who wrote conjunction junction what 's your function
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Schoolhouse Rock! Rocks is a tribute album based on the American animated TV series, Schoolhouse Rock! It was released by Atlantic/Lava Records in 1996 and contains 15 tracks, the original "Schoolhouse Rocky" theme and covers of 14 songs from the series performed by popular music artists. There was also a promo-only 7" single distributed to promote this album featuring the Man or Astro-man? track and the Pavement track. This single was pressed on yellow vinyl. "Three Is a Magic Number" was one of the last recordings made by Blind Melon's Shannon Hoon, who died of a drug overdose in October 1995. A portion of the sales of the album went to the Children's Defense Fund. Reception Reception to Schoolhouse Rock! Rocks was generally very positive, with Entertainment Weekly rating it a B+ and commenting on the surprising charm and high-quality contributions by the popular young artists. Track listing "Schoolhouse Rocky" by Bob Dorough and Friends – 0:13 "I'm Just a Bill" by Deluxx Folk Implosion – 3:26 "Three Is a Magic Number" by Blind Melon – 3:14 "Conjunction Junction" by Better Than Ezra – 3:44 "Electricity, Electricity!" by Goodness – 3:21 "No More Kings" by Pavement – 4:22 "The Shot Heard 'Round the World" by Ween – 3:09 "My Hero, Zero" by The Lemonheads – 3:06 "The Energy Blues" by Biz Markie – 3:10 "Little Twelvetoes" by Chavez – 3:56 "Verb: That's What's Happening" by Moby – 4:29 "Interplanet Janet" by Man or Astro-man? – 2:46 "Lolly, Lolly, Lolly, Get Your Adverbs Here" by Buffalo Tom – 2:13 "Unpack Your Adjectives" by Daniel Johnston – 3:05 "The Tale of Mr. Morton" by Skee-Lo – 4:05 Single tracks Side A "No More Kings" by Pavement – 4:22 Side B "Interplanet Janet" by Man or Astro-man? – 2:46 Chart performance The album charted at number 70 on the Billboard 200 in 1996. References Television animation soundtracks Tribute albums 1996 compilation albums 1996 EPs Atlantic Records compilation albums Atlantic Records EPs Alternative rock compilation albums Alternative rock EPs Schoolhouse Rock!
Schoolhouse Rock! Rocks
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Who's on First? is a live 2000 vocal album by the songwriters Bob Dorough and Dave Frishberg. It was recorded at the Jazz Bakery in Los Angeles. Dorough and Frishberg had been friends for several decades prior to this recording and had written the song "I'm Hip" together in 1965. The pair were persuaded to perform as a duo by the owner of the Jazz Bakery club, Ruth Price, and this live album was made of their collaboration. The opening song and title track, "Who's on First?" is about the problem of deciding which of the pair should perform first in the show. The pair performed using two grand pianos that faced each other on the stage. Each performed four solo songs with the rest recorded in duet. Reception Scott Yanow reviewed the album for Allmusic and wrote that Dorough and Frishberg " ... have a lot in common. Both are swinging pianists, likable vocalists that do not have conventional voices, and superb lyricists with very original wits" and that the album was "a fun CD that lives up to its potential". Jim Santella reviewed the album for All About Jazz, writing of Dorough and Frishberg, "What individuals! As songwriters, both have come up with memorable keepers" and that the album was " ... an overview from both of these not-to-be-missed songsters, herald[ing] the work of two very different jazz singers. Both Dorough and Frishberg represent tongue-in-cheek hipster humor while maintaining excellent musical standards throughout". Track listing "Who's on First" (Dave Frishberg) – 3:43 "Lookin' Good" (Frishberg) – 3:04 "Too Long in L.A." (Frishberg) – 4:22 "You Are There" (Frishberg, Johnny Mandel) – 2:42 Intro: The Underdog – 1:23 "The Underdog" (Frishberg) – 3:45 Intro: Where You At? – 0:27 "Where You At?" (George Handy, Jack Segal) – 3:46 "Health Food Nut" (Bob Dorough, Don Nelson) – 4:12 "Devil May Care" (Dorough) – 3:28 "Nothing Like You" (Dorough, Fran Landesman) – 4:57 "Hong Kong Blues" (Hoagy Carmichael) – 3:20 Intro: I'm Hip – 1:29 "I'm Hip" (Dorough, Frishberg) – 3:59 "At the Saturday Dance" (Dorough, Frishberg) – 5:00 "Conjunction Junction" (Dorough) – 4:13 "Rockin' in Rhythm" (Harry Carney, Duke Ellington, Irving Mills) – 2:53 Personnel Bob Dorough and Dave Frishberg – piano, vocals Bob Blumenthal – liner notes Ruth Price – announcer Burton Yount – art direction, design Gordon H. Jee – creative director Kent Heckman – editing, mixing Kurt Lundvall – mastering Cynthia Levine – photography Mantis Evar – product manager Bill Goodwin – production References 2000 live albums Blue Note Records live albums Vocal jazz albums Vocal duet albums
Who's on First? (album)
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Schoolhouse Rock Live! is a musical with music and lyrics by various artists and a book by George Keating, Scott Ferguson, and Kyle Hall. It is based on the animated musical educational series of short videos titled Schoolhouse Rock! created by David McCall. The plot follows a teacher, Tom, who is nervous for his first day of teaching. When he turns on Schoolhouse Rock!, the characters come alive and help him prepare for his lesson. It features popular songs including "I'm Just a Bill," "Lolly, Lolly, Lolly," "Do The Circulation," "Rufus Xavier Sarsaparilla," "Conjunction Junction," and "The Great American Melting Pot." It premiered at Chicago's Cabaret Voltaire in 1993, directed by Scott Ferguson in a partnership with Theatrebam Chicago. It moved off-Broadway in 1995. Since then, it has been performed by various schools and community theaters. The show is a jukebox musical of sorts because it re-uses songs originally written for Schoolhouse Rock! Songs are composed by Bob Dorough, Dave Frishberg, George Newall, Lynn Ahrens, Kathy Mandry, and Tom Yohe. Productions Original Chicago production Schoolhouse Rock Live! opened at the Cabaret Voltaire in Chicago on August 26, 1993. The production was directed by Scott Ferguson, who also co-wrote the book with Kyle Hall and George Keating and produced by Nina Lynn and assistant produced by Hilerre Kirsch. The choreography was by Kate Swan, Karyn Harrelson and Scott Ferguson. The set design was done by Michael Lapthorn, the costume design by Jennifer Smith, the lighting design by Kenneth Moore, and musical direction by Linda Madonia. It starred Joseph Beal, Dina Joy Byrd, Shulie Cowen, Dori Goldman, George Keating and Thomas Mizer. It ran for a record-breaking eight months. The production transferred to the Body Politic Theater in 1994. It won two After Dark Awards for Outstanding Production and Outstanding Ensemble. After its off-Broadway run ended in 1996, the show moved back to Chicago and performed at the Victory Gardens Theatre and then at The Theatre Building. It finished its run on March 2, 1997. Since then, the show has continued day-time performances at schools and youth organizations in Chicago. Off-Broadway production In June 1995, the production moved to the off-Broadway Atlantic Theatre, and later Lamb's Theatre. It starred Thomas Mizer as Tom and featured George Keating, Dori Goldman, Joseph Beal, Melissa Hartman, Dina Joy Bird, and Amy L. Hansted. The production closed in 1996 after an eleven-month run. National tours After a successful production in Toronto, the show launched a national tour in Indianapolis in September 1997. Troupe America produced two more tours opening in 1999 and 2000. Plot Tom, a young teacher, is preparing for his first day of teaching. As he nervously rehearses what he's going to say, he turns on Schoolhouse Rock! Soon, personifications of his emotions appear. There's George – the romantic facet, Dori – the goofy facet, Shulie – the sweet aspect, Joe – the cool facet, and Dina – the mature facet. They intend to teach him so he's ready for his job. In their
Schoolhouse Rock Live!
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The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (Original Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the Marvel Studios television special The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special, featuring the superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy based on Marvel Comics. It was released by Hollywood Records and Marvel Music on November 23, 2022. The album featured the original score composed by John Murphy, while also includes songs from the Old 97's who also play the fictional alien band in the special. Background John Murphy wrote the score for the special simultaneously while working on Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3. As like previous Guardians of the Galaxy films, Gunn had chosen music for the special "very early". He wrote the lyrics to the opening song "I Don't Know What Christmas Is (But Christmastime Is Here)" and had approached Rhett Miller of the Old 97's to help him compose it, as Gunn has been a fan of the band, since the 1990s. "Here It Is Christmastime", an existing song of the Old 97's, was also used and re-recorded with Kevin Bacon providing vocals for the end of the special. Bacon said "[James] has got such a great ear for needle drops [...] I love this song, it's really hard to write a fresh Christmas song at this point. I started playing it, and I really was having a good time playing it and singing it." Track listing Additional music The track list was revealed by Gunn on November 22, that features the following songs apart from the other original tracks, written for the special. These include: "Fairytale of New York" by the Pogues featuring Kirsty MacColl, "Dead by X-Mas" by Hanoi Rocks, "Christmas Treat" by Julian Casablancas, "Is This Christmas?" by the Wombats, "Just Like Christmas" by Low, "I Want an Alien for Christmas" by Fountains of Wayne, "Christmastime" by the Smashing Pumpkins, "Christmas Wrapping" by the Waitresses, and "Mrs. Claus" by Little Jackie. Unlike the previous Guardians of the Galaxy films, the selected songs were not released as an album. Gunn released a Spotify playlist that consisted all the songs featured in the special and songs from the previous films. Reception The music has been reviewed and analysed by the critics as one of the "positive aspects of the special". Praising the musical tracks picked for the special, Joe George of Den of Geek said "the soundtrack is exactly what you'd expect if you asked your cooler older sibling to make a playlist for your Christmas party. It's a pleasing mix of familiar tracks and deep cuts, effectively balancing downbeat numbers with upbeat songs to make for a good party." "the special's soundtrack is on-brand, forgoing the usual standards for a playlist". Reviewing the score, Shubham Kulkarni of Koimoi wrote "The music by John Murphy combined with the vibrant visuals appropriate for Christmas celebration is such a vibe that you will immediately surrender to it." Commercial performance The Old 97's single "I Don't Know What Christmas Is (But Christmastime Is Here)" debuted at
The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (soundtrack)
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Vector logic is an algebraic model of elementary logic based on matrix algebra. Vector logic assumes that the truth values map on vectors, and that the monadic and dyadic operations are executed by matrix operators. "Vector logic" has also been used to refer to the representation of classical propositional logic as a vector space, in which the unit vectors are propositional variables. Predicate logic can be represented as a vector space of the same type in which the axes represent the predicate letters and . In the vector space for propositional logic the origin represents the false, F, and the infinite periphery represents the true, T, whereas in the space for predicate logic the origin represents "nothing" and the periphery represents the flight from nothing, or "something". Overview Classic binary logic is represented by a small set of mathematical functions depending on one (monadic) or two (dyadic) variables. In the binary set, the value 1 corresponds to true and the value 0 to false. A two-valued vector logic requires a correspondence between the truth-values true (t) and false (f), and two q-dimensional normalized real-valued column vectors s and n, hence: and (where is an arbitrary natural number, and "normalized" means that the length of the vector is 1; usually s and n are orthogonal vectors). This correspondence generates a space of vector truth-values: V2 = {s,n}. The basic logical operations defined using this set of vectors lead to matrix operators. The operations of vector logic are based on the scalar product between q-dimensional column vectors: : the orthonormality between vectors s and n implies that if , and if , where . Monadic operators The monadic operators result from the application , and the associated matrices have q rows and q columns. The two basic monadic operators for this two-valued vector logic are the identity and the negation: Identity: A logical identity ID(p) is represented by matrix . This matrix operates as follows: Ip = p, p ∈ V2; due to the orthogonality of s with respect to n, we have , and similarly . It is important to note that this vector logic identity matrix is not generally an identity matrix in the sense of matrix algebra. Negation: A logical negation ¬p is represented by matrix Consequently, Ns = n and Nn = s. The involutory behavior of the logical negation, namely that ¬(¬p) equals p, corresponds with the fact that N2 = I. Dyadic operators The 16 two-valued dyadic operators correspond to functions of the type ; the dyadic matrices have q2 rows and q columns. The matrices that execute these dyadic operations are based on the properties of the Kronecker product. Two properties of this product are essential for the formalism of vector logic: Using these properties, expressions for dyadic logic functions can be obtained: Conjunction. The conjunction (p∧q) is executed by a matrix that acts on two vector truth-values: .This matrix reproduces the features of the classical conjunction truth-table in its formulation: and verifies and Disjunction.
