Submitting multiple distinct papers to the same journal

Question: I've recently submitted three papers to the same top journal over a period of two weeks. Can this fact alone impact on the chances of any of the papers being accepted? There is no overlap of content or dependencies among the papers, but I'm a bit worried that it may look odd from the editor's perspective and raise doubts on my work.
Comment: I've done this, but the probability of acceptance is no different to submitting the articles one after another -- i.e., the submissions are non-overlapping.
Comment: @pizzaEatingGuy this is usually true in CS conferences, but usually not true in CS journals. As far as I know, the reviews are only half-blind.
Comment: In CS the reviews are blind so the committee won't know if the papers are from the same author or not. Accepting a paper depends on how many good reviews it gets and whether they are strong or weak accepts. So unless there is a quota for the paper and there are many other strong papers it wont have any effect.
Answer: I imagine this may be field and journal dependent, but in mathematics (where we have lots of journals that can be good fits for the same paper, unlike some other fields), this can reduce the chance of acceptance.  Editors are under pressure to reject lots of submissions (e.g., they may have quotas), and if you have two (or more) simultaneous submissions, and the decisions are not no-brainers, many editors like accept one and reject the other(s).
Note: in mathematics, there's a tendency (not a strict rule) for people not to publish the in the same journal too often, and one of my colleagues recently got a rejection because they has "published too recently" in that journal.  (I don't think it's good to enforce this practice as a rule, but apparently some people do.)
Answer: I agree with @kimball and disagree with the comment from @prof_santa_claus.  As an associate editor of several publications and a former editor in chief of an IEEE magazine, I think 3 is at least 1 too many. And it also depends on whether this  is precisely the same author(s) or just OP is intersecting.
I'd be ok if A submits with B and C and around the same time submits with D and E...especially if it's for a special issue with a single deadline.  But I wouldn't take 3 from ABC around the same time regardless, I'd pick the best one or two. And I'd be really careful to be sure that indeed, the overlap is minimal.
So I do think it hurts your chances, significantly, if all the papers stood a chance independently.  If one was a Hail Mary, you're just wasting your time and the reviewers, but it probably doesn't affect the others.
Comment: Would you desk reject one of them? Under this argument?
Comment: I also agree that this is less of an issue if the sets of co-authors are different.  I didn't mention this in my answer because it didn't sound like this was the OP's situation.
Comment: Not unless it was so bad i would desk reject even as the only submission,  but i would be very reluctant to take all 3 regardless of reviews.  If every paper had fantastic reviews that i trusted,  i might be hard pressed to reject,  but i would look for any excuse not to take them all.  Don't know that i speak for other editors with this opinion of course.
Answer: I help edit a number of journals in general medicine and health. In those journals, we would accept these submissions but would look out for salami or redundant manuscripts. I suggest that you need to address this head on in your cover letter to the editors. You need to point out in what way these two manuscripts are different. Help us reach more accurate decisions.
In addition, we have an editorial procedure that provides that we don't normally allow authors to have more than one publication appear in a single issue (the obvious exceptions being special issues, supplements or theme issues). This decision would be made, though, after successful peer review.
Good luck!
Comment: Would you say that the more dissimilar the simultaneously submitted papers are, the more likely they will both be accepted? Also, how would blinding to the author affect these factors?


What do you use to train your sense of rhythm?

Question: I am a keyboard player and recently decided to study bass guitar playing. I cannot spend much time for practicing - approximately 40 min a day, so the most of that time I am doing "spider exercise". When a virtual drummer plays on background I follow the tempo more accurately, than when I follow electronic metronome. Which way is preferred? What do you use for training your tempo sense?
Comment: Just out of interest, what do you do to maintain rhythm and speed while playing keyboards?  Instruments aren't all THAT different.
Comment: Try telling that to a drummer...
Comment: Alex: See also [this question and its answers](http://music.stackexchange.com/questions/1642/i-am-bored-with-a-metronome-should-i-get-a-drum-machine).
Comment: @CarlWitthoft, I learnt playing keyboard without using metronome, just played along my favorite recordings. I was surprised when found out that my fingers are not as tempo accurate while strumming strings as while pressing keys)
Comment: One of my piano pupils was not too good at time-keeping. Mum helped by tapping on his shoulder in time to a metronome, which aurally wasn't helping the child.A foot tap or head nod works quite well when Mum's not there to help. But some people can't tap and play...
Comment: I am trying to get rid of foot tapping while playing. Long ago my accordion teacher told me it looks immature for the audience)
Comment: Good point, @Tim :)
Comment: @Tim: The difference is that a drummer has an excuse to do it if he has a bass-drum and hi-hat in front of him...
Comment: My frivolity was obviously misplaced.You probably wouldn't see him do it anyway...
Answer: There are a couple of differences between a metronome and a drum machine.
A metronome just keeps a regular beat. Some electronic metronomes give a slightly different click to indicate the start of a bar, but that's all. Drum patterns have lots more elements that help keep you in time -- for a typical rock pattern, emphasis on the first beat, snares on the up-beats, hi-hats filling in between beats.
A metronome just keeps rigid time. Drum patterns often have a swing to them, which some people find easier to play to.
A metronome pattern is monotonous; it's designed not to be too obtrusive a sound, but that means it's easy to zone out from the metronome and play to your own time. The answer to this is concentration.
The basic practice of playing along to a metronome at one click per beat, has these mainstream uses:

For beginners who are just learning the basics of playing to a constant beat - as a way to provide feedback that they've strayed from the beat.
For intermediate players training themselves to stick to a tempo - rather than speeding up for the easy bits and slowing down for the tricky bits
For advanced players training themselves to play difficult parts faster - practice at a tempo you can manage, then knock the metronome up 2bpm, practice again, repeat until you reach the desired tempo.

The ultimate aim, however, is to be able to keep to a beat without the "crutch" of a metronome. Use a metronome as a practice tool, but only where it is useful.
You would very seldom perform with a metronome, or anything that sounds like one. You are more likely to perform with a drum machine or a drummer. Hence a metronome is a tool for practising technique. A drum machine is suitable for actual rehearsal.
One place metronomes are used in actual performance, or recording, is when playing along to a click track. A click track sounds like a metronome, and provides a way for musicians to stay in time with sequenced instruments, delay pedals set to a tempo, etc. Different bands and producers use a click track in different ways.
One method is for the drummer to hear the click track through an earpiece. The drummer must be well practised in staying in sync with a click track. The sequenced instruments will do their thing, and since the drummer is staying with the click track, they will be in sync. Other human musicians will play in time to the drummer. Sometimes other musicians will also have earpieces.
Some drummers are masters at playing to a click track, and some great drummers just can't do it. Keith Moon famously couldn't stick to a click track - he'd just get excited and speed away from the click.
One great exercise you could try is this:

Pick a pattern you want to practice, and the tempo at which you want to practice. Say 120bpm
Set the metronome to 120bpm
Practice against the metronome until you are comfortable with it
Now halve the metronome tempo to 60bpm
Practice at 120bpm, while your metronome clicks on the first and third beat of each bar.
Once you're comfortable with that halve the metronome tempo to 30bpm
Keep practising. Now the metronome clicks once on the first beat of each bar. You need to concentrate on keeping time yourself. It will be difficult at first. Hearing the click coming in time with your downbeats is really satisfying.
If your metronome is able to go slow enough, keep practising with one click per two bars then one click per four bars.

My video source for that technique
Comment: One may play using something like a metronome - a 'click track'. Maybe not as a bass player, but certainly as a drummer, or to put tracks down in the absence of the drum tracks. More as a recording help than performing at a gig, though.
Comment: Thanks for mentioning the click track @Tim - am adding something about it to the main body, because it deserves exploring.
Answer: A drum machine, like a real drummer, will often play 8 or sometimes 16 in a bar. Metronomes will be set to play each beat. This sub-division into smaller bits always helps you to keep better time. With a metronome, set it, if possible, to twice the tempo, or even four times.
Each time I listen to music in the car, I tap in time to a song, and when I go through a tunnel, losing signal, I try to still be in time at the other end. No tunnels ? Turn the volume down, then up several bars later. It's even safer to do this at home, with your sound system !
Playing with others is a mixed blessing - some songs will stay exactly on beat easily, others will almost ask for a slight speed up/ slow down as they are played. As a bass player, you need to team up with a drummer and play together lots.
Comment: Thank you, @Tim for quick answer! So as a beginner I will start to follow virtual drummer, playing 8th and 16th notes. And after gaining some experience I will switch to follow metronome, playing 4th notes.


Exchange 2010 add mailbox server to DAG error

Question: i'm having some problems when adding a second mailbox server to my DAG in Exchange 2010.
The test setup goes like this: 1x windows server 2008 (DC/DNS)
                               2x windows server 2008 (Exchange 2010)
I have made sure all services are up and running and that the "Exchange Trusted Subsystem" account is set as a local admin.
When i create a DAG i can add the first mailbox server (A) without any problems, but when i go to add the second (B) it gives me an error saying "Unable to contact the Cluster service on 1 other members (member) of the Database availability group.
It does the same if i add (B) first and then try to add (A).
Here is a part of the log file:
[2010-04-05T15:00:27] GetRemoteCluster() for the mailbox server failed with exception = An Active Manager operation failed. Error: An error occurred while attempting a cluster operation. Error: Cluster API '"OpenCluster(EXCHANGE20102.area51.com) failed with 0x6d9. Error: There are no more endpoints available from the endpoint mapper"' failed.. This is OK.
[2010-04-05T15:00:27] Ignoring previous error, as it is acceptable if the cluster does not exist yet.
[2010-04-05T15:00:27] DumpClusterTopology: Opening remote cluster AREA51DAG01.
[2010-04-05T15:00:27] DumpClusterTopology: Failed opening with Microsoft.Exchange.Cluster.Replay.AmClusterApiException: An Active Manager operation failed. Error: An error occurred while attempting a cluster operation. Error: Cluster API '"OpenCluster(AREA51DAG01.area51.com) failed with 0x5. Error: Access is denied"' failed. ---> System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception: Access is denied
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
Any help would be really appreciated, thanks.
Comment: only optiong was to re-install everything and sysprep the Vms. That worked.
Answer: Answer from original author Michael:
only option was to re-install everything and sysprep the Vms. That worked.


