terest     in     the
farm  work.
Paddocks  and
barnyards. — The
central  feature  of  barnyards  and  paddocks  should  be  a
lane  communicating  at  one  end,  by  means  of  gates,  with
the  stock  doors  of  the  barns,  with  paddocks,  yards  and


io8


FARM   DEVELOPMENT


side  lanes,  and,  at  the  outer  end,  with  the  lanes  leading  to
the  pastures  and  other  fenced  fields  of  the  farm.  Though
this  artery  be  very  simple  and  inexpensive,  yet  it  will  save
many  steps  and  make  gentle  treatment  of  the  stock  pos-
sible. Substantial  fences  may  now  be  made  so  cheaply  of
smooth  woven  wire  that  no  stock  farm  should  lack  a  handy

arrangement  of
paddocks  with
lanes  and  gates.
Lawn,  garden
and  orchard. —
The  lawn,  the
garden  and  the
orchard  should
each  be  given
room  in  the  orig-
inal plan  of  the
farmstead.  The
orchard  should
be  so  placed  that
the  air  will  not
-^— ..    remain     quiet

Figure   43A.      Shows  a   map   on   which   the   crops   grown   on  amOUfif    the    trCCS
each  field  for  a  given  year   (1911)   are  recorded,  together  with  mi         i        •

a  record  of  the  yield  of  each  crop,  etc.  It  will  be  observed  but  will  drain
that  these  are  the  crops   prescribed  for  the  year   1911   in  the

rotations  projected  in  Figure  42.  OUt    thuS  tendinfif

to  reduce  injury  from  bacterial  and  fungous  diseases  and
to  make  the  trees  less  subject  to  injury  from  frost.  A
northeast  slope,  with  trees  on  the  north  but  none  on  the
east,  often  best  combines  shelter  from  winter  winds  with
air  drainage.  In  some  cases  it  seems  best  not  to  surround
the  plat  chosen  for  an  orchard  with  the  grove,  or  else  to
place  the  orchard  on  the  north  or  east  side  of  the  grove.