Vector logic
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The letters of last resort are four identically worded handwritten letters from the prime minister of the United Kingdom to the commanding officers of the four British ballistic missile submarines. They contain orders on what action to take if an enemy nuclear strike has both destroyed the British government and has also killed or otherwise incapacitated both the prime minister and their designated "second person" of responsibility, typically a high-ranking member of the Cabinet such as the deputy prime minister or the first secretary of state. If the orders are carried out, the action taken could be the last official act of His Majesty's Government. If the letters are not used during the term of the prime minister who wrote them, they are destroyed unopened after that person leaves office, so that their content remains unknown to anyone except the issuer. Process A new prime minister writes a set of letters immediately after taking office and being told by the Chief of the Defence Staff "precisely what damage a Trident missile could cause". The documents are then delivered to the submarines in sealed envelopes, and the previous prime minister's letters are destroyed without being opened. In the event of the deaths of both the prime minister and the designated alternative decision-maker as a result of a nuclear strike, the commander(s) of any nuclear submarine(s) on patrol at the time would use a series of checks to ascertain whether the letters of last resort must be opened. According to Peter Hennessy's book The Secret State: Whitehall and the Cold War, the process by which a commander would determine if the British government continues to function includes, amongst other checks, establishing whether BBC Radio 4 continues broadcasting. In 1983, the procedure for Polaris submarines was to open the envelopes if there was an evident nuclear attack, or if all UK naval broadcasts had ceased for four hours. Options While the contents of these letters are secret, according to the December 2008 BBC Radio 4 documentary The Human Button, there were four known options given to the prime minister to include in the letters. The prime minister might instruct the submarine commander to: retaliate with nuclear weapons; not retaliate; use their own judgement; or, place the submarine under an allied country's command, if possible. The documentary mentions Australia and the United States. The Guardian reported in 2016 that the options are said to include: "Put yourself under the command of the United States, if it is still there", "Go to Australia", "Retaliate", or "Use your own judgement". The actual option chosen remains known only to the writer of the letter. Fiction David Greig's 2012 play The Letter of Last Resort deals with the consequences and paradoxes of the letters. The play was first staged in February 2012 as a part of a cycle of plays on "The Bomb" at the Tricycle Theatre in London, directed by Nicolas Kent, with Belinda Lang playing the role of the incoming prime minister and Simon Chandler, her
Letters of last resort
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The blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is a semipermeable anatomical interface that consists of the specialized small blood vessels that surround the spinal cord. While similar to the blood–brain barrier in function and morphology, it is physiologically independent and has several distinct characteristics. The BSCB is involved in many disorders affecting the central nervous system, including neurodegenerative diseases, pain disorders, and traumatic spinal cord injury. In conjunction with the blood–brain barrier, the BSCB contributes to the difficulty in delivering drugs to the central nervous system, which makes drug targeting of the BSCB an important goal in pharmaceutical research. Anatomy and physiology The primary function of the BSCB is to protect the spinal cord from potentially toxic substances within the blood while still delivering necessary molecules to maintain spinal cord activities. The BSCB consists of endothelial cells, a basal membrane, pericytes, and astrocytic endfeet. The endothelial cells have highly exclusionary tight junctions that prohibit most molecules from passing between cells and form specialized capillaries that, unlike capillaries in the periphery, lack fenestrations, have more mitochondria, and contain limited endocytic vesicles. The lack of fenestrations and endocytic vesicles reflects the restricted transcellular flow, while the increased number of mitochondria contributes to a high metabolic rate in these endothelial cells. Surrounding the BSCB capillaries is a basal membrane (also called the basal lamina) that contains pericytes. The basal membrane is formed and maintained by all cell types in the BSCB and contributes to the cytoskeletal morphology of the endothelial cells, which affects the integrity of tight junctions and, by extension, the BSCB. Pericytes are microcirculatory cells that, in the BSCB, regulate the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of endothelial cells. Finally, astrocytes within spinal cord tissue extend endfoot processes that surround the outer surface of the capillaries. Astrocytes are critically important for developing and maintaining the neuroprotective mechanisms of BSCB endothelial cells. They release secretory compounds that influence the phenotype of endothelial cells and express aquaporin and potassium channels that help regulate ion concentration and fluid volume within the spinal cord. The anatomy of the BSCB is very similar to the anatomy of the blood–brain barrier (BBB); however many key differences exist between the two that affect both the maintenance of healthy tissue and development of pathophysiology within the central nervous system (CNS). In general, the BSCB is more permeable than the BBB, largely due to the relatively low expression of tight junction proteins like ZO-1 and occludin. For example, mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, crosses BSCB endothelium more readily than it does BBB endothelium. Cytokines are also able to pass through the BSCB with more ease, making it more vulnerable to disruption and inflammation relative to the BBB. This vulnerability to disruption leaves the spinal cord susceptible to toxins that can inflict tissue damage. Susceptibility to toxins is already increased in BSCB endothelium through the relative downregulation of the critical efflux protein p-glycoprotein, thus slowing elimination of the toxins that penetrate the barrier. Overall, the differences between the BSCB and the BBB result in vulnerability
Blood–spinal cord barrier
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In mathematics, an inequation is a statement that an inequality holds between two values. It is usually written in the form of a pair of expressions denoting the values in question, with a relational sign between them indicating the specific inequality relation. Some examples of inequations are: In some cases, the term "inequation" can be considered synonymous to the term "inequality", while in other cases, an inequation is reserved only for statements whose inequality relation is "not equal to" (≠). Chains of inequations A shorthand notation is used for the conjunction of several inequations involving common expressions, by chaining them together. For example, the chain is shorthand for which also implies that and . In rare cases, chains without such implications about distant terms are used. For example is shorthand for , which does not imply Similarly, is shorthand for , which does not imply any order of and . Solving inequations Similar to equation solving, inequation solving means finding what values (numbers, functions, sets, etc.) fulfill a condition stated in the form of an inequation or a conjunction of several inequations. These expressions contain one or more unknowns, which are free variables for which values are sought that cause the condition to be fulfilled. To be precise, what is sought are often not necessarily actual values, but, more in general, expressions. A solution of the inequation is an assignment of expressions to the unknowns that satisfies the inequation(s); in other words, expressions such that, when they are substituted for the unknowns, make the inequations true propositions. Often, an additional objective expression (i.e., an optimization equation) is given, that is to be minimized or maximized by an optimal solution. For example, is a conjunction of inequations, partly written as chains (where can be read as "and"); the set of its solutions is shown in blue in the picture (the red, green, and orange line corresponding to the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd conjunct, respectively). For a larger example. see Linear programming#Example. Computer support in solving inequations is described in constraint programming; in particular, the simplex algorithm finds optimal solutions of linear inequations. The programming language Prolog III also supports solving algorithms for particular classes of inequalities (and other relations) as a basic language feature. For more, see constraint logic programming. Combinations of meanings Usually because of the properties of certain functions (like square roots), some inequations are equivalent to a combination of multiple others. For example, the inequation is logically equivalent to the following three inequations combined: See also Apartness relation — a form of inequality in constructive mathematics Equation Equals sign Inequality (mathematics) Relational operator References Elementary algebra Mathematical terminology
Inequation
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"Hands" is a song by American singer Jewel, released as the first single from her second studio album, Spirit (1998). Jewel wrote the song following an incident in which she considered stealing a sundress after getting fired from various jobs due to kidney troubles, and she decided that her hands were better suited to writing songs than stealing clothes. Written as one of the last songs for the album, the lyrics express how the smallest decisions have the power to make change. A piano-driven ballad, the song was serviced to American radio stations on October 7, 1998, ahead of its planned release date in mid-October due to a radio leak in Dallas, Texas. No commercial single was issued in the United States, and the singles that were issued internationally received the album version. The radio edit can be found only on promos for the single. Even without a physical US release, the song reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and the video peaked atop VH1's Top 20 Countdown. "Hands" also reached number one in Canada for one week and peaked within the top 30 in Australia, the Netherlands, and New Zealand. A "Christmas" version of the song appears on Joy: A Holiday Collection. Background In 2002, Jewel elaborated on the song's origin. Before she wrote "Hands", she experienced kidney troubles that prevented her from working, and as a result, she was fired from several successive jobs, sending her into poverty. She began to shoplift food but worried she would begin to steal more expensive items. One day, she noticed a sundress in a shop window and went inside to try it on, planning to steal it. However, when she noticed the price tag, she decided against it. She explained: Jewel quickly left the store, leaving the dress behind, and began to write "Hands" soon afterwards, referring to her own hands that would function better writing songs than stealing dresses. It was one of the final tracks written and recorded for Spirit. The central lyrics that developed into the complete song were, "If you watch what your hands are doing, you can see where your life is going to go." Composition and lyrics Ilana Kaplan of The New York Times has described "Hands" as a ballad. The album version is three minutes and fifty-four seconds long while the radio edit is three minutes and forty-seven seconds. According to the digital sheet music published at Musicnotes, the song is written in cut time () in the key of F minor with a moderate tempo of 68 beats per minute. The lyrics of "Hands" say that all people have the power to make their own decisions and change their lives for the better as long as they keep watch on what their hands are doing. It is also about how the smallest actions can cause a difference. Jewel explained, "I knew if I could tell the world, my hands are so little, how can they have impact on the world?
Hands (Jewel song)
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In Boolean functions and propositional calculus, the Sheffer stroke denotes a logical operation that is equivalent to the negation of the conjunction operation, expressed in ordinary language as "not both". It is also called non-conjunction, or alternative denial (since it says in effect that at least one of its operands is false), or NAND ("not and"). In digital electronics, it corresponds to the NAND gate. It is named after Henry Maurice Sheffer and written as or as or as or as in Polish notation by Łukasiewicz (but not as ||, often used to represent disjunction). Its dual is the NOR operator (also known as the Peirce arrow, Quine dagger or Webb operator). Like its dual, NAND can be used by itself, without any other logical operator, to constitute a logical formal system (making NAND functionally complete). This property makes the NAND gate crucial to modern digital electronics, including its use in computer processor design. Definition The non-conjunction is a logical operation on two logical values. It produces a value of true, if — and only if — at least one of the propositions is false. Truth table The truth table of is as follows. Logical equivalences The Sheffer stroke of and is the negation of their conjunction By De Morgan's laws, this is also equivalent to the disjunction of the negations of and Alternative notations and names Peirce was the first to show the functional completeness of non-conjunction (representing this as ) but didn't publish his result. Peirce's editor added ) for non-disjunction. In 1911, was the first to publish a proof of the completeness of non-conjunction, representing this with (the Stamm hook) and non-disjunction in print at the first time and showed their functional completeness. In 1913, Sheffer described non-disjunction using and showed its functional completeness. Sheffer also used for non-disjunction. Many people, beginning with Nicod in 1917, and followed by Whitehead, Russell and many others, mistakenly thought Sheffer has described non-conjunction using , naming this the Sheffer Stroke. In 1928, Hilbert and Ackermann described non-conjunction with the operator . In 1929, Łukasiewicz used in for non-conjunction in his Polish notation. An alternative notation for non-conjunction is . It is not clear who first introduced this notation, although the corresponding for non-disjunction was used by Quine in 1940,. History The stroke is named after Henry Maurice Sheffer, who in 1913 published a paper in the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society providing an axiomatization of Boolean algebras using the stroke, and proved its equivalence to a standard formulation thereof by Huntington employing the familiar operators of propositional logic (AND, OR, NOT). Because of self-duality of Boolean algebras, Sheffer's axioms are equally valid for either of the NAND or NOR operations in place of the stroke. Sheffer interpreted the stroke as a sign for nondisjunction (NOR) in his paper, mentioning non-conjunction only in a footnote and without a special sign for it. It was Jean Nicod who first used the stroke as a sign for non-conjunction (NAND) in a paper
Sheffer stroke
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In linguistics, the term conjunct has three distinct uses: A conjunct is an adverbial that adds information to the sentence that is not considered part of the propositional content (or at least not essential) but which connects the sentence with previous parts of the discourse. Rare as it may be, conjuncts may also connect to the following parts of the discourse. It was raining. Therefore, we didn’t go swimming. It was sunny. However, we stayed inside. You are such a dork. Still, I love you from the bottom of my heart. A conjunct is one of the terms that are conjoined in a conjoining construction. Conjuncts are conjoined by means of a conjunction, which can be coordinating, subordinating or correlative. Conjuncts can be words, phrases, clauses, or full sentences. [Gretchen and her daughter] bought [motor oil, spark plugs, and dynamite]. Take two of these and call me in the morning. A verb form, for example the conjunct verb endings of Old Irish or the conjunct mood (sometimes called the subjunctive mood) of Algonquian languages. This article discusses the first kind of conjunct. Semantic functions English conjuncts often have the following functions Listing (indicating that what follows is a list of propositions) To begin with, I have to tell you that I'm most displeased with your performance in the show. I also think you did a bad job painting the house. You're a lousy cook. You smell. Your hat is ... etc. Enumerative (indicating items on a list of propositions) First, we have to buy bread. Second, we need to take the car to the garage. Third, we have to call your dentist and make an appointment. Additive (indicating that the content of the sentence is in addition to the preceding one) He has no money. In addition, he has no means of getting any. Summative (summing up, or concluding, on the preceding sentence(s)) A is B. A is C. To sum up, A is several things. Appositive (rephrasing the preceding sentence) The French love music. In other words, music is appreciated in France. Resultative/inferential (indicating that the content of the sentence is a result of the events expressed in the preceding sentence) Miss Gold lost her job. She, therefore, had no money. Antithetic (indicating that the content of the sentence is in contrast to the content of the preceding sentence) It is said that water flows up hill. On the contrary, it flows downhill Concessive (indicating that the content of the sentence "exists" despite the content in the preceding sentence) It is very cold. I went for my morning walk, however. Temporal (indicating temporal relation between the content of the sentence and the preceding sentence) I had lunch. Meanwhile, my wife had her hair cut. See also Disjunct Syntactic entities
Conjunct
