The Johann Christian Bach Viola Concerto in C minor plays a significant role in the student viola repertoire. The research presented is intended to serve as a resource to teachers who are preparing viola students for the study and performance of this work. First, historical context is given and the mysterious origin of the concerto is stated and explored. Second, the skills required before approaching the piece are outlined in addition to the benefits of the study of this work. Through this project report, students and teachers will gain a better understanding of the J.C. Bach/Casadesus Viola Concerto and why it is a vital piece in the viola repertoire.
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|Commitee:||Hickman, Roger, Moerschel, Josephine|
|School:||California State University, Long Beach|
|Department:||Bob Cole Conservatory of Music|
|School Location:||United States -- California|
|Source:||MAI 54/05M(E), Masters Abstracts International|
|Subjects:||Music, Music education|
|Keywords:||Bach, J. C., Casadesus, Pedagogy, Viola concerto|
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Physical therapy is normally thought to help recover from injury or strengthen muscles that are underdeveloped. While this thought is not wrong, there are many more uses for physical therapy. At Rebuilding Champions, we have started our Pediatric Sports Therapy program to help kids develop their muscles, develop body awareness and increase their control of their bodies. Many children have difficulties with body awareness and development that will leave them appearing clumsy, uncoordinated, or have delays in motor skill development. Our unique physical therapy program uses five great tips to help their engagement and growth to make physical therapy more fun.
Proprioceptive input, or heavy work activities, gives our muscles and joints information about how our arms, legs, head, and trunk move. Weight bearing activities are technically proprioceptive input. Activities like wheelbarrow walking, jumping, stomping your feet, push-ups, pushing and pulling, carrying heavy objects, etc. are great examples of how to use this type of input to help child development. We make these workouts fun with obstacle course-like setups to help children work this type of input.
Games like Simon Says helps children gain both spatial and body part awareness. We start with simple actions like touch your toes and then increase the difficulty to make them touch their right knee and left elbow. This complex movement helps them identify muscle group movement and helps work on coordination while having fun.
This involves group sessions where children are matched up with a partner. When one person moves the other copies their movement exactly. Children can try to mimic poses of different movements with body position cards to help them with different poses. This allows children to see their movements on another child to help identify their muscles to movements.
Obstacle courses are a great way to increase a child’s spatial awareness. Throughout the course, they will be required to duck under, jump over, and maneuver through various obstacles to reach the end. Our kids love this drill and try to compete against one another.
Balance is another great way to increase muscle control and development. We like to play games using balancing balls to get the kids to work on balance while maintaining peak fun. It’s


Elementary school teachers teach, educate and instruct young children in basic subjects such as maths, English and science. Throughout their working day, they teach students how to interact with each other and overcome learning difficulties. Elementary school teachers also enforce classroom rules and behaviour, and they supervise children during lunchbreaks and playtime. Teachers grade students’ assignments and prepare them for tests and exams.
Some nights and weekends
Elementary school teachers work indoors in school classrooms, and spend time outdoors during playtime or physical education.
Being an elementary school teacher can be rewarding as you observe the development of a student. It can also be stressful and tiring as you deal with several children at once, especially those who are disobedient. This job, therefore, requires patience.
Some teachers work alongside teaching assistants and other members of staff, and they use a lot of textbooks and computers to teach certain concepts and classes. They will often work evenings and weekends to grade papers and plan lessons.
Annual salary estimates are based on percentile wage data collected through the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey of US workers.
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Elementary school teachers require at least a bachelor’s degree in elementary education (BElEd). Some states require teachers to major in a specific area, such as maths or science. Other states require a master’s degree.
Those with just a bachelor’s degree in a specific subject can complete a teacher education programme to obtain certification to teach.
All aspiring elementary school teachers must be licensed and certified for the grade level they wish to teach. To maintain their licence or certification, teachers must complete professional development classes. Private school teachers typically do not need a licence.
With the appropriate experience and education, elementary school teachers can progress to become heads of department, assistant principals or principals. They might also advance their careers by mentoring new teachers, becoming lead teachers, school counsellors, school librarians or instructional coordinators.
Some teachers gain qualifications in certain fields so they can teach specialised subjects in high school.


There are numerous, many different environmental science truthful tasks that can be carried out in a large variety of settings with a equally massive number of organisms and objectives. The Education Development WorkplaceÂ as the unit of the Ministry performs duties related to the work of the knowledgeable councils for training, participation within the network (Eurydice), the analysis of the schooling system, the preparation of primary parts for analysis and development associated to pre-faculty, major, secondary and better schooling, grownup schooling, music education, and training programmes for children and young individuals with special wants.
Science practices, content knowledge and pupil thinking are on the center of this New Jersey Mathematics and Science Partnership programÂ to prepare K-eight trainer leaders to serve as Science Ambassadors, helping to improve science teaching and learning within their communities.
College and vocational faculty graduates face a world reworked by expertise which in flip transforms the workplace from process-based to human-centered traits. Science honest tasks can be accomplished on your own. Taber, Ok. S. (2007) Enriching College Science for the Gifted Learner, London: Gatsby Science Enhancement Programme.
It is designed to provide information to show Manitoba students to the complexity of issues related to Lake Winnipeg and, by means of science investigations and drawback-primarily based approaches to learning, to encourage college students to develop choice-making abilities associated with the ecological and social dynamics of the Lake Winnipeg setting.
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This can be a science venture to check if fluoride truly protects your teeth from harsh beverages we eat and drink each day. The JESEH welcomes any research papers on schooling in science, atmosphere and well being using methods from and purposes in any technical information area: unique theoretical works, literature critiques, analysis reports, social issues, psychological points, curricula, studying environments, book reviews, and evaluation articles.
With a Bachelor’s degree in training science you learn to work and suppose in a multidisciplinary method. College students Learning Difficulties in Science. STEP #three: Make It Presentable Nicely introduced science projects make the first impression on lecturers. As a scholar on the Bachelor’s degree programme in training science, your teaching will fluctuate significantly.anonymous,uncategorized,misc,general,other
Schooling Science, Proof, And The Public Good
Science fair initiatives needs to be original in scientific ideas and should provide you with new methods to solving an outdated downside in a more moderen or better method.
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An excellent science fair undertaking is an concept that drives the scholar in a journey of discovery motivated by curiosity. Whereas social sciences and education science are included (however not the liberal arts!) within the US definition of STEM which follows the guidelines of the Nationwide Science Foundation, the German (near) equal MINT – Mathematics, Information science, Natural sciences, Expertise – is extra slender.
This placement will prolong your studying in regards to the nature of Science and Arithmetic, and will allow you to experience authentic activities in one or both of these disciplines. There are a number of ways to get to know the Grasp’s programme Educational Science and Technology.
Dissection is just one of many approaches to teaching science that creates a lasting impression in the thoughts. The programme provides you with the broad experience required to work in a variety of academic settings, together with schools, museums, governance, organizations that develop academic materials, and educational advice services. The module will enable college students to discover the presuppositions of epistemology and thoughts concerned in a variety of academic questions.
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Zoology is the side of science that deals with the research of the animals’ evolution, habitat and conduct. The administration of the College of Illinois are nonetheless observing the progress of the modern means of studying and the inhabitants rate of the speed of the students who will be enrolled this type of instructional learning system of their space or across the globe.


How will the noble profession of teaching be changing in the next decade? Can the nation’s schools improve student health and well-being? Is the era of high-stakes testing on the way out?
For its 90th anniversary celebration, the School of Education and Human Development (SEHD) is planning a panel discussion on key trends that will be shaping education in the 2020s. Several South Florida education experts will participate in the event, which will be held later in the school year and be open to the community.
“This is a transformative time in higher education, and our school can help shape the changing landscape,” said Laura Kohn-Wood, dean SEHD. “By drawing on the lessons from our school’s long history, and understanding current trends, we can better prepare our students for rewarding careers in teaching, counseling, coaching and other educational professions.”
The “community conversation” will be one of the highlights of the year-long celebration, “Looking Back, Looking Forward,” for the University of Miami School of Education, which was formally established in 1929.
“As we celebrate our 90th anniversary our energies are focused on recalling the history of the school and offering an array of celebratory events for alumni, students, friends, faculty and staff members,” said Kohn-Wood.
Looking back, Kohn-Wood said the school’s first classes were offered by five departments: Education, Elementary Education, Health Physical Education & Recreation, Industrial Education and Vocational Education. “Our current structure reflects those fields,” said Kohn-Wood, noting the SEHD’s three departments: Teaching and Learning (TAL), Kinesiology and Sport Sciences (KIN), and Educational and Psychological Studies (EPS).
Now, the school is taking time to reflect on timely issues facing today’s educators, said Kohn-Wood. For instance, advances in educational technology are providing classroom teachers with new tools to engage students with diverse learning styles. However, adoption rates for applications like virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are well below their potential deployment in schools.
Another issue is the mental and physical health of students, who face an ongoing barrage of stresses in their daily lives. Teachers, counselors and administrators need fact-based strategies to address problems like obesity, bullying, suicide and school security, Kohn-Wood said.
There are also growing concerns about the effectiveness of standardized student testing. “The last round of educational reform put the onus for student performance on teachers and schools,” said Kohn-Wood. “But we have to look at the broader social context, since poverty, family disruptions and poor nutrition play a huge role in students’ ability to be successful in the classroom.”
In the coming year, Kohn-Wood said the school will also strive to increase public recognition of the vital role that teachers play in society. “Without teachers, there would be no doctors, engineers, coaches, psychologists or other professionals,” she said. “Our teachers are responsible to educating the leaders of tomorrow and we need to give them the respect and support they deserve.”


