70. Hackberry (Celtis occideniaUs) (sugar berry) : The handsome wood, heavy, hard, strong, quite tough, of
moderately line texture, and greenish or yellowish white color; shrinks moderately, works well, and takes
a good polish. So far but little used iu the manufacture of furniture. Medium to large sized tree, locally
quite common, largest in the Lower Mississippi Valley; occurs in nearly all parts of the Eastern United
States.
Hickory, — Wood very heavy, hard, and strong, proverbially tough, of rather coarse texture, smooth and of straight
grain. The broad sapwood white, the heart reddish nut brown. It dries slowly, shrinks and checks considerably ;
is not durable in the ground, or if exposed, and, especially the sapwood, is always subject to the inroads of
boring insects. Hickory excels as carriage aud wagon stock, but is also extensively used in the manufacture of
implements and inachinerj', for tool handles, timber pins, for harness work, and cooperage. The hickories are
tall trees with slender stems, never form forests, occasionally small groves, but usually occur scattered among
otlier broad-leaved trees in suitable localities. The following species all contribute more or less to the hickory
of the markets :

71. Shagbark hiekor.v { fficoria ovata aud Z7. lacimosa). Shellbark hickory: Me<lium to large sized trees, quite
common; the favorite among hickories; best developed in the Ohio and Mississippi basins; from Lako
Ontario to Texas, Minnesota to Florida. Shellbark more local.
AMERICAN WOODS. 93

72. Mookemnt hickory (ffic&ria alba) (black hickory, hull and blsick nat, big bud, and white-hoart hickory) : A
medinm to large sized tree, with the same range as the foregoing; common, especially in the South.
73. Pignut hickory {ITicoria glabra) (brown hickory, black hickory, switch-bud hickory) : Medium to large sized
tree, abundant; all eastern United States.
