The  lower  tertiary  beds  of  Russia  are  usually  characterized  by
the  prevalence  of  argillaceous  and  siliceous  deposits ;  they  are
traceable  down  the  course  of  the  Dnieper ;  and  we  cannot
doubt  of  their  true  claim  to  the  title  bestowed  on  them  in
that  district  by  Dubois  de  Montpereux  and  Von  Buch  ;  for
at  Butschak  on  that  river,  thirty-two  species  of  fossil  shells  were
obtained  identical  with  those  found  in  the  London  clay  and  cal-
caire  grossier  of  Paris — the  classical  types  of  that  formation,
(p.  286).  And  the  same  character  applies  to  those  collected  by
our  authors  at  Antipof  ka  on  the  banks  of  the  Volga.
The  miocene  system  of  Russia,  like  those  of  Styria,  exhibits
beds  of  limestone  often  of  an  oolitic  structure,  lithologically
resembling  our  own  Bath  stone.  The  shells  found  in  these  strata
in  Russia  and  Poland  generally  correspond  with  those  of  Bor-
deaux and  the  sub- Apennines :  a  list  of  thirty- four  Polish
species  is  given  (p.  294),  and  these  demonstrate  that  the  great
salt-mines  of  Wielickza,  which  thirty  years  ago  all  geologists
described  as  sure  indications  of  our  new  red  sandstone,  really
belong  to  the  middle  stage  of  tertiary.
*  We  may  extend  tbeie  remarks  over  the  whole  of  Europe.  All  the  eouthem
tertiariei  of  Europe,  «.  g.^  thoee  of  southern  France  and  the  Tale  of  Switxerland — of
ItalYt  Greece — we  may  add  of  Asia  Minor,  too — appear  to  belong  to  the  miocene  claas ;
while  the  eocene  it  confined  to  the  basins  of  London,  Paris,  and  Belgium.
