How do I adjust the temp to bake country ribs so they take twice as long?

Question: I want to cook my pork country ribs for about 4 hours, while we're at church.  They're covered, and have a sauce on them.  The original recipe says 1.5-2 hours at 350°.  What temp would be the best for that cooking time?
Comment: I would cook at 200 then raise to 350 when you get back and test every 10 minutes.  That is what we did with potatoes for a golf tournament I helped in the kitchen.
Answer: I don't consider this a complete answer, but I've been told enough times to stop putting potential answers in comments ... so ...
Temperature / time curves are so strange for meats that I find it easiest to look at a whole bunch of recipes, and find the one(s) that match the time I'm looking for, and then average the temperatures from those.
To expand that comment into a real answer, for this particular case, allrecipes.com gives 41 recipes when searching for 'pork country ribs'.  I then weeded out those without temperatures (stovetop, grill, slow cooker), or that weren't actually country rib recipes, leaving me with:

250°F : 2 hrs, drain fat & liquid, coat w/ sauce, another 1hr
300°F : flour & brown on all sides, bake ribs in sauce for 1.5hrs, turn over, another 1.5hrs.  (problem: calls for basting 'several times', which  slows things down)
325°F : simmering for 10 minutes, bake for 1.5hrs
325°F : 1 to 1.5 hrs (until 160°F/70°C)
350°F : 1 hr, add sauce, another 1hr
350°F : grill for 12 minutes, bake for 1hr, add sauce, bake another 1.5 hrs.
350°F : 2 hrs
400°F : 1 hr

Slow cooker, just for comparison:

low :

6hrs ('asian style', so I assume wouldn't be 'fall off the bone')
7 to 9hrs
'about 8 hours' (until tender)
4hrs, add sauce, another 4 hrs
9hrs, straight from the fridge
8 to 10 hrs 'til falling apart (x2)
3 hrs  (major outlier)

high, then low:

1hr high, 8-9 hrs low.

...
So um ... wow, that wasn't useful.  I likely should've made sure if they were bone-in vs. boneless.  And it's possible those baked w/out sauce would have less insulation and cook faster.
Looking at more recipes isn't making it any clearer, but I'd have to say 225 to 250°F to get it take 4 hrs -- warm enough to dissolve the collagen, but low enough to make it take a while to overcook.
Answer: 350 F is too high a temp for ribs---- covered or not. I like the meat to be fallin' of the bone. So, merely reduce the temp to, say, 250 F and bake longer. This will take longer so you will need to experiment a bit to get the right baking time.  This should yield a moister meat also.


What is different between "M" and "A" with exposure compensation modes?

Question: Are there any different in using camera in manual mode vs aperture mode plus exposure compensation? This the same according to dynamic range or maybe something other difference?
Answer: If the shutter speed, aperture, ISO and other camera settings are all the same, photos should be identical. What M mode does give you is the ability to go beyond the max exposure compensation that Av provides.
Answer: Auto with exposure compensation (at a fixed ISO)  can give you the same lighting levels as manual, unless you want a very under- or over-exposed image (according to the meter in the camera).
What it's unlikely to give you is the same combination of aperture and shutter speed. You can get this combination by using program (P) mode, with exposure compensation and program shift. This can be a little fiddly but I use it on occasion. Program shift keeps the same total light level, but allows you to trade off shutter speed vs. aperture on a dial. Many auto modes even set the ISO for you - though on SLRs there's usually an auto mode that doesn't.
The dynamic range of the sensor is fixed. Optimising the amount of light falling on the sensor allows you to use as much of it as possible. Saving as raw means it's kept when you save the file, while jpegs throw away some dynamic range.


Halogen Light Fixture with Broken prong

Question: Halogen light bulb prong broke off in fixture and can not be removed.  I inserted another bulb with prong in the socket and left other prong out.  The light is now working; however, I need to know if this is safe.
Comment: Until you show an image of what you are trying to decribe I'll go with Not Safe.
Answer: It is NOT safe since as indicated in the question only one prong of the bulb is in its socket contact. Obviously the other one that you left out is merely touching the other broken off prong.
Touching is not good enough as the bulb could move some and turn a touching contact into an intermittent one. This results in arcing and extreme heat generation that can lead to burning the socket, attached wiring and even lead to a fire. The fact that halogen bulbs already generate high heat leads to greater possibility of the bulb to move around as it heats up or cools off.

Halogen Light Fixture with Broken prong


Marriage with baby's feeder

Question: I have question in Shia's law. If a woman feeding baby through her breasts in enough time and enough amount, can father of the baby marry with her?
Answer: In the name Allah, the Entirely merciful, the Especially Merciful / بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

Based on my research/conclusion –if I'm not mistaken--, if we consider the mentioned woman as foster-mother (Rada/redaee (figh) mother) and likewise by supposing that all the conditions of Radaee mother have been done properly/entirely, subsequently it can be concluded that:
She can get married to baby's father.
Since based on what I've perceived in the issue of Rada (fiqh), such feeding (of milk...) doesn't make the Radaee-mother mahram to baby's father, hence she (foster mother) can get married to baby's father.
Hopefully, I've concluded it properly. Good luck.

References:
article.tebyan.net/5713 & etc.
www.sistani.org/persian/book/50/116/
www.islamquest.net/fa/archive/question/4345
www.islamquest.net/fa/archive/question/fa12832
www.farsnews.com/printable.php?nn=13901201001519

Marriage with baby's feeder


Do the elevators generate vortices?

Question: I want to know whether the elevators generate vortices like the wings do? If yes, then where do the vortices form?
Answer: Yes, they do. The elevator vortices I have observed are pinned to the trailing edge corners of the elevator and are made visible when the aircraft is traveling through moist air that is very close to the dew point temperature, and at a significant angle of attack. There's a hotel at LAX where you can look out the windows and watch planes fly by on final, just before touchdown; on a foggy afternoon they are all trailing vortices behind them.
Comment: Proud Bird restaurant just down the road from LAX is another good place to watch from. On Aviation Blvd, very close to the landing ends of 24 L/R and 25 L/R.  Hilton at LAX also has a good view, especially from the upper rooms facing south. Farther away tho.  Too dry when I was there a month ago, no vortices seen.

Do the elevators generate vortices?


DNS resolve without depending on router for asterisk system

Question: Basically I have a Debian box running asterisk assigned an IP via DHCP with host-name XXX. My windows browser can resolve the host-name but if I use host-name in X-Lite or my SPA922 phone it fails to resolve. Is there any way of getting this to work without depending on the router or assigning a static IP (request is to make it portable). I was thinking zero-conf but am unsure (box has limited HDD too). Any help is most appreciated.
Comment: Try asking on http://serverfault.com/
Answer: There are a couple of ways you could do this.
Personally I replaced my stock router firmware with DD-WRT and it then serves as both the DHCP server and supports a local name server (so all machines on the local LAN can access each other by name).
Not quite "not depending on the router" but pretty low configuration, and nothing to configure at all on the client devices really.


Parking in Belgium

Question: I want to rent a car in Belgium. As a non-resident am I allowed to leave the car for a couple hours (~10) outside the non-free parking spots and don't worry about receiving a penalty from the local police? I mean at shop parking or places like what is shown here, it can be away from town centers. The car will be rented so it will probably be registered with Belgian plates. Does it mean when driving it, I have the same privileges as a Belgian resident?
Comment: "a couple hours (~10)" Ten is nowhere near 'a couple'.
Comment: I don't know about Belgium but in UK the parking in restricted areas does not have any "I am a local" privilege unless you have a permit for what is [posted on a sign](https://citydeal-live.storage.googleapis.com/upload/img_cache/file-1285-ccfcedebfbf453724605f78dec458e46.jpg)
Comment: Most places have much more fine grained control of parking than just national plates. You will likely find that 'resident' in this context means resident of a particular street. If you don't obey local rules your car will get a ticket and the rental company will add the fine to your credit card bill.
Comment: There are no any driving privileges for Belgian residents. There might be some in some streets or parklots but it's only for the people who live in the nearest neighbourhood and yoe will see the corresponding signs.
Answer: Short answer: no problem. You can park just like anyone else.
Long answer:
In Belgium, the maximum duration is governed by Article 27 of the "Arrêté royal portant règlement général sur la police de la circulation routière et de l'usage de la voie publique".
27.1 and 27.2 deal with the situation if there is an indication of maximum duration (signs and such). If so, you have to follow this indication. 27.3 deals with paid parking. If you don't pay or don't pay enough you can get fined. 27.4 deals with parking for disabled persons. I'm assuming that this doesn't apply. 27.6 says that some of the previous rules don't apply if you park in front of your own driveway.
Then, we are left with 27.5 which limits the allowed parking duration in a few cases:

27.5.1: if your vehicle is unable to move (it really broke down), the maximum is 24 hours.
27.5.2: in built-up areas and if your vehicle has a maximum allowed weight above 7.5 tons (i.e. it is a truck or something big), the maximum is 8 hours.
27.5.3: if it is one of those riding billboards, the maximum is three hours.

No other limitations are specified. Conclusion: for a normal car, if you follow what the signs say about maximum duration or paid parking, there is no limit. There is no distinction between residents or others in that matter (unless such a distinction would be made on the sign).
This applies to the public road. If we are talking about private parkings (e.g. around a big supermarket), whatever the owner of the parking allows will apply.

Parking in Belgium


What is the best 3rd party cheap lens for shooting events with canon 600D?