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IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) is a set of specifications to offer multimedia services through IP protocol. This makes it possible to incorporate all kinds of services, such as voice, multimedia and data, on an accessible platform through any Internet connection (fixed or mobile). IMS's origin Initially defined by 4G.IP (a set of companies belonging the telecommunications sector), it was 4G (3rd Generation Partnership Project) who definitively adopted the definition of IMS as a part of the standardization 4G system in networks UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), specified in Release 5 and 6. Architecture It can be divided into three layers: Application Where there are AS (Application Servers), the MRF (Media Resource Function) and a HSS (Home Subscriber Server). The AS used the SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) for the signaling, used in establishing multimedia sessions, such as audio and video calls over Internet. The services offered by the telephony operators are hosted and run on AS. A HSS is similar devices to the HLR of GSM technology, where the user´s credentials are stored. Control Formed by different subsystems among which is IMS core. Other important devices in this layer are the CSCF (Call Session Control Function), which includes three subsystems: P-CSCF (Proxy CSCF), S-CSCF (Serving CSCF) and I-CSCF (Interrogating CSCF). These subsystems are the responsible, basically, of: processing and routing the signaling; to control the resources of the transport subsystem, to register and authenticate users; provisioning IMS services by diverting signaling application servers in question and to generate billing records. The MRF (Media Resources Function) provides functions related to media, such as the manipulation of the media and the reproduction of tones and announcements. Each MRF divides into a MRFC (Media Resources Function Controller) and a MRFP (Media Resources Function Processor). The MRFC is a signaling plane node that interprets the information coming from an AS and S-CSCF to control the MRFP. The MRFP is a node of the plane of the media, is used to mix the source or process media streams. Transport Composed by the UE (User Equipment), the access network, the NASS (Network Attachment Subsystem) and the RACS (Resource Admission Control Subsystem). The transport of network is performed using either IPv6 or IPv4, allowing QoS's implementation, integrated security, autoconfiguration… Security Having seen a little of what is IMS and the devices that act, we enter IMS specifications relating to security. From the point of view of the standardization, only exists a mechanism of authentication and access control, specified in the TS 33.203 of 3GPP (Access Security for IP-Based Services) and commonly called AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement). However, there are many other mechanisms for authentication and access control, defined to meet the needs of inherited terminals and to enable faster deployment. The most common are: Early IMS 3GPP for mobile access. They are those that IMS deployments in advance for your time are not entirely compatible with the specifications so that the security mechanisms are not applicable. Examples include IPv4 based implementations as 2G devices. Digest authentication of TISPAN
IMS security
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A ureteric balloon catheter is a balloon catheter intended for treating strictures of the ureter. In fact it is a double J stent on which a balloon is mounted. It is connected to a delivery device (pusher) to introduce it from the bladder into the ureter. The system comprises a non-return valve device, and a pusher with a stylet and two ports. The side port is for injecting contrast agent to inflate the balloon, while the straight port is for the guidewire. The catheter has a relatively large-diameter central lumen and a shaft of 2 mm (6 Fr.). The balloon is in two sections: a long narrow section or shaft and a larger cranial bulb. The larger cranial bulb prevents distal migration, while the longer narrow section maintains the increased diameter of a predilated stricture in the ureter section. Stent placement and removal A guide wire has to be placed in the ureter. After dilatation of the ureteric stricture with a high pressure dilatation balloon the guidewire remains in place to bring in the ureteric balloon catheter. The balloon is inflated by an injection of contrast medium via side port of the pusher and remains in situ while the expanded urothelium heals. The stylet is used to detach the balloon catheter from the pusher. During the healing process urine drains through the wide central lumen while the balloon remains inflated. The ureteric balloon catheter may be used in conjunction with a double J stent for additional drainage. To remove the catheter after several weeks the balloon is deflated by snipping the distal end of the catheter. The catheter can then safely be pulled out. Indications The ureteric balloon catheter is intended to cure two major types of diseases: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (also called UPJ obstruction or Pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction PUJO) caused by intrinsic wall factors as fibrosis and / or hypertrophic wall problems. and Brickers bladder (also called Ileal conduit) problems. Up to 10% of patients who undergo ileal conduit urinary diversion may go on to develop ureteroileal anastomotic stenosis. This can lead to obstructive symptoms as side pain, infection and finally deterioration in renal function which can be relieved by the treatment with this balloon catheter. An intervention according to this Overtoom procedure is significantly less invasive than the alternative treatments. The balloon is not intended to be used in case of obstructions by stones or malignancies. References Further reading Having a Ureteric Stent - What to Expect and How to Manage. Authors: Mr. H. B. Joshi (Specialist Registrar in Urology, Cambridge. Formerly Research Registrar at Bristol Urological Institute), N. Newns (Staff Nurse), Mr. F. X. Keeley Jr. (Consultant Urologist), Mr. A. G. Timoney (Consultant Urologist), Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-trym, Bristol BS10 5NB More information on ureteric balloon catheters. Catheters Urology Urologic surgery Urologic procedures
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B. B. & Q. Band (which stands for the Brooklyn, Bronx, and Queens Band), was an Italian-American post-disco band, which formed in 1979 and disbanded in 1987. Overview The background The B. B. & Q. Band was a studio concept created in 1979 by the businessman Jacques Fred Petrus. After the success with Change in 1980, and also with Macho and the Peter Jacques band in the late 1970s, Petrus and his close co-worker Italian Mauro Malavasi decided to launch a new project, named after the three boroughs in New York City that the band members came from. Fred Petrus pulled several musicians together of which New York session bassist Paris Ford (credited as Peewee Ford) and his musicians became the band. The successful debut The self-titled debut album on Capitol provided several melodies of which Malavasi wrote all except one. The biggest hit single was "On the Beat", which reached No. 8 on the US Billboard Black Singles chart. Also "Time for Love" (#72 on the same chart) mixed a melody with vocals by the lead singer, Ike Floyd. After the debut, Petrus invited guitarist Kevin Robinson, a former member of the band Kinky Fox that he had met already in 1980, to lead the band. The new line-up included Chielli Minucci, Kevin Nance, and Tony Bridges and for the first time B. B. & Q. band had a more defined role as a band. Second and third albums The second album release was 1982's All Night Long (#32 on Billboard 's Black Albums chart), which included "All Night Long (She's Got the Moves I Like)" (#32 on Billboard 's Hot Dance Club Play list), "Imagination" (#21 on Billboard 's Black Singles list) and "Children of the Night" (uncharted). In 1983 Six Million Times hit the market with influences from The Time and Prince. Petrus faced serious economical problems in 1983, and Six Million Times was produced with a tiny budget during five weeks in Bologna. The album did not become a commercial success and Capitol dropped the band. Finale By 1985 Petrus had fixed a contract with Elektra Records, and B. B. & Q. Band was back on track with their last album Genie, including minor hits like the title track "Genie" and "Dreamer". Kae Williams, a former Breakwater member hired by Petrus, wrote all tracks and co-produced the LP in conjunction with Petrus. The album also showed early examples of Curtis Hairston's voice when Petrus invited him to be the new lead singer. The album sold rather well, especially in Europe, but in 1987 the B. B. & Q. Band ended when Petrus was murdered. "Genie" was released on different labels. In the U.S. "Dreamer" was released as a B-side (with "On the Shelf" as A-side") on the label in Your Face, which was a sublabel of Pretty Pearl Records. Meanwhile, the album "Genie" and accompanying singles "Dreamer" and "Genie" were all released on Pretty Pearl Records/Elektra Records. Both Pretty Pearl Records and Elektra Records logos were
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Juxtaposition is an act or instance of placing two elements close together or side by side. This is often done in order to compare/contrast the two, to show similarities or differences, etc. Speech Juxtaposition in literary terms is the showing contrast by concepts placed side by side. An example of juxtaposition are the quotes "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country", and "Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate", both by John F. Kennedy, who particularly liked juxtaposition as a rhetorical device. Jean Piaget specifically contrasts juxtaposition in various fields from syncretism, arguing that "juxtaposition and syncretism are in antithesis, syncretism being the predominance of the whole over the details, juxtaposition that of the details over the whole". Piaget writes: In grammar, juxtaposition refers to the absence of linking elements in a group of words that are listed together. Thus, where English uses the conjunction and (e.g. mother and father), many languages use simple juxtaposition ("mother father"). In logic, juxtaposition is a logical fallacy on the part of the observer, where two items placed next to each other imply a correlation, when none is actually claimed. For example, an illustration of a politician and Adolf Hitler on the same page would imply that the politician had a common ideology with Hitler. Similarly, saying "Hitler was in favor of gun control, and so are you" would have the same effect. This particular rhetorical device is common enough to have its own name, Reductio ad Hitlerum. Mathematics In algebra, multiplication involving variables is often written as a juxtaposition (e.g., for times or for five times ), also called implied multiplication. The notation can also be used for quantities that are surrounded by parentheses (e.g., or for five times two). This implicit usage of multiplication can cause ambiguity when the concatenated variables happen to match the name of another variable, when a variable name in front of a parenthesis can be confused with a function name, or in the correct determination of the order of operations. In mathematics, juxtaposition of symbols is the adjacency of factors with the absence of an explicit operator in an expression, especially for commonly used for multiplication: denotes the product of with , or times . It is also used for scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication, function composition, and logical and. In numeral systems, juxtaposition of digits has a specific meaning. In geometry, juxtaposition of names of points represents lines or line segments. In lambda calculus, juxtaposition denotes function application. In physics, juxtaposition is also used for "multiplication" of a numerical value and a physical quantity, and of two physical quantities, for example, three times would be written as and "area equals length times width" as . Arts Throughout the arts, juxtaposition of elements is used to elicit a response within the audience's mind, such as creating meaning from the contrast. In music, it is an abrupt change of elements, and is
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The Lomography Lomo'Instant Square Glass is an Instax analog camera made by Lomography. It uses Instax Square and Mini instant film. When introduced in January 2018, it was "the first analog camera to shoot square Instax film." Details The Lomography Lomo'Instant Square Glass has an automatic shutter speed / aperture mode, and a bulb mode. Automatic mode adjusts shutter speed, aperture and flash output to suit its surroundings. Automatic mode will use an aperture range of to ; and a shutter speed ranging from as fast as 1/250 s to as slow as 8 s. Bulb mode allows the shutter to be manually held open for up to 30 s. Focusing is manual, with three zone focus ranges able to be selected: 0.8 m, 1–2.5 m, and infinity. The switch is reset to the 1–2.5 m range each time the camera is opened. The camera has a built-in 95 mm (45 mm equivalent) prime lens, with a closest focusing distance of 0.8 m. "The lens is glass, a step up from the plastic lenses you get with all Fujifilm and some Lomography instant cameras." The following lens attachments can be screwed onto the front of the camera: Wide-Angle Glass Lens Attachment – works in conjunction with the camera's built-in lens to give ? mm (21 mm equivalent) with a 91.5° converted angle of view and a closest focusing distance of 0.5 m Portrait Glass Lens Attachment / Self-Portrait Glass Lens Attachment – lens attachment for shortening the closest focusing distance to 0.5 m. It has a flash which is on by default, but can be switched off. The flash has a guide number of 9 (metres). The viewfinder is offset from the picture taking lens, thus parallax must be taken into account. The viewfinder has a semi-opaque mask covering a portion of it, intended to help framing when the subject is at the camera's closest focus range. Reception Reviewers have criticised the camera's viewfinder. Jack Rear, reviewing the camera in The Daily Telegraph, wrote "I found close-ups hard to get right, because the viewfinder isn’t good enough to make a good distinction between where something is and where it looks like it is." Dan Bracaglia, reviewing the camera for Digital Photography Review, wrote that "the viewfinder is small, imprecise and confusingly masked, making accurate compositions a lottery in the 0.8 - 2 m (2 - 6.6 ft) focus range." A review in Wired commented that "the Lomo'Instant Square has an off-center viewfinder that's far, far away from the long lens. It's tricky to frame shots up just right, and you'll need to mentally compensate for parallax to make sure your subject is where you want it." See also Instant camera List of Instax cameras and printers Notes References External links Products introduced in 2018 Instant cameras
Lomography Lomo'Instant Square Glass
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How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence is a 2018 book by Michael Pollan. It became a No. 1 New York Times best-seller. How to Change Your Mind chronicles the long and storied history of psychedelic drugs, from their turbulent 1960s heyday to the resulting counter culture movement and backlash. Through his coverage of the recent resurgence in this field of research, as well as his own personal use of psychedelics via a "mental travelogue", Pollan seeks to illuminate not only the mechanics of the drugs themselves, but also the inner workings of the human mind and consciousness. The book received many positive reviews, and Netflix released a documentary based upon it in 2022. Structure The book is organized into six chapters with an epilogue: A Renaissance Natural History: Bemushroomed History: The First Wave Travelogue: Journeying Underground The Neuroscience: Your Brain on Psychedelics The Trip Treatment: Psychedelics in Psychotherapy Promotion Pollan has been interviewed concerning the book on popular podcasts such as The Tim Ferriss Show, The Kevin Rose Show and The Joe Rogan Experience. Reception How to Change Your Mind received many positive reviews. The New York Times Book Review named How to Change Your Mind one of the best books of 2018. Kevin Canfield of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote: "In 'How to Change Your Mind', Pollan explores the circuitous history of these often-misunderstood substances, and reports on the clinical trials that suggest psychedelics can help with depression, addiction and the angst that accompanies terminal illnesses. He does so in the breezy prose that has turned his previous booksthese include The Omnivore's Dilemma and Cooked, the inspiration for his winning Netflix documentaries of the same nameinto bestsellers." Jacob Sullum of the libertarian magazine Reason gave the book a generally positive review, but faulted Pollan for criticizing Timothy Leary's self-promotion without allocating blame to the politicians and journalists who shut down the promising scientific study of psychedelics. Writing in New York magazine, conservative journalist Andrew Sullivan praised How to Change Your Mind as "astounding." How to Change Your Mind received two positive reviews from Vox. Ezra Klein described it as "one of the most mind-expanding books I have read this year." Sean Illing said that Pollan "describe[s] what it's like to take psychedelics. But beyond that, he also walks the reader through the history of these drugs and surveys the latest research into their therapeutic potential. It's a sprawling book that is likely to change how you think not just about psychedelic drugs but also about the human mind." Mark Rozzo reviewed How to Change Your Mind in Columbia magazine. He wrote that the book "offers a convincingly grown-up case for the potential of drugs that, having survived decades of vilification, now seem poised to revolutionize several fields, from mental health to neuroscience." Oliver Burkeman wrote of the book in The Guardian: "How to Change Your Mind is Pollan's sweeping and often thrilling chronicle of the
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"No justice, no peace" is a political slogan which originated during protests against acts of ethnic violence against African Americans. Its precise meaning is contested. The slogan was used as early as 1986, following the killing of Michael Griffith by a mob of youths. History Linguist Ben Zimmer writes that use of the slogan "No justice, no peace" during protests goes back as far as the 1986 killing of Michael Griffith. Griffith, a Trinidadian immigrant, and three friends, all black, were assaulted by a mob of white youths in the Howard Beach, Queens, New York City. Griffith fled the attackers onto a nearby highway, where he was fatally struck by a passing car. In 2014, civil-rights activist Al Sharpton recounted: "In the midst of the protest, someone yelled the slogan, 'No justice, no peace'. Others began doing the same, and from then on I adopted it as a rallying cry each and every time a grave miscarriage of justice has befallen the disenfranchised." Other sources suggest that the phrase was actually popularized by activist Robert "Sonny" Carson, who is quoted on February 12, 1987 as stating, "'No justice! No peace!' [...] 'No peace for all of you who dare kill our children if they come into your neighborhood...We are going to make one long, hot summer out here...get ready for a new black in this city!," while the New York Times reported on July 6, 1987: "'No justice, no peace,' said Mr. Carson repeatedly in what he said he hopes will emerge as the rallying cry for his cause." Carson appears to have used the phrase conditionally . The phrase appears even earlier on a painting by Jean-Michel Basquiat, Created Equal, in 1984.. The 1992 Los Angeles riots are remembered for the use of the slogan, which expressed collective frustration with the existing political order. The slogan is paraphrased in the song Baltimore by Prince. Conditional or conjunctive The meaning of "no justice, no peace" may change between conditional and conjunctive depending on the speaker. In the conditional interpretation, the slogan is rendered as an "if-then" statement, which implies that peaceful action is impossible without justice, and which urges citizens to demonstrate against injustice even if doing so results in violence. Ben Zimmer writes that during the 1980s and '90s, No justice, no peace' was unequivocally understood as conditional, not conjunctive", such as in a 1988 statement by lawyer Ron Kuby before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Criminal Justice: After the 2014 shooting of Tamir Rice, journalist Glen Ford wrote: By contrast, in the conjunctive interpretation, one is stating that neither peace or justice can exist without the other. After the acquittal in the Trayvon Martin murder case, the chaplain of the University of Pennsylvania said, "A lack of justice has resulted in a lack of peace", "Heavy hearts now lack peace because of the lack of justice in our nation", and "No peace because of no justice." Sharpton writes, No justice, no peace' [...] is a way
