In connection with the Services to be performed hereunder, a Recipient may provide to a Provider information about it, the funds, accounts or clients to which such Recipient provides investment management or advisory services, as applicable, their investors or other third parties that is confidential or proprietary in nature (the “ Confidential Information ”), which may include, but is not limited to, information of a technical, administrative and/or financial nature relating to the business operations of such Recipient.  The Recipient shall, except to the extent necessary for the Services, not disclose to the Provider Confidential Information about any issuer of securities to the public in the United States. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Provider, Confidential Information shall not include information that: (a) has come into the public domain through no breach of this Article 5 by such Provider or any related Provider Representative; (b) is or becomes available to such Provider from any third party not known to be breaching an obligation of confidentiality to the Recipient; or (c) is independently developed by such Provider without reference to or use of the Confidential Information of the Recipient.