How to clean little bottler

Question: I'm about to buy a secondary fermenter (generic plastic bucket and drill a hole to fit in a plastic bottle filler) for the usual reasons. I'm, however, curious how would I go about and clean the little bottler and tap? Will I have to pop it out every time I use it?
Comment: More details of the specific equipment brand and type will be helpful. Is this a bottling bucket, wand, beer gun?
Comment: Sorry, for some reason I didn't get a notification. Question edited. No specific brand, just something bought from eBay (unless you have an advise).
Answer: I would advise popping it out and cleaning it every time, cleanliness is next to godliness or at least next to not having contaminated beer.
Comment: cleanliness is next to having drinkable beer :p
Answer: Yes, if it can be taken apart and reassembled without damaging it. I would disassemble clean and store. Then sanitize and reassemble the valve and sanitize the bucket as a whole before use.
A clean sanitary fermenter and it's parts is critical. This is where your wort is most vulnerable to infection.
Line brushes are useful if the valve doesn't come apart. Rotate the valve shutoff and clean it in opened and closed positions. Like a revolving door areas to harbor infection get sealed off in different positions. Any wort debris left behind can negate sanitation.

How to clean little bottler


How do I root Samsung Galaxy Tab? (Verizon)

Question: I need to install an app which requires root on my Samsung Galaxy tab(Verison).  How can this be done?
Answer: I have not attempted this myself, but here are the steps that I found and seems pretty close to how I rooted my Samsung Galaxy S.
I am not responsible for any issues that arise from following these steps, including, but not limited to your device spontaneously bursting in to flames. I suggest you do additional research and see what others say about using the tools below and read EVERYTHING TWICE before doing it. And follow the instructions step-by-step.

The firsts step is to make sure that you have KIES installed on your computer.
Now download SuperOneClick Root App from here and save it on your desktop.
Once this is done, turn your Samsung Galaxy Tab on and connect it with your computer. Make sure that you have USB debugging mode disabled and sync with KIES.
Now disconnect Galaxy Tab from computer and enable USB Debugging mode. You can enable the USB debugging mode by Settings>Applications>Development>USB Debugging.
Now reconnect your tab again to your PC and tap the Home button so that your Tab loses sync connection with KIES.
Once done, launch SuperOneClick.exe and click on root. Please wait for 5 to 10 minutes while the application roots your Galaxy Tab.


How to make suggestions to professors on how to teach?

Question: This is my first time posting here and I apologize if this is not in the relevant forum or site.  My question is: is it possible to approach professors to changing their teaching style?   and if so, how would it be best to approach this topic?
Comment: The best way to approach it is very carefully.
Comment: What kind of thing are you proposing that they change, and for what reason? An example might be helpful.
Comment: In my school, all students in a course were required to evaluate the professor at the midway and final part of the course. Submissions can be anonymous and there are sections for providing feedback that is not on a 1-10 scale. Look into seeing if your school has methods for providing feedback. Keep in mind that you can simply ask them directly, as they can't change your mark because of it, but it may be wise to do it anonymously through the schools provided systems for feedback.
Answer: It depends on what your goal is.
If you have a particular course and a particular professor, and you want to see changes before the course ends, you may need some political power or not.  Many professors appreciate feedback, some don't, and you can usually tell by noting which ones ask for it.  If they do ask, follow their format for giving feedback, and add a note saying that you have more specific suggestions if they wish to discuss it further.  If they don't, you will either have to drop it or try a different tactic.
If the course has teaching assistants, you can usually give some feedback through them, although to promote understanding, you might give them a copy in writing to hand to the professor.  If there are none, you may have to submit feedback through the department; there usually are people in that department in charge of the quality of teaching, and they can advise you at least as well as on this forum.
If the issue is more with a person than a situation, then I recommend getting advice from colleagues of that person on how to make such an approach.  Through the department is likely the best way, but it highly depends on the situation.
If the issue is more with a class structure than a person, you can make suggestions, but they will likely be referred to the next class.
The applicability of all of the above is subject to class size, level of instruction, and many other factors.  Without more specifics, I imagine your best answer in the long run is by using official channels.  That way if anything goes wrong, the process can be blamed and not you.
Comment: @Lisa, then I suggest getting together some like minded students who would support changes you suggest, and then ask the "official channel" people first how to approach asking the professor to change, and what issues might prevent it.  They at least can tell you "Prof. X is cranky, I suggest alternative B".  There may also be administrative reasons beyond X's control for prohibiting change.  If you have a rapport with X, you can probably try a reasonable direct approach, but not just for one student.  Again, I am guessing this is an average class, and this won't work for all situations.
Comment: thanks for the advice.  It falls more under class structure (it is a straight 3 hour class). It's hard to follow with top-notched concentration especially if it becomes more of a teacher-led spiel than a student-led discussion.
Answer: One thing you might to do is go to office hours and ask thoughtfully prepared questions.
"I looked over my notes on X, and I still don't understand how it's related to the rest of the material. Could you please explain further?
"The theory is interesting, but I'm still confused as to how this applies to examples. Could you suggest where I should learn about these?"
"When you talk about Y, I gather I'm supposed to have mastered that already, but actually I haven't. Where should I learn about this?"
Possible outcomes vary. Maybe you will find that you signed up for a different course than you should have; maybe the professor won't care; but possibly, the professor will take your questions as some evidence that h/she should adjust his/her teaching strategy a little bit. (And will also answer them!)
Comment: thanks for the advice.  I just schedule an appointment with the professor and will keep those things in mind!
Answer: I think there is a misunderstanding. Although professors are hired by the university to serve the learning experience of the students (among other things), they are not "hired" by the students. This is a logical misunderstanding in US universities where students pay tuition but this model does not apply to the rest of the world. In this sense, professors, like all regular employees should and are evaluated (in terms of performance) only by their employer (university / state) and not the customer / student. Also, professors stay in many cases, for many years in the same institution where students (undergraduates mostly) stay for a limited amount of time. Therefore although the student might or not pay for the university services he is bound to leave eventually, whereas the professor probably outstays generations of students.
With that being said, one student's opinion is not really relevant. If the university has some sort of professor evaluation by the students, then the student by all means should clearly express his opinion. But going to a professor and just saying "I do not like your teaching style. Change it" is simply rude (and I say that as a student myself). How can I tell someone how to do his work when I have not done it myself? The same goes for all employees from waiters to bouncers (there such comments might get you in trouble), unless the employee has been rude to you and you must defend yourself. In all other cases, you should not tell people how to do their job, you can only tell them how you like to be treated. If you do not like the way they do business you must find someone else that suits your style. In universities where the professor grades you (and not the other way around) I would suggest even extra caution.
You should also not forget that your guess on what is wrong or right is based on only one opinion (yours and your friends) where the professor has based his  teaching style on hundreds - thousands of students. His style might or might not suit you. There is not one-size-fits-all. But why he has to change his style for you, when the things you propose might alienate other students? The answer is simple. In 99% of the cases he simply will not. Also consider the fact that probably your comment on his teaching style will not even be an original one (somewhen, somewhere some other student might have expressed a similar discontent to yours).
So, what can you do? Negotiate. Ask him / her for more slides if he has any; Ask him for more personal assignments or for pointing you to extra reading material, basically everything that will help you benefit more from his class. Ask him to repeat what you did not understand. But most of all ask nicely and with respect. That way if he says no, it will be his fault and not yours.
Comment: Your 3rd paragraph does many professors far too much credit. From experience, 'good' ones will think about teaching style and content format to be as clear as possible to as many people as possible (sometimes unsuccessfully, but they are typically very open to feedback, agreeing or not). 'Bad' ones will put up lecture notes often no more helpful than a textbook, whip through them as fast as possible, failing to appreciate that their content is opaque to a novice, explaining everything in only one way: the way they understand it. Student representatives or teaching committee best in this case.
Comment: @Sam. Even in those cases you mention, going to them and saying you do not like their teaching will probably do more harm than good.
Comment: I agree entirely, an approach should always be phrased more along the lines of 'Could you please go slower over the maths/diagrams/graphs/formulae/schema? I am having difficulty following' or (particularly good if a small group of you go) 'I/We didn't really understand x/y/z, could you explain it a different way'. Then, after they explain (and you hopefully understand!) you can say 'That was really helpful, might it be worth wording it like that to the rest of the class?' This second method is a good way of non-confrontationally causing the lecturer to re-explain something better.
Comment: @Alexandros, thanks for your comment. it really gave me another perspective on the matter. Just curious, can your analogy be extended-- employees are evaluated by their employer, but their employers often evaluate employees according by comments from customers (hence comment cards in the service industry)? as there's only 1 month left in the semester, maybe it's best just to keep quiet... Thanks.
Comment: @Sam thanks for the great advice.  A little off tangent, but I'm going to try adopt that as card system for some students I'm tutoring!
Comment: @Lisa We all had to deal with bad teachers, bad employers, bad colleagues. Unfortunately you cannot fix other people (mostly when they are in more powerful position than you). So, make the best of the situation, evaluate them hard in "anonymous" evaluations but eventually move-on with your life. Ten years from now, none of this will matter. Good luck!!
Comment: @Lisa cool! I hope it proves useful. In the case of your trying to give feedback, it may not prove useful to you immediately, but if you raise an issue and it is changed for the following year, you could always claim you helped improve the course for following years on a CV; demonstrating initiative and community-mindedness.
Answer: I suggest the following:

Ask students who have take that course before.
Look at ratemyprofessors website for his/her reviews.
If there is no past info about him, then ask a "smart"/"deep" questions POLITELY in class. If he get angry, then he probably not like your suggestion to change teach style.
Ask other students too to see if they have same problems. Then, you will know that its not just you. If only you have problem and most people "get it", then you can take their help instead of prof.
If all 1 to 4 are okay, then politely suggest improvements. Show him what you have not understand and how he can explain better. If you need more problem solving in a class, then request for it. Choose words carefully.
Comment: thanks for your advice!  Ratemyprofessors is hit/miss IMO especially if the faculty member is fairly new.
Comment: btw, in my university, manners is important. To see example of civilize interaction with Dr.Yemmek, you might want to see video in my user profile. I hope you like ! It is nice ! I like.
Comment: @Lisa - yes, that is why the other points are there. btw, let us know how it goes. Chenqui.
Comment: @Lisa, `ratemyprofessor` will mostly be _miss_ because the data shows an overwhelming bias.


Does aeropress coffee change flavour after several hours?

