Men who adhere to masculine norms also less likely to seek treatment, study says 
  
 WASHINGTON - Men who see themselves as playboys or as having power over women are more likely to have psychological problems than men who conform less to traditionally masculine norms, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. 
  
 "In general, individuals who conformed strongly to masculine norms tended to have poorer mental health and less favorable attitudes toward seeking psychological help, although the results differed depending on specific types of masculine norms," said lead author Y. Joel Wong, PhD, of Indiana University Bloomington. The study was published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology. 
  
 Wong and his colleagues conducted a meta-analysis of 78 research samples involving 19,453 participants that focused on the relationship between mental health and conformity to 11 norms generally considered by experts to reflect society's expectations of traditional masculinity: 
  
 desire to win 
  
 need for emotional control 
  
 risk-taking 
  
 violence 
  
 dominance 
  
 playboy (sexual promiscuity) 
  
 self-reliance 
  
 primacy of work (importance placed on one's job) 
  
 power over women 
  
 disdain for homosexuality 
  
 pursuit of status 
  
 Specifically, they focused on three broad types of mental health outcomes: negative mental health (e.g., depression), positive mental health (e.g., life satisfaction), and psychological help seeking (e.g., seeking counseling services). 
  
 While most of the U.S.-based studies focused on predominantly white males, some focused predominantly on African-Americans and some on Asian-Americans. 
  
 While overall, conforming to masculine norms was associated with negative mental health outcomes in subjects, the researchers found the association to be most consistent for these three norms - self-reliance, pursuit of playboy behavior, and power over women. 
  
 "The masculine norms of playboy and power over women are the norms most closely associated with sexist attitudes," said Wong. "The robust association between conformity to these two norms and negative mental health-related outcomes underscores the idea that sexism is not merely a social injustice, but may also have a detrimental effect on the mental health of those who embrace such attitudes." 
  
 Even more concerning, said Wong, was that men who strongly conformed to masculine norms were not only more likely to have poor mental health but also also less likely to seek mental health treatment. 
  
 There was one dimension for which the researchers were unable to find any significant effects. 
  
 "Primacy of work was not significantly associated with any of the mental health-related outcomes," said Wong. "Perhaps this is a reflection of the complexity of work and its implications for well-being. An excessive focus on work can be harmful to one's health and interpersonal relationships, but work is also a source of meaning for many individuals." 
  
 Also, conformity to the masculine norm of risk-taking was significantly associated with both negative and positive mental health outcomes, suggesting that risk-taking can have both positive and negative psychological consequences, said Wong. 
  
 ### 
  
 Article: "Meta-Analyses of the Relationship Between Conformity to Masculine Norms and Mental Health-Related Outcomes," by Y. Joel Wong, PhD, Shu-Yi Wang, MS, and S. Keino Miller, MA, Indiana University Bloomington, and Moon-Ho Ringo Ho, PhD, Nanyang Technological University. Journal of Counseling Psychology, published online Nov. 21, 2016. 
  
 Full text of the article is available from the APA Public Affairs Office and at 
  
 http://www. apa. org/ pubs/ journals/ releases/ cou-cou0000176. pdf . 
  
 Contact: Joel Wong can be contacted by email at joelwong@indiana.edu or by phone at (812) 856-8293. 
  
 The American Psychological Association, in Washington, D.C., is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States. APA's membership includes more than 117,500 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. Through its divisions in 54 subfields of psychology and affiliations with 60 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people's lives. 
  
 http://www. apa. org 
  
 If you do not want to receive APA news releases, please let us know at public.affairs@apa.org or 202-336-5700. ||||| Photo: H. Armstrong Roberts/Getty Images 
  
 New research published by the American Psychological Association finds that sexism may have an impact on men too — but not necessarily in the way that proponents of the idea that “sexism against men exists” (i.e. Kit Harington) claim it does. 
  
  
  
 In a meta-analysis of 19,453 participants spread over 78 research samples, Y. Joel Wong, Ph.D., of Indiana University Bloomington and his team found an association between the adherence to certain masculine norms and negative mental health. “Meta-Analyses of the Relationship Between Conformity to Masculine Norms and Mental Health–Related Outcomes,” published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology, details those findings. 
  
  
  
 Out of 11 societal masculine norms the researchers looked at, conforming to “self-reliance,” “pursuit of playboy behavior,” and “power over women” were most associated with negative mental health, such as depression, among the participants. 
  
  
  
 Per Wong: 
  
  
  
 The masculine norms of playboy and power over women are the norms most closely associated with sexist attitudes. The robust association between conformity to these two norms and negative mental health–related outcomes underscores the idea that sexism is not merely a social injustice, but may also have a detrimental effect on the mental health of those who embrace such attitudes. 
  
  
  
 Further, clinging to such norms was unfavorably related to psychological help seeking, so those men were also less likely to look for treatment solutions for said mental health problems. 
  
