Seljuk Empire آلِ سلجوق Āl - e Saljuq 1037 -- 1194 Seljuq Empire at its greatest extent in 1092, upon the death of Malik Shah I Capital Nishapur (1037 -- 1043) Rey (1043 -- 1051) Isfahan (1051 -- 1118) Merv, Eastern capital (1118 -- 1153) Hamadan, Western capital (1118 -- 1194) Languages Persian (official & court language; lingua franca) Oghuz Turkish (dynastic and military) Arabic (language of law, theology and science) Religion Sunni Islam (Hanafi) Government Sultanate Sultan 1037 -- 1063 Toghrul I (first) 1174 -- 1194 Toghrul III (last) History Tughril formed the state system 1037 Battle of Dandanaqan 1040 Battle of Manzikert 1071 First Crusade 1095 -- 1099 Battle of Qatwan 1141 Replaced by the Khwarezmian Empire 1194 Area 1080 est. 3,900,000 km (1,500,000 sq mi) Preceded by Succeeded by Oghuz Yabgu State Ghaznavids Buyid dynasty Byzantine Empire Kakuyids Sultanate of Rûm Anatolian beyliks Ghurid Dynasty Khwarezmian Empire Ayyubid dynasty Atabegs of Azerbaijan Burid dynasty Zengid dynasty Danishmends Artuqid dynasty Saltukids Shah - Armens Shaddadids
when did the seljuk empire begin and end
1037 -- 1194