Question: Every morning I make coffee with aeropress, fresh bean grounded with automatic burr grinder. When it is working day I would put it into a warm bottle and drink in office. I would arrive at office and drink the coffee around two hours. When it is holiday I would drink it immediately at home. Somehow I think the coffee taste not as good when I drink it in office. The coffee would have less acidity and a little more bitterness. I use a zojirushi warm bottle.
Comment: ...so drink it at home, or brew it at work.
Answer: All coffee changes taste over time - it is full of relatively fragile organic compounds that will change over time.
Even in a vacuum flask (without exposure to light), the coffee will keep chemically reacting with itself. There is also oxygen in the bottle which will aid the breakdown of various of the compounds.
There really is no way to perfectly preserve the taste of fresh coffee unfortunately!
Comment: How could google this coffee degradation reaction without getting result about degradation of coffee beans?
Answer: This is an issue not isolated to any particular brewing method.  I cannot tell you specifically the mechanics behind why, but after you brew coffee, flavors will begin to be muted, heavy.. altogether unappetizing the older it gets.  My understanding is coffee is both an emulsion and a solution.  There could be some separation of the emulsified coffee oils over time which could result in the negative flavors, or simply degradation of organic compounds, oxidation of oils over time.
Long story short.. you're stuck with this, and you will be very rich if you figure out how to prevent this!


Is Middle Earth supposed to be a pre-historic England?

Question: I understand that Arda is supposed to be set somewhere in a sort of vaguely ancient Earth, but does that mean that Middle Earth is supposed to take place in the area that eventually becomes modern-day England? I read that J.R.R Tolkien wrote LOTR because he wanted to create a mythology for the English, as they didn't really have one before.
Comment: No, it's ancient New Zealand.
Comment: And this one; http://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/22034/is-tolkiens-middle-earth-in-our-universe and this one; http://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/2237/in-what-time-period-does-the-lord-of-the-rings-take-place-in-the-real-world?lq=1
Comment: None of those other questions deal specifically with which part of Middle-Earth is meant to correspond to modern-day England, so I don't think this is a duplicate.
Comment: possible duplicate of [Source for info on Middle-Earth's 'Real World' Geographic counterpart](http://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/59110/source-for-info-on-middle-earths-real-world-geographic-counterpart)
Comment: Some parts of Middle-Earth are known to correspond two different parts of the world, so M-E could possibly be the whole Earth, but not just England. In fact, his works regarding M-E are a mythology for the creation of the entire world.
Answer: See this page--presumably the shape of the continents was meant to be fairly different back then since the coast in Tolkien's maps (not drawn directly by him, but in some cases with guidance from him and authorized by him, see here for details) doesn't look like the coast of modern Europe, but Tolkien does say that "the action of the story takes place in the North-West of 'Middle-earth', equivalent in latitude to the coastlands of Europe", and he also says that Hobbiton is "about the latitude of Oxford". Someone has made a detailed attempt to assign latitudes and longitudes to places in Middle Earth (using various clues from Tolkien's writings), and use this assignment to superimpose Middle Earth on modern-day Europe, on this page:
Answer: JRRT actually wrote the original Lost Tales as a supposed "Mythology for England" but that concept was abandoned before Lord of the Rings was published.  The Hobbit was originally an independent work that used elements of the older stories to provide "flavour", and Lord of the Rings grew out of a sequel to the Hobbit which was in it's own turn drawn back to the older stories.
Much of this is described in Letter 131:

I had a mind to make a body of more or less connected legend, ranging from the large and cosmogonic, to the level of romantic fairy-story-the larger founded on the lesser in contact with the earth, the lesser drawing splendour from the vast backcloths – which I could dedicate simply to: to England...
The Hobbit, which has much more essential life in it, was quite independently conceived: I did not know as I began it that it belonged.

At the time when he wrote the Quenta Noldorinwa, published in History of Middle-earth 4 and roughly contemporaneous with his writing of the Hobbit, the concept was that the British Isles were leftovers from the destruction of Beleriand in the War of Wrath, as Christopher Tolkien notes in his commentary:

...it seems plain from the conclusion of Q that England was one of the great isles that remained after the destruction of Beleriand...

Of course, the stories of the Second and Third Ages didn't exist at that time (although the Fall of Numenor was shortly to be written), so this idea - in serious disharmony with the geography of Lord of the Rings - is not the contradiction it may seem to be at first.
As the mythology developed JRRT abandoned this idea, and came to view north-western Middle-earth as being a pre-historic, (possibly pre-Ice-Age) Europe, as is well-documented elsewhere, e.g on this site.
Answer: Ancient Earth?  Pre-historic England?  No.
I recall hearing or reading, once, that Tolkien considered Middle Earth
to be a real place (i.e., England) at a fictional time,
which always struck me as an interesting concept.
I seem to recall getting this from an authoritative source, but I can't find it now.
But my recollection is supported by this scifi.SE answer:

Bear in mind that Tolkien was a Roman Catholic and this strongly influenced his conception of Middle Earth, which he considered to be a fictional time and place in our world, and not a fantasy world set apart from it.

… and this blog post:

Tolkien himself was known to say that the world in which his imaginings occurred
  was a version of our own world in a fictional time.

(Although, that one does go on, in the very next sentence, to say,

While he claimed that the events of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings were supposed to take place about 6000 years before his own time, he was also clear that the geography and history did not quite match up with reality.

This page goes on to say "… Mordor [would be] around somewhere in the vicinity of Asia Minor.", suggesting that Middle Earth is Eurasia and The Shire is England.)
Google for Tolkien "fictional time" and you'll find more.
Answer: I am convinced of the fact that Middle Earth matches the modern day British Isles. Evidence for this assumption can be found in the map of Middle Earth.
For example: compare the West coast of Eriador to the West coast of modern day Ireland. Follow the lines of the South coast of Ireland, Southwest England and Wales and you will notice that there is a match with the coastlines of Anfalas, Belfalas, Tolfalas and Harondor.
Even the names Eriador and Khand and the way they are pronounced suggest that there is a connection with Ireland and Kent.
In this case the Misty Mountains are equivalent to the east coast of Ireland, and Ered Mithrim is equivalent to the southern Scottish Highlands.
Mordor has to be located in the Midlands and East Anglia. (Interesting to know that these regions have, since the time of the Industrial Revolution, also known as the Black Land, since it was the heart of England's industrialization.)
Also, the Gray Havens (Mithlond) are equivalent to Donegal while Rivendel is equivalent to Belfast, and Isengard is equivalent to Dublin.
This means that Minas Tirith is Birmingham and the Ered Nimrais is somewhere between Dublin and Birmingham, dividing Wales into a northern and southern part.
Comment: Could you break this up a bit to make it more readable?
Comment: I don't think the similarity between the coastlines of Middle Earth and the British Isles is particularly strong. As others have pointed out, Tolkien identified Hobbiton as being at the same latitude as Oxford. That makes Gondor hundreds of miles south of the south coast of England.
Answer: Middle-Earth is prehistoric Earth, and the events of The Silmarillion, Hobbit, and Lord of the Rings that take place in the North-West of Middle-Earth take place in prehistoric Europe.
Although Tolkien eventually dropped any "English connection" in his myths, he never dropped the idea that all those events took place on Earth.
The Shire is specifically modelled on English countryside, and Gondor is somewhere in Italy.
Of course, to Tolkien's own admission, all the lands got changed since then, so the Middle-Earth map doesn't look like modern Europe.


After the big bang

Question: So much time has passed after big bang. We say that when we look at the night sky we see past.so when will the light from big bang showing how was it back then come to us and, show us how it existed.
Comment: You mean the [Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background)?
Answer: Here is a pictorial of the history of the universe:

The x axis is the time taken to our present location and it is at 13.8billion years ago. The y axis is the expansion in space during the time axis.
One should realize that the universe is four dimensional and general relativity and also special relativity lead to the fact that each present three dimensional point was the beginning of the universe, because the expansion happened and keeps happening on all points of the universe.  The decoupling of light at 380.000 years after the BB gives us the cosmic microwave background radiation at our present location

The image reveals 13.77 billion year old temperature fluctuations (shown as color differences) that correspond to the seeds that grew to become the galaxies. The signal from our galaxy was subtracted using the multi-frequency data. This image shows a temperature range of ± 200 microKelvin. Credit: NASA / WMAP Science Team WMAP # 121238 Image Caption 9 year WMAP image of background cosmic radiation (2012)

This is a map of microwave photon fluctuations from the black nody radiation curve, as observed in "empty" spaces of the sky. These thermal photons at the microwave frequency are a snapshot of what happened 380.000 years after the BB, when the photons of the soup of atoms and nuclei had a large enough mean free path to stop interacting by scatters. It is the best black body radiation curve we have.Due to the expansion of the universe the frequencies have degraded to microwave levels. To learn what happened before 380.000 years we use cosmological models to fit this plot. There is a hope that once gravitational wave detectors are developed we will be able to have a similar plot from times much closer to the Big Bang.
Comment: It means that that when the act of big bang happened ,the light from it will reach us but in degraded form and to such a level that no conclusions can be drawn from it
Comment: The light that is reaching us is from 380.000 years after the BB, when the bulk of photons  had a large mean free path and stopped scattering on nuclei and molecules. A lot of conclusions have been drawn from it. The part of the plot on the left of 380.000 years is from fitting the CMB using particle physics theories GR and quantum mechanics
Comment: Do you mean "380,000 years _ago_" or "380,000 years _after the big bang_"?
Comment: after the big bang, in the plot above. corrected it
Answer:
Light from big bang

I get an impression (which could be mistaken) that you're thinking of Big Bang as an explosion that results in a flash of light, amongst other things? However, the thing is, Big Bang wasn't an explosion and neither was there any light "immediately" after it. For the starters, Big Bang happened everywhere.
The Universe was a very hot and dense soup of sub-atomic particles after the Big Bang. It expanded rapidly, by several orders of magnitude ($10^{60}$), in a very short period of time (within $10^{-30}$ seconds) owing to Inflation. You'd notice that the Inflation epoch is marked in the diagram in the answer above soon after the Big Bang. An important thing to note here is that the temperature of the universe was still too hot for any photons to roam around freely. After this, the Universe still continued to expand, though at a much slower rate than what happened during Inflation. Over the next 380,000 years, the universe gradually cooled down enough for the sub-atomic particles to condense and form the first Hydrogen atoms, which meant that the light could then be "seen" for the very first time. We now call this first visible light — from 380,000 years after the Big Bang — as Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).

So when will the light from big bang showing how was it back then come to us and, show us how it existed.

