Chinese Civil War 國 共 內戰 (Kuomintang - Communist Civil War) Part of Cross-Strait conflict and Cold War (from 1947) Clockwise from the top: Communist troops at the Battle of Siping, Muslim soldiers of the NRA, Mao Zedong in the 1930s, Chiang Kai - shek inspecting soldiers, CCP general Su Yu investigating the front field shortly before the Menglianggu Campaign Date 1 August 1927 -- 22 December 1936 (9 years, 4 months and 3 weeks) 31 March 1946 -- 7 August 1950 (4 years, 4 months and 1 week) (Kuomintang Islamic insurgency aganist the People 's Republic of China 's rule continued in the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Yunnan until 1958) Location China Result Chinese Communist victory Major combat ended, but no armistice or peace treaty signed Small pockets of insurgency continued through the 1960s Territorial changes Communist Party of China takeover of mainland China and Hainan People 's Republic of China established in mainland China Government of the Republic of China relocated to Taiwan Belligerents 1927 -- 36 Republic of China Kuomintang National Revolutionary Army 1927 -- 36 Communist Party Chinese Workers ' and Peasants ' Red Army Chinese Soviet Republic (1931 -- 37) Jiangxi -- Fujian Soviet (1931 -- 34) Fujian People 's Government (1933 -- 34) Supported by: Soviet Union Communist International 1947 -- 49 Republic of China Kuomintang Republic of China Armed Forces Supported by: United States 1946 -- 49 Communist Party Pre-PLA troops and militia People 's Liberation Army East Turkestan Republic (1944 -- 46) Ili National Army Supported by: Soviet Union 1949 -- 61 Republic of China Republic of China Armed Forces Nationalist loyalist guerrillas, militias and regular troops left in Mainland China and Burma Supported by: United States 1949 -- 61 People 's Republic of China People 's Liberation Army Supported by: Soviet Union Commanders and leaders Chiang Kai - shek (show) Bai Chongxi Chen Cheng Li Zongren Yan Xishan He Yingqin Hu Zongnan Gu Zhutong Wei Lihuang Du Yuming Sun Li - jen Fu Zuoyi Liu Chih Xue Yue Wang Yaowu Tang Enbo Huang Baitao † Zhang Lingfu † Zhang Xueliang Feng Yuxiang (Until 1930) Mao Zedong (show) Zhu De Peng Dehuai Zhou Enlai Lin Biao Liu Bocheng He Long Chen Yi Luo Ronghuan Xu Xiangqian Nie Rongzhen Ye Jianying Deng Xiaoping Su Yu Chen Geng Wang Jiaxiang Ye Ting † Bo Gu † Li De Zhang Guotao (Until 1936) Strength 4,300,000 (June 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1945) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) Casualties and losses c. 1.5 million (1948 -- 49) c. 250,000 (1948 -- 49) 1945 -- 49: c. 6 million (including civilians) 1928 -- 37: c. 7 million (including civilians) 1945 -- 49: c. 2.5 million (including civilians) c. 8 million casualties total
who did the us back up in chinas civil war
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