Difference between science knowledge and religious knowledge

Question: Why would both educated and uneducated people believe that earthquakes are the wrath of God?
Comment: "Why" questions are difficult to fit into an SE. Can you make clearer some of the assumptions you're coming with and some of the methods of thinking about the question you are interested in (right now, you've got a  sociological/epistemology answer and a dogmatic answer). Do you want to understand this in terms of how epistemologists might look at? Or ... ? What sort of answer would satisfy this question?
Comment: related? http://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/14698/are-religious-assertions-as-authentic-as-scientific-ones/14699#14699
Comment: There are also a wide variety of what people mean by "earhtquakes are the wrath of God..." as two examples: (1) God caused the earthquake directly, (2) God allowed the earthquake to happen. Can you be more specific about what you mean in your question?
Comment: The difference between science knowledge and religious knowledge is that science knowledge is derived from belief supported by corroborable evidence, while religious knowledge is derived from faith (i.e. belief **without** evidence).
Answer: That's an extremely complicated question. It has to do with the functional aspect of religion, cognitive dissonance theory, and much more. A person could write a book on the topic.
But consider this:
Religion does have functional value, as addressed by various anthropologists, including the function of providing psychological comfort. Therefore rejecting one's religion can provide a great deal of emotional stress, even if there is evidence which contradicts a given belief. People will try to reconcile their beliefs with the outside world as best as they can while trying not to give up views in which they are strongly invested.
But there's more than that. While an educated person may consider a scientific explanation to the Earthquake itself, he may also consider the possibility that some kind of god was driving the process. This is not contradicted by any scientific evidence, although it is not supported by it either. Basically, any belief for which there is no known method of obtaining empirical evidence can sit alongside views supported by science, without any current possibility of one contradicting the other.
This belief may however reinforce beliefs which do contradict scientific evidence and a rejection of that belief may weaken the core religious belief.
For instance:
1) There is a god.
2) Bad things happen because god has decided that people have done something wrong.
Now if we have evidence that bad things happen for another reason, that can be seen as an attack against the core belief, and therefore a person may be willing to reject evidence against (2) in order to protect (1).
Answer: Difference between science knowledge and religious knowledge?
Scientific Knowledge: A set of models which may be used to explain and predict the the universe around us.  Includes the process necessary to verify and add to that body of knowledge.  Understanding the world around us, and the underlying rules which governs it, is paramount.
Religious Knowledge: Generally, the memorization, understanding, and strategies for adherence to a set of tenants and/or moral rules (usually) connected to the belief in a specific deity or enlightened being.  Belief that everything in the world is operating within a divine plan of some sort is typical.  This type of knowledge is often focused on how best best to remain in compliance with these tenants, and apply them to day-to-day existence.

Why would both educated and uneducated people believe that earthquakes are the wrath of God?
There is a negative correlation between intelligence/education and religious belief which suggests that educated people are less likely to believe Earthquakes are the wrath of God.  In this particular example, education would likely result in a better understanding of what causes Earthquakes, which removes the subconscious motivation to rely upon supernatural explanations to fill in for our own ignorance.

tl;dr - Scientific knowledge is concerned with how the world works now, and reliably predicting how it will operate in the future.  Religious knowledge assumes the existence of a some manner of greater being, and is focused on determining/acting according to it's will.  When we have reached the limits of our (current) scientific knowledge, people often rely upon Religious knowledge rather than saying, "I don't know."
Comment: I upvoted this because I didn't think it was fair for you to be penalized when the actual question and apparent question are different. The title asks what the difference between the two are. The actual question asks why, even with an apparent difference, do "educated" and "uneducated" people still hold religious beliefs.
Comment: I appreciate the upvote/comment.  I went ahead and modified my response to answer both questions.
Comment: Good point on the correlation discussion, although I personally disagree with the correlation for a variety of reasons. If I went into why, we would have to move to a "chat."
Answer: Because science and religion are not systems that can directly compete with each other.  It is only when we talk about certain things, like prediction in a specific situation, that we can say science is always superior.  For instance, we might be able to use psychological sciences to predict with high probability that a psychopath will torture an animal at some point in his life.  But a religious person is not interested in these kinds of empirical questions.  A religious person might be more interested in issues of divine justice, fairness and desert, guilt, ultimate meaning and purpose, and so forth.  We're talking philosophy, almost literature, versus science.  Different content, and requiring different methods.
Therefore there is no clear inconsistency in believing that earthquakes are caused by rocks breaking along the fault lines (or whatever the latest scientific theory is), versus him believing that the ultimate cause being God's wrath.  It's a question of motivation here, from an invisible being.  It's not something you can exactly test in a lab....


Unable to transfer ERC20 tokens from a contract

Question: I'm having trouble getting a solidity contract method to transfer ERC20 tokens from address A to B assuming B has called approve outside the contract and setup sufficient allowance for A. The allowance value prints fine inside the contract but the transferFrom fails. I'm missing something in how the ownership and signatures are set up. I do have a workaround where the same transferFrom works outside the contract but I'd like to do it inside.
I set up a sample repo with truffle tests and an issue to describe the problem further:
https://github.com/PulseBlockchain/oz-sample-app/issues/1
This is an excerpt from a larger project where I have a similar problem.
It looks similar to this question, ERC20 approve and transferFrom from a contract, except I'm doing approve outside and want the contract to just do transferFrom. It looks like there is a way to do transfer from a contract like this Open Zeppelin CrowdSale contract does and which I have working in my project. I like to be able to do either transfer or transferFrom from my own contract and like to better understand ownership and signature rules around it.
Answer: Problem solved thanks to debugging assistance from Gonçalo Sá. Here is the fix commit
tl;dr: you have to approve the allowance first to the address of the contract calling tranferFrom and then transfer the value to the final destination address.
Answer: You could be suffering from the batch overflow bug. https://medium.com/@TokPie/erc20-tokens-under-attack-from-new-batchoverflow-bug-while-tokpie-remains-safe-b59dd716d469


How early do you need to get to the station for a Eurostar service?

Question: Do you have to be at the station a certain time in advance for Eurostar services? Or can you just rock up a few minutes before and jump on, much as you might do with many other European high speed trains?
Answer: There is a minimum checkin time for Eurostar trains, which is generally
30 minutes before departure (see below for details), but it does vary.
Before listing the times, it's worth thinking a little bit about how
the Eurostar checkin process works, as that explains why it is as it is.
When you get to the station, you need to checkin with your ticket, either
using the automated ticket gates, or with one of the checkin counters
(normally only if you have a problem). The deadline is for going through
here. After that, there's normally a small queue (varies with the number of
services due out) before the security screening. You can take a lot more onto
the Eurostar than a plane,
but there are still some restrictions.
Your bags get x-ray'd, you go through a metal detector, then you queue up
again for the juxtaposed border controls. You show your passport, and clear
immigration for the country you're going to (either France of the UK, depending
on direction). After that, you're into the waiting area before boarding
(and frequent travellers can visit the lounge)
Boarding of Eurostar trains normally begins 20 minutes before departure, and
they tend to close the doors a minute or two before the scheduled departure
time so they can leave on time. For the ski trains, and summer Avignon service
to the south of France, boarding starts earlier, often 35 minutes before.
For most people, on most services, the minimum checkin time is 30 minutes
before departure.
If you're travelling on a Business Premier ticket (the really expensive ones),
or you have a Eurostar Carte Blanche frequent traveller card (lots of
journeys in a year), then the minumum checkin is 10 minutes before. However,
as you do still need to clear security and immigration, you're probably
going to have to run to the train, and there won't be time to go in the lounge
with only 10 minutes, so getting there earlier is probably advised, especially at busy times!
For the long distance services to Avignon and the Ski Trains, the minimum
checkin is 1 hour (60 minutes) before departure. Boarding starts earlier for
these, and most people have more luggage, so it all takes a bit longer hence
the extra time. Anyone with special travel needs
needs to get to the station 75 minutes before.
The minimum checkin enforcement varies a little bit. If it's quiet, you may
get away with 25 minutes, but that's about it. At a very quiet time, you can
clear security an immigration in about 5 minutes, but at busy times with
lots of queuing it'll take longer. At a busy time, they tend to be pretty
strict!
Comment: In my (slightly too extensive) experience, at normal times 15 minutes has been sufficient.  The staff are generally keen to move latecomers through quickly, and people on later trains are generally happy to let you queue jump.  No guarantees though, and 30 minutes is the official time.
Comment: link rot, now see https://www.eurostar.com/uk-en/travel-info/your-trip/check-in
Comment: Thanks @innisfree, hopefully all links updated to work again!