When the universe had cooled enough for the light to escape, the light was emitted everywhere, at once, while the Universe was and is still expanding (but prominently due to the effects of Dark Energy now). The temperature has since kept dropping; and all the regions where the light was emitted from kept moving further away from us with the increasing expansion of the space. Therefore, the detectable CMB has now become highly redshifted for us and too faint to be seen by the naked eye ($Z\approx\ 1100$). However, by observing and studying this highly redshifted CMB using WMAP and Planck satellites, we've managed to build models of how the Universe would have looked like 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
To see further back into the past, i.e. to observe how the things were before the CMB was released, we can't use Electromagnetic Spectrum anymore; instead the idea is to use Gravitational Waves as a tool. One such ongoing project is LIGO and its futuristic version might be LISA — see reference.

Note:
This answer is more of a supplementary commentary to the technically more sound answer above by @annav. The only attempt is to possibly add some clarity on a few tidbits that are perhaps misunderstood in the initial stages of getting acquainted with the Big Bang.
Comment: Note that LIGO would only be able to detect the GWs from merging compact objects, it won't shed any light on cosmological GWs (I believe the same can be said for Virgo). LISA/eLISA should be able to detect such GWs though.
Comment: Thanks @KyleKanos. The answer could have been more specific in pointing that out.

After the big bang


Which is better for tracking?

Question: I have access to a camera that is capable of both 1080p60fps and 4k30fps. Which would be easier to track details? The shot I'm using isn't shaky or anything.
Answer: 1080p60 will give better temporal resolution, which is key for tracking details that move within the scene.  If the scene is ridiculously simple, such as if the only object moving at all is a Mac screen on a swivel, and if you can control the speed of the swivel however you like, then framerate is no longer the sole determinant of temporal resolution.  You can achieve the same temporal resolution shooting a half-speed move at 30fps as you can a full-speed move at 60fps.  In that case, shooting at 4K will give you greater spatial resolution than 1080p.
In the normal case, temporal, not spatial, resolution is the big bug-a-boo for object tracking.
Comment: My scene is the camera itself is still, on a tripod. I have a mac in front of the camera with a bunch of tracking dots on it. In the video, I swivel the mac around slightly, and slowly (to where there is virtually no jittering at 30fps) The effect I'm going for is tracking either blender then making it seem as if shattered glass is floating in front of the monitor. This means that I am doing object tracking, not camera. Is 1080p60fps still the wiser choice or 4k30fps?
Comment: I changed the answer to reflect the added information in the comment.

Which is better for tracking?


What is the theoretical maximum Attack Damage you can get?

Question: I was just wondering, what is the maximum Attack Damage you can get on a character if you picked the one with the highest based damage at lvl 18 and just stacked AD on them? I guess this would be the ultimate glass cannon :P.
Answer: http://leagueoflegends.wikia.com/wiki/Attack_damage#Trivia

Besides Sion with  Atma's Impaler (due to his Enrage), the maximum attack damage any champion can get at level 18 is 1364, being Malphite with Brutal Strikes active, all Might runes and the Brute Force and Summoner's Wrath masteries with Ignite on cooldown, a fully stacked  Sword of the Occult and 5 other fully stacked  Bloodthirsters, while having the Exalted with Baron Nashor,  Aegis of the Legion, Raise Morale, Eye of the Storm, Radiance, Hymn of Valor and  Elixir of Fortitude buffs.
Comment: Unfortunately this answer is no longer accurate due to item and champion changes.
Answer: http://euw.leagueoflegends.com/board/showthread.php?t=237325. technically no there is not an AD cap but since there is a cap on how many items you can buy it is sort of capped i guess.


Slavery in Hinduism

Question: In Abrahamic religions, owning both ordinary and sex slaves was legal. What do Hindu scriptures say about owning people as slaves? Did Rama and Krishna free any slaves?
Comment: There was no slavery in Hinduism (Vedanta). I think you may be asking about slavery in Indian culture, not Hinduism.
Comment: India , where most followers of Hinduism are ,never attacked any other country since from past. And nor captured people to make  them slaves by using force .So the case with Hinduism or Sanatan Dharma naturally .
Comment: @Pythagorean Mystic Devadaasi system was a social . practice.
Comment: I do not understand. So the brahman encourages slavery in one religion but forbids it in another?
Comment: There were no slaves in the Hindu world like the equivalent of it in the western world.
Comment: Related [Was slavery allowed in Mahabarata times?](http://hinduism.stackexchange.com/q/11356/3500)
Comment: @Narasimham DevaDasi was so that women could take religious occpations in temples sadly it was later corrupted and exploited.
Answer:
There were no slaves in the Hindu world like the equivalent of it in
  the western world

The above statement is true.But we do have the concept of "dasa/dasi" or servants or (some translate it as) slaves.But they are not the same as say sex slaves or war slaves."Servant" is the more proper word here not "slave".
The dasa or dasis are there to help the householder in his daily duties/chores.In return they get shelter,wages,fooding etc.
Few references of slaves/servants/dasa/bhritya from Scriptures are given below:

8.363. Yet he who secretly converses with such women, or with female slaves kept by one (master), and with female ascetics, shall be
  compelled to pay a small fine.(Manu smriti)

4.180. With his father and his mother, with female relatives, with a brother, with his son and his wife, with his daughter and with his
  slaves, let him not have quarrels.(Manu smriti)

The following verse also shows that the dasas(servants/slaves) are to be treated with due respect:

3.116. After the Brahmanas, the kinsmen, and the servants have dined, the householder and his wife may afterwards eat what remains.(Manu Smriti).

I have found further references in Parashara Smriti as well.
Comment: I already mentioned that in the answer itself.Nothing more to explain."Servant" is more appropriate than "slave" .
Comment: Slave is not a true translation of the word dasa/dasi. So, the references do not portray an accurate picture.
Answer: No, Hinduism forbids forced slavery, i.e. enslaving of others.
Verses from various Dharma Shastras:

Nārada (Theft, 28).—'he who steals a man shall have to pay the highest
fine; he who steals a woman shall be deprived of his entire wealth;
and he who steals a maiden shall suffer corporal punishment.'
Bṛhaspati (22. 27-28).—'In the case of women, men, gold, gems, the
property of a deity or a Brāhmaṇa, silk and other precious things, the
fine shall be equal to the value of the article stolen; or double that
amount shall he inflicted as fine; or the thief shall be executed.'
Do. (22.18; Vivādaratnākara, p. 317)—'Those who steal human beings
should be burnt by the slow fire of chaff.'
Vyāsa (Do.).—'The stealer of women shall be burnt on an iron bed by
the slow fire of chaff; the stealer of man should have his hands and
feet cut off and then exposed on the road-crossing. He who steals a
man should he fined the highest amercement; he who steals a woman
should have his entire property confiscated; and he who steals a
maiden shall he put to death.'
Śaṅkha-Likhita (Do., p. 318).—'For stealing a king's son, the fine is
108 kārṣāpaṇas, or corporal punishment; half of that for stealing
persons of the royal family, or of men and women in general.'

Also, those who have already been enslaved by force, should be liberated by a king, from the Vivada Chintamani of Vācaspati Miśra:

However, there are other ways one can enter slavery according to the Manusmriti:

There are seven kinds of slaves—(1) captured under a banner, (2) slave
on food, (3) born in the house, (4) bought, (5) presented, (6)
hereditary, and (7) slave by punishment.—(8.415)

Above it has been cited that forced slavery is immoral, but why is this verse allowing it? The commentator Medhatithi answers:

Hence, 'Dhvajinī' means the army; he who is captured 'under the banner'
is the captive of war, who is made a slave.
"What is stated here,—does it refer to the Kṣatriya,—the meaning being
that the Kṣatriya made captive in war becomes a slave?"
Not so, we reply; since it is the Śūdra that forms the subject-matter
of the context; as is clear from the preceding statement—'it is for
the purpose of servitude that he has been created.' What the text
refers to is the case where the owner of the slave having been
defeated in battle, the slave is brought over and enslaved by the
captor.

The next verse says even the wife and the son are "slaves" to the father:

The wive, the son and the slave,—these three are declared to have no
property; whatever they acquire is the property of him to whom they
belong.—(416)

Also, there is a difference between slavery and servitude according to Narada:

All this however is not right. 'Serving' is one thing and 'slavery' is
another. Slavery consists in doing servile work, and in not objecting
to going anywhere he may be sent to; while 'service' may consist in
shampooing the body, guarding the family or property and so forth.
All this has been dealt with in detail by Nārada.

And here Medhatithi is saying that the duty of Shudras is servitude and not slavery:

"When the Śūdra works as a slave entirely through considerations of his duty, why should there be only seven kinds of slaves?"
There is no force in this objection. Because in his case 'slavery' is
not innate in him; it is purely voluntary wish him; he having recourse
to it only with a view to acquiring merit. And further, such a slave
cannot be given away or pledged;—as the bought and house-born slaves
can. In fact the Śūdra in question is guided by what has been declared
(under 10.128) regarding the Śūdra 'imitating the behaviour of the
virtuous, etc., etc.'; and by this it is clearly implied that slavery
is not inherent in him; he takes to it only with a view to a definite
result. Hence there is real 'slavery' only when it is involuntary. So
that if a Śūdra has property of his own and lives upon it, not
supporting himself by depending upon the Brāhmaṇa and others, he does
nothing wrong.
Comment: What about this? – "What is the difference between this last and the slave born in the house?" The latter is one born of a slave-girl that may have been acquired by the master himself, while the other is hereditary. – so slavery is only limited to śūdras?
Comment: @sv. And what about that verse you cited? You want clarification?
Comment: @sv. Everyone can enter slavery except Brahmanas: https://archive.org/details/vivadachintamani00vcas/page/94
Comment: Why are Brāhmaṇas excluded? Manu says: "In fact, according to some people, such slaves are possible for the other castes also, in view of what has been said regarding the propriety of repaying a debt even by manual labour." What is done with a Brāhmaṇa who cannot repay a debt?
Comment: @sv. Good question.I think "other castes also" in that quote means Kshatriyas and Vaishyas too. But for Brahmanas, I'm not sure. Maybe you can punish him in other ways like deporting him until he pays his debt.
Comment: @SayNoToCensorship no it's not it clearly states from the verses above Shudra labor is voluntary.
Comment: @SayNoToCensorship btw if you do what Hindu sect do you follow?
Answer: There is no doubt slavery was there in ancient India. However, that does not imply that Hinduism supports slavery.

Tuladhara said, '…Men are seen to own men as slaves, and by beating,
by binding, and by otherwise subjecting them to restraints, cause them
to labour day and night. These people are not ignorant of pain that
results from beating and fastening in chains. In every creature that
is endued with the five senses live all the deities, Surya,
Chandramas, the god of wind, Brahman, Prana, Kratu, and Yama (these
dwell in living creatures). There are men that live by trafficking in
living creatures!

