In Star Trek reboot, is Khan from the 20th century?

Question: In TOS, Khan is from the 20th century, rules a significant area of Earth for a while, and then leaves Earth at the end of that century.  Is that still the case in Star Trek Into Darkness?  If so, is the reboot occurring in an alternative timeline from our own (since we obviously have not yet seen a Khan dynasty)?
Comment: In the reboot, Khan is from the Villains-for-Hire staffing agency in San Francisco. In modern movie-making, plots don't have to make sense because "Hey, f#$#$ you science fiction nerds!". They even kill Kirk, but thankfully get ahold of Shatner's blood which brings him back to life.
Comment: possible duplicate of [Why does Carol Marcus not recognize Khan in The Wrath of Khan?](http://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/36272/why-does-carol-marcus-not-recognize-khan-in-the-wrath-of-khan)
Comment: @phantom42 I don't think it's a duplicate -- the Carol Marcus question focusses on the alternate timeline created by the events in "Star Trek" (first reboot film), etc.  This question focusses on the origin timeline of Khan and whether this indicates that the reboot (before first reboot film's events) was _already_ in an alternate timeline.
Comment: possible duplicate of [In Star Trek (2009), Did the Original Timeline Survive?](http://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/10862/in-star-trek-2009-did-the-original-timeline-survive)
Answer: I think it was a blunder on the part of the writers or something because it was stated that they were frozen for over 300 years... That would mean that Khan and his crew were from the year 1959... In the original series he ruled much of Earth in the 1990s, so it's impossible for Khan to be the same as the original one.
It is most definitely an alternate universe than our own, just like it's an alternate universe of the main Star Trek universe.
As shown in the wikipedia for Khan it states this...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Noonien_Singh

In Star Trek Into Darkness, set in the alternate continuity
  established in Star Trek (2009), Khan is awakened almost a decade
  before the events of "Space Seed". Khan is given the false identity
  "John Harrison" and coerced by Admiral Marcus into building weapons
  for Starfleet in exchange for the lives of Khan's crew. He ultimately
  rebels and comes into conflict with the crew of the Enterprise.

If we are led to believe that new movies are just set in a divergent timeline then Khan's origins would have stayed the same.  It's more reasonable to believe that this new Star Trek is an alternate universe / alternate continuity as whole not just starting from the point where Kirk's father was killed.
Comment: Regarding the "300 years" versus "263 years", it could simply be that Admiral Marcus wasn't a huge history buff and rounded the years to the nearest 100.
Comment: But wasn't the divergence between the original and alternate timelines caused when the Kelvin is destroyed by the time-travelling Narada - so events prior to 2233 would be unchanged (including Khan's history).
Comment: @DoctorWho22 is correct. Abrams, as is par for the course with him, just threw some half-remembered tripe at the audience without even bothering to do a simple *Wiki* search, or, you know, **watch Space Seed** beforehand.
Comment: @HorusKol is correct, see [In Star Trek (2009), Did the Original Timeline Survive?](http://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/10862/in-star-trek-2009-did-the-original-timeline-survive)
Comment: Problem with this is if that was the case then in Khan would not have been in stasis for 300 hundred years.  His origins would have remained the same as it was in the other movie.
Answer: The movie never said that they were in stasis for 300 years. It just said that Khan was 300 years old. This is consistent with the original backstory. As said above, events prior to 2233 would be unchanged by the divergence of the timeline. The inconsistency between Khan's backstory and real life DOES indicate that Star Trek doesn't take place in our future. But we know from the writers that the Abrams universe was NOT already an alternate timeline ( in the sense of being alternate to the Prime ) before the Narada showed up in 2233. This is fully reasonable and consistent with what we see on screen. Abrams also clearly watched Space Seed since he preserved the exact number of Khan's crew that survived as seen in the episode.
Comment: Either watched it, or simply referred to _Memory Alpha_... :P
Answer: Yes, the reboot is in another timeline from ours.
In the comic that @BCdotWEB references Khan is shown to be a teenager in 1972. He is kidnapped by some shadowy organisation from the streets of New Delhi and taken to a secret facility for genetic experimentation. In 1985 Khan and the other genetically enhanced children escape, killing their captors/jailors. On 17 September 1992 they do this.

This hasn't happened in our timeline so the ST reboot is not in our timeline. So the wormhole that transported Nero and Old Spock did not only displace them in time but also to another timeline.
Answer: There is an official comic for the origins of Khan which detail his past:

Witness the shocking origin of Khan Noonien Singh from his earliest
  years through his rise to power during the epic Eugenics Wars! Behold
  the events that led to his escape from Earth aboard the Botany Bay!
  Learn the truth behind his re-awakening by Admiral Marcus and Section
  31! It's the origin of Star Trek's greatest villain!

You can read a summary of those events on the Wikia page for Khan Noonien Singh (alternate reality):

He was born in 1970. His mother was Doctor Sarina Kaur, the director
  of the Chrysalis Project from its foundation until her death on May
  18, 1974. (TOS novel: The Rise and Fall of Khan Noonien Singh, Volume
  1)
In 1971, Khan was living on the streets of New Delhi with one leg. He
  was then taken by men working for Dr. Heisen as part of his Eugenics
  project. In 1972, after displaying his fury, Khan was given a new leg
  and met with Dr. Heisen. There Heisen taught him how to unlock all the
  knowledge of the world. For the next 7 years, Khan and other students,
  underwent extensive mental, physical training. Khan was also given
  regenerative powers. Khan then tried to escape from Dr. Heisen by
  digging through solid rock, greatly impressing the doctor. However he
  was captured by Heisen when his neural inhibitor was activated.
In August of 1985, Khan contacted Heisen to give him a gift from all
  the augments: their neural inhibitors. Khan told Heisen that they
  would leave his project on their terms, not his. Khan then killed
  Heisen by squeezing his skull. Khan and his fellow augments then
  decide to take over the world.


Difference between demodulation and band-stop Filter

Question: I was wondering what is the difference between demodulating a signal that is carried with a frequency $F_{\rm carrier}$ and applying a band-stop on a band around $F_{\rm carrier}$ ?
Answer: Filtering is a linear operation on the signal, and as such can alter amplitude an phase of signal components, but not their frequencies.
Demodulation is quite a general concept, but normally includes non-linear operations such as shifting the signal in the frequency domain from the carrier to baseband (or an intermediate frequency) in order to extract the unmodulated signal.
So you are trying to compare very different operations.
Comment: Frequency-shifting is a linear operation, it's just not time-invariant


How to access another user's folder from another user account

Question: I have some downloads in my root user /root/Downloads folder. How can I access them from another not-root-user account?
Comment: set not-root-user as root group beside user group. not root user can access root thru root group.
Answer: It would be possible to access the root's files/directories by simply changing the permissions.
However I don't recommend to do so because this would be a big security hole. However on personal computer, it won't be such a big issue.
Still, if you want to achieve this, you would need to add the following permissions flags to the /root directory:
x - this means that you can open/access the directory (cd to dir) but you can't read it's contents
r - this will allow you to read the directory contents
chmod o+x,o+r /root

Note: You need to be root (su root) when running this command.
The directories inside /root should already have read/execute permissions for other users so you shouldn't encounter further issues.
Comment: In order to access the files, only read permissions on the files themselves and `x` permission on all parent directories are required. The example here doesn't grant `x` access to the `/root/Downloads` directory. The `r` on `/root` or `/root/Downloads` isn't strictly speaking required if the user already knows the pathname for the files to access.
Comment: Depends on the [`umask`](https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19683-01/817-0365/secfile-62/index.html). You're probably right if Kali matches Debian's default `0022`.
Comment: As far as I know, directories inside root should already have  `x` access, by default.
Answer: By non-root-user you mean user that is not in sudoers file or just other user that can execute command as root with sudo?
In a former occasion - there is no way you can access root's home folder.
In the later, you can sudo su and you're effectively a root user now (if sudo doesn't restrict user's priveleges in any way explicitly).
Comment: This is a good point. [I like `sudo su -`, though nowadays I use `sudo -i`](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/218169/is-there-ever-a-good-reason-to-run-sudo-su/218268). There are issues if you want to run GUI apps though.
Answer: Assign the files to a group to which the non-root user belongs to.
In most modern Linux systems, each user have their own group corresponding to their username.
You can change the group ownership of a file or directory with the chgrp command:
chgrp group_name pathname

However, note that the non-root user also needs directory access for all parent directories, including /root itself, to access  files under /root/Downloads, which is usually not allowed. Without read priviledges for the parent directories, there's still restrictions on listing the contents of the directory contents for directories under /root. In your particular case you would need to give x permissions for /root and /root/Downloads to regular users:
As root:
$ chmod o+x /root /root/Downloads
$ chgrp user /root/Downloads/file-non-root-user-needs-to-access

Answer: I strongly suggest you want to move them somewhere outside the directory /root.  This will help avoid breaking the conventions on security, as others have warned about.
Moving files can be much faster than copying them.  Provided they stay on the same filesystem, all that needs to be written is new file metadata (example: selinux).
E.g. you can create /shared-readonly/ and move files there with mv.  You don't need to change access modes at all :).  This specific setup (or using /home/shared-readonly) is very nice and simple.  I've used it several times myself. (Directories which can be written by multiple users are inherently a bit more complex; sadly they're not as robust on Linux as they could be).
You could additionally limit this sharing to not-root-user, e.g. to avoid exposing personal data to arbitrary non-root daemons.  Create a group as follows, e.g. here I name it conspiracy:
groupadd conspiracy
usermod -a -G conspiracy not-root-user
chgrp conspiracy /shared-readonly
chmod o-rx /shared-readonly

not-root-user will need to log out and back in, before they are recognized as a member of conspiracy.  Use id -a to check their membership.
If you like to have convenient, visible access to the files as the root user, you can also create a symbolic link to them.  E.g. ln -s /shared-readonly .
Answer: This answer is for Kali Linux (Linux basically) and may not work for Ubuntu.
I have a better answer to solve the issue as I've just solved mine.
The most voted answer here doesn't work for Kali Linux (don't know about Ubuntu). The error is
chmod: invalid mode: 'o+x,'
Try 'chmod --help' for more information.
Now the solution without any code:

Go to the root account and right click the folder you want to share
with other accounts that is in this case /root/Downloads.

