What is the correct policy here with respect to rollbacks?

Question: Today I saw multiple edits by the same user that seemed to destroy the formatting of the original question. See here and here. Other edits by this user do seem to be in good faith, see here. In both of the first two cases the edits were approved, and I rolled back the edit. Should I not have done that? What should one do if an edit is approved by the community although you're fairly certain the edit detracts from readability?
Comment: I'm fairly sure all of the linked edits were made with good intentions. The user just has a penchant for over-formatting.
Comment: If you saw the post without knowing there had been a previous edit that destroyed the readability, would you have edited the post to improve it?
Comment: @DanielFischer That's what I figured too and why I linked the edit which I felt was at least helpful.
Comment: These are cases where a user edited posts written by someone else, and in one of those cases the original poster liked it well enough to override your rollback!  These cases seem to be more about using bold and indent to attract attention, but with the rollback mechanism easily overridden (as here), I feel your efforts were reasonable.
Answer: There are two separate issues here. Informally, what to do about the post, and what to do about the user.

If you are convinced that the current version of a post is significantly worse than a version you  are willing to create, then you should not hesitate to create this better version. (Whether it undoes another edit or not.)
If you see a user constantly creating content that is problematic without them being aware, you should let them know in a friendly to neutral way. Note that you can comment-notify editors of posts (even though auto-complete does not propose them).

In case the above does not have the desired effect (for example the editor rollsback or there is some discussion starting), I would flag for moderators with "other" and describe the situation and move on.
Comment: More power to the "move on" part of this answer.
Comment: Thanks, just curious about the policy here.


How can I split the screen when the screen splitting widget is not visible?

Question: I know the basics of splitting the screen/creating more of them.
While I can split the windows at the right I can't do that on the left, because those typical lines on the left lower corner are missing. Can I make them appear somehow?

Comment: Can you share the .blend file to be able to help you?
Comment: Why do you need to split the windows on the left? Unless I am misunderstanding your question, can't you just split it on the right and modify the left panel?
Comment: i can avoid spliting the left panel and use the ones on the right. I am just curious why the split lines are gone on the left panel.
Comment: i will share the file when i found out how to share files.
Answer: Find the dividing line between two windows where your cursor changes into a double arrow (horizontal or vertical).  Right-click to activate the Area options menu which has two options: Split Area, and Join Area.  You want Split Area.  Then move your cursor into the window you would like to split.
In your case, there is no divider on the bottom or left, so you'll have to use the boundary on the top (between the 3D view and the info bar) or the right.
Comment: ... but now i want to close the single panel on the right; how?
Comment: Closing a single panel that borders a split set of panels is not possible in the blender UI as of 2.78.  It might be possible to frob the various panel fields in python to arrange things how you want, but I never worked up enough ambition to figure out the details.  For now, just drag the divider so far to the right that your properties panel is only 10 pixels wide.  You'll thank yourself when you want to access it later.
Answer: Try this:

Open new window by pulling the right top corner
Once you do that you should find the bottom left one in the new window
Pull the left bottom corner to close the old one which didn't have the bottom left pull option


Lower bound and worst case scenario

Question: We know that the lower bound is the minimum amount of work needed to solve a problem.  So for a given problem say x it has the best algorithm ( the most efficient algorithm to solve this problem ) say algorithm y, then the lower bound efficiency calculated  from this algorithm y is the least time this problem x can be solved through . So why do we calculate the lower bound efficiency for this algorithm on the worst case input ? why not on the best case input ? I mean lower bound is the minimum amount of work which therefore occurs on the best case scenario . Every time I see a decision tree algorithm problem to solve the lower bound of some sorting algorithm , the usual word is always mentioned "the worst case lower bound is blah blah blah" which confuse me so much ! Someone please fix my understanding :( .
Comment: Basically, the worse case is the easy indicator that people worry the most more frequently.
Answer: When analyzing algorithms it makes little sense to consider the best-case scenario as it is very often trivial and not very informative.
You can convince yourself that almost every algorithm can be adapted to have a best-case complexity of $O(n)$, where $n$ is the size of the input, by simply running a preliminary check that verifies if the input instance belongs to some class of instances for which the solution is trivial.
Just to give a concrete example: the best case for every sorting algorithm can be made $O(n)$ if you just check whether the input sequence of numbers is already sorted.
The focus is often on the worst-case complexity. Once you decide that you want to compare algorithms with respect to their  worst-case complexity, it also makes sense to ask how quickly a problem can be solved.
It is usually impossible to give a sharp bound to the time needed to solve a problem, therefore one seeks upper and lower bound.
An upper bound of $O(f(n))$ tells you that there is some algorithm that solves the problem in $O(f(n))$ worst-case time.
A lower bound of $\Omega(g(n))$ tells you that no conceivable algorithm can take  $o(g(n))$ time to solve the problem.
Just to be clear: a lower bound on the time needed to solve a problem is expressed as a function of the input size $n$ and is the smallest amount of work that is necessary to solve all instances of size $n$. Intuitively (not a formal definition) you can think of it as $\min_{A \in \mathcal{A}} \max_{I \in \mathcal{I}_n} T(A,I)$ where $\mathcal{A}$ is the set of all possible algorithms that solve your problem, $\mathcal{I}_n$ is the set of all instances of size $n$, and $T(A,I)$ is the time needed by $A \in \mathcal{A}$ to solve instance $I \in \mathcal{I}_n$.
What you seem to have in mind instead is $\min_{A \in \mathcal{A}} \min_{I \in \mathcal{I}_n} T(A,I)$.
A lower bound for a problem is useful to establish how "hard" that problem is to solve (problems that require more time to solve are harder, this would make little sense if we looked at the easiest instances instead), and to measure how far an algorithm is from being optimal.
For example Merge Sort solves the sorting problem in the optimal amount of time because its running time (asymptotically) matches the $\Omega(n \log n)$ lower bound for the sorting problem (in the comparison-based model).
Comment: So according to your stated definition the lower bound  is the minimum time among all worst cases times of algorithms that solves this problem ?
Comment: Intuitively yes!
Comment: @AAAA, not exactly. It is the *worst case* time for the *best algorithm*, more or less (the worst cases can very well be different for different algorithms).
Comment: @vonbrand , Yes I have assumed when I said that " among all worst cases times of algorithms" that the best case algorithm is included in these algorithms.
Answer: "lower bound" can be applied for each scenario and individually not meaningful! (lower bound of what?) As we analyzed the worst-case scenario most of the time as time complexity of an algorithm, hence, "lower bound" is applied for the worst-case scenario (not the best case).
In other words, as the time complexity is explaining for the worst-case scenario, "lower bound" for the time complexity will be applied to the worst-case scenario.
Comment: Many thanks for your reply  and help ! But by definition Lower bound is the minimum amount of work needed to solve a problem ,and in best cases scenario we usually have the minimum work .
Comment: Please see the edit of my reply to your Answer. Many thanks .
Comment: It is clear now many thanks .

Lower bound and worst case scenario


Is it OK to snack on salted nuts for a high-fibre diet?

Question: I like to snack on nuts as part of ensuring a high-fibre diet, but I prefer the taste of salted nuts over non-salted.  Will eating salted nuts cause me significant dehydration or other health issues?  Is it likely to cause me to have too high a daily salt intake?  Or is it basically OK?
Comment: How much do you exercise/sweat? That makes a difference as well. I would also recommend going through some of the debunking myth writeups on low sodium recommendations.
Answer: Like most foods, salt should be consumed in moderation. Your body needs salt, but a good idea would be to try and cut down salt from some other parts of your diet. For example, get unsalted fries or no ketchup. Check the daily recommended value for an estimate of how much salt you're intaking. Furthermore (thanks to Carey Gregory for pointing this out), drinking water may NOT be the best idea to offset the sodium intake. According to dietitian Monica Reinagel(from LiveStrong link),

"drinking some extra water after a high-sodium meal may help flush
  some of the sodium from your body and may also help get rid of some
  retained water to reduce bloating...
Just drinking more water, however, is not a solution for a long-term
  high-sodium diet, says Reinagel. The increased blood volume that
  results from your body holding onto the excess water is what raises
  your blood pressure.

So depending on the rest of your diet, you could better judge for yourself whether salted nuts are ok, or maybe unsalted would be better.
If you happen to have a high-sodium diet and don't like the taste of unsalted nuts, it would be a good time to look into alternative sources of fiber.
http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/salt-and-your-health
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygroscopy
http://jap.physiology.org/content/65/1/332.short
http://www.livestrong.com/article/529042-does-drinking-water-flush-out-sodium-in-the-body/
Interesting Read if you want to know more about sodium removal from body-
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: Sweat rate and sodium loss during work in the heat
Comment: Salt is highly hygroscopic so it seems likely that high sodium + high water intake will mainly result in a lot of water retention and the BP increase that will go with it. I don't think it's easy to flush salt out by drinking more.
Comment: @CareyGregory Thanks for bringing this to my attention. You are totally right. Furthermore, I didn't have any references here, which is VERY bad since we strongly encourage citing sources for information.


06 Impala LT rear defrost doesn't work

Question: The fuse is good and the connection at the rear window appears to be connected. The light on the dash controls comes on but the ice or snow doesn't melt at all.
Answer: So, is the supply getting to the terminal on the window? If not then the cable can be broken in the area of the hinge...
Is there a ground connection? same issue with broken cable.
The third possibility is that all the thin elements have been damaged if the two things above are ok. One way to check is to use a test lamp or multimeter and check to see if there is voltage present on the small filaments.
Answer: (FWIW: Just my experience on an '04 Cavalier with the same symptom.  Below is from my (scant) notes for that car, and AllData info on a '07 Cobalt.)
Per the AllData Cobalt schematic, the defog circuit shows TWO 'relays'.  The first [1] is in the Body Control Module, which is "... Below the radio, on the right side of the center console".  If the dash light is coming on, this 'relay' is working.
This control circuit then goes to the under-hood fuse block, where there is a second relay, labeled "RDFG".  This one is definitely a mechanical relay.  You should be able to hear it click when the switch is operated.
The power circuit (through the relay contacts) is fused, in the same fuse block.  The fuse is also labeled RDFG.
On the Cobalt and Cavalier, there is one intermediate connector in the circuit between the under-hood fuse block and the window.  On the Cav, this is behind the driver's side kick panel.
... Finally getting to the point, on my Cav, the contacts for the defog circuit on this connector were horribly burned, and the connector shell was partly melted.  I didn't find an explanation for this.  I fixed it by jumpering the circuit around the connector, and had no further problems.
[1] It's not clear to me if this is an actual mechanical relay, or - more likely - a semiconductor device being represented in that way.

