Printing stems back to stereo for international versions in Protools and the volume seems to be slightly higher...why is this?

Question: I'm doing what should be a simple mixdown of stems back onto a stereo track for the international version...stereo music stem, stereo sfx stem, mono narr stem and mono dial stem.  I've taken out the commercial blacks and bumpers and mixed the stems to smooth out the edits, but when I punch them into the pre-existing Full Mix, the volume is slightly higher.  What am I doing wrong??
Comment: It's possible that the client delivered the wrong stems, but just wanted to rule out any error on my part...
Comment: For clarification, which parts are louder?  The new mix as a whole?  The stems within the mix?  The stems alone?
Comment: The stems that I'm combining to make the stereo Full Mix/Mix Minus tracks.  The client seems to have delivered the undipped stems for re-mixing, which seems totally weird to me, but that's what I have to work with!
Answer: This may be a case of differing Pan laws between your software and theirs. Are any tracks panned and are these the sounds which appear louder?
It may be worth asking them which Panning law their software was set to and check either your options or DAW documentation to find out which one you are set to.
Here's a quick rundown on a Logic example: http://logicquicktips.blogspot.co.uk/2006/10/laws-of-pan.html


How to Remove Adhesive Residue from New Wooden Table?

Question: I recently purchased and received a brand new black wooden coffee table which arrived with a sticker on top. I carefully removed the sticker itself but it left a adhesive or sticky residue. What can I use to remove this residue without leaving a mark or blemish on the coffee table?
Thank you
Answer:
Goo Gone. Used this many times, never had an issue.
WD-40 and elbow grease. Emphasis on elbow grease, works in a pinch though. Be cautious about using WD-40 on wood though.
Rubbing alcohol. Supposed to take care of most every type of adhesive, and in my opinion, it smells nice.
3M Adhesive Remover. Never used this stuff, but I hear it's amazing.
Baby Oil(Thanks to @CarlWitthoft). He says it works well.
A razor blade and a steady hand. I'd consider this a last resort.
Comment: I'd be very hesitant to use WD40 on a wood surface.  Even more hesitant to use a razor-- you're pretty much guaranteed to remove the finish.  GooGone, or baby oil (yeah, really!) are the choices to use.
Comment: @CarlWitthoft Amended my answer to reflect those points. Thanks!
Answer: Please grab a hair dryer, warm the surface of the adhesive them gently rub the adhesive off with a stiff cloth with a little cooking oil on it. It will come off easy with no issues.


Do cars go from Drive to Neutral on their own?

Question: While stopped at a railroad crossing in my A/T Honda CRV with my car in Drive and my foot on the brake; does my car eventually go into Neutral on its own if I'm there for while?
Comment: Not sure about your Honda, but UK spec Smart Cars will go into 1st gear when you stop (or even almost stop), but not neutral.
Answer: To my understanding, no. I've never seen this behavior before in any auto I've ever driven or read about. I think it would be a safety issue if it did. If you needed to move suddenly (for whatever reason), pulled your foot off the brake pedal expecting the car to move, and it does nothing but rev the engine at you. This could be extremely dangerous on an incline, as well. You would start rolling back. Your average driver would not know how to react in time.
Comment: I'll confirm what @Paulster2 says and add in the following: If it does  it means that you might have a bad motor/transmission mount or an issue in the gear selector lever. Both of these issue could cause the car to pop into gear from neutral *IF* the engine was suddenly accelerated or *IF* some linkage unbind itself.
Comment: @racefever - Very salient points.
Comment: There's now Hill start assist to prevent you rolling back or forwards on an incline, so the autos can shift to neutral and when you press the throttle it'll engage the gearbox and release the brakes.
Answer: I've driven a few automatic Opel Vectra's (2003 model) and they all had something of what you describe. The transmissions were somehow smartly adaptive to my recent driving style (sporty or cruising).
I also noticed that, when stopping briefly, they would respond immediately to the gas - but when stopping for more than maybe 20 seconds (and keeping pressure on the brake), they would sort of "open the clutch" and take longer to get going again. I believe that's a feature to protect the automatic clutch from undue wear.
So - it's not really "Neutral" but it seems to be like pressing the clutch in a stick shift, basically achieving the same effect.
Comment: This sounds more like a transmission problem than a feature, but not discounting some numbskull automotive engineer might have implemented something like this and passed it off to management as "a good thing".
Comment: @Paul I kindly disagree. The current VW scandal notwithstanding, it might be German engineering you were not expecting.
Comment: "[German Engineering](http://jalopnik.com/the-ten-worst-german-cars-ever-made-1605266861)" does not always equate to "Better Engineering" ... maybe that's my American upbringing coming out in me :o) Not saying the US engineers haven't made stupid mistakes (ie: Ford Pinto - AKA: *Chariot of Fire*).
Comment: NASA were a big fan of German engineering...
Answer: The latest bmw's, and many cars using the ZF 8 speed gearbox (Jaguar XF, XE, most recent BMW's, and a number more) have an auto neutral feature.

Automatic idle shift system at vehicle standstill and engaged service break (stand-by control)

http://www.zf.com/corporate/en_de/products/product_range/cars/cars_8_speed_automatic_transmission.shtml
So, not your Honda, nor many automatic transmissions will shift into neutral on their own, but the ZF and many future ones will due to the need to increase efficiency.
All you'd ever like to know about the ZF 8 speed gearbox, and what it is used in can be found on Wikipedia, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF_8HP_transmission
Answer: From here: http://certified-transmission.blogspot.com/2011/12/understanding-aw-55-50-neutral-control.html
It is very similar to others manufacturers.

The AW 55-50 transmission has a feature that Volvo calls "Neutral
  Control". What it "Neutral Control" and what is its function? To tell
  you the truth, I wasn't really sure, but below is what I was able to
  both find and figure out about it.
When coming to a complete stop in drive with your foot on the brake,
  the TCM waits 2 seconds before disengaging drive or shifting the
  transmission into neutral. This feature is designed to reduce
  emissions and to minimize any idle vibrations. When the brake pedal is
  released, this re-engages drive. This is a very smooth and seamless
  process that is never felt by the operator.

You can google this https://encrypted.google.com/#q=automatic+transmission+neutral+control
Answer: My 2011 Chevy Cruze shifts the transmission into neutral when the vehicle is stopped.
This is documented in the owner's manual as the "Automatic neutral shift" feature. It's a difficult feature name to get good Google search results for.
This ANS causes a very noticeable feeling of lag, even though my vehicle does not have the turbocharged engine. It appears the ECU is waiting for the transmission to shift back into gear before giving the engine any more throttle input.


Security of wireless connection vs. wired connection on wireless router

Question: Would using a wifi dongle to connect my computer to a wifi enabled router make my computer more vulnerable to someone who wanted to gain unauthorized access to it, than connecting to the wifi router with a cable?
Comment: Depends where the cable goes - some of the security for wired networks comes from difficulty of access. Will be a different answer for a cable running across your desk to a cable running through a shared network cabinet in an apartment block.
Comment: Is it a modern/patched wireless router using WPA2-AES with a strong password? If not, it could be easy for someone outside the house to get on the network and potentially attack you.
Comment: I haven't seen it mentioned yet, but there's also the Evil Twin attack.
Answer:
The answer of this question depends on your usage of the router.

First I want to mention that it depends how you implemented your wifi connection. If you are using WEP it's like you are using no encryption. Sadly there are so many problems with this standard that you should not use it at all. If you switch to WPA2-AES with a PSK you got better security at all but that's also not unhackable. If you want to increase your routers security I would recommend to disable the WPS function. In many hacks this was the entry point of some hackers but in newer versions security got better at this point. Anyway I would still recommend to deactivate it.
If you are connecting your PC with a cable with the router and disable the WIFI I would really say this is the best solution for your LAN. So you closed one entry point. It's like closing one door.
If you want to leave your WIFI enabled I would say Yes it makes a difference but just if someone got your WPA Key, so he will be possible to decrypt your packets. But if that happens, your PC will not be safe at all. No matter if u are using a cable or a wifi connection.
Hints:

Try using a long PSK (WPA Key) for your Router
Disable WPS. It's anyway just for comfort
Alter your PSK every year or if you think you are compromised
Don't save your Key in any Keyservers
Alter your standard admin user and password at the router
Disable UPNP services
Disable web access throught WAN
Update your router!
Disable SSID broadcasting
Use MAC filtering
Disable TKIP

Hopefully this information helps you. If you got more questions or want to get more details about it feel free to ask!
Comment: Using MAC filtering will not defeat an attacker. Disabling SSID broadcasting can also be trivially defeated to discover the SSID and causes privacy concerns when your devices beacon for your home SSID wherever you go
Comment: @CDRohling Disabling ESSID broadcast can actually make things worse by requiring that each client broadcast the ESSID instead, causing anyone nearby the device, even e.g. on a plane, to know the ESSID and potentially use that knowledge to precompute a rainbow table or hash table (since the ESSID is used as the salt for some silly reason). Also, I suggest you add "Disable TKIP" to the suggestions.
Comment: Everything is true but it's also true that it's not safe at all. You need to make it harder for everyone and if you don't try it, you can leave it open at all. So without this things it's very easy to hack it.
Comment: @forest Thank your for that Hint. I added to disable TKIP. That's a good idea! And thank you for your idea about the ESSID. Generally I suggest this to block some scriptkiddies from attacking the hotspot because they can't see it on their first try. But it's good to know that point you mentioned.


Adding recessed LEDs to existing ceiling fan/light circuit - where to tap?