First Grade Readers: Units Of Study To Help Children See Themselves As Meaning Makers, by Stephanie Parsons
This is the sort of book that ought to give someone pause when reading it. A great deal of elementary education involves flattery of young students. This is unsurprising. Early elementary schoolers (as this book is written about) are generally new to reading and writing and in order to encourage them to engage in such tasks, a certain amount of flattery is to be expected. If the teacher goes further along this process than I would prefer, it is because she tends to express a dislike of testing and encouraging a factual knowledge of something and is far more interested in encouraging their children to find their own meaning in texts. Now, this whole aspect of finding one’s own meaning is something that has run rampant in contemporary society with extremely damaging results, and the author appears to be gung ho about supporting this tendency, which suggests that there are some substantial disagreements about the importance of education and the role of external reality in shaping our own mindset. The author, it would seem, is not one of those who places a high value on objective truth, and that limits my own appreciation of her approach.
This book is a short one at just a bit more than 150 page and it is divided into seven chapters that are temporally organized in order throughout the school year. The book begins with a foreword by Kathy Collins and the usual acknowledgments. After that the author introduces the subject of reading and how it can be celebrated and encouraged for young learners. After that the author encourages teachers to turn their students into a community of readers through a great deal of subtle manipulation and flattery (1). The author then moves to helping encourage teachers to show students how to make sense of letters (2) and to use the developing skills in reading to bring books to life (3). After that there is a discussion on encouraging young readers to read with a wide-awake mind (4) with the purpose of learning (5). Discussions on speaking and acting out what is read encourage young people to sound like readers (6) when talking about books and then encourage the teacher to plan for independence and summer reading (7), after which there are appendices with handouts (i) and websites to help foster the habit of reading (ii).
By and large, there are some things that even a wary and suspicious reader like myself can take from this book and appreciate. Certainly as a prolific reader I am appreciative of those who encouraged me to read and learn and to become the sort of independent-minded person I am when it comes to thinking–something not everyone appreciates. Even so, it is hard to know what aspects of this book spring from a genuine love of seeing people read and learn and grow and what parts spring from a desire to encourage a certain sort of person who values their own subjective opinion and thinking more than objective reality as it can be recognized and understood by others. Ideally, we should be aware of both our internal subjective reality and cultivate our creativity and our God-given talents as well as be aware of the external state of the world outside of us that exerts its pull on us, however much we may dislike it. Yet it seems all too easy to either grade according to objective facts that are easy to regurgitate but that do not blossom into deeper love or passion or to encourage individual interpretations that are fanciful and not particularly on point as a way of flattering others into thinking they are more insightful than they actually are. This book is clearly in the latter camp.


Group activities and active play ranging from old-fashioned games like Ring-a-Round a Rosie or catch to nature walks and leaf collecting in the Fall all provide much needed social interaction along with basics such as language practice and gross motor skill development.
If you are working at home with one child, look for opportunities to organize a small group of children in roughly the same age range to meet up and go outdoors every morning before you begin your indoor teaching routine. Ending the day with an additional outdoor activity will be a great boon to your homeschooling day, too.
As you put together your day at home (or at school), you can figure out the best times for scheduling outdoor or active play (sometimes in bad weather, we use active indoor games). Are children particularly restive during certain times? If you are at school, do a lot of parents show up late in the morning, interrupting the quiet morning work routine? Strategic placement of active breaks can help the flow of the day and prepare children for quiet indoor work.
Encourage Exploration and Creativity
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Classroom management is an essential issue regarding a better classroom learning environment. It includes classroom rules, classroom ideas, and classroom management strategies. Classroom management strategies help and support the students in making up their academic performance. Study support requires a better classroom set up along with other audio-visual aids. Managing a study provoking classroom to
Category: Classroom Management Strategies
Classroom decoration ranked high learning places in civilized societies. They play an important role in child learning process and development. Humanity focuses on the role of classrooms in history. A Short History of Classroom Decoration In the ancient civilizations of Roman, Greek, and Arabian origin, the classroom organization got focal importance in the academic scenario.
Defining quality in kids’ education is a crucial and challenging task. Preschool classrooms set up play an important role in improving the quality of education. In fact, quality in early education prepares the kids for success in elementary education. The kids will not be able to face the social and academic challenges in latter life
Kindergarten literally means garden of kids’. It is an education system for young children age 3 to 6. The kindergarten teacher is the backbone of this education system. This system was firstly introduced in the USA. kindergarten education system comprises such methods, activities, and skills which are necessary for the children at an early age
Teaching strategies are techniques to convey information to students. Some strategies work very well to boost learning performance in the classroom. The teacher should care about students’ performance and results. Teachers are key players who shape the learning environment and motivate students to learn. Teaching strategies make a teacher great. Many teachers want to become
Early childhood education is considered the primary and fundamental right of every child across the world. In fact, children are the future of every nation. The quality of early childhood education plays a key role to improve the living standard of families and communities. It opens the door of success for all boys and girls.


I was just re-reading this old article from a 2005 issue NAEYC’s Young Child magazine, written by Susan Neuman and Kathleen Roskos, leading researchers in the field of early literacy. The emphasis of the article was on the importance of creating meaningful experiences through which children can truly engage in the process of acquiring early literacy skills. In reference to the 1998 joint position statement created by NAEYC and the International Reading Association outlining developmentally appropriate practice in literacy instruction, the authors write:
“The research-based statement stresses that for children to become skilled readers, they need to develop a rich language and conceptual knowledge base, a broad and deep vocabulary, and verbal reasoning abilities to understand messages conveyed through print. At the same time, it recognizes that children also must develop code-related skills” (phonological awareness, the alphabetic principle, etc.). “But to attain a high level of skill, young children need many opportunities to develop these strands interactively, not in isolation. Meaning, not sounds or letters, drives children’s earliest experiences with print. Therefore, the position statement points out that although specific skills like alphabet knowledge are important to literacy development, children must acquire these skills in coordination and interaction with meaningful experiences (Neuman, Bredekamp, & Copple 2000).”
How do you promote a culture of literacy, ensuring that children are learning elements of literacy within the context of meaningful experiences? Here are some ideas I had. I’d like to hear about yours in the comments as well.
- Read, read, read. Read books together, taking time to talk about what the words mean, how the characters feel, and what might happen next. Point out words or letters that are particularly meaningful. (“Can you find a ‘W’ like the one at the beginning of your name?” “It says ‘stop’ four times on this page! Here’s one. Can you find another?”)
- Play with words. Incorporate words — spoken and written — into play. Have print-rich props (menus, phone books, signs) and encourage writing with paper, pencils, typewriters, chalk boards, and clipboards. In addition to incorporating literacy into your dramatic play, try playing games with the sounds in the words you use as well. For example, stretch out the sounds in words (phonemes) and see if your children can put the words back together to discover the mystery word. (“Put your hand on your h-ea-d.”)
- Find it all around. Find letters on your cereal boxes, words on signs, and rhymes that fall into place in a a book or in your regular conversations. Involve children in the many ways we interact with words each day. Cut words or letters from packaging and create a word wall or letter file.
- Write it down. Let children see you writing words. Dictate their stories, label your room, send them notes, create lists, write out recipes, and post the words to songs. Even if you think your children don’t read, they are building connections between what they see, hear, and experience.
- Talk, talk, talk. A child’s vocabulary is the key to finding meaning in their experiences with words. Invite genuine conversations with your children. Use new words and talk about their meanings or illustrate their meanings within your conversation by using synonyms. Talk with children instead of at them. Develop ideas and explore new possibilities. Quality conversations mean you speak up instead of talking down to kids.
How do you create meaningful experiences while building literacy in the children you love and teach?
You may also enjoy reading the series: Why Don’t You Teach Reading: A Look at Emergent Literacy
Top photo by Aline Dassel.


