1.  ItituriT  bmind  Co  knmc  Public  Facli  and  the   U(agn  g/"  Trade'}—


is  bound  to  know  public  facts,  and  the  nature  and  peculiar  circunt-
atances  of  (lie  branches  of  trade  to  which  the  policy  relates(n>).  Tbu.
where  on  an  innurance  on  goods  from  London  to  Jamaica  generally,  ibt

Siods  insured  were  destined  to  a  particidar  plantation  to  that  island  ;  and
e  usual  course  in  such  a  case  was  for  the  ship  to  proceed  to  au  adjoin-
ing port,  and  there  trnnship  her  carg^  into  ahaltops ;  but  no  communica-
tion of  this  fact  WBB  given  to  Ihp  underwriters  :  it  was  held,  ihut  ibri
were  stilt  liable  for  a  loss  which  occurred  aAer  such  transbipmoct  co
board  the  shallaps(n).  And  so  in  an  action  on  a  policy  at  and  &Mn
Opono  lo  London,  it  was  held  that  the  underwriters  were  bound  of  tbein*
aelves  to  taie  notice  of  an  usage  to  load  part  of  the  cargo  outside  of
Oporto  bar,  when,  from  the  state  of  the  river,  ships  cannot  ctKiTeiiiently
load  entirely  within  side  of  the  bar((i).  So  a  policy  on  goods,  Sol,  on
board  a  ship,  on  her  voyage  from  London  to  Madras  and  China,  with
liberty  to  touch,  stay,  and  trade  at  any  port  or  places  whatever,  was  con-
sidered to  cover  a  voyage  from  Madras  to  Bengal  for  rice,  on  account  of
the  Madras  council,  lu  which  the  ship  was  lost ;  because,  by  uai^,  ahif*

(K)  Weir  T.  Abirittn,  2  B.  &  A.  (I)  Cantr  v.  Bothm,  1  W.  BIw^

330.  693;  3  Burr.  1903.
(J)  UM  V.  CctptT,  14  Esit,  479.  (m)  NoAl*  v.  Kt»na<cay,  1  DowL

{it)  Rirfiardi  v.  MuTdocIc,  10  B.  &  610.
C.  537  ;  S.  P.  etntri,  Darrtlt  v.  Be.  (n)  Stmarl  v.  BfU.  5  B.  &  A.  338.
