In  addition  to  the  schools  included  in  the
foregoing  tables  there  are  higher  grade  com-
mercial and  technical  schools  in  nearly  all  the
chief  places  of  Belgium,  which  derive  a  large
part  of  their  support  from  public  appropria-
tions, state,  provincial,  and  municipal:  such  are
the  commercial  institute  at  Antwerp,  the  tech-
nical school  for  brewers  at  Ghent,  the  provincial
school  of  industry  and  of  mines  at  Moiis,  Hai-
naut.  Thirteen  technical  schools  of  this  higher
order  reported  in  1908  a  total  income  of  908,778
francs  ($181,755).  Of  this  amount  the  State
furnished  28  per  cent,  the  several  provinces
13  per  cent,  and  the  cities  11  per  cent.
The  Institut  Superieur  de  Commerce  at  Ant-
werp, founded  in  1S52,  was  one  of  the  earliest
in  Europe  devoted  to  the  interests  of  commerce,
and  has  always  been  regarded  as  a  model  in
respect  both  to  organization  and  equipment.
It  ranks  with  the  universities,  having  been
authorized  in  1877  to  confer  the  diploma  of
licentiate  in  commercial  and  consular  sciences.
The  same  year  the  course  of  study  was  extended
from  two  to  three  years.  The  third  year  is
divided  into  four  sections,  viz. :  consular,  co-
lonial, maritime,  and  special  commercial  science;
the  section  taken  by  the  graduate  is  indicated
on  the  diploma.  In  1905  the  government
created  the  degree  of  doctor  of  commercial
sciences,  available  for  graduates  of  the  third-
year  course,  who  have  '  completed  two  years'
practical  service,  after  receiving  the  diploma
of  licentiate.
The  general  government  defrays  three
fourths  of  the  annual  expenses  of  the  school,
while  the  city  of  Antwerp  bears  the  remaining
one  fourth,  and  supplies  the  necessary  buildings.
In  1898  the  school  moved  into  its  present
imposing  edifice  opposite  the  Royal  Art  Gal-
lery. It  is  thoroughly  equipped  with  library,
museum,  laboratories,  etc.