Question: I'd like to add a couple 4" recessed LEDs to an existing fan/light circuit in my room.  The fan/light is controlled by a wall switch, and it also has a remote (fan does not turn on if switch is OFF).  I could use some help figuring out how/where to splice the LEDs into.  Does this need to be done in the ceiling box or in the attic?  There are three 'Romex' entering the ceiling box, as pictured.  I believe one goes to the closet, one to the switch, and one to the main (?). I've also attached photos of the fan wiring and switch.  Any help is much appreciated!
Comment: Thanks HoneyDo and Ed Beal.  Wired in parallel as instructed, much better light output in the room now!
Comment: we thank people around here by upvoting and/or accepting their answers :)
Answer: Ed Beal has it right but you need to think about how you want to control the lights. If in parallel with the fan any time the fan is on the LEDs will also be on which is okay if that's what you want. So with the wall switch on, the LEDs will be lit. You can turn off the fan with the remote but the LEDs will be on as long as the wall switch is on. In other words you can't have the fan on and the LEDs off.
If the wire gauge is sufficient you can pigtail into the fan light which will be the wires coming out of the wireless receiver going to the light. In that case the LEDs will activate whenever you turn on the fan light with the remote. Just a thought.
Answer: You will need to tap the circuit in the ceiling.
To have the switch control the new lights put them in parallel with the fan. You have 3 cables one hot, one to the closet and a switch leg that takes the hot to the switch and returns to the fan.
Make to turn the breaker off before connecting the new lights and you need a box at each new light location if the fixtures do not have a box as part of the fixture.


whats wrong with my my zz plant`s leaves

Question: hi would you please help me what's wrong with my zz plant...
its leaves are rolling as you see in pictures.i water it very carefully but
it was started 1 month ago,after that i repot it. some roots rotted and  i removed them and the tubers(potato) got wrinkle  and the new sprout is also didn`t unfurl for a long time since it appear in a pot.
i fertilized it with 20 20 20 but after this event i stop it.
now what should i do? i should wait?
i really appreciate to help me
enter image description here
Comment: Does the pot its in have drainage holes?
Comment: Recent transplant? ZZ does not like having it's roots disturbed. You can get some of this even with proper watering. Things should calm down after a year or so.
Comment: I would guess you might be watering it too much at a time, but I've never grown a ZZ plant.
Answer: Leaves curl, because they are trying to conserve water.   Plants that have rotted roots can not provide the plant with adequate water, this does not mean you would increase the amount of water.   You need to allow the plant time to grow roots before you will see a difference in the leaves.   Overall the plant does not look too bad.  With time the roots with grow back.  Only give he plant as much water as it can take up with the new roots.  Dumping lots of water into a pot with no roots, just allows water to stay.  You need to provide it with just enough to keep those new roots moist, but not wet.  It may take months before you see a difference in the leaves.  You might even loose some leaves during this time.  As long as you are being wise about the amount of water you are providing the plant will recover.
Fertiliser is not needed at this time.  There are enough root too absorb much of this food.  You do not want to encourage the plant to grow leaves at this point.  If anything, you could have provided some bone meal.  This is a natural form of phosphorus, the nutrient needed to grow healthy roots.   Avoid other forms of fertiliser at this time.  If you are in the Northern Hemisphere this is the wrong time of the year to give food anyway.   I know you have already have given some fertiliser already.  That will not hurt the plant, but it is not helpful either.  But, since you have already given it some phosphorous, the middle number, bone meal is not needed.
Good luck.


Burning smell and smoke from rear tire

Question: I was driving when I began smelling a burning, possibly rubber, smell and when I pulled over there was smoke coming from my passenger side rear tire well. Nothing appears to be wrong with the tire or anything out of place, but I did just pick it up from a lot where it was towed. Any suggestions on what could be going on? Thanks!
Comment: It could be your brake locking up. Or your parking brake was left on.
Comment: Especially if you were not the last person to drive the car, could easily be the parking brake.
Comment: If tow was done over rough surface or from the side, it is possible that the suspension or axle was damaged or bent, causing the tire alignment to be off.  Possible rubbing on the body, suspension or wearing the tire very badly, any of which may cause a burning rubber smell.
Comment: Thank you both so much. I took my car to my friend's mechanic and he said the car needs an axle and struts. Not totally sure about that so I'm taking it to Midas tomorrow morning. Greatly appreciate the response. Have a great day!
Comment: Hi @SusanRolkowski! It's great that the site is helping you. I've converted your previous answer to a comment (since that seemed like what you were trying to do). It's possible that you might have a different problem with your vehicle (since this is a pretty old question). If so, please use the "Ask Question" and we'll try to help you with that as well!
Answer: If the rubber burns, you wouldn't say 'possibly'. I'm sure you'd recognize a smell of a rubber, so I have to guess it is brake shoe/pad, most likely hand brake cable or shoe or slave cylinder issue, depends on a car model..
 Unless you have 1000 hp engine.. ;)
Answer: If your tire was burning you'd know it, and it wouldn't stop when you stop the car. If you have a rear wheel drive car then it could be from the drivetrain, but I would bet it's the parking brake. Parking brakes usually work on the rear wheels, either with a separate set of calipers and pads, or by clamping the main brakes. It could also be a stuck brake caliper on just that side as well.
Either way you have have caused significant wear to your brake pads, possibly making them need replacement. It could also have damaged your brake rotors by wearing them down, warping them, or both.
You should really get your car to a mechanic.

Burning smell and smoke from rear tire


Possible to view field handles on entry type field definition page?

Question: When I am configuring the fields for a given entry type, is there a way to see those fields' handles on the same page? I often reference the entry type page to know which fields are associated with a given entry type, but then I have to cross reference the fields page to make sure I'm using the correct handle. Is there a better way to do this?
Answer: You can use the CP Field Links plugin to view the handles on the edit entry pages.
And it sounds like this feature request is very close to what you're asking for.  You might want to throw a vote its way.


what's the difference between "revert commits" and "revert change" in magit?

Question: In the magit from spacemacs, when I press O on a commit, it shows several actions, two of them are "revert commit" and "revert change", what's the difference between them?
Comment: (Without being a magit expert) I'd say that reverting a change simply restores your local files to the original state, whereas reverting a commit creates a new change set that undoes the effect of a previous commit.
Answer: According to the magit documentation, Revert changes does the following:

Revert COMMIT by applying it in reverse to the worktree.
  Prompt for a commit, defaulting to the commit at point.  If
  the region selects multiple commits, then revert all of them,
  without prompting.

The git command that it runs under the hood is git revert --no-commit COMMIT where COMMIT is the commit you selected.
As for Revert commit(s):

Revert COMMIT by creating a new commit.
  Prompt for a commit, defaulting to the commit at point.  If
  the region selects multiple commits, then revert all of them,
  without prompting.

For this, the git command that gets run is git revert COMMIT.
In other words, reverting changes puts the changes from the selected commit back in the working tree for you to do what you want with (including commit again), while reverting a commit will undo the changes from the selected commit and create a new commit (i.e., a new commit where those changes have been undone).
Also, whenever you see options in a magit popup, you can hit ? and then the key associated with an option to see the documentation for that option.


SQL Server 2008 - Go From Select to Edit Quickly

Question: In server management studio 2008 you can right mouse click on a table and then hit the select the first 1000 rows.  Is there a button or a quick way to edit one of the returned rows instead of having to right mouse click on the table again and click edit first 200 rows.
Answer: Here's the way I normally go about this:

Right-Click table and select "Edit Top 200 Rows"
Right-Click anywhere on the results, navigate to Pane -> SQL

You'll see a SELECT statement that begins with
<code>SELECT TOP(200) .....
</code>
Change the "200" to a larger value, or add a WHERE clause at the bottom.
Answer: In Options - SQL Server Object Explorer, Commands you can edit the Values for the
Edit Top  Rows command
Select Top  Rows command
You could change the edit to be 1000 rows instead of 200
Answer: On my system I can click on edit top 200 rows immediately (no initial select first 1000 required).
If you need to choose Which row, you can click on the SQL toolbar button to edit your query.
Comment: I'm sorry, but this is not helpful at all. "the SQL toolbar button"?
Comment: He means the "SQL" button on the toolbar that lets you select and unselect which panes are present in the current window.
Answer: In SQL Server 2008 Management Studio, you may want to change the default settings to allow you to edit more than the 200 rows at a time, or select more than 1000 rows, which are the default settings for SQL Server.
To modify "Edit Top 200 Rows" or "Select Top 1000 Rows" setttings do the following:
1.In SQL Server 2008 Management Studio, go to "Tools" -> "Options" -> "SQL Server Object Explorer" -> "Commands".
2.Now in the right-hand side "Table and View Options" section, you can change either:
◦Value for Edit TopRows command, to a value greater than or less than 200.
◦Value for Select TopRows command, to a value greater than or less than 1000.
3.By specifying a value of 0, SQL Server will return all rows.  (If you sql tables are really large, you will definitely NOT want to set these values to 0.
4.Click OK to save your changes.


Resizing an image with a non-integral conversion factor

Question: I'm resizing an image based on a non-integral conversion factor (a bmp image, in fact).  I understand how resizing works, just non with a decimal number.  For instance, if the factor were 2, I would simply write the individual pixels twice to the output file.  You can't really write 1.5 pixels if the factor were, say, 1.5.  Conceptually, how might this play out?
Answer: Don't think of the process as "where would this pixel go?", but rather as "from where did that pixel came?".
Then, it's easy to see that each pixel in the final picture will come from a position at a fractional coordinates in the original image, that just means it will have a color that is a weighted average of the near pixels.
That's why Photoshop (and others) lets you choose the subsampling algorithm.  Some are prettier but use more origin pixels, or need more precise math, while others are fast and doable with integer numbers but not so good looking.
Comment: How might I generate those coordinates?
Comment: `x0 = x * w / w0`
Answer: This is actually a big topic.  What you are asking about is called image resampling.  And there are many different algorithms that can be used.  See the wikipedia article for a basic introduction.
But as Javier hinted at, you dont generally take a pixel and write out a scaled version.  Rather, you look at a destination pixel, and figure out what source pixels you need to reference and how to weigh them to calculate the destination pixel.
Comment: It can be done in any language, they are algorithms.  What I would recommend, unless you are interested in really getting into the inner workings of these algorithms, is to use a 3rd party library that provides resampling functionality as the algorithms can be complex to implement correctly.
Comment: @Someone, in C, anything can be a one-liner! :-)  but in fact, the simplest algorithms can be just 7 very readable lines: two nested loops (x and y), an interpolation expression for x and y, and the averaging expression for R, G and B channels.
Comment: Are you asking what library to use, or what algorithm?  How are we supposed to give a recommendation when we dont know what platform(s) you are using, and what you want to do with the images?


If I have a join shared wallet and my partner lost the backup, can we recover this if i can i see the BTC yet?

