Lesotho（賴索托） 

Lesotho hongti a kitakit (Sesoto sowal: Mmuso wa Lesotho, Inkiris: Kingdom of Lesotho), kasomowal Lesotho, ino katimolay a Africa faniyot, o sata’akay kitakit a kitakit i hekal, o polong mataliyokay no South Africa nikapolongan kitakit, katatongodan a ngapir calay 909 kongli ko kakaya’. Nawhani o takaraway a dafdaf, sasowalen ko Lesotho o “I kakarayanay hongti a kitakit” [3]. Oni Lesotho kitakit sanay a sowal “o somowalay to Sesoto a tamdaw” sanay.

O nano Inkiris a nicingcingan a sera, orasaka sacisowal sa ko Europe to Lesotho o Basutilan saan. O Lesotho o nano lekapot no tata'akay Inkiris a lekatep, i 1966 miheca 10 folad 4 romi’ad nai Inkiris misiiked. O dadahal no kitakit ira ko 30355 pinfang kongli, 2018 miheca tamdaw salongam 210 ’ofad 8328 ko tamdaw. O tararikoray ko kicay no Lesotho, o saawaay ko kacowat a kitakit, salongan ira ko 49% a tamdaw ko ’orip o sasafaay no kasakitakit manikaway calay cecay romi’ad 1.25 Amilika payso, orasaka o AIDS caay ka ’emed[4].

Likisi (歷史)

’Aya:way likisi (早期歷史) 
Saan ko mikingkiway to likisi nihaydaan a sowal, o San tamdaw i o nano Basuto finacadan, Coy tamdaw ato cecay nai kawaliay no sifo’ay a Africa sahefong mafolaway tayni a Bantu sowal dotoc a fanacadan[5]

I 19 sici, katimolay no Africa Bantu a tamdaw o kacacefis to sera ato nanom, oarasaka mararawraw masala’eday rimi’ad halafinay a “lalood no niyaro’”, o sasowalen a likisi “Zulu Civil War” hananay[6]. I 1818 miheca, tona ka’amisay a Zulu hongti kitakit sodsod sa malamikowanay, katimolay sa a malopisakay ko aro’ aniniay Lesotho (itiya o Basutulan) katimolay a niyaro malowid ni Moshushu saka cecay a tapang palekatep.

O ’aya:way Basutulan hongti kitakit (巴蘇陀王國早期) 
I 1822 miheca, ci Moshushu saka cecay a tapang patireng to Basuto hongti kitakit. Nikawrira ikor no 1 miheca to 1823 miheca miteka marawraw a malalood ato pahiceraay itini a Netherland a micingcingay Boolean tamdaw, ikor masasitilid to katatelek.

I 1853 miheca, malaliyaw hace ato Inkiris rarawraw to salongan a siwtoc, ikor paterep masasitelek to kasasinga’ay.

I 1858 miheca, malaliyaw rarawraw ato Boolean tamdaw macacefisay to sera a siwtoc, itiya i 1865 mihecaan mangalef a mangalef.

O Basutulan picingcingan (巴蘇陀蘭殖民時期) 
I 1868 miheca, o sapiliyang to Boolean tamdaw micalap a katalawan, ci Moshushu saka cecay a tapang mingitangit to Inkiris a mala no Inkiris a dadipoten a sera, itiya o Basutulan han ito.

I 1870 miheca, mapatay to ci Moshushu.

I 1871 miheca, itiya pacomod han to no Inkiris ko Basutulan i Cape nicingcingan a sera, kaliyangen no finawlan a milifet, ikor tatongotongodsa ko kalaloodan.

I 1884 miheca, nengneng han o caayay to ka’emet ko nia demak no niyaro’, mihapiw ko Inkiris to Basutulan mala o “satakaraway citodongay a sera”, pasasiikeden to 7 ko dademakan sa’etal, kasa’etal miocor ko citodongay no Inkiris a maro’ itira.

I 1945 miheca, paherek ko saka 2 kalaloodan, Inkiris, France i Africa nicingcingan mikowan a nitatenaan mapeleng. I 1955 miheca, o Basutulan pasayra i Inkiris milongoc to patikoaw to sapidemak ato sapirikec a salongoc.

