In the lesson Writing an Engaging Short Story with Well-Developed Conflict and Resolution, the short story was defined as “an invented prose narrative shorter than a novel.” However, knowing the length of something is of limited use when you’re at the keyboard searching for inspiration. We aren’t going to redefine a short story, but knowing the genre from another perspective may help you write in it. The metaphor below has added to many students’ understanding and aided them in final revisions. Consider this comparison:
A novel is a house where the reader is invited to explore every room, right down to snooping in the closets. Novels are discursive (expansive) and apt to take side trips. A short story is a single room in the house that invites the reader to lean in through the open window and see what's happening in one room.
—Kate Wilhelm, science fiction author
Every stage of writing a short story is a formidable challenge. In earlier lessons, you have plotted, profiled, and drafted a story. If not, your teacher has probably explained those parts of the short story writing process. In this lesson, you will need to have drafted a short story as you learn how to revise and tighten your draft by eliminating side trips and incorporating some of the literary strategies that the masters of the genre have used. You will improve your story by keeping the elements of point of view, dialogue, suspense, and theme foremost in your mind. In the end, you will open a window to a room that tells a compelling story.
Choose the Point of View
If a novel is a house and a short story a single room, one of the first things to ask is who is telling the story about the people in that room? Is your story told in first, second, or third person? Notice the different personal pronouns used in each:
- I am in the room. I am the first person.
- You came into the room. You are the second person.
- He or she came into the room. He or she is the third person.
When you select which “person“—first, second, or third—will tell your story, you are deciding on your narrator’s point of view. You’re making a choice about whose eyes the reader will be looking through. First-person and third-person narrators are most commonly used in short stories.
First-Person Point of View
The narrator—often the protagonist—participates in the action and uses the pronouns like I, me, we, and our. This is a good choice for beginning writers because it is easiest to write.
TRUE! —nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses—not destroyed—not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily—how calmly I can tell you the whole story.
—Edgar Allen Poe, “The Tell-Tale Heart”
Third-Person Point of View
If you elect to use third person, you will choose from one of three possible points of view. Decide which by answering this pivotal question: Do you want your narrator to share the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters, just one of them, or none of them? Consider the following points and examples:
- If you want the narrator to probe into the minds and hearts of all the characters, you will write in the third- person omniscient point of view. You will be able to probe every character’s mind since you will be omniscient or all-knowing. In Charlotte’s Web, E. B. White reveals the feelings of all his characters, including a barnyard pig named Wilbur. When he doesn’t want to eat, the omniscient narrator tells us why.
Wilbur didn’t want food, he wanted love. He wanted a friend—someone who would play with him.
- To reveal the viewpoint of only a single character, use third-person limited. Your narrator can tell what a single “he” or “she” thinks. An author can accomplish a lot by getting into one character’s head. We may feel anything that character feels, see anything that character sees, tastes, smells, senses, or hears. For example, in “Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket,” author Jack Finney allows us to eavesdrop on the regrets of his protagonist. We are looking in through the window at a man who stands outside his apartment on a ledge eleven stories up—a man very recently driven to succeed. Read his frightening epiphany.
He understood fully that he might actually be going to die; his arms, maintaining his balance on the ledge, were trembling steadily now. And it occurred to him then with all the force of a revelation that, if he fell, all he was ever going to have out of life he would then, abruptly, have had. Nothing, then, could ever be changed; and nothing more—no least experience or pleasure—could ever be added to his life. He wished, then, that he had not allowed his wife to go off by herself tonight—and on similar nights. He thought of all the evenings he had spent away from her, working; and he regretted them. He thought wonderingly of his fierce ambition and of the direction his life had taken; he thought of the hours he’d spent by himself, filling the yellow sheet that had brought him out here. Contents of the dead man’s pockets, he thought with sudden fierce anger, a wasted life.
- If you don’t want to reveal any of your characters’ thoughts, you will use a third-person objective point of view. Your narrator will function like a video camera, recording the action in the room without concern for the thoughts or feelings of the people. Another way to understand the objective point of view is to think of the narrator as a fly on the wall, or in our extended metaphor, a fly on the window. Ernest Hemingway uses this point of view in “Hills like White Elephants.”
The girl stood up and walked to the end of the station. Across, on the other side, were fields of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. The shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain and she saw the river through the trees.
In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus explains to Scout that “You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view . . . until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.” Writing a short story gives you a chance to share the insight you gained when you walked around in someone’s skin and listened to that other person’s thoughts.
Whether you use first-person or third-person point of view, be consistent and make your narrator reliable. For a comprehensive lesson on the various points of view, read Narrator’s Point of View, which is in Related Resources. When you decide which point of view you want to use in your short story, you should begin to consider what you want your characters to say and how you want them to say it.
Images used in this section: Source: Street-1, Fotograf Myregrund Source: Shannon, Fire monkey fish, Flickr Source: edgar allen poe-tato flakes, Rakka Source: To Kill A Mockingbird, cgauthier2112, Flickr
Figure Out What to Say
Dialogue, or what characters say, truly makes a lasting impression. You don’t have to be a wizard to name the iconic movie whose characters spoke the memorable lines that follow:
- “Toto, I’ve a feeling we’re not in Kansas anymore.”
- “I’ll get you my pretty and your little dog too.”
- “There’s no place like home.”
Just like The Wizard of Oz and nearly all movies, your short story will be more animated and interesting if you include dialogue. Your characters will come to life through their words. Also, dialogue speeds up the action and keeps readers focused. Through dialogue you can, among other things, advance the plot, reveal relationships between characters, share insights, or just have some fun.
Listen to how dialogue enriches these animal encounters in the video below. After you watch it, imagine how it would be without dialogue. This is the magic that also happens when you add thoughtful dialogue to your own characters. O. Henry, who was fond of having dialogue in his short stories, said it was important to “inject a few raisins of conversation into the tasteless dough of life.” K.M. Weiland uses another food metaphor for dialogue, writing “You can think of dialogue as sort of like salt. It perks up the [reader’s] taste buds and makes everything else taste better.”
Paragraph after paragraph of dense text does not appeal to most readers. Remember that each time a character speaks, you start a new paragraph. This mean you can use dialogue to increase the amount of white space on the pages of your story. When you revise your short story, consider how you can season it with dialogue while simultaneously improving its readability. Before you insert dialogue in your short story, however, try this brief, guided practice.
John Hughes’s “Vacation 58” inspired the 1983 comedy movie Vacation. Chevy Chase, as Clark Griswold, drives the family cross-country to “Walley World.” While much of this story is sprinkled with amusing dialogue, the following paragraph is not. Think how you might enliven this leg of the Griswolds’ journey with a few lines of dialogue. The narrator, a kid, sits in the backseat staring at endless rows of corn. What do you think he overhears from the front seat?Using your notes, script some of the parents’ conversation. When you are finished, check your understanding to see a possible response.
Mom pleaded with Dad to stop at a motel when we got to Springfield, Illinois. Several times he crossed completely over the median lines and drove in the opposite lane. Once while going through a little town, Dad drove up on the sidewalk and ran over a bike and some toys. Mom accused him of being asleep at the wheel, but he said he was just unfamiliar with Illinois traffic signs.
Now, reread the draft of your own short story. Is there a scene that drags? Is there a character demanding to speak? Was there something you told the reader that you could have shown through lively dialogue? When you add dialogue, skip the small talk like “Hi, how are you?” and get right into real, spirited, and substantive conversation.
Images used in this section:
Source: Wizard of Oz 1939 Insert Poster, Cinemamasterpieces, Wikimedia
Source: MR GRISWOLD, Zellaby, Flickr
Suspend Readers in Midair
On May 23, 2012, Nik Wallenda stepped out on a tightrope “suspended” over Niagara Falls, slowly making his way through the mist from the United States to Canada. ABC News was there to catch the action, but since Wallenda was tethered by a safety harness, his highly publicized walk was somewhat anticlimactic. In fact, a far more suspenseful tightrope walk had already occurred in New York almost half a century before. After you finish this section, you’ll be able to watch television footage about the earlier aerialist’s extraordinarily dangerous feat.
When the outcome is certain, viewers tune out, and readers become disengaged. No one expected Wallenda to fail to reach the other side of Niagara Falls. He was a seventh-generation circus performer wearing a safety line. There was a possibility of surprise, but no real surprise. However, suspense will keep readers or viewers more deeply engaged than the distant possibility of surprise. To illustrate the difference between creating surprise and building suspense, we turn to Alfred Hitchcock, the master of suspense.