How the Human Ear Works Facts for Kids Video
How the Human Ear Works
Human ear is an organ in the body that collects sounds, processes them and then sends the sound signal to the brain. Hearing is not the only job our ears are involved in. They do a lot of other things like: – helping us to keep our balance.
Sections of Human Ear: –
Ear is made of three different sections: –
- Outer Ear: – It consists of ear canal, ear drum and the pinna.
- Middle Ear: – Middle ear consists of ear drum, malleus, incus and stapes.
- Inner ear: – This section of ear consists of the auditory nerve, cochlea and the brain.
Sound waves enter the ear canal and make the ear drum vibrate. This causes movement in all the small bones in the middle ear. The membrane window of the cochlea gets knocked by the last bone and the fluid in cochlea starts moving. A response in the hearing nerve is triggered by this movement.
Quick Facts: –
- The inner ear is called cochlea because of its spiral shape.
- Earwax is the messy, sticky stuff that protects the ear canal. It contains some chemical that fight off various infections.
- Ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes) are the tiniest, most delicate bones in human body.
- Sound is a progressive acoustic wave or a series of variations in air pressure.
- A neural or cochlear hearing loss is known as sensorineural hearing loss. It can be caused by various things like old age or loud noise.
- The outer ear gathers all the sound waves and sends them to the eardrum that starts vibrating.
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CAREER PATHWAYS are groups of occupations that share common foundational skills and the types of education/training programs that prepare people for entry into those occupations. Pathways help students and job seekers see how they can move from one occupation to another - typically to a higher-paid occupation - by developing their skills and improving their qualifications.
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Carmen Medina, associate professor in the Literacy, Culture and Language Department, has received funding for a project to enhance and develop teacher skill and knowledge in the area of critical literacy with young critical readers and writers. She called the project significant, given that most educational initiatives in Puerto Rico respond to U.S. mandates such as “No Child Left Behind” or “Race to the Top” and tend to come with approaches and materials for teaching and learning to become literate that do not consider the cultural uniqueness of been Puerto Rican.
“In our work we want to foreground and establish connections with Latin American and Caribbean communities focusing on the powerful array of children’s literature available in Spanish that explore different social struggles,” she said. “We want to shift the lens to reclaim a space as literacy educators who can read the word from another perspective as socially and culturally situated.”
Medina will partner with Maria del Rocío Costa, a professor at the University of Puerto Rico on the project. Medina said she and Costa have been collaborating on critical literacy research projects for the last ten years. During the duration of the project, set to take four years, they will work with a cohort of pre-service teachers at the University of Puerto Rico through their last year taking literacy methods courses, their student teaching year and as first-year teachers.
“We want to do this particular research because it brings together multiple aspects of our previous critical literacy work such as working with pre-service teachers and working in elementary classrooms with teachers and children,” Medina said. “Furthermore, we always wanted to have an opportunity to have enough resources to develop a literacy curriculum grounded in children’s literature in Spanish to support novice teachers in local schools.”
Although there is an abundance of research that provides portrayals of preservice teachers, teachers and children working on critical literacy curriculum, Medina said there are not much information on how to support pre-service teachers in teacher preparation programs, their student teaching or their first year of teaching.
“Teaching and learning methods that support children critical comprehension and interpretation is really important in order to engage with the many of the social, economic and political issues Puerto Ricans currently face,” she said. “The long term support preservice teachers will receive in this project will help us better understand the challenges and possibilities of these kind approaches to literacy development.”
Recent statistics show that in 2015, 85% of the children who entered public schools in Puerto Rico lived below poverty levels. Medina pointed out that number reflects data before Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico.
“It is concerning to think what that number might look like now,” she added. “When I think of Puerto Rico as a colonial territory of the United States, I feel responsible to think my work at IU is helping improve the educational conditions of children there in ways that could bring new hope for social change.”
The project is in collaboration with the IU Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CLACS), and will be funded through a Title VI grant from CLACS.


These coded book collections (using letters, colors or numbers) are all the rage in many schools. The idea is for kids to find “just right” levels of books to read, based on an assessment from the teacher. For independent reading, we want kids to be able to read almost all the words without struggle. We usually push them one level higher during small group instruction when the teacher can support and assist. Some teachers do this in their individual classrooms and some schools have entire school libraries set up this way. If your reading program includes this approach, you may want to rethink it. There are question marks about this approach which may indicate it is actually holding our kids back. Perhaps we should instead focus on helping kids find books that are worth reading in their minds. Interest in a subject is a powerful thing. If you have ever seen kids fighting to read Harry Potter books, which could be way above their “just right” levels, you know what I mean. Maybe next year we might focus on helping our kids get excited about a book - any book - regardless of the level.
Explicit Phonics Instruction
The evidence has been clear for a long time on this topic. We need to include systematic, explicit phonics instruction in our K-2 classrooms. Older kids in need of remediation, special ed students and English language learners can benefit from phonics instruction during latter elementary school years and beyond. But here’s the problem. Many teachers only rely on the phonics built into a basal reader or simply have a “word study” or “working with words” center in their classrooms. If you have a basal series, you likely ignore much of the phonics instruction that is built into the lessons. AND, in many basal series, phonics instruction is spread out across all of the elementary years. Students don’t get the explicit instruction when they need it; during the critical time when they are just beginning to read. If you are using a “balanced literacy” approach you likely have a center in your room dedicated to phonics. But, you are not likely to provide systematic, explicit instruction in phonics. In all cases, you have probably not taught a critical phonics skill; syllabication. The omission of this skill in most phonics programs and approaches is startling. We have to teach kids how to break a newly encountered word into its parts because we can only decode one syllable at at time. This skill must be taught well if we want kids to get beyond a 2nd grade reading level.
If we want kids to become great readers, we need to expose them to content they cannot yet read. For young elementary students, this means we have to incorporate listening into our curriculum. Think about read aloud time in your classroom. Are you strategic in your selections? Do you use this time to increase exposure to topics in science and social studies? Do you read complex text to students - more complex than they can read themselves? As teachers and parents, we often think about reading aloud to our kids as a fun activity. And it should be. But we should also use this precious time to share information about the world that will spark their imaginations, engage them in meaningful conversations, and introduce them to words and texts they would not otherwise know.
Reading workshops can be a great part of literacy instruction. Kids love this time when they discuss literature with their peers. Teachers love this time when kids can work independently so they can focus on small groups. But...if this is the only time kids are grappling with comprehension issues, it can lead to a suppression of text complexity. In order for students to stretch in their understanding of more and more complex texts, they need support from someone who can help them make sense of it. The biggest growth in comprehension comes when kids are supported in reading texts that are MUCH more complex than they could read independently. We have to make sure we are sharing texts with our kids that are worth reading and support them to engage successfully with the texts. This is how they become better readers.
Reflect, Reflect, Reflect
Is it working? How do we know? There seems to be way too much data that may or may not lead to improvement. How can we easily understand if kids are making good progress? Too many assessments sometimes complicate our understanding and rob us of instructional time. All we need to know is how much our kids are reading and what they are choosing to read. If they are choosing more complex texts (assuming we don’t confine them to levels) and enjoying them, they are making good progress. That is really all we need to know. We may want to consider focusing on reading logs and reading conferences more than other assessments to get at the heart of reading. This will help us understand if kids are becoming more confident and joyful readers.


