have  been  found  contracted,  with  the  mucous  membrane
thickened  and  corrugated;  but  when  death  has  occurred
later  the  coats  of  the  bowels  are  attenuated  with  lardaceous
degeneration  of  the  glandular  structure.  Similar  degenera-
tion has  been  found  in  the  liver  and  spleen.  Ewart  and
Fayrer  say  the  liver  and  kidneys  are  often  found  in  a  state  of
chronic  inflammation.
TreatiYient, — The  treatment  of  the  diarrhoeas  described
under  the  terms  irritative,  anaemic,  from  defective  hygiene,
nervous,  and  hUioaa  may  be  surmised  from  the  names.  If
diarrhoea  is  due  to  irritating  contents  of  the  intestines,
aperients  will  be  necessary.  A  dose  of  castor  oil  and  opium
will  often  suflSce.  Anaemic  diarrhoea  is  only  to  be  benefited
by  measures  to  combat  the  cause  of  ihe  ansemia.  A  similar
remark  applies  to  diarrhoea  from  defective  hygiene.  In
nervous  diarrhoea  the  irritability  may  sometimes  be  allayed
by  the  bromides,  and  nervine  tonics,  such  as  nux  vomica  or
oxide  of  zinc,  are  often  efficacious.  Opium  or  chloral  may
be  used  cautiously.  But  usually  the  habits  and  manners  of
life  of  the  person  suflfering  from  nervous  diarrhoea  must  be
changed.
In  the  treatment  of  the  diarrhoea  described  as  bUioaa^
if  the  stools  are  very  dark  and  offensive,  and  the  tongue  foul,
and  if  there  is  no  cholera  about,  blue  pill  with  ipecac  and
hyoscyamus  may  be  given.  Afterwards  Dover's  powder  com-
bined with  quinine  is  recommended.  But  astringents  and
opium  should  not  be  used  too  early  in  this  form  of  diarrh<pa.
Great  attention  should  be  paid  to  diet,  discarding  all  solid
food,  and  the  recumbent  posture,  warmth  to  the  bowels,  and
avoidance  of  motion  should  be  insisted  upon.
