when did battle of bunker hill start and end
2323878
The Boston National Historical Park is an association of sites that showcase Boston's role in the American Revolution and other parts of history. It was designated a national park on October 1, 1974. Seven of the eight sites are connected by the Freedom Trail, a walking tour of downtown Boston. All eight properties are National Historic Landmarks. Five of the sites that make up the park are neither owned nor operated by the National Park Service, and operate through cooperative agreements established upon the park's creation. The park service operates visitor centers in Faneuil Hall and at the Charlestown Navy Yard. Boston National Historical Park, along with Boston African American and Boston Harbor Islands, comprise the National Parks of Boston, all under the same superintendent. Locations Park properties Bunker Hill Monument The Bunker Hill Monument, located at the top of Breed's Hill in the Charlestown neighborhood of Boston, is a granite obelisk that was constructed in the mid-19th century to commemorate the Battle of Bunker Hill, fought June 17, 1775. The property is owned and administered by the National Park Service. Bunker Hill Museum The park operates a small museum dedicated to the battle of Bunker Hill and other associated history, across the street from monument grounds. The museum is known for its large-scale diorama of the battle on the second floor. Charlestown Navy Yard The Charlestown Navy Yard is located on the southern edge of Charlestown on the banks of the Charles River. Used during the American Revolutionary War as a shipyard, it continued to serve as a base of the United States Navy until 1975, when the Navy turned the property over to the National Park Service. The Yard is home to (the oldest floating commissioned naval vessel in the world), and , a destroyer from the Second World War that is now operated as a museum ship. Dorchester Heights Dorchester Heights was fortified by General George Washington in March 1776, compelling the British to withdraw from Boston and ending the Siege of Boston. A monument was erected on the site in 1902. Located in South Boston, Dorchester Heights is the only site in the park that is not on the Freedom Trail. Affiliated sites and Freedom Trail partners Faneuil Hall Faneuil Hall was first constructed in the 1740s, and was the site of important pro-independence speeches. The hall is owned and operated by the city of Boston, with the park service offering talks in the Great Hall. Old North Church The Old North Church, built in 1723, was the location where Paul Revere had signal lanterns lit on the night of April 18, 1775, prior to his "midnight ride" that led to the Battles of Lexington and Concord and the start of the revolutionary war. The church, the oldest operating in Boston, has an Episcopalian congregation, which owns and operates the building. Old South Meeting House The Old South Meeting House, built in 1729 was the site of numerous pre-revolutionary meetings, including one, attended by a crowd
Boston National Historical Park
1020332
Salem Poor (1747–1802) was an enslaved African-American man who purchased his freedom in 1769, became a soldier in 1775, and rose to fame as a war hero during the American Revolutionary War, particularly in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Early life Salem Poor was born in 1747 into slavery on a farm in Andover in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The farm was owned by John Poor and Rebecca Poor and his son John Poor Jr. His first name may be derived from the Arabic word "salaam", meaning peace. Other sources explain that his name may have been derived from his place of birth. He bought his freedom on July 10, 1769, from John Poor Jr. for £27, a year's salary for an average working man at the time. This would be equivalent to about $5,600 in 2019 dollars. Military career In May 1775, Poor enlisted in the militia when he was about 28 years old. He served under Captain Benjamin Ames in Colonel James Frye's regiment. Colonel Frye's command consisted of Lieutenant-Colonel James Bricket, Major Thomas Poor, Adjutant Daniel Hardy, and Surgeon Thomas Kittredge. His regiment, with two others, totaled 850 soldiers. They marched from Cambridge to Charlestown, Massachusetts, where the officers decided to fortify Breed's Hill. At Breed's Hill, the regiments built a fort on the top of the hill using pick axes and shovels. The men worked quickly and quietly to ensure the British army occupying Boston did not know they were there. Salem Poor was one of three dozen African Americans who fought on Bunker Hill. As many as 5000 soldiers, both free and enslaved African Americans fought for the Patriots. Meanwhile, about twenty to thirty thousand black soldiers fought for Britain. The British had an army twice the size of the Americans. They would assault Breed's Hill on June 17, 1775. The Americans would push the British back in two assaults but would run out of ammunition and retreat during the third assault. Poor is best remembered today for his actions during the Battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775, where he was credited with mortally wounding British Lieutenant Colonel James Abercrombie, as he jumped onto the redoubt and yelled, "Surrender, you rebels." However, Abercrombie may have been killed due to friendly fire. John Pitcairn's army had previously fired on the patriots at Lexington and Concord. John Trumbull would create his famous series of paintings, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775, depicting the death of American rebel General Joseph Warren and British Lieutenant Colonel James Abercrombie. Poor's valor and gallantry at the Battle of Bunker Hill prompted 14 officers, including Colonel William Prescott and Colonel Jonathan Brewer, to cite him for heroism and petition the General Court of Massachusetts with the following statement: The Reward due to so great and Distinguished a Character. The Subscribers beg leave to Report to your Honorable. House (Which We do in justice to the Character of so Brave a man)
Salem Poor
125289
Bunker Hill, Bunkers Hill or Bunker's Hill may refer to: Massachusetts, U.S. Bunker Hill, after which the Battle of Bunker Hill was named, a hill in the Boston neighborhood of Charlestown Battle of Bunker Hill, a 1775 American Revolutionary War battle fought near the hill USS Bunker Hill (CV-17), an Essex-class aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill (CG-52), a Ticonderoga-class cruiser Bunker Hill Community College, a college in Charlestown, Boston Other places in the U.S. Bunker Hill, Los Angeles, California, a district in downtown Los Angeles Bunker Hill, Illinois Bunker Hill Township, Macoupin County, Illinois Bunker Hill, Indiana, a town in Miami County Grissom Joint Air Reserve Base or Bunker Hill Air Force Base Bunker Hill, Fayette County, Indiana Bunker Hill, Morgan County, Indiana Bunker Hill, Kansas Bunker Hill (Millersville, Maryland) Bunker Hill Township, Michigan Bunker Hill, Howard County, Missouri Bunker Hill, Lewis County, Missouri Bunker Hill, Stoddard County, Missouri Bunker Hill (Nevada), a mountain in the Toiyabe Range Bunker Hill, Oregon Bunker Hill, Tennessee Bunker Hill, Washington Bunker Hill, West Virginia Bunker Hill, Wisconsin Places in Australia Bunkers Hill, Victoria, location near Ballarat, Australia Places in Jamaica Bunkers Hill, Jamaica, location in Trelawny Parish Places in England Bunkers Hill, Cambridgeshire, a location in England Bunkers Hill, Greater Manchester, a location in England Bunkers Hill, Lincolnshire, a location in England Bunkers Hill, Norfolk, a location in England Bunker's Hill, Nottingham, location of St Stephen's Church, Bunker's Hill Bunkers Hill, Oxfordshire, a location in EnglandK Bunkers Hill, Suffolk, a location in England Bunker's Hill, Wolverhampton, an area of Wolverhampton, England Other uses Bunker Hill (film), a film by Kevin Willmott Bunker Hill (musician), American R&B and gospel singer Bunker Hill (song), a 2003 song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers Bunker Hill Historic District "Bunker Hill" (Supergirl), an episode of Supergirl The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775, painting See also Bunker Hill Covered Bridge Bunker Hill Military Academy Bunker Hill Mine and Smelting Complex Bunker Hill Monument Bunker Hill School Bunker Hill House, a National Register of Historic Places listing in Preble County, Ohio Pure Genius, an American medical drama television series originally titled Bunker Hill
Bunker Hill
13069586
Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge (March 5, 1739March 8, 1819) was an American physician, lawyer, farmer, and military officer who served as a colonel in the Massachusetts militia during the American Revolutionary War. Woodbridge was a commander at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and also owned a rum still, a wood lot, a grazing meadow, and a mill, and came to be the wealthiest man in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Colonel Woodbridge was also a member of the Massachusetts legislature for many years. Revolutionary War Battle of Bunker Hill Col. Woodbridge entered service on April 20, 1775, the day immediately following the Battles of Lexington and Concord. He commanded a regiment of Minutemen, which was organized into Woodbridge's (25th) Regiment. During the Siege of Boston, Woodbridge's regiment was based at Cambridge near Boston, and participated in the Battle of Bunker Hill, the first large-scale battle of the war. During the Siege of Boston and the Battle of Bunker Hill, Abijah Brown served as lieutenant colonel to Woodbridge, and William Stacy served as major. On June 17, 1775, immediately prior to the Battle of Bunker Hill, Woodbridge marched his regiment in good order from the mainland across the Charlestown Neck, an isthmus connecting the mainland with the Charlestown Peninsula and the battlefield. The regiment was under fire from British naval vessels as they crossed the neck to reinforce Col. William Prescott's regiment; British vessels were bombarding the battlefield and the Charlestown Neck prior to the assault of the British troops. General Israel Putnam, riding his horse from the battlefield to the neck, met Woodbridge's regiment and urged them to run to the battlefield. The rush to battle caused confusion and separation of Woodbridge's men as they arrived at the field of action. Parts of the regiment engaged and joined the battle. Woodbridge's regiment arrived at Bunker Hill immediately prior to the battle. A company from Woodbridge's regiment deployed on the right flank, and a portion of the regiment joined Colonel Prescott's regiment at the redoubt and breastwork on the hill. Woodbridge's regiment "was not commissioned, and there are few details of it, or of its officers, in the accounts of the battle." Reports of the battle indicate that the American defenders on the right flank fought valiantly from behind what cover they could find. The men at the redoubt and breastwork fought until they had no more bullets, finally fighting with the butts of their guns, rocks, and their bare hands. It is also reported that Woodbridge's regiment covered the retreat of the Continental Army across the Charleston Neck to the mainland after the hill was taken by the British. Lechmere's Point Woodbridge's regiment was actively involved throughout the Siege of Boston. On November 11, 1775, George Washington wrote to Congress of an incident during the siege, in which Col. Woodbridge and part of his regiment joined with Col. William Thompson's Pennsylvania regiment, defending against a British landing at Lechmere's Point, and "gallantly waded through the water, and soon obliged the enemy to embark
Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge
37288208
George Claghorn ( – , 1824) was an American patriot and shipwright. He served as an officer in the American Revolutionary War and was wounded in the Battle of Bunker Hill. After the war, he was awarded the rank of colonel in the Massachusetts militia. Claghorn was the master shipbuilder of the (a.k.a. Old Ironsides), which he and Samuel Nicholson built for the early United States Navy during the years 1794–1797. Old Ironsides is the oldest naval vessel in the world that is still commissioned, afloat and seaworthy. Personal life Claghorn was born in 1748, the ninth child of Experience (née: Hawes) and Shubael Claghorn in Chilmark, Massachusetts on Martha's Vineyard. As a family name, Claghorn (also Cleghorn) appears in Scottish records as early as 1350 in Edinburgh, Cramond, Lothian and Corstorphine. His great-grandfather, James, had been brought to New England in 1650 as a prisoner of war during the Scottish Rebellion, following the Battle of Dunbar. George Claghorn married Deborah Brownell of Dartmouth on December 20, 1769, and they had eight children. He died in 1824 in Seekonk, Massachusetts. Military career George Claghorn served in the Massachusetts militia during the American Revolution. He was shot and wounded in the knee at the battle of Bunker Hill. After the war, Claghorn was promoted to the rank of colonel in the militia. Breed's Hill Most of what is known as the "battle of Bunker Hill" was actually fought just less than a half mile away at Breed's Hill in the Charlestown section of Boston, Massachusetts. The battle was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. In that battle 450 American fighters were killed or wounded. After receiving a gunshot wound to the knee, Claghorn went on to lead his militia troops in more battles eventually attaining the rank of Major during the war. Old Ironsides The keel of the USS Constitution was laid down on November 1, 1794, at Edmund Hartt's shipyard in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts, under the supervision of Captain Samuel Nicholson and master shipbuilder, Colonel George Claghorn. In March 1796, as construction slowly progressed, a peace accord was announced between the United States and Algiers and, in accordance with the Naval Act of 1794, construction was halted. After some debate and prompting by President Washington, Congress agreed to continue to fund the construction of the three ships nearest to completion: , , and Constitution. Constitutions launching ceremony on September 20, 1797, was attended by then President John Adams and Massachusetts Governor Increase Sumner. Upon launch, she slid down the ways only before stopping; her weight had caused the ways to settle into the ground, preventing further movement. An attempt two days later resulted in only an additional of travel before the ship again stopped. After a month of rebuilding the ways, Constitution finally slipped into Boston Harbor on October 21, 1797, with Captain James Sever breaking a bottle of Madeira wine on her bowsprit.