Question: I would like to buy a 3rd party lens for my Canon 600D, I am looking more for shooting at events like parties. I'm looking for something cheap with a large zoom range.
Comment: Welcome to photo.SE! Can you please define your price range?
Comment: "What is the best 3rd party lens?" This question is too much subjective and will vary from person to person. However, if you want a cheaper solution to your optical needs, and therefore looking for a 3rd party lens for your specific works, we can suggest some.
Comment: @jrista: I believe the question title was edited by Imre and my comment was before that! Previously the question was "What is the best 3rd party lens for 600D" which was very subjective in my opinion.
Comment: @ShutterBug: Sorry, didn't check edits before I commented.
Answer: Tamron 17-50 f/2.8 VC/Non-VC comes in mind. Both are cheap and have okay image quality. f/2.8 allows you to shoot indoor while keeping your ISO to a reasonable range. This is a good lens. The Non-VC (VC = Vibration Compensation, similar to IS) version has slightly better sharpness and contrast comparing to the VC version, but Tamrons VC is a good thing to have, I've found it better than IS in consumer grade canon lenses.
Here's a link for the review of the VC version and the Non-VC version. Don't forget to check and compare the ISO crop charts.
Comment: I've heard good things about this lens. [Here](http://darwinwiggett.wordpress.com/2011/05/09/sigma-17-50mm-f2-8-vs-canon-17-55mm-f2-8-and-tamron-17-50mm-f2-8/) is an interesting comparison. I am personally considering either the Tamron or the equivalent Sigma.  For parties and similar events though, the sigma is said to have a better IS. (also a higher price though). Do you have the Tamron? Is it really as noisy as "they" say?
Comment: Comparing to Canon USM, yes its noisy. Its noise is somewhat similar to the Canon 50mm f/1.8. In a busy event, it wont give you out, but in a seminar or quiet environment, this might draw some attention.
Comment: Also I dont own this lens and therefore do not have any first hand experience. Cant comment on the focus-accuracy issues mention in the link you provided. But, yes Tamron lenses are said to have focus issues, this is not a surprise. But also, its acceptable for the price if you're not shooting professional.
Comment: I have shared my experience with the non-VC version of the Tamron on a similar question [here](http://photo.stackexchange.com/a/17720/7373)
Answer: Cheap isn't good and good isn't cheap.
Good can be reasonably priced though, for events basically you never want your lowest aperture to be above f4 if you can avoid it, otherwise you'll be looking to use flash, which if you're trying to remain stealthy and go for candids will draw the attention to you.
I'd recommend looking at something like the Sigma 50-150 2.8, you can pick one up for around about £399 second hand in excellent condition. Not hugely cheap, but not hugely expensive and at 2.8 you're going to get pretty good results in not great lighting conditions, the zoom range is fairly flexible but you might want to consider having something wider for grabbing group shots as well. If you're going to be needing a wider lens then I'd say have a look at the Sigma 24-70 2.8 which you can get for around £450 second hand excellent condition.
Answer: Generally speaking, for events like parties you'd want a lens with a large aperture to enable you better shooting in low light. Unfortunately, these are usually not cheap.The ultimate solution may be Canon's 24-70 F2.8L lens - but it is awfully expensive. However, you have some alternatives:

Use an external flash. Some 3rd party flashes are ETTL compatible and can be fully utilized with your 600D.
Use a fast prime. The EF 50mm F1.8 cost around $100. It is a fast and nice lens, but it is of fixed focal length.

I am not familiar with 3rd party lenses so I have no special recommendation here.
Comment: And the reason for the downvote (I guess it is the same voter as in @ShutterBug answer)? I hate it when people downvote w/o an explanation. What value does it have to the community? How can we all learn?
Comment: I think the downvote was because your answer did not have any info regarding 3rd party lenses which the question is all about.
Comment: @ShutterBug - I assumed that, but then it does not explain why he downvoted your answer as well.
Comment: may be he works in Canon or Sigma and cant stand Tamron :P
Answer: One option is using prime lens: For example Canon 50/1.8 (not a third-party lens, but definitely inexpensive) sells for less than 100€, and in indoor conditions the f/1.8 aperture really helps you. Of course then you're fixed to one range, but even f/2.8 zooms cost 4-25 times more, and f/1.8 lets 2.4 times more light in than f/2.8, so it has some advantages.


Algorithm Design for Linear Programming

Question: I am trying to complete question and would like to avoid copying answers, but I do not necessarily understand what I am doing.
I am working on the following problem:

Suppose you are consulting for a company that manufactures PC. equipment and ships it to distributors all over the country. For each of the next n weeks, they have a projected supply $s_i$ of equipment (measured in pounds) that has to be shipped by an air freight carrier. Each weeks supply can be carried by one of two air freight companies, $A$ or $B$.

Company $A$ charges a fixed rate $r$ per pound (so it costs $r$ x $s$ to ship a week's supply $s_i$).
Company $B$ makes contracts for a fixed amount $c$ per week. independent of the weight. However, contracts with company $B$ must be made in blocks of four consecutive weeks at a time.

A schedule for the PC company is a choice of air freight company ($A$ or $B$) for each of the $n$ weeks with the restriction that company $B$, whenever it is chosen, must be chosen for blocks of four contiguous weeks in time. The cost of the schedule is the total amount paid to company $A$ and $B$, according to the description above.
Give a polynomial-time algorithm that takes a sequence of supply values $s_1, s_2, \cdots, s_n$ and returns a schedule of minimum cost. For example, suppose $r = 1$, $c = 10$, and the sequence of values is
  $11, 9, 9, 12, 12, 12, 12, 9, 9, 11.$
Then the optimal schedule would be to choose company $A$ for the first three weeks, company $B$ for the next block of four contiguous weeks. and then company $A$ for the final three weeks.

I am trying to write algorithm, in pseudo code, that completed the following steps in order to solve the challenge, but I don't know even where begin this solution. My initial suspect on how to solve this:

Determine what the "optimal" formula looks like, which is: MIN((r*s + OPT(i-1), (3c + OPT(i-3))

This would determine the most optimal between $A$ or $B$ given their restrictions.
Therefore I would need to determine the most optimal schedules for the weeks preceding the $i^{\text{th}}$ week. Meaning I would end up running OPT(n-1) for every n, thus resulting in OPT(n) total runs so (n) time complexity.
Any advice on how to generate pseudocode for this would be appreciated...I am trying to learn but am not very effective.
Comment: Could you please credit the original source of the problem?
Comment: I don't know what the source is, it was a handout in class @Apass.Jack
Answer: The approach you used is called dynamic programming.
In dynamic programming, a series of decisions are made in order to maximize some function, where the options available at any given time depend on the decision we have made before. You may want to check a tutorial on TopCoder or some course material at your hand.
You have started to figure out the recurrence relation, the hallmark of dynamic programming. However, it looks like you made an off-by-one error.
You can imitate the pseudocode in that tutorial. Or many other pseudocode such as those in the Introduction to algorithm by Corman et al.
Here is my pseudocode for this problem, where you can find the correct recurrence relation. I assume $n\ge4$; otherwise the only choice is to use
company $A$ always.

Let $OPT$ be an array of size $n$.
$OPT[0]=0$, $OPT[1]=s_1r$, $OPT[2]=(s_1+s_2)r$, $OPT[3]=(s_1+s_2+s_3)r$
For $i$ = 4 to $n$,  $OPT[i] = \min(OPT[i-1] + s_ir, OPT[i-4] + 4c)$
Output $OPT[n]$
Comment: Thank you, this confirmed what I was thinking.

Algorithm Design for Linear Programming


Can we see local variable directly by inspecting the disk image (file in disk)?

Question: As far as I know, global and static variables are stored in heap memory, while local variables are on stack memory. I think this is the case when we speak about a binary file (like PE) that is located in memory. If this is correct, I am wondering: Are local and global variables stored plainly in a disk image (binary in Disk), can we see them directly by inspecting the disk image?
Comment: Yes, you can usually find these variables in the .data section
Comment: @user2073973 Even local variables?
Comment: @Aan if by local values you mean something like, `std::string = "bla";` then yes. The `"bla"`const char array will be stored on the .data (depending on your compiler settings) section.
Answer: First, local variables needn't be stored on the stack. Modern compilers will first try to use CPU registers to store local variables.
Next, heap and stack are terms that relate to virtual memory. Virtual memory starts to exist when the operating system creates the process. It does not exist when the file is on disk only. Therefore, you can never see a variable on disk.
Now, @user2073973 left a comment that the variables are stored in the .data section. This is typically true, but

a compiler does not need to generate a .data section, if he can avoid it by other means.
without symbols, the .data section is just data. You don't know which portion will make up a variable. AB12CD34EF could be 5 bytes or 1 int + 1 byte.
Answer: Data storage on modern OSes and their appropriate file formats is far more complex than that.
There are multiple locations to store variables, of those the more predominant are:

The stack. This is where small-scoped variables are usually stored, often defined in the function or code block level. Those variables are relatively "cheap" to allocate but their scope is limited isn't flexible. Stack is somewhat limited in size, and allocating too many big variables may cause stack overflow crashes.
The heap. The heap allows more control and flexibility of the scope a variable leaves in, at the cost of bugs potential (memory leaks, heap corruption) and security vulnerabilities. It is also slightly more "expensive" to allocate performance-wise. The heap is only limited buy the address space size and available RAM, when RAM limitations are mitigated by using the page file (called swap in Linux/Mac).
Virtual memory (directly). Quite similar to the heap, but instead of using the OS's flexible-size heap chunks allocation, allocating entire pages and managing their partition manually. This is quite similar and rarely used in common-day programs.
pre-allocated regions. Some global-scoped variables (global and static variables are stored here, not on the heap) are often allocated inside PE regions designated for variables. These regions are often divided to an uninitialized section and an initialized section.

The last one, the pre-allocated regions, is the only type of variable storage encoded in the PE file directly and the only one there's a chance to access from the hard drive, but only initial values are readable. You cannot use that to read current variable values (because those will only be stored in memory).


How can I import multi-page AI files or PDFs to InDesign CS5.5?