How to figure out if my engine is locked or the cam and crank shaft sensors need replaced on 02 Honda civic lx

Question: I have a 02 Honda civic lx my engine light had kept blinking on and off for a couple of days I knew it needed an oil change and had to wait until I got paid but I had my boyfriend check to make sure there was enough oil in it to male it he said it was thin but there was enough. While driving home my car seemed like it ran out of gas.put gas in it and the car wouldn't turn over I replaced the starter and still the car was clicking like it wanted to try and start but would not turn over checked battery, starter, ECT. My bf checked the oil again and it wasn't even reading on the dipstick and I have no oil leak. My bf thinks the engine is locked because the fly wheel won't turn could it just be a sensor
Comment: edit:  oops posted my answer here by mistake
Comment: Does the car have a manual or automatic gearbox?
Answer: Unfortunately it sounds like the engine has either partially or fully seized up.
Answer: Main point:  You should NEVER ignore a red light as that light is reserved for stuff that goes wrong with the car that can damage it irreparably.
secondary point:  There is no sensor that will stop the engine cranking.
Lesser point: The dipstick only reads two quarts maximum and that depends on the car.
It is possible for someone with the right tools to see if the engine is locked up.  You simply have to put a breaker-bar and socket on the main pulley and try to rotate the engine clockwise.  Ensure the car is in neutral for this.  If you are able to move it (and it takes a fair bit of strength) then the motor is not locked up.  This is a lot easier to do with the spark plugs out.
The lead-up to the stop gives me this opinion on what happened to your car (and i'm only about 50% sure so it may be something else)
1) "oil looked thin" "no oil leaks" "oil is missing" These three things make me think you have a broken ring.  Gas is leaking past the broken ring and mixing with the oil.  Now the oil becomes much thinner because it's mixed with gas.  It can then be burned during the running of the engine by slipping by the valve guides.  Remember this is conjecture.  This would explain loss of oil level.  Now, gas-laden oil is not good for lubricating, and oil in your car actually serves two purposes:  It lubricates and it keeps the lower-end of the motor cool.  So poor lubrication will cause the lower-end of the motor to eventually overheat, as well as doing major damage to every moving part in the engine.
Coupling this conjecture with "car slowed down like it was running out of gas" is exactly what happens when an engine overheats, and the low-end could be red hot but the thermostat wouldn't know it since it's in the radiator.  Maybe it's not seized, but the coincidences all line up to make it seem like it is.
Still, i would have a real mechanic look at it.  You could also get the "dying and won't crank now" just from a dead battery.


Queries regarding simulation of multi-tape turing machine using single tape turing machine

Question: I was going through the classic text "Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation"
by Jeffrey Ullman,John Hopcroft and Rajeev Motwani, where I came across the simulation of MULTI-TAPE turing machine using SINGLE-TAPE turing machine as follows.
Before the simulation the MULTI-TAPE turing machine is defined as follows:

A multitape TM is as suggested by Figure below. The device has a finite control (state), and some finite number of tapes. Each tape is divided into cells, and each cell can hold any symbol of the finite tape alphabet. As in the single-tape TM, the set of tape symbols includes a blank, and has a subset called the input symbols, of which the blank is not a member. The set of states includes an initial state and some accepting states. Initially:

The input, a finite sequence of input symbols, is placed on the first tape.
All other cells of all the tapes hold the blank.
The finite control is in the initial state.
The head of the first tape is at the left end of the input.
All other tape heads are at some arbitrary cell. Since tapes other than the first tape are completely blank, it does not matter where the head is placed initially all cells of these tapes "look" the same.

  Fig.1: A multitape TM

Now the simulation is as follows:

$Theorem$ $1$: Every language accepted by a multitape TM is recursively enumerable.
PROOF: The proof is suggested by $Fig.2$. Suppose language $L$ is accepted by a $k$-tape TM $M$ . We simulate $M$ with a one-tape TM $N$ whose tape we think of as having $2k$ tracks. Half these tracks hold the tapes of $M$ , and the other half of the tracks each hold only a single marker that indicates where the head for the corresponding tape of $M$ is currently located. We assume $k = 2$. The second and fourth tracks hold the contents of the first and second tapes of $M$ , track $1$ holds the position of the head of tape $1$, and track $3$ holds the position of the second tape head.

Fig.2: SIMULATION OF MULTI-TAPE TURING MACHINE USING SINGLE TAPE TURING MACHINE
To simulate a move of $M$ , $N$ 's head must visit the $k$ head markers. So that $N$ not get lost, it must remember how many head markers are to its left at all times that count is stored as a component of N 's finite control. After visiting each head marker and storing the scanned symbol in a component of its finite control, $N$ knows what tape symbols are being scanned by each of $M$ 's heads. $N$ also knows the state of $M$ , which it stores in $N$ 's own finite control. Thus, $N$ knows what move $M$ will make.
$N$ now revisits each of the head markers on its tape, changes the symbol in the track representing the corresponding tapes of $M$ , and moves the head markers left or right, if necessary. Finally, $N$ changes the state of $M$ as recorded in its own finite control. At this point, $N$ has simulated one move of $M$ .
We select as $N$ 's accepting states all those states that record $M$ 's state as one of the accepting states of $M$ . Thus, whenever the simulated $M$ accepts, $N$ also accepts, and $N$ does not accept otherwise.▄

My query is : In the first line of the last paragraph of $Theorem$ $1$ what does the author mean by-
We select as N's accepting states all those states that record M's state as one of the accepting states of M. I feel that it means -all those states of $N$ are marked as accepting states which simulates one of the many accepting states of $M$. I don't know, may be I am wrong, please correct if I am.
Then the author moves on to say,
Why one cannot store tape-head positions as integers in the finite control?
He says:

One could argue that after n moves, the TM can have tape head positions that must be within n positions of original head positions, and so the head only has to store integers up to n.
  The problem is that, while the positions are finite at any time, the complete set of positions possible at any time is infinite.

My query is as follows : When the author considers the question,Why one cannot store tape-head positions as integers in the finite control? He justifies it by saying that The problem is that, while the positions are finite at any time, the complete set of positions possible at any time is infinite. Now the position number is finite. Now as per me, number of moves is also finite,so on adding or subtracting a finite number(due to the moves) to the position, we get a finite number as position. But is it so that the infiniteness described above is due to the fact that we do not possibly know the maximum number of finite moves exactly.
The author then derives the time-complexity of operation of the simulation as:

$Theorem$ $2$: The time taken by the one-tape TM $N$ of previous theorem to simulate $n$ moves of the $k$-tape TM $M$ is $O(n^{2})$.
PROOF: After $n$ moves of $M$ , the tape head markers cannot have separated by more than $2n$ cells. Thus, if $N$ starts at the leftmost marker, it has to move no more than $2n$ cells right, to find all the head markers. It can then make an excursion leftward, changing the contents of the simulated tapes of $M$ , and moving head markers left or right as needed. Doing so requires no more than $2n$ moves left, plus at most $2k$ moves to reverse direction and write a marker $X$ in the cell to the right (in the case that a tape head of $M$ moves right). Thus, the number of moves by $N$ needed to simulate one of the first $n$ moves is no more than $4n + 2k$. Since $k$ is a constant, independent of the number of moves simulated, this number of moves is $O(n)$. To simulate $n$ moves requires no more than $n$ times this amount, or $O(n^{2})$.▄

Now my query is when the author is considering the derivation of the time complexity of the simulation he says that after $n$ moves of the MULTI-TAPE turing machine, the relative position of the head markers in the simulation is at most $2n$ (i.e. worst case). Now the tape-head markers are arbitrary distance apart before any move of the multi-tape TM. Let the distance be $d$. So after the said $n$ moves of the multi-tape turing machine, the left head marker can go at most $n$ cells left and the right head marker can go at most $n$ cells right. So the relative worst case distance is $2n+d$. Now in each move the relative distance is obviously upper bounded by the term $2n+d$ and then we do the later calculation. The way I am thinking I am getting an extra term $d$ , which is not considered by the author.
Comment: The questions are fine, but please start for every question a new question of this site instead of asking multiple in one question. You should also consider not to use capslock in the title (or anywhere) sinc ethis is harder to read and usually considered as "shouting".
Comment: why are people downvoting my question? please atleast comment as to what is the problem with my question, so that i can improve it. Don't just down-vote simply
Comment: ok i have changed the capslock heading. But the 3 queries which i had were very closely related so i have asked in the same question..
Answer: Let me answer the two later questions:
When simulating a concrete M, the number of tapes (or head markers) is a constant. Therefore I can afford to store the number of markers seen it in the state.
When starting the simulation, we simply call the cells on all the tapes where the head is standing as cell 0. Therefore, the initial distance is 0.


gdebi I click install package and it does nothing, just closes

Question: Using Elementary OS 5 Juno.
I have tried to install discord earlier and had the same problem, I download the .deb that supposedly should simply open the gdebi package installer, and it does, then I click install package and it closes without doing anything, I had to try for a few hours different things to get discord installed, now I am trying to install Visual Studio Code and I have the same issue, I download the .deb, click install package and the software is just like "thank you for clicking on install, I will just close without throwing any error nor any tips on why I refuse to install your package"
Comment: try `sudo apt install /path/to/any.deb` in terminal.
Comment: ~/Downloads$ sudo apt install code_1.29.1-1542309157_amd64.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package code_1.29.1-1542309157_amd64.deb
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'code_1.29.1-1542309157_amd64.deb'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'code_1.29.1-1542309157_amd64.deb'
Comment: gDebi still does not work well with ElementaryOS. They have an app in the store called Eddy that does this. https://appcenter.elementary.io/com.github.donadigo.eddy/
Comment: have you tried to run this from the directory: sudo gdebi code_1.29.1-1542309157_amd64.deb thats how i installed mine earlier today
Answer: I have managed to fix by doing
sudo apt install ./code_1.29.1-1542309157_amd64.deb

but I don't get what is the point of gdebi if it just can't install my packages.
Comment: Linux is the kernel, you have problems with your distribution called Elementary. (which is a small project and i don't recommend to use) So Linux, the kernel is very good at its own and doesn't require any improve. Report the bug for improve your distribution: https://www.reddit.com/r/elementaryos/comments/5810mb/rantplease_report_bugs/
Comment: I actually had the same problem with Ubuntu, so this is an Ubuntu problem apparently since Elementary is Ubuntu based, but my point is all distros are not beginner friendly, they all require some terminal usage which is why I prefer to be away from it. On my servers it is ok to use linux, I use CentOS on them, I have no choice but to use a terminal and that is perfectly fine, but on my personal computer I wish I could just do things without thinking...
Answer: sudo apt-get update may fix it
Answer: no. it doesnt. I can't figure it out. If you run it from the terminal- it works. You can get eddy from the app store and it will do the same thing... but it doesn't tell you what other packages it is fetching first which is one of the nicest parts of gDebi. :/


