ment  has  been  applied  (Whitney's  "  Life  and  Growth  of  Lan-
guage," p.  62)  in  the  following  scheme  to  represent  the  alpha-
betic sounds  of  the  English  language  :  —


Sonant.
[  ng


Surd.
h

Sonant.
zh

Surd.
sh

Sonant.
Surd.
Sonant.
g

Surd.
k

Palatal

Series.
r        1
n

z

s

dh
th

d


Lingual

Series.
Vowels.
Semivowels.
Nasals.
Aspiration.
Sibilants.
^  1

>  Spirants.
Mutes.
o

o
\^
in
O

>


Labial

Series.
As  it  is  very  important  to  observe  the  exact  sound  repre-
sented by  each  character  in  this  alphabetic  scheme,  illustrative
words  are  here  given.  Beginning  with  a,  and  going  down-
ward at  the  left,  we  have  a  as  in  far ;  ce,  pan ;  e,  fate,  they ;
i,  mete,  pique;  y,  yet;  ng,  ring ;  zh,  azure;  sh,  shall;  g,  get;
h,  Iceel :  going  downward  centrally,  we  have  a  as  in  far;
d  (inverted  e),  hut;  r,  ran;  I,  land;  n,  no;  z,  zeal;  s,  so;
dh,  then ;  th,  thin ;  d,  do ;  t,  tan  :  going  downward  at  the
right,  we  have  a  as  in  far ;  A,  war;  o,note;  u,  tool,  rule;
w,  wall;  m,  may ;  v,  vain;  f  fame;  h,  ban;  p,  pan.  H  is
sounded  as  in  hale.
Let  us  first  compare  Ic,  t,  p  with  g,  d,  h,  their  corresponding


ALPHABETIC   SOUNDS.
