what was the purpose of the zeppelin in ww1
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Staaken () is a locality at the western rim of Berlin within the borough of Spandau. History First mentioned in a 1273 deed as Stakene (from Middle Low German: staken, "stakes") in the Mittelmark region of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the linear settlement probably arose around 1200 in the course of the German eastward migration. The estates were then held by the Benedictine nunnery of Spandau; after the Protestant Reformation they fell to the Spandau municipal administration. The former village became part of Berlin by the Greater Berlin Act of 1920. The development of the area started with the construction of the Staaken garden city by architect Paul Schmitthenner in 1914. At the beginning of World War I the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin company acquired large estates in Staaken, where from 1915 on it manufactured zeppelin airships and the series of one-off Riesenflugzeug "giant" multi-engined bombers, among the largest of their day anywhere, culminating in the small series of R.VI biplane strategic bombers built by the firm. In 1919 the regulations of the Treaty of Versailles finished the production and the area was transformed into an airfield. There had been regular Zeppelin flights to Friedrichshafen and even to London from 1919 on, though in the following years most of the aviation moved to Tempelhof Airport. The former zeppelin manufacturing halls were turned into the Staaken Studios and used as the location for various film productions, e.g. parts of Fritz Lang's Metropolis. In 1929 the estate was sold to the City of Berlin, while parts of the airport were still used by the Deutsche Luft Hansa for flight training and maintenance purposes. In Albrechtshof the Demag (Deutsche Maschinenfabrik AG) built Panther tanks during World War II using forced labour of over 2,500 prisoners held in the nearby Falkenhagen labour camp, a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Cold War After World War II Staaken was divided by a territorial exchange contract between the Allies United Kingdom and Soviet Union of 30 August 1945. The borders of the British occupational sector of Berlin were reshaped so that, that by incorporating the so-called Seeburger Zipfel it would include the entire former Luftwaffe airfield at Berlin-Gatow in the southwestern corner of this sector. In return the so-called Dorf Staaken (Staaken Village) and Albrechtshof, nowadays called West Staaken (at the most western end of the British Sector) was de jure assigned to the Soviets. The geographically eastern Staaken remained with the political West. However, the de facto administration remained with the Borough of Spandau in the British sector. So all inhabitants of Staaken could vote for West-Berlin's city state elections in 1948 and 1950. On 1 February 1951 East German Volkspolizei took over control of West Staaken, including the airfield and adjacent Neu-Jerusalem located there, and ended the administration by the Spandau Borough; instead West Staaken became an exclave of East Berlin's then Borough of Mitte. This gave rise to the confusing fact, that the geographically western Staaken was part of the politically Eastern East Berlin at
Staaken
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Led Zeppelin's Summer 1970 North American Tour was the sixth concert tour of North America by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 10 August and concluded on 19 September 1970. Overview This concert tour was a massive success for Led Zeppelin, as they played to wildly enthusiastic audiences. It was their highest-grossing tour to date (for the two New York City concerts alone, the band grossed $100,000). With The Rolling Stones off the road at the time, only The Who could now compete with Led Zeppelin for the title of the world's top concert attraction. The band were widely hailed as bigger than The Beatles, dethroning them in the polls for the first time in rock history. This concert tour was originally scheduled to commence on 5 August at Cincinnati. However, the first week was rescheduled due to the ill health of the father of bass player John Paul Jones. The itinerary was amended several times, leading to much confusion, with the band erroneously being billed to appear at the Strawberry Fields Festival on the weekend of August 8–9. The tour eventually commenced on August 10 at Hampton. During this tour the band mixed their third album at Ardent Studios, Memphis, in August 1970. The album was released in October 1970, shortly following the conclusion of this tour. Tour set list The fairly typical set list for the tour was: "Immigrant Song" (Page, Plant) "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Page, Plant) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "Bring It On Home" (Page, Plant, Dixon) "That's the Way" (Page, Plant) "Bron-Yr-Aur" (Page) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Organ Solo"/"Thank You" (Page, Plant) "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Page, Plant) "Moby Dick" (Page, Jones, Bonham) "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, Plant) Encore: "Communication Breakdown" (Bonham, Jones, Page) "Out on the Tiles" (Page, Plant, Bonham) (On 4 September, 6 September (late), and 19 September) "How Many More Times" (Page, Jones, Bonham) (On 19 September) "Train Kept A-Rollin' (Bradshaw, Kay, Mann) (On 2 September) "Blueberry Hill" (Lewis, Stock) (On 2 September and 4 September) "Babe I'm Gonna Leave You" (Bredon, Page, Plant) (On 6 September (late)) There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. Tour dates The original itinerary before John Paul Jones' father's illness was: While the final tour dates were: References External links Comprehensive archive of known concert appearances by Led Zeppelin (official website) Led Zeppelin concert setlists Sources Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. . Led Zeppelin concert tours 1970 concert tours 1970 in North America
Led Zeppelin North American Tour Summer 1970
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"Immigrant Song" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. It is built upon a repeating riff and features lyrical references to Norse mythology, with singer Robert Plant's howling vocals mentioning war-making and Valhalla. The song was included on their 1970 album, Led Zeppelin III and released as a single. Several live recordings have also been issued on various Led Zeppelin albums. Other artists have recorded renditions of the song or performed it live. Though Led Zeppelin are typically regarded as an album-oriented group, "Immigrant Song" is one of the band's several hit singles. The song's popularity has led to its inclusion in such compilation albums as Led Zeppelin Remasters (1990) and Early Days: The Best of Led Zeppelin, Vol. 1 (1999). Background "Immigrant Song" was written during Led Zeppelin's tour of Iceland, Bath and Germany in the summer of 1970. The opening date of this tour took place in Reykjavík, Iceland, which inspired Plant to write the lyrics. He explained in an interview: Six days after Led Zeppelin's appearance in Reykjavik, the band performed the song for the first time in concert during the Bath Festival. Composition and lyrics The song begins with a distinctive, wailing cry from Plant and is built on a repeating, staccato riff by guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. It is performed in the key of F♯ minor at a moderate tempo of 112 beats per minute. There is a very faint count-off at the beginning of the track with much hiss which appears on the album version, but is trimmed from the single version. The hiss is feedback from an echo unit. A phrase from the song was used as the title of Stephen Davis' biography of the band, Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga. The lyrics also did much to inspire the classic heavy metal myth, of Viking-esque figures on an adventure, themes which have been adopted in the look and lyrics of bands such as Iron Maiden, Saxon, Manowar and Amon Amarth. Personnel According to Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin: Robert Plant – vocals Jimmy Page – guitar John Paul Jones – bass John Bonham – drums Releases "Immigrant Song" is one of Led Zeppelin's few releases on the 45 rpm single format. It was issued in the United States on 5 November 1970 by Atlantic Records, with the non-album track "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do" on the B-side, and reached number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100. First pressings of the US single have a quote from Aleister Crowley inscribed in dead wax by the run-out groove: "Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law." The Japanese single included "Out on the Tiles" as the B-side. Reception In a contemporary review of Led Zeppelin III, Lester Bangs of Rolling Stone described "Immigrant Song" as the closest to being as classic as "Whole Lotta Love", praising the song's "bulldozer rhythms and Plant's double-tracked wordless vocal crossings echoing behind
Immigrant Song
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Led Zeppelin's Spring 1970 North American Tour was the fifth concert tour of North America by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 21 March and concluded on 18 April 1970. It took place a little over a week after the conclusion of their recent European concert tour. Overview In many respects this tour was a tremendous success for the band, as they grossed a total of over $1,200,000, and broke attendance records at their Canadian concerts in Montreal, Quebec and Vancouver, British Columbia. The band were also made honorary citizens of the city of Memphis. However, this stint of concerts also featured many unsavoury crowd control problems, with the shows often descending into violent confrontations between young concert-goers and the police. The tour occurred at a time when civil tension was very high in the United States, with numerous demonstrations taking place against the Vietnam War. On occasion Led Zeppelin were refused service in restaurants and in Texas they had a gun pulled on them. Singer Robert Plant's observations of these disturbing events would prompt him to write some reflective lyrics for the song "That's the Way", which was composed just after the completion of this tour at Bron-Yr-Aur, and was later recorded for the band's forthcoming album Led Zeppelin III. This was also the fateful tour during which guitarist Jimmy Page's 1960 Gibson Les Paul "Black Beauty" was stolen in an airport in Canada. In 2016, the guitar was returned to Page. Initially, Stone the Crows were announced as the support act for the tour, but this arrangement was cancelled. During this tour and on all subsequent tours, the band dispensed with using any support bands for their concerts. The final date of this tour, at Las Vegas, was cancelled as a result of cumulative strain on Plant's voice. Tour set list The fairly typical set list for the tour was: "We're Gonna Groove" (King, Bethea) "I Can't Quit You Baby" (Dixon) (Dropped after 25 March) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Jones Page, Plant) "Bring It On Home" (Page, Plant, Dixon) (Added on 27 March) "White Summer"/"Black Mountain Side" (Page) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Organ Solo"/"Thank You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Page, Plant) "Moby Dick" (Page, Jones, Bonham) "How Many More Times" (Page, Plant, Jones, Bonham) Encores: "Whole Lotta Love" (Dixon, Page, Plant, Jones, Bonham) "Communication Breakdown" (Page, Jones, Bonham) (On 21 March and 27 March) There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. Tour dates References External links Comprehensive archive of known concert appearances by Led Zeppelin (official website) Led Zeppelin concert setlists Sources Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. . Led Zeppelin concert tours 1970 concert tours 1970 in North America
Led Zeppelin North American Tour Spring 1970
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The Zeppelin Bridge (German: Zeppelinbrücke) is a road and tram bridge over the Elster basin in Leipzig. It connects the districts of Mitte (neighborhood Zentrum-West) and Altwest (neighborhood Altlindenau). It is under monument protection. Location and importance for traffic The Zeppelin Bridge carries the Jahnallee (Bundesstraße 87) with two lanes in each direction, a double-track tram line and a combined pedestrian and cycle path on both sides over the Elster basin. Since 2020, one lane has been used for cycling in each direction (initially as a pop-up bicycle lane, later marked off), so that one lane for motorized private transport, one cycle lane and one sidewalk are available in each direction. Leipzig is divided into an eastern and western area by the Leipzig Riverside Forest and the Elsteraue, between which there are only a few transport connections. The Zeppelin Bridge in the course of Jahnallee represents an important east–west connection within the road network of the city of Leipzig, as four important tram lines of the Leipzig Transport Company (LVB) run over the double-track route. The Zeppelin Bridge thus forms one of two existing east–west routes in the Leipzig tram network. History A mighty dam was built in front of Lindenau more than a thousand years ago, which led the old trade route Via Regia over the marshy Elster-Luppe-Aue to Leipzig. Around 1740, the Saxon court painter Johann Alexander Thiele (1685–1752) made a painting under the title Look from Lindenau to Leipzig. In the course of flood regulation, the Elster basin was created at the beginning of the 20th century. The Zeppelin Bridge over the Elster flood basin, which was only excavated in the bridge area, was completed in December 1914 so that it could be used by the tram, together with the eastern section of the new Frankfurter Straße (today: Jahnallee). The road was initially connected to the old road at what was then Ziegeleiweg, which ran a little further south and was now interrupted for the further construction of the flood basin. "The generously dimensioned median of the new road section with a special track bed was rightly considered a progressive and promising solution for local public transport at the time." The bridge was named after Ferdinand von Zeppelin (1838–1917) and the zeppelins he developed. On postcards of that time, the bridge is depicted with a zeppelin. The bridge design was architecturally sophisticated and came from Hugo Licht (1841–1923). The construction was realized by the Cementbaugeschäft Rudolf Wolle, a Leipzig construction company and pioneer of reinforced concrete construction. After a break in construction due to the war, the bridge was finally completed in 1918 (the Elster basin not until 1925). The bridge was initially flanked at both ends by two bridge houses. With the construction of the neighboring Richard-Wagner-Hain in 1936, the bridge was modified. At that time, the bridge houses on the west side were demolished and an arch over the river side path (the so-called Uferwegbrücke) including the adjacent staircases and transformer rooms were added on
Zeppelin Bridge
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Led Zeppelin's 1973 European Tour was a concert tour of Europe by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 2 March and concluded on 2 April 1973. This tour began four weeks after Led Zeppelin's previous tour of the United Kingdom. It is notable for the crowd violence which occurred at some shows, with concerts at Marseille and Lille being canceled as a result of riots by fans which had taken place at the band's earlier performances in France. Some critics consider Led Zeppelin to have been at their technical peak during this tour, which took place shortly before the release of their fifth album. Several tracks from this album were performed on the tour, namely "Over the Hills and Far Away", "Dancing Days", "The Song Remains the Same", "The Rain Song" and "The Ocean". Tour set list The fairly typical set list for the tour was: "Rock and Roll" (Page, Plant, Jones, Bonham) "Over the Hills and Far Away" (Page, Plant) "Out on the Tiles" (intro) (Page, Plant, Bonham) / "Black Dog" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Misty Mountain Hop" (Jones, Page, Plant) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Dancing Days" (Page, Plant) "Bron-Yr-Aur Stomp" (Page, Plant, Jones) "The Song Remains the Same" (Page, Plant) "The Rain Song" (Page, Plant) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "Stairway to Heaven" (Page, Plant) "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, Plant) Encores (variations of the following list): "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Page, Plant) "The Ocean" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant) (Played on 6 and 21 March) "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Page, Plant) (on 11 March only) There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. Tour dates External links Comprehensive archive of known concert appearances by Led Zeppelin (official website) Led Zeppelin concert setlists References Led Zeppelin concert tours 1973 concert tours 1973 in Europe
Led Zeppelin European Tour 1973
