Herodotus, “Abakɔsɛm Agya”—Nea Ɔde Agya Nkyirimma, “The Histories”\nKENKAN WƆ Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Bulgarian Cebuano Chichewa Chinese Mandarin (Simplified) Chinese Mandarin (Traditional) Chitonga Chitumbuka Cibemba Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Ewe Fijian Finnish French Georgian German Greek Hebrew Hiligaynon Hungarian Iloko Indonesian Italian Japanese Kikaonde Kinyarwanda Kirghiz Kirundi Korean Lingala Lithuanian Luvale Macedonian Malagasy Myanmar Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Samoan Sepedi Serbian Serbian (Roman) Sesotho (Lesotho) Silozi Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swahili Swahili (Congo) Swedish Tagalog Thai Tigrinya Tok Pisin Tsonga Tswana Turkish Twi Ukrainian Vietnamese Xhosa Zulu\nMFE mpempem pii a atwam no na asetena te sɛn? Na tetefo amammerɛ te sɛn? Yɛbɛtumi anya mmuaeɛ no bi afi fam tutufo hɔ, nanso ɛnyɛ ne nyinaa. Nsɛm a ɔbarima bi kyerɛwee boa ma yɛhu sɛnea na tetefo susu nsɛm ho. Ɔbarima yi tenaa ase bɛyɛ mfe 2,400 ni, na ɔkyerɛwee nsɛm a ɛsisii ne bere so. Ɔyɛ Helani abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo a ɔtenaa ase bɛyɛ mfe ahanum ansa na Kristo reba. Ne din de Herodotus. Edin bɛn na ɛda nsɛm a ɔkyerɛwee no so? The Histories.\nHerodotus kyerɛwee nea ɛkɔfaa Helafo ko ahorow no baeɛ, ne titiriw no nea ɛmaa Persiafo to hyɛɛ Helafo so afe 490 A.Y.B. ne afe 480 A.Y.B. Saa bere no, na Herodotus yɛ abarimaa. Bere a ɔrekyerɛw Persiafo ko no ho nsɛm no, ɔsan kyerɛwee ɔman biara a ɔko no kaa wɔn no nso ho nsɛm pii.\nƐNYƐ ABAKƆSƐM KƐKƐ\nNá Herodotus yɛ ɔkyerɛwfo a waben paa. Sɛ wohwɛ ne nwoma no mu a, wohu sɛ ɔyɛ obi a n’ani gye ho sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛw nsɛm pɛpɛɛpɛ ma emu ada hɔ. Herodotus yɛɛ adeɛ paa, efisɛ saa bere no na ɔman kyerɛwtohɔ biara nni hɔ a ɔbɛtumi akyerɛw bi aka ho.\nSaa bere no, na obiara nha ne ho sɛ ɔbɛyɛ abakɔsɛm ho kyerɛwtohɔ. Mmom na wɔtaa yɛ nkaedum kyerɛkyerɛw ho de hyɛ nnipa bi anuonyam anaa wɔde kae nneɛma bi. Ɛnneɛ, Herodotus yɛɛ dɛn nyaa ne nsɛm no? Ebi yɛ nea ɔno ankasa de n’ani huiɛ anaa nea nkurɔfo ka kyerɛɛ no anaa atetesɛm a ɔbɛtoeɛ. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na Herodotus anya nsɛm akyerɛw no, ɔtutuu akwan pii. Ɔnyinii wɔ Hela fa baabi a wɔfrɛ no Halicarnassus (seesei wɔfrɛ hɔ Bodrum, na ɛwɔ Turkey anafo fam). Nokwasɛm ni, ɔkyinii Hela nkurow pii so.