
Even granting the appropriate permissions, it would involve quite a bit of excess complexity to retrieve the relevant Profile, CustomObject, and PageLayout entities, walk the XML, and generate the proper layout, and the latency of the Metadata API would make performance unacceptable.
Comment: I need to access the assigned PageLayout Name dynamically for the logged-in user for a given record id / object and record type. Rest of accessing the details of pagelayout is already completed. I don't want to hardcode the details of PageLayout name.
Comment: @NoNicknameSFDC I definitely get that, but the Metadata API is not a good solution for you.
Comment: Going thru the example here - https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.uiapi.meta/uiapi/ui_api_quick_start.htm , this works when I am building a custom UI. Even I would agree on this part. My intention is to use Lighting:EditRecordForm with fields loading automatically. Thats the intention behind. With UI API, it becomes too much of code and manual deployments in my case, which would be difficult to convince.
Comment: @NoNicknameSFDC It's hard to provide more detail without hearing more about your use case (which is information you can edit into your question). I'm not sure why you need the page layout *name* alone, or why you would opt not to use [``](https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/bundle/lightning:recordForm/documentation), which does a lot of the heavy lifting for you. Adding this detail to your question can help produce more valid answers.


Drained battery; imminent explosion?

Question: What would happens when if a car battery is drained of all its fluid and then hooked up to a 12v battery charger. It's a long story I did it to my car battery accidentally for about a minute. What could have happened if I had left it on to charge for longer?
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair!
Answer: In a word: nothing.
If a battery is completely dry, or has a lack of electrolyte which doesn't contact the bottom of the charge plates, then nothing will happen. Even if one cell of a 6-cell battery (typical lead-acid 12vdc battery) is dry, nothing would happen. The reason is, the electrolyte (sulfuric acid) allows connectivity between plates. If there is no electrolyte, there is no connectivity. It's like a wire with an open circuit ... it doesn't work. You need to have the electrical circuit within the battery to have a clear path between posts. If it it isn't there, no electrons will flow, and therefore nothing happens.
Comment: If the "padding" or support beneath the plates is still moist then you can get an appreciable voltage but no significant power.
Comment: @SolarMike - Agree with you. I guess in this case it all depends on the OP's definition of "drained".  I'm taking them at their word and the common meaning of the term.

Drained battery; imminent explosion?


Do US mutual funds and ETFs pay taxes on dividends?

Question: If I am a US citizen and want to invest in a US fund (e.g. a mutual fund or an index fund), which also invest in a number of US stocks, what happens when the fund I invest in receives dividends? Is the fund paying any tax on these dividends? What if the stocks are from another country?
Answer: Mutual funds don't pay taxes themselves, they distribute any dividends or capital gains to the shareholders. Thus, if you hold a mutual fund in a tax-advantaged account like a 401k or IRA then the distribution isn't a taxable event while in a regular taxable account you would have to pay taxes on the distributions.
From Forbes:

Funds are pass-throughs. If they profit from capital gains, interest or dividends, they are compelled to pass those profits
  through to you as distributions. You must pay tax on the
  distributions. You owe the same tax whether you do or don't reinvest
  in more fund shares.

There can be foreign companies on US stock exchanges that would still work the same way. Unilever for example is an Anglo-Dutch multinational listed on the NYSE as "UN."
Comment: @Escachator ETF,s, index fund, hedge funds are all mutual funds. What they invest in varies but regarding the distribution of dividends they are essentially the same.
Comment: Thank you JB King! So mutual funds (as entities) don't pay ANY kind of taxes (i.e. no dividend tax, no capital gains)? How about other kind of funds? (e.g. ETFs, index funds, hedge funds, etc)
Comment: Funds pay taxes on their own income (commissions and fees), not on yours. Your income (in your account) is your problem. And yes, that means that a good year or a large sale, combined with low cash-on-hand. could force you to sell some more to have the cash to pay taxes with.
Comment: Thanks mhoran for the clarification. keshlam, when you mean funds I guess you are referring to the company which owns the fund, notthe fund itself where I am invested in. Is that correct?


In trading, what will be the ticker market price, ticker top buy and top sell value if order matches with multiple orders?

Question: If a buy order matches with multiple sell orders say 50 orders in one go, then when will the ticker top buy / top sell / market price will change?
a) After buy order matches with first sell order? or
b) After buy order matches with all sell orders? or
c) For every order match?
Answer: Assuming you're asking about the "last" market price, it will change on the first full lot (100 shares or more) transaction at the price.
Answer: After checking multiple exchanges, I found that if a order matches with multiple order in one go then only after last transaction ticker prices get changes.


What interface should I choose to extend Yamaha LS9-32 outputs?

Question: I need more outputs on Yamaha LS9-32 so I am looking for an interface to extend outputs via ADAT output. I have MY16-AT card in it.
Answer: I have worked extensively with the LS-9 and have used the optical ports to extend the inputs/outputs a few times. We had a an older MOTU 828 (mark 2 I think) that we used with good success with our LS-9. If you need 24 more outputs the 24A0 from MOTU may do the job but i dont remember what the mac you can connect to the LS-9 is.
I may be able to offer more if you can specify why you need the extra inputs.
Comment: The poster needs extra outputs, not inputs...possibly to address a large or complicated sound system, or I guess possibly to record off the board in multitrack into a separate system.
Comment: my apologies, the 828 will work for outputs as well (and I have used it as such)
Answer: If you're looking for an inexpensive option, you could go for 2x Behringer ADA8200.
Such two interfaces will allow you to use all 16 Ins and Outs on the MY16-AT.


Rinsing grapes before harvest...how to best do it

Question: I would like to rinse my grapes before making wine this year. I do understand that I may lose a little flavor, the main reason I would like to do it is to get rid of the fungicide I used during the year, I really do not want to drink it. The question is....1) Can I rinse them with a hose on the vine 1-2 days before harvest? or 2) Harvest and then rinse them on the plastic container, let them dry and crush them. Thank you very much, Roger
Comment: You should carefully adhere to the fungicide safety leaflet.  Rinsing will not remove the harmful chemicals - only the vine will in the window period indicated.
Answer: I always rinse my harvested grape clusters manually in a big bucket of water with metabisulfite.
This gives me a bit of control:

It is easier to remove insects, not much, but e.g. earwigs
It is easier to remove rotten or otherwise not healthy grapes
When rinsed, I can then immediately pull the grapes from the stalks and add them to another bucket for pressing later

It is a bit of work, but then I only harvest grapes for about 10 litres of juice.


