0. A point R at the intersection of the optical axis and the image plane. This point is referred to as the principal point or image center. A point P somewhere in the world at coordinate relative to the axes X1, X2, and X3. The projection line of point P into the camera. This is the green line which passes through point P and the point O. The projection of point P onto the image plane, denoted Q. This point is given by the intersection of the projection line (green) and the image plane. In any practical situation we can assume that > 0 which means that the intersection point","title":"Pinhole camera model"},{"docid":"3663444","text":"In cartography, the Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection, or Lambert cylindrical projection, is a cylindrical equal-area projection. This projection is undistorted along the equator, which is its standard parallel, but distortion increases rapidly towards the poles. Like any cylindrical projection, it stretches parallels increasingly away from the equator. The poles accrue infinite distortion, becoming lines instead of points. History The projection was invented by the Swiss mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert and described in his 1772 treatise, Beiträge zum Gebrauche der Mathematik und deren Anwendung, part III, section 6: Anmerkungen und Zusätze zur Entwerfung der Land- und Himmelscharten, translated as, Notes and Comments on the Composition of Terrestrial and Celestial Maps. Lambert's projection is the basis for the cylindrical equal-area projection family. Lambert chose the equator as the parallel of no distortion. By multiplying the projection's height by some factor and dividing the width by the same factor, the regions of no distortion can be moved to any desired pair of parallels north and south of the equator. These variations, particularly the Gall–Peters projection, are more commonly encountered in maps than Lambert’s original projection due to their lower distortion overall. Formulae where φ is the latitude, λ is the longitude and λ is the central meridian. See also List of map projections Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection Lambert conformal conic projection References External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net Map projections Cylindrical equal-area projections","title":"Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection"},{"docid":"1968518","text":"In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image. It is a form of optical aberration. Radial distortion Although distortion can be irregular or follow many patterns, the most commonly encountered distortions are radially symmetric, or approximately so, arising from the symmetry of a photographic lens. These radial distortions can usually be classified as either barrel distortions or pincushion distortions. Mathematically, barrel and pincushion distortion are quadratic, meaning they increase as the square of distance from the center. In mustache distortion the quartic (degree 4) term is significant: in the center, the degree 2 barrel distortion is dominant, while at the edge the degree 4 distortion in the pincushion direction dominates. Other distortions are in principle possible – pincushion in center and barrel at the edge, or higher order distortions (degree 6, degree 8) – but do not generally occur in practical lenses, and higher order distortions are small relative to the main barrel and pincushion effects. Occurrence In photography, distortion is particularly associated with zoom lenses, particularly large-range zooms, but may also be found in prime lenses, and depends on focal distance – for example, the Canon EF 50mm 1.4 exhibits barrel distortion at extremely short focal distances. Barrel distortion may be found in wide-angle lenses, and is often seen at the wide-angle end of zoom lenses, while pincushion distortion is often seen in older or low-end telephoto lenses. Mustache distortion is observed particularly on the wide end of zooms, with certain retrofocus lenses, and more recently on large-range zooms such as the Nikon 18–200 mm. A certain amount of pincushion distortion is often found with visual optical instruments, e.g., binoculars, where it serves to counteract the globe effect. In order to understand these distortions, it should be remembered that these are radial defects; the optical systems in question have rotational symmetry (omitting non-radial defects), so the didactically correct test image would be a set of concentric circles having even separation – like a shooter's target. It will then be observed that these common distortions actually imply a nonlinear radius mapping from the object to the image: What is seemingly pincushion distortion, is actually simply an exaggerated radius mapping for large radii in comparison with small radii. A graph showing radius transformations (from object to image) will be steeper in the upper (rightmost) end. Conversely, barrel distortion is actually a diminished radius mapping for large radii in comparison with small radii. A graph showing radius transformations (from object to image) will be less steep in the upper (rightmost) end. Chromatic aberration Radial distortion that depends on wavelength is called \"lateral chromatic aberration\" – \"lateral\" because radial, \"chromatic\" because dependent on color (wavelength). This can cause colored fringes in high-contrast areas in the outer parts of the image. This should not be confused with axial (longitudinal) chromatic aberration, which causes aberrations throughout the field, particularly purple fringing. Origin of terms The names for these distortions","title":"Distortion (optics)"},{"docid":"3909097","text":"In mathematics, a projection is an idempotent mapping of a set (or other mathematical structure) into a subset (or sub-structure). In this case, idempotent means that projecting twice is the same as projecting once. The restriction to a subspace of a projection is also called a projection, even if the idempotence property is lost. An everyday example of a projection is the casting of shadows onto a plane (sheet of paper): the projection of a point is its shadow on the sheet of paper, and the projection (shadow) of a point on the sheet of paper is that point itself (idempotency). The shadow of a three-dimensional sphere is a closed disk. Originally, the notion of projection was introduced in Euclidean geometry to denote the projection of the three-dimensional Euclidean space onto a plane in it, like the shadow example. The two main projections of this kind are: The projection from a point onto a plane or central projection: If C is a point, called the center of projection, then the projection of a point P different from C onto a plane that does not contain C is the intersection of the line CP with the plane. The points P such that the line CP is parallel to the plane does not have any image by the projection, but one often says that they project to a point at infinity of the plane (see Projective geometry for a formalization of this terminology). The projection of the point C itself is not defined. The projection parallel to a direction D, onto a plane or parallel projection: The image of a point P is the intersection with the plane of the line parallel to D passing through P. See for an accurate definition, generalized to any dimension. The concept of projection in mathematics is a very old one, and most likely has its roots in the phenomenon of the shadows cast by real-world objects on the ground. This rudimentary idea was refined and abstracted, first in a geometric context and later in other branches of mathematics. Over time different versions of the concept developed, but today, in a sufficiently abstract setting, we can unify these variations. In cartography, a map projection is a map of a part of the surface of the Earth onto a plane, which, in some cases, but not always, is the restriction of a projection in the above meaning. The 3D projections are also at the basis of the theory of perspective. The need for unifying the two kinds of projections and of defining the image by a central projection of any point different of the center of projection are at the origin of projective geometry. However, a projective transformation is a bijection of a projective space, a property not shared with the projections of this article. Definition Generally, a mapping where the domain and codomain are the same set (or mathematical structure) is a projection if the mapping is idempotent, which means that a projection is equal to","title":"Projection (mathematics)"},{"docid":"180583","text":"The Dymaxion map or Fuller map is a projection of a world map onto the surface of an icosahedron, which can be unfolded and flattened to two dimensions. The flat map is heavily interrupted in order to preserve shapes and sizes. The projection was invented by Buckminster Fuller. The March 1, 1943, edition of Life magazine included a photographic essay titled \"Life Presents R. Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion World\". The article included several examples of its use together with a pull-out section that could be assembled as a \"three-dimensional approximation of a globe or laid out as a flat map, with which the world may be fitted together and rearranged to illuminate special aspects of its geography\". Fuller applied for a patent in the United States in February 1944, showing a projection onto a cuboctahedron, which he called \"dymaxion\". The patent was issued in January 1946. In 1954, Fuller and cartographer Shoji Sadao produced the Airocean World Map, a version of the Dymaxion map that used a modified but mostly regular icosahedron as the base for the projection. The version most commonly referred to today, it depicts Earth's continents as \"one island\", or nearly contiguous land masses. The Dymaxion projection is intended only for representations of the entire globe. It is not a gnomonic projection, whereby global data expands from the center point of a tangent facet outward to the edges. Instead, each triangle edge of the Dymaxion map matches the scale of a partial great circle on a corresponding globe, and other points within each facet shrink toward its middle, rather than enlarging to the peripheries. Fuller's 1980 version of the Dymaxion map was the first definition and use of a mathematical transformation process to make the map. It is a polyhedral map projection. The name Dymaxion was applied by Fuller to several of his inventions. Properties Though neither conformal nor equal-area, Fuller claimed that his map had several advantages over other projections for world maps. It has less distortion of relative size of areas, most notably when compared to the Mercator projection; and less distortion of shapes of areas, notably when compared to the Gall–Peters projection. Other compromise projections attempt a similar trade-off. More unusually, the Dymaxion map does not have any \"right way up\". Fuller argued that in the universe there is no \"up\" and \"down\", or \"north\" and \"south\": only \"in\" and \"out\". Gravitational forces of the stars and planets created \"in\", meaning \"towards the gravitational center\", and \"out\", meaning \"away from the gravitational center\". He attributed the north-up-superior/south-down-inferior presentation of most other world maps to cultural bias. Fuller intended the map to be unfolded in different ways to emphasize different aspects of the world. Peeling the triangular faces of the icosahedron apart in one way results in an icosahedral net that shows an almost contiguous land mass comprising all of Earth's continents – not groups of continents divided by oceans. Peeling the solid apart in a different way presents a view of the world dominated by","title":"Dymaxion map"},{"docid":"1032887","text":"The Mollweide projection is an equal-area, pseudocylindrical map projection generally used for maps of the world or celestial sphere. It is also known as the Babinet projection, homalographic projection, homolographic projection, and elliptical projection. The projection trades accuracy of angle and shape for accuracy of proportions in area, and as such is used where that property is needed, such as maps depicting global distributions. The projection was first published by mathematician and astronomer Karl (or Carl) Brandan Mollweide (1774–1825) of Leipzig in 1805. It was reinvented and popularized in 1857 by Jacques Babinet, who gave it the name homalographic projection. The variation homolographic arose from frequent nineteenth-century usage in star atlases. Properties The Mollweide is a pseudocylindrical projection in which the equator is represented as a straight horizontal line perpendicular to a central meridian that is one-half the equator's length. The other parallels compress near the poles, while the other meridians are equally spaced at the equator. The meridians at 90 degrees east and west form a perfect circle, and the whole earth is depicted in a proportional 2:1 ellipse. The proportion of the area of the ellipse between any given parallel and the equator is the same as the proportion of the area on the globe between that parallel and the equator, but at the expense of shape distortion, which is significant at the perimeter of the ellipse, although not as severe as in the sinusoidal projection. Shape distortion may be diminished by using an interrupted version. A sinusoidal interrupted Mollweide projection discards the central meridian in favor of alternating half-meridians which terminate at right angles to the equator. This has the effect of dividing the globe into lobes. In contrast, a parallel interrupted Mollweide projection uses multiple disjoint central meridians, giving the effect of multiple ellipses joined at the equator. More rarely, the projection can be drawn obliquely to shift the areas of distortion to the oceans, allowing the continents to remain truer to form. The Mollweide, or its properties, has inspired the creation of several other projections, including the Goode's homolosine, van der Grinten and the Boggs eumorphic. Mathematical formulation The projection transforms from latitude and longitude to map coordinates x and y via the following equations: where θ is an auxiliary angle defined by and λ is the longitude, λ is the central meridian, φ is the latitude, and R is the radius of the globe to be projected. The map has area 4R, conforming to the surface area of the generating globe. The x-coordinate has a range of [−2R, 2R], and the y-coordinate has a range of [−R, R]. Equation (1) may be solved with rapid convergence (but slow near the poles) using Newton–Raphson iteration: If φ = ±, then also θ = ±. In that case the iteration should be bypassed; otherwise, division by zero may result. There exists a closed-form inverse transformation: where θ can be found by the relation The inverse transformations allow one to find the latitude and longitude corresponding to","title":"Mollweide projection"},{"docid":"7711317","text":"The Chamberlin trimetric projection is a map projection where three points are fixed on the globe and the points on the sphere are mapped onto a plane by triangulation. It was developed in 1946 by Wellman Chamberlin for the National Geographic Society. Chamberlin was chief cartographer for the Society from 1964 to 1971. The projection's principal feature is that it compromises between distortions of area, direction, and distance. A Chamberlin trimetric map therefore gives an excellent overall sense of the region being mapped. Many National Geographic Society maps of single continents use this projection. As originally implemented, the projection algorithm begins with the selection of three base points to form a spherical triangle minimally enclosing the area to be mapped. These points are mapped at the correct distance from each other according to the map’s chosen scale; aside from arbitrary rotation and translation, the position of the three points on the plane are unambiguous because a triangle is determined by the lengths of its sides. To map any point P, the spherical distances from each of the base points to P are calculated. Using each of the three mapped base points as center, a circle is drawn with radius equal to the scale spherical distance of P from the base point. The three circles will always intersect at one, two, or three points. Intersecting at one point happens only at the base points, which are already mapped and therefore need no further processing. Intersecting at two points happens only along the straight line between two mapped base points. Chamberlin did not specify how to handle this case, but it would be determined by which definition of triangle center is chosen, as noted next. In the remaining case, which is most of the map, connecting the three points of intersection of the circles by line segments creates a small triangle. The position of P′ is determined by the center of the triangle. Chamberlin did not specify which definition of center to use. A Chamberlin trimetric projection map was originally obtained by graphically mapping points at regular intervals of latitude and longitude, with shorelines and other features then mapped by interpolation. Based on the principles of the projection, precise, but lengthy, mathematical formulas were later developed for calculating this projection by computer for a spherical Earth. The Chamberlin trimetric projection is neither conformal nor equal-area. Rather, the projection was conceived to minimize distortion of distances everywhere with the side-effect of balancing between areal equivalence and conformality. This projection is not appropriate for mapping the entire sphere because the outer boundary would loop and overlap itself in most configurations. In some cases, the Chamberlin trimetric projection is difficult to distinguish visually from the Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection centered on the same area. See also Two-point equidistant projection References External links The Chamberlin Trimetric Projection - Implementations of the projection using Matlab scripts. The Chamberlin Trimetric Projection - Notes on the projection from a cartography class at Colorado State University. Map projections","title":"Chamberlin trimetric projection"},{"docid":"26410981","text":"In cartography, the normal cylindrical equal-area projection is a family of normal cylindrical, equal-area map projections. History The invention of the Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection is attributed to the Swiss mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert in 1772. Variations of it appeared over the years by inventors who stretched the height of the Lambert and compressed the width commensurately in various ratios. Description The projection: is cylindrical, that means it has a cylindrical projection surface is normal, that means it has a normal aspect is an equal-area projection, that means any two areas in the map have the same relative size compared to their size on the sphere. The term \"normal cylindrical projection\" is used to refer to any projection in which meridians are mapped to equally spaced vertical lines and circles of latitude are mapped to horizontal lines (or, mutatis mutandis, more generally, radial lines from a fixed point are mapped to equally spaced parallel lines and concentric circles around it are mapped to perpendicular lines). The mapping of meridians to vertical lines can be visualized by imagining a cylinder whose axis coincides with the Earth's axis of rotation, then projecting onto the cylinder, and subsequently unfolding the cylinder. By the geometry of their construction, cylindrical projections stretch distances east-west. The amount of stretch is the same at any chosen latitude on all cylindrical projections, and is given by the secant of the latitude as a multiple of the equator's scale. The various cylindrical projections are distinguished from each other solely by their north-south stretching (where latitude is given by φ): The only normal cylindrical projections that preserve area have a north-south compression precisely the reciprocal of east-west stretching (cos φ). This divides north-south distances by a factor equal to the secant of the latitude, preserving area but distorting shapes. East–west scale matching the north–south scale Depending on the stretch factor S, any particular cylindrical equal-area projection either has zero, one or two latitudes for which the east–west scale matches the north–south scale. S>1 : zero S=1 : one, that latitude is the equator S<1 : a pair of identical latitudes of opposite sign Formulae The formulae presume a spherical model and use these definitions: λ is the longitude λ is the central meridian φ is the latitude φ is the standard latitude S is the stretch factor x is the horizontal coordinate of the projected location on the map y is the vertical coordinate of the projected location on the map Relationship between and : Specializations The specializations differ only in the ratio of the vertical to horizontal axis. Some specializations have been described, promoted, or otherwise named. Derivatives The Tobler hyperelliptical projection, first described by Tobler in 1973, is a further generalization of the cylindrical equal-area family. The HEALPix projection is an equal-area hybrid combination of: the Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection, for the equatorial regions of the sphere; and an interrupted Collignon projection, for the polar regions. References External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections,","title":"Cylindrical equal-area projection"},{"docid":"7688641","text":"A geodesic grid is a spatial grid based on a geodesic polyhedron or Goldberg polyhedron. History The earliest use of the (icosahedral) geodesic grid in geophysical modeling dates back to 1968 and the work by Sadourny, Arakawa, and Mintz and Williamson. Later work expanded on this base. Construction A geodesic grid is a global Earth reference that uses triangular tiles based on the subdivision of a polyhedron (usually the icosahedron, and usually a Class I subdivision) to subdivide the surface of the Earth. Such a grid does not have a straightforward relationship to latitude and longitude, but conforms to many of the main criteria for a statistically valid discrete global grid. Primarily, the cells' area and shape are generally similar, especially near the poles where many other spatial grids have singularities or heavy distortion. The popular Quaternary Triangular Mesh (QTM) falls into this category. Geodesic grids may use the dual polyhedron of the geodesic polyhedron, which is the Goldberg polyhedron. Goldberg polyhedra are made up of hexagons and (if based on the icosahedron) 12 pentagons. One implementation that uses an icosahedron as the base polyhedron, hexagonal cells, and the Snyder equal-area projection is known as the Icosahedron Snyder Equal Area (ISEA) grid. Applications In biodiversity science, geodesic grids are a global extension of local discrete grids that are staked out in field studies to ensure appropriate statistical sampling and larger multi-use grids deployed at regional and national levels to develop an aggregated understanding of biodiversity. These grids translate environmental and ecological monitoring data from multiple spatial and temporal scales into assessments of current ecological condition and forecasts of risks to our natural resources. A geodesic grid allows local to global assimilation of ecologically significant information at its own level of granularity. When modeling the weather, ocean circulation, or the climate, partial differential equations are used to describe the evolution of these systems over time. Because computer programs are used to build and work with these complex models, approximations need to be formulated into easily computable forms. Some of these numerical analysis techniques (such as finite differences) require the area of interest to be subdivided into a grid — in this case, over the shape of the Earth. Geodesic grids can be used in video game development to model fictional worlds instead of the Earth. They are a natural analog of the hex map to a spherical surface. Pros and cons Pros: Largely isotropic. Resolution can be easily increased by binary division. Does not suffer from over sampling near the poles like more traditional rectangular longitude–latitude square grids. Does not result in dense linear systems like spectral methods do (see also Gaussian grid). No single points of contact between neighboring grid cells. Square grids and isometric grids suffer from the ambiguous problem of how to handle neighbors that only touch at a single point. Cells can be both minimally distorted and near-equal-area. In contrast, square grids are not equal area, while equal-area rectangular grids vary in shape from equator to poles.","title":"Geodesic grid"},{"docid":"25187803","text":"In mathematics, the distortion is a measure of the amount by which a function from the Euclidean plane to itself distorts circles to ellipses. If the distortion of a function is equal to one, then it is conformal; if the distortion is bounded and the function is a homeomorphism, then it is quasiconformal. The distortion of a function ƒ of the plane is given by which is the limiting eccentricity of the ellipse produced by applying ƒ to small circles centered at z. This geometrical definition is often very difficult to work with, and the necessary analytical features can be extrapolated to the following definition. A mapping ƒ : Ω → R2 from an open domain in the plane to the plane has finite distortion at a point x ∈ Ω if ƒ is in the Sobolev space W(Ω, R2), the Jacobian determinant J(x,ƒ) is locally integrable and does not change sign in Ω, and there is a measurable function K(x) ≥ 1 such that almost everywhere. Here Df is the weak derivative of ƒ, and |Df| is the Hilbert–Schmidt norm. For functions on a higher-dimensional Euclidean space Rn, there are more measures of distortion because there are more than two principal axes of a symmetric tensor. The pointwise information is contained in the distortion tensor The outer distortion KO and inner distortion KI are defined via the Rayleigh quotients The outer distortion can also be characterized by means of an inequality similar to that given in the two-dimensional case. If Ω is an open set in Rn, then a function has finite distortion if its Jacobian is locally integrable and does not change sign, and there is a measurable function KO (the outer distortion) such that almost everywhere. See also Deformation (mechanics) References . . Conformal mappings Real analysis Complex analysis Topology Measure theory Euclidean geometry","title":"Distortion (mathematics)"},{"docid":"2721825","text":"In cartography, a Tissot's indicatrix (Tissot indicatrix, Tissot's ellipse, Tissot ellipse, ellipse of distortion) (plural: \"Tissot's indicatrices\") is a mathematical contrivance presented by French mathematician Nicolas Auguste Tissot in 1859 and 1871 in order to characterize local distortions due to map projection. It is the geometry that results from projecting a circle of infinitesimal radius from a curved geometric model, such as a globe, onto a map. Tissot proved that the resulting diagram is an ellipse whose axes indicate the two principal directions along which scale is maximal and minimal at that point on the map. A single indicatrix describes the distortion at a single point. Because distortion varies across a map, generally Tissot's indicatrices are placed across a map to illustrate the spatial change in distortion. A common scheme places them at each intersection of displayed meridians and parallels. These schematics are important in the study of map projections, both to illustrate distortion and to provide the basis for the calculations that represent the magnitude of distortion precisely at each point. Because all ellipses on the map occupy the same area, the distortion imposed by the map projection is evident. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the Tissot indicatrix and the metric tensor of the map projection coordinate conversion. Description Tissot's theory was developed in the context of cartographic analysis. Generally the geometric model represents the Earth, and comes in the form of a sphere or ellipsoid. Tissot's indicatrices illustrate linear, angular, and areal distortions of maps: A map distorts distances (linear distortion) wherever the quotient between the lengths of an infinitesimally short line as projected onto the projection surface, and as it originally is on the Earth model, deviates from 1. The quotient is called the scale factor. Unless the projection is conformal at the point being considered, the scale factor varies by direction around the point. A map distorts angles wherever the angles measured on the model of the Earth are not conserved in the projection. This is expressed by an ellipse of distortion which is not a circle. A map distorts areas wherever areas measured in the model of the Earth are not conserved in the projection. This is expressed by ellipses of distortion whose areas vary across the map. In conformal maps, where each point preserves angles projected from the geometric model, the Tissot's indicatrices are all circles of size varying by location, possibly also with varying orientation (given the four circle quadrants split by meridians and parallels). In equal-area projections, where area proportions between objects are conserved, the Tissot's indicatrices all have the same area, though their shapes and orientations vary with location. In arbitrary projections, both area and shape vary across the map. Mathematics In the diagram below, the circle has unit area as defined on the surface of a sphere. The circle is the Tissot's indicatrix that results from some projection of onto a plane. Linear scale has not been preserved in this projection, as and . Because , we know that","title":"Tissot's indicatrix"},{"docid":"16390404","text":"ImageAmerica Aviation, Inc. is an aerial photography company that was acquired by Google in July 2007. The company specialized in creating aerial photos with \"accuracy, quick delivery and low cost\". It previously sold its services primarily to city, county, state, and federal governments and to corporate customers. ImageAmerica also made money by selling low-cost imagery to county appraisers and assessors. The company's clients include the Texas Department of Transportation, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Lucas County office that covers Toledo, Ohio. For satellite imaging, the company charges US$99 per , compared to other companies which could charge from $500 to $700 and for a lower quality than what ImageAmerica offers. It also developed its own DDP-2 (Direct Digital Panoramic) camera system. The system is housed in an aircraft. It has the ability to capture details as small as to . ImageAmerica's patented processing system has the ability to produce orthorectified imagery corrected for perspective distortions. The company's technology also uses sensors which are based on a unique design from Sarnoff Research Labs in Princeton, New Jersey. The company was founded in and is based in the Spirit of St. Louis Airport, Clayton, Missouri, United States. ImageAmerica builds high resolution cameras for aerial photographs. The company provided high resolution black and white images of New Orleans following the events of Hurricane Katrina. The company's products provide images for Google Maps and Google Earth. When the company was acquired by Google, the acquisition price was not disclosed. After the acquisition, the project manager of Google Maps and Earth said in a statement that Google was excited \"about how ImageAmerica’s technology will contribute to [Google's] mapping services down the road.\" He went on to say, \"Since we're in the research and development phase right now it may be some time before you see any of this imagery in Google Maps or Earth.\" In the same month, Google was on an acquisition-spree and had already acquired six other companies: Panoramio, PeakStream, Zenter, Feedburner, GrandCentral, and Postini. References External links Imaging America Companies established in 1998 Photography companies of the United States Google acquisitions 1998 establishments in Missouri","title":"ImageAmerica"},{"docid":"20771","text":"The Mercator projection () is a conformal cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It became the standard map projection for navigation due to its ability to represent north as 'up' and south as 'down' everywhere while preserving local directions and shapes. However, as a result, the Mercator projection inflates the size of objects the further they are from the equator. In a Mercator projection, landmasses such as Greenland and Antarctica appear far larger than they actually are relative to landmasses near the equator. Despite these drawbacks, the Mercator projection is well-suited to marine navigation and internet web maps and continues to be widely used today. History There is some controversy over the origins of the Mercator. German polymath Erhard Etzlaub engraved miniature \"compass maps\" (about 10×8 cm) of Europe and parts of Africa that spanned latitudes 0°–67° to allow adjustment of his portable pocket-size sundials. The projection found on these maps, dating to 1511, was stated by John Snyder in 1987 to be the same projection as Mercator's. However, given the geometry of a sundial, these maps may well have been based on the similar central cylindrical projection, a limiting case of the gnomonic projection, which is the basis for a sundial. Snyder amended his assessment to \"a similar projection\" in 1993. Joseph Needham, a historian of China, speculated that some star charts of the Chinese Song Dynasty may have been based on the Mercator projection; however, this claim was presented without evidence, and astronomical historian Kazuhiko Miyajima concluded using cartometric analysis that these charts used an equirectangular projection instead. Portuguese mathematician and cosmographer Pedro Nunes first described the mathematical principle of the loxodrome and its use in marine navigation. In 1537, he proposed constructing a nautical atlas composed of several large-scale sheets in the equirectangular projection as a way to minimize distortion of directions. If these sheets were brought to the same scale and assembled, they would approximate the Mercator projection. In 1569, Gerhard Kremer, known by his trade name Gerardus Mercator, announced a new projection by publishing a large planispheric map measuring and printed in eighteen separate sheets. Mercator titled the map : \"A new and augmented description of Earth corrected for the use of sailors\". This title, along with an elaborate explanation for using the projection that appears as a section of text on the map, shows that Mercator understood exactly what he had achieved and that he intended the projection to aid navigation. Mercator never explained the method of construction or how he arrived at it. Various hypotheses have been tendered over the years, but in any case Mercator's friendship with Pedro Nunes and his access to the loxodromic tables Nunes created likely aided his efforts. English mathematician Edward Wright published the first accurate tables for constructing the projection in 1599 and, in more detail, in 1610, calling his treatise \"Certaine Errors in Navigation\". The first mathematical formulation was publicized around 1645 by a mathematician named Henry Bond (–1678).","title":"Mercator projection"},{"docid":"61469969","text":"In map projections, an interruption is any place where the globe has been split. All map projections are interrupted at at least one point. Typical world maps are interrupted along an entire meridian. In that typical case, the interruption forms an east/west boundary, even though the globe has no boundaries. Most map projections can be interrupted beyond what is required by the projection mathematics. The reason for doing so is to improve distortion within the map by sacrificing proximity—that is, by separating places on the globe that ought to be adjacent. Effectively, this means that the resulting map is actually an amalgam of several partial map projections of smaller regions. Because the regions are smaller, they cover less of the globe, are closer to flat, and therefore accrue less inevitable distortion. These extra interruptions do not create a new projection. Rather, the result is an \"arrangement\" of an existing projection. In casual parlance, interrupted projection usually means a projection that has been interrupted beyond mathematical necessity. In this casual sense, the usual east/west interruption of a pseudocylindric map is ignored as an interruption to focus on the elective interruptions. An archetypical example is the Goode homolosine projection. In 1916, John Paul Goode experimented by interrupting the Mollweide projection. Satisfied with the interruption scheme, he then devised a new projection as a composite of the Mollweide and the sinusoidal projection and applied the same interruption scheme to the new projection, which he dubbed \"homolosine\". Because pseudocylindric projections map parallels as straight lines, and meridians to have constant spacing, they are easy to interrupt. This is normally done to optimize either for continental areas or for oceanic areas, as explored by Goode. Many interruption schemes that are much more elaborate have been developed. Since antiquity, for example, globe gores have been developed in order to paste map sections onto model globes. These are regular interruption either along the equator, or in polar form as \"rosettes\". The Cahill butterfly projection divides the world into octahedral sections. More generally, any mapping onto polyhedral faces becomes an interrupted map when laid flat. Buckminster Fuller proposed his \"dymaxion\" map in 1943, using a modified icosahedral interruption scheme to divide the oceans up in a way that shows the continents in a nearly continuous mass as \"one island\". The most elaborate interruptions schemes include those of Athelstan Spilhaus along continental boundaries, and JJ Wijk's myriahedral projections. References Map projections","title":"Interruption (map projection)"},{"docid":"1775417","text":"The equirectangular projection (also called the equidistant cylindrical projection or la carte parallélogrammatique projection), and which includes the special case of the plate carrée projection (also called the geographic projection, lat/lon projection, or plane chart), is a simple map projection attributed to Marinus of Tyre, who Ptolemy claims invented the projection about AD 100. The projection maps meridians to vertical straight lines of constant spacing (for meridional intervals of constant spacing), and circles of latitude to horizontal straight lines of constant spacing (for constant intervals of parallels). The projection is neither equal area nor conformal. Because of the distortions introduced by this projection, it has little use in navigation or cadastral mapping and finds its main use in thematic mapping. In particular, the plate carrée has become a standard for global raster datasets, such as Celestia, NASA World Wind, the USGS Astrogeology Research Program, and Natural Earth, because of the particularly simple relationship between the position of an image pixel on the map and its corresponding geographic location on Earth or other spherical solar system bodies. In addition it is frequently used in panoramic photography to represent a spherical panoramic image. Definition The forward projection transforms spherical coordinates into planar coordinates. The reverse projection transforms from the plane back onto the sphere. The formulae presume a spherical model and use these definitions: is the longitude of the location to project; is the latitude of the location to project; are the standard parallels (north and south of the equator) where the scale of the projection is true; is the central parallel of the map; is the central meridian of the map; is the horizontal coordinate of the projected location on the map; is the vertical coordinate of the projected location on the map; is the radius of the globe. Longitude and latitude variables are defined here in terms of radians. Forward The (French, for flat square), is the special case where is zero. This projection maps x to be the value of the longitude and y to be the value of the latitude, and therefore is sometimes called the latitude/longitude or lat/lon(g) projection. Despite sometimes being called \"unprojected\", it is actually projected. When the is not zero, such as Marinus's , or Ronald Miller's , the projection can portray particular latitudes of interest at true scale. While a projection with equally spaced parallels is possible for an ellipsoidal model, it would no longer be equidistant because the distance between parallels on an ellipsoid is not constant. More complex formulae can be used to create an equidistant map whose parallels reflect the true spacing. Reverse Alternative names In spherical panorama viewers, usually: is called \"yaw\"; is called \"pitch\"; where both are defined in degrees. See also Cartography Cassini projection Gall–Peters projection (mentions a resolution rejecting the use of all rectangular world maps) List of map projections Mercator projection 360 video projection Wikimedia Gallery of Equirectangular World Maps References External links Global MODIS based satellite map The blue marble: land surface, ocean color,","title":"Equirectangular projection"},{"docid":"7151375","text":"Space-oblique Mercator projection is a map projection devised in the 1970s for preparing maps from Earth-survey satellite data. It is a generalization of the oblique Mercator projection that incorporates the time evolution of a given satellite ground track to optimize its representation on the map. The oblique Mercator projection, on the other hand, optimizes for a given geodesic. History The space-oblique Mercator projection (SOM) was developed by John P. Snyder, Alden Partridge Colvocoresses and John L. Junkins in 1976. Snyder had an interest in maps, originating back to his childhood and he regularly attended cartography conferences while on vacation. In 1972, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) needed to develop a system for reducing the amount of distortion caused when satellite pictures of the ellipsoidal Earth were printed on a flat page. Colvocoresses, the head of the USGS's national mapping program, asked attendees of a geodetic sciences conferences for help solving the projection problem in 1976. Snyder attended the conference and became motivated to work on the problem armed with his newly purchased pocket calculator and devised the mathematical formulas needed to solve the problem. After submitting his calculations to Waldo Tobler for review, Snyder submitted these to the USGS at no charge. Impressed with his work, USGS officials offered Snyder a job with the organization, which he accepted. His formulas were used to produce maps from Landsat 4 images launched in the summer of 1978. Projection description The space-oblique Mercator projection provides continual, nearly conformal mapping of the swath sensed by a satellite. Scale is true along the ground track, varying 0.01 percent within the normal sensing range of the satellite. Conformality is correct within a few parts per million for the sensing range. Distortion is essentially constant along lines of constant distance parallel to the ground track. The space-oblique Mercator is the only projection presented that takes the rotation of Earth into account. Equations The forward equations for the Space-oblique Mercator projection for the sphere are as follows: References John Hessler, Projecting Time: John Parr Snyder and the Development of the Space Oblique Mercator Projection, Library of Congress, 2003 Snyder's 1981 Paper Detailing the Projection's Derivation Map projections","title":"Space-oblique Mercator projection"},{"docid":"3663509","text":"The Behrmann projection is a cylindrical equal-area map projection described by Walter Behrmann in 1910. Cylindrical equal-area projections differ by their standard parallels, which are parallels along which the projection has no distortion. In the case of the Behrmann projection, the standard parallels are 30°N and 30°S. While equal-area, distortion of shape increases in the Behrmann projection according to distance from the standard parallels. The Behrmann projection has the property that half of the Earth's surface is stretched horizontally and the other half is stretched vertically. This projection is not equidistant. See also List of map projections References External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net Map projections Cylindrical equal-area projections","title":"Behrmann projection"},{"docid":"33429851","text":"Spatial cognition is the acquisition, organization, utilization, and revision of knowledge about spatial environments. It is most about how animals including humans behave within space and the knowledge they built around it, rather than space itself. These capabilities enable individuals to manage basic and high-level cognitive tasks in everyday life. Numerous disciplines (such as cognitive psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, geographic information science, cartography, etc.) work together to understand spatial cognition in different species, especially in humans. Thereby, spatial cognition studies also have helped to link cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Scientists in both fields work together to figure out what role spatial cognition plays in the brain as well as to determine the surrounding neurobiological infrastructure. In humans, spatial cognition is closely related to how people talk about their environment, find their way in new surroundings, and plan routes. Thus a wide range of studies is based on participants reports, performance measures and similar, for example in order to determine cognitive reference frames that allow subjects to perform. In this context the implementation of virtual reality becomes more and more widespread among researchers, since it offers the opportunity to confront participants with unknown environments in a highly controlled manner. Spatial cognition can be seen from a psychological point of view, meaning that people's behaviour within that space is key. When people behave in space, they use cognitive maps, the most evolved form of spatial cognition. When using cognitive maps, information about landmarks and the routes between landmarks are stored and used. This knowledge can be built from various sources; from a tightly coordinated vision and locomotion (movement), but also from map symbols, verbal descriptions, and computer-based pointing systems. According to Montello, space is implicitly referring to a person's body and their associated actions. He mentions different kinds of space; figural space which is a space smaller than the body, vista space which the space is more extended than the human body, environmental space which is learned by locomotion, and geographical space which is the biggest space and can only be learned through cartographic representation. However, since space is represented in the human brain, this can also lead to distortions. When perceiving space and distance, a distortion can occur. Distances are perceived differently on whether they are considered between a given location and a location that has a high cognitive saliency, meaning that it stands out. Different perceived locations and distances can have a \"reference point\", which are better known than others, more frequently visited and more visible. There are other kinds of distortions as well. Furthermore, there the distortion in distance estimation and the distortion in angle alignment. Distortion in angle alignment means that your personal north will be viewed as \"the north\". The map is mentally represented according to the orientation of the personal point of view of learning. Since perceived distortion is \"subjective\" and not necessarily correlated with \"objective distance\", distortions can happen in this phenomenon too. There can be an overestimation in downtown routes, routes with turns, curved","title":"Spatial cognition"},{"docid":"14740464","text":"A stereoplotter uses stereo photographs to determine elevations. It has been the primary method to plot contour lines on topographic maps since the 1930s. Although the specific devices have advanced technologically, they are all based on the apparent change in position of a feature in the two stereo photographs. Stereoplotters have changed as technology has improved. The first stereoplotters where projection stereoplotters they used only the light rays and optics to adjust the image. The Kelsh Plotter is an example of the projection stereoplotters. The analog stereoplotters came next and were more sophisticated in that they used more sophisticated optics to view the image. The analytical stereoplotter is used today. It incorporates a computer which does the work of mathematically aligning the images so that they line up properly. The analytic stereoplotter also allows for storing the data and redrawing at any desired scale. Analogical The stereoplotter requires two photographs that have considerable overlap (60%) and are corrected for distortion due to angle of photo. The photos are put onto transparent media and projected with a light source. Each image will be projected with overlap on the other. The operator, using a special set of optics, would then see the image as three-dimensional due to the differing perspective of each photo. The optics of the stereoplotter is what allows the operator to plot the contours and features. The light source used to project the photo is what begins the process. One photo is projected using cyan/blue filter and the other photo is projected with a red filter. The operator wears a special set of glasses that have the same color filter for lenses. Seeing the left photo in blue light while the left eye has the blue filter and the right photo projected with red light and the right eye seeing through the red filter, the overlapping image becomes three-dimensional. The images will have control points that detail how the overlap of the photos should occur. The resultant overlapping image is called an anaglyph and is a three-dimensional model of the terrain. Once the two photos are projected and the desired control points aligned the operator will then start to record the desired elevations on the terrain by \"flying\" a light spot along the contours. If the light spot appears to hover above the terrain or appears to dive into the terrain, the operator knows that he has moved it too far away from a slope or too far toward a slope, respectively. Originally, stereoplotters recorded the path of the flying light spot by directly scribing the path on a sheet of acetate or polyester coated with an opaque lacquer, which could be photographed to make the topographic map printing plates. If mistakes were made during contour tracing, the operator would daub some lacquer on the incorrect trace, allow it to dry and then try flying the light spot again. Current systems that use digital capture techniques allow simple erasure of part of the faulty data vector in computer memory,","title":"Stereoplotter"},{"docid":"59758307","text":"A Valeriepieris circle is a figure drawn on the Earth's surface such that the majority of the human population lives within its interior. The concept was originally popularized by a map posted on Reddit in 2013, made by a Texas ESL teacher named Ken Myers, whose username on the site gave the figure its name. Myers's original circle covers only about 6.7% of the Earth's total surface area, with a radius of around , centered in the South China Sea. The map became a popular meme, and was featured in numerous internet media outlets. Myers's original map uses the Winkel tripel projection, which means that his circle, not having been adjusted to the projection, does not correspond to a circle on the surface of a sphere. In 2015, Singaporean professor Danny Quah—with the aid of an intern named Ken Teoh—verified Myers's original claim, as well as presenting a new, considerably smaller circle centered on the township of Mong Khet in Myanmar, with a radius of . In fact, Quah claimed this circle to be the smallest one possible, having been produced from more rigorous calculations and updated data, as well as being a proper circle on the Earth's surface. In 2022, Myers's original circle was again tested by Riaz Shah, a professor at Hult International Business School. Shah used recently published data from the United Nations' World Population Prospects to estimate that 4.2 billion people lived inside the circle as of 2022, out of a total human population of 8 billion. Myers's idea has been formalized and a Valeriepieris circle can be defined for any spatial area, like a single country. These generalised Valeriepieris circles can be used for studying population changes over time, dimensional reduction and measuring population centralization. A python package to compute Valeriepieris circles is available. References Geographical regions World population Population density World maps Internet memes","title":"Valeriepieris circle"},{"docid":"651822","text":"Orthographic projection in cartography has been used since antiquity. Like the stereographic projection and gnomonic projection, orthographic projection is a perspective (or azimuthal) projection in which the sphere is projected onto a tangent plane or secant plane. The point of perspective for the orthographic projection is at infinite distance. It depicts a hemisphere of the globe as it appears from outer space, where the horizon is a great circle. The shapes and areas are distorted, particularly near the edges. History The orthographic projection has been known since antiquity, with its cartographic uses being well documented. Hipparchus used the projection in the 2nd century BC to determine the places of star-rise and star-set. In about 14 BC, Roman engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio used the projection to construct sundials and to compute sun positions. Vitruvius also seems to have devised the term orthographic (from the Greek orthos (= “straight”) and graphē (= “drawing”)) for the projection. However, the name analemma, which also meant a sundial showing latitude and longitude, was the common name until François d'Aguilon of Antwerp promoted its present name in 1613. The earliest surviving maps on the projection appear as crude woodcut drawings of terrestrial globes of 1509 (anonymous), 1533 and 1551 (Johannes Schöner), and 1524 and 1551 (Apian). A highly-refined map, designed by Renaissance polymath Albrecht Dürer and executed by Johannes Stabius, appeared in 1515. Photographs of the Earth and other planets from spacecraft have inspired renewed interest in the orthographic projection in astronomy and planetary science. Mathematics The formulas for the spherical orthographic projection are derived using trigonometry. They are written in terms of longitude (λ) and latitude (φ) on the sphere. Define the radius of the sphere R and the center point (and origin) of the projection (λ0, φ0). The equations for the orthographic projection onto the (x, y) tangent plane reduce to the following: Latitudes beyond the range of the map should be clipped by calculating the angular distance c from the center of the orthographic projection. This ensures that points on the opposite hemisphere are not plotted: . The point should be clipped from the map if cos(c) is negative. That is, all points that are included in the mapping satisfy: . The inverse formulas are given by: where For computation of the inverse formulas the use of the two-argument atan2 form of the inverse tangent function (as opposed to atan) is recommended. This ensures that the sign of the orthographic projection as written is correct in all quadrants. The inverse formulas are particularly useful when trying to project a variable defined on a (λ, φ) grid onto a rectilinear grid in (x, y). Direct application of the orthographic projection yields scattered points in (x, y), which creates problems for plotting and numerical integration. One solution is to start from the (x, y) projection plane and construct the image from the values defined in (λ, φ) by using the inverse formulas of the orthographic projection. See References for an ellipsoidal version of the orthographic","title":"Orthographic map projection"},{"docid":"2515660","text":"The universal polar stereographic (UPS) coordinate system is used in conjunction with the universal transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system to locate positions on the surface of the Earth. Like the UTM coordinate system, the UPS coordinate system uses a metric-based cartesian grid laid out on a conformally projected surface. UPS covers the Earth's polar regions, specifically the areas north of 84°N and south of 80°S, which are not covered by the UTM grids, plus an additional 30 minutes of latitude extending into UTM grid to provide some overlap between the two systems. In the polar regions, directions can become complicated, with all geographic north–south lines converging at the poles. The difference between UPS grid north and true north can therefore be anything up to 180°—in some places, grid north is true south, and vice versa. UPS grid north is arbitrarily defined as being along the prime meridian in the Antarctic and the 180th meridian in the Arctic; thus, east and west on the grids when moving directly away from the pole are along the 90°E and 90°W meridians respectively. Projection system As the name indicates, the UPS system uses a stereographic projection. Specifically, the projection used in the system is a secant version based on an elliptical model of the earth. The scale factor at each pole is adjusted to 0.994 so that the latitude of true scale is 81.11451786859362545° (about 81° 06' 52.3\") North and South. The scale factor inside the regions at latitudes higher than this parallel is too small, whereas the regions at latitudes below this line have scale factors that are too large, reaching 1.0016 at 80° latitude. The scale factor at the origin (the poles) is adjusted to minimize the overall distortion of scale within the mapped region. As with the Mercator projection, the region near the tangent (or secant) point on a Stereographic map remains very close to true scale for an angular distance of a few degrees. In the ellipsoidal model, a stereographic projection tangent to the pole has a scale factor of less than 1.003 at 84° latitude and 1.008 at 80° latitude. The adjustment of the scale factor in the UPS projection reduces the average scale distortion over the entire zone. References External links National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Geospatial Sciences Publications GeographicLib provides a utility GeoConvert (with source code) for conversions between geographic, UTM, UPS, and MGRS. Here is an online version of GeoConvert. Geographic coordinate systems","title":"Universal polar stereographic coordinate system"},{"docid":"12484243","text":"Wagner VI is a pseudocylindrical whole Earth map projection. Like the Robinson projection, it is a compromise projection, not having any special attributes other than a pleasing, low distortion appearance. Wagner VI is equivalent to the Kavrayskiy VII horizontally elongated by a factor of . This elongation results in proper preservation of shapes near the equator but slightly more distortion overall. The aspect ratio of this projection is 2:1, as formed by the ratio of the equator to the central meridian. This matches the ratio of Earth’s equator to any meridian. The Wagner VI is defined by: where is the longitude and is the latitude. Inverse formula: See also List of map projections Cartography Kavrayskiy VII projection Robinson projection References Map projections","title":"Wagner VI projection"},{"docid":"20250761","text":"The Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) was an Einstein probe that planned to focus on investigating dark energy. JDEM was a partnership between NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In August 2010, the Board on Physics and Astronomy of the National Science Foundation (NSF) recommended the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) mission, a renamed JDEM-Omega proposal which has superseded SNAP, Destiny, and Advanced Dark Energy Physics Telescope (ADEPT), as the highest priority for development in the decade around 2020. This would be a 1.5-meter telescope with a 144-megapixel HgCdTe focal plane array, located at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point. The expected cost is around US$1.6 billion. Earlier proposals Dark Energy Space Telescope (Destiny) The Dark Energy Space Telescope (Destiny), was a planned project by NASA and DOE, designed to perform precision measurements of the universe to provide an understanding of dark energy. The space telescope will derive the expansion of the universe by measuring up to 3,000 distant supernovae each year of its three-year mission lifetime, and will additionally study the structure of matter in the universe by measuring millions of galaxies in a weak gravitational lensing survey. The Destiny spacecraft features an optical telescope with a 1.8 metre primary mirror. The telescope images infrared light onto an array of solid-state detectors. The mission is designed to be deployed in a halo orbit about the Sun-Earth Lagrange point. The Destiny proposal has been superseded by the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) mission was proposed to provide an understanding of the mechanism driving the acceleration of the universe and determine the nature of dark energy. To achieve these goals, the spacecraft needed to be able to detect these supernova when they are at their brightest moment. The mission was proposed as an experiment for the JDEM. The satellite observatory would be capable of measuring up to 2,000 distant supernovae each year of its three-year mission lifetime. SNAP was also planned to observe the small distortions of light from distant galaxies to reveal more about the expansion history of the universe. SNAP was initially planned to launch in 2013. To understand what is driving the acceleration of the universe, scientists need to see greater redshifts from supernovas than what is seen from Earth. The SNAP would detect redshifts of 1.7 from distant supernovas up to 10 billion light years away. At this distance, the acceleration of the universe is easily seen. To measure the presence of dark energy, a process called weak lensing can be used. The SNAP would have used an optical setup called the three-mirror anastigmat. This consists of a main mirror with a diameter of 2 meters to take in light. It reflects this light to a second mirror. Then this light is transferred to two additional smaller mirrors which direct the light to the spacecraft's instruments. It will also contain 72 different cameras. 36 of them are able to detect visible light and the other","title":"Joint Dark Energy Mission"},{"docid":"44885218","text":"A rhumbline network (or windrose network) is a navigational aid consisting in multiple lines in a web-like grid drawn on portolan charts (and other early maps). These nautical charts were used in the medieval age and age of exploration in marine navigation. Since the invention of the Mercator projection , the term rhumb line (or loxodrome) has been redefined to mean a mathematically precise curve of constant bearing on the Earth's surface. To avoid confusion, the lines on earlier sailing charts can be unambiguously called windrose lines, since they are not true rhumb lines by the modern definition. A rhumb line in the modern sense is only straight on a chart drawn with the Mercator projection, but not on charts from the 13th–16th centuries. Older windrose lines were a close approximation on charts of the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding areas, but the rhumb lines on small-scale maps such as the Teixeira planisphere were highly inaccurate. The grid can be easily spotted (as parchment is quite translucent) by observing a chart from its rear face, with a light source illuminating the other side. The hole in the center of the circle, origin of the whole network, is also clearly visible from the rear. Use of windrose lines on a rhumbline network To calculate on a portolan chart the course to follow from a point of origin to a point of destination, one should transfer — using a parallel rule — the \"line of course\" drawn from the point of origin to the point of destination, on top of the windrose line on the compass rose closest to the ship's position, obtaining on it the theoretical course to be followed when sailing towards the destination. This theoretical course may have to be modified (as many times as needed) when tacking if the wind is right ahead of you, or to correct the effects of leeway, currents, etc. that a sailor with experience should be able to calculate empirically. Rhumblines vs. windrose lines Before modern accurate surveying, there was no method for measuring longitude at sea so maps used to have many distortions, especially in the east west direction. There was also distortion due to the curvature of the Earth's surface. The multitude of compass roses with straight lines extending outwards across the map derived from how the maps were then made by compiling empirical observations from navigators who attempted to follow a constant bearing at sea. All portolan maps share these characteristic \"windrose networks\", which emanate from compass roses located at various points on the map (or mapamundi). These better called \"windrose lines\" are generated \"by observation and the compass\", and are designated today as \"lines of course\" or \"lines of rhumb\" (\"rhumb lines\" in the fourteenth century, traced on portolan's particular projection, though not to be confused with modern rhumb lines, meridians or isoazimuthals). To understand that those lines should be better called \"windrose lines\", one has to know that portolan maps are characterized by the lack of map projection, for","title":"Rhumbline network"},{"docid":"25001172","text":"This is a summary of map projections that have articles of their own on Wikipedia or that are otherwise notable. Because there is no limit to the number of possible map projections, there can be no comprehensive list. Table of projections *The first known popularizer/user and not necessarily the creator. Key Type of projection surface Cylindrical In normal aspect, these map regularly-spaced meridians to equally spaced vertical lines, and parallels to horizontal lines. Pseudocylindrical In normal aspect, these map the central meridian and parallels as straight lines. Other meridians are curves (or possibly straight from pole to equator), regularly spaced along parallels. Conic In normal aspect, conic (or conical) projections map meridians as straight lines, and parallels as arcs of circles. Pseudoconical In normal aspect, pseudoconical projections represent the central meridian as a straight line, other meridians as complex curves, and parallels as circular arcs. Azimuthal In standard presentation, azimuthal projections map meridians as straight lines and parallels as complete, concentric circles. They are radially symmetrical. In any presentation (or aspect), they preserve directions from the center point. This means great circles through the central point are represented by straight lines on the map. Pseudoazimuthal In normal aspect, pseudoazimuthal projections map the equator and central meridian to perpendicular, intersecting straight lines. They map parallels to complex curves bowing away from the equator, and meridians to complex curves bowing in toward the central meridian. Listed here after pseudocylindrical as generally similar to them in shape and purpose. Other Typically calculated from formula, and not based on a particular projection Polyhedral maps Polyhedral maps can be folded up into a polyhedral approximation to the sphere, using particular projection to map each face with low distortion. Properties Conformal Preserves angles locally, implying that local shapes are not distorted and that local scale is constant in all directions from any chosen point. Equal-area Area measure is conserved everywhere. Compromise Neither conformal nor equal-area, but a balance intended to reduce overall distortion. Equidistant All distances from one (or two) points are correct. Other equidistant properties are mentioned in the notes. Gnomonic All great circles are straight lines. Retroazimuthal Direction to a fixed location B (by the shortest route) corresponds to the direction on the map from A to B. Perspective Can be constructed by light shining through a globe onto a developable surface. See also 360 video projection List of national coordinate reference systems Snake Projection Notes Further reading","title":"List of map projections"},{"docid":"1334311","text":"Nicolas Auguste Tissot (; March 16, 1824 – July 14, 1907) was a French cartographer, who in 1859 and 1881 published an analysis of the distortion that occurs on map projections. He devised Tissot's indicatrix, or distortion circle, which when plotted on a map will appear as an ellipse whose elongation depends on the amount of distortion by the map at that point. The angle and extent of the elongation represents the amount of angular distortion of the map. The size of the ellipse indicates the amount that the area is distorted. Biography Born in Nancy, Meurthe, France, Tissot was trained as an engineer in the French Army, from which he graduated as capitaine du génie. In the early 1860s he became an instructor in geodesy at the well-reputed Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. Around the same time, he indulged a research program meant to determine the best way of cartographic projection for a particular region and presented his findings to the French Académie des Sciences. In the eighteenth century, the German cartographer Johann H. Lambert had enunciated a mathematical theory of map projections and of the attendant characteristics of distortions that any given projection involved. Carl Friedrich Gauss had also studied the subject before Tissot's contributions later in the nineteenth century. Tissot's research in the mid-1850s on methods for finding good projections for particular regions led him to develop a projection that he saw as optimal. While not quite equal-area or conformal, his projection resulted in \"negligible distortion for a very small region.\" Subsequently, his optimal projection was adopted by the geographic service of the French Army. While his first concepts regarding cartographic distortions developed in mid-century, it was only with the publication of Mémoire sur la représentation des surfaces et les projections des cartes géographiques in 1881 that the Tissot's Indicatrix became popular. In the book, Tissot argued for his method, reportedly demonstrating that \"whatever the system of transformation, there is at each point on the spherical surface at least one pair of orthogonal directions which will also be orthogonal on the projection.\" Tissot employed a graphical device he called the ellipse indicatrice or distortion circle. When plotted on a map it reveals the amount of distortion by the map at the particular point where the ellipse is plotted. He suggested that the angle and extent of the elongation of the distortion circle represented the amount of angular distortion of the map, while the size of the ellipse corresponded to the amount of distortion in area. In a nineteenth-century cartographic context, in which professionals looked for ways to apply mathematical principles to the science of mapping and the map projection, Tissot's theory was favorably received, at least in continental Europe. Even in the more restrained Anglo-American academic world, a columnist of Science, a publication sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, hailed Tissot's method and encouraged his readers to study his work in the hope that such a study \"will lead to the adoption of better","title":"Nicolas Auguste Tissot"},{"docid":"2514694","text":"The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a map projection system for assigning coordinates to locations on the surface of the Earth. Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth surface as a perfect ellipsoid. However, it differs from global latitude/longitude in that it divides earth into 60 zones and projects each to the plane as a basis for its coordinates. Specifying a location means specifying the zone and the x, y coordinate in that plane. The projection from spheroid to a UTM zone is some parameterization of the transverse Mercator projection. The parameters vary by nation or region or mapping system. Most zones in UTM span 6 degrees of longitude, and each has a designated central meridian. The scale factor at the central meridian is specified to be 0.9996 of true scale for most UTM systems in use. History The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website states that the system was developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, starting in the early 1940s. However, a series of aerial photos found in the Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv (the military section of the German Federal Archives) apparently dating from 1943–1944 bear the inscription UTMREF followed by grid letters and digits, and projected according to the transverse Mercator, a finding that would indicate that something called the UTM Reference system was developed in the 1942–43 time frame by the Wehrmacht. It was probably carried out by the Abteilung für Luftbildwesen (Department for Aerial Photography). From 1947 onward the US Army employed a very similar system, but with the now-standard 0.9996 scale factor at the central meridian as opposed to the German 1.0. For areas within the contiguous United States the Clarke Ellipsoid of 1866 was used. For the remaining areas of Earth, including Hawaii, the International Ellipsoid was used. The World Geodetic System WGS84 ellipsoid is now generally used to model the Earth in the UTM coordinate system, which means current UTM northing at a given point can differ up to 200 meters from the old. For different geographic regions, other datum systems can be used. Prior to the development of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system, several European nations demonstrated the utility of grid-based conformal maps by mapping their territory during the interwar period. Calculating the distance between two points on these maps could be performed more easily in the field (using the Pythagorean theorem) than was possible using the trigonometric formulas required under the graticule-based system of latitude and longitude. In the post-war years, these concepts were extended into the Universal Transverse Mercator/Universal Polar Stereographic (UTM/UPS) coordinate system, which is a global (or universal) system of grid-based maps. The transverse Mercator projection is a variant of the Mercator projection, which was originally developed by the Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator, in 1570. This projection is conformal, which means it preserves angles and therefore shapes across small regions. However, it distorts distance and area. Definitions UTM","title":"Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system"},{"docid":"36814009","text":"The central cylindrical projection is a perspective cylindrical map projection. It corresponds to projecting the Earth's surface onto a cylinder tangent to the equator as if from a light source at Earth's center. The cylinder is then cut along one of the projected meridians and unrolled into a flat map. The projection is neither conformal nor equal-area. Distortion increases so rapidly away from the equator that the central cylindrical is only used as an easily understood illustration of projection, rather than for practical maps. Its vertical stretching is even greater than that of the Mercator projection, whose construction method is sometimes erroneously described equivalently to the central cylindrical's. The scale becomes infinite at the poles. It is not known who first developed the projection, but it appeared with other new cylindrical projections in the 19th century, and regularly finds its way into textbooks, chiefly to illustrate that this is not the way the Mercator is constructed. As with any cylindrical projection, the construction can be generalized by positioning the cylinder to be tangent to a great circle of the globe that is not the equator. This projection has prominent use in panoramic photography, where it is usually called the \"cylindrical projection\". It can present a full 360° panorama and preserves vertical lines. Unlike other cylindrical projections, it gives correct perspective for tall objects, an important trait for architectural scenes. Formulae R denotes the radius of the generating globe; φ is the latitude; λ is the longitude; λ0 is the longitude of the central meridian; and x and y are the mapped coordinates. See also Gnomonic projection List of map projections References Map projections Cylindrical projections","title":"Central cylindrical projection"},{"docid":"51784","text":"In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane. In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. Projection is a necessary step in creating a two-dimensional map and is one of the essential elements of cartography. All projections of a sphere on a plane necessarily distort the surface in some way and to some extent. Depending on the purpose of the map, some distortions are acceptable and others are not; therefore, different map projections exist in order to preserve some properties of the sphere-like body at the expense of other properties. The study of map projections is primarily about the characterization of their distortions. There is no limit to the number of possible map projections. More generally, projections are considered in several fields of pure mathematics, including differential geometry, projective geometry, and manifolds. However, the term \"map projection\" refers specifically to a cartographic projection. Despite the name's literal meaning, projection is not limited to perspective projections, such as those resulting from casting a shadow on a screen, or the rectilinear image produced by a pinhole camera on a flat film plate. Rather, any mathematical function that transforms coordinates from the curved surface distinctly and smoothly to the plane is a projection. Few projections in practical use are perspective. Most of this article assumes that the surface to be mapped is that of a sphere. The Earth and other large celestial bodies are generally better modeled as oblate spheroids, whereas small objects such as asteroids often have irregular shapes. The surfaces of planetary bodies can be mapped even if they are too irregular to be modeled well with a sphere or ellipsoid. Therefore, more generally, a map projection is any method of flattening a continuous curved surface onto a plane. The most well-known map projection is the Mercator projection. This map projection has the property of being conformal. However, it has been criticized throughout the 20th century for enlarging regions further from the equator. To contrast, equal-area projections such as the Sinusoidal projection and the Gall–Peters projection show the correct sizes of countries relative to each other, but distort angles. The National Geographic Society and most atlases favor map projections that compromise between area and angular distortion, such as the Robinson projection and the Winkel tripel projection. Metric properties of maps Many properties can be measured on the Earth's surface independently of its geography: Area Shape Direction Bearing Distance Map projections can be constructed to preserve some of these properties at the expense of others. Because the Earth's curved surface is not isometric to a plane, preservation of shapes inevitably requires a variable scale and, consequently, non-proportional presentation of areas. Similarly, an area-preserving projection can not be conformal, resulting in shapes and bearings distorted in most places of the map. Each projection preserves, compromises, or approximates","title":"Map projection"},{"docid":"28955607","text":"The equidistant conic projection is a conic map projection commonly used for maps of small countries as well as for larger regions such as the continental United States that are elongated east-to-west. Also known as the simple conic projection, a rudimentary version was described during the 2nd century CE by the Greek astronomer and geographer Ptolemy in his work Geography. The projection has the useful property that distances along the meridians are proportionately correct, and distances are also correct along two standard parallels that the mapmaker has chosen. The two standard parallels are also free of distortion. For maps of regions elongated east-to-west (such as the continental United States) the standard parallels are chosen to be about a sixth of the way inside the northern and southern limits of interest. This way distortion is minimized throughout the region of interest. Transformation Coordinates from a spherical datum can be transformed to an equidistant conic projection with rectangular coordinates by using the following formulas, where λ is the longitude, λ the reference longitude, φ the latitude, φ the reference latitude, and φ and φ the standard parallels: where Constants n, G, and ρ need only be determined once for the entire map. If one standard parallel is used (i.e. φ = φ), the formula for n above is indeterminate, but then The reference point (λ, φ) with longitude λ and latitude φ, transforms to the x,y origin at (0,0) in the rectangular coordinate system. The Y axis maps the central meridian λ, with y increasing northwards, which is orthogonal to the X axis mapping the central parallel φ, with x increasing eastwards. Other versions of these transformation formulae include parameters to offset the map coordinates so that all x,y values are positive, as well as a scaling parameter relating the radius of the sphere (Earth) to the units used on the map. The formulae used for ellipsoidal datums are more involved. See also List of map projections References Sources External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net Map projections Equidistant projections","title":"Equidistant conic projection"},{"docid":"7710044","text":"The Cassini projection (also sometimes known as the Cassini–Soldner projection or Soldner projection) is a map projection first described in an approximate form by César-François Cassini de Thury in 1745. Its precise formulas were found through later analysis by Johann Georg von Soldner around 1810. It is the transverse aspect of the equirectangular projection, in that the globe is first rotated so the central meridian becomes the \"equator\", and then the normal equirectangular projection is applied. Considering the earth as a sphere, the projection is composed of the operations: where λ is the longitude from the central meridian and φ is the latitude. When programming these equations, the inverse tangent function used is actually the atan2 function, with the first argument sin φ and the second . The reverse operation is composed of the operations: In practice, the projection has always been applied to models of the earth as an ellipsoid, which greatly complicates the mathematical development but is suitable for surveying. Nevertheless, the use of the Cassini projection has largely been superseded by the transverse Mercator projection, at least with central mapping agencies. Distortions Areas along the central meridian, and at right angles to it, are not distorted. Elsewhere, the distortion is largely in a north–south direction, and varies by the square of the distance from the central meridian. As such, the greater the longitudinal extent of the area, the worse the distortion becomes. Due to this, the Cassini projection works best for areas with greater north–south extent than east–west. For example, Ordnance Survey maps of Great Britain used the Cassini projection from 1924 until the introduction of the National Grid. Elliptical form Cassini is known as a spherical projection, but can be generalised as an elliptical form. Considering the earth as an ellipse, the projection is composed of these operations: and M is the meridional distance function. The reverse operation is composed of the operations: If then and Otherwise calculate T and N as above with , and See also Cassini Grid References External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net Ordnance Survey GeoFacts on the Cassini Projection Cassini dans proj4 Map projections Cylindrical projections","title":"Cassini projection"},{"docid":"6990113","text":"The van der Grinten projection is a compromise map projection, which means that it is neither equal-area nor conformal. Unlike perspective projections, the van der Grinten projection is an arbitrary geometric construction on the plane. Van der Grinten projects the entire Earth into a circle. It largely preserves the familiar shapes of the Mercator projection while modestly reducing Mercator's distortion. Polar regions are subject to extreme distortion. Lines of longitude converge to points at the poles. History Alphons J. van der Grinten invented the projection in 1898 and received US patent #751,226 for it and three others in 1904. The National Geographic Society adopted the projection for their reference maps of the world in 1922, raising its visibility and stimulating its adoption elsewhere. In 1988, National Geographic replaced the van der Grinten projection with the Robinson projection. Geometric construction The geometric construction given by van der Grinten can be written algebraically: where x takes the sign of , y takes the sign of φ, and If φ = 0, then Similarly, if λ = λ or φ = ±/2, then In all cases, φ is the latitude, λ is the longitude, and λ is the central meridian of the projection. Van der Grinten IV projection The van der Grinten IV projection is a later polyconic map projection developed by Alphons J. van der Grinten. The central meridian and equator are straight lines. All other meridians and parallels are arcs of circles. See also List of map projections Robinson projection (successor) References Bibliography Map projections","title":"Van der Grinten projection"},{"docid":"2961833","text":"A spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a framework used to precisely measure locations on the surface of Earth as coordinates. It is thus the application of the abstract mathematics of coordinate systems and analytic geometry to geographic space. A particular SRS specification (for example, \"Universal Transverse Mercator WGS 84 Zone 16N\") comprises a choice of Earth ellipsoid, horizontal datum, map projection (except in the geographic coordinate system), origin point, and unit of measure. Thousands of coordinate systems have been specified for use around the world or in specific regions and for various purposes, necessitating transformations between different SRS. Although they date to the Hellenic Period, spatial reference systems are now a crucial basis for the sciences and technologies of Geoinformatics, including cartography, geographic information systems, surveying, remote sensing, and civil engineering. This has led to their standardization in international specifications such as the EPSG codes and ISO 19111:2019 Geographic information—Spatial referencing by coordinates, prepared by ISO/TC 211, also published by the Open Geospatial Consortium as Abstract Specification, Topic 2: Spatial referencing by coordinate. Types of systems The thousands of spatial reference systems used today are based on a few general strategies, which have been defined in the EPSG, ISO, and OGC standards: Geographic coordinate system (or geodetic) A spherical coordinate system measuring locations directly on the Earth (modeled as a sphere or ellipsoid) using latitude (degrees north or south of the equator) and longitude (degrees west or east of a prime meridian). Geocentric coordinate system (or Earth-centered Earth-fixed) A three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system that models the Earth as a three-dimensional object, measuring locations from a center point, usually the center of mass of the Earth, along x, y, and z axes aligned with the equator and the prime meridian. This system is commonly used to track the orbits of satellites, because they are based on the center of mass. Thus, this is the internal coordinate system used by Satellite navigation systems such as GPS to compute locations using multilateration. Projected coordinate system (or planar, grid) A standardized cartesian coordinate system that models the Earth (or more commonly, a large region thereof) as a plane, measuring locations from an arbitrary origin point along x and y axes more or less aligned with the cardinal directions. Each of these systems is based on a particular Map projection to create a planar surface from the curved Earth surface. These are generally defined and used strategically to minimize the distortions inherent to projections. Common examples include the Universal transverse mercator (UTM) and national systems such as the British National Grid, and State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS). Engineering coordinate system (or local, custom) A cartesian coordinate system (2-D or 3-D) that is created bespoke for a small area, often a single engineering project, over which the curvature of the Earth can be safely approximated as flat without significant distortion. Locations are typically measured directly from an arbitrary origin point using surveying techniques. These may or may not be aligned with","title":"Spatial reference system"},{"docid":"37257405","text":"The Gall stereographic projection, presented by James Gall in 1855, is a cylindrical projection. It is neither equal-area nor conformal but instead tries to balance the distortion inherent in any projection. Formulae The projection is conventionally defined as: where λ is the longitude from the central meridian in degrees, φ is the latitude, and R is the radius of the globe used as the model of the earth for projection. It is a perspective projection if the point of projection is allowed to vary with longitude: the point of projection being on the equator on the opposite side of the earth from the point being mapped and with the projective surface being a cylinder secant to the sphere at 45°N and 45°S. Gall called the projection \"stereographic\" because the spacing of the parallels is the same as the spacing of the parallels along the central meridian of the equatorial stereographic projection. The reverse projection is defined as : Braun stereographic projection This later (1867) cylindrical projection by Carl Braun is similar, differing only in the asymmetric scaling horizontally and vertically. This yields a projection tangent to the sphere. Its formula is: See also List of map projections References Bibliography Further reading External links gall in proj4 Progonos.com Map projections Cylindrical projections","title":"Gall stereographic projection"},{"docid":"58246920","text":"The Equal Earth map projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical projection for world maps, invented by Bojan Šavrič, Bernhard Jenny, and Tom Patterson in 2018. It is inspired by the widely used Robinson projection, but unlike the Robinson projection, retains the relative size of areas. The projection equations are simple to implement and fast to evaluate. The features of the Equal Earth projection include: The curved sides of the projection suggest the spherical form of Earth. Straight parallels make it easy to compare how far north or south places are from the equator. Meridians are evenly spaced along any line of latitude. Software for implementing the projection is easy to write and executes efficiently. According to the creators, the projection was created in response to the decision of the Boston public schools to adopt the Gall-Peters projection for world maps in March 2017, to accurately show the relative sizes of equatorial and non-equatorial regions. The decision generated controversy in the world of cartography due to this projection’s extreme distortion in the polar regions. At that time Šavrič, Jenny, and Patterson sought alternative map projections of equal areas for world maps, but could not find any that met their aesthetic criteria. Therefore, they created a new projection that had more visual appeal compared to existing projections of equal areas. As with the Natural Earth projection (2012) by Tom Patterson, a visual method was used to choose the parameters of the projection. A combination of Putniņš P4ʹ and Eckert IV projections was used as the basis. Formulation The projection is formulated as the equations where and refers to latitude and to longitude. Use The first known thematic map published using the Equal Earth projection is a map of the global mean temperature anomaly for July 2018, produced by the NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies. References External links Map projections","title":"Equal Earth projection"},{"docid":"2216927","text":"In computer graphics, cube mapping is a method of environment mapping that uses the six faces of a cube as the map shape. The environment is projected onto the sides of a cube and stored as six square textures, or unfolded into six regions of a single texture. The cube map is generated by first rendering the scene six times from a viewpoint, with the views defined by a 90 degree view frustum representing each cube face. Or if the environment is first considered to be projected onto a sphere, then each face of the cube is its gnomonic projection. In the majority of cases, cube mapping is preferred over the older method of sphere mapping because it eliminates many of the problems that are inherent in sphere mapping such as image distortion, viewpoint dependency, and computational inefficiency. Also, cube mapping provides a much larger capacity to support real-time rendering of reflections relative to sphere mapping because the combination of inefficiency and viewpoint dependency severely limits the ability of sphere mapping to be applied when there is a consistently changing viewpoint. Variants of cube mapping are also commonly used in 360 video projection. History Cube mapping was first proposed in 1986 by Ned Greene in his paper “Environment Mapping and Other Applications of World Projections”, ten years after environment mapping was first put forward by Jim Blinn and Martin Newell. However, hardware limitations on the ability to access six texture images simultaneously made it infeasible to implement cube mapping without further technological developments. This problem was remedied in 1999 with the release of the Nvidia GeForce 256. Nvidia touted cube mapping in hardware as “a breakthrough image quality feature of GeForce 256 that ... will allow developers to create accurate, real-time reflections. Accelerated in hardware, cube environment mapping will free up the creativity of developers to use reflections and specular lighting effects to create interesting, immersive environments.” Today, cube mapping is still used in a variety of graphical applications as a favored method of environment mapping. Advantages Cube mapping is preferred over other methods of environment mapping because of its relative simplicity. Also, cube mapping produces results that are similar to those obtained by ray tracing, but is much more computationally efficient – the moderate reduction in quality is compensated for by large gains in efficiency. Pre-dating cube mapping, sphere mapping has many inherent flaws that made it impractical for most applications. Sphere mapping is view-dependent, meaning that a different texture is necessary for each viewpoint. Therefore, in applications where the viewpoint is mobile, it would be necessary to dynamically generate a new sphere mapping for each new viewpoint (or, to pre-generate a mapping for every viewpoint). Also, a texture mapped onto a sphere's surface must be stretched and compressed, and warping and distortion (particularly along the edge of the sphere) are a direct consequence of this. Although these image flaws can be reduced using certain tricks and techniques like “pre-stretching”, this just adds another layer of complexity to sphere","title":"Cube mapping"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"5645470\",\n \"text\": \"The history of cartography refers to the development and consequences of cartography, or mapmaking technology, throughout human history. Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowing humans to explain and navigate their way through the world. When and how the earliest maps were made is unclear, but maps of local terrain are believed to have been independently invented by many cultures. The earliest surviving maps include cave paintings and etchings on tusk and stone. Maps were produced extensively by ancient Babylon, Greece, Rome, China, and India. The earliest maps ignored the curvature of Earth's surface, both because the shape of the Earth was uncertain and because the curvature is not important across the small areas being mapped. However, since the age of Classical Greece, maps of large regions, and especially of the world, have used projection from a model globe to control how the inevitable distortion gets apportioned on the map. Modern methods of transportation, the use of surveillance aircraft, and more recently the availability of satellite imagery have made documentation of many areas possible that were previously inaccessible. Free online services such as Google Earth have made accurate maps of the world more accessible than ever before. Etymology The English term cartography is modern, borrowed from the French cartographie in the 1840s, itself based on Middle Latin carta \\\"map\\\". Pre-modern era Earliest known maps It is not always clear whether an ancient artifact had been wrought as a map or as something else. The definition of \\\"map\\\" is also not precise. Thus, no single artifact is generally accepted to be the earliest surviving map. Candidates include: A map-like representation of a mountain, river, valleys and routes around Pavlov in the Czech Republic, carved on a mammoth tusk, that has been dated to 25,000 BC. An Aboriginal Australian cylcon that may be as much as 20,000 years old that is thought to depict the Darling River. A map etched on a mammoth bone at Mezhyrich that is about 15,000 years old. Dots dating to 14,500 BC found on the walls of the Lascaux caves map of part of the night sky, including the three bright stars Vega, Deneb, and Altair (the Summer Triangle asterism), as well as the Pleiades star cluster. The Cuevas de El Castillo in Spain that contains a dot map of the Corona Borealis constellation dating from 12,000 BC. A polished chunk of sandstone from a cave in Spanish Navarre, dated to 14,000 BC, that may be symbols for landscape features, such as hills or dwellings, superimposed on animal etchings. Alternatively, it may also represent a spiritual landscape, or simple incisings. Another ancient picture that resembles a map that was created in the late 7th millennium BC in Çatalhöyük, Anatolia, modern Turkey. This wall painting may represent a plan of this Neolithic village; however, recent scholarship has questioned the identification of this painting as a map. The \\\"Saint-Bélec slab\\\" (2200–1600 BC), whose lines and symbols have been argued to represent a cadastral\",\n \"title\": \"History of cartography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7654598\",\n \"text\": \"John Parr Snyder (12 April 1926 – 28 April 1997) was an American cartographer most known for his work on map projections for the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Educated at Purdue and MIT as a chemical engineer, he had a lifetime interest in map projections as a hobby, but found the calculations tedious without the benefit of expensive calculators or computers. At a cartography conference in 1976, he learned of the need for a map projection that would suit the special needs of Landsat satellite imagery. He had recently been able to purchase a pocket calculator (TI-59) of his own and set to work creating what became known as the space-oblique mercator projection, which he provided to the USGS at no charge. He was subsequently offered a job within the USGS within two years, where his work apparently led him to the eventual publication of the definitive technical guide to map projections entitled Map Projections: A Working Manual among other works. He also authored Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections which details the historical development of hundreds of map projections. Snyder developed at least one other projection, called GS50, which uses a complex polynomial to project the 50 U.S. states with minimal distortion. He taught courses on map projection at George Mason University. He was president of the American Cartographic Association (now CaGIS) from 1990–1991 and also served as a secretary to the Washington Map Society. John Snyder died April 28, 1997. Publications An album of map projections. USGS Professional Paper No. 1453. 1989. Bibliography of map projections. USGS Bulletin No. 1856. 1988. Map Projections: A Working Manual USGS Professional Paper 1395. 1987. Map projections used for large-scale quadrangles by the U.S. Geological Survey. USGS Circular No. 982. 1986. Space Oblique Mercator projection mathematical development. USGS Bulletin No. 1518. 1981. See also Snyder equal-area projection References External links Further biographical information Donna Urschel Geography by the Numbers :Staff Member Solves Mystery of Mapping Equations, a biography of J.P. Snyder at the Library of Congress Information and electronic version of Map Projections: A Working Manual About the GS50 projection Obituary posted to CANSPACE forum 1926 births 1997 deaths American cartographers American civil servants Purdue University alumni Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni 20th-century American geologists United States Geological Survey personnel 20th-century cartographers\",\n \"title\": \"John P. Snyder\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"56494038\",\n \"text\": \"The Snake Projection is a continuous map projection typically used as the planar coordinate system for realizing low distortion throughout long linear engineering projects. Details The Snake Projection was originally developed by University College London and Network Rail to provide a continuous low distortion projection for the West Coast Mainline infrastructure works. The parameters defining each Snake Projection are tailored for the specific project; the most typical use is with large-scale linear engineering projects such as rail infrastructure, however the projection is equally applicable to any application requiring a low distortion grid along a linear route (for example pipelines and roads). The name of the projection is derived from the sinuous snake-like nature of the projects it may be designed for. Typical map projection distance distortion characteristics of a Snake Projection are minimal over the whole route within approximately 20 kilometres of the centre line. The principal advantage of the projection is that, for the corridor defining the design space, distances measured on the ground have a nearly one to one relationship with distances in coordinate space (i.e. no scale factor need be applied to convert between distances in grid and distances on the ground). The length of the applicable corridor is variable on a project basis, however when required the projection can extend over several hundreds of kilometres to achieve grid distortion of less than 20 parts per million along the route. The main disadvantage is that away from the design corridor the distortion of the projection is not controlled. The Snake Projection is suited for engineering purposes due to its low distortion characteristics. An example of its differentiation from mapping grids is the 60m increase in length of the London to Birmingham section of the HS2 rail line, purely due to the more accurate grid representation compared to the length when using the national mapping coordinate system British National Grid. Usage The Snake Projection is the engineering coordinate system used for a significant proportion of primary rail routes in the UK, including that of the HS2 London to Birmingham high speed line. For the London to Glasgow West Coast Main Line the distortion in the Snake Projection used is no greater than 20 parts per million within 5 kilometres of either side of the track. Implementation The Snake Projection algorithm converts between geographical and grid coordinates, however the method of technical implementation can vary. One method of implementing a Snake Projection is to define using an NTv2 geodetic transformation coupled with a standard parameterised map projection (such as Transverse Mercator); this is increasing in popularity due to better compatibility with CAD and GIS software. The global EPSG geodetic coordinate system database features several snake projection definitions through the NTv2 approach. Other implementations include those published through the SnakeGrid organisation. See also List of map projections Surveying References Map projections Geodesy Rail infrastructure Surveying Civil engineering\",\n \"title\": \"Snake Projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1785304\",\n \"text\": \"The sinusoidal projection is a pseudocylindrical equal-area map projection, sometimes called the Sanson–Flamsteed or the Mercator equal-area projection. Jean Cossin of Dieppe was one of the first mapmakers to use the sinusoidal, using it in a world map in 1570. The projection represents the poles as points, as they are on the sphere, but the meridians and continents are distorted. The equator and the central meridian are the most accurate parts of the map, having no distortion at all, and the further away from those that one examines, the greater the distortion. The projection is defined by: where is the latitude, λ is the longitude, and λ is the longitude of the central meridian. Scale is constant along the central meridian, and east–west scale is constant throughout the map. Therefore, the length of each parallel on the map is proportional to the cosine of the latitude, as it is on the globe. This makes the left and right bounding meridians of the map into half of a sine wave, each mirroring the other. Each meridian is half of a sine wave with only the amplitude differing, giving the projection its name. Each is shown on the map as longer than the central meridian, whereas on the globe all are the same length. The true distance between two points on a meridian can be measured on the map as the vertical distance between the parallels that intersect the meridian at those points. With no distortion along the central meridian and the equator, distances along those lines are correct, as are the angles of intersection of other lines with those two lines. Distortion is lowest throughout the region of the map close to those lines. Similar projections which wrap the east and west parts of the sinusoidal projection around the North Pole are the Werner and the intermediate Bonne and Bottomley projections. The MODLAND Integerized Sinusoidal Grid, based on the sinusoidal projection, is a geodesic grid developed by the NASA's Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) science team. See also List of map projections Gerardus Mercator, Nicolas Sanson, and John Flamsteed – mathematicians who developed the technique. References External links Pseudocylindrical Projections Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net Map projections Equal-area projections\",\n \"title\": \"Sinusoidal projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7354687\",\n \"text\": \"The Winkel tripel projection (Winkel III), a modified azimuthal map projection of the world, is one of three projections proposed by German cartographer Oswald Winkel (7 January 1874 – 18 July 1953) in 1921. The projection is the arithmetic mean of the equirectangular projection and the Aitoff projection: The name (German for 'triple') refers to Winkel's goal of minimizing three kinds of distortion: area, direction, and distance. Algorithm where λ is the longitude relative to the central meridian of the projection, φ is the latitude, φ is the standard parallel for the equirectangular projection, sinc is the unnormalized cardinal sine function, and In his proposal, Winkel set A closed-form inverse mapping does not exist, and computing the inverse numerically requires the use of iterative methods. Comparison with other projections David M. Goldberg and J. Richard Gott III showed that the Winkel tripel fares better against several other projections analyzed against their measures of distortion, producing minimal distance, Tissot indicatrix ellipticity and area errors, and the least skew of any of the projections they studied. By a different metric, Capek's \\\"Q\\\", the Winkel tripel ranked ninth among a hundred map projections of the world, behind the common Eckert IV projection and Robinson projections. In 1998, the Winkel tripel projection replaced the Robinson projection as the standard projection for world maps made by the National Geographic Society. Many educational institutes and textbooks soon followed National Geographic's example in adopting the projection, most of which still utilize it. See also List of map projections References External links Table of common projections Map projections\",\n \"title\": \"Winkel tripel projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13980071\",\n \"text\": \"The history of longitude describes the centuries-long effort by astronomers, cartographers and navigators to discover a means of determining the longitude of any given place on Earth. The measurement of longitude is important to both cartography and navigation. In particular, for safe ocean navigation, knowledge of both latitude and longitude is required, however latitude can be determined with good accuracy with local astronomical observations. Finding an accurate and practical method of determining longitude took centuries of study and invention by some of the greatest scientists and engineers. Determining longitude relative to the meridian through some fixed location requires that observations be tied to a time scale that is the same at both locations, so the longitude problem reduces to finding a way to coordinate clocks at distant places. Early approaches used astronomical events that could be predicted with great accuracy, such as eclipses, and building clocks, known as chronometers, that could keep time with sufficient accuracy while being transported great distances by ship. Later methods used the telegraph and then radio to synchronize clocks. Today the problem of longitude has been solved to centimeter accuracy through satellite navigation. Longitude before the telescope Eratosthenes in the 3rd century BCE first proposed a system of latitude and longitude for a map of the world. His prime meridian (line of longitude) passed through Alexandria and Rhodes, while his parallels (lines of latitude) were not regularly spaced, but passed through known locations, often at the expense of being straight lines. By the 2nd century BCE Hipparchus was using a systematic coordinate system, based on dividing the circle into 360°, to uniquely specify places on Earth. So longitudes could be expressed as degrees east or west of the primary meridian, as is done today (though the primary meridian is different). He also proposed a method of determining longitude by comparing the local time of a lunar eclipse at two different places, to obtain the difference in longitude between them. This method was not very accurate, given the limitations of the available clocks, and it was seldom done – possibly only once, using the Arbela eclipse of 330 BCE. But the method is sound, and this is the first recognition that longitude can be determined by accurate knowledge of time. Ptolemy, in the 2nd century CE, based his mapping system on estimated distances and directions reported by travellers. Until then, all maps had used a rectangular grid with latitude and longitude as straight lines intersecting at right angles. For large areas this leads to unacceptable distortion, and for his map of the inhabited world, Ptolemy used projections (to use the modern term) with curved parallels that reduced the distortion. No maps (or manuscripts of his work) exist that are older than the 13th century, but in his Geography he gave detailed instructions and latitude and longitude coordinates for hundreds of locations that are sufficient to re-create the maps. While Ptolemy's system is well-founded, the actual data used are of very variable quality, leading to many inaccuracies\",\n \"title\": \"History of longitude\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"276184\",\n \"text\": \"Elastography is any of a class of medical imaging modalities that map the elastic properties and stiffness of soft tissue. The main idea is that whether the tissue is hard or soft will give diagnostic information about the presence or status of disease. For example, cancerous tumours will often be harder than the surrounding tissue, and diseased livers are stiffer than healthy ones. The most prominent techniques use ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to make both the stiffness map and an anatomical image for comparison. Historical background Palpation is the practice of feeling the stiffness of a person's or animal's tissues with the health practitioner's hands. Manual palpation dates back at least to 1500 BC, with the Egyptian Ebers Papyrus and Edwin Smith Papyrus both giving instructions on diagnosis with palpation. In ancient Greece, Hippocrates gave instructions on many forms of diagnosis using palpation, including palpation of the breasts, wounds, bowels, ulcers, uterus, skin, and tumours. In the modern Western world, palpation became considered a respectable method of diagnosis in the 1930s. Since then, the practice of palpation has become widespread, and it is considered an effective method of detecting tumours and other pathologies. Manual palpation has several important limitations: it is limited to tissues accessible to the physician's hand, it is distorted by any intervening tissue, and it is qualitative but not quantitative. Elastography, the measurement of tissue stiffness, seeks to address these challenges. How it works There are numerous elastographic techniques, in development stages from early research to extensive clinical application. Each of these techniques works in a different way. What all methods have in common is that they create a distortion in the tissue, observe and process the tissue response to infer the mechanical properties of the tissue, and then display the results to the operator, usually as an image. Each elastographic method is characterized by the way it does each of these things. Inducing a distortion To image the mechanical properties of tissue, we need to see how it behaves when deformed. There are three main ways of inducing a distortion to observe. These are: Pushing/deforming or vibrating the surface of the body (skin) or organ (prostate) with a probe or a tool, Using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging using ultrasound to remotely create a 'push' inside the tissue, and Using distortions created by normal physiological processes, e.g. pulse or heartbeat. Observing the response The primary way elastographic techniques are categorized is by what imaging modality (type) they use to observe the response. Elastographic techniques use ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pressure/stress sensors in tactile imaging (TI) using tactile sensor(s). There are a handful of other methods that exist as well. The observation of the tissue response can take many forms. In terms of the image obtained, it can be 1-D (i.e. a line), 2-D (a plane), 3-D (a volume), or 0-D (a single value), and it can be a video or a single image. In most cases, the result is displayed to the\",\n \"title\": \"Elastography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8492267\",\n \"text\": \"The General Perspective projection is a map projection. When the Earth is photographed from space, the camera records the view as a perspective projection. When the camera is aimed toward the center of the Earth, the resulting projection is called Vertical Perspective. When aimed in other directions, the resulting projection is called a Tilted Perspective. Perspective and usage The Vertical Perspective is related to the stereographic projection, gnomonic projection, and orthographic projection. These are all true perspective projections, meaning that they result from viewing the globe from some vantage point. They are also azimuthal projections, meaning that the projection surface is a plane tangent to the sphere. This results in correct directions from the center to all other points. The point of perspective, or vantage point, for the General Perspective Projection is at a finite distance. It depicts the earth as it appears from some relatively short distance above the surface, typically a few hundred to a few tens of thousands of kilometers. When tilted, the General Perspective projection, also called the tilted perspective projection, is not azimuthal (see second figure below); directions are not true from the central point, and the projection plane is not tangent to the sphere. Tilted perspectives are common from aerial and low orbit photography, generally taken from at a height measured in kilometers to hundreds of kilometers, rather than the hundreds or thousands of kilometers typical of a vertical perspective. However, Richard Edes Harrison pioneered the use of this projection on strategic maps showing military theaters during WWII. Some prominent Internet mapping tools also use the tilted perspective projection. For example, Google Earth and NASA World Wind show the globe as it appears from space. These applications permit a wide variety of interactive pan and zoom operations, including fly-through simulations, mimicking pictures or movies taken with a hand-held camera from an airplane or spacecraft. History Some forms of the projection were known to the Greeks and Egyptians 2,000 years ago. It was studied by several French and British scientists in the 18th and 19th centuries. However, the projection had little practical value at that time; computationally simpler nonperspective azimuthal projections could be used instead. Space exploration led to a renewed interest in the perspective projection. Now the concern was for a pictorial view from space, not for minimal distortion. A picture taken with a hand-held camera from the window of a spacecraft has a tilted vertical perspective, so the crewed Gemini and Apollo space missions sparked interest in this projection. Mathematics The formulas for the general perspective projection are derived using trigonometry. They are written in terms of longitude (λ) and latitude (φ) on the sphere. Define the radius of the sphere R and the center point (and origin) of the projection (λ0, φ0). The equations for the orthographic projection onto the (x, y) tangent plane reduce to the following: where is the angular distance and denotes the distance from the perspective point to the center of earth. It is positive in the direction\",\n \"title\": \"General Perspective projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14738183\",\n \"text\": \"The Schmidt net is a manual drafting method for the Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection using graph paper. It results in one lateral hemisphere of the Earth with the grid of parallels and meridians. The method is common in geoscience. Construction In the figure, the area-preserving property of the projection can be seen by comparing a grid sector near the center of the net with one at the far right of the net. The two sectors have the same area on the sphere and the same area on the disk. The angle-distorting property can be seen by examining the grid lines; most of them do not intersect at right angles on the Schmidt net. A single Schmidt net can only represent one hemisphere of the earth; typically a pair of Schmidt nets is used to represent both sides of the globe. It is relatively simple to re-plot a gridded map of the world onto a Schmidt net if the azimuth is chosen to be the junction of the equator with any particular meridian from the world-map's grid. Each grid square surrounding this chosen longitude is simply re-plotted into the corresponding distorted grid-square in the Schmidt net. Points of latitude-longitude can be plotted relative to the azimuth's longitude, interpolating between grid lines in the Schmidt net. For greater accuracy, it is helpful to have a net with finer spacing than 10°; spacings of 2° are common. The Schmidt net is not an appropriate grid for representing the Earth's northern or southern hemisphere (because the lines would not correspond to meridians or parallels in such a projection). However, it can be used as a scalar measuring device for projecting latitude-longitude points onto a blank circle of the same size, to produce a Lambert equal-area projection with the azimuth at the north or south pole. The intersection of the parallels with the outer circle can be used as a de facto protractor for plotting a point's longitude as the angle in the polar projection. The Schmidt net's horizontal axis can then be used as a scalar measuring device to convert the point's latitude (relative to the pole) into a radial distance from the centre of the circle. Alternatively, the Schmidt net could be replaced entirely with a correctly projected polar grid, and grid squares from a map re-drawn into this disc. Use Researchers in structural geology use the Lambert azimuthal projection to plot lineation and foliation in rocks, slickensides in faults, and other linear and planar features. In this context the projection is called the equal-area hemispherical projection. The Schmidt net is often used to sketch out the Lambert azimuthal projection for these purposes. Conversely, the Wulff net (\\\"equal-angle projection\\\") is used to plot crystallographic axes and faces. Sources References Technical drawing Map projections\",\n \"title\": \"Schmidt net\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12518245\",\n \"text\": \"The pinhole camera model describes the mathematical relationship between the coordinates of a point in three-dimensional space and its projection onto the image plane of an ideal pinhole camera, where the camera aperture is described as a point and no lenses are used to focus light. The model does not include, for example, geometric distortions or blurring of unfocused objects caused by lenses and finite sized apertures. It also does not take into account that most practical cameras have only discrete image coordinates. This means that the pinhole camera model can only be used as a first order approximation of the mapping from a 3D scene to a 2D image. Its validity depends on the quality of the camera and, in general, decreases from the center of the image to the edges as lens distortion effects increase. Some of the effects that the pinhole camera model does not take into account can be compensated, for example by applying suitable coordinate transformations on the image coordinates; other effects are sufficiently small to be neglected if a high quality camera is used. This means that the pinhole camera model often can be used as a reasonable description of how a camera depicts a 3D scene, for example in computer vision and computer graphics. Geometry The geometry related to the mapping of a pinhole camera is illustrated in the figure. The figure contains the following basic objects: A 3D orthogonal coordinate system with its origin at O. This is also where the camera aperture is located. The three axes of the coordinate system are referred to as X1, X2, X3. Axis X3 is pointing in the viewing direction of the camera and is referred to as the optical axis, principal axis, or principal ray. The plane which is spanned by axes X1 and X2 is the front side of the camera, or principal plane. An image plane, where the 3D world is projected through the aperture of the camera. The image plane is parallel to axes X1 and X2 and is located at distance from the origin O in the negative direction of the X3 axis, where f is the focal length of the pinhole camera. A practical implementation of a pinhole camera implies that the image plane is located such that it intersects the X3 axis at coordinate -f where f > 0. A point R at the intersection of the optical axis and the image plane. This point is referred to as the principal point or image center. A point P somewhere in the world at coordinate relative to the axes X1, X2, and X3. The projection line of point P into the camera. This is the green line which passes through point P and the point O. The projection of point P onto the image plane, denoted Q. This point is given by the intersection of the projection line (green) and the image plane. In any practical situation we can assume that > 0 which means that the intersection point\",\n \"title\": \"Pinhole camera model\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3663444\",\n \"text\": \"In cartography, the Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection, or Lambert cylindrical projection, is a cylindrical equal-area projection. This projection is undistorted along the equator, which is its standard parallel, but distortion increases rapidly towards the poles. Like any cylindrical projection, it stretches parallels increasingly away from the equator. The poles accrue infinite distortion, becoming lines instead of points. History The projection was invented by the Swiss mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert and described in his 1772 treatise, Beiträge zum Gebrauche der Mathematik und deren Anwendung, part III, section 6: Anmerkungen und Zusätze zur Entwerfung der Land- und Himmelscharten, translated as, Notes and Comments on the Composition of Terrestrial and Celestial Maps. Lambert's projection is the basis for the cylindrical equal-area projection family. Lambert chose the equator as the parallel of no distortion. By multiplying the projection's height by some factor and dividing the width by the same factor, the regions of no distortion can be moved to any desired pair of parallels north and south of the equator. These variations, particularly the Gall–Peters projection, are more commonly encountered in maps than Lambert’s original projection due to their lower distortion overall. Formulae where φ is the latitude, λ is the longitude and λ is the central meridian. See also List of map projections Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection Lambert conformal conic projection References External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net Map projections Cylindrical equal-area projections\",\n \"title\": \"Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1968518\",\n \"text\": \"In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image. It is a form of optical aberration. Radial distortion Although distortion can be irregular or follow many patterns, the most commonly encountered distortions are radially symmetric, or approximately so, arising from the symmetry of a photographic lens. These radial distortions can usually be classified as either barrel distortions or pincushion distortions. Mathematically, barrel and pincushion distortion are quadratic, meaning they increase as the square of distance from the center. In mustache distortion the quartic (degree 4) term is significant: in the center, the degree 2 barrel distortion is dominant, while at the edge the degree 4 distortion in the pincushion direction dominates. Other distortions are in principle possible – pincushion in center and barrel at the edge, or higher order distortions (degree 6, degree 8) – but do not generally occur in practical lenses, and higher order distortions are small relative to the main barrel and pincushion effects. Occurrence In photography, distortion is particularly associated with zoom lenses, particularly large-range zooms, but may also be found in prime lenses, and depends on focal distance – for example, the Canon EF 50mm 1.4 exhibits barrel distortion at extremely short focal distances. Barrel distortion may be found in wide-angle lenses, and is often seen at the wide-angle end of zoom lenses, while pincushion distortion is often seen in older or low-end telephoto lenses. Mustache distortion is observed particularly on the wide end of zooms, with certain retrofocus lenses, and more recently on large-range zooms such as the Nikon 18–200 mm. A certain amount of pincushion distortion is often found with visual optical instruments, e.g., binoculars, where it serves to counteract the globe effect. In order to understand these distortions, it should be remembered that these are radial defects; the optical systems in question have rotational symmetry (omitting non-radial defects), so the didactically correct test image would be a set of concentric circles having even separation – like a shooter's target. It will then be observed that these common distortions actually imply a nonlinear radius mapping from the object to the image: What is seemingly pincushion distortion, is actually simply an exaggerated radius mapping for large radii in comparison with small radii. A graph showing radius transformations (from object to image) will be steeper in the upper (rightmost) end. Conversely, barrel distortion is actually a diminished radius mapping for large radii in comparison with small radii. A graph showing radius transformations (from object to image) will be less steep in the upper (rightmost) end. Chromatic aberration Radial distortion that depends on wavelength is called \\\"lateral chromatic aberration\\\" – \\\"lateral\\\" because radial, \\\"chromatic\\\" because dependent on color (wavelength). This can cause colored fringes in high-contrast areas in the outer parts of the image. This should not be confused with axial (longitudinal) chromatic aberration, which causes aberrations throughout the field, particularly purple fringing. Origin of terms The names for these distortions\",\n \"title\": \"Distortion (optics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3909097\",\n \"text\": \"In mathematics, a projection is an idempotent mapping of a set (or other mathematical structure) into a subset (or sub-structure). In this case, idempotent means that projecting twice is the same as projecting once. The restriction to a subspace of a projection is also called a projection, even if the idempotence property is lost. An everyday example of a projection is the casting of shadows onto a plane (sheet of paper): the projection of a point is its shadow on the sheet of paper, and the projection (shadow) of a point on the sheet of paper is that point itself (idempotency). The shadow of a three-dimensional sphere is a closed disk. Originally, the notion of projection was introduced in Euclidean geometry to denote the projection of the three-dimensional Euclidean space onto a plane in it, like the shadow example. The two main projections of this kind are: The projection from a point onto a plane or central projection: If C is a point, called the center of projection, then the projection of a point P different from C onto a plane that does not contain C is the intersection of the line CP with the plane. The points P such that the line CP is parallel to the plane does not have any image by the projection, but one often says that they project to a point at infinity of the plane (see Projective geometry for a formalization of this terminology). The projection of the point C itself is not defined. The projection parallel to a direction D, onto a plane or parallel projection: The image of a point P is the intersection with the plane of the line parallel to D passing through P. See for an accurate definition, generalized to any dimension. The concept of projection in mathematics is a very old one, and most likely has its roots in the phenomenon of the shadows cast by real-world objects on the ground. This rudimentary idea was refined and abstracted, first in a geometric context and later in other branches of mathematics. Over time different versions of the concept developed, but today, in a sufficiently abstract setting, we can unify these variations. In cartography, a map projection is a map of a part of the surface of the Earth onto a plane, which, in some cases, but not always, is the restriction of a projection in the above meaning. The 3D projections are also at the basis of the theory of perspective. The need for unifying the two kinds of projections and of defining the image by a central projection of any point different of the center of projection are at the origin of projective geometry. However, a projective transformation is a bijection of a projective space, a property not shared with the projections of this article. Definition Generally, a mapping where the domain and codomain are the same set (or mathematical structure) is a projection if the mapping is idempotent, which means that a projection is equal to\",\n \"title\": \"Projection (mathematics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"180583\",\n \"text\": \"The Dymaxion map or Fuller map is a projection of a world map onto the surface of an icosahedron, which can be unfolded and flattened to two dimensions. The flat map is heavily interrupted in order to preserve shapes and sizes. The projection was invented by Buckminster Fuller. The March 1, 1943, edition of Life magazine included a photographic essay titled \\\"Life Presents R. Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion World\\\". The article included several examples of its use together with a pull-out section that could be assembled as a \\\"three-dimensional approximation of a globe or laid out as a flat map, with which the world may be fitted together and rearranged to illuminate special aspects of its geography\\\". Fuller applied for a patent in the United States in February 1944, showing a projection onto a cuboctahedron, which he called \\\"dymaxion\\\". The patent was issued in January 1946. In 1954, Fuller and cartographer Shoji Sadao produced the Airocean World Map, a version of the Dymaxion map that used a modified but mostly regular icosahedron as the base for the projection. The version most commonly referred to today, it depicts Earth's continents as \\\"one island\\\", or nearly contiguous land masses. The Dymaxion projection is intended only for representations of the entire globe. It is not a gnomonic projection, whereby global data expands from the center point of a tangent facet outward to the edges. Instead, each triangle edge of the Dymaxion map matches the scale of a partial great circle on a corresponding globe, and other points within each facet shrink toward its middle, rather than enlarging to the peripheries. Fuller's 1980 version of the Dymaxion map was the first definition and use of a mathematical transformation process to make the map. It is a polyhedral map projection. The name Dymaxion was applied by Fuller to several of his inventions. Properties Though neither conformal nor equal-area, Fuller claimed that his map had several advantages over other projections for world maps. It has less distortion of relative size of areas, most notably when compared to the Mercator projection; and less distortion of shapes of areas, notably when compared to the Gall–Peters projection. Other compromise projections attempt a similar trade-off. More unusually, the Dymaxion map does not have any \\\"right way up\\\". Fuller argued that in the universe there is no \\\"up\\\" and \\\"down\\\", or \\\"north\\\" and \\\"south\\\": only \\\"in\\\" and \\\"out\\\". Gravitational forces of the stars and planets created \\\"in\\\", meaning \\\"towards the gravitational center\\\", and \\\"out\\\", meaning \\\"away from the gravitational center\\\". He attributed the north-up-superior/south-down-inferior presentation of most other world maps to cultural bias. Fuller intended the map to be unfolded in different ways to emphasize different aspects of the world. Peeling the triangular faces of the icosahedron apart in one way results in an icosahedral net that shows an almost contiguous land mass comprising all of Earth's continents – not groups of continents divided by oceans. Peeling the solid apart in a different way presents a view of the world dominated by\",\n \"title\": \"Dymaxion map\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1032887\",\n \"text\": \"The Mollweide projection is an equal-area, pseudocylindrical map projection generally used for maps of the world or celestial sphere. It is also known as the Babinet projection, homalographic projection, homolographic projection, and elliptical projection. The projection trades accuracy of angle and shape for accuracy of proportions in area, and as such is used where that property is needed, such as maps depicting global distributions. The projection was first published by mathematician and astronomer Karl (or Carl) Brandan Mollweide (1774–1825) of Leipzig in 1805. It was reinvented and popularized in 1857 by Jacques Babinet, who gave it the name homalographic projection. The variation homolographic arose from frequent nineteenth-century usage in star atlases. Properties The Mollweide is a pseudocylindrical projection in which the equator is represented as a straight horizontal line perpendicular to a central meridian that is one-half the equator's length. The other parallels compress near the poles, while the other meridians are equally spaced at the equator. The meridians at 90 degrees east and west form a perfect circle, and the whole earth is depicted in a proportional 2:1 ellipse. The proportion of the area of the ellipse between any given parallel and the equator is the same as the proportion of the area on the globe between that parallel and the equator, but at the expense of shape distortion, which is significant at the perimeter of the ellipse, although not as severe as in the sinusoidal projection. Shape distortion may be diminished by using an interrupted version. A sinusoidal interrupted Mollweide projection discards the central meridian in favor of alternating half-meridians which terminate at right angles to the equator. This has the effect of dividing the globe into lobes. In contrast, a parallel interrupted Mollweide projection uses multiple disjoint central meridians, giving the effect of multiple ellipses joined at the equator. More rarely, the projection can be drawn obliquely to shift the areas of distortion to the oceans, allowing the continents to remain truer to form. The Mollweide, or its properties, has inspired the creation of several other projections, including the Goode's homolosine, van der Grinten and the Boggs eumorphic. Mathematical formulation The projection transforms from latitude and longitude to map coordinates x and y via the following equations: where θ is an auxiliary angle defined by and λ is the longitude, λ is the central meridian, φ is the latitude, and R is the radius of the globe to be projected. The map has area 4R, conforming to the surface area of the generating globe. The x-coordinate has a range of [−2R, 2R], and the y-coordinate has a range of [−R, R]. Equation (1) may be solved with rapid convergence (but slow near the poles) using Newton–Raphson iteration: If φ = ±, then also θ = ±. In that case the iteration should be bypassed; otherwise, division by zero may result. There exists a closed-form inverse transformation: where θ can be found by the relation The inverse transformations allow one to find the latitude and longitude corresponding to\",\n \"title\": \"Mollweide projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7711317\",\n \"text\": \"The Chamberlin trimetric projection is a map projection where three points are fixed on the globe and the points on the sphere are mapped onto a plane by triangulation. It was developed in 1946 by Wellman Chamberlin for the National Geographic Society. Chamberlin was chief cartographer for the Society from 1964 to 1971. The projection's principal feature is that it compromises between distortions of area, direction, and distance. A Chamberlin trimetric map therefore gives an excellent overall sense of the region being mapped. Many National Geographic Society maps of single continents use this projection. As originally implemented, the projection algorithm begins with the selection of three base points to form a spherical triangle minimally enclosing the area to be mapped. These points are mapped at the correct distance from each other according to the map’s chosen scale; aside from arbitrary rotation and translation, the position of the three points on the plane are unambiguous because a triangle is determined by the lengths of its sides. To map any point P, the spherical distances from each of the base points to P are calculated. Using each of the three mapped base points as center, a circle is drawn with radius equal to the scale spherical distance of P from the base point. The three circles will always intersect at one, two, or three points. Intersecting at one point happens only at the base points, which are already mapped and therefore need no further processing. Intersecting at two points happens only along the straight line between two mapped base points. Chamberlin did not specify how to handle this case, but it would be determined by which definition of triangle center is chosen, as noted next. In the remaining case, which is most of the map, connecting the three points of intersection of the circles by line segments creates a small triangle. The position of P′ is determined by the center of the triangle. Chamberlin did not specify which definition of center to use. A Chamberlin trimetric projection map was originally obtained by graphically mapping points at regular intervals of latitude and longitude, with shorelines and other features then mapped by interpolation. Based on the principles of the projection, precise, but lengthy, mathematical formulas were later developed for calculating this projection by computer for a spherical Earth. The Chamberlin trimetric projection is neither conformal nor equal-area. Rather, the projection was conceived to minimize distortion of distances everywhere with the side-effect of balancing between areal equivalence and conformality. This projection is not appropriate for mapping the entire sphere because the outer boundary would loop and overlap itself in most configurations. In some cases, the Chamberlin trimetric projection is difficult to distinguish visually from the Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection centered on the same area. See also Two-point equidistant projection References External links The Chamberlin Trimetric Projection - Implementations of the projection using Matlab scripts. The Chamberlin Trimetric Projection - Notes on the projection from a cartography class at Colorado State University. Map projections\",\n \"title\": \"Chamberlin trimetric projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"26410981\",\n \"text\": \"In cartography, the normal cylindrical equal-area projection is a family of normal cylindrical, equal-area map projections. History The invention of the Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection is attributed to the Swiss mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert in 1772. Variations of it appeared over the years by inventors who stretched the height of the Lambert and compressed the width commensurately in various ratios. Description The projection: is cylindrical, that means it has a cylindrical projection surface is normal, that means it has a normal aspect is an equal-area projection, that means any two areas in the map have the same relative size compared to their size on the sphere. The term \\\"normal cylindrical projection\\\" is used to refer to any projection in which meridians are mapped to equally spaced vertical lines and circles of latitude are mapped to horizontal lines (or, mutatis mutandis, more generally, radial lines from a fixed point are mapped to equally spaced parallel lines and concentric circles around it are mapped to perpendicular lines). The mapping of meridians to vertical lines can be visualized by imagining a cylinder whose axis coincides with the Earth's axis of rotation, then projecting onto the cylinder, and subsequently unfolding the cylinder. By the geometry of their construction, cylindrical projections stretch distances east-west. The amount of stretch is the same at any chosen latitude on all cylindrical projections, and is given by the secant of the latitude as a multiple of the equator's scale. The various cylindrical projections are distinguished from each other solely by their north-south stretching (where latitude is given by φ): The only normal cylindrical projections that preserve area have a north-south compression precisely the reciprocal of east-west stretching (cos φ). This divides north-south distances by a factor equal to the secant of the latitude, preserving area but distorting shapes. East–west scale matching the north–south scale Depending on the stretch factor S, any particular cylindrical equal-area projection either has zero, one or two latitudes for which the east–west scale matches the north–south scale. S>1 : zero S=1 : one, that latitude is the equator S<1 : a pair of identical latitudes of opposite sign Formulae The formulae presume a spherical model and use these definitions: λ is the longitude λ is the central meridian φ is the latitude φ is the standard latitude S is the stretch factor x is the horizontal coordinate of the projected location on the map y is the vertical coordinate of the projected location on the map Relationship between and : Specializations The specializations differ only in the ratio of the vertical to horizontal axis. Some specializations have been described, promoted, or otherwise named. Derivatives The Tobler hyperelliptical projection, first described by Tobler in 1973, is a further generalization of the cylindrical equal-area family. The HEALPix projection is an equal-area hybrid combination of: the Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection, for the equatorial regions of the sphere; and an interrupted Collignon projection, for the polar regions. References External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections,\",\n \"title\": \"Cylindrical equal-area projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7688641\",\n \"text\": \"A geodesic grid is a spatial grid based on a geodesic polyhedron or Goldberg polyhedron. History The earliest use of the (icosahedral) geodesic grid in geophysical modeling dates back to 1968 and the work by Sadourny, Arakawa, and Mintz and Williamson. Later work expanded on this base. Construction A geodesic grid is a global Earth reference that uses triangular tiles based on the subdivision of a polyhedron (usually the icosahedron, and usually a Class I subdivision) to subdivide the surface of the Earth. Such a grid does not have a straightforward relationship to latitude and longitude, but conforms to many of the main criteria for a statistically valid discrete global grid. Primarily, the cells' area and shape are generally similar, especially near the poles where many other spatial grids have singularities or heavy distortion. The popular Quaternary Triangular Mesh (QTM) falls into this category. Geodesic grids may use the dual polyhedron of the geodesic polyhedron, which is the Goldberg polyhedron. Goldberg polyhedra are made up of hexagons and (if based on the icosahedron) 12 pentagons. One implementation that uses an icosahedron as the base polyhedron, hexagonal cells, and the Snyder equal-area projection is known as the Icosahedron Snyder Equal Area (ISEA) grid. Applications In biodiversity science, geodesic grids are a global extension of local discrete grids that are staked out in field studies to ensure appropriate statistical sampling and larger multi-use grids deployed at regional and national levels to develop an aggregated understanding of biodiversity. These grids translate environmental and ecological monitoring data from multiple spatial and temporal scales into assessments of current ecological condition and forecasts of risks to our natural resources. A geodesic grid allows local to global assimilation of ecologically significant information at its own level of granularity. When modeling the weather, ocean circulation, or the climate, partial differential equations are used to describe the evolution of these systems over time. Because computer programs are used to build and work with these complex models, approximations need to be formulated into easily computable forms. Some of these numerical analysis techniques (such as finite differences) require the area of interest to be subdivided into a grid — in this case, over the shape of the Earth. Geodesic grids can be used in video game development to model fictional worlds instead of the Earth. They are a natural analog of the hex map to a spherical surface. Pros and cons Pros: Largely isotropic. Resolution can be easily increased by binary division. Does not suffer from over sampling near the poles like more traditional rectangular longitude–latitude square grids. Does not result in dense linear systems like spectral methods do (see also Gaussian grid). No single points of contact between neighboring grid cells. Square grids and isometric grids suffer from the ambiguous problem of how to handle neighbors that only touch at a single point. Cells can be both minimally distorted and near-equal-area. In contrast, square grids are not equal area, while equal-area rectangular grids vary in shape from equator to poles.