In  Florida  the  ballot  has  taken  the  form  of  a  narrow
strip  3>^  inches  wide  by  32>^  inches  long;^  while  in
Nebraska,  at  the  Presidential  election  of  191 2,  the
ballot  measured  8  feet  2  inches  by  6  inches.    At  the
first  direct  primary  election  in  New  York  City,*  under
the  law  of  191 1,  the  ballot  used  by  Republican  and
Democratic  voters  was  14  feet  in  length.
(2)  Some  States  permit  each  party  to  select  some
distinctive  emblem  to  appear  at  the  head  of  the

*  P.  L.  Allen,  op.  cU,;  J.  W.  Gamer,  in  Am.  Pol.  Sd,  Assn.  Pro*
ceedingSf  IV,  164  (1907).
*  Held  March  26,  191a.
Elections  and  Ballots  331

column  on  the  official  ballot  containing  the  names  of
the  party  candidates.  This  is  for  the  benefit  of  illit-
erate voters.  There  is  the  greatest  variety  in  the
choice  of  emblems  even  for  the  same  party  in  diflfer-
ent  sections  of  the  country.  Perhaps  the  most  com-
mon are  the  eagle  for  the  Republican  party  and  a
cock  for  the  Democratic  party.*

(3)  Regarding  the  means  for  marking  ballots  there
is  also  no  uniformity,  although  most  States  require
the  use  of  an  ordinary  black  lead-pencil.  Stamps  are
permitted  in  four  States,  ink  in  West  Virginia,  and
an  indelible  pencil  in  Maryland.^

(4)  As  regards  the  place  of  marking  on  the  ballot,
there  is  likewise  no  complete  uniformity.  In  some
States  marking  must  be  made  at  the  right  of  the  can-
didate's name,  while  in  others  it  is  permissible  to
mark  at  the  left  of  the  candidate's  name;  and  in  Wis-
consin, at  least,  it  is  permissible  to  make  the  mark
under  the  name  of  the  candidate.
