not a doubt in the spectator's mind but that the present channel was once filled up
with solid rock. This is a conclusion we cannot escape from however difficult it may
be to understand the removal of so many thousand cubic feet of solid rock by the
"agency of water."

In all the river beds too we see that there are accumulations of gravel and bould-
er stones, all perfectly rounded, and consequently all of them such as have been subject
" to the action of water. These collections, it appears from the details I have given,
" are in many cases of very great extent, and frequently occur at a height of even 300 feet
*' above the present bed of the river. That these collections should ever have been
" formed by such bodies of water as are found at present in their vicinity, is altogether
" inadmissible. Their extent, the size of the fragments, the distance from which they
" are derived, above all their great depth, and the height at which they are found above
"the present bed of the river — all forbid so incredible a supposition."

Captain Hodgson described how the Ganges was at one time obstructed by the
fall of a cliff.* " Five hundred yards further on," he wrote, '' are the falls of Lohari Naig
" where the river is more obstructed than in any part of its course, and tears its way
" over enormous masses of rock, which have fallen into it from the mural precipice which
** bounds its left shore. This frightful granite cliff of solid rock, of above 800 feet high,
'* appears to have been undermined at its foot by the stream, and the lower and middle
" parts have fallen into it, while the summit overhangs the base and the river. The
" vast ruins of this fall extend for about a quarter of a mile ; the river has now forced its
" way through, and partly over the rocks with a noise and impetuosity, we thought
" could not be surpassed, but on our return in June when the Ganges was doubled in
"depth, the scene was still grander."

The Ramganga.
