but  he  ought  also  to  appoint  everybody  that  serves  under  him,
from  nis  first  assistant  physician  down  to  the  janitor. He  ought  to
appoint  the  whole  corps,  subject,  of  course,  to  the  approval  of  the
managers. I  think  the  superintendent  ought  always  to  have  some  kind
of  a  dieck  on  him. I  think  everybody  ought  to  have  that."  Food,  as
observed  by  witness,  about  the  same  as  at  Petersburg  (1615). Three
other  institutions  for  insane  in  Virginia,  for  whites,  and  Western
Hospital,  at  Staunton,  the  larger  of  the  three,  having  about  1,000
patients,  and  the  per  capita  cost  being  about  $125  per  year;  says  other
two  are  Eastern  State  Hospital,  at  Williamsburg,  per  capita  possibly
$132,  $133,  or  $134,  and  the  Southwestern  Hospital,  per  capita  about
$140  (1615). Per  capita  cost  of  these  three  institutions  includes  every-
thing except  permanent  buildings,  equipment,  ''for  which  the  legis-
lature makes  special  appropriations. *  *  *  Our  State  appropriates
so  much  money  for  maintenance,  and  then  so  much  for  improve-
ments, and  leaves  it  usually  to  the  respective  boards  to  apply  that
appropriation  as  they  think  proper. Occasionally  they  mention  that
they  want  this  or  that  done,  but  that  is  not  always  the  case."

In  answer  to  question,  "Have  you  ever  looked  into  the  reasons  for
the  dili'orence  in  the  cost  per  capita  of  your  institution  and  any  of
the  others? "  witness  says:  " For  the  last  two  or  three  weeks  that  has


GOVBBNMENT   HOSPITAL   FOB   THE   INSANE. 2213

been  a  pretty  live  question,  I  will  state,  and  they  have  had  an  investi-
gation of  the  Eastern  State  Hospital,  and  have  made  a  comparison,
unfortunately,  I  am  sori-y  to  say,  with  me. I  am  preparing  an  answer
which  I  will  tile  with  the  legislature,  but  I  think  there  ought  to  be
some  difference  for  the  reason  that  our  patients  work  more  than  the
white  patients. They  have  a  larger  farm. Take  our  laundiy,  for
instance,  we  work  sixty  people  at  the  laundry,  scrubbing  (1616). ♦  *  ♦
We  have  laundry  equipment,  but  we  use  the  tub  simply  because  it
means  employment  for  a  larger  number  of  patients. That  is  the  only
reason  it  is  done. The  other  is  a  better  way,  but  in  order  to  give
employment  to  these  people  we  use  the  old  method. *  ♦  ♦  We  employ
two  laufiderers  and  they  look  after  the  machinery. 