How to testfor blocks not people

Question: how do I testfor blocks?  like if I put down stone near a command block with a comparator attached to it and it will activate a piston connected by the comparator on the command block? please answer.
Answer: The command you want is /testforblock. The syntax of it is:
testforblock <x> <y> <z> <TileName> [dataValue] [dataTag]

So to test for a stone block at X=10, Y=64, Z=10, the command would be:
testforblock 10 64 10 stone

Comment: Could you also test for a block relative for the command block, say, like this: /testforblock ~ ~-1 ~ stone
Comment: @DatEpicCoderGuyWhoPrograms Yep.
Comment: Note that `/testforblock` is an upcoming feature and not yet in the latest stable version (1.7.9).
Answer: 1.13+ Update
/testforblock has been deprecated. New command is /execute if block.
/execute if block 10 64 10 stone

You can now run a success command directly in the same command:
/execute if block 10 64 10 stone run give @p diamond_shovel

You can also use unless to negate the check:
/execute unless block 10 64 10 stone run give @p diamond_shovel

How to testfor blocks not people


Boot repair failed - no GRUB found - what now?

Question: So I've installed Mint from a bootable USB. All seems to go well. However when I then go to boot into the install I'm greeted with a flashing cursor and nothing more.
After a bit of internet searching I came across the 'hold shift to force GRUB start', but that didn't do anything.
I checked the drive using gparted and there is definitely a boot partition on there.
Then I came across the boot-repair thing in this question which I ran. However it failed at the end saying there was still no GRUB present. The terminal output was:
<code>The following packages have unmet dependencies:
  linux-signed-generic : Depends: linux-headers-generic (= 220.127.116.11.71)     but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
</code>
I manually installed linux-headers-generic but I still get the same error.
So now I'm a bit lost as to what to do...
Any suggestions?
The drive in question is a 120GB SSD Vertex 3, and it's in a Workstation computer with a Xeon chip and MoBo with a Asus GTX960 graphics card.
Answer: Alright.
Found a solution. I had to change the SSD's access method or something from 'AHCI' to the 'compatible' setting. This fixed the problem.


Are Science Fair Questions On-Topic?

Question: Are questions about middle and high school science fairs on-topic? Of course, they wouldn't be about the content, they would be about the process of doing the research in the fair.
Comment: In particular, how would a question about middle school science fairs be related to life in academia (graduate school, master's level or higher). Is there some relation, for example, "will participation in a middle school science fair affect my children's future prospects in succeeding in graduate school?" will be on topic, however, most questions about high school science fairs will not be applicable to academia.
Answer: It will strongly depend on the particulars of the question.

Questions related to science fairs per se will generally be off-topic as being undergraduate or below.
Questions related to the specific topics of research will typically be off-topic on this site but on-topic on another StackExchange site (e.g., Biology.SE).
Questions about general research process and presentation, whether to mention your success in a grad school application, etc., would generally be on-topic here.
Comment: "Questions about general research process and presentation" are only on topic if they could also apply to graduate-level researchers, according to the help center.

Are Science Fair Questions On-Topic?


What is a different way to say "I choose this because..."

Question: I am writing supplementary applications for universities and they are asking for extracurricular activities I have done as well as a description for each.  In the description, I am talking about why I decided to join or participate in the activity.  I would like to highlight the fact that the decision to join the activities was my choice and not anyone else pressuring me.  The problem is that "I chose this club because..." I becoming overused.  Is there another way I can phrase it?
Comment: *What made me to get into this..*; *The reason I got into it is/was....* and there could be many.
Answer: there are multiple ways to do this. Rearranging the words to make it less obvious such as:

I participate in [activity] this was my choice because [reason(s)]
I also enjoy [activity] and [reason(s)] is/are why I do it

another way would be to eliminate the 'i chose this because' part, such as:

One activity I am a part of is [activity]. [reason(s)] made me think it would be a good choice for me.

example:

I am a part of many extracurricular activities, including but not limited to Swim Team, Boy Scouts of America, and Church small group. I entered BSA(Boy Scouts of America) because I am a hard worker and thought it would be fun to go camping every month. My troop has a high level of control by the scouts, while the adult leaders don't do very much. I like this high level of control because I get to make more decisions, such as what we will eat at the next camp-out, or where we will go. I earned my Eagle award last year, and had a blast doing so. Thank you for taking the time to read this and I hope you will consider me.
from: Steve Lastname

although, that might not be the same level of professionalism you're looking for.


Is there a thought in Buddhism which stand for the thinker itself as a thought?

Question: Usually our thoughts have a certain content or object, but in some way one can say that it is the person who has the thoughts. But is there also a mental thought involved of this thinker as a thought? How is this named in Buddhism? Is that 'ego', also as a thought possible? I hope it is clear what I mean....
Answer: Perhaps you're thinking of various words which are translated as "mind" or "consciousness".
I think it's said that the mind is aware of thoughts -- or if not "mind" then "consciousness of mental activity" ... in the same way that "eye consciousness" is aware of sights, and "ear consciousness" is of sounds.
Western philosophy has theories like "I think, therefore I am"; but I think that Buddhist doctrine includes statements such as, "I am not these thoughts, these thoughts are not mine, and are not me."
Because you're constantly aware of them, though (in the same way that a dog who is tied to a post will be constantly aware of the post), you might be inclined to view them as "me".

Or the word you're asking for may be "self-view" or "identity-view", which is a view (or thought) that the "self" exists. Or if it's not a fixed/permanent view, it might be called "pride" or "conceit". See ...

What are examples of identity-view? and
How are 'conceit' and 'identity-view' not the same?

... for some further answers about these topics.


Which 2018-2020 sets are good for roof parts?

Question: What 2018-2020 sets are best for roof parts, such as corner slopes, 2x2 slopes, 2x4 slopes, etc.?
Comment: @bryantp26 I think OP's preference is chose from sets that are still fresh and widely available.
Comment: Just out of interest, why only 2018-2020 sets?
Comment: @Alex OK. thanks!
Comment: yes I'm looking for sets available on stores. Because giving bricklink order from another country is taking too much time because of covid related situations.
Answer: I would suggest to look into buying individual parts on Bricklink in desired color, shape and amount. Any other set you can buy most likely won't have all the parts you need and you are left with otherwise unnecessary elements.
If you really need a set with roof specific parts, the set I could think of now is Emmet's Dream House/Rescue Rocket (70831). Selection of slopes isn't ideal and color (blue) may not fit your need, however the amount of specific items is substantial compared to other sets. Newbury Haunted High School (70425) could also be a candidate for some number of slopes, but it is still rather limited.
Alternatively, you could look into creating your roof without using slopes. Take a looks at sets like 31078, 75954, 10267. You can build your roof with plates and tiles if used wisely.
Comment: I've bought thousands of slope pieces on bricklink. This is definitely the way to go.  There aren't many sets that have more than a handful of slope pieces.  When you get into more obscure colors like dark purple it is even more difficult to do this through parting out sets.  However, with bricklink you can corner the world market in an hour or so.  Bru-hahahahaha. ;-)
Comment: Yes I know bl is way to go but, since world is changing because of covid-19, it became more and more painful to get packages from another country, at least in my country. So thats why I'm asking especially for sets available on market.
Answer: You can try to get them from LEGO pick-a-brick searching for "roof" gives you quite a collection, but misses the ends and corners that are available, so add another search for "45°" to get them.
Combine this with Bricklink and buy whereever it is cheaper or where you can find the wanted quantities of desired elements.
Comment: unfortunately we don't have pick-a-brick in Turkey except LEGO Stores. And it is not allowed to hand pick items since when pandemic started.
Comment: In Germany, the pick-a-brick in the stores is now handled by the personal: They have a display of available pieces and you can ask for them by their code (like 'E6'). Works well.


What makes a good community advert?