Question: I had a Join Shared Wallet. I can see my BTC; but my partner can´t because she lost the back up words. We aere trying to send this to an other wallet but it´s imposible if the other account doesn´t authorized it. What can I do for recovering these wallet?
Answer: Assuming this is a 2-of-2 multisig shared wallet, it is not possible to do anything with the coins without signatures from both wallets.  Bitcoin uses strong crytography, and when signatures are required, they're really, really required.  That's why it's secure.
If your partner has irretrievably lost the wallet and backup phrase, then the two of you have irretrievably lost the coins.  Sure, you can see them, but you'll never be able to spend or transfer them.
Sorry.


Kaddish for an unborn child

Question: Does one need to recite Kaddish for an unborn child?
A google search produced only references to an unrelated book.
Comment: No sources, but I would say that the answer is probably no. If the wife is sick as a result so a mi shebeirach should be said for her, that is a different matter. There are many people who do not even buy baby clothes before the baby is born because of ayin harah. Do you mean sponsoring a kiddush in shul? I have never heard of that being done until after the baby has been named. Some people have sponsored kiddush on the shabbos on which the father names a girl, but usually they wait until the wife can bring the baby to shul.
Answer: Kaddish is said as a merit for the deceased to shield him from the judgement of Gehinnom. If the deceased were not required to undergo such judgment (e.g. he was a complete tzadik) Kaddish would not be necessary, but is nevertheless said even for a child once he reached the age of understanding what a sin is. (Mourning in Halacha 39:29-30) based on Sdei Chemed (Aveilus 151), Pischei Teshuvah (376:3),.
For an unborn child, the child is a pure tzaddik who never experienced any sin and Kaddish is not said.
Answer: Kaddish is part of the laws of mourning, which weren't instituted for the loss of an unborn child. (In fact, if a baby was born with severe medical problems and left this world soon after entering it, most rabbis would advise against shiva, kaddish, and the remaining mourning rituals.)
It's a sad and difficult situation, especially without the usual routines and recognitions of mourning. I suspect that when these laws were instituted, the state of women's health was such that they couldn't afford to go through full mourning for a lost pregnancy. (The Talmud has stories of people discussing plans for their newborns, with the caveat "assuming this one makes it.") Hopefully you find a good support network, a competent rabbi included, to be there for you. May God give you strength.
Answer: Kaddish is usually said for someone for whom there is an obligation to sit shiva. We see this in the original source for saying Kaddish for the dead, The Ohr Zarua (II:50), who quotes the Medrash: "Rabbi Akiva saw a strange and afflicted man who told him that he has been dead for many years and because he was particularly sinful in his lifetime he was judged harshly. When Rabbi Akiva taught the man's son to say Kaddish the man was spared the punishments".
Thus, we see that origin of the practice to recite Kaddish was said within the context of the chiyuv aveilus. (But being that it is not obligatory law within the laws of mourning, it can be recited by others as well)
For an unborn child or a child that died within 30 days old, there is no requirement to sit shiva, they under the halachic classification of a "nephel" ie. a non viable baby, meaning the baby was not considered alive in the utmost halachic sense (although its death does require a full jewish burial, see Avoda Zara 42a,REMA (OC 526:10, HAGAHOS MAIMONIYOS (Hilchos Milah 1:10) and the BI'UR HA'GRA (OC 526, and MAGEN AVRAHAM (ibid) and CHAZON ISH (OC 133:2) as well for a fuller discussion of the requirment to bury a nefel).
Therefore Kaddish is not said for them.
Rav Yitzchak Zilberstein of Ramat Elchanan says that one may recite Kaddish and other aspects of mourning for a baby of 30 days and beyond. But not less. Perhaps one could extrapolate from that, that a baby less than 30 days, no Kaddish is recited:

צדוק הדין וקדיש נוהגים לומר אפילו בתינוק בן שלושים יום ומעלה ולא
  בפחות. (גשר החיים י"ב י"א) ומנהג ירושלים שאם יש מנין על יד הקבר אומרים
  שם קדיש על תינוק בן שלושים ומעלה, וגם בבית האבל אומרים קדיש ומתפללים
  (ויש נוהגים אפילו בלמוד משניות) הגם שקטן ודאי נקי מחטא, ומה מקום
  להתפלל עליו? אפשר לומר, מי יודע איזה בעל נשמה היה הקטן (ואולי חטא
  בגלגול קודם). גם עושים מנין בבית האבל בשביל האבל שיוכל להתפלל בציבור.
Comment: I would love to see that Midrash inside, except AFAIK the Or Zarua is the earliest source for it. What do you mean by "a son saying (?) Shiva for his father"? Finally, someone should be able to read your post and understand it. They shouldn't have to look up the sources to follow your logic.
Comment: I don't understand your answer at all. Where do you see chiyuv avelut in that story???
Comment: Read it again then, look at the medrash inside first. then ask questions. the Medrash is talking about a SON SAYING SHIVA FOR HIS FATHER (i.e son is chayav to sit shiva for his father...)
Comment: Often when there is no one who sits Shiva someone else takes on saying Kaddish.
Comment: Therefore lack of Shiva doesn't imply lack of Kaddish.

Kaddish for an unborn child


Can any other saiyan attain Super Saiyan Rage?

Question: Trunks's new transformation, also known as "Super Saiyan Rage" has only been achieved by him. Neither Goku, Vegeta or Gohan has achieved it. We don't know much what it's required to acquire this transformation, one of the requirements seems to be being extremely furious, but this doesnt seem to be the only one. Gokú was very furious when in Super Saiyan Blue he was told Chichi and Gotenk were killed in another dimesion, he had an increase in power but he didnt transform into Super Saiyan Rage. Gohan had been many times very furious, particulary the time when he already had acquired the super saiyan 2 level, when Spopovich almost kills Videl, he didnt turn into Super Saiyan Rage. And particulary Vegeta, when he was already a Super Saiyan 2, and Beerus slaps Bulma, he was so furious than when being in Super Saiyan 2 it is said by others (Roshi, Beerus, etc) that he surpassed the power of Goku's super saiyan 3, but he didnt become super saiyan rage. What does this mean then? Can any other saiyan become super saiyan rage?
Answer: Trunks's first actual super saiyan transformation was when he saw his role model Gohan die after that he got really angry and swore revenge on the androids.
A reason Goku cant get super saiyan rage is even though he got mad and transformed into a super saiyan and wanted to avenge Krillin he wasn't as mad as Trunks as you could see Trunks got so mad that his tears were being vaporised off his face.
A reason it didn't happen for Vegeta was that he was super Vegeta, a custom super saiyan based more on ki based attacks and super Vegeta can only transform twice so he still wasn't as mad as Trunks.
Comment: In all honesty......the vaporised tears I thought of a side effect of the power he was streaming out not the anger exactly.
Answer: Maybe it's a transformation only half-Saiyans can get.
With the exception of Vegeta turning mad against Beerus and reaching a level close to SSJ3 (x4 multiplier), the only Saiyans who seem to get such incredible boost of power with rage are Gohan and Trunks who are half-Saiyans. Gohan, when against Frieza, got a power boost from around 20,000 to close a million to be able to take him down (over x20 for sure). Also, when against Raditz, he just went from the power level of a regular kid to 1,300. Trunks with Super Saiyan Rage went from a level near SSJ2-SSJ3 to the level of a Super Saiyan Blue.
When Goku fought Beerus in SSJ3, Beerus was using less than 1% of his power, later he used 70% of his power IIRC. Then, Super Saiyan God boosted his power x60 times from SSJ3. That means when Trunks jumped from SSJ2 to Super Saiyan Rage (he got a boost with a lower bound of at least x60 times), the lower bound is more likely 960x times since he jumped from SSJ2 to a transformation that goes beyond SSJ3, Super Saiyan God and close or over Super Saiyan Blue. Adding all the multipliers of these transformations (we know the multiplier for SSJ3 is x4 SSJ2 and the multiplier of SSJGod most likely has a lower bound of x60, then we know nothing about the multiplier of Super Saiyan Blue. Most likely, it has a lower bound of x4. Otherwise, it wouldn't make sense to use it in many situations since it drains your power and stress you more than Super Saiyan God)
Answer: Trunks always had Super Saiyan Rage but he couldn't fully harness its power, not until he absorbed Goku's Genki Dama (spirit bomb) like when Vegeta did the same thing in fusion reborn (I know that it isn't canon but it is to prove a point) and Goku absorbed a Genki Dama in Super Android 13.
The point is that when a Super Saiyan absorbs a Genki Dama, their dormant Super Saiyan energy is released.
Answer: Trunks and Vegeta did rage when Beerus smacked Bulma. And for Trunks, it was kind of an emotional thing when he thought he was weak and couldn't defeat Goku Black and Zamasu.
Answer: Well..goku can use super saiyan rage all he has to do is channel so much rage use super saiyan 2 and obsorb the spirit bomb which should be step one and if goku does all of that he can go super saiyan rage but he doesn't need to cause he has got ssb and it is clearly stronger


Question about using SSO Connected App

Question: I was wondering if someone can help me with an issue I have with Single Sign On. I have implemented a Single Sign on with one of our Third Party app using "Connected Apps" in Salesforce. SSO works fine, but I want to pass some additional information such as Account Name, Type, Industry etc. So that a new account is created in Third Party app along with SSO. is there a way I can accomplish this ? I want to pass SAML as well as JSON attribute in the SAML request. This Third Party app allows creating account in SAML request.
Comment: Is this what you are looking for? https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/80065/how-to-add-custom-fields-to-saml-response
Comment: Thank you dana. I`m already using Custom Attributes to pass additional information that Third party app requires. My questions is more about passing information dynamically. For example, can I create a button on Account which will establish a SSO and well as pass on Account related information ( a JSON format) to Third Party app.  Is there a way to do this using Connected App or writing a manual VF code?
Answer: You can do it in a slightly roundabout way by having the trigger event (click on your button) call ApEx/VF code that collects and writes your desired payload to some standard or custom object or merely persists some state (such as Account Id) somewhere. The connected app can then retrieve this payload/state and dynamically create the right attributes. The latter step has to be done in ApEx (can't be in VF) via Connected App plugin: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_class_Auth_ConnectedAppPlugin.htm
Comment: Thank you identigral. This workaround makes sense. I will give this a try. Thank you again!