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Sandra Blakeslee (born 1943) is an American science correspondent of over four decades for The New York Times and science writer, specializing in neuroscience. Together with neuroscientist V. S. Ramachandran, she authored the 1998 popular science book Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind. Biography Blakeslee is the third member of her family to specialize in science writing; her grandfather Howard W. Blakeslee wrote for the Associated Press, and was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for Reporting in 1937, and her father, Alton L. Blakeslee, also wrote for the AP. Sandra Blakeslee was raised in Port Washington, New York. She attended Northwestern University for two years, before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley, where she majored in political science, graduating in 1965. She then joined the Peace Corps, serving in Sarawak, Borneo, where she taught elementary school. Blakeslee started at the New York Times United Nations bureau and city desk in 1967, before moving to the science desk in 1968. She later began writing for the Times on contract. In the 1980s, she began to specialize in neuroscience. She co-authored a series of books on marriage and divorce with psychologist Judith Wallerstein. Starting in 1995, Blakeslee began hosting a writing workshop with fellow Times writer George Johnson at the Santa Fe Institute, which awarded her a journalism fellowship in 2013. Blakeslee lives in Santa Fe. She has two children and five grandchildren. Her son, Matt Blakeslee, is also a science writer, and her co-author on the 2007 book The Body Has a Mind of Its Own: How Body Maps in Your Brain Help You Do (Almost) Everything Better. Her daughter, Abi Blakeslee Kelleher, is a clinical psychologist. Books You Don't Have to Live with Cystitis! How to Avoid It—And What to Do About It (1986) with Larry Gillespie Second Chances: Men, Women and Children a Decade After Divorce (1989) with Judith Wallerstein The Good Marriage: How and Why Love Lasts (1995) with Judith S. Wallerstein Helping Your Kids Cope with Divorce the Sandcastles Way (1998) with Patricia Romanowski Bashe and Judith S. Wallerstein Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind (1998) with V. S. Ramachandran The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: The 25 Year Landmark Study (2001) with Judith Wallerstein and Julia M. Lewis What About the Kids?: Raising Your Children Before, During and After Divorce (2003) On Intelligence: How a New Understanding of the Brain will Lead to the Creation of Truly Intelligent Machines (2004) with Jeff Hawkins The Body Has a Mind of Its Own: How Body Maps in Your Brain Help You Do (Almost) Everything Better (2007) with Matthew Blakeslee Sleights of Mind: What the Neuroscience of Magic Reveals about Our Everyday Deceptions (2010) with Stephen L. Macknik and Susana Martinez-Conde References External links Archived stories at the New York Times Archived stories at Scientific American The New York Times journalists American science writers American psychology writers UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni Place of birth missing (living
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"Bless Your Heart" is a song made famous by country music singer Freddie Hart, and was the title track to Hart's 1972 album. The song was his third No. 1 song on the country chart. Country music writer Tom Roland wrote that the homonymy of Hart's last name ("Hart" and "heart") and the use of a common phrase ("bless your heart") in the lyrics provided the basis for the song, which is about a man who - despite his failings and feelings of unworthiness - expresses deep gratitude that his wife still loves him. As the song grew in popularity, wrote Roland, Hart's fans "began saying it more and more in conjunction with (Hart) on stage." Charts See also [ Allmusic — Bless Your Heart] References 1972 singles Freddie Hart songs Songs written by Freddie Hart Songs written by Jack Grayson
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In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated or ) is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses that are called the conjuncts of the conjunctions. That definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, and so what constitutes a "conjunction" must be defined for each language. In English, a given word may have several senses, and be either a preposition or a conjunction depending on the syntax of the sentence. For example, after is a preposition in "he left after the fight" but is a conjunction in "he left after they fought". In general, a conjunction is an invariable (non-inflected) grammatical particle that may or may not stand between the items conjoined. The definition of conjunction may also be extended to idiomatic phrases that behave as a unit with the same function, "as well as", "provided that". A simple literary example of a conjunction is "the truth of nature, and the power of giving interest" (Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Biographia Literaria). A conjunction may be placed at the beginning of a sentence: "But some superstition about the practice persists." Separation of clauses Commas are often used to separate clauses. In English, a comma is used to separate a dependent clause from the independent clause if the dependent clause comes first: After I fed the cat, I brushed my clothes. (Compare this with I brushed my clothes after I fed the cat.) A relative clause takes commas if it is non-restrictive, as in I cut down all the trees, which were over six feet tall. (Without the comma, this would mean that only the trees more than six feet tall were cut down.) Some style guides prescribe that two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) must be separated by a comma placed before the conjunction. In the following sentences, where the second clause is independent (because it can stand alone as a sentence), the comma is considered by those guides to be necessary: Mary walked to the party, but she was unable to walk home. Designer clothes are silly, and I can't afford them anyway. Don't push that button, or twelve tons of high explosives will go off right under our feet! In the following sentences, where the second half of the sentence is not an independent clause (because it does not contain an explicit subject), those guides prescribe that the comma be omitted: Mary walked to the party but was unable to walk home. I think designer clothes are silly and can't afford them anyway. However, such guides permit the comma to be omitted if the second independent clause is very short, typically when the second independent clause is an imperative, as in: Sit down and shut up. The above guidance is not universally accepted or applied. Long coordinate clauses are nonetheless usually separated by commas: She had very little to live on, but she would never have dreamed of taking what was not hers. A comma between clauses may
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Israel Horovitz (March 31, 1939 – November 9, 2020) was an American playwright, director, actor and co-founder of the Gloucester Stage Company in 1979. He served as artistic director until 2006 and later served on the board, ex officio and as artistic director emeritus until his resignation in November 2017 after The New York Times reported allegations of sexual misconduct. Horovitz wrote more than 70 plays, many of which were translated and performed in various languages. He was the founder of the New York Playwrights Lab, and his best-known plays include Line, Park Your Car in Harvard Yard, and The Indian Wants the Bronx. Horovitz also had a film career, with notable works including the 1982 film Author! Author! and the 2014 film My Old Lady. Throughout his career, he received numerous awards and recognitions for his work in theatre and film. However, he faced multiple sexual assault and harassment accusations from women associated with his theatre companies. Early life and career Horovitz was born to a Jewish family in Wakefield, Massachusetts, the son of Hazel Rose (née Solberg) and Julius Charles Horovitz, a lawyer. At age 13, he wrote his first novel, which was rejected by Simon & Schuster but complimented for its "wonderful, childlike qualities." At age 17, he wrote his first play, entitled The Comeback, which was performed at nearby Suffolk University. He worked as a taxi driver, a stagehand and an advertising executive before having his first success in the theatre with his play The Indian Wants the Bronx, which featured two yet-undiscovered future film stars: John Cazale and Al Pacino. The play premiered in 1966 at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center in Waterford, Connecticut. Pacino and Cazale starred; it was the first of six collaborations between them. The play was then staged in conjunction with the playwright's It's Called the Sugar Plum and directed by James Hammerstein as the opening production of the new off-Broadway Astor Place Theatre, where it opened on January 17, 1968 and ran for 177 performances. Following his debut, about which The New York Posts Jerry Tallmer wrote "Welcome, Mr. Horovitz," Random House published a collection of four of his plays, entitled First Season (1968). Horovitz wrote two novels: Cappella (Harper and Row) and Guignol's Legacy (Three Rooms Press); a novella, Nobody Loves Me (Les Editions de Minuit); and a collection of poetry, Heaven and Others Poems (Three Rooms Press). His memoir, Un New-Yorkais a Paris (Grasset), was published in France in 2011. Theatre career Horovitz wrote more than 70 produced plays, many of which have been translated and performed in more than 30 languages worldwide. Among Horovitz's best-known plays are Line (a revival of which opened in 1974 and is NYC's longest-running play, closing in 2018 after 43 years of continuous performance at Off-Off-Broadway's 13th Street Repertory Theatre), Park Your Car in Harvard Yard, The Primary English Class, The Widow's Blind Date, What Strong Fences Make, and The Indian Wants the Bronx, for which he won the Obie Award for
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And/or is an English grammatical conjunction used to indicate that one or more (or even all) of the cases it connects may occur. It is used as an inclusive or (as in logic and mathematics), because saying "or" in spoken language (or writing "or") might be inclusive or exclusive. The construction has been used in official, legal and business documents since the mid-19th century, and evidence of broader use appears in the 20th century. It has been criticized as both ugly in style and ambiguous in legal documents. Many style guides recommend against it. Alternatives Two alternatives have been proposed. The first is to (for just two items) replace and/or with "x or y or both." The second is to simply choose which of and or or to use. Mutual exclusivity The word or does not entail mutual exclusivity by itself. The word either can be used to convey mutual exclusivity. "When using either as a conjunction, [it can be applied] to more than two elements in a series." Thus, appropriately indicates that the choices are mutually exclusive. If the function of or is clear from the context, it is not necessary to use either as a conjunction: Criticism References on English usage strongly criticize the phrase as "ugly" and "Janus-faced". William Strunk, Jr., and E.B. White, in their classic The Elements of Style, say and/or is "A device, or shortcut, that damages a sentence and often leads to confusion or ambiguity". Roy H. Copperud, in A Dictionary of Usage and Style, says that the phrase is "Objectionable to many, who regard it as a legalism". Legal criticism The phrase has come under criticism in both American and British courts. Judges have called it a "freakish fad", an "accuracy-destroying symbol", and "meaningless". In a Wisconsin Supreme Court opinion from 1935, Justice Fowler referred to it as "that befuddling, nameless thing, that Janus-faced verbal monstrosity, neither word nor phrase, the child of a brain of someone too lazy or too dull to know what he did mean". The Kentucky Supreme Court has said it was a "much-condemned conjunctive-disjunctive crutch of sloppy thinkers". Finally, the Florida Supreme Court has denounced the use of "and/or", stating ...we take our position with that distinguished company of lawyers who have condemned its use. It is one of those inexcusable barbarisms which were sired by indolence and damned by indifference, and has no more place in legal terminology than the vernacular of Uncle Remus has in Holy Writ. I am unable to divine how such senseless jargon becomes current. The coiner of it certainly had no appreciation for terse and concise law English. Other authorities point out that it is usually quite unambiguous and can be the most efficient way to indicate the inclusive or in some contexts. Kenneth Adams, lecturer at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, and Alan S. Kaye, professor of linguistics at California State University, write, "It does, after all, have a specific meaning—X and/or Y means X or Y or both."
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Frederick Earl "Shorty" Long (May 20, 1940 – June 29, 1969) was an American soul singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer for Motown's Soul Records imprint. He was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in 1980. Career Long was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and came to Motown in 1963 from the Tri-Phi/Harvey label, owned by Berry Gordy's sister, Gwen, and her husband, Harvey Fuqua. His first release, "Devil with the Blue Dress On" (1964), written with William "Mickey" Stevenson, was the first recording issued on Motown's Soul label, a subsidiary designed for more blues-based artists such as Long. While this song never charted nationally, the song was covered and made a hit in 1966 by Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels. Long's 1966 single "Function at the Junction" was his first popular hit, reaching No. 42 on the US Billboard R&B chart. Other single releases included "It's a Crying Shame" (1964), "Chantilly Lace" (1967), and "Night Fo' Last" (1968). Long's biggest hit was "Here Comes the Judge" which in July 1968 reached No. 4 on the R&B chart and No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was inspired by a comic act on Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In about a judge by Pigmeat Markham, whose own "Here Comes the Judge" – a similar song with different lyrics – charted three weeks after Long's, also in July 1968, and reached No. 19 on Billboard. Long's 1969 singles included "I Had a Dream" and "A Whiter Shade of Pale". He released one album during his lifetime, Here Comes the Judge (1968). Long played many instruments, including piano, organ, drums, harmonica, and trumpet. He acted as an MC for many of the Motortown Revue shows and tours, and co-wrote several of his tunes ("Devil with the Blue Dress On", "Function at the Junction", and "Here Comes the Judge"). Long was the only Motown artist besides Smokey Robinson who was allowed to produce his own recordings in the 1960s. Marvin Gaye, in David Ritz's biography Divided Soul: The Life & Times of Marvin Gaye, described Shorty Long as "this beautiful cat who had two hits, and then got ignored by Motown." Gaye claimed he "fought for guys like Shorty" while at Motown, since no one ever pushed for these artists. When Holland-Dozier-Holland came to Gaye with a tune, he stated, "Why are you going to produce me? Why don't you produce Shorty Long?" Death On June 29, 1969, Long and a friend drowned when their boat crashed on the Detroit River in Michigan. Stevie Wonder played the harmonica at his burial, and placed it on his casket afterwards. Writer Roger Green's epitaph stated: "So there endeth the career of a man who sang what he wanted to sing – everything from the blues to romantic ballads, from wild and crazy numbers to a utopian vision of Heaven on Earth. Short in stature but big in talent, he entertained and amazed us, and finally he inspired us." Motown released Long's final album,
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Hamley Bridge is a community in South Australia located at the junction of the Gilbert and Light rivers, as well as the site of a former railway junction. Named by the government of the day, in honour of the Acting Governor of South Australia Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Gilbert Hamley, whose wife, Lady Edith Hamley laid the foundation stone of the River Light Railway Bridge on 25 July 1868. This bridge carries the Peterborough railway line over the Light River. Other settlements in the area had commenced in the early 1860s, and it was not until 1868 that the junction of the two rivers came under notice as a possible site for a township. Railway The Peterborough railway line was built from a new junction at Roseworthy (north of Gawler on what was then the Morgan railway line) to Tarlee during 1868. A bridge was required over the River Light. The bridge was long and high, in two spans on stone abutments and a cast iron cylindrical pier in diameter. This bridge was replaced in 1925 in conjunction with the works to convert the narrow gauge line to broad gauge, despite this bridge already being broad gauge. Elevation is . Break of gauge difficulty The original railway through the town was . In 1880, a junction at Balaklava on the narrow gauge Port Wakefield railway line created the Balaklava railway line through Owen to meet the broad gauge line at Hamley Bridge. This was built to , so Hamley Bridge was a break of gauge station rather than a junction. A new railway station was established a few hundred metres north of the original in 1880 and was at first known as Alma Railway Station. The stone building, occupied as a private residence today, represents the fine architecture of the era and is heritage listed along with the signal box and water tanks, and two of the bridges over the River Light. As Hamley Bridge is only from the capital and major port, this break of gauge soon became a sore point, leading lobbying over decades to extend the narrow gauge all the way to the capital and that port. Trains reaching Hamley Bridge may have travelled from Oodnadatta, thus illustrating the poor design of this break of gauge. The break of gauge at Hamley Bridge was very cramped and poorly sited due to rivers, bridges, gradients and curves, which were difficult to improve upon. There were also shunting delays and a shortage of trucks. A counter proposal to ease congestion at the inadequate facilities at the Hamley Bridge break of gauge was to shift the break of gauge northwards to Balaklava, was strongly opposed. Alternately, the break of gauge may have been moved northwards to Owen Hamley Bridge ceased to be a break of gauge station in 1927 when narrow gauge lines as far north as Gladstone were converted to broad gauge, Gladstone becoming a break of gauge station in lieu. 24-hour per day operation was made possible by the installation
