Exposition  achieves  its  purpose  if  it  makes  the  Argument
persons   addressed   understand  what   is   said;  ^f^"^^^®**
argument   achieves   its   purpose   if   it   makes  e^po^t^o"*-
them   believe  that  what  is  maintained   is   true :   expo-
sition aims  at  explaining,  argument  at  convincing.      The
difference  between  an  argument  and  an  exposition  may
be  shown  by  a  comparison  between  the  address  of   an
advocate  to  the  jury  and  the  charge  of  the  judge.     The
advocate  tries  to  convince  the  jury  that  his  client  has
the  right  on  his  side ;  the  judge,  if  he  has  the  truly  judi-
cial spirit,  tries  to  make  the  jury  understand  the  question
at  issue  exactly  as  it  is.
The  work  of  argument  is  sometimes  done  by  exposi-
tion. Thus,  Cardinal  Newman  ^  expounds  the  distinction
between  true  and  false  education  so  skilfully  Argument  in

the  form  of

that  the  reader  draws  for  himself  the  conclu-  exposition,
sion  suggested,  but  not  proved,  by  the  author;  and
Webster  2  points  out  so  plainly  the  evils  that  would
result  from  an  attempt  to  nullify  a  law  of  the  United
States  that  the  inference  from  what  he  says  is  unmis-
takable.    Argument  which  thus  takes  the  form  of  expo-

1  See  pages  312,  313.  *  See  pages  308-310.
328  KINDS  OF   COMrOSITION.
sition  may  be  more  effective  than  it  would  be  in  its  own
form.
The  way  for  argument  is  often  prepared  by  exposition.
Some  words  of  the  assertion  in  dispute  may  need  to  be
Argument  defined  aud  their  relations  to  one  another  made
by  exposition,  clear.  If  the  subject  1=5  r-ovel  or  complex,  the
assertion  as  a  whole  may  need  to  be  explained  before  the
argument  is  begun.  It  is  useless  to  try  to  convince  a  man
of  the  truth  of  anything  that  he  does  not  understand.
SECTION  I.