Select properties, go to the permissions tab
Then select    "Create and Delete files" in the drop-down menu of
Others access.
Click on Change Permissions for Enclosed files and select "read
and write" and "Create and Delete files" in the drop-down menus of
Others.
Click change and Close it. Log out of the account.
Now log-in into your user account.
Open Files manager, go to Others -> Computer -> root -> Downloads.
You'll find your files here.


Unable to upgrade in WordPress from 4.6.12 to 4.7

Question: I have a Civicrm installation that's been running for quite some time. I've never had an issue upgrading until now. I've been able to upgrade to 4.6.12, but then I try 4.7.0 or 4.7.1, all I get is "[]" on the progress screen. There's no error log generated. I'm running WordPress 4.4.2 with PHP 5.6.
Answer: There are a million reasons why this could be happening - you could look in your PHP logs (which, if you're running Apache with mod_php, will be in your Apache logs).  you can also check your CiviCRM log in the ConfigAndLog directory.
I find that if an upgrade isn't working, I'll often have better luck with an upgrade from the command line.  Unzip CiviCRM as you would normally, but instead of visiting the upgrade script page, run wp-cli civicrm upgrade-db.  This presumes you have wp-cli with the CiviCRM extension installed, of course.  I'll also get better error messages, in general.
Since you've got a failed upgrade, don't forget to roll back your database - and don't forgot to drop your database before you reload the backup, or you're likely to have more upgrade errors!


Acer Aspire PC locked up and won't re-start

Question: Vista Home Premium  locked up on 5/12/10 while on a website and could not get to 'control-alt-delete.' Mouse locked, too. On/off switch would not work (stayed lit) so I unplugged the power cord. When I tried to re-start the computer I could hear a fan running but it would not boot up, nothing on the monitor and no lights on the keyboard. O/S was preloaded so I do not have a boot disk.I tried pressing F1, F2 and F11 and also with monitor off but nothing worked. Computer has not been been moved or abused so all internal connections should be fine. Have updated Windows Vista Home Premium regularly and also updated Avira anti virus and anti malware programs regularly. Using Firefox and Vista Home Premium O/S. Computer is 2 years old and was purchased new from Best Buy.
Answer: Call (408) 533-7700 and brace for Acer "support". You're computer is likely broke, and needs repair work.
I've dealt with their "support" before and you'll likely regret buying an Acer by the time you're done. Also this website has alternate numbers to call.
Comment: Sounds like the laptop has gotten wet or the RAM has gone bad.


What happens to the quantum information of a particle and an antiparticle when they annihilate?

Question: I understand that the quantum no-deleting theorem dictates that it's impossible to delete quantum information, so what happens to the quantum information of a particle and an antiparticle when they annihilate each other?
Answer: Particle + antiparticle annihilation preserves quantum information. It is often said that annihilation creates a pair of photons, but that's a big simplification. It only applies to the electron + positron, and even in that case it may lead to more than 2 photons. If the electron's and positron's spins are parallel, an odd number of photons must be produced, so in that case at least 3 photons are produced, since production of a single photon is prohibited by momentum conservation. If the electron's and positron's spins are antiparallel, then an even number of photons are produced. In either case, producing more than the minimum number of photons has a low probability. If the electron and positron have very high kinetic energy, other particles may be produced, eg D or B mesons, or even the weak gauge bosons, if the KE is high enough.
The interaction cross-section for neutrino + antineutrino annihilation is very small, and the reaction is only probable for extremely energetic particles, since the result is a Z boson, which has a huge mass, as mentioned in this answer.
When more complex particles annihilate, things get messy. From Wikipedia:

[...] when a proton encounters an antiproton, one of its quarks,
  usually a constituent valence quark, may annihilate with an antiquark
  (which more rarely could be a sea quark) to produce a gluon, after
  which the gluon together with the remaining quarks, antiquarks, and
  gluons will undergo a complex process of rearrangement
  (called hadronization or fragmentation) into a number of mesons,
  (mostly pions and kaons), which will share the total energy and
  momentum.
The newly created mesons are unstable, and unless they encounter and
  interact with some other material, they will decay in a series of
  reactions that ultimately produce only gamma
  rays, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. This type of reaction will
  occur between any baryon (particle consisting of three quarks) and
  any antibaryon consisting of three antiquarks, one of which corresponds
  to a quark in the baryon.

In summary, the results of matter + antimatter annihilation preserve quantum information because the results depend on the type(s) of particle, their spin, and their kinetic energy.
Comment: @D.Halsey Not quite, because not all numbers are possible. A better analogy is factorization - when you multiply prime numbers together, you get one number out of N, but you lose no information. It works both ways, which is quite critical for physics.
Comment: @D.Halsey Except that annihilation doesn't produce a single "sum", it produces multiple particles, and conserves energy and momentum (linear & angular).
Comment: @PM2Ring: Any neutrino and antineutrino can annihilate. They can produce a virtual Z boson (which can have ***much*** more mass than either of the original two particles). The Z boson can then decay through virtual intermediate products into a pair of photons. This is extremely unlikely, both because the Z boson can't decay into photons directly and because the Z boson is so massive, but I believe it is theoretically possible.
Comment: I must be missing something.  When you say "In summary, the results of matter + antimatter annihilation preserve quantum information because the results depend on the type(s) of particle, their spin, and their kinetic energy," that seems equivalent to saying that if you know the sum of several numbers, you will somehow know what each of those numbers is.
Comment: @Peter Fair enough. But it is very low probability. Eg, the antineutrinos released by a beta emitter don't have much chance of reacting with a solar neutrino.  But I'll adjust my answer.
Answer: First of all, the particles don't disappear: they turn into other particles. But it's not as simple as just "electron + positron -> two photons". A state containing an electron and a positron is really only well defined as $t \to -\infty$, when we can think of the two particles as being infinitely far apart and hence having no probability of annihilation. As soon as time starts to move, the state begins to evolve into a massive superposition of all the possible decay products: two photons, three photons, $n$ photons, and, if the energies are high enough, other particle-antiparticle pairs (muons, quarks, whatever), hadrons, Higgs bosons, and whatever you want. And don't forget, given the particle content you still have a lot of room to maneuver by distributing energies, momenta and spins among the different particles in the possible final states.
This complicated state is the one that holds all the information of the initial state, because the time evolution was just dictated by Schrödinger's equation, and is thus unitary. As soon as you actually observe some decay product, you collapse the state, and hence lose information1. If you just observe that the result is two photons with, say, $3\, \mathrm{GeV}$ of center-of-mass energy and some given momenta, can you deduce that the initial state was an electron and a positron? No, there are lots of possible initial states that result in two photons with that energy. You really need that huge superposition if you want to run the clock backwards and recover the initial state. That's where the information is.
1 At least in the Copenhagen interpretation, but let's not get into that.
Comment: Nice answer. But got me thinking: if you started at t=-inf in that complicated particle superposition and ran Schrodinger's equation forward you would end up with the simple electron + positron pure state. So what you are saying if you start with a highly privileged particle eigenstate it will typically evolve into a complex superposition. At this point I feel like saying "entropy has increased" but of course entropy = 0 throughout. So my question is whether  there a physical quantity which measures the complexity of a superposition?
Comment: @BruceGreetham As far as I know, there is no such measure (but there are many things I don't know). As far as QM is concerned, it's just one pure state evolving into another; the entropy is zero all the time.
Answer: Your question is a very deep one and I fear there exists no simple answer in the year 2019.
You are asking for quantum information, not entropy. Classical information of a message is defined as
$ I = \log_2 N $
N is the number of possible alternatives, I the number of bits that make up the message.
A physical message is a part of the physical world. In QT this corresponds to a subspace of the total Hilbert space.
The amount of quantum information is the number of qubits in the subspace.
This means that the subspace must be separable into a finite number of qubits. [More general you could also allow
qutrits and so on.] The important point is the "finite". The subspace must be a product space of a finite number
N of qubits. Then you can retrieve a maximum of N classical bits out of it.
The process you are talking about is something like
$ \psi_{initial}(q_1,q_2) \rightarrow \psi_{final}(q_3,q_4) $
with $q_x$ (x = 1..4) being continuous 4-momentums of the 2 incoming and (example) 2 outgoing particles. The process is not
$ \psi_{initial,q_1,q_2} \rightarrow \psi_{final,q_3,q_4} $
where $q_1$ .. $q_4$ would be discrete indices of the vector components in the momentum basis. Dependency on a continuous momentum variable (or on continuous spacetime) means an infinite number of corresponding base vectors, and therefore the amount of information in the message "2 incoming particles" corresponds to an infinite number of qubits. And the final amount of information is again infinite. Now you could say, this infinite information is preserved, because it remains infinite.
If you look at this process leaving 3 particles
$ \psi_{initial}(q_1,q_2) \rightarrow \psi_{final}(q_3,q_4,q_5) $
If all $q_x$ were indices and bounded, you could always define an index mapping
$ q_1,q_2 \mapsto q_i $
$ q_3,q_4,q_5 \mapsto q_f $
so that the index sets {$q_i$} and {$q_f$} are as mighty as the products of {$q_1$},{$q_2$}, and of {$q_3$},{$q_4$},{$q_5$}, respectively. This means N can be preserved. It may not appear very intuive, but this even holds in the continuous case. The "infinite number of qubits" belonging to a state depending on a continous variable is the same as for 2 such states or the same as for a state depending on 2 continuous variables. This number is known as "cardinality of the continuum"  in mathematics and denoted by $|\mathbb {R}|$.