I 1959 miheca, o Inkiris mihayda no Basutulan to sapifalic a tilid, midotoc patireng to “patirengay to kimpo kalomaocan” ato “noniyah pikowan a sifo” (ano ’arawen o pafelian ko sakowan, so’elinay oya: to o Inkiris ko citodongay mitelek). Oya mihecaan, mihapiw to fa^elohay kimpo, misitapang patala to citodongay to pirikecan “patirengay to kimpo kalomaocan” a singkiw.

I 1960 miheca, o “patirengay to kimpo kalomaocan” a singkiwan, o Basutulan ta’akay a sarekad (BCP) ko pakalowiday.

I 1965 miheca 4 folad 29 romi’ad, midemak ko Basutulan sakinacecay polong no kitakit to kalomaocan a singkiw, nawhani o Souyh Africa sifo a nicoderan a payso, saka o Basutulan Komin sarekad (BNP) ko ’alimanay ko lomaocay, saka tosa romi’ad patireng to noniyah pikowan a sifo, o tapang ci Moshushu saka tosa hongti kitakit masongila’ to kacitodong.

Lesotho hongti kitakit kacitodongan (賴索托王國時期) 
I 1966 miheca 10 folad 4 romi’ad, Moshushu saka tosa mihapiw to pisiiked, patireng to ngangan no kitakit o Lesotho hongti kitakit, midemak to no hontian rikec, o Basutulan Komin sarekad (BNP) a kakeridan tamdaw ci Jonathan.

I 1970 miheca 1 folad, ci Jonathan nai pisikedan a singkiw malasawad to ’alomanay a sarekad a kacitodong. I 1970 miheca 2 folad, ci Jonathan caay ka kahi patorod to sapikowang, mihapiw to matamoray a demak, mihapiw ko niyah o kakeridan no kitakit. O hongti no kitakit ci Moshushu saka tosa a marofo, ikor malafel milaliw to.

I 1970 miheca 6 folad, ci Moshushu saka tosa mangalay milayap a caay to pikihar to sici, i 12 folad patiko minokay i kitakit, ci Jonathan midemak to nisateked a mikowan.

I 1973 miheca 3 folad, mapatangic no laloma’ay papotalay kitakit a kasasowalen, ci Jonathan misatapang mitahidang to sapipartireng to “linci finawlan kalomaocan” a fa^elohay kimpo.

I 1973 miheca 7 fola, ci Jonathan mihapiw palasawa to to matamoray a demak.

I 1986 miheca 1 folad 1 romi’ad, o Lesotho mifilih ko sofitay, ci Lekhanya kakerian mifelih to sifo ni Jonathan. Nanoya “linci finawlan kalomaocan” makotay no sofitay wuyyinhuy.

I 1988 miheca 4 folad, no Lesotho lalimaay a miliyangay a sarekad milongoc to sakalomowadaw no finawlan a sakowan to sifo. Caay kahalafin, o Basotho ta’akay sarekad (BCP) kakeridan tamdaw ci Nzu Mohle paherek ko kalafel a minokay i kitakit.

I 1990 miheca 2 folad, sofitay sifo ato hongti macacefis to sakowan, ci Moshushu saka tosa malingangan ko pisarikec ato sakadademak a salongo. 11 folad, sofitay sifo mapalasawad ko kacingangan ni Moshushu saka tosa, patireng to sakakaay wawa ci Letzier saka tolo ko hongti no kitakit.

I 1991 miheca 4 folad 30 romi’ad, miliyaw rarawraw masasifelih ko sofitay, matefad ci Lekhanya, ci Elias Ramaema a kakeridan ko mikeriday to sofitay wuyyinhuy.

I 1992 miheca 6 folad, o sofitay wuyyinhuy mihapiw i 11 folad misingkiw. Ta miocor to tamdaw tayra i London miala ci Moshushu saka tosa panokay.

I 1993 miheca 3 folad, sofitay sifo pafeli to sakowan i finawlan midemak to saka 2 a singkiw. O Basotho ta’akay sarekad (BCP) a kakeridan ci Nzu Mohle mala kakeriday no kitakit.

I 1994 miheca, sofitay pakayni i kakaenen ato kalipidaan a macangal rarawraw masasietoc. Toya miheca 8 folad, ci Letzier saka tolo i kararawrawan mipalowad to sapifelih, macefis to ko sapikowan, mihapiw to sapiiliyaw a misingkiw no kalomaocan, midakdak to patiko ci Moshushu saka tosa a kacingangan.