\",\n \"title\": \"Geodesic grid\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"25187803\",\n \"text\": \"In mathematics, the distortion is a measure of the amount by which a function from the Euclidean plane to itself distorts circles to ellipses. If the distortion of a function is equal to one, then it is conformal; if the distortion is bounded and the function is a homeomorphism, then it is quasiconformal. The distortion of a function ƒ of the plane is given by which is the limiting eccentricity of the ellipse produced by applying ƒ to small circles centered at z. This geometrical definition is often very difficult to work with, and the necessary analytical features can be extrapolated to the following definition. A mapping ƒ : Ω → R2 from an open domain in the plane to the plane has finite distortion at a point x ∈ Ω if ƒ is in the Sobolev space W(Ω, R2), the Jacobian determinant J(x,ƒ) is locally integrable and does not change sign in Ω, and there is a measurable function K(x) ≥ 1 such that almost everywhere. Here Df is the weak derivative of ƒ, and |Df| is the Hilbert–Schmidt norm. For functions on a higher-dimensional Euclidean space Rn, there are more measures of distortion because there are more than two principal axes of a symmetric tensor. The pointwise information is contained in the distortion tensor The outer distortion KO and inner distortion KI are defined via the Rayleigh quotients The outer distortion can also be characterized by means of an inequality similar to that given in the two-dimensional case. If Ω is an open set in Rn, then a function has finite distortion if its Jacobian is locally integrable and does not change sign, and there is a measurable function KO (the outer distortion) such that almost everywhere. See also Deformation (mechanics) References . . Conformal mappings Real analysis Complex analysis Topology Measure theory Euclidean geometry\",\n \"title\": \"Distortion (mathematics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2721825\",\n \"text\": \"In cartography, a Tissot's indicatrix (Tissot indicatrix, Tissot's ellipse, Tissot ellipse, ellipse of distortion) (plural: \\\"Tissot's indicatrices\\\") is a mathematical contrivance presented by French mathematician Nicolas Auguste Tissot in 1859 and 1871 in order to characterize local distortions due to map projection. It is the geometry that results from projecting a circle of infinitesimal radius from a curved geometric model, such as a globe, onto a map. Tissot proved that the resulting diagram is an ellipse whose axes indicate the two principal directions along which scale is maximal and minimal at that point on the map. A single indicatrix describes the distortion at a single point. Because distortion varies across a map, generally Tissot's indicatrices are placed across a map to illustrate the spatial change in distortion. A common scheme places them at each intersection of displayed meridians and parallels. These schematics are important in the study of map projections, both to illustrate distortion and to provide the basis for the calculations that represent the magnitude of distortion precisely at each point. Because all ellipses on the map occupy the same area, the distortion imposed by the map projection is evident. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the Tissot indicatrix and the metric tensor of the map projection coordinate conversion. Description Tissot's theory was developed in the context of cartographic analysis. Generally the geometric model represents the Earth, and comes in the form of a sphere or ellipsoid. Tissot's indicatrices illustrate linear, angular, and areal distortions of maps: A map distorts distances (linear distortion) wherever the quotient between the lengths of an infinitesimally short line as projected onto the projection surface, and as it originally is on the Earth model, deviates from 1. The quotient is called the scale factor. Unless the projection is conformal at the point being considered, the scale factor varies by direction around the point. A map distorts angles wherever the angles measured on the model of the Earth are not conserved in the projection. This is expressed by an ellipse of distortion which is not a circle. A map distorts areas wherever areas measured in the model of the Earth are not conserved in the projection. This is expressed by ellipses of distortion whose areas vary across the map. In conformal maps, where each point preserves angles projected from the geometric model, the Tissot's indicatrices are all circles of size varying by location, possibly also with varying orientation (given the four circle quadrants split by meridians and parallels). In equal-area projections, where area proportions between objects are conserved, the Tissot's indicatrices all have the same area, though their shapes and orientations vary with location. In arbitrary projections, both area and shape vary across the map. Mathematics In the diagram below, the circle has unit area as defined on the surface of a sphere. The circle is the Tissot's indicatrix that results from some projection of onto a plane. Linear scale has not been preserved in this projection, as and . Because , we know that\",\n \"title\": \"Tissot's indicatrix\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16390404\",\n \"text\": \"ImageAmerica Aviation, Inc. is an aerial photography company that was acquired by Google in July 2007. The company specialized in creating aerial photos with \\\"accuracy, quick delivery and low cost\\\". It previously sold its services primarily to city, county, state, and federal governments and to corporate customers. ImageAmerica also made money by selling low-cost imagery to county appraisers and assessors. The company's clients include the Texas Department of Transportation, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Lucas County office that covers Toledo, Ohio. For satellite imaging, the company charges US$99 per , compared to other companies which could charge from $500 to $700 and for a lower quality than what ImageAmerica offers. It also developed its own DDP-2 (Direct Digital Panoramic) camera system. The system is housed in an aircraft. It has the ability to capture details as small as to . ImageAmerica's patented processing system has the ability to produce orthorectified imagery corrected for perspective distortions. The company's technology also uses sensors which are based on a unique design from Sarnoff Research Labs in Princeton, New Jersey. The company was founded in and is based in the Spirit of St. Louis Airport, Clayton, Missouri, United States. ImageAmerica builds high resolution cameras for aerial photographs. The company provided high resolution black and white images of New Orleans following the events of Hurricane Katrina. The company's products provide images for Google Maps and Google Earth. When the company was acquired by Google, the acquisition price was not disclosed. After the acquisition, the project manager of Google Maps and Earth said in a statement that Google was excited \\\"about how ImageAmerica’s technology will contribute to [Google's] mapping services down the road.\\\" He went on to say, \\\"Since we're in the research and development phase right now it may be some time before you see any of this imagery in Google Maps or Earth.\\\" In the same month, Google was on an acquisition-spree and had already acquired six other companies: Panoramio, PeakStream, Zenter, Feedburner, GrandCentral, and Postini. References External links Imaging America Companies established in 1998 Photography companies of the United States Google acquisitions 1998 establishments in Missouri\",\n \"title\": \"ImageAmerica\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20771\",\n \"text\": \"The Mercator projection () is a conformal cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It became the standard map projection for navigation due to its ability to represent north as 'up' and south as 'down' everywhere while preserving local directions and shapes. However, as a result, the Mercator projection inflates the size of objects the further they are from the equator. In a Mercator projection, landmasses such as Greenland and Antarctica appear far larger than they actually are relative to landmasses near the equator. Despite these drawbacks, the Mercator projection is well-suited to marine navigation and internet web maps and continues to be widely used today. History There is some controversy over the origins of the Mercator. German polymath Erhard Etzlaub engraved miniature \\\"compass maps\\\" (about 10×8 cm) of Europe and parts of Africa that spanned latitudes 0°–67° to allow adjustment of his portable pocket-size sundials. The projection found on these maps, dating to 1511, was stated by John Snyder in 1987 to be the same projection as Mercator's. However, given the geometry of a sundial, these maps may well have been based on the similar central cylindrical projection, a limiting case of the gnomonic projection, which is the basis for a sundial. Snyder amended his assessment to \\\"a similar projection\\\" in 1993. Joseph Needham, a historian of China, speculated that some star charts of the Chinese Song Dynasty may have been based on the Mercator projection; however, this claim was presented without evidence, and astronomical historian Kazuhiko Miyajima concluded using cartometric analysis that these charts used an equirectangular projection instead. Portuguese mathematician and cosmographer Pedro Nunes first described the mathematical principle of the loxodrome and its use in marine navigation. In 1537, he proposed constructing a nautical atlas composed of several large-scale sheets in the equirectangular projection as a way to minimize distortion of directions. If these sheets were brought to the same scale and assembled, they would approximate the Mercator projection. In 1569, Gerhard Kremer, known by his trade name Gerardus Mercator, announced a new projection by publishing a large planispheric map measuring and printed in eighteen separate sheets. Mercator titled the map : \\\"A new and augmented description of Earth corrected for the use of sailors\\\". This title, along with an elaborate explanation for using the projection that appears as a section of text on the map, shows that Mercator understood exactly what he had achieved and that he intended the projection to aid navigation. Mercator never explained the method of construction or how he arrived at it. Various hypotheses have been tendered over the years, but in any case Mercator's friendship with Pedro Nunes and his access to the loxodromic tables Nunes created likely aided his efforts. English mathematician Edward Wright published the first accurate tables for constructing the projection in 1599 and, in more detail, in 1610, calling his treatise \\\"Certaine Errors in Navigation\\\". The first mathematical formulation was publicized around 1645 by a mathematician named Henry Bond (–1678).\",\n \"title\": \"Mercator projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"61469969\",\n \"text\": \"In map projections, an interruption is any place where the globe has been split. All map projections are interrupted at at least one point. Typical world maps are interrupted along an entire meridian. In that typical case, the interruption forms an east/west boundary, even though the globe has no boundaries. Most map projections can be interrupted beyond what is required by the projection mathematics. The reason for doing so is to improve distortion within the map by sacrificing proximity—that is, by separating places on the globe that ought to be adjacent. Effectively, this means that the resulting map is actually an amalgam of several partial map projections of smaller regions. Because the regions are smaller, they cover less of the globe, are closer to flat, and therefore accrue less inevitable distortion. These extra interruptions do not create a new projection. Rather, the result is an \\\"arrangement\\\" of an existing projection. In casual parlance, interrupted projection usually means a projection that has been interrupted beyond mathematical necessity. In this casual sense, the usual east/west interruption of a pseudocylindric map is ignored as an interruption to focus on the elective interruptions. An archetypical example is the Goode homolosine projection. In 1916, John Paul Goode experimented by interrupting the Mollweide projection. Satisfied with the interruption scheme, he then devised a new projection as a composite of the Mollweide and the sinusoidal projection and applied the same interruption scheme to the new projection, which he dubbed \\\"homolosine\\\". Because pseudocylindric projections map parallels as straight lines, and meridians to have constant spacing, they are easy to interrupt. This is normally done to optimize either for continental areas or for oceanic areas, as explored by Goode. Many interruption schemes that are much more elaborate have been developed. Since antiquity, for example, globe gores have been developed in order to paste map sections onto model globes. These are regular interruption either along the equator, or in polar form as \\\"rosettes\\\". The Cahill butterfly projection divides the world into octahedral sections. More generally, any mapping onto polyhedral faces becomes an interrupted map when laid flat. Buckminster Fuller proposed his \\\"dymaxion\\\" map in 1943, using a modified icosahedral interruption scheme to divide the oceans up in a way that shows the continents in a nearly continuous mass as \\\"one island\\\". The most elaborate interruptions schemes include those of Athelstan Spilhaus along continental boundaries, and JJ Wijk's myriahedral projections. References Map projections\",\n \"title\": \"Interruption (map projection)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1775417\",\n \"text\": \"The equirectangular projection (also called the equidistant cylindrical projection or la carte parallélogrammatique projection), and which includes the special case of the plate carrée projection (also called the geographic projection, lat/lon projection, or plane chart), is a simple map projection attributed to Marinus of Tyre, who Ptolemy claims invented the projection about AD 100. The projection maps meridians to vertical straight lines of constant spacing (for meridional intervals of constant spacing), and circles of latitude to horizontal straight lines of constant spacing (for constant intervals of parallels). The projection is neither equal area nor conformal. Because of the distortions introduced by this projection, it has little use in navigation or cadastral mapping and finds its main use in thematic mapping. In particular, the plate carrée has become a standard for global raster datasets, such as Celestia, NASA World Wind, the USGS Astrogeology Research Program, and Natural Earth, because of the particularly simple relationship between the position of an image pixel on the map and its corresponding geographic location on Earth or other spherical solar system bodies. In addition it is frequently used in panoramic photography to represent a spherical panoramic image. Definition The forward projection transforms spherical coordinates into planar coordinates. The reverse projection transforms from the plane back onto the sphere. The formulae presume a spherical model and use these definitions: is the longitude of the location to project; is the latitude of the location to project; are the standard parallels (north and south of the equator) where the scale of the projection is true; is the central parallel of the map; is the central meridian of the map; is the horizontal coordinate of the projected location on the map; is the vertical coordinate of the projected location on the map; is the radius of the globe. Longitude and latitude variables are defined here in terms of radians. Forward The (French, for flat square), is the special case where is zero. This projection maps x to be the value of the longitude and y to be the value of the latitude, and therefore is sometimes called the latitude/longitude or lat/lon(g) projection. Despite sometimes being called \\\"unprojected\\\", it is actually projected. When the is not zero, such as Marinus's , or Ronald Miller's , the projection can portray particular latitudes of interest at true scale. While a projection with equally spaced parallels is possible for an ellipsoidal model, it would no longer be equidistant because the distance between parallels on an ellipsoid is not constant. More complex formulae can be used to create an equidistant map whose parallels reflect the true spacing. Reverse Alternative names In spherical panorama viewers, usually: is called \\\"yaw\\\"; is called \\\"pitch\\\"; where both are defined in degrees. See also Cartography Cassini projection Gall–Peters projection (mentions a resolution rejecting the use of all rectangular world maps) List of map projections Mercator projection 360 video projection Wikimedia Gallery of Equirectangular World Maps References External links Global MODIS based satellite map The blue marble: land surface, ocean color,\",\n \"title\": \"Equirectangular projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7151375\",\n \"text\": \"Space-oblique Mercator projection is a map projection devised in the 1970s for preparing maps from Earth-survey satellite data. It is a generalization of the oblique Mercator projection that incorporates the time evolution of a given satellite ground track to optimize its representation on the map. The oblique Mercator projection, on the other hand, optimizes for a given geodesic. History The space-oblique Mercator projection (SOM) was developed by John P. Snyder, Alden Partridge Colvocoresses and John L. Junkins in 1976. Snyder had an interest in maps, originating back to his childhood and he regularly attended cartography conferences while on vacation. In 1972, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) needed to develop a system for reducing the amount of distortion caused when satellite pictures of the ellipsoidal Earth were printed on a flat page. Colvocoresses, the head of the USGS's national mapping program, asked attendees of a geodetic sciences conferences for help solving the projection problem in 1976. Snyder attended the conference and became motivated to work on the problem armed with his newly purchased pocket calculator and devised the mathematical formulas needed to solve the problem. After submitting his calculations to Waldo Tobler for review, Snyder submitted these to the USGS at no charge. Impressed with his work, USGS officials offered Snyder a job with the organization, which he accepted. His formulas were used to produce maps from Landsat 4 images launched in the summer of 1978. Projection description The space-oblique Mercator projection provides continual, nearly conformal mapping of the swath sensed by a satellite. Scale is true along the ground track, varying 0.01 percent within the normal sensing range of the satellite. Conformality is correct within a few parts per million for the sensing range. Distortion is essentially constant along lines of constant distance parallel to the ground track. The space-oblique Mercator is the only projection presented that takes the rotation of Earth into account. Equations The forward equations for the Space-oblique Mercator projection for the sphere are as follows: References John Hessler, Projecting Time: John Parr Snyder and the Development of the Space Oblique Mercator Projection, Library of Congress, 2003 Snyder's 1981 Paper Detailing the Projection's Derivation Map projections\",\n \"title\": \"Space-oblique Mercator projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3663509\",\n \"text\": \"The Behrmann projection is a cylindrical equal-area map projection described by Walter Behrmann in 1910. Cylindrical equal-area projections differ by their standard parallels, which are parallels along which the projection has no distortion. In the case of the Behrmann projection, the standard parallels are 30°N and 30°S. While equal-area, distortion of shape increases in the Behrmann projection according to distance from the standard parallels. The Behrmann projection has the property that half of the Earth's surface is stretched horizontally and the other half is stretched vertically. This projection is not equidistant. See also List of map projections References External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net Map projections Cylindrical equal-area projections\",\n \"title\": \"Behrmann projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"33429851\",\n \"text\": \"Spatial cognition is the acquisition, organization, utilization, and revision of knowledge about spatial environments. It is most about how animals including humans behave within space and the knowledge they built around it, rather than space itself. These capabilities enable individuals to manage basic and high-level cognitive tasks in everyday life. Numerous disciplines (such as cognitive psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, geographic information science, cartography, etc.) work together to understand spatial cognition in different species, especially in humans. Thereby, spatial cognition studies also have helped to link cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Scientists in both fields work together to figure out what role spatial cognition plays in the brain as well as to determine the surrounding neurobiological infrastructure. In humans, spatial cognition is closely related to how people talk about their environment, find their way in new surroundings, and plan routes. Thus a wide range of studies is based on participants reports, performance measures and similar, for example in order to determine cognitive reference frames that allow subjects to perform. In this context the implementation of virtual reality becomes more and more widespread among researchers, since it offers the opportunity to confront participants with unknown environments in a highly controlled manner. Spatial cognition can be seen from a psychological point of view, meaning that people's behaviour within that space is key. When people behave in space, they use cognitive maps, the most evolved form of spatial cognition. When using cognitive maps, information about landmarks and the routes between landmarks are stored and used. This knowledge can be built from various sources; from a tightly coordinated vision and locomotion (movement), but also from map symbols, verbal descriptions, and computer-based pointing systems. According to Montello, space is implicitly referring to a person's body and their associated actions. He mentions different kinds of space; figural space which is a space smaller than the body, vista space which the space is more extended than the human body, environmental space which is learned by locomotion, and geographical space which is the biggest space and can only be learned through cartographic representation. However, since space is represented in the human brain, this can also lead to distortions. When perceiving space and distance, a distortion can occur. Distances are perceived differently on whether they are considered between a given location and a location that has a high cognitive saliency, meaning that it stands out. Different perceived locations and distances can have a \\\"reference point\\\", which are better known than others, more frequently visited and more visible. There are other kinds of distortions as well. Furthermore, there the distortion in distance estimation and the distortion in angle alignment. Distortion in angle alignment means that your personal north will be viewed as \\\"the north\\\". The map is mentally represented according to the orientation of the personal point of view of learning. Since perceived distortion is \\\"subjective\\\" and not necessarily correlated with \\\"objective distance\\\", distortions can happen in this phenomenon too. There can be an overestimation in downtown routes, routes with turns, curved\",\n \"title\": \"Spatial cognition\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14740464\",\n \"text\": \"A stereoplotter uses stereo photographs to determine elevations. It has been the primary method to plot contour lines on topographic maps since the 1930s. Although the specific devices have advanced technologically, they are all based on the apparent change in position of a feature in the two stereo photographs. Stereoplotters have changed as technology has improved. The first stereoplotters where projection stereoplotters they used only the light rays and optics to adjust the image. The Kelsh Plotter is an example of the projection stereoplotters. The analog stereoplotters came next and were more sophisticated in that they used more sophisticated optics to view the image. The analytical stereoplotter is used today. It incorporates a computer which does the work of mathematically aligning the images so that they line up properly. The analytic stereoplotter also allows for storing the data and redrawing at any desired scale. Analogical The stereoplotter requires two photographs that have considerable overlap (60%) and are corrected for distortion due to angle of photo. The photos are put onto transparent media and projected with a light source. Each image will be projected with overlap on the other. The operator, using a special set of optics, would then see the image as three-dimensional due to the differing perspective of each photo. The optics of the stereoplotter is what allows the operator to plot the contours and features. The light source used to project the photo is what begins the process. One photo is projected using cyan/blue filter and the other photo is projected with a red filter. The operator wears a special set of glasses that have the same color filter for lenses. Seeing the left photo in blue light while the left eye has the blue filter and the right photo projected with red light and the right eye seeing through the red filter, the overlapping image becomes three-dimensional. The images will have control points that detail how the overlap of the photos should occur. The resultant overlapping image is called an anaglyph and is a three-dimensional model of the terrain. Once the two photos are projected and the desired control points aligned the operator will then start to record the desired elevations on the terrain by \\\"flying\\\" a light spot along the contours. If the light spot appears to hover above the terrain or appears to dive into the terrain, the operator knows that he has moved it too far away from a slope or too far toward a slope, respectively. Originally, stereoplotters recorded the path of the flying light spot by directly scribing the path on a sheet of acetate or polyester coated with an opaque lacquer, which could be photographed to make the topographic map printing plates. If mistakes were made during contour tracing, the operator would daub some lacquer on the incorrect trace, allow it to dry and then try flying the light spot again. Current systems that use digital capture techniques allow simple erasure of part of the faulty data vector in computer memory,\",\n \"title\": \"Stereoplotter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"59758307\",\n \"text\": \"A Valeriepieris circle is a figure drawn on the Earth's surface such that the majority of the human population lives within its interior. The concept was originally popularized by a map posted on Reddit in 2013, made by a Texas ESL teacher named Ken Myers, whose username on the site gave the figure its name. Myers's original circle covers only about 6.7% of the Earth's total surface area, with a radius of around , centered in the South China Sea. The map became a popular meme, and was featured in numerous internet media outlets. Myers's original map uses the Winkel tripel projection, which means that his circle, not having been adjusted to the projection, does not correspond to a circle on the surface of a sphere. In 2015, Singaporean professor Danny Quah—with the aid of an intern named Ken Teoh—verified Myers's original claim, as well as presenting a new, considerably smaller circle centered on the township of Mong Khet in Myanmar, with a radius of . In fact, Quah claimed this circle to be the smallest one possible, having been produced from more rigorous calculations and updated data, as well as being a proper circle on the Earth's surface. In 2022, Myers's original circle was again tested by Riaz Shah, a professor at Hult International Business School. Shah used recently published data from the United Nations' World Population Prospects to estimate that 4.2 billion people lived inside the circle as of 2022, out of a total human population of 8 billion. Myers's idea has been formalized and a Valeriepieris circle can be defined for any spatial area, like a single country. These generalised Valeriepieris circles can be used for studying population changes over time, dimensional reduction and measuring population centralization. A python package to compute Valeriepieris circles is available. References Geographical regions World population Population density World maps Internet memes\",\n \"title\": \"Valeriepieris circle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"651822\",\n \"text\": \"Orthographic projection in cartography has been used since antiquity. Like the stereographic projection and gnomonic projection, orthographic projection is a perspective (or azimuthal) projection in which the sphere is projected onto a tangent plane or secant plane. The point of perspective for the orthographic projection is at infinite distance. It depicts a hemisphere of the globe as it appears from outer space, where the horizon is a great circle. The shapes and areas are distorted, particularly near the edges. History The orthographic projection has been known since antiquity, with its cartographic uses being well documented. Hipparchus used the projection in the 2nd century BC to determine the places of star-rise and star-set. In about 14 BC, Roman engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio used the projection to construct sundials and to compute sun positions. Vitruvius also seems to have devised the term orthographic (from the Greek orthos (= “straight”) and graphē (= “drawing”)) for the projection. However, the name analemma, which also meant a sundial showing latitude and longitude, was the common name until François d'Aguilon of Antwerp promoted its present name in 1613. The earliest surviving maps on the projection appear as crude woodcut drawings of terrestrial globes of 1509 (anonymous), 1533 and 1551 (Johannes Schöner), and 1524 and 1551 (Apian). A highly-refined map, designed by Renaissance polymath Albrecht Dürer and executed by Johannes Stabius, appeared in 1515. Photographs of the Earth and other planets from spacecraft have inspired renewed interest in the orthographic projection in astronomy and planetary science. Mathematics The formulas for the spherical orthographic projection are derived using trigonometry. They are written in terms of longitude (λ) and latitude (φ) on the sphere. Define the radius of the sphere R and the center point (and origin) of the projection (λ0, φ0). The equations for the orthographic projection onto the (x, y) tangent plane reduce to the following: Latitudes beyond the range of the map should be clipped by calculating the angular distance c from the center of the orthographic projection. This ensures that points on the opposite hemisphere are not plotted: . The point should be clipped from the map if cos(c) is negative. That is, all points that are included in the mapping satisfy: . The inverse formulas are given by: where For computation of the inverse formulas the use of the two-argument atan2 form of the inverse tangent function (as opposed to atan) is recommended. This ensures that the sign of the orthographic projection as written is correct in all quadrants. The inverse formulas are particularly useful when trying to project a variable defined on a (λ, φ) grid onto a rectilinear grid in (x, y). Direct application of the orthographic projection yields scattered points in (x, y), which creates problems for plotting and numerical integration. One solution is to start from the (x, y) projection plane and construct the image from the values defined in (λ, φ) by using the inverse formulas of the orthographic projection. See References for an ellipsoidal version of the orthographic\",\n \"title\": \"Orthographic map projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2515660\",\n \"text\": \"The universal polar stereographic (UPS) coordinate system is used in conjunction with the universal transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system to locate positions on the surface of the Earth. Like the UTM coordinate system, the UPS coordinate system uses a metric-based cartesian grid laid out on a conformally projected surface. UPS covers the Earth's polar regions, specifically the areas north of 84°N and south of 80°S, which are not covered by the UTM grids, plus an additional 30 minutes of latitude extending into UTM grid to provide some overlap between the two systems. In the polar regions, directions can become complicated, with all geographic north–south lines converging at the poles. The difference between UPS grid north and true north can therefore be anything up to 180°—in some places, grid north is true south, and vice versa. UPS grid north is arbitrarily defined as being along the prime meridian in the Antarctic and the 180th meridian in the Arctic; thus, east and west on the grids when moving directly away from the pole are along the 90°E and 90°W meridians respectively. Projection system As the name indicates, the UPS system uses a stereographic projection. Specifically, the projection used in the system is a secant version based on an elliptical model of the earth. The scale factor at each pole is adjusted to 0.994 so that the latitude of true scale is 81.11451786859362545° (about 81° 06' 52.3\\\") North and South. The scale factor inside the regions at latitudes higher than this parallel is too small, whereas the regions at latitudes below this line have scale factors that are too large, reaching 1.0016 at 80° latitude. The scale factor at the origin (the poles) is adjusted to minimize the overall distortion of scale within the mapped region. As with the Mercator projection, the region near the tangent (or secant) point on a Stereographic map remains very close to true scale for an angular distance of a few degrees. In the ellipsoidal model, a stereographic projection tangent to the pole has a scale factor of less than 1.003 at 84° latitude and 1.008 at 80° latitude. The adjustment of the scale factor in the UPS projection reduces the average scale distortion over the entire zone. References External links National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Geospatial Sciences Publications GeographicLib provides a utility GeoConvert (with source code) for conversions between geographic, UTM, UPS, and MGRS. Here is an online version of GeoConvert. Geographic coordinate systems\",\n \"title\": \"Universal polar stereographic coordinate system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12484243\",\n \"text\": \"Wagner VI is a pseudocylindrical whole Earth map projection. Like the Robinson projection, it is a compromise projection, not having any special attributes other than a pleasing, low distortion appearance. Wagner VI is equivalent to the Kavrayskiy VII horizontally elongated by a factor of . This elongation results in proper preservation of shapes near the equator but slightly more distortion overall. The aspect ratio of this projection is 2:1, as formed by the ratio of the equator to the central meridian. This matches the ratio of Earth’s equator to any meridian. The Wagner VI is defined by: where is the longitude and is the latitude. Inverse formula: See also List of map projections Cartography Kavrayskiy VII projection Robinson projection References Map projections\",\n \"title\": \"Wagner VI projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20250761\",\n \"text\": \"The Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) was an Einstein probe that planned to focus on investigating dark energy. JDEM was a partnership between NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In August 2010, the Board on Physics and Astronomy of the National Science Foundation (NSF) recommended the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) mission, a renamed JDEM-Omega proposal which has superseded SNAP, Destiny, and Advanced Dark Energy Physics Telescope (ADEPT), as the highest priority for development in the decade around 2020. This would be a 1.5-meter telescope with a 144-megapixel HgCdTe focal plane array, located at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point. The expected cost is around US$1.6 billion. Earlier proposals Dark Energy Space Telescope (Destiny) The Dark Energy Space Telescope (Destiny), was a planned project by NASA and DOE, designed to perform precision measurements of the universe to provide an understanding of dark energy. The space telescope will derive the expansion of the universe by measuring up to 3,000 distant supernovae each year of its three-year mission lifetime, and will additionally study the structure of matter in the universe by measuring millions of galaxies in a weak gravitational lensing survey. The Destiny spacecraft features an optical telescope with a 1.8 metre primary mirror. The telescope images infrared light onto an array of solid-state detectors. The mission is designed to be deployed in a halo orbit about the Sun-Earth Lagrange point. The Destiny proposal has been superseded by the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) mission was proposed to provide an understanding of the mechanism driving the acceleration of the universe and determine the nature of dark energy. To achieve these goals, the spacecraft needed to be able to detect these supernova when they are at their brightest moment. The mission was proposed as an experiment for the JDEM. The satellite observatory would be capable of measuring up to 2,000 distant supernovae each year of its three-year mission lifetime. SNAP was also planned to observe the small distortions of light from distant galaxies to reveal more about the expansion history of the universe. SNAP was initially planned to launch in 2013. To understand what is driving the acceleration of the universe, scientists need to see greater redshifts from supernovas than what is seen from Earth. The SNAP would detect redshifts of 1.7 from distant supernovas up to 10 billion light years away. At this distance, the acceleration of the universe is easily seen. To measure the presence of dark energy, a process called weak lensing can be used. The SNAP would have used an optical setup called the three-mirror anastigmat. This consists of a main mirror with a diameter of 2 meters to take in light. It reflects this light to a second mirror. Then this light is transferred to two additional smaller mirrors which direct the light to the spacecraft's instruments. It will also contain 72 different cameras. 36 of them are able to detect visible light and the other\",\n \"title\": \"Joint Dark Energy Mission\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"44885218\",\n \"text\": \"A rhumbline network (or windrose network) is a navigational aid consisting in multiple lines in a web-like grid drawn on portolan charts (and other early maps). These nautical charts were used in the medieval age and age of exploration in marine navigation. Since the invention of the Mercator projection , the term rhumb line (or loxodrome) has been redefined to mean a mathematically precise curve of constant bearing on the Earth's surface. To avoid confusion, the lines on earlier sailing charts can be unambiguously called windrose lines, since they are not true rhumb lines by the modern definition. A rhumb line in the modern sense is only straight on a chart drawn with the Mercator projection, but not on charts from the 13th–16th centuries. Older windrose lines were a close approximation on charts of the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding areas, but the rhumb lines on small-scale maps such as the Teixeira planisphere were highly inaccurate. The grid can be easily spotted (as parchment is quite translucent) by observing a chart from its rear face, with a light source illuminating the other side. The hole in the center of the circle, origin of the whole network, is also clearly visible from the rear. Use of windrose lines on a rhumbline network To calculate on a portolan chart the course to follow from a point of origin to a point of destination, one should transfer — using a parallel rule — the \\\"line of course\\\" drawn from the point of origin to the point of destination, on top of the windrose line on the compass rose closest to the ship's position, obtaining on it the theoretical course to be followed when sailing towards the destination. This theoretical course may have to be modified (as many times as needed) when tacking if the wind is right ahead of you, or to correct the effects of leeway, currents, etc. that a sailor with experience should be able to calculate empirically. Rhumblines vs. windrose lines Before modern accurate surveying, there was no method for measuring longitude at sea so maps used to have many distortions, especially in the east west direction. There was also distortion due to the curvature of the Earth's surface. The multitude of compass roses with straight lines extending outwards across the map derived from how the maps were then made by compiling empirical observations from navigators who attempted to follow a constant bearing at sea. All portolan maps share these characteristic \\\"windrose networks\\\", which emanate from compass roses located at various points on the map (or mapamundi). These better called \\\"windrose lines\\\" are generated \\\"by observation and the compass\\\", and are designated today as \\\"lines of course\\\" or \\\"lines of rhumb\\\" (\\\"rhumb lines\\\" in the fourteenth century, traced on portolan's particular projection, though not to be confused with modern rhumb lines, meridians or isoazimuthals). To understand that those lines should be better called \\\"windrose lines\\\", one has to know that portolan maps are characterized by the lack of map projection, for\",\n \"title\": \"Rhumbline network\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"25001172\",\n \"text\": \"This is a summary of map projections that have articles of their own on Wikipedia or that are otherwise notable. Because there is no limit to the number of possible map projections, there can be no comprehensive list. Table of projections *The first known popularizer/user and not necessarily the creator. Key Type of projection surface Cylindrical In normal aspect, these map regularly-spaced meridians to equally spaced vertical lines, and parallels to horizontal lines. Pseudocylindrical In normal aspect, these map the central meridian and parallels as straight lines. Other meridians are curves (or possibly straight from pole to equator), regularly spaced along parallels. Conic In normal aspect, conic (or conical) projections map meridians as straight lines, and parallels as arcs of circles. Pseudoconical In normal aspect, pseudoconical projections represent the central meridian as a straight line, other meridians as complex curves, and parallels as circular arcs. Azimuthal In standard presentation, azimuthal projections map meridians as straight lines and parallels as complete, concentric circles. They are radially symmetrical. In any presentation (or aspect), they preserve directions from the center point. This means great circles through the central point are represented by straight lines on the map. Pseudoazimuthal In normal aspect, pseudoazimuthal projections map the equator and central meridian to perpendicular, intersecting straight lines. They map parallels to complex curves bowing away from the equator, and meridians to complex curves bowing in toward the central meridian. Listed here after pseudocylindrical as generally similar to them in shape and purpose. Other Typically calculated from formula, and not based on a particular projection Polyhedral maps Polyhedral maps can be folded up into a polyhedral approximation to the sphere, using particular projection to map each face with low distortion. Properties Conformal Preserves angles locally, implying that local shapes are not distorted and that local scale is constant in all directions from any chosen point. Equal-area Area measure is conserved everywhere. Compromise Neither conformal nor equal-area, but a balance intended to reduce overall distortion. Equidistant All distances from one (or two) points are correct. Other equidistant properties are mentioned in the notes. Gnomonic All great circles are straight lines. Retroazimuthal Direction to a fixed location B (by the shortest route) corresponds to the direction on the map from A to B. Perspective Can be constructed by light shining through a globe onto a developable surface. See also 360 video projection List of national coordinate reference systems Snake Projection Notes Further reading\",\n \"title\": \"List of map projections\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1334311\",\n \"text\": \"Nicolas Auguste Tissot (; March 16, 1824 – July 14, 1907) was a French cartographer, who in 1859 and 1881 published an analysis of the distortion that occurs on map projections. He devised Tissot's indicatrix, or distortion circle, which when plotted on a map will appear as an ellipse whose elongation depends on the amount of distortion by the map at that point. The angle and extent of the elongation represents the amount of angular distortion of the map. The size of the ellipse indicates the amount that the area is distorted. Biography Born in Nancy, Meurthe, France, Tissot was trained as an engineer in the French Army, from which he graduated as capitaine du génie. In the early 1860s he became an instructor in geodesy at the well-reputed Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. Around the same time, he indulged a research program meant to determine the best way of cartographic projection for a particular region and presented his findings to the French Académie des Sciences. In the eighteenth century, the German cartographer Johann H. Lambert had enunciated a mathematical theory of map projections and of the attendant characteristics of distortions that any given projection involved. Carl Friedrich Gauss had also studied the subject before Tissot's contributions later in the nineteenth century. Tissot's research in the mid-1850s on methods for finding good projections for particular regions led him to develop a projection that he saw as optimal. While not quite equal-area or conformal, his projection resulted in \\\"negligible distortion for a very small region.\\\" Subsequently, his optimal projection was adopted by the geographic service of the French Army. While his first concepts regarding cartographic distortions developed in mid-century, it was only with the publication of Mémoire sur la représentation des surfaces et les projections des cartes géographiques in 1881 that the Tissot's Indicatrix became popular. In the book, Tissot argued for his method, reportedly demonstrating that \\\"whatever the system of transformation, there is at each point on the spherical surface at least one pair of orthogonal directions which will also be orthogonal on the projection.\\\" Tissot employed a graphical device he called the ellipse indicatrice or distortion circle. When plotted on a map it reveals the amount of distortion by the map at the particular point where the ellipse is plotted. He suggested that the angle and extent of the elongation of the distortion circle represented the amount of angular distortion of the map, while the size of the ellipse corresponded to the amount of distortion in area. In a nineteenth-century cartographic context, in which professionals looked for ways to apply mathematical principles to the science of mapping and the map projection, Tissot's theory was favorably received, at least in continental Europe. Even in the more restrained Anglo-American academic world, a columnist of Science, a publication sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, hailed Tissot's method and encouraged his readers to study his work in the hope that such a study \\\"will lead to the adoption of better\",\n \"title\": \"Nicolas Auguste Tissot\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2514694\",\n \"text\": \"The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a map projection system for assigning coordinates to locations on the surface of the Earth. Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth surface as a perfect ellipsoid. However, it differs from global latitude/longitude in that it divides earth into 60 zones and projects each to the plane as a basis for its coordinates. Specifying a location means specifying the zone and the x, y coordinate in that plane. The projection from spheroid to a UTM zone is some parameterization of the transverse Mercator projection. The parameters vary by nation or region or mapping system. Most zones in UTM span 6 degrees of longitude, and each has a designated central meridian. The scale factor at the central meridian is specified to be 0.9996 of true scale for most UTM systems in use. History The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website states that the system was developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, starting in the early 1940s. However, a series of aerial photos found in the Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv (the military section of the German Federal Archives) apparently dating from 1943–1944 bear the inscription UTMREF followed by grid letters and digits, and projected according to the transverse Mercator, a finding that would indicate that something called the UTM Reference system was developed in the 1942–43 time frame by the Wehrmacht. It was probably carried out by the Abteilung für Luftbildwesen (Department for Aerial Photography). From 1947 onward the US Army employed a very similar system, but with the now-standard 0.9996 scale factor at the central meridian as opposed to the German 1.0. For areas within the contiguous United States the Clarke Ellipsoid of 1866 was used. For the remaining areas of Earth, including Hawaii, the International Ellipsoid was used. The World Geodetic System WGS84 ellipsoid is now generally used to model the Earth in the UTM coordinate system, which means current UTM northing at a given point can differ up to 200 meters from the old. For different geographic regions, other datum systems can be used. Prior to the development of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system, several European nations demonstrated the utility of grid-based conformal maps by mapping their territory during the interwar period. Calculating the distance between two points on these maps could be performed more easily in the field (using the Pythagorean theorem) than was possible using the trigonometric formulas required under the graticule-based system of latitude and longitude. In the post-war years, these concepts were extended into the Universal Transverse Mercator/Universal Polar Stereographic (UTM/UPS) coordinate system, which is a global (or universal) system of grid-based maps. The transverse Mercator projection is a variant of the Mercator projection, which was originally developed by the Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator, in 1570. This projection is conformal, which means it preserves angles and therefore shapes across small regions. However, it distorts distance and area. Definitions UTM\",\n \"title\": \"Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"36814009\",\n \"text\": \"The central cylindrical projection is a perspective cylindrical map projection. It corresponds to projecting the Earth's surface onto a cylinder tangent to the equator as if from a light source at Earth's center. The cylinder is then cut along one of the projected meridians and unrolled into a flat map. The projection is neither conformal nor equal-area. Distortion increases so rapidly away from the equator that the central cylindrical is only used as an easily understood illustration of projection, rather than for practical maps. Its vertical stretching is even greater than that of the Mercator projection, whose construction method is sometimes erroneously described equivalently to the central cylindrical's. The scale becomes infinite at the poles. It is not known who first developed the projection, but it appeared with other new cylindrical projections in the 19th century, and regularly finds its way into textbooks, chiefly to illustrate that this is not the way the Mercator is constructed. As with any cylindrical projection, the construction can be generalized by positioning the cylinder to be tangent to a great circle of the globe that is not the equator. This projection has prominent use in panoramic photography, where it is usually called the \\\"cylindrical projection\\\". It can present a full 360° panorama and preserves vertical lines. Unlike other cylindrical projections, it gives correct perspective for tall objects, an important trait for architectural scenes. Formulae R denotes the radius of the generating globe; φ is the latitude; λ is the longitude; λ0 is the longitude of the central meridian; and x and y are the mapped coordinates. See also Gnomonic projection List of map projections References Map projections Cylindrical projections\",\n \"title\": \"Central cylindrical projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51784\",\n \"text\": \"In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane. In a map projection, coordinates, often expressed as latitude and longitude, of locations from the surface of the globe are transformed to coordinates on a plane. Projection is a necessary step in creating a two-dimensional map and is one of the essential elements of cartography. All projections of a sphere on a plane necessarily distort the surface in some way and to some extent. Depending on the purpose of the map, some distortions are acceptable and others are not; therefore, different map projections exist in order to preserve some properties of the sphere-like body at the expense of other properties. The study of map projections is primarily about the characterization of their distortions. There is no limit to the number of possible map projections. More generally, projections are considered in several fields of pure mathematics, including differential geometry, projective geometry, and manifolds. However, the term \\\"map projection\\\" refers specifically to a cartographic projection. Despite the name's literal meaning, projection is not limited to perspective projections, such as those resulting from casting a shadow on a screen, or the rectilinear image produced by a pinhole camera on a flat film plate. Rather, any mathematical function that transforms coordinates from the curved surface distinctly and smoothly to the plane is a projection. Few projections in practical use are perspective. Most of this article assumes that the surface to be mapped is that of a sphere. The Earth and other large celestial bodies are generally better modeled as oblate spheroids, whereas small objects such as asteroids often have irregular shapes. The surfaces of planetary bodies can be mapped even if they are too irregular to be modeled well with a sphere or ellipsoid. Therefore, more generally, a map projection is any method of flattening a continuous curved surface onto a plane. The most well-known map projection is the Mercator projection. This map projection has the property of being conformal. However, it has been criticized throughout the 20th century for enlarging regions further from the equator. To contrast, equal-area projections such as the Sinusoidal projection and the Gall–Peters projection show the correct sizes of countries relative to each other, but distort angles. The National Geographic Society and most atlases favor map projections that compromise between area and angular distortion, such as the Robinson projection and the Winkel tripel projection. Metric properties of maps Many properties can be measured on the Earth's surface independently of its geography: Area Shape Direction Bearing Distance Map projections can be constructed to preserve some of these properties at the expense of others. Because the Earth's curved surface is not isometric to a plane, preservation of shapes inevitably requires a variable scale and, consequently, non-proportional presentation of areas. Similarly, an area-preserving projection can not be conformal, resulting in shapes and bearings distorted in most places of the map. Each projection preserves, compromises, or approximates\",\n \"title\": \"Map projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"28955607\",\n \"text\": \"The equidistant conic projection is a conic map projection commonly used for maps of small countries as well as for larger regions such as the continental United States that are elongated east-to-west. Also known as the simple conic projection, a rudimentary version was described during the 2nd century CE by the Greek astronomer and geographer Ptolemy in his work Geography. The projection has the useful property that distances along the meridians are proportionately correct, and distances are also correct along two standard parallels that the mapmaker has chosen. The two standard parallels are also free of distortion. For maps of regions elongated east-to-west (such as the continental United States) the standard parallels are chosen to be about a sixth of the way inside the northern and southern limits of interest. This way distortion is minimized throughout the region of interest. Transformation Coordinates from a spherical datum can be transformed to an equidistant conic projection with rectangular coordinates by using the following formulas, where λ is the longitude, λ the reference longitude, φ the latitude, φ the reference latitude, and φ and φ the standard parallels: where Constants n, G, and ρ need only be determined once for the entire map. If one standard parallel is used (i.e. φ = φ), the formula for n above is indeterminate, but then The reference point (λ, φ) with longitude λ and latitude φ, transforms to the x,y origin at (0,0) in the rectangular coordinate system. The Y axis maps the central meridian λ, with y increasing northwards, which is orthogonal to the X axis mapping the central parallel φ, with x increasing eastwards. Other versions of these transformation formulae include parameters to offset the map coordinates so that all x,y values are positive, as well as a scaling parameter relating the radius of the sphere (Earth) to the units used on the map. The formulae used for ellipsoidal datums are more involved. See also List of map projections References Sources External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net Map projections Equidistant projections\",\n \"title\": \"Equidistant conic projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7710044\",\n \"text\": \"The Cassini projection (also sometimes known as the Cassini–Soldner projection or Soldner projection) is a map projection first described in an approximate form by César-François Cassini de Thury in 1745. Its precise formulas were found through later analysis by Johann Georg von Soldner around 1810. It is the transverse aspect of the equirectangular projection, in that the globe is first rotated so the central meridian becomes the \\\"equator\\\", and then the normal equirectangular projection is applied. Considering the earth as a sphere, the projection is composed of the operations: where λ is the longitude from the central meridian and φ is the latitude. When programming these equations, the inverse tangent function used is actually the atan2 function, with the first argument sin φ and the second . The reverse operation is composed of the operations: In practice, the projection has always been applied to models of the earth as an ellipsoid, which greatly complicates the mathematical development but is suitable for surveying. Nevertheless, the use of the Cassini projection has largely been superseded by the transverse Mercator projection, at least with central mapping agencies. Distortions Areas along the central meridian, and at right angles to it, are not distorted. Elsewhere, the distortion is largely in a north–south direction, and varies by the square of the distance from the central meridian. As such, the greater the longitudinal extent of the area, the worse the distortion becomes. Due to this, the Cassini projection works best for areas with greater north–south extent than east–west. For example, Ordnance Survey maps of Great Britain used the Cassini projection from 1924 until the introduction of the National Grid. Elliptical form Cassini is known as a spherical projection, but can be generalised as an elliptical form. Considering the earth as an ellipse, the projection is composed of these operations: and M is the meridional distance function. The reverse operation is composed of the operations: If then and Otherwise calculate T and N as above with , and See also Cassini Grid References External links Table of examples and properties of all common projections, from radicalcartography.net Ordnance Survey GeoFacts on the Cassini Projection Cassini dans proj4 Map projections Cylindrical projections\",\n \"title\": \"Cassini projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6990113\",\n \"text\": \"The van der Grinten projection is a compromise map projection, which means that it is neither equal-area nor conformal. Unlike perspective projections, the van der Grinten projection is an arbitrary geometric construction on the plane. Van der Grinten projects the entire Earth into a circle. It largely preserves the familiar shapes of the Mercator projection while modestly reducing Mercator's distortion. Polar regions are subject to extreme distortion. Lines of longitude converge to points at the poles. History Alphons J. van der Grinten invented the projection in 1898 and received US patent #751,226 for it and three others in 1904. The National Geographic Society adopted the projection for their reference maps of the world in 1922, raising its visibility and stimulating its adoption elsewhere. In 1988, National Geographic replaced the van der Grinten projection with the Robinson projection. Geometric construction The geometric construction given by van der Grinten can be written algebraically: where x takes the sign of , y takes the sign of φ, and If φ = 0, then Similarly, if λ = λ or φ = ±/2, then In all cases, φ is the latitude, λ is the longitude, and λ is the central meridian of the projection. Van der Grinten IV projection The van der Grinten IV projection is a later polyconic map projection developed by Alphons J. van der Grinten. The central meridian and equator are straight lines. All other meridians and parallels are arcs of circles. See also List of map projections Robinson projection (successor) References Bibliography Map projections\",\n \"title\": \"Van der Grinten projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2961833\",\n \"text\": \"A spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a framework used to precisely measure locations on the surface of Earth as coordinates. It is thus the application of the abstract mathematics of coordinate systems and analytic geometry to geographic space. A particular SRS specification (for example, \\\"Universal Transverse Mercator WGS 84 Zone 16N\\\") comprises a choice of Earth ellipsoid, horizontal datum, map projection (except in the geographic coordinate system), origin point, and unit of measure. Thousands of coordinate systems have been specified for use around the world or in specific regions and for various purposes, necessitating transformations between different SRS. Although they date to the Hellenic Period, spatial reference systems are now a crucial basis for the sciences and technologies of Geoinformatics, including cartography, geographic information systems, surveying, remote sensing, and civil engineering. This has led to their standardization in international specifications such as the EPSG codes and ISO 19111:2019 Geographic information—Spatial referencing by coordinates, prepared by ISO/TC 211, also published by the Open Geospatial Consortium as Abstract Specification, Topic 2: Spatial referencing by coordinate. Types of systems The thousands of spatial reference systems used today are based on a few general strategies, which have been defined in the EPSG, ISO, and OGC standards: Geographic coordinate system (or geodetic) A spherical coordinate system measuring locations directly on the Earth (modeled as a sphere or ellipsoid) using latitude (degrees north or south of the equator) and longitude (degrees west or east of a prime meridian). Geocentric coordinate system (or Earth-centered Earth-fixed) A three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system that models the Earth as a three-dimensional object, measuring locations from a center point, usually the center of mass of the Earth, along x, y, and z axes aligned with the equator and the prime meridian. This system is commonly used to track the orbits of satellites, because they are based on the center of mass. Thus, this is the internal coordinate system used by Satellite navigation systems such as GPS to compute locations using multilateration. Projected coordinate system (or planar, grid) A standardized cartesian coordinate system that models the Earth (or more commonly, a large region thereof) as a plane, measuring locations from an arbitrary origin point along x and y axes more or less aligned with the cardinal directions. Each of these systems is based on a particular Map projection to create a planar surface from the curved Earth surface. These are generally defined and used strategically to minimize the distortions inherent to projections. Common examples include the Universal transverse mercator (UTM) and national systems such as the British National Grid, and State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS). Engineering coordinate system (or local, custom) A cartesian coordinate system (2-D or 3-D) that is created bespoke for a small area, often a single engineering project, over which the curvature of the Earth can be safely approximated as flat without significant distortion. Locations are typically measured directly from an arbitrary origin point using surveying techniques. These may or may not be aligned with\",\n \"title\": \"Spatial reference system\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"37257405\",\n \"text\": \"The Gall stereographic projection, presented by James Gall in 1855, is a cylindrical projection. It is neither equal-area nor conformal but instead tries to balance the distortion inherent in any projection. Formulae The projection is conventionally defined as: where λ is the longitude from the central meridian in degrees, φ is the latitude, and R is the radius of the globe used as the model of the earth for projection. It is a perspective projection if the point of projection is allowed to vary with longitude: the point of projection being on the equator on the opposite side of the earth from the point being mapped and with the projective surface being a cylinder secant to the sphere at 45°N and 45°S. Gall called the projection \\\"stereographic\\\" because the spacing of the parallels is the same as the spacing of the parallels along the central meridian of the equatorial stereographic projection. The reverse projection is defined as : Braun stereographic projection This later (1867) cylindrical projection by Carl Braun is similar, differing only in the asymmetric scaling horizontally and vertically. This yields a projection tangent to the sphere. Its formula is: See also List of map projections References Bibliography Further reading External links gall in proj4 Progonos.com Map projections Cylindrical projections\",\n \"title\": \"Gall stereographic projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"58246920\",\n \"text\": \"The Equal Earth map projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical projection for world maps, invented by Bojan Šavrič, Bernhard Jenny, and Tom Patterson in 2018. It is inspired by the widely used Robinson projection, but unlike the Robinson projection, retains the relative size of areas. The projection equations are simple to implement and fast to evaluate. The features of the Equal Earth projection include: The curved sides of the projection suggest the spherical form of Earth. Straight parallels make it easy to compare how far north or south places are from the equator. Meridians are evenly spaced along any line of latitude. Software for implementing the projection is easy to write and executes efficiently. According to the creators, the projection was created in response to the decision of the Boston public schools to adopt the Gall-Peters projection for world maps in March 2017, to accurately show the relative sizes of equatorial and non-equatorial regions. The decision generated controversy in the world of cartography due to this projection’s extreme distortion in the polar regions. At that time Šavrič, Jenny, and Patterson sought alternative map projections of equal areas for world maps, but could not find any that met their aesthetic criteria. Therefore, they created a new projection that had more visual appeal compared to existing projections of equal areas. As with the Natural Earth projection (2012) by Tom Patterson, a visual method was used to choose the parameters of the projection. A combination of Putniņš P4ʹ and Eckert IV projections was used as the basis. Formulation The projection is formulated as the equations where and refers to latitude and to longitude. Use The first known thematic map published using the Equal Earth projection is a map of the global mean temperature anomaly for July 2018, produced by the NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies. References External links Map projections\",\n \"title\": \"Equal Earth projection\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2216927\",\n \"text\": \"In computer graphics, cube mapping is a method of environment mapping that uses the six faces of a cube as the map shape. The environment is projected onto the sides of a cube and stored as six square textures, or unfolded into six regions of a single texture. The cube map is generated by first rendering the scene six times from a viewpoint, with the views defined by a 90 degree view frustum representing each cube face. Or if the environment is first considered to be projected onto a sphere, then each face of the cube is its gnomonic projection. In the majority of cases, cube mapping is preferred over the older method of sphere mapping because it eliminates many of the problems that are inherent in sphere mapping such as image distortion, viewpoint dependency, and computational inefficiency. Also, cube mapping provides a much larger capacity to support real-time rendering of reflections relative to sphere mapping because the combination of inefficiency and viewpoint dependency severely limits the ability of sphere mapping to be applied when there is a consistently changing viewpoint. Variants of cube mapping are also commonly used in 360 video projection. History Cube mapping was first proposed in 1986 by Ned Greene in his paper “Environment Mapping and Other Applications of World Projections”, ten years after environment mapping was first put forward by Jim Blinn and Martin Newell. However, hardware limitations on the ability to access six texture images simultaneously made it infeasible to implement cube mapping without further technological developments. This problem was remedied in 1999 with the release of the Nvidia GeForce 256. Nvidia touted cube mapping in hardware as “a breakthrough image quality feature of GeForce 256 that ... will allow developers to create accurate, real-time reflections. Accelerated in hardware, cube environment mapping will free up the creativity of developers to use reflections and specular lighting effects to create interesting, immersive environments.” Today, cube mapping is still used in a variety of graphical applications as a favored method of environment mapping. Advantages Cube mapping is preferred over other methods of environment mapping because of its relative simplicity. Also, cube mapping produces results that are similar to those obtained by ray tracing, but is much more computationally efficient – the moderate reduction in quality is compensated for by large gains in efficiency. Pre-dating cube mapping, sphere mapping has many inherent flaws that made it impractical for most applications. Sphere mapping is view-dependent, meaning that a different texture is necessary for each viewpoint. Therefore, in applications where the viewpoint is mobile, it would be necessary to dynamically generate a new sphere mapping for each new viewpoint (or, to pre-generate a mapping for every viewpoint). Also, a texture mapped onto a sphere's surface must be