Ptolemseus,  his  enumeration  of  the  con-
stellations, 24;  his  acquaintance  with
the  so-called  Copernican  theory,  119;
astronomical  theories  of,  297,  298.
426


INDEX.
Pythagoras,  the  philosopher,  his  familiar-
ity with  the  so-called  Copernican  theory,
119.
QUADRUMANA,  the,  distribution  of,  357,
358.
RAMOND,  the  naturalist,  his  researches  in
the  natural  history  of  red  snow,  40,
41.
Ranunculacese,  the,  general  character-
istics of,  166-169.
Ray,  the  botanist,  on  the  daisy,  146.
Red-billed  crow,  the,  its  appearance  de-
scribed, 68,  69 ;  its  habits,  69 ;  the  his-
tory of  one  which  had  been  tamed,  69,
70.
Red  snow,  known  to  Pliny,  the  naturalist,
39 ;  first  described  scientifically  by  De
Saussure,  39,  40  ;  discovered  by  Ramond
in  the  Pyrenees,  40;  by  Captain  Ross
in  Baffin's  Bay,  41  ;  described  by  Sir
John  Ross,  41  ;  a  fungus  (?)  41.
Reptiles,  the,  distribution  of,  361.
Rhizomes,  or  trailing  roots,  referred  to,  88,
89.
Rhodius,  Apollonius,  the  poet,  quoted,  20.
Rodentia,  the,  distribution  of,  358.
Rogers,  the  poet,  quoted,  403.
Ruminantia,  the,  how  distributed,  358.
SALAMANCA,  the  council  of,  referred  to,

108.
Sap,  the  circulation  of,  132 ;  its  ascent  and

descent,  133  ;   theories  concerning  the

rise  of,  134-137.
Saussure,  Benedict  de,  the  naturalist,  his

observations  on  red  snow,  39,  40.
Science,  unselfishness  of,  76  ;  the  peculiar

characteristics  of,  133.
Scutellariae,  the,  characteristics  of,  indi-
cated, 235,  236.
Seasons,  the,  changes  of,  204,  205.
Seneca,  the  philosopher,  his  conception  of

the  earth's  support  in  space,  104.
Shakespeare,  his  allusions  to  the  daisy,

quoted,  150,  151  ;  the  lily  described  by,

242.
Shelley,  the  poet,  quoted,  152.