Question: I'm currently using Adobe InDesign CS5.5 and Illustrator CS5.1. I'm working on a school project in which I have to make a book in InDesign and I would like to import either an AI file or PDF created in AI which has 4 artboards in it to ID. Are there any ways to directly import the artboards to InDesign?
Comment: Hi David, welcome to GDSE and thanks for your question. If you want to know more about the site, please see the [help] or ping one of us in the [chat] once your reputation is sufficient (20). Keep contributing and enjoy the site!
Answer: Place the file as usual with File > Place... (Cmd / Ctrl+D), but before clicking 'Open', check the 'Show Import Options' box. That way, you will have the options to choose the page / artboard you want to place. Simply repeat placing the file to place the other pages / artboards.
Comment: @DavinMak Welcome, anytime. If my answer actually helped you, please consider clicking the checkmark next to it to make it the 'accepted' answer. That way other users know that it's the 'correct' answer, and it's good for site stats. The more questions get answered and accepted, the better and more reliable we look for it. Thanks!
Answer: It may not be very helpful in this instance since its only 4 pages, but if you're ever in need of importing/placing multiple pages which would be tough to do manually, there's an easy-to-use script that comes built-in with InDesign called PlaceMultiPagePDF.jsx. It can found in the Scripts panel under 'Samples → Javascript'. It works like a charm and is very efficient at quickly importing multi-page PDFs/Illustrator files (Illustrator because its easy enough to convert artboards to PDFs).
Answer: We at Markzware have a tool called PDF2DTP. This is conventionally a PDF to InDesign conversion software. It will also convert most .AI Illustrator files into new InDesign documents as well. I say most, for you will have to have clicked on the "Create PDF compatible File" when saving the .ai file. (But that is on by default, so most are as such)
This is an Illustrator to InDesign conversion with all pages, geometry and placed images or elements. There generally will be some touching-up needed, but it can also pleasantly surprise! Here is a video on how that works:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ypyzFMKVxRE


I need help controlling the 'sled' motor of a CD-ROM, based off of a datasheet

Question: I have a CD-ROM that I would like to use the stepper motor from. I specifically would like to use the existing driver for it. The circuit diagram for this driver, the BD7907FS, is below. I understand how the stepper motor works, but do not know how to use this chip to control it. I am used to a 'step' and 'dir' pin, where as it appears, this IC has a "SLED IN1" and "SLED IN2" pin (pin 28 and 29), which I assume is how you control the sled's stepper motor. I could also use help determining the input voltage for said pins.
Comment: This chip drives all five motors in the CD. You only intend on using the microstepping sled driver?
Comment: Yes that is my intent.
Answer: My notes are for measurements made on the similar BD7902 chip.
SLED_in1 has measured average voltage of 1.412V
SLED_in2 has measured average voltage of 1.412V
This average voltage also appears on pin 27, called "VC" and must be above 0.7 volts to awaken the sled motor driver.
The two sled control inputs are driven with analog quadrature sinusoidal signals something like this:

One full cycle of these two inputs gives one "step". Current sense resistors feeding pins 31 and 32 are also required. These are in the 0.5 to 1.0 ohm ballpark. +12V and +5V supplies are required as well.
Driver logic control pins 22, 23 seem to control subsections of this chip. For the BD7902, pin 23 must be pulled to logic high for the sled motor, spindle motor, focus motor, tracking motor to be active. Pin 22 seems to be don't-care as far as the sled is concerned (it controls door loading motor).
Unlike the "step" and "direction" controller that you're familiar with, this one does microstepping to keep the sled from jerking from step to step, although the controller does have some non-linear deadzone region around the VC voltage.
If your interest is sled motion only, and you don't need fine control of laser position, a coarse, digital stepper-like drive to SLED_in1 & SLED_in2 should be possible so that the sled motor can be driven in both directions:

These digital signals might be generated by a microcontroller or counter chip, but should be attenuated and a 1.4V DC offset added...these will be accepted as analog signals by the BD7907.
Comment: Powering the drive through molex, I find that the VC and Sled IN1 and Sled IN2 are all at 1.2V. How would I go about sending the signals you mentioned to step the motor? Could any of the other chips on the board of the CD-ROM allow me to control this?
Comment: @CameronK I don't think so...This is a complex servo system where the sled motor and tracking motor work in concert to position the laser. Are you using the laser, or are you only interested in moving the sled? I have edited this answer with an idea for coarse stepper drive of the sled.
Comment: Yes thank you! this is much more of what I intended to do and that definitely helps out! Thanks for the great response.


What do bats do if played ultra sound?

Question: If there are bats flying in the cave, and I play the same pitch they use to echolocate from a speaker, what would the bats do?
Comment: they shouldn't be able to orientate...
Answer: Depends completely on how good ultrasound you are producing.
Will they interpret your signal as an obstacle ?
Not really until you produce signals exactly calculated for the distance and speed of bat from obstacle. Here something known as dopler effect will come into play which will make bats understand probably thats not their sound. Otherwise every bat would have made a noise to divert another bat.
Is just making sound good for dislocating
Well, till this date we don't know what humans are speaking from their sound waves what you can guess for bat for what they did just speak. If you listen closely to bat sound you will find amplitude variation at non-constant duration.
Here is a detail of what else bats use . Its harmonics that takes sleep of physicists.
Comment: I don't understand the second section
Comment: its hard to explain in much detail the second point but just understand that bat get reflected voice from multiple incident points. Replicating such voice using single source generator won't be any effective. More simply, have you  ever been tricked by mobile sound as real human voice at some distance?

What do bats do if played ultra sound?


Asus DUAL RX580 O8G troubles with vbios

Question: Today I got a problem with my 2 cards and I don't know what to do. I have 2 Asus DUAL-RX580-O8G graphic cards. The first one mined ehtereum at 17-18 mh/s, second did it at 16-17 mh/s. I decided to flash bios of these two cards to get to 29 mh/s on both.
I used PolarisBiosEditor and AtiWinFlash. I've done back up of original vbios of only first card because I thought that if both cards were the same model then they should have same bios. Then I patched bios for the first card with bios downloaded from the internet which was already setted for Asus DUAL-RX580-O8G to go on 29 mh/s. But Claymore crashed with this bios so I decided to go back to restore back up I made before. And here thing went quite strange. After I restored old bios for the first card both cards started to mine at 3.5 mh/s. I thought that I did something wrong and decided to restore again. But nothing changed.
Then I thought that probably I made something wrong during back up so I decided to get bios of the second card. But I found out that second card had Hylix as a memory manufacturer and the first one had Samsung. Here I have understood that've done something very wrong. I've tried to mine separately on this cards but they still mined at 3.5 mh/s. I reinstalled driver but it didn't help.
Then I googled for original vbios for Asus DUAL-RX580-O8G and found one for Samsung memory manufacturer. I installed it on both cards (on the second with Hylix memory too) and then they started to mine at 18.5 mh/s each. But this driver is different from that I've back up before all this happend. It has different GPU and Power paramenters.
So can you help me to deal with these questions:
1. Is it OK that I installed bios for Samsung memory on the card that originally had Hylix memory?

Is it normal that two cards of the same model could have different memory manufacturers?
What does GPU table parameters mean? And why such small difference in this table affects so much card performance?
And also why original vbios I made gives such a small hashrate after being reinstalled?

This is the link to all 3 versions of bios I used.
Any help appriciated! Thanks!
Comment: Hi there. I think you might have more luck on https://www.reddit.com/r/EtherMining/.
Answer: So first of all, AMD cards need a setting to be switched in the AMD driver. If you go into the AMD Settings (Radeon Settings) program and click 'Gaming' then 'Global Settings' then change the GPU Workload from Gaming to Compute FOR EACH CARD. It will make you restart the program for each card.
See what results you get after that.
Then I would try changing the VBIOS and memory strap timings etc.

Asus DUAL RX580 O8G troubles with vbios


Brake pedal soft after changing pads

Question: I have a 2003 Ford Focus. I decided to change the brake pads myself, as they were worn out (especially on the left side). I replaced the pads on the left side and drove a little to test them out (1–2 km) and then came back home to replace the ones from the right side too. After doing so and going back out to test, I found that the brake pedal was very soft. The car still brakes fine, but I don't like how it feels. This happens with the engine running. When the engine is off, the pedal is hard after a few pushes. Any ideas?
Comment: The difference between engine on and off occurs due to the brake power assist that uses manifold vacuum. There is stored vacuum, and thus, few pushes are required to get rid of that vacuum. But, back to your question. Did you bleed the brake system?
Comment: I didn't. Should I? After i finished installing the brake pads i just pushed a few times the brake pedal with the master cylinder cap opened. Closed it and started the engine.
@Terry Gould, there might be a chance that the piston was pushed too far. I'm sure that i did not touch the bleed valve (i know where it is and it has a rubber cap on it anyway)
I don't think there's any leak, i don't see any and i didn't let the caliper just hanging (it was suported all the time)
Comment: I have the same issue (hardish pedal with engine off. Much softer pedal with engine on). Could you explain what causes that?
Answer: A number of things could have happened:

You let air into the system, either by  pushing the piston out too far or by un-doing the bleed nipple.
The system has developed a leak. You could have either damaged the seal when pushing the piston back in or by damaging a pipe by letting the caliber hang or by crimping it etc.
You could have put something back together wrong so when you push the pedal the caliber is actually moving away from the disc rather than pushing the pads into the disc. Ive seen it before when the wrong size bolts where in the sliders causing the caliber to move out / twist when the brakes were  applied.
Comment: What do you mean by pushing the piston out too far? Do you mean pushing the piston back into the caliper too far past the point where the piston is flush with the rubber mount?
Answer: There is an adjustment you can make by turning the. Rear caliper piston counter clockwise (Ford Edge) back to the desired position about a 1\16 of an inch before the pad . I had to fix the rear pads the clips were absent
rattling and such, on fords you can push them in too far, thats probably why the rear pistons have to be turned instead of pushed.
Comment: Welcome to Motor Vehicle Maintenance & Repair!

Brake pedal soft after changing pads


No one can hear me on my Galaxy Note 8 Edge! How do I fix?

Question: No one can hear me on my Samsung Galaxy Note 8 Edge when they call me or I call them.  I hear them clearly, but I have to race to turn the speaker on before they hang up.  How do I fix this problem when it seems my mic works fine when I use an app to record myself
Answer: Most apps use secondary source to capture audio when the primary source is down. The source switching is automatically done and, in a phone with good memory, might be seamless.
It is highly probable that your Mic (primary audio source) is down. When recording, the app might actually be switching over to secondary source for audio (which might be the loudspeaker). My advice is that you change the Mic of your phone.


