we  find  in  it  a  considerable  number  of  the  personifications
of  Hinduism,  and  even  detect  at  times  in  it  a  sort  of
return  to  the  Hindu  divinities.  But  it  would  be  difficult
to  eliminate  from  all  this  what  is  due  to  Mussulman  influ-
ence. Practically,  it  is  true,  the  Sikhs  came  in  the  end  to
worship  a  personal  God,  and  their  religion  may  be  defined
a  deism  more  or  less  tinctured  with  superstition.  But  that
was  a  modification  which  it  must  necessarily  undergo,  pan-
theism, which  may  indeed  become  the  faith  of  a  limited
circle  of  mystics,  being  inconceivable  as  th  e  positive  belief
of  a  large  community.  On  the  other  hand,  there  is  no  ques-
tion that  contact  with  the  Mussulmans,  which  has  nowhere
been  more  intimate  than  in  these  border  countries,  has
had  a  powerful  effect  upon  the  minds  and  manners  of  the
Sikhs.  It  is  from  the  followers  of  the  Prophet  that  they
have  especially  borrowed  their  military  fanaticism  and
the  dogma  of  the  holy  war,  a  notion  which  is  in  no  respect
a  Hindu  one,  but  which  under  the  same  influence  has  de-
veloped in  like  manner  among  other  populations  of  India ;
for  instance,  among  the  Marhattas  and  certain  Rajput
tribes.  The  Adi-Granth,  "  the  fundamental  book,"  was
compiled  by  the  fifth  successor  of  Nanak,  Guru  Arjun
( 1 584-1606).  He  collected  in  it  the  poetical  pieces  left
by  the  founder  and  the  three  gitrus  who  came  after  him,
and  he  added  to  these  his  own  compositions,  as  well  as  a
great  number  of  sentences  and  fragments  by  Ramananda,
Kabir,  the  Marhatta  poet  Namdev,  and  other  sacred  per-
sonages. Some  more  additions  were  made  to  it  by  Govind
( 1 675-1 708),  the  tenth  and  last  gum,  who  composed
besides  a  second  Granth,  entitled  "  The  Granth  of  the
Tenth  Reign."  These  two  books,  both  voluminous,  are
drawn  up  in  an  antiquated  form  of  Punjabi,  called  Gu?'-
mtiJcJd,  "  that  which  comes  from  the  mouth  of  the  git7m."
•These,  along  with  biographies  of  the  gurus  ^  and  the  saints,

^  These  biographies  have  been  in     ning  of  his  translation  of  the  Adi-
part  translated  by  E.  Trumpp  in  his     Granth.