Is that islam give the permission to women of coeducation?

Question: Is that islam give permission to women of coeducation.If they wear hijab or burka and avoid interaction with males then what islam suggest.
Comment: Are you asking on whether learning in a mixed gender environment is permissible?
Answer: It is permissible if there is a partition and separate entrances, or if the men and women sit in different rows, so the men can not see or intermingle with the women.
Sahih Muslim 440:

The best rows for men are the first rows, and the worst ones the last
  ones, and the best rows for women are the last ones and the worst ones
  for them are the first ones.

Sahih Bukhari 837:

Whenever Allah's Messenger (SAW) finished his prayers with Taslim, the
  women would get up and he would stay on for a while in his place
  before getting up. Ibn Shihab said, "I think (and Allah knows better),
  that the purpose of his stay was that the women might leave before the
  men who had finished their prayer. "
Comment: Both evidences quoted are only tangentially relevant.


In any glass, why doesn't its shadow show when near a screen?

Question: $\hspace{25px}$
$\hspace{25px}$$$
\begin{alignat}{7}
  &  \begin{array}{l}
           \textbf{Figure 1.}~~
           \text{Here shadow is showing, but}
       \\  \text{not when it is near.  I had seen an}
       \\  \text{explanation, but I am not sure about it.}
     \end{array}
 &
 &   \begin{array}{l}
           \textbf{Figure 2.}~~
           \text{Here shadow is showing, but}
       \\  \text{not when the glass is near.}
       \\  \phantom{}
     \end{array}
 \\  \hspace{20px}
 &   \hspace{300px}
 &   \hspace{25px}
 &   \hspace{300px}
\end{alignat}
$$
Comment: Welcome to SE.Physics!  I formatted your pictures to be side-by-side using a bit of trickery.  It'd be helpful if you could reword the question slightly, perhaps adding a bit more of a question statement to the post itself rather than relying on the question's title to convey it.
Answer: This happens because glasses are basically lenses and lenses change direction of incoming light, causing it to converge or diverge.
Close to a screen, the effect is insignificant, since the intensity of the converging or diverging light changes gradually, with distance.
As the distance from the screen increases, the effect will become more obvious and will depend on the type of lenses, converging or diverging, and the focal length. At some distances, the light could intensify, at other distances, it may get dimmer and you'll see a shadow.
This is illustrated below for short sighted glasses (concave lenses) and for a magnifying glass (convex lens, similar to reading glasses), for different distances.

With flat glass, you would not observe any of these changes.
Answer: I know that a figure would help, but I have no time to draw it.
Your eyeglasses are negative (diverging) lenses, used by myopic
people. To understand the shadows you must keep in mind that the whole surface is reached by sunlight.
If your spectacle frame did not bear lenses you would see direct
sunlight, with only a thin shadow produced by frame. The diverging
lens receives a parallel beam of rays from sun and transforms it in a diverging beam. So light energy reaching the lens is distributed over a wider area and this affects the intensity perceived, reducing it.
At the same time, outside the frame's shadow, there is direct sunlight with added part of light diverted by the lens. Both contributions sum up to show a brighter lighting.
When you increase the distance between lens and surface below the area interested by the diverging beam increases too and this explains what is shown in your photos.


What does "synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons in equipartition with a ∼1.5 mG magnetic field" mean?

Question: I've heard of the equipartition theorem in the context of thermodynamics.
But I don't understand how either "synchrotron emission" or "relativistic electrons" can be in "equipartition with a ∼1.5 mG magnetic field".
Does it mean that the energy density stored in the magnetic field is equal to (or is equilibrated with) the energy density of the relativistic electrons and/or the synchrotron radiation that they produce?
The phrase is from a block quote in this extensive & thorough answer to Nature and mechanism of the short-term variability in radio strength of Sgr A*? citing F. Yusef-Zadeh (2017) ALMA and VLA observations of emission from the environment of Sgr A*
I see "energy density" half-way through the paragraph below, so I think I may be on the right track, but this is over my head:

4 DISCUSSION
4.1 Low Extinction Millimeter Halo
[...]The millimeter halo is coincident with the X-ray emission around Sgr A*, which is dominated by bremsstrahlung arising from a medium with ne∼150 cm−3 and T∼3×107 K. The bremsstrahlung contribution at 230 GHz, about 0.2 µJy, is negligible. Thermal continuum from dust can also be ruled out because of the halo's extinction deficit of 0.5 magnitudes at H-band relative to its surroundings. The millimeter emission could, however, be produced by synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons in equipartition with a ∼ 1.5 mG magnetic field. The energy density of each of these components would then be ∼ 10% of the thermal energy density of the hot gas, so this is plausible. The luminosity in the mm is $4 \pi d^2 \nu S_{\nu}$ ∼1.4×1033 erg s−1, comparable to the X-ray luminosity, LX ∼1×1033 erg s−1, implying that synchrotron cooling is marginally the dominant cooling mechanism for the gas. The synchrotron cooling time is ∼1000 yr, cf. the hot gas cooling time ∼105 yr, so this requires electron acceleration on this time scale.
Answer: It would mean that the kinetic energy density of the electrons was equal to the energy density of the magnetic field.
Comment: Oh my goodness I've parsed the sentence differently than you, that's the problem! "X from Y in equipartition with Z"  I read it as "X (from Y) in equipartition with Z" but it's "X, from Y *which is* in equipartition with Z". Yes this solves it. *Thanks!*


How to store wort without hops

Question: I forgot to pick up the hops from the homebrew store I was at and have the mashed wort ready to boil but no hops. Are there certain precautions or a certain way to store the unboiled wort until I pick them up tomorrow?
Answer: Just keep it covered and boil again the next day. Hopefully some stray yeast floating around in the air doesn't start things, highly unlikely. Boiling will kill anything that would be floating around in the air. If you lost some volume to evaporation, you can always top up with more water while you are boiling or boiled water after you are done boiling. You should be GTG once you start boiling again.

