(2)  The  sense  of  guilt,  remorse,  a  condemning  con-
science, is  an  element  in  penalty.  Guilt  and  the  sense
of  guilt  are  not  the  same,  and  the  sense  of  guilt  is  not
always  present  where  it  belongs.  On  the  one  hand,  it  is
sometimes  banished  by  light-heartedness  or  preoccupa-
tion; and  on  the  other,  the  extreme  penalty  of  sin  must
be  a  state  in  which  the  sense  of  guilt  is  lost  through  hard-
ening of  the  heart.  Hence,  we  cannot  say  that  the  sense
of  guilt  as  an  element  in  penalty  is  always  present.  But
it  is  a  normal  element  in  penalty.  Self-judgment  is  a
natural  act  of  the  human  powers.  Man  is  so  constituted
that  sin  naturally  calls  forth  upon  him  the  condemnation
of  conscience  and  the  intolerable  lashing  of  remorse.  It
is  normal  that  a  wilful  sinner  should  be  rendered  inwardly
miserable  by  feeling  the  blameworthiness  of  his  sin.