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Hot and Spicy Beanburger, released in 1993, is the fourth studio album by Dread Zeppelin. This album saw the return of Tortelvis, the lead singer who had left the band and did not appear on the previous album, It's Not Unusual. Overview On Hot and Spicy Beanburger, Dread Zeppelin returned to a focus on Led Zeppelin songs covered in a reggae style, sung by an Elvis impersonator. The album includes Led Zeppelin songs such as Good Times Bad Times, Going to California, and Hot Dog, as well as two non-Led Zeppelin songs: Unchained Melody and Good Rocking Tonight. The latter song was also covered by Robert Plant on his album The Honeydrippers: Volume One, under the title "Rockin' at Midnight". The album also includes original songs by Dread Zeppelin, such as "The Ballad of Charlie Haj", about band member Charlie Haj, who hands Tortelvis his water and towels on stage. Another original composition is "Hot and Spicy Beanburger". The latter song ends with the cryptic "here under protest is beef burger" which is a reference to the Frozen Peas commercial recordings of Orson Welles. The leaflet list songs and credits using various glyphs instead of normal letters, such as "βallad of ¢hĀrlie Häј". The typography generally ignores conventions such as the use of upper case. The inlay feature the band members in costume on a background of a hamburger bun; the band members are placed on lettuce and tomatoes as if condiments. A quote states: "Hot & spicy beanburger is a tasty tid-bit o’love… A plentiful portion O’peace… A royal repast set before the king." This 'quote' is credited to Unknown Eastern Mystic (1956). Track listing "Good Times Bad Times" (Bonham, Page, Jones) - 3:25 "Going to California" (Page, Plant) - 3:47 "Good Rocking Tonight" (Roy Brown) - 3:29 "Kashmir" (Bonham, Page, Plant) - 9:57 "Ballad of Charlie Haj" (Ramsey, Putman, Haasis) - 3:38 "Unchained Melody" (North, Zaret) - 3:15 "Stairway to Heaven" (Page, Plant) - 7:00 "Hot and Spicy Beanburger" (Ramsey, Putman, Haasis, Tortell) - 1:08 "Hotdog" (Page, Plant) - 2:57 "All of My Love" (Plant, Jones) - 6:05 "Wot Happened? [The sloppy shuffle]" (Ramsey, Putman, Haasis) - 4:17 Dread Zeppelin changes the songs' syntax or names from the original Led Zeppelin version on purpose. Here, the titles are listed as on the album. Band members Tortelvis - Lead singer Ed Zeppelin - congas, vocals Jah Paul Jo - guitar Butt Mon - bass Carl Jah - Guitar Spice - drums References Dread Zeppelin albums Birdcage Records albums 1993 albums
Hot & Spicy Beanburger
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From September 1968 until the summer of 1980, English rock band Led Zeppelin were one of the world's most popular live music acts, performing hundreds of sold-out concerts around the world. History Throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, Led Zeppelin made numerous concert tours of the United States, the United Kingdom and Europe in particular. They performed over 600 concerts, initially playing small clubs and ballrooms and then, as their popularity increased, larger venues and arenas as well. In the early years of their existence, Led Zeppelin made a concerted effort to establish themselves as a compelling live music act. As was recalled by bass player John Paul Jones: However, though the band made several early tours of the UK, the majority of Led Zeppelin's live concerts were performed in the United States, which was settled on as the primary foundation for their fame and accomplishment. In 1969, for example, all but 33 of the band's 139 shows were performed in the U.S., and between the years 1968 and 1971 they made no fewer than nine tours of North America. "It felt like a vacuum and we'd arrived to fill it", guitarist Jimmy Page once told journalist Cameron Crowe. "It was like a tornado, and it went rolling across the country." After touring almost incessantly during its early years, Led Zeppelin later limited its tour appearances to alternating years: 1973, 1975, 1977 and 1979. From the early 1970s, the commercial and popular drawing power of Led Zeppelin was such that the band began to embark on major stadium tours which attracted vast crowds, more than they had previously performed to. During their 1973 tour of the United States, they played to 56,800 fans at Tampa Stadium, Florida, breaking the record set by The Beatles at Shea Stadium in 1965. Similar crowds were drawn on Led Zeppelin's subsequent U.S. tours, and they continued to break attendance records (on April 30, 1977 they played to 76,229 fans at the Pontiac Silverdome, Michigan, a world record attendance for a solo indoor attraction). It is for these reasons that Led Zeppelin, as much as any other band or artist in this era, is credited for helping to establish what has come to be known as stadium rock. Many critics attribute the band's rapid rise as much to their tremendous appeal as a live act as they do to the quality of their studio albums. Led Zeppelin also performed at several music festivals over the years, including the Atlanta International and the Texas International Pop Festivals in 1969, the Bath Festival of Blues in 1969 and the next one in 1970, the "Days on the Green" in Oakland, California in 1977, and the Knebworth Music Festival in 1979. Characteristics Led Zeppelin's reputation as a compelling live act is often attributed to the tight understanding and musical chemistry achieved between all four group members, combined with a shared willingness to try new things on-stage, which resulted in dynamic, unpredictable performances. As is noted by Led Zeppelin
List of Led Zeppelin concert tours
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Mothership is a compilation album by English rock band Led Zeppelin, released by Atlantic Records and Rhino Entertainment on 12 November 2007 in the United Kingdom, and 13 November 2007 in the United States. It was released on the same day that Led Zeppelin's entire catalogue became available in digital stores, including the iTunes Store. The cover was designed by artist Shepard Fairey. The songs included were chosen by the surviving members of Led Zeppelin, Robert Plant, Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones, and represent the band's eight studio albums. In addition to a two-disc set, the album is also available in both "deluxe" and "collector's" editions with a DVD featuring varied live content from the previously released Led Zeppelin DVD (2003). A 4-LP vinyl package was also released on 26 August 2008. On 6 November 2015, the album was reissued using the audio from the band's 2014–15 remaster campaign. On 8 November 2007, a temporary XM Satellite Radio station, XM LED was made to promote the album. Commercial performance The album debuted at #4 in the UK Albums Chart, with 58,000 units sold, and debuted at #1 on the Official New Zealand Albums Chart and stayed there for several weeks. The album also debuted at #7 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling about 136,000 copies in its first week. The album has sold over 2.1 million copies in the U.S and over 4.5 million copies worldwide, leading to it being certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA. Track listing CD The two-CD edition shares most tracks with the original two-CD compilation Led Zeppelin Remasters, but with "When the Levee Breaks" and "Over the Hills and Far Away" instead of "Celebration Day" and "The Battle of Evermore." It also shares most tracks with The Best of Led Zeppelin (with "Ramble On", "Heartbreaker", "Over the Hills and Far Away", and "D'yer Mak'er" instead of "What Is and What Should Never Be", "The Battle of Evermore", and "Ten Years Gone"). LP Personnel Led Zeppelin John Bonham – drums, percussion John Paul Jones – bass guitar, keyboards, mandolin, recorders Jimmy Page – acoustic and electric guitars, production Robert Plant – vocals, harmonica Additional personnel Dick Barnatt – photography John C. F. Davis – remastering Ian Dickson – photography Carl Dunn – photography Shepard Fairey – art direction, design David Fricke – Liner notes Peter Grant – executive production Bob Gruen – photography Ross Halfin – photo research Neal Preston – photography Christian Rose – inlay photography Peter Simon – photography Ian Stewart – piano on "Rock and Roll" Laurens Van Houten – photography Chris Walter – photography Baron Wolman – photography Neil Zlozower – photography Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Accolades References External links Mothership promo The Mother Ship Is Coming Billboard.com announcement 2007 greatest hits albums Albums produced by Jimmy Page Led Zeppelin compilation albums Atlantic Records compilation albums Rhino Entertainment compilation albums Folk rock compilation albums Led Zeppelin video albums Atlantic Records video albums Rhino Entertainment video albums Folk rock
Mothership (Led Zeppelin album)
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Led Zeppelin DVD is a double DVD set by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in the United Kingdom on 26 May 2003, and the United States on 27 May 2003. It contains live concert footage of the band spanning the years 1969 to 1979. The DVD includes the performance filmed by Stanley Dorfman and Peter Whitehead at the Royal Albert Hall on 9 January 1970, and performances at Madison Square Garden in 1973, Earls Court in 1975, and Knebworth in 1979, plus other footage. Bootleg footage from some of the concerts is interspersed with the professionally shot material. The DVD cover features West and East Mitten Buttes, photographed from the visitor centre at the Navajo Tribal Park located at Monument Valley, Arizona. Background and production Led Zeppelin guitarist and producer of the DVD, Jimmy Page, commenced work on the project in the early 2000s. While fans had been trading poor quality versions of Led Zeppelin video material for years, this was the first official archival video release to contain any footage of the band playing live. In an interview he gave after the release of the DVD, Page explained the impetus behind the project: The reason for [the DVD] was that there was no visual material [of the band] that was out there really. The studio albums had been put out in many different shapes and forms, but this was something that was sorely missing because [Led] Zeppelin built its material on live performances. So that had to be done. The idea for a live chronology had, however, dated back some time before this, according to singer Robert Plant in 2003: The idea of creating a Led Zeppelin collage has been in the works for ... fifteen years. We just didn't really have the time to put it together as a project because there was so much concentrated work that was required. So, as we all finished our individual projects, Jimmy Page took the helm along with some technical guys and this is what we've got. In 1970, Led Zeppelin commissioned the British director and Producer of BBC's music television series In Concert, Stanley Dorfman, to film the band's Led Zeppelin Live at the Royal Albert Hall performance on January 9. Dorfman and the two cameramen he hired, Peter Whitehead and an assistant, used handheld Bolex cameras to capture the concert in 16mm film. In late January, the Record Mirror reported that the "Led Zeppelin TV spectacular" had been sold to American TV and a special album would be issued to coincide with the screening of the show in the States. Much later, the band's manager at the time, Peter Grant, claimed that a 40-minute cut was prepared but was not officially released at the time because the footage was filmed at the wrong speed. However, at an expert panel held at The Royal Albert Hall on 27 May 2017 featuring the Hall's historian Richard Dacre and Professor Steve Chibnall, of De Montfort University's Cinema and Television History
Led Zeppelin DVD
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Led Zeppelin's Summer 1970 tour of Iceland, Bath and Germany was a concert tour by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 22 June and concluded on 19 July 1970. Overview Led Zeppelin's sole performance in England during this tour was one of the most important of the band's career. They accepted an offer from promoter Freddy Bannister to headline the Bath Festival, in Shepton Mallet, at a fee of £20,000. This was the second time Led Zeppelin performed at this festival, having also appeared at the Bath Festival of Blues during their U.K. tour in summer 1969. The band's performance at Bath in 1970 in front of an audience of 150,000 people is widely considered by music critics, and members of Led Zeppelin itself, as representing a turning point in terms of the amount of recognition they received in Britain. Until that point their on-stage success and popularity had largely been borne out on numerous United States concert tours. This concert helped foster an improved relationship with the U.K. press, which gave them consistently good reviews for their performance at the festival. Tantalisingly, however, the only known audio documents of the festival exist in very poor quality as Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings. This tour is also notable for the band's visit to Iceland for their opening show at Laugardalshöll. It was this visit which inspired singer Robert Plant to write the lyrics to "Immigrant Song", which was subsequently featured on their forthcoming album Led Zeppelin III. This song premiered at the Bath Festival, just six days after their show in Iceland. A short segment of footage of Jimmy Page playing bowed guitar during "Dazed and Confused" during Led Zeppelin's performance at Laugardalshöll was included on the menu clips of the Led Zeppelin DVD (2003). Tour set list The fairly typical set list for the tour was: "Immigrant Song" (Page, Plant) (beginning with the Bath Festival) "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Page, Plant) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "Bring It On Home" (Page, Plant, Dixon) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Organ Solo"/"Thank You" (Page, Plant) "That's the Way" (Page, Plant) "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Page, Plant) "Moby Dick" (Page, Jones, Bonham) "How Many More Times" (Plant, Jones, Bonham, Plant) (Dropped after Bath Festival) Encore: "Whole Lotta Love" (Dixon, Page, Plant, Jones, Bonham) "Communication Breakdown" (Page, Jones, Bonham) "Long Tall Sally" (Johnson, Blackwell, Penniman) (On 28 June only) There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. Tour dates References Sources Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. . Grugahalle account is first hand observation by author - I was there. External links Comprehensive archive of known concert appearances by Led Zeppelin (official website) Led Zeppelin concert setlists Led Zeppelin Bath Festival Programme 1970 Led Zeppelin concert tours 1970 concert tours 1970 in Iceland 1970 in British music 1970 in Germany
Led Zeppelin Tour of Iceland, Bath and Germany, Summer 1970
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Fowlmere is one of the southernmost villages in Cambridgeshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 Census was 1,206. It is very close to the Imperial War Museum Duxford, and southwest of the city of Cambridge. History The village has an ancient landmark called the ‘Round Moat’, which is the remains of an early Saxon settlement dating from around the ninth century. The Census Records from 1841 to 1891 can be found in the Cambridge Record Office. In addition, the 1851 Census for Fowlmere is available in full transcript form, on microfiche, from the Cambridgeshire Family History Society Bookstall. The village was struck by an F1/T2 tornado on 23 November 1981, as part of the record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak on that day. Village life Fowlmere has one pub, The Chequers, which has operated since the 16th Century. It served as a coaching inn for travellers going into and from Cambridge and was even used as coffin storage for those travelling with bodies. It was notably mentioned in the diary of Samuel Pepys, which is regarded as an important historical English diary. Nowadays, the pub serves as a local bar and restaurant that takes in patrons from many nearby villages. Fowlmere has no general convenience shop, but does have a small business park that houses several business. near the Village Hall. They are regularly used by locals for recreation and are maintained by the local council. School Fowlmere has one school, Fowlmere Primary School, which educates around 100 students a year. It is an extension of an old school building that has been used since its founding in 1861. It teaches pupils aged 4–11 (years reception to 6) and attracts pupils from Fowlmere, Thriplow and nearby Great Chishill, which does not have a Primary school of its own. The site lies opposite 'The Butts' which is a field and neighbourhood at the edge of the village. The school forms a large part of the community, as most of the children in the small village grow up around it. Airfield Fowlmere Airfield opened in late-1916 as an emergency landing ground for 75 (Home Defence) Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps, who had their HQ in Bedford and dispersed their three flights to Yelling (St Neots), Old Weston (Thrapston) and Therfield (Baldock) on anti-Zeppelin duties. Its purpose was to receive aircraft lost, out of fuel or with engine troubles and was staffed with a minimum number of personnel whose prime task was to light flares to aid pilots in finding the site. It closed down after WW1. As RAF Fowlmere, near the edge of the village, it was the location for the RAF Station and transferred to the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) for use by their 339th Fighter Group during World War II. The Group flew its first combat mission on 30 April 1944, and its last on 21 April 1945. The airfield now provides pilots with self-fly Piper aircraft and servicing, as well as PPL training. ICAO:
