That  is  one  answer  and  I  must  say,  although  I  like  to  play  with
technical  issues,  I  think  that  is  the  real  answer.
It  is  also  possible  that  some  of  these  suits  will  be  brought  into
the  ambit  of  class  actions.  The  Tongass  National  Forest  case,  which
I  mention  in  the  testimony,  was  a  suit  against  the  Forest  Service
in  Alaska,  and  a  private  defendant.  The  defendant,  U.S.  Champion
Plywood  Co.  sought  to  have  the  case  made  into  a  class  action,  for
notice  to  be  given  and  to  bind  other  interested  parties.  And  the
judge  granted  that  motion.  Now  that  is  a  possibility  that  is  open
to  the  judge.
It  is  also  possible,  and  has  frequently  been  the  case,  that  a  suit
will  be  brought  by  the  plaintiff  as  a  class  action  and  will  be  very
widely  binding,  because  of  the  nature  of  class  actions.  Of  course
the  Federal  rules  of  civil  procedure  provide  for  this.
In  addition  to  that  a  judge  may  always  say  I  simply  do  not  have
enough  people  here,  there  are  too  many  interested  parties  that  are
not  before  me.  That  is  a  common  problem  that  comes  up.  The  judge
will  say,  for  example,  where  is  the  State  of  New  York  in  this
case;  they  have  an  interest  here.  And  he  will  say  that  these  people
are,  whatever  the  precise  wording  of  the  Federal  rules  is,  a  neces-
sary or  needed  party  and  he  simply  will  not  take  cognizance  of  the
case  until  you  get  these  people  in  the  case.  That  is  a  possibility.
