U " Repub.,** bk. ii. vol. ii. 879 ff. (Steph.) ; bk. x. vol ii, 595 ff. See



THE BELIEF IN GREECE. ^ 177

OTL this very point.* But, then, these men judged the

popular faith as severely as they judged Homer. What

Ixctd pleased his contemporaries offended the philosophers.
The first question to be discussed is this. Did the

Someric men beUeve that any part or element of man

(Continued to exist after death? They believed that the

BOial, yfrvxri, so soon as death loosened its bands,f

quitted the body by the mouth, J or a mortal wound, §

a.iid either, restless and unhappy while the body was

^txionoured with funeral rites, haunted the earth, || or,

when it had been so honoured, descended to live a

ghostly life in Hades. IT But what was the yjrvxol Its

Cleaning in Homer is peculiar, alike removed from the

simple etymological** and the later refined philosophical

*^ the familiar lines of Xenophanes, which declare that what both
Hoxxier and Hesiod relate of the gods would be a disgrace to men, ** Sext.
^pir. adv. Math.," i. 289 ; ix. 193.
* "Repub.," bk. iiL voL ii. 386 (Steph.). t " Iliad," viii. 123.
* lb., ix. 409. § lb., xiv. 618 ; xvi. 605.
n lb., xxiii. 65 ff. IT lb., xvi. 86 f. ; xxu. 862.