Question: The Community Promotion Ads - 2013 question has recently appeared on meta. In a comment there, tohecz points out that the stats for the 2012 ads show that older ads get far fewer clicks than newer ones. This raises the question of how many ads to reuse, and more generally what makes a good ad. The main thread is for ads themselves, so I'm opening this question to discuss the wider area: what should be advertised, do the ads themselves need to change or just the graphics, etc.
Comment: just a few thoughts -- is the declining click-through status of old ads the function of a relatively stable user population, who are already familiar with what's being advertised?  if these "stable ads" are removed (since they're not news to the old users), what would that mean for new recruits to the site?  maybe everyone here already knows about ctan and tex live, but it seems to me that these resources are essential to the tex community, so they shouldn't be ignored entirely; what this means re ads, i don't know.
Comment: @barbarabeeton That's broadly what I suspect too: many of the click-throughs on new ads may be from 'regulars'.
Answer: An ad should clearly convey what the product is that it advertises. What this means in details is highly dependent on the expertise of the beholder, but we should probably assume a user that doesn't know a lot.
Here's a tendency I noticed in many ads, which should be read as a hypothesis, not a factual statement: Creators of ads think: "How can I express what this complex product is in a concise way?", which leads to ads with the product's name and some sort of a logo; this makes it very clear to people who already know the product (who are not the target group), but very hard to grasp for potential new users. Instead, I propose, creators should think "Why is this product relevant to the user?", and create ads that feature one or very few strengths or samples of the product -- risking that the ad doesn't provide a well-balanced picture of the product as a whole. This risk is acceptable, since ads certainly don't aim to explain the pure nature of a product, but rather want to make the beholder curious about the product and want to try it. While the "represent the whole product" approach may be more objective and thus appear "fair"/"not like tricking the user into something", I think it lacks effectiveness and results in relatively uninteresting ads. The "evoke curiosity" approach is subjective and bears the risk of being misleading, but I think our community would catch misleading ads through voting and discussion. The latter approach might require more effort on the side of the ad creator, but in my experience, that's virtually always been the case when you want to put yourself in the situation of someone else and convey information to them in an accessible manner -- which, after all, is always the case in situations of communication.
(This is the most certainly imperfect result of my pseudo-marketing skills with a background in pedagogy, but I thought it would at least provide some interesting background for discussion.)
Comment: looking at the postings so far in this light, i think the following are sufficiently self-explanatory: "help the community grow/twitter", meta and blog "visit", tex live, and the uk tex faq.  ctan and tug, maybe not.  tugboat probably not.  comp.text.tex, almost certainly not (although i like it a lot).  what can be done to upgrade the ones that are lacking?  (maybe for tugboat, a caption "Journal of the international TeX Users Group"?)
Answer: I would like to modify some of the ads, this seems to be too long for a comment so I make it an answer. As well, I'm not a good in computer graphics so I cannot make the ads if they have to be nice.
The reasons why I think it should be renewed are numerous, one of them is that they have low impact, possibly because people don't know what they are. So my suggestions go to making the ads more explanatory by short texts.

TUG: Let's make "Do you know that TeX.StackExchange is a member of TUG" (I know that it's not 100% precise, but still ok) Possible link: Do we want Stack Exchange to become an institutional member of the TUG?
DANTE: I have nothing against DANTE but I believe that something like "Many countries have their user groups" pointing to (to-be-made) thread listing most of them. The ad could be colourful with either the coutnry flags or with some sensitive composition of the groups' logos.
TUGboat: I somehow second idea by barbara in comment to doncherry's answer, I would make the text something like: "TeX.SX members write to TUGboat" with a link to the issue containing the Stephan Kottwitz' article about TeX.SX.
CTAN: Add "Find your TeX package info on <CTAN logo>"
UK TeX FAQ, comp.text.tex: Again, I think that a summarizing thread is possible and we can add http://www.latex-community.org/ and maybe some others.
Comment: Something like a strong *[I want YOU in TUG](http://i.stack.imgur.com/OMF8v.png)* ad? `:)`
Comment: @barbarabeeton: My attempt on the TUGboat: http://i.stack.imgur.com/BsWqc.png
Comment: while some tex.sx members *do* write *to* tugboat, i think you mean "write for tugboat".  or maybe "publish in tugboat" ("are published in tugboat" would be more precise, but it's too long).
Comment: for the uk tex faq, comp.text.tex, et al., how about "other good places to find answers to your questions"?
Comment: @barbarabeeton I would leave there the logo, just a bit smaller. Now I think of a text: "TUG WANTS YOU!" + logo.
Comment: On the TUG ad, I'd suggest less text, for example 'StackExchange supports ...' or similar
Comment: re "tug", unless you're going to leave in the logo, should you really assume that everybody knows what "tug" is?
Comment: re dante and language-specific groups in general, the names of the groups often don't divulge the "host" country or language; in fact, the namers sometimes went to great lengths to be misleading -- dante = german; gutenberg = french; italic = an irish-based mail list.  (having been present when some of these names were chosen, i assure you it was done intentionally and with great hilarity.)
Comment: @barbarabeeton I take it that the founders of UK-TUG were lacking in imagination :-)
Comment: @JosephWright: "The Royal TeX Society", where all members must use monocles and top hats. `:)`
Comment: @PauloCereda -- that works, and very nicely too.  thanks.
Comment: @JosephWright -- or maybe they were influenced by an early member who had lived with the initials "spqr" all his life, and favored something not so showy.  (i *don't* know if this was a factor, but i am very happy to be acquainted and have worked on tex projects with the personage cited.)
Answer: In the online advertising world, a lot of advice exists on creating effective calls to action, e.g. How To Write A Killer Call To Action.
Out of the Community Promotion Ads - 2012, the one labeled "answer the unanswered questions" by @Paulo Cereda seems to best follow recommended principles, such as:

Use buttons: Buttons make it obvious that the user can click on them.
Use colour: Getting people to notice your request is half the battle.
Use action words and phrases: Use action words like "Click here to read more".
This can be enhanced by the use of symbols that spur action like ">>" or the down arrow.
Incentivise your call to action: Use a free report or consultation to give your customers extra incentive to take the desired action. "Download free report" etc.
Create social proof through trusted sources.
Speak to your readers' innermost desire.
Create a relevant offer.
Create a sense of urgency.
Align the CTA with a landing page.

As for the ads' placement on the page:

Respect its personal space: Do not bury it in noise. Leave lots of space around it so that it stands out.

What makes a good community advert?


Yama depiction on various Tankas

Question: I saw many images of the circle of existence represented with Yama, the lord of death, with a tiger skin and a third eye. Why is he represented in this way?
Answer: I believe that it is a depiction of Mahakala, rather than Yama.
In the Chinese Buddhist Encyclopedia page Mahakala is a Protector of all Tibetan Buddhism, we find this info:

The Form varies according to the different teaching lineages. For
example, there is the two-armed, big-mouthed Mahakala Bernakchen of
the Karma Kagyu, the four-armed Mahakala who is protector of the
Drikung Kagyu, and six-armed Mahakala of the Gelugpas described below.
They are not all wrathful forms of Chenresi [Skt.: Avalokiteshvara)
although:

"There is an emanation of Avalokiteshvara which arose in the Form
of Mahakala and this is the Shangpa Kagyu Mahakala with one face and
six arms, in a standing posture. This Form was later adopted by
Tsongkhapa and followers as the main protector of the Gelugpa School.
Mahakalas can arise from various sources namely Vajradhara and
the Anuttarayoga Tantras but are not generically Avalokiteshvara."
~ Jeff Watt, Himalayan Art

There is a white one associated with prosperity, and also a eunuch and
some feminine forms, but it is incorrectly held that there are 75
variants.

Regarding the symbolism around Mahakala:

Symbolism of Mahakala in the 6-armed Manifestation:
The Protector's Body is midnight blue, symbolic of the changeless
Dharmakaya.
His three eyes symbolize his Knowledge of the past, present and
future, and also the manifestation of the three bodies of Buddha.
The crown adorned with five skulls symbolizes the transformation of
the five poisons of Anger, desire, Ignorance, jealousy and pride into
The Five Wisdoms.
His six arms symbolize the attainment of the six Perfections:
Generosity, Patience, Morality, Diligence, Meditation and Wisdom. The
kartika or triku [or trigu, pron. tigu] the Ritual curved knife, cuts
Attachment to ego.
The kapila or skull bowl filled with blood symbolizes the subjugation
of the maras or Evil ones. (An alternate interpretation can be found
in other contexts.)
The rosary symbolizes his continuous activity for the benefit of
beings.
The Damaru or hand-drum symbolizes his Power over the Dakinis. (Also,
different interpretations in other contexts.)
His trident symbolizes his Power over The Three Kayas -- the spheres
of desire, Form and formlessness. (An alternate interpretation can
also be found.)
The lasso binds those who break their vows.
His two feet are the means and the Wisdom to accomplish his task. That
his left leg is straight and his right leg bent symbolize his
accomplishment of the benefit to oneself and to others. He tramples on
a vinayaka, to symbolize his destruction and dispersal of great
obstacles.
The sun on which he stands symbolizes his illumination of the darkness
of Ignorance.
His Lotus seat symbolizes purity undefiled by Samsara.
The surrounding blazing Fire symbolizes his activity that consumes
neurotic states.
The tiger skin stands for Purification of desire; the elephant skin
for Purification of pride, and the snake, for the Purification of
Anger.
His other ornaments together symbolize that he has all the qualities
of a Buddha.
The material about the symbolism of 6-armed Mahakala derives from a
Gelugpa sadhana (Ritual) of Tara that includes an Offering to
Mahakala.
Comment: Thank You. Also if sometimes i read the Chinese Encyclopedia website, i found it sometimes lacking of original sources . For example http://www.khandro.net/deity_Mahakala.htm is the original source used to describe in detail Mahakala as a protector of Vajrayana Buddhism.
Comment: The snake represents anger -- see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_poisons -- so I expect that the "tiger" and the "elephant" represent desire and pride respectively ... and their skins represent being purified thereof (I'm not sure why, I suppose it's to do with the animal being killed, emptied, vanquished, disappeared, harmless). I've also seen "elephants" before representing "pride" -- https://www.google.com/search?q=%22rutting+elephants+of+pride%22 -- in 12th century South Indian poetry, but maybe that shows that's a standard idiom. The tiger's representing "desire" seems plausible too.

Yama depiction on various Tankas


Nintendo Switch Sharing

Question: If I were to buy a game and play it on my friends switch (since I do not have a switch anymore but am trying to buy one again), is it possible to transfer that save data from my friends switch to my new switch? I think I read somewhere that I would need to be logged into a switch with my nintendo account?
Answer: You'll have to log-in your Nintendo account at your friend's Nintendo Switch, play that game, save some data. But 3 things ware needed before :

Your Nintendo account should have Nintendo  Switch Online membership enable
The game you played must have Save Data Cloud Backup support
Connect Nintendo Switch to internet

After that, you can  sync your saved game to your new Nintendo Switch.