George Claghorn
50356949
The Dearborn–Putnam controversy erupted in 1818 when Henry Dearborn published a post-war account of General Israel Putnam's performance during the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775. Both Putnam and the much younger Dearborn were present before and during the battle, with Dearborn at the front lines while Putnam was about the battle scene directing troops and overseeing the construction of fortifications before the fighting began. Accounts of Putnam's presence during the battle, however, have varied among veteran officers of the battle and some historians. During the battle, there was a fair amount of disorganization among the hastily assembled Continental Army and militia, making it difficult for any one participant to give an overall assessment of everyone's performance. The actual controversy was sparked 43 years after the battle, when Dearborn published his account of the battle in a widely read political magazine accusing the deceased Putnam of failing to supply reinforcements, inaction, and cowardice. The sons of both Dearborn and Putnam defended their respective fathers' positions, while various Revolutionary War veterans also lent their support respectively. Along with Dearborn, both Republicans and Federalists, now bitter rivals, saw the controversy as an opportunity to advance their party and win the favor of the general public. Dearborn's efforts, however, were largely not well received and cost him his bid for the governorship of Massachusetts. His accusations resulted in a political and social controversy that was widely covered in the press and in several publications from officers present at the battle. Dearborn's accusations were also addressed by several notable public figures, including Daniel Webster. As such, the controversy remained prominent in the public eye for more than 30 years. Putnam and Dearborn at the Battle of Bunker Hill The Battle of Bunker Hill occurred on June 17, 1775, in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, when the American forces as a whole were not yet a fully organized army. After the Siege of Boston, the British needed to secure control of the Charlestown Peninsula overlooking Boston from the north across the Mystic River, giving them command of Boston Harbor and ultimately Boston itself. The Committee of Safety learned a few days in advance that the British were going to try to occupy Dorchester Heights and Charlestown Peninsula. The Patriot forces decided to take the offensive, occupy the peninsula, fortify it, and deny the British the advantage of this important and strategic location. Word of British intentions spread fast among the colonies. General Thomas Gage mistakenly assumed that taking the peninsula from untrained colonial "rebels" would be an easy task. Preparation Dearborn, at age 23, organized and led a local militia troop of 60 men from New Hampshire upon hearing the news of the battles at Lexington and Concord, and joined up with Colonel John Stark's 1st New Hampshire Regiment. They eventually arrived at Charlestown shortly after the British had begun firing their cannon at the American positions. General Putnam, second in command to Colonel William Prescott, and reportedly eager for battle, was
Dearborn–Putnam controversy
26761613
The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775 refers to several oil paintings completed in the late 18th and early 19th century by the American artist John Trumbull depicting the death of Founding Father Joseph Warren at the June 17, 1775, Battle of Bunker Hill, during the American Revolutionary War. Warren, an influential Massachusetts physician and politician, had been commissioned as a general but served in the battle as a private. He was killed during or shortly after the storming of the redoubt atop Breed's Hill by a British officer. The paintings are iconic images of the American Revolution. Trumbull painted several versions, including the one held by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (dated between 1815 and 1831). This was commissioned by the Warren family and passed down through the family before being acquired by the museum. Another, larger version (dated 1834) is held by the Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut. Trumbull sold the engraving rights for both this painting and The Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec, December 31, 1775, which resulted in a highly successful subscription release that greatly enhanced his career. Event Artist John Trumbull (1756–1843) was in the colonial army camp at Roxbury, Massachusetts on June 17, 1775, the day of the Battle of Bunker Hill. He watched the battle unfold through field glasses, and later decided to depict one of its central events. Joseph Warren, a Massachusetts politician and member of the colony's Committee of Safety, volunteered to serve under Colonel William Prescott in the defense of the redoubt which the colonists had constructed on top of Breed's Hill. This redoubt was the target of three British attacks, of which the first two were repulsed. The third attack succeeded, in part because the defenders had run out of ammunition. Warren was struck by a musket or pistol ball during the evacuation of the redoubt, and killed instantly. Description The central focus of the painting is Warren's body, dressed in white, and John Small, a British major, dressed in a scarlet uniform (holding a sword in his left hand). Small, who had served with colonial general Israel Putnam during the French and Indian War, is shown preventing a fellow British soldier from bayoneting Warren. Trumbull wanted to express the poignancy in the conflict of men who had earlier served together. On the far right of the painting is a colonial officer, Thomas Grosvenor, with a black man holding a musket behind him. The black man was long thought to be Peter Salem, a freed slave who served in the cause of American independence. Later research identified him as a slave belonging to Grosvenor. The foreground is littered with bodies from both sides of the conflict, and the background includes clusters of colonial and British troops carrying flags. Boston Harbor is also visible in the distance. The sky is partially obscured by smoke rising from Charlestown, which had been torched by the British. In describing the painting
The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775
2399712
The Abigail Adams Cairn marks the spot where Abigail Adams and her young son, John Quincy Adams, watched the burning of Charlestown on Saturday, June 17, 1775, during the Battle of Bunker Hill. It is located on Penn's Hill, now at the corner of Franklin Street and Viden Road in Quincy, Massachusetts. Abigail was caring for the four children of Dr. Joseph Warren, then President of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress, as well as her own children, Nabby (age 10), John Quincy (7), Charles (5), and Thomas Boylston (3), when word came that Dr. Warren had been killed by British troops. In the afternoon, she walked up Penn's Hill to the rock outcroppings, taking her son John Quincy and Nabby along with her. There they looked out over the distant hills and shoreline, seeing the smoke of Charlestown and hearing the far-off rumble of guns and cannon at Bunker Hill. The cairn was erected June 17, 1896, by the Adams Chapter of the Society of the Daughters of the Revolution. It contains various marked stones, including one inscribed Concord, another 5th Regt. Co. K., M.V.M., and From Bunker Hill Quarry, June 17, 1896. (The stone for the Bunker Hill Monument was quarried in Quincy.) Its builder was local stonemason John J. Stanton. A time capsule was discovered inside the cairn in 2008. References Monuments and memorials in Massachusetts Buildings and structures in Quincy, Massachusetts Buildings and structures completed in 1896 Tourist attractions in Quincy, Massachusetts John Quincy Adams
Abigail Adams Cairn
34536
The Leonard P. Zakim () Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge (also known as the “The Zakim”) is a cable-stayed bridge completed in 2003 across the Charles River in Boston, Massachusetts. It is a replacement for the Charlestown High Bridge, an older truss bridge constructed in the 1950s. The bridge and connecting tunnel were built as part of the Big Dig, the largest highway construction project in the United States. The bridge's unique styling quickly became an icon for Boston, often featured in the backdrop of national news channels, to establish location, and included on tourist souvenirs. The bridge is commonly referred to as the "Zakim Bridge" or "Bunker Hill Bridge" by residents of nearby Charlestown. The Leverett Circle Connector Bridge was constructed in conjunction with the Zakim Bridge, allowing some traffic to bypass it. Design The bridge concept was designed by Swiss civil engineer Christian Menn in collaboration with bridge designer Miguel Rosales and its design was engineered by American civil engineer Ruchu Hsu with Parsons Brinckerhoff. Wallace Floyd Associates, sub-consultants to Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff, was the lead architect/urban designer and facilitated community participation during the design process. The bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in a harp configuration with cradles carrying each strand through their pylon. The main portion of the Zakim Bridge carries four lanes each way (northbound and southbound) of Interstate 93 (concurrent with U.S. Route 1) between the Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill Jr. Tunnel and the elevated highway to the north. Two additional lanes are cantilevered outside the cables, which carry northbound traffic from the Sumner Tunnel and North End on-ramp. These lanes merge with the main highway north of the bridge. I-93 heads toward New Hampshire as the "Northern Expressway", and US 1 splits from the Interstate and travels northeast toward Massachusetts' North Shore communities, crossing the Mystic River via the Tobin Bridge. The 1975-built MBTA Orange Line's Haymarket North Extension tunnel lies beneath the bridge. Dedication The bridge's full name commemorates Boston area leader and civil rights activist Leonard P. Zakim, who championed "building bridges between peoples", and the Battle of Bunker Hill. The bridge was dedicated on October 4, 2002, in a ceremony held on the new span. The dedication speakers included members of Zakim's family, government officials, and a performance of the song "Thunder Road" by Bruce Springsteen. Introducing the song, Springsteen said about Zakim, "... I knew him a little bit during the last year of his life, he was one of those people whose, intensity, inner spirit you could feel even when he was very ill, ... we honor his memory obviously not with this beautiful bridge, very lovely, but by continuing on in his fight for social justice." Landscape design and public art Placement of footings for the Zakim Bridge required environmental permits to relocate areas of open water surface, changing the contour of the Charles River shoreline. The process of landscape design and environmental mitigation under the bridge deck and around the bridge supports allowed for the creation of a new
Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge
71605601
Dean Caswell (July 24, 1922 – September 21, 2022) was a United States Marine Corps flying ace during World War II. He accrued seven victories in the war. He retired from military service in 1968 at the rank of colonel. He was the last living Marine Corps flying ace of World War II. Early life Caswell was born on July 24, 1922, in Banning, California. The family moved to Edinburg, Texas, that year. He was a member of the Boy Scouts, where he earned the Aviation merit badge after building a model airplane. He grew up during the Great Depression and had to work in a series of jobs on ranches. He attended Edinburg Junior College prior to joining the United States Marine Corps in September 1942. Military career In September 1942, Caswell enlisted in the Aviation Cadet Program of the U.S. Navy, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps and on December 16, 1943, he received his Wings of Gold at NAS Pensacola. World War II In April 1944, after completing additional training, Caswell was assigned to VMF-221, which was equipped with the Vought F4U Corsair, at Santa Barbara, California, before being deployed aboard the aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill (CV-17) in the Pacific in January 1945. Caswell and his unit took part in aerial attacks against the Japanese mainland. On March 18, he scored his first aerial victories when he shot down three A6M Zeros, while attacking an airfield in Miyazaki Prefecture. On April 12, 1945, during the Battle of Okinawa, Caswell scored his fourth aerial victory when he shot down a Zero over Kikaijima. His biggest day came on April 28 while on a combat air patrol 150 miles north of Okinawa, he shot down a Kawasaki Ki-61 and his flight was vectored to a formation of 25 Zeros that were headed toward Task Force 58 and Okinawa. In the ensuing battle, Caswell's flight was credited with destroying eight Zeros, he himself shooting down two of them with the probable destruction of another. For his heroism in the aerial battle, he was awarded the Silver Star and earned the title of flying ace. Bunker Hill was struck and severely damaged by two Japanese kamikaze planes on May 11, which resulted in 393 sailors and airmen killed, including 41 missing and never found, and 264 wounded. Caswell survived the attack, and he and other surviving airmen helped the firefighters in fighting the fire on the Bunker Hill. During the war, Caswell was credited with the destruction of seven enemy aircraft in aerial combat, plus one probable destruction. After returning to the United States, Caswell was assigned as an F4U pilot with VMF-451 at MCAS El Centro in California, from June 1945 until he left active duty in November 1945. Cold war After the end of World War II, Caswell served in various Marine Corps aviation units and attended additional flying training from January 1946 to April 1951. During the Korean War, he was assigned
Dean Caswell
1868262
Henry Burbeck (June 10, 1754 – October 2, 1848) was a senior officer of the United States Army who served as the Commandant of the Corps of Artillerists and Engineers from 1798 to 1802. Early life Henry Burbeck was born in Boston on June 10, 1754, the son of William Burbeck and his wife Jerusha Glover of Boston. His father was an ordnance storekeeper at Castle William, in Boston Harbor. When the British took over the castle in 1770 he stayed on, but left the service in 1774. With the help of Dr. Joseph Warren he received an appointment as superintendent of the provincial artillery laboratory, joining the Patriot cause. Burbeck's education consisted of a public writing school in the North End of Boston under John Tileston (1735–1826). He would later credit his father with the remainder of his education. Prior to his military service, Henry worked at the copper-smith's forge with Paul Revere. He married his first wife, Abigail Webb, on April 12, 1775, in Boston. Revolutionary War service At the outbreak of the Battle of Lexington, Burbeck's father escaped to Cambridge and reported to the Committee on Public Safety and its leader, General Joseph Warren, to join the patriot cause which resulted in a price being placed on his head by the British. Burbeck joined his father in Cambridge where they made ammunition used at the Battle of Bunker Hill and also participated in the battle. Henry served as a lieutenant in the Battle of Bunker Hill and his commission was signed by General Joseph Warren on May 19, 1775. Following the Battle of Bunker Hill, Burbeck married Abigail Webb on August 12, 1775, in Boston. He was assigned as a lieutenant of artillery to the Massachusetts line commanded by Colonel Richard Gridley, the Continental Army's first Chief Engineer and artillery commander, in 1775. Washington's campaigns In 1777, he briefly joined the army at Saratoga until he was assigned to Pennsylvania to join Gen. George Washington's army. He fought in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. He remained in the Artillery Corps under General Henry Knox and, in 1777, assumed command of a company of the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment commanded by Colonel John Crane. He marched with General Washington and the Continental Army from Valley Forge to New Jersey in 1778. Following the march, he fought in the Battle of Monmouth. His unit was sent North and he remained in White Plains, New York, to defend the Hudson Highlands from 1779 to 1783. He marched into New York City when the British army evacuated it at the close of the Revolutionary War. Burbeck became an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati upon its founding in 1783. He served as president of the Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati from 1846 until his death in 1848. Burbeck knew General George Washington personally from his service and it was from Burbeck's associations with foreign officers serving in the American Revolution that he recognized the need to educate and
