BIBLIOGRAPHY

I.  The  State  and  Poutical  Tendencies.  —  For  the  'theory  of  the
state/  forms  of  government,  and  the  like,  see  bibliography  under  Plato  and
Aristotle,  ch.  i.  §  xi.  For  the  character  and  activities  of  the  various  states  of
the  fourth  century,  see  the  i>ertinent  chapters  of  the  larger  histories  of  Greece,
especially  those  of  Grote,  Holm,  and  Beloch.  The  organization  and  administra-
tion of  states  are  treated  of  more  specifically  in  the  works  on  constitution  and
antiquities.  Under  this  heading  see  Schomann,  Griechische  AltertUmer^  I.
(4th  ed.  rev.  by  Lipsius) ;  Gilbert,  Constitutional  Antiquities  of  Sparta  and
Athens;  Greenidge,  A.  H.  J.,  Handbook  of  Greek  Constitutional  History;  Thum-
ser,  v.,  Griechische  StaatsaltertUmer  (Frieburg,  1892,  in  Hermann's  Lehrbuch
der  griech.  Antiquitdten) ;  Swoboda,  H.,  Griechische  StaatsaltertUmer  (Tiibingen,
1913,  also  in  Hermann's  Lehrh.) ;  Wilamowitz-MoellendorflF,  von,  and  Niese,  B.,
Stoat  und  GeseUschaft  der  Griechen  und  Romer  (Teubner,  1910) ;  Franco tte,  H.,
"La  polis  grecque,"  in  Stud.  z.  Gesch.  u.  Kidt.  des  Alt.  I.  3-4  (1907) ;  Milanges
du  droit  public  grec  (Liege,  19 10),  a  collection  of  essays  on  various  aspects  of  the
subject;   "Formation  des  villes,  des  6tats,"  etc.,  in  Acad.  roy.  Belg.  1901.  pp.
*  It  is  noteworthy  that  Aristotle  approves  of  state  aid  to  the  needy,  but  insists  that
it  must  be  so  granted  as  to  place  the  beneficiary  in  a  position  to  help  himself.