Two Search Boxes or One or Something Else

Question: So I am developing a website which needs a search box in which you enter some activity like bowling, cycling etc. and to next of that there is another text box which has a location like New York City, USA or Brooklyn, NYC, USA etc. This will take me to listings that have such activities present. But I also need a way to search these particular listings. Suppose a listing is called ABC Bowling Alley, I want to be able to search that. Do I give something like search for activites on one end and search for listings on other end and separate them with an or, or do I do something else? Please suggest?
Comment: We have something very similar on http://www.vidados.com.  One of the things we are currently debating is that although it works pretty well people don't necessarily realise they can search for both an activity and location so we are considering splitting it into 2 boxes to make that more obvious...
Answer: I think Yelp does a good job with this situation:
Comment: What if I wanted to search something like Andy's Bowling Alley, where will I type that? foursquare does a similar job as your answer. I need something different, a usecase where a user searching for a title results in a title search and searching for an activity results in an activity with/without two different searches and something that is user friendly?
Comment: Couldn't that be handled with the results? The more specific results displayed first? So if I search for Andy's Bowling Alley, results that have "Andy's" in it would be prioritized over just the activity "bowling." I think that's the point Olavxxx is making. Otherwise you could use radio buttons next to the search box to specify if you want to search for a business name or activity. That pattern used to be common but has fallen out of use in favor of the one-search-box-to-rule-them-all approach.
Comment: One-search-box to rule them all approach is something I'll prefer. I agree with your approach that "Andy's" will gain priority over the bowling. What if there is a place which is called "The Bowling Alley", there is no "Andy's" that shall gain priority. I know I am thinking too hard, but I wanted a good solution to my problem. Radio buttons aren't my thing.
Answer: The most typical paradigm used for this case is basic/advanced search.
A basic search will simply search all relevant fields for the string. This is fast and easy for the user and should work most of the time.  But it has some limitations: if you search for "bowling" it will return you bowling alleys, but also Bowling Green, Kentucky.
An advanced search allows a user to specify values/search strings for specific fields.  There are various ways to implement this.

Filtering is the most common on modern websites.  There might be an expanding tree that allows you to find the activities you are interested in, and there might be an option to return results within X miles of a particular location.  In addition, there is a single search box that performs a basic keyword search.  It should ignore any categories that are used for filtering.
Or you can allow the user to specify a different search string for different fields. This is not as easy to use as filtering, but it can work better if the fields contain a wide variety of data that you aren't able to fully categorize.  For example, filtering on activity requires your site to have knowledge of and keep track of all activities, while this does not.  This can be implemented either with:

Multiple text fields.  This is the clearest for occasional users.
A syntax within a single search box. For example, in GMail I can type from:firstname.lastname@example.com to find all messages from a particular address.  This is more convenient for power users, but it won't be understandable to occasional or less technically skilled users.  It needs very good documentation, or to be offered as an option in addition to multiple text fields.
Answer: Having worked on a search engine before there are some things you should consider:

Some company names have a location name in theire company name (like "New York Bowling Centre".)
Some companies reside in a different region than the location name in theire company name (historic name, or maybe they open up a new branch). Example: Michelin
Weighted search will give you an index to sort by, but you have to differentiate location from company name, if you wish to show the branch closest to the user
You need to tie your companies with locations for a "smart" search

Having thought about theese issues you can make a "quite smart" search engine, you will need only one input for search. How you do this, is to build a self improving search engine. You tie locations (lat, lng) to your companies (geolocation), also you look for patters in the searches.
If the search contains a location name, you should check if that location name resides in the end of the search string like: Mechanic New York.
If it does, you most certain know that the user wants a Mechanic in New York.
However if the users searches for: New York Mechanic, he/she most likely wants a certain company called "New York Mechanic". There are many patterns like this, this is just a simple example.
But in the first example: " ", you will need both weighted search against indexes, as well as sorted by location (distance from the user). In this way they can find a local carpenter or they can find a certain carpenter :-)
It is quite hard to get this tuned in the way you want, you will need several indexes, different weighting, etc. But it's doable, even as a solo programmer.
Answer: You can implement a keyword conditions search:

It is a filter system that allows you to search for keywords that will set the rules for the search results. There is no need to create numerous search fields, it does the same function, rather set up the conditions. Better from UX point of view, as it less likely to confuse the user.
Comment: Since there are only two filters this choice does not seem fitting. I was looking answers like yours, but something that would be better for my situation.
Comment: then i would do a search and maybe a location dropdown next to it...my apologies i misunderstood when you said search "particular listings" i assumed it was a criteria vs. actual location
Comment: It is criteria vs actual location but there is only one criteria. That is my question.


Why do recipes have the instruction to fry in olive oil?

Question: Can someone please tell me, why do cooking instructions have you frying in olive oil? That doesn't make any sense as olive oil has a very low smoking point.
Comment: What's the recipe?
Comment: I deleted the second question as it was unrelated to the first. If you still wish to ask it as a question we ask that you make it a separate question. Only one question per um question please. As to your first question, can you give any specific examples? Were the instructions explicit as to the temperature the oil should be at for frying?
Comment: Do they refer to deep frying or fairly gentle shallow frying? Do they specify the type of olive oil? Refined has a higher smoke point
Comment: I'm voting to close at the moment because the question is unclear, and will lead to speculation. It's also too broad, there's many reasons a recipe may call for olive oil, not all of them right, unless the recipe is posted there's no way to focus an answer.
Answer: I would suggest three reasons:

The smoke point of olive oil, while lower than many oils, is higher than most items you would deep fry (375 - 490 F or 190 - 255C, depending on the olive oil).
Tradition - if it is the oil that is most plentiful, it is the oil that is used.
Flavor - olive oil imparts a distinct flavor (as other oils do).
Answer: I would make a distinction between frying, in all its variants, and sweating. A lot of recipes do not.
If you're sweating, say, a mirepoix, then there is enough energy going into boiling and evaporating the water in the vegetables. The temperature doesn't reach the smoke-point of an olive oil until the water has gone and browning begins, at which point, you start frying. Sweating in olive oil does yield a different base flavor, from other fats.
But even then, I wouldn't use a high-quality, cold-pressed Extra Virgin olive oil for sweating, either. Not because it would reach its smoke-point, but because all the lighter, more volatile fragrances on which its quality depends would be driven off, leaving it 'flat'. Those oils are best appreciated raw.
Answer: There are people who are very bothered by eating oil that has been taken to the smoke point. There are those to whom it doesn't matter at all. And there are those who don't even know that this happens.
The first group tries to sell their preference as having universal validity. But in reality, there is no law saying that oil should never be taken to its smoke point. The recipes you have found are written and enjoyed by the second and third group of people.
Answer: There are two reasons that come to mind. First, as Chris said, very refined olive oils have a higher smoke point than say extra virgin olive oil and can be used to sweat onions and similar things.
Since you don't specify which recipe, it's also relevant to point out that many recipes are not that good. There is no qualification needed to post recipes on a blog or videos on Instagram or Pintrest. Whoever wrote the recipe might simply not know any better. After all, many popular recipe blogs are run by enthusiastic home cooks, not professional chefs.  With the way social media works, styling mediocre food and taking good pictures of it is rewarded more than a good but not photogenic recipe.


How to properly anchor wooden porch columns to concrete pad?

Question: I have a country style front porch that has non structural wooden columns that are anchored to the overhang and hang to the floor, a concrete pad.  To stop the columns from moving around the builders wedged a shaved 2x4 between the column and the concrete.  A railing is strung on the columns.  Depending on the temperature decides how sturdy the columns are held in place and if anyone puts any weight on the railing a column will swing around.  How can I fix this?
Comment: When I fixed my 4x4 posts (covered with vinyl covering), I used a bottle jack on a piece of 4x4 to lift the roof section about a 1/2" or so, then placed the support underneath, then let the jack out to have a little bit of down pressure on the 4x4 and post base. This helped keep the posts in place for the last 8 years without issues. I guess that settling had finished as well, so there you go :D
Answer: A post base. There are several styles, this is one.
Comment: Some people also refer to these as "stand-offs."


What happens if I force quit a bitcoin wallet application before it finishes synchronizing?

Question: I ask because upon initial install, this program (newest version) is PAINFULLY slow, and slowing down my system extremely, toward the end of the 6k block mark. I'm wondering if you force quit the application before it is completed, it will start all over again, or do something else.
Answer: The QT client at least should gracefully resume from where it left off.
I have done this many times with no issue (running a reasonably recent copy of the client in Windows 7).
I'm not sure whether the MultiBit or Armory clients work the same way though; can anyone vouch for them?
Comment: For MultiBit you should not need to force quit it in normal operation.  Saying that I have had to force quit it a few times and next time it started it just carried on syncing from when it left off. In the next version (0.4.11) I have added code to do a rolling backup of the wallet and better recovery if the blockchain gets corrupted. These are to cater for if the power goes suddenly but I imagine would also help with a force quit.
Answer: The client will continue downloading blocks from the last successfully downloaded block.
As far as database integrity when this happens -- BDB has crash recovery that generally works without any user intervention but doesn't accommodate a number of scenarios, so maintaining backups are highly recommended.
Here's more about BDB's recovery method:

http://help.bdbxml.net/html/ed539869-eebd-478f-97de-7e5377e87f66.htm


Singing in keys?

