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362  DEMOCRACY  IN  EDUCATION

ments  of  the  modern  world.  Religious  revolution,  from  the
Reformation  down  to  the  present,  shows  clearly  that  human
life  is  moving  on  toward  an  ideal  of  freedom  from  the  arbi-
trary dogmas  and  authorities  of  the  past.  Political  revo-
lution brings  home  to  men  continuously  the  fact  that  there
is  no  halting-place  short  of  the  life  of  reason.  Industrial
changes  are  demonstrating  that  old  distinctions  between  the
educated  and  uneducated  classes  can  no  longer  be  main-
tained along  economic  lines.  And  the  intellectual  revolu-
tion is  simply  gathering  up,  organizing,  generalizing,  and
applying  these  great  realizations  to  the  ever-widening
spheres  of  living.  Education  must  turn  them  all  to  the
uses  of  living  and  the  preparation  for  more  intelligent  liv-
ing. The  task  of  education  becomes  inclusive.  The  ideal
of  education  under  these  conditions  of  freed  emotion,  intel-
ligence, and  action  is  really  human  in  a  sense  never  dreamed
by  the  Humanists.  Economically,  men  must  be  free  to
work,  to  enjoy,  and  to  share  the  values  and  meanings  of  life
in  a  human  way.  Very  well ;  let  education  take  account  of
this  aspect  of  the  task.  Politically,  men  must  be  free  to
deliberate,  to  know,  to  decide,  to  choose,  and  thus  to  help
determine  their  own  destinies  and  the  destinies  of  one  an-
other in  a  human  way.  Very  well;  let  education  take  ac-
count of  this  fact.  Religiously,  men  must  be  free  to  wor-
ship or  to  refuse  to  worship,  to  "reverence  their  conscience
as  their  king"  in  a  human  sort  of  way.  Very  well ;  let  edu-
cation understand  this  fact.  And  intelligence  must  become
big  enough  to  comprehend  these  freedoms  which  the  soul
of  the  race  is  determined  upon.  The  ideal  of  education  in
a  democracy  must  be  inclusive  enough  to  maintain  an  actual
aim  of  freedom,  while  at  the  same  time  making  use  of  all
the  materials  of  the  past  and  all  the  achievements  of  the
present  to  realize  and  criticize  and  make  effective  that  aim
of  freedom.