Henry Burbeck
17596105
Charlestown Heights later known as Ensign John J. Doherty Park, is an urban park in Charlestown, a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is one of five small urban parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted for the city. These parks were designed to provide greenspaces in densely populated neighborhoods. Charlestown Heights was laid out on the North side of Bunker Hill, sloping down the hill from Bunker Hill Street to Medford Street, between St. Martin Street and North Mead Street. The land on which the park would be built was once part of the vast estate of the Harris family. This parcel, which originally extended across Medford Street into unfilled Mystic River flats, was sold and mortgaged to William Dehon of Boston by Harris heirs in 1849 and remained in Dehon's estate until purchased by the City. The park was purchased by the City of Boston in July 1891, laid out shortly thereafter, and opened in 1895. It is divided into three sections. The uppermost section abutting Bunker Hill Street is a flat promenade with a central grassy area and lined with trees, paths, and benches. A monument commemorating the 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill terminates the East end of the promenade. A large central area of the park contains active recreation facilities, and is the portion of the park which has been most altered from the original 19th-century Olmsted design. The Clougherty Pool complex includes a swimming pool and Moderne-style bathhouse designed by John M. Gray. The central portion of the park also includes basketball courts, a playground, and a wading pool. The lowest level of the park, abutting Medford Street, is a sloping meadow with naturalistic pathways meandering through it. Stairs in this section have granite risers, with cheeks of native Roxbury Puddingstone. The sinuous path has flares of granite pavers toward the top for drainage. The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston, Massachusetts References Historic districts in Suffolk County, Massachusetts Parks in Boston History of Boston Tourist attractions in Charlestown, Boston National Register of Historic Places in Boston Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Charlestown Heights
533285
Copp's Hill is an elevation in the historic North End of Boston, Massachusetts. It is bordered by Hull Street, Charter Street and Snow Hill Street. The hill takes its name from William Copp, a shoemaker who lived nearby. Copp's Hill Burying Ground is a stop on the Freedom Trail. Early history Like all of the Shawmut Peninsula, the hill was Algonquian territory before the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The first English settlers to the hill arrived in the 1630s and built a windmill atop the hill to grind grain. Copp's Hill Burying Ground Founded by the town of Boston in 1659, Copp's Hill Burying Ground is the second oldest burying ground in the city. The cemetery's boundaries were extended several times, and the grounds contain the remains of many notable Bostonians in the thousands of graves and 272 tombs. Among the Bostonians buried here are the original owner, William Copp, his children, Increase Mather, Cotton Mather, Robert Newman, John Pulling, (the patriots who placed the signal lanterns in the steeple of Old North Church for Paul Revere's midnight ride to Lexington and Concord), Prince Hall (the father of Black Freemasonry), and many unmarked graves of the African Americans who lived in the "New Guinea" community at the foot of the hill. The cemetery was not an official stop on the Freedom Trail when it was created in 1951, but it has since been added and is much-frequented by tourists and photographers. Revolutionary War During the Revolutionary War, the British used the hill to train artillery onto Charlestown during the Battle of Bunker Hill. For several years starting in 1806, soil was taken from the top of Copp's Hill to increase the available building land by filling the Mill Pond. This removal reduced the height of the hill by about 7 feet (about 2 meters). Skinny House Across Hull street from the Copp's Hill Burying Ground is an extremely narrow four-story spite house built shortly after the Civil War. Only wide at its widest point, the house is reported by the Boston Globe as having the "uncontested distinction of being the narrowest house in Boston." The vista Copp's Hill is the highest point in the North End and is the third highest hill in Boston after Beacon Hill and Fort Hill. As such, Copp's Hill provides a view of numerous local landmarks. The Old North Church stands at one end of Hull Street. In the opposite direction, the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge and the TD Garden are visible not far away. Over local rooftops the upper levels of Custom House Tower, One International Place, and other buildings in the Financial District can be glimpsed. Beyond the other side of the hill, across the Charles River in Charlestown, the USS Constitution and the USS Cassin Young may be seen docked at Boston Navy Yard with the Bunker Hill Monument in the distance. Gallery References North End, Boston
Copp's Hill
4951790
The Bicentennial Series was a lengthy series of American commemorative postage stamps. It began with the issuance of a stamp showing the logo for the Bicentennial celebrations on July 4, 1971, and concluded on September 2, 1983, with a stamp for the Treaty of Paris. While many of the stamps showed the Bicentennial logo as a design element or contained the words "US BICENTENNIAL" or "BICENTENNIAL ERA", not all did. After the initial issue, few other stamps were issued through 1974. An annual issue of four stamps took place (usually on July 4 of each year): in 1972, honoring Colonial craftsmen; in 1973, Colonial communications; in 1974, the First Continental Congress. In addition, a block of four stamps was issued in 1973 for the bicentennial of the Boston Tea Party. In 1975, with the bicentennial of the start of the Revolutionary War, the series swung into high gear. Four stamps were issued honoring relatively obscure "Contributors to the Cause", of which the best known was Haym Salomon. On July 4, a block of four stamps was issued showing Revolutionary War uniforms, and with the bicentennial of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the first of a standardized set began—showing a detail from a painting depicting the event commemorated, with the name of the event and year, and US BICENTENNIAL XX Cents (between 10 and 20). This "painting" format continued with an issue for the Battle of Bunker Hill in June. On January 1, 1976, a set of three stamps (lacking any text related to the Bicentennial other than the words SPIRIT OF 76) was issued, showing the well-known painting. On February 23, a pane of 50 stamps with the State Flags was issued, each stamp containing the Bicentennial logo and the words "BICENTENNIAL ERA 1776-1976". Four souvenir sheets were issued for the INTERPHIL international stamp exhibition in May, showing famous paintings depicting Revolutionary War events. It was followed with a Bicentennial stamp honoring Benjamin Franklin. Originally, the United States Postal Service had planned to issue another 50-stamp pane, showing the entire Declaration of Independence. Plans were shelved after the American Philatelic Society threatened the USPS with a "black blot" for excessive stamp issuance. Instead, a strip of four stamps showing part of the John Trumbull painting showing the presentation of the Declaration (often believed to show its signing) was issued on July 4 (parts of Trumbull paintings were used for the issues for Bunker Hill and Saratoga, as well). A painting-format stamp was issued January 3, 1977 for Washington's successful battle at Princeton. Similarly painting stamps were issued to commemorate the Battle of Oriskany and the Battle of Saratoga. Four stamps were issued on July 4 to honor craftsmen with the legend "Skilled Hands for Independence". Additional stamps honored the Articles of Confederation and the arrival of Lafayette. One of the Christmas stamps that year, though not formally part of the series, showed Washington kneeling at Valley Forge. By 1978, not only was the nation losing interest in the Bicentennial,
Bicentennial Series
1096220
The 47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in Scotland in 1741. It served in North America during the Seven Years' War and American Revolutionary War and also fought during the Napoleonic Wars and the Crimean War. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 81st Regiment of Foot (Loyal Lincoln Volunteers) to form the Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) in 1881. History Formation and early service The regiment was raised in Scotland by Colonel Sir John Mordaunt as Sir John Mordaunt's Regiment of Foot in 1741. In 1743, Peregrine Lascelles was appointed Colonel and until May 1745, the regiment was employed building a military road near Loch Lomond, part of a new route from Dumbarton to Inverary. In July, Charles Stuart landed in Scotland to launch the 1745 Rising and two companies of Lascelles garrisoned Edinburgh Castle. The remaining eight companies fought at the Battle of Prestonpans in September, when the government army was swept aside in less than 20 minutes; most of the regiment was taken prisoner, except for Lascelles who fought his way out. Lascelles, together with Sir John Cope, commander at Prestonpans, and his deputy Thomas Fowke, were tried by a court-martial in 1746; all three were exonerated, but Cope never held a senior command again. As part of the reforms enacted by the Duke of Cumberland, the regiment was designated the 58th Regiment of Foot in 1747, before being re-numbered 47th Regiment of Foot in 1751. North America 1750–1794 The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle awarded Britain sovereignty over the whole of Nova Scotia, including parts previously claimed by France. Between 1748 and 1755, conflict between British and French settlers resulted in a series of clashes known as Father Le Loutre's War; the regiment was posted there in 1750, taking part in the siege of Grand Pré, Battle at Chignecto and Battle of Fort Beauséjour. During the Seven Years' War, it was part of the force under James Wolfe that captured Louisbourg in 1758, allegedly earning the nickname "Wolfe's Own". It was also present at the 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham, the Battle of Sainte-Foy and the subsequent siege of Quebec in April to May 1760. It then took part in the final and decisive campaign between July and September 1760 when Montreal fell. The regiment returned to Britain when the war ended in 1763. On the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in 1773, the 47th was posted to New Jersey. It took part in the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775 and the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775 and the Battles of Saratoga in September 1777. The main body of the regiment was interned as part of the Convention Army and did not return home for another six years. In 1782 the regiment was given a county distinction when it was given the title the 47th (The Lancashire) Regiment of Foot. In 1791 the regiment was sent to the West Indies where
47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot
18513274
Captain Richard Douglass (1746–1828) was an American cooper, soldier, deacon, and a politician. He was born in New London, Connecticut, in 1746 and was the son of Stephen and Patience Douglass. He ran a successful business as a cooper. In 1760, there were already more than 40 ships from brigs to sloops registered in New London. Many of them were under the Shaw Family flag conducting business in the East and West Indies, as well as foreign ports in Lisbon, Barcelona, Amsterdam, England and Russia. Coopering was a valuable trade, especially with New London and the Colonies' increasing demand for Bajan (Barbados) rum. Cousin Richard had a cousin of the same name, the Revolutionary War, Captain Richard Douglass, the younger (1750-1816), who was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati. Both men were buried in Cedar Grove Cemetery in New London, Connecticut. Incorrect older applications of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) and Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) have misconstrued the service between the two Richards. There is no conclusive information in the service records of either, as both spent time in the same units. American Revolution Douglass enlisted in 1775 when the outbreaks of hostilities against Britain began and served with distinction throughout the war, ending his service in 1783. He joined William Coit's Independent Company and marched to Boston alongside Nathan Hale, William Coit, John and James Chapman, and other New Londoners. It is still unknown if his unit, under the command of Captain Chapman, participated at the Battle of Bunker Hill, but it is suspected that William Coit and his 200 man unit fought alongside Thomas Knowlton of Connecticut. Chapman eventually served under Knowlton in the elite Army Ranger unit. Two companies of New London County men were at Bunker Hill, including John Tubbs of modern-day East Lyme and Christopher Darrow (East Lyme/Montville), then called "Northern Parrish". Current documents show that it is likely that William Coit's Independent Company protected the retreating soldiers from Bunker Hill (Breeds), countered any British engagements, and allowed the survivors to return safety. It is known that Chapman's Regiment of Foote or "Company" served under Lyme's General Samuel Holden Parsons, then living in New London, and participated at the Battle of Long Island, the defense of New York City, and the eventual retreat to the Highlands. It is thought that Douglass "suffered atrocities of the British" and was held prisoner until eventually escaping a prison ship in 1776 or 1777. It is also possible that as their poorly-led unit was outflanked, he was taken to prison at Germantown, as many from New London County were. Douglass fought at the defense of Philadelphia, Monmouth, New Jersey, Germantown, and Brandywine engagements along with many other Eastern Connecticut men Douglass served throughout the war and was the victim of atrocities when Benedict Arnold returned in 1781. Arnold was responsible for the burning of New London and the attack on Fort Griswold in Groton, events that eventually claimed the lives of 83 men
Richard Douglass
629738
Bunker Hill Community College (BHCC) is a public community college with multiple campuses in the Greater Boston area. Founded in 1973 in the Charlestown neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, BHCC provides higher education and job training services at two campuses and three satellite locations. BHCC is the state's largest community college, enrolling more than 13,000 students in day, afternoon, evening, late-evening, weekend, and web-based distance-learning courses. It is also one of the state's most diverse institutions of higher education: 24% of the students are African-American, 24% are white or caucasian, and 24% Latino. More than half are women. Students' average age is 27. The college enrolls more than 800 international students who come from about 100 countries and speak more than 75 languages. History Bunker Hill Community College's main campus is in Boston's Charlestown neighborhood, on the site of the former Charlestown State Prison that closed in 1955. It is served by the MBTA Orange Line rapid transit station called Community College, and sits near the site of the 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill in the American Revolutionary War. Bunker Hill Community College is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education. Since 1987, a second campus has provided higher education and job training to residents of Chelsea, Revere, Everett, East Boston, Winthrop and other surrounding communities. This campus moved several times until settling in 1998 into a former post office in Bellingham Square. The two-story 1910 brick structure had been vacant for a decade before being donated to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In Boston's South End, BHCC worked with Inquilinos Boricuas en Acción (IBA), a community-based organization, to establish the Pathway Technology Campus (PTC) in Villa Victoria, a predominantly-Latino affordable-housing community. PTC helps residents of the South End and Lower Roxbury earn a GED certificate, take adult education (ESL, Basic English and Math) classes, and to enroll in community college-level classes. Since 2007, BHCC has operated an East Boston Satellite campus at the Education and Training Institute of the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center. It offers introductory and allied health courses in the evening during the fall, spring and summer terms. Established in fall 2009, the Malden Satellite is based at Malden High School in Malden, Massachusetts, and offers introductory and college-level courses in the evening during the fall and spring semesters. The college was featured in the 1997 movie Good Will Hunting, as the location where Sean Maguire (Robin Williams) teaches. On July 1, 2013, Pam Y. Eddinger became BHCC's seventh president, replacing Mary L. Fifield, who retired after 16 years. Notable alumni Dana Rosenblatt, boxer Stephen Stat Smith, state representative Tamerlan Tsarnaev, perpetrator of the Boston Marathon bombing - Attended for three semesters, and did not finish Betsy Warrior, feminist and author BB02, Nigerian singer and record label boss Bobby Kelly - amateur comedian References External links Official website Community colleges in Massachusetts Universities and colleges established in 1973 Universities and colleges in Boston 1973 establishments in Massachusetts Charlestown, Boston Education in Malden, Massachusetts Chelsea, Massachusetts East