Hamley Bridge, South Australia
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"Just Fine" is a song by American singer Mary J. Blige. It was written by Blige, Terius "The-Dream" Nash, Jazze Pha and Tricky Stewart for her eighth studio album, Growing Pains (2007), while production was helmed by Pha and Stewart. It was released as the album's lead single on October 16, 2007. The song peaked at number 22 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 16 on the UK Singles Chart, while also topping the US Hot Dance Club Play chart. The song also appeared on the 2008 compilation album Now That's What I Call Music! 27 Critically acclaimed, "Just Fine" was nominated in the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance category at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards, held February 2008, as well as the Grammy for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical at the 51st Grammy Awards in February 2009. In addition, the song was ranked 41st on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007. Background "Just Fine" was written by Mary J. Blige along with The-Dream, Jazze Pha and Tricky Stewart, while production was helmed by Pha and Stewart, with Kuk Harrell serving as a vocal producer. Initially presented as an incomplete song to Blige, Nash, Pha, and Stewart finished much of the "upbeat" dance pop song within 24 hours. It became one of the first songs which Blige recorded for parent album Growing Pains and would set much of the tone for the remaining material. Blige commented on the sound of the song: "When I heard the beat, I was like, 'OK, this is hot. This is making my body move, and I'm having fun." A cheerful, feel-good jam "about uplifting yourself and having hope for your future, whatever your future is," Blige tried to "make the song about how I appreciate the good days I do have and where I'm at right now, even though I still have challenges." In a 2007 interview with MTV News, she further elaborated: "That song was written based on me having a good day. You know, I can have 20 bad days. I can have as many bad days as anyone. But I choose to say, "I'm just fine." Right now. So it's OK to have those days. So instead of coming with something ungrateful to the universe, how about I come with something first that's says, 'You know what? It's OK. Enjoy this day if you're having a great day." Critical reception "Just Fine" earned generally positive reviews from music critics. Da'Shan Smith from uDiscoverMusic found that "there can’t be a wedding, office party, cookout, or family reunion function without hearing this gem from Mary [...] Channeling the funk groove of Marvin Gaye and the disco beat of Michael Jackson circa Off the Wall, "Just Fine" is a quintessential throwback party anthem." Alexis Petridis from The Guardian wrote: "Blige in gleeful party-starting mode, complete with opening get-on-the-dancefloor monologue. "Just Fine"s rhythm track was apparently inspired by Michael Jackson’s "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough." Its sparse-but-urgent sound and
Just Fine
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In mathematics, a Boolean function is a function whose arguments and result assume values from a two-element set (usually {true, false}, {0,1} or {-1,1}). Alternative names are switching function, used especially in older computer science literature, and truth function (or logical function), used in logic. Boolean functions are the subject of Boolean algebra and switching theory. A Boolean function takes the form , where is known as the Boolean domain and is a non-negative integer called the arity of the function. In the case where , the function is a constant element of . A Boolean function with multiple outputs, with is a vectorial or vector-valued Boolean function (an S-box in symmetric cryptography). There are different Boolean functions with arguments; equal to the number of different truth tables with entries. Every -ary Boolean function can be expressed as a propositional formula in variables , and two propositional formulas are logically equivalent if and only if they express the same Boolean function. Examples The rudimentary symmetric Boolean functions (logical connectives or logic gates) are: NOT, negation or complement - which receives one input and returns true when that input is false ("not") AND or conjunction - true when all inputs are true ("both") OR or disjunction - true when any input is true ("either") XOR or exclusive disjunction - true when one of its inputs is true and the other is false ("not equal") NAND or Sheffer stroke - true when it is not the case that all inputs are true ("not both") NOR or logical nor - true when none of the inputs are true ("neither") XNOR or logical equality - true when both inputs are the same ("equal") An example of a more complicated function is the majority function (of an odd number of inputs). Representation A Boolean function may be specified in a variety of ways: Truth table: explicitly listing its value for all possible values of the arguments Marquand diagram: truth table values arranged in a two-dimensional grid (used in a Karnaugh map) Binary decision diagram, listing the truth table values at the bottom of a binary tree Venn diagram, depicting the truth table values as a colouring of regions of the plane Algebraically, as a propositional formula using rudimentary Boolean functions: Negation normal form, an arbitrary mix of AND and ORs of the arguments and their complements Disjunctive normal form, as an OR of ANDs of the arguments and their complements Conjunctive normal form, as an AND of ORs of the arguments and their complements Canonical normal form, a standardized formula which uniquely identifies the function: Algebraic normal form or Zhegalkin polynomial, as a XOR of ANDs of the arguments (no complements allowed) Full (canonical) disjunctive normal form, an OR of ANDs each containing every argument or complement (minterms) Full (canonical) conjunctive normal form, an AND of ORs each containing every argument or complement (maxterms) Blake canonical form, the OR of all the prime implicants of the function Boolean formulas can also be displayed as a
Boolean function
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Maryland Route 710 (MD 710) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Ordnance Road, the state highway runs from MD 2 in Glen Burnie east to MD 173 in Brooklyn Park at the city limits of Baltimore. MD 710 provides access to the Defense Logistics Agency Curtis Bay Depot, a unit of the General Services Administration. The state highway is named for the federal site's prior use as a U.S. Army Depot. MD 710 was constructed in the early 1940s and relocated for most of its length concurrent with the construction of MD 10 in the early 1970s. Route description MD 710 begins at an intersection with MD 2 (Governor Ritchie Highway) surrounded by four shopping centers in Glen Burnie. The roadway continues west as county-maintained West Ordnance Road. MD 710 heads east as a four-lane divided highway and meets MD 10 (Arundel Expressway) at a partial cloverleaf interchange. Beyond MD 10, the state highway curves to the northeast, crosses a branch of Furnace Creek, and reduces to a two-lane undivided road. MD 710 passes the Anne Arundel County Correctional Center, a U.S. Army Reserve Center, and the Defense Logistics Agency Curtis Bay Depot. The state highway curves east and has a grade crossing of CSX's Curtis Bay Branch underneath Interstate 695 (I-695, Baltimore Beltway). MD 710's eastern terminus is at an intersection with MD 173 (Pennington Avenue/Hawkins Point Road) in Brooklyn Park at the city limits of Baltimore. History MD 710 was constructed as a concrete road in 1942 to connect the Curtis Bay Ordnance Depot with MD 173 and MD 2. The highway originally followed what is now MD 711 east from MD 2. Beyond MD 711, the highway headed east through the site of MD 10's interchange with I-695 to what is now the U.S. Army Reserve Center, then followed its present alignment to MD 173. MD 710 was relocated to its present course, including the divided highway segment, in 1972 in conjunction with the construction of MD 10. Junction list See also References External links MDRoads: MD 710 MD 710 at AARoads.com 710 Maryland Route 710
Maryland Route 710
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David Adam Javerbaum (born 1971) is an American comedy writer and lyricist. Javerbaum has won 13 Emmy Awards in his career, 11 of them for his work on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. He runs the popular Twitter account @TheTweetOfGod, which at its peak had 6.2 million followers. The account was the basis for his play An Act of God, which opened on Broadway in the spring of 2015 starring Jim Parsons, and again in the spring of 2016 starring Sean Hayes. The play has gone on to receive over 100 productions in 20 countries and 11 languages. Work Javerbaum was hired as a staff writer with The Daily Show with Jon Stewart in 1999. He was promoted to head writer in 2002 and became an executive producer at the end of 2006. His work for the program won 11 Emmy Awards, a Grammy Award, three Peabody Awards and Television Critics Association Awards for both Best Comedy and Best News Show. He was also one of the three principal authors of the show's textbook parody America (The Book): A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction, which sold 2.6 million copies and won the 2005 Thurber Prize for American Humor. He became a consulting producer at the start of 2009 and spearheaded the writing of the book's 2010 sequel, Earth (The Book): A Visitor's Guide to the Human Race; his co-production of the audiobook earned the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Spoken-Word Album. He left the show in 2010. In 2013 he was hired by Fusion to create and executive-produce two news-parody shows, No, You Shut Up! and Good Morning Today, in conjunction with The Henson Company. In 2015 he worked as a producer for The Late Late Show with James Corden on CBS. In 2016 Javerbaum co-created the Netflix sitcom Disjointed with Chuck Lorre. He was also a consulting producer and one of three writers on Lorre's 2018 Netflix show The Kominsky Method. As of 2020 he is co-Executive Producer of the upcoming revival of Beavis and Butt-Head for Comedy Central. Javerbaum's other work includes serving as head writer and supervising producer for both Comedy Central's first-ever Comedy Awards and The Secret Policeman's Ball 2012, writing and producing the original musical-comedy pilot Browsers for Amazon in 2013, and writing three episodes for the 2011 relaunch of Beavis and Butt-Head. He wrote for the Late Show with David Letterman from 1998 to 1999. Books In addition to co-writing the two Daily Show books he is the sole author of three: the 2009 pregnancy satire What to Expect When You're Expected: A Fetus's Guide to the First Three Trimesters; 2011's The Last Testament: A Memoir by God, in conjunction with which he created @TheTweetOfGod; and, also as "God", The Book of Pslams: 97 Divine Diatribes on Humanity's Total Failure, which was published in April 2022 by Simon & Schuster. He also co-authored Neil Patrick Harris's 2014 memoir, The Choose Your Own Autobiography of Neil Patrick Harris. Javerbaum graduated from Harvard University. While
David Javerbaum
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Howard Harris (February 15, 1912 – March 22, 1986) was a comedy writer whose credits included Copacabana (1947) starring Groucho Marx and Carmen Miranda (), The Jackie Gleason Show, You Bet Your Life with Groucho Marx, Gilligan's Island, Petticoat Junction, and other popular television shows. Howard Harris was born in New York City, and attended Fordham University School of Law for two years which, according to his family, he hated. The summer before his third and final year he got a job writing humorous anecdotes about celebrities for a trade publication. After that experience he dropped out of law school and started writing comedy for radio for Joe Penner and Fred Allen, among others, according to one account from his family. Before the Second World War, Harris moved to Hollywood where he was considered one of the hottest comedy writers around, according to his wife Marion Harris Linden. In 1943 he was a screenwriter for Higher and Higher starring Frank Sinatra (see ). In 1947 he was a co-writer for Alfred E. Green's Copacabana. Also in 1947 Harris wrote the story for a comedy called Linda Be Good, according to the Internet Movie Database (). IMDb also reports that Harris was a writer for The Noose Hangs High (), which starred Abbott and Costello. Harris migrated to television and back to New York where he became a comedy writer in 1952 for The Jackie Gleason Show in which he helped to write a segment which featured Gleason as a loud-mouthed, Brooklyn bus driver known as Ralph Kramden. That segment later became the seed for the comedy series, The Honeymooners. In 1953 Harris wrote or co-wrote 14 episodes of "The Honeymooners" skits that aired within "The Jackie Gleason Show." While in New York City in 1953, Harris appeared as a guest on What's My Line?, hosted by John Charles Daly and produced by Mark Goodson and Bill Todman. The celebrity panel failed to identify Harris as "Jackie Gleason's Gag Writer." That episode is available for viewing at The Museum of Television & Radio () in New York City. Harris returned to Hollywood where he wrote a pilot episode for a half-hour show called Bozo the Clown, starring William Bendix (that episode also can be viewed at The Museum of Television & Radio ). In the early 1950s, Harris joined Groucho Marx again as a writer for the archetypal comedy game show, You Bet Your Life, produced by John Guedel. Harris, who joined the show in its second or third year, continued to write gags for Groucho for more than five years. Later in the mid-1960s Harris wrote for Gilligan's Island and Petticoat Junction. During his later years Harris continued to write gags but had trouble selling his work as younger comedy writers got television work, leaving older writers like Harris behind. On October 8, 1939, Harris married his first wife, Jeanne Nan Gidding, in New York. Their two children were Stephen Gidding Harris and Amy Lynn Harris. Amy Lynn Harris died
Howard Harris (writer)
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Cell adhesion is the process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface. This process can occur either through direct contact between cell surfaces such as cell junctions or indirect interaction, where cells attach to surrounding extracellular matrix, a gel-like structure containing molecules released by cells into spaces between them. Cells adhesion occurs from the interactions between cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs), transmembrane proteins located on the cell surface. Cell adhesion links cells in different ways and can be involved in signal transduction for cells to detect and respond to changes in the surroundings. Other cellular processes regulated by cell adhesion include cell migration and tissue development in multicellular organisms. Alterations in cell adhesion can disrupt important cellular processes and lead to a variety of diseases, including cancer and arthritis. Cell adhesion is also essential for infectious organisms, such as bacteria or viruses, to cause diseases. General mechanism CAMs are classified into four major families: integrins, immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, cadherins, and selectins. Cadherins and IgSF are homophilic CAMs, as they directly bind to the same type of CAMs on another cell, while integrins and selectins are heterophilic CAMs that bind to different types of CAMs. Each of these adhesion molecules has a different function and recognizes different ligands. Defects in cell adhesion are usually attributable to defects in expression of CAMs. In multicellular organisms, bindings between CAMs allow cells to adhere to one another and creates structures called cell junctions. According to their functions, the cell junctions can be classified as: Anchoring junctions (adherens junctions, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes), which maintain cells together and strengthens contact between cells. Occluding junctions (tight junctions), which seal gaps between cells through cell–cell contact, making an impermeable barrier for diffusion Channel-forming junctions (gap junctions), which links cytoplasm of adjacent cells allowing transport of molecules to occur between cells Signal-relaying junctions, which can be synapses in the nervous system Alternatively, cell junctions can be categorised into two main types according to what interacts with the cell: cell–cell junctions, mainly mediated by cadherins, and cell–matrix junctions, mainly mediated by integrins. Cell–cell junctions Cell–cell junctions can occur in different forms. In anchoring junctions between cells such as adherens junctions and desmosomes, the main CAMs present are the cadherins. This family of CAMs are membrane proteins that mediate cell–cell adhesion through its extracellular domains and require extracellular Ca2+ ions to function correctly. Cadherins forms homophilic attachment between themselves, which results in cells of a similar type sticking together and can lead to selective cell adhesion, allowing vertebrate cells to assemble into organised tissues. Cadherins are essential for cell–cell adhesion and cell signalling in multicellular animals and can be separated into two types: classical cadherins and non-classical cadherins. Adherens junctions Adherens junctions mainly function to maintain the shape of tissues and to hold cells together. In adherens junctions, cadherins between neighbouring cells interact through their extracellular domains, which share a conserved calcium-sensitive region in their extracellular domains. When this region comes into contact with
Cell adhesion