I 1995 miheca 1 folad 25 romi’ad, ci Moshushu saka tosa mapalowad ko kacingangan.

I 1996 miheca 1 fola, ci Moshushu saka tosa matolo’ a mapatay. Saka 2 folad, ci Letzier saka tolo miliyaw mapatireng ko kalahongti no kitakit.

I 1998 miheca 5 fola, midemak to saka tolo a singkiw, Lesotho pakoniraay ta’akay sarekad ci Pacalita Mosicili to ko kakerida no kitakit, miliyangay a sarekad milifet to fa^elohay sifo, sofitay tamaw mafafelih, mararawraw mafafelih ko sofitay.

I 2002 miheca 5 folad, midotoc to macamolay singkiw sakafangcal ko demak misingkiw, o Lesotho pakoniraay ta’akay sarekad pakalowid ho, kakeridan no sarekad ci Pacalita Mosicili to ko kakerida no kitakit.

I 2007 miheca 2 folad 17 romi’ad, midemak to fa^elohay kalomaocan singkiw. O Lesotho pakoniraay ta’akay sarekad pakalowid ho to kalomaocan nao 120 ko ngangan to 61 ngangan, polong no Basuto ta’akay sareka ira ko 17 ko ngangan[7].

Palapalaan (地理)

Aaro’an (位置) 
O Lesotho o i katimolay no Africa a safaniyot kaitiraan. O dadahal ira ko 30355 pinfang kongli, o i takaraway dafdaf laloma’ay kitakit, o salawacan no kitakit saheto maliyokay no South Africa.

Cahedal no sera (地貌) 
Makarotoday ko sera no Lesotho, takaraw ko kawali paener ko kaetip, takaraway lotok ira ko 58%, dafdaf ira ko 17%, o masa’apoloay 15%, ’alo ira ko 10%, manga;ayay kaliomahen a sera iro ko 24 ’ofad a kofo, o 13% i polong no kitakit.

Kawali ka’amis o iraay 1800-3000m a lotolotok ato takaraway dafdaf, o Orange ’alo ato Tugela ’alo a tatapangan;

Kaetip katimol mililis to salawacan ira ko dadahalay to 40 kongli dadahalay a masa’apoloay, polong tamdaw no kitakit 70% itira a masaopo[8].

Kafafalic no romi’ad (氣候) 
O Lesotho nao fa'edetay kakarayan karaso’emetay romi’ad. 5-9 folad o kakedalan, 10-4 folad o ka’oradan, sa’akaraway a falawfaw 33˚C, o sapoeneray -7˚C.

sici (政治)

Kimpo (憲法) 

Aniniay kimpo nai 1993 miheca 3 folad mihapiw misitapang. Matelek i kimpo: hongti no kitakit o kakeridan no kitakit ato mirikecay a hongti, laloma’an citodongay to kadademak, kakeridan o tapang no  sifo.

Sifo (政府) 
Laloma’an no citodongay ira ko:

Kakeridan tapang citodong to pilaocan no kitait, kincac ato sakarihaday no kitakit ko todong.

Micokeray to Kakeridan tapang citodong to no niyaro’ a sifo, tapang no niyaro’ ato kalomaocan a demak ko todong.

Fafahiyan, kapah, onto ato kalawlaan ko todong.

Pacomahad mihalaka ko todong.

Kapolongan patadoay ko todong.

Kinairaira, kasafalifalic ato nanom ko todong.

Kapolongan dafong ko todong.

Pirarakatan, taloyok nap alas ato ponka ko todong.

Kapolongan dadekakan ato picolo’an ko todong.

Sarikec, tamdaw salongoc ato kimpo a dademaken ko todong.

Kasacalay paratoh ato kaki ko todong.

Kilingan ato sera pisaomah ko todong.

Kalaliaca, kikayan sakatayal, kakomod ato icifa ko todong.

Fodawan ko todong.

Kaliomahan ato karihaday no kakaenen ko todong.

Kiwiko ato pinanam ko todong.

Kacowat no syakay ko todong.

Katayalan ato kalingadan ko todong.

Kakeridan tapang laloma’an ko todong.

Hoying ato palatamdaway ko todong.