Waiting for my first titre de séjour, can i visit the USA (home country)

Question: and thank you for any responses. I am waiting for my family titre de séjour (first demand). Visa type d expired in two months ago. I need to visit the USA for family reasons. I did not get a récépissé. (Prefecture - Paris said they didn't have to). Can I leave France and return?
Comment: Good question.  My (very imperfect) understanding is that you can leave and return, but that technically constitutes abandonment of the application, necessitating a new application after you return.  I hope someone who knows more definitely than I do will post an answer.
Comment: There's something wrong : you should have got a récipissé as it's your first demand, this document is mandatory to stay legally in France (https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F15763) while your file is being examined.
Comment: So you had a visa D for when you arrived? I am assuming it's a "visa long séjour valant titre de séjour" for family reasons? Or was it a change of status? Have you already handed in the documents for the renewal or are you waiting for the appointment? And p.s. @Jean Rostan in theory (and legally) you are right but many prefectures (Paris included) do not always give out récépissés - for reasons that are beyond me.
Comment: Thank you all for your response. Well it's a type D Long Séjour Temporaire (dispense temporaire de carte de séjour). When I got it in NYC, they specifically, adamantly states that in order to renew, I must return to the USA. My status changed during my stay and now in the process of the application for my Tigre de séjour for family. My appointment in Paris came and went, they are reviewing the file. This was March 22 (last month). They told me they didn't have to give me a récépissé and the more we insisted, the more they stood firm. It depends on the person I think
Answer: Your additional comment explains a lot and thus I am writing this as an answer.
The visa that you got is a visa long séjour temporaire and not a "visa long séjour valant titre de séjour" or vls-ts, which I mentioned above in my comment. The original purpose of the visa notwithstanding (studies or otherwise) in this case, doesn't really matter. The consulate is right in the sense that your type of visa technically does not allow you to renew it in France. Only VLS-TS visas can be renewed in France (in theory).
Prefectures sometimes accept applications (on a discretionary basis) but they consider it a "favor" that they accepted to look at your change of status request even if they were under no obligation to accept it (sorry to say this, but based on several accounts from various sources, if you weren't American, I doubt they would've accepted your request). And oftentimes in cases like this, they don't give you a récépissé.
Thus, if you want to push through with the status change, I wouldn't recommend you leaving the country unless you decide to forgo the application. If you do leave and then come back, you would be admitted as a tourist (and not a temporary resident), would be subject to the 90/180 rule, and the prefecture could consider that you abandoned your application (like what @phoog said).
If that happens and you want to get the temporary family permit, the prefecture could ask you to leave the country and, as @phoog said in the fomment, re-apply for a new visa D for a different purpose (family visa for example, or something else).
One other option is to try to get what they call a "visa de retour préfectoral" (see here, in French: https://www.demarches.interieur.gouv.fr/particuliers/comment-revenir-france-sorti-espace-schengen) but I heard that they are notoriously quite hard to get and are often only provided for humanitarian considerations.  Also, given the type of visa you originally had, it's possible that they will tell you to just apply for a new visa at the consulate anyway.
Comment: Presumably another option would be to undertake the planned visit (to the US for family reasons) and apply for a new type-D visa during that trip; is that correct?
Comment: Indeed @phoog that is another option. I'll edit my answer to add that option.


Futures margin and physical delivery

Question: If I am long a future and opt to take physical delivery, do I need to pay only the difference between the futures price and total margin posted? E.g. If I buy a long contract worth 50000, and by expiry I have posted 2000 in initial margin and an additional 3000 in variation margin, do I need to pay only 45000 in order to take physical delivery?
Comment: Check the exchange rules on this. Depending on the commodity, you may pay a premium or a discount depending on the quality of the delivered commodity.
Comment: @barrycarter Since OP's margin account is presumably with a broker (rather than with an exchange), OP should probably check the details of the broker agreement.
Answer: The first thing to note here is that initial margin and variation margin are not accounting items.  In other words, your cash account with your broker has not been debited with these margin amounts.  Rather, your broker will segregate (within your account) any required margin moneys so that these amounts cannot be used to fund other trading or be withdrawn from the account.  At the time of the expiry of the contract these amounts are released from segregation. When taking delivery, the only debits that will have been posted in your cash account will be any commissions charged by your broker. (Futures commissions are normally paid on settlement.)
An odd thing about the example you are giving is that you are treating both the initial margin and the variation margin as being netted off the contract value.  This implies that you are showing a loss (negative variation) and therefore begs the question as to why you would wish to take delivery by paying a higher price than is available in the cash market.  Regardless, let's ignore this peculiarity.
Assuming your agreement with your broker allows you to exercise your right to take delivery, your broker will then facilitate your delivery.  As noted above, your account will not have be debited/credited with any margin requirements related to your previously open position but these margin amounts will now be released from segregation.  You will be required to pay the contracted amount (50,000), as well as a delivery fee, insurance, and warehousing fees.  You will be required to continue to pay insurance and warehousing fees so long as your holding of the underlying commodity is held in the exchanges designated warehouse.  If you wish to take delivery yourself by having the commodity removed from the warehouse and delivered to you personally, then you will need to arrange this delivery yourself.  Warehouse/delivery points obviously vary according the contract being exercised.  For example, the NYMEX Crude Oil contract has a single delivery point in Cushing Oklahoma, while the LME metal contracts have warehouses dotted around the world.

Futures margin and physical delivery


how to give a user a role?

Question: How possible give a user the 'adminstrator' role? for example I made a user with wp_insert_user(array(..., 'role' => 'Administrator') but it doesn't effect on role of user.
thanks.
Comment: Have you tried "Administrator" in all lower case? Please don't truncate your code to the bare minimum like that. If I wanted to throw that code into a dev stack and test it I couldn't. You don't need to post irrelevant code but try to post complete blocks of reasonably relevant code.
Comment: Oh thanks I found the problem i should have wrote it  'administrator' because in usermeta table it must be a:2:{s:13:"administrator";b:1;s:13:"bbp_keymaster";b:1;}
Answer:
or

/ NOTE: Of course change 3 to the appropriate user ID
$u = new WP_User( 3 );

// Remove role
$u->remove_role( 'subscriber' );

// Add role
$u->add_role( 'editor' );

Super Admin – somebody with access to the site network administration features and all other features. See the Create a Network article.
Administrator – somebody who has access to all the administration features within a single site.
Editor – somebody who can publish and manage posts including the posts of other users.
Author – somebody who can publish and manage their own posts.
Contributor – somebody who can write and manage their own posts but cannot publish them.
Subscriber – somebody who can only manage their profile.

how to give a user a role?


How is it that Golden Experience Requiem is the ONLY Sentient Stand that we seen and why haven't there been any others like Chariot Requiem?

Question: Basically Golden Experience Requiem (GER) is the only stand that is seen to talk by itself without the user talking through their stand(and no Star Platinum doesn't count because Jotaro uses it to talk to the user of Dark Blue Moon and the user of Strength and it wasn't Star Platinum being sentient). Chariot Requiem has no user and it's a Requiem evolution and yet it isn't sentient (or at least hasn't shown any). The closest thing we have to having a sentient stand after Part 5 is Part 6's White Snake. White Snake can move seperately from it's user and manifest in a certain range (20 meters). But Enrico still has to talk through his stand so I wouldn't count that. So back to the question; Are there any sentient stands other than GER? Could the lack of sentient stands after Part 5 be an "Araki forgot" moment or is it intentional? These things have been on my mind for a long time so thank you to whoever answers this question for me and please tell me if there are any sentient stands that I missed in any of the anime or manga.
Answer: Empress, Anubis, Echoes Act 3, Cheap Trick, Stray Cat, Spice Girl (temporarily), Foo Fighters, the green baby 'stand' and Yo Yo Ma, are sentient as they act not by the command of the user, or are the user themselves. You could argue SCR and Notorious B.I.G are sentient, but speechless. You could argue that High Priestess, Red Hot Chili Pepper, Osiris, Atum, Boy II Man, Bad Company, Harvest, The Lock, Marilyn Manson, and Ebony Devil are semi-sentient, as they aren't being strictly controlled by their user, and seem to have some sort of judgement of their own. Thoth, Burning Down the House,  Highway to Hell, Dragon's Dream, Rolling Stones and Superbug could also be considered sentient in the sense that the user does not control them.
I might have missed some stands still.
Disclaimer: I have not read part 7 and 8.
Comment: You could also argue shear heart attack is semi-sentient as it is deployed by Kira but not directly controlled it is more of an autonomous attack the nearest heat source kinda deal


Why do Indians(Hindus) follow God though most of them haven't read holy books like Geeta?

