Around  this  small  plantation  another  had  been  planted  ten  years
before,  and  inclosed,  the  exposed  side  having  an  upright  paling-fence  4^
feet  high,  the  openings  being  1^  inches  apart,  which  did  good  service
while  it  remained  ;  hut  upon  removing  the  fence  it  was  soon  found  that
the  trees  had  been  too  kindly  nursed  by  the  shelter  to  withstand  the
severity  of  the  exposure,  many  Scotch  firs  being  blown  down,  and  others
half  over,  with  their  roots  partly  out  of  the  soil.  The  birch  trees  fared
no  better,  and  many  appeared  as  if  they  had  been  pulled  over.
This  shows  the  need  of  bringing  up  young  trees  in  bleak  places,  as
hardy  as  possible,  so  that  they  may  take  girth,  in  proportion  to  their
height,  and  make  good  root  growth  so  as  to  hold  them  firm  against
severe  winds.  If  a  shelter  is  provided  for  young  trees  in  such  places  it
should  be  a  good  stone  wall  or  dike  with  a  rough  and  irregularly  pro-
jecting coping,  by  which  the  wind  is  broken  as  it  rises  on  the  wall,  and
prevented  from  striking  the  trees  with  great  force,  or  at  once,  as  it
might  do  with  a  level  coping  of  the  width  of  the  wall.  Many  prefer
artificial  paling,  brush,  or  stake  and  rise  shelter  to  stone  walls  or  dikes,
which  do  very  well  if  kept  up  till  the  trees  can  do  without  them,  but
they  are  expensive,  and  do  not  furnish  a  permanent  inclosure  like  a  wall
or  dike.
