4. Woman's clothing is a hindrance to her, and she can
be employed only in places where the machinery is of such
a nature that her clothing will make employment safe. In
places where she could otherwise be more serviceable than a
man, firms take the trouble to design the work-room and
machinery in such a manner that she can be employed with
safety.
198 THE PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT

5. Women's hours of labor are more closely restricted by
law. Our labor laws justly seek to throw more protection
around women and children than around men. The manager
of a plant, however, cannot afford to overlook the fact that
these are disadvantages when he considers women as prospec-
tive employees, although it is only a question of time when
the law will place greater restrictions upon male labor.
Legislation and common justice require conveniences for
women in wash-rooms, and a supply of chairs for resting
during the working period. Their hours of daily and
weekly labor are shortened, and they may not be permitted
to work overtime except in rare and carefully guarded in-
stances.
6. Men are more disposed to form permanent labor
unions ; and, in this respect men may be more difficult to
deal with than women as regards wage increases. Women do
not lack organizing capacity, but they are apt to regard their
industrial grievances as a temporary inconvenience not worth
the effort to remedy.