You and I sit here talking. We’re having a very innocuous conversation about nothing. Boring. Doesn’t mean a thing. Suddenly, boom! A bomb goes off and the audience is shocked—for 15 seconds. Now you change it. Play the same scene, show that a bomb has been placed there, establish that it’s going off at 1 p.m.—it’s now a quarter of one, ten of one—show a clock on the wall, back to the same scene. Now our conversation becomes vital, by its sheer nonsense. Look under the table! You fool! Now the audience is working for 10 minutes, instead of being surprised for 15 seconds.
From the beginning of a story, good writers deliberately involve readers by providing clues that foreshadow the ending. With clues, the reader knows more than the main character, becomes invested in the outcome, and anticipates the ending.
Suppose your story is about a tightrope artist taking a skywalk on a high wire suspended between two buildings. What if you mention that, unknown to the aerialist, the far end of the steel cable is beginning to fray? By mentioning the compromised wire, you pose a threat to your protagonist. You heighten the tension by worrying the reader that the aerialist might not reach the other side safely. You’ve created suspense, which has been recognized as an important element in literature as far back as Aristotle. Short story readers are intrigued when writers couple a real sense of danger with a glint of hope that the story will end well.
Thinking of the story you have drafted leading up to this lesson, take the time to consider how to add suspense by sharing something with the reader that your main character doesn’t know. Look at the rising action: Can you provide another hint about the trouble your protagonist will face? Can you insert a realistic detail that will give a clue about the resolution of the story? Can you prolong the climax and keep your reader guessing a while longer?
Naturally, we don’t want to leave you hanging in midair. If the suspense is killing you, you can delay writing your revisions until after you watch the video mentioned at the beginning of this section. Watch as Philippe Petit makes history by traversing a high wire strung between two iconic buildings. Look carefully for his safety harness.
Images used in this section:
Source: Nik Wallenda tight rope, canadiantourism, Flickr
Source: Nik Wallenda Walks Across Pittsburgh, jstrak, Flickr
Write about a Central Theme
Stories, novels, plays, and poems, almost always contain a theme or themes. Themes are underlying messages about life and human nature; they are big ideas an author wants to pass on to you. What is tricky about themes is that sometimes they don’t stand out but only emerge after careful analysis. Understanding the theme of a text is an “aha” moment that gives you deeper insight into what an author is trying to say.
As a writer, how do you go about considering theme along with everything else that’s involved in writing a short story? Let’s begin by saying that theme is an important part of your short story planning process. Themes are the abstract concepts or universal truths found in all good literature. Themes are born out of an author’s observation about the human condition. The writer communicates those observations through the characters in the story. The changes your characters make as they progress through the story will help you define your theme.
Read the story below and think about how you would answer these three questions:
- What is the main character’s internal conflict?
- Which of the main character’s views and attitudes will change as a result of the story’s events? How and why?
- How does the main character demonstrate those changed views and attitudes at the beginning and the end of the story?
The Fish and the Salamander
At the beginning of time, Fish and Salamander looked very much alike. They were discussing how they planned to evolve.
“I wish to grow thinner and to grow my tail broad,” said Fish. “Then I will swim like lightning and outrace any creature in the pond. How about you?”
Salamander considered. “Well, it would certainly be nice to be the fastest creature in the pond. But I think I will keep my awkward tail, which allows me to swim well enough. What I wish to change instead is to grow some modest legs.”
Fish laughed. “Legs? In a pond? What a waste!”
Soon, though, came a drought, and the pond began to dry up. Fish was trapped, but Salamander was able to crawl out in hopes of finding another pond.
“How did you know that legs would come in so handy?” cried Fish to his departing friend.
“I didn’t,” said Salamander. “But I wasn’t so naive as to assume that circumstances today would be the same as circumstances tomorrow.”
Would you say that the internal conflicts of the characters are their respective decisions about how to change their bodies? Fish seems to change at the end of the story as he realizes the error of his decision when he asks Salamander why he knew the right decision to make.
We know that Fish changes or is forced to change by the circumstances of nature.
Finally, we can answer question number three by showing Fish’s arrogance in the face of Salamander’s logic and forethought. We see Fish’s arrogance disappear as he “cries” to Salamander for an explanation as to Salamander’s wise choice.
Even though this is a very short story with a simple plot and only two characters, we can have a discussion about the “human” condition that informs the story—the theme of this story.
As you continue thinking about your short story remember the following:
The secret of theme lies entirely in the hands of your characters. As with almost every other aspect of story, character is the vital key to making your theme come to unforgettable life.
—K. M. Weiland, “Crafting Unforgettable Characters”
You’re nearing the end of this trio of lessons on how to write a short story. You may have been writing with a theme in mind, but if you’re unsure about theme, you might want to review the lesson “Analyzing Various Texts with Similar Themes.” To get to know your own theme better, ask yourself a few questions: What was your purpose in writing this story? What central insight or universal truth did you want to convey? What truth did you discover as you were writing?
As with anything worth doing, writing an interesting short story takes time and patience. As you continue to practice, your characters will come alive and themes will take shape from their actions.
Images used in this section:
Source: FiestaTexas4, Rei, Wikimedia
Source: Coryphopterus glaucofraenum, LASZLO ILYES, Wikimedia
Source: Salamander larve, Simbyte
Read "A Retrieved Reformation" (Part 3)
The ending of a short story should satisfy readers and make them feel that the effort of reading to the finish was worth it. Few writers deliver endings that are more satisfactory than O. Henry’s. If you read the earlier lessons on writing, you may recall that in Part 2 of “A Retrieved Reformation,” Jimmy fell in love with the banker’s daughter in Elmore, Arkansas. This love was so transformative for the protagonist that he became willing to go straight, even though going straight meant parting with his prized suitcase of safecracking tools. Before he could send the heavy suitcase to a former “colleague,” however, a five-year-old girl got locked inside Elmore Bank’s foolproof vault by accident.
Read this last section to find out how Jimmy deals with this crisis. Click the link to open an excerpt from “A Retrieved Reformation” by O. Henry. When you’re finished reading the document, return to this section.
William Sidney Porter took the pen name of O. Henry because he had a criminal record. What pseudonym would you take to conceal your identity? Hopefully the short story you have been working on will be good enough to submit under the name your parents gave you. Before you begin your final revision, answer these questions about “A Retrieved Reformation” to review the literary strategies discussed in this lesson. Click on the best answer for each question.
Images used in this section:
Source: Gangster look, Kevins’ Collections, Flickr
Finish Your Story
“Automobile warranty expires. So does engine.”
In the succinct story above by Stan Lee, just what you expect is what happens. However, what happens in “A Retrieved Reformation” is the opposite of what you expect. Your tale, predictable or not, must come to an end. Use the rubric below to assess your current draft. After that, your final task is to revise your work, keeping in mind plot, character, theme, and the literary strategies addressed in the three lessons. You can even use the point system included to score your own draft. Good luck!
Literary Terms/Elements 30
- Literary elements, including suspense and dialogue, enhance the story.
- Characters are interesting and believable (5pts).
- Both direct and indirect characterization are used to create well-developed characters (5 pts).
- All parts are written well and add to the story:
- Exposition sets the scene and introduces the characters while also hooking the reader (10 pts).
- The critical incident and rising action build the plot and deepen reader understanding of the characters and the story (8 pts).
- Climax is the height of tension and makes the reader wonder what will happen next (8 pts).
- Falling action shows effects of the climax and leads toward the resolution (8 pts).
- Resolution ties up all of the loose ends and/or might introduce a new conflict (8 pts).
- A theme is evident from the story and appropriate to the characters and plot (8 pts).
Written Conventions 10
- Spelling, punctuation, and grammar are generally correct with few mistakes (5pts).
- Language is appropriate for the story and audience (5 pts).
Images used in this section:
Source: Junkyard 1, squarejer, Flickr
Bailey, Tom. A Short Story Writer’s Companion. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Barancik, Steve. “The Fish and the Salamander.“ Best-childrens-books.com.
CBS News. “Tightrope Walk Across World Trade Center (1974).” YouTube video, 2:11. Posted Dec 27, 2008.
