Helmut Hoffman states that the Ming upheld the facade of rule over Tibet through periodic missions of "tribute emissaries" to the Ming court and by granting nominal titles to ruling lamas, but did not actually interfere in Tibetan governance. Melvyn C. Goldstein writes that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet, as the various titles given to Tibetan leaders did not confer authority as the earlier Mongol Yuan titles had. He asserts that "by conferring titles on Tibetans already in power, the Ming emperors merely recognized political reality." Hugh Edward Richardson writes that the Ming dynasty exercised no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families, the Phagmodru (1354–1435), Rinpungpa (1435–1565), and Tsangpa (1565–1642).
Who believed that the Ming had no real authority over Tibet?
Melvyn C. Goldstein
Helmut Hoffman uppger att Ming upprätthöll härskarfasaden över Tibet genom periodiska uppdrag av "tributemissariat" till Ming-domstolen och genom att bevilja nominaltitlar till regerande lamas, men lade sig egentligen inte i tibetanskt styre. Melvyn C. Goldstein skriver att Ming inte hade någon egentlig administrativ auktoritet över Tibet, då de olika titlar som gavs till tibetanska ledare inte gav auktoritet som de tidigare mongoliska Yuantitlarna hade. Han hävdar att "genom att ge tibetanerna titlar som redan satt vid makten erkände Ming-kejsarna endast den politiska verkligheten." Hugh Edward Richardson skriver att Mingdynastin inte utövade någon auktoritet över tronföljden av tibetanska härskande familjer, Phagmodru (1354–1435), Rinpungpa (1435–1565) och Tsangpa (1565–1642). Vem trodde att Ming inte hade någon verklig auktoritet över Tibet?
Helmut Hoffman states that Ming maintained the ruler's facade over Tibet by periodic commissions of "tribune missariat" to the Ming court and by granting nominal titles to reigning lamas, but did not really interfere in Tibetan rule. Melvyn C. Goldstein writes that Ming had no actual administrative authority over Tibet, as the various titles given to Tibetan leaders did not give authority as the former Mongolian Yuantitlars had. He claims that "by giving the Tibetans titles that were already in power, the Ming Emperors only acknowledged political reality." Hugh Edward Richardson writes that the Ming dynasty exercised no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families, Phagmodru (1354–1435), Rinpungpa (1435–1565) and Tsangpa (1565–1642). Who thought Ming had no real authority over Tibet?
Melvyn C. Goldstein
Melvyn C. Goldstein