06 Impala LT rear defrost doesn't work


What is the RWIGS value for the DOS calculation in VASP?

Question: I want to set the RWIGS value in the INCAR file for the investigation of the density of states (DOS) of $\ce{Mg2Si}$ so what should be the value of RWIGS and LORBIT as well for DOS?
Answer: For calculating DOS in VASP, Relaxed the structure first using ISIF=3 (volume and atom position relaxation) followed by SCF calculation for generating charge density.
In the third calculation use LORBIT=11/12 with ISTART=11. VASP ignores RWIGS parameter for LORBIT>=10,hence no need to change that.
Use the ISMEAR parameter wisely.
Comment: +1. Please take a close look at the edits I did though, so that no one has to do those in the future for you. Also we have a VASP chatroom: https://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/109983/vasp, can you say "hello" at least once so that we can remember later that you're one of the users of VASP?
Comment: @Pranav thanks for your answer , but if I set LORBIT <10 let's say LORBIT= 5 then what would be the value of RWIGS in this case ?
Answer: Just add more information to @Pranav Kumar's answer.

What is the RWIGS value for the density of states calculation in VASP?

In short, RWIGS specifies the Wigner-Seitz radius for each atom type. The default value for this tag can be read from the POTCAR. If you have not any prior knowledge about your system, for example, the charge distribution around each atom, I strongly suggest you just use the default radius. If you do want to know how to set manually it, you may need to understand how the PAW method adopted by the VASP package works.

Always take a first look at the official explanation about the tag used by INCAR from vaspwiki. For example, you can find an explanation of the RWIGS tag: https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/RWIGS

what should be the value of RWIGS and LORBIT as well for DOS?

The relation between RWIGS and LORBIT also can be found in vaspwiki.

If you just want to calculate the DOS, you can simply follow @pranav kumar's strategy:

Self-consistent-field (SCF) calculation to obtain converged charge density.

Non-self-consistent-field (NSCF) calculation by reading SCF charge density to calculated DOS.

The general DOS-related tags used in INCAR:
#DOS-related:
  LORBIT=11
  #RWIGS=R(Mg) R(Si)    ## fill two real number
  EMIN=-20
  EMAX=15
  NEDOS=2000

Hope it helps.
Comment: thanks for answer I am asking you again what I ahve asked from Pranav Kumar that what if I set LORBIT not equal to 11 i.e LORBIT = 5 for adding RWIGS tag then what should be the value of RWIGS as you mentioned 1.22 , how one can decide on this ? In my POTCAR file there are two values  of RWIGS =2.88 and 1.524 which one should I opt ?
Comment: @Shalini I have edited my answer about the setting for the RWIGS tag in your system. You can just fill two real numbers between the two radius given by POTCAR and test what will happen. I have no idea about what the reasonable radius should be, as claimed in my post.


Comparative cost of public transport

Question: Is there a good database comparing the cost of public transport? I found this one and this one but they cite no sources so have no idea how they were constructed. Also, it is for a given period. Ideally the database should have more years. I've searched in OECD and world bank without success. Help please! :)
Answer: The world bank group has a Urban Transport Data Analysis Tool (UT-DAT) located here: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/transport/publication/urban-transport-data-analysis-tool-ut-dat1
It has an excel file that has some data.  There is also Data.world  https://data.world/datasets/transportation
There is Global Mass Transit website but its a paid service with some free options:   https://www.globalmasstransit.net/index.php
This Wiki site here might be a better option for you on free public transportation data links:
https://www.transitwiki.org/TransitWiki/index.php/Publicly-accessible_public_transportation_data
The world bank has Public private partnerships investment in transport (current US$).
Which are contractual relationships typically between a state or local government, who are the owners of most transportation infrastructure, and a private company.
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IE.PPN.TRAN.CD
This looks like a hard find.

Comparative cost of public transport


Can I use non-apple headphones with an iPhone?

Question: Is it okay to connect non-Apple headphones to an iPhone (a 5s, in this case) or do I need to use apple branded or authorized headphones for some reason?
Answer: Here is the visual comparison of Apple TRRS plug and a standard TRS plug.

On the top you can see a 4-pin headset connector. A headset connector needs to be using the same TRRS standard, or it will not function properly if at all.
On the bottom you can see a 3-pin headphone connector. Any headphone connector will work fine.

Standard 3.5mm jack stereo headphones have a 3-conductor configuration of TRS (Tip, Ring, Sleeve). The pinout for these connectiors is: Left Audio, Right Audio, Ground. Connectors for headphones with a mic have an additional ring which results in a 4-conductor TRRS configuration (Tip, Ring, Ring, Sleeve).
There have been different TRRS standards:

The original OMTP configuration, which was created by Nokia and has a pinout of Left Audio, Right Audio, Mic, Ground.
AHJ (American Headset Jack) with a pinout of Left Audio, Right Audio, Ground, Mic.
CTIA, named after The Wireless Association, which replaced AHJ and has the same pinout. CTIA jacks have improved compatibility to support not only AHJ but also OMTP. CTIA is by default required for Android device manufacturers.

Source: All About Windows Phone
Wikipedia has a short overview for which device uses which standard.
At last a few points to note:

Plugging an OMTP headset into an AHJ jack, and vice versa, will result in the audio-out being inaudible or very quiet. Converters to switch between the two types of headsets are readily available, but do add extra bulk, and may not work reliably with remote control functionality.
Apple uses a CTIA/AHJ connector arrangement, but uses a non-standard microphone and volume control signaling method. Simple commands like Play/Pause and Skip however should work across modern mobile devices.
Comment: Minutes before boarding I once bought a "Android compatible" Xiaomi headset with the assumption this well-built and well-known brand would be compatible with my iPhone.  The result was not good.  Sound was very quiet indeed none of the buttons had the desired effect.  Connected it to somebody's Android: worked perfectly!   Taping down the play button gave much higher sound output saved my flight.  Strange thing: the headset sound seemed work just fine with my macbook.
Comment: I had the exact same experience with another product. Did you find a workarround ?
Comment: I found this site helpful [Smartphone Headset Standards: Apple iPhone, AHJ (CTIA), & OMTP – Headset Buddy Help](https://help.longtailproducts.com/hc/en-us/articles/207970396-Smartphone-Headset-Standards-Apple-iPhone-AHJ-CTIA-OMTP) "In general the audio out and one button control on such headsets will work, but the audio-in (microphone) and volume controls will not. Some headset manufacturers produce dual version products that have wider support (presumably supporting more than one signalling method), but working out which is which is a little hit and miss."
Answer: Any headphone with a 3.5mm jack will work.
But be mindful about the remote controls. If it doesn't specifically says compatible with iPhone/iPod, it may not work with your iPhone.
As long as you just care about listening to sound on the headphones, as long as the tip is undamaged and standard, you won't harm the iPhone using any headphones.
Comment: I you want to use the microphone or the remote controls you might get some frustration if it's not compatible :)
Comment: perhaps "be mindful" is a better term
Comment: Why should we be careful?
Answer: Any headphones with a 3.5mm headphone jack will work fine with the iPhone, not just Apple products.
Answer: Sennheiser makes great headphones for iPhone with working mic/remote. I have the version for Android phones and everything works fine and sounds great. Just make sure you check the package for the "made for iPhone" label.
Answer: And note that some headsets have plugs with 4 metal bands, but the order is different, these won't work (older Nokia, for instance):
Instead of
"mic, ground, right, left"
they will have
"ground, mic, right, left"
Answer: I misplaced my iPhone headphones but had my old Blackberry Bold headphones (with the remote attached).  These worked perfectly on my iPhone 5.
Answer: I use Yurbuds Ironman Inspire Black In-Ear Sport Headphones, purchased at a TELUS store and they work perfectly well as regular earphones when I want privacy as well as in the proper mode including the mic function with my iPhone 5s and they should also work with an iPhone 6.
Comment: We don't really need a list of every brand that works or doesn't. The criteria are simple enough.


How can I install Satchmo?

Question: I am trying to install Satchmo 0.9 on an Ubuntu 9.10 32-bit guest off of the instructions at http://bitbucket.org/chris1610/satchmo/downloads/Satchmo.pdf. I run into difficulties at 2.1.2:
pip install -r http://bitbucket.org/chris1610/satchmo/raw/tip/scripts/requirements.txt
pip install -e hg+http://firstname.lastname@example.com#egg=satchmo

The first command fails because a compile error for how it's trying to build PIL. So I ran an "aptitude install python-imaging", locally copy the first line's requirements.text, and remove the line that's unsuccessfully trying to build PIL. The first line completes without reported error, as does the second.
The next step tells me to change directory to the /path/to/new/store, and run:
python clonesatchmo.py

A little bit of trouble here; I am told that clonesatchmo.py will be in /bin by now, and it isn't there, but I put some Satchmo stuff under /usr/local, create a symlink in /bin, and run:
python /bin/clonesatchmo.py

This gives:
jonathan@ubuntu:~/store$ python /bin/clonesatchmo.py
Creating the Satchmo Application
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/bin/clonesatchmo.py", line 108, in <module>
    create_satchmo_site(opts.site_name)
  File "/bin/clonesatchmo.py", line 47, in create_satchmo_site
    import satchmo_skeleton
ImportError: No module named satchmo_skeleton

A find after apparently checking out the repository reveals that there is no file with a name like satchmoskeleton on my system. I thought that bash might be prone to take part of the second pip invocation's URL as the beginning of a comment; I tried both:
pip install -e hg+http://firstname.lastname@example.com\#egg=satchmo
pip install -e hg+http://email@example.com#egg=satchmo

Neither way of doing it seems to take care of the import error mentioned above.
How can I get a Satchmo installation under Ubuntu, or at least enough of a Satchmo installation that I am able to start with a skeleton of a store and then flesh it out the way I want?
Answer: I had the same problem when I tried Satchmo a while back.  Some mailing list hunting turned up a problem with the packaging.  A directory isn't copied over correctly.
http://firstname.lastname@example.com/msg03905.html
You just need to copy that directory over to your satchmo site-packages location and it should pick it up as it will be on sys.path.
Answer: I solved "ImportError: No module named satchmo_skeleton" problem by running the command
python ../../../scripts/clonesatchmo.py from the apps or projects folder in which skeleton and simple is present.

