4 In the English ‘‘ bid” two separate original verbs are confused,
corresponding respectively to πιθ-έσθαι and πυθ-έσθαι, the former
in English originally meaning “‘ pray ” as in “ bidding-prayer,” the
latter ‘‘command” now the ordinary sense,


συν
i: ἐς,
‘


—$169 AISTORY OF 1 AND U SOUNDS 155


Indo-G. suffix -ino-:
ἀγχιστ-ῖνος : Lat. su-inu-s : Eng. sw-ine, O.E. sw-in
Weaker form of optative suffix -2- :
εἰδεῖμεν : Lat. stmus : O.H.G. sim and sin
(=*eldec-t-uev) (strong form in siem) (O.E. sien)
167. Indo-G. uv = Skt.u,Gk. v, Lat. u (ὁ or a neutral
sound before labials), Kelt. wv, Germ..~, Letto-Slav. wu.
νὺ : Lat. nu-diu-s : Eng. now, O.E. πᾶ
ζυγόν : Lat. jugum : Eng. yoke, Goth. juk
κλυ-τόςς : Lat. in-clu-tus : Germ. (H)lud-wig (=Lewis)'
For Latin ὁ (or the intermediate sound between
ὦ and wu, cp. optimus and optumus), we
have an example in /ibet, bye-form of
lubet from a root *lubh-. The <-form arose first in
a compound like quidlubet, where u being unaccented
becomes the neutral vowel. Compare also limpa or
lwmpa, later by reason of false derivation from Greek,
lympha. This variation is very frequent in the
dative and ablative plural of w-stems, as in geni-bu3
as well as genu-bus from gen-u.
168. Indo-G. ἃ -Ξ in the first stages of all the
separate languages.
