The ruler was the father, the people the children, — all
brothers. In such a state filial piety and patriotism were
nearly synonymous terms. In China the added factor, race
pride, resulted at times in the undervaluing of the State, the
sentiment being decidedly in favor of the race. But the
Chinese were a homogeneous race, while in Japan and India
many races had mingled. In the intermingling arose what
is probably a more stable conception of society, namely, the
notion that it is national and not racial. In spite of these
interesting differences it is perfectly correct to characterize
the governments of the East in general as paternal.