Kacacofelan a demak ato kasakitakit demak ko todong.

Isian ko todong.

Laloma’an demak ko todong.

Lamaocan (議會) 
Tosaay ko kalomaocan faco no kitakit[9].

Fafa'eday kalomaocan ira ko 33 no lomaocay, nidotoc tono kakeridan no dademakay ko hongti to patoro’an a 11 ko lomaocay ato 22 ko tapang no niyaro’ a sakapot.

Kararemay kalomaocan ira ko 120 ko lomaocay sakapot, lomaocay nai sa’etal nisingkiwan a taypiaw ato patodongan taypiaw k sakareko, 5 miheca k rekad.

Sician a kasarekad (政黨) 

Mitokiay ira ko 19 a sician a kasarekad, maparapot ko 12 a sician a kasarekad i tona rekad kalomaocan a ngangan. Ira ko 7 a tadamaanay sician a kasarekad sasiiked:

1. Basotho National Party

2. All Basotho Convention Party

3. Lesotho Congress for Democracy

4. Democratic Congress

5. National Independent Party

6. Lesotho Workers Party

O romaroma to o mimingay a sician a kasarekad: o Basotholand Convention Party, Lesotho people Convention Party, Mari Matlu-freeden Party, Lesotho communist party, All Congress forgroup party.

kacacofelan a demak dademaken (外交政策) 
Nawhani dahdah ko kaitiraan no pala, miti’er to no South Africa ko sici ato kicay ko Lesotho, o nia tosaay kitakit masasinga’ayay. O Europe a kitakit masasinga’ay ko kacacofelan to Lesotho, nika dengan o Congko ato pina kitakit ko patirengay to kadademakan itira.

O Lesotho o mikapoay to katimolay Africa faniyot to cowatan lekatep ato katimolay Africa faniyot lisataan lekatep. Roma, o mikapotay to Linhoko ko Lesotho, o Africa faniyot nipatatekoan ato Tata'akay Inkiris a Lekatep.

I 1983 miheca 4 folad 30 romi’ad, o Lesotho ato Congko kitakit patireng to kacacofelan a demak. I 1990 miheca 4 folad malaliyaw ko Lesotho ato Taywan (ROC) kacacofelan a demak, itiya o Congko ato Lesotho kitakit misasisawad to acacofelan a demak. 1994 miheca 1 folad 12 romi’ad, Congko kitakit ato Lesotho kitakit miketon malaliyaw ko kacacofelan a demak. 2005 miheca 11 folad 30 romi’a tangasa 12 folad 6 romi’ad, o Lesotho hongti kitakit a citodongay kakeridan ci Pacalita Mosicili miliso’ to Congko.

O kasasiiked a sakowan (行政區劃) 
Polong no kasasiiked 10 ko sakowan. O kasaniyaro’ citodongay caay ho ka patireng, oya sa o tapang no niyaro’ ko midemakay citodongay to no niyaro’, anini ira ko 1084 tamdaw ko tapang no niyaro’ [11].

Kicay (經濟) 

Nawhan i 1998 miheca rarawraw masasiwtoc to singkiw, saka fafelih no sofitay, mararawraw ko finawlan, masapater ko kicay[12]. Ikor no 2000 mihecaan, o kicay cemahad tira to i 3-4%, o macekelay ko kacemahad.

O finawlan ko pi’arawan a sa’osi (國民生產總值) 
O kinaira no finawlan o nai katayra i South Africa a misafodawanay a pinafalic a payso, maomahan kinaira, katinolay Africa faniyot lisataan lekatep a sata malsalan ato padama no papotalay kitakit.

O payso masasdakay no sifo a GDP ira ko 27%[13].

Kaliomah (農業) 

I laloma’an no kitakit ira ko faloay a finawlan maro’ay i maomahan sa’etal a malingaday, nikawrira nawhani masonol ko sera ato mihecaan kafodo’an, o kakaenen caay ka’edeng ko no niyah, mata’elif ko pito mitado to no South Africa a pacomodan, takaraw ko ’aca, caay ko karenecan no finawlan koni, orasaka to mihecahecaan a makedal[14].
Oni kaomahan a kinaira ira ko: ’ariray, ^mi, kalitangan, falisan, kalo’emi, pina’orip. Maomahan kinaira a GDP ira ko 7.4%.