How to store wort without hops


Difference between timbre and tone and frequency

Question: I understand that a pitch is nothing but a frequency which is wave cycles per second. So if i sing(human voice) a note A(which is 440hz) then why does it sound different that my friend singing the same note? Sameways A sounds differnt on synth than any other other instrument. So sure there is something other than frequency which makes the difference.
My aim here is to understand the technical difference so that i can understand it in my DAW.
Answer: "The frequency" that defines the note is typically the fundamental of a whole sequence of tones emitted by the instrument.  Most instrument never excite a pure tone.  The harmonics of any instrument can be predicted by the physics of the instrument to a good degree using some simple models (more complex modeling if desired), or controlled measurements in a lab.
I would add to your question the following.  Not only do different instruments sound different but the same instrument can sound different if it is attacked differently.  Case in point, the guitar.  Picking closer to the bridge produces a completely different tone compared to picking closer to the finger board.  The short story is that the attack near the bridge excites more harmonics of the string.  Pizzicato sound different from bowed strings.  And the list goes on.  There is a natural sound that the instrument makes based on the physics of the instrument and the quality of materials and craftsmanship.  Beyond that the player is in control of the tone and can alter the tone by altering the attack.  This is the physics of playing.
If you want to learn more about how harmonics are excited and contribute to the overall sound of an instrument I'd recommend anything by Fletcher and Rossing (anything music related), and Physics and the sound of music by Rigden.
On another note, even if you could produce a pure tone using some equipment our ears are non-linear and create aural harmonics that our brain perceives.  So it is likely that no one has ever really experience a pure note.
Answer: Put simply - it's more frequencies! Nearly all instruments, that includes our voices, produce harmonics or partials at the same time as the basic note. It's down mainly to the construction of the instrument along with its material, and often exactly how it's played.
So given that, and the fact that each instrument will produce different levels of different harmonics, the timbre or tone of the same note will differ.
Answer: Because although a PITCH may be defined simply as a frequency, a musical note contains more than pitch.   It will have an attack, abrupt or gradual.  A sustain, long (a bowed violin note) or short (a xylophone hit) A release, again abrupt or gradual.  And that's only a simplification of the 'envelope' aspect of a note!
The sustain portion of the note may have an easily-analysed waveform, a flute tends towards a sinewave, an oboe towards a square wave (and those are gross over-simplifications).   But the (far more chaotic) attack has a lot to do with defining the 'sound' too - as witness a synthesis technique where the attack is sampled, the sustain synthesized.  Although this might have originated from a need to conserve (then) expensive sample memory, it survives as a remarkably useful and controllable strategy.
So it's partly basic freqency (the perceived pitch), partly the attack, partly the volume envelope, partly the waveform of the sustain portion...   and all these are subject to variation and modulation from note to note, and even within one note.  You'll find plenty of waveform pictures for different instruments online, though they tend to concentrate on the sustain portion of a note, which might be the LEAST characteristic part of the instrument's 'sound.
So, it's complicated!


URL/Link to sharepoint members group of subsite used as web template

Question: Is there a simple way to create a link that points to the default "members" group of a subsite? I'm creating a subsite web template and would like to have a link for future site managers that goes directly to the subsite's members group page. Since this is a template a static url to the template's members group won't work. Is there a token or "dummy" url that always points to the default member group for a site?
Answer: The webPart Social Collaboration > Site Users lists all Users and Groups with access to the site.
You can not filter display so forces you into good governance on access.
You can set the WebPart to display all users in the Members group, that will include an 'Add new user link'
Comment: Yeah, I have that one in place already, but I would like to create an easy link to the page for that group. I know it is only a few clicks to get to the full groups page but some of the end users for these sites won't be super familiar with Sharepoint. If possible I would like to link straight to the site's member group page so that users can add/remove people from the group or send messages to group members.
Comment: You can add JSOM or a REST call to get the *RoleAssignments* and proces and display them with some JavaScript code
Answer: Looks like the link {site}/_layouts/15/people.aspx will automatically redirect you to the members group, i.e. append the correct ID using the query parameter  ?MembershipGroupId=XYZ


What is the definition of: 'commodity space'?

Question: I have seen the concept of commodity space being used multiple times in economics, in particular within microeconomics, but I could not find a general definition of it.
Based on the examples that I have seen, I would guess that it is a vector-space of n-dimensions, in which every dimension coincides with one specific commodity. Furthermore, n is equivalent to the cardinality of the set of commodities.
Is this understanding correct? Is there even a universal understanding of a commodity space?
Answer: Yes, a commodity space is the set of all possible commodity bundles. The simplest Micro 101 example is typically the nonnegative quadrant of $\mathbb{R}^2$, but in general equilibrium theory it is often assumed to be infinite-dimensional since there are infinitely many commodities (each good is differentiated by time and space, etc.).
Comment: Well, it's $\mathbb{R}^n_+$, which is a set and is endowed with the operations of addition between pairs of its elements and multiplication of its elements with real numbers (usually non-negative ones). So, it's a vector space over the reals (or to be precise, a subset of the vector space $\mathbb{R}^n$ with addition and scalar multiplication). Moreover, it is usually also endowed with the Euclidean norm and so, it is a normed space. The way authors view it depends on where they want to focus their attention.
Comment: You write "yes" (i.e. it is a vector-space), but then you immidiatly call it a set. I can see both concepts ultimately describing the same thing, but I would just really like to have a concrete defintion, instead of just a general understanding. So, is it a vector space, a set or something else?
Comment: Thank you, I get it now.
Answer: I'll add just one caveat to the answers and comments already posted:
Vast majority of economists do no treat commodities as vectors as we define in physics. It is simply because there is no way to interpret the "direction" of a commodity bundle! So you should rather imagine elements of the commodity space to be simply columns of numbers denoting the quantity of each commodity.
So while all the addition and operations do work usual, we do not use the parallelogram law to determine the direction of the new vector.
P.S: You May come across a few papers that explicitly use directions, but they are very very few in number.
Comment: Thanks, good to know!


