The  letters  s  and  r  better  keep  in  linguistic  works  the  cerebral
point,  although  there  is  no  dental  s  and  /•  in  the  Devanagari.
The  solution  of  Af,  (j  etc.  into  M,  yh  etc.  is  against  the  appre-
hension of  the  ancient  grammarians ,  who  treat  those  letters
as  simple  ones.
The  modern  pronunciation  has  not  abandoned  the  simpleness
of  the  vowels  /•  and  /.     The  diphthongs  T[  and  ^h"  are  turned

1  f'alaographie  ah  Mittel  fiir  die  Sprachforsclwng ,   zundchst  am  Sanskrit
nachgeune»en.    Berlin.   1834.
SANSKRIT.  95

into  simple  vowels  e  and  6.  The  palatals  ^  and  ^  have  been  re-
solved into  the  compound  sounds  ts  and  dz,  which,  considering
their  etymology,  we  write  crand  ;  (see  the  Introduction  p.  9).  If
and  *T  sorrespond  actually  to  the  Polish  letters  s  and  sz;  we  write
them  accordingly  s  and  s  (see  p.  71).  "?Chas  lost  its  cerebral  nature,
and  we  write  it  r  without  the  dot  so  much  the  more  as  in  other
modern  Indian  languages  there  has  been  introduced  a  real  ce-
rebral r  by  the  side  of  r,  this  latter  being  still  written  with  the
Devanagari  sign  T-  With  respect  to  the  Aspirates,  we  follow
the  Hindustani  writing,  which  resolves  them  into  kh,  ph,  etc.
We  have  already  mentioned,  that  this  solution  into  two  letters
is  not  against  our  physiological  principles  (see  Introd.  p.  11).
We  maintain  the  decided  reprobation  of  the  use  of  the  letters
cA,  chh,  sh,  f  instead  of  our  c,  ch,  s,  s,  as  incompatible  with
any  sound  principle  of  transcription.  It  is  evident  that  we
have  to  resolve  the  Devanagari  ligatures,  including  "^T  M,  into
their  component  letters.
