Spanish  Oak  (Q.falcaia).  Not  abundant;  60  to  80  feet  high;  tough  and  valuable
wood  for  staves,  and  bark  used  for  tanning.  There  are  also  some  other  oaks  grow-
ing in  the  State,  some  of  them  of  large  size,  and  others  shrubs.
Tulip  Poplar  (Ltriodendron  tuUpifera).  The  white  and  yellow  poplar— the  latter
most  valuable  for  flooring,  ceiling,  and  cabinet-work,  and  for  shingles,  answering
for  pine.  It  is  the  largest  tree  of  West  Virginia,  growing  100  to  150  feet,  with  cor-
responding diameter.i  it  grows  equally  well  in  the  valleys,  and  on  rich  hill-sidea
and  ridges.     Paper  has  been  made  from  the  bark.
Black  Walnut  (Juglans  nigra).  Grows  50  to  80  feet  high,  and  3  to  6  in  diameter;
found  in  rich  soil,  at  any  elevation,  but  nowhere  so  abundant  as  in  some  mountain
sections.
White  Walnut,  (J.  cj«crea).  Nearly  as  large  as  the  black,  and  multiplies  more
rapidly.
Hickory  {Carya  sulcata;  C.  alia).  These  abound  in  rich  soil  among  the  deciduous
timber ;  height,  80  to  100  feet ;  seldom  over  2^  to  3  feet  thick  :  grain  fine,  hard,
and  flexible,  and  full  the  best  in  the  woods.
White-heart  Hickory,  (C.  iomcniosa).  Similar  in  wood  to  the  above,  but  white  at
the  heart ;  bark  rough,  not  scaly.
Broom  Hickory  (C.  jwrcina).  Resembles  the  above;  fiber  very  tough;  best  for
brooms.
Chestnut  {Castanea  vesca).  Large  and  spreading  tree;  on  dry,  elevated  ground,  in
every  part  of  the  State,  but  more  abundant  on  the  mountains.  It  grows  rapidly,
and  reproduces  from  sprout  or  seed  once  in  15  or  20  years,  to  a  size  for  posis  and
rails.
Chinquapin  (C.  pJiniiZa).    Small  tree;  not  abundant.
Buckeye  {JEsctilus  glabra).  Large  tree,  of  rapid  growth  ;  prefers  bottom-lands;  soft;
not  durable  if  exposed  ;  bears  fruit  early ;  not  edible.
