2.  Opposition  to  monarchizing  its  fea
tures  by  the  forms  of  its  administration,
with  a  view  to  conciliate  a  transition,  first,
to  a  president  and    senate  for  life;   and,
secondly,  to  an  hereditary  tenure  of  those
offices,  and  thus  to  worm*  out  the  elective
principle.
3.  Preservation  to  the  states  of  the  pow
ers  not  yielded  by  them  to  the  Union,  and
to  the  legislature  of  the  Union  its  constitu
tional  share  in  division  of  powers;  and  re
sistance,  therefore,  to  existing  movements
for  transferring  all  the  powers  of  the  states


22


AMERICAN    POLITICS.
to  the  general  government,  and  all  of  those
of  that  government  to  the  executive
branch.
,  4.  A  rigorously  frugal  administration  of
the  government,  and  the  application  ox>  all
the  possible  savings  of  the  public  revenue
to  the  liquidation  of  the  public  debt ;  and
resistance,  therefore,  to  all  measures  look
ing  to  a  multiplication  of  officers  and  sala
ries,  merely  to  create  partisans  and  to  aug-
'  ment  the  public  debt,  on  the  principle  of
its  being  a  public  blessing.
5.  Eeliance  for  internal  defense  solely
upon  the  militia,  till  actual  invasion,  and
ior  such  a  naval  force  only  as  may  be  suf
ficient  to  protect  our   coasts  and  harbors
from  depredations ;  and  opposition,  there-
lore,  to  the  policy  of  a  standing  army  in
time  of  peace  which  may  overawe  the  pub
lic  sentiment,  and  to  a  navy,  which,  by  its
own  expenses,  and  the  wars  in  which  it
will  implicate  us,  will  grind  us  with  pub
lic  burdens  and  sink  us  under  them.
6.  Free  commerce  with  all  nations,  po
litical  connection  with  none,  and  little  or
no  diplomatic  establishment.