Question: Why do Indians(Hindus) follow God though most of them haven't read holy books like Geeta? I have seen them blindly following the god just because of religious reasons. Why so?
Comment: Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been [moved to chat](https://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/89141/discussion-on-question-by-pratik-c-joshi-why-do-indianshindus-follow-god-thoug).
Comment: @The Destroyer I like the way you did magic of moving all the comments into Chat! :) How did you do the magic ? :)
Answer: Why do most of the Indians (Hindus) eat rice though they haven't known how it is grown?
Why do most of the Indians (Hindus) drive car though they haven't taken a tour of the factory which explains how a car is manufactured?
If one answers this, they can easily understand your question also. It is not mandatory to read books to believe in God. Both are mutually exclusive.

Faith is a matter of belief that God exists. To believe there is a super power which helps us when we struggling. To believe that an entity exists when you are helpless.  He helps us when there is no one else to help you. Beliefs can form due to many reasons. There is no compulsion that one should read Bhagavad Gita or Ramayana or any other scripture. As you mention Indians, they tend to know about Hinduism and god culturally without reading any holy books. This is not a blind belief.
Most of the people in this world who believe in God perform prayer in one or the other way and ask god to solve their problems or ask for their welfare. You need not to be qualified or you have to study some holy book to ask God to request him to solve your problems. Reading book is only one of the many ways to realize the existence of God. Experiences that God exists and helping you is one of the main reasons one forms a belief. There is a story in Bhagavatam about an elephant which fought with a crocodile. It failed to rescue himself and started praying Lord Vishnu. Apparently, the elephant did not read Bhagavad Gita. It only knew that God exists and helps when there is problem. Following are some of the words that elephant says. (Taken from Potana Andhra Mahabhagavatam and English translation from wikimedia commons PDF.)

Evvaniche janinchu jagamevvani lopanundu leenamai
  evvaniyandundindu barameswarudevvadu mulakaranam
  bevvadanaadi madhyalayudevvadu sarvamudanainava
  devvadu vaninaathma bhavuneeswarune saranambu vededhan
By whom this world is created, by whom it is maintained, in whom it will be dissolved and who is the Lord of the creation and its root cause, who is the spectator of the beginning, being and  ending  of  these  worlds,  who  encompasses  everything,  who  is  self  sustaining  and sustainer of all, to that Lord, I pray for my rescue!
Lavokkintayu ledu dhairyamu vilolambayye branamulun
  tavul dappenu murchavachhe danuvun dassen sramambayyedin
  neeve tappa nitah paramberuga mannipandagun deenunin
  rave eeswara kavave varada samrakshinchu bhadratmaka
Oh Lord! I am not left with an iota of strength, my courage is shaken ,my life is in danger ,I lose my consciousness ,my body is tired, all my energy is spent, I feel fatigue, now, I don't know anything except  you, forgive me, I am totally helpless . Oh, Lord!  I request you, implore you to come and save me!
You are the embodiment of strength and Grace. You are the only refuge for my rescue
kalaDaMduru deenula yeDa
  kalaDaMduru bhakta yOgi gaNamula pAlaM
  galaDaMduranni diSalanu
  kalaDu kalaMDaneDu vaaDu kalaDO lEDO
Wise men say that He is available for the people in distress and favorable for saints and sages and He is present in all places and directions! I call upon such Lord to take pity on me but does he exist? If he exists why he is not coming to save me

Finally, Lord Vishnu arrived and saved the elephant. No discrimination was shown that it didn't read some book or it is an animal. Every creature is dear to him if it prays with love and affection.
These incidents are another reason people believe in God. This is not something which is formed due to no reason. We just don't know the strong reason for the belief when we observe it from outside and tend to term it as blind belief.
Comment: Just wait for experience. It is not right to say God doesn't exist just because we never saw him. He will be around us but we need to look through proper lens.
Comment: How can I believe God exists? I mean I haven't experienced it.
Comment: So did you see him?
Answer: God says in the Gita (Chapter 7, sloka 16):

..four classes of people of virtuous deeds adore Me: the afflicted, the seeker of Knowledge, the seeker of wealth[any material gain] and the man of Knowledge.(Translation by Swami Gambhirananda)

So He Himself makes it clear who worships Him and why.
Bhakti is the only thing that pleases Him. He never said that for following Him, reading of Gita or any other book is obligatory.
Answer: Knowledge of the holy books is not required to believe in God. Long before a Hindu child is able to read the scriptures, the customs and legends are inculcated in him by his family, parents and relatives. By the time he is old enough to use his knowledge and intelligence, his psyche has already been affected by all these.
Comment: Welcome to the site! Do cite authentic reference to back your view from scriptures! We recommend it on site.
Comment: @AkshayS This doesn't need a reference.


Mysterious battery drain

Question: My battery has dropped more than the sum of the usage by all of my apps.
Has anyone ever experienced this before, or know where the rest of my battery is going?

Click image for larger version
Answer:
Android depiction of battery consumption isn't very accurate- see How does Android calculate battery consumption by apps? and I am not aware how much it has improved with the latest version. Having said that, the discrepancy in battery percentage as shown is large and it could be due

a)  Inaccuracy of measurement
b)  Wakelocks (see  tag wakelock for more information)

Inaccurate measurement: To verify this try installing an app like GSam Battery Monitor which gives a more granular breakdown of battery consumption (I am not aware how it measures but in my experience is reliable). If your device is rooted , you could install the helper file of that app to get better results or use BetterBatteryStats, which by far is the best IMO (requires Xposed Framework- see tag xposed-framework for more details )
Wakelocks: can be a major culprit eating into your battery.  To start with, you could install Wakelock Detector- suggesting this as first step since it works on both rooted and unrooted devices (see here and here for more details on installing/ using the app). Once you identify the culprit, following options are available:
System App (rooted devices only):

You could freeze or uninstall using apps like Titanium backup (there is always a risk of doing so, unless you are sure that it is bloatware and doesn't affect)
Alternatively, limit the wakelocks without breaking functionality using Amplify Battery Extender -Root (requires Xposed Framework)

If your device is not rooted:
a) If it is a system app, there isn't anything you can do
b) If it is a user app, uninstall that app and look for alternate    apps     that don't drain the battery by wakelocks or use Greenify
c) Contact the developer and hope that he fixes the wakelock problem
Answer: First of all, find out the app which draining your battery from Blueren answer. And uninstall faulty app, but if you unable to find the app try these methods
1.)If you are trying any battery saver app than stop using that, because they cant stop any app to run in background. You can read this article, Revealing bitter truth of these apps
2.)Use Greenify instead, Greenify is one of the app which can stop any app to run in background. [PLAYSTORE]. Greenify work on Un-rooted device but with limited feature. If your device is rooted than you can use most of its feature. Check out this Techorfy article for more.
3.) Try another battery, your device battery can be faulty. Head to Customer care centre if your Device has user not-removable battery.
4.) None of them working, than Flash a new Stock ROM. You need a custom recovery, Stock ROM and a full detailed guide.
5.) 3G and 4G consume more battery specially if signal strength is low.
Answer: This could be for a plathora of reasons ranging from signal strength to wakelocks. Simplest thing you could do is reboot your phone and see if it still drains out the way it is now.
More often than not, it usually could happen based on the wakelocks present. A badly designed app may very well be a culprit.
If you want to investigate further, you can try installing this app called Better Battery Stats that is available on the play store.
There is a dedicated thread relating to this app on XDA

Mysterious battery drain


What is it called when a suspect is questioned without their lawyer?

Question: To elaborate, I know it is illegal for authorities to question a suspect when their lawyer isn't present. Is this a crime or just illegal? If it is a crime, what is it called?
Comment: Police question suspects all the time without a lawyer present, what is your basis for "knowing" that it is illegal?  (Watch NBC's "Dateline" sometime…)
Answer: united-states

"I know is it illegal for authorities to question a suspect when their lawyer isn't present"

