MANNER  OF  DE  VELOPMENT.  47

nutely  described  a  vast  number  of  inusciilar  variations  in
man,  which  resemble  normal  structures  in  the  lower  ani-
mals. The  muscles  which  closely  resemble  those  regularly
present  in  our  nearest  allies,  the  Quadrumana,  are  too
numerous  to  be  here  even  specified.  In  a  single  male  sub-
ject, having  a  strong  bodily  frame,  and  well-formed  skull,
no  less  than  seven  muscular  variations  were  observed,  all  of
Avhich  plainly  represented  muscles  proper  to  various  kinds
of  apes.  This  man,  for  instance,  had  on  both  sides  of  his
neck  a  true  and  powerful  ''  levator  daviculcB,"  such  as  is
found  in  all  kinds  of  apes,  and  which  is  said  to  occur  in
about  one  out  of  sixty  human  subjects.*  Again,  this  man
had  '^a.  special  abductor  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  fifth
digit,  such  as  Prof.  Huxley  and  Mr.  Flower  have  shown  to
exist  uniformly  in  the  higher  and  lower  apes.'^  I  will  give
only  two  additional  cases;  the  acromio-basilar  muscle  is
found  in  all  mammals  below  man,  and  seems  to  be  correl-
ated with  a  quadrupedal  gait,  f  and  it  occurs  in  about  one
out  of  sixty  human  subjects.  In  the  lower  extremities  Mr.
