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Kenesaw Mountain Landis (; November 20, 1866 - November 25, 1944) was an American jurist who served as a federal judge from 1905 to 1922 and as the first Commissioner of Baseball from 1920 until his death. He is remembered for his handling of the Black Sox scandal, in which he expelled eight members of the Chicago White Sox from organized baseball for conspiring to lose the 1919 World Series and repeatedly refused their reinstatement requests. His firm actions and iron rule over baseball in the near quarter-century of his commissionership are generally credited with restoring public confidence in the game.

Landis's courtroom, room 627 in the Chicago Federal Building, was ornate and featured two murals; one of King John conceding Magna Carta, the other of Moses about to smash the tablets of the Ten Commandments. The mahogany and marble chamber was, according to Landis biographer David Pietrusza, "just the spot for Landis's sense of the theatrical. In it he would hold court for nearly the next decade and a half." According to Spink, "It wasn't long before Chicago writers discovered they had a 'character' on the bench." A. L. Sloan of the Chicago Herald-American, a friend of Landis, recalled:  The Judge was always headline news. He was a great showman, theatrical in appearance, with his sharp jaw and shock of white hair, and people always crowded into his courtroom, knowing there would be something going on. There were few dull moments.  If Judge Landis was suspicious of an attorney's line of questioning, he would begin to wrinkle his nose, and once told a witness, "Now let's stop fooling around and tell exactly what did happen, without reciting your life's history." When an elderly defendant told him that he would not be able to live to complete a five-year sentence, Landis scowled at him and asked, "Well, you can try, can't you?" When a young man stood before him for sentencing after admitting to stealing jewels from a parcel, the defendant's wife stood near him, infant daughter in her arms, and Landis mused what to do about the situation. After a dramatic pause, Landis ordered the young man to take his wife and daughter and go home with them, expressing his unwillingness to have the girl be the daughter of a convict. According to sportswriter Ed Fitzgerald in SPORT magazine, "[w]omen wept unashamed and the entire courtroom burst into spontaneous, prolonged applause."  Landis had been a lawyer with a corporate practice; upon his elevation to the bench, corporate litigants expected him to favor them. According to a 1907 magazine article about Landis, "Corporations smiled pleasantly at the thought of a corporation lawyer being on the bench. They smile no more." In an early case, Landis fined the Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company the maximum $4,000 for illegally importing workers, even though Winifred Landis's sister's husband served on the corporate board. In another decision, Landis struck down a challenge to the Interstate Commerce Commission's (ICC) jurisdiction over rebating, a practice banned by the Elkins Act of 1903 in which railroads and favored customers agreed that the customers would pay less than the posted tariff, which by law was to be the same for all shippers. Landis's decision allowed the ICC to take action against railroads which gave rebates. CANNOTANSWER
Kenesaw Mountain Landis
Vilket väsen handlar den här texten om? Kenesaw Mountain Landis (; 20 november 1866 - 25 november 1944) var en amerikansk jurist som tjänstgjorde som federal domare från 1905 till 1922 och som förste kommissionär i Baseball från 1920 fram till sin död. Han är ihågkommen för sin hantering av Black Sox-skandalen, i vilken han uteslöt åtta medlemmar av Chicago White Sox från organiserad baseboll för att ha konspirerat för att förlora 1919 års World Series och upprepade gånger vägrat deras återanställningsförfrågningar. Hans fasta agerande och järnstyre över basebollen under det närmaste kvartsseklet av hans kommissarieskap krediteras i allmänhet med att återställa allmänhetens förtroende för spelet. Landis rättssal, rum 627 i Chicagos federala byggnad, var utsmyckad och innehöll två väggmålningar; den ena av kung John medgav Magna Carta, den andra av Moses på väg att krossa tavlorna av de tio budorden. Mahogny- och marmorkammaren var enligt Landis biograf David Pietrusza "bara platsen för Landis känsla för det teatraliska. I den skulle han hålla hov i nästan det närmaste årtiondet och ett halvt." Enligt Spink, "Det dröjde inte länge innan Chicago författare upptäckte att de hade en 'karaktär' på bänken." A.L. Sloan från Chicago Herald-American, en vän till Landis, erinrade sig: Domaren var alltid huvudnyhet. Han var en stor showman, teatralisk till utseendet, med sin skarpa käke och chock av vitt hår, och folk trängdes alltid in i hans rättssal, i vetskap om att det skulle vara något på gång. Det var få tråkiga ögonblick. Om domare Landis var misstänksam mot en advokats förhörslinje, skulle han börja skrynkla näsan, och en gång sade han till ett vittne: "Nu slutar vi larva oss och berättar exakt vad som hände, utan