stretched and compressed, and warping and distortion (particularly along the edge of the sphere) are a direct consequence of this. Although these image flaws can be reduced using certain tricks and techniques like “pre-stretching”, this just adds another layer of complexity to sphere\",\n \"title\": \"Cube mapping\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Theorema Egregium"],"string":"[\n \"Theorema Egregium\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":45,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_45966"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"what potential influence does the fto gene have"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"10631756","text":"Fat mass and obesity-associated protein also known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTO gene located on chromosome 16. As one homolog in the AlkB family proteins, it is the first mRNA demethylase that has been identified. Certain alleles of the FTO gene appear to be correlated with obesity in humans. Function The amino acid sequence of the transcribed FTO protein shows high similarity with the enzyme AlkB which oxidatively demethylates DNA. FTO is a member of the superfamily of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase, which are non-heme iron-containing proteins. Recombinant FTO protein was first discovered to catalyze demethylation of 3-methylthymine in single-stranded DNA, and 3-methyluridine in single-stranded RNA, with low efficiency. The nucleoside N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an abundant modification in RNA, was then found to be a major substrate of FTO. The FTO gene expression was also found to be significantly upregulated in the hypothalamus of rats after food deprivation and strongly negatively correlated with the expression of orexigenic galanin-like peptide which is involved in the stimulation of food intake. Increases in hypothalamic expression of FTO are associated with the regulation of energy intake but not feeding reward. People with two copies of the risk allele for the rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed differing neural responses to food images via fMRI. However, rs9939609's association with FTO is controversial, and may actually affect another gene, called Iroquois homeobox protein 3 (IRX3). FTO demethylates RNA FTO has been demonstrated to efficiently demethylate the related modified ribonucleotide, N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine, and to an equal or lesser extent, m6A, in vitro . FTO knockdown with siRNA led to increased amounts of m6A in polyA-RNA, whereas overexpression of FTO resulted in decreased amounts of m6A in human cells. FTO partially co-localizes with nuclear speckles, which supports the notion that in the nucleus, m6A can be a substrate of FTO. Function of FTO could affect the processing of pre-mRNA, other nuclear RNAs, or both. The discovery of the FTO-mediated oxidative demethylation of RNA may initiate further investigations on biological regulation based on reversible chemical modification of RNA, and identification of RNA substrates for which FTO has the highest affinity. FTO can oxidize m6A to generate N6 -hydroxymethyladenosine(hm6A) as an intermediate modification and N6 - formyladenosine(f6A) as a further oxidized product in mammalian cells. Plants do not carry orthologs of FTO and artificial introduction of an FTO transgene causes substantial and widespread RNA demethylation. Instead of causing catastrophic disregulation, the treated rice and potato plants show significant (50%) increases in yield and become more tolerant to drought. In mESCs and during mouse development, FTO has been shown to mediated LINE1 RNA m6A demethylation and consequently affect local chromatin state and nearby gene transcription. Tissue distribution The FTO gene is widely expressed in both fetal and adult tissues. Clinical significance Obesity 38,759 Europeans were studied for variants of FTO obesity risk allele. In particular, carriers of one copy of the allele weighed on average more than people with no copies. Carriers of two copies","title":"FTO gene"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"10631756\",\n \"text\": \"Fat mass and obesity-associated protein also known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTO gene located on chromosome 16. As one homolog in the AlkB family proteins, it is the first mRNA demethylase that has been identified. Certain alleles of the FTO gene appear to be correlated with obesity in humans. Function The amino acid sequence of the transcribed FTO protein shows high similarity with the enzyme AlkB which oxidatively demethylates DNA. FTO is a member of the superfamily of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase, which are non-heme iron-containing proteins. Recombinant FTO protein was first discovered to catalyze demethylation of 3-methylthymine in single-stranded DNA, and 3-methyluridine in single-stranded RNA, with low efficiency. The nucleoside N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an abundant modification in RNA, was then found to be a major substrate of FTO. The FTO gene expression was also found to be significantly upregulated in the hypothalamus of rats after food deprivation and strongly negatively correlated with the expression of orexigenic galanin-like peptide which is involved in the stimulation of food intake. Increases in hypothalamic expression of FTO are associated with the regulation of energy intake but not feeding reward. People with two copies of the risk allele for the rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed differing neural responses to food images via fMRI. However, rs9939609's association with FTO is controversial, and may actually affect another gene, called Iroquois homeobox protein 3 (IRX3). FTO demethylates RNA FTO has been demonstrated to efficiently demethylate the related modified ribonucleotide, N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine, and to an equal or lesser extent, m6A, in vitro . FTO knockdown with siRNA led to increased amounts of m6A in polyA-RNA, whereas overexpression of FTO resulted in decreased amounts of m6A in human cells. FTO partially co-localizes with nuclear speckles, which supports the notion that in the nucleus, m6A can be a substrate of FTO. Function of FTO could affect the processing of pre-mRNA, other nuclear RNAs, or both. The discovery of the FTO-mediated oxidative demethylation of RNA may initiate further investigations on biological regulation based on reversible chemical modification of RNA, and identification of RNA substrates for which FTO has the highest affinity. FTO can oxidize m6A to generate N6 -hydroxymethyladenosine(hm6A) as an intermediate modification and N6 - formyladenosine(f6A) as a further oxidized product in mammalian cells. Plants do not carry orthologs of FTO and artificial introduction of an FTO transgene causes substantial and widespread RNA demethylation. Instead of causing catastrophic disregulation, the treated rice and potato plants show significant (50%) increases in yield and become more tolerant to drought. In mESCs and during mouse development, FTO has been shown to mediated LINE1 RNA m6A demethylation and consequently affect local chromatin state and nearby gene transcription. Tissue distribution The FTO gene is widely expressed in both fetal and adult tissues. Clinical significance Obesity 38,759 Europeans were studied for variants of FTO obesity risk allele. In particular, carriers of one copy of the allele weighed on average more than people with no copies. Carriers of two copies\",\n \"title\": \"FTO gene\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3605460","text":"Fatso may refer to: Animals The proper name of Keyboard Cat (now deceased), a cat who became the subject of an Internet meme Fatso (crocodile), a saltwater crocodile in captivity in Western Australia Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters Sergeant \"Fatso\" Judson, a character in the 1953 American film From Here to Eternity Fatso, a member of the Ghostly Trio and one of Casper the Friendly Ghost's uncles Fatso, a wombat from the Australian television series A Country Practice The Mancubus or Fatso, a character in the video game Doom II Films Fatso (1980 film), an American film directed by Anne Bancroft Fatso (2008 film), a Norwegian film directed by Arild Fröhlich Fatso!, a 2012 Indian film directed by Rajat Kapoor Literature Fatso, a 1987 autobiography by retired American football player Art Donovan FAT!SO?, a 1998 book by Marilyn Wann Music Fatso (band), a band who featured on the TV series Rutland Weekend Television People Leonard DiMaria (born 1941), New York mobster nicknamed Fatso Vincenzo Licciardi (born 1965), Italian criminal clan boss nicknamed \"'o Chiatto\" (Fatso) Other uses FTO gene, or Fatso, a gene linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes Fatso the Fat-Arsed Wombat, an unofficial mascot of the Sydney 2000 Olympics Fatso (service), an online DVD rental service in New Zealand","title":"Fatso"},{"docid":"854294","text":"DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur. This can eventually lead to malignant tumors, or cancer as per the two-hit hypothesis. The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerous The DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection. The 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, and Aziz Sancar for their work on the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair processes. DNA damage DNA damage, due to environmental factors and normal metabolic processes inside the cell, occurs at a rate of 10,000 to 1,000,000 molecular lesions per cell per day. While this constitutes at most only 0.0003125% of the human genome's approximately 3.2 billion bases, unrepaired lesions in critical genes (such as tumor suppressor genes) can impede a cell's ability to carry out its function and appreciably increase the likelihood of tumor formation and contribute to tumor heterogeneity. The vast majority of DNA damage affects the primary structure of the double helix; that is, the bases themselves are chemically modified. These modifications can in turn disrupt the molecules' regular helical structure by introducing non-native chemical bonds or bulky adducts that do not fit in the standard double helix. Unlike proteins and RNA, DNA usually lacks tertiary structure and therefore damage or disturbance does not occur at that level. DNA is, however, supercoiled and wound around \"packaging\" proteins called histones (in eukaryotes), and both superstructures are vulnerable to the effects of DNA damage. Sources DNA damage can be subdivided into two main types: endogenous damage such as attack by reactive","title":"DNA repair"},{"docid":"37122597","text":"Behavioral epigenetics is the field of study examining the role of epigenetics in shaping animal and human behavior. It seeks to explain how nurture shapes nature, where nature refers to biological heredity and nurture refers to virtually everything that occurs during the life-span (e.g., social-experience, diet and nutrition, and exposure to toxins). Behavioral epigenetics attempts to provide a framework for understanding how the expression of genes is influenced by experiences and the environment to produce individual differences in behaviour, cognition, personality, and mental health. Epigenetic gene regulation involves changes other than to the sequence of DNA and includes changes to histones (proteins around which DNA is wrapped) and DNA methylation. These epigenetic changes can influence the growth of neurons in the developing brain as well as modify the activity of neurons in the adult brain. Together, these epigenetic changes in neuron structure and function can have a marked influence on an organism's behavior. Background In biology, and specifically genetics, epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity which are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence; the term can also be used to describe the study of stable, long-term alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell that are not necessarily heritable. Examples of mechanisms that produce such changes are DNA methylation and histone modification, each of which alters how genes are expressed without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Gene expression can be controlled through the action of repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA. DNA methylation turns a gene \"off\" – it results in the inability of genetic information to be read from DNA; removing the methyl tag can turn the gene back \"on\". Histone modification changes the way that DNA is packaged into chromosomes. These changes impact how genes are expressed. Epigenetics has a strong influence on the development of an organism and can alter the expression of individual traits. Epigenetic changes occur not only in the developing fetus, but also in individuals throughout the human life-span. Because some epigenetic modifications can be passed from one generation to the next, subsequent generations may be affected by the epigenetic changes that took place in the parents. Discovery The first documented example of epigenetics affecting behavior was provided by Michael Meaney and Moshe Szyf. While working at McGill University in Montréal in 2004, they discovered that the type and amount of nurturing a mother rat provides in the early weeks of the rat's infancy determines how that rat responds to stress later in life. This stress sensitivity was linked to a down-regulation in the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the brain. In turn, this down-regulation was found to be a consequence of the extent of methylation in the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Immediately after birth, Meaney and Szyf found that methyl groups repress the glucocorticoid receptor gene in all rat pups, making the gene unable to unwind from the histone in order to be transcribed, causing a decreased stress response.","title":"Behavioral epigenetics"},{"docid":"2239705","text":"Gammaretrovirus is a genus in the Retroviridae family. Example species are the murine leukemia virus and the feline leukemia virus. They cause various sarcomas, leukemias and immune deficiencies in mammals, reptiles and birds. Introduction Many endogenous retroviruses, closely related to exogenous gammaretroviruses, are present in the DNA of mammals (including humans), birds, reptiles and amphibians. Many also share a conserved RNA structural element called a core encapsidation signal. The avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses are not strictly avian viruses—it appears that reticuloendotheliosis viruses are mammalian viruses that were accidentally introduced into birds in the 1930s during research on malaria. As a potential vector for gene therapy, gammaretroviruses have some advantages over HIV as a lentiviral vector. Specifically, the gammaretroviral packaging system does not require the incorporation of any sequences overlapping with coding sequences of gag, pol, or accessory genes. Gammaretroviruses have a wide range of implications for animals. They have been linked with several diseases including cancer, specifically leukemias and lymphomas, various neurological diseases, and some immunodeficiencies in many different species. Gammaretroviruses are similar to other retroviruses and reverse transcribe a positive single strand RNA into double stranded DNA. The double stranded DNA is highly stable and easily integrated into a host genome. A few examples of the virus are Moloney murine leukemia virus, xenotropic MuLB-related virus, feline leukemia virus, and feline sarcoma virus. Gammaretroviruses are very popular retroviral vectors in laboratory studies. These vectors are crucial for gene therapy and gene transfer. The reason that they are so useful is because their genomes are very simple and easy to use. Retroviruses have the ability to integrate into host cell genomes very well, which allows for the long term expression of their genome. One specific gammaretrovirus that is commonly used as a retroviral vector is the Moloney murine leukemia virus. A specific gammaretrovirus called xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been found to infect prostate cancer tissue in laboratories. XMRV is a recombinant virus created in a laboratory accident in the mid-1990s. Although it can infect human tissue, no known disease is associated with the infection and it is unlikely to exist outside laboratories. Alleged discovery of XMRV in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in 2009 caused a controversy and eventual retraction. There were over 50 human cancer cell lines that were claimed to be linked to murine leukemia virus-related virus or murine leukemia virus. There have also been claimed discoveries of murine gammaretroviruses in lung cancer cell lines. While it was unclear what role these viruses have in the cancer development, it was believed that they are most prevalent during the tumor developing stage of the cancer by inhibiting tumor suppressing genes. Viral classification Gammaretrovirus is a part of the retroviridae family. Gammaretroviruses are considered zoonotic viruses because they are found in many different mammalian species, such as mice, cats, pigs, primates, cows, and birds. However, bats are the primary reservoir for many gammaretroviruses. Bats can have a prolonged exposure to a variety of pathogens without showing","title":"Gammaretrovirus"},{"docid":"52985374","text":"Ismaa Sadaf Farooqi is a Wellcome Trust Senior Research fellow in Clinical Science, professor of Metabolism and Medicine at the University of Cambridge and a consultant physician at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, UK. Education Farooqi was educated at the University of Birmingham where she studied medicine, and was awarded a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery degree in 1993. After working as a pre-registration house officer and senior house officer, she moved into research and was awarded a PhD in 2001 from the University of Cambridge for research on the genetics of severe childhood obesity. Research Farooqi's research investigates the genetics of obesity. Using candidate genes found in patients with severe obesity, her research group have identified patients with mutations in genes encoding leptin, the leptin receptor and biological targets of leptin action, such as the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). Her group have also demonstrated that the central leptin-melanocortin axis plays a critical role in the regulation of human food intake. Research in her laboratory has shown that people who carry variants of the MC4R gene have an increased preference for high fat food (such as certain recipes of chicken korma), but a decreased preference for sugary foods like Eton mess. Her research has also proven that mutations in the KSR2 gene are associated with insulin resistance and that genetic variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is associated with diminished hunger. Her research has been funded by the Wellcome Trust, Addenbrooke's Charitable Trust and the Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development (FP7) from the European Union. Awards and honours Farooqi was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2021. Farooqi was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2013. Her citation on election reads: Farooqi was interviewed by Jim Al-Khalili on The Life Scientific, first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 2017. Farooqi was awarded the American Diabetes Association's Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award in 2019. References Living people Wellcome Trust Alumni of the University of Cambridge Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom) Academics of the University of Cambridge 20th-century British medical doctors 21st-century British medical doctors Year of birth missing (living people) British women medical doctors British women scientists Fellows of the Royal Society","title":"Sadaf Farooqi"},{"docid":"55285468","text":"The Mammalian Genetics Unit was a genetics and genomics research institute in Oxfordshire. History Earlier research on the same site at the Radiobiology Research Unit, which opened in 1954, in the 1950s was into cytogenetics, where Charles Edmund Ford and John Hamerton confirmed on 12 January 1956 the size of the human genome. In the early 1970s this unit led research into mutagenic effects of radiation on the human chromosome. In the mid-1980s, important early work was done in genomic imprinting. From 2007, the site no longer carried out work into the effects of radiation on genes (radiobiology). From April 2022, the site closed as the Mammalian Genetics Unit and was merged with the neighboring Mary Lyon Centre. MGU The MGU was largely derived from the earlier Radiobiology Unit (RBU). In 2010, work at the unit discovered that overexpression of the FTO gene led to obesity. Structure The unit was in Oxfordshire. Function The unit carried out work into genetics and genome engineering. See also List of geneticists Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society References External links Science Oxford Structure 1995 establishments in England Genetic engineering in the United Kingdom Genetics or genomics research institutions Mammal genetics Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) Research institutes established in 1995 Research institutes in Oxfordshire Vale of White Horse","title":"Mammalian Genetics Unit"},{"docid":"59883652","text":"Libertine is the fourth and final studio album by English rock band Gene. It was released on 22 October 2001 though their own label Contra. After departing from their previous label Polydor Records in 1999, the band spent sometime writing material. Their next album was recorded across various studios in Lincolnshire, Twickenham and London. Hugh Jones served as the producer on nearly all of the songs, bar one that was produced by Stephen Street. Libertine focusses on piano instrumentation, taking influence from soul music, namely What's Going On (1971) by Marvin Gaye. Libertine received generally favourable reviews from critics, some of whom commented on the quality of the songs. The album reached number 92 in the UK Albums Chart. Ahead of the album's release, \"Is It Over?\" appeared as its lead single in October 2001. Around this time, Gene embarked on a tour of the United Kingdom. \"Does He Have a Name?\" was released as the second single from the album in January 2002. Libertine has been reissued on CD and vinyl over the years; four songs from it appeared on the band's fourth compilation album Yours for the Taking (The Best Of) (2020). Background Gene released their third studio album Revelations in March 1999. It peaked at number 25 on the UK Albums Chart; out of its two singles, \"As Good as It Gets\" reaching the highest at number 23. The following month, the band announced they had left their label Polydor Records, with both parties coming to a mutual agreement. In the same announcement, they revealed they were working on songs for their next album. In June 2000, the band played the United States for the first time in three years; the occasion was livestreamed over the internet. A live album, titled Rising for Sunset, was released on their label Contra later in the month. This was followed by one-off shows in New York City and Tunbridge Wells. Libertine was recorded at Chapel Studios in Lincolnshire, The Barge in Twickenham, Westside Studios in London, Townhouse Studios in London and BFD Studios in London. Hugh Jones produced nearly all of the songs, bar \"You\", which was produced by Stephen Street. Ewan Davies (with assistance from Will Bartle), Kenny Patterson and Cenzo Townsend served as engineers throughout the sessions. Recording concluded by May 2001. Jones mixed almost every track, save for \"Does He Have a Name?\", \"Yours for the Taking\" and \"You\"; the latter two were done by Street, while Michael Fayne and Jamie Maher handled \"Does He Have a Name?\". Kevin Metcalf then mastered the album at The Soundmaster Studios in London. Composition Libertine places more of an emphasis on piano, and takes influence from 1960s soul music and What's Going On (1971) by Marvin Gaye. Neil Hodge of Louder Than War said it was an \"atmospheric album that is a perfect example of late night listening including strings, Hammond organ, slide guitars and ventures into reggae\". It opens with the seven-minute chamber pop song \"Does He Have a","title":"Libertine (Gene album)"},{"docid":"70932451","text":"Rachel Louise Batterham is a British physician who is a professor of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology at University College London. She established the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery. She has extensively studied obesity, and has contributed to clinical management and the understanding of obesity-related diseases. Early life and education Batterham was an undergraduate medical student at Imperial College London, where she was based at St Mary's Hospital. She completed her speciality training in diabetes and endocrinology. As part of her training, she became particularly interested in obesity. After her residency, she worked toward a master's degree in biochemistry. She eventually completed a doctorate in the regulation of body weight. Research and career In 2005, Batterham was appointed a consultant at the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, where she set up a service for the management of obesity. She was eventually promoted to Professor of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology, and appointed Obesity theme lead for the UCL National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre. Batterham identified that a genetic variation in the FTO gene can make people more likely to become obese. People with the obesity-risk variant have higher circulating levels of ghrelin in their blood, which means that they feel hungry even after having a meal. In 2016, Batterham was awarded an Research Professorship by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). She looked to improve the health of people with obesity. Whilst bariatric surgery can cause long-term weight loss, it can be difficult to access and does not always improve human health. Batterham sought to understand whether genotypes could be used to determine whether or not someone respond well to bariatric surgery. She investigated whether exercise or pharmaceutical interventions could improve weight loss and health outcomes. Batterhman believes that health inequalities perpetuate obesity amongst people from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Batterham founded the Obesity Empowerment Network in 2019. The charity looks to empower and engage people of all ages who have obesity. In 2022, she created a documentary on obesity and how the phenomenon can be addressed. Awards and honours 2015 Diabetes UK Rank Fund Nutrition Prize 2016 Appointed to the Council of the British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society 2016 Andre Mayer award from the World Obesity Federation 2018 Royal Society of Medicine's Steven's Lecture 2017 Sir Jules Thorn Award for Biomedical Award 2018 Crick Lecture 2022 Appointed Order of the British Empire in the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours Selected publications References Alumni of Imperial College London Academics of University College London 21st-century British medical doctors Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Members of the Order of the British Empire Obesity researchers NIHR Research Professors","title":"Rachel Batterham"},{"docid":"4474479","text":"FTO may refer to: Field training officer Fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) Foreign Terrorist Organisation, term used in the U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations Freedom to operate Frontier Oil, a defunct American oil company that traded on the NYSE as FTO FTO, initialism used for the New South Wales Film and Television Office, former name of Screen NSW FTO gene, a fat mass and obesity-associated protein Mitsubishi FTO, an automobile","title":"FTO"},{"docid":"12934723","text":"The Mitsubishi Galant Coupé FTO is a rear-wheel drive coupe produced by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors from November 1971 to March 1975. \"FTO\" was meant to stand for Fresco Turismo Omologato, in a fine example of Japanese Italian. The compact Coupé FTO can be seen as the replacement for the earlier Mitsubishi Colt 11-F Super Sports. The FTO was first introduced with an 1,378 cc 4G41 \"Neptune\" engine, until it was replaced in a February 1973 redesign by a pair of 1,597 cc 4G32 \"Saturn\" powerplants, offering either or depending on the state of tune. There was also a 1,439 cc Saturn engine, offering . In October 1973 there was a minor facelift, and the lineup was restricted to four versions as the EL, GS, and four-speed SL versions were cancelled. Production gradually came to an end in August 1975, after the introduction in March that year of the more staid Lancer Celeste. The FTO was based on the chassis of the first generation Mitsubishi Galant, shortened by for extra agility and lightness. It carried the chassis codes A61 (Neptune 1.4), A62 (Saturn 1.4), and A63 (Saturn 1.6). 1600 GSRs built before October 1974 (when safety standards were changed) received black plastic wheelarch extensions to accommodate a wider track, resulting in an even more aggressive look. The GSR also featured a standard limited slip differential. The FTO name was again resurrected twenty years after production of the original had ceased, when the company introduced the front-wheel drive Mitsubishi FTO in 1994. Data Primary data sources for each model are given in the first row. Data sourced elsewhere is referenced in each individual cell where it is used. References Mitsubishi Motors history, 1971–80, Mitsubishi Motors South Africa website Mitsubishi Galant FTO specifications, Histomobile Coupés Galant FTO Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Sports cars Cars introduced in 1971","title":"Mitsubishi Galant FTO"},{"docid":"49608776","text":"Parasite-stress theory, or pathogen-stress theory, is a theory of human evolution proposing that parasites and diseases encountered by a species shape the development of species' values and qualities, proposed by researchers Corey Fincher and Randy Thornhill. The differences in how parasites and diseases stress people's development is what leads to differences in their biological mate value and mate preferences, as well as differences across culture. Parasites causing diseases pose potential ecological hazards and, subsequently, selection pressures can alter psychological and social behaviours of humans, as well as have an influence on their immune systems. Theories of parasite-mediated mate choice Several hypotheses have attempted to explain how parasite load influences female mate choice, as certain traits are thought to be costly and the expression of such traits may be indicative of genetic quality. Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis According to the Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis, female mate choice is based on the extent to which male secondary sexual characteristics are expressed, as these are thought to be indicative of a heritable resistance to pathogens. A meta-analysis reviewed studies exploring the magnitude of the relationship between expression of secondary sexual characteristics and parasite intensity, as well as level of host immune functioning. Consistent with the hypothesis proposed by Hamilton and Zuk, the meta-analysis revealed that males with the fewest parasites and/or the strongest immune systems typically had the most extravagant secondary sexual characteristics. With regards to parasite-stress theory, these findings would be interpreted as those men who have encountered more parasites – or are naturally less capable of dealing with parasites – are also less desirable mates to females, due to a lower genetic quality for the potential offspring. Zahavi handicap principle The Zahavi handicap principle, originally proposed by Zahavi in 1975, suggests that males who possess secondary sexual characteristics which provide a handicap are more attractive to females. These sexual ornaments are sexually selected in order to appear stronger and better adapted, compared to other males in the environment. This is because these characteristics are indicators of good genes and heritable viability, as they are costly to an individual's survival to maintain and produce. Therefore, the stronger the individual is, the more able they are to bear this cost. These kinds of characteristics are a form of communication within species, as they are defined as honest signals (a signal about a mate's quality which cannot be faked). As a weak individual would not be able to survive with this particular characteristic, it signals to potential mates that it is stronger than its competitors and has a high mate value. Examples of such traits include the peacock's tail, very bright in nature and hence attracting more attention from predators as well as requiring more energy to maintain. Another example is the gazelle's stotting behaviour, whereby the gazelle jumps up and down when it spots a predator, in order to indicate its physical fitness. Immunocompetence handicap hypothesis This hypothesis takes Zahavi's principle further in suggesting that testosterone is responsible for the production of male secondary sexual traits while","title":"Parasite-stress theory"},{"docid":"11503558","text":"Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a membrane protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol trafficking in mammals. In humans the protein is encoded by the NPC1 gene (chromosome location 18q11). Function NPC1 was identified as the gene that when mutated, results in Niemann-Pick disease, type C. Niemann-Pick disease, type C is a rare neurovisceral lipid storage disorder resulting from autosomal recessively inherited loss-of-function mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2. This disrupts intracellular lipid transport, leading to the accumulation of lipid products in the late endosomes and lysosomes. Approximately 95% of NPC patients are found to have mutations in the NPC1 gene. NPC1 encodes a putative integral membrane protein containing sequence motifs consistent with a role in intracellular transport of cholesterol and sphingosine to post-lysosomal destinations. Clinical significance Obesity Mutations in the NPC1 gene have been strongly linked with obesity. A genome-wide association study identified NPC1 mutations as a risk factor in childhood obesity and adult morbid obesity, and 1,416 age-matched normal weight controls. Mutations in NPC1 were also correlated with ordinary weight gain in the population. Previous studies in mice have suggested that the NPC1 gene has a role in controlling appetite, as mice with a non-functioning NPC1 gene suffer late-onset weight loss and have poor food intake. NPC1 gene variant could account for around 10 per cent of all childhood obesity and about 14 per cent of adult morbid obesity cases. Obesity is a widely known disorder that is caused by having too high of a body fat percentage (defined as more than 25% body fat percentage for men, and more than 33% for women) — specifically a large excess of white adipose tissue — responsible for dramatically increasing the risks of developing other medical conditions such as Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis, cancer, and many more. Being obese is different from being overweight (which is simply weighing too much or over the recommended amount) as that does not account for body fat percentage or a body fat to body weight ratio, meaning that the weight can come from other areas in the body such as bone and/or muscle. In just the United States alone, approximately 40% of Americans aged twenty and above are obese, and over 70% of Americans aged twenty and above are overweight (which includes obesity), making obesity a major health issue that must be researched and addressed further. There are many factors that can affect obesity, including environment, diet, life-style (sedentary vs. active), genetic predisposition—and even within only the genetic component it is rarely ever just one single gene that is the main cause for obesity or increase in obesity risks. There are numerous genes (over a hundred) that can contribute to and are known to be strongly associated with or responsible for obesity. These include genes such as MC4R, LEP, LEPR, and FTO. One of the lesser known gene diseases that is known to be linked to obesity is the NPC1 disease, which is otherwise known as the Niemann-Pick disease type C1. It","title":"NPC1"},{"docid":"57404410","text":"Epigenetics in forensic science is the application of epigenetics to solving crimes. Forensic science has been using DNA as evidence since 1984, however this does not give information about any changes in the individual since birth and will not be useful in distinguishing identical siblings. The focus of epigenetics in the forensic field is on non-heritable changes such as aging and diseases. Epigenetics involves any changes to the DNA that does not affect the sequence, but instead affects the activity of the DNA, such as the level of transcription of a particular gene. These changes can be passed down transgenerationally through the germline or arise after birth from environmental factors. In humans and other mammals, CpG dinucleotides are the main sequence that develops methylation, and because of this most studies on try and find unique methylation sites. There are a few methylation sites that have been determined as a cause of environmental influences from age, lifestyle, or certain diseases. DNA methylation DNA methylation is a common epigenetic mark being studied as potential evidence in forensic science. Unlike DNA, realistic DNA methylation is less likely be planted at crime scenes.> Current methods to fabricate DNA usually exclude important methylation marks found in biological tissues making this a way to confirm the identity of an individual when evidence is being assessed. Many different tissues can be used to analyze methylation. Sample preservation The effect of cryopreservation on epigenetic marks in tissues is a new area of study. The primary focus of this research is on oocytes and sperm for the purpose of assisted reproductive technology, however it can be useful in forensics for the preservation of evidence. Methylation can be analyzed in fresh tissue that is cryo-preserved within 24 hours of death and it can then be analyzed in this tissue for up to 1 year. If the tissue is formalin-fixed or putrefied, methylation analysis is much more difficult. Aging Although blood is the primary sample used in studies, most tissues consistently show that methylation increases early in life and slowly decreases, globally, throughout late adulthood. This process is referred to as epigenetic drift. The epigenetic clock refers to methylation sites that are highly associated with aging. These sites consistently change across individuals and can therefore be used as age markers for an individual. There are some models that have been developed to predict ages for specific samples, such as saliva and buccal epithelial cells, blood, or semen, but others have been made to age any tissue. In 2011, three significant, hypermethylated CpG sites related to aging across all samples were found in the KCNQ1DN, NPTX2, and GRIA2 genes. The age guess for over 700 samples had a mean absolute deviation from chronological age (MAD) of 11.4 years. Two years later, almost 8,000 samples were used in an elastic net regularized regression to create a new age predictive model. This resulted in 353 CpG sites being chosen for the age prediction, and the model had a MAD of 3.6 years. There is","title":"Epigenetics in forensic science"},{"docid":"67126169","text":"Bisantrene is an anthracenyl bishydrazone with anthracycline-like antineoplastic activity and an antimetabolite. Bisantrene intercalates with and disrupts the configuration of DNA, resulting in DNA single-strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinking, and inhibition of DNA replication. This agent is similar to doxorubicin in chemotherapeutic activity, but unlike anthracyclines like doxorubicin, it exhibits little cardiotoxicity. In addition to its anthracycline-like activity, a July 2020 seminal article by Su, R et al. at the City of Hope Hospital in Los Angeles, California, USA first identified bisantrene to also be a potent (IC50 = 142nM) inhibitor of the Fat Mass and Obesity (FTO) associated protein, which is a m6A RNA demethylase. The same study found that bisantrene is a weak inhibitor of ALKBH5, which is the only other demethylase, i.e. bisantrene is also a selective inhibitor of FTO. In 2021, bisantrene was demonstrated preclinically to be cardioprotective when administered together with cardiotoxic anthracyclines. A bisantrene combination treatment is currently (as at early 2024) nearing the end of a Phase II clinical trial to assess its efficacy in treating AML in heavily pretreated patients and to assess any adverse side effects, including any cardiotoxicity of the combination. The December 2023 interim findings are given in the History section. Medical uses Clinical trials of Bisantrene in the 1980s showed efficacy in a range of leukaemias (including Acute Myeloid Leukaemia), breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. Adverse Side Effects High doses of bisantrene (above 200 mg/m2/day) cause adverse side effects typical of anthracycline chemotherapeutics. Common adverse side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, vomiting, rash, and inflammation of the mouth. For a chemotherapy drug, it is considered to have relatively low toxicity. Unlike other anthracycline chemotherapeutics, Bisantrene shows low levels of cardiotoxicity. In a Phase III metastatic breast cancer clinical, patients were exposed to cumulative doses in excess of 5440 mg/m2 without developing cardiac damage. The same study observed significantly lower rates of hair loss and nausea compared to patients given doxorubicin. Three Mechanisms of Action Bisantrene has three distinct mechanisms of action. Bisantrene contains an appropriately sized planar electron-rich chromophore to be a DNA intercalating agent, and in vitro, it is a potent inhibitor of DNA and RNA synthesis. Bisantrene is also a potent and selective inhibitor of the FTO enzyme, which is an m6A mRNA demethylase. Bisantrene acts by occupying FTO's catalytic pocket. This is a relatively recent discovery (July 2020). Finally, the University of Newcastle and the Hunter Medical Research Institute found in late 2021 preclinical research that bisantrene has a cardioprotective mechanism of action when administered together with a cardiotoxic drug such as doxorubicin. As at early 2024, the molecular basis for this cardioprotective effect hasn't been announced by the researchers. Bisantrene's cardioprotective mechanism of action is important because \"15 of the 35 commercially available anti-cancer drugs have direct cardiotoxic effects on HCM (human cardiomyocytes).\" According to the Australian Cardiovascular Alliance Cardio-Oncology Working Group , a drug which is simultaneously anticancer and cardioprotective is the \"Holy Grail\" of Cardio-Oncology. History Bisantrene was developed by Lederle","title":"Bisantrene"},{"docid":"1505166","text":"Genetic architecture is the underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait and its variational properties. Phenotypic variation for quantitative traits is, at the most basic level, the result of the segregation of alleles at quantitative trait loci (QTL). Environmental factors and other external influences can also play a role in phenotypic variation. Genetic architecture is a broad term that can be described for any given individual based on information regarding gene and allele number, the distribution of allelic and mutational effects, and patterns of pleiotropy, dominance, and epistasis. There are several different experimental views of genetic architecture. Some researchers recognize that the interplay of various genetic mechanisms is incredibly complex, but believe that these mechanisms can be averaged and treated, more or less, like statistical noise. Other researchers claim that each and every gene interaction is significant and that it is necessary to measure and model these individual systemic influences on evolutionary genetics. Applications Genetic architecture can be studied and applied at many different levels. At the most basic, individual level, genetic architecture describes the genetic basis for differences between individuals, species, and populations. This can include, among other details, how many genes are involved in a specific phenotype and how gene interactions, such as epistasis, influence that phenotype. Line-cross analyses and QTL analyses can be used to study these differences. This is perhaps the most common way that genetic architecture is studied, and though it is useful for supplying pieces of information, it does not generally provide a complete picture of the genetic architecture as a whole. Genetic architecture can also be used to discuss the evolution of populations. Classical quantitative genetics models, such as that developed by R.A. Fisher, are based on analyses of phenotype in terms of the contributions from different genes and their interactions. Genetic architecture is sometimes studied using a genotype–phenotype map, which graphically depicts the relationship between the genotype and the phenotype. Genetic architecture is incredibly important for understanding evolutionary theory because it describes phenotypic variation in its underlying genetic terms, and thus it gives us clues about the evolutionary potential of these variations. Therefore, genetic architecture can help us to answer biological questions about speciation, the evolution of sex and recombination, the survival of small populations, inbreeding, understanding diseases, animal and plant breeding, and more. Evolvability Evolvability is literally defined as the ability to evolve. In terms of genetics, evolvability is the ability of a genetic system to produce and maintain potentially adaptive genetic variants. There are several aspects of genetic architecture that contribute strongly to the evolvability of a system, including autonomy, mutability, coordination, epistasis, pleiotropy, polygeny, and robustness. Autonomy: the existence of quasi-independent characters with the potential for evolutionary autonomy. Mutability: the possibility that genetic mutation can occur. Coordination: a phenomenon such as development, during which many different genetic processes and changes happen at once. Epistasis: a phenomenon in which one gene is dependent on the presence of one or more \"modifier\" genes. Polygeny: a phenomenon in which multiple genes contribute","title":"Genetic architecture"},{"docid":"36667426","text":"XB130 (also known as AFAP1L2) is a cytosolic adaptor protein and signal transduction mediator. XB130 regulates cell proliferation, cell survival, cell motility and gene expression. XB130 is highly similar to AFAP and is thus known as actin filament associated protein 1-like 2 (AFAP1L2). XB130 is a substrate and regulator of multiple tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling. XB130 is highly expressed in the thyroid and spleen. Molecular structure The XB130 gene is located on human chromosome 10q25.3 and encodes an 818 amino acid protein. It has a molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa and is structurally similar to actin-filament-associated protein (AFAP) and is thus known as AFAP1L2. Several tyrosine phosphorylation sites and a proline rich sequence are included in the N-terminal region of XB130, which allows it to interact and activate c-Src-containing proteins, as well as bind to p85α of PI3K. Two pleckstrin-homology domains are located in the middle portion, giving XB130 its lipid-binding ability. The C-terminal region contains a coiled-coil domain, which shares partial similarity with AFAP's leucine zipper domain. Both the C-terminal and N-terminal regions of XB130 are required for XB130's role in its translocation to the lamellipodia. Despite XB130's structural similarity to AFAP, XB130 does not behave like an actin filament-associated protein. The actin-binding site present in AFAP is only partially present in XB130. Function Role in cell cycle and survival XB130 has been demonstrated to play a role in cell proliferation and survival through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. When tyrosine phosphorylated, XB130 has the ability to interact with the p85ɑ subunit of PI3K through its SH2 domains. This interaction leads to the subsequent activation of Akt, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Activated Akt promotes cell survival and cell cycle progression by phosphorylating and inactivating p21Cip1/WAF1, p27Kip1, and GSK3β, as well as inhibits apoptosis by preventing the cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-9, which are involved in the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of cell death, respectively.> Alternatively, when the expression of XB130 is suppressed in vitro, Akt phosphorylation and therefore activation becomes significantly reduced. This, in turn, leads to cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and accelerated apoptosis. Role in cell motility and invasion During cytoskeletal rearrangement, a process required for cell motility, XB130 translocates to the cell periphery. XB130 exhibits a high affinity for peripheral F-actin structures, such as the lamellipodium. The translocation of XB130 to the cell periphery is particularly important in its potential to influence cell migration and metastasis. Role in gene expression The level of XB130 expression influences the expression of multiple genes related to cell proliferation and survival, and microRNAs miR-33a, 149a, and 193a-3p, all of which exhibit tumor suppressive function in thyroid cancer cells. Role in inflammation XB130 mediated c-Src binding and activation increases Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine produce by lung epithelial cells, which contains AP-1 and SRE transcription factor binding sites. These binding sites can be activated by the downregulation of XB130 expression and lead to a decrease in IL-8 production in lung cells. Interactions XB130 (gene) has been known to","title":"XB130"},{"docid":"45462622","text":"Oligogenic inheritance (Greek ὀλίγος – ὀligos = few, a little) describes a trait that is influenced by a few genes. Oligogenic inheritance represents an intermediate between monogenic inheritance in which a trait is determined by a single causative gene, and polygenic inheritance, in which a trait is influenced by many genes and often environmental factors. Historically, many traits were thought to be governed by a single causative gene (in what is deemed monogenic inheritance), however work in genetics revealed that these traits are comparatively rare, and in most cases so-called monogenic traits are predominantly influenced by one gene, but can be mediated by other genes of small effect. History Around the 1930s/40s, evidence that multiple genes could affect the risk of disease that showed discrete inheritance patterns, due to differences in the age of onset of disease for siblings. The age of onset for sibling pairs was very similar, but between pairs of siblings could be quite different, and would in some cases cluster into several age brackets. This suggested a major gene that controlled the risk for a disease, and other genes that impacted age of onset. The recognition of diseases which were influenced by more than one gene highlighted a need to develop methodologies for detecting these oligogenic inheritance patterns, as they did not fit the more straightforward Mendelian model of inheritance. The developments of such methods accelerated the discovery of other examples of oligogenic traits, and sparked a change in the way genetic disease was perceived. Modifier genes One example of oligogenic inheritance is a case where one gene is sufficient to cause a trait, however its penetrance or expressivity is influenced by another gene, called a modifier. An example of such a case is the gene TGFB1 which modified a person's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease if they are carrying the disease variant of the gene APP. The mechanism is thought to work through the modifier variant increasing the clearance of amyloid fibers in the aging brain, reducing plaque burden. Identification of oligogenic traits A trait can be recognised as oligogenic through the following lines of evidence: Phenotype–genotype correlations: if phenotype can't be predicted to a single strongly correlated locus, but inclusion of genotype from another locus improves the correlation, this is evidence for the trait being oligogenic Phenotypic differences in an animal model of the disease that are dependent on the genetic background: the effects of a potential modifier locus can be tested in an animal with another known causative mutation Disparities between mutations and a Mendelian model of inheritance: if carriers of a mutation do not show the pattern of phenotypes expected under Mendelian inheritance, other models may better explain observed patterns of inheritance The establishment of linkage to more than one locus or the failure to detect linkage using Mendelian models: when tracing mutations associated with a trait through a family tree, more than one mutation may show the same pattern of inheritance as the trait (in a case where multiple variants are","title":"Oligogenic inheritance"},{"docid":"37760976","text":"Infologs are independently designed synthetic genes derived from one or a few genes where substitutions are systematically incorporated to maximize information. Infologs are designed for perfect diversity distribution to maximize search efficiency. Typical protein engineering methods rely on screening a high number (106-1012 or more) of gene variants to identify individuals with improved activity using a surrogate high throughput screen (HTP) to identify initial hits. Unfortunately, results are defined by what is screened for, thus the “hit” from the HTP screen often has very little real activity in a lower throughput assay more indicative of the improved functionality for which the protein is being developed. By adapting the standard algorithms for engineering complex systems to work with biological systems, the resulting process enables researchers to deconvolute how substitutions within a protein sequence modify its function. Combining these algorithms with an integrated query and ranking mechanism allows the identification of appropriate sequence substitutions. Infologs refers to the set of designed genes, singular use Infolog describes an individual variant. Ancestry Homology between protein or DNA sequences is defined in terms of shared ancestry. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of either a speciation event (orthologs) or a duplication event (paralogs). Homologs are similar genes and/or proteins which are related by ancestry. Orthologs are the 'same' gene, but from different organisms. Homologous sequences are orthologous if they were separated by a speciation event: when a species diverges into two separate species, the copies of a single gene in the two resulting species are said to be orthologous. Orthologs, or orthologous genes, are genes in different species that originated by vertical descent from a single gene of the last common ancestor. The term \"ortholog\" was coined in 1970 by Walter Fitch. Paralogs are related genes originating from one gene that through duplication ended up as two genes that over time has evolved for two separate functions (or, according to a recent Science paper, a promiscuous starting gene that duplicated and each copy evolved towards different functions). Paralogs typically have the same or similar function, but sometimes do not: due to lack of the original selective pressure upon one copy of the duplicated gene, this copy is free to mutate and acquire new functions. Paralogs usually occur from within the same species. Xenologs are homologs resulting from horizontal gene transfer between two organisms. Xenologs can have different functions, if the new environment is vastly different for the horizontally moving gene. In general, though, xenologs typically have similar function in both organisms. Infologs are similar genes and/or proteins which are related by synthetic ancestry to approach perfect diversity distribution. Features Optimize directly for function in the final application Does not require high-throughput (HTP) screens Screen small numbers of variants (50-200) directly for the desired function Decreased false positives: variants identified by HTP screens that do not retain activity in 'real' assay Decreased loss of potential positive hits due to screening error or poor correlation between HTP screen and 'real' assay No biodiversity collections","title":"Infologs"},{"docid":"264936","text":"Perceptual mapping or market mapping is a diagrammatic technique used by asset marketers that attempts to visually display the perceptions of customers or potential customers. The positioning of a brand is influenced by customer perceptions rather than by those of businesses. For example, a business may feel it sells upmarket products of high quality, but if customers view the products as low quality, it is their views which will influence sales. Typically the position of a company's product, product line, or brand is displayed relative to their competition. Perceptual maps, also known as market maps, usually have two dimensions but can be multi-dimensional or use multiple colours to add an extra variable. They can be used to identify gaps in the market and potential partners or merger targets as well as to clarify perceptual problems with a company's product. So, if a business wants to find out where its brand is positioned in the market, it might carry out market research. This will help them to find out how the customers sees their brand in relation to others in the market. Uses Perceptual mapping enables companies to better understand their customers: the who, why, where, how and what of their behaviour. If a business is perceived in a manner they find unsatisfactory, further research then identifies what can be done to change that. Perceptual mapping also allows businesses to see what consumers think of other brands, particularly their competitors. Regular uses of the maps can help track preferences, and see changes as they happen. Perceptual mapping can help define market segments, showing clusters of businesses differentiated by key aspects (such as higher class or number of restaurants). Within the clusters found in perceptual maps of entire industries, a business can classify potential partners or possible businesses to merge with, since the clustering of brands signifies the similarity in businesses, meaning they have corresponding attributes. It can also help identify gaps in a market where a new product or service could be introduced. Perceptual maps can also be used to help keep track of how a new product, such as a recently introduced smartphone, is being viewed in a specific market. It is important to see that the way a business is marketing its product is not only successful, but successful in a manner that aligns with the business’s overarching goal for positioning. Some companies seem to have fallen out of favor with the public, such as Quicken Loans and VW. Perceptual mapping can help elicit the extent of the damage. Limitations There are many limitations to perceptual mapping. The largest is the number of variables used. Traditionally, the map uses two variables and does not account for others, because these first two variables include the most variance. This assumption can hinder the reliability of results, as in some cases, it is not safe to assume that there are only two major factors influencing the decision of purchase for a consumer. For example, a graph may use quality of food and","title":"Perceptual mapping"},{"docid":"42647878","text":"Epigenetic therapy refers to the use of drugs or other interventions to modify gene expression patterns, potentially treating diseases by targeting epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that do not arise from alterations in the DNA sequence, resulting in the heritable silencing of genes without changing the coding sequence. Epigenetic therapy involves using drugs or other techniques to influence these epigenetic mechanisms in addressing specific medical conditions. Various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and mental illnesses, are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms. Emerging areas of epigenetic therapy include its application in heart disease, primarily focusing on tissue regeneration, and in schizophrenia, where the focus lies on alleviating symptoms. Overall, epigenetic therapies aim to target the underlying epigenetic molecular pathways responsible for disease manifestation. Epigenetics Epigenetics refers to the study of changes in gene expressions that do not result from alterations in the DNA sequence'. Altered gene expression patterns can result from chemical modifications in DNA and chromatin, to changes in several regulatory mechanisms. Epigenetic markings can be inherited in some cases, and can change in response to environmental stimuli over the course of an organism's life. Many diseases are known to have a genetic component, but the epigenetic mechanisms underlying many conditions are still being discovered. A significant number of diseases are known to change the expression of genes within the body, and epigenetic involvement is a plausible hypothesis for how they do this. These changes can be the cause of symptoms to the disease. Several diseases, especially cancer, have been suspected of selectively turning genes on or off, thereby resulting in a capability for the tumorous tissues to escape the host's immune reaction. Known epigenetic mechanisms typically cluster into three categories. The first is DNA methylation, where a cytosine residue that is followed by a guanine residue (CpG) is methylated. In general, DNA methylation attracts proteins which fold that section of the chromatin and repress the related genes. The second category is histone modifications. Histones are proteins which are involved in the folding and compaction of the chromatin. There are several different types of histones, and they can be chemically modified in a number of ways. Acetylation of histone tails typically leads to weaker interactions between the histones and the DNA, which is associated with gene expression. Histones can be modified in many positions, with many different types of chemical modifications, but the precise details of the histone code are currently unknown. The final category of epigenetic mechanism is regulatory RNA. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding sequences that are involved in gene expression. Thousands of miRNAs are known, and the extent of their involvement in epigenetic regulation is an area of ongoing research. Epigenetic therapies are reversible, unlike gene therapy. This means that they are druggable for targeted therapies. Potential applications Cancer Epigenetic alterations can play a major role in the development and progression of cancer. This can be seen as a result of the changes made","title":"Epigenetic therapy"},{"docid":"44631723","text":"The genetic influences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not understood well due to the limitations of any genetic study of mental illness; in that, it cannot be ethically induced in selected groups. Because of this, all studies must use naturally occurring groups with genetic similarities and differences, thus the amount of data is limited. Still, genetics play some role in the development of PTSD. Research and potential influences Approximately 30% of the variance in PTSD is caused by genetics alone. For twins exposed to combat in the Vietnam War, a monozygotic (identical) twin with PTSD was associated with an increased risk of the co-twin having PTSD, as compared to dizygotic (non-identical) twins; additionally, assaultive trauma (compared to non-assaultive trauma) was more likely to exacerbate these effects. There is also evidence that those with a genetically smaller hippocampus are more likely to develop PTSD following a traumatic event. Research has also found that PTSD shares many genetic influences common to other psychiatric disorders. Panic and generalized anxiety disorders and PTSD share 60% of the same genetic variance. Alcohol, nicotine, and drug dependence share greater than 40% genetic similarities. Additional disorders—such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder—share the same fundamental genetic phenotypes as PTSD. Nature vs. nurture An individual's potential for onset of many psychological disorders is heavily affected by genetic phenotypes, yet this is not the only contributing factor. Environment plays an important role as well, especially for trauma-based disorders such as PTSD, considering that certain life experiences can trigger the activation of an underlying genetic phenotype which might have been previously dormant. This can be further understood by examining the diathesis-stress model for the onset of psychological disorders, which explains that certain individuals, due to their genetic phenotypes, are more susceptible to psychological disorders when encountering the same stressful life situations or stimuli as other individuals without these same underlying genetic phenotypes. Effects of neurotransmitters and hormones Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. A 2009 study reported a significant interaction between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the GABA alpha-2 receptor gene and the severity of childhood trauma in predicting PTSD in adults. Another study found an association between a specific SNP of the RGS2 gene and PTSD symptoms in adults who experienced high environmental stress (hurricane exposure) and low social support. Studies in 2008 found that several SNPs in the FKBP5 (FK506 binding protein 5) gene interact with childhood trauma to predict severity of adult PTSD. These findings suggest that individuals with these SNPs who are abused as children are more susceptible to PTSD as adults. This is particularly important given that FKBP5 SNPs have previously been associated with peritraumatic dissociation in medically injured children (that is, dissociation at the time of the childhood trauma), which has itself been shown to be predictive of PTSD. Furthermore, FKBP5 may be less expressed in those with current PTSD. In 2011, another study found that a single SNP in a putative estrogen response element on the","title":"Genetics of post-traumatic stress disorder"},{"docid":"66839757","text":"Astrovirology is an emerging subdiscipline of astrobiology which aims to understand what role viruses played in the origin and evolution of life on Earth as well as the potential for viruses beyond Earth. Viruses and early life on Earth Viruses drive evolution Viruses are a major driving force in evolution; the arms race between viruses and their host, or the Red Queen hypothesis, causes strong evolutionary pressures in both the host and viruses. The host evolves to evade and destroy viruses, while the virus evolves mechanisms to continue infecting the host. Evolution is also influenced by viral horizontal gene transfer. Viral genes can be inserted into the host genome (ex. Retroviruses) and sometimes these genes are evolutionarily favorable. One common example of beneficial horizontal gene transfer in humans is the gene for syncytin, which came from ancient viruses and is important in placenta development. Viruses influence major evolutionary events Though unproven, some virologists posit that viruses may have played an important role in major evolutionary events, including the emergence of a DNA genome from an RNA world, divergence from LUCA to the three domains of life, archaea, bacteria, and eukarya, and development of multicellularity. Emergence of a DNA genome and divergence from LUCA may have been aided by horizontal gene transfer of polymerases and other gene-editing enzymes from viruses. Meanwhile, viral selection pressures could have also aided divergence from LUCA to defend against different viruses, while multicellularity provides greater cell population protection from viruses. Viruses and Earth's environment Viruses influence biogeochemical cycles Viruses cause nutrient cycling in the ocean via the viral shunt, and up to 25% of the available carbon in the upper ocean is attributed to virus-induced cell lysis. Around 5% of Earth's oxygen is thought to be produced by cells infected by viruses encoding photosynthetic genes otherwise absent from the cell. For example, some viruses of cyanobacteria contain genes for Photosystem II, which allows those cyanobacteria to photosynthesize and live in a different part of the ocean as their non-infected counterparts. Some viruses encode other metabolic genes that allow new metabolic functions in their host, for example, phosphate, carbon, and sulfur metabolism. Extremophile viruses Viruses have been found in extremely hot, cold, and acidic natural environments, up to , down to , and down to pH 1.5. Viruses in space Infectivity in space Viruses including tobacco mosaic virus, poliovirus, and bacteriophage T1 have maintained infectivity after being exposed to space-like conditions including interstellar radiation, low temperature, and low pressure. Further studies are needed to assess the risk of viral hitchhikers, but any virus infecting an organism inside a habitable spacecraft can survive as long as that organism survives. Effect on astronauts Latent viruses such as herpes virus, prevalent in humans, can become reactive during spaceflight due to spaceflight stressors. While astronauts experienced few if any symptoms, the potential for other viruses to become reactivated or more virulent is a substantial threat. Furthermore, some bacteria (Serratia marcescens) have been found to be more virulent in spaceflight conditions, leading","title":"Astrovirology"},{"docid":"34284246","text":"Most cases of type 2 diabetes involved many genes contributing small amount to the overall condition. As of 2011 more than 36 genes have been found that contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. All of these genes together still only account for 10% of the total genetic component of the disease. There are a number of rare cases of diabetes that arise due to an abnormality in a single gene (known as monogenic forms of diabetes). These include maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), Donohue syndrome, and Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome, among others. Maturity onset diabetes of the young constitute 1–5% of all cases of diabetes in young people. Polygenic Genetic cause and mechanism of type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. However, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is one of many mechanisms that leads to increased risk for type 2 diabetes. To locate genes and loci that are responsible for the risk of type 2 diabetes, genome wide association studies (GWAS) was utilized to compare the genomes of diabetic patient group and the non-diabetic control group. The diabetic patients’ genome sequences differ from the controls' genome in specific loci along and around numerous genes, and these differences in the nucleotide sequences alter phenotypic traits that exhibit increased susceptibility to the diabetes. GWAS has revealed 65 different loci (where single nucleotide sequences differ from the patient and control group's genomes), and genes associated with type 2 diabetes, including TCF7L2, PPARG, FTO, KCNJ11, NOTCH2, WFS1, IGF2BP2, SLC30A8, JAZF1, HHEX, DGKB, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, KCNQ1, HNF1A, HNF1B MC4R, GIPR, HNF4A, MTNR1B, PPARG, ZBED3, SLC30A8, CDKAL1, GLIS3, GCK, GCKR, among others.KCNJ11 (potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11), encodes the islet ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2, and TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7–like 2) regulates proglucagon gene expression and thus the production of glucagon-like peptide-1. In addition, there is also a mutation to the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide gene that results in an earlier onset, more severe, form of diabetes. However, this is not a comprehensive list of genes that affects the proneness to the diabetes. SNP rs7873784 located in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of TLR4 gene and associated with the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus. PU.1 binding to the minor C allele of rs7873784 may be responsible for elevated TLR4 expression in the monocytes of affected individuals, contributing to an inflammation-prone environment that predisposes minor allele carriers to development of certain pathologies with an inflammatory component. rs7873784 was also associated with the abnormal metabolic phenotype accompanying T2DM (levels of fasting insulin and triglycerides, abnormal low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels). However, there is growing evidence that T2DM is not only a purely metabolic, but also an inflammatory disorder. The link between certain TLR4 SNPs alleles and T2DM may be directly related to elevated TLR4 expression since its signaling can regulate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance and, therefore, influence the pathogenesis of T2DM. TLR4 expression is elevated in adipose tissue of obese mice and its activation triggered insulin resistance in adipocytes. LPS-mediated TLR4 activation can suppress glucose-induced","title":"Genetic causes of type 2 diabetes"},{"docid":"3682632","text":"TAS2R16 (taste receptor, type 2, member 16) is a bitter taste receptor and one of the 25 TAS2Rs. TAS2Rs are receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. These receptors detect various bitter substances found in nature as agonists, and get stimulated. TAS2R16 receptor is mainly expressed within taste buds present on the surface of the tongue and palate epithelium. TAS2R16 is activated by bitter β-glucopyranosides (such as salicin) Other names T2R16, Taste receptor 2 member 16, BGLPT. Gene The receptor is encoded by the TAS2R16 human gene which located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 7 at position 31.1-31.3, 997 bases. This gene is specifically expressed by taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. Different individuals may have variations in the TAS2R16 gene, which can influence their sensitivity or preference for certain bitter compounds. Structure TAS2R16 consists of 291 amino acids. Molecular weight: 33,986 (Da). The receptor has 7 transmembrane helices, 3 intracellular loops and 3 extracellular loops. there are some conserved residues (black) and residues for which mutagenesis data is available. Function The function of TAS2R16 is to bind to specific bitter-tasting molecules present in various foods, plants, and potentially harmful substances. When binding to these molecules, TAS2R16 initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the transmission of signals to the brain, which results in the perception of bitterness. TAS2R16 specifically is believed to play a central role in determining human preference to eat or avoid such vegetables with bitter β-glucosides, important dietary choices that ultimately influence human health. The signaling pathway includes two essential components of the well-established taste signal transduction cascade: phospholipase C isoform β2 (PLCβ2) and the ion channel known as transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5). Ca2+-flux signaling assays are commonly used to measure the function of TAS2R16 and other GPCRs, so this measurement represents the key function of the receptor. Ligands (from BitterDB) There are 13 known ligands for TAS2R16. The most well-studied natural ligand of TAS2R16 is salicin. In previous researches which analyzed how this receptor binds and signals, 38 residues that may be involved in signal transduction and 13 residues that contribute to ligand-specific interactions, were found to be involved. β-glucoside analogues are specific agonists of TAS2R16 in humans. These analogues, such as natural toxins, are molecular scafold consists of a D-glucose monosaccharide linked by an oxygen atom to a phenyl group. Arbutin was the first known natural inverse agonist for TAS2Rs. Many plants, including cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and brussels sprouts, contain bitter β-glucosides such as salicin, sinigrin, arbutin, and amygdalin. Single nucleotide polymorphisms Taste receptors harbor many polymorphisms, and several SNPs have a profound impact on the gene function and expression. Recently studies have shown that mutation of the TAS2R16 gene could affect the intake of vegetables and anti-inflammatory food, which would influence age-related inflammatory diseases and increase the human lifespan. In addition, polymorphism of the TAS2R16 gene seems to affect body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking and drug compliance.","title":"TAS2R16"},{"docid":"7373582","text":"In genetics, transgressive segregation is the formation of extreme phenotypes, or transgressive phenotypes, observed in segregated hybrid populations compared to phenotypes observed in the parental lines. The appearance of these transgressive (extreme) phenotypes can be either positive or negative in terms of fitness. If both parents' favorable alleles come together, it will result in a hybrid having a higher fitness than the two parents. The hybrid species will show more genetic variation and variation in gene expression than their parents. As a result, the hybrid species will have some traits that are transgressive (extreme) in nature. Transgressive segregation can allow a hybrid species to populate different environments/niches in which the parent species do not reside, or compete in the existing environment with the parental species. Causes Genetic There are many causes for transgressive segregation in hybrids. One cause can be due to recombination of additive alleles. Recombination results in new pairs of alleles at two or more loci. These different pairs of alleles can give rise to new phenotypes if gene expression has been changed at these loci. Another cause can be elevated mutation rate. When mutation rates are high, it is more probable that a mutation will occur and cause an extreme phenotypic change. Reduced developmental stability is another cause for transgressive segregation. Developmental stability refers to the capability of a genotype to go through a constant development of a phenotype in a certain environmental setting. If there is a disturbance due to genetic or environmental factors, the genotype will be more sensitive to phenotypic changes. Another cause arises from the interaction between two alleles of two different genes, also known as the epistatic effect. Epistasis is the event when one allele at a locus prevents an allele at another locus to express its product as if it is masking its effect. Therefore, epistasis can be related to gene over dominance caused by heterozygosity at specific loci.