How can I install Satchmo?


can I become a monk with schizophrenia?

Question: can I become a monk if i have schizophrenia?
I have to take a shot every two weeks and I do hear voices every once in a while
Answer: Householder Goudakid, interested,
whether a Bhikkhu gives one ordination as Samanera (Novice monk) or the Community of a particular Sangha of Bhikkhus also higher ordination is aside of some limitations the Buddha gave, total up the Bhikkhu(s), an act of compassion and not something anybody whould ever have a right to. Thats importand. And the Sangha should be never seen as common social institution for a living.
Whether one goes for and gets ordained, even at good or bad communities is, how ever a matter of Upanissaya (strong conditions = dependent on strong paccaya, kamma, of past and present).
There would be limitations for higher ordinations in regard of grave illness since hard for the community to look after sick and not pleasing for supporters. But even if the case that one gets ordained, such would be not invalid, yet a wrong doing for the one who gives ordination.
As for novice, there are less formal questions which would limit aside of the always invalid criterias.
My person could not even generally say that hearing voices might be an illness at all categorical.
As long as not real "stupid" or holding grave wrong views, there is less limitation and the best way to get ones own possibility and the possibility of the Bhikkus known is simply to start (if allowed) to live with them and serve at monasteries, taking min eigth precepts.
Usually good monks would not close any possibility and seek for the best way for one, yet are limited in suggesting and it requires all that one would ask for what ever one desires. So own initative is needed and wrong shame (to do good things) may be strong hindrance, since nobody would invite you to make good choices and ask for accessing good areas and giving.
The more honest one approaches and speaks, the more wise people have possibilities to help and such is needed for the grow into the holly life.
Illness, if even a "real" one, are not for sure and nothing heals more than precepts and the holly life and my person would nothing but encourage to such, even if "only just" in white and serving the Tripple Gems. Don't householder wast long time and struggle around with doubts and go after a blessed good mindstate and seek for it, since good mindstates are seldom and not lasting.
Much success and if having further questions he may also feel welcome here, where are also not so public areas.
There are some related answers als well:

[Q&A] Meditation for Psychosis - Can Dhamma help for mental problems
When is the best time for ordination?

Now. Don't waste time. Also good Intentions are not for sure.

Mental ilness, causes and apaya realms

(Note that this is not given for trade, stacks, exchange or entertainment but as means for kusala deeds out of this wheel)

can I become a monk with schizophrenia?


What is the significance of bathing in the kaveri river during the thula month?

Question: It is spoken highly of. But what is its significance? What are the benefits? Does it wash away all sins?
Answer: SIVAPURANA: VIDYESVARA SAMHITA: Chapter 12 mentions the fruits of bathing in different rivers in different solar months. Here is the relevant verse for bathing in Kaveri in the Tulā month:

[Suta said]
The great river Kaveri flowing from the mountain Sahya is very holy and is said to have twenty-seven mouths. It accords all cherished desires. Its banks are the bestowers
  of heaven and the regions of Brahma and Visnu.
When the Sun and the Jupiter are in Tulā, the devotee shall take bath in the Kaveri, the fruit whereof is the attainment of all cherished desires as stated by Visnu Himself.


What is the difference between "a bulge-bracket investment bank" and "a large investment bank"?

Question: Is there any difference between "a bulge-bracket investment bank" and "a large investment bank"? Or can bulge-bracket and large be used interchangeably when qualifying an investment bank?
Comment: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_investment_banks, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulge_bracket#Banks_currently_part_of_the_bulge_bracket
Answer: Bulge Bracket Banks  is an expression used to refer to large banks, but the definition includes both investment banks like Goldman Sacks and also large commercial banks like Deutche Bank:

Bulge bracket banks have a global presence and usually have a solid market capitalization. These large banks cater to clients like large institutions, corporations and governments. They provide the full range of investment banking services and products worldwide.
Bulge banks dominate market share, handle the biggest deals and command the greatest prestige and brand value in banking. Such banks include Bank of America Corp. (BAC), Barclays Plc (BCS), BNP Paribas SA, Citigroup Inc. (C), Credit Suisse Group AG (CS), Deutsche Bank AG (DB), Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS), HSBC Holdings Plc (HSBC), JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM) and Morgan Stanley (MS).

www.investopedia.com
Answer:
Bulge bracket investment bank

has more of an absolute meaning: large and dominant.

large investment bank

usually needs more context.
Is it a large regional investment bank? A large global investment bank?
There is also a certain caché in being considered a "bulge bracket" bank.
There are several (very) large global banks which are not considered as "bulge bracket" banks, this are a few

Mitsubishi UFJ (Japan, though it has teamed up with Morgan Stanley)
  Sumitomo Bank (Japan)
  Macquarie Bank (Australia)
  Royal Bank of Canada (Canada)
  Société Générale (France)

The "bulge bracket" rating may have all started with the American obsession with ranking tables.

Bulge bracket investment banks are large, but not all large investment banks are bulge bracket.


why does my beer batter seem to hold too much oil?

Question: Please can you help find out why when i deep fry my cod in beer batter it even when drained on paper is still full of cooking oil please.
I use same measure of flour to beer and add lemon juice and saffron for colour .
Comment: What oil and at what oil temperature are you deep frying? Also are you sure you are not overloading, which will reduce the oil temperature?
Comment: Beer batter is generally a bit oily, what result were you expecting? Are you comparing it to another you have had?
Answer: I've found that when my oil is not hot enough to seal what I'm cooking immediately, the batter picks up a lot of oil. The same thing happens if I batter something frozen and then let it sit for a minute or two before it goes into the fryer.
Answer: Temp of oil should be 375. Otherwise the food absorbs too much oil. In most cases you want the food at room temperature before frying.  Remember that introducing the food will lower the temp so always go 10 degrees above desired cooking temp and don't overcrowd the pan. Best way to test oil is to drop a small amount of batter into oil to check that it  rises and begins cooking immediately. A piece of white bread can also be used.


Correlation between non-independent variables

Question: I want to conduct correlation between two variables, that have common term (difference scores).
Originally there are three variables X, Y, Z. I want to conduct correlation between two variables that are computed as:
First variable: X - Y
Second variable: Y - Z
I know, that the correlation will be spurious and I wonder whether it is possible to correct it in some way. From theoretical reasons, I need correlation (or some other measure of relation) between variables that have this common term.
I will add also, that what I am interested is not the value of correlation coefficient, but I want to compare relative strength of correlation between these variables in different conditions. That is why I thought that maybe I can transform r values to Z values using Fisher's transformation, because I assumed that even if values of correlation coefficents will be inflated, it still would be possible to compare they relative strength.
Comment: $\operatorname{cov}(X-Y,Y-Z)=\operatorname{cov}(X,Y)-\operatorname{cov}(X,Z)-\operatorname{var}(Y)+\operatorname{cov}(Y,Z)$
Answer: Answered in comment:
$\operatorname{cov}(X-Y,Y-Z)=\operatorname{cov}(X,Y)-\operatorname{cov}(X,Z)-\operatorname{var}(Y)+\operatorname{cov}(Y,Z)$ – Dilip Sarwate


How use height tag data in Project-OSRM?

Question: I am using Project-OSRM in my project .
All is works . But I need use elevation data. Downloaded osmosis master . And SRTM plugin added to osmosis. Also this worked fine . SRTM plugin started and I get new .osm file .
In test_with_srtm.osm file have height tag data. But I cannot see sad height tag information  in founded path json output format.
Please, help me next steps.  How can I do it.  At least I want to see height tag data in retuned json result( https://github.com/Project-OSRM/osrm-ba … utput-json ).
Answer: Yep, thats about right. We haven't yet fully implemented outputting elevation profiles.
Comment: Any updates on the elevation profiles?


what is an injective trapdoor function?

Question: The answer to this question at Crypto.SE is clear about what a trapdoor function is, but what makes a trapdoor function "injective"?
Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective_function ?
Comment: "and never maps" _different_ "elements of the domain to the same element in the co-domain". $\hspace{.77 in}$
Comment: @K.G. - From the link you posted above, an injective function is one that preserves distinctness.  Following this, a injective trapdoor function must be a one-way function that is hard to invert (except when using secret key) and never maps elements of domain to the same element in the co-domain.  is this correct?
Comment: @RickyDemer - So if the trapdoor function was not injective we would have different elements mapping to the same elements in co-domain.  What is the advantage of an injective trapdoor function ? Shouldn't we make it harder for an adversary to guess what an element of co-domain maps to in the domain?
Answer: A trapdoor one-way injection is a trapdoor one-way function such that two different elements

of a single domain are never mapped to the same element of the corresponding codomain.

By Goldreich-Levin, if there exists an trapdoor one-way injection

then semantically secure public key encryption exists.

what is an injective trapdoor function?


