Now, if out of the total product of his labor
the workingman only receives a part, then it is
true to say that he works part of the day for
himself and part of the day gratuitously for the
capitalist. Let us say, for purposes of illustra-
tion, that he works three hours for himself and
seven hours for his employer for nothing. This
three hours we call his necessary labor time, or

38



SCIENCE AND SOCIALISM

his paid labor; and the seven hours we call his
surplus labor time or his unpaid labor. The
product of his three hours' labor is the equivalent
of his wages or as we call it, the value of his
Labor-Power, The product of the other seven
hours of his labor, his surplus or unpaid labor,
is surplus product or surplus-value. Starting
from the fact that every workingman knows to
be true, that he don't get all he feels he ought
to get, we have thus, I think, made the definition
of surplus-value clear to every one of you, but
we have been talking of surplus-value and value
of labor power and we have not yet defined
Value.
