n.  By  Seooid.  —  i.  Of  Legislature.  —  Legislative  records  import
absolute  verity,  and  are  binding  on  all  the  world. ^

2.  Of  Court,  —  a.  Generally,  —  As  a  memorial  that  certain  pro-
ceedings transpired,  the  record  *  of  a  court  is  conclusive  against
all  persons,  whether  parties,  privies,  or  strangers,^  except  in  direct
proceedings  to  annul  or  correct  the  record.*

As  a  declaration  of  rights  and  duties,  the  record  binds  the  par-
ties thereto,  and  those  in  privity  with  them  in  collateral  proceed-
ings ;  ^  but  ordinarily  it  does  not  affect  strangers.*

b.  Pleadings,  —  A  party  is  estopped  for  the  purposes  of  the
action  by  a  material '  allegation  or  admission  *  in  a  pleading,^  unless

1.  Big.  on  Estop.  (4th  ed.)  33.  Rxo6pti0iu.  —  The  recitals  of  non-domes-

2.  Wnat  is  the  Beoord  1  —  The  decision?  tiC^nd  inferior  courts  as  to  xYit  Jurisdictiofi-
and  statutes  of  the  various  States  are  not  at  facts  are  not  binding  on  the  parties,
uniform  on  the  subject.  See  Fceerca^  on  Mulligan  v.  Smith,  59  Cal.  206.  See  title
Judg.  (jded.)  §78^/*^^. ;  KiljWeViButler,  "Judgments."  And  in  New  York  the
14  S.  &  M.  (Miss.)  207;  Mandeviiffik  Perry,  same  has  been  held  of  superior  domestic
^  Call  (Va.)  78.              ^-^  1     •      '  courts.     Ferguson  v.  Crawford,  70  N.  Y.
It  adds  nothing  to  ^hf  t\£pity  of  a  thing  253.
