Advantair«ou8 to Where the expense of freight and insurance is considerable in pro-
portion to the cost of the goods at the place of manufacture, it is
obviously unprofitable to obtain a small saving in the original price
by accepting goods of an inferior quality. Thus, if ten per cent, be
saved in the cost of the goods with a presumable equal reduction in
quality, it may be found, when the freight and charges have been
paid, that the saving when calculated on the total outlay is only five
per cent., while the reduction in quality still remains ten per cent



Fluctuationa in
premium ratea.
buy hiffh-quality
gooda only.
Import dutiea. (2) Import duHes are imposed on machinery and engineering ma-
terial in almost all countries, either for the purpose of revenue, or for
Protective dutiea. protecting home manufactures, or for both these purposes. The

fallacious reasoning and the false economy by which protective im-
posts are excused, have long been understood and repudiated in
England; but such taxes are still maintained in many foreign
countries, chiefly through the influence of the few who benefit by
them, the majority of the people not understanding how the taxes
which are apparently paid by foreigners are borne (with the addition
of many expenses) really by the country which imports. The fact
that the evil effects of such protective dues on the importing country
are, directly and indirectly, largely in excess of the apparent gain, is
gradually being understood by the more intelligent in such countries,



Evil effect of
protection.
Aho pag€ 2f Part I.
Part II.]



Purchase for Export.
