CHAP,     dominion.     The  work  alike  of  Cassar  and  of  Charles

VIII.
■ • — '   was  wiped  out  from  the  Eternal  City.     The  Empire  of

1809.  '  the  Gauls,  which  Civilis  had  dreamed  of  more  than
seventeen  centuries  before,  had  come  at  last.
The  fate  of  the  remainder  of  the  peninsula  had  been
already  sealed  before  Eome  became  French.    The  king-
dom of  the  Two  Sicilies  fell  asunder.     The  Bourbon
king  kept  his  island,  as  the  Savoyard  king  kept  his.
Kingdoms     Tlic  Continental  kingdom  passed,   as   a  Kingdom  of
and  Sicily,    JSfapks,  first  to  Joscph  Buouaparto,  and  then  to  Joa-
isS  de  n    ^^^^^^  Murat.     But  the  outlying  Tuscan  possessions  of
I'rtsidi.       j.]jj^  Sicilian  crown  had  already  passed  to  France,  and
Bene^ento.    Beuevento,  the  outlying  papal  possession  in  the  heart

of  the  khigdom,  became  a  separate  principality.
Italy  under       Thus  all  Italv — unless  we  count  the  island  kino;doms

French  ....
dominion,  of  Sardinia  and  Sicily  as  parts  of  Italy — was  brought
under  French  dominion  in  one  form  or  another.  But
of  that  dominion  there  were  three  varieties.  The  whole
western  part  of  the  land,  from  Aosta  to  Tarracina —

Partincor-   uulcss  it  is  wortli  whllc  to  cxccpt  the  new  Lucchese

poruted

with  duchy — was  formally  incorporated  with  France.     The


ranee.
north-eastern    side,   from   Bozen  to  Ascoh,  formed  a
Extent  of     Kiugdoiii  of  Italy,  distinct  from  France,  but  held  by

the  king-
dom of         the  same  sovereign.     And  this  Kinii-dom  of  Italy  was

Italy.  ,  ^  o  -^     _

further  increased  to  the  north  by  part  of  those  Italian

lands  which  had  become  Swiss  and  German.     Southern

Kingdom  of  Italy,  the  Kingdom  of  Naples,  remained  in  form  an  inde-

Naples.