Bunker Hill Community College
3573369
The 6th Massachusetts Regiment also known as the 4th Continental Regiment was raised on April 23, 1775, under Colonel John Nixon outside of Boston, Massachusetts. The regiment would see action at the Battle of Bunker Hill, New York Campaign, Battle of Trenton, Battle of Princeton and the Battle of Saratoga. The regiment was furloughed June 12, 1783, at West Point, New York and disbanded on November 3, 1783. Bunker Hill During the battle of Bunker Hill the 6th Massachusetts Regiment, under the command of Colonel John Nixon, was positioned in the redoubt on Breeds Hill near Captain Jonathan Brewer and Captain William Prescott regiments. During General William Howe's first attack on Breed's Hill, Nixon was wounded and was withdrawn from the battle. The remaining members of the regiment withdrew when the redoubt was overtaken by Howe's second attack. Later service The 6th Massachusetts participated in the New York campaign by helping fortify Governors Island in New York Harbor in August 1776. They later fought in the Battle of Harlem Heights and the Battle of Trenton under General Nathanael Greene. The regiment reinforced General Philip Schuyler at Stillwater, New York, in July 1777. The 6th Massachusetts composed part of the main body of General Horatio Gates at the Battles of Saratoga. Peter Salem, a freed African-American slave, served in the regiment from April 24, 1775, to December 31, 1779. Commanding officers Colonel John Nixon - Commanded the regiment from May 19, 1775, until August 9, 1776, when he was promoted to brigadier general. Colonel Thomas Nixon - Brother of John Nixon. Served as lieutenant colonel of the 6th Massachusetts from May 19, 1775, until he took command of the regiment on August 6, 1776, and was promoted to colonel. Retired January 1, 1781. Lieutenant Colonel Calvin Smith - Commanded the regiment as a lieutenant colonel from January 1, 1781, to January 1, 1783. Colonel Benjamin Tupper - Commanding officer January 1, 1783, until the unit was disbanded on June 12, 1783. Other officers Thomas Barnes- Served as captain from January 1777 to March 1779, when he was promoted to major with the 12th Massachusetts. Richard Buckmaster- Served as lieutenant, 2d lieutenant and captain from December 1775 until his death in November 1779. William Buckmaster- Served as lieutenant-colonel from December 1776 until his death in November 1776. Japhet Daniels- Served as captain from January 1777 to June 1783. Samuel Frost- Served as sergeant-major, ensign, 1st lieutenant, captain lieutenant and captain from January 1776 to June 1783. Peter Harwood- Served as captain and major from November 1776 until he resigned October 1780. Benjamin Heywood- Served as lieutenant, captain from December 1775 until June 1783. Abel Holden- Served as lieutenant and captain from December 1775 until he resigned May 1781. John Holden- Served as captain lieutenant and captain from January 1777 until he resigned April 1780. Moses Porter - Served as ensign from 1 January 1777 to 23 April 1779. Commanded the Light Artillery Regiment in the War of 1812. Calvin Smith- Served as
6th Massachusetts Regiment
17601365
The Cyclorama Building is an 1884 building in the South End of Boston, Massachusetts that is operated by the Boston Center for the Arts. History The Classical Revival style Victorian building was commissioned by Charles F. Willoughby's Boston Cyclorama Company to house the Cyclorama of the Battle of Gettysburg, a 400-by-50 foot cyclorama painting of the Battle of Gettysburg. It was designed by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears. The central space is a 127'-diameter steel-trussed dome which, when it was built, was the largest dome in the country after that on the United States Capitol building. Visitors entered through the crenelated archway, proceeded along a dark winding passage, and then ascended a winding staircase to an elevated viewing platform. Skylights lit the scene by day, and it was illuminated by a system of 25 arc lamps by night. In 1889, a new cyclorama painting, Custer's Last Fight, was installed, but by 1890, the fashion for cycloramas had ended, and the new owner of the building, John Gardner (father-in-law of Isabella Stewart Gardner), converted it to a venue for popular entertainment, including a carousel, roller skating, boxing tournaments (including an 1894 fight of John L. Sullivan), horseback riding, bicycling, and so on. By the 1890s, it had become an industrial space, used by the Albert Champion Company. In 1907, Albert Champion developed the Champion spark plug there. When the Boston Flower Exchange bought the building in 1923, it added a new entrance and covered central dome with a skylight. The Flower Exchange occupied the building until 1970. The Cyclorama was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Bunker Hill Cyclorama Another, competing cyclorama building was built two blocks from the first, and displayed a cyclorama of The Battle of Bunker Hill. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Boston, Massachusetts References External links Cyclorama info, from the Boston Public Library, with images of 19th-century Battle of Gettysburg paintings by Paul Philippoteaux 19th century in Boston Buildings and structures in Boston Commercial buildings completed in 1884 Cultural history of Boston Cummings and Sears buildings Cycloramas Event venues on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts National Register of Historic Places in Boston Neoclassical architecture in Massachusetts South End, Boston Victorian architecture in Massachusetts
Cyclorama Building (Boston)
3387359
Asa Pollard (November 15, 1735 – June 15, 1775) was an American soldier. He was the first soldier to be killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill in the American Revolutionary War. Early life Asa Pollard born on November 15, 1735, in North Billerica, Province of Massachusetts to John and Mary Pollard, two farmers. American Revolutionary War Pollard enlisted in the Continental Army on May 8, 1775, and his first battle was during the Battles of Lexington and Concord. He died in the Battle of Bunker Hill (fought on Breed's Hill) when a cannonball, shot from a ship, decapitated him. Notes References 1735 births 1775 deaths United States military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War Massachusetts militiamen in the American Revolution People from Billerica, Massachusetts
Asa Pollard
52118162
Bunker Hill is a former town in Lewis County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. Bunker Hill was laid out in 1855. The community's name commemorated the Battle of Bunker Hill. A post office was established at Bunker Hill in 1855, and remained in operation until 1904. References Ghost towns in Missouri Former populated places in Lewis County, Missouri
Bunker Hill, Lewis County, Missouri
1136948
The Bunker Hill Monument is a monument erected at the site of the Battle of Bunker Hill in Boston, Massachusetts, which was among the first major battles between the Red Coats and Patriots in the American Revolutionary War. The 221-foot (67 m) granite obelisk was erected between 1825 and 1843 in Charlestown, Massachusetts, with granite from nearby Quincy conveyed to the site via the purpose-built Granite Railway, followed by a trip by barge. There are 294 steps to the top. An exhibit lodge built near the base of the monument in the late 19th century houses a statue of fallen hero Dr. Joseph Warren. Bunker Hill is one of the sites along the Freedom Trail and is part of Boston National Historical Park. The monument underwent a $3.7 million renovation, completed in 2007, that included repairs, handicap accessibility improvements, and new lighting. The Bunker Hill Museum across the street was dedicated in June of that year and includes many exhibits about the battle. Background The monument was one of the first in the United States. It is not on Bunker Hill, but instead on Breed's Hill, where most of the fighting in the misnamed Battle of Bunker Hill actually took place. An earlier memorial at the site, an wooden column topped with a gilt urn, had been erected in memory of fallen Bunker Hill hero Dr. Joseph Warren, a Mason, in 1794 by King Solomon's Lodge of Masons. The Monument Association, which had purchased the entire battlefield site by 1825, was forced to sell off all but the summit of the hill in 1838 to cover the cost of completing the monument. In front of the current obelisk is a statue of Col. William Prescott, a native of Groton, Massachusetts, another hero of Bunker Hill. Some popular stories claim he coined the famous phrase "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes" during this battle; others have instead attributed it to Israel Putnam, John Stark, or Richard Gridley, rather than Prescott; but the main consensus is that none of them said it. In any case, no one at Bunker Hill could have coined the phrase; the idea behind it was already more than a hundred years old when this battle took place, and the modern phrasing of it had been used by British commanders Sir Andrew Agnew in the 1740s and James Wolfe in the 1750s, as well as by Prince Charles of Prussia in 1745, famously repeated in 1755 by Frederick the Great. Breed's Hill Breed's Hill is a glacial drumlin located in the Charlestown section of Boston, Massachusetts. It is located in the southern portion of the Charlestown Peninsula, a historically oval, but now more roughly triangular, peninsula that was originally connected to the mainland portion of Charlestown (now the separate city of Somerville) in colonial times by a short, narrow isthmus known as the Charlestown Neck. It is best known as the location where in 1775, early in the American Revolutionary War, most of the
Bunker Hill Monument
52692213
Bunker Hill is an unincorporated community in Stoddard County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. History The community was once home to Bunker Hill School, now defunct. The schoolhouse was named after the Battle of Bunker Hill, fought during the Revolutionary War. References Unincorporated communities in Stoddard County, Missouri Unincorporated communities in Missouri
Bunker Hill, Stoddard County, Missouri
7261034
Robert Evan Brown Jr. (September 2, 1903 – November 8, 1971) was a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Crucifix Hill, near Aachen, Germany, on October 8, 1944. He left home and joined the army in 1918, lying about his age. At the start of World War II, he was the first sergeant of the Headquarters Company of the 2nd Armored Division. He received a battlefield commission to second lieutenant and was transferred to the 1st Infantry Division in 1943. Following the death of his company commander on D-Day he assumed command of his company, Company C. Brown left the army with the rank of captain in 1952. Early life Robert Brown was born in Dublin, Georgia, in 1903 and left home in 1918 to join the Army at age 15. Military career At the Army recruiter's office in Columbus, he told the Sergeant he was 18. Because he filled out his first enlistment papers with his nickname "Bobbie," that was how the Army knew him for the next three decades. He qualified as an expert with every weapon in the Army's arsenal, and took up boxing and American football. He scored 38 victories in the ring and made the all-Army team for football in 1927. Three universities offered him scholarships to play football for them before they learned he had only completed the seventh grade. When World War II began he was the First Sergeant in the Headquarters Company of Patton's 2nd Armored Division. After fighting across North Africa, he received a battlefield promotion to Second Lieutenant and transferred to the 1st Infantry Division. He led a platoon of Company C up Omaha Beach on D-Day. While fighting across France, he assumed command of his unit when his company commander was killed. Crucifix Hill A few days later the promotion became official. At 04:00, October 8, 1944, he received orders for an attack on Crucifix Hill. Of 43 known pillboxes and bunkers, his company was responsible for numbers 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 29, and 30. After a formation of P-47 Thunderbolts finished an air strike at 13:15, he led his company out of positions in a graveyard at the foot of the hill. They made it about to an antitank ditch in front of pillbox 18 before heavy German fire forced them to seek cover. He turned to his platoon Sergeant, "Get me a couple of flamethrowers, some pole and satchel charges." Once armed with these, he had his riflemen lay down a base of fire, then started crawling alone toward the pillbox. A bomb had earlier blown a crater near the pillbox, which he jumped into, and dropped a satchel charge through an aperture by a door. The pillbox erupted, clouds of smoke billowing from its rifle ports. He crawled his way back to his men to pick up more charges and went back uphill past the still-smoking bunker and toward pillbox 19 while under heavy machine-gun fire. Several mortar
Bobbie E. Brown
50376883
John Fellows (July 7, 1735 – August 1, 1808) was a Brigadier-General in the Massachusetts Militia who participated in several major battles during the American Revolutionary War. Biography Born in Plainfield, New London County, Connecticut Colony, Fellows settled in Sheffield, Province of Massachusetts around 1750. He fought in the French and Indian Wars. During the Revolution he was present during the British Siege of Boston under George Washington. After the battles of Lexington and Concord he led a regiment to Boston and fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill. In August 1776, Fellows commanded a brigade at the Battle of Long Island covering Washington's retreat after the loss. Fellows commanded a regiment in the Massachusetts Militia at Roxbury, Massachusetts until the end of 1775. On June 25, 1776, he was appointed by the Massachusetts General Court to be brigadier general of the militia reinforcements which was being assembled to support the Continental Army at New York City. On September 15, 1776, the British General William Howe landed a large force of troops at Kips Bay on the East River near what is now 34th street in NYC. Feeble defense by the American militia of General Parsons and General Fellows soon ended in a rout of American forces. The failure to stop and oppose the enemy was a great disappointment to Washington. General Washington was said to be so distraught at seeing the rout, that he drew his sword and charged down the hill towards the advancing British forces, only to be restrained by an aide at the last moment. His army narrowly escaped annihilation. Fellows also commanded troops at the battle of Battle of White Plains, the Battle of Long Island and in the Saratoga campaign. A resident of Massachusetts, Fellows belonged to the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts. Fellows helped in the development and settlement at Canandaiga, New York. In 1790 he built the first saw mill at Mud Creek, East Bloomfield, New York in 1790. The 1790 census shows him living in Ontario County, New York. Fellows was also the Sheriff of Berkshire County, Massachusetts for many years. Fellows was appointed proprietor of the town of Wolcott, Vermont. Fellows died on August 1, 1808, in Sheffield, Massachusetts, and is buried in its Bernard Cemetery. Slave ownership According to research conducted by the Massachusetts Historical Society, Fellows owned at least one slave. A July 1, 1777 bill of sale shows General John Fellows selling a woman by the name of Ton to the 30-year old Sedgwick. Controversial book Fellows' nephew, called John Fellows Jr to distinguish him from is uncle, was also present at the Battle of Bunker Hill. He published a book in 1843 entitled The Veil Removed, where he presented numerous letters and statements from veterans of the battle regarding the contested conduct of General Israel Putnam from men who were present at the battle. The letters provided accounts on Putnam's whereabouts and performance during the Battle, the issue of which created a long-standing controversy during the first