\nNea ɛbɛyɛ na Herodotus anya nsɛm akyerɛw no, ɔtutuu akwan pii\nƆde n’ani kyerɛɛ atifi fam kɔe ara kɔduu Ɛpo Tuntum (Black Sea) no ho ne Scythia mpɔtam, baabi a Ukraine man no wɔ nnɛ. Bio nso ɔde n’ani kyerɛɛ anafo fam kɔɔ Palestine ne Egypt atifi fam. Ɔkɔɔ apuei fam nso, na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ ɔkɔduu Babylon mpo. Ne korakora no, ɔde n’akwantuo no kɔsoo atɔe fam wɔ Hela fa baabi a seesei ɛwɔ Italy anafo fam. Baabi a ɔbɛkɔ biara na ɔde n’ani to fam yɛ nhwehwɛmu. Sɛ ɔhu nkurɔfo a wɔbɛka nokwasɛm akyerɛ no a, na ɔne wɔn di nsawɔso.\nHERODOTUS NSƐM NO DI MU ANAA?\nThe Histories no fã bi\nHerodotus kyerɛw nsɛm pii, nanso asɛmmisa no ne sɛ, na ne nsɛm no yɛ nokware? Ɛdefa mmeae a ɔkɔeɛ ne nneɛma a ɔhui ho deɛ, yɛbɛtumi aka sɛ nea ɔkyerɛwee no di mu. Sɛ yɛhwɛ nsɛm a ɔkyerɛw faa aman ahorow ho, te sɛ wɔn amammerɛ saa a, yɛhu sɛ ɛyɛ nokware paa. Ɛho nhwɛso ne Scythiafo ne Egyptfo afunsie. Nea fam tutufo ahu da no adi sɛ nsɛm a Herodotus kyerɛwee no yɛ nokware. Animdefo ka sɛ, sɛ yɛhwɛ nsɛm a Herodotus kyerɛw faa Egypt ho a, “ɛsen ɔman no ho asɛm biara a wɔkyerɛw no tete no.”\nNanso mpɛn pii no, nea nkurɔfo kae na Herodotus kyerɛwee. Afoforo anom nsɛm nso deɛ, ɛtɔ da a na akyea kakra. Bio nso, na ne bere sofo gye di sɛ anyame de wɔn ho gye nnipa nsɛm mu. Enti ɛnyɛ nea ɔkyerɛwee nyinaa na abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo a wɔwɔ hɔ nnɛ ne no yɛ adwene wɔ ho. Nanso Herodotus yɛɛ nea ɔbɛtumi biara sɛ ɔremfa anansesɛm mfrafra nokwasɛm mu. Ɔno ankasa kaa sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɔtee nyinaa na ɔgye diiɛ. Sɛ ɔte asɛm bi a, ɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔde bɛtoto adanse foforo ho, na nea ɔsusu sɛ ɛyɛ nokware no, na wafa.\nƐrekame ayɛ sɛ, nsɛm a Herodotus kyerɛwee nyinaa na wɔato din The Histories no. Sɛ yɛhwɛ nea Herodotus faa mu ansa na ɔreboaboa nsɛm dodow yi nyinaa ano a, yɛhu sɛ ɔbɔɔ mmɔden paa.\nEsiane sɛ Herodotus bere so na abakɔsɛm nwoma titiriw biara nni hɔ a ɛdi mu te sɛ The Histories nti, Latin nwoma kyerɛwfo bi a ɔde Cicero (106-43 A.Y.B.) frɛɛ Herodotus Abakɔsɛm Agya.\nNwomanimfo bi kaa sɛ The Histories yɛ nwoma a “ɛrentwam da. Ɛnyɛ abakɔsɛm nkutoo na ɛwom na mmom amammerɛ, asase ho nsɛm, nyamesɛm, nyansapɛ, amammuo, ne akosɛm.”\nNsɛm a Herodotus kyerɛw faa Hela, Asia Atɔe Fam, ne Egypt ho no di mu paa.\nNkurɔfo Adwene Wɔ Herodotus Ho\n“Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Arnaldo Momigliano kaa sɛ: “Seesei yɛwɔ adanse a ɛdi mu a enti yɛbɛtumi aka sɛ nea Herodotus kyerɛwee no yɛ nokware. Nwomanimfo bi de nneɛma a fam tutufo ahu ne kasa ahorow a na Herodotus ankasa mpo nte ase akari ne nsɛm no. Abɛda adi sɛ nea Herodotus huiɛ na ɔteeɛ no, saa pɛpɛɛpɛ na ɔkyerɛwee. Sɛ ɔdii mfomso bi a, ɛnneɛ ebinom na wɔanka nokware ankyerɛ no anaa nea wɔkae na wante aseɛ yie.”