VEGETABLE    POWDERS


467


Fig.  163.     RHUS  GLABRA  FRUIT.
a,  b.     Deep  red  ra&ny  celled  trichomes.
c.  Colorless  trichomes.
d.  Outer  layer  of  seed  coat,  lateral  view.
e.  Thick-walled  porous  cells  of  testa.
/.  Colorless  crystal  bearing  layer  of  testa.
g.  Endosperm  cells.
h.  Parenchyma  of  pericarp.
i.  Epidermal  cells  of  pericarp.
468  POWDERED   VEGETABLE    DRUGS

168.    ROSA  GALLICA.    Red  Rose.     U.  S.
Fl.  ex.  30.
Essigrose,  Sammtrose,  Zuckerrose,  G.  Rose  rouge,  Rose  de  Provins,
Fr.
The  petals  of  Rosa  gallica  L.,  Rosacese.
Light  purplish  red.
Fragrant;  rose  odor.
Very  astringent,  acidulous,  bitterish.
Upper  epidermal  cells  vertically  elongated,  conical,  with  granules
of  purple  coloring  matter.  In  vertical  view  these  cells  appear  thick-
walled  polygonal,  indistinct  in  coarse  powder,  cuticle  smooth.  Lower
epidermal  cells  larger,  not  elongated,  vertical  walls  somewhat  wavy,
irregular;  cuticle  finely  wavy,  short  linear  striate;  no  coloring  matter.
Parenchyma  cells  rounded,  empty.  Spiral  ducts.
Ash  3.5  per  cent.
Adulterated  with  the  petals  of  various  red  roses  or  petals  of  the
white  or  pink  roses  colored  with  red  dye  as  fuchsin.
169.      Fig.  (164.)     RUBUS.    Blackberry.
Fl.  ex.  60.
Brombeerrinde,  G.     Ecorce  de  rouce  noir,  Fr.
The  root  bark  with  some  of  the  wood  of  Rubus  villosus  Aiton,
R.  canadensis  L.,  and  R.  trivialis  Michaux,  Rosaceae.
Very  light  brown.
Odorless.
Very  astringent,  bitter.
Outer  layer  of  brown  cork.  Inner  bark  parenchyma  of  thin-walled,
closely  united  cells  bearing  simple  spherical  starch  granules.  Bast
fibers  with  walls  of  medium  thickness,  porous,  containing  some  starch;
outer  walls  of  bast  appear  shreddy.  A  few  short  sclerenchymatous
tracheids  accompany  bast  fibers.  Numerous  tracheids  and  porous
ducts  from  wood  remnants  of  roots.
Compare  the  histology  of  the  three  official  roots.  May  be  adul-
terated with  roots  and  rhizomes  of  other  plants.
VEGETABLE    POWDERS


a


Fig.  164.     RTJBUS  VILLOSUS.