Resources › For Educators Recommended Reads for High School Freshmen A Complete 9th Grade Reading List Share Flipboard Email Print duncan1890 / Getty Images For Educators Elementary Education Reading Strategies Classroom Organization Becoming A Teacher Assessments & Tests Secondary Education Special Education Teaching Homeschooling By Esther Lombardi Literature Expert M.A., English Literature, California State University - Sacramento B.A., English, California State University - Sacramento Esther Lombardi, M.A., is a journalist who has covered books and literature for over twenty years. our editorial process Esther Lombardi Updated October 23, 2019 These are a sampling of the titles that often appear on high-school reading lists for 9th grade, as they encourage independent reading and are written at a level appropriate for a high school freshman. Literature programs vary by high school, but the books on this list are important introductions to literature. Perhaps most important, these works can help students develop stronger reading and analysis skills that they'll be required to call on throughout their secondary education, as well as in college courses. Recommended Works for a 9th Grade Reading List 'All Quiet on the Western Front' This 1928 novel by Erich Maria Remarque is set in World War I. Through narrator Paul, the novel offers a close-up image of war and explores combat's effect on soldiers as well as nationalism. 'Animal Farm' Written by George Orwell, this 1946 classic is an allegory for the Russian Revolution and Soviet push toward communism. 'Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee' "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee" was published in 1970. In it, author Dee Brown critically describes the effects of expansion and Native American displacement in early America. 'The Good Earth' This 1931 parabolic novel was written by Pearl S. Buck. It uses Chinese culture to explore the destructive relationship between wealth and traditional values. 'Great Expectations' One of literature's famous classics, Charles Dickens' "Great Expectations" uses a coming-of-age narrative to simultaneously discuss the desire for social, economic, educational, and moral self-improvement. 'Great Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe' Consider this collection a "greatest hits" of Edgar Allan Poe. It includes 11 stories and seven poems including "The Tell-tale Heart,' "The Fall of the House of Usher," and "The Raven." 'Hound of the Baskervilles' "Hound of the Baskervilles" is one of Authur Conan Doyle's most popular "Sherlock Holmes" stories and a great example of a mystery novel. 'I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings' This iconic autobiographical novel was written by Maya Angelou and published in 1969. In "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" Angelou tells her story of growing up and confronting racism, segregation, and displacement. 'The Iliad' The classics are important, and "The Iliad" is about as classic as they come. This Ancient Greek epic poem by Homer tells the story of Achilles in the Trojan War. 'Jane Eyre' A quintessential female coming-of-age story, Charlotte Brontë's "Jane Eyre" combines multiple genres and explores love, gender relations, and social class. 'The Little Prince' "The Little Prince" was written by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and published in 1943. Though disguised as a children's book, the novella discusses mature themes of loneliness, friendship, love, and loss. 'Lord of the Flies' This 1954 dystopian novel was written by Nobel Prize-winner William Golding. It uses the story of a group of boys landing on a deserted island as an allegory for the challenges of building civilization. 'The Odyssey' Another Homer epic poem, "The Odyssey" depicts the heroic quest of a fighter returning home from battling in the Trojan War. It takes place after "The Iliad." 'Of Mice and Men' Through the 1930s tale of mentally disabled Lennie and his caretaker, George, this John Steinbeck novella suggests the impossibility of the American Dream. 'The Old Man and the Sea' Published in 1952, Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" uses the story of a determined fisherman to explore both pride the honor of struggle. 'Slaughterhouse-Five' This 1969 novel by Kur Vonnegut features the story of World War II soldier, Billy Pilgrim. It centers on themes of fate and free will, warfare, and freedom. 'To Kill a Mockingbird' In Harper Lee's 1960 novel, "To Kill a Mockingbird," we see children maturing away from their inherent innocence after being confronted with hatred, prejudice, and ignorance for the first time.


Music Education Resources
BPO Pre-concert Prep Video
Music Education Resources on the Web
- New York Philharmonic Kids – A great site where you can do all kinds of fun activities, including various games for composing your own music, a lab to invent your own instruments, and plenty of more fun things to explore.
- Dallas Symphony Orchestra Kids – You can have all kinds of music fun with this great site from the DSO. Learn about famous conductors and then test your knowledge playing Beethoven Baseball, or color in a composer.
- Kids Public Radio – An ad free, commercial free online radio station for kids, with channels for lullabies, stories, and songs written for and by young people.
- Classics For Kids -You can learn a lot about classical music here, with a featured composer each month, interviews with various professional musicians about what they do, and plenty of great resources about instruments and music in general.
- SFSKids -The San Francisco Symphony’s music learning site for kids and families, with activities like the Music Lab that encourages exploration using basic musical concepts.
- PBS Learning Media – A WNED PBS kids site with resources for music learning.
- ARTSEDGE -The Kennedy Center’s extensive database of music learning resources for educators, families and students.
- IMSLP – The International Music Score Library Project has a vast collection of music scores that have become public domain.
- Institute of Composer Diversity – a database of compositions by composers from historically underrepresented groups
- Naxos -Information on Classical concert etiquette and concert hall traditions
- Teoria – Lessons on music theory and useful exercises for aural skills
- MusicTheory – In depth step by step lessons on everything from the basics to neapolitan chords
- Noteflight – An inexpensive online notation program that allows you to create multiple files and share your work with other composers and songwriters.
- Music Law Resource Guide – A compilation of websites that address copyright and music publishing topics.
Local Music Teacher Associations
- CCMTA – Cattaraugus County Music Teachers Association
- CCMTA – Chautauqua County Music Teachers Association
- ECMEA – Erie County Music Educators Association
- NCMEA – Niagara County Music Educators Association
- NYSMTA – New York State Music Teachers Association
- NYSSMA – New York State School Music Association
- MTNA – Music Teachers National Association


Reading is an absolutely essential skill. That’s why we find ourselves completely stressed out when our own child, or one of the kids in our class, is having difficulty with this. However, it is possible to help your struggling readers become successful by implementing a few specific strategies.
How to Help Struggling Readers
Reinforce Reading Fundamentals
This is key to understanding where your learner is struggling. It’s possible that they just don’t have a solid foundation in reading fundamentals, and this is causing a breakdown in the more advanced skills.
Regardless of age, this will involve starting back with letter and sound recognition. Once you’ve determined that they understand these, add blends and word families into the mix.
At this point, if your learner is making great progress, just keep going. Slowly adding in each level of skill will help you determine if your learner simply needed targeted review or if there is an actual disconnect in these foundational skills.
As long as your learner is building on the initial reading fundamental skills, he can keep adding more advanced skills. If you get to a point where he’s getting stuck, this is where the bulk of his instruction needs to be.
On the other hand, if you discover that he is consistently showing progress, it’s possible that he just needed to strengthen those shaky fundamental skills.
Finding and targeting the point of confusion is necessary for continued learning and reading success.
Encourage Listening to Quality Literature
Another invaluable tip for helping struggling readers is to encourage them to listen to as much quality literature as possible. While this may seem like the opposite of what you want, this is actually one of the best ways to help these learners continue to make forward progress.
Just because a child cannot read well doesn’t mean she shouldn’t have the opportunity to hear quality literature. This may come in the form of read alouds or even audiobooks.
You may be thinking, “How is listening to read alouds going to help struggling readers?”
Well, consider what’s involved in reading. It’s much more than just saying words. Understanding the dynamics of reading includes mechanics, word choice, and semantics.
These are skills that can be improved even while a child is working through the basic fundamentals.
Encourage her to find an author she likes, and have her listen to multiple books by that writer. This is a perfect opportunity to compare and contrast the texts as well as notice the nuances of each piece.
Listening to quality literature is an excellent way to increase reading comprehension, fluency, and understanding of author’s craft.
Be Patient with your Struggling Readers
Trust me when I tell you that this is so much easier said than done.
When you see a friend’s social media post about how their child is reading novels at six years old, it makes you wonder why your kids aren’t doing the same. But as we all know, social media is a horrible comparison trap.
Unfortunately, when it comes to struggling readers, we are already very sensitive. We immediately assume the worst and think our children will be illiterate for their entire lives. When in reality, it is very possible that they just need a little more time for their brains to develop.
Bodies and Brains
Think about it like this. When it comes to physical maturity, we all grow and change at different rates. Consider what our schools would look like if we tried to force our kids to all grow physically at the same rate!
I would have been in the “never going to grow” class because I matured physically much later than many of my peers. Although this may seem like a completely ridiculous analogy, there isn’t much difference between the growth of our bodies and the growth of our brains.
There are many kids whose brains just aren’t ready to be reading at 4 or 5 years old. And if we continue to push them harder and harder, they are going to hate reading. In fact, many children are not fully prepared to read until 8-9 years old.
Being concerned about your child’s ability to read is a natural fear. However, in many cases, reviewing the fundamentals, encouraging them to listen to quality literature, and being patient with the growth and development of their brains will produce the desired reading results.
When their brains are ready, those struggling readers will flourish. They will fly through sounds and blends, and they will enjoy reading because it will no longer be the chore it once was. It will finally be an enjoyable experience.


