310

191  Culvert  placed  in  road  on  hillside 310

192  Drain  tiles  laid  under  middle  of  roadway 311

193  Drain  tile  laid  under  each  side  of  roadway 311

194  Use  of  drain  tile  to  intercept  water  on  upper  side  of

roadway    311

195  Location  of  ditch  draining  a  road  and  adjacent  farms. 312

196  A  grade  across  peaty  land 313

197  A  heavy  grade  built  across  a  marsh 313

198  Railroad  plow  used  for  road  work 314

198a  Reversible  road  machine  doing  its  own  plowing 314

199  Reversible   road  machine  moving  a  furrow-slice  toward

the  center  of  the  road 315

200  Reversible  road  machine  carrying  dirt  from  deep  road-

side ditch  toward  center  of  road 316

201  Reversible  road  machine  cutting  away  bank  to  widen  an

old  road    • 317

202  Elevating-grader 318

203  Elevating-grader 318


LIST  OF   ILLUSTRATIONS  XI

Figures  Page

204  Elevating-grader  in  operation 319

205  Road  as    left    by    elevating-grader    where    the    belt    is

not  long  enough  to  carry  earth  to  the  road  center. ... 320

206  Narrow  road  showing  earth  as  left  by  elevating-grader

in  a  ridge 320

207  Road  as  left  by  Fresno  or  wheel  scraper. .• 321

208  Wide  road  with  heavy  side  ditches 321

209  Use  of  wheel  scrapers  and  plows  in  grading  a  cut  through

a  hill 324

210  Dump  wagon  with  drop  bottom 325

211  Substructure  prepared  for  macadam  surface ». 326

212  First  course  of  stone  for  macadamizing 326

213  Three  courses  of  macadam  surface 326

214  Macadam   surface 326

215  Heavy  telford  road  surface 328

216  Telford  road  surface 328

217  Telford  road  with  macadam  surface 328

218  Several  forms  of  stone  roads 329

219  Macadam  road  on  one  side  of  center  of  grade  and  earth

track  on  the  other  side 330

220  Laying  lower  course  of  telford  road 33  i

221  How  to  apply  measures  during  course  of  construction. 335

222  Rock  crusher 335

223  Rock  crusher  with  elevator  and  screen 336

224  Semi-stationary  rock  crusher. 