Spaulding, E. G., national bank bill of, 332
note.
Specie, natural effect of exports of, thwarted
under our currency system, 240-241;
movement of, during the crisis of 1857,
277, 279, 286 ; during the crisis of i860 ;
302, 304. 3x1; held by the banks, 1863-
1868, 344-345.
Specie payments, suspension ot in 1857, 280-
284; resumption of, 288; suspension in
1860,309-310; in 1861, 331; proposal in
1864 that banks prepare for resumption,
344 ; public opinion in 1865 faivorable to,
348 ; resumption in 1879, 359-

Springer v. United States, 98.
Stanhope, Lord, 84 note.
Stevens, T., quoted, loi note.
Suffolk bank system, the, 319.
Sugar, 291 ; speculation of 1857 in, 275.
Surplus of national banks, required by act of
1864, 339, 340 ; from the sale of gold, 344-
345 ; amount of, 350, 361.
Taille r^elle, 97.
Tariff, varying policy as to. 26; demand for
unscientific teaching of, 157 ; of 1890. and
the Silver Purchase Act, 221 ; ad valorem
system of 1846, 268.
Taxation, of personal property ineffective, 124 ;
of state bank-notes, 343. See Direct Tax
and Income Tax.
Teller. Senator, on the Silver Purchase Act of
1890, 221.
Tennessee, collection of direct tax in, 105
note.
Texas, number and bond-holdings of national
banks in, 230-233 ; state banks unconstitu-
tional in, 232. 270.
Thompson, R. E.. 16.
372



INDEX



Tobacco, 3, 291.
Tontine measures of Hamilton and Pitt, 78.
Tooke, T., on bank accounts, 171.
Treasury of the United States, purchases bonds
during the crisis of 1857, 281, 285. See
Independent Treasury.
Treasury, Secretary of, early position of, 71 ;
decline of influence of, 216.
Treasury notes of 189a See Silver Purchase
Act.
Trenholm, W. L., 180, 184.
Trevisan, B., 157 note.
