XC  Vn.  That  enemies,  during  the  fiercest  raging  of  War,  must  keep
their  word  and  fulfil  their  plighted  iaith,  is  an  undeniable  maxim  of  all
civilized  States;  without  the  religioua  observance  of  these  obligations,
proposals  of  peace  could  never  be  entered  upon,  and  the  horrors  of  War
would  be  perpetual.jfa)  This  word  may  be  pledged,  and  this  faith
plighted  by  implication  as  well  as  by  express  promise.  Every  belli-
gerent acts  upon  the  presumption  that  the  usages  of  civilized  War  will
be  observed.
.  Hence,  Flags  of  Truce,  Cartels  for  the  exchange  of  priaoners,  Paases,

Safe  Conducts,  are  holden  aacred  by  all  States.(&)

They  are  among  the  ^<  hdli  commercta,"^cj  which  whoever  violates
deaerves  to  be  treated  aa  a  pirate.
-t


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et  80  rendent,  oessant  d'etre  ennemis,  Us  redeviennent  simplement  hommes,  et  l^on
o'a  plug  de  droit  snr  lour  vie.' " — Rousseau,  Gontrat  Social,  1.  i.  p.  4.
(t)  Yattel,  ubi  snpr.
h\  Hefften,  8.  ]26.
{a)  "  Inter  hostes  qnse  eonveniunt  fide  aut  ezpressA  aut  tacit&  constant.'' — Orot.,
1.  ill.  e.  zx.  B,  l,€t  videpa8$imf  cc.  zjn.-zziT.
(6)  Yattel,  1.  ui.  c.  xrii.  (c)  Virg.  JBSn.,  1.  x.  632.
INTEBC0UB8E   BXTWBEN   XNBMIBB   DUBINO   WAB.  147

XGYin.  Some  of  these  iiMigeB  appear  to  deserve  a  fuller  eonnderatioii.
