The  Treaty  itself  is  a  remarkable  document.  The  long
est  ever  written,  it  represents  the  combined  product  of  over
two  thousand  experts  working  continually  through  a  series
of  commissions  for  three  and  a  half  months  from  January
1 8,  1919.  It  was  printed  in  parallel  pages  of  English  and
French,  recognized  as  of  equal  validity,  though  prior  thereto
the  French  was  understood  to  be  the  diplomatic  language
of  the  world.  It  did  not  deal  with  questions  affecting
Austria,  Bulgaria  and  Turkey,  except  in  so  far  as  to  bind
Germany  to  accept  any  agreement  reached  with  these  for
mer  allies  of  hers.  It  covered  a  vast  range  of  matters  to
which  Senator  Moses  called  attention  when,  on  the  floor  of
the  Senate,  he  expressed  himself  humorously  on  this  wise:

In  this  Treaty  are  considerations  of  many  things — of  shoes  and
ships  and  sealing  wax,  of  cabbages  and  kings.  It  roams  the  plains,
sails  the  seas,  delves  into  the  earth  and  soars  into  the  sky;  Huns,
horses  and  huntsmen  alike  come  within  their  purview;  books,  boun
daries  and  bullets;  guns,  goats,  guarantees  and  governments;  war
ships, 'water-ways,  woman  suffrage  and  Wilhelm  II — in  short,  the  al
phabet  and  alliteration  alike  are  agonized  in  an  attempt  to  deal  ade
quately  with  merely  a  topical  index  to  this  instrument  which  we  are
asked  to  ratify  in  haste  lest  we  break  the  heart  of  the  world.
Thomas  Jefferson,  eminent  in  the  early  history  of
the  country,  informed  President  Washington  that  it  was
advisable,  whenever  possible,  to  consult  the  Senate  concern
ing  a  proposed  treaty  before  beginning  the  negotiations.
