It is said of him that he was 'a wytch an evyll doer, as the fame tellyeth, for under his pile when he deyede, in an erber was found a boke of curyous craftee, the boke hight Juliui Frumeni, in that

boke beredde pryvely itf the under tydes, therefor unnethe the clerkea of his church, wold suffre Km be buryed under heurie, "without houly church.' Julius Frumens is supposed to, mean Julius Firmicus'ft Latin writer on as tronomy. So the poor'archbishop, for trying to improve his mind, was refused Christian burial. , The popular imagination flad peopled the woods,: the fields, and rivers-with a sometimes useful, sometimes mischie vous, but always merry crew of elfs, fairies, dtfarfe, nixies, brownies, un dines, Ac., which the lugubrious iinagin. ation of monks and churchmen, duly translormed into a demon rabble. All nature thus became the seat of sorcery and witchcrtft. J Then, on introduction of the plague and other epidemic dis eases by the Crusaders, the utter col lapse of the Crusaders, and the advan cing conquests of the Saracens and Turks, all society was thrown info a state of panic. From the l2th century downwards, came the hideous witch persecutions, the story of which forms one of the most revolting and disgrace ful chapters in the history of and the human mind.' These persecu tions struck at all classes of society— neither learning, rank; age, nor sex was spared; but their fall force fell bn the female sex. During the long period of time stretching from the 12th century to the 18 th, thousands of women, rich and poor, young and old—especially the latter—were submitted to the moftt frightful tortures that can be imagined, or described, and then burned alive. A large number of these were merely insane, and some were actually'put to death because, having picked up a little knowledge during a long and laborious life, they had applied it to alleviating, the ailments,, jpf their neighbours, ,ln these charges of witchcraft! nothing seems to have been too absurd—such as worshipping the devil, raising blighting crops, and Causing disease and death to man and beast., These charges were made mostly against cnzy old women. England has the honour of having been less infected with the witch mania than any other country. 