[2] What this means is that the heterozygote (hybrid) when compared to the homozygote (parent) is better adapted and therefore shows more transgressive, extreme phenotypes. All of these causes lead to the appearance of these extreme phenotypes and creates a hybrid species that will deviate away from the parent species niche and eventually create an individual \"hybrid\" species. Environmental Other than the genetic factors solely causing transgressive segregation, environmental factors can cause genetic factors to take place. Environmental factors that cause transgressive segregation can be influenced by human activity and climate change. Both human activity and climate change have the capability to force species of a specific genome to interact with other species with different genomes. For example, if a bridge is built that connects two isolated areas to one another, a gene flow door would open. This open door will increase the interactions between different species with different genomes can create hybrid species that can potentially show transgressive phenotypes. Human activity can open the gene flow door by pursuing harmful actions such as cutting down forests and pollution. Climate change on the","title":"Transgressive segregation"},{"docid":"59272895","text":"The Federal Tax Ombudsman (FTO, ) evaluates complaints against federal tax agencies. Article 37 of the Constitution of Pakistan calls for inexpensive and expeditious justice. The Federal Tax Ombudsman Ordinance of 2000 and the Federal Ombudsman Institutional Reforms (FOIR) Act of 2013 confer powers, including administrative and financial autonomy. This aligns with the separation of Pakistan's judiciary and executive branches in accordance with the Constitution. History The Federal Tax Ombudsman (FTO) office was established in 2000. It was mandated to respond to, find, and rectify maladministration by revenue agencies. Institution of Ombudsman in Pakistan In Pakistan, the establishment of an Ombudsman institution was advocated in Article 276 of the Interim Constitution of 1972, which provided for the appointment of a Federal Ombudsman and Provincial Ombudsmen. The Constitution of 1973 provided for the establishment of Federal Ombudsman, and the institution was eventually created through the Establishment of the Office of Wafaqi Mohtasib (Ombudsman) Order of 1983, which was the President's first order of 1983. On 8 August 1983, the Ombudsman began functioning. Other Ombudsman institutions in Pakistan include Provincial Ombudsman offices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Baluchistan, Sindh, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir; Federal Banking Ombudsman; Federal Insurance Ombudsman; Federal Tax Ombudsman; Federal Ombudsman for Protection of Women against Harassment at Workplace; and Provincial Ombudsman for Protection of Women against Harassment at Workplace in Punjab and Sindh. All Ombudsmen institutions informally collaborate through the Forum of Pakistan Ombudsmen (FPO). They are also affiliated with the Asian Ombudsman Association (AOA), the International Ombudsman Institute (IOI), and the OIC Ombudsman Association. Mandate and empowerment of FTO In the Federal Tax Ombudsman Ordinance of 2000, the FTO was mandated to \"diagnose, investigate, redress and rectify any injustice done to a person through maladministration by functionaries administering tax laws\". According to Section 11 of the Federal Ombudsmen Institutional Reforms Act of 2013, the FTO may stay the operation of an impugned order or decision for a period up to sixty days. The FTO is responsible for findings, recommendations, and contempt proceedings (equal to the Supreme Court); according to the Powers of a Civil Court under Code of Civil Procedure of 1908, this includes summoning any person and examining him on oath, enforcing the attendance of any person, compelling production of documents, receiving evidence on affidavits, and issuing commission for examination of witnesses. Legal framework The FTO's legal framework consists of the following acts and reforms: the Establishment of the Office of Federal Tax Ombudsman Ordinance of 2000, the Federal Ombudsmen Institutional Reforms Act of 2013, and the Federal Tax Ombudsman Investigation and Disposal of Complaints Regulations of 2001. Scope of FTO The FTO manages complaints by aggrieved existing or prospective taxpayers, references by the Hon’ble President of Pakistan, references by the Supreme Court of Pakistan or High Courts, and Own Motion Notices. Role of FTO The FTO's roles include an accountability mechanism for maladministration, a support mechanism for Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) and revenue division, and the promotion of good governance. Jurisdiction of FTO FTO","title":"Federal Tax Ombudsman (Pakistan)"},{"docid":"14438348","text":"Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. It is activated by endogenous cannabinoids called endocannabinoids, a group of retrograde neurotransmitters that include lipids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); plant phytocannabinoids, such as docosatetraenoylethanolamide found in wild daga, the compound THC which is an active constituent of the psychoactive drug cannabis; and synthetic analogs of THC. CB1 is antagonized by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). The primary endogenous agonist of the human CB1 receptor is anandamide. Structure The CB1 receptor shares the structure characteristic of all G-protein-coupled receptors, possessing seven transmembrane domains connected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops, an extracellular N-terminal tail, and an intracellular C-terminal tail. The receptor may exist as a homodimer or form heterodimers or other GPCR oligomers with different classes of G-protein-coupled receptors. Observed heterodimers include A2A–CB1, CB1–D2, OX1–CB1, μOR–CB1, while many more may only be stable enough to exist in vivo. The CB1 receptor possesses an allosteric modulatory binding site. The CB1 receptor is encoded by the gene CNR1, located on human chromosome 6. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. CNR1 orthologs have been identified in most mammals. The CNR1 gene has a structure consisting of a single coding-exon and multiple alternative 5' untranslated exons. The CB1 receptor is created by transcription of the last exon on the CNR1 gene. Mechanism The CB1 receptor is a pre-synaptic heteroreceptor that modulates neurotransmitter release when activated in a dose-dependent, stereoselective and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The CB1 receptor is activated by cannabinoids, generated naturally inside the body (endocannabinoids) or exogenously, normally through cannabis or a related synthetic compound. Research suggests that the majority of CB1 receptors are coupled through Gi/o proteins. Upon activation, CB1 receptor exhibits its effects mainly through activation of Gi, which decreases intracellular cAMP concentration by inhibiting its production enzyme, adenylate cyclase, and increases mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) concentration. Alternatively, in some rare cases CB1 receptor activation may be coupled to Gs proteins, which stimulate adenylate cyclase. cAMP is known to serve as a second messenger coupled to a variety of ion channels, including the positively influenced inwardly rectifying potassium channels (=Kir or IRK), and calcium channels, which are activated by cAMP-dependent interaction with such molecules as protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), Raf-1, ERK, JNK, p38, c-fos, c-jun, and others. In terms of function, the inhibition of intracellular cAMP expression shortens the duration of pre-synaptic action potentials by prolonging the rectifying potassium A-type currents, which is normally inactivated upon phosphorylation by PKA. This inhibition grows more pronounced when considered with the effect of activated CB1 receptors to limit calcium entry into the cell, which does not occur through cAMP but by a direct G-protein-mediated inhibition. As presynaptic calcium entry is a requirement for vesicle release, this function will decrease the transmitter that enters the synapse upon release.","title":"Cannabinoid receptor 1"},{"docid":"69616598","text":"Eric R. Gamazon is a statistical geneticist in Vanderbilt University, with faculty affiliations in the Division of Genetic Medicine, Data Science Institute, and Center for Precision Medicine. He is a Life Member of Clare Hall, Cambridge University after election to a Visiting Fellowship (2018). Research and career Eric Gamazon has developed computational methods that can be used to identify genes and mechanisms underlying complex diseases. He was a developer of the transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) methodology (PrediXcan), which integrates gene expression and genome-wide association study data to identify disease-associated genes. Subsequent work integrated Mendelian randomization into TWAS. As of December 2021, he has authored 160 peer-reviewed publications in human genetics, functional genomics, and statistical genetics. He was a co-chair of the Genome-Wide Association Studies Working Group of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) program that developed a transcriptome and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) reference resource for the scientific community. He leads a research initiative to integrate large-scale DNA biobanks and functional genomics to further precision medicine in diverse populations. He has identified genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. He leads a National Institute on Aging funded international consortium that aims to identify new treatments for Alzheimer's disease using genetic and molecular data. Awards and honors Gamazon was a recipient of the inaugural National Institutes of Health Genomic Innovator Award, which is awarded to investigators in genome biology and genomic medicine with “outstanding records of productivity as they pursue important research areas, including new directions as they arise.\" He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology and a Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge in 2018. In 2021, he was appointed a standing member of the National Institutes of Health Review Panel for Biostatistical Methods and Research Design (BMRD), which reviews and makes recommendations on (grant) \"applications which seek to advance statistical and mathematical techniques and technologies applicable to the experimental design and analysis of data in biomedical, behavioral, and social science research.” Selected publications Smemo, Scott, Juan J. Tena, Kyoung-Han Kim, Eric R. Gamazon, Noboru J. Sakabe, Carlos Gómez-Marín, Ivy Aneas et al. \"Obesity-associated variants within FTO form long-range functional connections with IRX3.\" Nature 507, no. 7492 (2014): 371–375. doi:10.1038/nature13138. Gamazon, Eric R., Heather E. Wheeler, Kaanan P. Shah, Sahar V. Mozaffari, Keston Aquino-Michaels, Robert J. Carroll, Anne E. Eyler et al. \"A gene-based association method for mapping traits using reference transcriptome data.\" Nature Genetics 47, no. 9 (2015): 1091–1098. doi:10.1038/ng.3367. Gamazon, Eric R., Ayellet V. Segrè, Martijn van de Bunt, Xiaoquan Wen, Hualin S. Xi, Farhad Hormozdiari, Halit Ongen et al. \"Using an atlas of gene regulation across 44 human tissues to inform complex disease-and trait-associated variation.\" Nature Genetics 50, no. 7 (2018): 956–967. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0154-4. Gamazon, Eric R., Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Nancy J. Cox, Damiaan Denys, and Eske M. Derks. \"Multi-tissue transcriptome analyses identify genetic mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric traits.\" Nature Genetics 51, no. 6 (2019): 933–940. doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0409-8. Wang, Ying, Frederick S. Yen, Xiphias Ge Zhu, Rebecca C. Timson, Ross Weber, Changrui Xing,","title":"Eric R. Gamazon"},{"docid":"6405729","text":"David Christian Rowe (September 27, 1949 – February 2, 2003) was an American psychologist known for his work studying genetic and environmental influences on adolescent onset behaviors such as delinquency and smoking. His research into interaction between genetics and environment led to the discovery of the Scarr–Rowe effect. Life and career Rowe earned his A.B. from Harvard University and his Ph.D. from the University of Colorado at Boulder, where he was a student at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics. Rowe was well known for his work on the genes and the environment: how they interact, what the limits of environment and genes might be, and what mechanisms implement these effects. He also focussed on articulating the different realms of the social environment: shared in families, unique to individuals, neighbourhood or nation level social and cultural effects. His book The Limits of Family Influence: Genes, Experience and Behaviour brought together much of this work. This work led to several substantive findings on shared and nonshared environmental influences; seminal work on the heritability of parenting behaviors (the genetics of the environment for children); on the heritability of antisocial behavior; race differences and their causes; for testing the interaction of education, and social class with genes in the development of intelligence; and for blending behavioral and molecular genetics. He made several methodological contributions, including work on modeling of means and covariances with raw data, the utility of the DeFries–Fulker analysis, and measured genes and environmental influences. The Add Health data featured in much of his research, and he served as the main geneticist on this large and influential survey of over 90,000 adolescents across the United States. Rowe's work highlighted the often surprising immunity of mental states to social circumstances, reporting that \"great fortune does not guarantee happiness; neither does great misfortune assure depression\". This led to his positing of biological set points as a mechanism for stability, as well as arguing for indirect genetic effects: that different genotypes would cause different people to react to the same environment in different ways, and, moreover, that individuals expose themselves to different social environments. This led to ideas about active seeking and environment construction, as well the idea that exposure to (controllable) life events may result partly from genetic predisposition. He was an advocate of Consilience: including biological individuality along with social, psychological, and cultural factors in any understanding of human behavior. In 1994 he was one of 52 signatories on \"Mainstream Science on Intelligence,\" an editorial written by Linda Gottfredson and published in The Wall Street Journal, which declared the consensus of the signing scholars on issues related to intelligence research following the publication of the book The Bell Curve. Rowe's work identified gene-environment interactions in cognitive traits, and contributed to understanding of the Scarr-Rowe Effect, which posits that the heritability of intelligence is higher in children with higher socioeconomic status. His final paper, published posthumously, advocated for impartial testing of genetic versus environmental influences on racial differences. References Books Rowe DC (1995). The","title":"David C. Rowe"},{"docid":"43270576","text":"Connectome: How the Brain's Wiring Makes Us Who We Are (2012) is a book by Sebastian Seung. It introduces basic concepts in neuroscience and then elaborates on the field of connectomics, i.e., how to scan, decode, compare, and understand patterns in brain connectivity. The book concludes with musings on cryonics and mind uploading. It was selected by The Wall Street Journal as Top Ten Nonfiction of 2012. Book outline Introduction Seung frames the idea of connectomics and argues that \"You are more than your genes. You are your connectome.\" Ch. 1: Genius and Madness Seung introduces the 19th-century idea of phrenology and its modern-day counterpart, which he calls \"neo-phrenology\", i.e., the idea that sizes of brain regions play a role in intelligence (e.g., Einstein's enlarged inferior parietal lobule) or mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and autism). That said, Seung emphasizes that these size correlations only show up for large samples and can't necessarily predict what will happen in any individual's brain. Ch. 2: Border Disputes Seung discusses localization maps of the brain that attempt to confine particular functions to particular regions. For instance, phantom-limb pain is hypothesized to result when brain regions formerly devoted to the now-missing lower arm become occupied for use by the upper arm and face. Hence, stimulation of the upper arm or face produces what feels like pain in the missing lower arm. In contrast to brain localization is the theory of equipotentiality, that any brain region has the potential to perform any function. Ch. 3: No Neuron Is an Island Seung discusses basic cell-level neuroscience, including the structure of neurons and their neurites, as well as a \"weighted voting model\" of neuronal firing in which a neuron fires when the weighted sum of excitatory minus inhibitory inputs exceeds a threshold. Ch. 4: Neurons All the Way Down Seung explores how hierarchical neural networks can encode concepts (e.g., Jennifer Aniston) as compositions of simpler parts and how these concepts can be linked in one's mind when connections are formed between them, either bidirectionally with cell assemblies or unidirectionally with synaptic chains. Ch. 5: The Assembly of Memories Seung discusses theories of memory formation, including basic Hebbian plasticity and the more speculative neural Darwinism. According to the \"dual trace\" theory of memory, short-term memory can take the form of persistent spiking among a cell assembly, while long-term memories can be stored in persistent connections. It's useful to have both types of memory because of a \"stability-plasticity dilemma\", which is a concept familiar in computers that use both RAM and hard drive storage. Ch. 6: The Forestry of the Genes Seung discusses how many psychological traits and disorders are at least partly genetic. (He quotes Eric Turkheimer's First Law of Behavior Genetics: \"All human behavioral traits are heritable.\") He elaborates on some of the mechanisms by which genes influence neural development and can lead to neural disorders. Ch. 7: Renewing Our Potential To what extent are the first three years of development a crucial window after which brain traits","title":"Connectome (book)"},{"docid":"15481427","text":"NX-OS is a network operating system for the Nexus-series Ethernet switches and MDS-series Fibre Channel storage area network switches made by Cisco Systems. It evolved from the Cisco operating system SAN-OS, originally developed for its MDS switches. It is based on Wind River Linux and is inter-operable with other Cisco operating systems. The command-line interface of NX-OS is similar to that of Cisco IOS. Recent NX-OS has both Cisco-style CLI and Bash shell available. On NX-OS 7.0(3)I3, the output from uname with the -a command line argument might look like the text below: $ uname -a Linux version 3.4.91-WR5.0.1.13_standard+ (divvenka@sjc-ads-7035) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Wind River Linux Sourcery CodeBench 4.6-60) ) #1 SMP Tue Feb 6 12:43:13 PST 2018 Core features System Manager () Persistent Storage Service (PSS) Message & Transaction Services (MTS) Additional features Fibre Channel and FICON FCIP FCoE (Nexus 5000/7000 linecards) iSCSI IPsec Scheduling NPIV NX Port ID Virtualization Inter–VSAN Routing VSAN Zoning (Hard zoning) Callhome Cisco Fabric Services (distributed configuration) SSH and Telnet Storage Media Encryption Port Channels Cisco Data Mobility Manager Fibre Channel Write Acceleration Switches running NX-OS Nexus B22 (HP, Dell, Fujitsu) Nexus 9000 series Nexus 7700 series Nexus 7000 series Nexus 6000 series Nexus 5000 series Nexus 4000 (for IBM BladeCenter) Nexus 2000 series Nexus 3000 Nexus 1000V MDS 9700 FC Directors MDS 9500 FC Directors MDS 9250i FC Switch MDS 9222i FC Switch MDS 9100 FC Switches Differences between IOS and NX-OS NX-OS does not support the login command to switch users. NX-OS does not distinguish between standard or extended access lists, all lists are named and \"extended\" in functionality. NX-OS did not support scp server prior to 5.1(1) release. In NX-OS, there is no \"write\" command to save the configuration like on IOS (one uses the \"copy\" command, instead). Instead, command aliases can be created to provide the \"write\" command. When accessing NX-OS, users authenticate directly to their assigned privilege level. SSH server is enabled while Telnet server is disabled by default in NX-OS. Releases 4.1, 4.2, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 7.0, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1 See also Cisco IOS Cisco IOS XE Cisco IOS XR FTOS – competitor Force10's operating system FTOS References External links Cisco Content Hub Cisco Feature Navigator intro data sheet Proprietary operating systems Network operating systems Cisco software","title":"Cisco NX-OS"},{"docid":"72177609","text":"Genes and environment Susceptibility of diabetes in Southeast Asia is influenced by mutations next to or within genes. Most of these genes have complex traits that interact and control multiple systems in the body. The genes are important, but they alone do not influence diabetes in this population. Westernization and globalization in Asia have led to changes in food supply and dietary patterns, coupled with risk alleles in genes of interest. Foods with high glycemic index, such as rice, have contributed to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. These high glycemic foods, coupled with loss of gene function, have led to increase in blood glucose levels in Japanese populations. Researchers have used Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to identify several genetic variants of genes that are found in white and Asian populations; however, they found that there are interethnic differences in risk allele frequency of these genes and the location of those mutations. Epidemiology Age and gender are critical variables to track diabetes within a population overtime. Another very important factor of diabetes development is the environment in which that population lives. Factors like smoking or alcohol consumption has been seen to be prevalent in Japanese populations. For example, smoking was very prominent in Japan in the 1980s where 40% of the population smoked. As of 2020, smoking has declined to around 16% of the population. The more resounding knowledge on the effect of smoking and the link to disease susceptibility has most likely driven this decline. Smoking generally leads to problems because it leads to insulin resistance and/or decrease insulin secretion. Genes involved Many diabetic studies have tried to deduce as to what and how many genes are involved in susceptibility to disease in Japanese populations. Researchers use tools such as GWAS and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which can be very helpful in determining what mutations are associated with disease in a population. Most of these mutations are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) leading to different variants of a gene, and these mutations can be different or the same across varying populations. If they are the same mutations, a population could have varied allelic frequencies of the gene or genes that lead to that disease. For example, a genetic variation of TCF7L2 in Japanese population influences one's susceptibility to diabetes; however, the at-risk allele frequency in Japanese population accounted for 4% of the population compared to 21% in European and European-origin population. Additional candidate genes with specific risk alleles have also been identified via GWAS that were persistent in European populations; however, there are considerable differences in allelic frequencies between these populations. Genes such as CDKAL1, IGF2BP2, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, HHEX, SLC30A8, and KCNJ11 have shown risk alleles persistent to white populations; however, risk allele frequency has differed. For example, the HHEX locus had an SNP denoted as rs1111875 that was found in 28.4% of the Japanese population compared to 56.1% in white populations. Akyrin1 (ANK1) has also been identified as a novel gene for type 2 diabetes in Japanese","title":"Diabetes in Japan"},{"docid":"155624","text":"Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population. The concept of heritability can be expressed in the form of the following question: \"What is the proportion of the variation in a given trait within a population that is not explained by the environment or random chance?\" Other causes of measured variation in a trait are characterized as environmental factors, including observational error. In human studies of heritability these are often apportioned into factors from \"shared environment\" and \"non-shared environment\" based on whether they tend to result in persons brought up in the same household being more or less similar to persons who were not. Heritability is estimated by comparing individual phenotypic variation among related individuals in a population, by examining the association between individual phenotype and genotype data, or even by modeling summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Heritability is an important concept in quantitative genetics, particularly in selective breeding and behavior genetics (for instance, twin studies). It is the source of much confusion due to the fact that its technical definition is different from its commonly-understood folk definition. Therefore, its use conveys the incorrect impression that behavioral traits are \"inherited\" or specifically passed down through the genes. Behavioral geneticists also conduct heritability analyses based on the assumption that genes and environments contribute in a separate, additive manner to behavioral traits. Overview Heritability measures the fraction of phenotype variability that can be attributed to genetic variation. This is not the same as saying that this fraction of an individual phenotype is caused by genetics. For example, it is incorrect to say that since the heritability of personality traits is about 0.6, that means that 60% of your personality is inherited from your parents and 40% comes from the environment. In addition, heritability can change without any genetic change occurring, such as when the environment starts contributing to more variation. As a case in point, consider that both genes and environment have the potential to influence intelligence. Heritability could increase if genetic variation increases, causing individuals to show more phenotypic variation, like showing different levels of intelligence. On the other hand, heritability might also increase if the environmental variation decreases, causing individuals to show less phenotypic variation, like showing more similar levels of intelligence. Heritability increases when genetics are contributing more variation or because non-genetic factors are contributing less variation; what matters is the relative contribution. Heritability is specific to a particular population in a particular environment. High heritability of a trait, consequently, does not necessarily mean that the trait is not very susceptible to environmental influences. Heritability can also change as a result of changes in the environment, migration, inbreeding, or the way in which heritability itself is measured in the population under study. The heritability of a trait should not be interpreted as a measure of the extent to which","title":"Heritability"},{"docid":"5999830","text":"Neurturin (NRTN) is a protein that is encoded in humans by the NRTN gene. Neurturin belongs to the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of neurotrophic factors, which regulate the survival and function of neurons. Neurturin’s role as a growth factor places it in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) subfamily along with its homologs persephin, artemin, and GDNF. It shares a 42% similarity in amino acid sequence with mature GDNF. It is also considered a trophic factor and critical in the development and growth of neurons in the brain. Neurotrophic factors like neurturin have been tested in several clinical trial settings for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Parkinson's disease. Function Neurturin is encoded for by the NRTN gene located on chromosome 19 in humans and has been shown to promote potent effects on survival and function of developing and mature midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DA) in vitro. In vivo the direct administration of neurturin into substantia nigra of mice models also shows mature DA neuron protection. In addition, neurturin has also been shown to support the survival of several other neurons including sympathetic and sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. Knockout mice have shown that neurturin does not appear essential for survival. However, evidence shows retarded growth of enteric, sensory and parasympathetic neurons in mice upon the removal of neurturin receptors. Mechanism of activation Neurturin signaling is mediated by the activation of a multi-component receptor system including the ret tyrosine kinase (RET), a cell-surface bound GDNF family receptor-α (GFRα) protein, and a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein. Neurturin preferentially binds to the GFRα2 co-receptor. Upon assembly of the complex, specific tyrosine residues are phosphorylated within two molecules of RET that are brought together to initiate signal transduction and the MAP kinase signaling pathway. Interactions Neurturin has been shown to upregulate B1 (bradykinin) receptors in neurons of mice, indicating a possible influence on pain and inflammation pathways. In addition knockout mice have shown that in the absence of neurturin an increased acetylcholine response is observed. The exact role and function of neurturin in multiple signaling pathways is widely unknown. Role in disease The most studied is neurturin’s role in neurodegenerative disease like Parkinson's disease and Huntington's, where several rat studies have implicated neurturin’s role in rescuing neurons. However, these results have never been observed in humans. Hirschsprung disease, a autosomal dominant genetic disorder, is characterized by complete absence of neuronal ganglion cells from the intestinal tract. Previous studies indicate a role of NRTN gene mutations in the disease. One study showed evidence that a mutation in the NRTN gene was not enough alone to cause onset of the disease, however when coupled with a mutation in the RET gene, disease was present in family members as well as the individual. A more recent study showed NRTN variants present in individuals with Hirschsprung disease. However, RET associated mutations were not found and in one variant, RET phosphorylation levels were reduced, which has the potential to have downstream effects on","title":"Neurturin"},{"docid":"12339","text":"A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that \"does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination\". A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Genetic modification can include the introduction of new genes or enhancing, altering, or knocking out endogenous genes. In some genetic modifications, genes are transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms. Creating a genetically modified organism is a multi-step process. Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism and combine it with other genetic elements, including a promoter and terminator region and often a selectable marker. A number of techniques are available for inserting the isolated gene into the host genome. Recent advancements using genome editing techniques, notably CRISPR, have made the production of GMOs much simpler. Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch, and the first plant was produced in 1983. In 1994, the Flavr Savr tomato was released, the first commercialized genetically modified food. The first genetically modified animal to be commercialized was the GloFish (2003) and the first genetically modified animal to be approved for food use was the AquAdvantage salmon in 2015. Bacteria are the easiest organisms to engineer and have been used for research, food production, industrial protein purification (including drugs), agriculture, and art. There is potential to use them for environmental purposes or as medicine. Fungi have been engineered with much the same goals. Viruses play an important role as vectors for inserting genetic information into other organisms. This use is especially relevant to human gene therapy. There are proposals to remove the virulent genes from viruses to create vaccines. Plants have been engineered for scientific research, to create new colors in plants, deliver vaccines, and to create enhanced crops. Genetically modified crops are publicly the most controversial GMOs, in spite of having the most human health and environmental benefits. Animals are generally much harder to transform and the vast majority are still at the research stage. Mammals are the best model organisms for humans. Livestock is modified with the intention of improving economically important traits such as growth rate, quality of meat, milk composition, disease resistance, and survival. Genetically modified fish are used for scientific research, as pets, and as a food source. Genetic engineering has been proposed as a way to control mosquitos, a vector for many deadly diseases. Although human gene therapy is still relatively new, it has been used to treat genetic disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency and Leber's congenital amaurosis. Many objections have been raised over the development of GMOs, particularly","title":"Genetically modified organism"},{"docid":"59627310","text":"Hybrid incompatibility is a phenomenon in plants and animals, wherein offspring produced by the mating of two different species or populations have reduced viability and/or are less able to reproduce. Examples of hybrids include mules and ligers from the animal world, and subspecies of the Asian rice crop Oryza sativa from the plant world. Multiple models have been developed to explain this phenomenon. Recent research suggests that the source of this incompatibility is largely genetic, as combinations of genes and alleles prove lethal to the hybrid organism. Incompatibility is not solely influenced by genetics, however, and can be affected by environmental factors such as temperature. The genetic underpinnings of hybrid incompatibility may provide insight into factors responsible for evolutionary divergence between species. Background Hybrid incompatibility occurs when the offspring of two closely related species are not viable or suffer from infertility. Charles Darwin posited that hybrid incompatibility is not a product of natural selection, stating that the phenomenon is an outcome of the hybridizing species diverging, rather than something that is directly acted upon by selective pressures. The underlying causes of the incompatibility can be varied: earlier research focused on things like changes in ploidy in plants. More recent research has taken advantage of improved molecular techniques and has focused on the effects of genes and alleles in the hybrid and its parents. Dobzhansky-Muller model The first major breakthrough in the genetic basis of hybrid incompatibility is the Dobzhansky-Muller model, a combination of findings by Theodosius Dobzhansky and Joseph Muller between 1937 and 1942. The model provides an explanation as to why a negative fitness effect like hybrid incompatibility is not selected against. By hypothesizing that the incompatibility arose from alterations at two or more loci, rather than one, the incompatible alleles are in one hybrid individual for the first time rather than throughout the population - thus, hybrids that are infertile can develop while the parent populations remain viable. The negative fitness effects of infertility are not present in the original population. In this way, hybrid infertility contributes in some part to speciation by ensuring that gene flow between diverging species remains limited. Further analysis of the issue has supported this model, although it does not include conspecific genic interactions, a potential factor that more recent research has begun to look in to. Gene identification Decades after the research of Dobzhansky and Muller, the specifics of hybrid incompatibility were explored by Jerry Coyne and H. Allen Orr. Using introgression techniques to analyze the fertility in Drosophila hybrid and non-hybrid offspring, specific genes that contribute to sterility were identified; a study by Chung-I Wu which expanded on Coyne and Orr's work found that the hybrids of two Drosophila species were made sterile by the interaction of around 100 genes. These studies widened the scope of the Dobzhansky-Muller model, who thought it likely that more than two genes would be responsible. The ubiquity of Drosophila as a model organism has allowed many of the sterility genes to be sequenced in the","title":"Hybrid incompatibility"},{"docid":"57414","text":"Evolutionary developmental biology (informally, evo-devo) is a field of biological research that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer how developmental processes evolved. The field grew from 19th-century beginnings, where embryology faced a mystery: zoologists did not know how embryonic development was controlled at the molecular level. Charles Darwin noted that having similar embryos implied common ancestry, but little progress was made until the 1970s. Then, recombinant DNA technology at last brought embryology together with molecular genetics. A key early discovery was of homeotic genes that regulate development in a wide range of eukaryotes. The field is composed of multiple core evolutionary concepts. One is deep homology, the finding that dissimilar organs such as the eyes of insects, vertebrates and cephalopod molluscs, long thought to have evolved separately, are controlled by similar genes such as pax-6, from the evo-devo gene toolkit. These genes are ancient, being highly conserved among phyla; they generate the patterns in time and space which shape the embryo, and ultimately form the body plan of the organism. Another is that species do not differ much in their structural genes, such as those coding for enzymes; what does differ is the way that gene expression is regulated by the toolkit genes. These genes are reused, unchanged, many times in different parts of the embryo and at different stages of development, forming a complex cascade of control, switching other regulatory genes as well as structural genes on and off in a precise pattern. This multiple pleiotropic reuse explains why these genes are highly conserved, as any change would have many adverse consequences which natural selection would oppose. New morphological features and ultimately new species are produced by variations in the toolkit, either when genes are expressed in a new pattern, or when toolkit genes acquire additional functions. Another possibility is the neo-Lamarckian theory that epigenetic changes are later consolidated at gene level, something that may have been important early in the history of multicellular life. History Early theories Philosophers began to think about how animals acquired form in the womb in classical antiquity. Aristotle asserts in his Physics treatise that according to Empedocles, order \"spontaneously\" appears in the developing embryo. In his The Parts of Animals treatise, he argues that Empedocles' theory was wrong. In Aristotle's account, Empedocles stated that the vertebral column is divided into vertebrae because, as it happens, the embryo twists about and snaps the column into pieces. Aristotle argues instead that the process has a predefined goal: that the \"seed\" that develops into the embryo began with an inbuilt \"potential\" to become specific body parts, such as vertebrae. Further, each sort of animal gives rise to animals of its own kind: humans only have human babies. Recapitulation A recapitulation theory of evolutionary development was proposed by Étienne Serres in 1824–26, echoing the 1808 ideas of Johann Friedrich Meckel. They argued that the embryos of 'higher' animals went through or recapitulated a series of stages, each of which resembled an animal lower down","title":"Evolutionary developmental biology"},{"docid":"26828010","text":"Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-3, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX3 gene. Discovery and name The Iroquois family of genes was discovered in Drosophila during a mutagenesis experiment designed to identify genes that affected the development of external sensory organs. When genes of this family were knocked out, the Drosophila flies expressed a unique patterning of bristles reminiscent of Iroquois American Indians, they were subsequently named after them. The molecular characteristics of these genes allowed the identification of homologs in C. elegans and several other vertebrates. Function IRX3 is a member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family and plays a role in an early step of neural development. Members of this family appear to play multiple roles during pattern formation of vertebrate embryos. Specifically, IRX3 contributes to pattern formation in the spinal cord where it translates a morphogen gradient into transcriptional events, and is directly regulated by NKX2-2. The Irx3 gene controls the subdivision of the neural territory by working together with various other homeodomain factors, all of these factors are expressed in partially overlapping domains along the dorsoventral axis in response to Sonic hedgehog molecules emanating from the floor plate. The combination of these signals defines five regions, each of which will give rise to five types of neurons (V0, V1, V2, MN, and V3). For example, the region that generates V2 neurons expresses both Irx3 and Nkx6.1, while that which forms MN neurons expresses Nkx6.1 alone. Irx3 overexpression in the MN domain transforms MN into V2 neurons. Clinical significance Association with obesity Obesity-associated noncoding sequences within FTO interact with the promoter of IRX3 and FTO in human, mouse, and zebrafish. Obesity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms are related to the expression of IRX3 (not FTO) in the human brain. A direct connection between the expression of IRX3 and body mass and composition was shown through the decrease in body weight of 25-30% in IRX3-deficient mice. This suggests that IRX3 influences obesity. Manipulation of IRX3 and IRX5 pathways has also been shown to decrease obesity markers in human cell cultures. Genetic variants of FTO and IRX3 genes are in high linkage disequilibrium and are associated with obesity risk. References Further reading","title":"IRX3"},{"docid":"16084604","text":"Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs. The most common and most severe form is systemic lupus erythematosus. Signs and symptoms Symptoms vary from person to person, and may come and go. Almost everyone with lupus has joint pain and swelling. Some develop arthritis. Frequently affected joints are the fingers, hands, wrists, and knees. Other common symptoms include: chest pain during respiration joint pain (stiffness and swelling) painless oral ulcer fatigue weight loss headaches fever with no other cause Skin lesions that appear worse after sun exposure general discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) hair loss sensitivity to sunlight a \"butterfly\" facial rash, seen in about half of people with SLE swollen lymph nodes Photosensitivity Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons especially in visible light. Photosensitivity is a known symptom of lupus, but its relationship to and influence on other aspects of the disease remain to be defined. Causes of photosensitivity may include: change in autoantibody location cytotoxicity induction of apoptosis with autoantigens in apoptotic blebs upregulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines induction of nitric oxide synthase expression ultraviolet-generated antigenic DNA Genetics It is typically believed that lupus is influenced by multiple genes. Lupus is usually influenced by gene polymorphisms, 30 of which have now been linked with the disorder. Some of these polymorphisms have been linked very tentatively, however, as the role that they play or the degree to which they influence the disease is unknown. Other genes that are commonly thought to be associated with lupus are those in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) family. There have been several cases wherein a single gene influence appears to be present, but this is rare. When a single gene deficiency does cause lupus, it is usually attributed to the complement protein genes C1, C2, or C4. The influence of sex chromosomes and environmental factors are also noteworthy. Usually, these factors contribute to lupus by influencing the immune system. Several studies also indicate a potential association of lupus with mutations in DNA repair genes. Age difference Lupus can develop in people at any age, but it does most commonly at ages 15 to 44, with varying results. Typically, the manifestation of the disease tends to be more acute in those of younger age. Women are more likely to get it than men. Patients with juvenile-onset lupus are more vulnerable to mucocutaneous manifestations of the disease (alopecia, skin rash, and ulceration of the mucus membranes) than any other age group, and they are also more susceptible to evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure. However, patients with late-onset lupus have a much higher mortality rate. Nearly 50% of those with late-onset lupus die of their condition. Women who are of childbearing age are also particularly at risk. Differences in ethnicity Substantial data have been found to","title":"Lupus erythematosus"},{"docid":"2937259","text":"In genetics, concordance is the probability that a pair of individuals will both have a certain characteristic (phenotypic trait) given that one of the pair has the characteristic. Concordance can be measured with concordance rates, reflecting the odds of one person having the trait if the other does. Important clinical examples include the chance of offspring having a certain disease if the mother has it, if the father has it, or if both parents have it. Concordance among siblings is similarly of interest: what are the odds of a subsequent offspring having the disease if an older child does? In research, concordance is often discussed in the context of both members of a pair of twins. Twins are concordant when both have or both lack a given trait. The ideal example of concordance is that of identical twins, because the genome is the same, an equivalence that helps in discovering causation via deconfounding, regarding genetic effects versus epigenetic and environmental effects (nature versus nurture). In contrast, discordance occurs when a similar trait is not shared by the persons. Studies of twins have shown that genetic traits of monozygotic twins are fully concordant, whereas in dizygotic twins, half of genetic traits are concordant, while the other half are discordant. Discordant rates that are higher than concordant rates express the influence of the environment on twin traits. Studies A twin study compares the concordance rate of identical twins to that of fraternal twins. This can help suggest whether a disease or a certain trait has a genetic cause. Controversial uses of twin data have looked at concordance rates for homosexuality and intelligence. Other studies have involved looking at the genetic and environmental factors that can lead to increased LDL in women twins. Because identical twins are genetically virtually identical, it follows that a genetic pattern carried by one would very likely also be carried by the other. If a characteristic identified in one twin is caused by a certain gene, then it would also very likely be present in the other twin. Thus, the concordance rate of a given characteristic helps suggest whether or to what extent a characteristic is related to genetics. There are several problems with this assumption: A given genetic pattern may not have 100% penetrance, in which case it may have different phenotypic consequences in genetically identical individuals; Developmental and environmental conditions may be different for genetically identical individuals. If developmental and environmental conditions contribute to the development of the disease or other characteristic, there can be differences in the outcome of genetically identical individuals; The logic is further complicated if the characteristic is polygenic, i.e., caused by differences in more than one gene. Epigenetic effects can alter the genetic expressions in twins through varied factors. The expression of the epigenetic effect is typically weakest when the twins are young and increases as the identical twins grow older. Where in the absence of one or more environmental factors a condition will not develop in an individual, even with","title":"Concordance (genetics)"},{"docid":"12536918","text":"SK3 (small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3) also known as KCa2.3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNN3 gene. SK3 is a small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel partly responsible for the calcium-dependent after hyperpolarisation current (IAHP). It belongs to a family of channels known as small-conductance potassium channels, which consists of three members – SK1, SK2 and SK3 (encoded by the KCNN1, 2 and 3 genes respectively), which share a 60-70% sequence identity. These channels have acquired a number of alternative names, however a NC-IUPHAR has recently achieved consensus on the best names, KCa2.1 (SK1), KCa2.2 (SK2) and KCa2.3 (SK3). Small conductance channels are responsible for the medium and possibly the slow components of the IAHP. Structure KCa2.3 contains 6 transmembrane domains, a pore-forming region, and intracellular N- and C- termini and is readily blocked by apamin. The gene for KCa2.3, KCNN3, is located on chromosome 1q21. Expression KCa2.3 is found in the central nervous system (CNS), muscle, liver, pituitary, prostate, kidney, pancreas and vascular endothelium tissues. KCa2.3 is most abundant in regions of the brain, but has also been found to be expressed in significant levels in many other peripheral tissues, particularly those rich in smooth muscle, including the rectum, corpus cavernosum, colon, small intestine and myometrium. The expression level of KCNN3 is dependent on hormonal regulation, particularly by the sex hormone estrogen. Estrogen not only enhances transcription of the KCNN3 gene, but also affects the activity of KCa2.3 channels on the cell membrane. In GABAergic preoptic area neurons, estrogen enhanced the ability of α1 adrenergic receptors to inhibit KCa2.3 activity, increasing cell excitability. Links between hormonal regulation of sex organ function and KCa2.3 expression have been established. The expression of KCa2.3 in the corpus cavernosum in patients undergoing estrogen treatment as part of gender reassignment surgery was found to be increased up to 5-fold. The influence of estrogen on KCa2.3 has also been established in the hypothalamus, uterine and skeletal muscle. Physiology KCa2.3 channels play a major role in human physiology, particularly in smooth muscle relaxation. The expression level of KCa2.3 channels in the endothelium influences arterial tone by setting arterial smooth muscle membrane potential. The sustained activity of KCa2.3 channels induces a sustained hyperpolarisation of the endothelial cell membrane potential, which is then carried to nearby smooth muscle through gap junctions. Blocking the KCa2.3 channel or suppressing KCa2.3 expression causes a greatly increased tone in resistance arteries, producing an increase in peripheral resistance and blood pressure. Pathology Mutations in KCa2.3 are suspected to be a possible underlying cause for several neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, anorexia nervosa and ataxia as well as myotonic muscular dystrophy. References Further reading Neurochemistry Ion channels","title":"SK3"},{"docid":"3936412","text":"Genetic equilibrium is the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool (such as a population) where the frequency does not change from generation to generation. Genetic equilibrium describes a theoretical state that is the basis for determining whether and in what ways populations may deviate from it. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is one theoretical framework for studying genetic equilibrium. It is commonly studied using models that take as their assumptions those of Hardy-Weinberg, meaning: No gene mutations occurring at that locus or the loci associated with the trait A large population size Limited-to-no immigration, emigration, or migration (genetic flow) No natural selection on that locus or trait Random mating (panmixis) It can describe other types of equilibrium as well, especially in modeling contexts. In particular, many models use a variation of the Hardy–Weinberg principle as their basis. Instead of all of the Hardy–Weinberg characters being present, these instead assume a balance between the diversifying effects of genetic drift and the homogenizing effects of migration between populations. A population not at equilibrium suggests that one of the assumptions of the model in question has been violated. Theoretical models of genetic equilibrium The Hardy–Weinberg principle provides the mathematical framework for genetic equilibrium. Genetic equilibrium itself, whether Hardy-Weinberg or otherwise, provides the groundwork for a number of applications, in including population genetics, conservation and evolutionary biology. With the rapid increase in whole genome sequences available as well as the proliferation of anonymous markers, models have been used to extend the initial theory to all manner of biological contexts. Using data from genetic markers such as ISSRs and RAPDs as well as the predictive potential of statistics, studies have developed models to infer what processes drove the lack of equilibrium. This includes local adaptation, range contraction and expansion and lack of gene flow due to geographic or behavioral barriers, although equilibrium modeling has been applied to a wide range of topics and questions. Equilibrium modeling have led to developments in the field. Because allelic dominance can disrupt predictions of equilibrium, some models have moved away from using genetic equilibrium as an assumption. Instead of the traditional F-statistics, they make use of Bayesian estimates. Holsinger et al. developed an analog to FST, called theta. Studies have found Bayesian estimates to be better predictors of the patterns observed. However, genetic equilibrium-based modeling remains a tool in population and conservation genetics-it can provide invaluable information about previous historical processes. Biological study systems Genetic equilibrium has been studied in a number of taxa. Some marine species in particular have been used as study systems. The life history of marine organisms like sea urchins appear to fulfill the requirements of genetic equilibrium modeling better than terrestrial species. They exist in large, panmictic populations that don’t appear to be strongly affected by geographic barriers. In spite of this, some studies have found considerable differentiation across the range of a species. Instead, when looking for genetic equilibrium, studies found large, widespread species complexes. This indicates that genetic equilibrium may be","title":"Genetic equilibrium"},{"docid":"32122804","text":"Menerba, also known as Menopause Formula 101 (MF-101), is a botanical drug candidate that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which is being studied for its potential to relieve hot flashes associated with menopause. Menerba, an estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) agonist (ERBA), is part of a new class of receptor subtype-selective estrogens, which is selective in transcriptional regulation to one of the two known estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes. Menerba consists of 22 herbs that have been used historically in traditional Chinese medicine. Menerba binds to both ERα and ERβ and with equal affinity, but does not activate ERα and instead activates only ERβ-mediated gene transcription. Mode of action Menerba has been reported to alleviate menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, while having no stimulative effects on endometrium or breast tissue. In mouse xenograft models, Menerba produced a different conformation in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) from ERβ when compared with the conformations produced by estradiol. The specific conformational change induced by Menerba allows ERβ to bind to an estrogen response element and recruit coregulatory proteins that are required for gene activation. It has been shown that the increased risk of breast and uterine cancers is associated with ERα activation and that ERβ blocks the growth promoting effects on breast cancer cells. Menerba does not activate the ERα-regulated proliferative genes, c-myc and cyclin D1, or stimulate MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation or tumor formation, demonstrating that it may be a viable alternative for hormone therapy in comparison to estrogens that non-selectively activate both ER subtypes. In 2007, Menerba completed a multi-center Phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial evaluating its potential for the treatment of hot flashes in 217 healthy post-menopausal women in the U.S. The principal investigator of the trial was Dr. Deborah Grady from the University of California, San Francisco. Menerba showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of hot flashes after 12 weeks of treatment and had a statistically significant reduction in nighttime awakenings from hot flashes (-67%, p=0.05). There was no difference in uterine bleeding between treatment groups and placebo, and no uterine abnormalities were observed during the study. The only side effect observed was mild loose stools (12% in treatment group vs. 3% in the placebo group). Further studies have shown that most active estrogenic compound in Menerba is liquiritigenin, derived from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis Fisch, one of the 22 botanically derived ingredients found in Menerba. In a mouse xenograft model, liquiritigenin activated multiple ER regulatory elements and native target genes with ERβ but not ERα. The ERβ-selectivity of liquiritigenin was due to the selective recruitment of the coactivator steroid receptor coactivator-2 to target genes. Liquiritigenin did not stimulate uterine size or tumorigenesis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate that some plants contain highly selective estrogens for ERβ and are as selective as synthetic compounds, but regulate different genes. (PLOs 1 – July 17) and suggests that plant-derived ERb-selective compounds could lead to safer, more attractive alternative therapies for menopausal","title":"Menerba"},{"docid":"25207","text":"QuakeC is a compiled language developed in 1996 by John Carmack of id Software to program parts of the video game Quake. Using QuakeC, a programmer is able to customize Quake to great extents by adding weapons, changing game logic and physics, and programming complex scenarios. It can be used to control many aspects of the game itself, such as parts of the AI, triggers, or changes in the level. The Quake engine was the only game engine to use QuakeC. Following engines used DLL game modules for customization written in C, and C++ from id Tech 4 on. Overview The QuakeC source to the original id Software Quake game logic was published in 1996 and used as the basis for modifications like capture the flag and others. QuakeC source code is compiled using a tool called qcc into a bytecode kept in a file called . The programmers of Quake modifications could then publish their bytecode without revealing their source code. Most Quake mods were published this way. QuakeC allowed the Quake engine to dominate the direction of the first-person shooter genre. Thanks to Carmack's idea of extending video game life by adding unlimited expandability (extensibility already played a big role in Doom), an enormous Internet community of gamers and programmers alike has arisen and many modern multiplayer games are extensible in some form. QuakeC is known as interpreted because as Quake runs, it is continually interpreting the progs.dat file. Limitations and subsequent solutions The syntax of QuakeC is based on that of the C programming language, explaining its name, but it does not support the implementation of new types, structures, arrays, or any kind of referencing other than the \"entity\" type (which is always a reference). QuakeC also suffers from the fact that many built-in functions (functions prototyped in the QuakeC code but actually defined within the game engine and written in C) return strings in a temporary string buffer, which can only hold one string at any given time. In other words, a construct such as SomeFunction (ftos (num1), ftos (num2)); will fail because the second call to ftos (which converts a floating-point value to a string) overwrites the string returned by the first call before SomeFunction can do something with it. QuakeC does not contain any string handling functions or file handling functions, which were simply not needed by the original game. Most video games at the time had their game logic written in plain C/C++ and compiled into the executable, which is faster. However, this makes it harder for the community to create mods and it makes the process of porting the game to another platform (such as Linux) more costly. Despite its advantages, the choice of implementing game logic using a custom scripting language and interpreter was dropped from the next generation Quake II engine in favor of compiled C code due to the overall inflexibility of QuakeC, the increasingly complex game logic, the performance to be gained by packaging game logic into a","title":"QuakeC"},{"docid":"980365","text":"In biology, a ring species is a connected series of neighbouring populations, each of which interbreeds with closely sited related populations, but for which there exist at least two \"end populations\" in the series, which are too distantly related to interbreed, though there is a potential gene flow between each \"linked\" population and the next. Such non-breeding, though genetically connected, \"end populations\" may co-exist in the same region (sympatry) thus closing a \"ring\". The German term , meaning a circle of races, is also used. Ring species represent speciation and have been cited as evidence of evolution. They illustrate what happens over time as populations genetically diverge, specifically because they represent, in living populations, what normally happens over time between long-deceased ancestor populations and living populations, in which the intermediates have become extinct. The evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins remarks that ring species \"are only showing us in the spatial dimension something that must always happen in the time dimension\". Formally, the issue is that interfertility (ability to interbreed) is not a transitive relation; if A breeds with B, and B breeds with C, it does not mean that A breeds with C, and therefore does not define an equivalence relation. A ring species is a species with a counterexample to the transitivity of interbreeding. However, it is unclear whether any of the examples of ring species cited by scientists actually permit gene flow from end to end, with many being debated and contested. History The classic ring species is the Larus gull. In 1925 Jonathan Dwight found the genus to form a chain of varieties around the Arctic Circle. However, doubts have arisen as to whether this represents an actual ring species. In 1938, Claud Buchanan Ticehurst argued that the greenish warbler had spread from Nepal around the Tibetan Plateau, while adapting to each new environment, meeting again in Siberia where the ends no longer interbreed. These and other discoveries led Mayr to first formulate a theory on ring species in his 1942 study Systematics and the Origin of Species. Also in the 1940s, Robert C. Stebbins described the Ensatina salamanders around the Californian Central Valley as a ring species; but again, some authors such as Jerry Coyne consider this classification incorrect. Finally in 2012, the first example of a ring species in plants was found in a spurge, forming a ring around the Caribbean Sea. Speciation The biologist Ernst Mayr championed the concept of ring species, stating that it unequivocally demonstrated the process of speciation. A ring species is an alternative model to allopatric speciation, \"illustrating how new species can arise through 'circular overlap', without interruption of gene flow through intervening populations…\" However, Jerry Coyne and H. Allen Orr point out that rings species more closely model parapatric speciation. Ring species often attract the interests of evolutionary biologists, systematists, and researchers of speciation leading to both thought provoking ideas and confusion concerning their definition. Contemporary scholars recognize that examples in nature have proved rare due to various factors such","title":"Ring species"},{"docid":"421835","text":"Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) is a designation for non-United States-based organizations deemed by the United States Secretary of State, in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (INA), to be involved in what US authorities define as terrorist activities. Most of the organizations on the list are Islamist extremist groups; the rest are nationalist/separatist groups, or Marxist militant groups. The Department of State, along with the United States Department of the Treasury, also has the authority to designate individuals and entities as subject to counter-terrorism sanctions according to Executive Order 13224. The Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) maintains a separate list of such individuals and entities. Identification of candidates The Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism (CT) of the United States Department of State continually monitors the activities of groups active around the world to identify targets for the \"terrorist\" designation. When reviewing potential targets, S/CT looks at the actual attacks that a group has carried out, as well as whether the group has engaged in planning and preparations for possible future acts of violence or retains the capability and intent to carry out such acts. Designation process Once a target is identified, the Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism prepares a detailed \"administrative record\", which is a compilation of information, typically including both classified and open sources information, demonstrating that the statutory criteria for designation have been satisfied. If the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury, decides to make the designation, the United States Congress is notified of the Secretary's intent to designate the organization and given seven days to review the designation, as the INA requires. Upon the expiration of the seven-day waiting period, notice of the designation is published in the Federal Register, at which point the designation takes effect. An organization designated as an FTO may seek judicial review of the designation in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit not later than 30 days after the designation is published in the Federal Register. Under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, the FTO may file a petition for revocation two years after the designation date (or in the case of redesignated FTOs, its most recent redesignation date) or two years after the determination date on its most recent petition for revocation. In order to provide a basis for revocation, the petitioning FTO must provide evidence that the circumstances forming the basis for the designation are sufficiently different as to warrant revocation. If no such review has been conducted during a five-year period with respect to a designation, then the Secretary of State is required to review the designation to determine whether revocation would be appropriate. The procedural requirements for designating an organization as an FTO also apply to any redesignation of that organization. The Secretary of State may revoke a designation or redesignation at any time upon a finding that the circumstances","title":"United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations"},{"docid":"19412643","text":"Owned