"  The  centesimal  galactometer  is  rei^resented  in  Jig.  70. ;  it  is  com-
posed —

"  1st.  Of  a  stem  A,  a,  enclosing  scales.
Fig.  67.
CcRD  OF  Milk.
"  2nd.  Of  a  cylinder  B,  serving  to  float  it.
"  3rd.  And  of  a  bulb  C,  charged  with  shot,  serving  as  a  ballast,  so
that  the  instrument  floats  upright  in  the  milk.  Of  these  three  parts,
it  is  only  necessary  to  well  understand  one,  that  whith  encloses  the
scales  A  a:  the  scale  .A,  in  part  coloured  yellow,  serves  to  weigh  the
milk  with  its  cream  ;  the  first  degree  on  the  top  of  the  scale  is  marked
50.  The  following  extend  from  50  to  100  and  over.*  Each  degree
starting  from  100  in  mounting  up  to  50  represents  a  hundredth
of  pure  milk :  the  degrees  formed  by  a  line  are  equal,  as  50,  52,
54,  &c. ;  the  degrees  formed  by  a  dot  are  unequal  degrees,  as  81,  83,
85,  &c.  To  comprehend  well  the  value  of  the  degrees  of  this  scale,  it
is  sufficient  to  give  an  example  :  —  Supposing  then  that  the  galacto-
meter is  sunk  to  the  85th  degree,  that  will  indicate  85-hundre(iths  of
pure  milk,  and  consequently  that  15-hundredths  of  water  had  been
added  to  this  milk ;  the  galactometer  is  stopped  at  60  degrees,  there

•  It  will  be  seen  that  this  scale  has  been  cut  down  to  half  its  Kradiiatinn,  and  that  it»
0  corresponds  to  distilled  water  ;  we  have  suppressed  the  first  ."iO  degrees,  which  would
have  lengthened  the  stem  of  the  iustrument,  and  have  rendered  it  mure  fragile  without  any
utility.
MILK,    AND    ITS    ADULTERATIONS.
