A  New  Kind  of  Colony.  The  Maryland  charter  created  a
new  kind  of  colony.  By  this  charter  the  king  granted  his  own
right  to  govern  to  Lord  Baltimore,  who  was  to  be  known  as
the  proprietor  or  "owner  of  the  colony.  As  a  token  of  his  al-
legiance, Lord  Baltimore  was  to  send  the  king  yearly  two
Indian  arrow  heads,  together  with  one  fifth  of  all  the  gold  and
silver  that  was  mined.  As  proprietor  of  the  colony,  Lord  Balti-
more had  almost  absolute  control.  He  could  declare  war,  make
peace,  appoint  officials,  pardon  criminals,  and  confer  titles;
and  none  of  these  acts  had  to  be  confirmed  by  the  king.  But
Baltimore  had  to  call  the  colonists  to  his  aid  in  making  the
laws,  and  he  could  not  tax  them  without  their  consent.
70


COLONIZATION    OF   THE    NEW   WORLD


The  Founding  of  Maryland,  1633.  Lord  Baltimore  himself
never  saw  the  shores  of  Maryland,  yet  he  proved  an  energetic
and  successful  proprietor.  The  first  expedition  of  two  hundred
colonists  sailed  for  Maryland  under  the  command  of  Leonard
Calvert,  Lord  Baltimore's  brother,  who  was  to  act  as  governor.
The  place  chosen  for  the  settlement  was  on  a  small  river  named
the  St.  George,  in  honor  of  the  patron  saint  of  England ;  their

first  town  was   called   St.
Mary's.