  
  
 So there you have it: Sexism is bad for truly everyone involved. 
  
  |||||
What is a one-paragraph summary of the above article?
– Being sexist results in a double whammy on men's mental health, new research suggests. When men strongly conform to social masculine norms, they're more likely to suffer from ailments such as depression—and the more they cling to these norms, the less likely they are to seek help for those mental health problems. So find researchers with the American Psychological Association, who've published a meta analysis in the Journal of Counseling Psychology. Reviewing nearly 20,000 participants involved in more than 78 research samples, the researchers found a link between mental health and conformity to 11 norms, including the desire to win, violence, the need for emotional control, and risk-taking. Three norms in particular—self reliance, sexual promiscuity, and power over women—had a significantly strong link to negative mental health in men, reports New York magazine. "Sexism is not merely a social injustice, but may also have a detrimental effect on the mental health of those who embrace such attitudes," the lead researcher says in a Eureka Alert news release. A post at Popular Science notes the gray area involved in some of the norms: "It's not hard to see the appeal of being self-reliant, for example," but the problem is that if men put too much emphasis on this for fear of looking weak then they won't seek help in times of genuine trouble. (Boys who shun hyper-masculinity appear happier, too.)
Män som följer maskulina normer är också mindre benägna att söka behandling, studien säger WASHINGTON - Män som ser sig själva som playboys eller som har makt över kvinnor är mer benägna att ha psykiska problem än män som överensstämmer mindre med traditionellt maskulina normer, enligt forskning publicerad av American Psychological Association. "I allmänhet, individer som överensstämde starkt med maskulina normer tenderade att ha sämre psykisk hälsa och mindre gynnsamma attityder till att söka psykologisk hjälp, även om resultaten skilde sig beroende på specifika typer av maskulina normer", sade leda författare Y. Joel Wong, PhD, av Indiana University Bloomington. Studien publicerades i Journal of Counseling Psychology. Wong och hans kollegor genomförde en metaanalys av 78 forskningsprover med 19 453 deltagare som fokuserade på förhållandet mellan psykisk hälsa och överensstämmelse med 11 normer som allmänt anses återspegla samhällets förväntningar på traditionell maskulinitet: önskan att vinna behov av emotionell kontroll risktagande våld dominans playboy (sexuell promiskuitet) självtillit företräde arbete (vikten läggs på ens jobb) makt över kvinnor förakt för homosexualitet strävan efter status Specifikt fokuserade de på tre breda typer av psykiska hälsoresultat: negativ psykisk hälsa (t.ex. depression), positiv psykisk hälsa (t.ex. livstillfredsställelse), och psykologisk hjälp söker (t.ex. söka rådgivning). Medan de flesta av de USA-baserade studierna fokuserade på övervägande vita hannar, fokuserade vissa främst på afroamerikaner och vissa på asiatisk-amerikaner. Samtidigt som överlag, att följa maskulina normer var associerat med negativa mentala hälsoresultat i ämnen, forskarna fann föreningen vara mest konsekvent för dessa tre normer - självtillit, strävan efter playboy beteende, och makt över kvinnor. "De maskulina normerna för playboy och makt över kvinnor är de normer som är närmast förknippade med sexistiska attityder", säger Wong. "Det robusta sambandet mellan överensstämmelse med dessa två normer och negativa mentala hälsorelaterade resultat understryker idén att sexism inte bara är en social orättvisa, utan också kan ha en skadlig inverkan på den mentala hälsan hos dem som anammar sådana attityder." Ännu mer rörande, sade Wong, var att män som starkt rättade sig efter maskulina normer inte bara hade större sannolikhet att ha dålig psykisk hälsa utan också mindre risk att söka mentalvård. Det fanns en dimension där forskarna inte kunde hitta några betydande effekter. "Primacy av arbete var inte nämnvärt förknippat med någon av de mentala hälsa-relaterade resultaten", sade Wong. "Kanske är detta en återspegling av arbetets komplexitet och dess konsekvenser för välbefinnandet. Ett överdrivet fokus på arbete kan vara skadligt för ens hälsa och interpersonella relationer, men arbete är också en källa till mening för många individer." Även, överensstämmelse med den maskulina normen för risktagande var signifikant associerat med både negativa och positiva mentala hälsoresultat, vilket tyder på att risktagande kan ha både positiva och negativa psykologiska konsekvenser, sade Wong. â € ¢ Artikel: "Meta-analyser av förhållandet mellan överensstämmelse med maskulina Normer och mentala hälsa-relaterat resultat," av Y. Joel Wong, PhD, Shu-Yi Wang, MS, och S. Keino Miller, MA, Indiana University Bloomington, och Moon-Ho Ringo Ho, PhD, Nanyang Technical University. Tidskrift för rådgivningspsykologi, publicerad online 21 nov 2016. Artikelns fullständiga text finns tillgänglig på APA Public Affairs Office och på http://www. Apa. org/ pubar/ tidskrifter/utgivningar/ cou- cou0000176. pdf . Kontakt: Joel Wong kan kontaktas via e-post på joelwong@indiana.edu eller per telefon på (812) 856-8293. American Psychological Association, i Washington, D.C., är den största vetenskapliga och professionella organisationen som representerar psykologin i USA. APA:s