What is often meant when talking about "quantum information is preserved" is the entropy, not the information defined above.
Classically the entropy is the expectation value of the information you can gain from outcomes (of a certain alternative).
$ H = - \sum_{i=1}^{n} p_i \log_2 p_i $
$p_i$ are the probabilities of different alternatives. In QT you have the von Neumann entropy
$ H = -\mathrm {tr} ( \rho \ln \rho ) $
which again is the expectation value of information about a state you can gain from outcomes of "measurements". Because you usually calculate with pure initial and final states, the entropy remains zero during such processes, as Javier said already.
But even if the states in your particle subspace weren't pure but entangled with the environment, the entanglement entropy would be preserved as long as no interaction between particles and environment occurs during the process. This is because
$ \rho \mapsto U \rho U^{-1} $
with a unitary operator U that annihilates together with its inverse under the trace (where operators can be cyclically rotated). So as long as your process can be represented by a unitary operator acting only in the particle subspace, the entanglement with the environment is preserved.
But in a particle experiment you want to start without entanglement. At the end of the experiment you must entangle the final particles with the measurement apparatus and an outcome is chosen (again we don't know why which outcome is chosen, decoherence theory does not solve the problem of outcomes). The measurement apparatus determines how the entanglement is established and how many final states can be distinguished (by different states of the apparatus). At the end we get discrete floating point numbers (a computer has a finite set of FP  numbers) in a bounded space as finite information. This is an
example of how we establish finite information, though in the theoretical model
the quantum system always represents an infinite amount of information. Of course in such a final step the information is not preserved.
Comment: Sorry, I made a mistake when saying "This means N can be preserved. But not in the continuous case. An area is more mighty than a line. " The last to sentences are not correct and I'll try to update my answer now... See for example [cardinality of the continuum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality_of_the_continuum) in Wikipedia.


What materials and spacing should I use for ceiling joists/strapping in this conversion?

Question: I have an old two bay garage that's 28'x50', that I would like to convert into a home. One thing I'm trying to figure out is how to do the ceiling. The ceiling is held up by metal joists approximately 12" high. The ceilings are 13' high and I would like to drywall them. I plan on spray foaming the roof prior to installing drywall. The bottom of the joists have a gap where I could run a bolt or toggle type fastener through. What should I use for studding and spacing?
Comment: Do you have a picture and what exactly do you want to do with the garage?  Also are you sure that the framing meets local building codes?  (In my area the code for garage and house are very different)
Comment: what is the spacing of the metal girders?
Comment: spacing would likely be 16" OC. As for what to use for strapping (studs are for walls) it would depend on the spacing between joists.
Comment: Is there a support beam in the middle?  The roof may not be able to support the weight of drywall ceiling. Drywall would add over 2,500lbs to roof.
Comment: If it was me I would add a suspended ceiling tiles or create a drop ceiling. Supported by ledgers around whole exterior of building and interior walls. You will have to do load calculations to find out what size ceiling joists you need for your spans. 2x6 2x8 2x10. I would drop ceilings in bedrooms and bathrooms to 8'. This will create an attic space, save on heat, allow for much cheaper  fiberglass insulation which will probably pay for all the extra lumber needed. I dont know where you live but spray foaming r36 value over 1,500sf will cost many thousands of dollars
Comment: Two bay garage 28' by 50'? Sounds more like a barn. Are those dimensions correct?
Comment: Is your roof flat or traditional gable?  If you have a flat or low slope roof, there are code requirement regarding your insulation choices that you need to be aware of.
Answer: I'm assuming since this question is over a year old you've probably found the help you need, but i'm here so here's my answer.
The framing should be a consistent 16 inches from center to center of each board, if your rafters don't allow for this sort of layout the MAX i'd suggest would be about 18-20 inches, any more than that and you'll run the risk of the drywall sagging. Make sure to run a perimeter strap all the way around to secure the outside edge of the drywall as well as give a place for any trim or molding to attach to. Another tip I'd suggest is to use a chalk box to line your rafter framing and drive a longer screw through all layers for added security. As for the insulation avenue, spray foaming will do a nice job however there's a lot of risks if done improperly. Inside and outside temps MUST BE over 65 degrees, any colder and the foam WILL NOT CURE properly and off gas indefinitely causing  very substantial health risks. If you spray it yourself make sure to rent an outside air respirator and full faced mask, fumes are no joke, they'll beat you up in a hurry, and unfortunately most manufacturers imply on the product that a dust mask and eye wear are sufficient, but its no where close. I'd suggest rock wool, slightly cheaper per square foot, a comparable r value, plus the added bonus of being able to dry out if ever dampened (foam traps moisture)
Save yourself the back ache and rent the drywall lift, most home improvement centers and building supply company have them available you need only ask, the prices are usually very reasonable however if you've ever hung 5/8 rock over head before, even one piece, you'll know the price is very worth it!!
hope this helps and happy building!!


What alternatives are there to Chess Position Trainer?

Question: CPT is software for testing (among other things) one's opening repertoire knowledge.
I'm wondering if there are any other similar pieces of software I should consider.
Answer: You can use Listudy (disclaimer I own that site) for exactly that. I created Listudy to train my own repertoire by playing against it. For this spaced repetition is used so the training is always working on the moves you're weakest on. You can upload your own repertoire in form of a PGN or import studies from Lichess. You can look here for example studies: https://listudy.org/en/studies/search
And best of all, Listudy is free and open source: https://github.com/ArneVogel/listudy
Answer: Bookup/Chess Openings Wizard, Chess Opening Trainer (which had a PC version too) and Chess Position Trainer are some of the main options, but just for completeness sake:
Chessbase lets you add 'training annotation' to moves in a game, so when you switch on training, it will hide the continuation, and quiz you.
Lucas Chess now lets you set up a Personal Opening Guide, and then test it via Learn Tactics by repetition.
SCID has a 'find best move' feature.
Heuristic Opening Repertoire Specialist & Trainer (H.O.R.S.T.) allows you to "train variations by using a training assistant."
Jan Kaan's Bookbuilder has a "book training module."
Comment: And for people seeking to download and use the free SCID, "SCID vs PC" is a fork which seems to be the main version now, despite the odd name.  I don't have enough sophistication with any of the paid software/websites to know what is missing from SCID vs PC, but strongly suspect it's "not much" and maybe it's even better since it has open source and active development.
Answer: I like the online chesstempo beta opening manager and trainer.
I have read on the facebook page of chess position trainer, that chess position trainer 6 is coming this year. I aspect a lot from this software.
Lucas Chess has some interesting repertoire making functions. Like importing best moves or all best moves from a bin book, for one collar. You can export the openings to pgn but I have noticed that there is an error and there are many threefold and more-fold repetitions in the games. You can solve this by importing the pgn in chess position trainer and export to pgn again. I also like Hiarcs Chess explorer. You can sort games for one player by opening name. So you can make repertoires for it. You can edit the player name in a text editor or in Chess Assistant.
Answer: The very commercial Bookup (also goes by the name Chess Openings Wizard) is probably the big contender for the PC.
I believe there are a few phone apps that help with this as well like the Chess Opening Trainer (iPhone)
Answer: As I see this question six years after you ask it, I can now answer with the online tool Chessable ( https://www.chessable.com/ ).
It sells courses and whole books turned into courses, but it also still allows uploading your own courses as PGN. And then it lets you train them like Chess Position Trainer does.
It isn't as smart about transpositions as CPT is (just plays lines), but that has its advantages as well as its disadvantages.


Is something wrong with my luminosity calculation?

Question: A few million years after a white dwarf forms, its surface temperature reaches $100000\text{K}$, while its radius is $0.01R_\odot$. Would this mean that its luminosity is $\Big(\dfrac{100000}{5778}\Big)^4 \cdot 0.01^2 = 8.972 L_\odot$? If so, why is it that way (I do understand the Stefan-Boltzmann law), and does that mean that all neutron stars are less luminous than white dwarfs?
Answer: Yes it would.
It is that way because the effective temperature is defined to be $(L/4\pi \sigma R^2)^{0.25}$.
The radius of a neutron star is about 10 km $(1.4\times 10^{-5}R_\odot)$. They are born with surface temperatures of around $10^8$ K. The coldest white dwarfs have effective temperatures of about 3000 K.
The luminosity ratio is
$$ \frac{L_{\rm NS}}{L_{\rm WD}}  = \left(\frac{10^{8}}{3000}\right)^4 \left(\frac{1.4\times 10^{-5}}{0.01}\right)^2 = 2.4\times 10^{12}\ .$$
Thus the most luminous neutron stars are (briefly) much more luminous than the coldest white dwarfs. They would remain more luminous until they cooled to $\sim 10^5$K, which could take as long as $10^7$ years (Lattimer & Prakash 2004).
Comment: Could you please clarify for $(L/4\pi \sigma R^2)^{0.25}$ as to where the division stops?


Getting started with STM32F4 with Keil

Question: I bought a STM32F410RB Nucleo board which has a STM32F410RB Cortex-M4 MCU. I'm trying to program it with Keil but I didn't find any example for my board. All examples are for other nucleo boards.
I don't know why keil examples don't supply examples for my board, maybe I missed something. Any suggestion?
Comment: What do you mean the examples don't support your board? STM provides loads of examples for Nucleo boards, and you should be able to run them given you configure Keil to use the correct chip.
Answer: Follow this link and download the software at the bottom.
Once downloaded, unzip it, and inside ./Projects/STM32F410xx-Nucleo/ there's everything you need to test your board. You dont even need to create a project from scratch, because inside each example folder, there's a folder named "MDK-ARM" which contains the Project configuration file for Keil5. happy hacking
Answer: There's a comprehensive step by step guide to run your program using CMSIS on http://www.keil.com/appnotes/docs/apnt_268.asp, which is accompanied by 6 videos. Also for starters The definitive guide to cortex m3 and cortex-m4 book is a must. You can find more sources on Keil site and also ARM university.

Getting started with STM32F4 with Keil


Is it possible to post with Word 2007 via XML-RPC and limit categories by user?