Kikay ko sakatayal (工業) 
Laloma’ no kitakit awaayay ko katayalan ira ko 25%. Kasakapah a tamdaw o madengaay no AIDS sakatolo no hekal, saka malasawad to ko matayalal, o matayalay tamdaw no kitakit dengan 874,200.

Tona mihecaan, ono Taywan patodongan a misariko’ay macowatay[15], saki Amilika a nitenooyan pasadakan o saka cecay i katimolay Africa safaniyot, o micokeray to kicay no finawlan a nitayalan, to mihecaan micomod to 5 payso no Amilika. Nikawrira macakat ko rand no South Africa, pinayar no Amilika to “Africa safaniyot kacakat ato sakapatodong a rikec” mahayda ko no Africa safoniyot salaenoay a cemahad a kitakit matayalay a militado to saka tolo kitakit a lalosidan patayra i Amilika tenooyan dafong manayar ko sapakahafay ato hekalan tenooyan a malacecayay caayay ko sakanga’ay, i 2010 mihecaan, o misanga’ay to riko’ a tayal talahenotay.

I 2013 miheca, mapasadakay polong ira ko 941,200,000 payso no Amilika, saheto nano nisanga’an a (riko’ ato kacu), fanoh no siri ato fanoh efa no riyar, kakaenen ato ma’oripay ’a’adopen, dingki, nanom, falatfatay fokeloh[16].

Patadoay tayal (服務業) 
Mipalowad pacomahad ko sifo to pirarakatan, pina miheca miliyaw mifaic to hotel ato i lotokay pirarakatan ato cecay kitakit koying, o marsarakatay saho to nai South Africa, 2012 mihecaan micomoday kinaira no mirarakatay ira 6 walwalan malotti payso (7300 ’ofa Amilika payso) [17]. Oni kitakit o itiniay i riyaran 1000m, malo caayay kanengneng ira ko katefa no so^ea niyaro’ no Africa safaniyot, matatoong ko kaciso^eda, manga’ay macoker ko Africa safaniyot pieseran to so^ea pisalamaan[18]. 

I 2006 miheca ira ko salongan 5.2 ’ofad matayalay tayra i Saouth Africa matayal to misamararay mietan to papotalay payso. 

Ira ko salongan fafahiyan mapatangicay tayra roma kitakit paamso tasalamaan pataoay tayal. Sifo maedes ko pi’emet to paci’ciay to sakacilafo.

Papotalay sadama (外國援助) 
Tosaay padamaan nai Inkiris, Amilika, Irelan, Germany, Dipong kitakit padamsoay; adihayay padama nai Europe nipatatekoan, Africa cowatan kiking no payso, Linhoko kakaenen halakaan ato kasakitakit sapicemahad kasacefang.

I 2011 miheca, o hekalay-kinko padamso to 5000 ’ofad Amilika payso a sapadang, saki kiwiko, isi, maomah, salawacan rihaday patirengan ato Metron tafa’ a kamok patirengan.

I 2013 miheca 6 folad, hekalay-kinko padamso to 1.8 walwalan malotti payso caayay patikoen, padama midemak macowat pidamak to halaka; oya folad o Saudi Arabia mihayda to hekalan kakaenen halaka padamso to 19.6 ’ofad Amilika payso a kakaenen sadama.

I 2013 miheca 7 folad, masasitelek to Europe nipatatekoan, o Europe nipatatekoan pasamso to 680 ’ofad Europe payso, sapadang patireng to pasomso, pifalahan to nanom a faco.

Syakay (社會)

Parana’an patirengan (基礎設施) 
Laloma’an a takaraway dafdaf pananoman katayalen nai 1911 miheca mademak, o sata’akay a pananoman tayalen i Africa safanoyot, nai Lesotho ato South Africa kapolongan patireng.

Kalalaedan to maci Maseru ira ko 35 kongli a Matron tafa’ ato padamso to nanom kamok (MDWSP) patireng nai 2010 miheca, o sapipatireng a payso polong saheto nai roma kitakit nipadangan, itini i 2014 miheca misitapang. O Congko tingkian kakeridan o 8000 ’ofad Amilika payso ko citodongay tina tafa’ a demak ato nano sapompo katayalan.