Question: In conversation with a singing teacher, she stated that singers generally prefer to sing in flat keys, as it's easier, agreeing with her own teacher's views. No particular reason was given, but I'm totally sceptical. Is there any substance to this?
Comment: Well, it's obviously easier to sing in a flat key rather than a sharp key, because the high notes aren't so high! (And that's about as logical as most of the advice you will get from singing teachers, in my experience - the good ones know more about psychology than logic, and the bad ones don't know much about anything.)
Comment: Unless you were reading the dots *and* have perfect pitch, how would you even know? I'm pretty sure I've never said, 'oh no, really don't do that in G# do it in A♭'
Comment: @Tetsujin - my thoughts too. I'm just as happy doing a song in A or Ab - or G for that matter, as long as the range of the song and mine are fitting together.
Comment: What it really comes down to is does your teacher ever read music in keys with sharps? Trained singers know how to sing a given interval, if you sight reading a piece and constantly have to think about what the interval is because you don't understand how keys work, I can see why it could be considered "harder", but in reality every note has an enharmonic equivalent, so Ab is no harder to sing than G# because they are the same note
Comment: I've cleaned up some comments here.  The premise of a question is not a reason to put a question on hold.
Comment: @SaggingRufus - certainly not my teacher! Sight singing a piece is going to be equally easy/hard whether there are # or b, I think. One usually thinks in keys, so the intervals should come naturally, no pun intended.
Answer: Well, everybody has a unique voice range, color, etc. Some people believes certain keys is suited them well. For example, I often transpose songs to a different key, although they are perfectly in my range and very comfortable to sing. I try to listen to my sound and decide by ear which is best.
In addition, there is a theoretical debate since the dawn of common period that every key has a different feeling; and flat keys and sharp ones have very different sonorities. I don't completely agree or disagree with that opinion. Since it has some good basis, it is a good assumption your teacher loves the sound of flat keys.
An ideal musician should be able to play in all keys, practice 28 hours a day and feed himself only with music. They don't exist. All players prefer certain keys, say more than four flats to a pianist or guitarist you will get angry looks. Brass players often hate sharps, etc etc.
TL, DR: A historical debatea utopia and a well personal choice, basically art.
Comment: From her comments - would *all* singers prefer flat keys? I prefer the key my voice sounds best in, as you obviously do. Sharp or flat. Not my teacher!! Only 28 hrs?? Some guitarists will ask 'what's flat?' Only jesting.
Answer: I can see where your skepticism is coming from -- a key is just a key and can be in any range. However, I can think of two possible explanations for why the teacher may be more comfortable in flat keys:

She learned the flat keys first. When I started my jazz studies, I did a lot work with the circle of 4ths. With this method, I spent a lot of time on the flat keys working on the particular exercise I was learning (F, Bb, Eb, etc) before I got around the cycle to the sharp keys (E, A, G, etc.). the teacher may have done something similar (not necessarily jazz) where she worked mostly with the flat keys first.
Sometimes people just feel that something is better than the other. She may like to sing in flat keys because, when she does, she knows that she is singing and a flat key and perhaps she just likes that. This may also be related to Synesthesia; the teacher may get certain feelings from singing in flat keys because she has some sort of synesthetic reaction to something about them.

I agree that there's not much substance to it, but keep in mind that it could just be sheer habit. Especially since her teacher used to tell her the same thing she's saying now, she probably just clung onto whatever he said (which can be both good and bad).
Comment: There's a lot of sense in your answer, although *singing* in certain keys is rather different from *playing* on a musical instrument in them. Although, it could be from the reading aspect. +1

Singing in keys?


Adding another "Add Post" button to admin

Question: I would like another "Add post" button in the admin except I am going to call it "Add voucher". It will run specific plugins that add post will not. However that is irrelivant, all I need to know it how to add another add post button with the same features.
Answer: Unfortunately this isn't possible (without a slight hack)- since there are no hooks provided (see for example the edit.php page).
A quick and easy hack is to use JavaScript to add the link after the usual 'Add New' link. Here I've used the admin_print_footer_scripts hook (on 'post', or 'edit-post' screens) to print the JavaScript. Note that you must alter this to work for other post types.
add_action('admin_print_footer_scripts','wpse57033_add_new_voucher_link');
function wpse57033_add_new_voucher_link(){
    $screen = get_current_screen();
    if( $screen->id == 'edit-post' || $screen->id == 'post' ){
        ?>

        <?php
    }
}

Comment: @RuturaajPatki asked why some people check `$variable == 'value'` and others `'value'== $variable`. I've been lazy in this answer, but the latter is **best practise** ([see this for an explanation](http://codex.wordpress.org/WordPress_Coding_Standards#Yoda_Conditions)). Otherwise they are the same.
Comment: `$screen` is an object, when making comparisons, it can help to force `(string)` type in the evaluation.

Example Code:
`if( ( (string)$screen->id == 'user-edit' || (string)$screen->id == 'users' ) && ( current_user_can('editor') || current_user_can('administrator') ) ){ // do stuff }
`

Screen Type Reference:
https://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API/Admin_Screen_Reference


Remove a persistent background photo in slide show sent to me for editing

Question: I've been sent a slide show to edit but I can't remove the background photo from Slide 1 and it doesn't show up in slide masters either. If I deselect slide backgrounds in the format background tab, then all the slides show the photo. Sort of backwards.
Answer: If it doesn't show up in slide masters, the photo might just be on Slide 1.
Can you select it?  If so, does it just persist when you try to delete it?
Have you tried the Selection (and Visibility) Pane?  (Home tab -> Editing group -> Select -> Selection Pane…)

By clicking on the names (e.g., "Rectangle 4") you can select the objects.  If you were having trouble selecting the photo, this should let you get at it.  If you still can't delete it, but you can find it in the Selection Pane object list, click the Visibility checkbox to the right of the object's name:

That will make it disappear (i.e., that will hide the object).
Answer: I admit this is a kludgy work-around, but can you create a new title slide (with the same Layout as your current Slide 1), copy everything (that you want) from Slide 1, and then delete it?


Seurat DE t.test

Question: I am new to the Seurat package and was looking at the tutorials on the Seurat website and am just curious to know if there is any way to perform a t.test for the expression of a specific gene between two groups within the Seurat package, even possibly showing these results with box plots? Or any way to extract this information from the Seurat object in order to do this using ggplot or anything of that sort? I don't have any specific examples as I've just been going through the Seurat tutorials trying to understand everything, but if anyone has any sort of advice on the topic I would greatly appreciate it!
Answer: Most of your questions are part of the Vignettes on the Seurat home page.
In the differential expression Vignette you can see that you can run Student's t-tests in the FindMarkers wrapper function.
However, simple t-tests may not be the best option for single cell data. There are many algorithms for DE testing with some being directly accessible through FindMarkers. The alogrithm implemented in MAST is recommended frequently.
Regarding the box plots you should have a look at the violin plot function of Seurat:
VlnPlot(SeuratData, c("gene_of_interest"), group.by = "groups_compared_in_DE_test")

Seurat DE t.test


What does the word 'evil' mean in In Isaiah 45.7

Question: Isaiah 45:7 (KJ21)
7 I form the light, and create darkness; I make peace, and create evil; I, the Lord, do all these things.
Other versions tend to use words such as 'Calamity'.?
Answer: The word translated "evil" or "calamity" in Is 45:7, can (not surprisingly) mean either "evil" or "calamity".  HALOT's main definitions: Of little worth, poor, not beneficial, contemptible, reprobate, malicious, injurious, evil, sinister, bringing misfortune, badly depised, ill-deposed, heavy, sullen. For "destruction", see Ez 14:21; for "evil" see Deut 17:5.  Context must determine its precise meaning:

Is 45:3-8  'I will go before you
  And make the crooked places straight;
  I will break in pieces the gates of bronze
  And cut the bars of iron.
  I will give you the treasures of darkness
  And hidden riches of secret places,
  That you may know that I, the Lord,
  Who call you by your name,
  Am the God of Israel.
  For Jacob My servant's sake,
  And Israel My elect,
  I have even called you by your name;
  I have named you, though you have not known Me.
   I am the Lord, and there is no other;
  There is no God besides Me.
  I will gird you, though you have not known Me,
   That they may know from the rising of the sun to its setting
  That there is none besides Me.
  I am the Lord, and there is no other;
   I form the light and create darkness,
  I make peace and create calamity;
  I, the Lord, do all these things.'
   "Rain down, you heavens, from above,
  And let the skies pour down righteousness;
  Let the earth open, let them bring forth salvation,
  And let righteousness spring up together.
  I, the Lord, have created it.

The verses before v7 show that God can create calamity.  The verse after v8 emphasizes his righteousness.  Thus, since the context emphasizes that God can cause calamity, and denies that God creates evil (in the moral sense), the correct translation is certainly "calamity" and not "evil".
Answer: So, רע is parallel to darkness and in opposition to peace. Both of the meanings you cite are within the range of the word. 'Evil' is closer to a plain sense, but, based on context, many kinds of badness are read. The 'calamity' notion might come from two ideas:

The opposite of peace is not evil, but rather civil disorder or disaster.
Some people are not very comfortable, theologically, with the idea that G-d intentionally created Evil.

That word occupies about 6 columns of HALOT; it's not quite like reading the OED entry for 'dog', but it's up there. In other words, it is used a great deal across the whole range of the text, in many different contents. The result is that any translator can choose from a wide variety of nuances based on her or his intentions and options. I didn't spot a citation to this particular verse in any of the definitions on HALOT, but I don't have the luxury of a computerized copy with a search option.
Comment: HALOT = Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, and OED is the Oxford English Dictionary.
Comment: What is halot and OED..?
Comment: Yes I agree! Evil as calamity or as a judgement. What man @ sees as Evil...the destruction of his home for example, God sees as righteous judgement for sin. Why would God position Himself on the side of the punished persons, speaking as if seeing from the punished persons point of View? It gets deeper..?
Answer: I think it is absolutely wrong to translate רע as "calamity."  From the context, and the context of similar verses, Isaiah is clearly stating that God is the Creator of ALL things, both good and evil, but it is more specifically a statement to Cyrus that God will cause darkness and evil upon the Babylonians who Cyrus will defeat.
The chapter begins "...כֹֹׁה אָמַר יהוה לִמְׁשִיחוֹ לְכוֹרֶשׁ"ׁ("So said the Lord to His anointed one, to Cyrus...") "...לְרֵד לְפָנָיו גוֹיִם..." ("...to flatten the nations before him...").  God then promises Cyrus that He will go before him to make the war easier, and Cyrus, moreover, will be rewarded with riches stashed by the enemies in hidded places that God will help him find.  And God tells Cyrus that he is to fight this war for the benefit of Israel "my chosen one", which indicates that Cyrus is to destroy the Babylonians who had exiled the Jewish people.  See Rashi to v. 4.
But then God goes on in verses 5-7 to explain that He is Hashem [the Holy Name], "and there is no other; besides Me there is no God".
In verse 7 -- the focus of the question -- continuing the thought from verse 6, God says He is the Lord God, there being no other god, "יוֹצֵר אוֹר" "who makes light" (Rashi says, "for the righteous"), "וּבוֹרֵא חֹשֶׁךְ"  "and who creates darkness" (Rashi: for the Babylonians); "עֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם" "who makes peace," "וּבוֹרֵא רָע" "and creates evil" (Rashi: for the Babylonians).  As noted in the parantheticals, Rashi clearly indicates from context that God fully intends to bring darkness and evil on the Babylonians to help Cyrus help the Israelites.
But if we compare the use of the word רע where God is talking about good and evil, as He is in Isaiah 45:7, we find that רע must mean "evil."
At Deut. 30:11-20, Moses summarizes the basic expectations God has for the Jewish people. He explains that the totality of the commandments, all of which were being retaught on that day, "are not too difficult for you" and require, basically that each Jew attempt to love God, "walk in His ways," keep his "commandments, statutes and ordinances," and thereby live.  The alternative is "death" although according to rabbinic tradition, "death" here means denial of eternal life after death.  So Moses expalins God's message:  "See, I have set before thee this day life and good and death and evil ("רְאֵה נָתַתִי לְפָנֶיךָ הַיוֹם אֶת הַחַיִים ואֶת הַטוֹב וְאֶת הַמָוֶת וְאֶת הָרָע"), and at verse 19 we are advised that of these choices, we should choose "life."
Rashi explains, at verse 15, that God put good and evil in the World because they are interdependent:  "if you do good, you will be granted life, while if you do evil, you will receive death."  And, by saying "you shall choose life," Rashi explains that God is "saying that 'even though you have free choice, nevertheless, I instruct you to choose the portion of life.' It is like a man who says to his son, 'Choose for yourself a fine portion of my estate,' and then directs him to the best portion, saying to him, 'This is the portion which you should choose for yourself!' And regarding this, the verse says 'The Lord is my alloted portion and my cup; You guide my destiny' (Psalm 16:5)." Or in other words, "You laid my hand upon the good lot saying, 'Take this for yourself.'"
Those who would say that רע refers to "calamity" are reluctant to say "evil" because they do not associate God with doing evil. But the fact is, many things in this world are evil depending upon one's perspective. What is good for the butcher is evil to the cow.  As Rabbi Benjamin Blech notes in his book, "If God is Good, Why Is The World So Bad?" (Simcha Press, 2003), the greatest good, from God's point of view, is that His children should make correct choices with their gift of free will, and to achieve that good, God had to introduce evil.
Comment: I just added yet another book to my reading list ;) - great answer, +1
Answer: What does the word 'evil' mean in In Isaiah 45.7
Isaiah 45:7  (NASB)