Could a druid wild-shape into a beast which they'd only seen an illusion of?

Question: Inspired by another question I am curious. Say a druid has never seen a bear (as an example; any particular beast will do), but has seen an illusion of a bear, and furthermore failed their save vs. the illusion (so they believe they saw a bear). Could they wild shape into a bear?
Comment: Related: https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/108248/ , https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/109913/
Comment: Interesting idea: if I see a beast that I'm not sure about the reality of, to see if it's an illusion, I shape into it. If I can't, the illusion is fake!
Comment: That was kind of the thought behind the question.
Answer: Unfun answer: Strict RAW - No
Wild Shape

Starting at 2nd level, you can use your action to magically assume the
shape of a beast that you have seen before.

A strict RAW reading of this would say no for the simple fact that seeing an illusion of something is not actually seeing the creature in the plain English sense of the word.
Jeremy Crawford said something that works well as a rationalization for this requirement too:

It's easy to rationalize that part of the magic relies on you seeing the real creature like somehow its essence... you're drawing on it in some way when you cast the spell. (Dragon Talk - 10/26/17 52:45)

He is actually talking about Shapechange when he says that but Shapechange has the exact same wording for this as Wild Shape so it should be applicable.
However, it is easy to see that this can easily devolve into, well what DOES qualify as seeing the creature then? Crystal ball? Telescope? What counts and what doesn't?
Better answer: DM Fiat
The RAW ruling seems overly strict for me as well as prone to misinterpretation and argument. There are just some places where the rules do not have a clear answer. This is why we have a DM to fill in the gaps.
I think having the DM rule on this on a case-by-case basis will make for a more fun, more empowering result. Especially since the Wild Shape list is so limited that it is not really prone to abuse.
And I'm not the only one who thinks that: In that same interview Crawford is asked:

Would you ever rule that if did it from an illustration or an imperfect way not having seen it themselves they would get it wrong? (ibid)

To which he responds that he would often rule in cases like this that

It does work, but the results are not what you expect...[making sure the effects are] still effective or amusing. [This] is entirely in the realms of DM adjudication because the spell itself say you've got to see it. (ibid)

For DMs, instead of saying no to this request, why not make it interesting? Since they are not technically meeting the requirements for the ability, have the animal look a bit weird or have abilities that are slightly off.
Depending on the nature of the illusion, how long the player saw it for, how well they saw it, etc the DM could have many creative responses to attempting this. It could lead to some fun and interesting stories, which is what this game is all about right?


How are elements like iron recognized and routed to the right places for use in the body?

Question: I asked this in Chemistry and it was suggested to ask it here. I wondered how the genome, which afaik does not contain iron or calcium as "reference" copies, nonetheless produces an organism that uses certain elements. If it create proteins which bind preferentially to iron or calcium, how then are such elements routed to sites where they can be bound? Are there proteins in addition to those which bind to elements that are responsible for routing? I should mention that I am a software developer and imagine mechanisms analogous to computer code.
Comment: As another software developer, I should point out that analogies between computer hardware or software and biological systems can be misleading sometimes. What do you mean by "reference copies" in the genome?
Comment: We welcome new users to SE Biology, but unfortunately your question has problems which will be apparent when you take time to read the introductory tour and the help. First, you really have to show [evidence of your own research](https://biology.stackexchange.com/help/how-to-ask) before posting a question. if you had done this you would see the second problem, that your question is much too broad. Different elements are handled in different ways. You seem to think there is a general problem here in relation to the elemental composition of the genome, but I see none. Please explain further.
Comment: @com.prehensible please refrain from answering in the comments. Please turn this into an answer. I'll delete your comment shortly. Problem is that answers in disguise demotivates others from writing quality answers.
Comment: Hi and welcome to Biology.SE! It's unclear to me whether you're wondering about iron uptake into blood from consumed food or iron uptake by cells from blood. Or are you asking how individual iron ions reach binding sites on iron-binding proteins? Chemically, proteins that bind ions are no different from proteins that bind other organic molecules, and the genome contains codes for proteins that specifically bind almost every class of chemicals out there. You can get some basics re:iron here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism#Mechanisms_of_iron_regulation
Answer: A wikipedia source gives you general informations and precise details about the locations and methods of absorption and distribution. Reading the page is well recommended, I will add the quote to save others time:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism#Dietary_iron_uptake :

Like most mineral nutrients, the majority of the iron absorbed from
  digested food or supplements is absorbed in the duodenum by
  enterocytes of the duodenal lining. These cells have special molecules
  that allow them to move iron into the body. To be absorbed, dietary
  iron can be absorbed as part of a protein such as heme protein or iron
  must be in its ferrous Fe2+ form.
A ferric reductase enzyme on the enterocytes' brush border, duodenal
  cytochrome B (Dcytb), reduces ferric Fe3+ to Fe2+.[9]
A protein called divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which can
  transport several divalent metals across the plasma membrane, then
  transports iron across the enterocyte's cell membrane into the cell.
These intestinal lining cells can then either store the iron as
  ferritin, which is accomplished by Fe3+ binding to apoferritin (in
  which case the iron will leave the body when the cell dies and is
  sloughed off into feces), or the cell can release it into the body via
  the only known iron exporter in mammals, ferroportin.
Hephaestin, a ferroxidase that can oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+ and is found
  mainly in the small intestine, helps ferroportin transfer iron across
  the basolateral end of the intestine cells. In contrast, ferroportin
  is post-translationally repressed by hepcidin, a 25-amino acid peptide
  hormone.
The body regulates iron levels by regulating each of these steps. For
  instance, enterocytes synthesize more Dcytb, DMT1 and ferroportin in
  response to iron deficiency anemia.[10] Iron absorption from diet is
  enhanced in the presence of vitamin C and diminished by excess
  calcium, zinc, or manganese.
Comment: Enzyms have specificity, a lock and key method, a preferential fit method. The DNA keeps information on millions of external constructs, it is only a code, so it can code anything, not only mineral specific enzymes, it can code about 146 heptillion different enzymes, which change randomly and are selected by evolution or equivalent purpose(for enzymes). If the enzymes are randomly generated to begin with, the coding/cell memory structure doesn't need to have a "reference" copy of the mineral. it's quite a complicated deep theory, you can embark on readings about enzyme specificity/history.
Comment: By the way, nobody knows the precise science of enzyme binding and evolution, it's one of the most complex things in biology. you can learn lots of theories, dozens of well written research, about enzyme binding and evolution, for example here: http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/125/1/54 there's another website with all 10,000 or so enzymes known to science, and apparently 75k enzymes are expected in the human body, and a lot more proteins. So, in computing there is no parallel, and computers are good at simple biomimicry, but advanced copying of nature is generally too disorderly for pc's.
Comment: The fundamental question is, how can an element be "recognized" without any sample to compare it to? How are proteins able to bind iron from among any number of things that might be encountered?


Node ID is not appearing

Question: I am working on creating a view based on nid in Drupal 8.  I cannot find node id or nid listed - I see Entity id. I am trying to set up a contextual filter so only certain node fields (node type B) will show up when node type B's relationship field matches the node alias of node type A.
(I am looking at https://www.drupal.org/node/1841004, but the terminology is different for Drupal 8.)
Answer: Turns out nid in Drupal 8 is now listed as ID - and it is listed liked this:
Title - ID and Category - content.  It appears on the view as Content: ID. I put this in Fields and made it hidden.  I added a relationship to my other content type.  Then for contextual filter I used the Content:ID with the relationship. Under When filter is not available, I picked Provide default value: Content ID from URL. And then the view worked.

Node ID is not appearing


Can I use this hose with my air compressor?

Question: I have the below compressor, and would like to use it for pumping my bike.
Does the below hose and gun work with it?
And what is the metal button at the end of the gun for?
Answer: If the metal button that you refer to is this one:

Best guess is that you press this when engaging the end of the gun onto and when disengaging the gun from the valve stem. When the gun is fully pressed onto the valve stem letting go of this button helps clamp the tip of the gun onto the threaded end of the valve stem.
Again this is an educated guess because I've not seen your gun first hand. You could probably look at the tip of the gun assembly and toggle the metal tab back and forth and see right away what it does.
Edit
In looking more closely at your picture it appears that the tip of the gun can have various ends slid into it and this lever is designed to hold the tip in place. Pressing the tab (button) releases the catch and allows removal of the tip.
When I refer to the tips I mean one of these from the kit:
Comment: On my blowgun, the tips screw in....
Answer: I'm not sure what kind of fitting your compressor has. If it takes a screw-in hose, the kit you show will work with it. If it takes a standard snap-in hose, you'd need the appropriate adapter (probably available from the same place you found the nozzle). If it takes some other connector, you'll need the appropriate adapter for that.
As far as bicycle goes: It looks like the middle tip is for a Schrader-style valve, so probably, though if your tires have Presta-style valves you'll need a Schrader-to-Presta adapter. If not, bicycle/car inflation nozzles are available cheaply online or from places like Harbor Freight, and for only a few more dollars from stores which sell automotive tools. (Who will also have the standard adapters.)
Can't tell from the photo what the piece you pointed to is for. It may be an escape valve that you can trip to let a bit of air back out of the tire if you overshoot your intended pressure. It may be something completely different.
Quick observation: That small compressor isn't good for much more than inflating tires and the like. Don't expect it to drive a paint sprayer or nail gun or any other air-powered tool.


Meaning of 'of other'

Question: I came across a paragraph in which, I'm not sure about the usage of 'other.'

It was obvious that there was a vast unknown region all around us, and science, with its magnificent achievements, knew little enough about it, though it was making tentative approaches in that direction. Probably also, the normal methods of science, its dealings with the visible world and the processes of life, were not wholly adapted to the physical, the artistic, the spiritual, and other elements of the invisible world. Life does not consist entirely of what we see and hear and feel, the visible world which is undergoing change in time and space; it is continually touching an invisible world of other, and possibly more stable or equally changeable elements, and no thinking person can ignore this invisible world.