Question: I'm working on a project for a school district I work at where we want to use Word Press to have employees from all of the buildings post announcements and press releases via Word 2007.  We will then use RSS feeds to show the information on the district's web page and other subscribed locations.  The problem we are running into is when we create user roles for categories, this basically is not working through the XML-RPC in Word 2007.  It is working fine within the administration panel, but when the user goes to insert a category in Word, all of the categories are shown.  We would like to limit the available categories by user so that only a building secretay and principla can post the the high school category for example.   I have been search for a couple of weeks for a solution to this, if one exists.  Does anyone have any ideas?
Comment: Are you using a plugin to map roles to categories? If so which one? Otherwise post the code you're using to achieve this.
Answer: As per comment it is hard to answer this without knowing specifics of setup.
In general there are two generic approaches to this:

Prevent unwanted terms from being returned by filtering get_terms_args or other available hooks.
Prevent unwanted terms from being saved (or cancel them right after) by hooking somewhere in wp_insert_post().

The more complex, but possibly much more flexible approach would be to extend wp_xmlrpc_server server class so that categories served by it are checked against user permissions.


My garlic tops were dying off, butI have tiny garlic to sho for it what did I do wrong?

Question: I put garlic between the hostas, and lilies my mom grows, and the leaves died back, what did I do wrong?
Answer: Based on your previous posts, I would say it's because you planted your garlic in spring, only 3 months ago, and you used store garlic that was sprouting, and not seed garlic bred to your local conditions.
Spring planted garlic is always going to be puny in comparison to winter planted garlic because it's the cold that simulates bulb formation.
Answer: Garlic needs to be planted in a vegetable garden not with the ornamentals. They need sun, fruphed up soil, proper chemistry and water. Such different plant needs planted together don't work well. Garlic needs to be planted in the fall...it is a root crop and depending on the temperatures, you've got to plant in the fall for harvest in the late summer early fall the next year.
A double dug bed with proper nutrients for root growth and planted in an area where the soil doesn't freeze below a few inches is critical.  Ornamental beds are pretty 'used up' with nutrients, compacted and part of a little ecosystem not very amiable for vegetables unless you understand soils and fertilizers.
I plant garlic every spring because everything is frozen solid during the winter here in well prepared soil meant for garlic, onions, shallots. Shallots are impressing me big time!  New plants going through freezes and hot days and back to freezing and they are also in a raised bed, like a pot!  One of those fabric 'pots' and they are doing very very well.  Very vigorous. My zone is 1b.  Thrilled I can grow shallots. I am soon to have a completely self sufficient greenhouse where we can grow garlic, asparagus, artichokes, kiwi...tomatoes even during the winter.
Comment: You say garlic needs to be planted in the fall, and then say you always plant yours in spring.
Comment: Graham, I AM NOT the one who says to plant in the fall.  Never once have planted garlic that way and never one have I grown a decent bulb.  Lots of sources about this out there...what matters is where you live your zone.  If I planted in the fall...I'd have to plant 3 feet down so the cloves wouldn't freeze.  I am growing Potato Onions...shallots from a cool outfit in Colorado.I am quite impressed how tough these plants r.  In a fabric 'pot', potting soil and they've been out there growing through 5 or 6 hard frosts with no damage at all.  Forget garlic is my thinking!  Shallots here we come!
Comment: "Garlic needs to be planted in the fall" from your accepted answer.
Comment: Yes, if the temps are correct, zone 5/6 would be minimum, garlic should be planted in the fall.
Comment: Heavens, isn't that what you are advising?  It is the right way, I've just never got my stuff together to plant in the fall.  Sorry.  What zone are you in?


Term store management link invisible to Site Owner

Question: I am owner [ assigned through site owners group] of sub site in a site collection, But I didn't find Term store management link in site administration settings, where us site collection administrator has able to see the link. I can access directly the link [ to browse the link] but I need it in site administration settings that helpful to my fellow site administrators. Please anyone knows this kindly help me.
Answer: A hidden web application feature is probably not activated.
Solution:
You can activate it through PowerShell or stsadm:
<code>Enable-SPFeature -id "73EF14B1-13A9-416b-A9B5-ECECA2B0604C" -Url <SiteCollection-URL>

Stsadm.exe -o activatefeature -id 73EF14B1-13A9-416b-A9B5-ECECA2B0604C –url http://<SiteCollection-URL> –force
</code>
Comment: HI Ruslan, I tried above and it says the feature is already activated in scope. I know this because of the link is visible to site collection administrator where us not visible for user in site owners group.


My company is suspending its 401K match; what is the best thing to do with my money?

Question: I am a 25 y/o US citizen working in the US for a US company. Given these days' hard times, my company has elected to suspend its 401k match. I make too much money to contribute to a Roth IRA. What is the most efficient thing to do with my money? Do I maintain my 401k contribution level, or cut it down and put the money elsewhere? My gut says to do this and put the extra money into an individual investment account, but my google searches yield mixed answers.
Comment: @Aganju the suspension *is* for a certain date but I can't modify how much they match. I have always contributed sufficiently to get the full the match. Contributing more myself won't increase the amount that is being put in by the company.
Comment: What do you mean by "extra money"? Do you mean an amount greater than what is required to get the full match?
Comment: Is the suspension planned for a certain date? (If there is still time, you could try to put a larger chunk in before)
Comment: Understood. Could have been there is more to match.
Comment: @Nosjack I mean, if I reduce my contribution, this is money that now goes into my pocket. This is the 'extra money'. The 'amount greater than what is required to get the full match' is not really a relevant number anymore since the match is going to be suspended. I go from contributing X% (and receiving an X% match) to contributing X% (and receiving 0% match). The "extra money" comes from no longer contributing X%, and instead contributing 0%.
Comment: The second point in @Nosjack's answer is really important.  I know the question is about your 401K, but if your employer is cutting costs and you earn a high salary, your job may not be secure.  If you decide to pursue new employment, you may find a better answer to your 401K questions.
Comment: You specifically mentioned you are not eligible for a Roth IRA. Does your company offer Roth 401k?
Answer: Based on your comment, I see no reason to stop all contributions to your 401k except for the following reasons:

Your investment choices in the 401k are horrendous (bad funds, high fees) or the account itself has high fees, to the point where a brokerage account would give you many (cheaper) options.
You have high-interest debt or need to shore-up your emergency fund, as Pete said in his answer. A company that stops 401k matches might start laying people off...

If your 401k plan has good investment options, low fees, and you have no "hair on fire" debt, keep your 401k contributions the same. The 401k is still tax-advantaged, so putting the money in a brokerage account would essentially be the same thing except without the tax benefits.
Comment: +1 and agree with most of it. But. With no match, even a small expense, say, .5%, adds up fast. OP might be better off depositing to IRA and immediately converting to Roth. Or just staying post-tax, and taking advantage of low long term cap gains. (I realize this may be a small issue, but would ask for clarification on 'horrendous'.)
Comment: @JTP-ApologisetoMonica the fees are very small. Around 0.01%. No major issue there. The final question I must ask myself is *when* do I want these funds? Yes the 401k is tax advantaged, but its only for retirement. What if I want to buy a beach house when I'm 45? I need to take this into account as well, right?
Comment: Of course. These questions typically have a narrow focus. And often assume facts not in evidence, such as other financial issue. Putting 100% of savings into the retirement account isn't really advised. Saving for vacation home 20 years in the future can be done in a non-retirement account.
Comment: @Runeaway3 Yes, of course. If this beach house is going to be your primary residence then you can take a loan from your 401k. But the vast majority of non-retirement expenses should be paid for from something other than retirement-designated accounts.
Answer: It depends much upon your plans for the future and other financial information.
My advice would be to make sure you are out of consumer debt and have a healthy emergency fund in place.  You could direct the money, that you had been contributing to your 401K, to those purposes.  It seems that your company is undergoing hard times and you may find yourself out of work soon so playing a bit of defense is never a bad idea.
If those things are taken care of you can probably still do a Roth.  Look up "back door Roth" for a way to get around the income limitations for Roth contributions.  If you want to contribute more than 6K, or you don't want to do a back door, you could just open a taxable brokerage account.
While you will pay taxes on the income you put into a taxable account, and income earned in that brokerage account you can limit this by using mutual funds that spin off little or no cash, or using a buy and hold strategy for single stocks.  A boring old S&P 500 fund spins off very little cash so they tend to be very tax efficient while their appreciation can be much larger.  Taxes will be due when you sell, but that could be years down the road.
There is always the option to continue to contribute to the 401K.  Many people contribute well above the percentage to get a match and it is so painless and simple to use a 401K, which is essentially the same thing.  There is something to be said about the simplicity of just continuing to use your 401K if you are happy with the fund choices and fees.
Comment: @Runeaway3 you can't know which is best from a return perspective as you cannot predict the future returns.  Frankly, it does not really matter because the results will be similar enough that other factors will have a more profound effect.  It is tough for an engineer to understand but sometimes optimizing efficiency is not the best choice.
Comment: I appreciate the explanation here; I am indeed in a secure defensive position, so there is no need to funnel funds to emergency or reducing consumer debt. The remaining options are what I had considered. Ever the optimization-minded engineer that I am, I am wondering which if these choices is *best* from a return perspective. If they are all roughly equivalent, I will obviously need to choose the one that best fits my goals from a tax perspective, but I am asking here if there is a clear winner from an ROI - tax consideration
Answer: Since you're keen on investing in a Roth, we certainly don't need to convince you of the value of retirement savings. Any chance you could pass the word on to me at age 25?  (which unfortunately was a while ago :)
I hope it's also unnecessary to talk about the wisdom of an emergency fund; obviously that is the #1 priority. You can't count on "borrowing" from a 401K because that only works while you remain in that employment.  Also, there's something to be said for reducing debt, but if you're already happy with your 401K investment plan, I don't have a reason to doubt you.

I definitely agree a Roth is more favorable than a plain 401K for a number of non-fiduciary reasons (and some fiduciary ones but they're subtle and complicated).  There are a couple ways to get there.
First, talk to your 401K provider about a Roth 401K.  Yeah, that's a thing; but it's not a thing for everyone in every plan.
Second, as Pete discusses, you can use the "Roth Backdoor" - contribute to a Traditional IRA but don't take the tax deduction; this is called a Non-Deductible IRA.  Then you do a "Convert to Roth"; and the amount of the contribution isn't taxed because it was already taxed.