“English Proverbs.” The Phrase Finder. //www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/proverbs.html.
Finney, Jack. “Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket.” Wayne State University.
Gavan, Cara. “Using the Genre Approach to Teaching Suspense Short Story Writing.” SUNY Cortland.
Gioia, Dana and R.S. Gywnn, eds. The Art of the Short Story. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006.
Hemingway, Ernest. “Hills like White Elephants.”
Henry, O. “A Retrieved Reformation.” In Roads of Destiny. Project Gutenberg. February 5, 2006.
Holland, Bruce. “You’ll Know It When You See It.” Flash Fiction Online, (blog).
Hughes, John. “Vacation 58.” Zoetrope 12, no. 2 (Summer 2008).
Humpage, A. J. “Creating Suspense in Fiction.” All Write — Fiction Advice (blog). June 4, 2011.
Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. First Perennial Classic ed. New York: HarperPerennial, 2002.
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Tell-Tale Heart.” Classic Literature. About.com.
Sullivan, Frank. “The Night The Old Nostalgia Burned Down.” New Yorker, May 25, 1946.
Thomson, Amy Restivo. “Elemental Fiction.” Trinity University. August 1, 2011.
Weiland, K.M. Crafting Unforgettable Characters. KMWeiland.com. E-book.
White, E. B. Charlotte’s Web. New York: HarperTrophy, 1980.
†Republished with permission from Steve Barancik, Best Children’s Books


3D Plot in Excel is used to plot the graph for those data sets, which may not give much visibility, comparison feasibility with other data sets, and plotting the area when we have large sets of data points. 3D Plot in Excel is the creative way of change a simple 2D graph into 3D Select Plot > 3D : 3D ColorMap Surface to create a 3D Colormap Surface plot (Graph1 by default). Right click the layer icon on the left-top of the graph to open the Layer Contents dialog. In this dialog, click on the button and select 3D Scatter/Trajectory/Vector from the fly-out menu
3d plot. Natural Language; Math Input; Extended Keyboard Examples Upload Random. Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. For math, science, nutrition, history, geography, engineering, mathematics, linguistics, sports, finance, music Wolfram|Alpha brings expert-level knowledge and capabilities to the broadest. Like 2-D graphs, we can use different ways to represent 3-D graph. We can make a scatter plot, contour plot, surface plot, etc. Let's have a look at different 3-D plots. Plotting 3-D Lines and Points. Graph with lines and point are the simplest 3 dimensional graph. ax.plot3d and ax.scatter are the function to plot line and point graph respectively. Example 1: 3 dimensional line grap
Creating 3-D Plots. Open Live Script. This example shows how to create a variety of 3-D plots in MATLAB®. Mesh Plot. The mesh function creates a wireframe mesh. By default, the color of the mesh is proportional to the surface height. z = peaks(25); figure mesh(z) Surface Plot. The surf function is used to create a 3-D surface plot. surf(z) Surface Plot (with Shading) The surfl function. Gratis online 3D Grafikrechner von GeoGebra: zeichne 3D Funktionen und Oberflächen, konstruiere Körper und viel mehr plot3 (X,Y,Z) plots coordinates in 3-D space. To plot a set of coordinates connected by line segments, specify X, Y, and Z as vectors of the same length. To plot multiple sets of coordinates on the same set of axes, specify at least one of X, Y, or Z as a matrix and the others as vectors The most basic three-dimensional plot is a line or collection of scatter plot created from sets of (x, y, z) triples. In analogy with the more common two-dimensional plots discussed earlier, these can be created using the ax.plot3D and ax.scatter3D functions
Funktionsplotter 3D. Mit diesem Tool können Netz-Graphen sowie zusammenhängende und farbschattierte Flächen von Funktionen z=f(x,y) (orthogonale Koordinaten) und von implizit gegebenen Flächen gezeichnet werden. Geben Sie dazu für den ersten Typ den Funktionsterm mit den Variablen x und y ein und für den zweiten Typ eine Gleichung in x, y und z. Als hübsche Zugabe werden Schnittkurven berechnet. Selbstverständlich kann die Graphik per Maus gedreht werden Demonstration of a basic scatterplot in 3D. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np # Fixing random state for reproducibility np.random.seed(19680801) def randrange(n, vmin, vmax): Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, ) with each number distributed Uniform (vmin, vmax). return (vmax - vmin)*np Creating an Empty 3D Plot: In the below code, we will be creating an empty canvas at first. After that, we will be defining the axes of our 3D plot where we define that the projection of the plot will be in 3D format. This helps us to create the 3D empty axes figure in the canvas
2-D and 3-D Plots. Plot continuous, discrete, surface, and volume data. Use plots to visualize data. For example, you can compare sets of data, track changes in data over time, or show data distribution. Create plots programmatically using graphics functions or interactively using the Plots tab at the top of the MATLAB ® desktop Plotting a 3D continuous line. Now that we know how to plot a single point in 3D, we can similarly plot a continuous line passing through a list of 3D coordinates. We will use the plot () method and pass 3 arrays, one each for the x, y, and z coordinates of the points on the line 3D plots is also known as surface plots in excel which is used to represent three dimensional data, in order to create a three dimensional plot in a excel we need to have a three dimensional range of data which means we have three-axis x, y and z, 3D plots or surface plots can be used from the insert tab in excel Like to plot 3d graph w.r.t. x, y and z. Here is the sample code i used. import matplotlib.pyplot as pltt dfSpark = sqlContext.createDataFrame(tupleRangeRDD, schema) // reading as spark df df = dfSpark.toPandas() fig = pltt.figure(); ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') ax.plot_surface(df['x'], df['y'], df['z']) I am getting a empty graph plot. definitely missing something. Any pointers.
3d plot - Wolfram|Alpha. Have a question about using Wolfram|Alpha? Contact Pro Premium Expert Support » Open source API for 3d charts: Jzy3d is an open source java library that allows to easily draw 3d scientific data: surfaces, scatter plots, bar charts, and lot of other 3d primitives. The API provides support for rich interactive charts, with colorbars, tooltips and overlays. Axis and chart layout can be fully customized and enhanced. Relying on JOGL 2, you can easily deploy native OpenGL. Functions 3D Plotter is an application to drawing functions of several variables and surface in the space R3 and to calculate indefinite integrals or definite integrals. Funcions 3D plotter calculates the analytic and numerical integral and too calculates partial derivatives with respect to x and y for 2 variabled functions. Enter the interval for the variable x for variale and Plotter and 3D.
Plotting 3D Fields; Implicit Plots; List Plots; Basic Shapes and Primitives ¶ Base Classes for 3D Graphics Objects and Plotting; Basic objects such as Sphere, Box, Cone, etc. Classes for Lines, Frames, Rulers, Spheres, Points, Dots, and Text; Platonic Solids; Parametric Surface; Graphics 3D Object for Representing and Triangulating Isosurfaces. Infrastructure¶ Texture Support; Indexed Face. The ax = plt.axes(projection='3d') created a 3D axes object, and to add data to it, we could use plot3D function. And we could change the title, set the x,y,z labels for the plot as well. TRY IT! Consider the parameterized data set t is a vector from 0 to \(10\pi\) with a step \(\pi/50\), x = sin(t), and y = cos(t).Make a three-dimensional plot of the (x,y,t) data set using plot3
The 3D plotting in Matplotlib can be done by enabling the utility toolkit. The utility toolkit can be enabled by importing the mplot3d library, which comes with your standard Matplotlib installation via pip. After importing this sub-module, 3D plots can be created by passing the keyword projection=3d to any of the regular axes creation. 3D plotting in Matplotlib starts by enabling the utility toolkit. We can enable this toolkit by importing the mplot3d library, which comes with your standard Matplotlib installation via pip. Just be sure that your Matplotlib version is over 1.0. Once this sub-module is imported, 3D plots can be created by passing the keyword projection=3d to any of the regular axes creation functions in. . The data is held in spreadsheets which are referred to as tables with column-based data (typically X and Y values for 2D plots) or matrices (for 3D plots)
Plotting a 3D Scatter Plot in Seaborn. Seaborn doesn't come with any built-in 3D functionality, unfortunately. It's an extension of Matplotlib and relies on it for the heavy lifting in 3D. Though, we can style the 3D Matplotlib plot, using Seaborn. Let's set the style using Seaborn, and visualize a 3D scatter plot between happiness, economy and. 3D plotting with matplotlib. There are a number of options available for creating 3D like plots with matplotlib. Let's get started by first creating a 3d scatter plot. 3D scatter plot. Let's first create some data: import numpy as np xyz = np. array (np. random. random ((100, 3))) and assign it to specific variables (for clarity and also to modify the z values): x = xyz [:, 0] y = xyz. 3D-Plot mit unregelmäßig verteilten Datenpunkten Soll Gnuplot unregelmäßig verteilte Datenpunkte darstellen, sollten zuerst die Lücken in der Datenpunktverteilung durch Interpolation geschlossen werden. Dazu dient der Befehl set dgrid3d, welcher regelmäßige Gitterpunkte erzeugt. Parameter sind die Anzahl der gewünschten Intervalle in x- und y-Richtung und ein Gewichtungsfaktor. Inhalt.
