The  nature  of  wood-engraving  gives  the  engraver  the
choice  of  two  methods  of  procedure,  or  a  combination
of  the  two.  He  may  cut  away  the  wood  so  as  to  leave
narrow  lines  raised  above  the  surface,  resembling,  when
printed,  the  lines  made  by  a  pen  on  the  paper.  He  may,
on  the  other  hand,  cut  lines  in  the  wood-block  in  the  same
way  that  he  would  cut  them  in  a  copperplate,  but  the
lines  so  cut  will  not  show  black  in  the  subsequent  print-
ing, because  they  are  below  the  surface  of  the  block  and
cannot,  therefore,  hold  the  ink.  As  the  ink  is  held  by  the
surface  on  each  side  of  the  line,  the  result  in  the  printing
is  a  white  line  on  a  black  ground.  This  work  in  white  line
is  the  true  method  for  the  wood-engraver,  as  it  is  more

11


in  the  spirit  of  his  process  than  the  black  line,  which
requires  more  labour.
The  inking  of  a  wood-block  for  printing  is  done  with  a
roller,  as  in  ordinary  printing  from  type.
IX

LITHOGRAPHY

A  LITHOGRAPH,  in  its  ordinary  form,  is  simply  a  crayon-
drawing  on  stone  done  precisely  in  the  manner  of  a
crayon-drawing  on  paper,  the  difference  being  that  the
drawing  on  stone  may  be  multiplied,  as  in  etching  or  en-
graving.