Sync audio - image production recording and avoiding the use of "Plural Eyes"

Question: In order to do this, I'm assuming it requires the clocks on the camera to be accurate, record keeping of time codes of the camera but a zoom does not have a time code so how do you match the two together.
Answer: Clap your hands in front of the cameras and tab to transient to put it into the ballpark and then nudge it around until it either phase cancels or gets to where you want it.
It's pretty simple. If I'm given a speech at a podium to mix that is out of sync or someone shuffle-deleted on my dialogue track and it's way past the levels of undo to fix, I look for words that start with P or B and find the frame where the speaker's lip closes, put a marker, and then I put a sync point exactly where the P or B word starts in the audio, and then shift-cntrl-click and it's pretty close - then I nudge for perfection.
I've never used Plural Eyes but I just watched their promo video on the website and it actually looks like it would save a lot of time.
But isn't it more for video editors rather than audio?
Comment: Yeah its more of a video editor thing, I just have the project after it was already Plural Eyed and it is mushy and needs nourishment.
Comment: Ah - well, find a common sound and put sync points and sync them up relative to the video (hopefully there is at least one track synced with the video).
Comment: Even the guide tracks' a mess
Comment: Sorry to hear that. Wish I could be of more help.
Comment: Puraleyes has saved our production house endless hours of sync for picture editing. While it isn't perfect, for situations that you cannot get a clap for sync but have a guide track, it is a godsend. That being said, for proper production workflow, always try to have at least a clap and if you have the budget or working on a big job, then timecode jamming will make the post-house happy.
Answer: If you are doing narrative filmmaking, use a clapboard slate and sync the frame where the slate closes with the sound of the slate closing.
If you are editing multiple sound files of the same event, find a percussive moment they have in common and use that as a reference. A hard consonant, the first snare drum hit of the song, etc.


Submitt transaction with custome fee

Question: I like to doing to submit every new transaction with user specific fee. I don't see any valid documentation for achieve it using RPC call. Give any suggestion.
Thankyou
Comment: Can you provide additional details as to what exactly you are trying to achieve?
Comment: Hi.. I try to setup a bitcoin web based wallet. I planning to setup a full node on cloud and do the wallet operation by using RPC call. I need to setup a user choosing fee for every withdrawal transaction. How to achieve it..??
Comment: Fees = inputs - outputs. You can just adjust how much the user is allowed to spend in the outputs when they are consuming their UTXO.
Comment: Any way are available to calculate the exact fee before sending transaction...???
Answer: Every transaction references input UTXOs (also called VOUTs) as VINs and outputs bitcoins to certain addresses. The input value, in bitcoins, is summed up. This sum is the maximum amount that can be allocated to outputs, but does not need to (and usually is not) what is completely allocated to outputs.
Usually, the sum of outputs is slightly less than the sum of inputs. In Bitcoin, the difference between these two is paid to the coinbase address of the block that the transaction is included in.
Most likely, your client uses the "change address" paradigm. From your HD wallet, a new key pair and address are derived. This new address serves as a change address. You specify how much bitcoins you want to spend to an output(s), the remaining amount is then calculated from the subtraction of all the specified output amounts. This remaining amount is then subtracted further, using a fee estimate. The final value is paid to that change address, which you control. The fee estimate then becomes what is paid to the miner. All of these operations are automated by your wallet client, so you normally don't need to fiddle with these change addresses. However, it can be customized.
Following this logic, all you need to do to customize your fee is to increase/decrease the number of bitcoins sent to your change address. The higher the number, the smaller the fee, and vice versa. After calculating all these parameters, you can then create a custom transaction, serialize it (createrawtransaction), sign it (signrawtransaction), and broadcast it.
Comment: Thanks for answering. Any documentation or any formula is available to calculate the fee...???

Submitt transaction with custome fee


Weighted SAT: is this a known problem?

Question: Given an arbitrary SAT instance, I would like to find the solution with the minimum weight. The weight of a valid assignment is computed using a function.
Is this a known problem or are there other problems that I can reduce this one to?
Comment: What's the function?  The answer will depend upon what your objective function looks like.
Comment: Plus, do not use "weight" for the name  of your function, as the weight of a binary assignment is commonly used to refer to its number of ones. "score" would be more adequate.
Answer: If the function is linear, then you can reduce to MaxSAT. Then there are some related formalisms like pseudo-boolean optimizatin (PBO) or integer linear programming (ILP).
Answer: This problem is obviously as difficult as SAT itself (for instance for a function that assigns each solution weight $0$) but I suppose it can, for general function $f$ behave differently from SAT. Namely it can still be difficult even if the underlying SAT problem has sufficiently large number of solutions to make it easy to solve.
Do you perhaps have more information about the function that defines the cost of the solution? The question in the present form does not seem sensible.
Answer: In general, since the instance may have no solution at all, the problem is not too meaningful (or if you want to find the minimum weight solution if one exists and fail otherwise, then the problem becomes at least as hard as SAT itself).
Therefore, you may want to impose restrictions to ensure that 1) a solution always exists, and 2) smaller weight solutions are harder to find than those with larger weight.
One such restriction would be to not allow negations in the instance. In this case, the all-ones assignment is always trivially satisfying and more generally we will have a monotone structure in the solution space (so that flipping variables from 0 to 1 will keep a satisfying assignment feasible). In this case, it is easy to see that the problem of finding minimum-weight satisfying assignment for SAT (with $n$ variables and $m$ clauses) becomes equivalent to the minimum set-cover problem (with universe size $m$ and $n$ sets). Namely, the $i$th element of the universe belongs to the $j$th set in the set-cover instance iff the $i$th clause in the SAT instance contains the $j$th variable. If you restrict yourself to the special case of 2-SAT, the problem becomes equivalent to minimum vertex cover, and in general for $k$-SAT the problem would be equivalent to minimum $k$-uniform hypergraph vertex cover.
Answer: SAT can be converted to Independent Set. Weighted independent set is a well studied problem.
A Note on the Approximation of a Minimum Weight Maximal Independent Set

Weighted SAT: is this a known problem?


Combine Zuhr and Asr when late for Zuhr?

Question: If I'm late for Zuhr prayer, can I combine it with Asr or must I pray the Zuhr separately from the Asr?
Answer: You may say Zuhr and Asr prayer togather and also Maghrib and Esha togather to avoid unnecessary hardship

Ibn 'Abbas reported:

"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) observed the noon and afternoon prayers together, and the sunset and Isha' prayers together without being in a state of fear or in a state of journey." -Saheeh Muslim

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon Him) did this so that there will be no unnecessary hardship.
[Copied From another answer] Courtesy to Al Ummat مجاهد ♦

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

"Whoever joins two Prayers together without a legal excuse, he then commits a major sin."
Source [Reported by At-Tirmidhi and AI-Hakim]  Note: Sheikh Al Albany graded it as Da'eef Jidaa (ضعيف جدا) i.e very weak.

