UNITED  STATES  CIVIL  DEFENSE


CIVIL  DEFENSE
URBAN  ANALYSIS


@


FEDERAL  CIVIL  DEFENSE  ADMINISTRATION

(Technical  Manual)


UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE    :    JULY  1953


For  sale  by  fhe  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U. S. Government  Printing  Office
Washington  25,  D. C. -     Price  55  cents


CONTENTS

Chapter  Page

1. Factors  affecting  civil  defense  urban  analysis 1

Principal  uses  for  an  urban  analysis 1

National  and  international  aspects  of  urban  analysis 1

Local  aspects  of  urban  analysis 2

Urban  features  to  be  studied 2

Phases  of  an  analysis 4

2. Maps  used  in  urban  analysis 6

Source  maps 6

Selection  of  a  base  map 6

Desirable  characteristics  of  maps 7

General  methodology 8

3. Target  analysis 9

Purpose  of  target  analysis 9

Chief  destructive  characteristics  of  an  A-bomb 9

Determining  assumed  aiming  point 9

Value  of  concept  to  civil  defense  organization  and  opera-
tions    10

4. Method  of  estimating  damage  to  structures  and  facilities 12

Factors  determining  damage 12

Method  of  making  the  estimate 18

5. Mass  fire  potential 19

Factors  influencing  fire  susceptibility 19

Building  density  categories 19

Determination  of  building  density 20

Preparation  of  building  density  maps 20

Land  use  maps 26

Weather 27

Relation  between  building  density  and  burning  potontiaL  _  30

6. Techniques    for    estimating    casualties    and    uninjured-un-

housed    31

Comparison  of  day  and  resident  populations 31

Methods    of    obtaining  population  distribution  data  for

isorithmic  maps 34

Preparing  isorithmic  maps 40

Method  of  preparing  maps  showing  uninjured-unhoused. _  42
Estimation    of    casualties    and    the   uninjured-unhoused

following  a  single  bomb  attack 45

Estimation  of  casualties  and  uninjured-unhoused  follow-
ing multiple  bomb  attack 46

Determining  ground  zero  and  bomb  size  following  attack. -  46


Chapter  Page

7. Maps  used  in  planning  operation 50

Fire  services 50

Engineering  services 51

Emergency  welfare  services 55

Health  services 56

Police  services 57

Transportation  services 58

Warning  and  communications  service 58

Rescue  service 59

Warden  servicei 59

Ajjpendix

A. Description  of  source  maps  and  supplementary  materials.. 60

B. Urban  feature  maps  needed  for  urban  analysis 64

C. Method  of  estimating  day  population 78

D. Official  civil  defense  publications 82


Chapter  1


FACTORS  AFFECTING  CIVIL   DEFENSE
URBAN  ANALYSIS

1.1  Civil  defense  urban  analysis  may  requii-e  extensive  reorienta-
tion in  our  thinking. Folio  wing  enemy  attack,  facilities  and  services
upon  which  we  habitually  depend  may  no  longer  be  available,  and
familiar  features  of  a  Q\iy  may  assume  new  significance. 