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Paranormality: Why we see what isn't there is a 2011 book about the paranormal by psychologist and magician Richard Wiseman. Wiseman argues that paranormal phenomena such as psychics, telepathy, ghosts, out-of-body experiences, prophesy and more do not exist, and explores why people continue to believe, and what that tells us about human behavior and the way the brain functions. Wiseman uses QR codes throughout the book, which link to YouTube videos as examples and as experiments the reader can participate in to further explain the phenomena. Because of a cautious American publishing market, it was only available in America through Kindle. Paranormality was awarded the Center for Inquiry's Robert P. Balles award for 2011. Contents Interviewed by Swoopy for the Skepticality podcast, Wiseman stated the book has a high impact on readers because it is interactive. Surveying paranormal books before writing Paranormality, Wiseman asked himself what about these books engages the readers. "It's all about you, it's about your brain, it's about your behavior, it's about your beliefs". ... "getting people involved and finding out yourself". One reason the title of the book does not instantly reveal if it is supportive or skeptical of the paranormal is that they wanted it to appeal to people interested in the paranormal. The goal was to be clear that believers are not stupid, that anyone can fall for this kind of stuff, and "Hey here are some fun things you can try". Wiseman felt there was no single volume of work that could be handed to someone who wanted to learn about skepticism so he wrote Paranormality. Interviewer Kylie Sturgess asked Wiseman if the book was something he had been meaning to write for some time, as there is "so much in it". Wiseman replied that it was something that he pitched over fifteen years prior but he could not find "the right angle on it". Finally, he decided that he could write it in a way that it was not a debunking book. He told Sturgess that researching the paranormal tells us a lot about the brain and how we can be deceived. For example, he talks about people who claim they are being attacked by a ghost or an entity when they are starting to wake up; this information tells us a lot about sleep. Suggestibility, he says, also plays an important role when studying the paranormal. The book has many tests the reader can take to discover how suggestible they are. The "underlying theme of the book" is how easily people are fooled when they don't have "the scientific method at your fingertips." Wiseman says that the chapter in the book where he explains psychic tricks is the most controversial; psychics "don’t want people to know that stuff." He stresses that it "would be a huge shift" if people contacted consumer affairs organizations asking for the evidence of these paranormal claims. Reception Astronomer and friend of Wiseman, Phil Plait reviewed the book on his Discover Magazine blog, and encouraged anyone
Paranormality (book)
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Innexins are transmembrane proteins that form gap junctions in invertebrates. Gap junctions are composed of membrane proteins that form a channel permeable to ions and small molecules connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. Although gap junctions provide similar functions in all multicellular organisms, it was not known what proteins invertebrates used for this purpose until the late 1990s. While the connexin family of gap junction proteins was well-characterized in vertebrates, no homologues were found in non-chordates. Innexins or related proteins are widespread among Eumetazoa, with the exception of echinoderms. Discovery Gap junction proteins with no sequence homology to connexins were initially identified in fruit flies. It was suggested that these proteins are specific invertebrate gap junctions, and they were thus named "innexins" (invertebrate analog of connexins). They were later identified in diverse invertebrates. Invertebrate genomes may contain more than a dozen innexin genes. Once the human genome was sequenced, innexin homologues were identified in humans and then in other vertebrates, indicating their ubiquitous distribution in the animal kingdom. These homologues were called "pannexins" (from the Greek pan - all, throughout, and Latin nexus - connection, bond). However, increasing evidence suggests that pannexins do not form gap junctions unless overexpressed in tissue and thus, differ functionally from innexins. Structure Innexins have four transmembrane segments (TMSs) and, like the vertebrate connexin gap junction protein, innexin subunits together form a channel (an "innexon") in the plasma membrane of the cell. Two innexons in apposed plasma membranes can form a gap junction. Innexons are made from eight subunits, instead of the six subunits of connexons. Structurally, innexins and connexins are very similar, consisting of 4 transmembrane domains, 2 extracellular and 1 intracellular loop, along with intracellular N- and C-terminal tails. Despite this shared topology, the protein families do not share enough sequence similarity to confidently infer common ancestry. Pannexins are similar to innexins and are usually considered a sub-group, but they do not participate in the formation of gap junctions and the channels have seven subunits. Vinnexins, viral homologues of innexins, were identified in polydnaviruses that occur in obligate symbiotic associations with parasitoid wasps. It was suggested that vinnexins may function to alter gap junction proteins in infected host cells, possibly modifying cell-cell communication during encapsulation responses in parasitized insects. Function Innexins form gap junctions found in invertebrates. They also form non-junctional membrane channels with properties similar to those of pannexons. N-terminal- elongated innexins can act as a plug to manipulate hemichannel closure and provide a mechanism connecting the effect of hemichannel closure directly to apoptotic signal transduction from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment. The vertebrate homolog pannexin do not form gap junctions. They only form the hemichannel "pannexons". These hemichannels can be present in plasma, ER and Golgi membranes. They transport Ca2+, ATP, inositol triphosphate and other small molecules and can form hemichannels with greater ease than connexin subunits. Transport reaction The transport reactions catalyzed by innexin gap junctions is: Small molecules (cell 1 cytoplasm) ⇌ small molecules (cell 2 cytoplasm) Or
Innexin
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LittleBigPlanet Karting is a kart racing video game developed by United Front Games and San Diego Studio, in conjunction with series creators Media Molecule for the PlayStation 3. It is the fifth game of the LittleBigPlanet franchise, and the third LittleBigPlanet game to be released on the console. The game was published by Sony Computer Entertainment and was released in November 2012. Gameplay LittleBigPlanet Karting is a racing game in which the players race against each other in a go-kart across a variety of themed tracks, with the primary purpose to come in first place. Throughout the course of the race, players can pick up weapons that have special abilities such as projectiles, heat-seeking projectiles, EMPs, and grenades. The player can use these weapons to attack and slow down competitors. Weapons can be fired both forwards and backwards and can even cancel out seeker missiles when fired in reverse. Players can also pick up boost items such as Autopilot and Fast Forward. Karting includes LittleBigPlanet 2'''s grappling hook mechanic during races. Players are required to grapple across large expanses, climbing through the environment to progress and occasionally even finding elevated shortcuts. Players have the ability to reach out and slap somebody, stunning racers who get too close.Karting has an emphasis on modes unlike traditional circuit racing, like Battle Mode, Waypoint Races, Treasure Hunts, Score Attacks and more. The Battle Mode, an eight player arena battle, whereby players fight it out in an arena style vehicular combat match, is where players can pick up weapons like seeker missiles in the arena and use them to hit other players and earn points. As with most other games in the LittleBigPlanet series, user-generated content plays a pivotal role in the game's gameplay style using the series' "Play, Create, Share" motto. Users can customize their Sackboy as well as their karts and create their own tracks, which may extend to having genres other than just racing. The track editor allows users to adjust and create their own game rules, weapons, and tracks, and subsequently share them online through the PlayStation Network for other users to download and play. If the default AI is bothersome, users are able to tweak that as well. All tracks and modes have asynchronous multiplayer, even those tracks made by users. Create modeLittleBigPlanet Karting features a level editor, similar to the ModNation Racers editor. LittleBigPlanet Karting's create mode uses the same concept of LittleBigPlanet, featuring a menu similar to LittleBigPlanet's popit menu to access objects and materials, plus other tools. It also features Play, Rewind, and Undo options to test your creations, undo an unwanted action, or redo something that you accidentally undid. You can choose "Create Track and Arena" from your popit menu to create an arena or track, and also specify what texture(s) you want the track to be made out of. Terrain allows you to create lakes, ditches, and landforms in complex shapes, plus change the terrain material. The Tools Bag contains themes, sound effects, music, and
LittleBigPlanet Karting
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The Rescue is the first studio album by contemporary Christian-rock musician Adam Cappa, released on March 13, 2012 by BEC. Critical reception CCM Magazine'''s Matt Conner said "there's a tenderness and authenticity that accompanies Adam Cappa's label debut that prevents the adult contemporary pop sound from becoming too familiar. The sounds on The Rescue are nothing new but Cappa's heart for his maker and his message are impossible to resist." Christian Music Zine's Joshua Andre wrote the album "it’s hard for new artists to release a debut album with ticks in all the right boxes; however Adam Cappa in my opinion is a lyricist and a singer for the ages. From the strengths of his debut, I am sure he will go far in the Christian music industry, and I’ll be eagerly anticipating his subsequent albums! Adam, your album is a gem. Well done Jeremy and Andy as well. ‘The Rescue’ is one to savour again and again!" The "favourite tracks" according to Andre are the following: "The Rescue", "All I Really Want", "Washed Over Me", "The Only One", "Only a Glimpse". Cross Rhythms' Tony Cummings said "these aren't simply songs that will sound great on the radio, they'll touch hearts." Indie Vision Music's Jonathan Andre said "ss I listen to this collection of 10 emotive songs, I am convinced that Jesus is the answer. This is an album of clichés and other out-of-left-field moments, and will be an album to savour for the months and years to come." Jesus Freak Hideout's Alex "Tincan" Caldwell wrote about this effort that it is "like the fresh-faced contestants on American Idol, who may sincerely sing pop songs sanded smooth for mass consumption, you can't help but root for Cappa to succeed." Louder Than The Music's Jono Davies said "what else can I say apart from this album has ten good pop rock songs, sung by a great vocalist. It's a strong album that is well worth checking out. Don't just take my word for it, have a listen to a few of the stand out tracks and see what you think." Davies wrote that the standout tracks are "All I Really Want", "Sail Away", and "Washed Over Me". New Release Tuesday's Kevin Davis said the album "bears comparison to Cappa’s mentor with its biblically insightful themes and emotionally stirring arrangements. It also brings to mind Passion worship leaders Matt Redman, Kristian Stanfill and Chris Tomlin through subtle European production values and a crystalline singing voice that engages both pop and praise listeners alike."Worship Leader'''s Jason Whitehorn wrote that there is "not a single skippable track on the entire album." Whitehorn noted the "standout gems such as 'The Rescue' and 'Only a Glimpse' that could be easily implemented into your modern worship service and songs like “How Worthy” that are perfect for congregational standards." Track listing Charts Album Singles References External links allmusic page 2012 albums BEC Recordings albums
The Rescue (Adam Cappa album)
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Coders at Work: Reflections on the Craft of Programming () is a 2009 book by Peter Seibel comprising interviews with 15 highly accomplished programmers. The primary topics in these interviews include how the interviewees learned programming, how they debug code, their favorite languages and tools, their opinions on literate programming, proofs, code reading and so on. Interviewees Jamie Zawinski Brad Fitzpatrick For studying Perl he recommends Higher-Order Perl by Mark Jason Dominus. Douglas Crockford Brendan Eich Joshua Bloch Joe Armstrong Simon Peyton Jones Mentions David Turner's paper on S-K combinators (cf. SKI combinator calculus). The S-K combinators are a way of translating and then executing the lambda calculus. Turner showed in his paper how to translate lambda calculus into the three combinators S, K and I which are all just closed lambda terms and I = SKK. So in effect you take a lambda term and compile to just Ss and Ks. Recalls his first instance of learning functional programming when taking a course by Arthur Norman who showed how to build doubly linked lists without any side effects at all. Mentions the paper "Can Programming be Liberated from the von Neumann Style" by John Backus. Wants John Hughes to write a paper for the Journal of Functional Programming on why static typing is bad. Hughes has written a popular paper titled "Why Functional Programming Matters". Mentions a data structure called "zipper" that is a very useful functional data structure. Peyton Jones also mentions the 4-5 line program that Hughes wrote to calculate an arbitrary number of digits of e lazily. Mentions that the sequential implementation of a double-ended queue is a first year undergraduate programming problem. For a concurrent implementation with a lock per node, it's a research paper problem. With transactional memory, it's an undergraduate problem again. Favorite books/authors: Programming Pearls by Jon Bentley, a chapter titled "Writing Programs for 'The Book'" by Brian Hayes from the book Beautiful Code where he explores the problem of determining which side of the line a given point is, Art of Computer Programming by Don Knuth, Purely Functional Data Structures by Chris Okasaki exploring how to build data structures like queues and heaps without side effects and reasonable complexity bounds, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs by Abelson and Sussman, Compiling with Continuations by Andrew Appel, A Discipline of Programming by Dijkstra, Per Brinch Hansen's book about writing concurrent operating systems. Peyton Jones mentions Fred Brook's paper that he reread and liked "The Computer Scientist as Toolsmith". Peter Norvig In 1972/73 when Norvig was still in high school, he found the Knuth algorithm for shuffling cards. The first interesting program that Norvig wrote was Game of Life. Wrote an essay called "Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years". On practical applications of academic concepts, he mentions that part of the problem is that academics do not see the whole problem and another part is education. If you have a bunch of programmers who don't understand what a monad is and haven't taken
Coders at Work
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"Live Your Life" is a song by American rapper T.I., featuring Barbadian singer Rihanna, from T.I.'s sixth studio album, Paper Trail (2008). It was released as the seventh single from the album on September 8, 2008. The song's lyrics speak of T.I.'s rise to fame and optimism of the future. It also gives dedication to the American troops fighting in Iraq. The song both samples and interpolates the 2003 song "Dragostea Din Tei" by O-Zone. "Live Your Life" was a commercial success worldwide. In the United States, the song topped the Billboard Hot 100, marking T.I.'s third number-one single, and Rihanna's fifth. The song also attained top ten placements in twelve other countries, reaching the top five in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Furthermore, "Live Your Life" topped the US Mainstream Top 40 and Rap Songs charts and reached number two on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song was T.I.'s highest charting and most successful single worldwide until "Blurred Lines" in 2013. The song's accompanying music video, directed by Anthony Mandler, depicts a story of T.I.'s rise to fame in a narrated form, featuring Rihanna performing in a dressing room and bar. The duo performed "Live Your Life" at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards. The song is featured in the 2009 film The Hangover as well as the trailer, and in the 2021 film The Mitchells vs. the Machines. Background and release "Live Your Life" includes a sample of the chorus of the O-Zone song "Dragostea Din Tei" at its beginning and ending, as well as an interpolation of the chorus, with English-language lyrics sung by Rihanna, at the beginning. The song was produced by Just Blaze and Makeba Riddick, and was written by T.I., Just Blaze (credited as Justin Smith) and Riddick. Moldovan singer-songwriter Dan Bălan, who wrote "Dragostea Din Tei", is also credited as a writer. Of Rihanna's involvement, T.I. later stated, "It was a back and forth studio thing with Rihanna. I picked her. I was just able to 'hear' her voice on this record. I could hear her, so I reached out and she said, 'Yes,' thankfully." The first unfinished version of "Live Your Life" leaked onto the Internet on August 26, 2008. The official album version additionally contains Rihanna's own verse, and T.I.'s spoken-word introduction, in which he states, "Ay... This a special what's happenin' to all my, all my soldiers over there in Iraq. Errbody right here, what you need to do is be thankful for the life you got you know what I'm sayin'? Stop lookin' at what you ain't got, start and be thankful for what you do got. Let's give it to 'em baby girl". The radio edit lasts for a duration of 4:01, while the album version is 5:39 long, including extended verses from Rihanna. "Live Your Life" was released in the United States on September 23, 2008. A worldwide release of the song followed on September 26 as a digital download via
Live Your Life (T.I. song)
2891157
