The  inhabitants  of  Lanuvium,  Aricia,  Nomentum,  Pedum,
and  Privemum,^"  received  the  freedom  of  the  city  with  the  right
of  voting.^^  But  several  cities  of  the  Heruici  preferred  their
own  laws.^^  In  process  of  time,  this  right  was  granted  to  all
the  allies  of  the  Latin  name ;  and  after  the  Social  or  Italian
war,  it  was  communicated  to  all  the  Italians  south  of  the  river
Rubicon  on  the  upper  sea,  and  of  the  city  Luca  on  the  lower
sea.  Afterwards  the  same  right  was  granted  to  Cisalpine  Gaul,
which  hence  began  to  be  called  Grallia  Tog^ata.  Augustus  was
very  sparing  in  conferring  the  freedom  of  the  city ;  but  the  suc-
ceeding emperors  were  more  liberal,  and  at  different  times
granted  it  to  different  cities  and  nations.     At  last  Caracalla

/£/r.  /.  SL  xxxr,  5U    S  nania  t.  manera  ct-    5  Cie.Le(g.V\.%%  0  Ltr.  r!U.  14. 17.
»  iE'  ^*"*»  "^  so.  Lir.      pcre  poterant.  6  hui  c&v\U.\At.  \^  '?\Y«a\a.\e%.
mwf^-^'  4  Cic.   Brut.  79.  Leg*.    7  Jtt«  «ttfft»5".  W  \*V..V'Ki.\v.%.
RIGHTS  OF  CXTUUDII.  39

mDted  the  freedom  of  Roman  citizens  to  all  ttie  inhabitants  of
Oie  Roman  world.
Those  who  did  not  enjoy  the  right  of  citizens  were  anciently
GsUed  HOSTESy  and  afterwards  fbrbgbini.^  After  Rome  had
extended  her  empire^  first  orer  Latium,  then  oyer  Italy,  and
lastly  o?er  great  part  of  the  world^  the  rights  which  the  subjects
of  tnat  empire  enjoyed  came  to  be  divided  into  four  kinds;
which  may  he  csJXedjus  Quiritium,  Jus  Latii,  Jus  Ttalicum,  Jus
pravinciarum  rel  provinciale.
