The unreasoning multitudes led by Peter the Hermit passed
by the land, not inflicting directly upon it the destruction and
misery which everywhere followed in their track. The oppor-
tunity created by this disturbance was improved by the crafty



76 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE.
Alexius, who, in enlarging his empire (1097 A. D.), added to it
the Troad, which had been wholly estranged from the Chris-
tians for a period of seventeen years. Asia Minor was recov-
ered to the banks of the Maeander, and the Seljukian Turks
driven forever from the Troad, to which the Christian ele-
ment was again introduced by colonization from Europe.
The region was more immediately afFected by the passage
of the third crusade (1189 a.d.), — the Emperor Barbarossa
crossing into Asia from Callipolis to Lampsacus, and trav-
ersing the land with the last Christian army which has accom-
plished that feat.
In the contentions between the Franks and Greeks at the
beginning of the fourth crusade (1204 A. D.), Adramyttion was
taken by Henri de Hainault, brother of the Emperor Baldwin.
The extreme sectarian aversion felt between the branches of
the Christian church, and still shared by the Levantines o£
to-day, prepared the way for the final triumph of Moham-
medanism.
Exhausted by continual struggles, the Troad fell irrecover-
ably into the hands of the Ottoman Turks in the beginning of
the fourteenth century. The conquest was finally achieved by
Orchan ; but his predecessor, Osman, had defeated the Greek
fleet at Lemnos in 1288, and soon after had occupied Yenisheri,
near the ancient Sigeion.