Karomakat (交通)

Lalan (公路) 
Polong no kakaya’ ira ko 5,940 kongli, ira ko mapatangiiway a lalan to 1069 kongli, roma o si’elac lalan ato yaan a lalan.

Marar lalan (鐵路) 
Away ko masiikeday faco no marar a lalan, dengan minayatay tangasa i maci Maseru a 2.6 kongli a marar lalan sapicolo’ to dafong pasadak.

Hikoki (航空) 
Laloma’an no kitakit mahalaka ko 24 hikokiciw, itiraay i Maseru maci a Moshushu saka cecay kasakitakit hikokiciw manga’ay maefer ko kamimingay hikoki[19].

Tamdaw (人口) 
O ka’aloman no tamdaw.

O tamdaw no Lesotho salongan ira ko 1,942,008[20].

O finawlan 99.7% ko tamdaw o nano Bantu sowal a Basuto finacadan ato Zulu finacadan, ira ko papina a Europe tamdaw ato Asia tamdaw[21].

Masamaciay tomdaw ira ko 27.6%, roma maro’ay i inaka maomahay sa’etal.

Sakasasowal pakayraan (語言宗教) 
O Inkiris sowal, Sesoto sowal o no Lesotho hingti kitakit a sowal.

Finawlan o mitooray to Kristokiw pakayraan, ira ko Islam ato to’asan pakayraan[22].

Kapolongan isi (公共衛生) 
O Lesotho maledefay to AIDS a mapades. Nai 2009 miheca o ciadadaay to AID ato cihakelongay to sadenga adada ira ko 26 ’ofad tamdaw, mato’asay tamdaw a ciadadaay ira 23.6%, o satakaraway i hekal a sa’etal. I maci sa’etal, safaay no 40 ko mihecaana fafahiyan salongan ira ko 50% ko madengaay to nia AIDS[23].

Nai 1990 mihecaan miteka, o Lesotho salongan a ’orip nai 60 mihecaan masereray tangasa 35 miheca, 15-60 mihecaan a mapatayay ira ko 78.65%. o takaraway ko kapatay, maomahay a kinaira malowanay to[24].

O masararemay ko isi no Lesotho, nai 2011 miheca 9 folad miteka, o padamaay a Congko to Lesotho misatapong i ngataay no Masaru Laribe sa’etal ising midama to paisingan tayal.

Ponka (文化)

Kiwiko (教育) 
I 2000 mihecaan miteka, o mimingay pitilidan misitapang mirara midemak to caay ka li’aca kiwiko, mimingay pitilidan ira 85% ko mitiliday, o congsi ira ko 23%.

I 2001 mihecaan, finawlan to pikiwiko macakatay to, mafana’ay to tilid ira ko 89.6%, sa’ayaway kiwiko malenak tangasa 69.3%, o sapipasadak to sakikiwiko a GDP a ni polongan 13%, katimolay no Sahera a Africa safaniyot a kitakit o sa’ayaway to[25].

I 2013 miheca, no kiwiko a yosang ira ko 19.85 walwalan no Malotti, macalap to polong a yosang to 23.6%.

Saparatoh pitiya (傳媒) 
No tipelok a paratoh ono Inkiris a sinpon “finawlan mata sinpon”, “ta’asan sinpon”, “dadingo sinpon”, “misa’imeray” ato “aniniay romi’ad a Lesotho”. Sesoto tipelok “Malotti”, “Mosoto” 10 laloma’an ko misasinponay[26].

Laloma’an no kitakit ira ko no kitakit tilifi cecayay ato no kitakit a radio tasaay, mi’emet ko sifo to polong no miparatohay a pitiya.

Laloma’an no kitakit a wikidtingwa maredefay, i 2009 miheca polong no kitakit ira 76,800 ko calay a laloma’an[27].

Losid (服飾) 
To’asay a losid o miwikwikan a saong ato caefayen a pata’edip.

Itiniay tamdaw maolah micaedong to miwikwikan a saong, o sowal posoto saong, todong o losid no Lesotho kitakit, roma o coka malafayafay no kitakit. O saong masakimoloay, fafaed limaay ko fedfedan to rengos, o lilis no saong mapatodong to niwikwikan to rengos a masakool. O caefayen a pata’edip manga’ay to romi’ad dadaya kafafalic no romi’ad. kasienawan caefayen a pata’edip; mafoti’ kalosapata’edip; maorad sa kalokaepa[28].

