During  the  twenty  years,  the  representatives  serving  in  the
House  exceeded  fifteen  hundred  in  number.  As  an  illustration  of
the  rapidity  of  change  in  elective  officers  where  suffrage  is  absolutely
free,  each  succeeding  House  in  the  ten  Congresses,  with  a  single
exception,  contained  a  majority  of  new  members.  Only  one  repre
sentative  in  all  this  number  served  continuously  from  1861  to
1881,  —  the  Honorable  William  D.  Kelley,  eminent  in  his  advocacy
of  the  Protective  system,  steadily  growing  throughout  the  entire
period  in  the  respect  of  his  associates  and  in  the  confidence  of  the-/
constituency  that  has  so  frequently  honored  him.  In  the  Senate
the  ratio  of  change,  owing  to  the  longer  term  of  office,  has  been  less ;
but,  even  in  that  more  conservative  body,  rotation  in  membership
has  been  rapid.  In  the  twenty  years  nearly  two  hundred  and  fifty
senators  occupied  seats  in  the  chamber.  Of  the  whole  number,
Henry  B.  Anthony  of  Rhode  Island,  warmly  remembered  by  both
political  parties,  was  the  only  senator  whose  service  was  unbroken
from  the  opening  to  the  close  of  the  period.  Two  others  were  in
Congress  for  the  whole  time,  but  not  continuously  in  either  House.
Justin  S.  Morrill  served  six  years  in  the  House  and  fourteen  in  the
Senate  ;  Henry  L.  Dawes  served  fourteen  years  in  the  House  and  six
in  the  Senate.  For  the  entire  period  both  were  consistent  upholders


676  TWENTY  YEARS  OF   CONGRESS.
of  Republican  ideas  and  Republican  policies.  —  James  A.  Garfield
who  was  a  member  of  the  House  for  eighteen  of  the  twenty  years
was,  in  November,  1880,  by  a  singular  concurrence  of  circumstances
placed  in  an  official  position  altogether  without  precedent.  lie  was
at  the  same  time  Representative  in  Congress,  Senator-elect  from  the
State  of  Ohio,  President-elect  of  the  United  States.