Fowlmere
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This is a list of all monitors of the United States Navy. While the most famous name is represented in this list, many monitors held multiple names during their service life. View the complete list of names. Historical overview The whole category of monitors took its name from the first of these, , designed in 1861 by John Ericsson. They were low-freeboard, steam-powered ironclad vessels, with one or two rotating armored turrets, rather than the traditional broadside of guns. The low freeboard meant that these ships were unsuitable for ocean-going duties and were always at risk of swamping and possible loss, but it reduced the amount of armor required for protection. They were succeeded by more seaworthy armored cruisers and battleships. River monitors Ozark class Neosho class , sunk by mine, 29 March 1865, 2 killed Marietta class Harbor monitors Roanoke class Casco class Coastal monitors Monitor class , foundered 31 December 1862, 16 killed Passaic class , sunk by mine on 15 January 1865, 75 killed , sunk at anchor, 6 December 1863, 31 killed Canonicus class , sunk by mine, 5 August 1864, 94 killed , later BAP Atahualpa , later BAP Manco Cápac Milwaukee class , sunk by mine, 28 March 1865, no fatalities Seagoing monitors Miantonomoh class Kalamazoo class "New Navy" monitors The first five of these were ostensibly rebuilds of Civil War era monitors (in much the same way that the 1854 sloop-of-war Constellation was ostensibly a refit of the 1797 sail frigate Constellation). In fact, they were entirely new ships, much larger and more capable than the previous ones. Dates listed are the first commissioning dates. Puritan class (BM-1) Puritan (1896) Spanish–American War Amphitrite class (BM-2) Amphitrite (1895) Spanish–American War, WW1 (BM-3) Monadnock (1896) Spanish–American War, Boxer Rebellion, WW1 (BM-4) Terror (1896) Spanish–American War (BM-5) Miantonomoh (1882) Spanish–American War Monterey class (BM-6) Monterey (1893) Spanish–American War Arkansas class (M-7/BM-7) Arkansas (1902) later Ozark, WW1 (M-8/BM-8) Nevada (1903) ex-Connecticut, later Tonopah, WW1 (M-9/BM-9) Florida (1903) later Tallahassee, WW1, later IX-16 (M-10/BM-10) Wyoming (1902) Panama independence, later Cheyenne, WW1, later IX-4 USN "Brown Water Navy" (Vietnam War) Monitors The US Navy created their first Mobile Riverine Force (MRF) for the first time since the American Civil War, during the Vietnam War. World War II all steel -long Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM-6s) were used as the basic hull to convert into 24 Monitors from 1966-1970. This was a separate US Navy Mobile Riverine Force from the Swift Boats (PCFs) and PBRs already operating in country. The twenty-four river Monitors were divided into two groups: Program 4 & 5. Ten Program 4 Monitors arrived first in Vietnam, and were armed with one 40mm cannon mounted inside a revolving Mk 52 turret; while the 8 later arriving Program 5 versions (designated Monitor "H") mounted one M49 105mm Howitzer inside a revolving T172 turret. Due to a shortage of M49 howitzers, the USN converted the remaining six Program 5 Monitors (designated Monitor "F") to Flamethrower Monitors, and equipped them with
List of monitors of the United States Navy
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Dread Zeppelin is an American reggae rock band. Formed in 1989 in Sierra Madre, California, the band combines hard rock and reggae styles with humor. They are best known for performing the songs of Led Zeppelin in a reggae style as sung by a Las Vegas Elvis impersonator. Over the years they have also performed songs originally by Elvis Presley, Bob Marley and The Yardbirds. The group toured extensively around the world during their tenure with I.R.S. Records. Career 1986–1989: The Prime Movers The nucleus of Dread Zeppelin, bassist Put-Mon (Gary Putman), drummer Cheese (Curt Lichter) and guitarist Jah Paul Jo (Joseph "Severs" Ramsey), were from a Pasadena, California group called The Prime Movers. Signed to Island Records in 1986, The Prime Movers had some success in the UK with singles "On The Trail" and "Dark Western Night". The late Stuart Adamson of Big Country contributed his trademark E-Bow guitar to "Dark Western Night" and another Prime Mover song, "Strong As I Am", was featured in Michael Mann's motion picture thriller, Manhunter. When The Prime Movers ended in 1989, Jah Paul Jo hatched the idea for a new group that would call itself "Dread Zeppelin". Aside from the three original members, the band recruited guitarist Carl Jah (Carl Haasis) and 300-pound Vegas-era Elvis impersonator Tortelvis (Greg Tortell). The band supposedly met Tortelvis when he rammed his milk float into the back of the band's car. Longtime graphic artist for The Prime Movers, Bryant Fernandez, was brought in as conga-man Ed Zeppelin. The concept for Dread Zeppelin may be less bizarre than it seems. Notably, Led Zeppelin did make a recording which reflected a prominent reggae influence, the 1973 song "D'yer Mak'er". Also, the band frequently performed Elvis Presley songs in concert, often presented as a medley which occasionally flirted with self-parody. (Led Zeppelin met Elvis briefly in 1974 after attending one of his concerts in Los Angeles.) 1989: Birdcage Records The first Dread Zeppelin recording was meant to be a goof on Led Zeppelin's 45 single "Immigrant Song" and its sought-after non-LP B-Side "Hey Hey What Can I Do". Produced by Jah Paul Jo and Rasta Li-Mon (Lee Manning) and released on their indie Birdcage Records label, the single sold amazingly well and represses featured the seven inch 45 RPM in a rasta rainbow of colors: red (original), green, yellow, blue, white and clear vinyl. All early Dread Zeppelin recordings and most of the band's first album Un-Led-Ed were recorded at the home studio of Dave Stewart of Eurythmics, where Rasta Li-Mon was a house engineer. After the success of "Immigrant Song", a second single, "Whole Lotta Love/Tour-telvis: A Bad Trip", was released on Birdcage Records. A third, "Your Time is Gonna Come/Woodstock (live)", was released not as a single but as part of a singles compilation entitled Komm Gib Mir Deine Zeppelin (a play on the title of the German version of The Beatles' song "I Want to Hold Your Hand"). There was also a live cassette issued by
Dread Zeppelin
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Led Zeppelin's 1971 Japanese Tour was the first in Japan by the English rock band. Commenced on 23 September and concluding on 29 September 1971, it was one of the first tours of Japan by a western rock band. "It was the first time I'd been to such a sort of overpopulated place…" recalled guitarist Jimmy Page of Tokyo, where the tour began. "It was a city with such a new vision towards the future. The technology boom was really going on, even then… It seems odd now with Nikon everywhere, but at the time they were just really breaking the market, and you could get cameras over here really, really inexpensively, and hi-fi and little cine cameras… We came here and went away loaded with cameras and I started documenting the rest of my travels with Led Zeppelin for a bit." One of the concerts from the short tour, at Hiroshima on 27 September, was a benefit show. As an expression of thanks, the city of Hiroshima presented the band with a letter of appreciation and the city medal from the local mayor. During the tour, singer Robert Plant allegedly punched drummer John Bonham before one of the shows. This was not the only turbulent incident, as manager Peter Grant explained: The concerts were recorded at the insistence of the Japanese record company Warner Bros.-Pioneer Corporation, which represented the band's record label Atlantic Records in Japan. However, Page considered the audio quality to be so poor, he decided to wipe the tapes and reuse them. Set list A typical set list was: "Immigrant Song" (Page, Plant) "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Page, Plant) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Out on the Tiles" (intro) (Page, Plant, Bonham) / "Black Dog" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "Stairway to Heaven" (Page, Plant) "Celebration Day" (Jones, Page, Plant) "Bron-Y-Aur Stomp" (Page, Plant, Jones) (Played on 23 and 28 September) "That's the Way" (Page, Plant) "Going to California" (Page, Plant) "Tangerine" (Page) "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Page, Plant) "Moby Dick" (Page, Jones, Bonham) "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, Plant) Encores (variations of the following list): "Thank You" (Page, Plant) (Played on 24 and 29 September) "Communication Breakdown" (Bonham, Jones, Page) "Rock and Roll" (Page, Plant, Jones, Bonham) (Played on 29 September) There were some substitutions, variations, and order switches. On 24 September "Your Time Is Gonna Come" was played for the only time in a "Whole Lotta Love" medley that went something like this: "Whole Lotta Love"/"Boogie Chillen"/Cocaine Blues"/"Rave On!"/"Your Time Is Gonna Come"/"I'm A Man"/"The Hunter"/"Hello Mary Lou/"Oh, Pretty Woman"/"How Many More Times" The only known live performance by Zeppelin of "Friends" on this tour on 29 September 1971 in Osaka, as captured on a number of bootlegs. Tour dates References External links Comprehensive archive of known concert appearances by Led Zeppelin (official website) Led Zeppelin concert setlists Led Zeppelin Japanese Tour Programme 1971 Sources Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File,
Led Zeppelin Japanese Tour 1971
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Led Zeppelin's Spring 1971 United Kingdom & Ireland Tour (also known as the Back to the Clubs Tour) was a concert tour of the United Kingdom & Ireland by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 5 March and concluded on 1 April 1971. Overview For this tour, the band decided to mainly perform at the smaller clubs that they had originally played earlier in their career, rather than large arenas and auditoriums. This decision was made to reward those fans who had been loyal to them from the start of their career. The small, more intimate size of the venues, and the correspondingly smaller ticket sales and gate receipts, was offered as proof that Led Zeppelin wasn't preoccupied with making money and instead endeavoured to create a close connection with their audiences when performing on-stage. However, as the tour progressed, it became evident that this intention was compromised due to thousands of fans being shut out of shows because of the scarce availability of concert tickets. The Belfast concert on 5 March featured the first public performance of their now-legendary song "Stairway to Heaven", which was played at nearly every subsequent Led Zeppelin show. One scheduled concert from the tour, at Liverpool University, was cancelled and rescheduled to take place during the band's subsequent tour of Europe. During this period the band members began to experiment with their stage attire, introducing strange caftans and garments and growing longer hair and beards, which gave them a very fashionable appearance. Tour set list A fairly typical set list for the tour was: "Immigrant Song" (Page, Plant) "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Out on the Tiles" (intro) (Page, Plant, Bonham) / "Black Dog" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "Stairway to Heaven" (Page, Plant) "Going to California" (Page, Plant) "That's the Way" (Page, Plant) (on 1 April only) "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Page, Plant) "Moby Dick" (Page, Jones, Bonham) "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, Plant) Encores (variations of the following list): "Organ Solo"/"Thank You" (Page, Plant) (on 21 March and 1 April only) "Communication Breakdown" (Bonham, Jones, Page) "Rock and Roll" (Page, Plant, Jones, Bonham) (On 5 March and 6 March) "Bring It On Home" (Page, Plant, Dixon) (on 5 March only) There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. Tour dates References External links Comprehensive archive of known concert appearances by Led Zeppelin (official website) Led Zeppelin concert setlists Sources Keith Shadwick, Led Zeppelin : the story of a band and their music, 1968-80. . Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. . Led Zeppelin concert tours 1971 concert tours 1971 in the United Kingdom March 1971 events in the United Kingdom April 1971 events in the United Kingdom Concert tours of the United Kingdom
Led Zeppelin United Kingdom Tour Spring 1971
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"What Is and What Should Never Be" is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin. It was written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant and was included as the second track on Led Zeppelin II (1969). Composition and recording Guitarist Jimmy Page has said that he wrote the song on an acoustic Harmony Sovereign H1260 guitar. "What is and What Should Never Be" was one of the first songs on which Page used his soon-to-become trademark Gibson Les Paul for recording. The production makes liberal use of stereo as the guitars pan back and forth between channels. Robert Plant's vocals were phased during the verses. Record producer Rick Rubin has remarked, "The descending riff [of "What Is and What Should Never Be"] is amazing: It's like a bow is being drawn back, and then it releases. The rhythm of the vocals is almost like a rap. It's insane — one of their most psychedelic songs." This was also one of the first songs recorded by the band for which Robert Plant received writing credit. According to rock journalist Stephen Davis, the author of the Led Zeppelin biography Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga, the lyrics for this song reflect a romance Plant had with his wife's younger sister. Personnel According to Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin: Robert Plant – vocals Jimmy Page – guitars, backing vocals (?) John Paul Jones – bass, backing vocals (?) John Bonham – drums, gong Live performances "What Is and What Should Never Be" was performed live at Led Zeppelin concerts between 1969 and 1973. A live version taken from a performance at the Royal Albert Hall in 1970 can be seen on the Led Zeppelin DVD. Another was included on disc two of the live triple album How The West Was Won. Two more versions were included in BBC Sessions. Cover versions References Bibliography External links "What Is and What Should Never Be" at ledzeppelin.com Led Zeppelin songs 1969 songs Songs written by Jimmy Page Songs written by Robert Plant Song recordings produced by Jimmy Page
What Is and What Should Never Be
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The Graf Zeppelin (; Registration: D-LZ 130) was the last of the German rigid airships built by Zeppelin Luftschiffbau during the period between the World Wars, the second and final ship of the Hindenburg class, and the second zeppelin to carry the name "Graf Zeppelin" (after the LZ 127) and thus often referred to as Graf Zeppelin II. Due to the United States refusal to export helium to Germany, the Graf Zeppelin II was inflated with hydrogen and therefore never carried commercial passengers. It made 30 flights over 11 months in 1938–39, many being propaganda publicity flights; but staff of the Reich Air Ministry were aboard to conduct radio surveillance and measurements. The airship, along with its LZ 127 namesake were both scrapped in April 1940, and their duralumin framework salvaged to build aircraft for the Luftwaffe. Design and development The Graf Zeppelin II was virtually identical to the Hindenburg, and was originally designed to use hydrogen as lifting gas. It was built to replace the aging LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin on the South American transatlantic route while the Hindenburg would continue flying the North American route. Following the Hindenburg disaster in May 1937, Dr. Hugo Eckener vowed to never use hydrogen again in a passenger airship. This led to modifications so that the Graf Zeppelin II could be inflated with helium. The only source of helium in large enough quantities at that time was the United States, so Eckener traveled to Washington, D.C. to lobby for helium for his airships. He visited President Roosevelt, who promised to supply helium, but only for peaceful purposes. After Germany annexed Austria in March 1938, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes refused to supply helium, and the Graf Zeppelin II was ultimately filled with hydrogen. Though the LZ 130 was nearly identical in design to the LZ 129 Hindenburg, there were a few minor improvements. The tail fins were shorter and the number of intermediate ribs was reduced to save weight and reduce stress on the trailing edge of the fin. As the ship was designed for hydrogen, there would be additional "luxury cabins" with windows on the starboard side allowing for a total of 70 passengers (this was added to the Hindenburg over the winter of 1936–1937). The lower fin had an upward curve similar to the Hindenburgs final design, giving more ground clearance. To further reduce weight, the girder shape and riveting were changed slightly. The four engine cars were initially designed and installed to have the same pusher configuration as the Hindenburg; after the Hindenburg disaster, they were completely redesigned, using the same DB-602 diesel engines powering tractor propellers. The new gondolas were slightly larger to accommodate the new exhaust water recovery system and were better insulated than those on the Hindenburg, with engine noise noticeably reduced. In later flights the airship used variable-pitch three-bladed propellers on both of its rear engines; trials were run on the forward port engine car as the ship neared completion, but only the
LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin
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The Omaka Aviation Heritage Centre is an aviation museum located at the Omaka Air Field, from the centre of Blenheim, New Zealand. History A resurgence of heritage aviation interest began in the Marlborough area in the late 1990s when a group of enthusiasts imported two Chinese Nanchang CJ-6 trainers and established the Marlborough Warbirds Association as a way to foster interest and provide a social network of support. As increasing numbers of aircraft were based at Omaka, word of their existence led to increasing numbers of tourists visiting the facilities. In 1997, a small group of aircraft owners and enthusiasts established the New Zealand Aviation Museum Trust to provide a means of making the aircraft accessible to the public on a more practical and sustainable basis while acting as catalyst to attract aviation business and investment to the Marlborough region and at the same time grow the public understanding and appreciation of aviation. A decade of collaborative activity lead to the establishment of the Marlborough Aviation Cluster, incorporating an aviation business park and the heritage centre. The initiative received support from the Marlborough District Council and Marlborough Regional Development Trust. In addition NZ Trade and Enterprise in 2004 contributed NZ$2 million in funding as part of a Major Regional Initiative grant towards stage 1 of the heritage centre. Stage One of the Omaka Aviation Heritage Centre, featuring the WW1 exhibition 'Knights of the Sky' occupies some 3,000 sqm of purpose-built display area and was officially opened on 9th Dec 2006. Stage Two opened in November 2016. Knights of the Sky Exhibition Omaka's first exhibition, 'Knights of the Sky', presents one of the world's largest collections of World War I aircraft and rare memorabilia, including a mix of static displays along with flyable planes. The collection (which is on long term loan to the museum) is managed by the 14-18 Aviation Heritage Trust, which is chaired by film director Sir Peter Jackson. As a result of Jackson’s interest the exhibition which was designed by Joe Bleakley was able to employ the talents of Wellington's finest set builders, painters and props specialists, in particular those of Wingnut Films and enhanced with lifelike mannequins by Wētā Workshop. Despite its complexity the exhibition took less than 10 weeks to complete from design to opening. Dangerous Skies Exhibition 'Dangerous Skies' broadens the Omaka experience into the Second World War. As well as the Battle of Britain, visitors are taken on a journey through the lesser-known stories of the war on the Eastern Front. Like the WW1 'Knights of the Sky', this exhibition features mannequins made by Weta Workshop, and original, static and flyable aircraft in larger than life dioramas. Airshow At Easter on alternate (odd) years to the Warbirds over Wanaka air show, the Omaka airfield plays host to an air show called Classic Fighters. Collection The museum's collection contains a wide variety of military aircraft from the First and Second World Wars as well as artefacts and personal items belonging to some of the
Omaka Aviation Heritage Centre
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Un-Led-Ed is the debut album by Dread Zeppelin, released in 1990. The album received a public endorsement by Led Zeppelin vocalist Robert Plant, who claimed he preferred Dread Zeppelin's cover of "Your Time Is Gonna Come" to the Led Zeppelin original. Recording Initial recording sessions for the album took place exclusively at The Chapel in Encino, California in 1989. Co-producer, Rasta Li-Mon (R. Lee Manning) was the house engineer for owner, Dave Stewart of Eurythmics. The first sessions yielded two vinyl 45 singles, "Immigrant Song" b/w "Hey Hey What Can I Do" and "Whole Lotta Love" b/w "Tour-Telvis: A Bad Trip". Both singles were released by Birdcage Records in 1989. After selling out multiple runs of the singles in various vinyl colors, Birdcage gave the go-ahead to record a full album. The original concept was to lampoon each Led Zeppelin album in its original order but that was scrapped for more of a hodgepodge approach that could include Dread Zeppelin live favorites like "Black Dog" and "Heartbreaker." Un-Led-Ed was 90% finished when Dread Zeppelin were signed to I.R.S. Records who arranged for the final recording sessions at Club 56 Studio in Burbank, California. Two songs were recorded: "Black Dog" and "(All I Want For Christmas Is) My Two Front Teeth." Both songs feature new drummer, Fresh Cheese 'n' Cheese (Paul Maselli). Original percussionist, Cheese (Curt Lichter), had left the band after the Chapel recordings. "Hey Hey What Can I Do" and "Tour-Telvis: A Bad Trip" were not included on Un Led-Ed but appear on a Birdcage Records cassette-only compilation called Kom Gib Mir Deine Zeppelin and various I.R.S. single B-sides. "All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth" appears on a 1990 I.R.S. Christmas sampler called Just in Time for Christmas. A fourth extra track, "Un-Led-Ed," a psychedelic pastiche incorporating several songs from the album and meant to be somewhat of an overture, was cut from the album due to copyright considerations. The song appears as "Un-Led-Eddd (in 3D)" on Dread Zeppelin's 1995 album for Birdcage Records, No Quarter Pounder. The album features a guest appearance by former Lemony Sykes vocalist George-John Chocolatto. Album cover Birdcage Records art director, Bryant Fernandez, and producer, Jah Paul Jo, envisioned the album to incorporate a gameboard. A mock Monopoly board was created using Led Zeppelin, reggae music and Elvis Presley references for the properties and utilities. This concept was eventually used for the inside of the album. When the band signed to I.R.S., the idea was pitched to do a cover along the lines of the children's toy where magnetic shavings are manipulated by a magnet to make different hair styles. Artist Hugh Brown created a mock-up for this cover, but the idea was rejected as being too costly. Brown then created the cover that is now used, pictures of the band surrounded by branches and colored lights. Controversy At the behest of the Elvis Presley estate, the photo of Tortelvis (Greg Tortell) on the cover of Un Led-Ed was blacked
Un-Led-Ed
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The Council of Military Education Committees of the Universities of the United Kingdom (COMEC) represents the interests of Military Education Committees in negotiations with Defence and the Armed Forces over policy development in officer training, the University Service Units and the Reserve Forces. COMEC organizes an Annual Conference, publishes Occasional Papers and awards a Prize to the Officer Cadet who demonstrates outstanding achievement in leadership through military expertise, public service commitment and Service Unit activities. The COMEC Conspectus publicises to COMEC's strategic allies and others what COMEC does and for whom. History COMEC as such came into being in 1919, though its origins lie in the formation of the Officers Training Corps (OTC) in 1908. Widespread myth surrounds the formation of the OTC, occasioned by a history of the Victorian Volunteers which suggested, in an appendix, that all university Volunteer units transferred to the OTC on 1 September 1908. In fact, only eight universities formed OTCs in that year, although others would soon follow. Army Order 297 issued on 10 November, officially recognised the first OTC Contingents as Edinburgh with Infantry, Artillery and Medical Units, Birmingham, Cambridge, Durham, Manchester, Oxford and Wales with Infantry Units, and newly- formed Belfast. Edinburgh’s Medical Unit had attended annual camp in August wearing OTC insignia and this gives rise to their optimistic claim to have been the founding OTC Contingent. The role of the OTC was primarily to prepare undergraduates for commissioned service and to maintain a supply of well-educated officers to the Territorial Force. No one could have foreseen how vital this was to become when, in the early months of WW1, OTCs bore the brunt of training the large number of additional officers urgently required for the New Army. From 1908, it was a statutory requirement that a host university had a 'Military Education Committee' (MEC - the usual but not universal title) comprising a mix of university and service representatives to oversee the operation of the OTC with particular regard to the balance between cadets' military and academic activities. Most universities that had Volunteer Companies or Batteries, already had a 'Military Committee' for that very purpose and merely had to adopt the new title. During World War I, several aspects of the mobilisation, notably the treatment of OTC officers and cadets who enlisted for active service, had caused widespread dissatisfaction within OTCs: officers were treated as substantive 2nd Lieutenants regardless of their Territorial Force rank and cadets arriving at an Officer Cadet Battalion were treated as fresh recruits even if they held Certificate B. To address this, and other issues, a meeting was held in Durham on 22–23 September 1919, attended by twenty-eight representatives from fifteen MECs and a representative from the War Office. At this meeting, it was resolved to form a ‘Central Organization of Military Education Committees’. COMEC was born. Its functions were to be: To assist in the co-ordination of the work of the Universities and University Colleges in the study of National Defence. To secure for Military
Council of Military Education Committees of the Universities of the United Kingdom
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Led Zeppelin's 1970 European Tour was a concert tour of Europe by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 23 February and concluded on 12 March 1970. Overview During this tour, the cover for the band's debut album met with controversy. At a 28 February 1970 performance in Copenhagen, the band was billed as "The Nobs" as the result of a threat of legal action from aristocrat Frau Eva von Zeppelin, descendant of Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin creator of the Zeppelin aircraft, over use of the 'Zeppelin' name. Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page commented to the music newspaper Melody Maker that Frau Eva von Zeppelin initially took issue during an early Led Zeppelin concert performance in Copenhagen in October 1969, when she tried (unsuccessfully) to stop a television appearance. The aristocrat angrily described the group as "shrieking monkeys". As a gesture of good will, the band invited her to meet with them at a television studio. The meeting was apparently a cordial one. However, upon leaving the studio, her anger reignited when she saw the cover of the group's first album – the exploding Hindenburg aircraft. As Page recalled: Frau von Zeppelin felt the band's use of Zeppelin was insulting and dishonoured her family name. As a result, hostility toward the rock group continued on their next tour of the country in early 1970 by threat of a lawsuit, unless they agreed to change their name while working there. While Peter Grant (the band's manager) was not normally passive when faced with a confrontation, it was decided to appease the aristocrat by temporarily changing the group's name. One name speculated in the national press was "Ned Zeppelin", which Jimmy Page found humorous. After some discussion, Grant and Page settled on the tongue-in-cheek name The Nobs, a playful pun on the name of their European promoter, Claude Nobs. The controversy in Copenhagen was considered advantageous to Led Zeppelin early in their career, as the incident gained them worldwide publicity. The band's choice of names was widely seen as an expression of the band's likability and wit. One concert from this tour, at Frankfurt on 10 March, was cancelled at a week's notice as a result of riots having previously occurred at the venue following a concert by Jethro Tull. It was replaced by a gig at Hamburg. Tour set list The fairly typical set list for the tour was: "We're Gonna Groove" (Ben E. King) "I Can't Quit You Baby" (Dixon) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Page, Plant) "White Summer"/"Black Mountain Side" (Page) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Thank You" (Page, Plant) "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Page, Plant) (On 7 March, 10 March, and 11 March) "Moby Dick" (Bonham) "How Many More Times" (Bonham, Jones, Page) Encores (variations of the following list): "Communication Breakdown" (Bonham, Jones, Page) "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, Plant) "Bring It On Home" (Dixon, Page, Plant) (On 28 February) "C'mon Everybody"/"Something Else" (Cochran, Capehart, Sheeley, Cochran) (On
Led Zeppelin European Tour 1970
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Burn Like a Candle is a bootleg recording of the English rock group Led Zeppelin's performance at the Los Angeles Forum on June 25, 1972. It was originally released on CD format in the 1990s by the Smoking Pig label. The audience recording includes the entire show, (with the exception of the final encore, "Weekend") and is well known for its many rare encores, including "Louie Louie". It is also noted for its original cover artwork by William Stout, who drew many of the covers for some of the original vinyl Led Zeppelin bootlegs in the 1970s. The release has been described as "a must for any collector". The album title is derived from a comment Led Zeppelin singer, Robert Plant, delivered from the stage during this concert, in which he mentioned that their fifth album did not yet have a title: "It's not gonna be called Led Zeppelin Five, it's got every possibility of being called Burn That Candle" (The album, released the following year, would ultimately be entitled Houses of the Holy). For many years this audience recording (including subsequent bootleg versions with various packaging) was all that existed from this show. In 2003, an edit of professionally recorded soundboard tapes from this show and the subsequent Long Beach show was officially released on the album How the West Was Won. However, this bootleg, as an internet download, contains the entire, unedited version of the show. There are versions of songs not included on How the West Was Won, such as "Thank You", "Communication Breakdown", and the entire acoustic set. The "Whole Lotta Love" medley includes a performance of "Heartbreak Hotel" and "Slow Down" both of which are not included on the official release. Set list "LA Drone" "Immigrant Song" "Heartbreaker" "Over the Hills and Far Away" "Black Dog" "Since I've Been Loving You" "Stairway to Heaven" "Going to California" "That's the Way" "Tangerine" "Bron-Y-Aur Stomp" "Dazed and Confused/Walter's Walk/The Crunge" "What Is and What Should Never Be" "Dancing Days" "Moby Dick" "Whole Lotta Love Medley: Boogie Chillen'/Let's Have a Party/Hello Mary Lou/Heartbreak Hotel/Slow Down/Goin' Down Slow/The Shape I'm In" "Rock and Roll" "The Ocean" "Louie Louie" "Everyday People" "Organ Solo" "Thank You "Communication Breakdown" "Bring It On Home" "Weekend". (some bootlegs include a recording of this song from June 14, 1972, at the Nassau Coliseum) See also Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings References Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings Led Zeppelin live albums
Burn Like a Candle
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All Saints Church is located in the village of Acton near Sudbury. It is an Anglican parish church in the deanery of Sudbury, part of the archdeaconry of Ipswich, and the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich. All Saints Church was listed at Grade I on 23 March 1961. Construction The Domesday Book mentions Acton as a church with 30 acres of land. The original building was constructed circa 1250. The south aisle of the church was constructed in the 15th century, and the upper part of the church tower was pulled down in the late 19th century for safety, to be rebuilt in the 1920s. Memorials Brasses All Saints' Church has a collection of monumental brasses, one of which of Robert de Bures is the oldest brass in Suffolk and third oldest in England, and which was described by the Victoria and Albert Museum as "the finest military brass in existence". The collection of brasses includes Robert de Bures, Lady Alice Byran and Henry de Bures, as well as some smaller brasses created of later Byrans. The clothing of Robert de Bures in this Brass indicates that he was a knight of the Crusade in the last Crusade to the Holy Lands which took place in 1270. He is buried within All Saints Church, although his family doesn't appear to have held lands in Acton until his second marriage. Jennans Memorial The Jennans family vault was added with the south aisle in the 15th century. The memorial itself was added in the 1700s dedicated to Robert Jennans who died in 1732 and was Adjutant to the Duke of Marlborough, it features Robert Jennans and the allegorical figure of grief. Details of Both Robert Jennans and his son William Jennans are recorded on the memorial. Bells The church has five bells, which were overhauled by Whitechapel Bell Foundry and rehung in 1926. The bells were founded between 1659 and 1747, with weights ranging between 4-1-4 and 8-1-4 cwt. Zeppelin The church displays a WW1 bomb dropped by a Zeppelin on the Parish on August 7, 1916. See also Grade I listed buildings in Suffolk References External links Church of England church buildings in Suffolk Grade I listed churches in Suffolk Babergh District