John Fellows (brigadier general)
13427161
James Winthrop (March 28, 1752, Cambridge, Massachusetts – September 26, 1821, Cambridge) was an American librarian and jurist. Winthrop was the son of physicist John Winthrop. He was wounded at the Battle of Bunker Hill. He was librarian of Harvard from 1772 until 1787. Biography James Winthrop was the son of physicist John Winthrop, Hollis professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, and his first wife Rebecca Townsend. His mother died when he was quite young. He graduated from Harvard College in 1769 and received a master's degree in 1772. He became Librarian of Harvard College and held that office nearly twice as long as that of any of his predecessors. From the vote by which the Library was given to his care, May 1, 1772, we learn that he had acted as substitute for William Mayhew for over two years. He did not, however, sign the formal agreement as Librarian until the following December. His salary was fixed at £60 per annum. The next year he issued the second printed catalogue of the Library under the following title: Catalogus Librorum in Bibliotheca Cantabrigiensi selectus, frequentiorem in usum Harvardinatum qui Gradu Baccalaurei in Artibus nondum sunt donati. Bostoniae : Nov. Ang. Typis Edes & Gill. MDCCLXXIII. This catalogue of twenty-seven pages is an alphabetical list containing perhaps about a thousand titles. It aims to omit books "supra Captum Juniorum Studentium," and, in general, books in foreign languages (excepting the classics) and medical and legal works. Two years later, when the College buildings were occupied by the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, it became necessary to remove the Library to a place of safety. The Provincial Congress voted, June 15, 1775, "that the Library apparatus and other valuables of Harvard College be removed as soon as may be to the town of Andover, that Mr. Samuel Phillips, Mr. Daniel Hopkins, and Dummer Jewett Esq. be a committee to consult with the Revd. the President, the Honble Mr. Winthrop', and the Librarian or such of them as may be conveniently obtained and with them to engage some suitable Person or persons in said town to transport, receive and take the charge of the above mentioned effects, that said Committee join with other gentlemen in employing proper persons in packing said Library apparatus and such other articles as they shall judge expedient and take all due care that it be done with the greatest safety and despatch." The work of removal was begun at once. On the 17th, Samuel Phillips Jr., wrote " Amid all the terrors of battle I was so busily engaged in Harvard Library that I never even heard of the engagement (I mean the siege) until it was completed." While the books were being thus packed up, Winthrop, who was an ardent patriot, was taking part in the Battle of Bunker Hill, where he received a wound in the neck. Among the receipts for moving the books is one " for carting one load of Books ... to
James Winthrop
73951333
Bunker Hill, (also known as Carley), is an unincorporated community in Marion County located miles north-northeast of Columbia on Mississippi Highway 35. History Bunker Hill was originally known as Carley and once had a masonic lodge, school, and two stores. The community eventually became known as Bunker Hill. There are two theories as to where the name Bunker Hill originated: one theory says it is named for the large hill on which the community is located. Another story tells that after the community was chosen as the site to open a new school in Marion County, the citizens felt they had worked as hard "as the men did to win the Battle of Bunker Hill". In 1900, Bunker Hill had a population of 32. A post office operated under the name Carley from 1880 to 1907. Notable person Jeff Bates, country music singer References External links 1932 photograph of the Bunker Hill Consolidated School Unincorporated communities in Marion County, Mississippi
Bunker Hill, Mississippi
1342818
Bunker Hill is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California. It is part of Downtown Los Angeles. Historically, Bunker Hill was a large hill that separated the Victorian-era Downtown from the western end of the city. The hill was tunneled through at Second Street in 1924, and at Third and Fourth Streets. In the late 20th century, the hill was lowered in elevation, and the entire area was redeveloped to supplant old frame and concrete buildings with modern high-rises and other structures for residences, commerce, entertainment, and education. History Early development In 1867, two wealthy developers, Prudent Beaudry, a French-Canadian immigrant, and Stephen Mott purchased a majority of the hill's land. Beaudry's land purchase ranged from present-day Hill Street to Olive Street and 4th Street and 2nd Street. Mott's land purchase ranged between 4th Street to Temple and Figueroa and Grand. Because of the hill's excellent views of the Los Angeles Basin and the Los Angeles River, he knew that it would make for an opulent subdivision. Beaudry employed surveyor George Hansen to help divide up the land into 80 plots to sell to individual buyers. Beaudry started to build his house on the top of the hill, a modest two-story structure. He needed the infrastructure set up to reach the top of the hill, such as the water pipes. He asked the Los Angeles Water Company to help build the water pipe up the hill. Due to the nature of the hill and their initial concerns about the plan they denied his plea. As result, he built his own pipes and also formed the Canal and Reservoir Company Several new streets were created, one of which—Bunker Hill Avenue, named in commemoration of the Battle of Bunker Hill—eventually gave its name to the new neighborhood. Beaudry developed the peak of Bunker Hill with lavish two-story Victorian houses that became famous as homes for the upper-class residents of Los Angeles. The dominant architecture of the community of the houses of Bunker Hill was Queen Anne and Eastlake style. The geography of the Hill allowed these residents to escape the hustle and bustle of the city as it slowly grew around at the flatland at the bottom of the hill. Some notable residents during these times are: Prudent Beaudry – 13th Mayor of Los Angeles, developer of Bunker Hill L. J. Rose: Arrived from Iowa, due to the death of his son to serious bronchial trouble during a harsh winter. Wine maker and entrepreneur Dr. Edmund Hildreth: Retired Clergyman from Chicago D. F. Donigan: Self-made man. Owned his own contracting business, which later was the contractor for the construction of the first railroad which led from Los Angeles to Pasadena. He became an indispensable adviser to Beaudry when it came to beginning the development of Bunker Hill in its early stages. Lewis L. Bradbury, Sr. and his wife – Made their fortune from silver mines in Mexico. Original owner of the Bradbury Building in Downtown LA. Judge Robert M. Widney – Founder of
Bunker Hill, Los Angeles
1124953
The Battle of the Rice Boats, also called the Battle of Yamacraw Bluff, was a land and naval battle of the American Revolutionary War that took place in and around the Savannah River on the border between the Province of Georgia and the Province of South Carolina on March 2 and 3, 1776. The battle pitted the Patriot militia from Georgia and South Carolina against a small fleet of the Royal Navy. In December 1775, the British Army was besieged in Boston. In need of provisions, a Royal Navy fleet was sent to Georgia to purchase rice and other supplies. The arrival of this fleet prompted the colonial rebels who controlled the Georgia government to arrest the British Royal Governor, James Wright, and to resist the British seizure and removal of supply ships anchored at Savannah. Some of the supply ships were burned to prevent their seizure, some were recaptured, but most were successfully taken by the British. Governor Wright escaped from his confinement and safely reached one of the fleet's ships. His departure marked the end of British control over Georgia, although it was briefly restored when Savannah was retaken by the British in 1778. Wright again ruled from 1779 to 1782, when British troops were finally withdrawn during the closing days of the war. Background In April 1775, tensions over British colonial policies in the Thirteen Colonies boiled over into war with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Following those events, Patriot colonists surrounded the city of Boston, placing it under siege, although the encirclement was incomplete: the city could be resupplied by sea. News of this action and the June Battle of Bunker Hill fanned the flames of independence throughout the colonies. Although the Province of Georgia had managed to remain relatively neutral before these events, radicals in the Georgia provincial congress came into power during the summer of 1775 and progressively stripped Georgia's Royal Governor, James Wright, of his powers. While Wright had requested a naval presence near Savannah, the colony's capital, Patriots in Charleston, South Carolina had intercepted his request and substituted for it a dispatch indicating he did not need such support. The dispute in Georgia reached a crisis point when British men-of-war began arriving at Tybee Island in January 1776. On January 12, three ships were seen at anchor off Tybee Island; by January 18 the fleet consisted of , , , , and a number of smaller vessels. Wright's opinion, expressed to Joseph Clay and others, was that the fleet had been sent to punish the local rebels. In fact, these ships were the beginnings of a fleet assembled to acquire provisions in Savannah for the beleaguered British troops in Boston. In December 1775 General William Howe had ordered an expedition to purchase rice and other provisions in Georgia. By early February the entire fleet had assembled off Tybee Island. It was under the overall command of Captain Andrew Barclay (or Barkley) on , and included and two transports, Whitby and Symmetry,
Battle of the Rice Boats
11968105
Fort Bunker Hill was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, today very little remains of the structure. Civil War The fort was built in the fall of 1861 by soldiers from the 11th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry on land owned by Henry Quinn and was named after the Battle of Bunker Hill of 1775 in Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts. It was located between Fort Slemmer and Fort Saratoga and was intended to assist in the defense of the northeast approaches to Washington between Fort Totten and Fort Lincoln. Company F of the 11th Vermont Infantry Regiment was assigned to Fort Bunker Hill to assist in the defense of the city until November 17, 1862. Thirteen guns were mounted in the rectangular-shaped fort, which operated until the conclusion of hostilities in 1865. The following armament was assigned to Fort Bunker Hill: Eight 32-pounder James rifle (barbette) One 8-inch siege howitzer One Coehorn mortar One 10-inch siege mortar M. 1841 One 4-inch ordnance Two 30-pounder Parrotts The following troops garrisoned at Fort Bunker Hill: 11th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Company B, Main Coast Guards Detachment 2d Company, New Hampshire Heavy Artillery 150th Ohio National Guard Battery G, 3rd United States Artillery A supporting field battery stood a few yards to the North. Post Civil War The site of the fort is bounded by 14th, Otis, 13th, and Perry Streets NE in Brookland, DC. Today, little remains of the fort, and the site is maintained by the National Park Service. A marker by the National Park Service commemorates the Fort: Fort Bunker Hill One of the Civil War Defenses of Washington erected in the fall of 1861, Fort Bunker Hill occupied an important position between Fort Totten and Fort Lincoln in the defense of the National Capital. Thirteen guns and mortars were mounted in the fort. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service A nearby road was named Bunker Hill Road after the fort, but it was later renamed Michigan Avenue. See also Civil War Defenses of Washington Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War Fort Slocum Fort Totten Fort Slemmer Fort Saratoga Fort Thayer Fort Lincoln Battle of Fort Stevens References External links National Park Service Fort Bunker Hill Page Bunker Hill, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Bunker Hill Bunker American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places Parks in Washington, D.C. Demolished buildings and structures in Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War Military installations established in 1861 Military installations closed in 1865 1861 establishments in Washington, D.C. 1865 disestablishments in Washington, D.C. Brookland (Washington, D.C.)
Fort Bunker Hill
5569713
Marine Fighter Attack Training Squadron 501 (VMFAT-501) is a training squadron in the United States Marine Corps, consisting of 27 F-35B Lightning II aircraft and serves as the Fleet Replacement Squadron. Known as the "Warlords," the squadron is based at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina and falls administratively under Marine Aircraft Group 31 and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing. The squadron has assumed the lineage of VMFA-451 which was originally known as the "Blue Devils" and saw action during World War II and Operation Desert Storm. They were decommissioned on 31 January 1997. History World War II Marine Fighting Squadron 451 (VMF-451) was activated on 15 February 1944 at Marine Corps Air Station Mojave, California. The "Blue Devils" were one of 32 squadrons that trained at the base, and were collectively known as the "Mojave Marines". Equipped with the Chance-Vought F4U-1D Corsair, they spent nearly a year training for carrier-based operations under the command of Major Henry A. Ellis Jr., who remained the Commanding Officer for 17 months. The squadron moved on board on 24 January 1945, along with VF-84 and VMF-221. This was the first fast-carrier deployment with three Corsair squadrons. As a new member of CVG-84, collectively known as the "Wolf Gang", CV-17 sailed westward across the Pacific. They flew their first combat sorties on 16 February, against targets near Tokyo. The "Blue Devils" scored their first kill during the initial combat mission, but also suffered their first casualty. Lieutenant Forrest P. Brown was shot down by anti-aircraft fire, and was last seen floating in the water. On 18 March, they focused their fury on Kyushu, destroying the Myazaki and Omura air fields and bagging another kill. On 3 April, the "Blue Devils" had a field day in knocking down 11 Japanese planes, and on 12 April, they brought down 16 kamikazes. Major Archie Donahue, the XO, shot down three Vals and two Zekes, thus becoming the first carrier-based Marine "ace-in-a-day" and adding to the nine previous kills that he scored with VMF-112 in 1943. 11 May was pivotal for VMF-451 and the other "Wolf Gang" members of Bunker Hill. It started on a positive note, as First Lieutenant J.S. Norris Jr. shot down a Zeke near Amami, bringing VMF-451's score to 34 confirmed kills. At 1005 hours, Bunker Hill was struck by two kamikazes, each carrying a bomb that was released prior to impact. Bunker Hill immediately began to burn and the smoke attracted more kamikazes. However, none of the suicide planes were able to penetrate the flak, and Bunker Hill was spared any more hits. The flames were eventually extinguished and CV-17 limped back to Ulithi, then Pearl Harbor, and finally arrived for battle-damage repair at Puget Sound, Washington, on 3 June 1945. VMF-451 rejoined the ground echelon at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro to remain until the end of the war. They earned a Presidential Unit Citation for their efforts in the Japan, Bonins and Ryukyus campaigns, and were deactivated on 10
VMFAT-501
73166866
