If  the  true  end  of  conduct  be  found  to  be  a  common  good,
we  are  at  once  delivered  from  every  egoistic  theory,  such
for  example  as  the  egoistic  Hedonism  of  Hobbes.  Every
such  doctrine  is  seen  at  once  to  be  essentially  immoral.
OUTLINE  OF  ETHICAL  THEORY


PART  II


So,  also,  when  the  End  is  found  to  be  self-realisation  in
activity  the  insufficiency  of  every  Hedonistic  theory,  whether
egoistic  or  universalistic,  becomes  apparent.  Again,  when
it  is  recognised  that  the  end  is  truly  common,  not  merely
an  end  for  the  whole  social  system,  but  an  end  for  every
person  individually,  it  becomes  evident  that  any  theory
fails  which  ascribes  the  moral  development  of  mankind  to
the  play  of  purely  natural  forces,  and  so  makes  the  indi
vidual  a  mere  element  in  a  complex  organisation  to  which
as  a  whole,  and  not  as  well  to  each  individual  separately,
the  end  is  relative.  It  is  not  the  least  advantage  of  truth
that  it  is  perhaps  the  best  means  of  getting  rid  of  falsehood.
