CHAP,     of  the  older  non-Aryan  races,  and  the  successive  waves

■ • — -"   of  Aryan  settlement,  are  all  immemorial  facts  which  we

must  accept  as  the  groundwork  of  our  history  and  our

geography.     They  must  be   distinguished  from  other

movements  which  are  strictly  matters  of  written  history.
Movements  both  movemcuts  among  the  Aryan  nations  themselves

amoriij:  the  ,  ^

Aryan         aud  later  intrusions  of  non-Aryan  nations.     Thus  the

races.  "^

Greek  colonies  and  the  conquests  of  the  Hellenized
Macedonians  Hellenized  large  districts  of  Europe,
Asia,  and  Africa,  partly  by  displacement,  partly  by
assimilation.  The  conquests  of  Eome,  and  the  Teutonic
settlements  within  the  Eoman  Empire,  brought  about
but  little  in  the  way  of  displacement,  but  a  great  deal
in  the  way  of  assimilation.  The  process  indeed  was
opposite  in  the  two  cases.  Tlie  Eoman  conqueror
assimilated  the  conquered  to  himself;  the  Teutonic
conqueror  was  himself  assimilated  by  those  whom
he  conquered.  Britain  and  the  Ehenish  and  Danubian
lands  stand  out  as  marked  exceptions.  The  Slavonic
settlements  in  the  East  wrought  far  more  of  displace-
ment than  the  Teutonic  settlements  iu  the  West.  Vast
regions,  once  Illyrian  or  Thracian — that, is,  most  likely,
more  or  less  nearly  akin  to  the  .Greeks — are  now
Later  intra-  wliolly  Slavouic.     Lastly  come  the  incursions  on  Euro-

sion    of  -^

Non-Aryan  pean  lauds  made  by  non- Aryan  settlers  in  historic  times.
