Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 June 1887 - 14 February 1975) was a British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist, and internationalist. He was a proponent of natural selection, and a leading figure in the mid-twentieth century modern synthesis. He was secretary of the Zoological Society of London (1935-1942), the first Director of UNESCO, a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund and the first President of the British Humanist Association. Huxley was well known for his presentation of science in books and articles, and on radio and television.

In the early 20th century he was one of the minority of biologists who believed that natural selection was the main driving force of evolution, and that evolution occurred by small steps and not by saltation (jumps). These opinions are now standard.  Though his time as an academic was quite brief, he taught and encouraged a number of evolutionary biologists at the University of Oxford in the 1920s. Charles Elton (ecology), Alister Hardy (marine biology) and John Baker (cytology) all became highly successful, and Baker eventually wrote Huxley's Royal Society obituary memoir.  Perhaps the most significant was Edmund Brisco Ford, who founded a field of research called ecological genetics, which played a role in the evolutionary synthesis. Another important disciple was Gavin de Beer, who wrote on evolution and development, and became Director of the Natural History Museum. Both these fine scholars had attended Huxley's lectures on genetics, experimental zoology (including embryology) and ethology. Later, they became his collaborators, and then leaders in their own right.  In an era when scientists did not travel so frequently as today, Huxley was an exception, for he travelled widely in Europe, Africa and the United States. He was therefore able to learn from and influence other scientists, naturalists and administrators. In the US he was able to meet other evolutionists at a critical time in the reassessment of natural selection. In Africa he was able to influence colonial administrators about education and wild-life conservation. In Europe, through UNESCO, he was at the centre of the post-World War II revival of education. In Russia, however, his experiences were mixed. His initially favourable view was changed by his growing awareness of Stalin's murderous repression, and the Lysenko affair. There seems little evidence that he had any effect on the Soviet Union, and the same could be said for some other Western scientists.  "Marxist-Leninism had become a dogmatic religion... and like all dogmatic religions, it had turned from reform to persecution." CANNOTANSWER

Using a quote from the above article, answer the following question: What was Julian Huxley's personal influence?
Though his time as an academic was quite brief, he taught and encouraged a number of evolutionary biologists at the University of Oxford in the 1920s.
Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 juni 1887 – 14 februari 1975) var en brittisk evolutionsbiolog, rashygienist och internationalist. Han var en förespråkare för det naturliga urvalet, och en ledande gestalt i mitten av 1900-talets moderna syntes. Han var sekreterare i Zoological Society of London (1935-1942), förste direktör för Unesco, stiftande medlem av Världsnaturfonden och förste ordförande i British Humanist Association. Huxley var välkänd för sin presentation av vetenskap i böcker och artiklar, och i radio och TV. I början av 1900-talet var han en av den minoritet av biologer som ansåg att naturligt urval var evolutionens främsta drivkraft, och att evolutionen skedde genom små steg och inte genom saltning (hopp). Dessa yttranden är nu standard. Fastän hans tid som akademiker var ganska kort, undervisade och uppmuntrade han ett antal evolutionsbiologer vid University of Oxford på 1920-talet. Charles Elton (ekologi), Alister Hardy (marinbiologi) och John Baker (cytologi) blev alla mycket framgångsrika, och Baker skrev så småningom Huxleys Royal Societys dödsruna memoarer. Den kanske mest betydande var Edmund Brisco Ford, som grundade ett forskningsområde kallat ekologisk genetik, som spelade en roll i den evolutionära syntesen. En annan viktig lärjunge var Gavin de Beer, som skrev om evolution och utveckling, och blev direktör för Naturhistoriska museet. Båda dessa fina forskare hade gått på Huxleys föreläsningar om genetik, experimentell zoologi (inklusive embryologi) och etologi. Senare blev de hans medarbetare, och sedan ledare i sin egen rätt. I en tid då vetenskapsmän inte reste så ofta som i dag var Huxley ett undantag, eftersom han reste mycket i Europa, Afrika och USA. Han kunde därför lära av och påverka andra vetenskapsmän, naturforskare och administratörer. I USA kunde han träffa andra evolutionister vid en kritisk tidpunkt i omvärderingen av det naturliga urvalet. I Afrika kunde han påverka kolonialadministratörer om utbildning och vilt-livsbevarande. I Europa stod han genom Unesco i centrum för det efter andra världskriget återuppväckta utbildningsväsendet. I Ryssland blandades dock hans erfarenheter. Hans till en början positiva syn ändrades genom hans växande medvetenhet om Stalins mordiska förtryck, och Lysenkoaffären. Det verkar inte finnas mycket som tyder på att han hade någon inverkan på Sovjetunionen, och detsamma kunde sägas om några andra västerländska vetenskapsmän. "Marxist-leninismen hade blivit en dogmatisk religion... och som alla dogmatiska religioner hade den övergått från reform till förföljelse." CANNOTANSWER Med hjälp av ett citat från ovanstående artikel, besvara följande fråga: Vad var Julian Huxleys personliga inflytande?
Sir Julian Sorell Huxley FRS (22 June 1887 – 14 February 1975) was a British evolutionary biologist, eugenicist and internationalist. He was an advocate of natural selection, and a leading figure in the mid-20th century modern synthesis. He was secretary of the Zoological Society of London (1935-1942), first director of UNESCO, founding member of the World Wildlife Fund and first chairman of the British Humanist Association. Huxley was well known for his presentation of science in books and articles, and on radio and television. In the early 20th century, he was one of the minority of biologists who considered natural selection to be the main driving force of evolution, and that evolution took place through small steps and not by salting (hope). These opinions are now standard. Although his time as an academic was quite short, he taught and encouraged a number of evolution biologists at the University of Oxford in the 1920s. Charles Elton (ecology), Alister Hardy (marine biology) and John Baker (cytology) all became very successful, and Baker eventually wrote Huxley's Royal Society obituary memoirs. Perhaps the most significant was Edmund Brisco Ford, who founded a research area called ecological genetics, which played a role in evolutionary synthesis. Another important disciple was Gavin de Beer, who wrote about evolution and development, and became director of the Natural History Museum. Both of these fine scientists had attended Huxley's lectures on genetics, experimental zoology (including embryology) and ethology. Later, they became his associates, and then leaders in their own right. At a time when scientists did not travel as often as today, Huxley was an exception, since he travelled a lot in Europe, Africa, and the United States. He was therefore able to learn from and influence other scientists, naturalists, and administrators. In the United States, he was able to meet other evolutionists at a critical time in the re-evaluation of natural selection. In Africa, he was able to influence colonial administrators on education and wildlife-life conservation. In Europe, through UNESCO, he was at the centre of the post-World War II resuscitation education system. In Russia, however, his experiences were mixed. His initially positive view was changed by his growing awareness of Stalin's murderous oppression, and the Lysenko affair. There seems to be little evidence that he had any impact on the Soviet Union, and the same could be said of some other Western scientists. "Marxist-Leninism had become a dogmatic religion... and as all dogmatic religions had it transitioned from reform to persecution." CANNOTANSWER Using a quote from the above article, answer the following question: What was Julian Huxley's personal influence?
Fastän hans tid som akademiker var ganska kort, undervisade och uppmuntrade han ett antal evolutionsbiologer vid University of Oxford på 1920-talet.
Although his time as an academic was quite short, he taught and encouraged a number of evolution biologists at the University of Oxford in the 1920s.