The 1904 constitution, in Article 136, gave the United States the right to "intervene in any part of Panama, to reestablish public peace and constitutional order. '' Reflecting provisions of the Hay -- Bunau - Varilla Treaty, this confirmed Panama 's status as a de facto protectorate of the United States. Article 136, along with other provisions of the Hay -- Bunau - Varilla Treaty, such as that giving the United States the right to add additional territory to the Canal Zone whenever it believed this was necessary for defensive purposes, rankled Panamanian nationalists for more than three decades.
amendment giving the us the right of intervention in panama
The 1904 constitution