Another equally inherent characteristic of
the Turks has been equally influential for their
misfortimes. This is their jealousy of foreign-
ers. Hobart Pasha was kept in inaction;
Baker Pasha was leffc idle; dozens of excellent
officers — English, Polish, and Hungarian-
offered their services to Turkey at the begin-
ning of the war, only to be refused. Hobart
Pasha foretold exactly the manner in which
the defence of the Danube would collapse, if
left in the hands to which palace intrigue and
Turkish jealousy insisted on entrusting it.
Mehemet Ali, the best general (taking him
altogether) the Turks possessed, was dis-



SULEIMAN PASHA. 215

trusted because lie was not a Turk pur sang.
He was twice appointed to supreme com-
mand and twice superseded through Sulei-
man Pasha's jealousy. Baker Pasha in com-
mand of an army would have achieved great,
perhaps decisive, advantages for Turkey.
Until Mehemet Ali, as the first act of his
command, telegraphed an apphcation for his
aid, he was totally unemployed. I say no-
thing of the treason, in the Palace, in the
Seraskierate, at Rustchuck, at Ardahan, at
Kars, probably elsewhere. As a rule the
Turkish peasant is honourable, brave, chaste,
sober, God-fearing, and devoted to his Sultan.
As a rule the Turkish pasha is* dishonourable,
cowardly, licentious, without religion, or any
other loyalty than servility towards the dis-
tributor of loaves and fishes. The one class
is as integral an ingredient of Turkish life as
the other. If the one class could almost
save their common country, it was all the
other could do to ruin it.
