As  the  Inca  was  the  ruler  of  the  four  quarters  of 'the  earth,
so  the  kingdom  was  divided  into  four  parts,  termed  Ttaliuan-
iin-suyu — or  the  four  provinces.  These  were  Anti-suyu —
east,  Cunti-suyu — west,  Chincha-suyu — north,  and  Colla-
suyu — south,  the  people  of  each  of  these  localities  being  dis-


DIVISION    OF    THE    PEOPLE.  37

tinguished  by  a  peculiar  dress,  and  when  they  were  as-
sembled in  the  capital  city  they  took  up  thtir  stations  nearest
to  that  part  of  the  country  to  which  they  belonged.  All  the
people  were  divided  into  ayllus  or  tribes,  the  unit  of  which
was  ten — the  Chunca,  similar  to  the  division  of  government  in
ancient  Rome.  Ten  families  being  under  the  command  of  a
Chunca  camayoc.  The  working  members  of  each  clan  were
assigned  to  definite  occupations;  the  boys  from  sixteen  to
twenty  were  set  apart  for  light  work  and  were  known  as  Cuca-
pallac  or  Coca  pickers.  Above  these  w.ere  the  Yma-huayna  or
sturdy  youths,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five.  Then  the  Puric,
who  were  able-bodied  men  and  heads  of  families,  capable  of
the  most  trying  work,  finally  the  Chanpi-ruccu  or  elderly  men,
who  were  unfitted  for  labor.  Ten  Chuncas  formed  a  Pachaca,
ten 'of  which  were  classed  as  a  Huaranca,  again  formed  into
ten,  making  a  Ilunu  of  10,000  men,  each  division  being  under
an  appropriate  officer.  The  army  was  formed  by  groups  of
ten  after  a  similar  manner  to  that  in  which  the  people  were
divided  into  clans.  Thus  there  were  ten  men,  ten  companies,
and  so  on,  extending  up  to  a  corps  of  five  thousand,  under  the
chief  captain  or  Hatun-apu,12  while  under  him  was  the  Hatun-
apup-rantin,  and  half  of  this  number  obeyed  an  Apu  or  cap-
tain with  his  Apup-rantins  or  lieutenants,  while  the  whole
army  was  commanded  by  an  Apusquipay.