Rhyming Worksheets - Dot the Rhyme - This Reading Mama
These rhyming worksheets are a fun way to listen for and identify rhyming words. Looking for more rhyming word work? Check out our Interactive Rhyming Word Pages or hop over to our entire collection of printable rhyming activities! *This post contains affiliate links. **The link for the free rhyming worksheets can found at the END ... Read More about Rhyming Worksheets – Dot the Rhyme
FREE Rhyme Time Game Boards - This Reading Mama
Rhyming is such an important pre-reading skill. My almost 4 year old loves playing simple rhyming games wherever we go. I’ve even created a DUPLO rhyming activity for her as well as a Roll-a-Rhyme game. Today, I’m sharing 20 FREE Rhyme Time game boards we have used to continue the rhyming fun! *Free download links ... Read More about FREE Rhyme Time Game Boards
Rhyming Freebie - Twinkle Twinkle
This file contains 20 star cards, to create 10 rhyming pairs. It contains a matching mat for small group or RTI phonics instruction. This activity can be used in a variety of ways... Whole group partner game. Pass out the stars and have children pair up with their rhyming partners. Small gr...
Rhyming Picture Mats - Playdough To Plato
Rhyming is an important step toward reading because it teaches kids to recognize patterns in words – a skill they’ll use when they learn spelling patterns later. Just like the activities included in our rhyming pack, these picture mats are a fun, hands-on way to help build rhyming confidence and skills in no time. Getting Ready The […]
Rhyming Sort - CVC Words
Rhyming Sort - CVC WordsStudents will love practicing reading and sorting rhyming words with this fun, ice cream themed center. This product includes 27 different ice cream scoops with rhyming words written on them and ice cream cones to use as a base for each set. Each cone features a word and corr...
Rhyming Activity for Kids | Interactive CVC Rhyming Words Clip Cards
Are you looking for a resource to teach rhyming? This is a hands-on rhyming, CVC word family and fine motor activity for preschool, pre-k, kindergarten, RTI, SPED, early childhood, and at home learning. This CVC rhyming clip card activity will help you teach kids to identify rhymes.***Please note t...
A Super Silly Rhyming Game That WORKS!
Learning can be fun! Using the proven HeidiSongs multi-sensory method, even preschool age children can easily learn to identify numbers, shapes, sight words.
/F/ /r/ /o/ /g/ = Monkey...right????
Hi sweet friends! I am not sure where the summer has gone but I hope it has been a fun and relaxing one for everyone. I have spent A LOT of ...
10 Best Rhyming Activities For Kindergarten
Are you searching for an interesting nursery rhyming activities for kindergarten? Here are some best rhyme activities to teach your preschooler. Read on!
Why is Rhyming Important? 5 Reasons to Consider | Fun-A-Day!
Rhyming has an important place in early childhood classrooms. But what exactly is it, and why is rhyming important for young children? 5 reasons why.
Down By The Bay: A Rhyming Activity
Here's a fun activity to reinforce rhyming words, while students are able to be creative and silly! This is sure way to get your class laughing! Before doing this activity, make sure you play "Down by the Bay" for your students several times. Once they get the hang of it, students will use the an...
Kreative in Life - Sharing all things education, parenting and travel.
Sharing all things education, parenting and travel.
Rhyme Time Card Game Freebie
This resource is a simple card game that uses picture rhyming cards. It can be played with 3-10 players. Playing it with 5-6 players is super ideal!! I'm always looking for ways to incorporate phonemic awareness games in kindergarten. This one didn't take me long to create and I wanted to share wit...


Software and Material
Curriculum for learning a foreign language on your own and resources to help, such as travel abroad to learn a language.
Language Arts in General
Audio Tapes & CDs
Vendors of books-on-tape or CDs to enjoy while you are traveling or carschooling.
Language Arts Bookstore
Recommended books to help you teach reading and writing at home, available through Amazon.com.
Let’s Go Learn
AN Z TO Z AFFILIATE
Reading and math assessments and courses based on the assessments.
Literature Based Reading Instruction Materials
Suppliers of reading instruction curriculum for sale to homeschooling families.
Magazines 4 Kids
Publications designed with the young reader in mind. Often they allow submission of articles from young authors, too.
Phonics Instruction Materials
Materials to help you teach your child to read via the phonics method.
Reading Level Assessment
Two free assessments to help you figure out the reading level of your child. Several commercial assessment programs and reading courses.
Writing & Sensory Strategies Reading Instruction Materials
Reading curriculum using a writing or sensory method of instruction.
Writing and Composition
Help introducing children to form letters correctly as printing, italics and cursive.
Online classes and other commercial resources to help your young writer.
Mac and Windows, free and commercial software programs to aid in learning to write and keyboard.


ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS (ELA)
Students in PreK-5 receive daily instruction in a comprehensive English language arts program. Students in grades K-5 utilize the Journeys curriculum. The focus of instruction allows for reading both literature and informational texts, for acquiring foundational skills, and for developing mastery of speaking, listening and writing. Instruction for our youngest students begins with identifying letters and their sounds, then teaches students how to blend these letters into words. Specific decoding skills are practiced in small groups.
Language arts instruction in grades 6 through 8 focuses on continuing to develop speaking, listening and writing through study of classical literature and informational text.
Students in each grade have weekly library and are able to check-oud books for personal use. The librarian also educates students on text features and genres to further reinforce concepts taught by classroom teachers. Resurrection's library contains additional resources for classroom learning, such as non-fiction books.


Thanks to public health recommendations regarding COVID-19, many families are spending more time together than ever before. If that’s your situation, then you may be wondering how to maximize your time, especially with your kids. Have you considered taking this opportunity to develop their understanding and appreciation for God as the Creator of all things?
When they grasp that God is our Creator, it lays the foundation for every other biblical truth you’ll want to share with them, including the gospel. If you spend some of this unexpected togetherness teaching creation to your kids, you can rest assured this was time well spent.
Here are some simple and fun ideas you can try during this time of quarantine—and beyond.
Take a nature walk. You don’t have to go far to immerse yourself in God’s creation—even your backyard or neighborhood will do. Bring a magnifying glass or binoculars to help them spot details of God's design they might otherwise miss.
@ICRscience and @ICRdiscovery. Visit those pages to see some of the #ICRkids creation art we’ve already posted!
Take advantage of ICR’s free creation-based activity sheets. We’ve got a word search, color sheets, and educational games. Download them here!
Let your kids choose one That’s a Fact video to watch each day. Our free That’s a Fact videos share one truth about science and the Bible in two minutes or less. Access them here.
Enjoy ICR resources in bite-size amounts. If you have some ICR resources at home, see how you can integrate them into your creation teaching time. (If you don’t have any, visit ICR.org/store to order.) Books in our Science for Kids and Guide to series cover a new topic on every page. Consider reading it aloud together each day. Our DVD series, like Uncovering the Truth about Dinosaurs, are broken into 22-minute episodes. If they watch one episode daily, you can finish most series in just a few days.
Make this time a shared experience. Ask your kids questions, and give them the opportunity to ask you questions. I am amazed at the insightful questions even young kids can come up with. My six-year-old once surprised me when he asked, “If God sent the Flood to judge the world for sin, why do we still have sin in the world today?” If you don’t know the answer to a creation science question, we have thousands of articles on our website ICR.org. Take time to research it together.
I’ve done several of these activities with my kids already, and they seem to really enjoy the creation focus. When we look back on this chaotic quarantine time with our families, I pray we’ll see much good that came out of it. And if we’re intentional with this opportunity, we’ll all know our Creator better because of it.
*Christy Hardy is an editor at the Institute for Creation Research.
Teaching Kids About Creation During Quarantine
Sunflower Heliotropism: August Sunlight for Making Tons of Seeds
August is an important month for sunflowers—those gigantic, bright-yellow flowers with brownish, round seed heads bordered by radiating yellow ligules...
Matthew Maury's Paths of the Sea
Today’s oceanography and meteorology owe a great debt to Matthew Maury. He exemplified the biblical principle that whatever we do, we should do...


