- 7. We may thus perceive what the whole effect would
be, were our trade with Portugal suspended, or even
brought to permanent extinction. Our inland proprie-
tors would lose their wine, and our export manufacturers
would lose one of their markets. But though, on the
one hand, the wine should be lost, the ability to purchase
it is not therefore lost. It remains entire in the hand of
its old possessors, and is ready to be discharged on the
purchase of some other gratification. And, on the other
band, though the market should be lost, the maintenance
of those who wont to prepare commodities for the market

•^ is not therefore lost. There is on the one side the spare

- maintenance, and on the other the unemployed popula-
-' tion. We may be very sure that things will not continue
^ in this state; that, in the first place, the maintenance

i^ will not be suffered to lie waste ; and, in the second

' place, that the population will not be suffered to lie un-

^ employed. There will, to the proprietor, be the substi-

^- tution of one enjoyment for another. There will, to the

^ labourers, be the substitution of one employment for

^ another. In as far as the revenue that wont to be ex-

^ pended on the wines of Portugal goes to the purchase of

- foreign articles, there is just the loss of one branch of
foreign trade replaced by the extension of other branches.