However, if you already have traditional IRAs, the Backdoor Roth has a big problem.  You can't pick and choose which IRAs to convert; you must convert them all in proportion.  So if you had $12k of existing IRA and you backdoor'd $6k of new NDIRA, you'd convert $4k of the existing IRA and $2k of the new NDIRA, and have to pay taxes on the $4k.  Weirder, you carryforward $4k worth of ND (tax already paid) status on the remaining IRA which then comes out in proportion - hey I competed in national-level math competitions, and this give me headaches!

There used to be a question of the legality of the Roth Backdoor. Some argued it was a glitch. But documents have recently surfaced that reveal Congress considers it intentional and IRS considers it business as usual.
Answer: Real world performance on investments is largely a matter of avoiding biases, being ok with meeting rather than beating the benchmarks, and resisting the urge to act in response to what's happening at the moment.  Choose how you save based on what helps you consistently set money aside on a sustainable basis, resist playing with it, and keeps ongoing costs (fees & service charges) low.
Answer: If you have a mortgage or other debts, the best use of your money is to pay them off.  Don't forget that a mortgage is a debt.  Credit cards and other loans first, of course, because they have the highest interest.
But after that, the interest you pay on a mortgage is guaranteed to be more than you could earn from any bank account.  Remember that for the bank to break even, the interest on mortgages and other loans has to pay for the interest on savings plus the bank's own administration overheads, so the interest paid on savings (even 401K) inevitably has to be lower than the interest charged on all loans.
The reason "match" funding from a company makes that scheme advantageous is that the margin between interest paid and interest charged is less than 100%.  The extra funding from the company more than covers that margin, making it a good use of your money.  Take away that "match" funding, and even with tax relief you're losing ground overall.
Of course this depends on the terms of your mortgage.  Some may limit the amount you can repay at any one time or in any one year, so you would need to check the details.  It also assumes you do have a mortgage - if you don't then it naturally doesn't apply to you.
Comment: Really? Are you sure you the mortgage interest is higher than the investment gains in an IRA?  Or the market for that matter?  Seems like a debt-phobic answer.
Comment: @Harper Look it up for your mortgage. And thinking previously, if this wasn't the case then a mortgage/invest cycle would be an infinite money source. There's nothing wrong with debt, but it always has a cost. For mortgages, that's the near-invisible cost of how long you're paying it off over, and the extra interest every day of that time. Reduce the principal, reduce the time, pay less interest over the course of the mortgage.
Comment: I think you have a mistake _the interest you pay on a mortgage is guaranteed to be less than you could earn from any bank account_.   Mortgages over the past 20 or so years have ranged 2.5% - 7.5% and no bank has paid over 2% interest.  Maybe you mixed up your wording?
Comment: _so the interest paid on savings (even 401K) inevitably has to be lower than the interest charged on all loans_ What?  No, the bank has no control over what stocks and mutual funds do and they are not paying the gains.  Maybe you are thinking of a Money Market account and not a 401K?
Comment: You might be thinking of IRAs that only contain CDs, or a 401k that defaults to a money market fund. Any reasonably diversified stock fund (VOO, SWPPX) will earn much more than any mortgage interest rate.
Comment: "And thinking previously, if this wasn't the case then a mortgage/invest cycle would be an infinite money source." – As it happens, I'm doing pretty much exactly that. I have both investments and a car loan, and the reason I don't pay off the car loan early is that I expect the investments to have a greater return than the interest on the loan. Of course, it's not an "infinite money source" since I can't borrow unlimited amounts of money to invest.
Comment: @AbraCadaver Oh, oops!  Major miswording!


Is it possible to fake the date of arrival of funds?

Question: Let's say I claim I've had X Monero for 1 year in my account and truth is I just received that amount X to my account yesterday. If I'm giving away all (private) keys to that person, he could see the date when my funds actually arrived, right? Could I somehow fake that date? Would using an cold-storage account help?
Answer: No, this is not possible.
Knowledge of the private keys for a wallet will identify the specific outputs on the blockchain owned by the wallet. The blockchain holds an immutable record of the creation timestamps of those outputs.
The closest thing to what you're looking to achieve is to send the funds from your wallet to the other person's wallet. Monero's ring signature will obfuscate the actual outputs on the blockchain that you're spending. If your ring size is 7, then for each real output you're spending, there are 6 other outputs your transaction will reference that you could have been spending instead. Therefore the timestamps of the outputs being spent could be the timestamps of any of those 7 outputs.
To fake a particular timestamp for the outputs you're claiming to spend, you'd therefore need to ensure that for each real output you're spending, your transaction's ring signature references a decoy output that has the timestamp you wish to fake. This would require manual construction of your transaction so that you can directly specify which outputs to use as decoys. This is a feature that does not yet exist, so you'd need to make modifications to your wallet software to do this.
Of course, this method falls apart if they simply ask you for the wallet view key for the outputs you claim to originally have received. You'd have to claim you lost it after sending them the funds...


When did Owen get the tracking implant of the Indominus Rex in Jurassic World?

Question: In Jurassic World, before releasing the raptors in for tracking the Indominus Rex, Owen lets them smell the flesh of Indominus Rex, which also had a tracking implant. However, in the movie, this implant was found by ACU when they went to capture Indominus. But all those members got killed and Owen didn't go there. So, how and when did he get that implant?
Comment: Your edit is an answer and should be posted as such. If you've done additional research, you can self-answer and get rewarded with the rep.
Answer: The order of the scenes is important.

Indominus is chipped.
Indominus gets loose.
The retrieval squad follows the tracker.
The retrieval squad finds the tracker was removed by Indominus.
The retrieval squad take an unexpected tour of Indominus' digestive track.
At some point, Owen or another retrieve the tracker + Indominus flesh.
Owen uses the tracker to give the raptors a scent to follow.

Getting the tracker later on would be a minor plot point that would be unnecessary to show. It's a tracker, and still works. They know exactly where it is. All that is needed is for someone to drive up and get it.
Comment: I just popped in the blu-ray of the movie and watched the scenes with Owen from when he leaves until they let the raptors out. I never saw him or anyone else retrieve the piece of flesh with the tracker. This backs up your assertion that it is a minor plot-point they just skipped. Also, I have this odd desire for my next car to be a Mercedes-Benz.
Answer: According to the film's "Special Edition: Junior Novelisation", several of Hamada's troopers did in fact escape from the I-Rex™ and returned to base shortly afterwards. It's notable that they had sufficient time to collect their fallen colleagues (and their kit, and presumably the tracker) before they left the scene, especially given that once they started firing live ammo it was the dinosaur that made a sharp retreat, not them:

The Indominus hurled Hamada to the ground, stomped on him, and swiped
  another trooper with her tail. The troopers fired nets at her, but she
  easily tore them off and chomped another trooper.
The remaining troopers picked up their fallen comrades and stumbled
  back toward the vehicle. One of them pulled out a real weapon and
  fired live ammo at the Indominus. The bullets pinged off the bony
  plates on her back as she turned and raced into the jungle.
Comment: look at my edit. There were some survivors and we can clearly see that in that snapshot..
Comment: @AJ - I want to put that in my answer :-)
Answer: There were survivors after the attack of Indominous Rex. Here is a snapshot.

We can clearly see lifeline of ACU member in back. Since there were survivors, one of them might have brought the tracking implant.
Comment: Good answer. As much as it pains me to say it, since this comes **directly from the film**, you might want to reconsider your acceptance of my answer.
Comment: @Richard Your answer contains details while my answer contains a proof of it.


Do introverts engage in too much self-control or do they lack impulsivity?

Question: Regardless of whether people are extraverts or introverts, if they are asked to act in an extraverted way, this improves their mood (for example Zelenski and others 2012). My question is concerns the reasons for why introverts don't engage in extraverted behavior. According to dual process models of behavior (for example Strack, Deutsch, 2014), human behavior is a combination of impulses and more reflective behavior (for example self-control). It strikes me that extraverted behavior is often quite impulsive (e.g. posting a funny picture of oneself on facebook). So, do introverts lack these impulses, or are they too inclined to keep them under control? Is there any research that has tried to disentangle the two processes?
Comment: Personal experience, speaking as an introvert: I have these impulses. Taking the example of posting a funny picture on Facebook, I do get the thought "this looks so funny, I should share this with people!". But then what you call "self-control" kicks in, and my mind asks: "Will people really care about this? What if someone misunderstands it? Should I write a clarifying comment beneath it? Is there anyone on my friendlist that I don't want to see this?" Result: I send the funny picture to my closest friend instead of sharing it with the world.
Comment: I would argue that your definition of extraverted behavior is off mark. Engaging in conversations with multiple people in real life or drifting from one circle to another at a party are examples of extraverted behavior. Posting a funny picture while being alone is not, and I doublt it would have the same mood lifting benefits (no mirror neuron activation, no emotional contagion)
Answer: This may not be a perfect answer to your question but it should be of help. Essentially, I think that research on personality suggests that self control (and thus a lack of impulsivity) may be part of the reason why introverts don't engage in extraverted behavior.
According to personality research on arousal [1], levels of extroversion and introversion are linked to peoples' arousal levels. Extroverts are argued to be under-aroused (in terms of brain arousal) therefore they seek out new stimuli, while the opposite is the case for introverts. Hence as introverts already over-aroused, they are more likely to avoid new stimuli.
While the research you have cited suggests that introverts would actually benefit from seeking more social interaction, the fact that they do not is not particularly surprising as humans frequently fail to act in ways that benefit themselves.
[1]https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Arousal


Is it okay to use a pulley to stretch?