This is not really true, at least in the US. The suspect must explicitly ask for a lawyer. Even saying "Maybe I should talk to a lawyer" (ie Davis v. U.S. (512 U.S. 453 (1994)) isn't enough, they have to say "I want a lawyer". Until they invoke the right, an officer can question all they want (provided they were informed of these rights, except for certain situations which are relatively complicated. See Miranda Rights).
So no, an officer questioning you without a lawyer is neither a crime nor illegal. Once you invoke your Miranda right though, they have to respect that.
With or without your lawyer, this is called interrogation. You can filter your responses through a lawyer, or waive your right to a lawyer and answer directly.
Comment: The OP should clarify if that's what they meant, it would change the context of the question.
Comment: "I want a Lawyer dog" also doesn't satisfy the demands. At least in [Lousiana](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-tebesfO3M) / and [LA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjGMpe-ZQjk)
Comment: I think the OP means the case where Miranda rights were invoked but the police proceeds interrogating before lawyer arrives anyway.
Comment: I believe most law enforcement agencies prefer the term *interview* over interrogation.
Answer: england-and-wales
I know it is illegal for authorities to question a suspect when their lawyer isn't present.
This is not really true, at least in England and Wales.
The right to free and independent legal advice (FILA) is defined by s.58 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE), but it is not an absolute right. It may be delayed - but not totally denied - under certain circumstances such as when a senior police officer reasonable believes that a consultation with a solicitor may, inadvertently or otherwise, lead to interfering with evidence, causing harm to others, tipping off other not yet arrested suspects, or hindering the recovery of property.
Similar criteria also apply when an "urgent interview" is necessary to secure time-critical evidence.
Any prosection evidence obtained unfairly by significant or substantial breaches of PACE may be excluded following a defence application under s.78 of PACE.
One example of when access to a solicitor was unfairly denied is the investigation in to the murder of Sian Callaghan.  In essence, the officer concerned did not have an "urgent" need to conduct an interview.
If it is a crime, what is it called?
Unfair denial to FILA is called a "Breach of PACE" which is not a crime in-and-of-itself although there is the possibility of, for example, perverting the course of justice or misconduct in a public office offences.
Comment: I'm assuming that no suspects can be forced to give police any evidence, you would still have the right to remain silent... right?
Comment: @NeilMeyer There are E&W laws that make it mandatory for a person (suspect or not) to answer questions and/or provide information and failure to co-operate is an offence. However, the laws state that their replies cannot be used against them unless the give provable lies etc. These are used, for example, to get information from a little fish in order to catch a bigger fish. If you post your comment as a question I'll endeavour to give a more detailed answer.
Answer: In the united-states, at least, there isn't a special term to capture this.
If the suspect has requested a lawyer, but the police continue questioning, you could call that a "Miranda violation," but tthat phrase could also refer to several other actions, such as failing to notify the suspect of his Miranda rights, or questioning him when he has not asked for a lawyer, but has invoked his right to remain silent.
Answer: In the United States, if someone who has requested a lawyer is questioned by police despite their desire not to do so, in violation of their Miranda rights under the 6th Amendment, this is a "civil rights violation".
There are several remedies for this civil rights violation.
It can trigger the exclusionary rule to exclude any statement obtained in that fashion from being used at trial against the person questioned. This happens routinely.
It can be a basis for a lawsuit against the interrogating officer for money damages for violating a well established constitutional right. This would be in the form of a 1983 action if the official is a state or local officer, and in the form of a common law Bivens action is the official is a federal official. This would be quite rare.
It could, in theory, also be the basis for a federal criminal prosecution of the interrogating officer for intentionally violating civil rights, although this would be almost unheard of unless the practice was pervasive.
A civil rights violation such as this would also provide a valid basis for disciplining or even firing the law enforcement officers for good cause. This also almost never happens.
Comment: Law enforcement are also forced to tell the truth to suspects when they ask question about there rights. It is literally the only thing they cannot lie about.


Can you find object distance using camera pose

Question: I have bounding boxes detected in RGB images, but no information about the camera's intrinsic properties. Using deep learning (preferably) can I find the distance to the object from the camera in real world (meters or cm)? If I find the camera pose (using PoseNet) does that help?
Comment: What exact information are you going to have available using PoseNet? Their cambridge project has a wide margin of error. Also, have you got anything in your image whose exact size you know?
Comment: MonoDepth was published last year which uses stereo images to train the depth estimator. You could use their pre-trained models to estimate the depth of your image, and then only care about the objects you detected: http://visual.cs.ucl.ac.uk/pubs/monoDepth/
Answer: Without going into detail, to answer your question, yes you can.  That is, the camera images do contain information about the distance of objects, but only in conjunction with information from the environment which is typically embedded in a model - for example a model about objects, how they appear and their sizes.
Essentially, it would have to work similar to how humans determine the distance to objects that are beyond the range where the separation of our eyes can utilize stereo cues.  That is, we estimate how far away a familiar object is using its apparent size.  If you see a car with a small apparent size, you assume it is far away because you know the typical size of a car.
This obviously requires an object recognition model that also provides actual size information that can be used in conjunction with your bounding-box apparent size to determine the distance.
Keep in mind that, not only will it only be as good as the object recognition model, but it can be fooled (- is it a real car in the distance or a toy car closer?).


Is ammunition included with "choose simple/martial weapon"?

Question: If something says "any martial/simple weapon" in character creation I think it includes ranged weapons too, but does it include ammunition? Does my bow come with arrows?
Answer: Typically when it lists a bow or simple crossbow specifically in the equipment list, it is accompanied with the text "and 20 bolts" or "and 20 arrows."
I'd argue that choosing an ammunition weapon would come with same amount of ammunition, as RAI.
I could see a DM arguing the opposite, "Since it doesn't say you get ammo, you need to buy it." Because it is Rules As Written.
Since 20 bolts or 20 arrows cost 1 gp, and 20 sling bullets cost 4 cp, I don't see a reason why this should be a sticking point either way. It's not game breaking to start with it, and it isn't bank breaking to buy it.  The only problem I see is if the DM lets you have the weapon, and you assume you have the ammo until you go to use it.
Comment: @Patta The background that you choose does give you a small amount of starting gold (usually 5-15, depending on the one chosen).
Comment: well, if you choose the equipment from the list, you don't get the starting gold, so you can't buy ammo, or am I forgetting something?
Comment: Some do, yes, but as far as I know you can not spend them at character Creation?
Comment: @Patta: Nothing prevents you from shopping at/before the start except your DM and maybe the starting setting.
Comment: Technically the rules only allow you to spend your starting Gold if you choose Not to take the starting equipment from your Class, by strict RAW, which is what I was referring to. I might be missing some rule somewhere, but that would not be something for the Comments :D
Answer: Ask your DM.
If a class or background starting package gives you any simple or martial weapon then that means a weapon on the weapon table.
By strict reading, arrows are not simple or martial weapons and you would have to buy them out of the cash you get. By a broader reading that the intent is to give you a weapon you can actually use, they would be included.


Not able to connect my app server to GCM's CCS using XMPPHP

Question: Like push-notification(downstream message), I want to implement upstream messaging from my android device to my app server in php. I am using this XMPPHP library from Github to connect my app server to GCM's CCS.
But when I try to execute below code to connect GCM's CCS:
<code>include 'XMPPHP/XMPP.php';
$conn = new XMPPHP_XMPP('gcm-preprod.googleapis.com', 5236, '<myProjectId>@gcm.googleapis.com', '<myApiKey>', 'xmpphp', 'http://myserverdomain', $printlog=true, $loglevel=XMPPHP_Log::LEVEL_INFO);
$conn->autoSubscribe();
$vcard_request = array();
try {
  $conn->connect();
...
</code>
I am getting following error.
1455354076 [INFO]: Connecting to tls://gcm-preprod.googleapis.com:5236 1455354106 [ERROR]: Could not connect. Could not connect before timeout.
Answer: How CCM will know about where(which app server) to send the upstream message? As there is no explanation in provided documentation.
I think you missed the part in the documentation where it says:

To initiate an upstream message, the client app sends a request containing the following:

The address of the receiving app server, in the format firstname.lastname@example.com.
A message ID that should be unique per sender ID.
The message data comprising the key/value pairs of the message's payload.

You need to specify the SENDER_ID to know which server you are sending to. Sender ID is a project number acquired from the API console
How to handle the upstream message in PHP? As I am using PHP in backend.
This thread might help you. Read the comments in the accepted answer.
It says that in order to use PHP you need to look for a library that supports XMPP protocol.
Comment: I have edited the question as I got a bit clearance about it. Please help in solving the issue. Thanks


Xcode 4.6 not installing on my Mountain Lion

Question: I am updating my Xcode 4.5.x to Xcode 4.6 directly from Mac App Store. But I am unable to update it. First it downloads the new Xcode. After downloading, it starts installing. But while installing it gets stuck at 2 minutes and the installation time counter changes abruptly between 2 minutes to 17 minutes. After some time, the installation stops and the Xcode 4.6 download starts again. This process is repeating since last night. Anyone else having the same issue. I have updated my Xcode from App Store previously also, but never had any issues.
Comment: I am having the same problem. I have tried the most basic stuff like restarting etc but no luck.
Comment: I don't know what Apple guys are doing out there. I am gonna keep trying until I file a bug.
Answer: You can download the DMG separately this time. You do not have to go through the App store, but it requires a free Developer account.
<code>1) Log into the Mac Developer Center
2) Scroll down to the "Xcode 4.6" section.
3) On the right there is a button to download Xcode 4.
4) Open the DMG.
5) Drag the old Xcode from the Applications folder to the Trash.
6) Drag the new Xcode from the mounted volume to the Applications folder.
</code>
This time it will download a DMG file instead of a link to the Mac App Store.
Either way you will have to download reinstall any extras from within Xcode itself. See the Preferences -> Downloads tab to finish the install.
Comment: When I tried this the only button that appeared in the "Xcode 4.6" section was a "View in Mac App Store" button.  To get the direct download I had to follow the "View All Downloads" link in the "Additional Downloads" section.  That brought up a list of available downloads, which included Xcode 4.6.
Answer: Since Xcode is now looking a lot more like a sandboxed app that gets downloaded to /Applications and sits there forever, it's probably just a download issue where the App Store is not smart enough to know if the application is running or quit, so you might need to reboot and be sure Xcode doesn't launch at log in time.
You could help things by moving Xcode to the trash before the reboot - but this shouldn't be much different than troubleshooting any other App Store download.
http://www.apple.com/support/mac/app-store/troubleshooting/
Unless you get a definite error message, it might be an overload issue on the server side as well and something you just might need to keep hammering away at until you get an actual error message from the App Store app.
Comment: In my case restarting and or/quitting Xcode did not work(having the same problem as Evol Gate). These suggestions in the troubleshooting guide did not help me unfortunately. Do you have any more suggestions on how to solve this?
Answer: I was experiencing the same problem recently. I solved it by killing the iTunesHelper process, quitting all other apps, and waiting for it to finish the installation. It took a while to complete (~5-10 min).
Answer: I have experienced something similar by changing internet connections during a download, but I don't think that's the case here. So best thing to do is:
First try to repair disk permissions using "Disk Utility". If it didn't work, then delete the XCode and install it again rather than updating it.


