The  Puritans  hated  the  natives  with  the  same
pious  scorn  with  which  the  Castilian  hated  the
Moor,  and  they  were  encouraged  to  indulge  this
passion  without  stint ;  but  otherwise  they  were
treated  as  mere  dependents  by  the  Crown.  The
population,  whether  Cromwellians  or  Catholics,
were  subject  to  the  rule  which  long  prevailed  in


88  SHORT    HISTORY   OF    IRELAND.
all  British  possessions  throughout  the  world,
that  the  dependent  state  only  existed  for  the
benefit  of  the  paramount  state.  If  thev  wove
their  wool  into  broadcloth,  they  were  not  allowed
to  carry  the  fabric  to  any  market  but  England.
If  they  preferred  to  sell  the  raw  material  they
were  not  allowed  to  sell  it  in  any  market  but
England.  They  smuggled  it  a  good  deal  to
France  and  Spain,  and  their  lawlessness  has
not  escaped  bitter  reproach ;  but  they  still  find
apologists  in  Ireland  who  insist  that  a  bench  of
bishops,  or  the  twelve  apostles,  would  have
smuggled  under  the  circumstances.
The  Protestants  of  the  capital,  who  were  of  the
religion  of  the  court,  and  the  Protestants  of  the
Plantation,  who  were  for  the  most  part  Presby-
terians or  Puritans,  agreed  ill.  The  courtiers
detested  the  perversity  which  rejected  bishops
and  deans,  and  might,  it  was  suspected,  on  slight
provocation,  come  to  reject  kings  and  nobles.
