Ak'ak (烏鴉) 
Ak’ak o nano howakan a selal (tilid a ngangan: Corvus, Inkiris: Crow) ’ayam ko pitahidang, nano ’alolil a ak’akan, adihay i kasa ta’akay niyaro’ manengneng matiniay ’ayam. O cifana’ay a ’a’adopen ko ak’ak, o mafana’ay misanga’ pali’ayaw to dademaken a halaka[1].

No ’Amis/Pangcah ponkaan a ak’ak. 

Ak’ak, saki tini a ’Amis/Pangcah a pinengneng to ak’ak o tatiihay, paysin han no sasowalen. Orasaka ano icowacowa to a manengneng ko ak’ak i, tatiih ko finacadan paka’araw, mitatoy to sapilaplap fokeloh, ’acam, celi’ han mi’ang’angen miko’eko.

Nawhani o asimaanay a manaholay ka’acekan ko makaenay no ak’ak, ka’osien no ’Amis/Pangcah, caay ka komaen ko tamdaw to ak’ak, Waco, ’oner, lidep ato ’ekong. 

Ano manengneng ko ak’ak i katalalotok ano eca i lalan ka’osian ko nian, nikawrira, ano mahitefo i fadahong no loma’ ano eca mahitefo i papotal no loma’, o pahapinangay o aira ko tatiihay demak no loma’, orasaka o sapipalasawadaw to tatiihay a demak, pakanengneng ho ko finawlan i lawac no lomaloma’ a mililis i, mi’ang’ang to ano eca milood to lalosidan a milaplap to ak’ak.

Yincumin no ka’amisay Amilika (北美洲的原住民) 
Pakanengneng to ak’ak mato iraay ko tatiihay demak, nika pa’orip ciira to tamdaw.

Masowal ko kimad no hekal to ak’ak, so’elinay o ma’eferay a ak’ak(howak) ko masowalay.

Itini i yincumin no ka’amisay Amilika a safaniyot, masowal nangra ko ma’eferay ak’ak(howak) matiya o tato’asan a masadak saan. Orama ira i pisanga’ to hekal a kimadan masowal.

Itini i Tlingit a tamdaw a kimad i, o ma’eferay ak’ak(howak) mipatolon to ’alilis panakay nai kakarayan to lamal, itiya palalikelen to sapilikat i tamdamdaw. O kafafalic no sasowalen i, ira mafohat ko cidal, mapatedi to no kakarayan ko likat i tamdawan, nika ano cima ko pakalayapay to “Pafeliay to likat i tamdaw, pasifana’ay to taneng” o mamalasawad to sakanga’ay saan. I nika awa ho no ’ayam i syakay, alatek o soni a ngiha no ak’ak ko pakafana’ay to ta’engad, patayniay to likat a saanay.

Dotocen ko no romaroma niyaro’ a kimad, sa’ayaway no hekal o masimeday i laloma’ no ’a’olec, o to’emanay ko laloma’. Nikawrira itiya toya romi’ad. O ak’ak ko mimowaday toya ’a’olec, pasadadak i hekal ko masamaamaanaya lalosidan a mapalenak, ta masanga’ ko matiniay a hekal. So’elinay, nama fohat kia tosaay a ’a’olec, ano eca o lalosidan macolo’ patayra maparocek masa’isal (mana’ang ko kakaenen), saheto o ak’ak ko midemakay to nian.

O roma, ira ho ko roma a niyaro’ pakayniay to nia kimad, sa’ayaway no hekal saheto o malipahakay a rihaday, malofic ko heci no kilakilang, o nanom nai takaraway pasalaeno matefad, nikawrira nawhani matoled to tamdaw, palatiihen no ak’ak ko hekal a caay to kafangcal, o ta,daw maroray to malingad saka ira no nga’ayay ’orip. O matiraay aca, nika tangasa anini mararid mipadang to kalifotan sakatadanca no tamdaw ko ak’ak, o hahatiraen ko pihirateng “Ah ah, o sapapikodosaw no kawas takowanan koni hakiya!”

Siberia tangasa ’Amis Amilika (西伯利亞到北美) 
Nai Siberia tangasa ’Amis Amilika ko mi’adopay a finacadan to saki maeferay ak’ak (howak) a nengneng, matiya o nai maraayay takaraway pasilaeno minengneng, maemin mafana’, masapinang ko nengneng a ’ayam. Alatek o nao pakanengneng to maeferay ak’ak (howak) saka manengnengay ko nano demak no tamdamdaw, ira ho ko mapatayay a tireng masapinang to a tangsol sa miraod milingling, o caayay kanga’ay no tamdaw midemok ko kilakilangan pasadak to caayay kafana’en a ngiha miceli’ to pahecian no demak.

Maeferay ak’ak (howak) sataliyoliyok sa maefer itira, o ngiha naira ko sakalalicay, i macakatay a kimeto ko syakay, mina’on to mitiniay a demak. O nano sowal to pakayniay i cairaan to matamaay a ’a’adopen misatata’ang to ngiha miceli’, mitahidang to oles a tayni. O roma itini i ciso’edaay a a pala masapinang ko naripa’an no oles, itiya a misolap to sakacifatis; ira ko somowalay a tamdaw, tona pakatengil caira to piceli’ no oles a masaopo. O nian pakasanek to talacowa ko pakinali, nika manga’ay no maeferay ak’ak (howak) masanek ko i lawacay no oles a mi’adopay tamdaw, tinako o tamdaw to, pamotek to a minengneng.

So’elinay, talacowa caay ko maeferay ak’ak (howak), nika o ta’akay ko satekek a ak’ak (howak) mikotoday i aikor no mi’adopay. Nano milicay kako to papinaay a mi’adopay tamdaw paca’of cangra i ikor to no pakaala to ’a’adopen itiya saan, ak’ak talifahalan sa ira, pakanengneng to kalinah no ak’ak, mitiya i akoray no Waco a milaop.

Ainu finacadan a kimad (愛奴族的傳說) 
Itini i Ainu finacadan a kimad i, tona nipi’adop to tomay i ira ko ak’ak miraod i dihif no tomay a  pasifana’ to mi’adopay tamdaw, saka miahowid ko mi’adopay to ak’ak, saka misiday ko mi’adopay to titi no tomay a pafatis, o saka nga’ay no ak’ak a komaen, patadoen a mica’it i kilang. Nawhani o mi’adopay tamdaw minengneng to oles o satadamaanay mi’adopay saan, mitiya o kapot no oles ko maeferay ak’ak (howak), nanoyaan a mapalatadamaanay caira to nian.

Sa’amis no Europ a kimad (北歐神話) 
Sa’amis no Europ a maeferay ak’ak (howak) mitini to ko patadamaan i cairaan. Sa’amis no Europ a kimad satakaraway kawas ci Odin,  i tosaay a kahong ira ko masa^kimay a Hugin/taneng ato Munin/hirateng a tasaay ak’ak (howak). Oni tosaay a maeferay ak’ak (howak) i kataengadan no romi’ad maeferay milaliw, mililis to hekal, piliyawan to ko cidal ira to a patiko i tatihi ni Odin, masasiiked i kawanan kawili pasowal ci Odinan to demak no hekal toya romi’ad.

Pinengnengan tilid.(參考文獻) 
1.烏鴉能像四歲兒童那樣提前制定計畫. [2017-08-01]. （原始內容存檔於2020-04-03）.

Papotalay a calay (外部連結) 
http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/crowfaq.htm

http://www.birdhouses101.com/crow.asp

http://www.crows.net/