UPDATE
Here's some unofficial list of games so far that doesn't support Save Data Cloud Backup
reddit thread
nintendo life
Answer: There is an option under the Settings menu found on the Home screen that is labeled Transfer Account. While I've never used it, its description says it is to transfer a user account from one Switch device to another Switch device. While you'll probably need the games in order to make any saved data work, it should allow you to move everything you've done on your friend's Switch to your own Switch when you buy a new one. Just make sure you are using your own account for everything you want to keep, because there is no way to copy an account or differentiate which games or save files within an account should get transfered.

Nintendo Switch Sharing


How to present math as something interesting?

Question: If you are helping someone with mathematics in high school, what do you need to do to win his attention so she/he can focus on curriculum?
Comment: If you can't successfully tie mathematics to the person's interests (say, statistics to sports, etc.) it is pretty hard to get them interested. Especially teenagers, who are naturally resistent. @Siminore There is a difference in English between "fun" and "funny." Funny means makes you laugh, "fun" just means enjoyable. Mathematics can be fun for some people.
Comment: Shouldn't this be moved to meta?
Comment: That's the hardest part. I'm also much interested in the answer.. :)
Comment: Mathematics is both a set of tools and a discipline. Most human beings need it to survive, and some become scientists. In my opinion, mathematics should not be presented as something funny, since it isn't at all.
Comment: @simionore Maybe not funny, but why not *fun*?
Comment: @ThomasAndrews I mean that many students hate mathematics because it is hard, and that's the way it should be. Mathematics is different than football, we all know. I do not like those books and those teachers that want to convince students that mathematics is easy and cool.
Comment: @PeterTamaroff Anybody can have fun with anything. Of course mathematicians have fun while they are doing mathematics, and others have fun while they are translating from latin or ancient greek. But I think this is a level we reach by ourselves, and not because a teacher showed us that we can reach it.
Comment: @Siminore: I think you are making a binary classification fallacy that students either will find an interest in the subject on their own or are not willing to seriously engage in it. While there are students that fit both descriptions, there are *many* students that will become interested and willing to put in the necessary hard work if they find the problems they are studying compelling, but not otherwise.
Answer: I've had success only two times that I can remember in getting students interested. The first time was with a younger student in fourth grade. We were talking about something unrelated to his interest in math when he asked me about bigger numbers. I explained that Google was named after a fairly large number (albeit mispelled) and that there is an even larger number, googolplex, which cannot be written out as a 1 followed by zeroes because there are fewer atoms in the universe than there are zeroes in googolplex. Somehow that changed his whole attitude about math. My theory is that he was able to go to school with that knowledge and impress his friends, which made him see math as something useful in his life. I think somehow exposing a child to the majesty of mathematics without having a homework problem or any "work" involved can really help. You don't have to tell someone a flower is beautiful or smells nice, and telling them to go to an arboretum won't be as effective as bringing a flower right to them. Then they will see for themselves.
The second time was with a high school boy who asked the age-old question of why we study math at all if we're never going to use it. I compared the study of math (and Shakespeare and making telegraphs with batteries and lightbulbs) to a muscle building workout. We might do bench presses to strengthen our muscles to help with playing sports or wrestling a bear, but when we are throwing a football or fighting a bear, the actual motions we make are nothing like a bench press. Likewise with math, we are doing brain exercises that strengthen certain parts of our brain, but when we actually use those parts, it might have nothing to do directly with mathematics. In this case, I think the student respected the fact that I didn't try to tell him that he would be calculating his gas mileage in the future, and not glorifying math above other subjects like english or science connected with his teenage cynicism. And maybe in his case he did not start finding math interesting as much as he respected math education in school enough to start doing his homework.
Both of those events were more luck than design. I do have some thoughts on the subject that are more direct:

Be an interesting person who is honestly interested in math, and figure out why you find it interesting.
Connect with your students and learn about them. Education starts with a relationship between a teacher and one or more students. Build that relationship and trust. How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie is a good, short book on connecting with people. Being interested in them helps them be interested in you and what you're interested in.
Don't expect older students to ever learn to love math. Some might, most who don't already love it probably won't learn to love it. Claims that they will use it in some way usually ring false to these students who have been trained to be addicted to calculators and computers. Sometimes merely justifying the learning of it for grades needed to graduate and do whatever the student really wants to do are enough to get them to put in some work.
Some students are not ready to be reached. I'm currently tutoring a high school girl whose father just passed away. If our lessons distract her from her grief for just a few minutes I consider that a win. Some students have much bigger problems than math, grades, graduation, or thinking about the future, and it might take more than we can offer to take their minds off of their other problems.
Comment: I hope that kid became a googologist, which is someone who studies large numbers :-)
Answer: If you have not already, then I highly recommend you read A Mathematician's Lament. To quote directly from the paper:

"You don't need to make math interesting— it's already more
  interesting than we can handle! And the glory of it is its complete irrelevance to our lives. That's why it's so fun!"

It might not directly answer your question, but I'm sure it will give you something to think about.
Comment: Another quote from this paper: "Doing mathematics should
always mean discovering patterns and crafting beautiful and
meaningful explanations." In the paper that's as opposed to memorizing basic facts. Unfortunately, research shows that human brains at any age cannot discover new patterns without knowing basic facts. The facts almost always have to be memorized at first. Memorizing facts AND discovering new patterns should go together, in that order.
Comment: An interesting read, although his hypothetical nightmares about music and art education are actually real in many ways. Hungary does or did have mandatory music education, I've been marked off for having stems in sheet music pointing the wrong way, and don't even get me started on art teachers. In terms of math being mandatory or optional, if going to school at all is going to be mandatory, then we are justified in mandating any or all subjects, math included. These are kids we are talking about and they need rules and discipline as much as love and inspiration.
Comment: @ToddWilcox I think the author is aware of the necessity for memorization and rote learning to some degree (he admits this himself in the paper). What he was trying to convey was the absolute lack of any form of _disovery_ in the educational system. I certainly can't say I agree with all of his points, but it does make me wonder about alternatives.
Comment: Yes, I don't disagree at all with his larger points. I worry that some people will take away from it some ideas that are not so good. My favorite aspect of the piece is his comparison between learning math and learning Shakespeare (for example). Both can be taught just for the wonder of them, both *should* be taught for how they inform our human experience in society.
Answer: I'd say the best way to stir interest in math is to start with applications of math to a subjects they're already interested in. If someone, say, shows an interest in politics, than the math behind elections, the effects of gerrymandering, and the like could be a start. Maybe introduce him or her to the theorem which, under pretty mild assumptions, shows that no satisfactory voting system exists.
If someone shows an interest in biology, maybe population dynamics would be a good start. Or some of the methods usually referred to as bioinformatics.
The most important part is to show that math can be a very usefull tool to gain insights into a lot of different problems in different fields. In my experience, the reason so many people dislike maths is that is is percieved as a subject made up of arbitrary rules, bearing no connection to the actual world. So overcoming that has to be the first and foremost goal.
Comment: I wish I could say I've had success with this approach, but it has never worked for me with my students. That doesn't mean it's not a good approach, just one point of anecdotal evidence.
Answer: Mathematics is INHERENTLY interesting if it is UNDERSTOOD.
"Understand" does not mean ability to remember and recite and mechanically perform and willingness to conform and follow directions.
"Understand" means that you see what we are after, what we are about, what we want, what there IS to want, where we are going, what we are doing.
Mathematics as rules and arguments does reveal that or even hint at it. Neither does mathematics as rigor or reasoning or application or cognition or history or success or mathematicians or philosophy. Mathematics is about constructing and exploring. Promoting successes gives no clue to what it's about. It doesn't matter how many findings one remembers. Mathematics is ABOUT creating and searching, not pride in what was created and found. The relevance of mathematics is not in its application.
Mathematics is the physical science of quantity and the phenomenal developments that proceed from naming and symbolizing quantities, operations with quantities, relationships between and among quantities, and so on, including interest in the things to which quantity applies - mainly sets and fields and rings and algebras and whatever - and the astounding implications and properties of all of these and their descendants. The claim that mathematics is abstract surgically removes all possible interest in it except for exceptional jugglers or those who see beyond the claim. It is no more abstract than any other science. The fact that many of its findings can be proven is due to the nature of quantity and not the esotericness (esotericality, esotericosity, esotericicity) of the subject.
Answer: I suppose a good way is to point to them concrete things that math has done to improve our lives. The fundamental operating basis for an MRI machine (and a variety of other sophisticated medical imaging equipment) is based on results straight out of mathematical physics. If you ever need to go to the airport, a variety of large-scale optimization algorithms are being employed to schedule your flight in the most optimal and robust fashion. Additionally, optimal control theory is being used to guide the aircraft's flight (under the pilot's management). Then there is a whole host of mathematics behind the operation of cellular telephone networks, which I am not qualified to write about in great depth (other than that it is heavily based on phase-locked-loops and the Viterbi algorithm). An excellent, interdisciplinary example was demonstrated a few months ago at a presentation given on optimization of wind-turbines. In that work, they parameterized the geometry of the turbine blades to a vector of parameters. Then, they plugged their turbine blade into a computational fluid dynamics simulation, which computed torque. They iterated on the surface parameters until convergence to a maximum-torque blade design was revealed. That example pulls together an immense amount of mathematical understanding - the equations of fluid dynamics, geometry, optimization algorithms, Newton's Laws, electrical power systems engineering, and the numerical solution thereof - in order to increase electrical power output.


What do I need to change/add in order to add a field to the block struct?