Onto (體育) 
I 2008 mihecaan i Beijing Olimpiko ontokay ira ko lalima a ontoyin mikihatiyaay to masasikemoay ato malasong a lalifet.

O Lesotho ira ko taypiaw no kitakit, patireng to Lesotho kitakit a micokaray to mali, nikawrira caay ho pikihatiya to kasakitakit a lalifetan.

Raramod (婚姻) 
I Lesotho, midemak to cecay ko fainay ’aloman ko fafahi. Nikawrira anini o ’alomanay tamdaw cecayay ko fafahi. Aniniay hongti no kitakit miala to fafahi i, nano pa’ayaway to sowal cecayay ko fafahi yasanay picekeroh to cecay fainay cecay fafahi telek.

Pinengnengan tilid (參考資料) 
1. Lesotho. World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund (IMF). April 2022 

[2022-07-27]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2022-07-27） （Inkiris）.

2. Human Development Report 2019 (PDF). UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. [2019-12-21]. （o nano tilid (PDF) mateli i 2020-01-18）.

3. Welcome to the Kingdom in the Sky. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-02-25）.

4. THE FUTURE OF ADULT MORTALITY UNDER THE AIDS (PDF). [2014-04-25]. （o nano tilid (PDF) mateli i 2021-02-08）.

5. Lesotho a fanacadan ato kitakit a sapa’ayaw. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014-04-26）.

6. Congko syakay kakkoyin kaetipay no Asia Africa kingkiwyin- Lesotho, kalocalay mana’angan ko tilid. 2014-04-29.

7. Ministry of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of China Lesotho country profiles（history）. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-10-03）.

8. Earth from Space: Winter in southern Africa. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2019-06-15）.

9. Ministry of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of China Lesotho country profiles（parliament）. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-10-03）.

10. Ministry of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of China Lesotho country profiles(political party). [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-10-03）.

11. Ministry of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of China Lesotho country profiles（population）. [2014-07-07]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014-04-26）.

12.Cien koanyici. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-10-03）.

13. Economy - overview. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2007-06-12）.

14. Labor force - by occupation. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2007-06-12）.

15. Xuanzang Universitynikingkiwan- Taywan malinahay i Lesotho, calay a mina’angan, 2009-03-06.

16. CIA-Exports. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2007-06-12）.

17. Lesotho 2012 miheca rarakatan micomoday kinaira 6 walwalan Malotti, matongalay to mirarakatay to 

6.14%. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014-04-26）.

18. Cu yiyiaw. Africa safaniyot mimingay kitakit fafaway misimeday no so’eda pieseran, masapakoyocay micomahat to sakanga’ayaw, Hongkong. 01. 2022-

08-08.

19. Travel to Lesotho. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014-03-02）.

20. CIA Library：Lesotho population. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2007-06-12）.

21. People in Lesotho. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014-04-26）.

22. Ministry of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of China Lesotho country profiles（population）. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-10-03）.

23. HIV and AIDS in Lesotho. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2015-09-25）.

24. VITAL REGISTRATION. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-02-08）.

25. No hekal kingko patosokan kacomahad no hekal- Lesotho. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-02-27）.

26. Ministry of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of China Lesotho country profiles（Press and Publication）. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 

2015-10-03）.

27. Internet users. [2014-04-25]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2007-06-12）.

28. Lesotho Holam sa’etal. [2014-04-26]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014-04-26）.

Itini i 29 30 S, 28 30 E, noAfilika ko Lesotho.
Polong no sekalay i 30,355 sq km “saka 142 ko rayray no ngangan. ”
“O sekalay no sera i, 30,355 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 0 sq km ” 
Polong i 1,953,070 ko tamdaw.

sera(土地)
Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 76.10%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 1.50%, malo no roma to a sera 22.40%.

siyoto(首都)
O [[[Maseru]](馬塞盧) ko Siyoto.

katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日)
Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakamoetep 4 a romi’ad.

O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Letsie III(萊齊耶三世), patirengan a romi’ad i 1996 a miheca(年) saka 2 folad saka 7 a romi’ad. 

Pi’arawan to lakaw
 CIA
 外交部
 List of current heads of state and government
 

Pasawalian 'Amis