He  was,  moreover,  the  resolute  defender  of  the  modern
system  against  any  aggressive  return  of  the  Ancien  Regime
and  of  the  Bourbons.  If  the  Carlists,  as  they  were  then
called,  had  only  been  Conservatives  attached  to  the  prin-
ciples of  order  and  stabihty  represented  by  the  Orleanist
bourgeoisie,  they  would  have  recognised  it  as  to  their  advan-
tage to  acknowledge  the  mistakes  made  by  Polignac  and
the  Ultras,  which  by  allowing  the  democracy  of  Paris  to
get  the  upper  hand,  though  only  for  a  moment,  had  cost


iv]  The  Duchesse  de  Berry  145

Charles  X  his  crown.  But  either  from  loyalty,  like
Chateaubriand,  or  from  a  spirit  of  revenge,  like  Genoude
of  the  Gazette  de  France,  they  obstinately  insisted  on  pursuing
the  phantasm  of  a  restoration  of  the  Ancien  Regime,  even
by  means  the  most  abhorrent  to  their  own  principles.  Since
August  10, 1830,  they  had  gone  beyond  even  the  Republicans
in  their  demands,  asking  for  the  liberty  of  the  Press,  liberty
of  Associations,  the  free  elections  of  Mayors,  and  universal
suffrage.  Any  weapon  was  good  in  their  hands  against
a  victorious  democracy.  These  Ultras,  who  in  1819  were
insulted  by  the  notion  of  sitting  in  the  same  Chamber  as
the  regicide  Gregoire,  who  in  1822  persecuted  Manuel  with
their  abuse,  now  did  not  show  the  slightest  objection  to  an
understanding  with  the  admirers  and  apologists  of  the
Convention — a  temporary  alliance  no  doubt,  but  still  a
singularly  risky  one  for  champions  of  Divine  Right,  and
one  which  in  the  eyes  of  the  nation  transformed  them,
yes,  even  them,  into  revolutionists.  They  forgot  that
La  Vendee  had  left  behind  it  as  bitter  memories  as  the
Convention,  when  they  joined  the  republican  conspirators
in  Paris  in  getting  up  a  rising  in  that  district.  The  Duchesse
de  Berry  (representing  the  Due  de  Bordeaux),  assisted  by
her  friends  the  Due  de  Cars,  the  Due  de  St  Priest,  and
Marshal  Bourmont,  was  doing  her  best,  first  in  London,
and  afterwards  in  Italy  to  organise  another  Vendean  war.