Question: I'm trying to add a field to the block struct, and want it to be serialized just like the miner_tx and the tx_hashes (like FIELD(new_field)), because the block parsing is failing for me with my code ("Failed to parse block from blob" occurs when I start monerod and then it exits).
What should I change in the code that can solve this problem?
Answer: You would edit the block struct in https://github.com/monero-project/monero/blob/master/src/cryptonote_basic/cryptonote_basic.h by adding the extra variable and specifying the serialization field correct to the type of your variable.
Comment: The problem was, as you said in the comment, that all the others blocks on the blockchain didn't construct with this variable, and it sorted out when I opened new testnet blockchain from scartch. Thank you!


Whats the different between Use Case (in Software Development Process) vs User Goal (in Usability Testing)

Question: My background is system analyst, but while learning UX processes I have faced several things that confuse me; one of them is the differences between User Goal that is used in usability testing and Use Case that are typically used in UML.
Answer: A user goal describes what the user is trying to do, a use case describes how they do it.

Goal: Buy a car
Task Scenario: "You've decided to buy a new car for your family with a budget of £20,000."

Use case (this is highly simplified):

User clicks "Buy a car" navigation link
They change the max price to £20,000
They filter out smaller cars and view specific details for each car
They click "Buy"

In the UX field you're much more likely to see user stories and scenarios than traditional use cases.
Answer: Alistair Cockburn described the structure of a use case in his book Writing Effective Use Cases, e.g:
As a [user] I want to perform [some task] to meet [some goal].
[user] can be a person or a system
[some task] is the activity
[some goal] is what you want to achieve
A use case should be written in non-technical language. A use case may also contain additional things like steps and constraints, etc, but the core use case statement is very similar to a UX user goal.
Answer: This article on wikipedia actually does a good job of explaining Use Case. If you take the time to read it, you'll find there are a number of references to user goals and the examples and steps provided help to differentiate between the two.
Answer: In simple words, use case means the step that user will be carrying out to accomplish a certain task, i.e. the goal.

User clicks on New button
User clicks Select Files
User clicks Upload button

This is a use case to achieve a certain goal.
Answer: User Goal is the Result that user wants to achieve.
Use Case is the Scenario/way in which user is going to achieve that goal.
Here is an example.
You want to reach New York city. This is your User Goal.
You book a flight ticket. Pay for it. Get on the plane. Transit. Reach destination. This is your Use Case.
In short Use Case is series of related events/actions taken by you. While User Goal is the pre-defined outcome of this related actions.


How is using a transformer for isolation safer than directly connecting to the power grid?

Question: How is using a 1:1 transformer safer than using the mains straight off? Is it because you can limit the current coming from the transformer whereas straight from the mains its not current limited? I fail to see how its "safer" when playing with electricity is dangerous. Could someone please explain why it is considered safer to be isolated by a transformer.
Comment: @nitro2k01 2 years on :-). With an isolating transformer users contacting one leg of the system are protected only if there are NO faults to ground on the leg they are NOT touching. If there is an existing fault in another piece of equipment the system is rendered unsafe. in an isolated IT power system an additional transformer protects users "behind" the transformer when there is already a fault on the system. If the main system is configured to detect and act on a fault then the additional protection ,ay not be 'needed'.
Comment: I just wonder if you have the same situation using a isolating transformer in countries with IT-power system ? The earth is not directly referenced to either of the phases then.
Comment: @Safetyengineer Indeed, in an IT system, the whole electrical system is effectively behind an isolating transformer. Using an isolation transformer wouldn't give you any additional benefit, (assuming the IT system wiring is done properly) but wouldn't hurt either.
Answer: Without a transformer the live wire is live relative to ground.
If you are at "ground" potential then touching the live wire makes you part of the return path.

{This image taken from an excellent discussion here
With a transformer the output voltage is not referenced to ground - see diagram (a) below. There is no "return path" so you could (stupidly) safely touch the "live " conductor and ground and not received a shock.

From The Electricians Guide
I say "stupidly" as, while this arrangement is safer it is not safe unconditionally. This is because, if there is leakage or hard connection from the other side of the transformer to ground then there may still be a return path - as shown in (b) above. In the diagram the return path is shown as either capacitive or direct. If the coupling is capacitive then you may feel a "tickle" or somewhat mild "bite" from the live conductor. If the other conductor is grounded then you are back to the original transformlerless situation. (Capacitive coupling may occur when an appliance body is connected to a conductor but there is no direct connection from body to ground. The body to ground proximity forms a capacitor.)
SO a transformer makes things safer by providing isolation relative to ground. Murphy / circumstance will work to defeat this isoation.
This is why, ideally, an isolating transformer should be used to protect only one item of equipment at a time. With one item a fault in the equipment will propbably not produce a dangerous situation. The transformer has done its job. BUT with N items of equipment - if one has a fault from neutral to case or is wired wrongly this may defeat the transformer such that a second faulty device may then present a hazard to the user.  In figure (b) above, the first faulty device provides the link at bottom and the second provides the link at top.

Similarly:
Comment: Wonderful answer that should be textbook reading for understanding how current flows in an earthed and unearthed circuit.
Answer: Mains is referenced to earth ground: the same potential that you're standing on, that your workbench is at, that nearly anything you touch (that's not isolated) is at.   It develops voltage with respect to those items.
After an isolation transformer, the earth ground reference is gone.  If you touch the line side after the transformer, suddenly that becomes the reference for the whole system, and the neutral side (which you're not touching, and which would normally be safe) is a dangerous sinusoid with respect to earth ground.  The important thing is that the point you touch is still safe.
However, touching both sides of the transformer simultaneously is just as dangerous as not using the transformer at all.  Use one hand when working with high voltages.
Answer: It is because using an isolation transformer means there is no connection between the earth and the live/neutral wires. You could handle one of the phase wires (as long as you don't handle the other) with no harm as it doesn't matter if you are earthed.
Comment: I think in these Qs it really needs to be explained WHY you could handle one wire IF it's not earthed as that seems to be the crux of the issue each and every time this is asked.
Answer: The key part is isolation from ground/earth where you are standing.
Remember electricity as a flow of electrons, the electrons are always busy looking for the shortest path to earth.

If you are not isolated you will be providing that path for them, thereby allowing electrons to flow through you to earth.
The transformer provide that isolation because there's no connection between primary and secondary.

You may also provide that isolation by wearing rubber shoes graded for electrical insulation.
Comment: Chad - Hi, (a) As required by [this site rule](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/help/referencing), when we include something in an answer (e.g. photo, image or text) which isn't our own original work, we need to properly reference (cite) it. Those images seem to have come from somewhere else, so in order to comply with that rule, can you edit your answer and add a link back to the original source web page for each image, please? Thanks!
Comment: (b) You linked to your own YouTube channel. As explained [here](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/help/promotion) you *must* disclose that affiliation, which you didn't do. Unless there is a clear benefit for linking to (i.e. promoting) your own off-site resource, it's better not to do that as your answer might get treated as spam. It isn't clear what benefit that link adds, apart from promoting your channel (e.g. there isn't a specific timestamp on a specific video & an explanation of exactly what value that part of the video adds) so I have deleted that link as an undisclosed promotion.
Comment: You are welcome.


SharePoint Framework without command line

Question: Is it possible to build SharePoint Framework Web Parts without using NodeJS, Yeoman, gulp?
Answer: The three components included in the Microsoft SPFx framework are npm (the package manager), Yeoman (the scaffolding tool), and Gulp (the build system). You could ostensibly do manually what each of these tools automates for you, but it would be quite difficult. I understand there is some support for alternatives coming (e.g. Yarn instead of Gulp).
Comment: I understand that it might be difficult, the question was whether it is possible at all. If it is possible, how can it be done? Can it be done by using AddOn or nugets for Visual Studio instead rely on the command line of NodeJs?


How is energy extracted from fusion?

Question: I understand that combining deuterium and tritium will form helium and a neutron. There are three methods to do this (1) tokamak (2) lasers and (3) cold fusion. I would like to know after helium is formed. How is that energy extracted from tokamak and stored?
Answer: If you search the ITER site, ITER being the international prototype fusion reactor which will demonstrated the possibility of getting megawat useful energy from fusion, one sees that their main aim is to demonstrate this feasibility:
The main carrier of energy out of the plasma is the neutron, and methods to efficiently use this energy have not been developed yet, but wait for the commercial prototype.

The helium nucleus carries an electric charge which will respond to the magnetic fields of the tokamak and remain confined within the plasma. However, some 80 percent of the energy produced is carried away from the plasma by the neutron which has no electrical charge and is therefore unaffected by magnetic fields. The neutrons will be absorbed by the surrounding walls of the tokamak, transferring their energy to the walls as heat.
In ITER, this heat will be dispersed through cooling towers. In the subsequent fusion plant prototype DEMO and in future industrial fusion installations, the heat will be used to produce steam and—by way of turbines and alternators—electricity.

