behavior  which  se:  i  foundation  for  development.    \Ve

may  refer  to  these  two  types  of  habits  as  habits  developed
from  instincts  and  habits  developed  from  diffusion.
Development  of  habit  through  conflict  of  instincts.  An
illustration  of  a  habit  developed  from  instincts  is  found  in
the  case  in  which  a  child  develops  a  certain  definite  attitude
toward  certain  animals.  This  attitude  of  the  child  can  in
many  cases  be  shown  to  have  originated  out  of  a  conflict  be-
tween two  tendencies.  There  are  two  fundamental  instinc-
tive tendencies  in  every  child,  indeed  in  every  young  animal.
Every  young  animal  tends,  on  the  one  hand,  to  run  away
from  any  strange  or  unusually  intense  stimulation.  A  large
object  moving  toward  the  eyes,  a  loud  sound  attacking  the
auditory  organs,  or  a  strange  odor  or  taste  will  stir  up  in  a
young  animal  a  mode  of  action  of  the  protective  type.  Then-
is,  on  the  other  hand,  among  all  of  the  higher  animals  an
instinct  toward  contact  with  members  of  the  same  sp<
and  with  related  forms  of  animal  life.  Thus,  young  birds
naturally  tend  to  keep  close  to  any  member  of  their  spi
and  to  other  objects  which  are  in  any  way  similar  to  mem-
bers of  their  own  species.  So  also  do  young  mammals.