Mahabharata Santi Parva Section CCLXII
Moreover servants should be treated with respect.

Bhishma said, '…One should not make distinction between one's guests
and attendants and kinsmen in matters of food. Equality (in this
respect) with servants is applauded.'

Mahabharata Santi Parva Section CXCIII
Hinduism does not encourage blindly following societal practices and advises one to be guided by reason. Customs that are unreasonable should be discarded.
Attitude towards ancient custom

One should practice what one considers to be one's duty, guided by
reasons, instead of blindly following the practices of the world.

Mahabharata Santi Parva Section CCLXII

However, discard the desire (kama) and material wealth (artha) if
contrary to Dharma; as also, any usage or custom or rules regarded
as source of Dharma if at any time they were to lead to unhappiness or
arouse people's indignation.

Manu Smriti 4.176
Thus there is no reason to think that Hinduism supports slavery.
Comment: Nice answer sir. Narada Smriti mentions slavery so badly but Kane writes that it was never implemented and quotes the Greeks. Ofcourse we have to use reasoning, logic, and ensure Dharmic Laws dont cause pain to society.
Comment: @SethuSrivatsaKoduru of course, but also we must understand the times. Manu mentions in those times how one can become a slave, but even in ancient India, there were laws and ethical treatment for such beings. So, to call them slaves in the sense of human objects is incorrect I think a better term would be forced laborers.
Answer:
Did Rama and Krishna free any slaves?

In Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa (Ayodhyā kāṇḍa), Rāma actually instructs Lakṣmaṇa to gift slave-girls (dāsī's) to a brāhmaṇa.

kausalyām ca yāaśīrbhir bhaktaḥ paryupatiṣṭhati |
  ācāryaḥ taittirīyāṇām abhirūpaḥ ca vedavit || 2-32-15
tasya yānam ca dāsīḥ ca saumitre sampradāpaya |
  kauśeyāni ca vastrāṇi yāvat tuṣyati sa dvijaḥ || 2-32-16
15-16. saumitre = Oh; lakshmana! yaH = which brahmana; taithiriiyaNaam = studying Taittiriya ( a schoolf yajurveda); aachaaryaH = a preceptor; abhiruupashcha = a man of conformity; vedavit = a knower of Vedas; paryupatishhTati = seving; kausalyaam = Kausalya; bhaktaH = with his blessing; tasya = to him; sampradaapaya = in duly gifted; yaanamcha = conveyance; daasiishcha = servant-maids slave-girls; kaushayaani vastraaNicha = silken clothes; yaavat = till; saH dvijaH = that brahmana; tushhyati = gets satisfied.
Oh, Lakshmana! Which brahman is studying Taittiriya (a school of yajurveda), a preceptor, a man of conformity; a knower of Vedas, serving Kausalya with his devotion and blessing, to him see that he is duly gifted conveyance, servant maids slave-girls and silken clothing till he gets satisfied.

Bharata also donates male and female slaves (dāsī dāsam ca) to brāhmaṇas:

2. On the occasion of Shraddha rites, Bharata gave precious stones, money, a lot of cooked rice, very valuable clothes and various other kinds of presents to Brahmans.

bāstikam bahu śuklam ca gāḥ ca api śataśaḥ tathā |
dāsī dāsam ca yānam ca veśmāni sumahānti ca || 2-77-3
  brāhmaṇebhyo dadau putraḥ rājñaḥ tasya aurdhvadaihikam |
tasya = in that; ourdhvadehikam = ceremony performed in honor of the dead; raajN^aH = king; putraH = Bharata the son of Dasaratha; dadou = gave; bahu = many; shuklam = white; baastikam = multitudes of goats; tathaa = and; shatashaH = hundreds of ; gaashchaapi = cows; daasii daasamcha = servants and servant maids female and male slaves; yaanaamcha = vehicles; sumahaanti = and very big; veshmaanicha = houses; braahmaNebhyaH = to brahmans.
3. In that ceremony performed in honor of the dead king, Bharata the son of Dasaratha gave multitudes of white goats, hundreds of cows, servants and servant maids female and male slaves, vehicles and very big houses to Brahmans.

Note the difference between dāsa/dāsī (slaves) and preṣya/bhṛta (servants who work for wages; one simply can't give them away to someone):

प्रेष्य (preṣya) = servant

saṃgrāmātpunarāgamya kuṅjareṇa rathena vā || 2-2-37
  paurān svajanavannityam kuśalaṃ paripṛcchati |
putreṣvagniṣu dāreṣu preṣyaśiṣyagaṇeṣu ca || 2-2-38
  nikhilenānupūrvyācca pitā putrānivaurasān |
37-38. punaH aagatya = After returning; sangraamaat = from battle; kuN^jareNa = on elephant; rathena vaa = or chariot; paripR^ichchhati = inquires; kushalam = well being of; pauraan = citizens; svajanavat = like relatives; pitaa = father; aurasaan putraaniva = like to their hereditary sons; putreshhu = about sons; agnishhu = about the fire; daareshhu = about the wives; preshhya sishhyagaNeshhu cha = about the servants and the disciples; nityam = always; nikhilena = completely; anupuurvyaachcha = and as per due order.
After returning from battle, Rama goes to citizens on an elephant or a chariot and inquires about their well being as though they were his own kinsmen, like a father does to his sons. He asks about their wives and children, about the sacred fires, about their servants and students, always completely as per the due order.

भृत (bhṛta) = attendant or servant
भृतक (bhṛtaka) = hired or paid

kāla atikramaṇe hy eva bhakta vetanayor bhṛtāḥ |
  bhartuḥ kupyanti duṣyanti so anarthaḥ sumahān smṛtaḥ || 2-100-33
33. kaalaatikramaNaat = (when) there is delay; bhaktavetanayoH = in giving bread and wages; bhR^itaaH = the servants; kupyanti = become incensed; bhartuH = against their master; duSyanti = and become corrupt; saH = (and) that; smR^itaaH = is said to be; sumahaan = a great; anarthaH = unfortunate occurrence.
When there is delay in giving bread and wages, the servants become incensed against their master and become corrupt; and that is said to be a great unfortunate occurrence.
Answer: No, it is not allowed. Some verses to support existing answers here:

avihitā brāhmaṇasya vaṇijyā || 10 ||
10. Trade is not lawful for a Brāhmaṇa.
āpadi vyavahareta paṇyānām apaṇyāni vyudasyan || 11 ||
11. In times of distress he may trade in lawful merchandise, avoiding the following [kinds], that are forbidden:—
manuṣyān rasān rāgān gandhān annaṃ carma gavāṃ vaśāṃ śleṣma udake
tokmakiṇve pippali marīce dhānyaṃ māṃsam āyudhaṃ sukṛta āśāṃ ca ||
12 ||
12. [Particularly] slavery, condiments and liquids, dyes, perfumes, food,
skins, heifers, substances used for gluing [such as lac], water, young
cornstalks, substances from which alcohol may be extracted, red and black
pepper, corn, meat products, weapons, and the hope of rewards for
meritorious deeds.
Apastamba Sutra 1.7.20

From Manu Smriti:

10.83. But a Brahmana, or a Kshatriya, living by a Vaisya's mode of subsistence, shall carefully avoid (the
pursuit of) agriculture, (which causes) injury to many beings and depends on others.
10.84. (Some) declare that agriculture is something excellent, (but) that means of subsistence is blamed by the
virtuous; (for) the wooden (implement) with iron point injuries the earth and (the beings) living in the earth.
10.85. But he who, through a want of means of subsistence, gives up the strictness with respect to his duties,
may sell, in order to increase his wealth, the commodities sold by Vaisyas, making (however) the (following) exceptions.
10.86. He must avoid (selling) condiments of all sorts, cooked food and sesamum, stones, salt, cattle, and human (beings)
Manu Smriti 10.83-86
Comment: Apastambe here states otherwise: https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/apastamba-dharma-sutra/d/doc116252.html
Answer: You can copy-paste the quoted text and google search to see the full text of these books.
There's a concept of intercourse with female slave in The Minor Law Book (Narada and Brihaspati), so prostitution is also permitted.

TWELFTH TITLE OF LAW. THE MUTUAL DUTIES OF HUSBAND AND WIFE.

Intercourse is permitted with a wanton woman, who belongs to another than the Brahman caste, or a prostitute, or a female slave, or a female not restrained by her master (Nishkasini), if these women belong to a lower caste than oneself; but with a woman of superior caste, intercourse is prohibited.

Owner can also earn money with female slave:

The Minor Law Book (Narada and Brihaspati): VII. MISCELLANEOUS LAWS. 9-13

It is by permission (of the owner) only that a female slave, cattle, or an estate may be enjoyed (by a stranger). He who enjoys that which had not been given up to him (by the owner), must pay for the (illegitimate) enjoyment of what he had been enjoying.
(Let him give) two Panas a day for the use of a female slave; eight Panas for the use of a milch-cow; thirteen for the use of a bull; sixteen for the use of a horse or of an estate.

The child borne from intercourse with female slave will be also slave. From The Minor Law Book (Narada and Brihaspati):

BREACH OF A CONTRACT OF SERVICE.
Law article 26-28 (who are the 15 kinds of slaves?)

One born at (his master's) house;

Footnote: 26-28. 'One born at (his master's) house,' one born of a female slave in the house (of her master).

The son of Sudra coming through intercourse with female slave (Manu IX):

A son who is (begotten) by a Sudra on a female slave, or on the female slave of his slave, may, if permitted (by his father), take a share (of the inheritance); thus the law is settled.

Brahman begets from Sudra slave women (Manu IX):

The son whom a Brahmana begets through lust on a Sudra female is, (though) alive (parayan), a corpse (sava), and hence called a Parasava (a living corpse)."

Mahabharata, Karna Parva, SECTION XXXVIII, (Karna says this to his army):

I will also give him that shows Arjuna to me a number of long-tressed damsels of black eyes and a car unto which shall be yoked white mules...
I shall also give unto him a hundred damsels decked with ornaments, with collars of gold, fair-complexioned, and accomplished in singing and dancing...

And Manu IX.160 gives provision about the inheritance of the children coming from these unmarried damsels

The son of an unmarried damsel, the son received with the wife, the son bought, the son begotten on a re-married woman, the son self-given, and the son of a Sudra female, (are) the six (who are) not heirs, (but) kinsmen."

