This  is  especially  the  case  on  the  hot  slopes  of  the  Rhone  valley,  and
again  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Zermatt.  These  isolated  colonies
remind  us  of  the  occurrence  of  tropical  and  semi-tropical  birds  and
plants  in  the  Jordan  valley  and  the  basin  of  the  Dead  Sea,  as  well  as
of  the  boreal  forms  clustering  around  the  summits  of  Hermon  and
Lebanon.     Tristram,  The  Land  of  Israel.    Ch.  xxv.     I  believe  that

2^


338  APPENDIX.
the  more  the  Alps  are  studied,  the  more  they  will  be  found  to  shew
that  continuity  of  change,  not  catastrophe,  has  been  the  law  which
has  governed  the  earth.
CHAPTER  IX.
(P.  239).  I  might  have  added  that  the  scarcity  of  fuel  in  some
parts  of  the  Alps  compels  the  peasants  to  use  dried  cow-dung  for  fuel.
It  is  done  especially  in  the  villages  on  the  treeless  slopes  above  La
Grave  (Dauj^hine).  The  Bedawin  use  dry  camels'  dung  for  the  same
purpose.
CHAPTER  X.
Brockedon's  work.  Illustrations  of  the  Passes  of  the  Alps,  contains
much  information  about  the  Alpine  Passes;  but  the  numerous  en-
gravings are  far  from  satisfactory.
(P.  265).  The  latest  works  on  the  subject  are : — For  the  Little
St  Bernard,  The  Alps  of  Hannibal^  by  W.  J.  Law ;  for  the  Little
Mont  Cenis,  A  Treatise  on  HannibaVs  Passage  of  the  Alps,  by  R.
Ellis,  and  On  the  Ancient  Routes  between  Italy  and  Gaul,  by  the
same  author.