All Saints Church, Acton
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Live on Blueberry Hill (also known as Blueberry Hill) is a bootleg recording of English rock group Led Zeppelin's performance at the Los Angeles Forum on September 4, 1970, which took place during their summer 1970 North American Tour. The audience recording is one of the first Led Zeppelin bootlegs, and one of the first ever rock and roll bootlegs. It was released on the Blimp label. The album was reissued on the Trademark of Quality label and shipped to England. The album sold so many copies that many fans thought it was a legal release. The sleeve notes describe it as "One hundred and six minutes and fifty three seconds of pure alive rock." Live on Blueberry Hill derives its name from Zeppelin's performance of Fats Domino's "Blueberry Hill" as a final encore. The bootleg also features one of the few known live performances of "Out on the Tiles", from the group's third album, plus "Bron-Yr-Aur", which would not be released officially until five years later, on Physical Graffiti. From the 1980s the bootleg became available on CD as a two-disc set, often under the titles Blueberry Hill and The Final Statements. Led Zeppelin parody cover band Dread Zeppelin released an album in 1995 entitled Live on Blueberry Cheesecake – a play on the title of this bootleg release. "I actually prefer …Blueberry Hill to [pioneering Zeppelin bootleg] Pb," remarked photographer (and Jimmy Page's friend) Ross Halfin, "even though it isn't such good sound quality, but because it includes the whole show." In 2017, the Empress Valley bootleg label released the nine-CD, Live On Blueberry Hill: The Complete 1970 L.A. Forum Tapes, which includes five different source recordings of the concert. Set list "Immigrant Song" "Heartbreaker" "Dazed and Confused" "Bring It On Home" "That's the Way" "Bron-Yr-Aur" "Since I've Been Loving You" "Organ Solo/Thank You" "What Is and What Should Never Be" "Moby Dick" "Whole Lotta Love" (Medley) "Boogie Chillen" "That's All Right" "Moving On" "Red House" "Some Other Guy" "Think It Over" "Honey Bee" "The Lemon Song" "Communication Breakdown" (Medley) "Good Times Bad Times" "For What It's Worth" "I Saw Her Standing There" "Out on the Tiles" "Blueberry Hill" See also Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings References Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings Led Zeppelin live albums 1970 live albums Trademark of Quality live albums
Live on Blueberry Hill
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Zeppelin is a 1971 British World War I action-drama directed by Étienne Périer in Panavision and Technicolor. The film stars Michael York, Elke Sommer and Anton Diffring. Zeppelin depicts a fictitious attempt to raid Britain in a German Zeppelin to steal the Magna Carta from its hiding place in one of Scotland's castles, or destroy it. Plot in 1915, during the First World War, Geoffrey Richter-Douglas (Michael York), a Scotsman of German descent, is a lieutenant in the British Army. He meets Stephanie (Alexandra Stewart), a German spy to whom he is attracted. She suggests that he escape to Germany, where the other members of his family and his friends are. He reports this contact to his commanding officer, Captain Whitney, who also wants Geoffrey to go to Germany, but on a secret mission to steal the plans of the LZ36, a new type of Zeppelin under development at Friedrichshafen. Geoffrey pretends to be a deserter and travels to Germany, even getting shot in the arm by fellow British agents to sell the Germans the ruse. At Friedrichshafen, he meets his long-time friend Professor Altschul (Marius Goring), who lives with his beautiful and much younger wife, Erika (Elke Sommer), both of whom are scientists working on the new airship. Erika suspects that Geoffrey may be up to something, but keeps her suspicions to herself. Geoffrey quickly learns that German Intelligence recruited him to travel to Germany for a specific military purpose. Following a meeting with Intelligence Colonel Hirsch (Anton Diffring), he is assigned to the LZ36 on its maiden test flight. As soon as it is declared airworthy, to maintain absolute secrecy without first returning to base, the airship is to take part in a military operation to steal or destroy British historical documents, including the copy of Magna Carta, from the National Archives at Balcoven Castle in Scotland. Geoffrey is to play a key role in the mission, using his knowledge of the Scottish countryside to guide the airship very close to the castle at night while the craft is gliding with its engines off. After leaving Germany, the zeppelin lands on a fjord in Norway to refuel and take on board a specially trained unit of soldiers armed with mustard gas. Geoffrey misdirects the craft's wireless operator just long enough to send a message about the LZ36's location to British intelligence. The wireless operator returns and, upon hearing the reply and realizing what Geoffrey had done, engages him in a fight. Geoffrey manages to knock him out, and then throws him out an open window, telling the captain the wireless operator had fallen while scraping ice off the airship, as many craft personnel had been ordered to do. The explanation is believed, but Geoffrey does not have a chance to send any more information because Erika comes on the scene and removes an important radio component. The airship proceeds to Balcoven Castle. Under cover of darkness, Geoffrey navigates the airship on its final approach to the castle. A
Zeppelin (film)
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In 1900 the War Office formed a Mechanical Transport Committee looking to develop the use of mechanical transport as a way to move troops, equipment and supplies (as an alternative to horse drawn transport). A subsidy scheme - also known as a subvention scheme - was devised where approved vehicles (tested in subsidy trials) bought by civilian owners would be granted a subsidy in exchange for the vehicles being made available in time of war. While the financial details of the scheme were complex and changed over time, the trials and their results both improved the vehicles and engines available for heavy transport, and had an important influence on the vehicles and engines that were made and used during WW1. Similar schemes were operated before WW1 in Germany and France. Early motor trials These early trials of fitness had financial rewards, as well as the resulting commercial benefits. December 1901 - Trials of self-propelled lorries for military purposes, announced in September 1901 with 30 to 40 lorries expected to take part. However considerably less took part, and just prior to the trial it was announced that 11 had applied, and for 8 the type was specified (7 steam, and 1 internal combustion). The results were a first prize of £500 to the Thornycroft Steam Waggon Company, second prize of £250 to Messrs Edwin Foden & Co, and third prize of £100 to the Straker Steam Vehicle Company. October/November 1903 - The next set of trials had such challenging targets for performance, that only a single vehicle took part. In particular the requirement for hauling a load for 40 miles without pausing for fuel or water (while remaining under the 13 ton weight limit) eliminated steam traction. A tractor devised by R. Hornsby & Sons Ltd with a twin cylinder Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine was the only vehicle to enter the trial. This not only met but exceeded the requirements of the War Office and was duly awarded the £1000 first prize, plus a bonus of £180 for completing 58 miles without refueling (18 miles further than required earning a bonus of £10 per mile). Furthermore it drove down from Grantham to Aldershot, completed the trial, and then drove back to Grantham. Subsidy trials before WW1 The subsidy scheme was proposed in 1902 by Captain Cecil Battine and Arthur Stanley(chairman of the RAC), Nothing happened regarding this proposal, though it did galvanise the German authorities to create their own system. When the scheme was announced in the UK in January 1907, the offer of £2 per year per vehicle was in stark contrast to the German £200 initial subsidy and £50 per year for 5 years. The UK terms were revised in 1911, with a £12 subsidy for initial purchase, and £15 per year for two years, subject to 6 monthly inspections. To be approved British vehicles had to meet a very detailed specification published in 1912. The fact the subsidy vehicles has a slightly more expensive specification than civilian ones, and
War Office Subsidy Scheme
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The Zeppelin NT ("Neue Technologie", German for new technology) is a class of helium-filled airships being manufactured since the 1990s by the German company Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH (ZLT) in Friedrichshafen. The initial model is the N07. The company considers itself the successor of the companies founded by Ferdinand von Zeppelin which constructed and operated the very successful Zeppelin airships in the first third of the 20th century. There are, however, a number of notable differences between the Zeppelin NT and original Zeppelins as well as between the Zeppelin NT and usual non-rigid airships known as blimps. The Zeppelin NT is classified as a semi-rigid airship. There are various roles for the Zeppelin NT; traditional roles have been aerial tourism purposes and for conducting passenger services. The hull surfaces of the aircraft have also been used for advertising purposes. The Zeppelin NT have also been used for observation platforms, such as for aerial photographers and by television commentators covering major events. Due to their capability for low-vibration flight for up to 24 hours at a time, ZLT considers the airships suitable for research missions for environmental observation, troposphere research and natural resource prospecting. Development The modern development and construction embodied by the Zeppelin NT had been financed by a long-standing endowment, which had been initially funded with money left over from the earlier Zeppelin company, that had been under the trusteeship of the Mayor of Friedrichshafen. A stipulation had been placed upon the endowment that limited the use of its funds to the field of airships. Over the many years, the investment value of the endowment grew to a point where it had become viable for the funds to be put to use for the purpose of designing, developing, and constructing of a new generation of Zeppelins. In 1988, the first considerations into the technological and economic feasibility of reviving the Zeppelin industry began; this included examinations of historic Zeppelin documentation as well as current designs for airships. In December 1990, a feasibility study and accompanying market research program found an initial sales potential for around eighty Zeppelin airships for purposes such as tourism, advertising, and scientific research. In mid 1991, the newly formed development team filed several patents on various technologies that would be later used on the subsequent airship, these included propeller arrangements, structure and girder design, and ballonet implementation. In March 1991, a flyable remote control proof of concept model was demonstrated, which is claimed to have revealed excellent flight characteristics from the onset. In September 1993, the Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH (ZLT) was founded in Friedrichshafen as a corporate spin-off of the original Zeppelin company to pursue development and production of the new generation of Zeppelins, later known as the Zeppelin NT (New Technology). By spring 1994, preparatory studies for a full-sized prototype were underway. In 1995, the Luftfahrt-Bundesamt, Germany's civil aviation authority, officially recognized ZLT as a design organisation, and approved new construction regulations for airships. In November 1995, final assembly of the first airship prototype commenced,
Zeppelin NT
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No Quarter Pounder is an album by the American band Dread Zeppelin, released in 1995. Its title is wordplay on the Led Zeppelin song "No Quarter", and the name of a McDonald's hamburger, the Quarter Pounder. The band promoted the album with a North American tour. Critical reception The Calgary Herald noted that "once around, it was fun and funny ... But after four or five albums (lost track there) it's worn as thin as [singer] Tortelvis's Jenny Craig fantasies." The Toronto Star argued that "it's still a good joke, because Tortelvis combines a great voice with a truly warped sense of humor," and considered the album to be better than The Fun Sessions. The Houston Press wrote: "The idea of a reggae band fronted by an Elvis impersonator performing Led Zeppelin cover tunes should have been, at most, a one-hit novelty. But because Dread Zep told the joke so well, they've endured and won approving nods from even those '70s survivors who thought Zeppelin sucked almost as bad as disco." The St. Louis Post-Dispatch dismissed No Quarter Pounder as "even more lifeless than its inspirations." Track listing "Un Leddd Ed (In 3d)" (Traditional) – 1:09 "Ramble On" (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 4:01 "Viva Las Vegas" (Doc Pomus, Mort Schuman) - 3:35 "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Page, Plant) – 4:58 "Li'l Baby Elvis Jackson" (Jah Paul Jo & Butt-Boy) – 3:48 "How Many More Times" (John Bonham, Jones, Page) – 6:25 "No Quarter" (John Paul Jones, Page, Plant) – 4:33 "The Last Resort" (Dread Zeppelin), from the film National Lampoon's Last Resort – 4:19 "1-800-Psychic Pal" (Jah Paul Jo, Tortelvis) – 1:44 "American Trilogy" (Mickey Newbury) – 3:42 "Brick House (Of the Holy!)" (King, Lapread, McClary, Orange, Ritchie, Williams) – 5:01 "Li'l Baby E.J. Goes to College (The "Son" Sessions)" (Hambone Butt-Boy, Jo, Tortelvis) – 3:55 Additional notes Catalogue: Birdcage 11006 References 1995 albums Dread Zeppelin albums Birdcage Records albums
No Quarter Pounder
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The Zeppelin-Staaken L was an experimental long-range maritime patrol floatplane developed during World War I by Zeppelin-Staaken for the Imperial German Navy's () Naval Air Service (). Derived from the Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI heavy bomber, it was a large, four-engine aircraft with its engines grouped in tractor-pusher pairs between the wings. A single aircraft was ordered for evaluation purposes in 1917. Six improved versions were ordered while the L was being tested. It was destroyed in a crash in June 1918 with the death of everyone aboard. Background and description By late 1916, the vulnerability of the Zeppelins on reconnaissance missions over the North Sea had been recognized by the Naval Air Service and Rear Admiral () Philipp, commander of the Naval Air Service, outlined requirements for three types of multi-engine seaplanes to replace the Zeppelins. The highest priority was for a four-engine maritime patrol aircraft with an endurance of 10–12 hours, capable of maintaining altitude on two engines, in a memorandum on 26 December. Philipp clarified that the reconnaissance aircraft's task would be mine spotting, anti-submarine duties, and shipping control on 10 February 1917. In response, Zeppelin-Staaken offered a floatplane version of their R.VI heavy bomber modified with additional fuel tanks and the Naval Air Service placed an order for a single aircraft on 15 February. The fuselage of the L was a lattice girder built from wood and steel tubing with the forward portion covered by plywood and the rest by fabric. The crew compartment housed both pilots, the bombardier/navigator, the wireless operator and the fuel attendant. In the nose of the fuselage was the bombardardier's position and the bombsight; it could be fitted with a machine gun. Behind the crew compartment was the dorsal gunner's position armed with two flexible machine gun mounts and the ventral gunner's position with a single gun. The L was built with the R.VI's conventional landing gear with a twin-wheel auxiliary undercarriage beneath the nose for use during landing, but these were replaced once the aircraft had flown to the testing site in Potsdam with two large duralumin floats. Each float was subdivided into a dozen watertight compartments. The L was a four-bay biplane with the fuselage attached to the lower wing. The wooden wings had two main spars and were built in three parts, a center portion and two end panels that were bolted to the center section. Balanced ailerons were only located on the upper wing. Unlike the R.VI they extended past the wingtips and the wings were slightly swept back at an angle of 1.5 degrees. The L was fitted with a biplane empennage with two horizontal stabilizers and two balanced rudders. Initially the upper horizontal stabilizer was only connected to the fuselage by struts, but a vertical stabilizer with an additional rudder was added during flight testing to improve directional stability. Elevators extended across the full width of both horizontal stabilizers. The Mercedes D.IVa straight-six engines were located between the wings on A-shaped struts positioned above the floats. Each
