—§ 352 “7 Μὲ ENDING IN SPIRANTS 351


is left in Latin is degener by the side of gen-us,
and even here it is more likely to be a late forma-
tion after the verb degenero than an early form.
The adjective vetus is in origin a substantive
(δ 55,n.1). Analogy has led frequently to the
generalising of one grade of the stem at the expense
of the other grades. Thus αἰδώς makes as its
genitive not *aidé(c)os but aido(c)os, αἰδοῦς. In
Latin this is more frequent: hondris for *honeris
from *hones-is with the 6 of the nom.; arboris for
*arbes-is ; temporis for *tempes-is, cp. the case-form
temperi isolated as an adverb. (3) A weaker form
of the suffix, where the vowel is represented by
“schwa” 9, is probably to be found in such nouns
as the Greek κρέας when compared with the Skt.
kravis. But it is noticeable that most of the Greek
stems in -as have some type of -n-stem in connexion
with them; compare κέρας with Latin corn-u Eng.
horn (§ 106), and in Greek itself with κάρα, κάρνο-ς,
and κράσ-πεδον. κέρας may therefore represent
*kern-s. γέρ-ας and γῆρ-ας (both connected with
yép-wv) may also show traces of -n-, but here the
stem should end in -nt-. (4) To the weakest of all
the forms of the stem, viz. -s-, it seems other suffixes
were occasionally added; hence probably the origin
of the Greek xép-c-n, “temple” (from the same
root as xép-as) and δόξ-α (=*8ox-c-a), etc., ep.
Lat. noxa from the same root as nec-o.
352. Closely connected with this suffix are
two other suffixes -ges- and -yes-. -tes has been


* This form however with -& might represent *dox-r.é (i-suffix,
§ 374).