How can I learn to write straight on blank paper?

Question: My handwriting is very bad on unruled paper. How can I learn to write straight and nice on blank paper?
Answer: One old trick (I learned it before 1970) was to put a piece of lined paper behind the unlined sheet you're actually writing on.  Usually you can see the lines through the blank sheet well enough to follow them; if the primary sheet is too thick, a light table or equivalent can help.
Comment: **Comments have been [moved to chat](https://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/142746/discussion-on-answer-by-zeiss-ikon-how-can-i-learn-to-write-straight-on-blank-pa); please do not continue the discussion here.** Before posting a comment below this one, please review the [purposes of comments](/help/privileges/comment). Comments that do not request clarification or suggest improvements usually belong as an [answer](/help/how-to-answer), on [meta], or in [chat]. Comments continuing discussion may be removed.
Answer: If the goal is to learn to write straight without helping tools such as ruler or another sheet, the only answer is practice.
Write text, check with a ruler, repeat and pay more attention until you are satisfied. Do the same every day, and you will learn.
Comment: @Clumsycat There's a difference between practice and repetition. "Practice" implies intentionality - examining your results and attempting to correct failings. Most people aren't really practicing their handwriting, they're just doing it, reinforcing but not correcting their bad habits.
Comment: i was unhappy with my handwriting so i *forced* myself upon scratching and re-writing words up to a point where i inheriated the new way of writing letters. it's a pain at the beginning but after around 2 weeks you have a brand new handwriting. unfortunately i did not really think this through so my "d" looks like a note from a piano piece and my z is in old german beside other strange "ideas" of mine. so now i have to regulary tell people "it's a font i invented myself"...
Comment: I second this. I took notes in unlined notebooks for years as a student and it wasn't that long before writing in neat straight lines became completely natural.
Comment: Counterpoint - most peoples handwriting is good evidence that practice alone does not make us good at things.
Comment: whole point is you can get better / change something just by practising. but the tipp here again is "gid gud" which is not really helpfull i guess
Comment: Practice, but don't start with Letter or A4 paper right away. Start with something small, an index card or the like, so you can see the edges of the "page" as you write. They'll make an automatic guide. Then work your way to larger sheets!
Comment: This answer combines well with the trick from [Zeiss Ikon's answer](https://writing.stackexchange.com/a/64388/957): you can check your practice results efficiently by putting a sheet of lined paper behind the blank, instead of using a ruler.
Answer: Zeiss Ikon's answer brings back memories - this is what they made us do in elementary school, only it wasn't just an ordinary lined paper but a dedicated sheet (paper or plastic) where the lines were really black and thick, and you could buy it in a stationery shop. (You can also make one like that from a lined paper using a ruler and a black marker.)
Another thing you can do if the paper you're writing on is too thick - say you're making a greeting card for someone - is to actually make the line there lightly in pencil with a ruler, and after you're sure that the writing is dry, take an eraser on it.
Answer: Although other answers are excellent, I would like to share one advice that helped me personally as a child.
My writing was so bad (dyslexia and other problems) my parents took me to a specialist. One of the things the specialist tested was writing on lined paper and then writing on clear paper. My lines were horrible downward arches. Then the specialist gave me another clear paper and corrected my posture to sit with straight back and prompted me to try again. Suddenly it was much easier to write straight lines without much effort.
I guess it is much easier to keep the line straight when my head is further away from the paper and therefore I can see the paper edges and whole line I am writing instead of scrunching and focusing on just the few last letters.
Answer: Writing straight and nice on a blank paper is not that easy if you're trying to do it the first time, even when there's lined guide underneath.
You need to practice doing it for sometime, and make it your regular manner of writing to familiarize with it.
Here's the best and shortest way to do it:
Draw set of small squares on your blank paper, and fill them up with
straight horizontal lines striking from left to right without lifting your hands.
You can make the squares bigger as you go along, until you don't need them anymore, and can draw the lines longer and straight.
Before you know it, writing on a blank paper is like signing your signature blindfolded.
*(You can also alternate the horizontal lines with vertical lines to familiarize with the paper's squareness)
Answer: I wrote a lot on blank paper, especially during university. Although I never achieved perfection (and I do not plan to), I still looked after improving the appearance of my writing. I never used paper with guides under the paper being written on.
So I had a few "tricks":

from the first line, make sure it is straight and parallel to the top of the page;
be careful that the subsequent lines are also straight and parallel to the lines above;
from time to time write a line with the top of the page as a reference;
(!) arrange the sheet of paper in such way that when moving the hand while writing, the hand (holding the pen) moves parallel to the top of the page. This might mean that the paper itself will be laid on the table in a very un-intuitive way.
Answer: There are a few things you can do to ensure that your writing is straight on blank paper. First, make sure that the paper is positioned correctly in front of you. Second, hold the paper down with one hand while you write with the other. Third, use a pencil or pen with a fine point to prevent your writing from looking messy. Finally, take your time and be careful not to rush.
Answer: Here is a trick that might be helpful.
1.) Take your paper, fold a horizontal crease from edge to edge in the space you would like to write.
2.) Add another crease where you want to limit the height of your lettering to be.
The creases will serve as your guide while you are writing on the paper.
If you scan the paper, depending on the scanner, your creases will not show or will be barely visible.
Answer: Back in the day we were supposed to submit our term papers in writing on unlined A4 sheets.
As @ZeissIkon said, an easy aid for that would be a template, an equally-sized sheet with thick black lines, put underneath the blank sheet and held in place with paperclips.
I would usually print a thick-lined table in Word, choosing line intervals to fit my letter height, with vertical lines for margins and extra ones to mark newlines and the centerline of the sheet (so that there is a reference  to do a caption or something like it).


Does atomism still hold as a philosophy after the atom was split?

Question: From what I understand atomism subscribes that an individual atom is the "indivisible" fundamental component of all physical things. Ever since the atom was split, and even more "base" non-atomic objects such as quarks were discovered, does this invalidate the theory?
Answer: The ancient atomists just used "atoms" as a word for the smallest unit of matter, they didn't associate them with modern elements like hydrogen, carbon, oxygen etc. because this notion of all forms of matter are either mixtures or pure distributions of these basic elements didn't come until the discoveries of Lavoisier in the 1700s leading to the discovery of the periodic table by Mendeleev in 1869. In between those, the work of John Dalton made the case that the specific ratios of different substances needed to make some other substance with none left over (the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen needed to make water with no oxygen or hydrogen left over, for example) could be explained if each element were composed of tiny units, which he called "atoms".
But since the ancient Greek philosophers weren't thinking in terms of the modern notion of elements like hydrogen and oxygen, if they could learn of subsequent science they'd have no reason to be bothered by the later discover that Dalton's atoms were actually made of smaller units, they could simply say that Dalton was mistaken in identifying the units he discovered with the older philosophical notion of "atoms" and that whatever turn out to be the most basic and indivisible units (like quarks and electrons and other fundamental particles) are the real atoms.
Comment: Incredible that you discussed the exact thing that caused me to ask this question. I was confused given Dalton's explanation of atoms forming the 'base" for all substances in certain ratios and its connection with atomism, and how after the atom was split this could obviously no longer be a true "base". But as you say Dalton came after the atomist theory of the ancient greeks and therefore was a misapplication of the concept  This was a helpful clarification but I couldn't find much discussion on it anywhere, so thanks.
Comment: See also https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/a/23192/19160
Comment: That atoms themselves are composed of smaller parts does not invalidate that matter is composed of discrete particles instead of infinitely splittable material.
Comment: @tkruse - That's basically what I was saying, although I was also saying that according to the original Greek definitions, the object consisting of a proton/neutron nucleus with orbiting electrons should not really be called an "atom", even if that's the term we use today.


Could a 3.5mm to usb adapter stand as a subtitute for external power for a condenser mic?