You can't say two Salaat together if you don't have a proper reason. It is best to say your prayers in time.

Imaam Ahmad said that the one who does not pray because of laziness is a kaafir. (Al-Sharh al-Mumti' 'ala Zaad al-Mustanqi', 2/26).Source

Anas ibn Maalik said:

"The Messenger of Allah(saw) said: 'If one of you sleeps and misses a prayer, or forgets it, then let him pray it as soon as he remembers, because Allah(swt) says (interpretation of the meaning): '… and perform al-salaah for My remembrance.' [Ta-Ha 20:14]" (Reported by Muslim).
Source

Delaying the prayer intentionaly:
Many workers delay Zuhr and Asr Prayer till night-time. Quran speaks strictly on guarding our Salat:

"Guard strictly (five obligatory) As-Salawat (the prayers) especially the middle Salat >(i.e. Asr Prayers)"
[The Holy Quran, 2:238]

There are Fiqh-us-Sunnah about combining two prayers under certain circumstances:

Combining the salah at 'Arafa and al-Muzdalifah
Combining the salah during traveling
Combining two prayers during rain
Combining the two prayers due to some illness or other excuse
Combining two prayers due to some pressing need

And many more.... detailed informations:
Fiqh-us-Sunnah, Volume 2: Combining two prayers
Praying on Time is Just as Important
COMBINING THE TWO PRAYERS
Comment: +1 nice answer, but just a **Note**: The first hadith in your answer is inauthentic (very weak in authenticity).
Comment: @ImtiazMahbubKhan It is best to discard that which is inauthentic (weak, fabricated etc...) and keep to the authentic Ahadith.  Furthermore the following of any hadith whatever it is whether someone believes it is sunnah or carries sunnah while disregarding it's strength/authenticity (Saheeh, Hasan, etc... ) is not of the sunnah in of itself.  I suggest to check the introduction of Asilsilah Ada'eefah by Al Albany.
Comment: @AlUmmat: how do you know? So does it mean we can combine two prayers together without any reason?
Comment: @Noah Sheikh Al Albany graded it as Da'eef Jidaa (ضعيف جدا) i.e very weak, or in other words inauthentic (see Jami'i Tirmidhy by Al Albany).  And I do not mean to combine, what I mean is it is ok to like pray prayers together like if you want to pray Dhur and Asr together then you can.
Comment: al-islam.org is a shia website.
As for themodernreligion.com, " its deviant Sufi teachings are not evident in the initial pages."- see video description at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYymaMrcZUA .
Comment: @everyone A Sunnah is a Sunnah. can we omit any Sunnah if it's source is week? What if it's correct? I don't know about you, but I can't risk discarding anything our Prophet (SM.) said as long as it doesn't collide with Al-Qur'an.
Answer: You may (it is permissible to) pray Dhur and Asr together even if you are not on travel.  You can also pray Maghrib and Isha' together if you wish even if you are not traveling.

The Prophet used to make Dhur and asr together, and Maghrib and Isha'
Together in Madinah when there was no danger, rain, or travel.
Saheeh Muslim

And that is by making Dhuhr and Asr together, making it eight Rak'at, and making Maghrib and Isha' together making it seven Rak'ats, source.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon Him) did this so that there will be no unnecessary hardship.
For further reading see this (it is in Arabic).
Comment: that hadith does not say anything about what prayer it is 7 or 8 rakaats
Comment: @qdinar no prayer is 7 or 8 7 and 8 are the sum of raka'at of the two prayers you are combining/joining
Comment: @Medi1Saif i mean, it can be about nafil prayer.
Comment: @qdinar no it clearly isn't, based on the clear text of the hadith the speech is only about the fard prayers.
Comment: @Medi1Saif "The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed seven rak'at together and eight rak`at together." - where? but i have found a text above arabic text where seems Gata says that it is about magrib and isha.
Answer: Combining Zuhr Asr doesn't mean that you pray 8 rakaat together in one go but it means that we finish 4 rakaat Zuhr first then we start 4 rakaat of Asr.
Muslims also combine the prayers on Hajj.
It is a relaxation given by the islam and prophet p.b.u.h. so why not avail it.
Answer: i think,
if you mean that you are out of the time of zuhr, then you cannot combine them, you should make kaza of zuhr.
if you meant that you are just close to end of zuhr time but inside of it, then, i tend to think that you can pray zuhr, than wait for beginning of asr, and pray asr, and it is named combining of prayers , as far as i know.
Answer: I was taught that the prophet (saw) would pray Thur at its latis, or before the shadows become double lighth,and then would get up and pray the asr right behind it,so right before Thur go's out and asr is coming in,so there would be a pause in-between, this is the understand I got,how can you pray asr salat if its not in,and ALLAH knows best!


What does Apple mean by "This may decrease battery life"?

Question: Does it mean that my battery will "lose capacity" over the years (months?) or that it will just uncharge faster because it's consuming more energy?
Answer: Both, one directly from using more power, the other indirectly from deeper discharges (for the same time off AC power) and/or running hotter while plugged in and sitting at full charge.
Using more power will shorten the max time you can use it during one discharge starting at full, ending when the laptop powers itself off.
If you plug it back in before then, then saving power will mean that discharge cycle wasn't quite as deep.

