CIVIL  SERVICE  IN  GREAT  BRITAIN.  147

The  members  of  the  Cabinet  were  members  of  the  Parliamen-
tary majority.  What  was  called  The  Treasury  had  (subject  to
the  influence  of  members  of  Parliament)  something  like  a  con-
trol over  the  greater  number  of  the  appointments  and  promo-
tions. Thei-e  was  a  permanent  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  ;  and
in  addition  there  were  the  following  (political)  officers  who
went  out  with  each  administration — ^viz.,  the  first  Lord  of  the
Treasury  (generally  the  Prime  Minister),  the  Chancellor  of  the
Exchequer,  and  several  junior  lords,  which  together  consti-
tute "  The  Treasury y

Such,  in  substance,  appears  to  have  been  the  condition  pf
the  English  civil  service  in  the  period  from  1820  to  1830 ;
the  relative  power  of  the  Crown,  the  Cabinet,  The  Treasury,
and  the  members  of  Parliament  over  appointments  and  pro-
motions being  very  inadequately  defined,  and  by  far  the
greater  evil  being  patronage  in  the  control  of  members  of
Parliament.  The  system  of  administration,  in  short,  was  at
this  date  the  partisffti  system,  in  its  most  characteristic  and  ex-
treme form,  but  without  the  spoils  element  in  the  mercenary
or  more  corrupt  sense.