Deccan International School
The Arts program was born of an intention to alter common perceptions about non mainstream subjects like music, dance, art or theatre with regard to their values, and their scope as a specialization or a future vocational choice.
At Deccan International School,
our students are encouraged to
discover, explore and give shape
to their individual talents.
Art enables creative expression and helps develop many skills like those of observation, perception, concentration, and a sense of proportion and scale.
It also hones a child’s ability to simplify, stay flexible and to look beyond the obvious. Learning a craft develops patience and motor skills along with enhancing creativity and lateral thinking. The pottery classes teach our students valuable lessons in expecting the unexpected and accepting outcomes that may not be to their liking.
Music Education has been proven to positively impact children’s language development and critical thinking skills. Dance helps develop strength and coordination, and students learn about expressing themselves non-verbally through the use of body language.
Every week, students devote 4 periods of forty minutes each towards learning the arts, the teaching of which is done by visiting faculty who are accomplished in their individual streams. Our students get numerous opportunities to showcase their talents through musical plays and theatre, inter and intra-school competitions and stage performances. We believe that these cultural programs are of immense value for our students as they increase their confidence and broaden their horizons of life skills. After School Programs in Art & Music are also available. At the High School level, students of the ICSE stream can opt for Art as an elective subject while students of the IGCSE can opt for Art and Design. Music Enrichment is part of the school curriculum and students of Grades 5, 6 and 7 can choose to learn any one of the following performing arts for a period of 3 years. At the end of each year of learning, students take the exams conducted by Rabindra Bharati University.
Performing Arts choices for Grades 4 to 12 :
- Dance Forms
- Music – Vocal
- Music Instrumental
- Performing Arts


Leave No Trace Primary Schools
An event every week that begins at 10:00 am on Friday, repeating until May 29, 2020
This project, the ‘Leave No Trace Climate Action Champions’, will focus on the theme of Climate Action in the primary school setting. As with all ‘Leave No Trace’ programmes through experiential learning our experienced Educators will help to raise and strengthen social and behavioural environmental consciousness amongst school children. They will achieve this through a blend of classroom-based and outdoor workshops, getting children actively thinking and involved in the programme.
The Champion programme has been designed and created in partnership with An Taisce. It is specifically aimed at 4th through to 6th year classes in primary schools to provide a fun and engaging environment for children to learn about Ireland’s natural environment, the importance of biodiversity, impact of Climate Change and positive actions they can take. The course has been designed to complement both the primary school curriculum for the Republic of Ireland, and the An Taisce Green Schools programme.


Middle School Curriculum
Rectory's Middle School curriculum is fashioned to be consistent with the School’s mission and its set of beliefs about how children learn. Our students have diverse learning needs, and, within the scope of grade-level learning outcomes and course descriptions, the curriculum is designed to accommodate differentiated learning environments, which are provided through the various class sections in each grade.
The Middle School curriculum is intended to inspire creativity and inquiry while encouraging students to explore new areas of interest, as they progress through the grades.
We foster the development of the whole child by engaging students with a core of foundational skills and competencies in the areas of reading, writing, quantifying, information and digital literacy, thinking, problem-solving, and communication.
Interested in seeing the curriculum based on the academic subject? Click "Filter By Subject" and make your choice.


The Regional Resource Centre for Elementary Education (RRCEE) is pleased to announce the launch of a podcast series on education. The podcast, titled “Dialoging Education” is driven by a vision of generating dialogue in pursuit of an education system that is equitable, democratic, and addresses questions of social justice.
In the second episode S. Anand, co-author of the graphic biography of Dr. Ambedkar ‘Bhimayana’, is in conversation with Vivek Vellanki. He discusses the book, Ambedkar and caste. In this interview, Anand raises pertinent issues that have been evaded in textbooks and dominant discourse.
About the Book
‘Bhimayana’ is a graphic biography of Ambedkar and captures his experiences from childhood and youth. Durgabai Vyam and Subhash Vyam have used the Pardhan Gond art to breathe life into the book and present a departure from the comic conventions of the west. The book is subversive at many levels and deeply insightful. The book can be purchased at bookstores or here – http://www.flipkart.com/bhimayana-experiences-untouchability/p/itmdyv4hq…
The edited transcript of the interview can be downloaded as a PDF.


Our programme for learning follows the principles of the Primary School Curriculum, 1999, Department of Education and Science, National Council for Curriculum and Assessment. Further information on children’s learning for parents can be found at ‘The What, Why, When and Where of Childrens’ Learning in Primary School’ ( www.ncca.ie).
Our school plan is a statement of the educational philosophy of our school, its aims and how it proposes to achieve them. It outlines both curriculum objectives and methodologies and the organisation of the school’s resources, including staff, space, facilities, equipment, time and finance. Our plan covers two main sections, namely curricular and organisational planning. The first outlines the curriculum to be implemented in the school. The second describes a range of policies and practices which largely have to do with the administrative aspects of school life.
Formulation of our school plan is an on-going process and the plan itself is a working document with expert input from teachers, parents, pupils, outside professionals and agencies. It requires regular updating and review in line with DES initiatives and circulars. An example of this is the introduction of the new Primary Language Curriculum, currently available for infants to second class and available for all other classes from 2018.
Curricular Planning Includes:
- An individual plan for each subject area taught
- METNS School Self Evaluation Reports for years 2012-2015
Organisational Planning Includes:
- A range of policies on different organisational and procedural aspects of school administration, e.g. Child Protection, Positive Behaviour, Enrolment, Health and Safety, Anti- Bullying, etc.
- For a comprehensive list of METNS policies see here


The Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education degree prepares you for a career as an elementary or special education teacher. Within this degree, we offer specializations:
Student Learning Outcomes
Student learning outcomes vary by specialization:
CORE Subjects EC-6, Bilingual
- Demonstrate a depth of knowledge of bilingual education;
- Demonstrate a depth of speaking ability in Spanish;
- Effectively apply the competencies of a bilingual education teacher in their student teaching experience.
CORE Subjects, EC-6, Reading
- Provide well-designed instruction and assessment for students from a variety of backgrounds;
- Develop classroom climates conducive to learning;
- Apply in-depth knowledge of processes and practices associated with students’ reading and literacy development;
- Fulfill professional roles and responsibilities.
- Design instruction and assessment, with special emphasis on mathematics, to promote student learning among diverse student populations;
- Provide examples of a positive classroom climate among diverse student populations;
- Determine effective, responsive instruction and assessment, with special emphasis on math;
- Articulate and fulfill professional roles and responsibilities.
EC-12 Special Education
- Demonstrate a depth of knowledge of understanding individuals with disabilities and evaluating their needs;
- Demonstrate a depth of knowledge of fostering learning and development for individuals with disabilities;
- Demonstrate a depth of knowledge of foundations of special education and professional roles and responsibilities of the special education teacher;
- Effectively apply the competencies of a special education teacher in their student teaching experience.
Please see the course catalog for additional information beyond the degree plans linked above. Regularly visit with your academic advisor to make sure you are on the right track with course and certification requirements.
Certification requirements are different from the requirements for your major (although some courses overlap).
For issues or complaints about this educator preparation program, email www.tea.state.tx.us, complaints (located in red banner at the bottom of the home page), or mail to: Correspondence Management, Texas Education Agency, 1701 N. Congress, Austin, TX 78701.


Born in South Carolina to a poor African American family, William H. Johnson (1901–1970) moved to New York at age seventeen. He worked a variety of jobs to pay for an art education at the prestigious National Academy of Design, where he earned numerous awards and the respect of his teachers and fellow students.
Johnson spent the late 1920s in France, absorbing the lessons of modernism. As a result, his work became more expressive and emotional. During this same period, he met and fell in love with Danish artist Holcha Krake. The couple married and spent most of the 1930s in Scandinavia, where he painted portraits of fisherman, landscapes, and the spectacular mountains and fjords in the land of the midnight sun. By the late ’30s, the threat of war and Johnson’s need to “paint his own people" had convinced him to return to New York, where he created powerful scenes of African American life.
Johnson’s later life was plagued by illness, and he spent his final years in a Long Island hospital. After his death, his entire life’s work was almost disposed of to save storage fees but was rescued by friends at the last moment. Over a thousand artworks by Johnson are now part of the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum.


Math That Makes You Think
One of my favorite parts of teaching math is when we have word problems. I’m not a sadistic teacher who enjoys watching my students suffer, I just like math that applies what we’re learning to real life. I remember one assignment we had that asked a question about the cost of food at a restaurant. Some students made a calculation error and found that the orange juice was $110. The crazy part was that they submitted that response for a grade. There are only two reasons I can think of for this kind of a response: Either they have gone to too many baseball games, or they didn’t think much before submitting their responses.
I started making and posting some math videos that I called Math That Makes You Think. I posed some math problems, or showed a proof, and asked the students to respond with their thoughts.
At first, they all asked me what the answer was, but when they realized that I wasn’t going to give them an answer, the wheels in their heads started turning.
I was very impressed by my students’ logical reasoning, as well as their sometimes comically illogical reasoning. I hope that my students master the math content and that it makes them think, but most of all, I hope they never forget to heed the words of Mark Twain who said, I never let my schooling get in the way of my education.
Take a look at those videos, and feel free to add your thoughts in the comments section here.
Eric Buffington teaches high school algebra for K12. He loves to witness his students "light bulb" moments when they understand something they didn't understand before. He has a bachelor's degree in Elementary Education from King's College and a master's degree in Educational Leadership from Wilkes University.


