The  type  that  has  been  characteristic  of  each  breed  has  arisen  from  a
variety  of  causes.  In  all  instances  the  breeders7  skill  in  selecting  and  mating
has  been  a  controlling  factor,  while  other  influences  have  more  or  less  as-
sisted. In  some  instances,  che  function  of  the  animal  or  the  work  it  ;s  called
upon  to  do  has  had  a  strong  influence.  This  is  evident  in  the  instance  of  the
running  horse,  the  trotting  horse  and  the  dairy  cow;  where  the  form  or  the
type  has  developed  from  the  function.  In  other  instances  the  environment
has  aided  man  in  his  work  of  selection,  and  this  is  notably  true  of  sheep.
The  adaptability  of  sheep  for  different  altitudes  of  land  enables  us  to  divide
them  into  lowland  breeds,  upland  or  down  breeds,  and  mountain  breeds,  and
it  is  connected  with  the   subject   of  breed  type  for  the  environment  of  such


538

lands  develop  the  type  that  does  the  best  upon  them.  The  lowland  breed?
are  large,  square  and  strong  framed,  and  heavy  producers  of  wool  and  mut-
ton; the  down  breeds  are  smaller,  but  rounder  and  more  compact  with  fleece^
frame  and  mutton  of  better  quality.  The  mountain  breeds  must  have  more
vigor  and  agility  than  those  previously  mentioned,  to  earn  subsistence  under
rougher  conditions,  so  that  the  possession  of  a  rugged  constitution,  active
disposition  with  strong  limbs  and  muscles  are  of  more  importance  than  the
other  features  that  are  characteristic  of  other  types.  Man  seeks  to  fix  the
type  that  he  has  found  characteristic  of  the  breeds  by  elaborating  scales,  of

Somts  representing  the  features  of  the  types  desired,  and  towards  the  pro-
uetion  of  these  ideals  types   all  breeders  bend  their  energies.