Every charge/discharge cycle has a small cumulative impact on the available capacity of a Li-ion battery.  (I think that's approximately true).  The deeper the discharge, the bigger the impact.  Bouncing around multiple times between 60 and 80% is probably better for a battery than discharge from 100 to 10% and then back up to 100%.  Also sitting around at full charge, especially at high temperature, is harmful to capacity, so laptops that spend all their life plugged in can still wear out their battery.
Also keep in mind that the meaning of "100%" and "0%" is set by the battery controller electronics.  If a Li-ion cell ever literally discharges all the way (like with a resistor across the terminals), it can never be safely charged again: it's at high risk of catching fire if you did charge it.  So the laptop electronics shut off the laptop before that happens, making the actual "0%" safely far from chemically fully discharged.
See https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_prolong_lithium_based_batteries and other things you can google for more info about modern lithium batteries, and how spurs of lithium metal can form that reduce useful capacity.  I think there can be some cases where a charge/discharge cycle can restore some life to a battery, but probably not a super-deep discharge.
Comment: I think what they mean is you'll run out of charge sooner. Yes, batteries degrade faster if you use them more. No, that's probably not what Apple meant.
Comment: @immibis: Agreed, I think what Apple intended is only the direct effect of "emptying the tank" faster, not possible wear and tear effects.
Answer: Batteries are consumable and have a finite lifetime, so you get the longest life if you can postpone the time it takes to get to 1000 full discharge and charge cycles. Most Macs will never reach that design goal in 3-4 years except if you exhaust the charge daily.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201585

If you need to always run hot, then you can probably afford $150 every 1000 cycles so it's NBD but Apple likely wants to be sure you question the need for that setting to blaze through power at the high consumption rate with the powerful GPU engaged.
Hopefully it's obvious you empty your tank faster from full to empty as well when you tick that option.
Answer: Your laptop's discrete GPU ("high-performance graphics") uses more power than the integrated GPU. When automatic graphics switching is disabled, your computer will always use the discrete GPU, instead of switching to the integrated GPU when possible. This will make your computer use more power, so it will run for less time on battery, and thus the option will "decrease battery life".
The wording is a little ambiguous, but it isn't meant to imply any sort of lasting damage to the battery.
Answer: The message simply means that the MacBook's battery charge won't be used in the most optimized manner and it will lose charger quicker thereby reducing battery backup (life).
Batteries have a finite lifetime before which they start losing charge holding capacity. Thus, quicker discharge will lead to cycles getting consumed quickly thereby reducing effective lifetime. Thus the message could be indirectly inferred to mean that battery life will be reduced.


Fabric to be used for cheesecloth

Question: I want to make my own cheesecloth as to aid the make of Paneer. Is there any type of fabric I should avoid or any other pitfalls to avoid? Can I use just general cotton and will this be effective in letting the whey drip out of the curds?
Comment: This is like asking "what fruit can I use to make apples?" Cheesecloth *is* a type of fabric, specifically a loose-woven, untreated fabric suitable for straining foods. If you don't have any cheesecloth, you can make do with similar fabrics, like a gauze, but that doesn't mean that you've *made* cheesecloth.
Comment: cotton, but you want something with a loose weave (not so tight that water won't pass through it easily).  I'd probably look at muslin or bleached muslin, as those would work, and they're normally pretty cheap.
Answer: The problem with buying tailoring fabric for food use is that sometimes such fabric is treated. Many treatments are not especially problematic (for example starch), but there are others - there is a method for making shirt fabric wrinkle-free which uses formaldehyde.
It is the best to buy real cheesecloth, created for this purpose. The second best option is to buy uncolored organic fabric, it's seldom treated. If you can get neither, a tea towel is also a good option. It's supposed to be used in food settings, cheap, and does not have to have any special features as cloth, so it's unlikely that it's treated. Its dye is probably also quite leak-prone, as tea towels should be able to be washed at very high temperature. But still, if you can find white (or even better, unbleached) towels, they'll be best, because textile dyes can be toxic themselves.
If you really have to get it in a fabric store, go for pure cotton. (Flax should work, but it's unnecessarily expensive). You need it in plain weave, no twill, satin or anything else. And somewhat loose weave is indeed best, as Joe already mentioned. It should be fairly thin, too. "Standard" muslin will probably work more or less, but not as good as regular cheesecloth, as it's a bit too tightly woven.
Another option is to find out if somebody can sell you gauze meant for dressing wounds. It is loose enough, and untreated. It will allow you to make somewhat soft paneer. If you want to press yours very firm, gauze will probably tear. It is also probably not so easy to find, as nowadays there are other products used for wound dressing.
Answer: I use cloth diapers. The old-fasioned kind, without print (and never used for the original purpose, of course). They are pure cotton, can be boiled and are just the right balance between density and looseness. Pretty cheap, too.
I prefer their square shape over rectangular tea towels when it comes to tying the corners to filter/press something.
Basically cheesecloth by another name.
Edit:
Here is a link where these cloth diapers are used for paneer (recipe in german).
Comment: Diapers that resemble cheesecloth would be singularly useless as diapers, and cheesecloth that resembles a diaper would also be quite useless as a filtering mechanism. I mean, you can't get more diametrically opposed as far as intended purpose than a diaper and a cheesecloth.
Comment: You do realize that the old cloth diapers (muslin nappies) were folded multiple times before use? And were basically thin squares of cloth? One was folded as triangle and wrapped around baby's butt, holding one or two more diapers (folded) as absorbent layer in place. Please don't confuse them with modern diapers, fabric or disposable (the "modern" cloth diapers mimic the disposable ones).
Comment: I've used cloth diapers. Yes, the kind you fold multiple times. Even as a single layer, the fabric used would make absolutely crappy cheesecloth (pun fully intended). Nappies need soft, absorbent fabric, which --like I said-- is exactly the opposite of what you need for cheesecloth.
Comment: Strange. Perhaps the cloth diapers where you live are different? I still remember my great-grandmother using these diapers for cheese making. I bought mine a few years ago.
Comment: @Marti I'm not sure that the purpose is so diametrically opposed. What you want in cheesemaking is something which will a) apply even pressure on the cheese from all sides, and b) allow whey to go away from the cheese. Now, the diaper may absorb more of the extra whey, while the cheesecloth will allow more to flow out, but the whole point is that the cheese isn't kept sloshing in whey, just like the baby bottom isn't kept sloshing in urine.
Answer: Use a handkerchief! :) This works well!
Answer: Re-inventing the wheel is not always wise. Unless you place no value whatsoever on your time, you can't beat the cost of cheesecloth. You can get it at Walmart for less than a dollar a yard.
If you're hellbent on making your own, you will need to craft a loom. Use firring strips to make a frame in the desired size. Place headless nails at evenly spaced intervals. Craft a fine toothed comb from wood. Get 100% cotton thread and get weaving (you'll be able to find all the info you need on warping your loom by googling). Off the top of my head, I think you'll pay more for the thread than you would for already woven cheesecloth but, if this is what you want to do, go for it!
Comment: In my area they where exceptionally hard to come by.