The Battle of Bunker Hill was a small skirmish near Bunker Hill, West Virginia, on July 15, 1861, as part of the Manassas Campaign of 1861. Skirmish In early June and July 1861, Union forces under General Robert Patterson advanced through the Shenandoah Valley area of Virginia (modern West Virginia), capturing and occupying towns and villages and skirmishing with local Confederate Militia. On July 15 a Union force advanced on Bunker Hill and came into contact with a small force of Confederate cavalrymen. In the ensuing skirmish, the Union forces drove the Confederates from the town and occupied the area before proceeding to Charles Town. Order of battle The following units were involved in the advance on and skirmish of Bunker Hill. Union 10th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment 17th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment - Colonel Francis E. Patterson 21st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment – Col. John F. Ballier 23rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment – Col. Charles P. Dare 11th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment – Col. Phaon Jarrett McMullin's [McMullen's] Company, Pennsylvania Independent Rangers – Capt. W. McMullen 1st Rhode Island Battery – Capt. Charles H. Tompkins 2nd U.S. Cavalry – detachment Confederate Virginia Militia Cavalry References Manassas campaign Battle of Bunker Hill (1861) 1861 in the American Civil War 1861 in Virginia
Battle of Bunker Hill (1861)
390323
USS Bunker Hill (CV/CVA/CVS-17, AVT-9) was one of 24 s built during World War II for the United States Navy. The ship was named for the Battle of Bunker Hill in the American Revolutionary War. Commissioned in May 1943 and sent to the Pacific Theater of Operations, the ship participated in battles in the Southwest Pacific, Central Pacific and the drive toward Japan through Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and air raids on the Japanese homeland. While covering the invasion of Okinawa, Bunker Hill was struck by two kamikazes in quick succession on 11 May 1945, setting the vessel on fire. Casualties exceeded 600, including 396 killed or missing, with 264 wounded. These were the second heaviest personnel losses suffered by any carrier to survive the war, after . After the attack, Bunker Hill returned to the U.S. mainland and was under repair when hostilities ended. After the war, Bunker Hill was employed as a troop transport bringing American service members back from the Pacific, and was decommissioned in 1947. While in reserve the vessel was reclassified as an attack carrier (CVA), then an antisubmarine carrier (CVS) and finally an Auxiliary Aircraft Landing Training Ship (AVT), but was never modernized and never saw active service again. Bunker Hill and Franklin were the only Essex-class ships never recommissioned after World War II. Stricken from the Naval Vessel Register in 1966, Bunker Hill served as an electronics test platform for many years in San Diego Bay. An effort to save her as a museum ship in 1972 was unsuccessful and she was sold for scrap in 1973. Construction and commissioning Bunker Hill was laid down on 15 September 1941, as hull number 1509 at the Bethlehem Steel Company's Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts, and launched on 7 December 1942, sponsored by Mrs. Donald Boynton. The carrier was commissioned on 25 May 1943, with Captain J. J. Ballentine in command. The carrier took aboard her air group at Norfolk, Virginia, at the end of June, and on 15 July sailed south to Trinidad on her shakedown cruise. Three weeks later the ship returned to Norfolk, and on 4 September sailed south to the Panama Canal on the way to San Diego, Pearl Harbor, and the Pacific Theater of Operations. Service history during World War II 1943–1944 Bunker Hill had worked up with VF-17, a new fighter squadron flying F4U Corsairs. The Corsair, a new airplane, had some difficulties in its development, and the Navy gave consideration to replacing VF-17's Corsairs with Grumman F6F Hellcats. The squadron successfully argued for retention of its Corsairs, as they felt they were better combat aircraft. Hence, Bunker Hill had departed for the combat theater with VF-17 and its Corsairs aboard. While en route from San Diego to Pearl Harbor, the pilots found that the Navy had decided not to use Corsairs aboard carriers, to avoid carrying parts and supplies for two fighters (the Corsair and the Hellcat) and with the challenges the U.S. Navy was having in getting
USS Bunker Hill (CV-17)
57680783
Fort Slemmer sometimes called Battery Slemmer was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln. Unlike other forts, today very little remains of the structure. Civil War The fort was named in honor of Lieutenant Adam J. Slemmer. It was built in August 1861 between Fort Totten and Fort Bunker Hill on the east side of Harewood Road just north of The Catholic University of America's Marist Hall. In February 1862, the 20th New York moved in the fort. The fort was equipped with the following armament: Three 32-pounder James guns One 8-inch siege howitzer The following troops garrisoned in the fort: 20th New York Several New Hampshire Heavy Artillery 150th Ohio National Guard Battery G, 3rd United States Artillery Post Civil War The fort was abandoned at the end of the civil war in 1865. It fell in disrepair after the war. See also Civil War Defenses of Washington Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War Fort Slocum Fort Totten Fort Bunker Hill Fort Saratoga Fort Thayer Fort Lincoln Battle of Fort Stevens References External links Civil War Defenses of Washington official website Bunker Hill, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Bunker Hill Bunker American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places Parks in Washington, D.C. Demolished buildings and structures in Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War 1861 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Fort Slemmer
60516629
The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought between 9 August and 30 September 1952 during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) and Chinese forces over several frontline outposts. Background In March 1952 the US 1st Marine Division was transferred to US I Corps and moved onto the Jamestown Line, the UN's Main line of resistance (MLR) across Korea. The segment of the Jamestown Line assigned to the 1st Marine Division extended southwest from the Samichon River and the left flank of the British 1st Commonwealth Division, crossed the 38th Parallel (the original demarcation between North and South Korea) shifted to the south bank of the Imjin River in the vicinity of Munsan-ni, continued to the conflux of the Imjin and Han River, and then followed the south bank of the Han past the Kimpo Peninsula. Opposing the Marines on the Jamestown Line, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) had the 65th and 63rd Armies, totaling 49,800 troops. Battle Outpost Siberia (9-10 August) Shortly after midnight on 9 August, the PVA seized Outpost Siberia (Hill 58A), the site of a squad-size outpost, and also probed the positions of the 1st Marine Regiment. Siberia lay midway between the MLR and the line of PVA outposts. PVA possession of Siberia would provide observation posts to adjust artillery and mortar fire against the nearest segment of the Jamestown Line. As a result, Colonel Walter F. Layer's 1st Marines, on the right of the division's line, counterattacked at once, using the same unit, Company E, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines that had dispatched the squad driven from Siberia. PVA artillery and mortar fire, directed from Hills 110 and 120, stopped the counterattack short of its objective. The Marines called for air strikes and additional artillery fire before renewing the counterattack on Siberia. At 06:50, four F9F jets from the 1st Marine Air Wing struck, dropping Napalm and 500-pound bombs. Shortly before 10:00, Air Force F-80 jets dropped 1,000-pound bombs, and a platoon from Company A, 1st Battalion, 1st Marines, the regimental reserve of the 1st Marines, stormed the hill, with the support of a platoon from the 2nd Battalion's Company E. The PVA again replied with mortars and artillery but could not stop the assault, which seized the crest. The supporting platoon from Company E joined in organizing the defense of the recaptured outpost, which came under a deadly torrent of accurate fire that forced the Marines to seek the protection of the reverse slope, nearer the MLR, where they held out until midafternoon before falling back. The PVA's artillery and mortars had fired an estimated 5,000 rounds, wounding or killing three quarters of the Marines who had attacked Siberia on the morning of 9 August. While Companies E and A reorganized the task of recapturing Siberia fell to Company C, which attacked with two platoons starting uphill at 01:16 on 10 August. A firefight erupted, lasting four hours, but the Marines gained the crest and held it until dawn, when driven from Siberia
Battle of Bunker Hill (1952)
22673115
Operation Blaze (2 July 1952) was a United Nations Command (UN) operation near Kangao-ri during the Korean War to capture a prisoner. The raid involved a company-sized attack from the newly arrived 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR) on Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) positions on Hill 227. Although the Australians were able to take some of the PVA positions on the hill, they did not achieve all of their objectives and were eventually forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition. Background Australia had committed a second battalion to the fighting in Korea in 1952, with the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR) joining 3 RAR in the 28th British Commonwealth Brigade of the 1st Commonwealth Division in early June. Soon after the battalion was detached to the 29th British Infantry Brigade to relieve the 1st Battalion, the Leicestershire Regiment, on the Jamestown Line. Battle A Company 1 RAR, under the command of Major David Thomson, was tasked to raid the positions of the PVA 39th Field Army on Hill 227. The raid was 1 RAR's first major action of the war and was to be carried out in broad daylight. The objectives of the raid were to take prisoners for the purpose of gathering intelligence and to overrun the garrison stationed on Hill 227. Preceded by a bombardment from supporting artillery, the attack on Hill 227 started at 09:00. With the assaulting troops wearing American issue body armour and with flamethrower and demolition platoons attached, the company gained the top within half an hour and immediately faced heavy and accurate PVA small arms, mortar and artillery fire. Company headquarters received two direct hits from mortar fire, killing the wireless operator and wounding the artillery forward observation officer and two other members. Only two out of six bunkers targeted for capture were subsequently occupied, and the Australians attempted to flush the PVA out into the open. However, the assaulting force was unable to dislodge the remaining PVA defenders, nor were they able to capture a prisoner. A Company remained in possession of Hill 227 stronghold for 90 minutes, before being directed to withdraw due to running out of ammunition. Aftermath Although the Australians failed to achieve all their objectives, it was not a complete failure for them. The PVA positions atop Hill 227 were largely destroyed, and the operation provided 1 RAR with vital experience against the PVA. A Company also gained high praise for their conduct, with the operation overseen from a nearby observation post on Hill 210 by General James Van Fleet, commander of US Eighth Army; General Mark Clark, UN commander; Major General James Cassels, commander of the 1st Commonwealth Division; and Brigadier Thomas Daly, the commander 28th Brigade. Regardless, the preceding artillery bombardment by the 25 pounders had been too light to cause damage to the bunkers on Hill 227 while the two airstrikes planned in support of the operation could not be undertaken due to poor weather. Major David Thomson and Lieutenant
Operation Blaze
532389
USS Bunker Hill (CG-52) was a guided missile cruiser of the United States Navy constructed by Litton-Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation at Pascagoula, Mississippi and launched on 11 March 1985. The Ticonderoga-class cruisers are equipped with the Aegis Combat System and Bunker Hill is the first of the class to be equipped with the Mark 41 Vertical Launching System (VLS) in place of the previous ships' twin-arm Mark 26 missile launchers, which greatly improved the flexibility and firepower of the ships by allowing them to fire BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles for land attack missions. Other missions include ballistic missile defence and capital ship escort for anti-aircraft defense. The ship was commissioned on 20 September 1986 and was homeported at Naval Base San Diego in San Diego, California. Bunker Hill saw service in the Persian Gulf during the Gulf War and deployed off the Somalian coast to prevent piracy. The cruiser has forward deployed to Yokosuka, Japan and has performed missions in the Pacific including monitoring missions during the Third Taiwan Strait Crisis. Bunker Hill was decommissioned on 22 September 2023 at Naval Base San Diego. Service history 1980s After commissioning in Charlestown, Massachusetts, Bunker Hill entered the Pacific Ocean via the Panama Canal and began short notice work-ups to deploy to the U.S. Seventh Fleet. She made her first deployment in July 1987, nearly one year ahead of schedule. During READIEX 87-5, Bunker Hill first operated with Battle Group Sierra which consisted of Commander, Cruiser-Destroyer Group 1, the battleship , cruiser , destroyer , frigate , and supply vessel . She deployed as part of Battle Group Sierra (Task Group 30.7). Following an upkeep period at Subic Bay in the Philippines, Bunker Hill became Anti-Air Warfare Coordinator for Battle Group Sierra (TG 70.10), now en route to the North Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. During the deployment she provided an anti-air warfare umbrella inside the Persian Gulf for Missouri and other US-flagged tankers and ships transiting through the Strait of Hormuz. In August 1988, Bunker Hills homeport was shifted from San Diego to Yokosuka, Japan joining the Carrier Battle Group. She then deployed with the Midway group for four months with the Seventh Fleet, for which she was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation. She was also awarded her first Battle Efficiency Award. 1990s In November 1990, Bunker Hill sailed in support of Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm and served as the multinational Air Warfare Commander (AAWC) and as one of the first ships to launch a Tomahawk Land Attack Cruise Missile against Iraqi targets. Following the conclusion of the Persian Gulf War, Bunker Hill participated in organizing and establishing Operation Southern Watch, the complex enforcement of the United Nations-established no-fly zone over southern Iraq. Bunker Hill made a historical visit to the Russian city Vladivostok in 1993, and then one year later she made a port visit to Qingdao in the People's Republic of China. In March 1996, during the Third Taiwan Strait Crisis, she took station south of
USS Bunker Hill (CG-52)
6162956
The Battle of Maroun al-Ras was a battle of the 2006 Lebanon War that took place in Maroun ar-Ras, a small village in southern Lebanon on the border with Israel, and Jall ad-Dayr, a nearby Hizbullah stronghold. This battle was the first serious ground battle in the 2006 Lebanon war. It was fought to a large extent by elite forces on both sides and would have huge consequences for the future of the war. Although Israeli forces captured most of the town, they did not fully secure it. The clash at the "Nature Reserve" There are two different Israeli versions about how the battle of Maroun ar-Ras actually started. According to Gal Hirsch, commander of the 91st Division, a unit of 18 soldiers from the elite Maglan special reconnaissance were sent out to occupy a Hezbollah position on mount Jall ad-Dayr (before 2000 the place of the IDF outpost Shaked), from which the nearby IDF base of Avivim had been shelled, as well as the small nearby village of Maroun ar-Ras. If that version is true it would seem that the IDF had grossly underestimated Hezbollah strength. According to the IDF General Command however, the Maglan unit was on a reconnaissance mission and under strict orders to avoid Hezbollah strongholds or Shiite villages. According to this version the Maglan unit walked into the Hezbollah stronghold by mistake. After a steep climb up the hill on July 19, the 18-man squad from the Maglan special reconnaissance unit finally reached the summit next to the village. The Israeli soldiers realized that they were surrounded by Hezbollah positions. The squad was instructed to make contact during daylight and a violent close range clash ensued, St.-Sgt. Yonatan Hadasi has been hit from close range and St.-Sgt. Yotam Gilboa, the squad paramedic rushed to his rescue and has also been hit from close range. Both were instantly killed and additional nine were injured. The commanding officer and some of the remaining soldiers froze out of shock. Maj. Amit Ze'evi, who took part in the mission as an outsider, took over command, slapping several soldiers into action. The unit claims to have killed five Hezbollah fighters. The Maglan soldiers had no idea what a Hezbollah Nature Reserve was. Even the IDF officers who ordered the operation thought that it consisted "at most of a cave or bunker". Paratrooper commander Hagai Mordechai said after the war that it was the Nature Reserves that surprised him most in the early battles. "Nature Reserves" became IDF soldiers' slang during the war for well-fortified Hezbollah strongholds, situated outside built-up areas in Southern Lebanon. They had well-protected firing positions for Katyusha rockets, as well as bunkers and tunnels to protect the fighters, usually elite Special Force from the Nasr Unit (, Wahdat Nasr). It was surrounded by booby traps, mines and had CCTV surveillance. Uzi Mahnaimi labeled them "killing boxes". Apparently the IDF Staff tried to do away with the term for fear that the IDF would be perceived to cause
