Order  132.     CONIFERS.      (Pine  Family.)

Trees  or  shrubs,  with  branching  stems,  composed  of  glandular  or  disk-
bearing  woody  tissue  without  ducts,  resinous  juice,  linear  or  needle-shaped


432  CONIFERS.      (pine  family.)

mostly  persistent  leaves,  and  monoecious  or  dioecious  amentaceous  flowers.
Calyx  and  corolla  none.  Ovules  orthotropous.  Fruit  a  cone  or  drupe,
Embryo  iu  the  axis  of  the  albumen.     Cotyledons  2  or  more.
Synopsis.
SUBORDER  I.  ABIETTNFLE.  Fertile  flowers  consisting  of  numer-
ous bracted  imbricated  carpellary  scales,  bearing  two  collateral  inverted
<>\  ales  at  their  base,  and  forming  a  cone  in  fruit.     Buds  scaly.
1.  PIXUS.     Leaves  2 -  5  in  a  cluster,  mostly  elongated,  sheathed  at  the  base.  •

2.  ABIES.     Leaves  single,  short,  destitute  of  a  sheath.
Suborder  LT.  CUPRESSINEiE.  Fertile  flowers  consisting  of  few
bractless  mostly  peltate  carpellary  scales,  bearing  one  or  several  erect
ovules  at  their  base,  becoming  fleshy  or  indurated,  and  forming  in  fruit  a
drupe  or  cone.     Buds  naked.
3.  JUXIPERUS.    Fruit  a  drupe.    Leaves  minute,  imbricated.
4.  CUPRESSUS.     Fruit  a  globular  cone,  with  peltate  scales.     Leaves  imbricated,  persistent.
5.  TAXODIUM.     Fruit  a  globular  cone,  with  peltate  scales.     Leaves  spreading,  on  slender

deciduous  branchlets.
6.  THUJA.     Fruit  an  oblong  cone,  with  imbricated  oblong  scales.     Leaves  minute,  imbri-

cated on  the  flattened  branches,  persistent.
Suborder  III.  TAXINEiE.  Fertile  flower  solitary,  without  a  car-
pellary scale.     Fruit  a  drupe.     Buds  scaly.
7.  TAXES.     Drupe  surrounded  by  a  fleshy  cup.     Albumen  homogeneous.
8.  TORREYA.     Drupe  naked.     Albumen  ruminated.
1.     PINUS,    Tourn.     Pine.
