2  Lecky  {History  of  England  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,  ed.  cited,
i.  109-11)  dwells  on  the  "remarkable  fact"  that  in  the  reign  of
Anne  the  bishops  were  Low  Church  and  the  lower  clergy  High  Church,


BOLINGBROKE  AND  TORYISM  49

It  was  now  reintroduced  and  carried,  some  Whigs  in
the  Upper  House  concurring,  by  way  of  concession  to
the  Tory  High  Churchman  Lord  Nottingham,  who  had
united  with  them  to  oppose  the  peace  desired  by  the
Tory  leaders, I  while  twelve  new  peers  were  created  to
make  a  majority.  In  Scotland  (1712)  the  ancient  usage
of  patronage  was  again  set  up  in  the  Church,  to  which
William  had  restored  the  Presbyterian  constitution ;
and  in  England  a  stamp  duty  was  set  up  to  check  cheap
journals.  Such  was  Bolingbroke's  contribution  to  the
cause  of  a  free  press.