Is this can be parsed the following way?
...invisible world of other more stable and equally unchangeable elements. But  and possibly more stable or equally changeable elements, is a defining clause.
Answer:
Life is continually touching an invisible world of other, and possibly more stable or equally changeable elements, and no thinking person can ignore this invisible world.

I would parse the meaning thus:

Life is continually touching an invisible world of other elements. These elements are possibly more stable or they might be equally changeable. No thinking person can ignore this invisible world.

Meaning of 'of other'


Attribute efficiently learning the relevant attributes of juntas with membership queries

Question: Can the relevant attributes of k-juntas be learned attribute efficiently given a membership query oracle? What's the best known lower bound for this problem?
Answer: Juntas can be tested in an attribute efficient manner given a membership query oracle: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~eblais/papers/TestingJuntas.pdf Testing is an easier problem than learning, and the attribute efficient result is relatively recent. This might be a good place to start poking around.
Incidentally, the hard part about learning juntas is just identifying the set of $k$ relevant variables. Once that is done, you can learn the junta through exhaustive querying with $2^k$ queries (which might be "attribute efficient" since it is independent of $n$. In any case, you can't hope to do much better since the function can be arbitrary on these $k$ bits...). The testing algorithm linked to seems to work by trying to identify relevant variables, so it might solve your problem if you go through the details.
Comment: Thanks for the link. In the event that the function is a junta, the algorithm provided can, if I'm reading the paper right, be used to eliminate the majority of irrelevant attributes. So it probably wouldn't come as much of a surprise if someone harnessed this feature to show that the repeated application of the algorithm allows the relevant attributes of juntas to be learned attribute efficiently. Is there something to this, or am I way off?
Comment: Yes. It makes sense: With ~ $2^k$ random queries, you can identify $k$ pairs of inputs $x,y$ for which $f(x) \neq f(y)$ and each of the k relevant variables is pivotal. By interpolating between them with binary search, you can find the relevant variable pivotal for each pair with log(n) queries. Once you find the relevant variables, you can learn the function with another $2^k$ queries, for a total of poly$(2^k, \log(n))$ queries. It shouldn't be hard to argue that poly$(k, \log(n))$ is impossible since the junta can be arbitrary.
Comment: If I understand you correctly, showing that juntas can be learned in $poly (2^k, \log n)$ queries is relatively straightforward. Any idea why no one has formally connected the dots?
Comment: @KekiBurjorjee Quite a bit later... see e.g. Section 2.3 of these [lecture notes](http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~rocco/Teaching/S14/Scribe/lectures_full.pdf).
Answer: According to [MOS04] (Section 5.2), the class of $k$-juntas over $\{-1,1\}^n$ can be learnt with membership queries in time $\operatorname{poly}(2^k, n)$ — cf. also footnote 8 of [BL97], p. 17.
Edit: as pointed out in the comment, this is probably not what you were looking for (in terms of attribute-efficiency).
Comment: I don't think this is attribute-efficient.  I imagine attribute efficient learning of juntas would require bounds of poly$(k,\log n)$ on the number of queries/examples used..
Comment: I think you're right — I realized that I wasn't addressing the "attribute efficiency" part of the question at all.


Bitcoin Block Size - What are the rules?

Question: What is the maximum size a block can be?
Is there a minimum size?
Can you have a block with 0 transactions included?
Answer: The current maximum block size is 1MB (but it could be increased in the future with a protocol change), there is no minimum size per se, but the block needs to have all its components to be valid (check Protocol Specification). Each block needs to have at least one transaction - one paying the miner the reward for mining the block.
Comment: 1MB is sufficient for roughly 2400 transactions (or 4tps).  The exact size of an individual transaction depends on the number of in/out addresses.  Over the last 1000 blocks, block size has averaged 17KB with 40 transactions putting average transaction at ~420 bytes each.  The protocol can support larger block sizes.
Comment: @Thilo Mining (better term is hashing) never stops.  Hashing blocks into the block chain is required part of Bitcoin network.  The "end game" goal of Bitcoin is for transaction fees to pay for the cost of the network.  Currently fees are insufficient so miners get a block reward which is essentially a subsidy. Those subsidies will slowly decline and be replaced with transaction fees.  There is always a coinbase transaction (reward + fees).  As ThePiachu pointed out if the block reward & fees are 0 that transactions still exists and simply be 0 BTC sent to the miner.
Comment: "Each block needs to have at least one transaction - one paying the miner the reward for mining the block.". How does that work once mining has stopped? Of course, that is still a while off...
Comment: When the mining stops, there won't be blocks to generate;). Mining won't stop, due to the transaction fees and what nots. I'm guessing that over 150 years from now, when new coins won't be created any more, and on an odd block that won't have any fees, the first transaction will be sending 0 coins to yourself.
Answer: Since the segwit upgrade, Bitcoin blocks are restricted to 4,000,000 weight units. Witness data counts towards that limit 1:1 (one byte is one weight unit), while non-witness data counts towards that limit 1:4 (one byte is four weight units).
While theoretically a block could therefore be up to 4,000,000 bytes if it consisted only of witness data, there are a few parts of transactions that are never witness data. Many blocks now exceed 1 MB with the average blocksize being around 1.3 MB these days (end of 2022). The biggest block so far was 748,918 with 2,765,062 B.
As ThePiachu explained, every block must have at least the coinbase transaction to be valid.
Update in November 2023:
Since May 2023, the average block size has been around 1.65–1.7 MB. The biggest block so far was 786,501 with 3,978,938 bytes.
You can find a chart of average block sizes on transactionfee.info.


Can the complement of an unrecognizable language be a recognizable language?

Question: I know that complement of a language that is recursively enumerable, but not recursive, is definitely not recursively enumerable (or unrecognizable). So my question is what can be said about the complement of an unrecognizable language?
Answer: Sure: the Halting language (sometimes called $K$) is recursively enumerable whereas its complement ($\overline{K}$) is famously not.
Generally speaking, the existence of such languages follows from the implication you state -- the complement of enumerable yet undecidable languages can not be enumerable -- by the existence of precisely enumerable yet undecidable languages.
That said, there are also non-enumerable languages whose complement isn't either.


What are some methods that tournaments use to limit draws?

Question: There has been a rising faction of chess players who believe that professional chess is too drawish. What are some ways that tournaments fight against the prevalence of draws?
Comment: but should they limit draws.  that distorts  the game and totally changes the essence of chess.
Answer: The problem with chess having a large number of draws cannot itself be solved - it is simply a result of the defensive possibilities in many systems and the fact that high-level play reduces the number of losses due to simple mistakes. Without a fundamental change to the rules of chess this is not likely to change.
There have been several measures to prevent top players from agreeing to draws before the positions are completely played out, which I'll mention below. One thing to keep in mind, however, is that draws by agreement are often used by players in long tournaments as a way of preventing fatigue or simply playing on in dead positions until someone makes a mistake, and it's up for debate whether forcing/encouraging play in such conditions makes for chess that is more interesting or of better quality, or if it detracts from the events in which those rules are used.
The most commonly talked about variant is what are known as 'Sofia rules' (introduced in a tournament at Sofia in 2005), which states that no draws can be agreed before the position itself becomes a theoretical draw, though this assumes that the arbiter is theoretically competent enough to realise that the drawn position is a draw, and doesn't stop the players deliberately trading down into such a position.
The main other option that has been suggested is to provide more points for a win than for a draw, thereby hopefully making the players want to push for a win as a win and a loss is still worth more points than two wins. There has been some discussion that this is unfair to players in hard-fought draws, however.
I'll also link you to this wikipedia article, which lists some other things that have been suggested over the years.
Answer: Yep. Mark Dvoretsky's proposal (that eventually became "Sofia rules") and doing things like borrowing other sports use of 3 points for a win and 1 point for a draw (the essential property being needing more than 2 draws to equal one win) have all been tried (including one rather complex system involving giving different points for draws with white and black). Other proposals that have not been tried involve making changes to the rules of chess itself, such as making stalemate into either a loss (for the side being stalemated) or making it count as something less than a draw.
Ironically, one that saw a great deal of success was tried and later discarded in the 19th century. The essence of the rule was that in the event of a draw, the players would reset the pieces and play another game, because a decisive result was required before their encounter could end. As defensive technique improves, this becomes onerous if the same time control is employed, hence today's match tie-breakers of constantly descending time controls. I've often wondered what would happen if a one-round-per-day tournament today used that technique: In the event of a draw, reset the pieces and play g/30, then g/15. then g/10, etc., until a decisive result is achieved.
Comment: What about resetting the board but not the clock (stop the clock for both players while the board is actually being reset)?  So if two players would consistently draw while playing competently, but one is faster, the slower player would be subject to time pressure long before the faster one, thus increasing the likelihood of making less-than-optimal play.


How can I get the security token?

Question: I'm trying to get the token security token with a profile for integration (custom profile) and with profile admin (view all) and I can not access the option to reset. I try go to "My personal information" -> "Reset My security" but this option not is available
Where can I get it?
Thank you
Answer: Please select 'My Settings' from your name menu displayed on top of the page at right-side.

Now, on left side panel, click on 'Personal' and then 'Reset My Security Token' from expanded menu. And finally click 'Reset Security Token' button.

If you still don't see this option listed then please refer this Knowledge Article for further help: https://help.salesforce.com/articleView?id=000182450&type=1
Comment: Ooo I have "Login IP Ranges". According to that documentation, having Login IP Ranges I can not get the TOKEN. How strange, in other projects I had token and IP Ranges established. Ok, it will have changed. Thank you

How can I get the security token?


CAN Controller + PIC32

Question: I have been trying to design a functional board which combines the hardware of the Elecrow Arduino Uno CAN bus shield with a microcontroller board, which functions like an Arduino except with different hardware. This design can be programmed, with the appropriate software drivers for the Arduino IDE, but it skips over all of the CAN stuff.
This picture shows the connections between the PIC32 and the MCP2515 CAN controller.

