Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی ‎, ` Abdü'l - Ḥamīd - i sânî; Turkish: İkinci Abdülhamit; 21 September 1842 -- 10 February 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of decline. He ruled from 31 August 1876 until he was deposed shortly after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, on 27 April 1909. In accordance with an agreement made with the republican Young Ottomans, he promulgated the first Ottoman constitution of 1876 on 23 December 1876, which was a sign of progressive thinking that marked his early rule. Later, however, he noticed Western influence on Ottoman affairs and citing disagreements with Parliament, suspended both the short - lived constitution and Parliament in 1878 and accomplished highly effective power and control.
which leader shut down the parliament and suspended the constitution in the ottoman empire
Abdul Hamid II