They have developed methods for cooling the system and dissipating the energy to the environment.
Answer: Another, non mainstream thought is the use of Helium-3 instead Helium-2 of as a fuel:
3He + 3He → 2 1H + 4He + 12.9MeV
or:
2H + 3He → 1H + 4He + 18.4MeV
Here the reaction products are all charged, which means that they could work directly on an electrostatic field, thus transferring their kinetic energy directly to a current. Depending on the reactor's design, there would also be bremstrahlung from the decelerating charges - this could be absorbed by water and maybe used as heat in co-generation.
The main technological point of these reactions is that there are no neutrons. There is some concern that conventional fusion may be "dirty", even as dirty as current fission power, because the reactor case will need to be replaced often owing to the huge damage it sustains from absorbing so many neutrons (indeed, as discussed in Anna V's answer, the neutron is the main carrier of kinetic energy, so it would be the case that would be directly converting this kinetic energy to the useable heat). These neutrons cause transmutations in the case, which means that there could be substantial radioactive waste problem.
There is active fusion research underway into the idea of helium-3 fusion. Indeed I understand that Harrison Schmidt is even seeking investment for moon mining operations to win helium-3 as a "clean" fuel. Clearly, once commericial interests and the need to convince investors are afoot, one has to look at  touted "advantages" of this approach with due skepticism, especially when touted by a conflicted party, even when they do show up at "physics" conferences to spruik their idea! Nonetheless, I find this interesting as it does show that mainstream fusion would not be without its waste problems.
Comment: It really stretches the imagination to believe that a lunar He-3 mining operation could be economically feasible, even if it is technically possible, since you must process tens to hundreds of millions of kg of regolith to obtain one kg of He-3. Solar power is a much cheaper alternative.
Comment: @MichaelBrown I totally agree with you, Michael. But it is a process different enough from "conventional" fusion that I thought the OP might be interested. What I find most interesting about this work is mainly that it made me aware that "conventional" fusion is likely far from altogether clean - which is the opinion that many laypeople have: the realisation that it may not be might tend to support your view of solar energy (I'm trying hard not to be too political on this site!)
Comment: It is clean in the sense that it does not spread to the environment, only to the acre or so of the reactor. I think the idea is that when the structures become non sustainable because of transmutations ( all, the reactor etc) they will be sealed for centuries and new ones built. The safety consists in that there are no gases to blow away, not material to explode and spread radiation far, no melt down possible.
Comment: @annav True. As I hoped I made quite clear, one must take due heed that the people touting the advantages are not only scientists, but also seeking investment - so they cannot be taken to be impartial. Nevertheless, there is some waste problem with conventional fusion. I think a talk I went to by Harrison Schmitt cited calculations to show that reactor cases might only last two years (clearly in his favour) - what would your take on this be?
Comment: you can peruse the http://www.iter.org/safety , and the safety answers in the FAQ http://www.iter.org/faq . They foresee replacing walls etc.
Answer: The basic idea in all three cases is that the energy becomes heat, and is extracted using turbines, just like in a fossil fuel burning power station. On a microscopic level the energy is released in the form of kinetic energy of the helium nucleus and the neutrons that are given off. These then collide with other particles, so that this kinetic energy rapidly becomes heat.
Answer: As others mentioned it depends on what the product is of the reaction. It's hard enough to get deuterium-tritium reactions to happen efficiently, but if we get the science down it usually gets more efficient as we scale up. If we can get p + B11 -> 3 He4 to work it yields 3 highly energetic He4 ions (alpha particles), which have a +2 eV charge and here is where I am fuzzy:
They have high energy, but are also highly affected by charge, so if the fuel was electrostatically confined, a bit of the potential energy will be given up as it climbs out of the well. Assuming it does escape with most of it's energy still, they easily interact, so by using a funnel that decelerates those alpha particles and induces current, it can directly capture this energy as electrical current, without steam turbines. That said isolating them from the fuel could be tricky.
I mean you can still do the steam turbines but p 11B is aneutronic, so the neutrons are less than 1% of the energy produced.
Comment: Alpha particles have a typical kinetic energy of 5 MeV (or ≈ 0.13% of their total energy, 110 TJ/kg) and have a speed of about 15,000,000 m/s, or 5% of the speed of light. There is surprisingly small variation around this energy, due to the heavy dependence of the half-life of this process on the energy produced (see equations in the Geiger–Nuttall law). Because of their relatively large mass, +2 electric charge and relatively low velocity, alpha particles are very likely to interact with other atoms and lose their energy, and their forward motion can be stopped by a few centimeters of air.

How is energy extracted from fusion?


Command of the Eastern Tribes

Question: Why is it that in Numbers 32:1–32 Moses only commands Reuben and Gad to cross the Jordan River, but then in Joshua 1:12–15 it has Joshua talking about how Moses commanded Manasseh to cross over as well? Some think these different commands are a result of the Yahwist, or Elohist communities of the Documentary Hypothesis.
Comment: Welcome to Mi Yodeya. This is a very insightful question, and I believe that one of the commentaries addresses this, as clearly it has to do with the phrasing in the verses and not what actually occurred. I recall seeing this a few months ago, as I had the same question in my mind. I'll try to research this during the weekend. I'm unclear what you mean by "Yahwist" communities. If your question is specifically seeking an answer from this perspective, that may be out of scope for this site. Please clarify, either way.
Comment: Hello there, I personally do not support the Documentary Hypothesis, but scholars think the reason for these differences in command by Moses are due to these communities Y, P, E, and D. One possibility for the difference is due to the fact that the only way for Moses to have commanded the Reubenites and Gadites was for him to be located south of the Jabb0k river. While the Manassites would have been living north of the Jabbok.
Answer: See Meshech Chochma commentary #43 on Bemidbar (Numbers 32:33). It is a long, so I don't want to copy or translate everything.
The gist of it is that part of the tribe of Menashe afterwards decided to join the other two tribes. Prior to giving the them the land, Moses bound them by the same conditions as Reuven and Gad. This is a Talmudic principle that states that a "vow" or "promise" made based upon a future event is binding once that event occurs.
The example he gives is in Talmud Kiddushin that states that if someone says, "You are betrothed to me once it begins raining." Once it rains, the woman is betrothed.

Command of the Eastern Tribes


Install another Settings app?

Question: Is it possible to install a different settings app than the one my phone came with?  Specifically, I'd like the official Google one.
Comment: The one your phone came with is the one that was designed to be used with the current ROM on your device. Look on XDA forums for root and a custom ROM (AOSP) for your device (since you don't mention what it is or Android version), you'll have the "Official Google" settings app then. Don't install another settings app from a different device, **you will corrupt you device** (possibly bootlooping or bricking it).
Comment: Not sure about this, since Settings app is related to system configuration, and every vendor may modify it (i.e. the name of activity, key, etc) and it may not be compatible with other Settings app.
Comment: If you've got a Galaxy s4 then you could install the settings app of the Galaxy S5, however I don't think it's possible to install a google settings app on a Galaxy S4 because what @AndrewT. said. Please tell your device name.
Comment: Agreed with above-- the settings app is tightly integrated with Android's framework.  You leave out a lot of information in your question-- your device, the version of Android, whether it is rooted or not, and what you're looking to get out of the new settings-- do you just want a different layout/presentation?  Or do you want actual features you've seen in other versions of Android?  When you say the "official Google one", do you mean Settings in stock Android?  The same or different version? FYI- Settings aren't part of the ["Google experience" apps](http://www.google.com/mobile/android/).
Comment: I currently am using Samsung Galaxy S3 Mini with default ROM, because I can't get flashing recovery to work.  I was hoping I could change settings, since it's pretty much the only difference now.
Answer: There's an alternative method here if what you're looking for is greater control and access to settings not available through the default settings UI: Settings Database Editor
Word of warning: you can possibly brick your phone if you don't know what you're doing, so proceed with caution, back up your data, and thoroughly research any customization.
Through this app, you can directly access and modify the db values for your various device settings.  This doesn't necessarily require root (might depend on device model & OS version), as you can grant some of the permissions through an ADB command.
EDIT: fixed link.
Answer: A Galaxy S3 is to highly customised by Samsung that you can't install a stock settings app. It will corrupt/brick your phone if you try so.
However you maybe could install the settings app of a galaxy s4 mini because it is almost the same. But I am not sure. do it at your own risk
Hope my answer helped.

Install another Settings app?


GPS or Printable map?

Question: Question for you guys, especially travelers like me do you prefer GPS or printable maps? I don't know but from my latest trip, GPS wasn't much of help. I had to resort to pdf maps from this site http://vectormap.info/ which have been very useful.
Comment: I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because spam o rama
Comment: Do you have your own smartphone like IPhone ? that should help you but I know in some areas they won't show up due to lack of coverage. How do you use this PDF ? What is the purpose for using your GPS ? What kind of GPS do you have ?
Comment: I only use GPS on smartphone, Samsung not iPhone :(
Comment: Ok, It seems like the GPS on smartphone are not always correct. Sometimes it takes a while for it calibrate itself. Have you looked up GPS apps on your Samsung ?
Comment: If [you](http://gis.stackexchange.com/a/213275/115) or [Lalu](http://gis.stackexchange.com/users/83891/lalu) have any connection to the maps that you are promoting here then I think you should disclose that before posing a question to which you want to propose them as a solution..
Answer: I always bring a GPS and two paper maps: one in my mapcase around my neck, and a backup map in my rucksack, in case I lose my mapcase including map.  The screen on a GPS receiver is far too small for wilderness navigation, it relies on batteries and on coverage (can be problematic in narrow canyons).  If I had to choose one I would certainly take only the paper map.  A paper map always works.
Of course, the importance of either depends on where you are hiking.  I usually hike off-trail and navigate based on streams, lakes, and mountains.  The GPS is mostly a toy, but can save a lot of time in dense fog.  When you're hiking on well-signposted trails in an American state park or in the vicinity of Swiss towns such as Zermatt and Grindelwald, you don't really need either a GPS or a map.  I still take both (although in this case just one copy of the map), but I'm a topographic map nerd who takes one even when it's essentially useless.
Comment: Exactly, screen too small haha but thanks for your answer I'm learning a lot here :)

GPS or Printable map?


Does speed or angle of attack generally have the greatest impact on total induced drag?

