7 Job i. ; ii. 1. » Zach. iii. 1, 2.
VOL. II. C C



386 BBLIGIOUS DOCr&INBS OF THE JEWISH PSOPLB.
with any divinity of the neighbouring nations ; it is not said that
he who worships Baal or Moloch has in truth done homage to
Satan ; but of the other evil spirits or demons it is said they are
identical with the heathen gods. Accordingly^ in the Septuagint
the word ^' demons'' is used instead of the Elilim^ and the She-
dim, to whom the apostate Israelites sacrificed their sons and
daughters f instead of Grad, to whom they ofiered a banquet.'
The opinion of Josephus, who imagined the demons to be the
souls of deceased evil-doers, who disquiet the living as torment-
ing spirits, seems not to have been general amongst the Jews,
and to have been derived firom heathen sources.^



3. Creation — Man and his Fall — Gton's Requirements of
HIM — ^Penance — ^Dbath, and a Future State.
According to the Hebrew account, Gk)d b^an creation by
forming the heavens and the earth of one substance, embracing
both in common, — a chaotic and fluid primal element wrapped
up in darkness. Out of this originally formless mass, this chaos,
still incorporating the matter of all bodies, came the planetary
system, dry land and sea, in six degrees (days' works), through
the separation of the heaven and the eartL The whole creation
was completed by God making use of the lower stages of being,
already in existence, as the foundation of the higher.
