claims  an  interest  in  the  controversy  adverse  to  the  plaintiff,
or  who  is  a  necessary  party  defendant,  for  the  complete  deter-
mination or  settlement  of  a  question  involved  therein,  except  as
otherwise  expressly  prescribed  in  this  act."

§  448.^    "Of  the  parties  to  the  action,  those  who  are  united


Code  Civ.  Proc,  1915,  §  379;  Con-
necticut, Gen,  Stat.,  1918,  §  5641;
Idaho,  Comp.  Stat.,  1919,  §  6646;
Indiana,  Burn's  Ann.  Stat.,  1914,
§  269;  Iowa,  Comp.  Code,  1919,
§  7087;  Kansas,  Gen.  Stat.,  1915,
§  6925;  Kentucky,  Eev.  Code,  1900,
§  23;  Minnesota,  apparently  no
corresponding  section;  Missouri,
E.  S.  1919,  §  1158;  Montana,  Eev.
Code,  1907,  §  6488;  Nebraska,  Ann.
Stat.,  1911,  §  1037;  Nevada,  Eev.