Mahabharata: Sabha parva, Section XLIX:

Dhritarashtra said, 'Duryodhana, ...
I do not know what can be the reason of thy sorrow. This vast wealth of mine is at thy control. Thy brothers and all our relations never do anything that is disagreeable to thee. Thou wearest the best apparel and eatest the best food that is prepared with meat. The best of horse carries thee. What it is, therei^ fore, that hath made thee pale and emaciated ? Costly beds, beautiful damsels, mansions decked with excellent furniture, and sport of the delightful kind, without doubt, these ail wait but at thy command, as in the case of the gods themselves. Therefore, O proud one,why dost thou grieve, O son, as if thou wert destitute"

Manu IX.160 gives provision about the inheritance of the children coming from these unmarried damsels:

The son of an unmarried damsel, the son received with the wife, the son bought, the son begotten on a re-married woman, the son self-given, and the son of a Sudra female, (are) the six (who are) not heirs, (but) kinsmen."

Secretly borne son by damsel:

Manu IX:

A son whom a damsel secretly bears in the house of her father, one shall name the son of an unmarried damsel (Kanina, and declare) such offspring of an unmarried girl (to belong) to him who weds her (afterwards)."

Mahabharata, Anushasana Parva, SECTION XCIII, (it was common to curse women to be under slavery and give birth of children):

Ganda said, Let her who has stolen the lotus-stalks be always a speaker of falsehoods. Let her always quarrel with her kinsmen ! Let her bestow her daughter in marriage for a pecuniary consideration ! Let her eat the food which she has cooked, alone and without sharing it with anybody ! Let her pass her whole life in slavery  Indeed, let her who has stolen the lotus-stalks be quick with child in consequence of sexual congress under circumstances of guilt
Pasusakha said, Let him who has stolen the lotus-stalks be born of a slave-mother. Let him have many children all of whom are worthless! And let him never bow to the deities

Slavery in Hinduism


Is watching ecchi anime haram?

Question: Is it haram to watch ecchi anime that only shows the top part of a woman breast but not the nipples or anything else?
Answer: See Brother anime is like a TV show just in animated from.
And the thing you are saying is Haram because you are attracted to the woman even thou she is not real. You might feel aroused(erection) so it is 100% haram/sin.
It is just like watching a real woman.
ALLAH knows the best..

Is watching ecchi anime haram?


Does Goblin Electromancer reduce both sides of a fused split card?

Question: Does Goblin Electromancer reduce the cost of a fuse spell on both sides of the card? Would Turn // Burn be {1}{U}{R} to cast both sides?
Answer: No. Only one spell is cast, so only {1} is deducted for a total cost of {2}{U}{R}.

Fuse is an alternative cost, as evidenced by "you have the additional option to cast both halves as a single spell by paying their combined cost". This refers to their mana cost (as will be stated explicitly in the rules). The combined mana cost of Turn and Burn is {3}{U}{R}.
The Goblin Electromancer provides a cost reduction of {1}.
total cost to cast a fused Turn and Burn
= mana cost or alternative cost + additional cost and cost increases - cost reductions
= {3}{U}{R} - {1}
= {2}{U}{R}.

UPDATE
The rules have been released. It's not an alternative cost. Here's the relevant rule:

702.101a Fuse is a static ability found on some split cards (see rule 708, "Split Cards" that applies while the card with fuse is in a player's hand. If a player casts a split card with fuse from his or her hand, the player may choose to cast both halves of that split card. This choice is made before putting the split card with fuse onto the stack. The resulting spell is a fused split spell.

702.101b A fused split spell has two sets of characteristics and one converted mana cost. The converted mana cost of the spell is a number equal to the total amount of mana in its two mana costs, regardless of color.

702.101c The total cost of a fused split spell includes the mana cost of each half. (See rule 601.2e.)

702.101d As a fused split spell resolves, the controller of the spell follows instructions of the left half and then follows the instructions of the right half.

That's very poorly worded, but it's clear there's only one spell being cast. I'm going to get confirmation of my answer anyway.

UPDATE
Confirmed
Comment: yep. You are right.
Comment: The key is that it says "You may cast both halves" not "You may cast both spells" - the former says it's one spell with two components, while the later says it's two spells on one card. It's like a card that says "Choose one or both" except that those cards have the same cost regardless, while this goes up if you choose both.
Comment: See the update.


How can I override the container.html.twig template for one submit button only?

Question: How can I override  container.html.twig for one submit button only?
It showing no template suggestions.
Answer: Based somewhat on kiemi's answer, you could go for something to this degree:
<?php

/**
 * Implements hook_theme_suggestions_container_alter().
 */
function yourtheme_theme_suggestions_container_alter(array &$suggestions, array $variables) {
  $pieces = [
    $variables['element']['#type'],
    $variables['element']['#name'],
    $variables['element']['#display_id'],
  ];
  $suggestions[] = 'container__' . implode('_', $pieces);
}

This will produce a suggestion, for example, of container--view-articles-featured.html.twig
Of course, if you want it to follow true Drupal template suggestion standards, you'll want to add several suggestions with varying levels of specificity.
Comment: Only $variables['element']['#type'] has a value for me (user.pass form)
Answer: The Template Suggest module now includes container template suggestions.  An example of what it will provide for a view:
 FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS:
   * container--view--case-study--page-listing.html.twig
   * container--view--case-study.html.twig
   x container--view.html.twig
   * container--no-parent.html.twig
   * container.html.twig

For the original post use case of a submit button, here is what a typical container around a submit button will provide:
 FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS:
   * container--actions.html.twig
   * container--has-parent.html.twig
   x container.html.twig

So it makes it easy to target all actions-containing containers, which include submit buttons, with a container--actions.html.twig template.  (Or all form containers with container--has-parent.html.twig.)
If the goal though is truly to target a container for one particular submit button and not other submit buttons, that's getting a good deal harder.  The problem is even the ID of the form isn't any more precise than the template suggestions the module gives us (for example, this core form has edit-actions as its ID, and a webform which gets the suggestion container--webform-actions.html.twig simply gets the ID edit-actions!)
One approach would be to override container--actions.html.twig to remove the div etc. and try to reproduce them as needed in the input--submit.html.twig template (a suggestion which core provides).  But that's risky because a container can have more than one input button.
Because the information in these buttons themselves are not naturally unique (for example, ID of edit-submit on core admin forms and edit-actions-submit on webforms), i'll hold off on further digging up possible template suggestions or approaches until the original poster (or other interested parties!) can clarify precisely their intention.
Here's the code the module uses, originally based on Kevin's answer on the related post:
function twigsuggest_theme_suggestions_container_alter(array &$suggestions, array $variables)
{
  $element = $variables['element'];

  // We cannot count on template_preprocess_container having run, so we copy
  // its logic here to provide templates for forms (has parents) or not forms.
  // Special handling for form elements.
  if (isset($element['#array_parents'])) {
    $suggestions[] = 'container__has_parent';
  }
  else {
    $suggestions[] = 'container__no_parent';
  }

  if (isset($element['#type']) && $element['#type'] != 'container') {
    $suggestions[] = 'container__' . $element['#type'];
  }

  if (isset($element['#type']) && $element['#type'] == 'container' && isset($element['children']['#type'])) {
    $suggestions[] = 'container__' . $element['children']['#type'];
  }
}

Comment: Do you also have an example of what it will provide for submit buttons? As that's what OP asked for...
Comment: Apologies for my reading comprehension.  I'll update the answer, and it might get halfway there.
Comment: Updated, sorry i'd jumped on the 'no template suggestions' and not the 'one submit button only' line.  My answer covers submit buttons as a general case (to the exclusion of other things that get put in containers) but if it's really just for one submit button and not others we'd need to know how the OP wants to distinguish it— by form ID, by `button` vs `input` element, etc. to know if it's even possible.
Answer: function MYTHEME_theme_suggestions_container_alter(array &$suggestions, array $variables) {
  $suggestions[] = 'container__';
}

You can put something like this in your theme. I'm trying to do the same thing, but I only dont know how to get the variables...
Comment: The $variables are passed into the function. Use a debugger to inspect it.


Does it stay this fun?

Question: I'm really just starting out in the world of Sound Design and I'm having a blast so far. I worked on a web series (for free, of course) and it turned out to be quite demanding as far as sound goes. I captured/mixed the dialogue and recorded most of the material I used for sound effects. The music was stock. I just did my first paid work, and I want to keep going. Is this most likely going to be a soul-crushing experience, or does it just get better? Where are you on the road to sound nirvana? Here's a link to one of the episodes I worked on. Thanks for the inspiration (also helpful feedback).
Answer: Reed, welcome to SSD. Glad to hear that you're having fun so far! Here's the good news: It only gets better.
If your journey is anything like what most of us have experienced, you will have your share of ups and downs and will most likely question why in the world you didn't take that job at your father's hardware store. But persevere through those bad times, set your sights high and jump to the next rung when presented with the opportunity.
Having clear goals is paramount; without them and you could end up mired in the same old job you started in, always longing for that big break that never comes. And when the door opens to your goal, don't hesitate. Go for it, and tell everyone why you're going for it. They will (hopefully) respect you for it, encourage you and send you along with best wishes, leaving you with strong bridges in your wake rather than burning ones. Remember, the "sound design" community tends to be very small and word travels fast, whether good or bad.
Best wishes for your career!
Comment: Jay, that is one of the best summations of this crazy, fun, stressful, joyous, exhausting profession!
Comment: Thanks, Jay. As you can tell, I'm pretty excited about all of this. And thanks to whoever created and organizes this site. What a great resource; one that I'll definitely be using!
Comment: When you DO have "one of those days" (and you will, young Jedi, you will), then also check out this thread at Gearslutz http://www.gearslutz.com/board/post-production-forum/612830-bad-day-post-better-than.html. Always helps to put things in perspective

Does it stay this fun?


Replacing ungrounded receptacle with grounded receptacle on metal box

Question: Bought a house built in 1928 (in Chicago area - everything original to the house is in metal boxes with armoured (BX) cable. Any newer work has EMT). All the wiring is the cloth wrapped wires and no ground wires. All receptacles are 2 prong. Inspector said you can find the first outlet in the circuit, put a GFCI on it, and then not worry about ground on anything else in the circuit. A multimeter says I have a strong 120 V from a hot wire to the box, so common sense tells me I can just skip the GFCI and put in a 3-prong outlet. I wouldn't even need a pigtail jumper ground because the green screw has continuity with the 10-32 screw and ears of the receptacle anyway, right? Am I missing anything?
Comment: Are we talking about a box that recesses back into the wall, or sticks out from the wall?
Comment: Recessed a little. The ears on the receptacle rest against a layer of plaster.
Comment: If the EMT provides a continuous path back to the service neutral, then that can be used as a grounding conductor.  However, the armor on old "*BX*" cables, likely cannot be used as a grounding conductor.  Check with your local building department, to determine exactly what they'll allow. Just because you're reading 120 volts from hot to the box, does not mean you have a sufficient ground-fault current path. You wouldn't want to have a ground-fault, that turns your BX sheathing into a heater.
Comment: Recessed = cannot use the receptacle yoke (ears) as a grounding path. Plaster isn't a grounding path, nor is the screw-head contact of the mounting screws.  The yoke would have to bottom hard, flush and clean on the steel box to count.
Answer:
I wouldn't even need a pigtail jumper ground because the green screw has continuity with the 10-32 screw and ears of the receptacle anyway, right? Am I missing anything?

