([))  Members  of  a  trade  union  may  induce  persons
to  break  contracts  and  interfere  with  the
right  of  persons  to  dispose  of  their  labour
.  and  capital  as  they  will,  provided  no  other
ground  of  action  save  that  of  such  induce-
ment or  interference  is  ur^-ed  ao-ainst
them  (/>).
(c)  Acts  done  by  members  of  a  trade  union  in
combination,  when  not  actionable  if  done
by  individuals,  are  not  unlawful  (c).
(2)  But  when  there  is  no  such  trade  dispute
in  contemplation  or  furtherance;

(a)  Picketing  is  probably  unlawful  (<l).
(b)  Members  of  a    trade   union    may    be    held

liable  for  procuring  breaches  of  contract,
or  preventing  by  illegal  means  persons
entering  into  contracts,  unless  they  can
justify  their  acts(c).
(c)  A    combination     merely     to    inter j ere    with

another  in  his  trade  or  labour  is  not
unlawful,  unless  such  interference  by  one
person  would  have  been  unlawful  (/);
but  a  combination  to  injure  another  in  his
trade  or  labour  may  be  unlawful  {g).
{a)  Supra,  p.  61.  (e)  Supra,  p.  70.
{h)  Sujjra,  p.  08.  (/)  Supra,  p.  75.
(c)  Supra,  p.  75.  ((/)  Supra,  p.  78.
{d)  Supra,  \t.  67,  01  (note  A).
CHAPTEE    IV.
RESTRAINT    OF    TRADE.
The  purposes  of  a  tnido  union,  by  reason
merely  that  they  are  in  restraint  of  trade,  are
not  uuhiwful,  so  as  to  render  any  member  of
such  trade  union  liable  to  criminal  prosecution,
or  so  as  to  render  void  or  voidable  any  agreement
or  trust  (a).
Before  the  Trade  Union  Act,  1871,  was  passed,  F„r„ier
trade   unions   were    unincorporated    societies,    not  oJ^^Sdl"^
recognised  as  legal,  and  in  that  sense,  at  least,  they  unions.
