Gibson  and  by  Thomas  Jefferys.  The  last  serves  as  plate  No.  32  in
Jefferys'  "  A  General  topography  of  North  America  and  the  West
Indies,"  London,  1768,  and  as  No.  18  in  his  "American  Atlas  "  of
1775.  About  the  same  time  (1776)  I.  Pownall,  Governor  of  Penn-
sylvania,  published   in   London   a   "  General    Map   of   the   British


398  THE  MAPS  AND  MAP-MAKERS  OK  MARYLAND

Middle  Colonies,"  which  was  engraved  by  T.  Almon.  The  work,
because  of  Pownall's  position  and  his  previous  explorations,  became
an  authority  which  was  reproduced  or  acknowledged  as  a  basis  in
most  of  the  maps  published  in  Europe  to  illustrate  the  situation  of
the  contending  forces  during  the  Revolutionary  war.  In  this  capacity
it  appeared  with  corrections  in  "  The  American  Military  Pocket
Atlas"  published  by  R.  Sayer  and  J.  Bennett  in  1776;  in  enlarged
form  in  1786;  and  finally  somewhat  modified  in  the  various  editions
of  "  A  Kew  Universal  Atlas  "  by  Thomas  Kitchin.  (The  latest  of
these  issues  seen  was  dated  1799.)  The  different  editions  show  varia-
tions in  spelling,  in  the  towns  chosen  for  representation,  and  even  in
the  location  of  the  different  places.  For  instance,  all  of  the  sheets
seen  are  characterized  by  the  towns  of  Onions  and  Kingsberry  in  Bal-
timore county,  while  Cresaps  (variously  spelled)  is  located  not  far
from  the  mouth  of  the  south  branch  of  the  Potomac  instead  of  in  the
meadow  lands  of  Will's  mountain  as  at  present.
Although  credited  to  Pownall,  these  various  sheets  are  little  more
than  modified  editions  of  Evans,  who,  in  turn,  with  the  exceptions
noted,  followed  the  map  of  Fry  and  Jefferson,  who  were  probably
familiar  with  the  earlier  work  of  Mayo  and  the  Fairfax  Commission.
Griffith's  map,  1794.
