(a)  Any and all payments by or on behalf of a Borrower hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any Indemnified Taxes.  If any Borrower shall be required by law to deduct any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes from or in respect of any sum payable hereunder to the Lenders or the Issuers (or any Transferee) or the Administrative Agent, (i) the sum payable shall be increased by the amount necessary so that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 2.18 ) such Lender or Issuer (or Transferee) or the Administrative Agent (as the case may be) shall receive an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) such Borrower shall make such deductions and (iii) such Borrower shall pay the full amount deducted to the relevant taxing authority or other Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law; provided , however , that no Transferee of any Lender shall be entitled to receive any greater payment under this Section 2.18 than such Lender would have been entitled to receive immediately before assignment, participation or other transfer with respect to the rights assigned, participated or transferred unless such assignment, participation or transfer shall have been made (A) prior to the occurrence of an event (including any change in treaty, law or regulation) giving rise to such greater payment or (B) at the request of Alcoa Arconic .