The theory of hylozoism, which I have presented
in this chapter, is very old, and has had many illus-
trious champions. When alchemy was developed
into chemistry a great impetus was given to it. The
discovery by Darwin and the masterly advocacy of
evolution by Spencer, through which the doctrine of
the survival of the fittest was established, for a time
gave a decided check to the theory. The blow
struck by Spencer was especially efficient, for Spencer
resolved all of the properties into force with a clear-
ness which left no room to doubt his meaning.
A host of scientific men following Darwin and
accepting the doctrine of the survival of the fittest
have found it to be inadequate as a single theor}^ of
evolution. There are other laws, especially one
expounded by Lamarck. I myself have set forth a
new doctrine of evolution as that of culture, and in a
subsequent chapter of this work I shall set forth the
doctrine of evolution in which I shall attempt to
prove that the fundamental law of evolution is the



90 nuTH Ain> erkimi

law of affinitf hy whicli bodies are incorpoiated,
and hence that evolution is primarily telic.
