California.  — Constitution,  Art.  XL,  on
Cities,  Counties,  and  Towns,  contains  pro-
visions as  to  their  incorporation,  organiza-
tion, and  government.  The  entire  subject
of  the  creation  and  government  of  cities  is
provided  for  in  Part  IV.  title  iii.  of  the
Political  Code.  It  does  not  apply  to  cities
existing  at  the  time  of  its  adoption.  Ex
parte  Simpson,  47  Cal.  127;  People  v.
Clunie,  70  Cal.  504.  If  the  course  pur-
sued in  establishing  a  municipality  is
substantially  such  as  is  pointed  out  in  the
act,  courts  will  not  disturb  it,  the  pro-
priety of  establishing  a  municipality,  and
of  including  particular  territory  within  its
boundaries,  being  a  political  question  for
the  legislature  to  determine.  People  v.
City  of  Riverside,  70  Cal.  461.
Illinois.  —  The  General  Assembly  has
the  power  to  delegate  legislative  authority
incident  to  municipal  government  to  cities  ;
but  this  can  only  be  done  by  general  law,
under  the  Constitution  of  1870.  When,
however,  it  is  done  by  such  law,  the  con-
stitutional mandate  is  fully  complied  with,
and  the  ordinances  to  be  adopted  by  dif-
ferent municipalities,  under  the  power  so
conferred,  may  be  as  variant  in  their  terms
as  the  varying  municipal  necessities  or
sense  of  public  policy  in  those  who  exer-
cise the  legislative  authority  may  require.
Covington  v.  East  St.  Louis,  78  111.  548
(1875).
Iowa.  —  The  Ohio  act  is,  in  substance,
adopted  in  Iowa.  Revision  1860,  chap.  li.
But  it  does  not  apply  to  cities  having  spe-
cial charters,  unless  adopted  by  them.
Burke  v.  Jeffries,  20  Iowa,  145.
Kansas. — The  act  of  Kansas  (Comp.