7 "The One forming light and creating darkness, Causing [a]well-being
and creating calamity; I am the Lord who does all these."

Everything in creation from light to darkness and everything in history from peace to calamity  is subject to the control of  God, "the Creator." Just as he creates the light of day and the darkness of night, so he will make peace for Israel and calamity for Babylon.
Peace for Israel, calamity or evil for Babylon.
About two hundred years after  Isaiah recorded his prophecy,(Isaiah 45:1-3) Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Persian Empire conquered Babylon, and allowed the Israelites captives there,  in total 42.360  to return to Jerusalem. (Nehemiah 7:7-45, 61-66) Thus God makes peace for Israel and calamity for Babylon.  God  who has the power to create the universe,  also has the power to fulfill his prophecies, "I am the Lord who does all these", Isaiah wrote:
Isaiah 45:1-3  (NASB)

45 "Thus says the Lord to Cyrus His anointed, Whom I have taken by the
right hand, To subdue nations before him And [a]to loose the loins of
kings; To open doors before him so that gates will not be shut: 2 "I
will go before you and make the [b]rough places smooth; I will shatter
the doors of bronze and cut through their iron bars. 3 "I will give
you the [c]treasures of darkness  And hidden wealth of secret places,
So that you may know that it is I, The Lord, the God of Israel, who
calls you by your name."

Conclusion.
Calamity or Evil.
When the time arrived, God acted to end violence and injustice on the part of the Jews. The land was conquered and many of the people were taken captive. Later, God had an accounting with Babylon. As God foretold through his prophets, the Medes and the Persians under Cyrus defeated the seemingly all-powerful Babylonian Empire.
God is referred to as the Creator of evil or calamity. (Isa 45:7; compare KJ.) His enforcing of the penalty for sin, namely, death, has proved to be an evil or a calamity, for mankind. So, then, evil is not always synonymous with wrongdoing. Examples of evils or calamities created by  God are the Flood of Noah's day and the Ten Plagues visited upon Egypt. But these evils were not wrongs. Rather, the rightful administration of justice against wrongdoers was involved in both cases.
God does not close his eyes to wickedness. He is aware of it and he does care. (Compare Genesis 18:20, 21; 19:13.) That being so, why has God allowed wickedness to continue until now? To understand the Bible's logical explanation, we need to go back to when human troubles began.
Answer: רָע means "evil".  The same as it does everywhere else in Hebrew Scriptures:  adversity, bad, disagreeable, malignant, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery, displeasing.  (Brown-Driver-Briggs)  http://biblehub.com/hebrew/7451.htm
Why would you think it would be different here than anywhere else?
Comment: Welcome to Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange, thanks for contributing! Be sure to take our [site tour](http://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/tour) to learn more about us. [We're a little different from other sites.](http://meta.hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/a/803/423)
Comment: This answer doesn't really make sense - you assert it means "evil", then you list nine other translations, ignoring the traditional 'calamity', without really explaining yourself. I think this could be expanded into a good answer, dealing with a bit more of the background and history of the word's translation. As it stands, it doesn't really show any research effort besides consulting one biblehub page, and for that reason it's got my (-1).


Do Benders cuts exclude current solutions?

Question: I am wondering if optimality cuts in Benders algorithm exclude the possibility to have the same solutions and as a result, have the same optimality cut? I don't know why it is not possible to have the same cuts in different iterations of Benders decomposition algorithm.
Answer: It depends on whether you consider the master variable $\eta$ to be part of the solution.  You can get the same master $x$ with a different $\eta$ after adding an optimality cut, but then the Benders decomposition algorithm would terminate because the solution is optimal to the original problem.
Comment: So, you mean that we may have the same variables (complicated variables) and optimality cut if we have reached the optimal solution?
So, why the optimality cut excludes the current complicated cut if the optimal solution is not reached?
Comment: Yes, the following can happen in a minimization problem.  Solve master problem, yielding solution $(\eta^1, x^1)$.  Solve subproblem with fixed $x=x^1$, revealing that the master has underestimated the true objective value, which is $\eta^2 > \eta^1$ for that $x^1$.  Add optimality cut to master, and solve again, yielding $(\eta^2, x^1)$.  Solving the subproblem would not yield an optimality cut, and you are done.
Answer: If I understand the question correctly, it is not possible to have the same optimality cut generated twice because (a) cuts are cumulative and (b) an optimality cut is only generated when an allegedly integer-feasible solution would violate the generated cut. So if you get solution 1, use it to generate cut 1 (which is added to the master), then get solution 2 which is feasible in the current master, solution 2 must satisfy cut 1. It may still incorrectly estimate the objective contribution of the subproblem, leading to another optimality cut (call it cut 2), but that cut will be different from cut 1 because solution 2 will satisfy cut 1 but violate cut 2.
If you are adding cuts on the fly via callback (rather than solving the master all the way, adding a cut, then solving the master again), and if you are using multiple threads, it might be possible for two different threads to trigger generation of the same cut before the cut makes it into the master (and is propagated to the various child processes). That would be fairly rare. Also, and again referring to the "one tree" approach, some solvers will let you allow cuts to expire. (CPLEX, for instance, refers to such cuts as "purgeable".) If you add optimality cuts that can and in some cases do expire, you run the risk to see them generated anew. Again, this would be pretty rare.
Comment: Thank you so much
Comment: Dear @prubin. Could you please let me know why the current combination of master and dual variables violate the new generate optimality cut? Is it possible that the new cut be redundant and former cuts are stronger? Intuitively, I think it is acceptable to me but theoretically, I am confused to prove it. Thanks
Comment: The current master variables violate the new optimality cut because there would be no optimality cut if they did not. Let $(\hat{x}, \hat{z})$ be the current master solution, where $z$ is the surrogate for the subproblem objective value, and assume you are minimizing. You solve the subproblem with $x=\hat{x}$ and get optimal subproblem value $z*$. If $\hat{z}\ge z*$, there is no new optimality cut. If $\hat{z} < z*$, the new optimality cut $z\ge f(x)$ is generated so that $f(\hat{x})=z^*$, which means $(\hat{x}, \hat{z})$ violates it.


Friction shifting 9 speeds using an 11 speed rear derailleur

Question: I am interested in running a 1 x 9 drivetrain using an 11-speed Shimano 105 R7000 rear derailleur. If I'm friction shifting 9 speeds, will using an 11-speed derailleur cause issues? Or is it as simple as setting the limit screws to the proper positions. Would I need to use an 11-speed chain because of the derailleur?
Comment: Any derailleur will work with a friction shifter. The inner width for 9-11-speed chains is 2.18mm. The side plates get thinner. (from here https://bike.bikegremlin.com/3555/bicycle-drive-chain-dimension-standards/)
Comment: Basically, the only way to know is to try it.
Comment: I'd be more worried about the chain not fitting properly.  A chain catching on a derailleur is usually a disaster.
Answer: It won't necessarily just work, and there is a way of predicting whether it will with good accuracy, barring a borderline case.
If it's a Shimano 7, 8, 9, or 10 shifter in friction mode, it probably won't work.
Friction shifters have some variance in their total cable pull between models. It's easy to measure by marking the cable and using a ruler or caliper to note the total movement of the mark.
Take that total cable pull number and multiply it by the actuation ratio of the rear derailleur. For Shimano road 11, it's basically 1.4. That number has to be equal to or greater than the total cog-to-cog distance of the cassette, which for Shimano 9 is about 34.8mm. If it's less, the rear derailleur won't have enough total movement.
The reason there can be borderline cases is because rear derailleur movement for a given input is actually a curve, not a perfect ratio, and the exact start to finish value is going to depend on the high limit setting. But it's pretty close to just being a ratio.
A 7/8/9/10 Shimano shifter in friction mode has a little bit of movement beyond where its last detent position would have been, but not very much. Since these generations are designed to pair with a 1.7 actuation ratio rear derailleur, that small bit of movement is not likely to be enough to compensate for the fairly large difference in actuation ratio.
I don't have any experience putting 9-speed chains in 11-speed derailleurs. Sometimes that direction of mismatch can cause rub between the derailleur inner cage and the chain. 9 speed chains don't tend to experience this in 10 speed derailleurs and 11 speed chains are only something like 0.2mm narrower than 10, so 0.1mm per side. It will probably be fine to run 9 but you could do 10 or 11 to be safe. The shifting may be laggier but it's unlikely to matter with friction.
Answer: Nathan is right - the most important thing is that your shifter has enough cable pull to get the derailleur across the cassette. A Shimano 11s derailleur has a 1.4 pull ratio, so to move it 34.8mm you need ~25mm of pull. It should be more pleasant to use with a lower ratio derailleur as the cogs will feel further apart and be easier to trim.
It's worth noting that the sprocket pitches listed are averages - the smaller cogs will feel closer together and the bigger ones further apart as the derailleur doesn't move in a straight line.
Running an 11s chain with a 9s cassette will suck. The outside width of the chain is narrower and it will fall between shifts. Maybe talk to your LBS about running a 9s chain through an 11s derailleur, but I imagine it'll be fine.
FYI my setup is 9s downtube friction shifting with 9s derailleur, but I'm looking at moving to 11s. Trimming is tricky as the cogs are so close together but you get used to it.
Comment: Can you run a 8 speed chain inside the 11 speed derailleur?
Answer: I don't thin there will be any problems being able to shift an 11 speed derailleur with a friction shifter.
You need to run a 9 speed chain on a 9 speed cassette. There might be a problem with the wider 9 speed chain fitting in the R7000 derailleur cage.
The only anther problem I see is that you'd be wasting money if you buy an R7000 derailleur specifically for this purpose.