Zeppelin-Staaken L
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Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship. Zeppelin may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Zeppelin (film), a 1971 British film Zeppelin (video game), a 1994 flight and economic simulation game Zeppelin (1983 video game), a shoot 'em up game The Zeppelin, a 1933 painting by Carel Willink Led Zeppelin, a British rock band The Zeppelin Record, a 1998 album by Dogbowl "Zeppelin", a 2015 song by Sam and the Womp Businesses and organisations Zeppelin Foundation, a philanthropic organisation Luftschiffbau Zeppelin ('building of airships'), a former German airship manufacturer Zeppelin-Staaken, a former German aircraft manufacturer Zeppelin Games, former name of Eutechnyx, a British video game developer People Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin (1838–1917), German officer, inventor of the Zeppelin rigid airship Zeppelin (surname), including a list of people with that name Places Zeppelin (bunker), World War II bunker near Zossen, Germany Zeppelin (research station), Svalbard, Norway Zeppelin (shopping centre), shopping mall in Kempele, Finland Zeppelin Field, Nazi Party rally grounds in Nuremberg, Germany Zeppelin University, a university at Friedrichshafen, Germany Zeppelinhamna ('Zeppelin Cove'), Spitsbergen island, Svalbard, Norway Zeppelinfjellet, ('Zeppelin Mountain'), Spitsbergen island, Svalbard, Norway Mount Zeppelin, an Antarctic mountain Transportation Zeppelin NT, a modern class of helium-filled airships , a passenger liner launched in 1914 as SS Zeppelin Maybach Zeppelin, a luxury car 1928–34 Rail zeppelin, experimental railcar which resembled a zeppelin airship in appearance Other uses Zeppelin (iPod speaker system), a Bowers & Wilkins product Zeppelin (typeface), from the Klingspor Type Foundry Zeppelin bend, a general purpose bend knot Zeppelin loop, a loop knot Zeppelin mail, airmail carried on Zeppelins Cepelinai ('zeppelins'), a traditional Lithuanian dish of stuffed potato dumplings See also Graf Zeppelin (disambiguation) Operation Zeppelin (disambiguation) Zeppelin Museum (disambiguation) Zepelin, a municipality in Rostock district, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany ZEPLIN-III, a dark matter experiment
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The Zeppelin is a group of speaker systems sold, designed, and manufactured by the English audio company Bowers & Wilkins for use with the iPod. The original speaker, the Zeppelin, was on sale from 2006-2011. WhatHiFi considered that it "set the benchmark for premium iPod speaker docks". The device has now been updated, and renamed the Zeppelin Air. It received substantial reviews by PC magazine, which rated it "excellent", and from What HiFi. The firm also uses the Zeppelin brand to market the Zeppelin Mini, which was reviewed by PCmag, and What HiFi, in connection with their Zeppelin Air reviews. What HiFi said that "despite its smaller stature, there was no dip in sound quality." Units compared Input/Output Audio References Loudspeaker technology Products introduced in 2006 iPod accessories Bluetooth speakers
Zeppelin (iPod speaker system)
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Captain Ernst August Lehmann (12 May 1886 – 7 May 1937) was a German Zeppelin captain. He was one of the most famous and experienced figures in German airship travel. The Pittsburgh Press called Lehmann the best airship pilot in the world, although he was criticized by Hugo Eckener for often making dangerous maneuvers that compromised the airships. He was a victim of the Hindenburg disaster in 1937. Pre-war experience Ernst Lehmann was born in 1886 in Ludwigshafen am Rhein. At the age of 14, he decided that he wanted to build ships. He studied engineering at the Technische Hochschule Berlin and received his degree in 1912. By this time, he had already joined the navy and had attained the rank of naval reserve lieutenant. Upon graduation, he began work at the Imperial Dockyards in Kiel. He did not find this work satisfying so, encouraged by Dr. Hugo Eckener, he joined the DELAG to serve as pilot of the passenger airship LZ 17 Sachsen. He commanded a total of 550 flights of this ship. Service during World War I During the First World War, Captain Lehmann commanded army and navy airships, beginning with the Sachsen after it had been taken over by the Army, followed by the LZ XII, and finally the navy ships LZ 90, LZ 98, and LZ 120. His attack on Antwerp (Belgium) on August 25/26 (during the night) was the first bombing from the air of civilians in world history, killing 10 people. Post-war commercial airship travel After the war, Captain Lehmann continued his involvement with the airships, which were returned to civilian use. He made preparations to fly the naval airship L 72 on the first transatlantic crossing of an airship in 1919, but permission was denied by the German government. In 1920, he spent six months in Sweden studying the economics of an airship line between Stockholm and the Mediterranean, with a stopover in Friedrichshafen. These plans were never realized. In 1921 he spent four months in the United States to prepare for a planned New York to Chicago airship route, and in 1922 he tried to negotiate with the United States and England for a route to go over North Atlantic . With the founding of the Goodyear Zeppelin Corporation in 1923, Captain Lehmann served as Vice President in charge of engineering. In 1924, Captain Lehmann was second-in-command of LZ 126 on the first nonstop transatlantic flight between the European and American mainlands. The purpose of the flight was to deliver the Zeppelin to its new owners, the United States Navy, who rechristened the ship USS Los Angeles. By 1929, Lehmann had filed a declaration of intent to become a United States citizen, but changed his mind when he was given charge of the Hindenburg in 1936. In 1935, when Hermann Göring created the Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei to increase Nazi influence over zeppelin operations, Captain Lehmann was named director of the new airline. Captain Lehmann served as commanding officer on more than 100
Ernst A. Lehmann
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Hermann Blau (21 January 1871 – 18 February 1944) was a German engineer and chemist, and inventor of Blau gas. Blau, a student of the Nobel Prize–winning chemist Adolf von Baeyer, was originally a pharmacist, but devoted himself in later life entirely to chemistry. His attempts to separate gas mixtures by physical means eventually led to the great invention of his life, a transportable liquid lighting gas from the distillation of gases known as Blau gas. It was the manufacturer Ludwig August Riedinger who inspired the inventor to start his first production facility, the Blaugas factory, in 1903 in Augsburg at the Auer roads. The Augsburg-based company operated later on with Riedinger under the name the German Blau gas company which controlled factories in Vienna, Budapest, Bucharest, Saint Petersburg, the United States, Canada and Cuba. Blau gas has a rather water-like color. It was stored in steel cylinders for shipment and had the advantages that it possessed the highest specific energy from all artificial produced gases and unlike coal gas it was free from carbon monoxide. Its main use was for lighting purposes especially in places where coal gas was not available. Blau gas factories were operated in Denmark and Holland for the supply of lighthouses. When electric lights became more common and the extraction of propane became popular because of its cheaper production, Blau gas was pushed out of the market. As a consequence of this decline, the Blaugas factory in Augsburg closed down in the fall of 1933, and moved the main operation of the company to a town in northern Germany. Blau gas experienced an almost unexpected upswing when attempts were made to run the engines of the Zeppelin airships with Blau gas. The decisive factor was the fact that the weight of Blau gas hardly differs from that of air and the use of large quantities of the propellant had little impact on the ships' buoyancy. This advantage was evident on the Zeppelin airship's first voyage to America. Starting in 1929, the Zeppelin construction facility in Friedrichshafen produced the required Blau gas in a Blau manufacturing plant; the use of Blau gas as a buoyancy compensator was demonstrated with the LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin. Hermann Blau was born in Graben, Karlsruhe and died in Stephanskirchen, Rosenheim. He was married to Caroline Blau, had a daughter, Martha, and four sons, Hermann, Rudolf, Edmund and Theodor. References 1871 births 1944 deaths 20th-century German inventors 20th-century German chemists Scientists from Karlsruhe
Hermann Blau
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Led Zeppelin's 1970 United Kingdom Tour was a concert tour of the United Kingdom by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 7 January and concluded on 17 February 1970. This tour is arguably best known for the band's performance at the Royal Albert Hall on 9 January. According to Led Zeppelin guitarist, Jimmy Page, the Royal Albert hall was "at the time the largest and most prestigious gig in London." In 1970, Led Zeppelin commissioned the British director and Producer of BBC's In Concert at the time, Stanley Dorfman, to film Led Zeppelin Live At The Royal Albert Hall, during which Dorfman and the two cameramen he hired, Peter Whitehead and an assistant used handheld Bolex cameras to capture the concert in 16mm film. Virtually all the footage from the Royal Albert Hall concert was featured as Disk One of Led Zeppelin DVD in 2003. The audio portions were digitally remixed for stereo and 5.1 surround mixes. Audio recordings of two songs from the concert, "We're Gonna Groove" and "I Can't Quit You Baby", had earlier been released on the 1982 album Coda. In 2022, Led Zeppelin released portions of 1970 Royal Albert Hall footage as three official music videos, Dazed and Confused (Live at The Royal Albert Hall 1970), How Many More Times (Live at The Royal Albert Hall 1970), and What Is and What Should Never Be (Live at The Royal Albert Hall 1970). One concert from this tour, at Edinburgh on 7 February, was postponed for 10 days owing to vocalist Robert Plant suffering a minor car accident, in which he sustained some facial injuries. For all but one of these concerts, the band did not use any supporting act, although Barclay James Harvest did support them at the Edinburgh Usher Hall gig on 17 February. This would be a trend to continue on subsequent Led Zeppelin concert tours. Tour set list The fairly typical set list for the tour was: "We're Gonna Groove" (King, Bethea) "I Can't Quit You Baby" (Dixon) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant) "White Summer"/"Black Mountain Side" (Page) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Thank You" (Page, Plant) "What Is and What Should Never Be" (Page, Plant) (9 January only) "Moby Dick" (Bonham) "How Many More Times" (Bonham, Jones, Page) Encores (variations of the following list): "Communication Breakdown" (Bonham, Jones, Page) "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, Plant) "Bring It On Home" (Dixon, Page, Plant) (On 7 January, 9 January, and 17 February) "Long Tall Sally" (Little Richard) (On 9 January) "C'mon Everybody"/"Something Else" (Cochran, Capehart, Sheeley, Cochran) (On 7 January and 9 January) There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. Tour dates References External links Comprehensive archive of known concert appearances by Led Zeppelin (official website) Led Zeppelin concert setlists View in Google Earth Sources Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. . Led Zeppelin concert tours 1970 concert tours
Led Zeppelin United Kingdom Tour 1970
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The Zeppelin Foundation is an institution founded by Ferdinand von Zeppelin. Originally founded to support development of zeppelins and other airships, it now owns a number of large businesses in full or in part and uses its income for philanthropic efforts. The Zeppelin Foundation, headquartered in Friedrichshafen, is a legally dependent municipality. Since 1947, the city has managed the funds and ensures that they are used for their intended purpose. The foundation holds 93.8% of the shares of ZF Friedrichshafen and is the owner of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and Zeppelin GmbH. The foundation finances various charitable purposes, including Zeppelin University and the Zeppelin Museum. References Non-profit organisations based in Baden-Württemberg Companies based in Friedrichshafen
Zeppelin Foundation
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Led Zeppelin's Summer 1969 North American Tour was the third concert tour of North America by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 5 July and concluded on 31 August 1969. By this point in the band's career, Led Zeppelin were earning $30,000 a night for each of the concerts they performed. According to music journalist Chris Welch: This concert tour is noteworthy for the number of festival appearances made by Led Zeppelin. These include: 5 July – Atlanta International Pop Festival 6 July – Newport Jazz Festival 11 July – Laurel Pop Festival 12 July – Summer Pop Festival 21 July – Schaefer Music Festivalheadliners at New York City's Wollman Rink, along with B.B. King 25 July – Midwest Rock Festival 27 July – Seattle Pop Festivalthe infamous shark episode is alleged to have taken place at this time 30 August – Singer Bowl Music Festival 31 August – Texas International Pop Festival Tour set list During the tour, Led Zeppelin usually played the same songs in the same order: "Train Kept A-Rollin' " "I Can't Quit You Baby" "Dazed and Confused" "You Shook Me" "White Summer" / "Black Mountain Side" "How Many More Times"the medley portion was sometimes expanded to include "The Lemon Song" and some early rock & roll and blues numbers "Communication Breakdown" The group sometimes added: "I Gotta Move" (8 August, while Page replaced a broken guitar string) "What Is and What Should Never Be" (11 July & 21 August) "Pat's Delight" (18 July) "Your Time Is Gonna Come" (14 August) "Long Tall Sally" (6 July, 12 July, & 30 August) Tour dates References Sources Led Zeppelin concert tours 1969 concert tours 1969 in North America
Led Zeppelin North American Tour Summer 1969
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"Hey, Hey, What Can I Do" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in 1970 as the B-side of the single "Immigrant Song" in the US. Releases After its release on a single, "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do" was included on the Atlantic Records compilation album The New Age of Atlantic in 1972. The song was first released on CD in September 1990, on the Led Zeppelin Boxed Set collection. In 1992, as a 20th-anniversary release, "Immigrant Song"/"Hey, Hey What Can I Do" was issued as a "vinyl replica" CD single. In 1993, the song was included on The Complete Studio Recordings 10-CD box set, as one of four bonus tracks on the Coda disc as well as the subsequent 12-CD Led Zeppelin Definitive Collection box set released in 2008. In 2015, the song was also included on disc one of the two companion discs of the reissue of Coda. Personnel According to Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin: Robert Plant – vocals Jimmy Page – acoustic guitars (six-string and twelve-string), backing vocals (?) John Paul Jones – bass, mandolin, backing vocals (?) John Bonham – drums, backing vocals (?) See also List of cover versions of Led Zeppelin songs"Hey, Hey, What Can I Do" entries Footnotes References Bibliography External links Led Zeppelin songs 1970 singles 1970 songs Atlantic Records singles Country rock songs Song recordings produced by Jimmy Page Songs about infidelity Songs written by Jimmy Page Songs written by John Bonham Songs written by John Paul Jones (musician) Songs written by Robert Plant
Hey, Hey, What Can I Do