Rob Schnapf is an American record producer and musician. He was the co-producer (along with Tom Rothrock) of Elliott Smith's albums Either/Or, XO (on which he also played guitar on the song "Baby Britain"), Figure 8 and From a Basement on the Hill, for which he was recruited by Smith's family to complete after Smith's death. Schnapf runs the Mant Sounds studio. Background Schnapf, along with Rothrock and partner Bradshaw Lambert, started Bong Load Custom Records in the early 1990s which is notable for releasing Beck's "Loser" single. Schnapf first heard Beck as he was playing on the street during the annual Sunset Junction Fair. A week later Rothrock saw Beck jump onstage to play in between bands during a show at Jabberjaw and approached him afterwards about recording his songs. Together Rothrock, Schnapf, Beck and Karl Stephenson recorded the bulk of what would become "Loser", and subsequently Mellow Gold, Beck's first major label album. Rothrock and Schnapf would continue to record with Beck working on material for what was intended to be his follow-up to Mellow Gold, a somber acoustic affair meant to silence detractors that claimed he was a one hit wonder joke act. Beck eventually had a change of heart and went on to record Odelay with The Dust Brothers only using one song from the Rothrock/Schnapf sessions, "Ramshackle", as the album closer. Rob and Tom produced the 1993 Dog Society album entitled Test Your Own Eyes. Schnapf later produced Guided By Voices' second of two TVT Records releases; Isolation Drills in 2001 and The Vines debut album Highly Evolved in 2002. In 2003, he produced Saves The Day's album, In Reverie. Also, in 2005, he produced Nine Black Alps' debut album Everything Is. Schnapf has also worked in conjunction with Australian band Powderfinger in the production of their sixth studio album Dream Days at the Hotel Existence. Schnapf produced Brooklyn based artist Kevin Devine's major label debut Put Your Ghost to Rest. Following the success of the partnership Schnapf was also recruited to produce Devine's "Another Bag of Bones" a single released prior to Devine's follow up album. This was followed by work with The Whigs on their debut Mission Control for ATO Records. Schnapf worked with Australian rock band Kisschasy on their third studio album, Seizures and Wild Light's debut for Startime International Records. Schnapf then worked with Booker T. Jones on his Grammy winning Potato Hole album featuring the Drive By Truckers and Neil Young. He also worked with Dr. Dog and Toadies 2010 release of Feeler. Schnapf produced Canadian indie-rock band Tokyo Police Club's 2010 second album Champ. Schnapf is also credited with the creation of the tambourine back beat, and the 3 against 2 vibraslap. He is currently in development of a 1-hour crime drama called the Pope and The Monkey. Production discography 1993: Test Your Own Eyes – Dog Society (Co-producer w/ Tom Rothrock) 1994: Mellow Gold – Beck (co-producer) 1995: Daredevil – Fu Manchu (Co-producer w/ Tom Rothrock and Fu
Rob Schnapf
5141594
New York State Route 134 (NY 134) is a state highway in the western part of Westchester County, New York, in the United States. It begins at an intersection with NY 133 in the village of Ossining and heads northeast to the hamlet of Kitchawan, located adjacent to the New Croton Reservoir in the town of Yorktown. From here, the route turns southeast to reach its east end at a junction with NY 100. The highway passes the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, one of the main research headquarters for IBM, just east of an interchange with the Taconic State Parkway. Taken over by the state of New York between 1908 and 1926, NY 134 was assigned to its current alignment as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. In 1960, in conjunction with construction of the Watson Research Center, an interchange was added to NY 134 for the Taconic. Route description NY 134 begins at an intersection with NY 133 (Croton Avenue) in the village of Ossining, just east of the latter's west end at U.S. Route 9 (North Highland Avenue). The route proceeds northeast as the two-lane Dale Avenue, passing through a residential section of the village and passing Dale Cemetery. Just past the cemetery, the highway changes names to Hawkes Avenue as it leaves the village for other parts of the town of Ossining. The route continues generally northeastward past homes to the vicinity of NY 9A (the Briarcliff–Peekskill Parkway), where NY 134 forks from Hawkes Avenue and begins to parallel NY 9A on Kitchawan State Road, a short connector to nearby Croton Dam Road. Upon intersecting Croton Dam Road, NY 134 turns northward and immediately intersects NY 9A at an at-grade intersection. Past NY 9A, NY 134 heads northeast across the northern fringe of Ossining, climbing uphill as it passes Purdy Pond and crossing into the town of New Castle. Here, the homes gradually diminish in number, with dense woods taking their place. This trend continues into the adjacent town of Yorktown, where NY 134 becomes Kitchawan Road. About from the town line, the highway entering an interchange with the Taconic State Parkway. For a short distance after the interchange, NY 134 becomes four lanes as the road serves IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center. It narrows to two lanes past the facility, from where the highway takes a slightly more easterly track across Yorktown to reach the Kitchawan Preserve on the southern edge of the New Croton Reservoir. At this point, the road makes a turn to the southeast to enter the small hamlet of Kitchawan, located at NY 134's junction with Pines Bridge Road (unsigned County Route 1323 or CR 1323). Pines Bridge Road was once NY 135, and its junction with NY 134 in Kitchawan was NY 135's eastern terminus. From Pines Bridge Road, NY 134 bends southward to run alongside a reservoir inlet connecting to Cornell Brook. After about , the route makes a final turn to the
New York State Route 134
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Yeah Yeah Yeah is a compilation of garage rock recording from the 1960s issued by Arf! Arf! Records, and is available exclusively on compact disc. In keeping with the sub-heading that reads "28 Mega-Manic & Elusive '60s Garage Punkers", the set features mainly upbeat and hard-rocking examples of the genre, whereas Arf! Arf!'s previously released companion piece No No No, focuses instead on moody ballads and downcast songs of lament. In customary fashion, the rear sleeve includes a brash description of the contents contained within: Though large scale success eluded these prophetic '60s combos, consider them the foot soldiers in the Holy War against the establishment. No shit Sherlockthis is the real thing: raw, crude, brutally honest and never to be forgotten. Also included in the packaging is statement much in the same vein that reads "Warning: this product may be addictive and lead to mental deterioration." As is usually the case with Arf! Arf!, the mastering and sound quality is high. Though the set has no liner notes, but it in the inner sleeve it displays a layout of photographs of the original record labels from the original 45s. The front cover features a picture of the Nightrockers who sing "Junction No. 1", which is included in this compilation. The set commences with "I Know How" by the Maniacs, followed by the psychedelic "Down" by the Rockin' Roadruners, which begins with cryptic space-like effects, then transitions into upbeat rock and roll, including a "Paperback Writer"-inspired melody and a bee-sting guitar solo. The Little Bits from Jennings, Louisiana are featured on "Girl, Give Me Love"." The Barons from Orlando supply just enough fuzz to help drive the steam-driven pulse of "Drawbridge. The Hallucinations play the most melodic cut on the set with "You Say You Love Me." Using the motif of UFO's, Alabama's the K-pers use the motif of UFOs to lampoon the cold war in "the Red Invaders," which is followed by a similar flying saucer "caper" done by Young Savages, "The Invaders are Coming"—but in this song the aliens are humans out to steal the first person-narrator's girlfriend. The Rocks perform "Because We're Young, a slow blues protest against the older generation. "Your Driving Me Insane" features one of Lou Reed's earlier pre-Velevets' outings in the Roughnecks. The Friars of Youth appear in two cuts, beginning with 1965's "All You Wanted was a Stand By", followed by a frantic anthem about a go dancer, "a Playboy picture from the pinup page", "Sparrley Manurpuss". The set closes with the Batman riff of "Comin' Down" by the Boy Blues. Track listing The Maniacs: "Now I Know" (Gerry Grossman) The Rockin' Roadrunners: "Down" Little Bits: "Girl Give Me Love" The Contemporaries: "Fool for Temptation" (Doug Allen) Barons: "Drawbridge" Zone V: "I Cannot Lie" Colony: "Pseudo Psycho Intuition" The Shoremen "She's Bad" The Shades: "With My Love" The Mod IV: "What Can I Do" The Barracudas: "It's High Time" The Nightrockers: "Junction No. 1" The Id: "Stop and Look" The Hallucinations: "You
Yeah Yeah Yeah (compilation)
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In linguistics, functional morphemes, also sometimes referred to as functors, are building blocks for language acquisition. A functional morpheme (as opposed to a content morpheme) is a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of a word, rather than supplying the root meaning. Functional morpheme are generally considered a closed class, which means that new functional morphemes cannot normally be created. Functional morphemes can be bound, such as verbal inflectional morphology (e.g., progressive -ing, past tense -ed), or nominal inflectional morphology (e.g., plural -s), or free, such as conjunctions (e.g., and, or), prepositions (e.g., of, by, for, on), articles (e.g., a, the), and pronouns (e.g., she, him, it, you, mine). In English, functional morphemes typically consist of consonants that receive low stress such as /s,z,w,ð/. These phonemes are seen in conjunction with short vowels, usually schwa /ə/. Gerken (1994) points out that functional morphemes are indicators of phrases. So, if the word the appears, a noun phrase would be expected to follow. The same occurs with verb phrases and adjective phrases and their corresponding word endings. Functional morphemes tend to occur at the beginning or end of each phrase in a sentence. The previous example of beginning a noun phrase with the indicates a functional morpheme, as does ending a verb phrase with -ed. Early Language acquisition Children begin to use functional morphemes in their speech as early as two years old. Functional morphemes encode grammatical meaning within words, but children don't outwardly show their understanding of this. Recently, linguistics have begun to discover that children do recognize functional morphemes when it was previously thought otherwise. LouAnn Gerken at the University of Arizona has done extensive research on language development in children. She argues that even though children may not actually produce functional morphemes in speech, they do appear to understand their use within sentences. In English In order to determine if a child does indeed recognize functional morphemes, Gerken conducted an experiment. This experiment was conducted in English and focused on words that were not said, rather than words that were said. She came up with sentences in which weak syllables were used, as well as nonsense (or nonce) words. Variations of the verb pushes was used and then altered to make nonce words like bazes, pusho, and bazo. The second variation used was the noun phrase the dog which was changed to na dep, or some combination of the correct and incorrect words. Through this experiment, Gerken discovered that children tended to not say English function morphemes more than the nonsense words. This is because the actual functional morphemes contained less stress than the nonsense words. Due to the nonsense words containing more stress, children were able to say them more often even though they were not real words in English. One reason why this happens is because functors show an increase in the complexity of sentence structures. So, rather than saying the complex sentences with weakly stressed English words, children tend to say the nonsense sentences more frequently
Functional morpheme
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Asyndeton (, ; from the , "unconnected", sometimes called asyndetism) is a literary scheme in which one or several conjunctions are deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses. Examples include veni, vidi, vici and its English translation "I came, I saw, I conquered". Its use can have the effect of speeding up the rhythm of a passage and making a single idea more memorable. Asyndeton may be contrasted with syndeton (syndetic coordination) and polysyndeton, which describe the use of one or multiple coordinating conjunctions, respectively. More generally, in grammar, an asyndetic coordination is a type of coordination in which no coordinating conjunction is present between the conjuncts. Quickly, resolutely, he strode into the bank. No coordinator is present here, but the conjoins are still coordinated. Asyndetic coordination is the omission of conjunctions between words or phrases that would typically be connected by conjunctions such as "and" or "or." In this sentence, there are no coordinating conjunctions that are omitted. "Quickly" and "resolutely" are simply two adverbs modifying the verb "strode," but they are not being coordinated with each other. Therefore, there is no asyndetic coordination in this sentence. Examples Omission of conjunction "and" Aristotle wrote in his Rhetoric that this device was more effective in spoken oratory than in written prose: "Thus strings of unconnected words, and constant repetitions of words and phrases, are very properly condemned in written speeches: but not in spoken speeches — speakers use them freely, for they have a dramatic effect. In this repetition there must be variety of tone, paving the way, as it were, to dramatic effect; e.g., 'This is the villain among you who deceived you, who cheated you, who meant to betray you completely'". Aristotle, Rhetoric, Book III, Chapter 12 (trans. W. Rhys Roberts). Aristotle also believed that asyndeton can be used effectively in endings of works, and he himself employs the device in the final passage of the Rhetoric: "For the conclusion, the disconnected style of language is appropriate, and will mark the difference between the oration and the peroration. 'I have done. You have heard me. The facts are before you. I ask for your judgement'". Aristotle, Rhetoric, Book III, Chapter 19 (trans. W. Rhys Roberts). Several notable examples can be found in American political speeches: "...and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth". Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address "...that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty." John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address, 20 January 1961. Another frequently used example is Winston Churchill's address, "We shall fight on the beaches": "We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight
Asyndeton
19402494
"Jolly Old Saint Nicholas" is a Christmas song that originated with a poem by Emily Huntington Miller (1833–1913), published as "Lilly's Secret" in The Little Corporal Magazine in December 1865. The song's lyrics have also been attributed to Benjamin Hanby, who wrote a similar song in the 1860s, Up on the Housetop. However, the lyrics now in common use closely resemble Miller's 1865 poem. Some people have also attributed the lyrics to John Piersol McCaskeya song editor and publisher, among other things, at the time. His great-great grandson said McCaskey wrote the song in 1867, and that the "Johnny" mentioned in the song who wants a pair of skates was McCaskey's late son, John, who died as a child. However, there is no known evidence for this. McCaskey's own published 1881 book, Franklin Square Song Collection No. 1, a book in which proper attribution is given to songs' lyricists and composers, does not list himself as having had anything to do with the song. The music is generally believed to have been written by James R. Murray. The first publication of the music was in 1874 in School Chimes, A New School Music Book by S. Brainard's Sons, and attributes the music to him. The 1881 publication by McCaskey gives attribution to the S. Brainard's Sons publication, which would mean Murray. Notable recordings include those by Ray Smith in 1949, Chet Atkins in 1961, Eddy Arnold in 1962, Alvin and the Chipmunks in 1963, Andy Williams in 1995, Anne Murray in 2001, and Carole King in 2017. The Ray Smith 1949 version was revised and rearranged by, and had additional lyrics credited to, songwriter Vaughn Horton. This version was also used for a single release by the Ames Brothers in 1951 and by Wilf Carter for his 1965 Christmas in Canada album. Ray Conniff's version of the song, featured on his 1962 album We Wish You a Merry Christmas, helped propel the album to platinum status, one of two platinum albums in Conniff's career. Lyrics This is the original published song in 1881: Jolly old Saint Nicholas Lean your ear this way; Don't you tell a single soul What I'm going to say, Christmas Eve is coming soon; Now you dear old man, Whisper what you'll bring to me; Tell me if you can. When the clock is striking twelve, When I'm fast asleep, Down the chimney broad and black With your pack you'll creep; All the stockings you will find Hanging in a row; Mine will be the shortest one; You'll be sure to know. Johnny wants a pair of skates; Susy wants a dolly Nellie wants a story book, She thinks dolls are folly As for me, my little brain Isn't very bright; Choose for me, dear Santa Claus, What you think is right. In the Ray Conniff version as part of a medley with The Little Drummer Boy; the list of wishes is changed to "Johnny wants a pair of skates, Susy wants a sled, Nellie wants
Jolly Old Saint Nicholas
179660
In linguistics, function words (also called functors) are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker. They signal the structural relationships that words have to one another and are the glue that holds sentences together. Thus they form important elements in the structures of sentences. Words that are not function words are called content words (or open class words, lexical words, or autosemantic words) and include nouns, most verbs, adjectives, and most adverbs, although some adverbs are function words (like then and why). Dictionaries define the specific meanings of content words but can describe only the general usages of function words. By contrast, grammars describe the use of function words in detail but treat lexical words only in general terms. Since it was first proposed in 1952 by C. C. Fries, the distinguishing of function/structure words from content/lexical words has been highly influential in the grammar used in second-language acquisition and English-language teaching. Overview Function words might be prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, grammatical articles or particles, all of which belong to the group of closed-class words. Interjections are sometimes considered function words but they belong to the group of open-class words. Function words might or might not be inflected or might have affixes. Function words belong to the closed class of words in grammar because it is very uncommon to have new function words created in the course of speech. In the open class of words, i.e., nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs, new words may be added readily, such as slang words, technical terms, and adoptions and adaptations of foreign words. Each function word either: gives grammatical information about other words in a sentence or clause, and cannot be isolated from other words; or gives information about the speaker's mental model as to what is being said. Grammatical words, as a class, can have distinct phonological properties from content words. Grammatical words sometimes do not make full use of all the sounds in a language. For example, in some of the Khoisan languages, most content words begin with clicks, but very few function words do. In English, very few words other than function words begin with the voiced th . English function words may be spelled with fewer than three letters; e.g., 'I', 'an', 'in', while non-function words usually are spelled with three or more (e.g., 'eye', 'Ann', 'inn'). The following is a list of the kind of words considered to be function words with English examples. They are all uninflected in English unless marked otherwise: articles — the and a. In some inflected languages, the articles may take on the case of the declension of the following noun. pronouns — he :: him, she :: her, etc. — inflected in English adpositions — in, under, towards, before, of, for, etc. conjunctions — and and but subordinating conjunctions — if, then, well, however, thus, etc. auxiliary verbs —