3D Vector Plotter. An interactive plot of 3D vectors. See how two vectors are related to their resultant, difference and cross product. Maths Geometry Graph plot vector. The demo above allows you to enter up to three vectors in the form (x,y,z). Clicking the draw button will then display the vectors on the diagram (the scale of the diagram will. There are many functions in R programming for creating 3D plots. In this section, we will discuss on the persp() function which can be used to create 3D surfaces in perspective view.. This function mainly takes in three variables, x, y and z where x and y are vectors defining the location along x- and y-axis. The height of the surface (z-axis) will be in the matrix z
3D Plot in R, one of the quickest ways to create a 3D plot is to use the persp() function. 3D plot the data points on three axes to highlight the link between three factors. Let's see the syntax. persp(x, y, z) Approach 1: Basic 3D Plot in R. Let's create a basic 3D plot, #define x and y. x <- -20:20 y <- -20:2 Creating the Scatter Plot. Select '3D Scatter Plots' from the MAKE A PLOT button on menu bar. Enable the Group By Option from the toolbar, and select the headers as shown in the figure. Finally click on Plot Button to generate the plot. Step 4 3.5. 3D plotting with Mayavi. ¶. Author: Gaël Varoquaux. Tip. Mayavi is an interactive 3D plotting package. matplotlib can also do simple 3D plotting, but Mayavi relies on a more powerful engine ( VTK ) and is more suited to displaying large or complex data. Chapters contents. Mlab: the scripting interface
Matplotlib - 3D Surface plot. Surface plot shows a functional relationship between a designated dependent variable (Y), and two independent variables (X and Z). The plot is a companion plot to the contour plot. A surface plot is like a wireframe plot, but each face of the wireframe is a filled polygon. This can aid perception of the topology of. plot3 (X,Y,Z) plots coordinates in 3-D space. To plot a set of coordinates connected by line segments, specify X, Y, and Z as vectors of the same length. To plot multiple sets of coordinates on the same set of axes, specify at least one of X, Y, or Z as a matrix and the others as vectors. example. plot3 (X,Y,Z,LineSpec) creates the plot using. Plots a function in 3d. INPUT: f - a symbolic expression or function of 2 variables. urange - a 2-tuple (u_min, u_max) or a 3-tuple (u, u_min, u_max) vrange - a 2-tuple (v_min, v_max) or a 3-tuple (v, v_min, v_max) adaptive - (default: False) whether to use adaptive refinement to draw the plot (slower, but may look better). This option does NOT work in conjunction with a transformation (see.
Besides 3D wires, and planes, one of the most popular 3-dimensional graph types is 3D scatter plots. The idea of 3D scatter plots is that you can compare 3 characteristics of a data set instead of two. This tutorial covers how to do just that with some simple sample data. Here is the code that generates a basic 3D scatter plot that goes with the video tutorial: from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import. After reading the MATLAB 3-D plots topic, you will understand how to create 3-d plots as a surface plot or mesh plot in MATLAB. 3-D plots are useful to present data having more than two variables. The command plot3 (x,y,z) in MATLAB help to create three-dimensional plots. The general form of the command is: x,y, and z are vectors of equal size The video talks about how to make a 3D plot in Matlab accurately and efficiently.Credits Voice: Alok Nath Sharma Production: Adarsh Gaurav (KANAV LORE)Conten.. PGFPlots Gallery The following graphics have been generated with the LaTeX Packages PGFPlots and PGFPlotsTable. They have been extracted from the reference manuals. PGFPlots Hom Whether it's for research, a school assignment, or a work presentation, 3-D plots are great for visualizing what a complicated set of data looks like. With the help of MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory), you'll be able to create stunning 3-D visuals with the data you provide. Using MATLAB for this purpose allows you to have complete control over the customization of your graph. From colors to shading.
3D - the grid. If we have a function of two variables \(z=f(x,y)\), we need three axes to display the graph. When plotting in 2D we use evenly spaced x-values and function values of these stored in a y-vector.. When plotting in 3D we need evenly spaced x- and y-values, spaced on a grid where each function value z is taken of a point (x, y) on the grid This tutorial illustrates how to generate 3D plots in Matlab. We investigate the concept of how to generate a discrete representation of a continuous, 3D fu.. . Rather than showing the individual data points, surface plots show a functional relationship between a designated dependent variable (Y), and two independent variables (X and Z). The plot is a companion plot to the contour plot. It is important to understand how these plots are constructed. A two -dimensional. This page shows how to generate 3D animation of scatter plot using animation.FuncAnimation, python, and matplotlib.pyplot. By updating the data to plot and using set_3d_properties, you can animate the 3D scatter plot
Static and interactive inline plots are possible using a Jupyter notebook. The code snippet below will create a static screenshot of the rendering and display it in the Jupyter notebook: import pyvista as pv sphere = pv.Sphere() sphere.plot(jupyter_backend='static') It is possible to use the Plotter class as well Options for 3-D Plots Description Options Notes Examples Compatibility Description The options listed below may be provided to commands that create 3-D plots. These options can be used with the plot3d command and are generally available to all Maple..
. When I took a course in grad school on statistical image processing, I saw a very interesting plot where data is shown as a surf plot and underneath, on the ground or x-y plane, an image is shown. The pixels of the image corresponded to the points in the 3D surface and gave some extra information about the each point, sort of like an. The 3D plots use OpenGL so you can easily rotate, scale and shift them with the mouse. Via the 3D plot settings dialog or via the Surface 3D Toolbar you can change all the predefined settings of a three dimensional plot: grids, scales, axes, title, legend and colors for the different elements. There are several types of plots which can be built from a matrix. They are presented in the plot3d.
3D Plot mit Excel - Crashkurs Rotationsmatrizen. Visualisierung einer Kugel in Excel. Visualisierung von 3D Koordinaten ist in Excel nicht ohne weiteres möglich. Ein Ansatz diesem Problem Herr zu werden sind 3D zu 2D Transformationen. Herleitung der Formeln zur Projektion eines 3D Objektes in eine 2D Ebene z. B. KRAUSS (2004) 1 entnommen werden 3D-online-Plotter (surface graph) - lamprechts.d Plot 3D Graph. If you know of a really cool 3D function that you would like to send to me, I could add it here and put it up as the 3D surface curve of the month. The X, Y, and Z axes are where they are for illustration purposes only. Mathematicians would switch the Y and Z axes with each other. Computer graphics people would have at least one of the axes pointing in the other direction, away. You can try 3 plots to get a hint of the form geometry of your data: m(x,y), m(x,z), m(y,z), besides you can think of a coloring the plot for 4th dimention or even using time (kind on animation.
Turn Your 3D Printer Into a Plotter: The goal of this ible is to show you how to turn your 3D printer into a plotter. I did find pen holders out there, but that was it. What I needed was a ready made solution for the pen to hop between strokes, using permanent ink to print on various Plotting 2D and 3D . Plotting 2D and 3D. Vigii. Hi, I'm a beginner to c++. I need to plot 3D and 2D plots from my c++ program. Please share me the libraries which are more easier to use. I don't want 100 lines for codes for making a single plot. Because I have lot to plot. so that I'm preferring an easiest and understandable one. Please help me guys. closed account . What? mutexe. http. It is also used as a plotting engine by third-party applications like Octave. Gnuplot has been supported and under active development since 1986. Gnuplot supports many different types of 2D and 3D plots. Here is a Gallery of demos. Gnuplot supports many different types of output. interactive screen display: cross-platform (Qt, wxWidgets, x11) or system-specific (MS Windows, OS/2) direct output. Erfahrungswert der Lieferung 1-3 Tage. Schnell & übersichtlich . Sie können mit nur wenigen Mausklicks und Zeitaufwand Ihre Bestellung ausführen. Unser Online-Plot-Upload-Tool ist so programmiert, dass vom Upload bis zur Bestellung nicht mehr als 2 Minuten gebraucht werden. Standort Headquarter. Stiftsallee 2 32425 Minden. Service-Zeiten Mo - Fr, 9.00 - 13.30 & 14.30 - 18.00 Uhr Produktion.