Since they used metal raceways you could do it this way only if the receptacles are of the "self-grounding" type. They are more expensive and have a metal clip on one end of the mounting yoke. Or, if your boxes are surface mount and you remove one of the plastic screw keepers. See (A) below.
Chicago has their own Electrical Code but I would be surprised if it is any more lenient than the National Electrical Code. They are usually more strict. The NEC allows self grounding receptacles to be used for grounding in this article, attention to (B):

250.146 Connecting Receptacle Grounding Terminal to Box.
  An equipment bonding jumper shall be used to connect the grounding terminal of a grounding-type receptacle to a grounded box unless grounded as in 250.146(A) through (D). The equipment bonding jumper shall be sized in accordance with Table 250.122 based on the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the circuit conductors.
(A) Surface-Mounted Box. Where the box is mounted on the surface, direct metal-to-metal contact between the device yoke and the box or a contact yoke or device that complies with 250.146(B) shall be permitted to ground the receptacle to the box. At least one of the insulating washers shall be removed from receptacles that do not have a contact yoke or device that complies with 250.146(B) to ensure direct metal-to-metal contact. This provision shall not apply to cover-mounted receptacles unless the box and cover combination are listed as providing satisfactory ground continuity between the box and the receptacle. A listed exposed work cover shall be permitted to be the grounding and bonding means when (1) the device is attached to
  the cover with at least two fasteners that are permanent (such as a rivet) or have a thread locking or screw or nut locking means and (2) when the cover mounting holes are located on a  at non-raised portion of the cover.
(B) Contact Devices or Yokes. Contact devices or yokes designed and listed as self-grounding shall be permitted in conjunction with the supporting screws to establish equipment bonding between the device yoke and  flush-type boxes.
(C) Floor Boxes.......
(D) Isolated Ground Receptacles......

Check with your inspector to see if you are under the Chicago Electrical Code and if it allows this.
Answer: Although this may sound good and show up on a meter is a good quality ground, all is not well.  The circular design of the BX jacket presents some particularly sticky circumstances when it is trying to clear a fault. On longer runs and runs that may not be clamped as tightly today as they once were, the jacket acts like a coil and creates a resistive field.  If the fault is not cleared in a short period of time the jacket can actually get hot and under worse case scenario start to glow like a resistive element.  Can anyone say 911.


HD44780 LCD - proper addressing for overseas 16x4 line display

Question: I bought a few 16 character by 4 line LCD's from ebay that are HD44780 compatible and today I was testing them.
The LCD advertisement is at: http://www.ebay.ca/itm/LCD-16x4-1604-Character-LCD-Display-Module-LCM-Yellow-Blacklight-5V-Arduino/401053633069
Various sources (including http://www.raviyp.com/embedded/142-16x4-lcd-line-addresses) tell me that:

For displaying the characters on the 1st line send the command 0x80
  For displaying the characters on the 2nd line send the command 0xC0
  For displaying the characters on the 3rd line send the command 0x94
  For displaying the characters on the 4th line send the command 0xD4

I did use these codes for specifying the beginning of the line. The first two lines of the display are correct but the last two lines are always indented in by 4 spaces (with the last set of characters missing) no matter what I display on the screen.
For example, If I wanted to display "0123456789ABCDEF" on the first or second line, all of it will fit and be displayed. However, if I tried it on the third or fourth line then I would see "    0123456789AB".
Upon examining the LCD module circuit board, the only labels I see are the pin definitions on each side and on the back side, I see a big label "1604A".
I'm tempted to try 0x90 for the 3rd line and 0xD0 for the 4th line, but before I do, is there a way to know regardless of the display I use which addresses represent the start of each line?
Answer: I just checked one of my LCD libraries.  I have in there "for a 4x16 line display the offset is 16 or 20".  So, yes, move your offsets.  Use 0x90 and 0xD0.


How can i create outline around the text in photoshop?

Question: I want to create outline around the text in photoshop if possible in illustrator as shown in the given image
Answer: You can try using Stroke (outer) Blending Option of Photoshop, for text layer.

Type your text. Apply Stroke (outside) from Blending options. May need to tweak settings of stroke to give you sharp stroke. Size should be as much as spacing you need
While the text layer is selected, go to Layer menu on top menu bar > Layer > Layer Style > Create Layer. This will give you the outer Stroke as a separate layer
Again, duplicate the newly created style layer (hide the unnecessary layers). Apply an outer stroke again, but this time the stroke weight should be according to the weight of the outline you need
Set the Fill to 0% of this layer
Convert the layer to Smart Object and then rasterize it (Right click > Rasterize)
You'll get the outline.

You may need to mask the unwanted marks and fix the path little bit using brush or a suitable tool.
Later you can move your text inside this outline.


Practice of my meditation

Question: When Itry to reach to the toothbrush in the morning I saw my mind intention to take  it and the hand movement is felt like as I was in a magnetic  field. What is it ?
Answer:
When Itry to reach to the toothbrush in the morning I saw my mind intention to take it and the hand movement is felt like as I was in a magnetic field. What is it ?

All actions are preceeded by the mind. An intention (Cetana in Pali), which is a mental formation, is the initiator behind the subsequent action done by the body - in this case the bodily action of reaching out for the toothbrush.
In reality that movement can be broken up into many smaller steps suchs extending the arm, flexing the wrist, flexing the fingers etc. There's also the feeling of touch sensation when holding the toothbrush and the awareness/consciousness of all the movements.
Beginning to see intentions is an important, vital step in understanding how the mind/body complex works. It's a sign that introspection is beginning to happen.
My advice would be to find a good teacher or undertake a meditation course to develop your practice further.
Comment: interesting point; how about 'actions' which are done reactively cf through specific reasoning, eg maintaining balance when moving/ walking over uneven terrain, maybe maintaining balance is somewhat considered overall, yet specific adjustments are simply done while moving & without specific pondering (for a somewhat practiced walker)
Answer: Intention = intention
Mind = mind
Magnetic field = magnetic field
Vipassana = clearly seeing of not-self (anatta); of elements (dhatu).
"I", "my", "I" = wrong view = source of suffering
Comment: Is it mindfulness?
Answer: You were ´seeing' reality as it truly 'operates':
Intention = desire = condition
(Body with arm, toothbrush at hand, etc., all conditions)
Mind = responsive naturing of reality (clarity, light, responsiveness)
Arm moving toward toothbrush = response
(Dropping toothbrush in sink = evidence that attention was distracted ☺)

Practice of my meditation


How to transfer PS4 game files from an old internal drive to a new one (bigger one)

Question: I bought a 500GB PS4 and 500GB just isn't enough so I was planning upgrade my internal storage with a 2TB DRIVE. A lot of my games are digital and after doing a lot of research, I found out that backing up that digital data and restoring it on another drive, might be a problem and I might have to redownload all my games again which I really wish not to do. Is there a way I could say back up all my data onto a drive and then swap the 500 GB drive with the 2TB and then restore my data onto the 2TB now in the console?
I am asking ahead just to know because if it's not possible, I'd just use the bigger drive as an external extended storage or something. But if it's possible, that'd be great.
Comment: The backup/restore features on the PS4 should allow you to do just this. Be warned that it is a slow process. It is now possible to use an external drive as extended storage but the external drive (USB) must be plugged directly into the console. You cannot use a USB hub except for backup and restore.. There are instructions for both methods on the playsation support website. .
Answer: I've done this plenty of times using the PS4's backup and restore utility with absolutely no problems. It does warn you that some games may not work, but I haven't run across this yet. IIRC trophies are the only thing that aren't transferred, but that's why they tell you to sync your trophies online first. It is a slow process though.
As pew noted as a comment, a recent PS4 update allows you to attach a drive via USB as extended storage. You can run games off the extended storage without issue.


How did the De Havilland Mosquito compete with contemporary jets?

