In the same vein, the fact that visitors of a cultural institution or participants in a cultural or heritage conservation activity, including nature conservation, open to the general public are required to pay a monetary contribution that only covers a fraction of the true costs does not alter the non-economic nature of that activity, as it cannot be considered genuine remuneration for the service provided.
De plus, de nombreuses activités culturelles ou de conservation du patrimoine sont objectivement non substituables (la gestion d'archives publiques détenant des documents uniques, par exemple) et, de ce fait, elles excluent l'existence d'un véritable marché.