Fabric to be used for cheesecloth


If iPhones/iPads don't support Flash, how do they play YouTube?

Question: Which technology do iPhones and iPads use to play YouTube without supporting Flash?
Answer: They use a format called H.264. YouTube and other video sites deliver content in this format also (so that their videos are viewable on iPad/iPod touch).
One advantage of H.264 is that hardware based encoding/decoding can be used.
See also Steve Jobs's Thoughts on Flash
H.264 is one of the formats for video support in the latest version of HTML, HTML 5. Apple supports this in Safari and Google in Chrome*.
*Google recently announced that it will no longer support H.264 in the future versions of Chrome.
Because of this H.264 is kind of hot of late. See these articles.
Comment: For a bit of history, Apple and Google partnered up when the first generation AppleTV was introduced; that device also plays YouTube over H.264.
Comment: That is correct! question can you browse youtube with html5 enabled? http://www.youtube.com/html5 ?
Comment: Flash can be hardware accelerated as well, it's not just h.264
Comment: @Fake Name, was not aware that flash can be h/w accelarated. Will read on this...
Comment: Flash is GPU accelerated in the last few months (for Mac). Flash has been GPU accelerated in Windows for maybe a year? Flash can be hardware accelerated, except *no one has put it on a chip in a mobile device*. Where practically everyone has a h.264 and mpeg audio (MP3+AAC) hardware decoder on chip already.
Comment: @Nivas - What VxJasonxV said. Flash hardware acceleration is not very widely deployed. I expect it will *eventually* be GPU accelerated on mobiles, but it's not there yet. HW accell is pretty much only on the PC platform as of yet.
Comment: Note that **H.264 is not an open standard**. In ["Thoughts on Flash"](http://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughts-on-flash/) Steve Jobs mentions that he "strongly believes that all standards pertaining to the web should be open." As such, the Chrome team has [decided to drop support](http://blog.chromium.org/2011/01/html-video-codec-support-in-chrome.html) for H.264 soon and go with the open standards **[WebM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webm)** and **Theora**. Using an extensions such as [ClickToPlugin](http://hoyois.github.com/safariextensions/clicktoplugin/) already allows to use WebM in YouTb.
Answer: Nivas said all there's to know about H.264, the format used by YouTube to stream video. But that's how the video is encoded and decoded and it's used by flash, iOS (iPhone operating system) and HTML5.
The real difference is how the request for the video is done. In a nutshell, iPhone requests it the same way HTML5 and Flash do but grab the answer from youtube and plays it elsewhere instead of the browser or flash.
On a desktop, when you get to youtube.com it identifies you're on a desktop browser, because the browser informs YouTube about it. Then YouTube points you to the Flash version and all its code is already programmed to play the video in its own way. That also envolves HTML and H.264. So picture the path a byte of the video do from YouTube files to your screen. It'd be something like this:

YouTube streaming server -> your browser -> Flash -> screen.

When you point your browser to the HTML5 version of YouTube, the code in there just expects your browser will be able to play it using no Flash. So the video byte path would be:

YouTube streaming server -> your browser -> screen

It's funny how simple it is to think about it now, but HTML4 never had any code to communicate "play video" on its own, and no browser were expected to be able to do so. So HTML5-enabled browsers actually are video players on their own as well.
Both that new browser and Flash have basically the same source code to be able to decode H.264 and both need the codec to be available from the operating system. But each one have their own implementation of it.
On iOS, whenever it identifies "YouTube" while you're browsing, it looks for either code, HTML5 or Flash embedded, grabs the video reference from that code and just ask YouTube for the video directly. Much the very same way HTML5 does. But instead to play it within the browser, it calls an iOS API to play it from the video player. So the video byte path is:

YouTube streaming server -> iOS video player -> screen

Of course, there's a whole lot more beyond that, but those are the basic concepts. So the technology iPhone uses is all the same and practically transparent to YouTube servers.
Answer: YouTube also has HTML5 players - they recently changed their embed code to an iframed method which allows HTML5 and Flash to be shown depending on your browser setup, which the iPhone supports.
Essentially, the Flash player is a way of playing a video file, so the file is available in a readable format (as Nivas was saying) that the iPhone/iPad can open in its media player.
Soundcloud also works on the iPhone, which I think is down to HTML5.
Comment: This doesn't answer the question, nor is it at all related. "HTML5" is not the answer, because the built in YouTube application isn't "HTML5", for example.
Answer: When you upload a video on Youtube, it is converted into multiples formats, sizes and codec (not only FLV/VP6 flash video!).
Doing this, Youtube can serve you the best compatible option when you request a video depending the application / web browser (mobile or not) / bandwidth you have.
Answer: What does H.264 encoding technology to do with Adobe Flash and applications for embedding content?
H.264 is a protocol codec. This means you use this protocol for "creating" a movie. Once you have the movie, you need an application for playing the movie.
This is what Adobe Flash does (and many other applications).
See the Wikipedia page for more information.
What mr andyface says make much more sense. So I suppose Safari supports HTML5.
Comment: Protocols and codecs are two very different things. A protocol is a communication method, codec stands for Compressor/Decompressor. HTTP is a protocol, H.264 is a codec.
Comment: yes and no, you are talking about network communication protocols, but :
"A protocol is a set of guidelines or rules"
So, a CODEC is a subset of a protocol


FirePHP on Apache2 cause 502 error

Question: I've got a problem with FirePHP.
FirePHP doesn't work anymore on my Server (Debian 6 Squeeze with Apache2).
When I am loading my site in my Firefox with FirePHP enabled, I receive an 502 error and an error message from my hoster Hetzner, which says 'request or response is too long'.
Wenn I am loading the same site with Firebug enabled an FirePHP disabled, the site works perfect.
The problem seems that the header, which FirePHP creates is too big.
Due to my research this problem is more come with nginx servers.
Nevertheless I tried to increase the header size of my apache with the following config:
<code>LimitRequestFieldSize 32760
LimitRequestLine 32760
LimitRequestFields 32760
</code>
But without success!
Of course, I restarted the apache and the varnish too, I cleaned the cache. Nothing helped.
At first I thought this might by cause by a programming mistake of myself in our site on the development stage.
But the testing stage, which is running on the same server and on the same apache doesn't work, too.
However the same site is working fine on my local server installation.
So it seems to be an server problem.
That's interesting cause I didn't changed the config and the error accrued the first time on Monday morning.
On Sunday FirePHP worked fine.
Seriously I running out of ideas! If anyone has an idea, I will be very thankful.
Thx in advance!
Michael
Answer: By default Varnish has a sess_workspace size of 64K, and your entire HTTP header must fit in this.  I'd suggest increasing that if your headers are very large.
Comment: Yeah!You've made my day! I've just added -p sess_workspace=262144 as a startup parameter for varnish and now I works! Thx a lot!