One of the first questions many parents ask during the early years of parenthood is how to develop their child, such that they are primed for pre-school and education beyond. Apart from developing their mental faculties and cognitive abilities, something that parents should never ignore is that of fine and gross motor skills. Developing gross motor skills will help a child improve aspects like balance, co-ordination, strength, and agility. Developing fine motor skills involves more functional aspects such as using one’s hands to perform subtle tasks like tying shoelaces, using keys, or completing puzzles.
Gross Motor Skill Development
Building an infant’s gross motor skills is vastly different than training them in adults. Young children are not ready to perform intensive tasks like lifting weights. Consequently, the tasks they perform should challenge their current physical levels. Pre-school is an important time for children in relation to developing such skills. Encouraging children to paint or draw on large canvases is one way to aid the process while also spurring on creativity. Another popular and effective method for training gross motor skills is pre-school karate classes.
Other activities that you should encourage your child to include jumping, dancing, and skipping. The playground is one of the best places to help your child exercise and develop these skills. As a parent, it is absolutely crucial to schedule visits to the park or playground with your children so that they get the outdoor exposure, social interactions, and supervised play opportunities they require.
Fine Motor Skill Development
Developing fine motor skills is slightly different. These skills can be developed in the comfort of a pre-school and even at home. Activities like playing with play dough, assembling Mega-Blocks or Legos, and making simple arts and crafts can do wonders in developing a child’s fine motor skills. One of the most important things to remember is to encourage your child to use both hands equally when performing these activities, so as to avoid unequal development. Another fantastic way to help children improve their fine motor skills is to encourage them to take up an instrument. Even if they are just toying around on a piano or a guitar, this will vastly increase their finger strength and coordination.
There are several ways in which parents can assist their children to improve their fine and gross motor skills. However, what is important to keep in mind is to be as creative as possible with these activities. If a child becomes bored of a particular activity, it may be wise to try another one, to avoid limiting their physical development.


Year 7 Catch up Premium 2018-19
The literacy and numeracy catch-up premium gives schools additional funding to support year 7 pupils who did not achieve the expected standard in reading and/or maths at the end of key stage 2. Schools decide how to use the additional funding to boost learning and progress.
Total 2018-19 Allocation = £26,910
How we spend the allocation
Students who arrive in Year 7 significantly below the expected standard are targeted with an intervention programme. These students are withdrawn during curriculum time for small group intervention with a Maths specialist Teaching Assistant. The aim of this intervention is to bringing their numeracy skills in-line with their peers within the first term.
- Bespoke reading and literacy interventions led by specialist teaching assistants.
- Phonics programme.
- Accelerated reader project.
- Whole school training to promote literacy, SPAG.
The Phonics Programme
- The Phonics Programme is delivered by one teacher and two Teaching Assistants.
- The interventions are run as small groups and take place periods 1, 2 & 3 every day. Each small group will attend 1 of those periods, every day, for a period of 6 weeks. They are then tested to assess their reading age. If RA is still below required reading age, they stay on the intervention for another 6 weeks. If the desired reading age has been achieved they finish the intervention.
- Students who are a cause for concern will be checked upon towards the end of year 7 and in some cases year 8 also.
- Based on the NGRT reading ages that all year 7s get at the start of the year, anyone who scores aged 11 or below will be tested by our team using the Schonell Single Word Reading Test. If they have a single word reading age of 11.06 years or below they will join the intervention.
- The intervention is delivered in several ways depending on the students needs. It can solely be phonics based or it can incorporate some comprehension (sometimes there is a big discrepancy between the NGRT reading age and single word reading age so this aims to close the gap) but always involves lots of reading, each day.
- Of the 22 students identified for the phonics programme, all students increased their reading age beyond their chronological age.
- The average increase in the students’ reading age was 19 months.
- 22 students we identified with scores of 27 or less ( out of 40) from their KS2 Arithmetic Test.
- Each student took part in a series of 20 minute small group intervention sessions led by a Maths specialist Teaching Assistant. The number of sessions was dependent on the specific needs of the indivdual student.
- The students were tested before the intervention and tested again after the intervention.
- The average score in the initial test was 45%. The average student on the final test was 74% – the is an average increase of 29%.


Art education at San Silvestre aims to provide every student from Early Years to the International Baccalaureate with a platform to express their feelings and ideas about the world they live in with creativity and originality. Research demonstrates that the Arts are crucial for creating well-rounded, well-prepared learners and leaders. We weave the arts into our core classroom curricula as well as teaching specific artistic skills and abilities.
Why learn Art at San Silvestre?
Our teachers of Art collaborate to bring together a wealth of knowledge and understanding about Peruvian and world cultures, art movements, techniques and Art History. The girls have opportunities to visit Museums, Art Galleries; local Artists are invited to come to school, to share their art and to demonstrate techniques.
All teachers of Art employ a wide range of teaching strategies and techniques to correspond with our students’ preferred learning styles thus facilitating emotional and intellectual growth, and creative expression.
Students acquire and employ a wide range of visual arts vocabulary thereby enabling them to speak confidently about their work and the work of others.


It's always fascinating to ask a jazz musician about the experience of improvising. During their spontaneous solos, these remarkable players are producing notes faster than their conscious minds can think of them, and many report their primary effort consists of staying out of their own way.
New brain-scan research, reported in the new issue of the journal NeuroImage, finds a scientific explanation for that quasi-mystical phenomenon.
Meanwhile, a separate study in that same journal examines the brains of teenagers as they listen to music and finds evidence of the strong pull adolescents feel to conform to the preferences of their peers.
For the improvisation study, researchers Aaron Berkowitz and Daniel Ansari studied the brains of 28 people as they improvised five-note melodies on a tiny keyboard. Thirteen were classically trained undergraduate pianists from the Dartmouth College music department. The other 15 were nonmusicians (though some had played instruments for up to three years in the past).
"The two groups showed significant differences in functional brain activity during improvisation," the researchers report. "Specifically, musicians deactivated the right temporoparietal junction during melodic improvisation, while nonmusicians showed no change in activity in this region."
This suggests trained musicians "are entering a different state of attentional focus than nonmusicians as soon as they engage in even the simple act of playing, and that this effect is particularly heightened during melodic improvisation," Berkowitz and Ansari write.
In other words, they effectively blocked out mental distractions, "allowing for a more goal-directed performance state that aids in creative thought."
That ability to intensely focus has a variety of obvious benefits. Indeed, this study could be used as further evidence of the value of maintaining music education in the schools.
Speaking of students, the second study used similar fMRI technology to study the conformist tendencies of adolescents. A research team led by Gregory Berns of the Emory University School of Medicine scanned the brains of 27 youngsters ranging in age from 12 to 17 as they listened to 15-second clips from relatively obscure contemporary pop songs.
During the first round, the adolescents were asked to rate each of the 60 songs on a five-point scale. In the second round, the musical excerpts were replayed, with one crucial difference: Two-thirds of the time, the song's MySpace popularity ranking was flashed onto the computer screen as the music played. Having received this information, participants were asked to rate the song a second time.
"Without popularity information displayed, participants changed their ratings on 11.6 percent of the trials," the researchers report. "With popularity shown, they changed their ratings 21.9 percent of the time."
Why would knowing other people's opinions influence their own? "fMRI results showed a strong correlation between the participants' rating and activity in the caudate nucleus, a region [of the brain] previously implicated in reward-driven actions," according to the paper. "The tendency to change one's evaluation of a song was positively correlated with activation in the anterior insula and anterior cingulate, two regions that are associated with psychological arousal and negative affective states."
The researchers' conclusion: "Our results suggest that a principal mechanism whereby popularity ratings affect consumer choice is through the anxiety generated by the mismatch between one's own preferences and the others'. This mismatch anxiety motivates people to switch their choices in the direction of the consensus."
So, if you're told your peers all like a certain band, but its music doesn't really speak to you, this creates anxiety — which can, and sometimes is, alleviated by deciding you like the group after all. Of course, we eventually outgrow this need to fit in and boldly follow our own paths. Don't we?
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Area and Perimeter Worksheet and Explanation
We’ve structured this information to help children with their education. It is targetted at children in years 5 and 6 and the questions for the worksheet have been stripped from past papers. Having an understanding of area and perimeter is part of the primary school curriculum and children will deal with area and perimeter in both KS1 and KS2.
The Information below will give an overview of the topic and we have included a detailed worksheet with full answers. The worksheet includes 26 area and perimeter questions and is relevant for KS2 pupils approaching their SATS test.
If you are not ready to download the worksheets yet, then read on for some information about area and perimeter. This has provided to introduce the topics covered in the worksheet for those that might be unfamiliar but also as a quick revision tool for those that would like a quick refresher before accessing the worksheet.
Area and Perimeter Explained
Area and Perimeter
Before looking at area and perimeter it is important that we understand the units of distance first and can convert between them. A line is a one-dimensional shape and is usually measured in cm or m. An area is a two-dimensional shape, meaning it has size in two directions – not just one, like a line, and is measured in cm2 or m2. It is important that children understand these two units and their various forms (e.g. mm, cm and m) as well as how to convert between them (1 m equals 1000 mm).
Area is usually measured in cm2 or m2 is a measure of the size of a surface such as a shape or area of land. It is the space inside a boundary of a flat two-dimensional object such as a circle or triangle.
Perimeter is the distance, measured in cm or m, around the edge of a shape or area of land.
How to Calculate the Area of a Rectangle
As we can see by the figure below, this rectangle has sides of length 7cm and 3cm. In order to work out the area we have to multiply the height of the rectangle by the length of the rectangle. This gives us the area of the rectangle 21cm2.
How to Calculate the Perimeter of a Rectangle
Using the same rectangle as above we can work out the perimeter of the rectangle by working out how far we would need to travel around the outside of the shape. If we travel from A to B to C to D and back to A (or ABCD) we will travel around the perimeter of the rectangle – a distance of 20 cm. An easier way to calculate in this case is 2(height + length).
Area and perimeter are taught in KS2, with the concepts of distance being taught earlier in stage to provide the basic skills needed to understand area and perimeter. After this children will be introduced to area, starting with simple shapes such as squares before moving onto formula for working out area and perimeter and irregular shapes as they reach year 6.
Please feel free to download the area and perimeter worksheet and answers. No registration is necessary.


