R.  s.  The  whole  length  of  the  Abdominal  Aorta.     It  is  seen  embraced  by

the  diaphragm  at  e,  and  immediately  giving  off  the  phrenic  and  cceliac

arteries.
1 .  The  Right  Phrenic  Artery.
2.  The  Left  Phrenic  Artery.
3.  The  Root  of  the  CoRliac  Artery.
4.  4.  The  Upper  Mesenteric  Artery.
5.  5.  The  Emulgent  Arteries.
6.  The  Loiver  Mesenteric  Artery.
7.  The  Superior  Hcemorrhoidal  Artery,  a  branch  of  the  last.
8.  8.  The  Common  Iliac  Arteries.
9.  The  Internal  Iliac.     It  is  seen  to  give  off  the  gluteal,  the  ischiatic,  and

the  obturator  artery.
The  Phrenic  Arteries

Are  ramified  on  the  concave  surface  of  the  diaphragm,  and
are  almost  always  two  in  number;  they  are  denominated  right
and  left  from  their  position.  They  commonly  originate  sepa-
rately  from  the  aorta,  but   sometimes  they  arise  in   a  common


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DISTRIBUTION    OF     THE    CffiLIAC    AKTERY.  285

trunk  which  soon  divides.  In  some  instances  they  are  derived
from  the  coeliac.  In  a  few  cases  the  aorta  furnishes  one,  and
the  coelic  the  other.  Each  of  the  phrenic  arteries  commonly
crosses  the  crus  bf  the  diaphragm  on  its  respective  side,  and
proceeding  laterally,  in  a  circular  direction,  often  ramifies  so  as
to  form  an  internal  and  external  branch.  Each  of  them  gene-
rally sends  branches  to  the  cardia  or  oesophagus,  to  the  glan-
dulae  renales,  and  other  contiguous  parts.
Distribution  of  the   Cceliac  Artery    (^See    Plate  VIII.  facing

page  286.)

A.  The  Liver  raised  so  as  to  show  its  concave  surface.
B.  The  Gall  Bladder.
c.  The  Stomach  laid  down  to  the  left  side.
D.  The  Omentum.
E.  The  Colon.
F.  The  Small  Intestines.
1.  The  Aorta.
2.  The  Root  of  the  Cceliac  Artery.
3.  The  Superior  Coronary  Artery  of  the  Stomach.
4.  The  Splenic  Artery.
