They  liked  to  work  with  him.  W,;,  on  the  other
hand,  gave  more  help  than  anyone  else  in  the  room.
His  help  was  always  accepted  but  it  was  rarely
reciprocated.  Two  people,  W5  and  S2,  gave  help  a
few  times,  but  on  no  occasion  did  they  receive  help.
FRIENDSHIPS   AND   ANTAGONISMS

To  summarize  the  friendships  and  antagonisms
which  existed  in  this  group,  Figures  5  and  6  have
been  prepared.  Figure  5  shows  friendships;  Figure
6  shows  antagonisms.  The  three  soldering  units  are
arranged  as  in  the  previous  diagrams.
Looking  first  at  Figure  5,  representing  friend-
ships, it  will  be  seen  that  they  tend  to  cluster  in  two
groups.  One  group  includes  five  people  who  were
in  the  front  of  the  room,  W\,  W3,  W4,  S4,  and  I4.
The  other  group  comprises  the  members  of  solder-
ing unit  C,  the  four  people  in  the  rear  of  the  room.
Outside  of  these  two  groups  the  only  strong  friend-
ship was  that  between  S4  and  W7.  Five  people,  W2,


Figure  5

Friendships

BANK  WIRING  OBSERVATION    ROOM


F.  J.  Roethlisberger  and  \Y.  f.  Dickson:  Organization  of  Primary  Working  Group  355

antagonisms  directed  from  W,,  W3,  W4.  Sx,  and  Ix
as  a  group  toward  anyone.  In  this  respect  the  wire-
men  in  soldering  unit  C  were  unique:  they  pos-
sessed an  internal  solidarity,  a  certain  cohesion
among  themselves,  and  strong  external  antagonism
or  opposition  to  certain  persons  outside  of  their
group.
