Evidence  for  the  dates  is  not  conclusive,^  but  there  is  some  prob-
ability that  the  pools  were  constructed  by  John  Hyrcanus  I,  135-
105  B.  c,  who  made  the  High  Level  Aqueduct,  and  that  the  Low
Level  Aqueduct  was  constructed  by  Herod  the  Great.  This  is
much  longer  than  the  High  Level  Aqueduct,  as  it  makes  a  detour
toward  Gebel  Fureidis,  where  Herod  constructed  a  palace,  to
which  he  conveyed  water.  This  Low  Level  Aqueduct  is  probably
the  one  afterward  repaired  by  Pontius  Pilate.^

1  For  the  conflicting  evidence  and  theories,  see  G.  A.  Smith,  JerusaUmt  I,  124-131.
*  Joeephus,  Antiquities,  XVIII,  iii,  2.
CHAPTER  VII
ROADS  AND  AGRICULTURE

Roads:  Early  paths.  Roman  roads.  Agriculture:  Granaries.  Hoes  and  plows.
Sickles.  Threshing.  Winnowing.  Grinding.  Mortars.  Fruits.  Vineyards  and
wine-vats.  Olive-presses.  The  agricultural  calendar.  Domestic  animals.  Bees.
Birds.    Hens.
1.  Roads. — From  the  time  cities  were  established  in  Palestine
there  was  more  or  less  communication  between  them.  Probably
in  a  small  way  commerce  was  carried  on  among  some  of  them,
but  no  effort  was  made  to  construct  roads,  in  the  modem  sense  of
the  term,  until  the  Roman  period.
