COVID-19

Nangan no lifong(名稱) 
Cikemi ko Fala’ a Midengaay Adada (kuwaping a sowal: 嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎; Ikiris a sowal:Coronavirus disease 2019;縮寫:COVID-19),[1] [2] o miladesay to pasasela’an a midengaay a adada,ona lifong caay ka tomerep na kairaan tahanini, o saadihayay ko mapatayay a lifong nona to’asan. O sa’ayaway a ciadadaay tonini i,o itiraay i Uhan-Si Fupie- Kowan no Congko i 2019 miheca.[3] Tahira i 2022 miheca saka 7 folad saka 22 romi’ad ira ko 5 fois ira ko 670 ofad ko madengaay, 638 ofad ko mapatayay,[4] tahanini matenakay ho kona lifong.

kacipinangan no adada(症狀) 
Ano ciadada tona lifong i,cifa’edetay, mako’ec, awa ko ‘angil, macahacah, caay to ka pakasanek.[5] [6] Na madenga’ tahira i kacipinangan no tiring i,1~14 ko romi’ad, cecay no kalitolo caay ka cipinang.[7] O ciadaday tonini a tamdaw i,cikemiaay ko fala’(81%), nahaop ko 14% maroraay pasasela’ away ko sanso, nengnengen i lintokin mahapinang ko kaawa no ‘icel no fala’ a pasasela’.oroma i,cecay cecayay to sela’, maseka’ ato masetay to ko lalosidan no tatirengan.[8] Mangalefay ko pikali’ang to malitengay, oroma a tamdaw ano maadaadah ira to ikor a pikali’ang to tiring, mangalefay ko kasamo’ no lalosidan no tatirengan.[9] Mikakinkiway ano hatini to parecep i tatireng to pisiwar to wakawak no tamdaw.[10]

Pidenga' no adada(傳播途徑) 
O pidenga nona lifong i, nani ngoso’ay a dinget ato nani ngoyosay a sopa’, patina han nano mako’ec, ma’esing, caciyaw ira a ma’efer ko dinget to sopa’ to micomod tayra i coscos no pasasela’an, matenak to i tatirengan.[11] [12] [13] ona miterocay a sopa’ talacowa caay ka ray ko piteroc i falifalian.[14] [15] nikawrira,ano i ingiday a tamdaw mapadengaay to nona sopa’. O roma sa i,mikapa ko tamdaw to ciadadaay a maamaan tangsol sa a mikapa to niyah a pising, ngoyos midengaay ko matiniay tona lifong,[16] [17] itira i pala’edef hananay a laloma oya pawpaw sanay a ma’efer a adada ano pasasela’ kita mihakelong to fali micomod i tatirengan.[18]

Cowa kacipinang ko kaadada(無症狀感染者) 
Ano ciadada to tona lifong i sarakatay a tolo ko romi’ad i kakaay ko pidenga nona lifong, I’ayaw no kacipinangan ato cowa ka cipinang to adada a tamdaw madenga nona lifong,[19] [20] o kafana’an no mikinkiway i, mahaop ko 40%~45% a ciadadaay o cowa ka cipinang to adada a tamdaw.[21] [22]

Sapitaker a demak(預防措施) 

O sapitakeraw tona lifong a demak, kainaneng a misawsaw to kamay, aka ka piingid to tamdaw, lofoen ko ciadadaay to a tamdaw, pafalien ko lalomaan, ano mako’ec pitahepo to ngoyos ato ngoso’, aka ka pikapa to pising ano ca ho ka pisawsaw to kamay.[1] [2] itira i kapolongan a kitiraan aka ca ka citamokis, malowanay ko kadenga’ no lifong.[3] [4]

Tala’ayaway ho ko sapisang’aw to sapitaker a sapaiyo iro mitini,adihayay to ko mapasadakay a sapitaker a sapaiyo,miocor ko sifo no kalokitakit a papicocok(paciwsiya) to matiniay a sapitaker sapaiyo, malowanay to ko cilifongay a tamdaw.

O Sapisanga’ay to Tatirengan a Lekatep (世界衛生組織;World Health Organization, WHO) mipatalahekal a milekal i 2020 miheca saka 1 folad saka 30 romi’ad “ o kaletengay a misaikeday a patenak to kacikemi no fala’ a lifong” o sasa’imeren a demak no kapolongan i hekal(PHEIC)[5] tona miheca saka 3 folad saka 11 romi’ad mahapinang to ko katenak i hekal.[6] O tapang no Linheko ci Kutolisu(安東尼歐•曼努埃爾•德奧利維拉•古特瑞斯 GCL GCC;Portokar a sowal: António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres) sowal saan: ona lifong nani kaherekan no Sakatosa Lalood no Hekal o sakakaay ko kakaleteng a si’ayawen no tamdaw sanay.[7]

Pacefaday a Tilid(註解) 
[1] Coronavirus disease named Covid-19. BBC News. 2020-02-11 [2021-01-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-15） （英國英語）.

[2] Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) Situation Report – 22 (PDF). 世界衛生組織. 2020-02-11 [2020-02-26]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-02-26）.

