Industrial  Relations  365

The  transition  from  the  first  stage  to  the  second  was  a
gain — a  real  moral  gain — because  he  passed  to  the  guid-
ance of  a  larger  experience,  that  of  his  parents.  The
change  from  the  "  must  "  of  the  second  period  to  the
selected  practice  of  the  third  was  a  long  step,  because  it
marks  the  beginning  of  self-judgment  in  conduct  as
against  a  blind  following  of  a  borrowed  judgment.  In
doing  as  he  finds  others  do,  not  as  is  prescribed,  he  makes
many  blunders.  Fine  manners  sometimes  rest  with  the
incompetent  or  the  vicious.  The  companionship  of  those
whose  ideals  he  adopts  does  not  always  bring  him  either
respect  or  recognition.  He  sees  no  personal  advantage  in
such  behavior.  He  begins  to  pass  judgment  upon  his
companions,  as  once  he  did,  and  perhaps  continues  to
do,  upon  those  in  authority — his  father  and  mother  and
teacher.  Shrewdly,  he  concludes  that  he  must  keep  his
own  counsel,  and  do  what  pays,  i.e.,  what  pays  accord-
ing to  his  standard  of  worth.