Question: During the Second World War, the British De Havilland Mosquito light bomber achieved success in raids through its sheer speed. Traveling at up to 392 mph, it could outrun virtually all piston-engined interceptors, removing the need for it to carry defensive weaponry. Later in the war though, German jets like the ME-262 could travel at speeds in excess of 500 mph, seemingly making the Mosquito obsolete. How did the Mosquito compete with these jets successfully, despite the obsolescence of its only major advantage?
Comment: "Outrun" is a bit of a simplification; the Mosquito also had much better maneouverability than earlier light bombers (it was by no means designed for dogfighting but had more than just speed in its favour) [example](https://www.warhistoryonline.com/war-articles/fearless-feat-wwii-mosquito-pilot-5-german-focke-wulf-fw-190-aircraft.html)
Answer: The Mosquito was a great aircraft but it was not faster than Germany's Messerschmitt ME-109 and Focke-Wulf Fw 190 piston powered fighter aircraft.
It also did not successfully compete with the jet powered Messerschmitt Me 262. The limited numbers of ME-262 were probably the only reason the Mosquito could survive in the same airspace.
On 26 July 1944 the first aircraft to be shot down by a ME-262 was in fact a Mosquito: Mosquito Operational History
"a 262 A-1a, caught and severely damaged the Mosquito in a pursuit. The Mosquito, which managed to escape into cloud, later crashed at its destination airfield in Italy, and the airframe was written off"
Comment: If it made it home, did it really get shot down? :)
Comment: I think it's considered shot down in the damage done resulted in the airplane not being usable anymore.
Comment: Actually the Mosquito was faster than the BF109 (~400 to 450 mph vs 379 mph) and barely faster than the FW-190. However it was able to fly far higher than either, unless the german aircraft were specially modified for high altitude intercepts.
Comment: It is difficult to directly compare aircraft performance because there are many variables. (operation weight, operational altitude, external stores, etc.)  I have never heard of a 450 mph Mosquito (415 mph is the usual quoted top speed and the ME109K had a top speed 440 mph)    http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org is a great resource for researching WW II aircraft performance.
Comment: The account http://www.mossie.org/stories/Norman_Malayney_2.htm gives a good description of the speed during the combat with a flight of ME-262's
Answer: There's a pretty good account of two of the early encounters between photo recon Mosquitos and an ME-262 at this link: http://www.mossie.org/stories/Norman_Malayney_2.htm
In both cases while the ME-262s were about 50 mph faster than the Mosquitos, because the Mosquito was much more maneuverable than the ME-262 both survived.
Comment: Welcome to aviation.SE!
Answer: By the time that the ME-262 became operational, there was a huge lack of fuel, oil and resources in germany. They also lacked trained, experienced pilots. This means that missions in the ME-262 were limited, and they did not usually go up to shoot down photo-recon mosquitos. Instead the ME-262 and other german fighters of the time were reserved for anti-bombing missions were they tried to shoot down enemy bombers. This means that encounters between the Mosquito and the ME-262 were not that common, and if they found each other, the ME-262 would usually win.
Answer: the first encounter between the Mosquito and the Me262 was reported by the Mosquito crew (Wall and Lobban) on 25th of July 1944, while the Me262 pilot Scheiber reported the encounter on 26th July 1944.  Scheiber reported the Mosquito as a kill but the the latter survived and landed safely at a friendly base in Italy.
available records do not specify if said Mosquito was able to operate again, but damage was described as non-lethal.  the navigator did mention that the "outer dome" was blown out, but if it could fly from Germany to Italy then likely the damage was not enough to warrant a kill.  it probably flew again.
Comment: Welcome to Stack Exchange. It would improve your answer if you could include some sources for the information you've provided.
Comment: Proper capitalisation of sentences would also give a bit more credibility.
Comment: @Larry: It's not a snark. It's an encouragement to write properly as is recommended on most of the SE sites. Bad writing makes the posts difficult or confusing to read and reflect poorly on the author as well as lowering the overall quality of the SE sites. We make allowances if English is not a first language but there is nothing in the user profile to indicate this (and all European languages use capital letters at the start of sentences).
Comment: see my above comment, but there's the link
http://www.mossie.org/stories/Norman_Malayney_2.htm

BTW your credibility could be much enhanced without the snark @Transistor


Custom Infill Pattern Based on Self-Generated Geometry

Question: I am trying to look for my options for generating a custom infill pattern which complies to a geometry that I want to repeat. I can get the geometrical coordinates too in order to make the final shape. Has anyone done so previously?
Comment: Have you done a web search such as "characteristics of 3D-print infill patterns" to see the results of existing patterns in slice programs?
Comment: Is there a way to use my geometry as an infill pattern for say a cube.?
Answer: From my experience, this is hard, particularly because slicers are not made to handle it well. They generally do their infill generation efficiently in terms of 2D geometry, built as a function of the layer height and the outline(s) in the layer. Of course you can actually make the infill pattern part of your model geometry, or use a separate model intersected with the interior of your model as the infill, but having the infill structure be 3D geometry means that the slicer will be quantizing it to layers, and will have a hard time generating exactly-one-line-thickness extrusions that print will for the infill cross sections.
If you do want to do this anyway, OpenSCAD provides the tools to do the necessary intersection of your generated geometry pattern with the model interior.
Comment: I'll have a look at this. I want to use my geometry as an infill pattern for another solid.


What's the best way of making money?

Question: In Saints Row: The Third there are many things to buy: weapons, weapon upgrades, vehicle upgrades, crib upgrades, properties, tattoos, clothing, etc.. All of these added up are expensive. What's the best way of making money, so that I may acquire these things with haste?
Answer: I was initially emphasizing the fonts of key aspects of each method, but there are too many, so instead I'll simply tell you what to look out for: source and cash per unit time. Source means stuff like which activity or diversion, the difficulty level if it's an activity, or the vehicle and location if it's a barn-storm. These methods are aside from buying as many properties as possible to earn money over time passively, aside from buying that money DLC, aside from completing the missions that have bigger cash rewards, and certain other things.
This video claims $10,000+ (e.g., $11,913) in three minutes with Professor Genki's Super Ethical Reality Climax. Let's be generous and round: 12K/3 = 4K/minute. My record, with a partner, for cash is $24,907, in medium SERC. Restart will take a little over 4 minutes and 20 seconds = 260 seconds. That's about $5,748 per minute ($95.8/s), at best. Deaths detract from time, for example.
This video claims $40-80K per minute at the air-port. The barn storm lasts from 2:03 to 2:07, earning $10,216. It restarts at 2:22. 22-3 = 19 seconds. $32261.0526/minute = $537.684211/second which is not as good as the title claims. Caveat: Their method is only available close to the end of the game because it requires a vehicle that you may not get, depending on your decision in the story.
This video shows flying a plane at the air-port. I can't run its numbers well because it speeds up the video for the return pass, but it earns $5,108 per pass and takes a while to make a return pass (longer than another method which earns more per pass, so calculation isn't bothered with).
This video shows flying a VTOL jet at the air-port. Starts at 0:17, earns $5,108 per pass, and returns to the start after two passes at 0:58. 58-17 = 41 seconds. $5,108*2/41 = $249.170732/second = $14950/minute.
This video shows camping Luchadores in an Apache helicopter. It earns respect at the same time as earning cash, but this easily earns lesser cash. Thus, I don't want to bother to crunch its numbers.
[Video demonstrating camping Professor Genki spawns]
Even if I do find such a video again, factoring in the time that it takes to find Professor Genki can be from minutes to hours. Hours? There's a video series on YouTube whose original premise is finding Professor Genki. It spans more than one video. Don't believe assertions that Professor Genki spawns at a specific location; he only spawns randomly anywhere.
Nevertheless, if the game throws you a golden bone and you stumble upon a Professor Genki respawn, spawn camping Professor Genki is hands-down the fastest way to make money at $300 000 per kill. Recommendation: 2/5, it's not a livelihood, more like a windfall.
Sad Panda Skyblazing can be glitched such that a roof-clearing bonus is repeatedly awarded. 0:46 enters, $408350, 3:30 exits. The cash amount is modestly projected. 3:30-0:46 = 164 seconds. $149396.341/minute, $2489.93902/second, which is over 7 times Arapice Island barn-storming. Downside: Requires DLC and reproducibility. One commenter commented that it requires two players. I just recently learned about this, so I haven't tested its reproducibility. Upside: May be the fastest way to earn cash and may be fun to do with two players.
Helicopter barn-storming Arapice Island: 0:13 to 0:49 is a complete pair of passes, starting and ending at the same point, with the same velocity. These time values are based on the YouTube player. 49-13 = 36 seconds. 2*$6,166 = $12,332. $20553/minute, $342.6/second, $1233200/hour, sustainably.
Other benefits: With this method, you can pop on a podcast, and take it easy while still being efficient. The Thompson is available as soon as you enter Steelport.
Downside: It's easy to bump into the smoke-stacks accidentally.
Comment: imho the embedded videos make this post a bit unnecessarily long; consider just linking instead? (it looks especially ugly on Chrome with click-to-enable plugin behaviour...)
Comment: Roger wilco.321
Answer: For me, the easiest way is to leave myself standing in my crib and switch the input on my TV to watch cable. Every fifteen minutes, I switch back and collect the money. It may take a little longer, but at least it's more fun than other methods. I've made over ten million dollars this way. If you don't want to be stuck watching TV then do something else, but set a timer to remind yourself to keep coming back.
Answer: Idling is an easy way to rack up fat cash stacks.  I left mine idle for about 12 hours.  Fat stacks.
Answer: The best way to earn money is to do activities. I have 150 000$ already. This is the best way totally for me. It will help you.
Comment: You can delete your answer.  You can't edit it to no longer answer the question.

What's the best way of making money?


Riddleform and Hadana's Climb

Question: I have the card Hadana's Climb and Riddleform in my deck, if I add the +1/+1 counter on Riddleform while it's on it's creature form from my Hadana's Climb will it stay there until the next turn that my Riddleform changes or will the +1/+1 counter disappear after then end of turn?
Answer: Yes, your Riddleform will keep the +1/+1 counters on it.
Permanents don't generally care what counters are on them unless they have and effect that says they should care. So even when your Riddleform turns back into an an enchantment it will still have it's +1/+1 counters on it (even though those counters won't do anything).
One special case to note is that your Hadana's Climb can only place +1/+1 counters on creatures. So even if your Riddleform has already received a counter or two, you will not be able to place additional counters on it with Hadana's Climb (and then cause the transform) if it is not currently a creature.
Answer: Yes, the counter will remain.
From the Comprehensive Rules:

121.1. A counter is a marker placed on an object or player that modifies its characteristics and/or interacts with a rule, ability, or effect. Counters are not objects and have no characteristics. Notably, a counter is not a token, and a token is not a counter. Counters with the same name or description are interchangeable.

You can put a counter on any object on the battlefield, as long as that object is a valid target when the ability/spell that puts a counter on it resolves. You can only put a +1/+1 counter on Riddleform using Hadana's Climb's ability if Riddleform is a creature, but any +1/+1 counters already on it when it stops being a creature will remain. It's worth noting that, since +1/+1 counters only have an effect on creatures, they'll essentially do nothing while Riddleform is an enchantment.

Riddleform and Hadana's Climb


Why didn't Vegeta use Super Saiyan Blue Evolution transformation in the Dragon Ball Super: Broly movie?

Question: In Dragon Ball Super: Broly movie, Vegeta did not use his Super Saiyan Blue Evolution transformation which looks like below.