Question: My dad purchased a lavalier microphone (one with a 3.5 mm connector) for business meetings and was unaware that it needed a power supply. Could a simple 3.5 mm to usb converter power it via USB? If not are there any cheap alternatives which could power it and allow it to plug directly into the computer?
Comment: We would need to know more about your microphone, to understand what it needs.
Answer: It depends on the power expectations and circuit design of the microphone.
Some phone lavalier mics use a LR44 battery. Maybe yours does, too. The LR44 battery, for example, has a nominal voltage of 1.5V and 105 mAh. USB has 5V and 3A (USB-C). That's a lot more power than a device using a LR44 battery would expect. If you wired it up directly, you'd probably burn out the device. So, while USB is certainly capable to power the device, you'd need some circuitry in between to convert it to the power level that the device expects.
But, whether plugging in the 3.5mm jack into a USB->3.5mm female adapter will power the unit depends on the circuit design of the microphone.
Answer: If that 3.5mm jack is meant for a microphone, it might already offer the possibility of powering an electret microphone .
Or you can build a battery supply adapter (9V battery and even 2 x AA alkalines) inside a small box and insert it between microphone and adapter.


Designing a Business Rule Engine

Question: I have a requirement where there are 10 Rules to be applied on data in excel.
If Rule 1 and Rule 2 fails rest of the rules are not checked. But if Rule 1 and Rule 2 passes the rest of all the Rules should be verified and if any errors found- they should be logged. Is there any design pattern which I can use to keep this Rule Engine flexible for adding these 10 rules and Closed for any additional chains in the Current Rule. I was thinking of something like a Decorator Pattern. Will this help me achieve that?
Answer: The best way to do it is to not do it. Designing for ultimate flexibility for some unknown future requirements is one of the great pitfalls in software engineering. Allowing any arbitrary rule from business into the design is another of the great pitfalls.
If you only have 10 rules, and are working on some podunk excel processing app... just hard code the rules. You'll do it faster, in a way that is easier to debug, maintain, and extend (unless you're going to be adding/changing a new rule every week or so).
YAGNI
Comment: Agreed. A 'business rule engine' can still just be the exact code required to perform the rules. Ultimately, if you require to extend and modify it, refactoring out common elements should get you way more bang for your buck than a super general purpose solution.
Comment: If your dream is to get managers to use said engine to be self-sufficient, then forget it. Just ask your IT department how many fail at using their keyboard and mouse successfully. You most likely designed the engine with engineers in mind, not managers.
Answer: I think a combination of Composite and Chain of Responsibility could fit:

A composite of Rule1 and Rule2 (leaves) for basic rules.
Subsequent rules chained to the Basic Rule Composite, either as a chain of leaf rules or composite rules.

Successors in the chain are evaluated only if the first rule passes, and composites' leaves are always invoked (with an appropriate aggregate for the composite result, e.g. true if all leaves pass).
Answer: It's a good approach to try and find a best practice for doing something, particularly in a design pattern. But sometimes finding a 'pattern' or understanding all of them to know which to apply can consume time.
Is applying a pattern here necessary, from your 'question' above, you could knock out the 'code' quicker than coming to a conclusion on a pattern/potential pattern (the apparent logic doesn't sound difficult) Nevertheless, if it is your consideration to use one, I would suggest the State Pattern.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_pattern
Ref:waec exam
(It's similar to the Strategy Pattern)
The State pattern allows an object to behave differently based on it's state.
Comment: I agree that we can come up with the code faster, I was just tryint to keep the code flexible to changes.Actually the Rules are not triggered by State changes on the Object. All rules to be checked - and when the object is still in the same state.
Answer: If you are using .Net Framework for this solution, I would suggest using External RuleSet Toolkit Sample from Windows Workflow Foundation. It has rule chaining and a nice redistributable rule editor GUI.
Answer: If your rules look something like this:
interface Rule {
    var isCritical:Bool;
    function verify(data:Data):Null<Error>;
}

Then applying them looks something like this:
for (rule in rules) {
    var error = rule.verify(data);
    if (error != null) {
        if (rule.isCritical) return error;
        else report(error);
    }
}
return null;//no critical error

You can implement as many rules as you wish.
Answer: Thinking out loud here.
Imagine you have different states and commands.
For example:

DepositedState
RegisteredState
LoggedInState

You can represent those are enums or classes.
You then have commands:

DisplayTwoForOnePromotion
Display20PctOffPromotion

Commands can be classes that would encapsulate some logic and have a single "run" method.
You can then start modelling your rules by selecting states and assigning appropriate commands to those states.
I was always excited about using patterns and best practices, but unless you can think of the right pattern for the job in first few minutes, than you are probably over-engineering something.

Designing a Business Rule Engine


does straight piping your car remove catalytic converters?

Question: I have a 2014 dodge charger hemi r/t. I'm looking to make it louder and i was just concerned about the cats being removed if I straight pipe it.
Comment: Yes, it will remove the catalytic converters. If you have to pass emissions, it will no longe pass. If you want to increase your performance/noise/joy, you can replace the factory catalytic converters with high-flow catalytic converters which comply with all oppressive emissions requirements.
Comment: @the_storyteller I'll politely disagree that catalytic converters constitute "oppressive emission requirements." Without them, we'd probably be unable to breathe in Los Angeles, or to see the foothills in San Jose.
Answer: As the_storyteller said in their comment doing this removes any catalytic converters in the replaced sections of exhaust (that's pretty much part of the definition of a "straight" pipe - it's a straight through flow!)
In the majority of locales this will lead to the car flat out failing any emissions tests, and there may be additional tests as well - in the UK for example it will additionally fail the MOT under the regulation 7.1.3:

A catalytic converter missing where one was fitted as standard

As awesome as straight pipes sound (and they do) trying to run a modern car with them on the road is impractical in most jurisdictions - the compromise option is to fit high-flowing so-called "sports" cats instead. It's not a cheap option, certainly when compared with just fitting straight pipes - don't expect much (if any) change from $2k by the time you've bought and fitted all three cats (inlet, driver side outlet, passenger side outlet) but it'll get you through emissions tests and should give you a noticeable increase in both sound and performance. Especially if you combine this with a wider exhaust as well (I think the stock system is only 2.5")
Answer: Yes, straight piping removes your cats, and it is also illegal to remove your cats if your vehicle came with cats from the factory.  (I'm assuming you're in the US, since I don't expect the 2014 Dodge Charger was exported much.)
Now, if your state has no emissions testing, you may be able to get away with it, but it's still illegal.
Also, when people pull up next to or behind you at stoplights, you'll be the stinky guy.


MySQL 8.0.23: Removeing huge '#sql-ib****.idb files?

Question: I had a massive mysql database crash this morning and realized it was due to the server running out of disk space. I recently upgraded mysql to version 8.0.23 last week from 5.7.
As I was looking for places to free up disk space, I found these odd files that were created last week around the time I upgraded mysql. They are found in /var/lib/mysql/[databasename]:
...
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql       4425 Apr 29 02:08  sitemap_589.sdi
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql         88 May  7 22:56  sitemap.MYD
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql       2048 May  8 00:29  sitemap.MYI
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql  281018368 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib102825-1688518596.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql  289406976 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib102825-2026724520.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql  876609536 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-1503108124.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql  801112064 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-2007596613.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql 1275068416 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-2132787644.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql  801112064 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-2317916983.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql 1149239296 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-3216103449.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql  788529152 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-3646714586.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql 1015021568 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-366921508.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql  201326592 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-3791138395.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql  775946240 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-4049574556.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql   71303168 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-4099766703.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql  289406976 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib147-930611645.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql   58720256 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib18288-1061311775.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql   58720256 Apr 29 02:07 '#sql-ib18288-1061311775.ibd'
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql   16777216 May  8 22:55  categories.ibd
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql      10523 Apr 29 02:08  details_582.sdi
-rw-r-----  1 mysql mysql    1439140 May  8 22:49  details.MYD
....

Note that these files also have single quotes around them (')#sql-ib147-366921508.ibd(')
All of my databases combined are around 10GB in size. There are about 20GB worth of these files scattered in my other databases. These file names also do not look like my regular table names (which were also in the lists - not shown here). After research, I found that these might be TABLESPACES that I don't need anymore? How do I delete these?
I tried viewing these using:
SELECT * FROM `INNODB_TABLESPACES`

I found names like:
databasename/#sql-ib147-2317916983
databasename/#sql-ib147-1503108124
databasename2/#sql-ib147-3216103449
....

Note that they are similar in name to what was found in the disk directory, but with the addition of the database name before the file: (databasename)/#sql-ib147-2317916983
When I try to use:
DROP TABLESPACE `databasename/#sql-ib147-2007596613`

I get an error like:
#3119 - InnoDB: A general tablespace name cannot contain '/'.

How should I delete these files the correct way, and if I should delete them? My sites are all working fine now, so if these are just temporary, I'm guessing they can be safely deleted.
UPDATE
I tried the solution below:
mysql> DROP TABLE #mysql50##sql-ib147-2317916983

Note: It first asks me which database to use first. So first I use:
USE databasename;

However, after I try the "DROP TABLE", I get errors like:
An expression was expected. (near "" at position 0)

I also tried it with single quotes like:
DROP TABLE '#mysql50##sql-ib147-2132787644'

but I get this error:
#1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''#mysql50##sql-ib147-2132787644'' at line 1

When I try it with these weird symbols from copying and pasting (`):
DROP TABLE `#mysql50##sql-ib147-3791138395`;

I get this error:
ERROR 1051 (42S02): Unknown table 'databasename.#mysql50##sql-ib147-3791138395'

Note that in the my "SELECT * FROM information_schema.INNODB_TABLESPACES" query, these tables show up like:
databasename/#sql-ib147-1503108124  instead of just  #sql-ib147-1503108124

Note that I'm using MySQL 8.0, so I'm not sure if the bug explained in the answer (regarding #mysql50##) applies as it looks like that bug was in 5.7. Also, could the MySQL 8.0 explain the syntax errors?
Also, I updated the list of files as the way I see them in my directory. These files have single quotes around them as shown above.
Answer: Do not delete the files via the file system unless you enjoy seeing messages like this from the database:
InnoDB: in InnoDB data dictionary has tablespace id N,
InnoDB: but tablespace with that id or name does not exist. Have
InnoDB: you deleted or moved .ibd files?
InnoDB: This may also be a table created with CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE
InnoDB: whose .ibd and .frm files MySQL automatically removed, but the
InnoDB: table still exists in the InnoDB internal data dictionary.