FirePHP on Apache2 cause 502 error


Is Bitcoin still uncontrolled with all those mining pools?

Question: It is always stated that Bitcoin is uncontrolled and it does not make sense to cheat and double-spend because you will need more computing power than everyone else combined. Isn't that changed with mining pools? I can see top biggest mining pools controlling 75% of computing power. If they are in agreement, can't they (by "they" I mean pool managers) cheat on almost every transaction? Aren't pools becoming kind of uncontrolled authority in Bitcoin community, what is controlling them?
Comment: Possible duplicate of [Do mining pools centralize the Bitcoin network and make it less secure?](http://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/312/do-mining-pools-centralize-the-bitcoin-network-and-make-it-less-secure)
Answer: To an extent yes. It's bad that mining pools are so big and fairly concentrated. Work is being done to try to alleviate this.
A few points limit the threat though:

The amount of harm miners can do is limited. They can't outright steal money, or create more money out of thin air. The damage would be in the order of double spending (resolution: wait for more confirmations) or censoring transactions (which a miner doesn't really have an incentive to do unless paid a lot by someone else or forced by law).
Individual miners can switch (they have in the past) to other pools if the pool operator goes rogue.
Pool operators would be digging their own graves if they do evil things: the Bitcoin price would plummet, costing them a lot of money and lost investment.
As a final resolve, when things turn really ugly, Bitcoin could change the proof of work algorithm, making ALL mining equipment obsolete. Miners are basically hired by the Bitcoin network to do some work, if they perform poorly they can get fired.

So, although far from ideal, there still are incentives to keep miners honest and rules that limit their dishonesty.
Comment: At some level of centralization I would say that censorship would be a big problem. If we get to a point that Bitcoin is sufficiently important that a merchant can't choose to not accept it, miners could start doing things like blocking transactions to competitors, political opponents, activists, ... removing the monetery independence that Bitcoin could bring.
Comment: Thanks Jannes , great answer. Please could you comment on "Work is being done to try to alleviate this"?.

- and I agree with Pieter Wuille.. I'm afraid it can become somewhat centralized like any other currency.
Comment: Absolutely, I agree with Pieter too. And with the need to try to get things more decentralized. Work being done is for example all kinds of ideas to optimize the block propagation time (which is an important cause for the slight benefit large pools have over small pools) and not blindly raising the block limit. www.scalingbitcoin.org


Undercooked Quiche

Question: Baking a deep Quiche. I blind baked the pastry, and pre-cooked the chopped bacon, then added my fillings to the pastry.                                                                       Cookbooks all say cook for 40mins at 140Fan.                                                      Not a chance.                                                                                It was too soggy, and took over 100mins at 140! On completion it still looked a lot squishy in the middle, and the under-pastry had a slightly 'soggy bottom'. The next day it had all solidified and scrummy, yet tasted 'slightly' undercooked.                                                    My question is - when I initially cooked it should I raise the temperature to say 160Fan?, or should I lengthen the cooking time? or both?
Comment: Hi, and welcome to SA! Have a look at the [Tour](https://cooking.stackexchange.com/tour) and [Help Center](https://cooking.stackexchange.com/help), especially the guidance on [how to ask a good question](https://cooking.stackexchange.com/help/how-to-ask) when you get a chance. Could you provide us with more detail on the recipe you used, and whether (for example) you deviated from the cookbook instructions at any point?
Comment: @moscafj I think OP is British and did use Celsius. It says 140 fan, not 140F.
Comment: Quiche is like cake, where if you double the recipe, you're going to have problems: https://cooking.stackexchange.com/a/27516/67 .  If you can increase the pan size so the thickness stays the same, you *might* be okay.
Comment: I also assume we're speaking about Celsius ;) In which kind of vessel (thick, thin...) are you baking your quiche and at which level of the oven? If in that very oven you experienced a soggy bottom, try to put your dish in contact with the oven floor or on a rack at the lowest level. Have you tried to have a less liquid filling? You said you pre-cooked your bacon but was it dry enough?
Comment: Some answers - Did I deviate from the receipe? Yes I did. I take a receipe, cook the item, then adapt and fine tune it to my requirements. Type of vessel? A deep, 9.5in, fluted, loose bottom, metal quiche pan which was stood on a metal tray. The amount of liquid is exactly the required amount to fill the dish. The pre-cooked diced bacon [with onions] was dried on kitchen roll before adding it to the pan. I like the suggestion from David P about putting the quiche at the bottom of the oven, and it makes me think about the metal tray now, and whether it was taking some of the heat away. Hmmmm
Answer: If I understand correctly, you tried to cook your quiche at 140°F, ie 60°C? That's way too low and would explain why it never cooked properly. Even if that was a typo and you cooked it at 140°C the temperature would be too low.
There isn't unfortunately a unique perfect way to cook a quiche, but generally the recipes will advise you about 45-50 min at 180°C or 30-40 min between 200 and 220°C. Then it's up to you to find the best method according to your oven, the thickness of your crust and the ingredients you add to your quiche. If you add watery elements to your quiche like vegetables, you will need to cook it longer because the water they contain will wet the crust and make it longer to cook.
A good way to improve the cooking is to "poke" (how do you say in English?) your crust with a fork before adding the ingredients, that will allow the excess humidity to escape (it's clearer in this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMaOd5f6H4Q).
To absorb this extra humidity when you use watery elements in your quiche, you can add some almond powder at the bottom to absorb it (it won't alter the taste unless you really add a lot - I tried a lot once with a spinach quiche and it's actually pretty good!).
But the best way to avoid this issue when cooking quiches and pies is simply to use a transparent recipient, like this you can easily control how cooked the bottom is!

Undercooked Quiche