att återge ditt livs historia." När en äldre tilltalad sade till honom att han inte skulle kunna leva för att avtjäna ett femårigt straff, skällde Landis på honom och frågade: "Nå, du kan väl försöka?" När en ung man stod framför honom för att ha dömts efter att ha erkänt att han stulit juveler från ett paket, stod svarandens fru nära honom, spädbarnsdotter i hennes famn, och Landis grubblade över vad han skulle göra åt situationen. Efter en dramatisk paus beordrade Landis den unge mannen att ta sin hustru och dotter och följa med dem hem, varvid han uttryckte sin ovilja att låta flickan bli dotter till en straffånge. Enligt sportskribenten Ed Fitzgerald i tidskriften SPORT grät "[w]omen ohämmat och hela rättssalen brast i spontana, långvariga applåder". Landis hade varit advokat med en företagspraktik; på hans uppstigning till bänken förväntade sig bolagsstämplingar att han skulle gynna dem. Enligt en tidskriftsartikel från 1907 om Landis log "Korporationer behagligt vid tanken på att en korporationsadvokat skulle stå på bänken. De ler inte mer." I ett tidigt fall dömde Landis Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company till böter på högst 4 000 dollar för illegalimporterande arbetare, trots att Winifred Landis systers man tjänstgjorde i bolagsstyrelsen. I ett annat beslut slog Landis ner en utmaning mot Interstate Commerce Commissions (ICC) jurisdiktion över rebating, en praxis som förbjöds genom Elkins Act av 1903 där järnvägar och gynnade kunder kom överens om att kunderna skulle betala mindre än den postade taxan, som enligt lag skulle vara densamma för alla speditörer. Landis beslut gjorde det möjligt för ICC att vidta åtgärder mot järnvägar som gav rabatter. CANNOTANSWER
What essence is this text about? Kenesaw Mountain Landis (; November 20, 1866 - November 25, 1944) was an American lawyer who served as a federal judge from 1905 to 1922 and as the first Commissioner of Baseball from 1920 until his death. He is remembered for his handling of the Black Sox scandal, in which he excluded eight members of the Chicago White Sox from organized baseball for plotting to lose the 1919 World Series and repeatedly refused their re-employment requests. His firm actions and iron rule over baseball for the nearest quarter century of his commissionership are generally credited with restoring public confidence in the game. Landi's courtroom, room 627 of the Chicago federal building, was embellished and featured two murals; one of King John conceded Magna Carta, the other of Moses about to crush the tablets of the Ten Commandments. The Mahogany and marble chamber, according to Landi's cinema David Pietrusza, was "only the site of Landi's sense of the theatrical. In it he would hold court for nearly the next decade and a half." According to Spink, "It wasn't long before Chicago writers discovered they had a 'character' on the bench." A.L. Sloan of the Chicago Herald-American, a friend of Landis, recalled: The judge was always main news. He was a great showman, theatrical in appearance, with his sharp jaw and shock of white hair, and people were always penetrated into his courtroom, knowing there would be something going on. That was a few boring moments. If Judge Landis was suspicious of a lawyer's interrogation line, he would begin to wrinkle his nose, and once he said to a witness, "Now we stop fooling around and tell exactly what happened, without reproducing the story of your life." When an elderly defendant told him that he would not be able to live to serve a five-year sentence, Landis scolded him and asked, "Well, why don't you try?" When a young man stood in front of him for being convicted after admitting to stealing jewels from a package, the defendant's wife was close to him, infant daughter in her arms, and Landis was brooding over what to do about the situation. After a dramatic break, Landis ordered the young man to take his wife and daughter and accompany them home, expressing his unwillingness to allow the girl to become the daughter of a convict. According to sports writer Ed Fitzgerald in SPORT magazine, "[w]omen cried unbridled and the entire courtroom burst into spontaneous, prolonged applause". Landis had been a lawyer with a corporate practice; on his ascent to the bench, company stamps expected him to benefit them. According to a 1907 magazine article about Landis smiled "Corporations pleasantly at the thought of a corporation lawyer standing on the bench. They're not smiling anymore." In an early case, Landis Allis-Chalmers fined the Manufacturing Company a maximum of $4,000 fine for illegal importing workers, despite Winifred Landi's sister's husband serving on the board of directors. In another decision, Landis struck down a challenge to the jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) over rebating, a practice banned by the Elkins Act of 1903 where railways and favored customers agreed that customers would pay less than the posted rate, which would be the same by law for all freight forwarders. Landi's decision enabled the ICC to take action against railways that provided discounts. CANNOTANSWER
Kenesaw Mountain Landis
Kenesaw Mountain Landis