Question: I know induced drag varies with speed and angle of attack in straight and level flight.  Which factor primarily determines the amount of induced drag?  The speed of the airfoil through the air, or the angle of attack of the airfoil?
Answer: The change in angle of attack --as an end result of changes in speed-- causes the greatest difference in induced drag.
Induced drag drops with increases in speed because the faster-flying wing needs to deflect air by less in order to create the same lift.
Please read this answer which tries to explain induced drag much more intuitively than what you probably have read until now. With more air flowing past the wing per unit of time at higher speed, less deflection is needed, so the backward tilt of the lift vector is smaller. Since the weight of the aircraft should not change with speed, the same aerodynamic force has a smaller backward component at higher speed or in denser air.


Does a class or another attribute of heading (h1-h6) impact SEO?

Question: One developer said that it's better to avoid adding a class and another attribute to page headings i.e. to h1-h6 as it impacts SEO.
Is that true?
Or maybe it includes only h1?
Or does it not matter at all?
Answer: Applying a class is fine as long as you don't do silly things like move the h1 somewhere silly, make it smaller than your text or not the prominent title or make it the same colour as the page
Applying a class itself is not harmful. But you can do harm with your CSS
Answer: It definitely can. Headings determine what is important on a page from an SEO perspective. They declare to a search engine what a page is about and clue the search engine's spiders in on the content of a page.
A page is structured so that H1 is the topic of the page, h2 is often a breakdown of that topic and h3 is a break down of the h2. Here is a great example so that you can visualize this:

 Red Trucks

text talking about red trucks.

 Buy Red Trucks

 text talking about buying red trucks.

Buy Used Red Trucks

 text talking about buying used red trucks

Buy New Red Trucks

 Text talking about buying new red trucks

 Sell Red Trucks

text about selling red trucks

 Sell a used red truck

Text about selling used red trucks

 Sell a new red truck

 text about selling a new red truck.

Each step is a break down giving a bit more information on what the section of a page is about.
In this example:
H1 says: This is the general topic, aka red trucks.
H2 says: We buy and sell red trucks.
H3 says: We buy new or used red trucks and we sell new or used red trucks.
The page is now broken up into 4 sections as far as a search engine is determined.
Section 1: Buy Used Red Trucks
Section 2: Buy New Red Trucks
Section 3: Sell Used Red Trucks
Section 4: Sell New Red Trucks
This is important as those keywords are associated with those sections so if you put a link or something with one of those sections Google will assume that the page you are linking to has something to do with red trucks. Also if you put an image in the section google will assume it has to do with red trucks.
Now here is where your question comes in:
If the H Tags are mislabeled, it will make google start to question your content and your trustworthiness.
It expects the information in an h3 labeled sell new red trucks, to be about selling new red trucks. It has other ways to gather information too. Like if your image has an alt tag saying, "Bob arrested for arson", on the sell used red trucks section of a page titled red trucks, it's going to be a bit confused. You'll be sending mixed signals.
Having Htags that don't match the page will cause you to show up lower for certain terms in your initial rankings.
When a new page is ranked for the first time, Google tries to take the best guess on how useful it will be to its searchers. It'll look at factors like speed, technical seo, how consistent keyword strength is and more to attempt to determine the overall strength of the page. If the Htags are not used properly it will almost certainly have an effect on which keywords the page is ranking for and as a direct result, it will affect initial rankings.
On the flip side
Not having htags at all puts you at a disadvantage to those that do have them.
If you have them and they are used properly they help you rank higher on the search. If you have them and they are used improperly they will make you rank lower and will dilute your page keyword strength.
In Conclusion
If you are going to use H Tags for classes, try to make sure it shows up with the proper structure like the example above or you'll damage your SEO efforts.


Looking at Options Liquidity: what makes some stocks so attractive for options traders?

Question: I've noticed that options volumes can vary dramatically between underlying securities.
What makes some stocks (e.g. AAPL, BAC)  so attractive for options traders?
Answer: Option liquidity and underlying liquidity tend to go hand in hand.
According to regulation, what kinds of issues can have options even trading are restricted by volume and cost due to registration with the authorities.
Studies have shown that the introduction of option trading causes a spike in underlying trading.
Market makers and the like can provide more option liquidity if there is more underlying and option liquidity, a reflexive relationship.
The cost to provide liquidity is directly related to the cost for liquidity providers to hedge, as evidenced by the bid ask spread.
Liquidity providers in option markets prefer to hedge mostly with other options, hedging residual greeks with other assets such as the underlying, volatility, time, interest rates, etc because trading costs are lower since the two offsetting options hedge most of each other out, requiring less trading in the other assets.
Answer: The penny pilot program has a dramatic effect on increasing options liquidity. Bids can be posted at .01 penny increments instead of .05 increments. A lot of money is lost dealing with .05 increments.
Issues are added to the penny pilot program based on existing liquidity in both the stock and the options market, but the utility of the penny pilot program outweighs the discretionary liquidity judgement that the CBOE makes to list issues in that program.
The reason the CBOE doesn't list all stocks in the penny pilot program is because they believe that their data vendors cannot handle all of the market data. But they have been saying this since 2006 and storage and bandwidth technology has greatly improved since then.


Do charmed people realise they were charmed after the end of the spell?

Question: If you cast charm or dominate person on a person in Pathfinder or D&D does the target know (s)he is being charmed? And if (s)he does, does (s)he know this during the effect or only after it?
Comment: Related, possible partial duplicate: [Do you remember what happened during Dominate Person?](http://rpg.stackexchange.com/q/30427)
Answer: Charm doesn't modify your target's memories. Nothing in the Enchantment school description, the Charm subschool description, or the [Mind-affecting] tag description, suggests that the target's memory is modified in any way on top of what the spell text describes.
However, there's also no rule saying that the target automatically recognizes what spell was cast on him. He would need to roll a Spellcraft check, for which he has three opportunities:

DC 16 when the spell is being cast
DC 26 right after the saving throw is made
DC 21 at any later time

Since the "sense enchantment" function of Sense Motive does not specify it cannot be used on yourself, the target could also attempt to roll that check for as long as he is charmed, which is a flat DC 25.
Of course, realizing that your best friend has charmed you is not going to change your attitude towards him. That guy, what a jokester! Always pulling tricks like that. Once the spell fades and his attitude towards you returns to normal, he might feel slightly less charitable - but only if he was able to identify that he was charmed in the first place.
Comment: +1, my best friend suggested that he really liked this post, so I felt compelled to do so.
Comment: I believe it is different for pathfinder, you only get 1 spell craft check.
Answer: Charm Person does not mention any effect that deletes memories. The related spell Hypnotism spcifically notes that the fact that you were enspelled is forgotten:

Hypnotism: Even after the spell ends, the creature retains its new attitude
  toward you, but only with respect to that particular request. A
  creature that fails its saving throw does not remember that you
  enspelled it.

Charm Person has no such specific rule, instead it says:

The spell does not enable you to control the charmed person as if it
  were an automaton, but it perceives your words and actions in the most
  favorable way. You can try to give the subject orders, but you must
  win an opposed Charisma check to convince it to do anything it
  wouldn't ordinarily do.

This special kind of perception is probably remembered. But that does not necessarily mean the subject is aware of having been charmed. It could also mean the subject remembers the caster in this favorable way without knowing just why.
I would allow a spellcraft check.

After rolling a save against a spell targeted at you, identify that
  spell. DC 25+ spell level, no retry. Rules Compendium, p. 138

A successful check would automatically make the target aware that he or she was charmed. Failing that you could also allow a sense motive check.

By observing someone for a minute, you can tell if that person's
  behaviour is being influenced by an anchantment effect, even if that
  person is not aware of it. Rules Compendium, p.69

You certainly observe your own actions, so why not allow the check for realizing your former behaviour was influenced by a charm spell DC 25+spell level.
In case you have seen the caster cast the spell I would allow a normal spellcraft check DC 15+spell level.
Comment: Wouldn't roleplaying dictate that the target is aware that *something* happened? Since he likely remembered his initial attitude towards the caster, then remembers suddenly thinking of him in the most favorable of way, and then eventually remembering that they're not actually best buddies, wouldn't that character realize something has gone wrong? The list of answers for "what just happened" is pretty narrow.
Comment: @Ellesedil I think role playing comes into it. For example, if after a refusal the target is Charmed and then offered a good reason, like a bribe, he could attribute his change to that.
Comment: @Ellesedil In case the subject has seen the caster cast the spell the subject would probably ask his "best friend" what he has just done. Keep mind a charmed person would even "hold back" an onrushing red dragon "for a second". So an answer like, "I just cast a remove curse on you - you are free now" would probably be accepted. And isn't that enough reason to like someone?
Answer: I would say unless the target saw a spellcaster casting in their apparent direction, AND they chose to make a spellcraft check (if they have the skill), then maybe, that said, if affected they would still have them treat the caster in the best possible way. I dont think there should be any special sense or chance of detection that should allow a charmed person to think they were charmed.


Why 72-minutes for Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, and Northern European Jews?

Question: I am a Swedish Jew and want to know why we wait specifically 72 minutes after eating meat/flaysh before eating miklhigs. A lot of people say it is an hour, but my understanding is that a one-hour waiting time is actually Rabbeinu Tam (though is so frequently mis-cited as Northern European custom that you can find that everywhere on the internet), and the proper Swedish custom is 72-minutes. Why 72 minutes specifically?
Answer: See the באר היטב in Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 186, s.q. 8:

עד שיתעכל. ושיעור עיכול בשאכילה מועטת הוא כדי הילוך ד' מילין והוא שעה וחומש וכת' המ"א נ"ל דהאי עיכול תחלת עיכול הוא דסוף עיכול הוי' עכ"פ ו' שעות
Until [the food] is digested. The measure for digestion for small eating is the time it takes to walk 4 mil, and that is one and one fifth hours. And the Magen Avraham writes "It appears to me that this digestion is the beginning of digestion, because the end of digestion is regardless 6 hours.