and founded by Fernando González Sanchez, Aerofan FTO is an approved Flight Training Organisation, operating from Madrid Cuatro Vientos Airport, Spain. Aerofan FTO currently operates one Cessna 152, one Cessna 172 and one Cessna 310 multi-engine aircraft. The flying school is approved for private and commercial pilot training. Flight attendant courses are also available. History Aerofan was founded in 1992 operating just one Cessna 152 for private pilot courses. Between 2002 and 2007 the flying school experienced several years of solid growth, largely due to its high percentage of non-Spanish students. During these years Aerofan FTO was one of the leading pilot schools in Spain focused on international flight training. In 2009 owner Fernando González launched IMD Airways. For a period of two years IMD operated an MD87 in wet-lease operations. Since the launching of IMD, Aerofan FTO saw no further expansion or growth. Since 2011 Aerofan has seen a significant fleet reduction and now operates only three aircraft. Its other aircraft have all been sold, or scrapped. IMD Airways operations have ceased. Aerofan however continues to operate. Fleet The Aerofan fleet includes the following aircraft (as of 11 January 2012) : FTO 1 Cessna 152 3 Cessna 172 1 Cessna 172RG 1 Cessna 310 1 Piper Seneca Airline 1 MD-87 External links Aerofan Aerofan Fleet Airlines of Spain","title":"Aerofan"},{"docid":"694295","text":"A chocoholic is a person who craves or compulsively consumes chocolate. The word \"chocoholic\" was first used in 1961, according to Merriam-Webster. It is a portmanteau of \"chocolate\" and \"alcoholic\". The term is used loosely or humorously to describe a person who is inordinately fond of chocolate; however, there is medical evidence to support the existence of actual addiction to chocolate. Psychoactive constituents of chocolate that trigger a ‘feel-good’ reaction for the consumer include tryptophan and phenylethylamine, which may contribute to cravings and addiction-like responses, particularly in people with specific genetic alleles. The quantity of sugars used in chocolate confections also impacts the psychoactive effects of chocolate. Although the concept of a chocolate addiction is still controversial in the medical literature, chocolate (especially dark chocolate) is considered to have effects on mood, and chocolate confectioneries almost always top the list of foods people say they crave. The craving can be so strong in some cases that chocoholics may experience withdrawal symptoms if the craving is not fulfilled. Addiction There are two factors that contribute to the addictive nature of chocolate. The first is the pharmacological ingredients, and the second is the additives. The essential components of addiction are intense craving for something and a loss of control over its use. Academic research has shown that people can exhibit both of these components in relation to food, particularly food that contains sugar or fat. Since chocolate contains both, it is often used in studies of food addiction. Criticism A study in the journal Nutrients has shown that despite some evidence that this type of addiction exists, there is no formal diagnosis given in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It is known that chocolate consumption does not activate the shell of the nucleus accumbens, as seen in those with substance use disorders. Genetics A study published in the journal Cell Metabolism proved a correlation between the FGF21 gene and a liking for sweet foods. Other research has upheld one of the variants of the FGF21 gene were 20% more likely to crave sugary foods. The FGF21 gene also moderates appetite and controls insulin resistance. The FGF21 gene is also known to be associated with the sweet tooth. It is also known that there is an association between the FTO gene and intake of sugar and caffeine. The FTO gene works to regulate the body's energy usage. Some variants of the FTO gene play a major role in the connectivity in the reward circuit of the meso-striato prefrontal regions, which act to process information and focus one's attention, and are linked to disorders such as addiction. Studies have found that the presence of chromosome 16 can uphold genetic variations that influence the intake of sweet foods, such as chocolate. The dopamine receptor D2 is also linked to addictive behaviours such as substance use disorders. Addiction may occur when there is a deficit in the number of dopamine 2 receptors, which gives one the ability to experience pleasure.","title":"Chocoholic"},{"docid":"57342942","text":"Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by persistent hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and thought disorder. These experiences are evident in multiple sensory modalities and include deviation in all facets of thought, cognition, and emotion. Compared to other psychological disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), schizophrenia has significantly higher heritability. Schizophrenia has been found to present cross-culturally, and it almost always has 0.1% prevalence in a given population, although some studies have cast doubts on this. It has been hypothesized that schizophrenia is unique to human beings and has existed for a long time. Schizophrenia has raised a perplexing question for evolutionary psychologists and anthropologists. Why has such a debilitating disorder persisted for so long, with such frequency? This paradox has been referred to as the schizophrenia enigma, and many evolutionary models have been created to explain it. Evolutionary approaches reflect on how human genes can change over time. Under evolutionary pressures, certain phenotypes are favored, and this selection influences the frequency of genes that control these phenotypes. Evolutionary approaches have been used to try to explain the schizophrenia enigma. Widely accepted views see schizophrenia as either a disadvantageous byproduct of human evolution or an evolutionarily beneficial adaptation. Main explanations There are several evolutionary theories related to schizophrenia spanning time from when Homo erectus gained control of fire onward to the modern day. The first theory related to schizophrenia is Byproduct theories, which are a specific type of theory put forward by various scientists. These theories portray the disorder as a consequence of other, separate evolutionary changes. One anthropologist putting forward this theory, Crow, states that schizophrenia is a result from incomplete hemispheric specialization due to selection of genes relating to language. While another scientist, Burns, follows that schizophrenia is related to modified cortical connectivity which is vital for the development of the 'social brain. Finally Horrobin argues that ancient mutations are what developed linguistic, creative and shamanic ability which in turn can potentially cause deficits in lipid metabolism or as it is termed in modern times Schizophrenia. Another evolutionary theory which connects with the development of modern-day schizophrenia are Balance theories which hypothesizes that schizophrenia's negative aspects are balanced by benefits. These benefits yield valued personality traits or yet again shamanism a desired and mystic ability of the past. Though an evolutionary theory in its own, analysis of balance theory does not show this route as a possibility. Folklore accounts mention wise fools and clever madmen but do not connect such a characteristic to motifs combining psychosis and creativity, aspects believed to be borne from schizophrenia. A third theory relating to schizophrenia is group selection theory which describes 'psychosis' alleles provide advantages to groups, outweighing any disadvantages. This theory then goes further and states that as a result of this grouping, humans that have specific genes replaced groups that lacked those genes. Additionally, this theory uses elements based on byproduct theories and balance theories. Environmental change theories also rely on schizophrenia-type alleles providing more benefits to","title":"Evolutionary approaches to schizophrenia"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3605460\",\n \"text\": \"Fatso may refer to: Animals The proper name of Keyboard Cat (now deceased), a cat who became the subject of an Internet meme Fatso (crocodile), a saltwater crocodile in captivity in Western Australia Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional characters Sergeant \\\"Fatso\\\" Judson, a character in the 1953 American film From Here to Eternity Fatso, a member of the Ghostly Trio and one of Casper the Friendly Ghost's uncles Fatso, a wombat from the Australian television series A Country Practice The Mancubus or Fatso, a character in the video game Doom II Films Fatso (1980 film), an American film directed by Anne Bancroft Fatso (2008 film), a Norwegian film directed by Arild Fröhlich Fatso!, a 2012 Indian film directed by Rajat Kapoor Literature Fatso, a 1987 autobiography by retired American football player Art Donovan FAT!SO?, a 1998 book by Marilyn Wann Music Fatso (band), a band who featured on the TV series Rutland Weekend Television People Leonard DiMaria (born 1941), New York mobster nicknamed Fatso Vincenzo Licciardi (born 1965), Italian criminal clan boss nicknamed \\\"'o Chiatto\\\" (Fatso) Other uses FTO gene, or Fatso, a gene linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes Fatso the Fat-Arsed Wombat, an unofficial mascot of the Sydney 2000 Olympics Fatso (service), an online DVD rental service in New Zealand\",\n \"title\": \"Fatso\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"854294\",\n \"text\": \"DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur. This can eventually lead to malignant tumors, or cancer as per the two-hit hypothesis. The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerous The DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection. The 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, and Aziz Sancar for their work on the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair processes. DNA damage DNA damage, due to environmental factors and normal metabolic processes inside the cell, occurs at a rate of 10,000 to 1,000,000 molecular lesions per cell per day. While this constitutes at most only 0.0003125% of the human genome's approximately 3.2 billion bases, unrepaired lesions in critical genes (such as tumor suppressor genes) can impede a cell's ability to carry out its function and appreciably increase the likelihood of tumor formation and contribute to tumor heterogeneity. The vast majority of DNA damage affects the primary structure of the double helix; that is, the bases themselves are chemically modified. These modifications can in turn disrupt the molecules' regular helical structure by introducing non-native chemical bonds or bulky adducts that do not fit in the standard double helix. Unlike proteins and RNA, DNA usually lacks tertiary structure and therefore damage or disturbance does not occur at that level. DNA is, however, supercoiled and wound around \\\"packaging\\\" proteins called histones (in eukaryotes), and both superstructures are vulnerable to the effects of DNA damage. Sources DNA damage can be subdivided into two main types: endogenous damage such as attack by reactive\",\n \"title\": \"DNA repair\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"37122597\",\n \"text\": \"Behavioral epigenetics is the field of study examining the role of epigenetics in shaping animal and human behavior. It seeks to explain how nurture shapes nature, where nature refers to biological heredity and nurture refers to virtually everything that occurs during the life-span (e.g., social-experience, diet and nutrition, and exposure to toxins). Behavioral epigenetics attempts to provide a framework for understanding how the expression of genes is influenced by experiences and the environment to produce individual differences in behaviour, cognition, personality, and mental health. Epigenetic gene regulation involves changes other than to the sequence of DNA and includes changes to histones (proteins around which DNA is wrapped) and DNA methylation. These epigenetic changes can influence the growth of neurons in the developing brain as well as modify the activity of neurons in the adult brain. Together, these epigenetic changes in neuron structure and function can have a marked influence on an organism's behavior. Background In biology, and specifically genetics, epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity which are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence; the term can also be used to describe the study of stable, long-term alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell that are not necessarily heritable. Examples of mechanisms that produce such changes are DNA methylation and histone modification, each of which alters how genes are expressed without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Gene expression can be controlled through the action of repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA. DNA methylation turns a gene \\\"off\\\" – it results in the inability of genetic information to be read from DNA; removing the methyl tag can turn the gene back \\\"on\\\". Histone modification changes the way that DNA is packaged into chromosomes. These changes impact how genes are expressed. Epigenetics has a strong influence on the development of an organism and can alter the expression of individual traits. Epigenetic changes occur not only in the developing fetus, but also in individuals throughout the human life-span. Because some epigenetic modifications can be passed from one generation to the next, subsequent generations may be affected by the epigenetic changes that took place in the parents. Discovery The first documented example of epigenetics affecting behavior was provided by Michael Meaney and Moshe Szyf. While working at McGill University in Montréal in 2004, they discovered that the type and amount of nurturing a mother rat provides in the early weeks of the rat's infancy determines how that rat responds to stress later in life. This stress sensitivity was linked to a down-regulation in the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the brain. In turn, this down-regulation was found to be a consequence of the extent of methylation in the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Immediately after birth, Meaney and Szyf found that methyl groups repress the glucocorticoid receptor gene in all rat pups, making the gene unable to unwind from the histone in order to be transcribed, causing a decreased stress response.\",\n \"title\": \"Behavioral epigenetics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2239705\",\n \"text\": \"Gammaretrovirus is a genus in the Retroviridae family. Example species are the murine leukemia virus and the feline leukemia virus. They cause various sarcomas, leukemias and immune deficiencies in mammals, reptiles and birds. Introduction Many endogenous retroviruses, closely related to exogenous gammaretroviruses, are present in the DNA of mammals (including humans), birds, reptiles and amphibians. Many also share a conserved RNA structural element called a core encapsidation signal. The avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses are not strictly avian viruses—it appears that reticuloendotheliosis viruses are mammalian viruses that were accidentally introduced into birds in the 1930s during research on malaria. As a potential vector for gene therapy, gammaretroviruses have some advantages over HIV as a lentiviral vector. Specifically, the gammaretroviral packaging system does not require the incorporation of any sequences overlapping with coding sequences of gag, pol, or accessory genes. Gammaretroviruses have a wide range of implications for animals. They have been linked with several diseases including cancer, specifically leukemias and lymphomas, various neurological diseases, and some immunodeficiencies in many different species. Gammaretroviruses are similar to other retroviruses and reverse transcribe a positive single strand RNA into double stranded DNA. The double stranded DNA is highly stable and easily integrated into a host genome. A few examples of the virus are Moloney murine leukemia virus, xenotropic MuLB-related virus, feline leukemia virus, and feline sarcoma virus. Gammaretroviruses are very popular retroviral vectors in laboratory studies. These vectors are crucial for gene therapy and gene transfer. The reason that they are so useful is because their genomes are very simple and easy to use. Retroviruses have the ability to integrate into host cell genomes very well, which allows for the long term expression of their genome. One specific gammaretrovirus that is commonly used as a retroviral vector is the Moloney murine leukemia virus. A specific gammaretrovirus called xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been found to infect prostate cancer tissue in laboratories. XMRV is a recombinant virus created in a laboratory accident in the mid-1990s. Although it can infect human tissue, no known disease is associated with the infection and it is unlikely to exist outside laboratories. Alleged discovery of XMRV in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in 2009 caused a controversy and eventual retraction. There were over 50 human cancer cell lines that were claimed to be linked to murine leukemia virus-related virus or murine leukemia virus. There have also been claimed discoveries of murine gammaretroviruses in lung cancer cell lines. While it was unclear what role these viruses have in the cancer development, it was believed that they are most prevalent during the tumor developing stage of the cancer by inhibiting tumor suppressing genes. Viral classification Gammaretrovirus is a part of the retroviridae family. Gammaretroviruses are considered zoonotic viruses because they are found in many different mammalian species, such as mice, cats, pigs, primates, cows, and birds. However, bats are the primary reservoir for many gammaretroviruses. Bats can have a prolonged exposure to a variety of pathogens without showing\",\n \"title\": \"Gammaretrovirus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"52985374\",\n \"text\": \"Ismaa Sadaf Farooqi is a Wellcome Trust Senior Research fellow in Clinical Science, professor of Metabolism and Medicine at the University of Cambridge and a consultant physician at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, UK. Education Farooqi was educated at the University of Birmingham where she studied medicine, and was awarded a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery degree in 1993. After working as a pre-registration house officer and senior house officer, she moved into research and was awarded a PhD in 2001 from the University of Cambridge for research on the genetics of severe childhood obesity. Research Farooqi's research investigates the genetics of obesity. Using candidate genes found in patients with severe obesity, her research group have identified patients with mutations in genes encoding leptin, the leptin receptor and biological targets of leptin action, such as the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). Her group have also demonstrated that the central leptin-melanocortin axis plays a critical role in the regulation of human food intake. Research in her laboratory has shown that people who carry variants of the MC4R gene have an increased preference for high fat food (such as certain recipes of chicken korma), but a decreased preference for sugary foods like Eton mess. Her research has also proven that mutations in the KSR2 gene are associated with insulin resistance and that genetic variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is associated with diminished hunger. Her research has been funded by the Wellcome Trust, Addenbrooke's Charitable Trust and the Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development (FP7) from the European Union. Awards and honours Farooqi was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2021. Farooqi was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2013. Her citation on election reads: Farooqi was interviewed by Jim Al-Khalili on The Life Scientific, first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 2017. Farooqi was awarded the American Diabetes Association's Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award in 2019. References Living people Wellcome Trust Alumni of the University of Cambridge Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom) Academics of the University of Cambridge 20th-century British medical doctors 21st-century British medical doctors Year of birth missing (living people) British women medical doctors British women scientists Fellows of the Royal Society\",\n \"title\": \"Sadaf Farooqi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"55285468\",\n \"text\": \"The Mammalian Genetics Unit was a genetics and genomics research institute in Oxfordshire. History Earlier research on the same site at the Radiobiology Research Unit, which opened in 1954, in the 1950s was into cytogenetics, where Charles Edmund Ford and John Hamerton confirmed on 12 January 1956 the size of the human genome. In the early 1970s this unit led research into mutagenic effects of radiation on the human chromosome. In the mid-1980s, important early work was done in genomic imprinting. From 2007, the site no longer carried out work into the effects of radiation on genes (radiobiology). From April 2022, the site closed as the Mammalian Genetics Unit and was merged with the neighboring Mary Lyon Centre. MGU The MGU was largely derived from the earlier Radiobiology Unit (RBU). In 2010, work at the unit discovered that overexpression of the FTO gene led to obesity. Structure The unit was in Oxfordshire. Function The unit carried out work into genetics and genome engineering. See also List of geneticists Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society References External links Science Oxford Structure 1995 establishments in England Genetic engineering in the United Kingdom Genetics or genomics research institutions Mammal genetics Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) Research institutes established in 1995 Research institutes in Oxfordshire Vale of White Horse\",\n \"title\": \"Mammalian Genetics Unit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"59883652\",\n \"text\": \"Libertine is the fourth and final studio album by English rock band Gene. It was released on 22 October 2001 though their own label Contra. After departing from their previous label Polydor Records in 1999, the band spent sometime writing material. Their next album was recorded across various studios in Lincolnshire, Twickenham and London. Hugh Jones served as the producer on nearly all of the songs, bar one that was produced by Stephen Street. Libertine focusses on piano instrumentation, taking influence from soul music, namely What's Going On (1971) by Marvin Gaye. Libertine received generally favourable reviews from critics, some of whom commented on the quality of the songs. The album reached number 92 in the UK Albums Chart. Ahead of the album's release, \\\"Is It Over?\\\" appeared as its lead single in October 2001. Around this time, Gene embarked on a tour of the United Kingdom. \\\"Does He Have a Name?\\\" was released as the second single from the album in January 2002. Libertine has been reissued on CD and vinyl over the years; four songs from it appeared on the band's fourth compilation album Yours for the Taking (The Best Of) (2020). Background Gene released their third studio album Revelations in March 1999. It peaked at number 25 on the UK Albums Chart; out of its two singles, \\\"As Good as It Gets\\\" reaching the highest at number 23. The following month, the band announced they had left their label Polydor Records, with both parties coming to a mutual agreement. In the same announcement, they revealed they were working on songs for their next album. In June 2000, the band played the United States for the first time in three years; the occasion was livestreamed over the internet. A live album, titled Rising for Sunset, was released on their label Contra later in the month. This was followed by one-off shows in New York City and Tunbridge Wells. Libertine was recorded at Chapel Studios in Lincolnshire, The Barge in Twickenham, Westside Studios in London, Townhouse Studios in London and BFD Studios in London. Hugh Jones produced nearly all of the songs, bar \\\"You\\\", which was produced by Stephen Street. Ewan Davies (with assistance from Will Bartle), Kenny Patterson and Cenzo Townsend served as engineers throughout the sessions. Recording concluded by May 2001. Jones mixed almost every track, save for \\\"Does He Have a Name?\\\", \\\"Yours for the Taking\\\" and \\\"You\\\"; the latter two were done by Street, while Michael Fayne and Jamie Maher handled \\\"Does He Have a Name?\\\". Kevin Metcalf then mastered the album at The Soundmaster Studios in London. Composition Libertine places more of an emphasis on piano, and takes influence from 1960s soul music and What's Going On (1971) by Marvin Gaye. Neil Hodge of Louder Than War said it was an \\\"atmospheric album that is a perfect example of late night listening including strings, Hammond organ, slide guitars and ventures into reggae\\\". It opens with the seven-minute chamber pop song \\\"Does He Have a\",\n \"title\": \"Libertine (Gene album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"70932451\",\n \"text\": \"Rachel Louise Batterham is a British physician who is a professor of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology at University College London. She established the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery. She has extensively studied obesity, and has contributed to clinical management and the understanding of obesity-related diseases. Early life and education Batterham was an undergraduate medical student at Imperial College London, where she was based at St Mary's Hospital. She completed her speciality training in diabetes and endocrinology. As part of her training, she became particularly interested in obesity. After her residency, she worked toward a master's degree in biochemistry. She eventually completed a doctorate in the regulation of body weight. Research and career In 2005, Batterham was appointed a consultant at the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, where she set up a service for the management of obesity. She was eventually promoted to Professor of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology, and appointed Obesity theme lead for the UCL National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre. Batterham identified that a genetic variation in the FTO gene can make people more likely to become obese. People with the obesity-risk variant have higher circulating levels of ghrelin in their blood, which means that they feel hungry even after having a meal. In 2016, Batterham was awarded an Research Professorship by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). She looked to improve the health of people with obesity. Whilst bariatric surgery can cause long-term weight loss, it can be difficult to access and does not always improve human health. Batterham sought to understand whether genotypes could be used to determine whether or not someone respond well to bariatric surgery. She investigated whether exercise or pharmaceutical interventions could improve weight loss and health outcomes. Batterhman believes that health inequalities perpetuate obesity amongst people from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Batterham founded the Obesity Empowerment Network in 2019. The charity looks to empower and engage people of all ages who have obesity. In 2022, she created a documentary on obesity and how the phenomenon can be addressed. Awards and honours 2015 Diabetes UK Rank Fund Nutrition Prize 2016 Appointed to the Council of the British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society 2016 Andre Mayer award from the World Obesity Federation 2018 Royal Society of Medicine's Steven's Lecture 2017 Sir Jules Thorn Award for Biomedical Award 2018 Crick Lecture 2022 Appointed Order of the British Empire in the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours Selected publications References Alumni of Imperial College London Academics of University College London 21st-century British medical doctors Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Members of the Order of the British Empire Obesity researchers NIHR Research Professors\",\n \"title\": \"Rachel Batterham\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4474479\",\n \"text\": \"FTO may refer to: Field training officer Fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) Foreign Terrorist Organisation, term used in the U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations Freedom to operate Frontier Oil, a defunct American oil company that traded on the NYSE as FTO FTO, initialism used for the New South Wales Film and Television Office, former name of Screen NSW FTO gene, a fat mass and obesity-associated protein Mitsubishi FTO, an automobile\",\n \"title\": \"FTO\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12934723\",\n \"text\": \"The Mitsubishi Galant Coupé FTO is a rear-wheel drive coupe produced by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors from November 1971 to March 1975. \\\"FTO\\\" was meant to stand for Fresco Turismo Omologato, in a fine example of Japanese Italian. The compact Coupé FTO can be seen as the replacement for the earlier Mitsubishi Colt 11-F Super Sports. The FTO was first introduced with an 1,378 cc 4G41 \\\"Neptune\\\" engine, until it was replaced in a February 1973 redesign by a pair of 1,597 cc 4G32 \\\"Saturn\\\" powerplants, offering either or depending on the state of tune. There was also a 1,439 cc Saturn engine, offering . In October 1973 there was a minor facelift, and the lineup was restricted to four versions as the EL, GS, and four-speed SL versions were cancelled. Production gradually came to an end in August 1975, after the introduction in March that year of the more staid Lancer Celeste. The FTO was based on the chassis of the first generation Mitsubishi Galant, shortened by for extra agility and lightness. It carried the chassis codes A61 (Neptune 1.4), A62 (Saturn 1.4), and A63 (Saturn 1.6). 1600 GSRs built before October 1974 (when safety standards were changed) received black plastic wheelarch extensions to accommodate a wider track, resulting in an even more aggressive look. The GSR also featured a standard limited slip differential. The FTO name was again resurrected twenty years after production of the original had ceased, when the company introduced the front-wheel drive Mitsubishi FTO in 1994. Data Primary data sources for each model are given in the first row. Data sourced elsewhere is referenced in each individual cell where it is used. References Mitsubishi Motors history, 1971–80, Mitsubishi Motors South Africa website Mitsubishi Galant FTO specifications, Histomobile Coupés Galant FTO Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Sports cars Cars introduced in 1971\",\n \"title\": \"Mitsubishi Galant FTO\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"49608776\",\n \"text\": \"Parasite-stress theory, or pathogen-stress theory, is a theory of human evolution proposing that parasites and diseases encountered by a species shape the development of species' values and qualities, proposed by researchers Corey Fincher and Randy Thornhill. The differences in how parasites and diseases stress people's development is what leads to differences in their biological mate value and mate preferences, as well as differences across culture. Parasites causing diseases pose potential ecological hazards and, subsequently, selection pressures can alter psychological and social behaviours of humans, as well as have an influence on their immune systems. Theories of parasite-mediated mate choice Several hypotheses have attempted to explain how parasite load influences female mate choice, as certain traits are thought to be costly and the expression of such traits may be indicative of genetic quality. Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis According to the Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis, female mate choice is based on the extent to which male secondary sexual characteristics are expressed, as these are thought to be indicative of a heritable resistance to pathogens. A meta-analysis reviewed studies exploring the magnitude of the relationship between expression of secondary sexual characteristics and parasite intensity, as well as level of host immune functioning. Consistent with the hypothesis proposed by Hamilton and Zuk, the meta-analysis revealed that males with the fewest parasites and/or the strongest immune systems typically had the most extravagant secondary sexual characteristics. With regards to parasite-stress theory, these findings would be interpreted as those men who have encountered more parasites – or are naturally less capable of dealing with parasites – are also less desirable mates to females, due to a lower genetic quality for the potential offspring. Zahavi handicap principle The Zahavi handicap principle, originally proposed by Zahavi in 1975, suggests that males who possess secondary sexual characteristics which provide a handicap are more attractive to females. These sexual ornaments are sexually selected in order to appear stronger and better adapted, compared to other males in the environment. This is because these characteristics are indicators of good genes and heritable viability, as they are costly to an individual's survival to maintain and produce. Therefore, the stronger the individual is, the more able they are to bear this cost. These kinds of characteristics are a form of communication within species, as they are defined as honest signals (a signal about a mate's quality which cannot be faked). As a weak individual would not be able to survive with this particular characteristic, it signals to potential mates that it is stronger than its competitors and has a high mate value. Examples of such traits include the peacock's tail, very bright in nature and hence attracting more attention from predators as well as requiring more energy to maintain. Another example is the gazelle's stotting behaviour, whereby the gazelle jumps up and down when it spots a predator, in order to indicate its physical fitness. Immunocompetence handicap hypothesis This hypothesis takes Zahavi's principle further in suggesting that testosterone is responsible for the production of male secondary sexual traits while\",\n \"title\": \"Parasite-stress theory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11503558\",\n \"text\": \"Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a membrane protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol trafficking in mammals. In humans the protein is encoded by the NPC1 gene (chromosome location 18q11). Function NPC1 was identified as the gene that when mutated, results in Niemann-Pick disease, type C. Niemann-Pick disease, type C is a rare neurovisceral lipid storage disorder resulting from autosomal recessively inherited loss-of-function mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2. This disrupts intracellular lipid transport, leading to the accumulation of lipid products in the late endosomes and lysosomes. Approximately 95% of NPC patients are found to have mutations in the NPC1 gene. NPC1 encodes a putative integral membrane protein containing sequence motifs consistent with a role in intracellular transport of cholesterol and sphingosine to post-lysosomal destinations. Clinical significance Obesity Mutations in the NPC1 gene have been strongly linked with obesity. A genome-wide association study identified NPC1 mutations as a risk factor in childhood obesity and adult morbid obesity, and 1,416 age-matched normal weight controls. Mutations in NPC1 were also correlated with ordinary weight gain in the population. Previous studies in mice have suggested that the NPC1 gene has a role in controlling appetite, as mice with a non-functioning NPC1 gene suffer late-onset weight loss and have poor food intake. NPC1 gene variant could account for around 10 per cent of all childhood obesity and about 14 per cent of adult morbid obesity cases. Obesity is a widely known disorder that is caused by having too high of a body fat percentage (defined as more than 25% body fat percentage for men, and more than 33% for women) — specifically a large excess of white adipose tissue — responsible for dramatically increasing the risks of developing other medical conditions such as Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis, cancer, and many more. Being obese is different from being overweight (which is simply weighing too much or over the recommended amount) as that does not account for body fat percentage or a body fat to body weight ratio, meaning that the weight can come from other areas in the body such as bone and/or muscle. In just the United States alone, approximately 40% of Americans aged twenty and above are obese, and over 70% of Americans aged twenty and above are overweight (which includes obesity), making obesity a major health issue that must be researched and addressed further. There are many factors that can affect obesity, including environment, diet, life-style (sedentary vs. active), genetic predisposition—and even within only the genetic component it is rarely ever just one single gene that is the main cause for obesity or increase in obesity risks. There are numerous genes (over a hundred) that can contribute to and are known to be strongly associated with or responsible for obesity. These include genes such as MC4R, LEP, LEPR, and FTO. One of the lesser known gene diseases that is known to be linked to obesity is the NPC1 disease, which is otherwise known as the Niemann-Pick disease type C1. It\",\n \"title\": \"NPC1\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"57404410\",\n \"text\": \"Epigenetics in forensic science is the application of epigenetics to solving crimes. Forensic science has been using DNA as evidence since 1984, however this does not give information about any changes in the individual since birth and will not be useful in distinguishing identical siblings. The focus of epigenetics in the forensic field is on non-heritable changes such as aging and diseases. Epigenetics involves any changes to the DNA that does not affect the sequence, but instead affects the activity of the DNA, such as the level of transcription of a particular gene. These changes can be passed down transgenerationally through the germline or arise after birth from environmental factors. In humans and other mammals, CpG dinucleotides are the main sequence that develops methylation, and because of this most studies on try and find unique methylation sites. There are a few methylation sites that have been determined as a cause of environmental influences from age, lifestyle, or certain diseases. DNA methylation DNA methylation is a common epigenetic mark being studied as potential evidence in forensic science. Unlike DNA, realistic DNA methylation is less likely be planted at crime scenes.> Current methods to fabricate DNA usually exclude important methylation marks found in biological tissues making this a way to confirm the identity of an individual when evidence is being assessed. Many different tissues can be used to analyze methylation. Sample preservation The effect of cryopreservation on epigenetic marks in tissues is a new area of study. The primary focus of this research is on oocytes and sperm for the purpose of assisted reproductive technology, however it can be useful in forensics for the preservation of evidence. Methylation can be analyzed in fresh tissue that is cryo-preserved within 24 hours of death and it can then be analyzed in this tissue for up to 1 year. If the tissue is formalin-fixed or putrefied, methylation analysis is much more difficult. Aging Although blood is the primary sample used in studies, most tissues consistently show that methylation increases early in life and slowly decreases, globally, throughout late adulthood. This process is referred to as epigenetic drift. The epigenetic clock refers to methylation sites that are highly associated with aging. These sites consistently change across individuals and can therefore be used as age markers for an individual. There are some models that have been developed to predict ages for specific samples, such as saliva and buccal epithelial cells, blood, or semen, but others have been made to age any tissue. In 2011, three significant, hypermethylated CpG sites related to aging across all samples were found in the KCNQ1DN, NPTX2, and GRIA2 genes. The age guess for over 700 samples had a mean absolute deviation from chronological age (MAD) of 11.4 years. Two years later, almost 8,000 samples were used in an elastic net regularized regression to create a new age predictive model. This resulted in 353 CpG sites being chosen for the age prediction, and the model had a MAD of 3.6 years. There is\",\n \"title\": \"Epigenetics in forensic science\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"67126169\",\n \"text\": \"Bisantrene is an anthracenyl bishydrazone with anthracycline-like antineoplastic activity and an antimetabolite. Bisantrene intercalates with and disrupts the configuration of DNA, resulting in DNA single-strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinking, and inhibition of DNA replication. This agent is similar to doxorubicin in chemotherapeutic activity, but unlike anthracyclines like doxorubicin, it exhibits little cardiotoxicity. In addition to its anthracycline-like activity, a July 2020 seminal article by Su, R et al. at the City of Hope Hospital in Los Angeles, California, USA first identified bisantrene to also be a potent (IC50 = 142nM) inhibitor of the Fat Mass and Obesity (FTO) associated protein, which is a m6A RNA demethylase. The same study found that bisantrene is a weak inhibitor of ALKBH5, which is the only other demethylase, i.e. bisantrene is also a selective inhibitor of FTO. In 2021, bisantrene was demonstrated preclinically to be cardioprotective when administered together with cardiotoxic anthracyclines. A bisantrene combination treatment is currently (as at early 2024) nearing the end of a Phase II clinical trial to assess its efficacy in treating AML in heavily pretreated patients and to assess any adverse side effects, including any cardiotoxicity of the combination. The December 2023 interim findings are given in the History section. Medical uses Clinical trials of Bisantrene in the 1980s showed efficacy in a range of leukaemias (including Acute Myeloid Leukaemia), breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. Adverse Side Effects High doses of bisantrene (above 200 mg/m2/day) cause adverse side effects typical of anthracycline chemotherapeutics. Common adverse side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, vomiting, rash, and inflammation of the mouth. For a chemotherapy drug, it is considered to have relatively low toxicity. Unlike other anthracycline chemotherapeutics, Bisantrene shows low levels of cardiotoxicity. In a Phase III metastatic breast cancer clinical, patients were exposed to cumulative doses in excess of 5440 mg/m2 without developing cardiac damage. The same study observed significantly lower rates of hair loss and nausea compared to patients given doxorubicin. Three Mechanisms of Action Bisantrene has three distinct mechanisms of action. Bisantrene contains an appropriately sized planar electron-rich chromophore to be a DNA intercalating agent, and in vitro, it is a potent inhibitor of DNA and RNA synthesis. Bisantrene is also a potent and selective inhibitor of the FTO enzyme, which is an m6A mRNA demethylase. Bisantrene acts by occupying FTO's catalytic pocket. This is a relatively recent discovery (July 2020). Finally, the University of Newcastle and the Hunter Medical Research Institute found in late 2021 preclinical research that bisantrene has a cardioprotective mechanism of action when administered together with a cardiotoxic drug such as doxorubicin. As at early 2024, the molecular basis for this cardioprotective effect hasn't been announced by the researchers. Bisantrene's cardioprotective mechanism of action is important because \\\"15 of the 35 commercially available anti-cancer drugs have direct cardiotoxic effects on HCM (human cardiomyocytes).\\\" According to the Australian Cardiovascular Alliance Cardio-Oncology Working Group , a drug which is simultaneously anticancer and cardioprotective is the \\\"Holy Grail\\\" of Cardio-Oncology. History Bisantrene was developed by Lederle\",\n \"title\": \"Bisantrene\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1505166\",\n \"text\": \"Genetic architecture is the underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait and its variational properties. Phenotypic variation for quantitative traits is, at the most basic level, the result of the segregation of alleles at quantitative trait loci (QTL). Environmental factors and other external influences can also play a role in phenotypic variation. Genetic architecture is a broad term that can be described for any given individual based on information regarding gene and allele number, the distribution of allelic and mutational effects, and patterns of pleiotropy, dominance, and epistasis. There are several different experimental views of genetic architecture. Some researchers recognize that the interplay of various genetic mechanisms is incredibly complex, but believe that these mechanisms can be averaged and treated, more or less, like statistical noise. Other researchers claim that each and every gene interaction is significant and that it is necessary to measure and model these individual systemic influences on evolutionary genetics. Applications Genetic architecture can be studied and applied at many different levels. At the most basic, individual level, genetic architecture describes the genetic basis for differences between individuals, species, and populations. This can include, among other details, how many genes are involved in a specific phenotype and how gene interactions, such as epistasis, influence that phenotype. Line-cross analyses and QTL analyses can be used to study these differences. This is perhaps the most common way that genetic architecture is studied, and though it is useful for supplying pieces of information, it does not generally provide a complete picture of the genetic architecture as a whole. Genetic architecture can also be used to discuss the evolution of populations. Classical quantitative genetics models, such as that developed by R.A. Fisher, are based on analyses of phenotype in terms of the contributions from different genes and their interactions. Genetic architecture is sometimes studied using a genotype–phenotype map, which graphically depicts the relationship between the genotype and the phenotype. Genetic architecture is incredibly important for understanding evolutionary theory because it describes phenotypic variation in its underlying genetic terms, and thus it gives us clues about the evolutionary potential of these variations. Therefore, genetic architecture can help us to answer biological questions about speciation, the evolution of sex and recombination, the survival of small populations, inbreeding, understanding diseases, animal and plant breeding, and more. Evolvability Evolvability is literally defined as the ability to evolve. In terms of genetics, evolvability is the ability of a genetic system to produce and maintain potentially adaptive genetic variants. There are several aspects of genetic architecture that contribute strongly to the evolvability of a system, including autonomy, mutability, coordination, epistasis, pleiotropy, polygeny, and robustness. Autonomy: the existence of quasi-independent characters with the potential for evolutionary autonomy. Mutability: the possibility that genetic mutation can occur. Coordination: a phenomenon such as development, during which many different genetic processes and changes happen at once. Epistasis: a phenomenon in which one gene is dependent on the presence of one or more \\\"modifier\\\" genes. Polygeny: a phenomenon in which multiple genes contribute\",\n \"title\": \"Genetic architecture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"36667426\",\n \"text\": \"XB130 (also known as AFAP1L2) is a cytosolic adaptor protein and signal transduction mediator. XB130 regulates cell proliferation, cell survival, cell motility and gene expression. XB130 is highly similar to AFAP and is thus known as actin filament associated protein 1-like 2 (AFAP1L2). XB130 is a substrate and regulator of multiple tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling. XB130 is highly expressed in the thyroid and spleen. Molecular structure The XB130 gene is located on human chromosome 10q25.3 and encodes an 818 amino acid protein. It has a molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa and is structurally similar to actin-filament-associated protein (AFAP) and is thus known as AFAP1L2. Several tyrosine phosphorylation sites and a proline rich sequence are included in the N-terminal region of XB130, which allows it to interact and activate c-Src-containing proteins, as well as bind to p85α of PI3K. Two pleckstrin-homology domains are located in the middle portion, giving XB130 its lipid-binding ability. The C-terminal region contains a coiled-coil domain, which shares partial similarity with AFAP's leucine zipper domain. Both the C-terminal and N-terminal regions of XB130 are required for XB130's role in its translocation to the lamellipodia. Despite XB130's structural similarity to AFAP, XB130 does not behave like an actin filament-associated protein. The actin-binding site present in AFAP is only partially present in XB130. Function Role in cell cycle and survival XB130 has been demonstrated to play a role in cell proliferation and survival through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. When tyrosine phosphorylated, XB130 has the ability to interact with the p85ɑ subunit of PI3K through its SH2 domains. This interaction leads to the subsequent activation of Akt, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Activated Akt promotes cell survival and cell cycle progression by phosphorylating and inactivating p21Cip1/WAF1, p27Kip1, and GSK3β, as well as inhibits apoptosis by preventing the cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-9, which are involved in the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of cell death, respectively.> Alternatively, when the expression of XB130 is suppressed in vitro, Akt phosphorylation and therefore activation becomes significantly reduced. This, in turn, leads to cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and accelerated apoptosis. Role in cell motility and invasion During cytoskeletal rearrangement, a process required for cell motility, XB130 translocates to the cell periphery. XB130 exhibits a high affinity for peripheral F-actin structures, such as the lamellipodium. The translocation of XB130 to the cell periphery is particularly important in its potential to influence cell migration and metastasis. Role in gene expression The level of XB130 expression influences the expression of multiple genes related to cell proliferation and survival, and microRNAs miR-33a, 149a, and 193a-3p, all of which exhibit tumor suppressive function in thyroid cancer cells. Role in inflammation XB130 mediated c-Src binding and activation increases Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine produce by lung epithelial cells, which contains AP-1 and SRE transcription factor binding sites. These binding sites can be activated by the downregulation of XB130 expression and lead to a decrease in IL-8 production in lung cells. Interactions XB130 (gene) has been known to\",\n \"title\": \"XB130\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"45462622\",\n \"text\": \"Oligogenic inheritance (Greek ὀλίγος – ὀligos = few, a little) describes a trait that is influenced by a few genes. Oligogenic inheritance represents an intermediate between monogenic inheritance in which a trait is determined by a single causative gene, and polygenic inheritance, in which a trait is influenced by many genes and often environmental factors. Historically, many traits were thought to be governed by a single causative gene (in what is deemed monogenic inheritance), however work in genetics revealed that these traits are comparatively rare, and in most cases so-called monogenic traits are predominantly influenced by one gene, but can be mediated by other genes of small effect. History Around the 1930s/40s, evidence that multiple genes could affect the risk of disease that showed discrete inheritance patterns, due to differences in the age of onset of disease for siblings. The age of onset for sibling pairs was very similar, but between pairs of siblings could be quite different, and would in some cases cluster into several age brackets. This suggested a major gene that controlled the risk for a disease, and other genes that impacted age of onset. The recognition of diseases which were influenced by more than one gene highlighted a need to develop methodologies for detecting these oligogenic inheritance patterns, as they did not fit the more straightforward Mendelian model of inheritance. The developments of such methods accelerated the discovery of other examples of oligogenic traits, and sparked a change in the way genetic disease was perceived. Modifier genes One example of oligogenic inheritance is a case where one gene is sufficient to cause a trait, however its penetrance or expressivity is influenced by another gene, called a modifier. An example of such a case is the gene TGFB1 which modified a person's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease if they are carrying the disease variant of the gene APP. The mechanism is thought to work through the modifier variant increasing the clearance of amyloid fibers in the aging brain, reducing plaque burden. Identification of oligogenic traits A trait can be recognised as oligogenic through the following lines of evidence: Phenotype–genotype correlations: if phenotype can't be predicted to a single strongly correlated locus, but inclusion of genotype from another locus improves the correlation, this is evidence for the trait being oligogenic Phenotypic differences in an animal model of the disease that are dependent on the genetic background: the effects of a potential modifier locus can be tested in an animal with another known causative mutation Disparities between mutations and a Mendelian model of inheritance: if carriers of a mutation do not show the pattern of phenotypes expected under Mendelian inheritance, other models may better explain observed patterns of inheritance The establishment of linkage to more than one locus or the failure to detect linkage using Mendelian models: when tracing mutations associated with a trait through a family tree, more than one mutation may show the same pattern of inheritance as the trait (in a case where multiple variants are\",\n \"title\": \"Oligogenic inheritance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"37760976\",\n \"text\": \"Infologs are independently designed synthetic genes derived from one or a few genes where substitutions are systematically incorporated to maximize information. Infologs are designed for perfect diversity distribution to maximize search efficiency. Typical protein engineering methods rely on screening a high number (106-1012 or more) of gene variants to identify individuals with improved activity using a surrogate high throughput screen (HTP) to identify initial hits. Unfortunately, results are defined by what is screened for, thus the “hit” from the HTP screen often has very little real activity in a lower throughput assay more indicative of the improved functionality for which the protein is being developed. By adapting the standard algorithms for engineering complex systems to work with biological systems, the resulting process enables researchers to deconvolute how substitutions within a protein sequence modify its function. Combining these algorithms with an integrated query and ranking mechanism allows the identification of appropriate sequence substitutions. Infologs refers to the set of designed genes, singular use Infolog describes an individual variant. Ancestry Homology between protein or DNA sequences is defined in terms of shared ancestry. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of either a speciation event (orthologs) or a duplication event (paralogs). Homologs are similar genes and/or proteins which are related by ancestry. Orthologs are the 'same' gene, but from different organisms. Homologous sequences are orthologous if they were separated by a speciation event: when a species diverges into two separate species, the copies of a single gene in the two resulting species are said to be orthologous. Orthologs, or orthologous genes, are genes in different species that originated by vertical descent from a single gene of the last common ancestor. The term \\\"ortholog\\\" was coined in 1970 by Walter Fitch. Paralogs are related genes originating from one gene that through duplication ended up as two genes that over time has evolved for two separate functions (or, according to a recent Science paper, a promiscuous starting gene that duplicated and each copy evolved towards different functions). Paralogs typically have the same or similar function, but sometimes do not: due to lack of the original selective pressure upon one copy of the duplicated gene, this copy is free to mutate and acquire new functions. Paralogs usually occur from within the same species. Xenologs are homologs resulting from horizontal gene transfer between two organisms. Xenologs can have different functions, if the new environment is vastly different for the horizontally moving gene. In general, though, xenologs typically have similar function in both organisms. Infologs are similar genes and/or proteins which are related by synthetic ancestry to approach perfect diversity distribution. Features Optimize directly for function in the final application Does not require high-throughput (HTP) screens Screen small numbers of variants (50-200) directly for the desired function Decreased false positives: variants identified by HTP screens that do not retain activity in 'real' assay Decreased loss of potential positive hits due to screening error or poor correlation between HTP screen and 'real' assay No biodiversity collections\",\n \"title\": \"Infologs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"264936\",\n \"text\": \"Perceptual mapping or market mapping is a diagrammatic technique used by asset marketers that attempts to visually display the perceptions of customers or potential customers. The positioning of a brand is influenced by customer perceptions rather than by those of businesses. For example, a business may feel it sells upmarket products of high quality, but if customers view the products as low quality, it is their views which will influence sales. Typically the position of a company's product, product line, or brand is displayed relative to their competition. Perceptual maps, also known as market maps, usually have two dimensions but can be multi-dimensional or use multiple colours to add an extra variable. They can be used to identify gaps in the market and potential partners or merger targets as well as to clarify perceptual problems with a company's product. So, if a business wants to find out where its brand is positioned in the market, it might carry out market research. This will help them to find out how the customers sees their brand in relation to others in the market. Uses Perceptual mapping enables companies to better understand their customers: the who, why, where, how and what of their behaviour. If a business is perceived in a manner they find unsatisfactory, further research then identifies what can be done to change that. Perceptual mapping also allows businesses to see what consumers think of other brands, particularly their competitors. Regular uses of the maps can help track preferences, and see changes as they happen. Perceptual mapping can help define market segments, showing clusters of businesses differentiated by key aspects (such as higher class or number of restaurants). Within the clusters found in perceptual maps of entire industries, a business can classify potential partners or possible businesses to merge with, since the clustering of brands signifies the similarity in businesses, meaning they have corresponding attributes. It can also help identify gaps in a market where a new product or service could be introduced. Perceptual maps can also be used to help keep track of how a new product, such as a recently introduced smartphone, is being viewed in a specific market. It is important to see that the way a business is marketing its product is not only successful, but successful in a manner that aligns with the business’s overarching goal for positioning. Some companies seem to have fallen out of favor with the public, such as Quicken Loans and VW. Perceptual mapping can help elicit the extent of the damage. Limitations There are many limitations to perceptual mapping. The largest is the number of variables used. Traditionally, the map uses two variables and does not account for others, because these first two variables include the most variance. This assumption can hinder the reliability of results, as in some cases, it is not safe to assume that there are only two major factors influencing the decision of purchase for a consumer. For example, a graph may use quality of food and\",\n \"title\": \"Perceptual mapping\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"42647878\",\n \"text\": \"Epigenetic therapy refers to the use of drugs or other interventions to modify gene expression patterns, potentially treating diseases by targeting epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that do not arise from alterations in the DNA sequence, resulting in the heritable silencing of genes without changing the coding sequence. Epigenetic therapy involves using drugs or other techniques to influence these epigenetic mechanisms in addressing specific medical conditions. Various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and mental illnesses, are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms. Emerging areas of epigenetic therapy include its application in heart disease, primarily focusing on tissue regeneration, and in schizophrenia, where the focus lies on alleviating symptoms. Overall, epigenetic therapies aim to target the underlying epigenetic molecular pathways responsible for disease manifestation. Epigenetics Epigenetics refers to the study of changes in gene expressions that do not result from alterations in the DNA sequence'. Altered gene expression patterns can result from chemical modifications in DNA and chromatin, to changes in several regulatory mechanisms. Epigenetic markings can be inherited in some cases, and can change in response to environmental stimuli over the course of an organism's life. Many diseases are known to have a genetic component, but the epigenetic mechanisms underlying many conditions are still being discovered. A significant number of diseases are known to change the expression of genes within the body, and epigenetic involvement is a plausible hypothesis for how they do this. These changes can be the cause of symptoms to the disease. Several diseases, especially cancer, have been suspected of selectively turning genes on or off, thereby resulting in a capability for the tumorous tissues to escape the host's immune reaction. Known epigenetic mechanisms typically cluster into three categories. The first is DNA methylation, where a cytosine residue that is followed by a guanine residue (CpG) is methylated. In general, DNA methylation attracts proteins which fold that section of the chromatin and repress the related genes. The second category is histone modifications. Histones are proteins which are involved in the folding and compaction of the chromatin. There are several different types of histones, and they can be chemically modified in a number of ways. Acetylation of histone tails typically leads to weaker interactions between the histones and the DNA, which is associated with gene expression. Histones can be modified in many positions, with many different types of chemical modifications, but the precise details of the histone code are currently unknown. The final category of epigenetic mechanism is regulatory RNA. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding sequences that are involved in gene expression. Thousands of miRNAs are known, and the extent of their involvement in epigenetic regulation is an area of ongoing research. Epigenetic therapies are reversible, unlike gene therapy. This means that they are druggable for targeted therapies. Potential applications Cancer Epigenetic alterations can play a major role in the development and progression of cancer. This can be seen as a result of the changes made\",\n \"title\": \"Epigenetic therapy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"44631723\",\n \"text\": \"The genetic influences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not understood well due to the limitations of any genetic study of mental illness; in that, it cannot be ethically induced in selected groups. Because of this, all studies must use naturally occurring groups with genetic similarities and differences, thus the amount of data is limited. Still, genetics play some role in the development of PTSD. Research and potential influences Approximately 30% of the variance in PTSD is caused by genetics alone. For twins exposed to combat in the Vietnam War, a monozygotic (identical) twin with PTSD was associated with an increased risk of the co-twin having PTSD, as compared to dizygotic (non-identical) twins; additionally, assaultive trauma (compared to non-assaultive trauma) was more likely to exacerbate these effects. There is also evidence that those with a genetically smaller hippocampus are more likely to develop PTSD following a traumatic event. Research has also found that PTSD shares many genetic influences common to other psychiatric disorders. Panic and generalized anxiety disorders and PTSD share 60% of the same genetic variance. Alcohol, nicotine, and drug dependence share greater than 40% genetic similarities. Additional disorders—such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder—share the same fundamental genetic phenotypes as PTSD. Nature vs. nurture An individual's potential for onset of many psychological disorders is heavily affected by genetic phenotypes, yet this is not the only contributing factor. Environment plays an important role as well, especially for trauma-based disorders such as PTSD, considering that certain life experiences can trigger the activation of an underlying genetic phenotype which might have been previously dormant. This can be further understood by examining the diathesis-stress model for the onset of psychological disorders, which explains that certain individuals, due to their genetic phenotypes, are more susceptible to psychological disorders when encountering the same stressful life situations or stimuli as other individuals without these same underlying genetic phenotypes. Effects of neurotransmitters and hormones Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. A 2009 study reported a significant interaction between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the GABA alpha-2 receptor gene and the severity of childhood trauma in predicting PTSD in adults. Another study found an association between a specific SNP of the RGS2 gene and PTSD symptoms in adults who experienced high environmental stress (hurricane exposure) and low social support. Studies in 2008 found that several SNPs in the FKBP5 (FK506 binding protein 5) gene interact with childhood trauma to predict severity of adult PTSD. These findings suggest that individuals with these SNPs who are abused as children are more susceptible to PTSD as adults. This is particularly important given that FKBP5 SNPs have previously been associated with peritraumatic dissociation in medically injured children (that is, dissociation at the time of the childhood trauma), which has itself been shown to be predictive of PTSD. Furthermore, FKBP5 may be less expressed in those with current PTSD. In 2011, another study found that a single SNP in a putative estrogen response element on the\",\n \"title\": \"Genetics of post-traumatic stress disorder\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"66839757\",\n \"text\": \"Astrovirology is an emerging subdiscipline of astrobiology which aims to understand what role viruses played in the origin and evolution of life on Earth as well as the potential for viruses beyond Earth. Viruses and early life on Earth Viruses drive evolution Viruses are a major driving force in evolution; the arms race between viruses and their host, or the Red Queen hypothesis, causes strong evolutionary pressures in both the host and viruses. The host evolves to evade and destroy viruses, while the virus evolves mechanisms to continue infecting the host. Evolution is also influenced by viral horizontal gene transfer. Viral genes can be inserted into the host genome (ex. Retroviruses) and sometimes these genes are evolutionarily favorable. One common example of beneficial horizontal gene transfer in humans is the gene for syncytin, which came from ancient viruses and is important in placenta development. Viruses influence major evolutionary events Though unproven, some virologists posit that viruses may have played an important role in major evolutionary events, including the emergence of a DNA genome from an RNA world, divergence from LUCA to the three domains of life, archaea, bacteria, and eukarya, and development of multicellularity. Emergence of a DNA genome and divergence from LUCA may have been aided by horizontal gene transfer of polymerases and other gene-editing enzymes from viruses. Meanwhile, viral selection pressures could have also aided divergence from LUCA to defend against different viruses, while multicellularity provides greater cell population protection from viruses. Viruses and Earth's environment Viruses influence biogeochemical cycles Viruses cause nutrient cycling in the ocean via the viral shunt, and up to 25% of the available carbon in the upper ocean is attributed to virus-induced cell lysis. Around 5% of Earth's oxygen is thought to be produced by cells infected by viruses encoding photosynthetic genes otherwise absent from the cell. For example, some viruses of cyanobacteria contain genes for Photosystem II, which allows those cyanobacteria to photosynthesize and live in a different part of the ocean as their non-infected counterparts. Some viruses encode other metabolic genes that allow new metabolic functions in their host, for example, phosphate, carbon, and sulfur metabolism. Extremophile viruses Viruses have been found in extremely hot, cold, and acidic natural environments, up to , down to , and down to pH 1.5. Viruses in space Infectivity in space Viruses including tobacco mosaic virus, poliovirus, and bacteriophage T1 have maintained infectivity after being exposed to space-like conditions including interstellar radiation, low temperature, and low pressure. Further studies are needed to assess the risk of viral hitchhikers, but any virus infecting an organism inside a habitable spacecraft can survive as long as that organism survives. Effect on astronauts Latent viruses such as herpes virus, prevalent in humans, can become reactive during spaceflight due to spaceflight stressors. While astronauts experienced few if any symptoms, the potential for other viruses to become reactivated or more virulent is a substantial threat. Furthermore, some bacteria (Serratia marcescens) have been found to be more virulent in spaceflight conditions, leading\",\n \"title\": \"Astrovirology\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"34284246\",\n \"text\": \"Most cases of type 2 diabetes involved many genes contributing small amount to the overall condition. As of 2011 more than 36 genes have been found that contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. All of these genes together still only account for 10% of the total genetic component of the disease. There are a number of rare cases of diabetes that arise due to an abnormality in a single gene (known as monogenic forms of diabetes). These include maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), Donohue syndrome, and Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome, among others. Maturity onset diabetes of the young constitute 1–5% of all cases of diabetes in young people. Polygenic Genetic cause and mechanism of type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. However, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is one of many mechanisms that leads to increased risk for type 2 diabetes. To locate genes and loci that are responsible for the risk of type 2 diabetes, genome wide association studies (GWAS) was utilized to compare the genomes of diabetic patient group and the non-diabetic control group. The diabetic patients’ genome sequences differ from the controls' genome in specific loci along and around numerous genes, and these differences in the nucleotide sequences alter phenotypic traits that exhibit increased susceptibility to the diabetes. GWAS has revealed 65 different loci (where single nucleotide sequences differ from the patient and control group's genomes), and genes associated with type 2 diabetes, including TCF7L2, PPARG, FTO, KCNJ11, NOTCH2, WFS1, IGF2BP2, SLC30A8, JAZF1, HHEX, DGKB, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, KCNQ1, HNF1A, HNF1B MC4R, GIPR, HNF4A, MTNR1B, PPARG, ZBED3, SLC30A8, CDKAL1, GLIS3, GCK, GCKR, among others.KCNJ11 (potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11), encodes the islet ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2, and TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7–like 2) regulates proglucagon gene expression and thus the production of glucagon-like peptide-1. In addition, there is also a mutation to the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide gene that results in an earlier onset, more severe, form of diabetes. However, this is not a comprehensive list of genes that affects the proneness to the diabetes. SNP rs7873784 located in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of TLR4 gene and associated with the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus. PU.1 binding to the minor C allele of rs7873784 may be responsible for elevated TLR4 expression in the monocytes of affected individuals, contributing to an inflammation-prone environment that predisposes minor allele carriers to development of certain pathologies with an inflammatory component. rs7873784 was also associated with the abnormal metabolic phenotype accompanying T2DM (levels of fasting insulin and triglycerides, abnormal low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels). However, there is growing evidence that T2DM is not only a purely metabolic, but also an inflammatory disorder. The link between certain TLR4 SNPs alleles and T2DM may be directly related to elevated TLR4 expression since its signaling can regulate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance and, therefore, influence the pathogenesis of T2DM. TLR4 expression is elevated in adipose tissue of obese mice and its activation triggered insulin resistance in adipocytes. LPS-mediated TLR4 activation can suppress glucose-induced\",\n \"title\": \"Genetic causes of type 2 diabetes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3682632\",\n \"text\": \"TAS2R16 (taste receptor, type 2, member 16) is a bitter taste receptor and one of the 25 TAS2Rs. TAS2Rs are receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. These receptors detect various bitter substances found in nature as agonists, and get stimulated. TAS2R16 receptor is mainly expressed within taste buds present on the surface of the tongue and palate epithelium. TAS2R16 is activated by bitter β-glucopyranosides (such as salicin) Other names T2R16, Taste receptor 2 member 16, BGLPT. Gene The receptor is encoded by the TAS2R16 human gene which located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 7 at position 31.1-31.3, 997 bases. This gene is specifically expressed by taste receptor cells of the tongue and palate epithelia. Different individuals may have variations in the TAS2R16 gene, which can influence their sensitivity or preference for certain bitter compounds. Structure TAS2R16 consists of 291 amino acids. Molecular weight: 33,986 (Da). The receptor has 7 transmembrane helices, 3 intracellular loops and 3 extracellular loops. there are some conserved residues (black) and residues for which mutagenesis data is available. Function The function of TAS2R16 is to bind to specific bitter-tasting molecules present in various foods, plants, and potentially harmful substances. When binding to these molecules, TAS2R16 initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the transmission of signals to the brain, which results in the perception of bitterness. TAS2R16 specifically is believed to play a central role in determining human preference to eat or avoid such vegetables with bitter β-glucosides, important dietary choices that ultimately influence human health. The signaling pathway includes two essential components of the well-established taste signal transduction cascade: phospholipase C isoform β2 (PLCβ2) and the ion channel known as transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5). Ca2+-flux signaling assays are commonly used to measure the function of TAS2R16 and other GPCRs, so this measurement represents the key function of the receptor. Ligands (from BitterDB) There are 13 known ligands for TAS2R16. The most well-studied natural ligand of TAS2R16 is salicin. In previous researches which analyzed how this receptor binds and signals, 38 residues that may be involved in signal transduction and 13 residues that contribute to ligand-specific interactions, were found to be involved. β-glucoside analogues are specific agonists of TAS2R16 in humans. These analogues, such as natural toxins, are molecular scafold consists of a D-glucose monosaccharide linked by an oxygen atom to a phenyl group. Arbutin was the first known natural inverse agonist for TAS2Rs. Many plants, including cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and brussels sprouts, contain bitter β-glucosides such as salicin, sinigrin, arbutin, and amygdalin. Single nucleotide polymorphisms Taste receptors harbor many polymorphisms, and several SNPs have a profound impact on the gene function and expression. Recently studies have shown that mutation of the TAS2R16 gene could affect the intake of vegetables and anti-inflammatory food, which would influence age-related inflammatory diseases and increase the human lifespan. In addition, polymorphism of the TAS2R16 gene seems to affect body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking and drug compliance.