The tibialis posticus and peroneus longus can be
shown, by puUing on them, to have an important in-
fluence in maintaining the longitudinal arch.
This, it is very obvious, will be also very materially
aided by all the structures on the sole of the f oot^ which
form a series of tie bars from the os calcis to the toes.
When the arches of the foot have been thoroughly
studied, the bones should be disarticulated, the great
interosseous and other ligaments of the foot examined.
CHAPTER V.
DISSECTION OF THE ABDOMEN.
In most dissecting-rooms, the abdomen includes
that portion of the body situated between the lower
part of the ribs and the upper part of the pelvic bones.
no The Dissector* s Manual, [Chap. v.
Added to this is the perinseum. The deeper muscles
of the back are usually included with the head and neck.
Surface Markings,

Tip of stemuin.
Edges of ribs.
Crest of Uium.
Anterior superior spine of ilium.
Crest of pubes.
Poupart's ligament.
Linea alba.
External abdominal ring.
Position of navel.
Symphysis pubis.
Spine of pubes.
Before any dissection is started, the principal sur-
face-markings must be mastered. The body is sup-
posed to be lying on its back, with a block or two
placed in the hollow of the back, so as to make the
abdomen prominent in front.
The student must feel with his fingers the edges of
the ribs, and the tip of the sternum. At the lower
part of the abdomen, the crest of the ilium should be
felt, terminating in front in the anterior superior spine
of the ilium, which is usually very plain, even in the
very fattest bodies, and forms a well-marked promi-
nence on the outer side of the upper end of the thigh.