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Luftschiffertruppe, a German word meaning "airshipmen's troop", was the designation of the German airship units. Military lighter-than-air aviation The origin of the Luftschiffertruppe was the Versuchsabteilung der Luftschiffertruppe ("experimental airship unit") first raised in 1884 as part of the army which was tasked with the evaluation of tethered observation balloons, first using ball-type balloons but in 1896 introducing elongated Parseval-Sigsfeld kite balloons. On August 1, 1914, the distinction was made between Feldluftschiffer units operating observation balloons at the frontline, Festungsluftschiffer units with territorial defense duties, the Luftschifftruppe operating free-flying airships. In October 1916, the Feldluftschiffer were subordinated to the "Commanding General of the Air Force". The Luftschifftruppe The origin of the Luftschifftruppe ("airship troop") was a special Versuchskompanie für Motorluftschiffahrt ("experimental unit for powered airship navigation") organized in 1906 as part of the Luftschiffertruppe. After tests of the different available airship types, the semi-rigid Groß airship and the Parseval blimp were abandoned while the rigid airships of Zeppelin and Schütte-Lanz design were selected for service. While the use of airships for military purposes had been pioneered by the German army, in 1913 the navy raised their own airship troops. After operating in varying command structures for the first years of the war, in late 1916 the navy took over airship operations on the western front while the army became responsible for the east and the Balkans. World War I Until 1918, the army launched 50 airships, the navy 73. 17 army and 23 navy ships were lost to the enemy, 9 army and 30 navy ships were lost to other causes. The Luftschiffer became the backbone of German aerial warfare in the first years of the War, conducting reconnaissance flights as well as the first bombings of cities, including Paris and London. Upon the outbreak of World War I, the Luftschifftruppe numbered around 20–25 zeppelins in service. The Luftschifftruppe began aerial surveillance early on in Belgium and France, but often came under fire by anti-aircraft guns. Because of their slow speed, they were very vulnerable. After three Zeppelins were shot down in the first month alone, the Luftschiffer were switched to naval surveillance, observing British ship movements, in which capacity they played a decisive role in the Battle of Jutland. Tests were done of dropping bombs from Zeppelins in order to increase their potential. Zeppelins had a typical carrying capacity of almost 9 metric tons, making them useful enough for this operation. Following the Christmas truce, Kaiser Wilhelm II approved of the Luftschifftruppe's bombing of England. On January 19, 1915, the first bombs fell over Britain, when two Zeppelins dropped 50 kg explosives on villages outside Great Yarmouth. Five people died in the first raid; 18 more raids that year would end in almost 900 casualties. Following the terror, the British government began taking measures to stop the bombings. Anti-aircraft guns were set up all over south-eastern England, as well as spotlights for night time. The bombings in 1916 were more intense than in 1915. After an accidental bomb-dropping on
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Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei (), abbreviated DZR, is a German limited-liability company that operates commercial passenger zeppelin flights. The current incarnation of the DZR was founded in 2001 and is based in Friedrichshafen. It is a subsidiary of Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik and operates Zeppelin NT "Next Generation" airships. By 2009 the DZR had transported over 55,000 passengers. As of 2012 the DZR flies a schedule of 12 tour routes between March and November in Southern Germany. The company also operates flights to other selected cities as well as charter flights. In the mid-1930s, the DZR was a commercial airline based in Frankfurt that operated zeppelins in regular transatlantic revenue service, including the famous LZ 129 Hindenburg. Following the Hindenburg disaster in 1937 the DZR stopped transatlantic service, although it launched a new airship in 1938 and had another on order. Plans for more operations ended at the outbreak of World War II and its remaining two zeppelins were dismantled and scrapped in 1940. Today's DZR sees itself as the successor of this original airline and is incorporated under the same name. History DELAG (1909–1935) DELAG (; English: German Airship Transportation Corporation Ltd) was founded on 16 November 1909 as a subsidiary of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin Corporation to commercialize airship travel. It became the world's first passenger airline in revenue service with the launch of LZ 7 Deutschland in 1910. While DELAG's initial flights were primarily sightseeing tours, by 1919 it was operating a regular schedule between Berlin and Friedrichshafen with a stop at Munich. Between 1910 and the outbreak of World War I DELAG transported over 34,028 passengers on 1,588 commercial flights. The first DZR (1935–1940) Founding The creation of the DZR as successor to DELAG occurred for both political and business reasons. Luftschiffbau Zeppelin (LZ) chairman Hugo Eckener, who had intended to run against Hitler in the 1932 presidential election, was already disliked by the Nazis. When Eckener later resisted the new Nazi government's efforts to use zeppelins for propaganda purposes, Reich Minister of Aviation Hermann Göring insisted that a new agency be created to extend Party control over LZ Group. A personal rivalry between Göring and Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels also played a role. To complicate matters further, the Luftschiffbau was a loss-making concern and needed cash investment, in particular to complete construction of the Hindenburg. Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei was therefore incorporated on 22 March 1935 as a joint venture between Zeppelin Luftschiffbau, the Ministry of Aviation, and Deutsche Luft Hansa. The LZ Group's capital contribution came primarily from its two airships LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin and LZ 129 Hindenburg, the latter of which was not yet complete on the date of incorporation. Nearly all of the rest was an infusion of cash by the Air Ministry and DLH. In exchange for this, the DZR agreed to ownership apportioned as follows: The first chief executive officer of DLZ was Ernst Lehmann and Hugo Eckener was appointed chairman, a position he accepted because it left him with a degree of influence over the
Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei
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The Great Led Zeppelin Wine Pairing is a series of "wine and music pairings," created by noted restaurateur and viticulturist Joe Bastianich and writer-musician Mike Edison, along with writer and wine expert David Lynch. Bastianich and Lynch are both recipients of the James Beard Award. The idea was formed when Bastianich and Edison were pondering how to pair the songs of Led Zeppelin with various wines. "Our passion for wine is only rivaled by our passion for Zeppelin," said Bastianich, and encouraged attendees to "taste with their ears and listen with their mouths." Edison, in an interview with publishing blog Galley Cat, said, "Either you see this as a hyper-intellectual exercise in promoting the lexicon of oenology as a valid critical system while simultaneously subverting it and subjecting it to ridicule—or you think it is just some dudes who want to drink some really good wine and listen to Led Zeppelin. No matter what, it is still going be the best salon since Dorothy Parker made that crack about horticulture." Reasoning for the Led Zeppelin name Edison has explained that "Zep is the perfect band to pair with wine—maybe the only band. They have all the right qualities: They can be earthy and intense, or dark and mellow, or just insanely huge. They've got some very real, edgy twang, and some rich, complex textures. They embrace both the Old World and the New. I can't think of any other band that shows so much depth and development, both within individual songs and across entire records," adding, that the wine pairings were both "freakishly sophisticated and patently absurd." History The first Great Led Zeppelin Wine Pairing was held at Becco restaurant in New York City on March 17, 2009, and received excellent reviews and widespread media attention. The New York Post reported, "Guests at Tuesday night's first-ever Great Led Zeppelin Wine Tasting were an odd combo of wine fans and Zep heads but it didn't take many samplings for everyone to start feeling a whole lotta love." The menu, created by chef Billy Gallagher, featured six courses, each paired with wine and select Led Zeppelin songs, as follows: ~Antipasto~ "The Song Remains the Same" Grilled Calamari & Dandelion Salad with Hard-Boiled Egg Champagne 1er Cru Vertus NV, Guy Larmandier (France) Gruner Veltliner Smaragd Terrassen 2007, Domane Wachan (Austria) ~Primi~ "Going to California" Pappardelle with Wild Mushroom Ragu Pinot Noir Knox Alexander 2006, Au Bon Climat (California) "Black Dog" Black Spaghetti Arribiata with Sautéed Shrimp Malbec 2005, Tritono (Argentina) ~Secondi~ "Kashmir", "Whole Lotta Love" Bistecca alla Becco Black Angus Rib-Eye Steak grilled Medium-Rare with Garlic Mashed Potatoes & Sauteed Broccoli Rabe Barolo Vigne Rionda 2000, Oddero (Italy) ~Dolci~ "Tangerine" Farm Fresh Tangerines Moscato d’Asti 2008, Vietti (Italy) "Custard Pie" Vanilla Custard Pie & Led Zeppolini The second Great Led Zeppelin Wine Tasting was held at City Winery in New York City and featured the Led Zeppelin Tribute band Six Foot Nurse performing live with special guest Scott Ian from the band Anthrax.
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Winter 1971 United Kingdom Tour was a concert tour of the United Kingdom by Led Zeppelin. The tour ran from 11 November to 21 December 1971, and "confirmed their supremacy in the UK rock marketplace". Taking place immediately after the release of the band's fourth album, Led Zeppelin IV, all tickets sold out despite going on sale less than a week before the commencement of the tour. Second shows at Wembley and at Manchester were added after fans queued for up to eighteen hours in order to secure a ticket. This tour is particularly notable for the two concerts performed by the band at the Wembley Empire Pool, Wembley Park, dubbed the "Electric Magic" shows. These five hour shows included bizarre vaudeville circus acts with plate spinners, trapeze artists and performing pigs which were dressed in policeman's uniforms. The concerts also incorporated supporting acts such as Stone the Crows, which was a rare event for Led Zeppelin at this point in their career. A colour poster was sold to fans at the concerts for 30p, which is now a rare and highly sought-after collectible. An altered version of the poster was created for a two coloured silk-screen T-shirt print in 2010 for an official Led Zeppelin T-shirt. This was the first concert tour on which the band visually projected the "four symbols" which adorned (and is a variant title for) their fourth album onto their stage equipment. Jimmy Page's "Zoso" symbol was put onto one of his Marshall amplifiers, John Bonham's three interlinked circles adorned the outer face of his bass drum, John Paul Jones had his symbol stenciled onto material which was draped across his Fender Rhodes keyboard and Robert Plant's feather symbol was painted onto a side speaker PA cabinet. Plant's feather symbol was the only one not used in subsequent Led Zeppelin concert tours, and Jones' symbol was removed after the Japanese Tour in 1972. Tour set list All track written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, except where noted. The fairly typical set list for the tour was: "Immigrant Song" "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Page, Plant) "Out on the Tiles" (intro) (Page, Plant, Bonham) / "Black Dog" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Rock and Roll" (Page, Plant, Jones, Bonham) "Stairway to Heaven" "Going to California" "That's the Way" "Tangerine" (Page) "Bron-Yr-Aur Stomp" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "What Is and What Should Never Be" "Celebration Day" (Jones, Page, Plant) "Moby Dick" (Bonham) (on November 13, 20, 21, and 23 only) "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, Plant) Encores (variations of the following list): "Communication Breakdown" (Bonham, Jones, Page) "Thank You" (On 24 November) "Gallows Pole" (on 16 November only) "Weekend" (Post) (on 13 and 16 November and 2 December only) "It'll Be Me" (on 29 November and 2 December only) There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. Tour dates References External links Comprehensive archive of known concert appearances by Led Zeppelin (official website)
Led Zeppelin United Kingdom Tour Winter 1971
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Zeppelin LZ 55 (Army tactical number LZ 85) was a P-class Zeppelin of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was shot down by the old British pre-dreadnough battleship HMS Agamemnon in 1916 during Salonika campaign History On 5 May 1916 LZ55 made another attack on Thessaloniki (Salonika) harbour. Part way through the attack it was caught in spotlights. and all the ships in the area opened fire with their anti-aircraft guns. LZ55 continued its attack but 12-pounder anti-aircraft gun hit LZ 55; breaking it in half according to one of the crew. The airship crashed in the swamps at the mouth of the Vardar River west of Thessaloniki and its crew were captured. The crash site soon became a tourist attraction, with a report that "a dozen Canadian nurses. They had come up ... and waded through to it. What a sight they did look, skirts up round their waists wading through mud and slime up to their knees." The metal structure of the Zeppelin was dragged by Allied soldiers from the swamps to the White Tower of Thessaloniki. There it was reconstructed so that Allied engineers could study how the Germans built airships. Specifications (LZ55 / P-class zeppelin) See also List of Zeppelins References Bibliography Accidents and incidents involving balloons and airships Accidents and incidents involving military aircraft Airships of the Imperial German Navy 1910s German bomber aircraft Hydrogen airships Zeppelins Airships of Germany Airships Aircraft first flown in 1915 Aviation accidents and incidents in 1916
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Coal supplies a quarter of Turkey's primary energy. The heavily subsidised coal industry generates over a third of the country's electricity and emits a third of Turkey's greenhouse gases. Coal is a major contributor to air pollution, and damages health across the nation, being burnt even in homes and cities. It is estimated that a phase out of coal power in Turkey by 2030 instead of by the 2050s would save over 100 thousand lives. Flue gas emission limits are in place, but data from mandatory reporting is not made public. Over 90% of coal mined in Turkey is lignite (brown coal), which is more polluting than other types of coal. Turkey's energy policy encourages mining lignite for coal-fired power stations in order to reduce gas imports; and coal supplies over 40% of domestic energy production. Mining peaked in 2018, at over 100 million tonnes, declined considerably in 2019, but increased again in 2022. Most coal is imported,as in contrast to local lignite production, Turkey imports most of its bituminous coal from Russia. Coal consumption probably peaked in 2022. The largest coalfield in Turkey is Elbistan. History Mining and industry As the Ottoman Navy expanded its steam powered fleet in the 1840s to help defend the Ottoman Empire against the expanding Russian Empire, it became a national priority to find domestic coalfields. There are several apocryphal stories about the discovery of coal on the Black Sea coast in what is now Zonguldak Province. However, it is certain that the Ereğli Coal Mine Company started production in 1842 and that coal mined in Ereğli and Amasra was used to fuel steamboats. In 1848 the Ereğli Coal Basin (now called the Zonguldak Basin) was mapped and claimed by Sultan Abdulmejid I, who later leased it, mainly to foreign merchants. The first customer of Turkey's coal industry was the Ottoman Navy. However, during the Crimean War in the mid-1850s, production was commandeered by the Ottoman Empire's allies, the British Royal Navy, and production increased by importing mining machinery and training Turkish miners. By 1875 the Ottoman Navy had become the third largest in the world and expansion of the mines attracted workers from outside the area, despite the dangerous conditions. The mines in Zonguldak were shelled by Russia during World War I (WW1) to disrupt coal supply to Ottoman and German ships. The first coal-fired power station in Turkey, Silahtarağa Power Station (now SantralIstanbul culture center) opened in 1914, and after the destruction of the empire in WW1, and the subsequent Turkish War of Independence, the new Republic of Turkey industrialized further as part of Atatürk's reforms. Lignite from Soma supplied the army in WW1 and lignite mining began at several other coalfields in 1927. The Zonguldak coalfield remains the only national source of the hard coal which was historically necessary for steelmaking: its mines were nationalized in 1940. In the mid-20th century the state encouraged the growth of cement and steelmaking in Zonguldak. The first large coal-fired power stations were built in
Coal in Turkey