Question about using SSO Connected App


After upgrade to 3.7 Save & Cancel buttons moved at bottom of edit page

Question: When upgrading from 3.6.5 to 3.7, the button's bar (Save, Cancel and Version buttons) is moved from top to bottom of the edit screen.
I did a fresh install of Joomla 3.7.2 and the problem appears again: when I edit an article, the button bar is below the content of the articles.
This is really annoying. Classically, they are at the top of the edit page. I think that's the best position.
Is this normal ? Does anyone know how to put them back to the top ?
NB: the template is the default protostar.
Best regards
Answer: It is normal - they have moved to the bottom in that release.
The buttons are part of com_content.
You can move them to the top by copying components\com_content\views\form\tmpl\edit.php to templates\protostar\html\com_content\form\edit.php and updating the code so that the following code appears just below the opening <form> tag, rather than at the bottom of the page.

            <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="Joomla.submitbutton('article.save')">
                <?php echo JText::_('JSAVE') ?>
            </button>

            <button type="button" class="btn" onclick="Joomla.submitbutton('article.cancel')">
                <?php echo JText::_('JCANCEL') ?>
            </button>

        <?php if ($params->get('save_history', 0) && $this->item->id) : ?>

            <?php echo $this->form->getInput('contenthistory'); ?>

        <?php endif; ?>

You can also do this via the template manager.
Go to Extensions > Templates > Templates, select Protostar, select create overrides, com_content and then form.  You can then browse to the file on the left under html/com_content/form.
I'd personally say to only do this if it is important to you.  Whilst overrides are an acceptable way to change core code, it can mean that patches are not properly applied if you don't take the time to update your overrides should that view have changed.
Comment: Thanks ! How do you know that ? Could be useful for the next change... Too bad for the videos I made for my users...
Comment: Finding a view to override is usually quite intuitive when you understand how components work. Any layout to do with articles is most likely going to be under com_content.
Comment: I mean "how do you know they decided to move the buttons ?" :) I googled a lot and didn't find any info about that change ... until now.
Comment: Ah right - I looked at the core code - it had changed.
Comment: A very nice guy, sozzled, suggested me to put the buttons at a top left fixed position. The discussion may be found in the [Joomla forum](https://forum.joomla.org/viewtopic.php?f=707&t=951190)
Answer: Here is a solution that puts the buttons top-left of screen and makes them stay there (floating position).
No override, just some CSS lines in my-copy-of-protostar/css/user.css :
.form-validate > .btn-toolbar:not(.pull-left) {
    position: fixed;
    top: 14px;
    left: 6px;
    background-color: antiquewhite;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: antiquewhite;
    border-radius: 15px;
    padding: 3px;
    z-index: 1500;
}

form-validate is the div that contains the editor area.
There are 2 buttons bar (btn-toolbar) in that area. Only one is pulled to the left, the extension buttons bar (which permit to insert a Read More link, a Page Break etc.). The other one contains the Save, Cancel & Versions buttons that I want to pull top left as a float.
z-index is here for the buttons to stay over other stuff I have in the header.
This can be interpreted as : concerning the class btn-toolbar, when embedded in a class form-validate and not in a class pull-left do what is in the {}.
Thanks to sozzled and Richard B.


Can't train up 'Restoration' for some reason

Question: I found that once I hit 'Master' status with my restoration spells it was easier to just fork out gold and train it up 5 times with each time that I leveled. I know for certain that I'd done this with two of my character levels (ie - I'd go to the restoration trainer and train my restoration skill 5 times - the max). Anyway, so I hit level 90 in restoration, and I wanted to be sure that I'd trained it up 5 times before I leveled my character again, so I went to the master restoration trainer (I forget her name) in Whiterun. But for some reason she didn't have the chat option visible to let me train up with her. I could only assume that it had something to do with hitting 90 (like some sort of cap on paying gold to train up). Is this the case? Once you hit 90 can you no longer train up a skill?
Answer: That is correct, you can only train spells and skills up to 90.  Beyond that you'll have to do it the hard way and use the skills.
However, there is an one time use item called the Oghma Infinium that can potentially provide a +5 boost to restoration if you find training it up to 100 takes too long.
And there is also a related glitch if you want to abuse it to get it to 100.
Comment: Thanks for the info. I avoid taking advantages of bugs (because it tends to take the sense of difficulty out of the game), so I'll just stick to leveling it up the right way.
Answer: Master trainers can only train you to level 90. If you want to get the Restoration to 100, look for a trap [mostly a flame trap] and repeatedly cast close wounds.


Do I put vinegar in the water when poaching an egg?

Question: Does the water need to boil or just be hot? Do I need to put salt and vinegar in the water or just salt? And if it needs vinegar, what kind? How long do I leave it in the water to get the white solid but not the yolk? I do not like raw egg white, so this is very important for me. But the tricky part is to have the yolk nice and runny though...
Comment: Hi, Anja, and welcome. Perhaps write this as a bulleted list. A paragraph with a bunch of questions might get less responses.
Answer: By far the most important factor in a nice poached egg is the freshness of the egg.
Fresh eggs shouldn't need vinegar to help them set, but It can help with an older egg, whose white has started to go a bit runnier. Vinegar does leave a flavor, but if you're poaching your eggs ahead of time and putting them in iced water to stop them cooking, that does seem to wash it out.
Salting the water will toughen an egg, better to season it after it comes out.
A large egg, starting at room temperature, in barely simmering water (trembling) will take 3 1/2 minutes to just solidify the white, and leave the yolk very fluid. If you want your yolk more viscous, another half minute.
Answer: In my experience, while vinegar will hold the whites together a bit, it can toughen the egg, and adds what I consider to be an unpleasant taste. If your concerned about keeping the whites from spreading and streaking, use a fine mesh tea-strainer to get rid of the excess moisture from the eggs. This will also help the egg white solidify faster without affecting the cooking of the yolk.
As for the water, it should be barely simmering.


Blackman-Tukey periodogram?

Question: I have been reading about the non-parametric estimation of the spectral density, and I'm particularly interested in the Blackman-Tukey method. If we take the rectangular window we will have the truncated periodogram, computed on a reduced covariance sequence length $M$, where $M<N$:
$$\hat{P}(\omega)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{M-1}\hat{r}(k)e^{-jk\omega}$$
where $\hat{r}(k)$ is the estimate of the covariance of the sample and $\omega$ is the frequency of interest. What I'm having trouble is: first, how do we choose our new sample of length $M$? could someone please explain how it does actually work without being too technical, like this explanation on how does the Bartlett method works
Answer: The resolution of the Blackman-Tukey periodogram estimator is $\mathcal{O}(1/M)$, whereas its variance is on the $\mathcal{O}(M/N)$. This compromise between resolution and variance is to be considered when choosing the window's length.
I have paraphrased Peter Stoica's beautiful explanation from here (check Section 2.5)
Comment: Yes, Toney. Sorry, I don't have any examples right now. But a quick google search gives multiple ones.
Comment: so we just calculate the periodogram using the truncated estimated covariance? Is there any example that computes the BM periodogram?

Blackman-Tukey periodogram?


Projecting a vector field onto a H(div) space

Question: I've got a uniform quadrangular mesh and for each node there's a vector quantity $u$ defined. I also have a non-aligned material interface across the mesh. Now I need that vector quantity to have a zero jump across the interface
$[u\cdot n]=0$ where $n$ is the interface normal. I want to project $u$ into another space that satisfies this condition. Could I use Raviart-Thomas finite element for this case? I have never worked with RT elements and I was wondering if they could be built using an arbitrary direction instead of the element's normal (recall that the interface normal is not aligned with the elements and also that I am only interested in having $[u\cdot n]=0$, whereas the other components can have non-zero jumps) Thanks.
Answer: In the interior of cells, the Raviart-Thomas functions are continuous. As a consequence, the normal component is of course also continuous and the jump is zero. That may not be the case at places where the interface intersects cell boundaries, though. The set of these intersection points, however, consists of a finite number of points along a curve in 2d, or similar in 3d, i.e., a lower-dimensional manifold.
That said, I'm surprised that you need the condition $[u \cdot n]=0$. Typically, one would require that the flux across an interface separating two materials is continuous. The flux is usually a material constant times the vector-valued solution.
Comment: Yes. $u$ would be my flux in this case. My problem is that my material interface is not explicitly defined. It's defined with a QUAD4 LAGRANGE element that takes 1 or 0 values. In the interface the element will have 0 and 1 as nodal values. This makes the material actually continuous, but with a strong gradient and discontinuous in the limit.
Comment: So in that case, how exactly do you even define what it means for $[u \cdot n]$ to be zero?
Comment: The normal can be calculated using several elements. It is true that given that the material field is actually continuous, there are no $[u \cdot n]$ and that I could just have $\nabla \cdot u$ (no body forces in my laplace equation) I wanted to enforce $[u \cdot n]$ because it would be the situation in the limit.

Sorry I should have included more details in my question.


Is there a difference between "riechen" and "wittern"?

Question: As far as I can tell, these words are pretty much synonyms. "Wittern" seems to be more related to hunting, like smelling out prey, but I'm not sure.
Answer: If used verbatim, "wittern" refers more to detecting a smell over a distance. A similar English expression would be "to get wind of something", which also includes the idea of the wind or the air transporting the smell to the nose. "Riechen" is more general. If you for example take a bar of soap in your hand and smell at it, you'd "riechen" the fragrance, but not "wittern" it. Maybe, if the soap store has a lot of strong frangrances, you'd "wittern" them as soon as you open the door ;)
"Riechen" can either be used intransitively with the "sender" of the odor as the subject (Die Seife riecht gut "the soap smells nice") or transitively so that the origin of the odor is the object (Ich rieche die Seife "I smell the soap").
Figuratively, both verbs can be used to express that you detect something, for example

Er wittert die Chance, etwas Geld zu verdienen.

