Taking  the  average  of  the  periods  as  before,  the  results  are  for  Experimental
Period  1,  Works  Rate  186,  far  Experimental  Period  2,  215,  and  for  Experimental
Period  3,  241.  The  Actual  Rates  are  for  Experimental  Period  1,  224,  for  Experi-
mental Period  2,  247,  and  for  Experimental  Period  3,  282.
As  might  have  been  expected,  the  Works  Rate  has  gone  up  with  each  shortening
o!'  the  working  day.     The  ultimate  result  as  regards  total  output  will  depend  upon
the  ratio  which  this  increase  bears  to  the  reduction  in  hours  which  has  been  effected.
Some  of  the  conclusions  reached  are  as  follows  :—

Works  Time  is  constant  over  limited  periods.  It  is  altered  occasionally
by  the  introduction,  or  the  suspension,  of  periods  of  overtime.  It  is  always
greater  than  Nominal  Time  or  Actual  Time.  It  has  varied  during  the  period
covered  by  the  experiment  between  eight  hours  and  twelve  hours  per  day.
Nominal  Time  is  less  than  Works  Time,  though  greater  than  Actual  Time.
Its  proportion  to  these  two  values  varies  in  accordance  with  the  length  of
Works  Time.  It  may  vary  owing  to  absences  resulting  from  fluctuations  in  the
health  or  energy  of  the  worker,  from  accident,  or  from  other  cause.  It  may
differ  considerably  from  Works  Time  in  consequence  of  the  deliberate  action
of  individual  workers.
Actual  Time  is  less  than  Works  Time  or  Nominal  Time.  The  losses
constituting  the  difference  between  Nominal  Time  and  Actual  Time  are  small
in  themselves,  but  the  aggregate  is  large.  The  relation  of  Actual  Time
to  Works  Time  and  Nominal  Time  has  varied  in  sympathy  with  altera-
tions in  Works  Time.  Labour  performed  towards  the  end  of  the  day  is
especially  effective  in  diminishing  Actual  Time,  owing  to  the  great  amount  of
fatigue  produced.