Question: I'm a 58 yo male, 4th Dan taekwondo, training for about 17 years, flexibility not the best, but for the last 18 months, I've been really putting in the training, weights, core work, stretching etc, I use a rope and and old white belt, slung over a rafter to try to improve my front stretch and side kick stretch, is this method ok to use? Using the pulley system, I can get my leg up over head high, but when doing it at a standing start, have trouble holding it there. I also do side leg raises and core work to try to strength my side kicks. Love to hear your advice.
Answer: I'm no doctor and if you want medical advice on the safety of stretching with a pulley you're asking in the wrong place, but it seems to me that as long as you're not feeling burning pain from excessive stretching, and in your stretching position you have enough control to ease back on the stretch if that were to start, all's good.  Because when using a pulley you're standing in pretty much the extended kicking position, you're likely to be stretching pretty much all the muscles you really need stretched.  Still, compared to stretching on the floor, it may be harder to introduce controlled PNF-style contractions and relax in a controlled fashion into a deeper stretch, so I'd suggest some combination.  You might want to supplement the pulley stretches with other suggestions from this thread: Good exercises for higher side kicks?
As for "have trouble holding it there" - I know that's popular with tkd stylists but personally think it's over-rated from a fighting skills perspective, though some of the ITF hyungs require it (I didn't study WTF patterns much).  A relaxed ability to reach those heights comfortably dynamically is important though, and the former only helps the latter.  Anyway,  you'll need to spend enough time in the stretched position to inhibit almost all the contraction, and also work on leg raises at increasing heights - you might want to do that with ankle weights, lifting the pulley to say 5-10 cm less than you can lift to, then lifting that extra distance for a few seconds, gradually increasing the time then eventually upping the height and repeating.
As for "strength side kicks" - if you mean kicking harder - IMHO hip rotation, technique and timing are significantly more important than muscle strength or flexibility.  A lot of getting your leg up in the air comes from the rocking motion of the hips, good knee motion, good footwork.  I made an instructional video on what I consider key fundamentals and concepts many years ago - but crappy spur of the moment thing, and depending on your TKD style (the post-WWII karate-derived style, modern WTF and ITF are all vastly different) you might well hate it, or know it all already, or even know better in general, or have something that just suits you or your sparring/fighting tactics better for whatever reasons, but for whatever it's worth: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTtyTOLqnoc
Separately - for front kicks, I always found it great to sit on the kind of bench used for bench presses at the gym - just something maybe 1m+ long and 30/40cm wide, with your heel just over one end and the ball dangling relaxed rather than pulled back towards your hips (i.e. isolating the hamstring without simultaneously stretching the calf), the other leg out at 90 degrees, knee bent 90 degrees and  foot on the ground, and to reach under the bench to pull your chest down over the leg, keeping the back straight.  You get a lot of good leverage that way.
Comment: Thanks for the reply, I have been mixing up my stretching routine , leg raises with weights, holding side kicks up for 10 to 15 secs, but I'll also try the gym bench streach as well,
. Appreciate the advise.
Answer: I use it occasionally as a replacement for a partner when attempting PNF stretching, which is how pulleys should be used.  It's a bit awkward for me, and unless you have several pulleys located in different places (essentially, high and low, allowing for adductor and abductor stretching), you're not really getting the best benefit.
However, some people use them in a similar fashion that the stretch machines that Chuck Norris used to peddle.  These, I've discovered, are dangerous because when you feel pain, it's difficult to release quickly, and the damage is done.  With pulleys, pain can be lessened almost immediately, so it's moderately better than the machine.  So as long as you are not pulling and locking (by wrapping one end of the rope around something), you should be fine.
One other caveat: be sure to use them in an active manner - PNF, actually.  As you pull the rope and open (or close) the stretch, you need to fight against that exercise: that is the PNF exercise.  If all you do it sit there and pull the rope, all you're doing is static stretches which won't do you much good.
Answer: Using a stretching aid to assist a stretch is fine as long as you take your time and don't use too much force (YMMV). In my experience, the very best aid for achieving progress in stretching (for limberness) is to perform a solid warm-up routine before hand.
Achieving a significant increase in limberness is something that takes time. If you push yourself to do too much, too fast you risk injury, and stretching-related injuries can undo any progress you've already made.  Set realistic short and long term goals, and then make slow methodical progress towards those goals.

Is it okay to use a pulley to stretch?


Custom layouts for responsive site page

Question: We're converting a site to be responsive and have decided to use Adaptive Theme. But the client insists on a unique layout for the Front page that does not fit into Adaptive's method of stacking sidebars. In principle I need a layout program like Panels or Display Suite that lets you create two layouts, and then decides which one to use depending on the device. I'm a coder and can do this myself with a page callback, or I suppose in the front page template, but was hoping for another solution. Is there a better way?
Answer: I think the theme key module might be just what you need. From the module's page:

ThemeKey allows you to define simple or sophisticated theme-switching
  rules which allow automatic selection of a theme depending on current
  path, taxonomy terms, language, node-type, and many, many other
  properties. It can also be easily extended to support additional
  properties exposed by other modules. In combination with Drupal's
  theme inheritance you can easily achieve features like:

individually-styled channels
a front-page / "splash" screen a
date/time-selected Christmas
theme mobile themes for different auto-detected mobile devices
special themes for "limited" or "old" browsers
content, user, or role -specific themes indicating your
environment (production, staging, testing, sandbox, … ) testing your
redesign safely on a live server

And many more. https://www.drupal.org/project/themekey

Custom layouts for responsive site page


Why doesn't "Jobs" let you filter for full-time vs. part-time jobs?

Question: I was wondering if Jobs will add the ability to filter for full-time vs part-time jobs? If not, is there a reason that this doesn't already exist?
Answer: Most jobs on the board are either full-time, contract or internship positions. You can already filter by those things using the background category:

We don't currently support part-time because not enough jobs provide it so it doesn't make for a worthwhile filter. It's possible we'll re-evaluate this in the future if employers express an interest in it.
Comment: This wouldn't be a perk, but a requirement for me due to disability. :/
Comment: I'm sure employers will never be interested in this only employees. Part time is basically a perk like better health care etc.
Answer: The full-time checkbox in the background filter does nothing. You get full-time jobs even if unchecked.
Maybe there are not a lot of part-time jobs, but there are certainly many people looking for them.
Adding a meaningful filter would certainly help your user base.
Answer: Don't see what this answer at least means:

We don't currently support part-time because not enough jobs provide it so it doesn't make for a worthwhile filter.

It reads if this would be a huge task, even if it's at least only one additional field for a filter.
Even if there are only a few offers for part-time...
1st: there are any, and
2nd if you can filter for Full-Time it make absolutely sense to even be able to filter for part-time
So in my opinion it is a must-have in a job-board - as it is a huge improvement for people who searching for a part-time job.


Where can I volunteer to become a QA Tester?

Question: I was hoping to find an open source project where I can be a volunteer QA Tester. Anyone know a project looking for one?
Comment: Have you tried to search for non profit organizations in your area/country?
Answer: You can always Google open source software projects and contact the developers and show interest in volunteering for Testing. You can also try below links and also get help from various Software Testing forums.
open testing Wikipedia mail list
Weekend Testing
UTest
Mozilla Wiki QA/Execution/Web Testing/Contribute
Comment: Also Apache Software Foundation has many projects to contribute.
Answer: Basically just about every live Open Source project welcomes everybody as a tester - the best ones to go for are those that you know something about the target use of the project. If you are a potential or actual member of their target audience your feedback will be much more to the point than if you are not.

List your interests to yourself in order of your level of interest/knowlege,
Search online for Open Source packages that are relevant to your top few interests
Find one, or more, that you like the look of
For each take a look at the trackers & newsgroups to get a feel for how welcoming of and responsive to feedback the developers are it does differ between projects
Read the FAQ and any other documentation.
Download both the current release for your platform(s).
Start testing it for yourself
Join the mailing list(s)
When you find a potential issue check the tracker to see if it is already reported, if it is do you have some supplementary information to add?, if it is not then raise a ticket.
Try not to "flood the system" one well written ticket on a serious point will be much more welcome than twenty trivial ones - also it is better to raise a ticket "Typos in Help" with a list of such rather than one for each.
Ideally also clone or fork the source code repository & build/test the "bleeding edge" code.
Patches are almost always welcome - even if they are to the documentation.

The vast majority of Open Source projects welcome constructive feedback, bug reports please write them politely with sufficient detail to be able to reproduce the problem, enhancement suggestions & tests on platforms that the developers may not have access to.
If you should get a poor response from the developers first consider the tone, language and detail of your ticket - did you sound demanding, unappreciative, etc., if you are reasonably sure that you have been polite, given enough detail, realistic in your expectations, etc. and you are still getting a poor response and feel that your efforts are not appreciated, this is rare in my experience, then maybe that isn't the project for you.
Above all never forget that the majority of Open Source Developers are also volunteers, usually unpaid, and have jobs & family as well.


When sprayer is used, all water to sink (faucet and sprayer) shuts off, how to fix?

Question: Whenever the sprayer for our kitchen sink is used, the water will suddenly cut off (to both the sprayer and the faucet) and not come back on again for several minutes. This has been going on for several months now, but today when it happened, the water didn't come back on at all (it's been about half an hour). Does anyone have an idea about what might be causing this and how to fix it?
Note: I checked under the sink and everything looks normal but I'm not sure if that means anything, the faucet doesn't feel any easier/harder to turn off than normal, all other water fixtures in the house work fine
Answer: Your sprayer unit is not designed to sit at full system pressure, so the faucet unit that it came with is specially designed to shunt water towards the sprayer hose and head only when the sprayer lever is pressed. The faucet itself has an integral diverter valve to perform this function, it sounds like yours is not working right.
All faucet brands use their own proprietary diverter mechanism, you will need to get a manual for your faucet to get it apart and replace the valve. It might look something like this:
Comment: Sometimes nonfunctional diverters just have pipe crud in them that you can brush out, or dissolve with vinegar.


How to add additional tab in the User Profile page using views

Question: I have installed the flag module and it comes with some 2 views that are added to the list of views. One of them will stick to the user page as an additional tab and when clicked will show a list of all the nodes that were flagged by that specific user being previewed. So far so good.
The problem is that in my website I don't use the path "user/uid" for the user pages. I use the path (example) "somethingelse/uid". When I enter the view and edit the path for this tab page with "somethingelse/uid", save the view and reload the user page... the tab with the list of items flagged by the current user disappears completely.
How can I bring that tab back on the user page? I am on Drupal 7.
Answer: somethingelse/<uid> is a path alias for user/<uid>. When you set the path for a view, you need not to use path aliases.


