Edmunds,  J.  S.  Adams,  and  other  citizens.  A  leading  dem-
ocrat, I.  B.  Bowdish,  said  he  had  been  one  of  the  hardest  of
hardshell  democrats  ;  he  had  believed  as  well  as  he  could
that  the  negro  was  born  to  servitude  and  that  his  con-
dition was  improved  by  it  in  this  country;  but  having
stood  up  for  the  rights  of  the  South,  he  now  stood  up  for
the  North  and  for  the  flag.  Civil  war  had  begun,  and  he
knew  of  no  polite  way  of  carrying  it  on.  He  was  for  appro-
priating every  dollar  and  for  sending  every  available  man  if
necessary  to  settle  this  question.  Eesolutions  were  unani-
mously adopted  instructing  the  representative  of  Burlington
in  the  Legislature  to  vote  for  a  war  appropriation  of  $500,000,
and  in  favor  of  pledging  the  entire  military  force  of  the
State  for  the  support  of  the  Federal  Government.  Sub-
scription lists  for  men  and  money  were  opened  ;  twenty-one
volunteers  (in  addition  to  a  number  already  enlisted)  enrolled
their  names  on  the  spot,  and  several  thousand  dollars  were
pledged  for  the  support  of  the  families  of  volunteers  during
their  absence.
Similar  scenes  were  witnessed  all  over  the  State.  The
public  meetings  and  flag-raisings  were  so  numerous  that  the
newspapers  could  not  chronicle  them  and  noticed  only  the


22  VERMONT   IN   THE   CIVIL   WAR.
