Nero (Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) was a great - great - grandson of Augustus and Livia through his mother, Agrippina the Younger. The younger Agrippina was a daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, as well as Caligula 's sister. Through his mother, Nero was related by blood to the Julian and Claudian branches of the Imperial family. However, he was born into the Domitii Ahenobarbi on his father 's side. Nero became a Claudian in name as a result of Agrippina 's marriage to her uncle, Claudius, who ultimately adopted her son as his own. He succeeded Claudius in AD 54, becoming the last direct descendant of Augustus to rule the Roman Empire. Within a year of Nero 's suicide in AD 68, the Julio - Claudian dynasty was succeeded by the Flavian emperors following a brief civil war over the vacant Imperial throne.
who was the last emperor of the augustinian line
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