[3] Hui, David S.; I Azhar, Esam; Madani, Tariq A.; Ntoumi, Francine; Kock, Richard; Dar, Osman; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Mchugh, Timothy D.; Memish, Ziad A. The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health - The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. International journal of infectious diseases: IJID: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 02 2020, 91: 264–266 [2021-01-15]. ISSN 1878-3511. PMC 7128332 . PMID 31953166. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-23）.

[4] COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). ArcGIS. Johns Hopkins University. [2022-07-22] （英語）.

[5] 冠狀病毒症狀. 美國疾病控制與預防中心（CDC）. 2020-05-13 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-17） （中文（簡體））.

[6] Hopkins, Claire. Loss of sense of smell as marker of COVID-19 infection. Ear, Nose and Throat surgery body of United Kingdom. [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-05-27） （英語）.

[7] Oran DP, Topol EJ. The Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections That Are Asymptomatic : A Systematic Review. Annals of Internal Medicine. January 2021, 174 (5): M20–6976. PMC 7839426 . PMID 33481642. doi:10.7326/M20-6976.

[8] Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). 美國疾病控制與預防中心（CDC）. 2020-09-10 [2020-09-13]. （原始內容存檔於2020-03-02） （美國英語）.

[9] Post-COVID Conditions. 美國疾病控制與預防中心. 2021-04-08 [2021-06-27]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-03） （英語）.（中文翻譯 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館））

[10] Post-COVID Conditions. 美國疾病控制與預防中心. 2021-04-08 [2021-06-27]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-03） （英語）.（中文翻譯 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館））

[11] 2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）專題問答. 世界衛生組織. 2020-04-17 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-14） （中文（簡體））.

[12] COVID-19如何傳播. 美國疾病控制與預防中心（CDC）. 2020-06-16 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-23）.

[13] Q & A on COVID-19: Basic facts. 歐洲疾病預防控制中心. [2020-09-23]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-23） （英語）.

[14] 2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）專題問答. 世界衛生組織. 2020-04-17 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-14） （中文（簡體））.

[15] Stadnytskyi, Valentyn; Bax, Christina E.; Bax, Adriaan; Anfinrud, Philip. The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020-06-02, 117 (22): 11875–11877. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7275719 . PMID 32404416. doi:10.1073/pnas.2006874117 （英語）.[失效連結]

[16] 2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）專題問答. 世界衛生組織. 2020-04-17 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-14） （中文（簡體））.

[17] COVID-19如何傳播. 美國疾病控制與預防中心（CDC）. 2020-06-16 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-23）.

[18] 問答：2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）是如何傳播的？. 世界衛生組織. 2020-07-09 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-23） （中文（簡體））.

[19] 2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）專題問答. 世界衛生組織. 2020-04-17 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2020-05-14） （中文（簡體））.

[20] COVID-19如何傳播. 美國疾病控制與預防中心（CDC）. 2020-06-16 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-23）.

[21] Oran, Daniel P.; Topol, Eric J. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2020-06-03, 173 (5): 362–367 [2020-12-30]. ISSN 0003-4819. PMC 7281624 . PMID 32491919. doi:10.7326/M20-3012. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-21）.

[22] Fauci Calls for Americans to Pull Together to Fight COVID-19. 美國微生物學會（ASM）. [2020-12-30]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-19） （英語）.

[23] Nussbaumer-Streit, Barbara; Mayr, Verena; Dobrescu, Andreea Iulia; Chapman, Andrea; Persad, Emma; Klerings, Irma; Wagner, Gernot; Siebert, Uwe; Christof, Claudia. Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 04 08, 2020, 4: CD013574 [2021-01-15]. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7141753 . PMID 32267544. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013574. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-21）.

[24] Guidance on social distancing for everyone in the UK. GOV.UK. [2020-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2020-03-24）.

[25] 佩戴口罩的注意事項. 美國疾病控制與預防中心（CDC）. 2020-08-07 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-23） （中文（簡體））

[26] Feng, Shuo; Shen, Chen; Xia, Nan; Song, Wei; Fan, Mengzhen; Cowling, Benjamin J. Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine. 05 2020, 8 (5): 434–436 [2021-01-15]. ISSN 2213-2619. PMC 7118603 . PMID 32203710. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30134-X. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-23）.

[27] 關於2019新型冠狀病毒疫情的《國際衛生條例（2005）》突發事件委員會第二次會議的聲明. 世界衛生組織. [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-30）.

[28] 世衛組織總幹事2020年3月11日在2019冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）疫情媒體通報會上的講話. 世界衛生組織. 2020-03-11 [2020-08-26]. （原始內容存檔於2020-03-12） （中文（簡體））. 因此我們評估認為COVID-19已具有大流行特徵。

[29] 古特雷斯：全球面對二戰以來最嚴峻危機 世衛：新冠疫情在亞太地區“遠未結束”. 法國國際廣播電台. 2020-03-31 [2020-04-03]. （原始內容存檔於2020-04-04） （中文（繁體））