Ignore everything in the image except the connections that exist between the CAN controller and the PIC32. I have probed some of the serial lines between the two chips and found that there is no clock signal. As such, there is no way the SPI module can be working, except how does the Arduino code run?
void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (CAN_OK != CAN.begin(CAN_500KBPS))
  {
    Serial.println("CAN BUS Shield init fail");
    Serial.println("Init CAN BUS Shield again");
    delay(100);
  }

  Serial.println("CAN BUS Shield init ok!");
}

Above is just a snippet of the code used to initialize the CAN bus in the Arduino IDE. When the CS bit is set to anything other than 10, the program will just loop through the while loop, wherein it complains that the CAN bus has failed to initialize. In the alternative case, it will simply skip over all the CAN commands as if they weren't in the code and everything else in the program runs fine.
So as mentioned, I found there was no serial communication between this chip and the controller. In fact, the program switches on globes connected to FET switch circuits when it senses ground at the analog ports. When this occurs, there is a sudden random surge on the clock line, but how can this be possible unless the chip is broken? I said to somebody before that if the SPI module was damaged, wouldn't the entire chip not work? Please note that the text "CAN bus init OK!" does not appear in the serial monitor, when the PCB is connected via USB.
My next line of reasoning was that perhaps I needed to change the baud rate to match that of the SPI module of the PIC32. It doesn't matter what I change it to, the CAN bus does not initialize. Another engineer looked at the design and noticed that by connecting the MCP2515 to 5 V would cause the crossover voltage on the ports to have a VIH too high for the chip to function. This pin was disconnected and connected to 3.3 V which should fix part of the problems I was having, but this serial communications problem remains unsolved.
If anyone has any useful hints or experience in this area and could shed some light on it, I'd appreciate it greatly.
Comment: Using external CAN controllers is a thing of the past. This is how we designed CAN 20 years ago. Is there a reason why you picked such a painful route, instead of picking a MCU from this millennium with CAN controller on-chip?
Comment: What is `CAN.begin(CAN_500KBPS)`?
Answer: You should have something more in the line of the following.
if(CAN0.begin(MCP_ANY, CAN_500KBPS, MCP_16MHZ) == CAN_OK)

Surely you should also set up your interrupt pins and your SPI connection to the MCP2515.
Comment: I'll give it a shot.

CAN Controller + PIC32


Is olfaction same among different individuals?

Question: For instance if I smell the fragrance of a rose, well it smells like roses (little bit sweet).  But is that smell the same for other people?
Because we also have different voices, why not have different olfaction.
Comment: The substance that you smell is very likely the same as other people (the smell receptor on the nose react to the same chemical), however how your brain reacts to a certain smell is very likely different to other people - so the perceived smell can also be different
Comment: @Nicolai thank you! Can you move your comment to the awnser box so I can accept is as an awsner?
Answer: Humans generally have the same set up of olfactory receptors, since they are encoded by genes (there likely are minor differences between people, since there are a lot of these genes). Therefore chemically or physically  all humans can smell the same substances.
However, how a smell is perceived depends also a lot on how the brain reacts to a certain smell (or rather the activation of certain olfactory neurons). Therefore individual people can perceive the same chemical substance a different way - how different depends probably strongly on previous experiences.
Answer: Humans actually have a wide diversity in the range of odors they can detect. [1],[2] The variations are dependent on a number of factors, including age, sex, pregnancy, training, and individual genetics. [3],[4],[5],[6]
A significant source of genetic variation in olfactory function between individuals comes from the fact that quite a few chemical-sensing genes have in recent evolutionary times become defective in some gene variants while remaining functional in others.  An individual's inheritance of a particular combination of functional and nonfunctional olfactory receptor genes gives the individual an personalized combination of smelling sensitivities. [1]
[1] Menashe, I., Man, O., Lancet, D. and Gilad, Y., 2003. Different noses for different people. Nature genetics, 34(2), p.143. PDF
[2] David G. Laing, Richard L. Doty, Winrich Breipohl, eds., The Human Sense of Smell, Springer Science & Business Media, 2012, p. 312.  Image
[3] Odor - Wikipedia
[4] A.B. Marin  T.E. Acree  J. Barnard, Variation in odor detection thresholds determined by charm analysis, Chem Senses (1988) 13 (3): 435-444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/13.3.435
[5] Darren W. Logan, Do you smell what I smell? Genetic variation in olfactory perception.,
Biochem Soc Trans. 2014 Aug; 42(4): 861–865. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20140052
[6] Simon Makin, Sense of smell has a genetic flavour, New Scientist


What's the name of this opening for white?

Question:
What's the name of this structure after white castling ?
Comment: Could you explain the move order?
Answer: This is generally known as the Glek System. It looks like Nc3 and Nf6 were omitted.
One of White's general plans is to play d3 and Be3 hoping for the trade to open the f-file, and also to play Nf3-h4-f5. .
Answer: i played black with this against an expert
he started with p-kn3
shredder says it is the benko opening 1)p-kn3
so whatever that move is called would be it
although it may have transposed to something else which would also be a proper name for it
that was one of my best wins
i sacked a rook for knight an a pawn in a semi-closed position and got an advantage in the center while his rooks were not doing much while my extra bishop guarded key squares
p-kn3    p-k4
b-n2     b-b4
p-k4     p-q3
0-0
not sure which order i played the knights
but that was essentially our opening position
Comment: Is there any relevant information here regarding the question asked? It just seems like boasting, to be honest.


Apache solr with rules module, on refresh, rule viewing node triggers it in search page

Question: I'm building a site in free Acquia cloud env with apache solr running, I need to count when a node (for one content type) is being full displayed, that's already working fine, but every time I refresh results page (viewing only teasers), it triggers not once, twice in all nodes within the content type, so my node full displayed count is not correct, Rules only option is 'when node is being viewed' and not 'node being displayed', I have to mention that this count field is to set solr sort results with a custom module (already working), any suggestions please?
Answer: I struggled with a similar question ... The "clue" about what "Content is viewed" actually means, seems to be like so:

The event Content is viewed is what it is: the user has (already) started viewing the content.
The (system) event Drupal is initializing is what you should use instead (possible combined with other Events and/or Actions), if you want to trigger some Rules "Action(s)" BEFORE the user can start viewing (= looking at) the content.

For more details, and a working sample (in Rules 'export format'), refer to
How to specify a Rules event like "Content is 'going to be' viewed"?
So in your case, it'd be interesting to find out what result you'd get by using (system) event Drupal is initializing instead ... definitely worth a try I think ...
Be aware: this applies to D7 ... and D6 is another story.


Should we ask for the 3 votes to close-reopen feature?

Question: I have read this meta post that say some sites are testing 3-votes to close and reopen feature.
In my opinion moderators should ask to include us in those sites. My reason is there are not enough reviewers in the site daily. For example it was hard to me to movilize users to close and delete the identify-my-rock questions.
It is even more clear 3 votes to reopen would be accurated. I have seen how many questions marked to reopen were never opened after an edit. For example we loosed some on-topic identify-my-fossil questions because the proposals to reopen them were not seconded by the reviewers (and they were deleted by inertia when we were deleting all questions with identify-my-rock tag).
Answer: No. There's not enough community members that want this.


Eye Limit Rotation

Question: I am having trouble with limiting the rotations for my eye lids. when my head is straight up and down the eye lids work perfectly but when I rotate the head the limit rotation on the eyes does not rotate with the head. I am at a loss for how to adjust this. Any help would be great! The first image is the head rotation but not the eye lid rotation. the other image shows the eye rig.
Answer: After much googling I managed to find a thread that helped. I had tried limiting according to the Local Space but I didn't realize that I would have to adjust the values again and saw this as it not working. This link helped. and now I figured it out by re-adjusting the the values and just limiting the rotations.
How to lock elbow rotation (forward kinematics)

Eye Limit Rotation


What are the original settings for Ayatana blacklist in Loki? 2 wifi icons

Question: I wanted to make steam icon visible on system tray, so I edited /etc/wingpanel.d/ayatana.blacklist and I accidentally deleted all of the blacklist names instead of only steam. So the outcome is that now I have two wifi icons on the tray and I wanna get rid of the other one. Could you please tell me what were the original names there? Thank you!
Comment: That is funny "ayatana",  While I do not know what ayatana.blacklist would do, it is a Buddhist term for for eye base, ear base, etc.  So I would imagine it is some type of blocker for things that can "interrupt".  Seems like the designers are Buddhist and Theravada too.
Answer: This file is in the elementary-default-settings package:
$ dpkg -S /etc/wingpanel.d/ayatana.blacklist
elementary-default-settings: /etc/wingpanel.d/ayatana.blacklist

You can download it and extract its contents
$ sudo apt-get --download-only --reinstall elementary-default-settings
$ dpkg --vextract /var/cache/apt/archives/elementary-default-settings*.deb /tmp

And now you check the contents of the file, overwrite the old one, etc. at /tmp/etc/wingpanel.d/ayatana.blacklist


Can any crankset be used?

