The particular provisions of these various tariff mea-
sures were of comparatively little consequence, so far as
the South was concerned. The Act of 1816 had had

4



so Period of Critical Change. [§§ 26» 3>

little importance for her ; but when subsequent tariffs
vicreased duty after duty and more and more restrained
Southern importation, it became very evident that she
interasu. ^j^ to sufEer almost in direct proportion as
other sections of the country gained advantage from such
legislation. And assuredly she was making contributions
to the wealth and commerce of the country which entitled
her to consideration in the matter. The total value of the
exports from the United States in 1829 was $55,700,193,
and to this total the southern States contributed no less
Southern ^^^ $34,072,655 in cotton, tobacco, and rice.
export*. The contribution of the South appears still

more striking if it be compared with the total value of
agricultural exports, which was a little under $44,000,000.
Three-fourths of the agricultural exports of the country,
in short, came from the South ; and very nearly three-
fifths of all the exports. The value of the exports of
manufactured articles reached only about $6,000,000.
High duties on hemp and flax, on wool, on lead and iron,
meant that those who contributed most to the external
commerce of the country were to have their markets
restricted for the benefit of those who contributed very
little. The value of the exports of manufactured iron
in 1829 was only $70,767 ; of the exports of lead, only
$8,417.
Moreover, if there was reason for complaint. South
Carolina was entitled to be spokesman for the South.
