The contrast presented by the columns of figures
representing the non-labouring and the artisan class
from the age of twelve to seventeen shows the marked
effect of social surroundings on the development of
the body ; the one class being retarded and depressed
by laborious occupations and insanitary influences,
the other expanded, and probably exaggerated, by
the prevalence of circumstances favourable to growth.
The position of the body influences the stature. The
upright position retards development in height, while
the recumbent position — even though nutrition may
be impaired by disease — favours increase of stature,
as we often see in delicate children.
Tables XII. and XIIL show the average height
and weight of different classes of the English popu-



100 A MANUAL OP ANTHEOPOMETRY.
lation arranged on the plan recommended at page 42.
Although each table comprises upwards of 54,000
observations the numerous blank spaces, especially at
ages below five years, show how much labour re-
mains to be done before we can arrive at safe con-
clusions as to the relative physique of dififerent classes
of the community.
The materials forming these tables have been de-
rived from the following sources : The first division
of Class I. is given in detail in Tables I. and II., and
is explained at page 65. The second division of
Class I. are chiefly townbred boys attending the fol-
lowing town schools : Liverpool College ; King Ed-
ward's School, Birmingham ; City of London School ;
and Christ's Hospital. I have not been able to col-
lect any statistics of Class II., but they will probably
be found to dilFer little from the second division of
Class I., just mentioned.