Plotter-Freebie zum Muttertag. Makerist Anleitungen. Gratis! (5) Shirt Kinder Maxim(a) Schnitt und Plott Größe 62/68 -122/128. NähCram. Gratis! Freebie Plotterdatei Planet B Doodles Frollein Tausendschön. Gratis! Eulengesicht Plottdatei gratis. Engelinchen Design. Gratis! (6) *Geimpft* Plotterdatei FREEBIE. B.Style . Gratis! Plotterdatei Impfpass Freebie. Frollein Tausendschön. Grat Seit 3 Jahren arbeitet Objectplot mit 3D-Künstlern eng zusammen. So erhielten wir auf Empfehlung auch den Auftrag der Fertigung der oben gezeigten Sculptur für das renommierte Museum Palais de Tokyo in Paris. Neben der Beratung hinsichtlich des bestmöglichen Druckverfahrens für das erstellte Kunstwerk bieten wir die Möglichkeit der Oberflächenveredlung fast jeder Optik - Chrom, Bronze.
3D Graph using Parametric Lines. 3D Graph using Parametric Lines. Log InorSign Up. This is an example of pushing the limits of the calculator. f(x,y) is any 3-d function. Try changing it! 1. f x, y = cos x + y + x 2 6 − y 2 6 2. Slide a, b, and c to see what they do: 3. a = − 2. 4. b = 0. 6 6. 5. c = 0. 6. here we do some transformations to find out where to plot a 3-dimensional point on. Interactive surface plotting and graphing for multivariable expressions I am looking for code that can plot radio waves from a dipole antenna at a given frequency in 3 dimensional space. So, instead of plotting on a surface, the plot is in space. The point of this exercise is to illustrate how an avalanche beacon transmits a signal and how the waves of this signal can affect searchers receiving a signal. Eventually I would use this in a search simulator where. 2-D Plot ; 3-D Plot . origin of Z-axis ; fine mesh ; view point ; contours ; contours on the 2D plot ; 3D grid graph ; colored 3D figure ; colors for contours ; pseudo 3D bar ; change 3D colors . Polar Coordinate ; Parametric Functions ; Data File ; After Plotting ; Miscellaneous Stuff . About 3-Dimensional Plot (No.2
From to. Connect Dotted Dashed - Dashed — Fill in Fill out. Show term. Second graph: g (x) Derivative Integral. +C: Blue 1 Blue 2 Blue 3 Blue 4 Blue 5 Blue 6 Red 1 Red 2 Red 3 Red 4 Yellow 1 Yellow 2 Green 1 Green 2 Green 3 Green 4 Green 5 Green 6 Black Grey 1 Grey 2 Grey 3 Grey 4 White Orange Turquoise Violet 1 Violet 2 Violet 3 Violet 4. Before we begin, This is not a fight between 2D vs 3D plots — nor this is to claim that 3D Plots are superior to 2D, because it's got one-extra dimension. In fact, I'm one of those who try to avoid adding too much to a plot that the plot loses its own plot. But there are instances when you know you can be better at storytelling by using 3D plots. This article is to help you in those.


This post is also available in: हिन्दी (Hindi)
Computer and Internet use has expanded many folds in the last decade. At the rate at which our society has become dependent on digital technology, it is appropriate to say that basic knowledge of computer programming has become a necessity.
Based on current patterns, trends, and technological advancements, the future is in coding. As pointed out by the former U.S. Chief Technology Officer “To be prepared for the demands of the 21st century—and to take advantage of its opportunities—it is essential that more of our students today learn basic computer programming skills, no matter what field of work they want to pursue.”
Learning how to code at a young age can truly set your child up for a lifetime of success. But just like anything that captures the imagination, it still has to be fun!
Coding teaches kids how to find a logical solution to a problem using a sequence of steps, actions, or instructions. It helps your child to develop problem-solving skills and learn the importance of perseverance. It challenges them to think creatively and to pursue innovative ideas and solutions in the face of adversity. Thus it’s very essential to introduce to kids coding languages at the early stage of learning.
What is Kids Programming Language?
There are many different features that can make it easy and useful for kids to learn a programming language that is easy, to begin with, i.e., with kids programming language. So what is a kids programming language?
Two important aspects that need to be considered for language to become a kids programming language are Accessibility and Practicality. What makes a programming language accessible to kids is its simplicity and comprehensible code language.
One particular language cannot be graded as kids-friendly or kids programming language. A language that is suitable for one age group may not fit for the other age group.
For kids between the ages of five and eight, it is best to choose coding languages with visual learning environments. When kids learn to code, it’s typically done under the guise of a game. This makes the process fun and engaging while the kids are still learning a new skill.
There are many coding languages that allow children to code using a visual environment where coding is done by dragging and dropping the coding blocks similar to jigsaw puzzles. The most popular language under this category is Scratch which is globally recognized as kids programming language. Some of these coding languages are similar to traditional text-based languages with easy-to-learn syntax and programming rules.
However, there are plenty of different programming languages and they keep updating with each passing year. Choosing the right programming language, to begin with, could be a nerve-wracking job. In this article, we shall be discussing the best coding languages for kids in 2022.
What Type of Kids Coding Languages Would Be Best For Your Child?
When thinking about which coding language is right for your child, you should take into consideration their current interests, as this will often dictate the choice of language used.
If your child is into robotics, then they may want to consider Lua. If, however, they have an interest in App development then MIT App Inventor might give them the edge. Whether it is engineering, apps, 3D gaming, or website design; the most important thing while learning any kids programming language is to make coding fun.
Your child doesn’t have to exclusively stick to one coding program either. Often the fundamentals of one coding language overlap with another, and once your child has mastered the basics, they’ll find it quicker and easier to progress.
Teaching children to code is easy – especially if you make it creative and interactive. At CodigHero our team of mentors can help your child develop vital coding skills in a safe, encouraging, and nurturing environment.
Best Kids Coding Languages
Following are what we believe are the 10 best coding languages for kids for 2022.
When it comes to kids coding languages, visual programming languages like Scratch provide a solid foundation of programming principles, with kids being able to drag and drop code blocks (also known as the drag and drop approach of programming) to animate characters, create games, and build apps.
Scratch is designed and maintained by the Lifelong Kindergarten group at the MIT Media Lab and is one of the most popular kids coding languages.
Another important feature of Scratch is that it has a very interactive online community where people share their artwork and games with each other, which can further engage your students.
CodingHero’s Online Coding Classes For Kids introduces coding to children through the drag and drop approach of programming using Scratch.
Following are the features of Scratch programming language:
- Scratch allows young people to integrate creativity in storytelling, games, and animation. Kids can collaborate on projects through the use of Scratch, and share their projects online.
- Scratch allows students to develop 21st-century skills through the use of technology.
- Scratch can be used by people of all ages including students from elementary-high school ages, and adults in a variety of settings.
- Scratch is used in over 150 countries and is available in over 40 languages. This is great for teachers that are working with bilingual or ESL students.
- Scratch can be used across curricula and students and teachers can create and share resources via scratch.
- A major advantage of scratch is that it is a free program so people can access and utilize scratch for both personal and academic use.
- Provides a facility called remix, where one can create a project from someone else work. Others taking credit for work created can be a disadvantage if the user does not credit the initial creator of the Scratch project.
Even though Scratch does have its few drawbacks, on the whole, it is a relatively good programme that can enhance the abilities of children in a number of ways, such as giving them a basic understanding of how computer algorithms and programming works. Scratch can be seen as a stepping stone in the world of computer programming and it makes it one of the most popular kids programming language.
Blockly is Google’s more advanced version of a block-based coding language. Blockly is similar to Scratch in that they both use visual blocks in place of manually coding but they’re different because Blockly is designed for a slightly older audience with more advanced skills. Blockly and Scratch have recently teamed up to create Scratch blocks, which is a nice amalgamation of both interfaces.