medlemskap omfattar mer än 117 500 forskare, pedagoger, kliniker, konsulter och studenter. Genom sina indelningar i 54 delområden psykologi och tillhörighet med 60 delstatliga, territoriella och kanadensiska provinsförbund arbetar APA för att främja skapandet, kommunikationen och tillämpningen av psykologisk kunskap för att gynna samhället och förbättra människors liv. http://www. Apa. org Om du inte vill ta emot APA nyheter, vänligen meddela oss på public.affairs@apa.org eller 202-336-5700. Foto: H. Armstrong Roberts/Getty Images Ny forskning publicerad av American Psychological Association visar att sexism kan påverka män också – men inte nödvändigtvis på det sätt som förespråkare för idén att “sexism mot män existerar” (dvs. Kit Harington) hävdar det. I en metaanalys av 19 453 deltagare spridda över 78 forskningsprover, Y. Joel Wong, Ph.D., av Indiana University Bloomington och hans team fann ett samband mellan följsamhet till vissa maskulina normer och negativ psykisk hälsa. “Meta-Analyser av förhållandet mellan överensstämmelse med maskulina Normer och Mental Hälsa-Relaterade Resultat,” publicerad i Journal of Counseling Psychology, detaljer dessa resultat. Av 11 sociala maskulina normer som forskarna tittade på, i överensstämmelse med “självtillit”, “efterföljelse av playboy beteende”, och “makt över kvinnor” var mest förknippade med negativ psykisk hälsa, såsom depression, bland deltagarna. Per Wong: De maskulina normerna för playboy och makt över kvinnor är de normer som är närmast förknippade med sexistiska attityder. Det starka sambandet mellan överensstämmelse med dessa två normer och negativa mentala hälsorelaterade resultat understryker tanken att sexism inte bara är en social orättvisa, utan också kan ha en skadlig inverkan på den mentala hälsan hos dem som anammar sådana attityder. Att hålla fast vid sådana normer var dessutom ofördelaktigt förknippat med att man sökte psykologisk hjälp, och därför var det mindre troligt att dessa män sökte behandlingslösningar för nämnda psykiska hälsoproblem. Så där har du det: Sexism är dåligt för alla inblandade. Vad är en sammanfattning av ovanstående artikel?
Men who follow masculine norms are also less likely to seek treatment, the study says WASHINGTON - Men who see themselves as playboys or who have power over women are more likely to have mental problems than men who conform less to traditionally masculine norms, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. "In general, individuals who were strongly in line with masculine norms tended to have poorer mental health and less favorable attitudes to seek psychological help, although the results differed depending on specific types of masculine norms," said lead author Y. Joel Wong, PhD, of Indiana University Bloomington. The study was published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology. Wong and his colleagues conducted a meta-analysis of 78 research samples with 19,453 participants who focused on the relationship between mental health and compliance with 11 norms generally considered to reflect society's expectations of traditional masculinity: the desire to gain the need for emotional control risk-taking violence dominance playboy (sexual promiscuity) self-reliance priority work (the emphasis is placed on one's job) power over women contempt for homosexuality pursuit of status Specifically, they focused on three broad types of mental health outcomes: negative mental health (e.g. depression), positive mental health (e.g., life satisfaction), and psychological help seeks (e.g. seeking advice). While most of the US-based studies focused on predominantly white males, some focused primarily on African Americans and some on Asian-Americans. While overall, following masculine norms was associated with negative mental health outcomes in subjects, the researchers found the association to be most consistent for these three standards - self-reliance, the pursuit of playboy behavior, and power over women. "The masculine norms of playboy and power over women are the norms most closely associated with sexist attitudes," Wong says. "The robust link between compliance with these two norms and negative mental health-related outcomes underscores the idea that sexism is not only a social injustice, but can also have a detrimental effect on the mental health of those who embrace such attitudes." Even more touching, Wong said, was that men who strongly conformed to masculine standards not only were more likely to have poor mental health but also less likely to seek mental health care. There was a dimension where scientists could not find any significant effects. "Primacy of work was not significantly associated with any of the mental health-related results," Wong said. "Perhaps this is a reflection of the complexity of work and its consequences for well-being. An excessive focus on work can be harmful to one's health and interpersonal relationships, but work is also a source of meaning for many individuals." Also, compliance with the masculine norm of risk-taking was significantly associated with both negative and positive mental health outcomes, suggesting that risk-taking can have both positive and negative psychological consequences," Wong said. Article: "Meta-analyses of the relationship between conformity with masculine Norms and mental health-related results," by Y. Joel Wong, PhD, Shu-Yi Wang, MS, and S. Keino Miller, MA, Indiana University Bloomington, and