5.  V.  pedata,  L.  Smoothish;  leaves  all  7 - 9-parted,  the  divisions  linear-
lanceolate,  entire  or  toothed,  narrowed  downward ;  petals  beardless.  —  Dry
sandy  soil  in  the  middle  and  upper  districts,  and  northward.  —  Flowers  large,
deep  blue  or  purple.
*   *  Flowers  white.
6.  V.  primulsefolia,  L.  Smooth  or  hairy ;  leaves  oblong,  mostly  acute,
crenate,  cordate  or  abruptly  decurrent  on  the  winged  petiole  ;  petals  often  acute,
the  lower  ones  bearded  and  striped  with  purple.  —  Low  grounds,  common.  —
Rhizoma  slender,  and  commonly  bearing  long  leafy  runners.     Flowers  small.
7.  V.  lanceolata,  L.  Smooth  or  pubescent ;  leaves  lanceolate  or  linear,
narrowed  into  the  long  and  winged  petioles  ;  flowers  beardless.  —  Low  pine  bar-
rens.    Florida  and  northward.  — Rhizoma  like  the  last.
8.  V.  blanda,  Willd.  Minutely  pubescent;  rhizoma  slender;  leaves  small,
orbicular-cordate,  crenate,  shorter  than  the  peduncles  ;  flowers  small,  beardless,
sweet-scented,  the  lower  petal  striped  with  purple.  —  Low  ground  and  meadows,
North  Carolina  and  northward.  —  Petioles  slender,  wingless.  Leaves  rarely
acute.
34  VI0LACEJ2.       (VIOLET   FAMILY.)

*   *   *  Flowers  yellow.
9.  V.  rotundifolia,  Michx.  Nearly  smooth  ;  leaves  broadly  cordate,
longer  than  the  short  petioles  ;  lateral  petals  bearded  —  .Mountains  of  North
Carolina  and  northward.  —  Rhizoraa  slender,  bearing  runners.  Leaves  flat-  on
the  ground.     Petals  striped  a\  ith  purple.
§  2.  Leaves  andjiowers  borne  on  manifest  stems :  perennials.
*    Stems  leafy  throughout.
10.  V.  Muhlenbergii,  Torr.  Primary  stems  erect,  the  later  ones  pros-
trate ;  leaves  broadly  cordate  or  reniform,  crenate  and  roughened  with  minute
elevated  points,  the  uppermost  acute;  stipules  fringed  ;  spur  obtuse,  half  as  long
as  the  pale  purple  petals;  lateral  petals  bearded.  —  Damp  shades  in  the  upper
districts  and  northward.