Blockly is a fantastic learning tool in the category of kids coding languages and makes code both readable and easy to manipulate thus helping kids in boosting their confidence. Also, it is a user-friendly UI(user interface) that helps in making it interesting. You don’t need to know the languages you are working with or even be familiar with programming languages at all to figure this out. This makes it a fantastic learning tool if you are just trying to learn how to code.
Following are the features that place Blockly in the list of kids coding languages:
- Fosters experimentation and creativity with new coders
- The interface is clean and user-friendly.
- Blockly translates blocks to text-based code in several different languages which allow kids to see the subtle differences between various languages.
- Blockly has been used by a variety of developers to create games and apps that kids will enjoy.
Overall, Blockly is also extremely easy to navigate through and understand. This programming language includes many safety nets for errors such as syntax, logic, and arithmetic errors. It is a great gateway for starting programmers. On top of that, the accessibility of the language is fantastic for everyone. It is one of the most versatile languages in terms of platform availability. All of these aspects make this a great language for almost anyone to pick up and learn!
Alice is another free-to-use, block-based visual kids programming language developed by Carnegie Mellon University. It’s an innovative coding environment that makes it fairly simple to program animations, interactive narratives, and easy games in 3D.
It is designed to teach the concepts of object-oriented programming language (like C++) through creative exploration—with a side focus on logical and computational thinking skills, fundamental programming principles, and a foundational understanding of coding overall.
Alice utilizes the same drag-and-drop-building blocks system that Scratch, Blockly, and most other visual coding programs use. And, just like those platforms, this eliminates the clutter that comes with text-based coding and allows the users to focus on simply developing scripts and writing up solutions.
Following are the features of Alice:
- Works on drag and drop concept
- Possible to be installed on all platforms, Mac, Windows, Tablets and Android devices
- Is available freely to be downloaded
- Provides object-oriented programming
- Simple to learn
Twine is one more language that comes under the category of kids programming language. It is defined as a free “open-source tool for telling interactive, nonlinear stories.” It focuses heavily on the creation aspect of coding, doing away with coding concepts and technical terms.
In fact, Twine chooses to teach users how to code by teaching them how to structure and present interactive games and stories instead. This makes Twine perfect for kids who love to create but feel overwhelmed or frustrated with the more mechanical and methodological aspects of coding.
Following are features of Twine:
- Easily create interactive fiction games
- Little to no coding knowledge is needed
- Potential for radical, experimental work
- Free desktop and web app
- Community resources
5. MIT App Inventor
MIT App Inventor is an intuitive, visual programming environment that allows everyone, even children to build fully functional apps for smartphones and tablets. CodingHero’s Web & Mobile App Development Course For Kids make them proficient enough to have a simple first app up and running in less than 30 minutes. It uses a blocks-based environment to facilitate the creation of complex, high-impact apps in significantly less time than traditional programming environments.
App Inventor lets kids develop applications for Android phones using a web browser and either the connected phone or emulator. The App Inventor servers store your work and help you keep track of your projects.
App Inventor’s features that place it in the category of kids programming language are:
- It is very less time-consuming, you can develop an App in less than one hour.
- It helps in promoting creativity through the blocks and eliminating annoying factors of failure.
- The Apps built in this inventor can be easily shared.
- It is ideal for teaching perspectives. One can use it to teach the students to start with the very basics.
- It has the ability to invoke other apps. This is possible with one of its programming components which is the Activity Starter.
- It also provides access to many other functions of a phone like phone calls, SMS texting, sensors for location, sound, video, and much more.
- You can also save your data along with its web database among other phones.
- You can also import the data from different sites. These sites may be social or online stores, i.e., Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon.
Python is a programming language that reads like normal speech and that’s the reason it gets mentioned in a list of kids coding languages. One rarely has to add comments to the code because Python code that is written well enough reads as if the comments are already included in the code.
If your kids are going to learn something like coding, then you would want them to get a basic grasp on how to think like a programmer. With Python, kids will have very few obstacles with regards to learning how to program. They will be able to learn how to construct programming ideas within their heads and then focus on transferring these ideas into instructions that the machine can interpret.
One of the great features of Python is its libraries. Python’s standard library is very extensive, offering a wide range of facilities as indicated by the long table of contents listed below. The library contains built-in modules (written in C) that provide access to system functionality such as file I/O that would otherwise be inaccessible to Python programmers.
Python is seeing a steady rise to fame and jostling for the first position in the list of the most preferred programming languages for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) projects. Kids can learn to incorporate the tools required to develop ML models in Artificial Intelligence Course For Kids at CodingHero.
Features of Python that makes it yet another in the list of kids coding languages are:
- Python is Simple: As compared to other programming languages, Python is easy to learn.
- Python is Easy to install at Home: Python can be installed easily on your home computer/laptop. Kids can practice coding at home, as well.
- Python is Free and Open Source: Python is free to use by everyone. You don’t have to spend on buying the software.
- Python Has Interactive Communities: Many communities discuss Python code problems. These communities are interactive and informative.
- Python Coding Helps Kids with Studies: Learning coding has many benefits for kids. Coding increases focus and concentration. It also helps with improvement in academics. Coding also teaches kids to break down a problem into smaller parts and work on each part. They learn skills of critical thinking.
Created in Brazil, Lua (which means “moon” in Portuguese!) is a lightweight coding language designed to be embedded in applications. It’s a multi-paradigm language, meaning it has a set of general features that can be applied to many issues.
With a short learning curve (like Python), ease of embedding, and rapid execution, it’s an ideal choice when it comes to activities like learning how to code a game.
It’s great for
- Kids and teens who want to pick up a language quickly
- Students interested in game programming
- Getting knowledge in a language that spans careers
- Learning how to make games in Roblox!
9. Teachable Machine
Teachable Machine is an experiment from Google to bring a no-code and low-code approach to training AI models. Anyone with a modern browser and webcam can quickly train a model with no prior knowledge or experience with AI.
Teachable Machine supports models based on images, sounds, and poses. You can use the webcam to capture images or upload existing image files from your machine. The browser simply relies on your machine’s inbuilt microphone to capture 10 seconds of audio samples for sound. You can train models that can detect your hand movements and body poses – all from the webcam.
Our Artificial Intelligence Course For Kids guides them through the process of creating amazing AI models.
The reason why it is one of the preferred kids coding languages is that they can easily train and create AI models because of its following features:
- Gathering the data: This process involves gathering the data we want to train and test as mentioned earlier. The data can be of any type like jpg, png, mp3, mp4, etc. The train and test data should be separately prepared otherwise the tool will not function properly and give improper results.
- Training the model: After data gathering, the next step is to train the model. Training the model can be done either through the default parameters that Teachable Machine provides or one can play with the parameters and tune the model as per his/her choice.
- Testing the model: After the model is trained the next step is to test the model and validate the same on an unknown dataset.
- Exporting the model: The final and interesting step that this tool provides is the provision to export the model that we created. One can download the trained model and visualize the number of hyper-parameters used and no. of neural network layers used to create the model. This helps every naive ML developer to see how to manually create a model and attain good results.
10. Swift Playgrounds
Swift is a robust and intuitive programming language created by Apple for building apps for iOS, Mac, Apple TV, and Apple Watch. It’s designed to give developers more freedom than ever. Swift is easy to use and open-source, so anyone with an idea can create something incredible.
Swift Playgrounds was designed to be a development environment and an education tool simultaneously. The app allows users to download lessons and challenges. Once stored on the iPad, these can be copied and modified without the need for an active internet connection.
The Swift Playgrounds app features a number of basic coding lessons and gamified coding challenges for kids to complete. The interface is tight, clean, and visually pleasing. Definitely, a good try, if not just for the experience alone.
Swift Playgrounds is suitable for beginners and very friendly to children because it requires no coding knowledge. In addition, the fact is that there are more and more children using iOS now, and learning something about Swift on the iPad can help them understand iOS products better. The app’s unwavering commitment to Apple’s flagship programming language means more benefits for iOS users.
For example, the keyboard can satisfy users’ unique needs, and it offers an autocomplete service that can suggest the following few codes children might need. By providing a visual environment that is shown side-by-side with the coding challenges, kids can see the results of their efforts in real-time, giving them a better understanding of what changes to their code could bring and what to do next.