Chat history lost after porting WhatsApp number to another network

Question: I recently ported my WhatsApp number to another network. When porting was completed I put a new SIM in my phone. And then my WhatsApp stopped working, it said you have to update WhatsApp but I checked there is no update available. So I uninstalled it and then again reinstalled it. Now all my chats are removed, they didn't even come back from the backup. What should I do? Also, my ported SIM is not activated too, will this have an effect?
Answer:
The backup of whatsapp in Windows devices stay local , i.e; they get saved in sd card or in internal memory unlike Apple and Android devices, where backups go to cloud(idrive n Google drive respectively).
Before uninstalling the whatsapp, you must check for backup(whatsapp automatically backs up the messages from time to time), then next time while reinstallig the app, it will ask if u want to restore the messages.
and because you didn't do that, am sorry, your messages are gone.
or you could just reinstall again and you can restore previous messages that were available before installing whatsapp. Check if you have Whatsapp\WinPhoneBackup folder in sd card.
Comment: Glad that you agree with my point. I would be happy if you edit your answer accordingly. Your answer still says *you should create a backup* which is not required as per your comment.
Comment: I respectfully disagree with the second point. Whatsapp does create automatic backups everyday. So saying a *user should have created backup while uninstalling* is not necessary. Please consider to edit it.(Any edit that disagree with the author should not made by others, so I am commenting this while I edited other typos)
Comment: it does create automatic backups , just go to settings and see for yourself when was your messages backed up, probably 3-5 hrs ago!


Stuttery camera with mouse movement

Question: I'm implementing a framerate independent FPS camera and I'm having a problem with jerky camera. The camera is smooth if I translate it or if I make it rotate at a fixed rate, but as soon as I start to move it with the mouse, it starts stuttering.
This is the part of the code in the main loop that keeps track of the time and calculates the rotation around the y axis:
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::time_point newTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
uint32_t frameTime = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(newTime - oldTime).count());

oldTime = newTime;

double mouseXInput;
double mouseYInput;

glfwGetCursorPos(window, &mouseXInput, &mouseYInput);
glfwSetCursorPos(window, 0, 0);

float mouseX = static_cast<float>(mouseXInput);
float mouseY = static_cast<float>(mouseYInput);

float rotateSpeedModifier = 0.0000005f;

// Fixed rotation rate
camera.rotation.x += frameTime * 0.0000006f;

// or mouse controled rotation rate (pick just one of the two lines)
camera.rotation.x += frameTime * rotateSpeedModifier * mouseX);

// Overflow and underflow control
if (camera.rotation.x > 2.0f * PI) {
    camera.rotation.x -= 2.0f * PI;
} else if (camera.rotation.x < 0.0f) {
    camera.rotation.x += 2.0f * PI;
}

Note that I disabled the cursor and enabled raw mouse motion at the start of the program (it is supported).
I also centered it:
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_RAW_MOUSE_MOTION, GLFW_TRUE);
glfwSetCursorPos(window, 0, 0);

Since the stuttering only appears when I'm moving the mouse, I'm guessing it's some kind of precision problem. Variable frameTime is anywhere between 400 and 5000. I think using milliseconds doesn't give enough precision. Variables mouseX and mouseY are usually within [-10, 10] if I'm not too aggressive with the mouse, and they are always a whole number which is odd to me. I don't think casting it to float is the problem then either.
What can I do here to improve mouse tracking precision? Is that even what the problem is? How do I fix this?
Answer: Rotation should not depend on frame time at all, but only on the mouse delta. If I take out the frame time out of equation, it works as expected.

Stuttery camera with mouse movement


Can a batsman be stumped by anyone other than a wicket keeper?

Question: Does it become a run out if other fielders do it, or is it still a stumping if the batsman gets down the pitch and for some reason the keeper doesn't collect it but let's say the slip fielder collects and breaks the stump?
Answer: No, a batsman can only be out Stumped when the wicket is broken by the wicket-keeper, according to Law 39 (Stumped)

The striker is out Stumped...when his wicket is fairly put down by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder.

If the slip fielder breaks the wicket with the batsman out of his ground, it is a Run out, as defined in Law 38 (Run Out)

Either batsman is out Run out if he is out of his ground and his
  wicket is fairly put down by the action of a fielder.
Answer: The word stumping is only used when the wicket keeper breaks the wicket right after a bowler delivers the ball. When anyone else other than wicket keeper does the same in a similar situation, it is called run out even though the effect for batsman is same


I want to name a character something but j feel like people would say I'm copying Veronica Roth, my favorite author. What should I do?

Question: I have a problem.
I want to name a character (the main character's romantic interest) Tobias, but I feel like people would associate him with Tobias Eaton from Divergent, knowing how much I love that series.
Even before Divergent came out, I adored that name, along with Miles and Christopher.
I don't want to use the other two, because they don't fit the character.
I'm so confused on what to do...
Comment: I have always associated "Tobias" with the character from Animorphs - also YA fiction, but from a different generation. That's at least enough as an example to easily show that it's not a name unique to Divergent.
Comment: From a quick web search: Tobias MacIvey, "A Land Remembered"; Tobias Ziegler, "West Wing"; Tobias Beecher, "Oz"
Answer: If your book is dissimilar enough from Roth's that it does not remind readers of her series, there is no problem if you use the same name. Her's wasn't the first time that name has been used in fiction, either.
If on the other hand you are writing a Young Adult dystopia where teens have to undergo life or death trials and fight the rulers, you might want to make the name as dissimilar as possible so as not to appear as too much of a rip off.
Finally, I wouldn't worry about the name too much, you can always change it after you finished the manuscript. In fact publishers sometimes ask for a name change. So just use whatever name you like during writing and then approach that question after you have received alpha reader feedback.
Answer: Ditto What: I have never read anything by Veronica Roth, but if you're writing a story that is similar to her books, AND the characters have the same names, then yes, that looks like you're copying. If the story is nothing at all the same, if her books are "young adult dystopia" (as What indicates) and yours are historical romances for senior citizens, the fact that a character has the same first name would probably not even be noticed. I'm sure there are lots of books with characters named "John" or "Sally". :-) At least, as long as the name isn't made up or extremely rare. If you wrote a book with a character named "Darth Vader" or "Dumbledore", people would notice. But "Tobias" is a real name that real people have.
That said, you talk as if the only possible names for your character are Tobias, Miles, and Christopher. There are thousands, maybe millions, of names out there. Get a baby name book, or look up a list of common names on the web. If you think there's even a small chance that this name will cause you trouble, there are plenty of other possibilities.
Answer: I think of Tobias from Arrested Development.   I think enough people have a variety of Tobias examples that it may not immediately link to the other guy.
If that is a worry, think about what part of the name you like -- is it the rhythm, links to what the name historically means, the strong 2nd syllable, starting with the "T" or the "Oh" early on? That it's a biblical name?  Playing with Naming Dictionaries may help you come up with some alternatives that match some of those characteristics.
(history of Tobias from Oxford Reference)
https://www.name-generator.org.uk/?i=4la7sww
(100 TO+ starts) (100 +AS ends)


What was destroyed in Galatians 2:18?

Question: In Galatians 2:18, Paul writes, "If I rebuild what I destroyed, I prove that I am a lawbreaker." What is he referring to when he mentions rebuilding what was destroyed and how does that answer the objection that is raised in verse 17?
Answer: To understand what Paul is saying here in Galatians 2:17-18 it is helpful to read the context starting from Galatians 2:3-14.
However, to cut to the chase - Paul "destroyed" or "tore down" the idea that a person can be justified by the Abrahamic/Mosaic laws of circumcision/diet.
When Paul states, "...I prove that I am a lawbreaker.", he is saying that if he were to "put back into place" the idea that one can be saved through the works of the law (as Peter was hypocritically suggesting in Gal 2:11-14), then he (Paul) would be amiss.
I don't make a habit out of reading the New Living Translation, but its paraphrase on Gal 2:17-18 may be more helpful to you than the thoughts that I've shared already.

Gal 2:17-18 NLV - But suppose we seek to be made right with God
  through faith in Christ and then we are found guilty because we have
  abandoned the law. Would that mean Christ has led us into sin?
  Absolutely not! Rather, I am a sinner if I rebuild the old system of
  law I already tore down.
Answer: According to early church interpretation it's the law or the works of the law.1

1: Tertullian, adv. Marc., 5,3,8; Eusebius of Emesa, in Gal.; Ephrem, in Gal.; Augustinus, Exp. Gal. 16,7-10; Ambrosiaster; Theodoret of Cyrus
Answer: Keeping the law was never a means of salvation. It came 430 years after the Abrahamic Covenant (covenant of faith).
And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect. Galatians 3:17
For many reasons, I believe what Paul is referring to is sin...the works of the flesh.
Answer: Romans 7:13 states "...that sin by the commandment (law) might become exceeding sinful," means the law was given to us to show that we are incapable of keeping God's perfect standard for justification.  The law was not given for our justification, but to show us our hopeless condition.  Hence, we would look to Him who did not come to condemn the law or the prophets, but to fulfill (Matthew 5:17), so that by His merit we who belong to Him would be just as sinless.  Humility for our brokenness, not pride in our "goodness" Luke 18:13-14, is what God intends for the law to reveal in us.  If one exalts himself in his "law-keeping," he will be abased.  Therefore someone who seeks to rebuild (live up to) the system of law for justification, which actually engenders pride not humility, will continue in the transgression described by Galatians 2:18, and ultimately be abased or rejected.
The law is not evil, but the perfect standard from God by which we should endeavor to live so that our lives will be better and glorify our Creator, but could never buy our forgiveness because we have all broken at least 1 commandment at least 1 time and are therefore without hope, without Christ (James 2:10).
Comment: Welcome to BHSE! Please make sure you take our Tour. (See below left) Thanks.