Why didn't Vegeta use it?
Comment: Yea true, But it seems odd not for Vegeta to use that form once more , But on an up note he achieved ssjg does that mean if he does what Goku did with something like a spirit bomb or some other "New attack" He could achieve Ultra Instinct?
Comment: Related: https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/49702/why-goku-and-vegeta-didnt-use-super-saiyan-blue-kaioken-and-super-saiyan-blue-ev
Answer: Well firstly, the form is called Super Saiyan Blue Evolution and it is Vegeta's comparable form to that of Goku's Super Saiyan Blue KaiokenAs for why it wasn't in the movie, there is no definite reason as we don't see any comments from the staff with regard to the same. However, there are several reasons why this could be the case, for instance Due to the limited amount of time, there wasn't sufficient time to showcase as many transformations.Super Saiyan Blue Kaioken and Super Saiyan Blue Evolution weren't created by Toriyama.Keeping in mind the audience for the movie, it wouldn't have made as much sense if they had Goku and Vegeta use 2 random transformations and then fuse into Gogeta and use Super Saiyan Blue instead of the other transformations.Even from a story perspective, Vegeta and Goku weren't pushed to the same extent they were against Jiren. We don't know whether Vegeta can still tap into the transformation etc.In the manga we see Mastered Super Saiyan Blue Goku/Vegeta fighting Broly and it was stated that the movie was a continuation of both the manga and the anime. So yes! There is no definite way to conclude why Vegeta didn't use the transformation apart from speculating based on some of the facts which I mentioned above.
Answer: Contrasting Gary's answer, it is wrong. This form was created by Akira Toriyama but it's much different. In the manga, Vegeta did use this form to fight Jiren and it had more power. In the manga, it's much different. It's mentioned by Whis and Berus that Vegeta has evolved. In the manga, this form is called Super Saiyan Blue Evolved. In the manga, there's no X20 Super Saiyan Blue Kaio-ken, but there is something similar that has more power but lasts only a few 10 seconds. It has no name but Goku mentions saying "I'll push to my limit", basically Super Saiyan Blue Limited.
In the Broly movie, when Goku powers up to SSJ Blue, it looks exactly like this form. So Goku did use his strongest powered-up version of SSJ Blue but was not enough for Broly. You have to take note that the movie is like the manga.
As for Vegeta not using his evolved form is quite not answered, but could be it requires more God energy and time to use it which he did not have at that moment. Also, it shows that Vegeta was not able to use his full power. But according to reading a part in the manga, Jaco mentions, "Wow Goku, you're strong", Goku says, "Not really, I fought a Saiyan stronger than me named Broly", Jaco says, "Wow, sounds scary". Later Vegeta answered, "Yeah, but we both easily defeated him". By the sound of this conversation, Vegeta and Goku both using mastered SSJ Blue easily defeated Broly with no fusion. The Broly movie anime exaggerated Broly's power and required fusion which kinda sucks.
Answer: I believe it's because Kakarot and Vegeta realised that a power increase of that scale wasn't enough and Broly would just adapt to the new strength. So they needed a greater difference in strength than x20 SSJB/SSJBE.


In Supply and Demand is Quantity the Amount of Inventory of the Amount of Units Sold?

Question: I am new to economics in school and we are going over supply and demand.  This may sound like a very simple question, but I just need one thing clarified.  When quantity is mentioned in the graphs is that referring to our total inventory or just the number of units sold?  Thanks.
Answer: Demand and supply are functions indicating the price at which a certain quantity would be traded. They represent the intentions of producers and consumers to buy or sell a given quantity at a certain price.
Reciprocally, you can consider that these curves show you, for a given price, how much the producers would sell and how much the consumers would buy.
Now in reality, for the portion of the demand curve which is higher than the supply curve (ie. Consumers would buy the quantity at a higher price than producers would sell it), the market clears the quantity in question at whatever price lies in-between. The portion of the graph where the demand curve is below the supply curve can contain some inventory: that's exactly what the order book of a stock exchange is, with bid (buy) and ask (sell) offers.
Answer: Q refers to a potential. The equilibrium Q is the one which actually occurs (although real economies are more complicated than that). In practice, firms stock inventory of their goods, anticipating demand based on their expectations. Firms normally do not operate on a Japanese-style "just in time" basis (google the concept). It's risky. They keep stock. Sometimes the stocks last for long.
In accounting also firms operate on different basis. There is the FIFO and the LIFO, which are different ways to manage production, demand and inventories. You can read https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFO_and_LIFO_accounting for more information.
Answer: In a typical price-quantity graph, such as this for a monopolist from Wikipedia, the quantity is the amount produced and sold


About pronunciation of 大家

Question: Can 大家 be pronounced like dà a ? I heard lots of Chinese'd pronounced just like that. Who can help me with this?
Comment: Just like "written" is sometimes read "REE--IN" (like that)
Comment: Where do these Chinese live?
Comment: @吳斯生 I don't know exactly where they come from. But when they were talking casually, I could always hear it.
Comment: Where did you hear it?
Comment: @吳斯生 lots of different channels from Internet.
Comment: Why do you think it's 大家? What's the context?
Answer: This phenomenon is called 懒音. And it can be very common in casual spoken language and it's really a personal habit varies for different people. In the case of 大家, the consonant of 家 is omitted for an easier pronunciation, since the vowel of 大 and 家 are both open vowel /a/, and /ʨ/ in the center is somewhat hard to articulate. Therefore, it becomes something like /ta a/.
Answer: No. Always da4 jia1 in mandarin.
Answer: Sometimes in informal speech, in Beijing anyway, a "j" is pronounced so subtly as to be inaudible to the foreign ear.  In a restaurant yesterday the staff discussed my request to leave out soy sauce 酱油 (to keep down sodium).  To me they seemed to say "iang you."
But they certainly did not pronounce it the way they would say 样油/yang you (if such a thing existed), or 羊油 (mutton fat, which does exist, but has yang with second tone).
So I think renfeng is right that to the native ear the j is being pronounced.
I suspect that, if these people who seem to drop the j in 大家 were to say 大鸭, then you would hear a more distinct i-onset to 鸭 than you are hearing to 家.
Answer: In television programs people often speak very fast, then 大家 sounds like dà-yā or dà-ā.
Answer: 大家 is pronounced as dà jiā
you can convert pinyin to chinese characters:
http://www.hanbridgemandarin.com/article/chinese-characters-learning-tips/pinyin-to-chinese-characters
and you can also convert chinese characters to pinyin
http://www.hanbridgemandarin.com/article/chinese-learning-tips/how-to-convert-chinese-characters-into-pinyin-online
Answer: It should be pronounced like "dà-jia".
I think you hear "da-a" word is because of fast speaking .

About pronunciation of 大家


Does Clark Kent have a weight problem?

Question: This question came to mind while watching an overloaded vehicle tilting down the road ahead of me. Are Kryptonians Height & Weight Proportional (H/W/P) to humans? I'm curious to know if Clark has to fly (hover just a little bit) in order to adjust his weight and level load a cars suspension system so he blends in when he travels with earthlings in automobiles.
Comment: Can't help but think of the [scene](http://youtu.be/80XRvNNAYKI?t=40s) in The Incredibles.
Comment: Can you define "H/W/P"?
Comment: Are you trying to fat-shame the Man of Steel?
Answer: No, Clark Kent doesn't have a weight problem. But he should. Superman has since the late sixties been portrayed as having the height and weight proportions of a normal human male, despite his superhuman strength.
DC Comics has not bothered to address this issue with Superman in any of the previous iterations of the Man of Steel. He has almost always been listed around 6 to 6.5 feet tall weighing approximately 225 - 250 pounds, sometimes a bit more.

Scientifically speaking Clark Kent, indeed all Kryptonians should weigh, at least a bit  more, and have a greater molecular weight than normal humans. Coming from a world which was supposedly significantly larger, they would have to have been much stronger to maintain their human-like appearance.

His strength, since the Golden Age has not depended on his arrival from a heavy gravity planet, and in many iterations, Krypton is not even considered a heavy gravity world. In those cases, Superman's superhuman strength is strictly a product of his solar-powered infusion/conversion of energy into superhuman strength and his other powers.

No, this has not been portrayed consistently; particularly during periods where Kal-el might lose his powers or during the period as Superman Blue/Red when he had no superhuman strength at all.

In the Marvel Universe, for example, the Asgardians to partially compensate for their superhuman strength (even a normal Asgardian can lift ten tons) have three times the bone, muscle and overall tissue density of normal humans. Yes, in the case of some Asgardians they have even greater strength, but we assume there is a magical component for those who are lifting far in excess of that.

None of this makes strict sense and with multiple versions of Krypton, Superman, writer and editor inconsistency, it is not surprising the details have gotten lost or glossed over. Just look at the modifications for the planet Krypton over the decades:

Krypton and its history has been altered to a great extent from its previous versions. In the post-Crisis Krypton, sexual reproduction was considered obscene, and thus, all children were conceived in birthing matrices. After Infinite Crisis, this was taken out of Kryptonian culture.

Also in post-Crisis Krypton, this planet was located in a solar system within the Milky Way galaxy close enough that the radiation from the explosion (traveling only at light speed) was able to reach Earth (Action #600).

But after Superman: Birthright it was suggested that the planet Krypton was from an entirely different galaxy. In current continuity however, Krypton has been revised back to its previous position and is confirmed to be in the sector of space that borders that of Earth.

The Green Lanterns have dubbed Krypton's sector of space 2813 (Earth's being 2814) and was under the protection of Green Lantern Tomar-Re when it was destroyed. Another element to the previous version of Krypton was that all Kryptonians were unable to leave their planet or they would die instantly. This was a result of the Eradicator altering the genetic codes of Kryptonians to keep them planet-bound after a group of them left Krypton to explore and colonize other planets. The Eradicator punished these Kryptonians by altering their genetic codes to be vulnerable to lead, which resulted in the Daxamites.

Originally, Jor-El had a serum that he invented that would allow a Kryptonian to leave the planet safely; which he gave to his son Kal-El upon leaving for Earth. This was created to maintain the rule of Superman being the only Kryptonian survivor which was the theme of the post-Crisis Superman mythos.

This was reversed after 2003 when it was revealed that Superboy (Conner Kent) was half Kryptonian and then in 2004 when Supergirl (Kara Zor-El) arrived on Earth. The Eradicator did not place the planet-bound restrictions on the Krypton of the current DC universe but it still seems to be responsible for the Daxamites' lead vulnerability.

The Krypton of the current continuity was at one time an expanding empire that conquered other planets for years but was dismantled after the Kryptonian high council decided that their methods were too aggressive. The city of Kandor had a lunar city named after the planet bound city and when the lunar colony was destroyed, Brainiac kidnapped the real Kandor.

Other multi-ethnic versions of Kryptonians that resemble African-Americans and Asians also make an appearance in current continuity. Though previously, "black" Kryptonians were mainly confined within the Kryptonian continent of Vathlo Island. In the New Earth continuity, dark-skinned Kryptonians are more integrated into Kryptonian society than they were in the silver and pre-modern age DC universe. The other racially diverse people of Krypton came from a continent called Twenx. --Wikipedia > Krypton
Comment: @Tacroy I think the question is essentially asking whether Superman actually does "hover" or not to appear normal weight. This answer addresses that well +1.
Comment: Since Supes can fly, measuring his weight is meaningless; if you put him on a scale, he could "hover" just enough to weigh a normal human amount.
Comment: @Tacroy According to Boeing, the maximum gross takeoff weight of a 747-400 is approximately 900,000 pounds. A grounded Clark Kent has to have a gross weight as well.

Does Clark Kent have a weight problem?