My dutch wife tells me that the custom there is one hour, but her parents keep six so she may not be exact about it. If the Swedish custom is the wait 72 minutes, it would seem to be around this concept of waiting until [that stage of] digestion begins, instead of when it ends.
(The context in Shulachan Aruch there is the length of time one can still say the blessing after eating, not about waiting between meat and milk).
Comment: The Krasi Uplasi 89:3 says 72 starts digestion ,but acc to all opinions it seems six is necessary,excluding ofcourse Tosfos opnion.
Comment: @sam, some people wait 3 hours. I have heard that is a compromise position (between waiting 1 and everyone else waiting 6). Perhaps this is as well (based on this idea to at least push it out to the start of digestion).
Comment: The Gilyon Marhasha says 4 hours,never saw a shittah of 72 in the poskim
Comment: @Yishai I think that 3 hours comes from a combination of two kulos: 1. 6 hours are Zmanios (so in northern latitudes, there are 3 "real hours" in 6 "zmanin hours") 2. It takes the same amount of time to loose taste in mouth in the summer time and winter time, so we take the lenient time mentioned above year round.
Comment: @ShmuelBrin, that is a wild סברא.
Comment: @ShmuelBrin While it may be wild, that is indeed the 3-hour _svara_ for the Jews of Denmark. (Source: I'm Danish.)


Increasing Pixels

Question: I am having a company transfer a photo to a 17" x 24" poster board. They said I don't have enough resolution to upsize that much without losing clarity. So when I take a picture how do I dictate how many megapixels I am getting?
Answer: The only thing in the world that dictates how many pixels are you getting while taking a picture with a digital camera is... The camera.
1) First of all: read the specifications on your camera. If it is a simple camera, or a photo taken with a smart phone, the measure is for example 5 Megapixels, 10 Megapixels or something like that.
I'm going to use a round number: 6 Megapixels.
This is a round number because normally the photos have a ratio 3:2, in short, if you have 3,000 pixels on one side you have 2,000 on the other side. 3,000 x 2,000 = 6,000,000. 6 Mega Pixels.
2) How many pixels do i need for a print 17x24?
It depends. It depends on the quality you need.
A good portrait that you are hanging on the wall, about a family member, you can use 200 ppi.
200 of this 3,000 pixels on each inch your print has, so 3,000 / 200 = 15 inches... Ouch It is smaller than expected.
But in a general use, for a poster promoting an event, printed on a plotter you can use just 100ppi so you can print that same file to 30 inches.
In this example you can print 24 inches tall with a 6 Mpx photo with medium results.
For great results you need a 16 Mpx camera for a print that size with the 200ppi I mentioned earlier.
3) If it is the only photo you have... a unique moment in the history of mankind... it doesn't matter. It is the photo you have, and the size you want, and there is no other photo on the planet. So there is nothing you can do, but to enjoy your print.
4)  I posted an explanation of the relationship between image size and print size here
5) If you have multiple options on your camera, regarding different file sizes on your photos, just use the higher ones.
Answer: Short answer: Use a camera with higher resolution.
At the standard 300 ppi needed to produce high quality prints you need a camera with 5100 x 7200 pixels to produce a 17" x 24" print. Since most higher resolution digital cameras use a 3:2 aspect ratio, you really need 5100 X 7650 pixels. That comes to about 39 Megapixels.
Answer: If you don't want to buy an expensive camera with high resolution, you could stitch a set of images into one large image.
Depending on what type of image you want to print this is a reasonable way of making large pictures. If you want to print landscapes or other types of photography that isn't nearby, you could get fairly good results. For close-up shots it is less easy because of the different geometry/distortion when moving the camera slightly.
Answer: Also short answer: there are some tools that will "up-res" an image, effectively creating pixels where none exist to give it a higher resolution than it was shot at. For some uses, this can be effective. For other uses, you'll look at the result and it'll be acceptable, and sometimes, even great.
But often, you'll try it and the result will make you think "I should have used a higher resolution camera", as @michael Clark noted.
There's no magic here, pixels are defined by the camera's sensor, and the number of pixels a camera captures is usually tied to how much it costs...But this is why specialty images like billboards are still shot with medium format cameras that cost $20K.
Comment: Somebody mentioned saving it in a DSW file or something like that.

Increasing Pixels


Delete Photos from device and using the same device for uploading new photos to Photos afterwards

Question: It has been well explained here how to delete photos from a device without deleting them in iCloud. However, if you want to use the same (now empty) device to upload your future photos to iCloud, you have to sync it with iPhoto again. The problem is, as soon as you sync it, not only will the future photos be uploaded to the cloud, but your old photos will get downloaded again to the device you emptied. Is there no way to automatically upload photos to iCloud without synching them?
Answer: If you have iCloud Photo Library turned on on your device, it will sync all pictures on that library. You can use "optimize storage" if you need to free space on your device.
If you only want to have your new pictures on your phone and your whole library on iCloud, you need to transfer the pictures to Photos.app manually and then upload to iCloud from there.
Answer: No.  iCloud is a syncing system, not an offline/cloud backup storage system.
It's designed to allow you access to your files from any device logged-into that iCloud account.  It's an all-or-nothing system.
If you want a selective-file backup system, you need to use something like Dropbox or OneDrive.


Brake pedal bottoms out

Question: I have a 2004 Chevrolet Suburban. I changed the brake calipers because they were leaking. I think the brake system is working in the front but not in the back. Does anybody have a way to troubleshoot or solve this problem?
Comment: Please clarify the problem: what does `The brake system seems to be working in the front but not in the back` mean exactly? How are you verifying this? Also, please use proper grammar and syntax when writing your posts here. It helps with readability.
Answer: If you've changed the calipers and the pedal now goes all the way to the floor, chances are that you've introduced air into the system whilst you had the calipers off.
To fix this, you need to "bleed" the braking system.  At each brake caliper / wheel cylinder there is a bleed nipple or bleed screw.  The basic procedure is to start at the wheel furthest from the master cylinder, fit a tight fitting capillary tube over the nipple and placing the other end in a container.  Loosen the screw and have someone pump the brake pedal until the fluid runs clear with no bubbles.  Repeat for each wheel and your pedal should firm up nicely.
Remember to keep topping up the brake fluid reservoir with new fluid as if the level drops too low, you'll have to start all over again.
One final note, when you have the new bottle of brake fluid, DO NOT SHAKE IT.  Shaking it can introduce bubbles into the fluid which you don't want.
Comment: Even more of a warning, DON'T let the level of the brake fluid in the resevoir get low enough to reach the master cylinder. If it gets low enough you will have to bench bleed the master cylinder, and that will add a lot of time (hours) to the job. Keep that fluid topped off and don't let it go low.Remember that you have to fill both front and rear parts of that reservoir. Each one feeds a different cross the front and rear brakes. Missing this again means a master cylinder bench bleed.
Answer: I have a 97 suburban.  I am not sure how similar things are. I have replaced lines/hoses/calipers/wheel cylinders on this truck and spent hours of time and over a gallon of fluid trying to get it bled correctly. A couple things that I've learned and have helped.
If the master ran dry, be sure to bench bleed the master and ABS. Remove the lines, install short lines, and have them go back to the reservoir on the master. Pump until no bubbles. Reinstall the lines that go from the master to the ABS.  Individually bleed the lines that come out of the ABS pump.  I didn't try bleeding the ABS, but I think it would had helped as I am almost positive my issues were at the ABS pump.
A couple methods I've used:
Normal pump bleeding - Open the bleeder, push the pedal down, close the bleeder, release the pedal. This will help from air getting trapped. I never quite got it right with this method.  I was using the old hose in a bottle method and not closing the bleeders in between pumps.
Pressure bleeding - apply pressure to the master cylinder reservoir to push fluid through. Might had worked had the top been able to seal well, but it ended up just making a big mess.
Vacuum bleeding - apply vacuum at the bleeder. I've used a hand pump and a large vacuum pump.  Be sure to use a ton of Teflon tape so you don't suck air from around the threads.  If your line doesn't fit tight around the bleeder, you will get tons of bubbles.
Reverse bleeding - Push fluid from the bleeder back through to the master.  I build a 'tool' to do this.  A sauce jar with one line that I could connect to the air compressor, and one submerged line that would push fluid through.  I used a regular to limit the pressure to about 3 PSI.  Again, use tons of Teflon tape as to not suck air around the threads.
I ended up modifying some bleeders by cutting the tip off so I could screw it all the way down to ensure no air would get past the threads. Used a ton of Teflon tape. Vacuum bleed until I purged the line, reverse bleed, install original bleeder with a ton of Teflon tape, vacuum bleed until I don't see bubbles. Keep a good eye on the reservoir, you don't not want to run it dry or you will have to start over.
I think the reverse bleeding helps get the bubbles out near the master/abs where there is a long drop. The bubbles want to go up, and normal methods are trying to push them down. I might had had good success with bench bleeding the ABS first also.
You should also note, at least on my truck, part of the process is to have the dealer run an automated bleed on the ABS system. This takes a very specific scan tool. I tried several of my cousin's professional Snap-On scan tools, and they were not able to do the ABS bleed.  Since your vehicle is newer, there may be more scan tools that can bleed your ABS pump.
Comment: Bench bleed an ABS?
Comment: Basically try to get all the air out of the ABS pump before trying to bleed the rest of the system.  If there are bubbles trapped in the ABS, you will not be able to get it bled correctly.

Brake pedal bottoms out