Function word
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Periannan Senapathy is a molecular biologist, geneticist, author and entrepreneur. He is the founder, president and chief scientific officer at Genome International Corporation, a biotechnology, bioinformatics, and information technology firm based in Madison, Wisconsin, which develops computational genomics applications of next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) and clinical decision support systems for analyzing patient genome data that aids in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Dr. Senapathy is known for his contributions in genetics, genomics and clinical genomics, especially in the biology of RNA splicing and the split structure of eukaryotic genes. He developed the Shapiro & Senapathy algorithm (S&S) for predicting the splice sites, exons and genes of eukaryotes, which has become the primary methodology for discovering disease-causing mutations in splice junctions. The S&S has been implemented in many gene-finding and mutation detection tools that are used extensively in major clinical and research institutions around the world for uncovering mutations in thousands of patients with numerous diseases, including cancers and inherited disorders. It is increasingly used in the Next Generation Sequencing era, as it is widely realized that >50% of all diseases and adverse drug reactions in humans and other animals possibly occur within the splicing regions of genes. The S&S algorithm has been cited in ~4,000 publications on finding splicing mutations in thousands of cancer and inherited disorders. Dr. Senapathy offered a new hypothesis on the origin of introns, split genes and splice junctions in eukaryotic genes. As the split structure of genes is central to eukaryotic biology, their origin has been a major question in biology. Dr. Senapathy proposed the "split gene theory," which states that the split structure arose due to the origin of split genes from random DNA sequences, and provided tangible evidence from genome sequences of several organisms. He also showed that the splice junctions of eukaryotic genes could have originated from the stop codon ends of the Open Reading Frames (ORFs) in random DNA sequences based on analysis of eukaryotic genomic DNA sequences. Dr. Marshall Nirenberg, the Nobel Laureate who had deciphered codons, communicated the papers to the PNAS. Senapathy has published his other scientific findings in journals including Science, Nucleic Acids Research, PNAS, Journal of Biological Chemistry, and Journal of Molecular Biology, and is the author of several patents in the genomics field. Biography Senapathy has a Ph.D. in molecular biology from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He spent twelve years in genome research for the National Institutes of Health's Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology (NIADDK) and the Laboratory of Statistical and Mathematical Methodology in the Division of Computer Research and Technology (DCRT) in Bethesda, Maryland (1980–87), and the Biotechnology Center and the Department of Genetics of the University of Wisconsin, Madison (1987–91). Dr. Senapathy founded Genome International in 1992 for developing computational biology research, products and services Notable research contributions Dr. Senapathy has provided major contributions in RNA splicing biology, impacting the understanding of the structure, function, and origin of the eukaryotic exons, introns, splice junctions, and split genes, and the
Periannan Senapathy
52293205
Alene S. Ammond (April 6, 1933 – June 4, 2019) was an American politician who served in the New Jersey Senate from the 6th Legislative District from 1974 to 1978. Known as the "Terror of Trenton," she campaigned on and remained committed to the promise to bring anything of public interest to the public's attention. Biography Ammond was born in 1933 in Jackson Heights, Queens. An attendee of Pace College and Hunter College, she worked as a ballet dancer in New York City while in college. She married Harold J. Ammond in 1957; they had two daughters and one son. Ammond's first foray into the political sphere was as New Jersey's first registered "public interest lobbyist" on behalf of her group dedicated to acting on behalf of Cherry Hill citizens, "The Cherry Hill League". In the beginning, the League made rising property taxes their primary focus. When the mayor made a passing remark that the tax increases should be blamed on "the guys who don't pay up", Ammond and the Cherry Hill League turned their attention to tax-delinquent individuals and corporations. Within one week of Ammond exposing a list of corporations behind in municipal taxes, two-thirds of the outstanding accounts - around $700,000 - were paid in full. She was an ardent proponent of civic activism, encouraging others to "overcome the corruption that is paralyzing the proper functioning of government." In 1967, she ran unsuccessfully for a seat on the Cherry Hill township council. However, she was part of a slate of the Camden County Democratic chair's 1973 primary ticket for the State Senate in the newly formed 6th district. She defeated her opponent in the June 1973 Democratic primary, John Jehr, by about 500 votes out of over 8,000 cast and then defeated incumbent Republican Senator John L. Miller 53%-47%. While in the Senate, she wrote a column for Family Circle Magazine based on her previous experience in public interest lobbying. Ammond was vocal in opposition to the machine politics of South Jersey and of the New Jersey Legislature in general. For example, she used senatorial courtesy to block the appointment of a new Camden County prosecutor and clash with Senate President Frank J. Dodd. In January 1975, she was evicted from the Senate Democratic caucus for sharing secret caucus deliberations and charging that certain legislators were acting in their own interests, rather than in the interest of their constituents. She went to Federal court, where Judge Mitchell H. Cohen upheld her charge that the ousting violated her First Amendment rights and ordered she be readmitted to the caucus. She returned to the caucus to her colleagues' dismay. When one senator publicly told her, "You're not part of the team," she replied: "I have no intention of being part of your team, Senator. I don't like what it stands for. Besides, I have another team outside." She was defeated in the 1977 Democratic primary election by party-backed former Cherry Hill councilman Victor Pachter (who would be defeated by Republican
Alene S. Ammond
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Caroline S. Asante (born December 1979) is a British-born broadcast journalist, editor and environmentalist of Guyanese and Ghanaian descent. Early life Asante was born in London to a Guyanese, South American mother and Ghanaian, West African father, who met as students at the University of Cambridge. She is a princess of the royal family of Oyemum in Ghana, via her grandmother who was Queen mother of Shama District (formerly known as the Shama Ahanta East Metropolitan District), in the Western Region of Ghana, with ancestral lineage from the Asante Akim North Region. She is both Fante and Ashanti. Asante spent her early and primary school years with her grandparents in both Demerara and Linden, Guyana before returning to the United Kingdom for secondary education in North London. Together with her mother she emigrated to Canada at where she later studied Humanities at the University of Alberta. Career Asante began working as a music and entertainment television presenter in Canada working for Citytv, MuchMusic, and Rogers Cable. During the late 1990s, she produced and presented various entertainment and music programmes including her own programme, World Music Express, at the time one of the youngest presenters of what was then the first dedicated world music show of its kind in North America. Africa's music icons Manu Dibango, Baaba Maal, Oumou Sangare, Angelique Kidjo and Femi Kuti among others appeared as guests on Asante's show, which earned her a Best Ethnic and Cultural Expression TV Series Award, in both 1998 and 1999, from the Cable Television Awards in New York. Asante returned to the United Kingdom in 2000, and became a presenter for BBC Radio 3's Late Junction from 2001 to 2007, during this time the show won a Sony gold award in 2003 for Music Programming. She then co-created and presented BBC's first online African show Africa on Your Street. dedicated to promoting African content and culture. Asante worked across the BBC networks as freelance presenter, producer and writer. In 2004, she wrote and presented radio documentaries including Somaliland and Goddess in Every Woman for BBC World Service. In London, Asante curated several high-profile exhibits for "Africa 05" to promote more positive images of Africa and Africans in the media. Asante said she was "fed up of the negative images of Africa in the media. which negated positive and empowering stories and people". In 2007, she created Ghana 50 and Forward Africa as two large-scale contemporary curatorial exhibitions, at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, the opening of which music producer Quincy Jones attended. She has also lectured on contemporary African art and society at the Hayward Gallery in London and continues to be a creative pioneer for contemporary African culture. In March 2007, Asante co-hosted Resistance and Remembrance, an event at the British Museum to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. An apparent decision by BBC Radio 3's Late Junction executive producer Andrew Kurowski to temporarily replace her on one of the Late Junction programmes,
Shaheera Asante
2218035
LMS (long, medium, short), is a color space which represents the response of the three types of cones of the human eye, named for their responsivity (sensitivity) peaks at long, medium, and short wavelengths. The numerical range is generally not specified, except that the lower end is generally bounded by zero. It is common to use the LMS color space when performing chromatic adaptation (estimating the appearance of a sample under a different illuminant). It's also useful in the study of color blindness, when one or more cone types are defective. Definition The cone response functions are the color matching functions for the LMS color space. The chromaticity coordinates (L, M, S) for a spectral distribution are defined as: The cone response functions are normalized to have their maxima equal to unity. XYZ to LMS Typically, colors to be adapted chromatically will be specified in a color space other than LMS (e.g. sRGB). The chromatic adaptation matrix in the diagonal von Kries transform method, however, operates on tristimulus values in the LMS color space. Since colors in most colorspaces can be transformed to the XYZ color space, only one additional transformation matrix is required for any color space to be adapted chromatically: to transform colors from the XYZ color space to the LMS color space. In addition, many color adaption methods, or color appearance models (CAMs), run a von Kries-style diagonal matrix transform in a slightly modified, LMS-like, space instead. They may refer to it simply as LMS, as RGB, or as ργβ. The following text uses the "RGB" naming, but do note that the resulting space has nothing to do with the additive color model called RGB. The chromatic adaptation transform (CAT) matrices for some CAMs in terms of CIEXYZ coordinates are presented here. The matrices, in conjunction with the XYZ data defined for the standard observer, implicitly define a "cone" response for each cell type. Notes: All tristimulus values are normally calculated using the CIE 1931 2° standard colorimetric observer. Unless specified otherwise, the CAT matrices are normalized (the elements in a row add up to 1) so the tristimulus values for an equal-energy illuminant (X=Y=Z), like CIE Illuminant E, produce equal LMS values. Hunt, RLAB The Hunt and RLAB color appearance models use the Hunt-Pointer-Estevez transformation matrix (MHPE) for conversion from CIE XYZ to LMS. This is the transformation matrix which was originally used in conjunction with the von Kries transform method, and is therefore also called von Kries transformation matrix (MvonKries). Equal-energy illuminants: Normalized to D65: Bradford's spectrally sharpened matrix (LLAB, CIECAM97s) The original CIECAM97s color appearance model uses the Bradford transformation matrix (MBFD) (as does the LLAB color appearance model). This is a “spectrally sharpened” transformation matrix (i.e. the L and M cone response curves are narrower and more distinct from each other). The Bradford transformation matrix was supposed to work in conjunction with a modified von Kries transform method which introduced a small non-linearity in the S (blue) channel. However, outside of CIECAM97s and
LMS color space
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The Biggest Little Farm is a 2018 American documentary film, directed by John Chester. The film profiles the life of John Chester and his wife Molly as they acquire and establish themselves on Apricot Lane Farms in Moorpark, California. The film premiered on September 1, 2018, at the Telluride Film Festival. It had its second screening at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival, where it was named second runner-up for the People's Choice Award: Documentaries. It was selected as the Opening Night film at Doc NYC in November 2018. The film was screened as part of the Spotlight Section at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival. It also screened at the 29th New Orleans Film Festival on October 24, 2018. The film was acquired for theatrical distribution by the independent film company Neon, and was released on May 10, 2019 in Los Angeles and New York. The film expanded into Austin, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Minneapolis, Nashville, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Portland, San Diego, San Francisco and Washington, D.C., on May 17 and additional markets throughout May and June. The film was acquired by The Exchange for international distribution. A sequel special, The Biggest Little Farm: The Return, was released in 2022 on Disney+. Synopsis In 2010, married couple Molly and John Chester decide to leave their old lives in Los Angeles behind and purchase a 234-acre farm near Moorpark in neighboring Ventura County, California. Rechristening it "Apricot Lane Farms", the couple spends the next seven years transforming the arid landscape into a fully functional farm and biodiverse habitat for neighboring flora and fauna. They face hardship as the difficulties of keeping a farm running mount up, often resulting in frustration and anger, but also happiness at their harmonious relationship with nature. Reception On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews with an average rating of . The site's critical consensus reads, "Uplifting, educational, and entertaining, The Biggest Little Farm is an environmental advocacy documentary with a satisfying side dish of hope for the future." On Metacritic, it holds a 74 out of 100 score (indicating "generally favorable reviews") based on 25 critics. In his Variety review of the film, Peter DeBruge noted that it "feel[s] like fresh air for the soul.", and New York Times critic Glenn Kenny wrote "it may also revive your wonder at the weird but ultimately awe-inspiring ways in which humans can help nature do its work". Additionally, The Los Angeles Times's Robert Abele wrote that the film is a "lush tour of transformed land and photogenic fauna, is so appealing as a chronicle of dedicated do-gooders who actually did good (and shot every frame of it). [...] Watching the Chesters fight past disillusionment to learn the real lessons of harvesting in communion with nature is what gives the movie its rousing, illuminating power." Several reviewers were critical of the film's lack of specifics on the initial investment and economics of the farm. On December 4, 2019, the film's
The Biggest Little Farm
14926151
Refal ("Recursive functions algorithmic language"; ) "is a functional programming language oriented toward symbolic computations", including "string processing, language translation, [and] artificial intelligence". It is one of the oldest members of this family, first conceived of in 1966 as a theoretical tool, with the first implementation appearing in 1968. Refal was intended to combine mathematical simplicity with practicality for writing large and sophisticated programs. One of the first functional programming languages to do so, and unlike Lisp of its time, Refal is based on pattern matching. Its pattern matching works in conjunction with term rewriting. The basic data structure of Lisp and Prolog is a linear list built by cons operation in a sequential manner, thus with O(n) access to list's nth element. Refal's lists are built and scanned from both ends, with pattern matching working for nested lists as well as the top-level one. In effect, the basic data structure of Refal is a tree rather than a list. This gives freedom and convenience in creating data structures while using only mathematically simple control mechanisms of pattern matching and substitution. Refal also includes a feature called the freezer to support efficient partial evaluation. Refal can be applied to the processing and transformation of tree structures, similarly to XSLT. Basics A Refal Hello World example is shown below. $ENTRY Go { = <Hello>;} Hello { = <Prout 'Hello world'>; } The program above includes two functions named Go and Hello. A function is written as the name of the function followed by the function body in curly braces. The Go function is marked as the entry point of the program using the $ENTRY directive. One could think of expressions in the function bodies as function "calls" in Lisp-like syntax. For example, the Hello function appears to call the built-in Prout function with the string 'Hello world' as the argument. The meaning and the mechanism of the call, however, is quite different. To illustrate the difference, consider the following function that determines whether a string is a palindrome. Pal { = True; s.1 = True; s.1 e.2 s.1 = <Pal e.2>; e.1 = False; } This example shows a function with a more complex body, consisting of four sentences (clauses). A sentence begins with a pattern followed by an equal sign followed by a general expression on the right hand side. A sentence is terminated with a semicolon. For example, the pattern of the second sentence of the function is "s.1" and the expression is "True". As the example shows, patterns include pattern variables that have the form of a character identifying the type of the variable (what the variable matches) followed by the variable identifier. The variables that begin with an "s" match a single symbol, those that begin with an "e" match an arbitrary expression. The variable identifier can be an arbitrary alphanumeric sequence optionally separated from the type identifier by a dot. A function executes by comparing its argument with the patterns of its sentences in the order
Refal