Third. The procedure at the various ports, so tar as practicable,
should be uniform and reciprocal ; and concurrent legislation on the
pan of the States should facilitate this procedure.
Fourth. Violations of the statute in bringing criminals, insane, and
otherwise helpless or vicious persons to the country, should subject
the owners of the vessels implicated to a fine in each case, in ihe
nature of a libel on the vessels, to be enforced in Ihe proper courts.
Fifth. Certificates staling that the immigrants are neitlier criminals,
lunatics, nor chronic paupers, with the indorsement of our consuls
and commercial agents abroad, should be iranamitied to the author-
ities of the port ai which they are to land, and the immigrant pro-
vided with a duplicate of ihe same.
This last recommendation has already become operative by the
adoption, at the request of our government, of such a system of cer-
tificates by the empire of Auslria-Hungary ; and its adoption by the
Other governments of Europe would tend to relieve us of many of
the evils in connection with immigration, of which we now have great
reason justly to complain.
In preparing this report, the undersigned* have communicated with
the members not here present, and with the authorities at Washing-
ton, and at several of the ports where immigrants are received in
large numbers. A bill embodying some of our recommendations has
been introduced in Congress, at the instance of the Treasury De-
partment, and is supported by some of the Stale authorities.
•Thit reixin oil wgntd by C S, Hnyt. F. B. Sjubom, ind M. MiG. Uiiu,



IMMIGRATION AND MIGRATION 253

MIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION.
BY F. B. SANBORN.
