Due to research development in recent years, backchannel responses have been expanded to include sentence completions, requests for clarification, brief statements, and non-verbal responses and now fall into three categories: non-lexical, phrasal, and substantive. A non-lexical backchannel is a vocalized sound that has little or no referential meaning but still verbalizes the listener 's attention. In English, sounds like "uh - huh '' and "hmm '' serve this role. Phrasal backchannels most commonly assess or acknowledge a speaker 's communication with simple words or phrases (for example, "Really? '' or "Wow! '' in English). Substantive backchannels consist of more substantial turn - taking by the listener and usually manifest as asking for clarification or repetitions.
backchanneling cues such as yes and uh-huh come under which stage of listening
non-lexical non-lexical