Battle of Maroun al-Ras
243860
William Prescott (February 20, 1726 – October 13, 1795) was an American colonel in the Revolutionary War who commanded the patriot forces in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Prescott is known for his order to his soldiers, "Do not fire until you see the whites of their eyes", such that the rebel troops may shoot at the enemy at shorter ranges, and therefore more accurately and lethally, and so conserve their limited stocks of ammunition. It is debated whether Prescott or someone earlier coined this memorable saying. Life Prescott was born in Groton, Massachusetts, to Benjamin Prescott (1696–1738) and Abigail Oliver Prescott (1697–1765). He married Abigail Hale (1733–1821) on April 13, 1758, and they had one child, who is named William Prescott Jr. William Prescott owned a house in Pepperell, Massachusetts, on Prescott Street. Prescott was then a frontier town bordering upon Hollis N.H. In fact, the Indians long continued to be his neighbors, so that there when it was considered unsafe to go into the field to their daily labor without their rifles. Col. Prescott held his lands as his son, Hon. Wm. Prescott, late of Prescott, and his grandson Wm. H. Prescott, the historian, continued to hold them, under the original Indian title. Prescott served in the provincial militia in King George's War where he served in the 1745 Siege of Louisbourg under William Pepperrell, and was a lieutenant in the Provincial troops which were sent to remove the neutral French from Nova Scotia in 1755. After his return he married Miss Hale, as above, and was promoted to the office of captain. In 1755, when the French and Indian War widened, he saw action at the Battle of Fort Beausejour. He turned down an offer to join the British Army for his service in that war. The now-disincorporated town of Prescott, Massachusetts, was named after him. He was the father of William Prescott Jr., who fought with him at the Battle of Bunker Hill. He was the grandfather of eminent historian William H. Prescott, after whom Prescott, Arizona, is named. American Revolutionary War In 1774, Prescott was appointed colonel of a regiment of “minute men”, enrolled in Pepperell and vicinity. After hearing of the “regulars’” (British) attack on Lexington on 19 April 1775, the alarm was raised that British troops were marching on Concord. The news reached Pepperell about 10 am. Prescott immediately gave orders for the company in Pepperell and the company in Hollis to march to Groton and thence to the scene of action. Arriving before the Groton Companies were ready, the Pepperell and Hollis companies, after a short halt, proceeded on their way in advance of the Groton companies. Col. Prescott hastened ahead with as many of his regiment as he could collect to Concord and thence to Cambridge, but did not overtake the retreating British troops. They arrived too late to participate in the day's battles, but they became part of the small army that laid siege to Boston afterward. He and most
William Prescott
64189931
The United States Navy sent their naval forces in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf including six Aircraft Carriers to take part in Operation Desert Storm, including others that arrived before or after the war started and ended (as part of Operation Southern Watch). Units in Operation Desert Shield Before Operation Desert Storm, the US Navy helped with the buildup of forces in the Middle East. Both Independence and Dwight D. Eisenhower did not take part in the actual conflict. 'Battle Group Delta'''* (Relieved by USS Midway on 1 November 1990) - Persian Gulf === Source: USS Independence CV-62 USS Jouett CG-29 USS Antietam CG-54 USS Goldborough DDG-20 USS Reasoner FF-1063 USS Brewton FF-1086 USS Barbey FF-1088 === USS Dwight D. Eisenhower CVN-69 (8 to 24 August) - Persian Gulf === Source: USS Dwight D. Eisenhower CVN-69 USS Ticonderoga CG-47 USS Tattnall DDG-19 USS Scott DDG-995 USS Peterson DD-969 USS John Rodgers DD-983 USS John L. Hall FFG-32 USS Paul FF-1080 == Units in Operation Desert Storm == === Battle Group Alfa'(2 October 1990 to 17 April 1991 - Persian Gulf) === Source: USS Midway CV-41 (Flagship of Battle Force Zulu) USS Bunker Hill CG-52 USS Mobile Bay CG-53 USS Hewitt DD-966 USS Oldendorf DD-972 USS Fife DD-991 USS Curts FFG-38 Unlike the other carriers in the Gulf War, USS Midway couldn't carry the S-3 Viking or the F-14 Tomcat due to her size constraints meaning the ship instead had three F/A-18 squadrons. === Saratoga Carrier Battlegroup (7 August 1990 to 28 March 1991) - Red Sea === USS Saratoga CV-60 USS South Carolina CGN-37 USS Biddle CG-34 USS Philippine Sea CG-58 USS Spruance DD-963 USS Sampson DDG-10 USS Elmer Montgomery FF-1082 USS Thomas C. Hart FF-1092 === Battle Group Echo (8 December 1990 – 8 June 1991) - Persian Gulf === Source: USS Ranger CV-61 USS Horne CG-30 USS Valley Forge CG-50 USS Princeton CG-59 USS Paul F. Foster DD-964 USS Harry W. Hill DD-986 USS Jarrett FFG-33 USS Francis Hammond FF-1067 USS Ranger had a very different air wing compared to most carriers in the Gulf War as it was in the 'Grumman Air Wing' format. This meant it didn't have the F/A-18 or A-7E Corsair, which were the 2 different light attack aircraft used on many of the carriers, replacing them with 2 A-6E intruder squadrons. === USS America CV-66 (28 December 1990 – 18 April 1991) - Red Sea (Later Persian Gulf) === USS America CV-66 USS Virginia CGN-38 USS Normandy CG-60 USS William V. Pratt DDG-44 USS Preble DDG-46 USS Halyburton FFG-40 USS America crossed through the Suez Canal on 15 January 1991, the same day the UN deadline for Iraq leaving Kuwait ended. At daylight on 19 January 1991 (2 days after the first night), CVW-1 conducted their first strikes against Iraq. === USS John F. Kennedy CV-67 (15 August 1990 – 28 March 1991) - Red Sea=== USS John F. Kennedy CV-67 USS Mississippi CGN-40 USS Thomas S. Gates CG-51 USS San Jacinto
Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War
16015676
The 2nd Maryland Cavalry Battalion, a.k.a. Gilmor's Partisan Rangers, was a Confederate unit in the American Civil War. History The unit was founded and commanded by Colonel Harry Gilmor. Gilmor was a member of the Towson Guards (a.k.a. Baltimore Horse Guards), when the Civil War started. Due to his political views, he was taken prisoner by the U.S. Federal government and imprisoned at Fort McHenry. After he was released, he went to the Shenandoah Valley to join the Confederate Army. He served as a scout for Colonel Turner Ashby, General J. E. B. Stuart's predecessor. Gilmor joined as a private, but was quickly promoted to sergeant major. In March, 1862, he had raised his own company, which was attached to the 12th Virginia Cavalry. Gilmor served with General Stonewall Jackson at the Battle of McDowell in May 1862. Gilmor's Cavalry Company spent the next three months scouting, serving as couriers and harassing enemy camps and trains. In September 1862, Harry Gilmor was with General Jackson when he crossed the Potomac River into Maryland. While in Maryland, Gilmor went on "French leave", to see his family in Towson, Maryland, just north of Baltimore. While en route to his family home, Glen Ellen Plantation, Gilmor was taken prisoner by Union Forces. Gilmor would spend six months as a prisoner-of-war, but was back with Confederate Forces as part of a prisoner exchange in early 1863, and served as aide-de-camp for General J.E.B. Stuart at the Battle of Kelly's Ford in March 1863. Shortly after the battle, Harry Gilmor petitioned to raise his own cavalry regiment. He organized several companies of mostly Marylanders into a unit that called themselves "The Band". Occasionally, Gilmor's Battalion fought alongside other units such as McNeill's Rangers, and the 1st Maryland Cavalry, CSA. During the Confederate campaign into Maryland in June 1863, Harry Gilmor was temporarily placed in command of the 1st Maryland Cavalry, after its commander was wounded in combat. After the Gettysburg Campaign, the Confederate Army returned to Virginia. During this time, Gilmor had 6 full companies of rangers operating in the Shenandoah Valley. They conducted mainly guerrilla-type operations against Union wagon trains, railroads, telegraph lines, depots, bridges and encampments. In June 1864, Gilmor's Battalion was designated as the 2nd Maryland Cavalry. The 1st & 2nd Maryland Cavalry units became involved in almost daily skirmishes with Union General Sheridan's cavalry. Colonel Gilmor was seriously wounded near Bunker Hill, West Virginia on September 3, 1864, and did not return to action until October, missing the Battle of Opequon and the Battle of Fisher's Hill. In February 1865, the 2nd Maryland went into West Virginia to forage for supplies, and to meet up with McNeill's Rangers. In the process, Colonel Harry Gilmor was captured on February 4, 1865, and taken to Fort Warren, Massachusetts. See also Maryland Civil War Confederate Units Lists of American Civil War Regiments by State References Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from Maryland 1862 establishments in Maryland 1865 disestablishments in Maryland Military
2nd Maryland Cavalry Battalion (Confederate)
74173930
Alexander Quapish (1741-March 23, 1776), also known as Alexander Quabish, was a Wampanoag veteran of the American Revolution. Personal life Quapish was born in 1741 in Wampanoag territory in Yarmouth, Massachusetts. He moved to Dedham, Massachusetts and married Sarah David, a Christian indigenous woman from that community in 1767, having filed his intention to do so on October 27. He may have moved to Dedham because both Yarmouth and Dedham were associated with groups of Christian Indians. Both Sarah and Quapish were known as the "last Indian" in Dedham. Quapish and Sarah had at least one child, a daughter named Alice. No lineal descendants were known to exist as of 2020, however. Revolutionary War Quapish enlisted in Dedham as a private in the 13th Massachusetts Regiment on May 8, 1775, shortly after both Sarah's death and the Battles of Lexington and Concord. His company was commanded by Captain Daniel Whiting and Colonel Jonathan Brewer. In June, he fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill. On July 3, 1775, he was selected to serve on the main guard under Lt. Col. Loammi Baldwin. His name appears on both the August and October rolls of the company, and an order for a bounty coat was dated Prospect Hill on 22 December 1775. Death and initial burial In November 1775, Quabish became ill. He was taken to the Needham Leg home of 14-year-old Michael Bacon, with whom he camped in Cambridge during the Battle of Bunker Hill. He was cared for by the Bacons beginning on November 15, 1775, and died there on March 23, 1776, of unknown causes. At the time, Needham Leg, known today as South Natick was predominantly an Indian enclave. Bacon's father, Michael Bacon, Sr., then petitioned the Great and General Court for compensation for caring for Quapish and then burying him. The elder Bacon's petition was endorsed by three Needham selectmen, and accompanied by a bill of £6, 8s. of which eight shillings were for a coffin, and three shillings for "Diging his Grave." Where Quapish was buried is not entirely clear. It is likely he was buried in the Pond Street Burial Ground in Natick, Massachusetts. He may also have been buried in Dedham or Needham. Warren Anatomical Museum In 1856, Quapish was disintered from Dedham by Henry Jacob Bigelow of the Warren Anatomical Museum at the Harvard School of Medicine. The records are not clear how his remains ended up in Dedham, or when. The only records in the museum describe him as "Qualish, the last of the Indian tribe at Dedham, Mass.; was buried in 1774; aet. 68." In 1990, the Congress passed the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) and Quapish's remains were turned over to the federal government. Of more than 1,000 sets of remains, Quapish's were the only to which NAGPRA researchers, the Warren Museum, and the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology were able to attach a name. In accordance with the law, representatives of three Wampanoag-affiliated tribes, the
Alexander Quapish
8105200
The Battle of Crucifix Hill was a World War II battle that took place on 8 October 1944, on Crucifix Hill (Haarberg, Hill 239), next to the village of Haaren in Germany and was a part of the U.S. 1st Division's campaign to seize Aachen, Germany. The Battle of Aachen was part of the Drive to the Siegfried Line. The hill was named after a large crucifix mounted on the top of the hill. The objective of the battle was to gain control of the hill, which was laced with a maze of pillboxes and bunkers, so that the main objective of encircling Aachen could be completed. The hill was held by units of the German 246. Volksgrenadierdivision. Battle The U.S. 18th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, commanded by Col. George A. Smith Jr., directed its 1st Battalion (commanded by Lt. Col. Henry G. Leonard, Jr.) to take the hill employing special pillbox assault teams equipped with flamethrowers, Bangalore torpedoes, and demolition charges. A battery of tank destroyers and self-propelled guns were to provide supporting direct fire at the pillboxes. As the leading rifle platoon of C Company assaulted the first pillbox, flanking fire from a nearby pillbox gun emplacement took the platoon in crossfire. The pinned-down soldiers also experienced an intense artillery barrage on their exposed positions. Capt. Bobbie E. Brown was the company commander of C Company, a former boxer who had earned a battlefield commission in Normandy. During the onslaught of the nearby pillbox, Capt. Brown grabbed a pole charge and ran under enemy fire and placed the charge in the pillbox, destroying it. He did this twice more to two other pillboxes, each time successfully destroying the pillbox; only on the third one was he wounded by a mortar round. Although he was wounded, he refused medical attention and continued up the hill. After the hill was secure, he went by himself on a reconnaissance mission to locate enemy troops beyond the hill. He deliberately drew the enemy fire to find out where enemy emplacements were. While doing this, he was wounded twice more. The information he discovered about German emplacements allowed his company to repel two German counterattacks. Only after the position was completely secure did he allow treatment for his wounds. For his actions during the Battle of Crucifix Hill, Capt. Brown received the Medal of Honor. Attempted recapture On 12 October, two German infantry regiments attempted to retake Crucifix Hill. In fierce fighting, the Germans temporarily took control of the hill, but were dislodged by the end of the day with both regiments virtually destroyed. In popular culture In the 2005 video game Call of Duty 2: Big Red One, the main protagonist and his squad fight for the summit of Hill 239 in the level "Crucifix Hill". See also List of military engagements of World War II Battle of Aachen Battle of Hurtgen Forest References Schur, Keith. "Combat Mission: Crucifix Hill." Games Depot. 20 May 2003. Wargamer Publishing, Inc.. 24 Nov 2006
Battle of Crucifix Hill
3597636