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Led Zeppelin's 1971 European Tour was a concert tour of Europe by the English rock band. The tour commenced on 3 May and concluded on 5 July 1971. It included one concert at Liverpool, England, which was a rescheduled date from their preceding tour of the United Kingdom. It is possible that other unverified dates in Europe were also performed during this period. Though being very short in duration, this concert tour was well known, primarily because of the extremely violent crowd disturbance which took place at the band's concert at the Vigorelli Velodrome in Milan on 5 July. This festival appearance in front of an audience of 15,000 people was abandoned when hundreds of tear-gas wielding riot police charged into the crowd. The group were forced to leave the stage and many fans were injured. Some of the group's equipment was also damaged in the chaos. The band's singer Robert Plant later recalled: The concert has been described as one of the low points of Led Zeppelin's career, and the band never again returned to Italy. Tour set list All track written by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, except where noted. The fairly typical set list for the tour was: "Immigrant Song" "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant) "Since I've Been Loving You" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Out on the Tiles" (intro) (Page, Plant, Bonham) / "Black Dog" (Page, Plant, Jones) "Dazed and Confused" (Page) "Stairway to Heaven" "Going to California" "That's the Way" "Celebration Day" (from 7 Aug) "What Is and What Should Never Be" "Moby Dick" (Bonham, Jones, Page) (on 8 Aug only) "Four Sticks" (on 3 May and 4 May only) "Gallows Pole" (on 3 May and 4 May only) "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Dixon, Jones, Page, Plant) "Communication Breakdown" (Bonham, Jones, Page) (on 3 May and 4 May only) "Misty Mountain Hop" (Page, Plant, Jones) (on 3 May only) "Rock and Roll" (Page, Plant, Jones, Bonham) (on 3 May only) "Weekend" (Post) (on 7 August only) There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. On 3–4 May Led Zeppelin played "Four Sticks" (Page, Plant), the only known times it was performed by the original band. Also played on 3–4 May was "Gallows Pole," two of only four complete known live performances, the third performance occurring later that year on 19 August 1971 at Pacific Coliseum, Vancouver, Canada, and the fourth on 16 November 1971 at St Matthew's Baths Hall, Ipswich, UK. Tour dates References External links Comprehensive archive of known concert appearances by Led Zeppelin (official website) Led Zeppelin concert setlists 1971 interview with Robert Plant about the Milan riot Europe 1971 tour Sources Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. . Led Zeppelin concert tours 1971 concert tours 1971 in Europe
Led Zeppelin European Tour 1971
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Led Zeppelin were an English rock band who recorded 108 songs between 1968 and 1980. The band pioneered the concept of album-oriented rock and often refused to release popular songs as singles, instead viewing their albums as indivisible, complete listening experiences, and disliked record labels re-editing their songs for single releases. Their self-titled debut album, Led Zeppelin, released in early 1969, contained songs that were influenced by the genres of blues, hard rock and heavy metal. Led Zeppelin II, released in October 1969, built upon their debut with a more direct, hard-hitting sound that has become a blueprint for heavy metal bands. Led Zeppelin III (1970) marked a musical growth for the band; half of its songs were hard rockers while the other half were built upon folk and acoustic music that gave it "extra depth". "Immigrant Song", released as a single, was backed by the band's only non-album single, "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do". Their untitled fourth album, commonly referred to as Led Zeppelin IV, was released in November 1971. Bringing together all the genres from their previous albums, the album contains some of the band's best-known songs, including "Black Dog", "Rock and Roll", "Going to California" and "Stairway to Heaven", referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time. The band's following albums, Houses of the Holy (1973) and Physical Graffiti (1975), continued the band's musical growth. Houses of the Holy contained a wider range of musical styles, from the ballad "The Rain Song" to the funk-inspired "The Crunge", while Physical Graffiti was a double album that contained new songs as well as unreleased outtakes from previous albums. The album, like its predecessor, contained a variety of musical styles, including hard rock, funk, acoustic rock, blues, soft and progressive rock, and even country rock. Presence (1976) marked a departure from their previous albums by featuring more straightforward, guitar-driven songs with less emphasis on musical experimentation. In Through the Out Door (1979), a direct contrast to Presence, featured a keyboard-heavy sound that was dominated by Jones. The album would prove to be their last as a band, as after Bonham's death in September 1980, the remaining members decided to disband the group. Coda (1982) is a collection of outtakes from various sessions during the band's career. Since their breakup, 26 songs have seen official release. The Led Zeppelin Boxed Set (1990) saw the release of the band's cover of Robert Johnson's "Travelling Riverside Blues", the live medley "White Summer/Black Mountain Side", and the first album release of "Hey, Hey, What Can I Do?"; the second boxed set (1993) saw the release of "Baby Come On Home". New songs were also released on BBC Sessions (1997) and its remaster, The Complete BBC Sessions (2015), 2003's Led Zeppelin DVD and the live album How the West Was Won (2003). After the release of the concert film Celebration Day (2012), Page announced the remastering of the band's discography in the form of deluxe editions, which together included 13
List of songs recorded by Led Zeppelin
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5,000,000 (*Tortelvis Fans Can't Be Wrong) is Dread Zeppelin's second full-length album. Recorded in early fall 1990, it was conceived and recorded during a three-week break from touring to support the surprisingly successful Un-Led-Ed. Produced by Jah Paul Jo and Rasta Li-Mon, the album once again featured their patented "Zeppelin-Inna-Reggae-Style" hybrid plus 3 original songs and a cover of Bob Marley's "Stir It Up" and "Train Kept A-Rollin'" by The Yardbirds. The album was released worldwide by I.R.S. Records in 1991. The title is a reference to the Elvis Presley album 50,000,000 Elvis Fans Can't Be Wrong. The cover image is an homage to the Led Zeppelin album Led Zeppelin IV. "Stairway to Heaven" and "Stir It Up" Producer/guitarist Jah Paul Jo had said that they left "Stairway to Heaven" off of Un Led-Ed on purpose so people would have to buy the second album, too. "Stairway to Heaven" was edited to be released as a single in the UK (vinyl and CD format). It was also offered as a 3" CD in Japan. Dread Zeppelin's version of Elvis Presley's "Jailhouse Rock" is the B-side of the UK single. A video to promote "Stairway to Heaven" was proposed but never finished due to copyright considerations. The concept was a take-off on the Japanese film King Kong vs. Godzilla, with a gargantuan Tortelvis fighting Godzilla. Many of Dread Zeppelin's 1991 Japanese performances were filmed for inclusion in the video, but it was never completed. "Stir It Up" by Bob Marley also got the Dread Zeppelin treatment. "Stir it up, Charlie... put it in a blender and get real gone," vocalist Tortelvis is heard to mutter on the fade. The song also features electric sitar and a Moog Synthesizer the band claimed to find in Dave Stewart's (Eurythmics) attic. A video of "Stir It Up" was released in 1991 to promote the album. In it, various members of Dread Zeppelin appear as themselves and also as a backup singing group (The Michael Jordanaires) and Tortelvis as Bingo Master in Lederhosen at an Elk's Lodge. Album cover Instead of the mystic man holding sticks on the cover of Led Zeppelin IV, 5,000,000 has Tortelvis' towel and water man, Charlie Haj holding various pool cues and cleaning gear. The inside of the album is a telethon with people manning the telephones and the band posing beside a large-size mock up of a check. The credits for the album are pictured as a tear-stained thank-you speech presumably never given. In the US, the cover is in color on the outside but black and white on the inside. UK and Japanese versions are full color inside and out. In the UK, the album was released on vinyl and CD. Track listing Personnel Carl Jah – Guitars and Background Vocals Jah Paul Jo – Guitars, Keyboard and Background Vocals Put-Mon – Porn Bass and Background Vocals Tortelvis – Lead Vocals Ed Zeppelin – Conga, Percussion & Toast Fresh Cheese 'n' Cheese – Drums I-Lar-E Treadwell – Larry's
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Sywell Aviation Museum is based at Sywell Aerodrome in Northamptonshire, England. It is sited in the aircraft viewing car park at the aerodrome. It documents the history of flying in Northamptonshire from the early days to the present day with particular emphasis on the Second World War. The museum is run by the Sywell Aviation Museum Trust and is run by volunteers; it is closed during the winter months and reopens each Easter Saturday. History The Sywell Aviation Museum opened originally in May 2001 using three Nissen huts from the former USAAF airfield at Bentwaters as its buildings. These were followed in 2011 and 2012 with the addition of two more Nissen huts from a former POW camp at Snape Farm, Derbyshire. All buildings are erected in a row, making five in total. Inside the museum can be found various displays on the history of aviation in Northamptonshire including aviation archaeology, aircraft cockpits, uniforms and models. A particular museum speciality is aircraft ordnance of which the museum has a wide variety from WW1 flechette darts to a concrete mockup of Britain's Blue Danube nuclear bomb. Missiles, rockets and bombs are also displayed, some on an original WW2 RAF bomb trolley towed by a WW2 RAF bomb tractor. Internal displays The displays are themed into the following halls: The Paul Morgan Hall The Paul Morgan Hall (Sywell Hall) charts the history of Sywell and including information on the aerodrome, RAF flying training there, a wartime LINK Trainer, and the museum's de Havilland Vampire T.11 jet fighter cockpit. The RAF Hall The RAF Hall has displays of RAF uniforms and equipment, a complete WW2 bomb train, an Anderson shelter, wartime kitchen and extensive display on the Home Guard. The Main Hall The Main Hall displays archaeological remains from Vickers Wellington and B-17 Flying Fortress aircraft from local crashes. The story of WW1 in the air is also told as are the Zeppelin raids over Northamptonshire in WW1 and information about local ace Major Mick Mannock. The museum's de Havilland Chipmunk cockpit is available for children to try out. The American Hall The American Hall concentrates on three main units - the 315th Troop Carrier Group (Spanhoe), 20th Fighter Group (Kings Cliffe) and 305th Bomb Group (Chelveston) and displays original operation boards from the 20th FG, a mockup of a USAAF station armoury and B-17 cheek gunner's position. The front cockpit of a North American T-6 Harvard trainer is also on show. The POW/Cold War Hall The POW/Cold War Hall covers the 1942 Wellingborough Blitz bombing raid, RAF escape and evasion and prisoners of war and the Cold War era, including use of THOR missiles in Northamptonshire. An Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire jet engine is displayed. which used to power the museum's Hawker Hunter. External displays A Hawker Hunter F.2 jet fighter is displayed outside the museum - it is the only complete F.2 mark left in existence. An English Electric Canberra TT.18 cockpit is also usually on show. In March 2021, the museum's
Sywell Aviation Museum
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USS Akron (ZRS-4) was a helium-filled rigid airship of the U.S. Navy, the lead ship of her class, which operated between September 1931 and April 1933. It was the world's first purpose-built flying aircraft carrier, carrying F9C Sparrowhawk fighter planes, which could be launched and recovered while it was in flight. With an overall length of , Akron and her sister ship were among the largest flying objects ever built. Although LZ 129 Hindenburg and LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II were some longer and slightly more voluminous, the two German airships were filled with hydrogen, and so the two US Navy craft still hold the world record for the largest helium-filled airships. Akron was destroyed in a thunderstorm off the coast of New Jersey on the morning of 4 April 1933, killing 73 of the 76 crewmen and passengers. The accident involved the greatest loss of life in any airship crash. Technical description The airship's skeleton was built of the new lightweight alloy duralumin 17-SRT. The frame introduced several novel features compared with traditional Zeppelin designs. Rather than being single-girder diamond trusses with radial wire bracing, the main rings of Akron were self-supporting deep frames: triangular Warren trusses 'curled' round to form a ring. Though much heavier than conventional rings, the deep rings promised to be much stronger, a significant attraction to the navy after the in-flight break up of the earlier conventional airships R38/ZR-2 and ZR-1 Shenandoah. The inherent strength of these frames allowed the chief designer, Karl Arnstein, to dispense with the internal cruciform structure used by Zeppelin to support the fins of their ships. Instead, the fins of Akron were cantilevered: mounted entirely externally to the main structure. Graf Zeppelin, Graf Zeppelin II, and Hindenburg used a supplementary axial keel along the hull centerline. However, the Akron used three keels, one running along the top of the hull and one each side, 45 degrees up from the lower centreline. Each keel provided a walkway running almost the entire length of the ship. The electric and telephone wiring, control cables, 110 fuel tanks, 44 water ballast bags, 8 engine rooms, engines, transmissions, and water-recovery devices were placed along the lower keels. The inert gas helium was used instead of flammable hydrogen, which improved streamlining by allowing the engines to be safely placed inside the hull. A generator room, with 2 Westinghouse d.c. generators powered by a 30-h.p. internal combustion engine, was forward of the No. 7 engine room. The main rings were spaced at and between each pair were three intermediate rings of lighter construction. In keeping with conventional practice, 'station numbers' on the airship were measured in meters from zero at the rudder post, positive forward and negative aft. Thus the tip of the tail was at station −23.75 and the nose mooring spindle was at station 210.75. Each ring frame formed a polygon with 36 corners and these (and their associated longitudinal girders) were numbered from 1 (at the bottom centre) to 18 (at the top
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Donald Mitchell Healey CBE (3 July 1898 – 13 January 1988) was a noted English car designer, rally driver and speed record holder. Early life Born in Perranporth, Cornwall, elder son of Frederick (John Frederick) and Emma Healey (née Mitchell) who at that time ran a general store there, Donald Healey became interested in all things mechanical at an early age, most particularly aircraft. He studied engineering while at Newquay College. When he left his father bought him an expensive apprenticeship with Sopwith Aviation Company in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey and he joined Sopwith in 1914 continuing his engineering studies at Kingston Technical College. Sopwith had sheds at the nearby Brooklands aerodrome and racing circuit. Barely 16 when WW1 started, he volunteered in 1916 (before the end of his apprenticeship) for the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and earned his "wings" as a pilot. He went on night bombing raids and served on anti-Zeppelin patrols and also as a flying instructor. Shot down by British anti-aircraft fire on one of the first night bomber missions of the war, after a further series of crashes he was invalided out of the RFC in November 1917 and spent the rest of the war checking aircraft components for the Air Ministry. After the Armistice he returned to Cornwall, took a correspondence course in automobile engineering and opened the first garage in Perranporth in 1920. Donald Healey married Ivy Maud James (she died in 1980) on 21 October 1921 and they had three sons. Triumph Healey found rally driving and motor racing more interesting than his garage and its car hire business and used the garage to prepare cars for competition. He first entered the Monte Carlo Rally in 1929 driving a Triumph 7 but in 1931 Donald Healey won the Monte Carlo Rally driving a 4½-litre Invicta and was 2nd overall the next year. Now in demand as a competition driver he sold the garage business, moved to the Midlands to work for Riley but soon moved to the Triumph Motor Company as experimental manager. The next year he was made technical director and responsible for the design of all Triumph cars. He created the Triumph Southern Cross and then the Triumph Dolomite 8 straight-eight sports car in 1935 following his class win, and 3rd overall, in the 1934 Monte Carlo Rally in a Triumph Gloria of his own design —the previous year a train demolished their Dolomite on a foggy level crossing miraculously sparing Healey and his co-driver. Triumph went into liquidation in 1939 but Healey remained on the premises as works manager for H M Hobson making aircraft engine carburettors for the Ministry of Supply. Later in the war he worked with Humber on armoured cars. Donald Healey was keen to begin making his own cars, planning post-war sports cars with colleague and chassis specialist Achille Sampietro. Donald Healey Motor Company In 1945 he formed with Sampietro and Ben Bowden the Donald Healey Motor Company Ltd basing its business in an old
Donald Healey