Das riecht nach einem Betrugsversuch.
Comment: best answer. I'd also add that "wittern" is typically used for animals and only rarely do we say that a human "wittert" something, except when speaking metaphorically.
Answer: Your impression is partly correct. The meaning of passively "riechen" and "wittern" have a lot of overlap, with "riechen" more in everyday use.
"riechen" can occur actively, that something smells, and passively through olfactory receptors.
https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/riechen
"wittern" is indeed a bit hunting jargon, to smell the air if it carries a scent, or to have a premonition or anticipation that something is about to happen.
https://www.duden.de/suchen/dudenonline/wittern
Answer: "Wittern" has a concrete meaning and a figurative one.
The concrete meaning is overlapping with "Riechen" but the process of perceiving a smell is more active and more subtle/sensitive. And usually it's related to sense the smell of someone or something that poses a (potential) threat or that is a potential prey. The context is usually serious.
It's (usually) not used for catching the smell a nicely flowering scent or comparable.
"Wittern" is also kind of an active process. A hunting dog can start and try to "witter" before he actually has smelt anything.
In a figurative sense "Wittern" stands for the notion/intuition/inspiration that something is an indicator of something else, though it's at all not obvious.
And usually it's something of importance in a negative or positive way. You would not use "Wittern" for perceiving something trivial.
Answer: "Wittern" also has a meaning apart from "riechen". But it is taken out of the hunting context.
It can also mean something similar to "to have a feeling something is up/wrong". If I am remembering correctly it can also be translated to "smell" in this sense.
"Ich wittere Verrat" -> "I smell treason"
Comment: "Wittern also has a meaning apart from riechen" - Isn't that the case with "riechen" as well? "Ich rieche Ärger" ("I sense trouble", somewhat related to "smells fishy" -> "sounds strange") or "Ich kann dich nicht riechen" (-> "I don't like you").
Answer: I woud say that normally you use "riechen" for humans while "wittern" is mostly used for animals like dogs.
"Hunde nehmen Witterung (eines Tieres) auf"
"Das riecht aber streng sagt Hans"
But it depends a little on the usage/meaning.
Like said by @henning-kockerbeck "eine Chance wittern" is a "human usage" for wittern.
But right now I don't remember another "human usage" for wittern.
Comment: Du verschiebst die Fragestellung hier aber auf ein Substantiv (Witterung), wo bei einem richtigen Satz ein Artikel stehen würde (Hunde nehmen die Witterung auf) und analog "den Geruch" ebenso stehen kann. Beim zweiten Beispiel benutzt Du den Passiv (der Käse riecht ja nicht mit seiner Nase, also kann er auch nicht wittern, allenfalls verwittern). "Animals like dogs" ist auch ein merkwürdiger Gegensatz zu Menschen. Nicht nur Jäger wittern Beute, sondern auch Gejagten die Gefahr (wie das Reh).


Why isn't there a [mj]/m̃ in the IPA?

Question: We all know the nasal ɲ, found in a variety of languages including the Spanish ñ. However, instead of n, why not m or more specifically [mj]? Why are these 2 consonants not considered one, unlike [nj] being ɲ? It maybe be not be easy to pronounce [mj] fluidly, but with a tiny bit of practice it can be mastered.
Comment: /mj/ can be said with ease by any competent speakers of English. "I'm young" is [aɪ̯mjʌŋ] which includes the cluster albeit across a syllable boundary, and in rapid speech will often lose the first syllable entirely, reducing to [mjʌŋ] with the cluster even in one syllable (although this tautosyllabic [mj] may indeed be absent in some people's English)
Comment: It is a mistake to think that [nj] is the same as [ɲ]. Consider the most obvious fact: [nj] represents _two_ sounds, and [ɲ] is _one_ sound. 2≠1
Answer: You may be misunderstanding what the IPA symbols describe.  Nasals are by definition pulmonal sounds where the air is released through the nose, while being stopped by an occlusion in the mouth.
[m, n, ɲ] are a series of these with varying position: for [m], the closure is created at the front, by closing both lips.  For [n], it's a behind that, between the tip of the tongue and the place behind the teeth.  [ɲ] is further back, between the middle of the tongue and the palate.  This continues with a couple of other sounds.
The fact that [ɲ] is written as <ñ> is merely a historical accident.  Latin and Greek had letters for [m] and [n], but not [ɲ]; so languages where [ɲ] has a separate meaning have to come up with another symbol.  Similarly, on the invention of IPA, people created new symbols like <ɲ> to cover the space of possible combinations systematically.
Now, what exactly do you mean by [mj]/[m̃]? The superscript tilde in IPA is used for nasalization -- but nasals are already, by definition, nasal, so this is superfluous.
Maybe you're thinking of palatalization, [mʲ], where in addition to the other positions of a consonant, the tongue is moved closer to the palate.  This is possible, but probably rare as phoneme.  ([nʲ] and [ɲ] are pretty close and often historically related, but not equal.)
Finally, you might be thinking of something like a double articulation between [m] and [ɲ], which is achieved by simultaneously closing at both places.  Possible, but even rarer.
Anyway, the idea of why there isn't a separate letter for whatever you mean is: because it is not a primary articulation, but a "derivation" from the "primitive" [m], and [ɲ] is another "primitive", not derived from [m] or [n].
Comment: so @Jasperrolla is your question meant to ask why no language seems to use  to represent [mʲ]? I'll note that English has phonetic [mʲ] (eg in 'mutate'), and Irish has phonemic /mʲ/, which contrasts with /mˠ/ but the contrast is indicated by adjacent vowel symbols rather than a different glyph.
Comment: @LjL That is answered here: https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/a/20198/27292.
Comment: That was a mistake, I have meant to include  instead of the IPA [] as the romanization of [mj] in order to represent it, as some languages (rarely) use the tilde to represent a consonant palatalization.
Comment: "[nʲ] and [ɲ] are pretty close and often historically related, but not equal." ← since you state these in square bracket notation, could you briefly describe the physical difference for me or point to somewhere that does? Superscripts in IPA often get me confused with their similiarity-but-difference to other things.
Comment: @GastonÜmlaut No, I was looking for a letter to represent [mj], and since there is no tailed m like ɲ I decided to represent it as m̃.

Why isn't there a [mj]/m̃ in the IPA?


How do I find the chord progressions for sheet music?

Question: Just wondering if someone could give me some steps to working out the chord progression of sheet music ie. chord IV or II etc. How do I know what is what?
Comment: Check out this question I think it may be what you want to know: http://music.stackexchange.com/q/27098
Answer: Simply put you analyze the score. You need some rudimentary knowledge of nonchord notes and the like. Let me give you an example to aid your comprehension. This is an excerpt from the piano piece La Romanesca by Franz Liszt. They key is a minor.

In the first bar, we have the melody in the right hand and the harmony in the left. The left-hand jumps from A to down to E and back to A hinting strongly at the tonic chord (a:i)
In the melody, the chord notes are the E, C and A with the D being an Accented Passing Note along with the B.
In bar 2 the harmony is still in the left hand and here we have an E jumping to a G sharp and back down to a B. This is the dominant chord of a minor (a:V).
The melody jumps only to and from chordal notes.
In bar 3 we know seem to have two chords in a bar in 3,1 we have the harmony jumping from A, E, and C. Tonic chord (a:i). In the melody, we have two chordal notes and a unaccented passing note (B)
In bar 3,2 we have the harmony jumping between E and G sharp. The melody only has chordal notes.
In bar 4,1 the harmony jumps between A, E and C and the melody only has chordal notes (C and A). In bar 4,2 the opening motif repeats.
In bar 5,1 the harmony jumps between A and E indicating the tonic chord and in 5,2 a third of the chord is introduced in the harmony.
The melody in bar 5 has the chordal notes E, C and A and has a accented passing note in D and B.
In bar 6 we have the harmony jumping between the notes E, G sharp and B. So here we are back to dominant (a:V). The melody only jumps between chordal notes.
In the last bar we have the harmony jumping between A, E, and C. Tonic again and in the second bar, we have the dominant chord again.
Answer: First of all, you need to find what scale the song is in (if any). This will be determined by the key signature and if it's a minor scale, there might be some accidentals.
After you've found out what scale you are in, you need to see what notes are being played and make out which chord they form. For instance, you might see that the notes being played are C,E,C and G. These notes form the C major chord.
Next, check the scale and see what roman numeral corresponds to that chord. For instance, In the C major scale, the C major chord would be I. On the F major scale, the C major chord would be a V etc.
Comment: And be aware that there may be plenty of chords that aren't "in the scale" but in no way imply a modulation.  For instance, bVII (Bb major chord in the key of C) is common in pop and rock music.
Comment: What scale you're in, or what KEY?


What length of time should one spend looking for a combination, and what factors should one consider?

Question: Taking time control into account, how long should one take when looking for a combination?  Also, what factors should one consider when looking for a combination?
Comment: Don't just look for combinations; instead, learn to create board positions that include tactical opportunities.
Comment: Dan Heisman has written extensively on this at Novice Nook on the Chess Cafe web site. http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman10.pdf
Comment: @RobertKaucher - I love Dan Heisman's Novice Nook articles. I read them all the time.
Comment: His articles took me from a Class C player to a Class A on Chess.com. I'm just now getting back into tournament play this year. Hoping I can translate the learning.
Comment: @RobertKaucher - Wow, that is incredible, I will revisit his articles again.  I also watch his videos on ICC.
Answer: That's a very general question that I don't think you will get a solid answer for. The chance of a powerful combination being available depends largely on the pieces each side has available and developed. So the answer varies based on what stage the game is in and the positions of each side.
Instead I would focus on identifying the types of combinations you are comfortable with, and start to learn to identify boards where those combinations MAY be present, and others where the combinations is not present. If you can speed up your identification you can determine on the fly how much time to spend on evaluating each potential move.
Comment: But aren't there certain factors such as hanging pieces one can look for?  or am I confusing tactics with combinations?
Comment: @xaisoft - I'm not certain about "hanging pieces" myself but that is what I am talking about generally. Learning the situations when it is more likely, and in that situation you should spend more time looking for those combinations. For tactics I would say the same advice holds true. Certain tactics are more likely to work with certain piece arrangements.
Answer: The time spent on looking for combinations is a function of board position.
If you have few active pieces, spend minimal time looking for combinations, and more time developing strategic plans.
As more pieces come into play you will look for combinations more, particularly if there are open lines for attack. Ideally, you eventually arrive at a board position where there simply must be a combination available. At this point you search until you find it.
Answer: While good players are always alert for tactics, there are a few key "signals" that indicate that tactics and combinations might be available.
Loose Pieces
If there are one or more enemy pieces that are hanging or under-defended, you should look for tactics that attack that piece.  For example, if a bishop is defended by an enemy queen and attacked by a friendly rook then the bishop is under-defended.
Weak King
If the enemy king does not have many friendly pieces around it, then it might be possible to stir up an attack.  If the king is castled, look for ways to disturb the pawn shield in front of the king, or look to see if the h7 square can be attacked.  For example, a Greek gift sacrifice might be possible.
If the king has not castled, then be alert for tactics based on the f7 square.  f7 is frequently weak because only the king defends this pawn.
Lead in Development
If you have a moderate lead in development (an extra piece or two developed), then it is frequently possible to do something useful with the extra forces.  Most usually this is an attack on the enemy king, but it could be something as simple as gaining a space advantage too.
Enemy Piece Low on Squares
If an enemy piece doesn't have many squares to which it can safely move, it might be possible to trap the piece.  This most often happens with the enemy queen, but it is possible to trap rooks, knights, and bishops as well.  Here's an example from one of my own games:

