VEGETABLE    POWDERS


375


Fig.  114.     HYOSCYAMUS.     Leaf.
a,  6.  Epidermal  tissues  and  trichomes.
c,  d.  Parenchyma.
e.  Spongy  tissue  cells.
/.  Prismatic  crystals.
376  POWDERED   VEGETABLE    DRUGS


114.     (Fig.  115.)     HYOSCYAMUS.    Hyoscyamus.    U.  S.
Seeds.
Fl.  ex.  60.     Tinct.  40.
Names  and  origin  as  for  113.
Ash  gray.
Odorless.
Bitter,  somewhat  pungent.
The  outer  layer  of  seed  coat  consists  of  large,  irregularly  rounded,
brownish,  thick-walled  sclerenchyma  cells,  the  outer  wall  being  thin,
pores  not  noticeable,  filled  with  a  granular  proteid  substance.  Endo-
sperm cells  not  very  thick-walled  nor  porous,  filled  with  granular
proteid  matter  and  fat.
VEGETABLE   POWDERS


377


Fig.  115.     HYOSCYAMUS.     Seed.
a.  Sclerenchyma  cells  of  seed  coat.
b.  Sclerenchyma,  vertical  view.
c.  Outer  endosperm  tissue.
d.  Endosperm.
e.  Endosperm  tissue  with  proteid  granules  and  oil.
/.  Parenchyma.
378  POWDERED  VEGETABLE  DRUGS


115.     (Fig.  116.)     IGNATIA.     Ignatia.
Fl.  ex.  60.    Tinct.  60.
Bean  of  St.  Ignatius,  E.  Ignazbohne,  G.  Feve  de  Saint-Ignace,
F6ve  igasurique,  Fr.
The  seeds  of  Strychnos  Ignatia  Lind.,  Loganiacese.
Very  light  brown.
Nearly  odorless,  smoky  odor.
Very  bitter,  mucilaginous.
Histology  much  like  that  of  Nux  vomica  buttons.  Trichomes
usually  wanting,  when  present  not  expanded  at  base.  Epidermal
cells  small,  with  granular  contents.  Endosperm  tissues,  thick-walled,
cells  filled  with  granular  proteid  matter.
VEGETABLE    POWDERS


379


Fig.  116.     IGNATIA.
a.  Epidermal  cells,  vertical  view.
&.  Endosperm.
c.  Endosperm.
380  POWDERED   VEGETABLE    DRUGS


116.     (Fig.  117.)     ILLICIUM.    Illicium.
Fine  powder.
Star  anise,  Chinese  anise,  E.  Sternanis,  G.  Badiane,  Anise  e'toile',
Fr.
The  fruit  of  Illicium  verum  Hooker,  Magnoliaceae.
Reddish  brown.
Fragrantly  aromatic,  like  anise.
Quite  acid,  sweet,  pungent.
Epidermal  cells  of  pericarp  polygonal,  with  stomata.  Brown
tissue;  parenchyma  with  oil  globules;  numerous  elongated,  thick-
walled  sclerenchyma  cells.  Endosperm  cells  thin-walled,  with  fat
and  proteid  granules.
