The  drainings  from  stables  are  obtained  in  two  ways,  and  the
properties  of  the  manures  differ  widely,  according  to  the  mode  of
their  extraction  and  fermentation.  The  liquids  firom  stables  should
immediately  pass  into  a  cistern  underground,  and  when  full  be
permitted  to  undergo  a  mucous  fermentation,  during  which  pro-
cess it  must  not  be  disturbed  for  a  week,  after  which  time  it  may
be  diluted  with  a  large  quantity  of  water,  and  is  fit  for  use.  The
other  method  is  to  allow  it  to  run  into  pools,  by  which  much  of
the  ammonia  is  lost.  The  urine,  greasy  water,  and  wash  water,
from  the  dwelling,  may  run  together  in  a  proper  cistern,  and  the
quantity  be  vastly  increased  by  the  addition  of  water,  thus  gaining
in  quantity  and  other  conditions.  There  appears  to  be  miscon-
ception in  relation  to  the  power  of  pumping  mixtures  of  common
dung  through  pipes  on  account  of  clogging.  I  have  seen  tolerably
thick  sand  delivered  by  pump  through  a  hose  one  thousand  feet
long,  and  distributed  with  ease,  in  a  pottery.  And  was  so  struck
with  the  feasibility  of  moving  thick  substances  in  water,  that  I
would  sooner  undertake  to  clay  a  sandy  field  through  this  medium
than  by  carting,  and  the  distribution  would  be  far  more  efifectual.
In  Tuscany  the  Bonificamento  of  the  Maremma,  is  a  work  that  by
means  of  water  power  upwards  of  two  feet  in  thickness  of  solid
earth  has  been  spread  over  forty  square  miles  of  country,  a  mass
of  earth  work  equal  to  eighty-two  and  a  half  million  cubic  yards,
regularly  deposited.