Cafe latte with 0% fat milk?

Question: Is it possible to order cafe latte with 0% fat milk? Or most places would say that is not latte etc
Would the taste be bad?
Comment: Just checking: You mean "milk with 0% fat", not "0% milk", right? Cafe Latte with 0% milk is simply espresso.
Comment: @DCTLib:Yes non-fat milk (skimmed or 0% fat)
Answer: Cafe Latte comes in many variants, all of which are Cafe Lattes. If you ever see anyone ordering a "Cafe Latte with nonfat milk" at Starbucks, this typically refers to a Cafe Latte with milk that has less than 0.5% of fat.
Note that 0.0% fat milk is not available everywhere. For example, it is common in central Europe that the lowest percentage of fat available for milk is 0.3% or 1.5%. I recently checked at a German Starbucks what milk they have to pour into filter coffee, and they start at 1.5% fat. Note that even if the label on a box of milk says 0% fat, there will always be some traces of fat.
Whether it tastes well: that is subjective. Fat does add to the taste. But a 0.3% fat milk Cafe Latte is probably closer to a 1.5% fat milk Cafe Latte in terms of taste than to a coconut milk Cafe Latte, which is also enjoyed by many coffee consumers and also bears the name "Cafe Latte". Whether you will actually be able to get a close-to-0% fat Cafe Latte depends on the place that you are visiting: not all coffee places may have that type of milk in stock.
Comment: If it is <1% that is fine. I wasn't sure if an order of latte with low fat milk would be accepted or considered that it is not a latte
Answer: I'd say that it is still a Latte.  Given that a Latte has espresso, steamed milk and foam components, a 0% skim milk latte will have all of those components.
Indeed, some of the most resilient foams are made with low fat milk, as the protein structure is not interfered with by the fat.  You tend to get very smooth and densely structured foams.  I know because those are the Latte's I make for some people.
In fact, Harold McGee has a recipe for making foamed milk with a cocktail shaker and a microwave, which depends upon low fat milk to work.

Cafe latte with 0% fat milk?


Are Interplanetary mission trajectory computations based entirely on Newtonian mechanics?

Question: I am wondering if the application of General Relativity is ever needed(?) I assume that Newtonian mechanics is sufficient with some trajectory corrections applied as needed on route. I also assume that the latter corrections must be minimal to save fuel, hence the trajectories are planned in advance as best as possible.
Comment: related but *not the same question:* [When was Newton "not good enough" for spaceflight; first use and first absolute requirement for relativistic corrections?](https://space.stackexchange.com/q/40330/12102)
Comment: The [JPL Development Ephemeris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory_Development_Ephemeris) incorporates relativistic corrections.
Answer: It depends on the precision you want to have.
If you want to do precise navigation, you will have to consider all relativistics effects, especially on the clock. There are general relativistic models for space-time coordinates, to consider dilatation of time (TDB scale time for example). You can find IERS conventions here. But this case only applies if there is a clock on board the satellite (like GPS).
If you want to just perform the navigation by considering accelerations you can choose to consider or not relativistic accelerations. The amplitude of the relativistic acceleration is close to 10-9 lower than GM central acceleration.
There is this book (Moyer) which describes precisely accelerations to consider, particularly the point mass Newtonian accelerations and relativistic accelerations.
Comment: Can you give an example of a mission that was pure Newtonian and one that wasn't?
Comment: @Organic Marble: It seems that the above provided reference on "_related but not the same question_" by uhoh has good information.


Display today events in SharePoint 2010 Calendar

Question: I want to display today events from the SharePoint 2010 calendar list on the home page. I have issues with displaying events that are spanning for more than 1 day. Ex:- if the event is from Aug 21 to Aug 25 9am to 10 am, and if today is aug 22, need help with filter condition to display the event.
Comment: Since I'm not sure where you are writing the filter, I will just answer with the logic and not the syntax:

IF DATEDIF([Start Date], [End Date], "d") >= 1, THEN IF TODAY() <= [End Date] SHOW EVENT.

I believe that logic should get you the results you want, but please let me know if I've missed the mark on this one.
Answer: We can create a new view and set filters like below. And then add list view web part in the home page and select view to the new view.
Start Time is less than or equal to [Today]
And
End Time is greater than or equal to [Today]


Addressing someone without punctuation?

Question: Before the introduction of the comma, how would the Japanese address one another in a sentence such as- in English: "I am going to the store, John."
By starting a new line on the paper? Period mark? Double spaces? ...Xに対して?
Answer: The answer is nothing. Japanese does not have a special form for vocative other than nominative (not many languages have), and before the introduction of punctuation, you can just guess it from the context that it is an address. Even today, you hardly see commas and periods in speech balloons of manga, that means you still have to sometimes. And it is not very difficult (no match for Biblical Syriac that you can't even tell question from declarative).
Classical Japanese had a particle よ like O in "O captain!", that was used a lot more commonly than today, but was far from obligatory. For example, below is a page from a manuscript of 竹取物語 (source), the oldest known Japanese novel.

In the line on the center of the right page, you see

くるまをよせていざかぐや姫きたなき所にいかで[か]…
(るまよせさくや姫き所)
...pulled over (the coach, and said:) "Come, Princess Kaguya, why do you (have to be) in the unclean place..."

and there is literally no punctuation at all.
The situation wouldn't change much either in English before the modern orthography, for example, a medieval manuscript of Beowulf (source):

You see lines in upper half contain:

...ꝥ hie þeoden min ƿið þe moton
...that they, my lord, with you (at the) assembly...

geteoh ðinra gegn cƿida glædman / hroðgar...
...issue your reply, gracious (man) Hrothgar. ...

all addressed with nominative, with no visible punctuation (the period-like marks seen in the page denote verse lines).
Comment: @EiríkrÚtlendi Do you mean 竹取物語? I think I can decode around 70% of letters in that page without textbook, but perhaps because I already know the plot. For Beowulf, you're probably better than me ^^
Comment: @EiríkrÚtlendi Beowulf has an advantage that you can look up most words on Wiktionary :D. If you are interested, I found a transcribed version of the book so that you can skip decoding hentaigana: https://taketori.himegimi.jp/takeda.html (should be the exactly same text but line breaks are totally different for some reason)
Comment: No, not exactly same because spelling is different; seems to be from an existing critical edition...
Comment: Oo, even more typographical fun!    Broccoli, can you read this manuscript?  I can barely puzzle out a few things, and for that matter, only because you included the text.
Comment: Ya, I meant 竹取物語.  :)  And if you're at 70% for decoding _Taketori_, I might beat that for decoding _Beowulf_ -- but the problem then, _Beowulf_'s Old English is considerably farther from modern English than _Taketori_'s early-Heian Japanese is from modern Japanese.  I think you and I both could probably understand _Taketori_ better than _Beowulf_!
Answer: I should probably leave it to a native-speaker or someone with a better understanding to answer.
But, a quick answer is that when you address someone there's never a particle like は or が or を following.  If you see ジョン without a particle or ジョンよ it's most likely direct address.  But also, context often makes it very clear that someone is being addressed.
Also, the older the material you read the more structured the writing style tends to be.  So whereas in casual speech particles can often be omitted, you are not likely to see this in literature from earlier periods.  But even when particles happen to be omitted, you can usually tell.
If I write in English

John pass the peas!

with a proper context, like you know John is sitting with Nancy at the dinner table, it's not too difficult to understand even without a comma.
The form of the verb itself can be a give away.  Is it a command, is it an invitation, is it a suggestion?
Yet also, when we speak, there are no commas.  Commas are a mere visual clue in written text.  In English, we barely have any inflected forms.  In the spoken word, we can hear the intonation and rhythm and understand what's being said.  In the written word, for English, this is all virtually lost. And so in the written word, in English, we need visual clues to guide and assist us--in fact, we've come to depend upon punctuation to a certain extent that makes reading older documents a challenge, particularly those from previous era when punctuation may have been less indulged in.
In any Japanese sentence, the verb must be inflected one way or another.  The form of the verb conveys a lot of information:  いく is not a command, it's a declarative sentence.  いこう is a statement that conveys some kind of intention. いけ is clearly a command.
To say ジョンいく sounds a bit odd.  What might you mean by it?  But, to say ジョンいこう or ジョンいけ can make sense pretty much on their own, no punctuation is necessary in the written word.  (Perhaps with proper context, ジョンいく could sound natural, as in "John, I'm going.")
Comment: "Let's eat Grandma!" → "Let's eat, Grandma!"
Comment: @EiríkrÚtlendi Indeed! Perfect.  That's an example I've used frequently in my classes.  I'm curious, though.  Are there similar examples in Japanese.

Addressing someone without punctuation?


2006 Hyundai Sonata GLS emissions fail

Question: I own a 2006 Hyundai Sonata GLS 3.3L v6 and recently gave it for some repair work after which the car failed emissions test.The shop told me that the oxygen sensor and Catalyst Monitor are not ready and I have to drive it for some time.
I am also using Turbo app with Bafx OBDII Bluetooth adapter to continuously check while driving if the sensor reads complete/ready state but its not completing.
Do I have to replace the sensors? ?Is there any specific drive cycle for this car as I am not able to find one on the internet.
Comment: Welcome to the site.
Answer: There are specific steps involved with the drive cycle. I pulled this from this site. You are not completing some part of it.

Hyundai Sonata Drive Cycle
STEP 1:

Make sure check engine light is not on and that there are no stored trouble codes in the computer. Use a scan tool to check for OBD II trouble codes. Any faults founds need to be repaired first.
Start the engine. Keep the vehicle in Park.
Idle the engine for 1 1/2 minutes.

STEP 2: (Steady State Driving - Part 1)

Accelerate within 15 seconds to 50-55 mph (using 1/4 to 3/4 throttle) and keep this speed steady for 2 to 3 minutes.
Decelerate to 0 mph without braking.
Idle engine then idle in Drive for 1 to 2 minutes.