Solution:

1...Re1+ 2.Kg2 Be3! -+

Moves to Consider
If you have decided to look for tactics, you should consider all of the checks available as well as all of the captures.  This may sound slightly radical, but almost all tactics will fall into one of these two categories.  Moves that place a piece close to the enemy king should also be studied.  Almost all chess tactics are based on double attacks (or double "threats"), so look for moves that unmask an attack (discovered attack) or that fork two pieces.
Amount of Time to Spend
Depending on how much time you have left, you should spend as much time as you need to look at all of the possibilities.  If you have only 5 minutes left, then it might be prudent to just look at obvious moves fairly quickly, but if you have more than an hour left on the clock, there is no excuse for missing a winning tactic.
With practice you will be able to look at all of the captures and whittle them down to one to three worth considering very quickly.  For example, sacrificing a queen for a bishop should at least be checked out (it's a capture), but almost all the time it is sufficient to look just another move further and decide that there is no follow up.  The best players spend over an hour on a single move if it is possible that there is a winning attack in the cards.  The biggest reason for this is that they are able to win with just a few minutes left on the clock, so it is worth the initial time investment in order to gain a winning position.
To conclude, here's another example from one of my own games.  I was black, and I got to this position.  Notice that I am up a piece, but black now has a knockout blow to end the game immediately.  I spent some time looking for tactics because the enemy king is weak and the king is also low on squares (only can play Kxg2).  Since it is likely that a successful tactic will win the game, I was willing to spend about half of my remaining time on the move (although I spent significantly less than that in the game).  I had about 35 minutes left.

1...Bxg3! 2.hxg3 Qh5 0-1
Answer: I am trying to give an answer from a practical point of view.
(Disclaimer: the answer is essentially opinion based).
Let us look at the thought process when one plays chess. Suppose it is your turn to move. What you look for depends a lot on the position at hand (and your playing style). You would notice the tactical and/or positional resources first (your resources and your opponent's resources). Unless you have a clear target, you should rely on judgement and intuition and play a move that improves your position and/or helps achieve your overall game plan (or stop your opponent's). If you have a clear target (eg: I have multiple ways to threaten checkmate),  then start calculating.
You should start looking for a combination only when you have multiple resources at hand (similar to two weakness principle of Steinitz). The following are some of the resources:

sufficient lead in material (eg: at least a lead of a minor piece)
better piece activity and/or coordination
(almost) trapped opponent pieces (higher their value, the better; the king is the best)
opponent king is vulnerable (eg: your pieces eye the squares around opponent's king, (ii) opponent king is (almost) out in the open)
you have a sequence of forcing moves
you have protected passed pawns about to promote

So, how much time you should spend on looking for a possibility of a combination? Depends on how many resources you have and how good those resources are. I would recommend spending more time on spotting your resources than the calculation. Even when a combination exists, it may be hard to spot if you start calculating from the position. Sometimes, you have to think about what pattern/theme you want to achieve, and then look for ways to make it possible.
By the way, you should look for ways to cash out your advantages if all your advantages are temporary (for details, see the end of this page).
Kudos.


What should one do who was baptised twice in the Catholic and Orthodox Churches?

Question: I just found out my parents baptized me twice as a baby in two Christian Churches: Catholic and Orthodox. I am concerned, is it bad to be baptized twice? What can I do to sort this out?
Comment: What exactly is your concern?
Comment: Are you attending, or in contact with, a church now? If so it would really be best to speak to the priest there as he will be able to ask relevant questions and then advise you what, if anything, is needed to regularise your situation. We cannot tell you what you should be. However you did nothing wrong when a baby.  You will need to find out, if possible, which baptism came first.
Comment: I have read it is bad to be baptised in different religions
Comment: Related for the catholic perspective: https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/44841/what-is-the-consequence-of-being-baptized-twice-according-to-the-catholic-churc?rq=1
Comment: I deleted all the comments that were chatty or attempting to answer the question.  I think this needs more clarification.  Georgia, we kind of need to know what you want to know - who are you concerned about having it be bad to baptized twice.  Your local church should be able to help you sort out what to do (we don't provide advice here with respect to what to do), but we should be able to answer in broad strokes what the effects (if any) of being baptized twice are.
Comment: Also, to potential answers, please respect the given denominations until more information is given (or VTC if you think it is too vague) - there's nothing to indicate in this question that anything other than an Orthodox or Catholic answer is appropriate to this question.
Comment: I read i will go to hell :( but it wasnt really my fault
Comment: Georgia, do who know which baptism was first and which faith do you desire to follow? I believe I can thus give you an answer.
Comment: Catholic baptism was first
Answer: I'll answer from the Catholic point of view, because I'm Catholic, but I think the Orthodox would agree (just interchange "Catholic" and "Orthodox" in the rest of this answer). Your first baptism is presumably valid (unless it was done in some weird way --- it's possible to mess up a baptism to the point of invalidity, but that very rarely happens). The sacrament of baptism can only be received once, so your second baptism is invalid, i.e., it's not really a baptism at all. The Catholic Church regards Orthodox baptisms as valid (and vice versa, as far as I know). So from the Catholic point of view, you're validly baptized, no matter which of your two baptisms came first.  If you've been practicing the Catholic faith (attending mass, receiving communion, going to confession, etc.) all along, you have nothing to worry about. If you haven't been practicing the Catholic faith but want to begin, you should consult a priest about what you need to do.  That may involve receiving instruction in the faith, it may involve making a general confession, or it may involve other things that don't occur to me just now. It should not involve baptism unless there's reason to suspect that both of your previous baptisms were invalid.
Edit: A comment requested sources for this information. The one I have handy is "Moral Theology" by Fr. Heribert Jone, which I consider reliable because it was recommended to me by a traditional Catholic priest and because no one has given me any reason to doubt it. Baptism is treated in detail in Sections 464 to 486. In particular, see Section 472 concerning validity of baptism by non-Catholics and Section 473 for the impossibility of being validly baptized twice.
Comment: I deleted the other answers on this post because there weren't from a Catholic or Orthodox perspective, this one is probably more right - but could definitely needs sourcing (The Catholic Church does regard Orthodox Baptisms as valid, it should be very easy for you to prove that)
Comment: As far as I know a rule in the CIC states that you cannot become Catholic that easily if you are baptized Orthodox (unless you get married with a Catholic). Officially being Orthodox has the consequence that you cannot receive sacraments from a Catholic priest with exception of Holy Communion. (Note that Marriage is officially not received from the priest but from the spouse, so you cannot receive this sacrament from a Catholic priest anyway.)
Answer: Being Orthodox, it is my understanding that to practice Orthodoxy it is best to speak to a priest in such a case; he may have to consult those above him with regards to your case. Your baptisms may need to be looked further into.
If your Orthodox baptism is considered invalid you may be required to undergo chrismation; a Catholic baptism is not considered automatically 'good'.


Infinite Universe and Big Bang

Question: A common view now in the physics community is that the Universe is infinite in extent (which makes Hubble sphere an infinitely small part of the Universe).
On the other hand, there is the Big Bang theory which states that the Universe began about 14 billion years ago.
So, how can the Universe be both infinite and have a beginning?  Or does the Big Bang only apply to the Hubble sphere?
Comment: Related: http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/136831/
Comment: Possible duplicate: http://physics.stackexchange.com/q/1915/2451 and links therein.
Answer: The solution arises during the inflationary epoch. It is hypothesised that some sort of phase transition during the first moments of the universe drove a tremendous expansion/inflation of space by many, many orders of magnitude. A few details are in the link. I'm not sure that an "infinite" universe is the prevailing view; just very much larger than the observable universe.
The thing is that this faster-than-light, exponential expansion of space effectively isolates different parts of the original universe meaning that our little patch is just part of a much greater whole. It simultaneously explains why the universe is "flat", and highly isotropic and homogeneous, and most importantly for this question, addresses the "horizon problem".
The first section of the wikipedia entry on the exponentially growing scale factor during the inflationary epoch would be useful reading.
Comment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