Question: I have a road bike (2013 Schwinn Tourist) with a sealed bottom bracket (107mm spacing) with a square taper and triple chainwheel (48, 38, 28) assembly that is one of the inexpensive riveted types.   I want to upgrade to a crankset that has replaceable chainwheels.  Can I use any crankset of my choice?  If not, what are my choices?
Comment: You'll probably end up spending more than the bike is worth for a quality new(ish) crankset and bottom bracket plus the installation cost if you aren't planning on doing it yourself. It might not be worth it.
Comment: In theory, you shouldn't mix ISO and JIS. In practice, you can mix them fairly safely with modern bottom brackets (but you will need to do a few mm spindle length adjustment for chainline). This is a fancy BSO -- I'd suggest just leaving it alone and riding it with necessary upkeep or selling it and buying a better bike which is more worthy of upgrading. It won't be cost effective to do things like this (plus, I doubt you've worn out the chainrings already significantly, so why switch?).
Comment: What kind of bottom bracket it is? Square taper? You need to match it to the crankset.
Comment: If you are keeping your bottom bracket, you need to be careful as there are [two standards](http://sheldonbrown.com/bbtaper.html) for square tapper spindles. They are not completely cross compatible and can result in a damaged the crank if mixed up.
Comment: Its great that you're showing a mechanical interest in your ride.  But this is a cheap chain store brand/model and the parts alone could cost as much as your bike did new.  If you find parts cheap off a donor then it becomes more viable.  Search around and see if you have a local bike cooperative nearby who may be able to help.
Answer: There are a number of factors to consider here as others have stated in comments, this upgrade may cost more that you are willing to pay given the cost of the bike originally. I'm going to assume you know that and answer as if you are going to do it regardless.
This bike is an 8 speed rear cassette, which controls the type of crank sets you can use without upgrading more parts. You will need an 8 speed crankset, to make sure your chain is compatible.
The BB is a "standard" 68mm threaded shell, which can be adapted to a variety of options for cranksets.
The SHIMANO M361 Hybrid crankset 48/38/28 tooth in square taper is an inexpensive and reasonably likely direct fit replacement.
It is impossible for me to judge the length of BB spindle required after you change the crankset, however, so you should be prepared for the need to change that also.
Depending on the offset of the chain rings on your original crankset, and the difference in offset on the new one, you may need to get a longer or shorter BB spindle to adjust  the chain line with the new crank.
The best way to do this is to measure from your seat tube to the center of the teeth on your middle chainring with your original crankset, and note the measurement.
Install the new crankset, and measure again. Note the difference. If the new measurement is larger, you need a BB with a spindle which is shorter by the difference in your measurements. If measurement is shorter you need a longer BB spindle.
Since this can't be checked ahead of time, you be to be prepared to have the bike non-functional while you get the new BB.
Then you need to readjust the shifting on the front derailleur to match the new crank.  This may require a new from derailleur cable and housing, or it may not.
This will cost a fair bit of time and work, and between $100-150 dollars. Whether that is justifiable on this bike is up to you, but it is approximately half the cost of the bike, not including labor.
I hope that is helpful.

Can any crankset be used?


SQL Server 2008 Transaction Log: Date/Time

Question: Need to roll back a delete query, so I'm sifting through the transaction logs without really knowing what the meanings of most of the headers are.
TO ME, it looks like Current LSN, and possibly Transaction ID MIGHT be date or time but in a different format?
The Current LSN looks like this : 00000e46:00000a4d:0002
The Transaction ID looks like this: 0000:0000da25
Would I be wrong in thinking this? If so, does anyone know how I would be able to view the time/date in sql server transaction logs using ONLY SQL Server.
Answer: You need to use ::fn_dblog
Now, I haven't tried using it myself but some usage is described here
Answer: If you want an easy approach, and don't mind paying, there is a commercial tool supporting SQL Server versions 2000, 2005, 2008, 2008 R2: ApexSQL Log


How would you call this

Question: So alongside my house they are building a building so they had to do some excavation and left a deep (hole?).
Im not sure if hole is the correct term and right now they are people there so i wasn't sure if saying "oh look there's people in the hole" is correct
Answer: As you indicated, I would call it an excavation:

a hole or hollow made by excavating.

So maybe:

Look, there are some people in the excavation.

Informally, you could also call it a "hole in the ground".
Answer: A hole is fine, though without context it could be man-made or otherwise.  So for clarity, I would simply add that it is a "hole for a building foundation".
Excavation would also be good as @user3169 mentions, though the first thing that comes to mind is a archeological dig, as in digging into the ground to uncover or reveal, which isn't quite the case here.  Still, it makes it clear that it is a man-made hole.

How would you call this


Is "neither I" grammatically correct?

Question: I'm just trying to figure out if "neither I" is grammatically correct as a standalone statment (in spoken English).
Comment: 'Nor I' is correct.
Answer: No, it is grammatically unacceptable.
Correct constructions using neither include:

Neither a nor b: This is the most common usage.

Neither Alaska nor Florida charges state income tax.

Neither noun: You can use this variant when it's clear what you are referring to.

I moved from Alaska to Florida this year.  Fortunately, neither state charges income tax.

Me neither: This may be close to what you had in mind.

"I don't like Brussels sprouts."
"Me neither."

Neither: This could be a one-word sentence.

"Do you prefer carrots or broccoli?"
"Neither."
Answer: As I said, I already heard "Neither I". If it would be grammaticaly incorrect indeed, this is the contraction for "Neither (do) I" where the verb is implicit like in : "he's faster than I" for than I am...
We also have :"Neither I nor Bruce could handle it" where a third part would also say : "Neither I" for "Nor I" or "me neither" or "me either I could not" BUT NOT "me either I could" to mean "could not" because with the negative "either" can't match here...
But we've worst like : He DO or "my baby just CARE for me" in the song...
Comment: This site is for learning English; we should model proper usage in our answers.

Is "neither I" grammatically correct?


Is it possible to use Apple Wireless keyboard with Android 4.2.2 tablet?

Question: I have a Kobo Arc 10HD and it runs on Android 4.2.2. I have successfully paired it with an Apple wireless keyboard but I still can't seem to use it. My virtual keyboard pops up and when I type on the Bluetooth keyboard nothing happens. Has anyone used a different keyboard that works? Is it even possible for me to use the Apple keyboard?
Comment: I remember using an Apple WK with an Asus Transformer tablet about a couple of years ago. I don't remember exactly which Android version it was, but it worked just fine.
Answer: If you're sure the keyboard is properly paired, have you tried using the excellent External Keyboard Helper Pro? I use it with a Microsoft Bluetooth keyboard, and it handles both switching to the external keyboard from the internal one (and back) when needed, but also little chores like nuking the caps lock key.


EF Core 1.0.0 chaining Where clauses

Question: I have a piece of code that I'm trying to port from EF6 to EF core (in an ASP.NET core 1.0 RTM project). It filters the patients table for all patients with a datetime between the  "Verpleegperiode" startdate and enddate and for example with a "Verpleegperiode" in the year 2015. (I used this in my EF6 project to create dynamic filters by adding Where clauses to the IQueryable object, to filter on name, birthdate, and these kind of filters)
The code:
var datetime = DateTime.Parse("5/7/2015");
var patients = _context.Patienten.Include(p => p.Dossiers).ThenInclude(d => d.DossierContact).ThenInclude(dc => dc.Verpleegperiodes)
  .Where(p =>
    p.Dossiers.Any(d =>
      d.DossierContact.Verpleegperiodes.Any(vp =>
         (!vp.BeginDatumUur.HasValue || vp.BeginDatumUur.Value <= datetime) &&
         (!vp.BeginDatumUur.HasValue || vp.EindDatumUur >= datetime))
  ))
  .Where(p =>
    p.Dossiers.Any(d => d.DossierContact == null ||
      d.DossierContact.Verpleegperiodes.Any(vp =>
        !vp.BeginDatumUur.HasValue || vp.BeginDatumUur.Value.Year.ToString() == "2015")
)).ToList();

This results in a query being called for each "Verpleegperiode" in each "Dossier's" "DossierContact". Since there are over 50000 records in each table, this keeps on going and never finishes the query (probably takes hours ...)
In EF6, this generated a query with both Where clauses in 1 and using joins and subqueries automatically created by EF6 and worked.
I am not sure that this is something that isn't finished in EF core, or that this is a fault in my code, which is why I ask this on SO before filing a bug on the EF core Github project.
Relationships defined in EF: Patient 1-to-many Dossiers, Dossier one-to-one DossierContact, DossierContact 1-to-many Verpleegperiodes.
Answer: Entity Framework Core working a little bite different then the old versions. In the past your query will be translated in one single big query but with Core the query can be divided into subqueries which is not a bad idea (big query with a lot of joins is very expensive on SQL Server).
There are some similar bugs in github to your bug but you have got it in more complicated form. In your query EF Core going crazy and joins totally in an inefficient way. The below given query is called XXXXXX times, you can check it out just use SQL Profiler or EF Profiler!
SELECT [vp3].[DateTime], [vp3].[PapierId]
FROM [SubPapiers] AS [vp3]

I hope that like those issues will be soon solved or you get a support from EF team just post all classes/entities in case.
Comment: I've filed it as a bug on the Github: https://github.com/aspnet/EntityFramework/issues/6448
Comment: @AppSum get the latest version and build it. Retry to reproduce the bug.  if the problem is really fixed then add your notes and check this answer.

EF Core 1.0.0 chaining Where clauses


Stalled mead fermentation

Question: I have a stalled cherry mead fermentation.This is my first attempt at brewing mead so am hoping I can get it going again.
I have used 3lbs honey to 2lbs cherries. My yeast is bulldog mead yeast and nutrient.
Everything seemed go fine according to the recipe until now. It has been fermenting for 12 days and has just stopped. I have checked with my hydrometer and get a reading of 0.996.
What should I do?
Answer: That sounds like it may have fermented out. What was your target FG?
Comment: I didn't have a target as this is my first attempt and just wanted to see how it goes. Now that I know the process a bit better I can do a bit more research and hopefully refine my brewing. Any advice would be helpful. Thanks.
Comment: For sweet mead use beer yeast for dry meads use a wine yeast. I would generally suggest adding your honey in stages over the first week, as all the honey at once can stress the yeast leading to by product formation which the requires longer maturation. Don't use blended honey as anything with Eucalyptus honey in tastes horrible. Hope that helps!
Comment: Many thanks for the advice. Will at doing this with my next batch.
Answer: Your mead likely won't read much more below 0.996, that is pretty well fermented. It may dry out a tiny bit over another few weeks, but depending on your alcohol content in the mead the readings can get a bit finicky that low so I wouldn't expect much movement.
Still, 12 days is not very much and it's pretty early to even really start taking readings on it. A few more weeks will do it good for conditioning, however it's likely ~98% fermented out.
Comment: Thank you for your answer. It just seems a bit quick for it to stop fermentation. I will leave it for a few more weeks and see how it is. Hopefully it will be OK. Thanks again.
Comment: I agree, that is pretty fast for a full fermentation of mead. I'm not familiar with bulldog yeast though, it's not common in the US. However I do hear it is a fairly aggressive strain.

