ELECTROMETALLURGY  OF  IRON  AND  STEEL.          439

There  is  no  essential  reason  why  they  should  escape  very  hot
from  the  furnace,  if  properly  run  and  conducted,  so  we  will
assume  a  maximum  temperature  of  500°  C.  The  gases  would
consist  of  0,958  +  2,651-648  =  4,061  pounds  of  CO  and  648  +
370  =  1,018  pounds  of  CO2,  from  the  oxidation  of  fixed  carbon
in  the  furnace;  plus  1,280  of  CO2  from  the  limestone,  and  666
pounds  CO2,  254  pounds  CO,  97  pounds  CH4  and  60  pounds
of  H2  from  the  volatile  matter  of  the  charcoal.  To  these  must
be  added  1,290  pounds  of  water  vapor.  The  heat  is  therefore

CO  4,315  Ibs.  =  54,800  ft3 X  0.304=  16,650  oz.  Cal.
CO2  2,964  Ibs.  =  23,9hu  lt°X0.480  =  11,500
CH4  97  Ibs.  =    2, 150  ft3  X  0.490=    1,050       "

H2  60  Ibs.  =  10,700  ft3 X  0.304=   3,250       "

H2O  1,290  Ibs.  =  25,500  ft3 X 0.415=  10,550       "


Sum  =117,100  ft3  43,000  per  1°

=  21,500,000       "         per  500
=    1,343,750  Ib.-Cal.
The  other  items  of  the  heat  balance  sheet  are  almost  self-
explanatory,  and  the  complete  balance  is  as  follows:

Heat  Available.
Pound-Col.
Energy  of  the  electric  current  =  17,704,000

Oxidation  of  C  to  CO  =  4,830,800

Oxidation  of  CO  to  CO2  =  1,574,600

Combination  of  C  with  Fe3  224x705  157,900

Combination  of  Ca  with  S  220X2,947  =  .648,300
Formation  of  silico-aluminate  slag

(SiO2  +  APO3)  1609X150  =  241,400

Total  =  25,157,000
Heat  Distribution.