In previous articles I have discussed the importance of the art in the education or in daily activities. If you want to live healthy and fit so you must need to be happy. Every individual has its own things by which he/she can be happy. Well I think there is also some link between the art education and the health because most of people love to make different and innovative things if, they have time. When you took a brush and a canvas to make any art or anything you draw, it helps you to make more creative and innovative.
There are many advantages of the art that help to the kids for crating their mindset, performance, skills and learning. With the use of art you can easily increase your creativeness, imaginations and better thinking ability. For an example you will desire to a imaginative mind and thoughts in any area so creativeness plays a most essential role in the stream of art such as other common languages.
Participating in the drama, dance, music creativity and other curriculum activities also helps in the development of the brain. Art activity also helps in the learning and understanding the other subjects easily. Imagination and thinking practice make the kids learning very easy. Art activity also helps the kid to learn the ways to respect peoples. These activities help to make solve the problems with unique and creative ideas, it enables different ways to child to communicate and interact with new thoughts and ideas.
Through drawing kids can easily learn any new things, or to solve any problem can easily handle with the paper pencil work. This is the simple process which provides you some basic ideas about the art activity. And these kind of activities very much helpful for the kids. Art activities give the kids to understand the human experience. Some kids love to express their feeling, emotions through art. I think is also one of the best ways to show their anger, happiness, emotions and feelings. So, in this post I tried to explain the benefits of the art activities in your child. I hope you will like this post and it helps you to understand all the kids stuff.


PHAR1101 Drugs that Changed the World
- 6 points
Availability Location Mode Semester 2 UWA (Perth) Face to face
- Details for undergraduate courses
- The area of knowledge for this unit is Life and Health Sciences
- Category A broadening unit for Bachelor of Science students where relevant according to the broadening requirements for each student
- Level 1 elective
- Lectures are grouped into 10 modules which focus on a distinct drug of historical significance. These are used as a springboard to subsequent research discoveries which allow the development of even more effective medicines: (1) introducing drugs; (2) alcohol—the oldest drug; (3) ether—the kindest drug; (4) penicillin—the miracle drug; (5) thalidomide—the horror drug; (6) nitroglycerin—the explosive drug; (7) chlorpromazine—the liberating drug; (8) mustard gas—the noxious drug; (9) 'the pill'—the revolutionary drug; and (10) the future of drugs.
- Students are able to (1) understand the broad scientific principles used to establish whether a new medicine has actual versus promised potential in the treatment of human disease; (2) demonstrate awareness of the role played by pharmaceutical innovations in elevating the health of human populations throughout the past century; (3) identify a handful of key drugs that produced significant revolutions in medicine or healthcare upon their discovery or introduction; and (4) show appreciation for the significant social impact that can accompany the use of lifestyle or recreational drugs such as alcohol, as well as conventional pharmaceutical products.
- Indicative assessments in this unit are as follows: (1) end of semester examination; (2) online summative assessments; and (3) drug discovery pioneer assignment. Further information is available in the unit outline.
Supplementary assessment is not available in this unit except in the case of a bachelor's pass degree student who has obtained a mark of 45 to 49 overall and is currently enrolled in this unit, and it is the only remaining unit that the student must pass in order to complete their course.
- Unit Coordinator(s)
- Associate Professor Philip Burcham
- Contact hours
- lectures: 2 hours per week; eTutorials: 2 hours per fortnight
Li, J. J. Laughing Gas, Viagra and Lipitor: the Human Stories Behind the Drugs We Use: OUP 2006
- The availability of units in Semester 1, 2, etc. was correct at the time of publication but may be subject to change.
- All students are responsible for identifying when they need assistance to improve their academic learning, research, English language and numeracy skills; seeking out the services and resources available to help them; and applying what they learn. Students are encouraged to register for free online support through GETSmart; to help themselves to the extensive range of resources on UWA's STUDYSmarter website; and to participate in WRITESmart and (ma+hs)Smart drop-ins and workshops.
- Books and other material wherever listed may be subject to change. Book lists relating to 'Preliminary reading', 'Recommended reading' and 'Textbooks' are, in most cases, available via the Booktopia Textbook Finder, which has the functionality to search by course code, course, ISBN and title, and may also be posted or available at the appropriate school's administrative offices. Where texts are listed in the unit description above, an asterisk (*) indicates that the book is available in paperback.


Why Your Child and Society Needs Montessori Education
We’re all aware of the famous words said by Maria Montessori after World War II, “Establishing lasting peace is the work of education; all politics can do is keep us out of war”
Switch on your TV or pull up a newspaper, you will hear about murders, shooting, and will read about murders and carnages. The disturbing images of violence along with bloody pictures do give nausea, but there’s a message that screams out as well: our young ones are not able to find peace within, nor they have the capability of resolving conflicts.
The education system we are boasting is not addressing the needs of our children. We are rather concerned with higher grades and tests. We and our children are losing the sight that makes us human. On the contrary, we have to be more that instincts and develop hatred. We have to find an education system that teaches peace, abilities to share, care, and find compromising skills.
Montessori education system follows the ideologies that address the needs of child and our society. The peace education in Montessori is rather built on numerous things. Milton Montessori education is devoted in the same path and here’s what makes us or any Montessori system appreciating:
Montessori Learning Environment
- Child Centered Environment – Montessori setting focuses highly on children’s learning and not on the teaching of a teacher. Children learn to work individually and in small or self-chosen groups. There are minimal or no whole group lessons.
- Responsive Environment – Home, school, or anywhere else, the environment should be designed for meeting the needs, abilities, and interests of the child. In Milton Montessori education system the teachers adapt with the community of children and rapidly modify the educational material as per the child’s interest. Thus being responsive to the needs of a child is emphasized.
- Individual Progress and Development is Focused – In a Montessori program, the child is allowed to progress at his/her own pace, moving in the next step in every area of learning is based on the child’s choice. While the child lives within a huge community of children, each child is considered as a universe of one.
- Spontaneous Activity – Children wiggle, explore, and touch things. A true Montessori environment encourages the child to move about freely, within reasonable limits and appropriate behavior. Mostly the kids choose the work that captures their attention and interest and even in such an atmosphere and spontaneous activities, they still master basic skills and learn.
- Hands on Learning – Montessori system does not teach children from workbooks or texts, rather they use direct and personal channels for learning. Real things and objects are used for their studies with concrete models that bring abstract concepts to life.
- Motivation to Learn – Kids at Montessori does not work for external rewards or grades, nor do they complete an assignment for the sake of teachers. They learn because they are interested in learning and are left independent to decide.
A strong myth surrounds the Montessori education system in various parts of the world. As per the myth, Montessori means no structure and is not appropriate for early childhood learning. The truth is Montessori students are being ranked as the top students of the world and are reaching excellent colleges. They are embodying every skill and ability that we could think for our youth to have and be. They are self motivated, confident and skilled individuals who know what to do and how to.
Montessori education systems brings up the youth that this society needs and Montessori education system is what prepares excellent individuals who can set things right and bring peace. They are actually students who make their parents proud, who can coexist with any age group or any preschooler and toddler and who are yet to be great leaders.