"Many textbooks erroneously state that a flat universe implies an infinite universe; however, the correct statement is that a flat universe that is also simply connected implies an infinite universe. For example, Euclidean space is flat, simply connected and infinite, but the torus is flat, multiply connected, finite and compact."
Comment: @David What's your point? We don't know that we live in an *exactly* flat universe. The sentence from wikipedia simply means that even if we did you could not say that the universe was infinite.
Comment: So then you are saying that the Universe in fact does have a curve?  Because if it is completely flat AND finite, that would imply an edge.  Which would be weird and violate the assumption that there are no "special" places in the Universe.
Comment: @David It's "flat" (in the sense of spacetime curvature) to about 1%. The 2d analogy is to imagine a grid on the surface of a ballon. If you massively inflate the balloon, the grid square you live in looks flat to you. But there is no edge.
Comment: I think I was just answering my own question :)
But your response is the best I got it.  Response accepted.
Answer: If the Universe is infinite, then it had instantly grew from zero to infinity at the moment of Big Bang.
Note, that this is a possible model from General Relativity (GR).
But most probably GR is not applicable at the moment of Big Bang, because it contains singularity.
Comment: The Universe could be microscopic, if it was finite. But FLRW metric tells it can be both finite or infinite. Observations tell it is most probably infinite, hence it never was microscopic. But any length unit, like 1 megaparsec, if propagated back it time, was microscopic.
Comment: Hasn't the universe [always been infinite](http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/9419/how-can-something-finite-become-infinite) in extent? Even when all the stuff in it was in the same place?
Comment: I don't think it's true, Dims.  What you said violates the basic tenets of Big Bang and Inflationary theories.  Namely that after the Big Bang but before the inflation, the universe was microscopic.  Right after the inflation it became visible to the naked eye, but still smaller than a basketball.
Answer: Infinity also pertains to time not just gravity. Time just didn't start 14 billion years ago what was before that negative time?  and you haven't mentioned dark matter which is supposed to make up 75% of all matter in the known universe. Gravity as you say should be slowing down the rate of expansion eventually collapsing the universe when In fact the universe is expanding at an increasing rate possibly caused buy dark matter ?
More that one Big Bang is probable in an infinite number of universes.
There was an infinite amount of time before you were born and an infinite amount of time after you die
And what is time ? no more than a measurement between two points
Comment: Welcome to stack exchange. Unfortunately, this is an "old" question and posting your answer brings it back to the front page. Therefore, please only post answers to old questions, if your contribution is significant. From my perspective your answer has many issues and does not qualify as significant.
Answer: First of all, the universe is not infinite. There is enough reason to disprove an infinite universe model. In such a case, the universe can have a beginning. Reasons to why the universe simply cannot be infinite are as old as the time of Isaac Newton. The problem is gravity. In an infinite universe, the total gravity of the mass it contains would be infinite and the whole universe would collapse into a space of infinite density, a black hole.
On the case of expansion, modern theories such as of inflation, accurately describe certain features what we observe, such as the CMBR (Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation).
Comment: This is wrong. The force of gravity would *not* be infinite, because gravity gets weaker over distance. (I also would not recommend using Newtonian gravity to model the universe.) Furthermore, measurements (e.g. from WMAP) support the theory of an infinite (or at least very large) universe.

Infinite Universe and Big Bang


Mathematical Physics Book Recommendation

Question: I want to learn contemporary mathematical physics, so that, for example, I can read Witten's latest paper without checking other sources again and again to find some basic definitions and theorems. I know it need a long time and intensive efforts, but are there any good books related so that I can follow them in one or two years? I have learned physics theories that come before the quantum field theory, including general relativity. And I know differential geometry, category etc....
Comment: You might want to ask at theoreticalphysics.stackexchange.com instead.
Answer: For topics related to quantum mechanics, I recommend "Mathematical concepts of quantum mechanics" by Gustafson and Sigal.
http://books.google.de/books/about/Mathematical_Concepts_of_Quantum_Mechani.html?id=SxzfDFfeQY8C&redir_esc=y
Answer: I think the 'best' book in your scenario is "Geometry, Topology, and Physics" by Nakahara.  I put this in quotes because I don't think it teaches the physicists true rigorous math (it just skims the surface with a bunch of terminology and only hands you the tools needed to compute some things in physics)... I've tried conversing with all my theoretical physics friends after they learn Algebraic Topology and Differentiable Manifolds through this text, and it's torturous.  But this is just an opinon.  Anyway, the textbook talks about the math that is linked to the physics, so it could benefit you to hear about the physics in this text (there is a lot!).  It's considered ''mandatory'' to be on every theoretical physicist's shelf.
Other than that text, take out any textbook on String Theory (such as the classic one by Green, Schwarz, Witten). There is also the text Quantum Field Theory for Mathematicians, but I don't know how much it will be able to relate to what Witten is doing... I don't think any textbook can help you with what Witten is doing haha.  Only main source seems to be the referenced papers.
Comment: Witten has two coauthors, Green and Schwarz. The textbook by Nakahara is not considered "mandatory" by most theoretical physicists.
Comment: In my opinion, Nakahara's textbook is simply horrible in term of mathematical rigour, so it depends whether or not the OP comes from mathematics or physics. I do agree with you that it's quite torturous conversing with a physicist about geometry or topology whose only background is Nakahara's book!
Comment: @Harvey Sorry I should have included his coauthors for completeness.
Answer: Arnold's "Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics"
Mackey's "Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics"
Barut's "Electrodynamics of Fields and Particles"
Stewart's "Advanced General Relativity"
For quantum field theory/particle/standard model, read the original papers and a couple undergraduate textbooks.
Remember that mathematical physics is still a branch of physics, so that if you think that everything can be reduced to mathematical axioms instead of scientific principles, then prepare to endure terrible headaches when you read works of physicists of Witten's caliber.
Answer: You can get the overview with Zeidler's multi-volume Quantum-Field Theory I, II, III.
Answer: "Equations of Mathematical Physics" by Vladimirov V.S. is great in terms of mathematical rigour. In fact, it emphasizes on maths, not physics, and that gives better understanding of further physical problems. You can find it here


Do only Shiites call Ali ibn Abi Talib "Imam"?

Question: My question is whether calling Ali "Imam Ali" is a shibboleth that reveals that someone is a Shiite or not. I know the basic historical-political and doctrinal differences, including the imamate and the Shia belief that Ali was to be the temporal and spiritual leader of the Islamic community after the death of Muhammad. I assumed, then, that only Shiites would refer to him as "Imam Ali" and that Sunnis would just call him "Ali" or maybe "Caliph Ali." However, today I heard a non-Shiite scholar referring to him as Imam Ali, hence my question. Do non-Shia call him Imam Ali, too? When I search for "Imam Ali" online it seems that all the results are from Shia sources. Thank you in advance.
Answer: As "Imam" in Arabic also means leader it is fine -from this perspective- to call 'Ali ibn Abi Talib an "imam".
See also:
What's the literal meanings of the word "Imam"?,
What is the reason for interpreting word Imam to book in Quran?
and  What is an Imam, is he simply the leader of the jamaat?).
However when sunni's usually call him imam they don't give him the same attributes such as infallibility which shi'a give him. But they say it out of respect for his leadership in different matters be it Arabic language, fiqh or eloquence etc..
Answer: It is possible, but you can not be sure just because of it Ali ibn Abi Talib was an Imam for Sunnis as well:

Caliphate is الإمامة الكبرى the caliph is the great Imam. Ali was one of the four rightly guided caliph.
Leader in congregational prayer is called Imam, Ali lead prayers.
Foremost experts in a field of knowledge (like fiqh or hadith) are called Imam. Ali was Imam in this sense as well.
Answer: Being a non-Shiite, all I can say is that we consider Hazrat Ali(RA) our Imam too, although we don't usually emphasize on it, as we consider the Holy Prophet (SAW) to be the one and only true Leader.
Answer: His blessed name is Hazrat Ali and according to his Sunnis, he is the third person in the Ahl al-Bayt of the Prophet to be named Ali after Imam Ali and Imam Sajjad (as) (Ali ibn al-Hussein).
Its nickname is Hazrat Abolhassan; As Imam Kadhim (PBUH), the revered father of Imam Reza (PBUH) says: "My son is also my nickname".
Although some consider Abu Bakr to be the nickname of the Imam, this is a common saying and his famous nickname is Abu al-Hasan.
Ghias-ud-Din Shafi'i, known as Khawand Amir, says: There are many of his titles, which are: Reza, Hashemi, Alavi, Hosseini, Qarashi, Madani, Wali, Hafi, Saber, Zaki, Zaki Ghaem. The most famous of them is Reza.


Wifi Problem with a B but not a B+ on Google Fiber

Question: I have several Pi's running the latest version of Raspian.  I have just converted my internet to Google Fiber (which has both 2.4 and 5.0).  The B+ models are not having any problem with the wifi.  However, the B models are not working and the errors are inconsistent.  Sometime it sees the network broadcast (along with the others in the area). Sometimes it doesn't.  Sometime I get an IP address then it drops, other times nothing.  I am having problems isolating the problem.  I have spent a significant amount of time working with the interface file.  Hardwired to a router works fine.  I don't see how but could the broadcasting of the 5.0Ghz be causing a problem?  All other devices are working fine.
Answer: One of the improvements in the + models was the amount of power that can be reliably delivered via USB.  Early pis actually had individual polyfuses limiting output per port to ~150 mA.
Those were removed at some point (there's no revision or model number to indicate this), but I believe the total system is still limited to 700 mA, meaning you won't necessarily be able to power any and all USB 2.0 devices, which may demand up to 500 mA.  I have a hard drive that will not run off a B because of this (it needs a powered hub), but works fine directly connected to a B+.
Operating at 5.0 Ghz may be a factor here too.  While it probably doesn't increase overall power consumption, I am pretty sure it does mean higher peak consumption, and this peak draw is the problem.
Comment: It doesn't matter how big a supply you use.  The A/B models will just not reliably provide the 500 mA that USB 2.0 devices *might potentially* use (but the +/2 models should).
Comment: Thanks!  I thought about that.  I double checked and I am on a 5V 2amp connection.  The funny thing is they worked prior to googel fiber.  I am going to attempt to turn off the 5.0ghz. on the Wifi.  Don't think I need to do anything on the dongle itself because it's an N and not a A/C.


Using special pins as gpio

Question: I would like to use I2C and SPI pins as a gpio on my raspberry pi zero w. To be more clear, BCM 3-5-7-11-13-14 pins on the link [1]. I want to disable I2C1, GPCLK0, SPI0, UART, PWM0.  Is it possible and how if so? I assume I need to make changes in dtb files.
Answer: Just make sure all of the interfaces are disabled in 'Raspberry Pi Configuration':

or from the command line 'sudo raspi-config':
Comment: Hmm, that was easy. Does raspi-config app change the pin configuration of cpu within dtb files? Afaik, the configuration of the pins (i2c, uart etx) declared in device tree files.
Answer: Just make sure any reference to SPI, I2C, etc. are commented out in file /boot/config.txt (put a # at the start of the line).
Actually normally no special action is required.  The very act of setting a GPIO to be an INPUT or OUTPUT will break any existing association with SPI, I2C etc.
Answer: I was going to say  that best source for REAL answer is datasheet , unfortunately it is buried in this little snippet:
SYNOPSIS
The function select registers are used to define th
e operation of
the general
purpose I/O
pins. Each of the 54 GPIO pins  has at least two al
ternative functions as defined in section
16.2. The FSEL{n} field determines the functionalit
y of the nth GPIO pin. All unused
alternative function lines are tied to ground and w
ill output a "0" if selected. All pins reset
to normal GPIO input operation.
Of course that implies the "alternate function" is NOT selected in raspi-config as already pointed out.
PS raspi-config IS the "official" place to setup alternate pins function - NOT boot config. BUT I did not verify that!
Comment: `raspi-config` just edits `/boot/config.txt`.  I'm not sure that it is included in any distribution other than the raspberrypi.org Raspbian based distributions.