\",\n \"title\": \"TAS2R16\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7373582\",\n \"text\": \"In genetics, transgressive segregation is the formation of extreme phenotypes, or transgressive phenotypes, observed in segregated hybrid populations compared to phenotypes observed in the parental lines. The appearance of these transgressive (extreme) phenotypes can be either positive or negative in terms of fitness. If both parents' favorable alleles come together, it will result in a hybrid having a higher fitness than the two parents. The hybrid species will show more genetic variation and variation in gene expression than their parents. As a result, the hybrid species will have some traits that are transgressive (extreme) in nature. Transgressive segregation can allow a hybrid species to populate different environments/niches in which the parent species do not reside, or compete in the existing environment with the parental species. Causes Genetic There are many causes for transgressive segregation in hybrids. One cause can be due to recombination of additive alleles. Recombination results in new pairs of alleles at two or more loci. These different pairs of alleles can give rise to new phenotypes if gene expression has been changed at these loci. Another cause can be elevated mutation rate. When mutation rates are high, it is more probable that a mutation will occur and cause an extreme phenotypic change. Reduced developmental stability is another cause for transgressive segregation. Developmental stability refers to the capability of a genotype to go through a constant development of a phenotype in a certain environmental setting. If there is a disturbance due to genetic or environmental factors, the genotype will be more sensitive to phenotypic changes. Another cause arises from the interaction between two alleles of two different genes, also known as the epistatic effect. Epistasis is the event when one allele at a locus prevents an allele at another locus to express its product as if it is masking its effect. Therefore, epistasis can be related to gene over dominance caused by heterozygosity at specific loci.[2] What this means is that the heterozygote (hybrid) when compared to the homozygote (parent) is better adapted and therefore shows more transgressive, extreme phenotypes. All of these causes lead to the appearance of these extreme phenotypes and creates a hybrid species that will deviate away from the parent species niche and eventually create an individual \\\"hybrid\\\" species. Environmental Other than the genetic factors solely causing transgressive segregation, environmental factors can cause genetic factors to take place. Environmental factors that cause transgressive segregation can be influenced by human activity and climate change. Both human activity and climate change have the capability to force species of a specific genome to interact with other species with different genomes. For example, if a bridge is built that connects two isolated areas to one another, a gene flow door would open. This open door will increase the interactions between different species with different genomes can create hybrid species that can potentially show transgressive phenotypes. Human activity can open the gene flow door by pursuing harmful actions such as cutting down forests and pollution. Climate change on the\",\n \"title\": \"Transgressive segregation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"59272895\",\n \"text\": \"The Federal Tax Ombudsman (FTO, ) evaluates complaints against federal tax agencies. Article 37 of the Constitution of Pakistan calls for inexpensive and expeditious justice. The Federal Tax Ombudsman Ordinance of 2000 and the Federal Ombudsman Institutional Reforms (FOIR) Act of 2013 confer powers, including administrative and financial autonomy. This aligns with the separation of Pakistan's judiciary and executive branches in accordance with the Constitution. History The Federal Tax Ombudsman (FTO) office was established in 2000. It was mandated to respond to, find, and rectify maladministration by revenue agencies. Institution of Ombudsman in Pakistan In Pakistan, the establishment of an Ombudsman institution was advocated in Article 276 of the Interim Constitution of 1972, which provided for the appointment of a Federal Ombudsman and Provincial Ombudsmen. The Constitution of 1973 provided for the establishment of Federal Ombudsman, and the institution was eventually created through the Establishment of the Office of Wafaqi Mohtasib (Ombudsman) Order of 1983, which was the President's first order of 1983. On 8 August 1983, the Ombudsman began functioning. Other Ombudsman institutions in Pakistan include Provincial Ombudsman offices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Baluchistan, Sindh, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir; Federal Banking Ombudsman; Federal Insurance Ombudsman; Federal Tax Ombudsman; Federal Ombudsman for Protection of Women against Harassment at Workplace; and Provincial Ombudsman for Protection of Women against Harassment at Workplace in Punjab and Sindh. All Ombudsmen institutions informally collaborate through the Forum of Pakistan Ombudsmen (FPO). They are also affiliated with the Asian Ombudsman Association (AOA), the International Ombudsman Institute (IOI), and the OIC Ombudsman Association. Mandate and empowerment of FTO In the Federal Tax Ombudsman Ordinance of 2000, the FTO was mandated to \\\"diagnose, investigate, redress and rectify any injustice done to a person through maladministration by functionaries administering tax laws\\\". According to Section 11 of the Federal Ombudsmen Institutional Reforms Act of 2013, the FTO may stay the operation of an impugned order or decision for a period up to sixty days. The FTO is responsible for findings, recommendations, and contempt proceedings (equal to the Supreme Court); according to the Powers of a Civil Court under Code of Civil Procedure of 1908, this includes summoning any person and examining him on oath, enforcing the attendance of any person, compelling production of documents, receiving evidence on affidavits, and issuing commission for examination of witnesses. Legal framework The FTO's legal framework consists of the following acts and reforms: the Establishment of the Office of Federal Tax Ombudsman Ordinance of 2000, the Federal Ombudsmen Institutional Reforms Act of 2013, and the Federal Tax Ombudsman Investigation and Disposal of Complaints Regulations of 2001. Scope of FTO The FTO manages complaints by aggrieved existing or prospective taxpayers, references by the Hon’ble President of Pakistan, references by the Supreme Court of Pakistan or High Courts, and Own Motion Notices. Role of FTO The FTO's roles include an accountability mechanism for maladministration, a support mechanism for Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) and revenue division, and the promotion of good governance. Jurisdiction of FTO FTO\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Tax Ombudsman (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14438348\",\n \"text\": \"Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. It is activated by endogenous cannabinoids called endocannabinoids, a group of retrograde neurotransmitters that include lipids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); plant phytocannabinoids, such as docosatetraenoylethanolamide found in wild daga, the compound THC which is an active constituent of the psychoactive drug cannabis; and synthetic analogs of THC. CB1 is antagonized by the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). The primary endogenous agonist of the human CB1 receptor is anandamide. Structure The CB1 receptor shares the structure characteristic of all G-protein-coupled receptors, possessing seven transmembrane domains connected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops, an extracellular N-terminal tail, and an intracellular C-terminal tail. The receptor may exist as a homodimer or form heterodimers or other GPCR oligomers with different classes of G-protein-coupled receptors. Observed heterodimers include A2A–CB1, CB1–D2, OX1–CB1, μOR–CB1, while many more may only be stable enough to exist in vivo. The CB1 receptor possesses an allosteric modulatory binding site. The CB1 receptor is encoded by the gene CNR1, located on human chromosome 6. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. CNR1 orthologs have been identified in most mammals. The CNR1 gene has a structure consisting of a single coding-exon and multiple alternative 5' untranslated exons. The CB1 receptor is created by transcription of the last exon on the CNR1 gene. Mechanism The CB1 receptor is a pre-synaptic heteroreceptor that modulates neurotransmitter release when activated in a dose-dependent, stereoselective and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The CB1 receptor is activated by cannabinoids, generated naturally inside the body (endocannabinoids) or exogenously, normally through cannabis or a related synthetic compound. Research suggests that the majority of CB1 receptors are coupled through Gi/o proteins. Upon activation, CB1 receptor exhibits its effects mainly through activation of Gi, which decreases intracellular cAMP concentration by inhibiting its production enzyme, adenylate cyclase, and increases mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) concentration. Alternatively, in some rare cases CB1 receptor activation may be coupled to Gs proteins, which stimulate adenylate cyclase. cAMP is known to serve as a second messenger coupled to a variety of ion channels, including the positively influenced inwardly rectifying potassium channels (=Kir or IRK), and calcium channels, which are activated by cAMP-dependent interaction with such molecules as protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), Raf-1, ERK, JNK, p38, c-fos, c-jun, and others. In terms of function, the inhibition of intracellular cAMP expression shortens the duration of pre-synaptic action potentials by prolonging the rectifying potassium A-type currents, which is normally inactivated upon phosphorylation by PKA. This inhibition grows more pronounced when considered with the effect of activated CB1 receptors to limit calcium entry into the cell, which does not occur through cAMP but by a direct G-protein-mediated inhibition. As presynaptic calcium entry is a requirement for vesicle release, this function will decrease the transmitter that enters the synapse upon release.\",\n \"title\": \"Cannabinoid receptor 1\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"69616598\",\n \"text\": \"Eric R. Gamazon is a statistical geneticist in Vanderbilt University, with faculty affiliations in the Division of Genetic Medicine, Data Science Institute, and Center for Precision Medicine. He is a Life Member of Clare Hall, Cambridge University after election to a Visiting Fellowship (2018). Research and career Eric Gamazon has developed computational methods that can be used to identify genes and mechanisms underlying complex diseases. He was a developer of the transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) methodology (PrediXcan), which integrates gene expression and genome-wide association study data to identify disease-associated genes. Subsequent work integrated Mendelian randomization into TWAS. As of December 2021, he has authored 160 peer-reviewed publications in human genetics, functional genomics, and statistical genetics. He was a co-chair of the Genome-Wide Association Studies Working Group of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) program that developed a transcriptome and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) reference resource for the scientific community. He leads a research initiative to integrate large-scale DNA biobanks and functional genomics to further precision medicine in diverse populations. He has identified genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. He leads a National Institute on Aging funded international consortium that aims to identify new treatments for Alzheimer's disease using genetic and molecular data. Awards and honors Gamazon was a recipient of the inaugural National Institutes of Health Genomic Innovator Award, which is awarded to investigators in genome biology and genomic medicine with “outstanding records of productivity as they pursue important research areas, including new directions as they arise.\\\" He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology and a Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge in 2018. In 2021, he was appointed a standing member of the National Institutes of Health Review Panel for Biostatistical Methods and Research Design (BMRD), which reviews and makes recommendations on (grant) \\\"applications which seek to advance statistical and mathematical techniques and technologies applicable to the experimental design and analysis of data in biomedical, behavioral, and social science research.” Selected publications Smemo, Scott, Juan J. Tena, Kyoung-Han Kim, Eric R. Gamazon, Noboru J. Sakabe, Carlos Gómez-Marín, Ivy Aneas et al. \\\"Obesity-associated variants within FTO form long-range functional connections with IRX3.\\\" Nature 507, no. 7492 (2014): 371–375. doi:10.1038/nature13138. Gamazon, Eric R., Heather E. Wheeler, Kaanan P. Shah, Sahar V. Mozaffari, Keston Aquino-Michaels, Robert J. Carroll, Anne E. Eyler et al. \\\"A gene-based association method for mapping traits using reference transcriptome data.\\\" Nature Genetics 47, no. 9 (2015): 1091–1098. doi:10.1038/ng.3367. Gamazon, Eric R., Ayellet V. Segrè, Martijn van de Bunt, Xiaoquan Wen, Hualin S. Xi, Farhad Hormozdiari, Halit Ongen et al. \\\"Using an atlas of gene regulation across 44 human tissues to inform complex disease-and trait-associated variation.\\\" Nature Genetics 50, no. 7 (2018): 956–967. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0154-4. Gamazon, Eric R., Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Nancy J. Cox, Damiaan Denys, and Eske M. Derks. \\\"Multi-tissue transcriptome analyses identify genetic mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric traits.\\\" Nature Genetics 51, no. 6 (2019): 933–940. doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0409-8. Wang, Ying, Frederick S. Yen, Xiphias Ge Zhu, Rebecca C. Timson, Ross Weber, Changrui Xing,\",\n \"title\": \"Eric R. Gamazon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6405729\",\n \"text\": \"David Christian Rowe (September 27, 1949 – February 2, 2003) was an American psychologist known for his work studying genetic and environmental influences on adolescent onset behaviors such as delinquency and smoking. His research into interaction between genetics and environment led to the discovery of the Scarr–Rowe effect. Life and career Rowe earned his A.B. from Harvard University and his Ph.D. from the University of Colorado at Boulder, where he was a student at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics. Rowe was well known for his work on the genes and the environment: how they interact, what the limits of environment and genes might be, and what mechanisms implement these effects. He also focussed on articulating the different realms of the social environment: shared in families, unique to individuals, neighbourhood or nation level social and cultural effects. His book The Limits of Family Influence: Genes, Experience and Behaviour brought together much of this work. This work led to several substantive findings on shared and nonshared environmental influences; seminal work on the heritability of parenting behaviors (the genetics of the environment for children); on the heritability of antisocial behavior; race differences and their causes; for testing the interaction of education, and social class with genes in the development of intelligence; and for blending behavioral and molecular genetics. He made several methodological contributions, including work on modeling of means and covariances with raw data, the utility of the DeFries–Fulker analysis, and measured genes and environmental influences. The Add Health data featured in much of his research, and he served as the main geneticist on this large and influential survey of over 90,000 adolescents across the United States. Rowe's work highlighted the often surprising immunity of mental states to social circumstances, reporting that \\\"great fortune does not guarantee happiness; neither does great misfortune assure depression\\\". This led to his positing of biological set points as a mechanism for stability, as well as arguing for indirect genetic effects: that different genotypes would cause different people to react to the same environment in different ways, and, moreover, that individuals expose themselves to different social environments. This led to ideas about active seeking and environment construction, as well the idea that exposure to (controllable) life events may result partly from genetic predisposition. He was an advocate of Consilience: including biological individuality along with social, psychological, and cultural factors in any understanding of human behavior. In 1994 he was one of 52 signatories on \\\"Mainstream Science on Intelligence,\\\" an editorial written by Linda Gottfredson and published in The Wall Street Journal, which declared the consensus of the signing scholars on issues related to intelligence research following the publication of the book The Bell Curve. Rowe's work identified gene-environment interactions in cognitive traits, and contributed to understanding of the Scarr-Rowe Effect, which posits that the heritability of intelligence is higher in children with higher socioeconomic status. His final paper, published posthumously, advocated for impartial testing of genetic versus environmental influences on racial differences. References Books Rowe DC (1995). The\",\n \"title\": \"David C. Rowe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"43270576\",\n \"text\": \"Connectome: How the Brain's Wiring Makes Us Who We Are (2012) is a book by Sebastian Seung. It introduces basic concepts in neuroscience and then elaborates on the field of connectomics, i.e., how to scan, decode, compare, and understand patterns in brain connectivity. The book concludes with musings on cryonics and mind uploading. It was selected by The Wall Street Journal as Top Ten Nonfiction of 2012. Book outline Introduction Seung frames the idea of connectomics and argues that \\\"You are more than your genes. You are your connectome.\\\" Ch. 1: Genius and Madness Seung introduces the 19th-century idea of phrenology and its modern-day counterpart, which he calls \\\"neo-phrenology\\\", i.e., the idea that sizes of brain regions play a role in intelligence (e.g., Einstein's enlarged inferior parietal lobule) or mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and autism). That said, Seung emphasizes that these size correlations only show up for large samples and can't necessarily predict what will happen in any individual's brain. Ch. 2: Border Disputes Seung discusses localization maps of the brain that attempt to confine particular functions to particular regions. For instance, phantom-limb pain is hypothesized to result when brain regions formerly devoted to the now-missing lower arm become occupied for use by the upper arm and face. Hence, stimulation of the upper arm or face produces what feels like pain in the missing lower arm. In contrast to brain localization is the theory of equipotentiality, that any brain region has the potential to perform any function. Ch. 3: No Neuron Is an Island Seung discusses basic cell-level neuroscience, including the structure of neurons and their neurites, as well as a \\\"weighted voting model\\\" of neuronal firing in which a neuron fires when the weighted sum of excitatory minus inhibitory inputs exceeds a threshold. Ch. 4: Neurons All the Way Down Seung explores how hierarchical neural networks can encode concepts (e.g., Jennifer Aniston) as compositions of simpler parts and how these concepts can be linked in one's mind when connections are formed between them, either bidirectionally with cell assemblies or unidirectionally with synaptic chains. Ch. 5: The Assembly of Memories Seung discusses theories of memory formation, including basic Hebbian plasticity and the more speculative neural Darwinism. According to the \\\"dual trace\\\" theory of memory, short-term memory can take the form of persistent spiking among a cell assembly, while long-term memories can be stored in persistent connections. It's useful to have both types of memory because of a \\\"stability-plasticity dilemma\\\", which is a concept familiar in computers that use both RAM and hard drive storage. Ch. 6: The Forestry of the Genes Seung discusses how many psychological traits and disorders are at least partly genetic. (He quotes Eric Turkheimer's First Law of Behavior Genetics: \\\"All human behavioral traits are heritable.\\\") He elaborates on some of the mechanisms by which genes influence neural development and can lead to neural disorders. Ch. 7: Renewing Our Potential To what extent are the first three years of development a crucial window after which brain traits\",\n \"title\": \"Connectome (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15481427\",\n \"text\": \"NX-OS is a network operating system for the Nexus-series Ethernet switches and MDS-series Fibre Channel storage area network switches made by Cisco Systems. It evolved from the Cisco operating system SAN-OS, originally developed for its MDS switches. It is based on Wind River Linux and is inter-operable with other Cisco operating systems. The command-line interface of NX-OS is similar to that of Cisco IOS. Recent NX-OS has both Cisco-style CLI and Bash shell available. On NX-OS 7.0(3)I3, the output from uname with the -a command line argument might look like the text below: $ uname -a Linux version 3.4.91-WR5.0.1.13_standard+ (divvenka@sjc-ads-7035) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Wind River Linux Sourcery CodeBench 4.6-60) ) #1 SMP Tue Feb 6 12:43:13 PST 2018 Core features System Manager () Persistent Storage Service (PSS) Message & Transaction Services (MTS) Additional features Fibre Channel and FICON FCIP FCoE (Nexus 5000/7000 linecards) iSCSI IPsec Scheduling NPIV NX Port ID Virtualization Inter–VSAN Routing VSAN Zoning (Hard zoning) Callhome Cisco Fabric Services (distributed configuration) SSH and Telnet Storage Media Encryption Port Channels Cisco Data Mobility Manager Fibre Channel Write Acceleration Switches running NX-OS Nexus B22 (HP, Dell, Fujitsu) Nexus 9000 series Nexus 7700 series Nexus 7000 series Nexus 6000 series Nexus 5000 series Nexus 4000 (for IBM BladeCenter) Nexus 2000 series Nexus 3000 Nexus 1000V MDS 9700 FC Directors MDS 9500 FC Directors MDS 9250i FC Switch MDS 9222i FC Switch MDS 9100 FC Switches Differences between IOS and NX-OS NX-OS does not support the login command to switch users. NX-OS does not distinguish between standard or extended access lists, all lists are named and \\\"extended\\\" in functionality. NX-OS did not support scp server prior to 5.1(1) release. In NX-OS, there is no \\\"write\\\" command to save the configuration like on IOS (one uses the \\\"copy\\\" command, instead). Instead, command aliases can be created to provide the \\\"write\\\" command. When accessing NX-OS, users authenticate directly to their assigned privilege level. SSH server is enabled while Telnet server is disabled by default in NX-OS. Releases 4.1, 4.2, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 7.0, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1 See also Cisco IOS Cisco IOS XE Cisco IOS XR FTOS – competitor Force10's operating system FTOS References External links Cisco Content Hub Cisco Feature Navigator intro data sheet Proprietary operating systems Network operating systems Cisco software\",\n \"title\": \"Cisco NX-OS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"72177609\",\n \"text\": \"Genes and environment Susceptibility of diabetes in Southeast Asia is influenced by mutations next to or within genes. Most of these genes have complex traits that interact and control multiple systems in the body. The genes are important, but they alone do not influence diabetes in this population. Westernization and globalization in Asia have led to changes in food supply and dietary patterns, coupled with risk alleles in genes of interest. Foods with high glycemic index, such as rice, have contributed to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. These high glycemic foods, coupled with loss of gene function, have led to increase in blood glucose levels in Japanese populations. Researchers have used Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to identify several genetic variants of genes that are found in white and Asian populations; however, they found that there are interethnic differences in risk allele frequency of these genes and the location of those mutations. Epidemiology Age and gender are critical variables to track diabetes within a population overtime. Another very important factor of diabetes development is the environment in which that population lives. Factors like smoking or alcohol consumption has been seen to be prevalent in Japanese populations. For example, smoking was very prominent in Japan in the 1980s where 40% of the population smoked. As of 2020, smoking has declined to around 16% of the population. The more resounding knowledge on the effect of smoking and the link to disease susceptibility has most likely driven this decline. Smoking generally leads to problems because it leads to insulin resistance and/or decrease insulin secretion. Genes involved Many diabetic studies have tried to deduce as to what and how many genes are involved in susceptibility to disease in Japanese populations. Researchers use tools such as GWAS and quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which can be very helpful in determining what mutations are associated with disease in a population. Most of these mutations are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) leading to different variants of a gene, and these mutations can be different or the same across varying populations. If they are the same mutations, a population could have varied allelic frequencies of the gene or genes that lead to that disease. For example, a genetic variation of TCF7L2 in Japanese population influences one's susceptibility to diabetes; however, the at-risk allele frequency in Japanese population accounted for 4% of the population compared to 21% in European and European-origin population. Additional candidate genes with specific risk alleles have also been identified via GWAS that were persistent in European populations; however, there are considerable differences in allelic frequencies between these populations. Genes such as CDKAL1, IGF2BP2, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, HHEX, SLC30A8, and KCNJ11 have shown risk alleles persistent to white populations; however, risk allele frequency has differed. For example, the HHEX locus had an SNP denoted as rs1111875 that was found in 28.4% of the Japanese population compared to 56.1% in white populations. Akyrin1 (ANK1) has also been identified as a novel gene for type 2 diabetes in Japanese\",\n \"title\": \"Diabetes in Japan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155624\",\n \"text\": \"Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population. The concept of heritability can be expressed in the form of the following question: \\\"What is the proportion of the variation in a given trait within a population that is not explained by the environment or random chance?\\\" Other causes of measured variation in a trait are characterized as environmental factors, including observational error. In human studies of heritability these are often apportioned into factors from \\\"shared environment\\\" and \\\"non-shared environment\\\" based on whether they tend to result in persons brought up in the same household being more or less similar to persons who were not. Heritability is estimated by comparing individual phenotypic variation among related individuals in a population, by examining the association between individual phenotype and genotype data, or even by modeling summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Heritability is an important concept in quantitative genetics, particularly in selective breeding and behavior genetics (for instance, twin studies). It is the source of much confusion due to the fact that its technical definition is different from its commonly-understood folk definition. Therefore, its use conveys the incorrect impression that behavioral traits are \\\"inherited\\\" or specifically passed down through the genes. Behavioral geneticists also conduct heritability analyses based on the assumption that genes and environments contribute in a separate, additive manner to behavioral traits. Overview Heritability measures the fraction of phenotype variability that can be attributed to genetic variation. This is not the same as saying that this fraction of an individual phenotype is caused by genetics. For example, it is incorrect to say that since the heritability of personality traits is about 0.6, that means that 60% of your personality is inherited from your parents and 40% comes from the environment. In addition, heritability can change without any genetic change occurring, such as when the environment starts contributing to more variation. As a case in point, consider that both genes and environment have the potential to influence intelligence. Heritability could increase if genetic variation increases, causing individuals to show more phenotypic variation, like showing different levels of intelligence. On the other hand, heritability might also increase if the environmental variation decreases, causing individuals to show less phenotypic variation, like showing more similar levels of intelligence. Heritability increases when genetics are contributing more variation or because non-genetic factors are contributing less variation; what matters is the relative contribution. Heritability is specific to a particular population in a particular environment. High heritability of a trait, consequently, does not necessarily mean that the trait is not very susceptible to environmental influences. Heritability can also change as a result of changes in the environment, migration, inbreeding, or the way in which heritability itself is measured in the population under study. The heritability of a trait should not be interpreted as a measure of the extent to which\",\n \"title\": \"Heritability\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5999830\",\n \"text\": \"Neurturin (NRTN) is a protein that is encoded in humans by the NRTN gene. Neurturin belongs to the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of neurotrophic factors, which regulate the survival and function of neurons. Neurturin’s role as a growth factor places it in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) subfamily along with its homologs persephin, artemin, and GDNF. It shares a 42% similarity in amino acid sequence with mature GDNF. It is also considered a trophic factor and critical in the development and growth of neurons in the brain. Neurotrophic factors like neurturin have been tested in several clinical trial settings for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Parkinson's disease. Function Neurturin is encoded for by the NRTN gene located on chromosome 19 in humans and has been shown to promote potent effects on survival and function of developing and mature midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DA) in vitro. In vivo the direct administration of neurturin into substantia nigra of mice models also shows mature DA neuron protection. In addition, neurturin has also been shown to support the survival of several other neurons including sympathetic and sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. Knockout mice have shown that neurturin does not appear essential for survival. However, evidence shows retarded growth of enteric, sensory and parasympathetic neurons in mice upon the removal of neurturin receptors. Mechanism of activation Neurturin signaling is mediated by the activation of a multi-component receptor system including the ret tyrosine kinase (RET), a cell-surface bound GDNF family receptor-α (GFRα) protein, and a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein. Neurturin preferentially binds to the GFRα2 co-receptor. Upon assembly of the complex, specific tyrosine residues are phosphorylated within two molecules of RET that are brought together to initiate signal transduction and the MAP kinase signaling pathway. Interactions Neurturin has been shown to upregulate B1 (bradykinin) receptors in neurons of mice, indicating a possible influence on pain and inflammation pathways. In addition knockout mice have shown that in the absence of neurturin an increased acetylcholine response is observed. The exact role and function of neurturin in multiple signaling pathways is widely unknown. Role in disease The most studied is neurturin’s role in neurodegenerative disease like Parkinson's disease and Huntington's, where several rat studies have implicated neurturin’s role in rescuing neurons. However, these results have never been observed in humans. Hirschsprung disease, a autosomal dominant genetic disorder, is characterized by complete absence of neuronal ganglion cells from the intestinal tract. Previous studies indicate a role of NRTN gene mutations in the disease. One study showed evidence that a mutation in the NRTN gene was not enough alone to cause onset of the disease, however when coupled with a mutation in the RET gene, disease was present in family members as well as the individual. A more recent study showed NRTN variants present in individuals with Hirschsprung disease. However, RET associated mutations were not found and in one variant, RET phosphorylation levels were reduced, which has the potential to have downstream effects on\",\n \"title\": \"Neurturin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12339\",\n \"text\": \"A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that \\\"does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination\\\". A wide variety of organisms have been genetically modified (GM), including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Genetic modification can include the introduction of new genes or enhancing, altering, or knocking out endogenous genes. In some genetic modifications, genes are transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms. Creating a genetically modified organism is a multi-step process. Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism and combine it with other genetic elements, including a promoter and terminator region and often a selectable marker. A number of techniques are available for inserting the isolated gene into the host genome. Recent advancements using genome editing techniques, notably CRISPR, have made the production of GMOs much simpler. Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch, and the first plant was produced in 1983. In 1994, the Flavr Savr tomato was released, the first commercialized genetically modified food. The first genetically modified animal to be commercialized was the GloFish (2003) and the first genetically modified animal to be approved for food use was the AquAdvantage salmon in 2015. Bacteria are the easiest organisms to engineer and have been used for research, food production, industrial protein purification (including drugs), agriculture, and art. There is potential to use them for environmental purposes or as medicine. Fungi have been engineered with much the same goals. Viruses play an important role as vectors for inserting genetic information into other organisms. This use is especially relevant to human gene therapy. There are proposals to remove the virulent genes from viruses to create vaccines. Plants have been engineered for scientific research, to create new colors in plants, deliver vaccines, and to create enhanced crops. Genetically modified crops are publicly the most controversial GMOs, in spite of having the most human health and environmental benefits. Animals are generally much harder to transform and the vast majority are still at the research stage. Mammals are the best model organisms for humans. Livestock is modified with the intention of improving economically important traits such as growth rate, quality of meat, milk composition, disease resistance, and survival. Genetically modified fish are used for scientific research, as pets, and as a food source. Genetic engineering has been proposed as a way to control mosquitos, a vector for many deadly diseases. Although human gene therapy is still relatively new, it has been used to treat genetic disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency and Leber's congenital amaurosis. Many objections have been raised over the development of GMOs, particularly\",\n \"title\": \"Genetically modified organism\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"59627310\",\n \"text\": \"Hybrid incompatibility is a phenomenon in plants and animals, wherein offspring produced by the mating of two different species or populations have reduced viability and/or are less able to reproduce. Examples of hybrids include mules and ligers from the animal world, and subspecies of the Asian rice crop Oryza sativa from the plant world. Multiple models have been developed to explain this phenomenon. Recent research suggests that the source of this incompatibility is largely genetic, as combinations of genes and alleles prove lethal to the hybrid organism. Incompatibility is not solely influenced by genetics, however, and can be affected by environmental factors such as temperature. The genetic underpinnings of hybrid incompatibility may provide insight into factors responsible for evolutionary divergence between species. Background Hybrid incompatibility occurs when the offspring of two closely related species are not viable or suffer from infertility. Charles Darwin posited that hybrid incompatibility is not a product of natural selection, stating that the phenomenon is an outcome of the hybridizing species diverging, rather than something that is directly acted upon by selective pressures. The underlying causes of the incompatibility can be varied: earlier research focused on things like changes in ploidy in plants. More recent research has taken advantage of improved molecular techniques and has focused on the effects of genes and alleles in the hybrid and its parents. Dobzhansky-Muller model The first major breakthrough in the genetic basis of hybrid incompatibility is the Dobzhansky-Muller model, a combination of findings by Theodosius Dobzhansky and Joseph Muller between 1937 and 1942. The model provides an explanation as to why a negative fitness effect like hybrid incompatibility is not selected against. By hypothesizing that the incompatibility arose from alterations at two or more loci, rather than one, the incompatible alleles are in one hybrid individual for the first time rather than throughout the population - thus, hybrids that are infertile can develop while the parent populations remain viable. The negative fitness effects of infertility are not present in the original population. In this way, hybrid infertility contributes in some part to speciation by ensuring that gene flow between diverging species remains limited. Further analysis of the issue has supported this model, although it does not include conspecific genic interactions, a potential factor that more recent research has begun to look in to. Gene identification Decades after the research of Dobzhansky and Muller, the specifics of hybrid incompatibility were explored by Jerry Coyne and H. Allen Orr. Using introgression techniques to analyze the fertility in Drosophila hybrid and non-hybrid offspring, specific genes that contribute to sterility were identified; a study by Chung-I Wu which expanded on Coyne and Orr's work found that the hybrids of two Drosophila species were made sterile by the interaction of around 100 genes. These studies widened the scope of the Dobzhansky-Muller model, who thought it likely that more than two genes would be responsible. The ubiquity of Drosophila as a model organism has allowed many of the sterility genes to be sequenced in the\",\n \"title\": \"Hybrid incompatibility\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"57414\",\n \"text\": \"Evolutionary developmental biology (informally, evo-devo) is a field of biological research that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer how developmental processes evolved. The field grew from 19th-century beginnings, where embryology faced a mystery: zoologists did not know how embryonic development was controlled at the molecular level. Charles Darwin noted that having similar embryos implied common ancestry, but little progress was made until the 1970s. Then, recombinant DNA technology at last brought embryology together with molecular genetics. A key early discovery was of homeotic genes that regulate development in a wide range of eukaryotes. The field is composed of multiple core evolutionary concepts. One is deep homology, the finding that dissimilar organs such as the eyes of insects, vertebrates and cephalopod molluscs, long thought to have evolved separately, are controlled by similar genes such as pax-6, from the evo-devo gene toolkit. These genes are ancient, being highly conserved among phyla; they generate the patterns in time and space which shape the embryo, and ultimately form the body plan of the organism. Another is that species do not differ much in their structural genes, such as those coding for enzymes; what does differ is the way that gene expression is regulated by the toolkit genes. These genes are reused, unchanged, many times in different parts of the embryo and at different stages of development, forming a complex cascade of control, switching other regulatory genes as well as structural genes on and off in a precise pattern. This multiple pleiotropic reuse explains why these genes are highly conserved, as any change would have many adverse consequences which natural selection would oppose. New morphological features and ultimately new species are produced by variations in the toolkit, either when genes are expressed in a new pattern, or when toolkit genes acquire additional functions. Another possibility is the neo-Lamarckian theory that epigenetic changes are later consolidated at gene level, something that may have been important early in the history of multicellular life. History Early theories Philosophers began to think about how animals acquired form in the womb in classical antiquity. Aristotle asserts in his Physics treatise that according to Empedocles, order \\\"spontaneously\\\" appears in the developing embryo. In his The Parts of Animals treatise, he argues that Empedocles' theory was wrong. In Aristotle's account, Empedocles stated that the vertebral column is divided into vertebrae because, as it happens, the embryo twists about and snaps the column into pieces. Aristotle argues instead that the process has a predefined goal: that the \\\"seed\\\" that develops into the embryo began with an inbuilt \\\"potential\\\" to become specific body parts, such as vertebrae. Further, each sort of animal gives rise to animals of its own kind: humans only have human babies. Recapitulation A recapitulation theory of evolutionary development was proposed by Étienne Serres in 1824–26, echoing the 1808 ideas of Johann Friedrich Meckel. They argued that the embryos of 'higher' animals went through or recapitulated a series of stages, each of which resembled an animal lower down\",\n \"title\": \"Evolutionary developmental biology\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"26828010\",\n \"text\": \"Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-3, also known as Iroquois homeobox protein 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRX3 gene. Discovery and name The Iroquois family of genes was discovered in Drosophila during a mutagenesis experiment designed to identify genes that affected the development of external sensory organs. When genes of this family were knocked out, the Drosophila flies expressed a unique patterning of bristles reminiscent of Iroquois American Indians, they were subsequently named after them. The molecular characteristics of these genes allowed the identification of homologs in C. elegans and several other vertebrates. Function IRX3 is a member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family and plays a role in an early step of neural development. Members of this family appear to play multiple roles during pattern formation of vertebrate embryos. Specifically, IRX3 contributes to pattern formation in the spinal cord where it translates a morphogen gradient into transcriptional events, and is directly regulated by NKX2-2. The Irx3 gene controls the subdivision of the neural territory by working together with various other homeodomain factors, all of these factors are expressed in partially overlapping domains along the dorsoventral axis in response to Sonic hedgehog molecules emanating from the floor plate. The combination of these signals defines five regions, each of which will give rise to five types of neurons (V0, V1, V2, MN, and V3). For example, the region that generates V2 neurons expresses both Irx3 and Nkx6.1, while that which forms MN neurons expresses Nkx6.1 alone. Irx3 overexpression in the MN domain transforms MN into V2 neurons. Clinical significance Association with obesity Obesity-associated noncoding sequences within FTO interact with the promoter of IRX3 and FTO in human, mouse, and zebrafish. Obesity-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms are related to the expression of IRX3 (not FTO) in the human brain. A direct connection between the expression of IRX3 and body mass and composition was shown through the decrease in body weight of 25-30% in IRX3-deficient mice. This suggests that IRX3 influences obesity. Manipulation of IRX3 and IRX5 pathways has also been shown to decrease obesity markers in human cell cultures. Genetic variants of FTO and IRX3 genes are in high linkage disequilibrium and are associated with obesity risk. References Further reading\",\n \"title\": \"IRX3\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16084604\",\n \"text\": \"Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs. The most common and most severe form is systemic lupus erythematosus. Signs and symptoms Symptoms vary from person to person, and may come and go. Almost everyone with lupus has joint pain and swelling. Some develop arthritis. Frequently affected joints are the fingers, hands, wrists, and knees. Other common symptoms include: chest pain during respiration joint pain (stiffness and swelling) painless oral ulcer fatigue weight loss headaches fever with no other cause Skin lesions that appear worse after sun exposure general discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise) hair loss sensitivity to sunlight a \\\"butterfly\\\" facial rash, seen in about half of people with SLE swollen lymph nodes Photosensitivity Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons especially in visible light. Photosensitivity is a known symptom of lupus, but its relationship to and influence on other aspects of the disease remain to be defined. Causes of photosensitivity may include: change in autoantibody location cytotoxicity induction of apoptosis with autoantigens in apoptotic blebs upregulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines induction of nitric oxide synthase expression ultraviolet-generated antigenic DNA Genetics It is typically believed that lupus is influenced by multiple genes. Lupus is usually influenced by gene polymorphisms, 30 of which have now been linked with the disorder. Some of these polymorphisms have been linked very tentatively, however, as the role that they play or the degree to which they influence the disease is unknown. Other genes that are commonly thought to be associated with lupus are those in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) family. There have been several cases wherein a single gene influence appears to be present, but this is rare. When a single gene deficiency does cause lupus, it is usually attributed to the complement protein genes C1, C2, or C4. The influence of sex chromosomes and environmental factors are also noteworthy. Usually, these factors contribute to lupus by influencing the immune system. Several studies also indicate a potential association of lupus with mutations in DNA repair genes. Age difference Lupus can develop in people at any age, but it does most commonly at ages 15 to 44, with varying results. Typically, the manifestation of the disease tends to be more acute in those of younger age. Women are more likely to get it than men. Patients with juvenile-onset lupus are more vulnerable to mucocutaneous manifestations of the disease (alopecia, skin rash, and ulceration of the mucus membranes) than any other age group, and they are also more susceptible to evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure. However, patients with late-onset lupus have a much higher mortality rate. Nearly 50% of those with late-onset lupus die of their condition. Women who are of childbearing age are also particularly at risk. Differences in ethnicity Substantial data have been found to\",\n \"title\": \"Lupus erythematosus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2937259\",\n \"text\": \"In genetics, concordance is the probability that a pair of individuals will both have a certain characteristic (phenotypic trait) given that one of the pair has the characteristic. Concordance can be measured with concordance rates, reflecting the odds of one person having the trait if the other does. Important clinical examples include the chance of offspring having a certain disease if the mother has it, if the father has it, or if both parents have it. Concordance among siblings is similarly of interest: what are the odds of a subsequent offspring having the disease if an older child does? In research, concordance is often discussed in the context of both members of a pair of twins. Twins are concordant when both have or both lack a given trait. The ideal example of concordance is that of identical twins, because the genome is the same, an equivalence that helps in discovering causation via deconfounding, regarding genetic effects versus epigenetic and environmental effects (nature versus nurture). In contrast, discordance occurs when a similar trait is not shared by the persons. Studies of twins have shown that genetic traits of monozygotic twins are fully concordant, whereas in dizygotic twins, half of genetic traits are concordant, while the other half are discordant. Discordant rates that are higher than concordant rates express the influence of the environment on twin traits. Studies A twin study compares the concordance rate of identical twins to that of fraternal twins. This can help suggest whether a disease or a certain trait has a genetic cause. Controversial uses of twin data have looked at concordance rates for homosexuality and intelligence. Other studies have involved looking at the genetic and environmental factors that can lead to increased LDL in women twins. Because identical twins are genetically virtually identical, it follows that a genetic pattern carried by one would very likely also be carried by the other. If a characteristic identified in one twin is caused by a certain gene, then it would also very likely be present in the other twin. Thus, the concordance rate of a given characteristic helps suggest whether or to what extent a characteristic is related to genetics. There are several problems with this assumption: A given genetic pattern may not have 100% penetrance, in which case it may have different phenotypic consequences in genetically identical individuals; Developmental and environmental conditions may be different for genetically identical individuals. If developmental and environmental conditions contribute to the development of the disease or other characteristic, there can be differences in the outcome of genetically identical individuals; The logic is further complicated if the characteristic is polygenic, i.e., caused by differences in more than one gene. Epigenetic effects can alter the genetic expressions in twins through varied factors. The expression of the epigenetic effect is typically weakest when the twins are young and increases as the identical twins grow older. Where in the absence of one or more environmental factors a condition will not develop in an individual, even with\",\n \"title\": \"Concordance (genetics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12536918\",\n \"text\": \"SK3 (small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3) also known as KCa2.3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNN3 gene. SK3 is a small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel partly responsible for the calcium-dependent after hyperpolarisation current (IAHP). It belongs to a family of channels known as small-conductance potassium channels, which consists of three members – SK1, SK2 and SK3 (encoded by the KCNN1, 2 and 3 genes respectively), which share a 60-70% sequence identity. These channels have acquired a number of alternative names, however a NC-IUPHAR has recently achieved consensus on the best names, KCa2.1 (SK1), KCa2.2 (SK2) and KCa2.3 (SK3). Small conductance channels are responsible for the medium and possibly the slow components of the IAHP. Structure KCa2.3 contains 6 transmembrane domains, a pore-forming region, and intracellular N- and C- termini and is readily blocked by apamin. The gene for KCa2.3, KCNN3, is located on chromosome 1q21. Expression KCa2.3 is found in the central nervous system (CNS), muscle, liver, pituitary, prostate, kidney, pancreas and vascular endothelium tissues. KCa2.3 is most abundant in regions of the brain, but has also been found to be expressed in significant levels in many other peripheral tissues, particularly those rich in smooth muscle, including the rectum, corpus cavernosum, colon, small intestine and myometrium. The expression level of KCNN3 is dependent on hormonal regulation, particularly by the sex hormone estrogen. Estrogen not only enhances transcription of the KCNN3 gene, but also affects the activity of KCa2.3 channels on the cell membrane. In GABAergic preoptic area neurons, estrogen enhanced the ability of α1 adrenergic receptors to inhibit KCa2.3 activity, increasing cell excitability. Links between hormonal regulation of sex organ function and KCa2.3 expression have been established. The expression of KCa2.3 in the corpus cavernosum in patients undergoing estrogen treatment as part of gender reassignment surgery was found to be increased up to 5-fold. The influence of estrogen on KCa2.3 has also been established in the hypothalamus, uterine and skeletal muscle. Physiology KCa2.3 channels play a major role in human physiology, particularly in smooth muscle relaxation. The expression level of KCa2.3 channels in the endothelium influences arterial tone by setting arterial smooth muscle membrane potential. The sustained activity of KCa2.3 channels induces a sustained hyperpolarisation of the endothelial cell membrane potential, which is then carried to nearby smooth muscle through gap junctions. Blocking the KCa2.3 channel or suppressing KCa2.3 expression causes a greatly increased tone in resistance arteries, producing an increase in peripheral resistance and blood pressure. Pathology Mutations in KCa2.3 are suspected to be a possible underlying cause for several neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, anorexia nervosa and ataxia as well as myotonic muscular dystrophy. References Further reading Neurochemistry Ion channels\",\n \"title\": \"SK3\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3936412\",\n \"text\": \"Genetic equilibrium is the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool (such as a population) where the frequency does not change from generation to generation. Genetic equilibrium describes a theoretical state that is the basis for determining whether and in what ways populations may deviate from it. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is one theoretical framework for studying genetic equilibrium. It is commonly studied using models that take as their assumptions those of Hardy-Weinberg, meaning: No gene mutations occurring at that locus or the loci associated with the trait A large population size Limited-to-no immigration, emigration, or migration (genetic flow) No natural selection on that locus or trait Random mating (panmixis) It can describe other types of equilibrium as well, especially in modeling contexts. In particular, many models use a variation of the Hardy–Weinberg principle as their basis. Instead of all of the Hardy–Weinberg characters being present, these instead assume a balance between the diversifying effects of genetic drift and the homogenizing effects of migration between populations. A population not at equilibrium suggests that one of the assumptions of the model in question has been violated. Theoretical models of genetic equilibrium The Hardy–Weinberg principle provides the mathematical framework for genetic equilibrium. Genetic equilibrium itself, whether Hardy-Weinberg or otherwise, provides the groundwork for a number of applications, in including population genetics, conservation and evolutionary biology. With the rapid increase in whole genome sequences available as well as the proliferation of anonymous markers, models have been used to extend the initial theory to all manner of biological contexts. Using data from genetic markers such as ISSRs and RAPDs as well as the predictive potential of statistics, studies have developed models to infer what processes drove the lack of equilibrium. This includes local adaptation, range contraction and expansion and lack of gene flow due to geographic or behavioral barriers, although equilibrium modeling has been applied to a wide range of topics and questions. Equilibrium modeling have led to developments in the field. Because allelic dominance can disrupt predictions of equilibrium, some models have moved away from using genetic equilibrium as an assumption. Instead of the traditional F-statistics, they make use of Bayesian estimates. Holsinger et al. developed an analog to FST, called theta. Studies have found Bayesian estimates to be better predictors of the patterns observed. However, genetic equilibrium-based modeling remains a tool in population and conservation genetics-it can provide invaluable information about previous historical processes. Biological study systems Genetic equilibrium has been studied in a number of taxa. Some marine species in particular have been used as study systems. The life history of marine organisms like sea urchins appear to fulfill the requirements of genetic equilibrium modeling better than terrestrial species. They exist in large, panmictic populations that don’t appear to be strongly affected by geographic barriers. In spite of this, some studies have found considerable differentiation across the range of a species. Instead, when looking for genetic equilibrium, studies found large, widespread species complexes. This indicates that genetic equilibrium may be\",\n \"title\": \"Genetic equilibrium\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"32122804\",\n \"text\": \"Menerba, also known as Menopause Formula 101 (MF-101), is a botanical drug candidate that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which is being studied for its potential to relieve hot flashes associated with menopause. Menerba, an estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) agonist (ERBA), is part of a new class of receptor subtype-selective estrogens, which is selective in transcriptional regulation to one of the two known estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes. Menerba consists of 22 herbs that have been used historically in traditional Chinese medicine. Menerba binds to both ERα and ERβ and with equal affinity, but does not activate ERα and instead activates only ERβ-mediated gene transcription. Mode of action Menerba has been reported to alleviate menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, while having no stimulative effects on endometrium or breast tissue. In mouse xenograft models, Menerba produced a different conformation in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) from ERβ when compared with the conformations produced by estradiol. The specific conformational change induced by Menerba allows ERβ to bind to an estrogen response element and recruit coregulatory proteins that are required for gene activation. It has been shown that the increased risk of breast and uterine cancers is associated with ERα activation and that ERβ blocks the growth promoting effects on breast cancer cells. Menerba does not activate the ERα-regulated proliferative genes, c-myc and cyclin D1, or stimulate MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation or tumor formation, demonstrating that it may be a viable alternative for hormone therapy in comparison to estrogens that non-selectively activate both ER subtypes. In 2007, Menerba completed a multi-center Phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial evaluating its potential for the treatment of hot flashes in 217 healthy post-menopausal women in the U.S. The principal investigator of the trial was Dr. Deborah Grady from the University of California, San Francisco. Menerba showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of hot flashes after 12 weeks of treatment and had a statistically significant reduction in nighttime awakenings from hot flashes (-67%, p=0.05). There was no difference in uterine bleeding between treatment groups and placebo, and no uterine abnormalities were observed during the study. The only side effect observed was mild loose stools (12% in treatment group vs. 3% in the placebo group). Further studies have shown that most active estrogenic compound in Menerba is liquiritigenin, derived from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis Fisch, one of the 22 botanically derived ingredients found in Menerba. In a mouse xenograft model, liquiritigenin activated multiple ER regulatory elements and native target genes with ERβ but not ERα. The ERβ-selectivity of liquiritigenin was due to the selective recruitment of the coactivator steroid receptor coactivator-2 to target genes. Liquiritigenin did not stimulate uterine size or tumorigenesis of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate that some plants contain highly selective estrogens for ERβ and are as selective as synthetic compounds, but regulate different genes. (PLOs 1 – July 17) and suggests that plant-derived ERb-selective compounds could lead to safer, more attractive alternative therapies for menopausal\",\n \"title\": \"Menerba\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"25207\",\n \"text\": \"QuakeC is a compiled language developed in 1996 by John Carmack of id Software to program parts of the video game Quake. Using QuakeC, a programmer is able to customize Quake to great extents by adding weapons, changing game logic and physics, and programming complex scenarios. It can be used to control many aspects of the game itself, such as parts of the AI, triggers, or changes in the level. The Quake engine was the only game engine to use QuakeC. Following engines used DLL game modules for customization written in C, and C++ from id Tech 4 on. Overview The QuakeC source to the original id Software Quake game logic was published in 1996 and used as the basis for modifications like capture the flag and others. QuakeC source code is compiled using a tool called qcc into a bytecode kept in a file called . The programmers of Quake modifications could then publish their bytecode without revealing their source code. Most Quake mods were published this way. QuakeC allowed the Quake engine to dominate the direction of the first-person shooter genre. Thanks to Carmack's idea of extending video game life by adding unlimited expandability (extensibility already played a big role in Doom), an enormous Internet community of gamers and programmers alike has arisen and many modern multiplayer games are extensible in some form. QuakeC is known as interpreted because as Quake runs, it is continually interpreting the progs.dat file. Limitations and subsequent solutions The syntax of QuakeC is based on that of the C programming language, explaining its name, but it does not support the implementation of new types, structures, arrays, or any kind of referencing other than the \\\"entity\\\" type (which is always a reference). QuakeC also suffers from the fact that many built-in functions (functions prototyped in the QuakeC code but actually defined within the game engine and written in C) return strings in a temporary string buffer, which can only hold one string at any given time. In other words, a construct such as SomeFunction (ftos (num1), ftos (num2)); will fail because the second call to ftos (which converts a floating-point value to a string) overwrites the string returned by the first call before SomeFunction can do something with it. QuakeC does not contain any string handling functions or file handling functions, which were simply not needed by the original game. Most video games at the time had their game logic written in plain C/C++ and compiled into the executable, which is faster. However, this makes it harder for the community to create mods and it makes the process of porting the game to another platform (such as Linux) more costly. Despite its advantages, the choice of implementing game logic using a custom scripting language and interpreter was dropped from the next generation Quake II engine in favor of compiled C code due to the overall inflexibility of QuakeC, the increasingly complex game logic, the performance to be gained by packaging game logic into a\",\n \"title\": \"QuakeC\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"980365\",\n \"text\": \"In biology, a ring species is a connected series of neighbouring populations, each of which interbreeds with closely sited related populations, but for which there exist at least two \\\"end populations\\\" in the series, which are too distantly related to interbreed, though there is a potential gene flow between each \\\"linked\\\" population and the next. Such non-breeding, though genetically connected, \\\"end populations\\\" may co-exist in the same region (sympatry) thus closing a \\\"ring\\\". The German term , meaning a circle of races, is also used. Ring species represent speciation and have been cited as evidence of evolution. They illustrate what happens over time as populations genetically diverge, specifically because they represent, in living populations, what normally happens over time between long-deceased ancestor populations and living populations, in which the intermediates have become extinct. The evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins remarks that ring species \\\"are only showing us in the spatial dimension something that must always happen in the time dimension\\\". Formally, the issue is that interfertility (ability to interbreed) is not a transitive relation; if A breeds with B, and B breeds with C, it does not mean that A breeds with C, and therefore does not define an equivalence relation. A ring species is a species with a counterexample to the transitivity of interbreeding. However, it is unclear whether any of the examples of ring species cited by scientists actually permit gene flow from end to end, with many being debated and contested. History The classic ring species is the Larus gull. In 1925 Jonathan Dwight found the genus to form a chain of varieties around the Arctic Circle. However, doubts have arisen as to whether this represents an actual ring species. In 1938, Claud Buchanan Ticehurst argued that the greenish warbler had spread from Nepal around the Tibetan Plateau, while adapting to each new environment, meeting again in Siberia where the ends no longer interbreed. These and other discoveries led Mayr to first formulate a theory on ring species in his 1942 study Systematics and the Origin of Species. Also in the 1940s, Robert C. Stebbins described the Ensatina salamanders around the Californian Central Valley as a ring species; but again, some authors such as Jerry Coyne consider this classification incorrect. Finally in 2012, the first example of a ring species in plants was found in a spurge, forming a ring around the Caribbean Sea. Speciation The biologist Ernst Mayr championed the concept of ring species, stating that it unequivocally demonstrated the process of speciation. A ring species is an alternative model to allopatric speciation, \\\"illustrating how new species can arise through 'circular overlap', without interruption of gene flow through intervening populations…\\\" However, Jerry Coyne and H. Allen Orr point out that rings species more closely model parapatric speciation. Ring species often attract the interests of evolutionary biologists, systematists, and researchers of speciation leading to both thought provoking ideas and confusion concerning their definition. Contemporary scholars recognize that examples in nature have proved rare due to various factors such\",\n \"title\": \"Ring species\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"421835\",\n \"text\": \"Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) is a designation for non-United States-based organizations deemed by the United States Secretary of State, in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (INA), to be involved in what US authorities define as terrorist activities. Most of the organizations on the list are Islamist extremist groups; the rest are nationalist/separatist groups, or Marxist militant groups. The Department of State, along with the United States Department of the Treasury, also has the authority to designate individuals and entities as subject to counter-terrorism sanctions according to Executive Order 13224. The Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) maintains a separate list of such individuals and entities. Identification of candidates The Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism (CT) of the United States Department of State continually monitors the activities of groups active around the world to identify targets for the \\\"terrorist\\\" designation. When reviewing potential targets, S/CT looks at the actual attacks that a group has carried out, as well as whether the group has engaged in planning and preparations for possible future acts of violence or retains the capability and intent to carry out such acts. Designation process Once a target is identified, the Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism prepares a detailed \\\"administrative record\\\", which is a compilation of information, typically including both classified and open sources information, demonstrating that the statutory criteria for designation have been satisfied. If the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury, decides to make the designation, the United States Congress is notified of the Secretary's intent to designate the organization and given seven days to review the designation, as the INA requires. Upon the expiration of the seven-day waiting period, notice of the designation is published in the Federal Register, at which point the designation takes effect. An organization designated as an FTO may seek judicial review of the designation in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit not later than 30 days after the designation is published in the Federal Register. Under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, the FTO may file a petition for revocation two years after the designation date (or in the case of redesignated FTOs, its most recent redesignation date) or two years after the determination date on its most recent petition for revocation. In order to provide a basis for revocation, the petitioning FTO must provide evidence that the circumstances forming the basis for the designation are sufficiently different as to warrant revocation. If no such review has been conducted during a five-year period with respect to a designation, then the Secretary of State is required to review the designation to determine whether revocation would be appropriate. The procedural requirements for designating an organization as an FTO also apply to any redesignation of that organization. The Secretary of State may revoke a designation or redesignation at any time upon a finding that the circumstances\",\n \"title\": \"United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19412643\",\n \"text\": \"Owned and founded by Fernando González Sanchez, Aerofan FTO is an approved Flight Training Organisation, operating from Madrid Cuatro Vientos Airport, Spain. Aerofan FTO currently operates one Cessna 152, one Cessna 172 and one Cessna 310 multi-engine aircraft. The flying school is approved for private and commercial pilot training. Flight attendant courses are also available. History Aerofan was founded in 1992 operating just one Cessna 152 for private pilot courses. Between 2002 and 2007 the flying school experienced several years of solid growth, largely due to its high percentage of non-Spanish students. During these years Aerofan FTO was one of the leading pilot schools in Spain focused on international flight training. In 2009 owner Fernando González launched IMD Airways. For a period of two years IMD operated an MD87 in wet-lease operations. Since the launching of IMD, Aerofan FTO saw no further expansion or growth. Since 2011 Aerofan has seen a significant fleet reduction and now operates only three aircraft. Its other aircraft have all been sold, or scrapped. IMD Airways operations have ceased. Aerofan however continues to operate. Fleet The Aerofan fleet includes the following aircraft (as of 11 January 2012) : FTO 1 Cessna 152 3 Cessna 172 1 Cessna 172RG 1 Cessna 310 1 Piper Seneca Airline 1 MD-87 External links Aerofan Aerofan Fleet Airlines of Spain\",\n \"title\": \"Aerofan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"694295\",\n \"text\": \"A chocoholic is a person who craves or compulsively consumes chocolate. The word \\\"chocoholic\\\" was first used in 1961, according to Merriam-Webster. It is a portmanteau of \\\"chocolate\\\" and \\\"alcoholic\\\". The term is used loosely or humorously to describe a person who is inordinately fond of chocolate; however, there is medical evidence to support the existence of actual addiction to chocolate. Psychoactive constituents of chocolate that trigger a ‘feel-good’ reaction for the consumer include tryptophan and phenylethylamine, which may contribute to cravings and addiction-like responses, particularly in people with specific genetic alleles. The quantity of sugars used in chocolate confections also impacts the psychoactive effects of chocolate. Although the concept of a chocolate addiction is still controversial in the medical literature, chocolate (especially dark chocolate) is considered to have effects on mood, and chocolate confectioneries almost always top the list of foods people say they crave. The craving can be so strong in some cases that chocoholics may experience withdrawal symptoms if the craving is not fulfilled. Addiction There are two factors that contribute to the addictive nature of chocolate. The first is the pharmacological ingredients, and the second is the additives. The essential components of addiction are intense craving for something and a loss of control over its use. Academic research has shown that people can exhibit both of these components in relation to food, particularly food that contains sugar or fat. Since chocolate contains both, it is often used in studies of food addiction. Criticism A study in the journal Nutrients has shown that despite some evidence that this type of addiction exists, there is no formal diagnosis given in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). It is known that chocolate consumption does not activate the shell of the nucleus accumbens, as seen in those with substance use disorders. Genetics A study published in the journal Cell Metabolism proved a correlation between the FGF21 gene and a liking for sweet foods. Other research has upheld one of the variants of the FGF21 gene were 20% more likely to crave sugary foods. The FGF21 gene also moderates appetite and controls insulin resistance. The FGF21 gene is also known to be associated with the sweet tooth. It is also known that there is an association between the FTO gene and intake of sugar and caffeine. The FTO gene works to regulate the body's energy usage. Some variants of the FTO gene play a major role in the connectivity in the reward circuit of the meso-striato prefrontal regions, which act to process information and focus one's attention, and are linked to disorders such as addiction. Studies have found that the presence of chromosome 16 can uphold genetic variations that influence the intake of sweet foods, such as chocolate. The dopamine receptor D2 is also linked to addictive behaviours such as substance use disorders. Addiction may occur when there is a deficit in the number of dopamine 2 receptors, which gives one the ability to experience pleasure.