The 2nd Rhode Island Regiment (also known as Hitchcock's Regiment and the 11th Continental Infantry) was authorized on 6 May 1775 under Colonel Daniel Hitchcock in the Rhode Island Army of Observation and was organized on 8 May 1775 as eight companies of volunteers from Providence County of the colony of Rhode Island. As part of a brigade organized under Nathanael Greene, the unit participated in the Siege of Boston during the remainder of 1775. Some elements accompanied Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec late in the year. The unit was renamed the 11th Continental Regiment on the first day of 1776. In its new designation, the regiment fought in the New York and New Jersey campaign starting in August 1776. After retreating across New Jersey, the unit was renamed the 2nd Rhode Island Regiment and fought at Assunpink Creek and Princeton in early January. Hitchcock died soon after and the 2nd Regiment was ordered away to defend the Hudson River valley. In September 1777 the regiment, now under Colonel Israel Angell, was recalled to the main army for the Philadelphia Campaign. With the 1st Rhode Island Regiment, it won a victory at Red Bank in October 1777. Portions of the unit defended Fort Mifflin where the 2nd Regiment's Major Simeon Thayer assumed command of the fort near the end of the siege. In 1778 the regiment fought at the battles of Monmouth and Rhode Island. In June of the following year it was in the thick of action at Springfield in New Jersey. On 1 January 1781, the regiment was consolidated with the 1st Regiment and the new unit was renamed the Rhode Island Regiment. For the unit's subsequent history, see the 1st Rhode Island Regiment. Regiment history Hitchcock's Regiment (1775) Shortly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the General Assembly of Rhode Island decided to raise a brigade of three regiments to join the Army of Observation during the Siege of Boston. The three regiments were organized in May 1775. The regiment from Providence County was placed under the command of Colonel Daniel Hitchcock, for whom it was named as the Continental Army did not have numerical designations of units at that time. (The other two regiments were then known as Varnum's Regiment (raised in Kent and Kings Counties) and Church's Regiment (raised in Newport and Bristol Counties). Shortly after the regiments were organized, they marched north to Boston under the command of Brigadier General Nathanael Greene. The Regiment would see action at Roxbury, Massachusetts during the Battle of Bunker Hill in June. The regiment was expanded to ten companies on 28 June 1775. It was adopted into the Continental Army when General George Washington arrived in Cambridge and took command on 3 July 1775. It was assigned to Greene's Brigade on 22 July 1775. 11th Continental Infantry (1776) The regiment was re-organized as the 11th Continental Infantry on 1 January 1776. Following the British evacuation of Boston in March, the regiment, along with the bulk of the
2nd Rhode Island Regiment
57665886
Fort Saratoga was one of seven temporary earthwork forts part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War built in the Northeast quadrant of the city at the beginning of the Civil War by the Union Army to protect the city from the Confederate Army. From west to east, the forts were as follow: Fort Slocum, Fort Totten, Fort Slemmer, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Saratoga, Fort Thayer and Fort Lincoln.. Unlike other forts, nothing remains of the structure. Civil War Fort Saratoga was an earthwork fort part of the Civil War Defenses of Washington, D.C. It was located 2 1/2 miles from the city at time, between Fort Bunker Hill and Fort Thayer on the north side of Brentwood Road (now Rhode Island Avenue (Washington, D.C.)), east of it crossing Queen's Chapel Road. It was established in August 1861 and built in part by the 112th Pennsylvania. The fort was 186 feet above mean tide level. It had room for eight guns with a perimeter of 154 yards. The fort had the following armament: Six 32-pounder smoothbore canon (barbette) One 42-pounder James gun One 24-pounder Coehorn mortar South of the fort, on the opposite side of the road was Battery Morris. The following troops were garrison at the fort at some point during the Civil War: 112th Regiment Pennsylvania - 2nd Heavy Artillery 1st District of Columbia Infantry Regiment 12th Veteran Reserve Regiment 150th Ohio National Guard 2nd Company, New Hampshhire Heavy Artillery Post Civil War With the end of the Civil War, the fort is abandoned in 1865. The field went back to private ownership and in 1902, it is owned by a Mrs. Walsh and used as a cultivated field. Today, it is a residential with no sign of the fort. See also Civil War Defenses of Washington Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War Fort Slocum Fort Totten Fort Slemmer Fort Bunker Hill Fort Thayer Fort Lincoln Battle of Fort Stevens References Bunker Hill, Fort Bunker Hill, Fort Bunker Hill Bunker American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places Parks in Washington, D.C. Demolished buildings and structures in Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
Fort Saratoga
56363140
Lucio P. Curig is a retired Philippine Army enlisted trooper and a recipient of the Philippines' highest military award for courage: the Medal of Valor. Action against the Abu Sayyaf In March 2000, Abu Sayyaf militants in Basilan abducted approximately 28-29 civilians, including schoolchildren, a Catholic priest, and two teachers. Curig was part of a Scout Ranger unit under the command of Major Roberto Caldeo tasked with pursuing the kidnappers and rescuing the hostages. On 28 April 2000, Curig's unit assaulted the Abu Sayyaf camp where the hostages were being held. The Scout Rangers were able to surprise the militants but due to advantage in terrain, the militants were able to pin down the government security forces and hold their ground. On the third day of the operation, Caldeo decided that two squads of Scout Rangers would have to volunteer and make an all-out assault up the steep terrain to clear out the bunkers keeping the rest of the government forces pinned down. Curig volunteered for one of the "suicide squads". After four hours of intense fighting, they managed to clear the bunkers as the Abu Sayyaf retreated. Recovered were the beheaded bodies of the two hostage teachers. Curig was conferred the Medal of Valor for his actions during the battle. Roberto Caldeo, who had by then been promoted to colonel, committed suicide in April 2008; allegedly due to stress suffered as a result of the operation that killed six of his men. Curig's point of view Curig reveals in a video-recorded interview that the Philippine Army unit that embarked on the operation to rescue the hostages was battalion-sized, consisting of three companies. The Abu Sayyaf, led by Abu Sabaya, were encamped on elevated terrain, and the army soldiers elected to approach the camp via a route that was almost 90 degrees steep, hoping to achieve surprise. Upon reaching a level area near the Abu Sayyaf bunkers, the soldiers came under fire from trenches dug in front of the bunkers. The army soldiers began to take casualties until the first two companies of the main assault effort were forced to withdraw. Curig, who was assigned in the reserve company, slowly made his way up the hill and managed to position himself where he could observe the Abu Sayyaf trenches. From there, he began to snipe at the Abu Sayyaf. His effectiveness at this began to tell when the Abu Sayyaf started concentrating their fire at his position. However, he remained there and continued shooting at the enemy, fearing that if the Abu Sayyaf managed to overrun his position, there would be no one else between the enemy, his battalion commander a bit lower down the slope, and the casualties at the collection point at the bottom of the hill. He stayed there alone, as all his other companions had been wounded, for almost three days. The Abu Sayyaf attempted multiple times to assault his position, but could not do so due to his effective fire. Neither could the army soldiers
Lucio Curig
3175138
The Battle of Bloody Ridge was a ground combat battle that took place during the Korean War from 18 August to 5 September 1951. By the summer of 1951, the Korean War had reached a stalemate as peace negotiations began at Kaesong. The opposing armies faced each other across a line which ran from east to west, through the middle of the Korean peninsula, located in hills a few miles north of the 38th Parallel in the central Korean mountain range. United Nations and the North Korean Korean People's Army (KPA) and Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) forces jockeyed for position along this line, clashing in several relatively small but intense and bloody battles. Bloody Ridge began as an attempt by UN forces to seize a ridge of hills which they believed were being used as observation posts to call in artillery fire on a UN supply road. Background U.S. Eighth Army commander General James Van Fleet had directed U.S. X Corps commander Maj. Gen. Clovis E. Byers to eliminate important KPA observation posts that directed heavy and accurate artillery fire upon Line Kansas position from the ridge, some west and slightly south of Hill 1179. Since Van Fleet believed that the Republic of Korea Army (ROK) troops lacked self-confidence and needed experience to develop faith in their own abilities, he instructed Byers to use ROK units in the assault. Byers, in turn, attached the ROK 36th Regiment, 5th Infantry Division to the U.S. 2nd Infantry Division. The objective was an east–west ridge with three peaks, the highest at the western end rising to 983 meters. The ridge formed the crossbar of an H-shaped hill mass that overlooked the forward positions of the 2nd Division some south of Hill 983. Battle The battle began on 18 August and after five days of repeated frontal assaults the ROK 36th Regiment took the ridge, later called Bloody Ridge, but then had to withdraw under heavy KPA pressure. General Clark L. Ruffner, the 2nd Infantry Division commander, had to commit elements of the U.S. 9th Infantry Regiment to support the South Koreans, but still the KPA refused to give ground. The North Koreans were protected by thick mine fields and strongly built bunkers that resisted destruction by anything less than accurate direct fire. With ample supplies of automatic weapons and hand grenades, they waited in their bunkers until the UN artillery and air support ceased. Then, as the Eighth Army soldiers labored up the last few yards of the steep slopes, they would move out into their firing positions and send a hail of bullets and grenades at the attackers. The steadily mounting casualty lists led to a decline in morale among the men of the ROK 36th Regiment. On 27 August some units of the regiment broke and ran, spreading panic among the elements of the U.S. 9th Regiment as well. The deterioration of the situation on Bloody Ridge led General Byers on 28 August to alter his approach and he decided
Battle of Bloody Ridge
10579135
The Exiles (1961) is a film by Kent MacKenzie chronicling a day in the life of a group of 20-something Native Americans who left reservation life in the 1950s to live in the district of Bunker Hill, Los Angeles, California. Bunker Hill was then a blighted residential locality of decayed Victorian mansions, sometimes featured in the writings of Raymond Chandler, John Fante, and Charles Bukowski. The structure of the film is that of a narrative feature, the script pieced together from interviews with the documentary subjects. The film features Yvonne Williams, Homer Nish, and Tommy Reynolds. Plot The film is about Native Americans who have left their reservations in the Southwest. It follows them in Bunker Hill, a gritty neighborhood in Los Angeles. The cast of American Indian actors are notable for their lack of self-consciousness as they drink and socialize during a night out on the town ending in a 49 party of drumming and dancing on "Hill X" overlooking downtown LA. Cast Yvonne Williams Homer Nish Tommy Reynolds Rico Rodrigues Clifford Ray Sam Clydean Parker Mary Donahue Eddie Sunrise as singer on Hill X Jacinto Valenzuela Ann Amiador as waitress at The Ritz Delos Yellow Eagle Louis Irwin Norman St. Pierre Marilyn Lewis as Yvonne's friend Bob Lemoyne Ernest Marden Frankie Red Elk Chris Surefoot Sedrick Second Leonard Postock Eugene Pablo Matthew Pablo Sarah Mazy Gloria Muti Arthur Madrull as man being shaved Ted Guardipee Ned Casey Jay Robidaux I. J. Walker Julia Escalanti as Rico's wife Danny Escalanti as boy with skypiece Della Escalanti Tony Fierro Production Filming was started in the late 1950s. The film features rock and roll music provided by Anthony Hilder and Robert Hafner. It was performed by The Revels, who recorded on Hilder's Impact record label. Years later Norman Knowles of The Revels recalled some of the tracks they recorded for the film. They included "It's Party Time" and possibly "Revellion". According to Knowles, the song "Commanche," which was written for the movie, was cut. Release The Exiles premiered at the 1961 Venice Film Festival. As it was only licensed (16mm version) to schools and churches, it did not find a distributor to release it theatrically in that year, and so over the years it fell into obscurity, known to cinephiles but remaining largely unseen by the public. A restored version produced by the UCLA Film and Television Archive premiered at the Berlin Film Festival in February 2008, and Milestone Films released it commercially and on DVD in summer 2008. Legacy In 2009, it was named to the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significant and will be preserved for all time. Years later, Variety film critic Dennis Harvey's review of the 2015 film Mekko, about a Native American, mentioned The Exiles and On the Bowery (1956); he referred to the two older films as being classics also set on skid row. Production crew Written, produced, and directed by Kent MacKenzie Cinematography by Erik
The Exiles (1961 film)
1845752
Ammunition Hill (, Giv'at HaTahmoshet; ) was a fortified Jordanian military post in the northern part of Jordanian-ruled East Jerusalem and the western slope of Mount Scopus. It was the site of one of the fiercest battles of the Six-Day War. Ammunition Hill is now a national memorial site. Historical background Ammunition Hill was located west of a police academy, with a fortified trench connecting them. The site was built by the British during their Mandatory Palestine in the 1930s, and was used to store the police academy's ammunition. The Jordanian Arab Legion seized control of the hill during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, severing the link between Mount Scopus and West Jerusalem. In the wake of the 1949 Armistice Agreements, parts of Mount Scopus remained an Israeli enclave in Jordanian-held territory, with the Jordanians blocking access to Hadassah Medical Center and the campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem on the hilltop. The post consisted of tens of bunkers built along the three main trench systems surrounding the hill, with fortified gun emplacements covering each trench. The living quarters for the Jordanian defenders of the hill were in a large underground bunker. At the time of the Six-Day War, the post was defended by a reinforced Jordanian company of 150 soldiers of the El-Hussein regiment (number 2). The battle A decision was taken by the Israeli Jerusalem Command, under General Uzi Narkis, to forgo an aerial attack on the hill due to its proximity to civilian areas. Instead an artillery barrage was to be focused on the police post, followed by a ground attack using an enlarged paratroop company. The size of the Israeli assault force was based on incorrect intelligence, which detailed the hill as being defended by a single platoon. When the ground assault began, the police academy was discovered to be empty of Jordanian troops, as they had taken shelter from the barrage in the bunker system of the hill, thereby enlarging the force defending the hill to one equal in size to the assault force rather than 1/3 of its size, as had been anticipated by Israeli Central Command. The fighting at the police academy and Ammunition Hill began on June 6, 1967, at 2:30 AM. The task of capturing the hill was given to the Israeli 3rd Company of the 66th Battalion, of the 55th Paratroopers Brigade, and during the battle, a force of the 2nd Company joined the fighting. The battle ended at 6:30 AM, although Israeli troops remained in the trenches due to sniper fire from Givat HaMivtar until the Harel Brigade overran that outpost in the afternoon. 36 Israeli soldiers and 71 Jordanians were killed in the fighting. Ten of the soldiers who fought in this battle were given citations by the Israeli Chief of General Staff. The commander of the Paratroopers Brigade was Mordechai Gur. The commander of the 66th Battalion was . Memorial site In 1975, a memorial site and museum were inaugurated on the hill, preserving a part of
Battle of Ammunition Hill
390334
Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Bunker Hill, in remembrance of the Battle of Bunker Hill during the American Revolutionary War: , was an Essex-class aircraft carrier that fought heavily in the Pacific during World War II and was destroyed by Kamikaze attacks , was a guided missile cruiser commissioned in 1986 and decommissioned in 2023 Merchant vessels SS Bunker Hill, was acquired by the United States Navy in 1917 and commissioned as . SS Bunker Hill, a civilian-operated T2 tanker steamer, sank on 6 March 1964 after an explosion. She broke in two near Anacortes, Washington. References United States Navy ship names
USS Bunker Hill