These files are generally the result of a MySQL crash during an ALTER TABLE operation. This can leave you with an orphaned temporary table inside the InnoDB tablespace.
There are two options ahead of you:

Perform a data dump, drop the database, and restore
Drop the table spaces

For the sake of simplicity, let's go with option two. To do so, the tablespace needs to be prefixed with octothorps:
mysql> DROP TABLE #mysql50##sql-ib147-2317916983

Be sure to keep the #mysql50# bit intact to avoid a long-standing bug
Comment: Unfortunately, this isn't working. I keep getting errors like: DROP TABLE #mysql50##sql-ib147-2132787644; - An expression was expected. (near "" at position 0)  If I add single quotes around the table name, I get an error: DROP TABLE '#mysql50##sql-ib147-2132787644'  - #1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''#mysql50##sql-ib147-2132787644'' at line 1


locally nonsatiated preferences

Question: what does this symbol mean in the discuss of locally nonsatiated preferences:
$\varepsilon > 0$ and $||y-x||<\varepsilon$.
Answer: If you take the vector $\mathbf{x}$ as the center and an $\epsilon > 0$ sufficiently small as the radius, then the open ball (local neighborhood of the vector $\mathbf{x}$) is the set of all vectors $\mathbf{y} \in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ whose distance to the center $\mathbf{x}$ is less than $\epsilon$ measured w.r.t. the metric $\Arrowvert \cdot \Arrowvert $, i.e., more formally as
$$\mathbf{B}(\mathbf{x},\epsilon) := \big\{\mathbf{y} \in \mathbb{R}^{n}\,\Big\arrowvert\, \Arrowvert \mathbf{y} - \mathbf{x} \Arrowvert < \epsilon \big\}.$$
Notice that measuring a distance by a metric is only possible within a metric space or normed space like Hausdorff or Banach. Topological spaces do not have in general a metric, in this case the above concept must be generalized. Fortunately, all finite dimensional spaces have a canonical norm, i.e., the Euclidean norm.
Answer: $||v||$ is the norm symbol, it means the length of the vector $v$.
Comment: Surely you mean "norm".  The norm is a special case of distance-functions or "metrics".
Comment: Indeed I do. Thank you!
Answer: Depends on what exactly you mean with "this symbol":

$\varepsilon$ denotes a real number.
$>$ stands for the strictly-greater-than relation in the real numbers.
$0$ is the number zero, i.e., the neutral element with respect to addition.
$x$ and $y$ are consumption bundles, i.e., vectors of the same finite dimension with non-negative real entries.
$-$ is the minus sign, the inverse of the $+$ operation. The operation is performed element-wise for vectors.
$||v||$ is the norm (i.e., length) of the vector $v$. If $v\in\mathbb{R}^n$, then $||v||=(v_1^2+\cdots +v_n^2)^\frac{1}{2}$.
$<$ stands for the strictly-less-than relation in the real numbers.

locally nonsatiated preferences


Mean squared error vs. mean squared prediction error

Question: What is the semantic difference between Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Squared Prediction Error (MSPE)?
Answer: The difference is not the mathematical expression, but rather what you are measuring.
Mean squared error measures the expected squared distance between an estimator and the true underlying parameter:
$$\text{MSE}(\hat{\theta}) = E\left[(\hat{\theta} - \theta)^2\right].$$
It is thus a measurement of the quality of an estimator.
The mean squared prediction error measures the expected squared distance between what your predictor predicts for a specific value and what the true value is:
$$\text{MSPE}(L) = E\left[\sum_{i=1}^n\left(g(x_i) - \widehat{g}(x_i)\right)^2\right].$$
It is thus a measurement of the quality of a predictor.
The most important thing to understand is the difference between a predictor and an estimator. An example of an estimator would be taking the average height a sample of people to estimate the average height of a population. An example of a predictor is to average the height of an individual's two parents to guess his specific height. They are thus solving two very different problems.
Comment: But the wiki page of MSE also gives an example of MSE on predictors,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_squared_error
Comment: Not sure estimator vs predictor is meaningful here.  Both are metrics that measure actual y vs f(x) where f(x) is meant to approximate y from feature vector x
Comment: This answer would be better if it addressed the possibility that MSE may be used to mean different things in different contexts.
Answer: Typically, MSE involves only training data. The error here refers to how far the observed training response data is from the fitted response data (based on a model fit on the training data itself).
On the other hand, MSPE typically involves a testing set that was not part of the model training. The error here refers to how far the predicted testing data (predicted based on a model already fit on the training data) is from the observed testing data.
Answer: There is a correction to the second equation about:

$MSPE(L)=\mathbb{E}\Big[\Big(g(X))-\widehat{g}(X)\Big)^{2}\Big]$;
where $X$ is a random variable.
It is important to remember that when we are working with MSPE or MSEP (I usually use the last expression) we are dealing with random variables. We want to predict an unobserved random variable $X$ using an estimator which is also a random variable (usually constructed with a sample data). There, we have a great difference with the most used expression MSE. In that case, we are dealing with a population parameter  $\theta$ that it is a constant and the estimator is again a random variable.
In a more realistic scenario, we are dealing with conditional expectation for the MSPE because if we want to predict we need to measure the quality of our estimator based on the information used in the sample data. So, our definition of MSPE would be:
$MSPE(L)=\mathbb{E}\Big[\Big(g(X))-\widehat{g}(X)\Big)^{2}\Big|\;\mathcal{G}\; \Big]$; where $\mathcal{G}$ is a $\sigma$-algebra and $\widehat{g}(X)$ is $\mathcal{G}$-measurable. We can say that $X$ is $\mathcal{F}$-measurable in the measurable space $(\Omega, \mathcal{F})$ and $g$ is a borel-measurable function, so by Doob-Dynkin $g(X)$ is also $\mathcal{F}$-measurable.


Arduino YUN Rev. 2 power supply

Question: I want to connect my YUN Rev. 2 to 7.4V.
I read that the older version only provides exactly 5 V at the Vin Pin. Is the Rev. 2 similar to it? I read that the power supply should be improved, but what does that mean?
I just tried to connect the Vin to regulated 5 V by a power supply board, but it didn't work. If I connect it to the 5V Pin the board is working, but I think this isn't recommended.
So has anybody experience with that board?
Thanks for your answers.
Comment: are you sure 5V pin is working and Vin is not for supplying power?
Comment: Yes, I just tried it several times. Even if I change the voltage.
Answer: For version 1 VIN is connected, through a Schottky diode, to the 5V rail.  That means you can only provide, at absolute most, 5V plus a little bit for the diode drop into VIN.  The 5V pin can only source power on the Yun, since it is also connected to the 5V rail through a Schottky diode.
In effect the two pins form the "In" and "Out" of the 5V power.
However in version 2 the 5V pin's diode has been removed, and the VIN's diode has been reversed.  VIN is now known as "5V_OUT".
So the 5V pin can be used for both in and out, and what was VIN can only be used for power out.
To provide more than 5V to the Yun you will have to first pass the voltage through a regulator of some form.  Since you want to use 7.4V it sounds like you are using 2S Li-Ion (or similar) batteries.  Because of that I'd recommend a switching regulator, rather than a linear one.  I commonly use 5V UBEC modules from my favourite RC model supplier.
For version 1 you will provide it to VIN.  For version 2 you will provide it to 5V.  Quite why they'd change something quite so fundamental as the power pin arrangement from one version to another is beyond me.  It would cause havoc with compatibility between versions with certain shields.
Comment: The regulator I just tried provides 4.9V. I just tried to use an transformer and it was the same, even when I changed the voltage. When it's connected to the 5V output the Yun is working fine...

I would try to use an other regulator, but I thought 4.9 V is in range or not?

Your right, I want to use two Li-Ion:
Comment: According to the schematics you should not be able to supply power through the 5V pin, and you should not be able to draw power from the VIN pin.  Maybe a mistake was made during manufacture and the diodes are backwards.
Comment: Hang on - yes, it's changed on V2 for some reason (why would they change something fundamental like that? Because they're idiots, that's why).
Comment: but it is good trick. if someone expects a build-in regulator, Vin would not work and supplying other then 5 V to 5V pin would be stupid
Comment: @Juraj Better would be to put an *actual* regulator on the board... That way VIN works like VIN on all the other boards with the same footprint...
Comment: I still didn't get the idea behind Yun and Tian
Comment: @Juraj I know, they make no sense. Why would you bother with such a thing when you can get a Pi for the same price, and get 200000x the oomph.

Arduino YUN Rev. 2 power supply