"Let  us  suppose  the  velocity  of  the  water  to  be  twenty-four  feet
per  second;  then  the  velocity  of  the  wheel  being  twelve  feet  per
second,  the  relative  velocity  of  the  water  with  respect  to  the  wheel,
or  the  velocity  with  which  it  overtakes  the  wheel,  will  be  twelve
feet  per  second.  Now  it  is  proved  theoretically,  and  also  demon-
strated by  experiment,  that  water  will  flow  over  the  entire  surface
of  the  semi-circular  buckets  of  the  wheel  with  the  same  velocity
with  which  it  first  impinged  against  them,  or  twelve  feet  per  sec-
ond.   Then,  as  the  water  in  passing  over  the  face  of  the  buckets


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272  VJatm,-  WK^^Io


S

ts
i.
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Early  Development  of  Impulse  Wheel.
273


m    >«>«>••••••••<


Pi«.  162.— SecUon-Elevatlon  Snoqualmie  Falls  Reaction  Turbine  (The  Piatt

Iron  Works  Co.).
Fig.  163.— Plan  of  Atkins  TVheel  and  Wlieel  Case  (1853).    From  C^assier's
Magazine,  Vol.  v,  p.  119.
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274


Water  Wheels,


CD'

a.  Moore  bucket,  1874*


C.  Dodd  bucket,  1889.
6.  Knight  buckets,  1870.
(L  Uug  bucket,  1897.
«.  Doble  Ellipsoidal  bucket,

1889.  /.  Pelton  bucket,  1880.
Fig.  1C4. — Buckets  of  Tangential  or  Impulse  Water  Wheels.     (Trans.  Am.
Inst.  Mining  Bng.  1899.
Mr.  Atkins'  first  application  for  a  patent  was  rejected.  After  a
long  illness,  from  which  he  finally  recovered,  he  again  applied  for  a
patent  which  was  finally  granted  in  1875.  Th^  Atkins*  patents  are
simply  of  historical  interest  as  his  inventions  have  had  little  effect
on  the  practical  development  of  the  impulse  wheel.
