Coping is the conscious effort to reduce stress. Psychological coping mechanisms are commonly termed coping strategies or coping skills. Coping skills develop from infancy and are learnt by watching others and trial and error. Perceived control is an important resource in coping with stressful situations. It develops from prior mastery of stressful situations and within social relationships. Affiliation with others is a basic human response for managing stress. The effectiveness of coping strategies in reducing distress is dependent on the strategies used and the self - belief that one can cope, also known as coping self - efficacy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has shown that emotion regulation paradigms can be conceptualized into four dimensions: affect intensity and reactivity, affect modulation, cognitive modulation, and behavioral control.
using emotional behavioral or cognitive methods to reduce stress is known as
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