Phenyle    .        .    Ph.    =  CiaHs  Phenylamine  CuzH?  N=NH2  ,  Ci2H5  =AdPh

T°tyJole(?etaSi }  Tyl   =  Cl*  H?  Toluidine  Cl4  Ha  N=NH2  ,  Ci*  H7  =AdTyl

Xylyle         .     .    Xy     =  Cio  H9  Xylidine  CieHuN=NH2  ,  CieHg  =AdXy

Cumyle    .        .     Guy  =  Cis  Hn  Cumidine  Ci8Hi3N=NH2  ,  Ci8Hu=AdCuy

Cymyle        .     .    Cmy  =  C2o  His  Cymidine  C2o  His  N=NH2  ,  C2o  His  =AdCym

These  bases  will  be  briefly  noticed  in  their  proper  places.
Although  aniline  is  perfectly  analogous  to  ammonia,  yet  from
its  complex  nature  it  necessarily  yields  products  of  decomposition
or  metamorphosis  such  as  ammonia  cannot  yield.  We  have
already  seen  that  it  yields  substitution  compounds,  chiefly  basic,
namely,  chloraniline,  dichloraniline,  trichloraniline,  bromaniline,
dibromaniline,  tribromaniline,  and  nitraniline,  in  which  part  of
the  hydrogen  of  the  phenyle  is  replaced  by  chlorine,  &c. ;  and  it
has  been  ascertained  that  the  bases  in  the  above  table  homologous
with  aniline,  are  capable  of  yielding  similar  substitution  products.
Hofmann  has  also  obtained  bases,  in  which  ethyle  is  substituted
for  part  of  the  hydrogen  of  chloraniline  and  nitraniline,  namely,

H  I

ethylonitraniline,   Ae  J-  N ;   and  diethylochlor aniline,

Ci»  (H*,  NO*)J
Ae  I

Ae  y  N.     But  in  studying  the  action  of  cyanogen  on

Ci.  (H*  Cl)  J
aniline,  which  he  expected  to  yield  products  in  which  cyanogen


MELANILINE.  393

was  substituted  for  hydrogen,  he  obtained  entirely  different
results.