Using special pins as gpio


Generating the ROC curve for ensemble Classifier

Question: I have 3 classifier models namely Logistic Regression, Linear-SVM, Decision Trees as an ensemble technique. I am using majority voting as the classifier combination method for prediction. But when I try to calculate area under ROC curve in R, the function roc needs response and predicted probabilities(score). The predicted class labels can be calculated by majority voting technique but how to calculate the score and thus calculate area under roc curve and generate roc curve?
Comment: Why are you attempting to compute AUC for a classifier? In building an ROC curve on a posterior model, you are generating confusion matrices at varying thresholds on class membership posteriors. For a classifier, the "threshold" is built into the model, and you just get one confusion matrix; a classifier produces less information than a posterior model.
Answer: Yes, you need score-type output to compute a receiver-operating-curve. With fixed cutoff, you just get a single point.
However, with an aggregated model, you can use the individual votes as score. I.e. if you aggregate the votes of $n$ classifiers, they form a score ranging from 0 positive to $n$ positive votes in the prediction.
For the aggregated prediction of 3 models, the ROC will only have few points corresponding to the at most $n + 1$ different predicted scores you observe, but that is still a valid ROC.
Answer: This is from the documentation on your roc function:

Description
This is the main function of the pROC package. It builds a ROC curve and returns a "roc" object,
  a list of class "roc". This object can be printed, plotted, or passed to the functions auc, ci,
  smooth.roc and coords. Additionally, two roc objects can be compared with roc.test.
Usage
roc(...)
S3 method for class 'formula':
roc(formula, data, ...)
Default S3 method:
roc(response, predictor, controls, cases,
  density.controls, density.cases,
  levels=base::levels(as.factor(response)), percent=FALSE, na.rm=TRUE,
  direction=c("auto", "<", ">"), algorithm = 1, quiet = TRUE,
  smooth=FALSE, auc=TRUE, ci=FALSE, plot=FALSE, smooth.method="binormal",
  ci.method=NULL, density=NULL, ...)
Arguments
response: a factor, numeric or character vector of responses, typically encoded with 0 (controls)
  and 1 (cases). Only two classes can be used in a ROC curve. If the vector
  contains more than two unique values, or if their order could be ambiguous, use
  levels to specify which values must be used as control and case value.
predictor: a numeric vector of the same length than response, containing the predicted
  value of each observation. An ordered factor is coerced to a numeric.

It looks like you have your predictor vector generated from the majority vote results which leaves the response vector. From the documentation it almost seems like it's a vector denoting which data elements are training and which are testing.
You also have this option:

controls, cases:
instead of response, predictor, the data can be supplied as two numeric or ordered
  vectors containing the predictor values for control and case observations.

So you can break it up that way as well.
Answer: ROC relies on the concept of some adjustable 'threshold', that you can vary, like metaphorically turning a nob, in order to adjust the trade-off between precision and recall.

precision: choose only examples where you are really certain, will give high precision, but doing this will lead to low ...
recall: recall means ensuring all positive examples are chosen, at the likely expense of choosing a bunch of examples to be positive, which really are in fact negative, ie 'fast positives'

To trade off between these two extremes, you typically need something that outputs a real number, almost certainly representing a probability, and between zero and one (inclusive). Then you tweak the threshold, to set the probability above which you consider the output to be 'positive', and below which is 'negative'. eg, if output is 0.7, and threshold is 0.5, this would be positive, a 'yes'. But if threshold is 0.8, this would be negative, a 'no'. By adjusting the threshold, you can vary the percentage of samples predicted to be positive of negative. If we assume that the examples which your network assigns a higher probability to are in fact more likely, then adjusting the threshold higher increases the precision, at the expense of recall. Reducing the threshold increases recall, number of true examples judged to be positive, at the expense of precision: ie you'll pick a bunch of examples to be positive that are in reality negative.
To enable such a threshold, you do in fact need real outputs.
One possibility in an ensemble situation would be to average the outputs from each network, rather than using majority voting. Of course, this will change the resulting choice by your network, since the output function is no longer the same. Will enable you to trade-off precision and recall though, and draw a ROC curve.
Note that in addition to requiring a real output, ROC typically is used in a situation where you only have two classes, 'positive' and 'negative'. If you have more than two classes, you might need to create a new 'other' class.  Anything in 'other' is 'negative', and anything correctly in one of the other classes is 'positive'.


Should I avoid rocket jump "scripts" and "binds"?

Question: Because you also have to crouch — in addition to jumping and shooting at your feet — in order to reach the highest jump length as soldier, some people have resorted to scripts  or binds to streamline the process into one keypress. I have heard that using a bind significantly limits the player's ability to jump and should thus be avoided — is this correct?
Answer: Personally, I'd say it's all up to personal choice.
I do not use them myself because all it really takes is a little bit of practice to get down. Once you know how to do it, you won't need to use a script.
Besides, there are also more advanced rocket jumping techniques that require more practice to get down, such as pogo's, syncs, speedshots, c-taps, wallpogos, most or all of which require more than a simple bind to be able to efficiently do, so using scripts to learn how to jump high might only be useful for you if you are new to jumping.
Answer: Some people are used to using Crouch and Jump separately, and some code it in as soon as they know about it. I find that it is up to personal preference - using it with code does however allow one finger to be free, allowing you to use buttons near CTRL easily at the same time as rocket jumping - eg: Shift may be used for a chat bind
Answer: No, crouch-jumping all of the time in fact will make you jump higher. However, not having the bind allows you to have slightly more control. It really makes no difference, do whatever is convenient for yourself.


where can I get a live feed or current site listing ALL executive orders including as they are presented and signed?

Question: I think executive orders are a good indicator into the mind of a president and his administration.  I wasn't able to see a sequential list, from newest to oldest.  Where can I find this?
Comment: Trump's Twitter feed?
Comment: I was thinking something a little more reliable than that..
Comment: For live feed - follow the news, especially Twitter breaking news feeds
Comment: Just don't know if EO's have their own twitter page, but yeah.. :)
Answer: Wikipedia has a good list of executive orders here, which is kept reasonably up to date by the community. Further you can get to all of Trump's executive orders here, which will have references to all the specific executive orders as you need them.
As for live feed... Honestly I'm not sure what you are looking for there. I don't think there is any live feed service for executive orders except for maybe news alerts. Executive orders don't come out on a regular schedule, and they generally don't have any immediate (as in down to the minute) impact. So the need for a true live feed for executive orders isn't really there.
Answer: This is what I have:
<code>https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/executive-orders
</code>
However, it doesn't go into too much detail.  Only covers the text of the exec order, doesn't appear to hyperlink to previous executive orders, nor any detail about authorship or background.  Only shows the current President's (Trump) Exec Orders, not previous ones.
And there's no apparent way to live-feed this and get a text update SPECIFICALLY when a new one comes out.
Answer: Unfortunately, there is no requirement to publish executive orders as they are announced.  The White House link is probably the closest to a live feed as you will find, but the media announcement (on TV) will often occur before the order is published on the website.
All executive orders will eventually be published in the Federal Register but that happens even later.  Also, they aren't separated from everything else.
The Wikipedia link posted by @DavidGrinberg is probably the nicest presentation that you will find in terms of a readable list.  But of course it is only maintained by volunteers, not by government officials.


Are dividends the same as capital gains?

Question: Is dividends the same as capital gains? If not, what is the difference?
Answer: They are different.
Dividends are profits of a company that are shared with stockholders.
Capital gains are the net profit you got from selling an investment.
Comment: @CiaranWelsh No they should not - they often have different tax rates.
Comment: @CiaranWelsh BTW It is "Dividends" not "Dividens" at first I thought it was just a typo, but you have repeated that spelling 3-4 times now. Just wanted to make sure you saw that in case you wanted to look up more resources.
Comment: @CiaranWelsh In the US, short-term capital gains are taxed at the same rate as ordinary income and dividends. Meanwhile, "qualified" dividends are taxed at the same rate as long-term capital gains. But you're still required to report these all separately. Is it confusing enough yet?
Comment: Excellant, thanks for the clear explaination. I needed to know whether I should lump together dividens from my company with gains from investing for tax purposes. I think you've made it clear that these two are different and therefore should not be lumped.
Comment: haha and this basically shows my level of experience which such things. Thanks for help.
Comment: Indeed =] I'm UK based, but I guarentee our system is just as complicated.
Answer: A dividend represents a portion of a company's earnings and the amount that you receive depends on the payout rate and the number of shares that you own.
A capital gain is the profit from purchasing a security at one price and selling it at a higher price.
An area of confusion for some is when a mutual fund makes a capital gains distributions at the end of the year.  Some think of it as a dividend but it is not.  It is the result the fund's  realized capital gains from trading and these gains must be passed along to its shareholders.


How do I force Facebook to not use a pre-made job title for my work and education?

Question: I'm trying to update my work and education on Facebook, and my title has multiple words in it. However, it insists on changing it to match a pre-made position title with incorrect capitalization. Is there any way to force it to use a new, correctly capitalized title?
Comment: I have a feeling this could be Sql Server / SQL Server related. If you enter your jobtitle in the correct capitalisation then click into the next field rather than selecting the suggested job, does this help?  Cannot test without adding a new job myself...
Comment: Nope, I had a hunch that might work but it still auto-selects the pre-made title.
Answer: I had the same problem. I was attempting "Associate Editor" but someone had put it in as "Associate editor". I put an extra space between the two words and got the "Create Associate Editor" option at the bottom of the dropdown list. I selected it, and it appears to work. The extra space is either not very noticeable on a profile, or Facebook autocorrected it. Looks good to me!
Answer: Adding the extra space between the two words in the title worked for me. FB appears to have auto-removed the extra space but it came out with the correct capitalization.