Such  fissures  are  from  two  to  four  feet  wide,  and  in  the  case  of  that  near
my  tent  the  bucket  had  to  be  lowered  to  a  depth  of  seventeen  or  eighteen
feet  to  reach  the  water,  or  rather  the  ice,  since  it  was  often  necessary
to  break  the  surface  ice.  In  these  deep,  narrow  fissures,  which  the
sun  scarcely  penetrates,  the  water  would  probably  be  frozen  over  all  through
the  seasons ;  but  in  those  of  less  depth  it  would  remain  liquid  in  summer.
588


A  NATURALIST   IN   THE   PACIFIC


sail  sill  t  111  sill  i jlliall  t  U


APPENDIX


589


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