Stalled mead fermentation


Is this phrase correct?

Question: "We are going to our houses?" (the house is not the same for both speakers)
I feel like there is something wrong with it. As if it's incomplete, or missing something..
Answer: It's a legitimate sentence, but it's not very idiomatic.  There is an English expression (and a song)

A house is not a home

meaning

A house is just a physical structure, while a home is lived-in (often by a family) and full of memories.

While it is fine to talk about going back to your house, it is more common when talking about your own house to refer to it as your home.  As Lambie suggests:

We are (all/both) going home.

Note that "home", as a physical structure, is countable:

Don't you boys have homes to go to?

but as a concept, it is uncountable.

You boys should all go home (each to your own, individual homes)
Home is where the heart is.

Is this phrase correct?


AFCI/GFCI Breakers Trip Intermittently/Simultaneously

Question: I have a 4 month-old house with a 200A Square D Homeline panel. There are AFCIs on some circuits, and others are AFCI/GFCI. I am having NO problem with the AFCI breakers. But here in the last several weeks, three of the AFCI/GFCI breakers in the panel have started tripping intermittently, usually with no load on them. One AFCI/GFCI serves a single dedicated 20A laundry room outlet, another is to the master bathroom, and the third one serves 2 - 20A outlets in the kitchen. Interestingly, these three breakers are connected to the same busbar in the panel at slots #12, #14, and #18.  The AFCI/GFCI breakers on the other busbar have no problem. The three breakers all trip simultaneously. I can reset them, then they can be just fine for a couple of days or a couple of hours before they trip again. This doesn't seem to be related to connected loads.  I can run tools and kitchen appliances without problems until some unknown event kicks all three breakers off. Could this be a problem on the power company's side of the electrical service?  Any and all advice appreciated!!
Comment: try switching them with the ones on the other bus-bar
Answer: The part where you said they all trip simultaneously and the fact they're all back-to-back makes me suspect of a bad buss bar.  Other than that there should not be any correlation between any of these isolated circuits.  It's plausible, but highly unlikely the manufacturer shipped out a bad case of breakers and the installer just happened to install them back-to-back but realistically not heard of.  Just replace or as Trevor mentioned in his comment swap the known good AFCI with known bad ones and check buss bar for burnt marks.  See what happens.
Answer: AFCI's are a tricky beast, and I had a similar issue with My house (purchased new in 2011).  I ended up having to replace both of the offending AFCI's, and have since not had any issues.
This might not be super helpful, and would be expensive to buy 3 to test, but my electrician spent alot of time and money (mine) to determine that my circuits were fine and my breakers (purchased at the same time) must be experiencing a similar manufacturing defect.
Comment: Are these three tripping AFCI/GFCI breakers the *only* breakers of that type on this 120 V  leg or are there others on the same leg which do *not* trip?
Comment: Hi Jim:  There are other breakers on the same 120V leg, both AFCI and conventional types. Those breakers are working fine.  Only the AFCI/GFCI combo breakers on that leg are tripping. I also have AFCI/GFCI breakers installed on the other leg, and they are working fine. The fact that all three trip at each event, regardless of whether something is plugged in or not, or whether power is being used or not, is the puzzling thing. I'm in a rural location where we experience a lot of power interruptions. Perhaps the incoming commercial power is the problem. Thanks for any ideas you might have.
Answer: I had the same problem recently. The problem turned out to be a solar system hooked to the same power transformer completely different service and building. You need to look for what is making the noise in that leg of the power it can be the range dryer or even from another service look something new that has recently been hooked to transformer good luck let us know.
Comment: Hi Brad - Thanks for the tip.  I don't have any power-generating equipment connected to the electrical service.  So, here's the latest update - I have (sort of) solved the problem. I pulled the AFCI/GFCI breaker out of the panel and replaced it with an AFCI-only type. I also replaced the standard outlet in the bathroom with a GFCI-type. I assume that this configuration is NEC compliant. That change has solved the problem with the false tripping on that particular circuit. The other two circuits with the AFCI/GFCI breakers continue to trip intermittently. What's up with that? Bad panel?


Middle name or two first names?

Question: Genealogy applications, such as geni.com (the web app that I use), ask me to fill the middle name of profiles that I add. My ancestors usually have two personal names, one of them even has four personal names, but I am not sure which one of them is the "middle". I am not sure what "middle name" means at all. Should I just leave the "middle name" blank, and put all the personal names under "first name"?
Comment: Welcome to G&FH.SE! To get an overview of the usage "middle name" in English, see the article in [Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_name).  The question is a bit broad because it may have a different answer depending on the software used, but I think it is useful to consider the advantages or disadvantages of both choices.
Comment: Is it http://www.geni.com/ that you are using?  If so, you can edit that into your question to clarify it by using the **edit** button beneath it.  Would you also be able to include the cultural group(s) that you are interested in because I suspect that this may influence the recommendations made too.
Answer: Most of my British ancestors have only one or no middle name which makes it easy i.e. I would leave the middle name field blank for those without one.
However, my 4th great grandmother (Louisa Dorothea Wedderburn Hope Moore) does have four personal names like your worst case so I will use her as an example of what I do in Ancestry.com which has two name fields:

First and Middle Name: Louisa Dorothea Wedderburn Hope
Surname: Moore

If I were using software with separate fields for First, Middle and Surnames then I would do:

First: Louisa
Middle Name(s): Dorothea Wedderburn Hope
Surname: Moore
Comment: @HavardMoe In this case she was known as Louisa Moore so a single first seems appropriate but you are right that there are times when British names can include two first names e.g. Mary Ann.
Comment: So you say that the "first name" field only includes a single name, and all other given names go to the "middle name"?
Comment: I think this depends on country and culture. Personally I'd consider registering multiple first names where the names are traditional first names (in the example above I think I'd go for "Louisa Dorothea" as first names and "Wedderburn Hope" as middle names), but it is hard to give any general rules.
Comment: @ErelSegalHalevi It depends on culture so I qualified my answer with the culture I know best.
Answer: You should write as the system gives you ability.
I'd propose the next conventions:

middle name only for patronyms. Such are usually used in countries with Cyrillic alphabet like Russia
if there is two or more first names - put them all into First Name field
if there is title like baron or graf (earl, count), please write BR/GR in Title field. Also DR for doctor here goes

Also please use "pseudonym" and "show as" fields for alternate spelling of names.
You may agree or use your own set of rules/conventions.
Of course, geni sucks in many meanings. It is not clue-oriented database, so it is difficult to express some things like:
- difference between "no name" at all and "unknown" name
- if one particular person NEVER had a couple (if you do not add one, somebody may think that the couple may exist).
- the same thing with dates
To be honest I don't know ANY good program or site for professional family tree growing...

Middle name or two first names?


Multiple platform development

Question: I was currently developing a desktop application in C# using mono and testing in SuSE and Windows. The concept doesn't matter much, but it is a "web lint" program that will scan a web site and return possible issues with security and/or cross browser compatibility.  However, I want to be able to offer binaries for multiple platforms.  Should I stay with Mono, or is there another platform that would give me a better availablility of platforms, such as on Macs, Windows, Linux, and others (possibly mobile platforms), and make it easier to port?
Answer: Well, your best bet always is to use a language that actually exists on all the platforms.  That usually means Java, I think, though even perl has flavours for mobile platforms (depending on the mobile platform in question).
I do most of my cross-platform work in C and perl, but there are some headaches with C (lots of #ifdef's), and perl may not be on a mobile platform you care about (yet).  You'll have to evaluate the languages/compilers/interpreters that are common to all the platforms you want to target and then choose from that list.  Without knowing the full list of such platforms, we'll have a hard time telling you what to use, though Java has enough buzz-wordness to likely be a strong candidate.
Answer: Iff you know C++, Qt will cover many platforms.
Answer: Just stick to the Mono, make sure that you have Gendarme code inspector (FxCop for Mono) checking your code for portability issues, and you should be fine.
Answer: C# and Mono is probably cross-platform enough for most desktop environments.  The trick will be the "mobile platform" requirement.
Mobile operating systems are wildly diverse and there's not a lot you can do to generalize.  Some have Java, like the Blackberry.  C# may get you onto Windows Mobile-based platforms.  iPhones do their own thing.  You pretty much have to pick a platform and target that.  That may end up informing your desktop platform choice.
Answer: Java will run on Windows, Linux and Macs. Should be easy to transition from C# - use Apache HTTPClient for grabbing the web content you are scanning, and the scanning code should be more or less the same. However the downside is requiring the user to have the Java runtime installed.
Python is another option - you can build stand-alone executables for Windows, and it comes with most Linux distributions by default, and also Mac OS X (citation needed ;) ). This is a lot less hassle for Windows users (language is compiled into the executable, no other downloads required).
If mono runs on Mac OS X then surely that is a good platform as well?
Answer: Why limit yourself to the traditional C#/Java? Have a look at Adobe AIR and Microsoft SilverLight
Answer: It really depends what you want to do. For web development, if HTML/JavaScript is enough then stick with it. If you need more advanced stuff I would use ASP.NET with Mono (what you probably did) since you already know that. (You can use Visual Studio here.)
Another option might be (since you are a C# developer) to use Silverlight. That gives you Windows and Mac platforms covered and hopefully Moonlight will cover Linxu platform later. (You can use Visual Studio and Expression Blend here.)
If you need desktop application then Java is probably the easiest since you already know C#. But if you know C/C++ try to take a look at wxWidgets for example.

Multiple platform development