STEP 3: (Steady State Driving - Part 2)

Accelerate within 15 seconds to 50-55 mph (using 1/4 to 3/4 throttle) and keep this speed steady for 10 to 20 minutes.
Decelerate to 0 mph without braking.
Idle engine then idle in Drive for 1 to 2 minutes.

STEP 4: (Engine Stop)

The drive cycle is completed.
Turn off the engine (key in the OFF position).

Also remember, do not erase or reset anything with your OBDII scanner during any of this, as it will cause you to need to completely redo the drive cycle. You won't know for if you'll need to replace any sensors until it gets past the drive cycle. At that point you'll see if it passes or fails.
Answer: Gas level must be between 1/2 and 1/4 of a tank for one of the EVAP tests to run, else EVAP monitor will stay at incomplete regardless of the how/when/external temps/etc. that you drive.
I have not ever let the car go from 55 to 0 on its own (without braking), for EVAP tests to complete, and they have completed without doing this.

2006 Hyundai Sonata GLS emissions fail


Clutch catches VERY high, is this bad?

Question: I have a '98 Rodeo and the clutch catches extremely high up the pedal. It's probably 1-2" down (90% up in the travel). The clutch does not slip at all and the car runs great. Is this indicative of anything going wrong? The clutch has about 50k miles on it.
Comment: Mechanics sometimes have opinions about where the clutch "should" take up. I know of one who adjusted it unasked on a relative's car because he was "certain" it should take up right at the top of the travel. The owner disagreed as she was used to it being lower down. She forced him to restore it to much lower down because it was work that wasn't agreed on or asked for.
Comment: Has it always been like that or is this something new?
Comment: It's been like that since it was installed.
Comment: The clutch on my truck does this as well. I can shift by depressing the clutch 1/4 inch. I have from time to time made the mistake of not turning the truck off when parking, and the truck will lurch forward and stall immediately. So I would say to try this test. With the car is on depress the clutch all the way; while, holding your foot firmly on the brake let the clutch out rapidly and if the car stalls immediately it is fine, but if the clutch slips their is something wrong with it.
Answer: The short answer is probably no, this is not bad.  Inconvenient at times but likely just fine.
The longer answer requires a little more information:
Is the clutch fully disengaged after it's depressed past that 2 inch mark?  Or is that just the point at which it really catches?  It's possible that the clutch is still slipping at that point, making for a very non-linear feel.
My old diesel VW Rabbit was like that, making it very hard to teach my future wife how to drive a manual transmission....
Answer: Every clutch is a little bit different.
As long as you understand where the clutch engages, you will be fine.  I believe the biggest factor in whether a clutch will last a long time is:

Riding the clutch, driving for long distances with the clutch partially engaged
Dropping the clutch, i.e.- racing starts
Slowing down the vehicle by downshifting and using the engine backpressure to slow the car down.

I have had a clutch that grabs a 1/4" off the floorboard and a clutch that grabs 1/4" from the top.  As long as you know where it grabs and you adjust your clutching style to match it, you shouldn't have any problems.
Now, if the clutch grabs close to the top, you can do quicker shifts, but I doubt that is important in a Rodeo.
Comment: Point #3 which is known as Engine Braking is a normal and perfectly fine operation to do and doesn't cause additional wear on the clutch as long as it is done well. The human element of the downshifting is where additional wear can come into play, if you don't match your revs well when engaging the clutch (be it up or down shifting) the clutch and flywheel meeting at two different speeds is what wears down on the friction material.  The further off in RPMS you are, the more wear you will cause.
Comment: Could this lead to any problems down-the-line? Will it move even higher as it wears resulting in it never fully engaging?
Comment: @jcm I do not believe there will be any down-the-line problems.  The variance in where the clutch grabs is wholly dependent on the levers in the clutch-pedal mechanism.  Only if the levers that actually cause the clutch plate to engage got out of alignment with each other would the clutch plate not be engaged with the clutch pedal all the way out.

Clutch catches VERY high, is this bad?


How do I kill a powerful player without PVP?

Question: A little bit of backstory: I've been playing on a vanilla SMP with some people I know, and my brother has become power ridden, due to achieving the best maxed out gear. He will kill anyone he finds, for no apparent reason, and enjoys destroying and stealing their bases to make his own. Unfortunately, he has become more powerful then me, and I can't defeat him with PVP. But, he isn't the smartest in recognizing traps that look like normal builds. Are there any traps that will instantly kill him, and look persuading enough to be a normal building? They don't need to collect his items, as he would find a way to collect them again.
Answer: Trap design in Minecraft is nearly as complex as it is IRL. It's about presentation, and the mechanism.  All traps will require you to prepare the field in advance, and to be able to do so undetected.  Given that you're looking to destroy him and his items, I'd recommend being the bait, yourself.
Here's a recent article with some ideas for reference: https://www.sportskeeda.com/minecraft/top-5-minecraft-traps-fool-friends
What Minecraft traps have in common is fairly simple:

A Trigger of some sort.
A damage-dealing element (TNT is classic, but puffer fish, arrow dispensers, and lava are all viable - as is straight-up fall damage in many cases.)
A lure to draw the victim in.

#3 is probably going to be your issue, unless your brother is hunting you the moment you login - in which case gathering enough materials to prepare the trap without getting killed first is the problem.  I recommend logging in when he's offline for the preparation phase.
The good news is, you know one thing he loves to do: PvP combat.
Most traps based on a structure will be defeated by the likelihood that he will simply enter the base by making his own door, since destruction of the base is a goal of his. So offer him something else to focus on: a PvP kill that will get away.
A dark cave that already exists on the map is a good venue for a simple "all the TNT" trap. Hollow out the ceiling and fill it with sand and gravel.  Place a button or pressure plate trigger connected with redstone to the TNT cluster under the floor (ideally the entrance-end of it, so that the explosion propagates from behind him, towards him, making him more likely to jump directly into it if he hears the fuse.
With a 1-tile-thick destructable ceiling (like dirt which occurs naturally in caves), and a large volume of sand/gravel above it the process goes like this:

TNT goes off, hopefully several blocks of it get him in their direct damage radius killing him instantly.
If that doesn't kill him, the ceiling above has been destroyed now as well, and he's in a crater beneath it, wounded. Being caught in falling sand/gravel will inflict further damage, and if he's caught in it he'll start drowning.
If you used a naturally occurring cave and he survives 1 and 2, he'll be pretty well softened up and hopefully dropped into a natural cave and be picked off by mobs - or you, if you didn't die during the triggering of the trap.

This will be most effective if you're in the trap with him. You will also die, and lose all of your stuff, but that's part of selling the trap.
If you survive and he doesn't, you can either grab his stuff, or get a bucket of lava and simply incinerate everything.  But plan to die in your own trap.
Some notes:
If he's truly paranoid about traps, then he'll wear a full set of blast resistant armor and the TNT won't soften him up as much as you'd hope, you'll need thicker sand-fall to finish the job.
If you want to go FULL ACME, and don't mind the mining/smelting necessary.... anvils fall like sand does.  Bonus points if you say "Meep! Meep!" in chat after he gets flattened by one.
There's a number of delayed trigger mechanisms you can use to add layers of falling TNT into the mix, five sets of delayed TNT of four blocks of more will absolutely kill anything dead, but the wiring for that is so elaborate you're unlikely to finish before being detected.
If he likes to kill with a Bow, simply place the beginning of your trap a few blocks before a 90-degree corner in the cave.  Flee from him around that corner. Now, to get the shot angle he needs to follow you around. Trigger as soon as he comes around the corner and begin attacking him in melee. In all the fuss he may not even hear the TNT fuse.
Trap design is a dense field. Good luck.
Comment: Oh, and when you hit the button, four seconds later the whole server will begin to lag like crazy. This is normal and expected. It will fade after the explosions stop.
Answer: In addition to the excellent suggestions by William Walker III about the setup, something else I'd recommend is TNT Minecarts.
The main weakness of a TNT trap is that the amount of time required to actually detonate may allow your target to escape by blocking it off or by shielding in time.
However, TNT Minecarts explode the instant they hit the ground if they fall enough. If you have a tunnel in a dark area, you can place leaves along the roof and put rails on top of the leaves, then put TNT Minecarts on top of the leaves (leave at least a 3 block gap from the floor to the ceiling, 4 is safer so you don't blow yourself up).
Now, all you need to do is lure your target to follow you into the tunnel, and then take a pair of shears and break the leaves directly above you as you run. Make sure you aren't sprint-jumping since jumping decreases your mining speed; if you just run, this will instantly break the leaves and drop a bunch of TNT Minecarts on top of your target, who will probably have a very bad time :)
I would recommend testing this out in a separate world single-player first just to make sure it works properly.
This idea is taken from a video by Dream where he used the same trap under a tree to kill a few of his hunters
Another fun trap you could try is the good old nether portal trap. If you can bait your target into following you or someone into a nether portal, and then block off the portal with obsidian after your bait enters, your target will have a hard time getting out. If they carry a high efficiency pickaxe on them, they can still dig out, but they must dig at least two blocks (if you block both faces entirely) and you can replace one in the time it takes them to dig out the other. This is mostly just really annoying because of the Nausea effect.
I don't remember if it's annoying to get out, or literally impossible; if I'm wrong, could someone correct me? Thanks.
Answer: What if you got your friends to help you jump him? Or what about this- right on the other side of your nether portal, uses lots of obsidian to create an inescapable box right on the other side of your portal with an almost completed wither and lots of TNT, bait him through the portal by wearing enchanted diamond armor, (netherite would to too expensive)then once he comes through, destroy the portal and place obsidian in it to keep him from relighting it, light the TNT, then place the last wither skull to spawn the wither and hopefully, the blasts would kill him.
*Potion of the Turtle Master would help
*Wither Roses on the ground would help but they may kill you before he does
Comment: *I'm not the most hardcore Minecraft sweat, so you may want to check if all that I said works out first