What was destroyed in Galatians 2:18?


Should I ask for an introduction after I applied?

Question: I applied to a startup job on Monday and realized today that the hiring manager is connected via LinkedIn to one of my mentors. I haven't heard back yet so should I ask my mentor for an introduction? How should I ask my mentor?
Comment: Related: [How do I request an introduction in Linkedin, from a former colleague with whom I haven't kept in touch?](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/q/6139)
Answer:
I haven't heard back yet so should I ask my mentor for an introduction?

Seems that it has been only 2 days since you applied this past Monday.
Thus, I suggest you wait a bit more before considering replying or doing follow-up. The "rule-of-thumb" that is often suggested on this Community is to wait at least a week before doing so, as doing it before could come as desperate or annoying to the recruiter or contact.
Furthermore, the fact that they are "connected via LinkedIn" doesn't mean they keep in touch, or have spoken recently; asking your mentor to introduce you may prove ineffective if this is true.
Before considering asking your mentor for such thing, first ask him/her if they are still in touch, to see if this idea is viable.
Answer: Yes. An intro doesn't have to be done before you apply, and if their relationship is positive, having your mentor also reach out to intro/vouch for you is likely to be beneficial.
Answer: You're much more likely to get an interview if you have an introduction!
Lever, a recruitment marketing company, did a study recently and found that 1 of every 16 referred (or introduced) candidates is hired, while only 1 of every 152 people who apply through applicant tracking systems are hired.
You can go with what I've shared or read more about the Lever study here.


Promise made to Allah under the influence of OCD

Question: Assalamualaikum.
May Allah reward you for helping me out ASAP.
Ughmm i have been under the influence of ocd since 5 years mainly religious OCD.
Once i made a promise to Allah that if a picture Doesn't get sent to my cousin's (cause i looked horrible in that picture)(it may be sent by my relatives to any family group thats why)
, i will never send any picture in future to them.
I didn't utter anything i just made that intention in my mind but i am sure I did all this cause of my OCD cause a normal person would never make such conditions and promises.
Plsssss helppp meee
Comment: I don't understand what happened?
Answer: I don't think it's a problem since you didn't say anything out loud. I'm pretty sure Allah doesn't judge you on what you think, but he judges you on what you do and what you say.
Your OCD makes it harder for you (and you regret making that intention?). So I guess it doesn't really count and you can just forget about your intention, since you didn't say it out loud and you weren't 100% conscious (because of your OCD).
Comment: This site is not about what you or me think. We expect answers here to be well elaborated, in your own words, and claims to be supported by evidences. Please don't confound this site with a typical internet forum.


Conservatorships assigned to person with no property?

Question: Can conservatorships be assigned to a person with no assets?  If the person had assets at the time of filing, but not at the hearing date, could it still be assigned?
Answer: Normally someone would simultaneously seek a conservatorship and a guardianship, or only a guardianship in such a case. And, of course, a guardianship could be sought without management of property being an issue.
Having a guardian and not a conservator, in the case of someone with few assets, is basically the same as having a guardian and a conservator. The guardian would normally have the powers necessary to manage the protected person's small estate.
In making a conservatorship appointment, the focus is usually on the capacity of the would be protected person, and not on that person's current assets.
For example, a conservator might primarily be involved in applying for government benefits (Medicaid, Medicare, Social Security, means tested welfare like food stamps and SSI, VA benefits, etc.) or past employment benefits (e.g. pensions), or legal action (e.g. a personal injury suit or probate lawsuit over an inheritance) that could improve the protected person's situation, rather than upon the protected person's current situation. Alternately, the protected person might have a regular source of income which to the Court appears is not being suitably managed, leading to periodic destitution.
There would need to be some reason to think that if the person currently has not assets that they might gain assets in the future by some means, but a current lack of assets wouldn't be dispositive. Someone who is currently destitute could still have a conservator appointed for them.


Reason behind colour of hibiscus and sunflower

Question: What is the reason for the red colour of hibiscus and the yellow colour of sunflower?
Comment: Welcome to Bio.SE! What attempts to answer this question have you already taken? We ask that all question posters here attempt to search for an answer to their own question and explicitly indicate what research they've already done, what they learned, and what is still confusing or unknown to them. Our goal is not to simply be an answer site, but rather a site that promotes self-learning with some expert help along the way :). Please take a moment to edit your post with this additional detail, and it will likely be received more positively by our community. Thanks!
Answer: Flower color is result of reflection of light due to various color pigments. Evolutionary such pigments were selected due to various reasons like to attract pollinators (Dyer et al 2012). There are two major types of flowers pigments

Carotenoids (produces yellow, orange and red colors)
Flavonoids (produces red, purple, magenta and blue colors)

However, flower color is affected by various other factors (e.g. other pigments, metal ions and its chemistry etc.) along with above pigments.
Hibiscus' dark red color is outcome of Anthocyanins which is water soluble flavonid (Grajeda-Iglesias C et al 2016). However, this pigment is highly unstable and depending on pH of the surrounding it can be red, purple, blue or black. (More details in this book). Hibiscus contains majorly delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (Dp-samb) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (Cy-samb) as the major anthocyanins (DU and Francis 1973). Chemical reaction responsible for generation and utilisation of these pigment is shown below (borrowed from Grajeda-Iglesias C et al 2016)

In above image, at low pH values $AH^+$ produces red color while  and $(A)$ produces purple/blue, which is thermodynamically unstable. In addition to that co-pigments like Hydroxylatedbenzoic and cinnamic acids, hydroxyflavones (which all are colorless) are also responsible for not only stabilizing these chemical products but enhances the color (Grajeda-Iglesias C et al 2016).


Secure source code review tool for jQuery

Question: Does anyone know any secure source code review tool for jQuery/jQueryUI. I've looked around a bit but couldn't find anything. Its too good if it is opensource.
Comment: Do you mean server side, or client-side?
Comment: jQuery runs on the client, so I imagine it's client side. The server side stuff would be better tested with a normal battery of tests (SQLi, XSS, CSRF, etc).
Comment: @Andrew Smith Although you can run JS on the server with node.js or mongodb, jQuery's biggest power is in controlling user interfaces and wouldn't be a very useful server-side library.
Answer: Very few vulnerabilities exist in client side code when compared to other components in a modern web application.  Even if you have a very obvious CWE-602 violation the vulnerability exists because of a lack of server-side controls.  No tool that I am aware of can detect CWE-602 violations.
That being said the client isn't totally exempt from vulnerabilities.   The two biggest problems being mixed content vulnerabilities and dom based xss.  Domsnitch is one of the few tools that is able to detect both of these, although it also produces a large number of false positives.
There are also commercial tools that perform static code analysis of JavaScript for the purpose of finding vulnerabilities.  HP Fortify and IBM's AppScan are examples of this type of software.
Comment: Vulnerabilities in client-side code are common.  Common examples include code injection (e.g., misuse of `eval`) and client-side XSS (aka DOM-based XSS).
Comment: @D.W. So clearly my post is entirely incorrect and therefore requires a downvote.
Comment: Sorry that this seems to have upset you! I thought you might like a comment so you can edit your answer to improve it (e.g., by correcting the claim if you agree with my critique, or justifying it if you stand by your statement).
Comment: +1: Lotsa good resources here.  I like the revision; thanks!  (Hate to pick on you more, but a nitpick: I'm not persuaded that there are very few vulnerabilities in client-side code.  You may have more experience with web pentesting than I do, but the data I've seen indicates that client-side vulnerabilities are by no means rare.  I would expect this to vary from site to site, depending upon how much they use client-side code, but for a site with rich client-side functionality, I would not discount the potential for client-side vulnerabilities.)
Answer: I don't know of a good security code review tool that focuses on jQuery.
For plain Javascript, Douglas Crockford's JavaScript: The Good Parts + JSLint is an excellent tool that will help you avoid many bugs in your code, possibly including security bugs.
If possible, I recommend setting a restrictive Content Security Policy (CSP) and writing your Javascript to comply with the CSP.  This will probably be most feasible for new code, but it may not be feasible if you already have a large amount of existing code.
In particular, I recommend setting a CSP that bans eval and eval-like constructs (as these are commonly misused and often lead to security vulnerabilities).  Also, if it is feasible without too much cost to you, ban inline Javascript and Javascript loaded over HTTP; put all script in a separate file, which is loaded over HTTPS via a script src=... tag.  The benefit of CSP is that it will help you enforce some aspects of a coding discipline that is beneficial for security.  See, e.g., how Twitter is using CSP and how Google Chrome extensions are using CSP.
Answer: There is a way of securing Ajax Calls with :
jQuery Deferred Objects Promise Callbacks
And create a global function and use it with the deferred Object.
But on Jquery Support they say there is no way how to hide or secure Jquery(js) Code
Its the client side they can do what ever they wants to!
My advise : is to use unormale short and not descriptive variable when using ajax or even in any func
Just do it in Facebook Way do they send /like.php?_a=1 for a like  in ajax
and _a=0 for a dislike


Right side click on track pad issue

Question: I am facing a strange issue with my track pad. My machine is a MacBook Pro Retina Display (Mid 2012) updated with Yosemite.
So when i click on the track pad's right side, the track pad clicked down properly but nothing happens, although the left side is working properly.
Answer: What if you click while holding two fingers on the track pad?
If that works then it might just be the setting: from System Preferences, Trackpad, you're looking for the setting pictured in the following screenshot.

(Screenshot courtesy of wikihow.com)

Right side click on track pad issue