Moon-Ho Ringo Ho, PhD, Nanyang Technical University. Journal of Counselling Psychology, published online Nov 21, 2016. The full text of the article is available at the APA Public Affairs Office and at http://www. Monkey. org/ pubs/ magazines/issues/ cou-cou0000176. pdf . Contact: Joel Wong can be contacted by email at joelwong@indiana.edu or by phone at (812) 856-8293. The American Psychological Association, in Washington, D.C., is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States. APA membership includes more than 117,500 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. Through its divisions into 54 sub-areas of psychology and affiliation with 60 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to promote the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people's lives. http://www. Monkey. org If you do not want to receive APA news, please notify us at public.affairs@apa.org or 202-336-5700. Photo: H. Armstrong Roberts/Getty Images New research published by the American Psychological Association shows that sexism can affect men too – but not necessarily in the way that advocates of the idea that “sexism against men exists” (i.e. Kit Harington) claims so. In a meta-analysis of 19,453 participants spread over 78 research samples, Y. Joel Wong, Ph.D., by Indiana University Bloomington and his team found a connection between adherence to certain masculine norms and negative mental health. “Meta-Analyses the relationship between conformity to masculine Norms and Mental Health-Related Results,” published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology, details these results. Out of 11 social masculine norms that the researchers looked at, consistent with “self-reliance”, “following playboy behavior”, and “power over women” were most associated with negative mental health, such as depression, among participants. Per Wong: The masculine norms of playboy and power over women are the norms most closely associated with sexist attitudes. The strong link between compliance with these two standards and negative mental health-related outcomes underlines the idea that sexism is not only a social injustice, but can also have a detrimental effect on the mental health of those who adopt such attitudes. Moreover, upholding such standards was unfavorably associated with seeking psychological help, so these men were less likely to seek treatment solutions for the aforementioned mental health problems. So there you have it: Sexism is bad for everyone involved. What is a summary of the above article?
– Att vara sexistisk resulterar i en dubbel whammy på mäns psykiska hälsa, ny forskning tyder. När män starkt anpassar sig till sociala maskulina normer är de mer benägna att drabbas av sjukdomar som depression – och ju mer de håller fast vid dessa normer, desto mindre sannolikt är det att de söker hjälp för dessa psykiska hälsoproblem. Så hitta forskare hos American Psychological Association, som har publicerat en metaanalys i Journal of Counseling Psychology. Forskarna gick igenom närmare 20 000 deltagare som deltog i mer än 78 forskningsprover och fann en koppling mellan psykisk hälsa och överensstämmelse med 11 normer, inklusive önskan att vinna, våld, behovet av emotionell kontroll och risktagande. Särskilt tre normer – självtillit, sexuell promiskuitet och makt över kvinnor – hade en betydligt stark koppling till negativ psykisk hälsa hos män, rapporterar tidskriften New York. "Sexism är inte bara en social orättvisa, utan kan också ha en skadlig inverkan på den mentala hälsan hos dem som anammar sådana attityder", säger huvudforskaren i ett nyhetsmeddelande om Eureka Alert. I ett inlägg på Popular Science noteras gråområdet som är involverat i några av normerna: "Det är inte svårt att se lockelsen av att vara självförsörjande, till exempel", men problemet är att om män lägger för stor vikt vid detta av rädsla för att se svaga ut så kommer de inte att söka hjälp i tider av äkta problem. (Pojkar som skyr hypermaskulinitet verkar också gladare.)
“Being sexist results in a double whammy on men’s mental health, new research suggests. When men strongly adapt to social masculine standards, they are more likely to suffer from diseases such as depression — and the more they adhere to these standards, the less likely they are to seek help for these mental health problems. So find researchers at the American Psychological Association, which has published a meta-analysis in the Journal of Counseling Psychology. The researchers reviewed nearly 20,000 participants who participated in more than 78 research samples and found a link between mental health and compliance with 11 standards, including the desire to win, violence, the need for emotional control and risk-taking. In particular, three standards — self - confidence, sexual promiscuity, and power over women — had a strong connection to negative mental health in men, reports New York magazine. "Sexism is not only a social injustice, but can also have a detrimental effect on the mental health of those who embrace such attitudes," says the lead researcher in a news release about Eureka Alert. A post at Popular Science notes the grey area involved in some of the standards: "It's not hard to see the appeal of being self-sufficient, for example", but the problem is that if men place too much emphasis on this for fear of looking weak, they won't seek help in times of real trouble. (Boys who shun hypermasculinity also seem happier.)