Conclusion: Programming is a useful skill for virtually anyone. It teaches you to think about how a process works. It teaches you to think about the steps that are needed to make a process happen and how to solve problems.
It’s important to remember that every child is different. There is no one-size-fits-all solution to teaching coding for kids. Each language will have its benefits and drawbacks. The important thing is that kids learn the concepts behind the programming, such as the logic behind writing code, how to use constructs, and tricks of the trade.


MES/Q0507Storyboard Artist:UNIT 1Chapter 1: Story WritingChapter 2: Script Writing UNIT 2Chapter 1: What is Animation – Types of AnimationChapter 2: Principals of AnimationUNIT 3Chapter 1: What is Storyboarding UNIT 1CHAPTER 1 Story Writing:Before we understandhow to write a story for any Animation film/video, lets us first understand thebasic structure of a story.
STORYSTRUCTUREStory structure is about story and plot. It contains thecontent of a story and the form used to tell the story. Story refers to thedramatic action as it might be described in chronological order. Plot refers tohow the story is told. Story is about trying to determine the key conflicts,main characters, setting and events. Plot is about how, and at what stages, thekey conflicts are set up and resolved. Whenever we begin with a new story we mustdefine the foundation first so we need to follow 2 basic steps while writing astory:STEP 1: Fiction or Non fictionThe first step involves the choice thestory.
There are 2 choices1. Fiction: Fiction story isderived from imagination in other words, not based strictly on history or fact.A work of fiction is created in the creative imagination ofits author. The author invents the story on his own and makes up thecharacters, the plot or storyline, the dialogue and sometimes even the setting.A fictional work does not claim to tell a true story. Instead, it immerses usin experiences that we may never have in real life, introduces us to types ofpeople we may never otherwise meet and takes us to places we may never visit in any other way. Fiction can inspire us,intrigue us, scare us and engage us in new ideas.
References:Mr.India(1987) ,Ra One(2011) ,Koi Mil Gaya(2003),Krish(2006)2. Non fiction- Nonfiction stories are true stories based on actual people and events.
Non fictionstories include documentaries, biographies and stories based on history, politics,travel, education or any real world subject matter. Always beaware of the rights involved in making a movie; fictional stories grant youunrestricted access to the material because you are creating it. Non fictionalstories may require you to secure the rights to an idea. Make sure you havepermission to write about the subject matter you are writing. References: Jodhaa akbar (2008), Gandhi (1982), Lagaan: Once Upon aTime in India (2001), Mughal-E-Azam (1960) STEP 2GENREA genre is a category or type of story.
Genrestypically have their own style and story structure, and although there areseveral primary categories, movies can be a mixture of two or three differentgenre.Some common genres include:· Action · Comedy· Crime· Drama· Family· Fantasy· Horror· Musical· Romance· Romantic comedy· Science fiction· Thriller· War· WesternWhen choosing the genre for anindependent film, be aware of the costs and the difficulties of shootingcertain genres like science fiction or westerns, for which the cost of sets, costumesand props may be prohibitive.Step 3 FORMAT Storiescan be told in many different formats, each designed for a different purpose. Themain formats include: Animation is the process of designing, drawing, making layouts andpreparation of photographic sequences which are integrated in the multimedia and gamingproducts. In other words, Animation is the simulationof movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or frames.Cartoons on television is one example of animation. Animation is the illusionof movement created by showing a series of still pictures in rapid succession. In the world of computers, graphic software like Flash,After Effects, MAYA etc.
are used tocreate this effect. Commercials: Commercials are designed to advertise a product or services. Television commercials incorporate a wide range of styles, techniques, and animation narratives into 10, 15, 30 or 60 second time lengths. Commercials are a great way for filmmakers to showcase their style of storytelling and production capabilities and are among the most lucrative forms of production. 3. Documentaries- A documentary is a broad term to describe a non-fiction video production that in some way “documents” or captures reality. Documentaries are intended to study a subject, occurrence, theme or belief in an attempt to either explore the subject or arrive at a conclusion about the subject.
Documentaries can either take on an investigative approach in which the filmmaker tries to answer a question or research a subject and allow the story to unfold during the production. Documentaries can in some instances be inexpensive but time consuming to produce. 4. Feature films- The term feature film came into use to refer to the film presented in a cinema theatre. A feature film is a film (also called a movie, motion picture or just film) with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole film to fill a program. The majority of feature films are between 70 and 210 minutes long. The popular Bollywood films like the ‘3 Idiots’ and ‘Rang De Basanti’ are an example of the Feature Films. Industrial /corporate videos- Industrial/corporate video productions are typically meant for marketing of businesses.
Music videos- These highly stylized promotional videos for music artist are a great way for a filmmaker to explore his creativity using any medium, any style of narrative or performance and artistic editing. 5.Short films- Ideally under 20 minutes, short films are a good way of learning the process of making a movie showcasing your talents and generating interest from investors for future projects.HOW TO WRITE A STORY:Storieshave been told a certain way throughout history. It is a language both thestoryteller and audiences agree upon. First,stories begin by establishing the characters and setting in which the storywill take place, then the problem or conflict appears. The drama of the storybegins when the main character has to figure out how to cope with or solve theproblem.
These three components are considered the basic story structure; eachcan be divided into three distinct parts, called acts. Act1Act1 is the first 30 minutes of the 120 (2 hour) film. The audience is introducedto the main characters, where the story takes place, what the story is aboutand what are the main issues.Act2 Act 2 is the next movement in the story,running an hour, from 30 to 90 minutes and begins from when the conflict isintroduced. Turningpoint – Themost important part of the second act is called the ‘turning point’, whichoccurs at the middle of the story. Act3Act3 is the last quarter of the story, running from 90-120 minutes, wherein theconflict becomes the most difficult for the character and he is forced to usehis skills, wit and ability to resolve or escape from the problem with themaximum possible risk. Thethird act ends with the conclusion of the story when the character resolves theconflict.
Answer theFollowing Questions:Q.1 what is story and how to write a story?Q.2 What is the difference between fiction& non fictional story?Q.3 what is genre? And name any 3 genre youlike the most?Q.4 what is meant by story format? Chapter 2Scriptwriting:Whatis scriptwriting?Once we have written the story the nextstep is to convert this story into a script that can be used to create ananimation/feature film, television production or a video game. A script is adetailed story written in a format that is easy to execute during theproduction of the film.
A script divides the story into scenes and containssuch details as the description of the scene, whether it is daytime or nightwhen the scene is taking place, whether it taking place indoors or outdoors,how many characters are there in the scene, what are they doing in the scene,the dialogues between the characters and so on. The script also describes theemotional impact of the scene; whether the characters in the scene are happy orangry or sad…So we can say that a script is a film or a television productionwritten on paper with all the relevant details.The process of writing a script is known as scriptwriting, also known as screenplay writing and the one who writes a script isknown as the Script writer. AScriptwriter works with the Director of the film/television production whiledeveloping the script.
To summarize, Script writing is the art andcraft of writing the story in a format that makes it easy to shoot it. HOW TO WRITE A SCRIPTBefore webegin to write a script, let’s have a look at a few guidelines -Divide your Story into Scenes: Broadlyspeaking, a Scene is any action taking place in a single location; if thelocation changes, the scene changes. For example, in our story there are twocharacters (characters refer to the Actors), Ravi and Smita and they aresitting in a room talking about their school home work- this in our script isreferred to as one Scene. Now, in our story the two characters go out in thegarden to play- this in our script will be referred to as Scene 2, because thelocation has been changed from inside of a room to outdoors in a garden.
Know your audience: Keepin mind your target audience, so that you know the level of language to beused, the complexity to be developed, etc. Is the audience composed of youngsters,adults or a mixed age group, does it comprise a general or specializedaudience, etc. This will determine your language, the references used, theregional humour etc. Know your medium: Before you start writing your script, it isimportant to know the medium through which the script is going to be presented– whether it is being written for television or for gaming, or as an animation ora live action film. In this module, we shall focus on writing the script for ananimation film, so let’s take a look at the basic difference between a liveaction script and an animation film script.In ananimation script, the action is described in far more detail.
