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150 FLUGEL MEMORIAL VOLUME

mountain or pair of mountains could, in careless writing, open at the
top and ultimately appear as a series of horizontal lines intersected by
vertical lines, or as a square with a cross in the center. There thus
arose the various forms —

1. Three mountains

2. Two mountains

3. One mountain

4. Intersected triangle

5. Intersected quadrilateral




51. These various forms, or some of them, persisted in each com-
munity and got specific values as the general idea 'country' became
differentiated into 'land,' 'district,' 'foreign country.' But this differ-
entiation was not absolute, nor was it identical in all countries.
Compare the three mountains —

A/\ C, "I

(1) Sumerian /S. or ^\ I

/ j \ mounta * HS OT country

(2) Assyrian O , later <* J

(3) Hittite L \ country (yVY")

(4) Egyptian r^^--^*l foreign country
And the two mountains —

(5) Mmoan AA £ """"> Wo)

M fb^\ >MV country or district
i=A &£) (vfi/Ya, Sijuoc/oauoc;)

(7) Egyptian I I I I I district, derived from an earlier

/ I V I \ , an opened form of two intersected mountains, like £O^Q.
