The Sixons had alfo their cafUes, vrbich they calkd
Cefter and Cafier, and yet the Scots call Loocaftell, and
Doncaflell, thofe places whkh we call Laocafter nod Doiw
cafter. The places of ftrength alfo, which they called
Feaftnes» and Butgh, were nothing els but caftles.
William the Conqueror after his arrivall^ to affore him-

felf and bridle the Engliih, built divers caftles. But ia-

tbe turbaknt time of king Stephen caftles were every

Ub. 1. where reared by the adverfe £a6tions; and as Newbrigenfis

op. »*. faith, Erant in AngUa quodamodo M Reges vel p^ius Ty*

rtmniy quot domini Cqfidlorum, which would have their

niints^ and prefcribe laws to their neighbours t and, as

Matthew Paris in Mioori Hifioria calleth them, were the-

very neftes of devilks, and dennes of thiefes. Infomuch

that after the agreement made between Stephen, and H.
the 2^. 1115. caftles in England were raced, which

^iloger Wendover calleth Caftra Adulterina, and it was not

lawful! afterward to build caftle-lyke, unlefs fpecial licence

were obteined of the king, which they called Licentia Fir*

mandi 8c Kerneliandi.
1^9 LXI.
Of the Antiquity, Etymology, and Privilege

of Towns.
By Joseph Holland.
2,2. June 1599.
AS the defire of defence againft injuries of the aire was
the firll motive of building cottages and houies, lb ,
the naturall deCre of mutuall focietye was the occafion ©£7
joining houfes together, and confeqiiently of villagps,.
