The next almost indispensable article of general appa-



APPARATUS. 193

ratns is a globe. Without a globe a teacher can not
succeed in explaining to the comprehension of children
the peculiaiities of the earth . upon which they live, or
the ordinary phenomena resulting from the earth^s shape
and motions. With its aid he can accomplish all this,
and can also clearly illustrate and define such geographical
terms as children very seWom understand, and can correct
errors which almost inevitably result from the exclusive
use of maps. A comparatively small and cheap globe,
with the full outline of the natural divisions of the
earth, is aU that is required.
APPARATUS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
The great truths in education, that facts must precede
principles, and that the object of primary instruction
should be mainly to awaken the attention, and develop
powers of close and accurate observation in regard to
everything that comes under the immediate cognizance
of the senses, are beginning to be fully recognized by
modem educators, and taken as the basis of ail theories
concerning the instruction of the young. The old system
of commencing the process of instruction by forcing chil-
dren to learn mere abstractions, is well-nigh exploded. It
is now considered by all who have bestowed much atten-
tion upon this subject, that it is much more important
that a child should be able to observe and notice all that
he sees, hears, or feels, than that he should be able to
repeat by rote aU the text-books used in school In
cultivating the powers of perception and observation, it
is much more effectual to speak to the eye than to the

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