You’veheard the saying, “A picture is worth a thousand words.” Well, the process isreversed for animation scriptwriters. In animation thousands of words are used todescribe a scene/picture. So that means clearly describing action sequences, visualgags, facial expressions, props and locations. That’s in addition to writingthe dialogue and indicating any special sound effects and music the sceneneeds.In liveaction film writing, details like the camera angles and shots are left to thedirector. But in an animated script, you have more freedom to suggestdramatic or cartoony visuals. Say a phone rings.
You might call for aSLOW ZOOM or SMASH CUT to it. Maybe the receiver JIGGLES as the phoneRINGS. Or a loud ring might JOLT the receiver RIGHT OFF THE HOOK.
Maybe to get someone’s attention, it might BONK him/her repeatedly overthe head. Note that animation writers often CAPITALIZE camera moves andimportant images, sound effects and music cues, and use lots ofexclamation marks to show the level of excitement the final product is going tohave: eg.A GIANT FLYING ROBOT zooms acrossthe sky! It EXPLODES! KA-BOOOOOM!!! DRAMATIC STING. -DIALOGUE- Write like you speak: This will make it easier for the targetaudience to relate to the script. Also, it makes the script more vibrant andinteractive, since it appears conversational. Remove the extra elements: Extra elements likeunnecessary detailing, going out of the story line, etc. should be removed, asthey detract from the main flow of the script. This also endangers the mainelements of the script; they might get lost in all the extra things introduced.
Keep the script precise and concise. Flowery language should be avoided; itshould be kept direct as far as possible, unless the script demands otherwise.Active voice, implemented in a clear and brief manner should be preferred. Consistency: The characters’ language, mannerisms, bodylanguage should be consistent, unless the script requires otherwise. Add Humour to the story/script: Humour is an essential part of any animation film. Be innovativewith the story, use your imagination to create funny characters and humoroussituations, think out of the box.
In animation, we are given the freedom toplay around with unrealistic characters and situations, make use of thisfreedom to come up with your strange and funny story line. Keep sentences short and witty: Witty dialogues between thecharacters help in creating humour in the given scene. Best is to keep the dialogues short butwitty and remove superfluous words and repetitions and break sentences into partswhenever possible.Effective use of silence: It is essential to put insilence between dialogue, so as to give listeners time to process the verbalcontent and to watch what’s on the screen. Brief pauses can be put into yourscript by indicating where the dialogue should stop for a moment. Silence orpauses also give you time to accommodate a transition to a new line of thought.
https://www.bloopanimation.com/story-ideas/Elements of a ScriptA script consists of 3 main elements:· Location(Scene Heading)· Action· DialogueLocation(SceneHeading):At the beginning of each scene we must declare thelocation. We do this in the following format:(a) interior (INT.) or exterior(EXT.)? (b) a description of the location (c) is it day time of night time?INT. St.
Xavier’s School Campus – DayLocation description (also known as Scene headings)are left aligned in the script. The Scene Heading tells the reader of thescript where the scene takes place. Are we indoors (INT.) or outdoors (EXT.)? Next we needto name the location, where the action takes place: school campus, living room,etc.
Lastly it includes the time of day – night, day, dusk, dawn… all the informationneeded to “set the scene”. Here are a few more examples of Scene Headings:INT.
Bedroom – morningEXT. Beach – sunsetINT. Office – night – continuous actionEXT. Highway – dawnAction:This isthe place to describe the action that precedes or follows the dialogue. It iswritten without indention below the description of the location. Actiondescribes what the characters are doing, what all ishappening on-screen.
INT. St. Xavier’s School Campus – DayRAVI and SMITA enter the school campus withtwo kittens in their arms Dialogue:When any character speaks, his or her nameappears on the line preceding the dialogue. In screenplays, the name appears ina location approximately in the centre of the line.Indented to the center of the page, the name of the character would be writtenwith capitalletters and the lines of dialogue would be under it, indentedas well.INT. St.
Xavier’s School Campus – DayRAVI and SMITA enter the school campus with twokittens in their arms RAVIAre we late?SMITANo, we are not, butwe are with the kittens!Directions for the Dialogue should be in parentheses andplaced before the desired line. Parentheses are the additional directions give inbrackets. INT. St. Xavier’s School Campus DayRAVI and SMITA enter the school campus with akitten in their arms RAVIAre we late?SMITA(Looking at thekittens)No, we are not, butwe are with the kittens!Besides these, let’s also take a look at a fewmore points that make up a Script Format:ExtensionExtensions are technical notes placeddirectly to the right of the Character name that denotes HOW the character’svoice is heard. For example, V.
O. means ‘voiceover’.TransitionIt means the change of the scene where theaction seems to blur and refocus into another scene, and is generally used todenote a passage of time. Commonly used transitions are FADE-IN, FADE-OUT,CUT-TO etc.ShotA shot is whatever the camera sees.
Forexample, a wide shot would mean that we see every character that appears in thescene, all at once. (refer to the chapter on)https://www.wikihow.
com/Write-Movie-ScriptsAnswer thefollowing questions:Q1. What is meantby Script Writing?Q2.What are thebasic elements of a Script? Q3.How to write aScript? What is the format Scripts are written in?Q4. Explain anythree guidelines necessary to write a Script?Q5. Write a shortstory and convert it into a Script?Unit2Chapter 1What is Animation?Animation is a way ofmaking a movie from manystill images.
The images areput together one after another, and then played at a fast speed to givethe illusion of movement.Animation is arelatively new art form, and though the concept of moving images has been atheme throughout ancient civilizations, it was not until late into the 19thcentury that experimental animation truly began. Today, the industry ofanimation is booming, making up a huge commercial enterprise. However, amongindividual artists, it remains a sacred and unique form of art.
A person whomakes animations is called an animator.Types of Animation· 2D animation· 3D animation What is 2DAnimation? 2D animation is the process of generating in atwo-dimensional artistic space. 2D animation focuses on creating storyboards,characters, and backgrounds in two-dimensional environments. Usually thought ofas traditional animation, the figures can move up and down, left, and right.The 2D animation uses vector graphics and bitmap tocreate and edit the animated images and is created using the computers andsoftware programs, such as Adobe Photoshop, Flash and After Effects. 3D Animation 3D Animation is the process of generatingthree-dimensional moving images in the digital environment. It is a type ofanimation that uses computer generated images to create animated scenes.
Manipulation of 3D models or objects is carried out within the 3D software forexporting image sequences giving them the illusion of movement and animation.However, this is entirely based on the technique used for manipulating theobjects. There is a difference between 3D and 2D animation.The procedure of generating 3D is sequentiallycategorized into three main sections, and these are modeling, layout andanimation and rendering. There are several software’s available for 3d animationlike Autodesk Maya, Autodesk Max etc.
Modeling isthe phase that describes the procedure of generating 3D objects within acertain scene. Layout and Animation phasedescribes that the process followed for animating and positioning the objectswithin a certain scene. Rendering describedthe result or output of completed computer graphics. The process of productionis completed with the careful combination of the sections mentioned above andalso some other sub-sections. Difference between 3D and 2Danimation 2D ANIMATION 3D ANIMATION · 2D Animation means two dimensional movies. · 3d Animation means 3 dimensional movies.
· 2D Animation is a flat animation and comprises of only X axis and Y axis. X and Y refer horizontal and vertical (X and Y) dimensions respectively. · 3D animation comprises of X axis, Y axis and Z axis. X, Y and Z refer to height, width and depth respectively.
· 2D animation EVERYTHING is drawn · 3D objects, once modeled, can be treated almost as a physical object. Most of the work would be done in 3d application tools · “Moving the camera” in 2D means drawing everything from another angle. · “Moving the camera” in 3D is simply dragging it to another position to see if you like it better. · Adobe After Effects, Adobe Flash Professional, Motion, ToopBoom, and Anime Studio are some of commonly used software used to create 2D animation. · Autodesk 3Ds Max, Autodesk Maya, Cinema 4D, Houdini, ZBrush, and Blender are some of commonly used software used to create 3D animation.
2D Animation Examples: · The Jungle Book · Tom & Jerry · Little Krishna 3D Animation Examples: · Toy Story · Shrek · The Incredible · Jurassic Park (Dinosaurs) · The Transformers (Robots) Answer thefollowing questions:Q1. what is meant by animation?Q2. what is 2D Animation?Q3. What is 3D animation?Q4.
Name any three differences between 2Dand 3D Animation?Q5. Name any two 3D applications/softwares?