\",\n \"title\": \"Chocoholic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"57342942\",\n \"text\": \"Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by persistent hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and thought disorder. These experiences are evident in multiple sensory modalities and include deviation in all facets of thought, cognition, and emotion. Compared to other psychological disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), schizophrenia has significantly higher heritability. Schizophrenia has been found to present cross-culturally, and it almost always has 0.1% prevalence in a given population, although some studies have cast doubts on this. It has been hypothesized that schizophrenia is unique to human beings and has existed for a long time. Schizophrenia has raised a perplexing question for evolutionary psychologists and anthropologists. Why has such a debilitating disorder persisted for so long, with such frequency? This paradox has been referred to as the schizophrenia enigma, and many evolutionary models have been created to explain it. Evolutionary approaches reflect on how human genes can change over time. Under evolutionary pressures, certain phenotypes are favored, and this selection influences the frequency of genes that control these phenotypes. Evolutionary approaches have been used to try to explain the schizophrenia enigma. Widely accepted views see schizophrenia as either a disadvantageous byproduct of human evolution or an evolutionarily beneficial adaptation. Main explanations There are several evolutionary theories related to schizophrenia spanning time from when Homo erectus gained control of fire onward to the modern day. The first theory related to schizophrenia is Byproduct theories, which are a specific type of theory put forward by various scientists. These theories portray the disorder as a consequence of other, separate evolutionary changes. One anthropologist putting forward this theory, Crow, states that schizophrenia is a result from incomplete hemispheric specialization due to selection of genes relating to language. While another scientist, Burns, follows that schizophrenia is related to modified cortical connectivity which is vital for the development of the 'social brain. Finally Horrobin argues that ancient mutations are what developed linguistic, creative and shamanic ability which in turn can potentially cause deficits in lipid metabolism or as it is termed in modern times Schizophrenia. Another evolutionary theory which connects with the development of modern-day schizophrenia are Balance theories which hypothesizes that schizophrenia's negative aspects are balanced by benefits. These benefits yield valued personality traits or yet again shamanism a desired and mystic ability of the past. Though an evolutionary theory in its own, analysis of balance theory does not show this route as a possibility. Folklore accounts mention wise fools and clever madmen but do not connect such a characteristic to motifs combining psychosis and creativity, aspects believed to be borne from schizophrenia. A third theory relating to schizophrenia is group selection theory which describes 'psychosis' alleles provide advantages to groups, outweighing any disadvantages. This theory then goes further and states that as a result of this grouping, humans that have specific genes replaced groups that lacked those genes. Additionally, this theory uses elements based on byproduct theories and balance theories. Environmental change theories also rely on schizophrenia-type alleles providing more benefits to\",\n \"title\": \"Evolutionary approaches to schizophrenia\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["obesity in humans"],"string":"[\n \"obesity in humans\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":46,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_45985"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"where was harry potter and the goblet of fire filmed"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"670407","text":"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 fantasy film directed by David Yates from a screenplay by Michael Goldenberg, based on the 2003 novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling. It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) and the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. Its story follows Harry's fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort's return. Filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006, with a one-month break in June. Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects. The film's budget was reportedly between £75 and 100 million ($150–200 million). Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix was released in 2D cinemas and IMAX formats in the United States on 11 July 2007 and in the United Kingdom on 12 July, by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and was nominated for many awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design and Special Visual Effects. With a worldwide five-day opening of $333 million and a total gross of $942 million, making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2007, the film was noted as a case of Hollywood accounting, as Warner Bros. claimed that it lost $167 million despite the total gross. A sequel, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, was released in 2009. Plot While staying at the Dursleys', Harry Potter and Dudley are attacked by Dementors. Harry repels them using a Patronus spell. The Ministry of Magic detects the underaged Harry using magic and expels him from Hogwarts, though he is later exonerated. The Order of the Phoenix, a secret organisation founded by Albus Dumbledore, informs Harry that the Ministry of Magic is attempting to stonewall rumors about Lord Voldemort's return. At the Order's headquarters, Harry's godfather, Sirius Black, mentions that Voldemort seeks an object he previously lacked; Harry believes it to be a weapon. Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge has appointed Dolores Umbridge as Hogwarts new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor. Umbridge's refusal to teach defensive spells causes her and Harry to clash. Harry is forced to write lines for \"lying\" about Voldemort. A magic quill etches the words into his hand as he writes. Ron and Hermione are outraged, but Harry refuses to tell Dumbledore, who has distanced himself from Harry. As Umbridge gains more control over the school, Ron and Hermione help Harry form \"Dumbledore's Army\", a secret group to teach students defensive spells. Umbridge recruits Slytherins for an Inquisitorial Squad to spy on the other students. Meanwhile, Harry and Cho Chang develop romantic feelings for each other. One night, Harry envisions Arthur Weasley being attacked","title":"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"670407\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 fantasy film directed by David Yates from a screenplay by Michael Goldenberg, based on the 2003 novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling. It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) and the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. Its story follows Harry's fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort's return. Filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006, with a one-month break in June. Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects. The film's budget was reportedly between £75 and 100 million ($150–200 million). Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix was released in 2D cinemas and IMAX formats in the United States on 11 July 2007 and in the United Kingdom on 12 July, by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and was nominated for many awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design and Special Visual Effects. With a worldwide five-day opening of $333 million and a total gross of $942 million, making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2007, the film was noted as a case of Hollywood accounting, as Warner Bros. claimed that it lost $167 million despite the total gross. A sequel, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, was released in 2009. Plot While staying at the Dursleys', Harry Potter and Dudley are attacked by Dementors. Harry repels them using a Patronus spell. The Ministry of Magic detects the underaged Harry using magic and expels him from Hogwarts, though he is later exonerated. The Order of the Phoenix, a secret organisation founded by Albus Dumbledore, informs Harry that the Ministry of Magic is attempting to stonewall rumors about Lord Voldemort's return. At the Order's headquarters, Harry's godfather, Sirius Black, mentions that Voldemort seeks an object he previously lacked; Harry believes it to be a weapon. Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge has appointed Dolores Umbridge as Hogwarts new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor. Umbridge's refusal to teach defensive spells causes her and Harry to clash. Harry is forced to write lines for \\\"lying\\\" about Voldemort. A magic quill etches the words into his hand as he writes. Ron and Hermione are outraged, but Harry refuses to tell Dumbledore, who has distanced himself from Harry. As Umbridge gains more control over the school, Ron and Hermione help Harry form \\\"Dumbledore's Army\\\", a secret group to teach students defensive spells. Umbridge recruits Slytherins for an Inquisitorial Squad to spy on the other students. Meanwhile, Harry and Cho Chang develop romantic feelings for each other. One night, Harry envisions Arthur Weasley being attacked\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"27211268","text":"Natalie Hallam (born 7 April 1972) is a British actress. She has worked as an actress in film and TV since 2002. Parts include five of the eight of the Harry Potter films. Life Natalie Hallam was born in Nottingham, England to Paul Hallam and Glynis Cook. Natalie wished to be an actress from an early age. First of all acquiring a place at the Central School of Speech and Drama in 1991 and giving up the place due to grant problems. She finally attended the London Method School (Now London Method Studio) in 2002. Parts include New Tricks, Beautiful People, Extras, EastEnders and parts in five of the eight of the Harry Potter films. Filmography The Four Feathers as High Class Lady (2002) The Gathering Storm as 40's Cinema woman (2002) Wheeling Dealing as Javelin Thrower (2004) Stage Beauty as Auditioning Actress (2004) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as Wizard Teacher (2005) Perfect Parents as Catholic School Nun (2006) Extras as When the Whistle Blows Floor Manager (TV episodes, 2006–2007) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix as Wizard Teacher (2007) Son of Rambow as Mary's Mother Flashback (2007) The Dark Knight as Ferry Passenger (2008) Love Soup as Security guard (TV episode, 2008) The Day of the Triffids as Blind Woman (TV episode, 2009) References External links http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1900568/ Living people 1972 births Actresses from Nottingham English film actresses English television actresses","title":"Natalie Hallam"},{"docid":"33564800","text":"Alessio Puccio (born 1 June 1986) is an Italian voice actor. Biography Puccio often contributes to voicing characters in cartoons, anime, movies and other content. He is well known for providing the voice of the protagonist Harry Potter in the Italian-language version of the Harry Potter film series. He also provides the voice of the secondary character Jeremy Johnson in the Italian-language version of the Disney Channel animated series Phineas and Ferb. He is also the current voice of Gumball Watterson in the Italian-language version of The Amazing World of Gumball. He works at Pumaisdue, Sefit – CDC and other dubbing studios in Italy. Dubbing roles Animation Jeremy Johnson in Phineas and Ferb Jeremy-2 in Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension Sota Higurashi in InuYasha ApeTrully in Hero: 108 Sho Yamato in Idaten Jump Ryan in The Wild Doowee McAdam in Sally Bollywood: Super Detective Pierre in The Wonderful World of Puss 'n Boots (2004 dub) Tina Belcher in Bob's Burgers Gumball Watterson in The Amazing World of Gumball Rivalz Cardemonde in Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion Jacobo Jacobo in The Replacements Zephyr in The Hunchback of Notre Dame II Kicker in Transformers: Energon Roger Radcliffe in The Life and Times of Juniper Lee Pongdybory in Noonbory and the Super Seven Jordan Greenway in Inazuma Eleven Bald Man in ChalkZone Live action Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Peter Pan in Peter Pan Oliver Oken in Hannah Montana Cisco Ramon in The Flash Blane Whittaker in M.I. High Dale Turner in Jericho (2006 TV series) Alan King in Jake & Blake George Zinavoy in The Art of Getting By Bobby Carter in The Hills Have Eyes (2006 film) George Little in Stuart Little Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace Jeremy Gilbert in The Vampire Diaries Benjy Fleming in Monk (TV series) Eric van der Woodsen in Gossip Girl Clyde in Mean Creek Martin in Let the Right One In Rory Joseph Hennessy in 8 Simple Rules Michael Richard Kyle, Jr. in My Wife and Kids Mark in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody Thom in Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist Mowgli in Mowgli: The New Adventures of the Jungle Book Calvin in I Dream Teddy in The Hangover Part II Wilder Guiliver Atticus Wilder in The Latest Buzz Mark Woods in Daddio David in A.I. Artificial Intelligence Forrest Gump, Jr. in Forrest Gump Ron Stieger in Ein Fall für B.A.R.Z. Co-King Brady King of Kinkow in Pair of Kings Artie Abrams in Glee","title":"Alessio Puccio"},{"docid":"654022","text":"Matthew David Lewis (born 27 June 1989) is an English actor. He is best known for his role as Neville Longbottom in the Harry Potter film series. Born in Leeds, Lewis made his acting debut in Some Kind of Life (1995), guest-starring on dramas for ITV and BBC One before appearing in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001). Lewis played the role for ten years, concluding with the final film, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011), for which he received critical praise. Following the series, Lewis had a recurring role in The Syndicate and performed his first theatre role in Our Boys at the Duchess Theatre in 2012. Lewis starred in The Rise (2012) which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival to positive reviews and made appearances on BBC dramas Bluestone 42 and Death in Paradise in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Lewis had a supporting role in Me Before You (2016), which became a box office success. He was cast in the crime dramas Ripper Street and Happy Valley before starring on the ITV drama Girlfriends in 2018. Lewis appeared in Terminal (2018), which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival as well as Baby Done (2020). In 2020-2021, Lewis starred in Channel 5 television series All Creatures Great and Small to critical praise. Early life Matthew David Lewis was born on 27 June 1989 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, to Adrian Lewis and Lynda Needham. He was raised in the nearby town of Horsforth. He has two older brothers: Chris, a film editor, and Anthony, an actor. He was educated at St Mary's Menston Catholic Voluntary Academy. Career 1995–2000: Beginnings Lewis has been acting since age five. He made his professional debut in television film Some Kind of Life (1995), directed by Kay Mellor. He guest-starred in the BBC One crime drama Dalziel and Pascoe before appearing in ITV series' Heartbeat and Where the Heart Is in 1999 and 2000, respectively. 2001–2011: Harry Potter and recognition In 1999, castings were held across the UK for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the film adaptation of British author J. K. Rowling's novel. Lewis, a fan of the series, initially attended an open audition at the Queens Hotel, Leeds, before being contacted two months later to perform a screen test for director Chris Columbus, eventually earning the role of Neville Longbottom. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released in 2001 and became a critical and commercial hit. For the role, Lewis wore a set of false teeth, shoes two sizes too big, a fat suit and ear prosthetics. He reprised his role a year later in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets; Lewis has stated that his favorite lines stem from the film. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) both premiered to critical acclaim. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix was released in 2007. During filming, co-star Helena Bonham Carter accidentally","title":"Matthew Lewis (actor)"},{"docid":"42451885","text":"Charley Henley is a visual effects supervisor. He was nominated at the 85th Academy Awards for his work on the film Prometheus, in the category of Best Visual Effects. He shared his nomination with Martin Hill, Richard Stammers and Trevor Wood. He was also nominated at the 96th Academy Awards for his work on the film Napoleon, in the category of Best Visual Effects. He shared his nomination with Luc-Ewen Martin-Fenouillet, Simone Coco, and Neil Corbould. He is the son of the actor Drewe Henley and actress Felicity Kendal. Selected filmography Gladiator (2000) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) A Knights Tale (2001) Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Alien vs. Predator (2004) Ella Enchanted (2004) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) X-Men: The Last Stand (2006) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008) The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010) Prometheus (2012) Total Recall (2012) 300: Rise of an Empire (2014) Cinderella (2015) Napoleon (2023) References External links Living people Special effects people Year of birth missing (living people)","title":"Charley Henley"},{"docid":"1811977","text":"5972 Olton Hall is a preserved Great Western Railway Hall class locomotive made famous for its role hauling the Hogwarts Express in the Harry Potter film series. History Service Built in April 1937 at Swindon Works for the Great Western Railway (GWR), No. 5972 was first allocated to Carmarthen, South Wales where it remained until 1951. After being fitted with a three row superheater at Swindon Works, it was allocated to Plymouth Laira. Its last shed allocation was to Cardiff East Dock, before it was withdrawn in December 1963, and sold to Woodham Brothers, Barry for scrap in May 1964. Preservation Woodham Brothers sold the locomotive to David Smith and it moved to Horbury railway works in Wakefield in May 1981. In 1994, it moved to Carnforth MPD for restoration, being steamed for the first time in 1998. Harry Potter film series In the Harry Potter films, the locomotive is depicted pulling the Hogwarts Express, a fictional train, made up of four (later five) British Rail Mark 1 carriages. Scenes were filmed at King's Cross railway station, the Glenfinnan Viaduct and the North Yorkshire Moors Railway — along with internal scenes on board the train. When filmed, Olton Hall carried a \"Hogwarts Express\" headboard on the smokebox, featuring the Hogwarts school crest. The same emblem is featured as part of the \"Hogwarts Railways\" sigil on the tender and carriages. It retained its GWR number of 5972, but with alternative nameplates fitted, naming the engine Hogwarts Castle. It is painted in a crimson livery — a non-standard colour, as GWR locomotives traditionally used green. Olton Hall was not the first locomotive to be re-liveried to appear hauling the Hogwarts Express. To promote the fourth Harry Potter book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Southern Railway West Country Class locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was temporarily repainted and renamed. However, it was rejected by film director Chris Columbus as looking \"too modern\" for the film, but it carried the name and colour for some months afterwards. The renaming as \"...Castle\" has become a railway preservation joke: \"...the Hall that thinks it's a Castle.\" The Great Western Railway Castle Class engines were larger, faster locomotives designed for prestigious express passenger duties; whereas the Halls were a mixed-traffic design. Three full-size replicas of the locomotive as No. 5972 Hogwarts Castle are at The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort). Two are used as part of the Hogwarts Express train ride and the other is a static exhibit in the Hogsmeade area. There are also static models at the other Wizarding World of Harry Potter locations in Hollywood and Japan. In 2015, the locomotive was put on static display at Warner Bros. Studio Tour London - The Making of Harry Potter, near Watford, and will be displayed there until Warner Bros' lease on the locomotive from West Coast Railways expires. Non-Hogwarts work No. 5972 is sometimes used for work other than its \"Hogwarts\" duties. In May 2009, it was moved temporarily to the","title":"GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall"},{"docid":"2298654","text":"Afshan Noor Azad-Kazi (née Azad; born 12 February, 1988) is a British actress, model, and media personality. She is best known for playing the role of Padma Patil in the Harry Potter film series, beginning in 2005 with Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Early life and education Azad was born in Longsight, Manchester to Bangladeshi parents from Chittagong. She attended Whalley Range High School, and took AS-levels in chemistry, biology, English and business studies at Xaverian College in Rusholme. She went on to graduate with a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism and Design from the University of Salford. Career Azad is known for her performances as Padma Patil in five of the Harry Potter films, starting with 2005's Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. She acquired the role when casting agents visited her school and, after having attended several auditions, chose her for the part. Azad had stated that she had auditioned \"just for the fun of it\" and surprisingly got the part. In 2017, Azad guest presented an episode of the CBBC series Marrying Mum & Dad with Ed Petrie whilst Naomi Wilkinson was away. Advocacy In October 2023, Azad signed an open letter by Artists4Ceasefire to Joe Biden, President of the United States, of artists calling for a ceasefire of the Israeli bombardment of Gaza. Personal life Azad married Nabil Kazi on 19 August 2018. They are based in Worcester. On 11 April 2021, the couple announced they were expecting their first child. In July 2021, Azad revealed in an Instagram post that she has given birth to her first child, a baby girl. In April 2024, she announced she was pregnant with the couple's second child. Assault court case When she was 22, Azad's father Abdul and brother Ashraf attacked her because she had a boyfriend who was Hindu. On 29 June 2010, Abdul and Ashraf Azad appeared in Manchester Magistrates' Court, charged with threatening to kill her. They were released on bail. Azad's brother was charged with \"assault occasioning actual bodily harm\", whilst Azad stayed with friends in London. On 20 December 2010, Azad did not attend court when the prosecution accepted her brother's guilty plea to assault occasioning actual bodily harm and a judge ruled both men were not guilty of threatening to kill Azad. On 21 January 2011, Azad's brother was imprisoned for six months. Filmography Film Video games Music videos See also British Bangladeshi List of British Bangladeshis List of Harry Potter cast members References External links Living people 1989 births 21st-century English actresses Actresses from Manchester Alumni of the University of Salford British actresses of Asian descent British Internet celebrities English child actresses English female models English film actresses English Muslims English people of Bangladeshi descent People from Longsight People from Chittagong Models from Manchester","title":"Afshan Azad"},{"docid":"2298823","text":"Predrag Bjelac (; born 30 June 1962) is a Serbian actor. He portrayed Igor Karkaroff in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Lord Donnon in The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian. He is a graduate of the Belgrade University's Faculty of Dramatic Art, class of 1986, and studied at The Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute (1988) in New York City. Filmography Film Šest dana juna (1985) - Petar Destroying Angel (1987) - Otto Poslednja priča (1987, TV Movie) - Vlada The Fall of Rock and Roll (1989) Čudna noć (1990) Stand by (1991) - Veliki Harrison's Flowers (2000) - Doctor in Vukovar The Final Victim (2003) - Simons Eurotrip (2004) - Italian Guy at Vatican Kad porastem biću kengur (2004) - Baron Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - Igor Karkaroff Amor Fati (2005, Short) - Branko The Omen (2006) - Vatican Observatory Priest Ro(c)k podvraťáků (2006) - Chřestýš The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2007) - Lord Donnon Ať žijí rytíři! (2009) - Ahmed (Movie cut) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) - Igor Karkaroff (uncredited; appears in flashback) Kao rani mraz (2010) - Stari Nikola (2010) - Vlado Petrovic Czech-Made Man (2011) - Noha AS PIK (2012) Artiljero (2012) - Gane Ironclad: Battle for Blood (2014) - Maddog Horseplay (2014) - Gypsy King Child 44 (2015) - Basurov Gangster Ka (2015) - Dardan DxM (2015) - Mosca Winnetou & Old Shatterhand (2016) - Tangua Winnetou - Der letzte Kampf (2016) - Tangua Intrigo: Dear Agnes (2019) - Caretaker Atatürk 1881-1919 (2023) - Otto Liman von Sanders Television Warriors (1999) - Naser Zec The Immortal: Deja vu (2001) - Petr Children of Dune (2003) - Namri Spooks (a.k.a. MI-5) (2007) - Edik Kuznetzov The Fixer (2008) - Tarek Sokoli Dobrá čtvrť (2008) - Dragan The Courier 2.0 (2008) - Valentine Ať žijí rytíři! (2010) - Ahmed 4-teens (2011) - Uncle Dragan Borgia (2011-2014) - Francesco Piccolomini Cirkus Bukowsky (2013-2014) - Luka Coltello Případy 1. oddělení (2014) - Abikal Genius (2017) - Milos Maric Killing Eve (2020) - Grigoriy References External links 1962 births Living people Male actors from Belgrade Serbian male film actors American people of Serbian descent University of Belgrade Faculty of Dramatic Arts alumni 20th-century Serbian male actors 21st-century Serbian male actors Serbian male television actors","title":"Predrag Bjelac"},{"docid":"6131993","text":"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) was released on 15 November 2005. The film's score was composed by Patrick Doyle, conducted by James Shearman, recorded at Air Lyndhurst Studios and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra with orchestrations provided by Doyle, Shearman, Lawrence Ashmore, John Bell, Brad Dechter, Nicole Nevin and James McWilliam. The score included three main new themes: one representing the Triwizard Tournament, one representing Lord Voldemort, and one representing Harry Potter's crush on Cho Chang. Doyle incorporated an ominous reprise of Hedwig's Theme into the score. A prominent minor theme is presented in \"The Death of Cedric\". The soundtrack entered the Billboard 200 at position eighty for the Week Ending 3 December, and also charted at four on the Top Soundtracks Chart. Songs 22-24 are the songs playing during the Yule Ball scene when The Weird Sisters band came out and played. The Yule Ball theme (\"Potter Waltz\") is derived from Symphony No. 3 by Samuel Wesley. Track listing All tracks performed and composed by Patrick Doyle except where noted. References External links 2000s film soundtrack albums 2005 soundtrack albums Fantasy film soundtracks 04 Patrick Doyle soundtracks","title":"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"4856645","text":"Roger James Edward Pratt, BSC (born 27 February 1947) is a British cinematographer. Biography The son of an Anglican priest, Pratt attended Loughborough Grammar School and then undertook a gap year with Voluntary Service Overseas in Mali. He enrolled at Durham University in 1966, where he graduated from the General Arts programme in 1969. After Durham, Pratt returned down south to study at the London Film School. Pratt first met Terry Gilliam, one of his most frequent collaborators, while he was working on the set of Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) as a clapper loader. Pratt has been the director of photography for more than 35 films, including Batman (1989), Frankenstein (1994), 102 Dalmatians (2000), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002), Troy (2004), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), Inkheart (2008) and The Karate Kid (2010). Other than Gilliam, his most recurring partnerships were with Roger Christian and Richard Attenborough. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work in The End of the Affair. Filmography Short film Feature film Television TV movie TV series Awards and nominations References External links Living people British cinematographers 1947 births Alumni of the London Film School Alumni of St John's College, Durham","title":"Roger Pratt (cinematographer)"},{"docid":"23044568","text":"Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4 is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. The game is based on the Lego Harry Potter toy line, and its storyline covers the first four books by J.K. Rowling and its film adaptations in the Harry Potter film series: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004), and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). The game was released in June 2010 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS, and PlayStation Portable, Android in November 2010, OS X in January 2011, iOS in September 2016, PlayStation 4 in October 2016, and for Nintendo Switch and Xbox One in October 2018 as part of the Lego Harry Potter Collection, which bundles the game with its sequel, Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7. Gameplay Lego Harry Potters gameplay is similar to that of most previous Lego video games, with an emphasis on collecting, exploring, and solving puzzles. Casting spells is an integral part of the gameplay, with a wide range of spells available for unlocking as the player progresses. As there are many spells available in the game, the player can use the spell wheel to select the spell. Potion-making is another integral feature; potions can help the player complete levels or, if created incorrectly, have adverse side effects such as turning the player into a frog. Changes to the mechanics of previous games include 'Student in Peril' missions, which are a group of challenges to help a student, and Polyjuice Potion, which allows players to temporarily change one of the player's characters into any other mini-figure unlocked. A major change is to the hub system. Diagon Alley serves as a hub for purchasing unlockable extras, The Leaky Cauldron works as a hub for returning to previous levels, while Hogwarts acts as a constantly evolving massive hub with the unlockable characters found by picking up their hidden portraits. The bigger areas in Hogwarts have led developer Traveller's Tales to improve the overall level design. Also included is another bonus level that allows players to customize the level similar to Lego Indiana Jones 2: The Adventure Continues. If the player is lost in-game, they can follow a trail of Ghost Studs to the next level. These do not count towards the stud total, but will guide the player to the next section of the level. However one of the collectible 'red bricks', found in the courtyard next to Herbology, gets the player an 'extra' that makes the ghost studs worth 1,000 each. The central hub is Diagon Alley and its entrance through the Leaky Cauldron. Players can access a room at the second floor of the building to watch cutscenes from the game, as well as using a notice board with pictures from where the player can play completed levels again. Diagon Alley serves as a series of stores where the player","title":"Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4"},{"docid":"41667744","text":"Tim Webber is a Welsh visual effects supervisor and is chief creative officer at visual effects studio Framestore. He is known for his work on Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), Children of Men (2006), and Gravity (2013), for which he received an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 86th Academy Awards. Education Webber was educated at St Catherine's College, Oxford, graduating in Physics in 1987. Career In 1988, Webber joined the British visual effects company Framestore, based near Oxford Street in London. He led the company's push into Digital Film and Television, developing Framestore’s virtual camera and motion rig systems. He has been the visual effects supervisor in some of the most technically and artistically challenging projects, including, Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight (2008), James Cameron's Avatar (2009), and Louis Leterrier's Clash of the Titans (2010). He was Warner Brothers’ VFX supervisor on Alfonso Cuarón's space epic, Gravity (2013), with the techniques involved in the film realized by Webber and the Framestore team, taking three years to complete. David Heyman, co-producer of Gravity, hired Webber to oversee the film's visual effects work. For his work on Gravity, he won both the BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects at the 67th British Academy Film Awards, and an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 86th Academy Awards. In 2014, Webber was awarded the Royal Photographic Society Progress medal and Honorary Fellowship, which is awarded in recognition of any invention, research, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an important advance in the scientific or technological development of photography or imaging in the widest sense. In 2023, Webber released his directorial and writing debut, in the form of sci-fi short film FLITE. Starring Alba Baptista, FLITE is set in a semi-submerged London of 2053 and brought some of the techniques first explored on the film Gravity into the present day. Using state of the art virtual production techniques, FLITE also tested FUSE - Framestore Unreal Shot Engine - which puts Epic Games Unreal Engine, and all the benefits of real-time, at the heart of a VFX pipeline. FLITE has won several awards including Best Genre at HollyShorts Film Festival 2023, Best Animation at The Soho London Independent Film Festival 2024 and Best Post Production and Best Score at Ignite Film Festival 2023. FLITE is available to watch on YouTube. Selected filmography Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) The Dark Knight (2008) Avatar (2009) Children of Men (2006) Gravity (2013) References External links Special effects people Living people Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners Best Visual Effects BAFTA Award winners Welsh film people Alumni of St Catherine's College, Oxford Year of birth missing (living people) Primetime Emmy Award winners","title":"Tim Webber"},{"docid":"7629286","text":"Harry Potter is a film series based on the eponymous novels by British author J. K. Rowling. The series is produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). A spin-off prequel series started with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise. The series was mainly produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, and Emma Watson as the three leading characters: Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger. Four directors worked on the series: Chris Columbus, Alfonso Cuarón, Mike Newell, and David Yates. Michael Goldenberg wrote the screenplay for Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007), while the remaining films' screenplays were written by Steve Kloves. Production took place over ten years, with the main story arc following Harry's quest to overcome his arch-enemy Lord Voldemort. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the seventh and final novel in the series, was adapted into two feature-length parts. Part 1 was released in November 2010, and Part 2 was released in July 2011. Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time—at 18th-highest, grossing over $1 billion. It is the fourth-highest-grossing film series, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts. Origins In late 1997, film producer David Heyman's London offices received a copy of the first book in what would become Rowling's series of seven Harry Potter novels. The book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was relegated to a low-priority bookshelf, where it was discovered by a secretary who read it and gave it to Heyman with a positive review. Consequently, Heyman, who had originally disliked \"the rubbish title\", read the book himself. Highly impressed by Rowling's work, he began the process that led to one of the most successful cinematic franchises of all time. Heyman's enthusiasm led to Rowling's 1999 sale of the film rights for the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million (US$2,000,000). A demand Rowling made was that the principal cast be kept strictly British and Irish wherever possible, such as Richard Harris as Dumbledore, allowing nonetheless for casting of French and Eastern European actors in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire where characters from the book are specified as such. Rowling was hesitant to sell the rights because she \"didn't want to give them control over the rest of the story\" by selling the rights to the characters, which would have enabled Warner Bros. to make non-author-written sequels. Although Steven Spielberg initially negotiated to direct the first film, he declined the offer. Spielberg contended that, in his opinion, there was every expectation of profit in making the film. He claims that making money would have been like \"shooting ducks in a barrel. It's just a slam dunk. It's just like withdrawing a billion","title":"Harry Potter (film series)"},{"docid":"21053503","text":"is a Japanese actor and voice actor from Hyōgo Prefecture. He is represented by Himawari Theatre Group. He was the official Japanese voice dub-over artist for actor: Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley in the Harry Potter film series and for Daryl Sabara. Filmography TV Drama Hoshi ni Negai wo (NHK: 1998) Shin Ude ni Oboeari (NHK: 1998) Suki to Isshin Tasuke (NHK: 1999, 2000) Ichigen no Koto (NHK: 2000) Kowai Nichiyōbi (NTV: 2000) Oyaji. (TBS: 2000) Hikon Kazoku (Fuji-TV: 2001) Nemurenu Yoru wo Daite (TV Asahi: 2002) Anime Cyborg 009: The Cyborg Soldier (Pal) OVA Return to Neverland (Cubby) Back to the Conscience (Pinocchio) Video games Kingdom Hearts (Pinocchio, Flounder) Dubbing Live-action A.I. Artificial Intelligence (David (Haley Joel Osment)) Butterfly (Moncho) Cherrybomb (Malachy) The Cider House Rules (Homer Wells) The Cat in the Hat (Conrad) Don't Look Under the Bed (Darwin McCausland) Driving Lessons (Ben Marshall) Harry Potter Series as Ron Weasley (Rupert Grint) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Home Alone 4 (Kevin McCallister) The Kid (Rusty Duritz) Life Is Beautiful (Joshua) The Mummy Returns (Alex) Pearl Harbor (Danny as a child) The Santa Clause 2 (Curtis) Spy Kids (Juni Cortez (Daryl Sabara)) Spy Kids 2: Island of Lost Dreams (Juni Cortez (Daryl Sabara)) Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (Juni Cortez (Daryl Sabara)) Spy Kids 4-D (Juni Cortez) Thunderpants (Alan A. Allen) Wild Target (Tony) Animation Dragon Tales (Enrique) Return to Never Land (Cubby) Japanese Voice-Over Dragon Tales (Enrique) Pinocchio's Daring Journey (Pinocchio) Peter Pan's Flight (Cubby) CM Touyou Suisan References External links 1991 births Living people Japanese male child actors Japanese male video game actors Japanese male voice actors Male voice actors from Hyōgo Prefecture","title":"Yūki Tokiwa"},{"docid":"27828864","text":"Gabrielle Pietermann (born September 2, 1987 in Munich) is a German voice actress and Audiobook-Narrator. She is most famous for being the German dub-over artist of actresses Emma Watson, Selena Gomez, Anna Kendrick, Danielle Campbell, Meaghan Jette Martin, Emilia Clarke and for the German Voice as Tinker Bell for Mae Whitman. And in 2017 an audiobook publisher named der Hörverlag released a Novelization of Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) read by Gabrielle Pietermann (). Notable voice roles Emma Watson: as Hermione Granger (Hermine Granger) in: 2001: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Harry Potter und der Stein der Weisen) 2002: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Harry Potter und die Kammer des Schreckens) 2004: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Harry Potter und der Gefangene von Askaban) 2005: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Harry Potter und der Feuerkelch) 2007: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Harry Potter und der Orden des Phönix) 2009: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Harry Potter und der Halbblutprinz) 2010: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (Harry Potter und die Heligtümer des Todes - Teil 1) 2011: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (Harry Potter und die Heiligtümer des Todes - Teil 2] 2007: as Pauline in: Ballet Shoes (Ballet Shoes) 2011: as Lucy in My Week with Marilyn (My Week with Marilyn) 2012: as Sam in The Perks of Being a Wallflower (Vielleicht lieber Morgen) 2013: as Emma Watson in This Is the End (Das ist das Ende) 2013: as Nicki The Bling Ring (The Bling Ring) 2017: as Belle in Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) - German: Die Schöne und das Biest (German singing voice: Julia Milena Scheeser) Selena Gomez: as Alex Russo in: 2007-2012: Wizards of Waverly Place (Die Zauberer vom Waverly Place) 2009: Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie (Die Zauberer vom Waverly Place - Der Film) 2013: The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex (Die Rückkehr der Zauberer vom Waverly Place) 2009: as Carter in Princess Protection Program (Prinzessinen Schutzprogramm) 2009: as Selena Gomez in Sonny With a Chance (Sonny Munroe) 2009: as Selena Gomez in Studio Disney Channel - Almost Live (Studio Disney Channel - Beinah Live) 2010: as Beezus in Ramona and Beezus (Schwesterherzen - Ramonas wilde Welt) 2011: as Grace/Cordelia in Monte Carlo (Plötzlich Star) 2012: as Faith in Spring Breakers (Spring Breakers) 2013: as The Kid in Getaway (Getaway) Anna Kendrick: as Jessica Stanley in: 2008: Twilight (Twilight - Bis(s) zum Morgengrauen) 2009: The Twilight Saga: New Moon (New Moon - Bis(s) zur Mittagsstunde) 2010: The Twilight Saga: Eclipse(Eclipse - Bis(s) zum Abendrot) Meaghan Jette Martin: as Tess Tyler in: 2008: Camp Rock (Camp Rock) 2010: Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam) 2011: as Bianca Stratford in 10 Things I Hate About You (10 Dinge die ich an dir hasse) Danielle Campbell: 2010: as Jessica Olson in StarStruck (StarStruck - Der Star der mich liebte) 2010: as","title":"Gabrielle Pietermann"},{"docid":"17426709","text":"The following is a list of films that were filmed wholly or partially in Oxford, England (often featuring the University of Oxford): Accident (1967) The Italian Job (1969) Heaven's Gate - Harvard commencement sequences shot in New College Lane, the Sheldonian Theatre and at Mansfield College in 1980. Another Country (1984) Oxford Blues (1984) Young Sherlock Holmes (1984) A Fish Called Wanda (1988) Howards End (1992) Shadowlands (1993) The Madness of King George (1994) True Blue (1996) The Saint (1997) Wilde (1997) The Red Violin (1998) Saving Private Ryan (1998) Mohabbatein (2000) (Bollywood film) 102 Dalmatians (2000) Quills (2000) Iris (2001) Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) Bhagam Bhag (2006) (Bollywood film) Blue Blood (2006) The History Boys (2006) The Golden Compass (2007) Salaam-e-Ishq (2007) (Bollywood film) Brideshead Revisited (2008) I Can't Think Straight (2008) The Oxford Murders (2008) An Education (2009) Alice in Wonderland (2010) Robinson in Ruins (2010) X-Men: First Class (2011) Desi Boyz (2011) Belle (2013) The Riot Club (2014) Doctor Strange (2016) Transformers: The Last Knight (2017) The Mummy (2017) Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018) Tolkien (2019) Saltburn (2023) References Oxford-related lists","title":"List of films shot in Oxford"},{"docid":"69746253","text":"Joanne Rowling, known by her pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British author and philanthropist. She has won numerous accolades for her Harry Potter book series, including general literature prizes, honours in children's literature and speculative fiction awards. The series has garnered multiple British Book Awards, beginning with the Children's Book of the Year in 1997 and 1998 for the first two volumes, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. In 2000 the third novel, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, was nominated for an adult award – the Whitbread Book of the Year – where it competed against a book by a Nobel prize laureate (Seamus Heaney's translation of Beowulf. The award body gave Rowling the children's prize instead (worth half the cash amount); some scholars view this as exposing a literary prejudice against children's books. Next followed the World Science Fiction Convention's 2001 Hugo Award for the fourth book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and the British Book Awards' adult prize – the 2006 Book of the Year – for the sixth novel, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Rowling's early career awards include the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to children's literature in 2000, and three years later, the Spanish Prince of Asturias Award for Concord. She won the British Book Awards' Author of the Year and Outstanding Achievement prizes over the span of the Harry Potter series. Following the series' completion, Time named Rowling a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year, citing the social, moral and political inspiration she gave the Harry Potter fandom. Two years later, she was recognised as a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur by French President Nicolas Sarkozy; leading magazine editors then named her the \"Most Influential Woman in the UK\" the following October. Later awards include the Freedom of the City of London in 2012 and for her services to literature and philanthropy, the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in 2017. Academic bodies have bestowed multiple honours on Rowling. She has received honorary degrees from the University of Aberdeen; the University of St Andrews; Dartmouth College; the University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh Napier University; the University of Exeter (which she attended) and Harvard University. Rowling spoke at Harvard's 2008 commencement ceremony; the same year, she also won University College Dublin's James Joyce Award. Her other honours include fellowship of the Royal Society of Literature (FRSL), the Royal Society of Edinburgh (HonFRSE) and the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCPE). Rowling's awards for film, theatre and crime fiction include the 2011 British Academy Film Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema for the Harry Potter film series, the 2017 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play for Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, and the 2021 British Book Awards' Crime and Thriller category for the fifth volume of her Cormoran Strike series. Literature General literature Speculative fiction Crime fiction Film and theatre Career awards","title":"List of awards and nominations received by J. K. Rowling"},{"docid":"558402","text":"Roger Anthony Lloyd-Pack (8 February 1944 – 16 January 2014) was an English actor. He is best known for playing Trigger in Only Fools and Horses from 1981 to 2003, and Owen Newitt in The Vicar of Dibley from 1994 to 2007. He later starred as Tom in The Old Guys with Clive Swift. He is also well known for the role of Barty Crouch Sr. in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and for his appearances in Doctor Who as John Lumic in the episodes \"Rise of the Cybermen\" and \"The Age of Steel\". He was sometimes credited without the hyphen in his surname. He died in 2014 from pancreatic cancer. Early life Lloyd-Pack was born in Islington, London, the son of actor Charles Lloyd-Pack (1902–1983) and Ulrike Elisabeth (née Pulay, 1921–2000), an Austrian Jewish refugee who worked as a travel agent. His uncle was George Pulay, one of the secret listeners to German POW in Trent Park during World War II. He attended Bedales School near Petersfield in Hampshire, where he achieved A Level passes in English, French and Latin. He subsequently trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), graduating in 1965 with an Acting (RADA Diploma). Career Lloyd-Pack began his acting career at Northampton's Royal Theatre, making his stage debut in the Thomas Dekker play The Shoemaker's Holiday. He featured on an episode of The Professionals (Long Shot 1978) as a terrorist hitman. Only Fools and Horses On British television, he was best known for portraying \"Trigger\", Del Boy's slow-witted “Village idiot” friend in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses, from 1981 to 2003. Lloyd-Pack was cast by pure chance: an Only Fools and Horses executive producer, Ray Butt, hired him to portray Trigger after seeing him in a stage play, and had only attended that play to observe potential Del Boy actor Billy Murray. Later career He was also known for his role in The Vicar of Dibley as Owen Newitt and to international audiences his greatest fame was as Barty Crouch, Sr. in the film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. In addition, he had a semi-regular role during the 1990s as the plumber Jake \"The Klingon\" Klinger, Ben Porter's arch-rival, in the sitcom 2 point 4 children. In 2005, he appeared in the second series of ITV's Doc Martin as a farmer who held a grudge against Doctor Ellingham for what he believed was the malpractice-related death of his wife. In 2006, he played John Lumic and provided the voice of the Cyber-Controller in two episodes of Doctor Who, \"Rise of the Cybermen\" and \"The Age of Steel\", opposite David Tennant, who had played his son in the same Harry Potter film. Lloyd-Pack's final TV appearance was in Law & Order: UK as Alex Greene. He voiced the pre-match build-up montage video shown ahead of all Tottenham Hotspur's home matches which is still played today. In June 2008, he appeared as a guest on the BBC's The Politics Show,","title":"Roger Lloyd-Pack"},{"docid":"34873573","text":"Afshin Zinouri (; born April 23, 1976) is an Iranian voice actor who is known for Persian voice-dubbing foreign films and TV programs. He was born in Tehran. He is known for dubbing over Elijah Wood's role as Frodo Baggins from The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and has also dubbed over some of Leonardo DiCaprio and Matt Damon's voice roles in films they starred in. He is also an actor and television host. Dubbing In Movies Live action films We're No Angels – Jim (Sean Penn) Good Will Hunting – Will Hunting (Matt Damon) Gladiator – Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) The Lord of the Rings film trilogy – Frodo Baggins (Elijah Wood) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban – Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire – Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix – Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) The Bourne Supremacy – Jason Bourne (Matt Damon) The Man in the Iron Mask (1998 film) – Philippe/King Louis XIV (Leonardo DiCaprio) Blood Diamond – Daniel \"Danny\" Archer (Leonardo DiCaprio) The Departed – William \"Billy\" Costigan Jr. (Leonardo DiCaprio) Live action television All Saints Lost – Boone Carlyle (Ian Somerhalder) Emperor of the Sea The Kingdom of The Winds – Prince Dojin (Park Gun Hyung) References External links Afshin Zinouri's page on Iran-Dubbing (Persian) Afshin Zinouri at Namava 1976 births Living people Male actors from Tehran Iranian male film actors Iranian male voice actors Iranian male television actors Islamic Azad University alumni Iranian radio and television presenters","title":"Afshin Zinouri"},{"docid":"34624641","text":"This is a list of child actors from the Republic of Ireland. Films and/or television series they appeared in are mentioned only if they were under the age of eighteen at the time of filming. Current child actors (under age eighteen) are indicated by boldface. B Emma Bolger (born 1996) In America (2002) Intermission (2003) Heidi (2005) Sarah Bolger (born 1991) In America (2002) Tara Road (2005) Stormbreaker (2006) The Spiderwick Chronicles (2007) The Tudors (2008) The Fence (2009) E Elizabeth Rebecca Edwin (c. 1771–1854), made her stage debut at age eight in Dublin. F Ciarán Fitzgerald (born 1983) Into the West (1992) Screen Two (1 episode, 1994) The Hanging Gale (1995) Nothing Personal (1995) Some Mother's Son (1996) The Last of the High Kings (1996) The Canterville Ghost (1996) The Informant (1997) The Boxer (1997) Seeing Things (short film, 1997) The General (1998) Gregg Fitzgerald (born 1978) War of the Buttons (1994) G Jack Gleeson (born 1992) Batman Begins (2005) Shrooms (2007) A Shine of Rainbows (2009) L Evanna Lynch (born 1991) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) M Devon Murray (born 1988) This Is My Father (1998) Angela's Ashes (1999) Yesterday's Children (2000) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) P Susie Power (born 2003) Fair City (2015–2017) Little Roy (2015–2017) A Date for Mad Mary (2016) R Saoirse Ronan (born 1994) Atonement (2007) I Could Never Be Your Woman (2007) Death Defying Acts (2008) City of Ember (2008) The Lovely Bones (2009) Hanna (2011) V Sophie Vavasseur (born 1992) Evelyn (2002) Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004) Northanger Abbey (2007) Becoming Jane (2007) The Old Curiosity Shop (2007) Exorcismus (2010) W Alisha Weir (born 2009) Don't Leave Home (2018) Day Out (short film, 2018) Darklands (5 episodes, 2019) Two by Two: Overboard! (voice, 2020) Fia's Fairies (voice, 2022) Matilda the Musical (2022) Wicked Little Letters (2023) Abigail (2024) List Ireland","title":"List of Irish child actors"},{"docid":"4400426","text":"HP4 or variant, may refer to: HP4, a postcode for Berkhamsted, see HP postcode area hP4, a Pearson symbol Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the fourth Harry Potter novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film), the fourth Harry Potter film Handley Page Type D a.k.a. H.P.4, an airplane HP-4, a glider designed by Richard Schreder HP4, a type of photographic stock, see Ilford HP HP4, a version of the BMW S1000RR produced between 2013 and 2014. See also HP (disambiguation)","title":"HP4"},{"docid":"36673746","text":"James Shearman is an English conductor, orchestrator, and composer. He is perhaps best known for his contributions to film scores including those for Gosford Park, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Manchester by the Sea and numerous others. He has collaborated frequently with composer, Patrick Doyle. In addition to his conducting and orchestration, Shearman is also a songwriter, having co-written the title track from Charlotte Church's 2000 album, Dream a Dream (among other songs). He regularly conducts orchestras, including the London Symphony Orchestra, Philharmonia Orchestra, Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Qatar Philharmonic Orchestra. Early life and education Shearman was born and grew up in England. He attended the Royal Academy of Music where he was one of four students in the four-year BMus Commercial Music degree program, studying composition and conducting. In his last year of study at the academy, Shearman was commissioned to compose an original piece to honor film composer, John Williams. The composition (\"Metropolis — A Tribute to John Williams\") was premiered in June 1996 during the British and American Film Music Festival at the Royal Academy of Music with Williams in attendance. Shearman was made a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music in 2015. Career Soon after his graduation from the Royal Academy of Music, Shearman began providing orchestrations to film scores. He first collaborated with composer Patrick Doyle on the 1998 film Great Expectations. This led to Shearman providing orchestrations and arrangements for Doyle on another 1998 film, Quest for Camelot. This partnership eventually resulted in Shearman becoming Doyle's principal orchestrator and conductor. He has gone on to provide conducting, orchestration, and/or arrangements for Doyle's scores for Thor, Rise of the Planet of the Apes, Brave, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Cinderella, and numerous others. In 2012, Shearman arranged the Brave orchestral suite for a Pixar in Concert event. In 2015, he conducted a series of concerts across Europe and the United States with Doyle entitled Shakespeare in Concert. Over the course of his career, Shearman has also collaborated with numerous other composers including, Lesley Barber (Mansfield Park, Manchester by the Sea), Mark Isham (In The Valley of Elah, Reservation Road), Stephen Warbeck (Shakespeare in Love), Paul Cantelon (The Other Boleyn Girl), Jan A. P. Kaczmarek (Lost Souls), Alan Menken (Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin), and Hans Zimmer (Pearl Harbor). He has also conducted a variety of orchestras both through his work with film scores and through live concerts. He made his concert conducting debut in 2004 with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, leading a concert of A.R. Rahman compositions. In March 2014, he conducted the Ulster Orchestra for the first time with The Music of Patrick Doyle from the Films of Sir Kenneth Branagh. He made his Royal Festival Hall conducting debut with The Philharmonia Orchestra in October 2014. He has also conducted the London Symphony Orchestra, the Hollywood Studio Symphony, the Qatar Philharmonic Orchestra (at the 2017 Qatar British Festival), and numerous others.","title":"James Shearman"},{"docid":"64562002","text":"Bellatrix Lestrange () is a fictional character in the Harry Potter book series written by J. K. Rowling. She evolved from an unnamed peripheral character in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire into a major antagonist in subsequent novels. In the final installment of the story, Rowling established her as Lord Voldemort's \"last, best lieutenant\". Bellatrix was the first female Death Eater introduced in the books. Bellatrix had a fanatic obsession with the Dark Lord although she was clearly fearful of his magical abilities and absolute power over his forces. She is almost as sadistic and homicidal as Lord Voldemort, with a psychotic personality. She is portrayed by Helena Bonham Carter in the last four Harry Potter films, from Order of the Phoenix (2007) to Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). Name Her given name derives from Latin as the feminine form of the noun \"warrior\". Like many members of the Black family, Bellatrix is named after a celestial body or astronomic structure, in this case one of the brightest stars in the constellation Orion. Bellatrix's name has been translated into other languages in a variety of ways. Many of the changes accentuate the evil nature of her character, such as the Dutch \"Bellatrix van Detta\". Character background Bellatrix Black was born to Cygnus and Druella (Rosier) Black in 1951. Bellatrix is related by blood and marriage to many characters in the novels (although in the fifth book it is specified that all pure-blood families are related to each other): she has two younger sisters, Narcissa and Andromeda, and is first cousin to Sirius. She married Rodolphus Lestrange after leaving Hogwarts \"because it was expected of her\" to marry a pure-blood. However, Rowling stated in an interview that Bellatrix truly loved Voldemort. Andromeda married a Muggle-born, Ted Tonks, and was subsequently disowned by the Blacks, whereas Narcissa, conversely, married Lucius Malfoy, heir of a wealthy pure-blood family; thus, Bellatrix is the aunt of both Nymphadora Tonks and Draco Malfoy. At Hogwarts, she, along with her sisters, was sorted into Slytherin. It is suggested in the novels that, as a student, Bellatrix associated with a group of students – including Rodolphus Lestrange, Severus Snape, Avery, Evan Rosier and Wilkes – who nearly all became Death Eaters. It is assumed Bellatrix was at least initially drawn to Lord Voldemort because they both believe in an ideology that favors pure-blood wizards and witches over other members of the community. This elitism, shared by the Malfoy and Lestrange clans, was instilled in Bellatrix since childhood. The Black family motto, toujours pur (French for \"always pure\"), reflects this steadfast belief in blood purity. Bellatrix, her husband, and her brother-in-law, were active Death Eaters during Voldemort's rise to power, and evaded capture and suspicion until after the Dark Lord's downfall. Appearances Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire In this book, Rowling used Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve as a plot device to reveal that Bellatrix, rather than deserting her leader like many other Death Eaters, was","title":"Bellatrix Lestrange"},{"docid":"23743992","text":"Mary Selway (14 March 1936 – 21 April 2004) was an English casting director. Life Selway was born in Norwich in 1936, daughter of a cinema manager and impresario. At the age of 13 she enrolled at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in London to study acting. By 19 she had decided not to become an actress, and went to work as a production assistant at ITV before starting to work in casting, first under Miriam Brickman and then, from 1969, under Lindsay Anderson at the Royal Court Theatre in London. By the age of 34 she had started casting films, which she continued for the rest of her life. Career Selway worked with a number of renowned directors over three decades, including Steven Spielberg, Roman Polanski, Clint Eastwood, John Boorman, Sydney Pollack, Robert Altman, Michael Apted, Nicolas Roeg, Fred Schepisi, Fred Zinnemann and Ridley Scott. She was responsible for the casting of 104 films and gained a reputation for fairness, determination, charm, wisdom and irreverence. Selway was always seeking new acting talent, watching films from all over the world and attending fringe theatre performances. She was also a tireless champion of new actors she discovered and nurtured. Unusually, she would stay in touch with the cast throughout the shooting process. In the 2001 BAFTA Awards she won the Michael Balcon Award for outstanding British contribution to cinema. A biographical documentary entitled A Cast of Thousands: The Life of Mary Selway is being produced in celebration of her life. It is directed by Isabelle Gregson, who explained that it aims \"in its own small way to give those who didn't have the pleasure of knowing her, a taste for her enormous contribution to Cinema through the eyes and words of those who knew and loved her.\" The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Orange Rising Star Award for the best young actor is dedicated to the memory of Mary Selway. Selway's death in 2004 is acknowledged by a memorium at the end credits of the movie Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Films (selection) She directed the casting of many well-known films, including: Alien (1979) Outland (1981) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) Trail of the Pink Panther (1982) Return of the Jedi (1983) Curse of the Pink Panther (1983) Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) Top Secret! (1984) Aliens (1986) Withnail and I (1987) Gorillas in the Mist (1988) The Russia House (1990) King Ralph (1991) First Knight (1995) The Ghost and the Darkness (1996) Lost in Space (1998) Notting Hill (1999) Captain Corelli's Mandolin (2001) Enigma (2001) Gosford Park (2001) K-19: The Widowmaker (2002) The Sleeping Dictionary (2003) Love Actually (2003) Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) The Chronicles of Riddick (2004) Thunderbirds (2004) Enduring Love (2004) Vanity Fair (2004) The Libertine (2004) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) Personal life Selway was married to the actor Norman Rodway in January 1966. The couple parted","title":"Mary Selway"},{"docid":"40602047","text":"Shefali Chowdhury (born 20 June 1988) is a British actress best known for playing the role of Parvati Patil in the fourth, fifth, and sixth films in the Harry Potter film series. Career Chowdhury is known for her performances as Parvati Patil in three of the Harry Potter films, starting with 2005's Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. She acquired the role when she was in her last year at the Waverley School in Birmingham. She and Afshan Azad, who played the character of Chowdhury's twin sister Padma Patil, are also good friends, according to Azad. Filmography See also British Bangladeshi List of British Bangladeshis List of Harry Potter cast members References External links I Am The Doorway Rowney Brothers Site 1988 births Living people 21st-century British actresses Actresses from Birmingham, West Midlands Alumni of Birmingham City University British child actresses British film actresses British people of Bangladeshi descent People from Denbigh People from Sylhet Division 21st-century English women 21st-century English people","title":"Shefali Chowdhury"},{"docid":"5166221","text":"Norman Stuart Craig (born 14 April 1942) is a noted British production designer. He has also designed the sets, together with his frequent collaborator set decorator, the late Stephenie McMillan, on all of the Harry Potter films to date. Life and career At Potter author J. K. Rowling's request, he worked with Universal Creative team to design the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal's Islands of Adventure theme park. Rowling said in a December 2007 interview on the Potter podcast PotterCast, \"The key thing for me was that, if there was to be a theme park, that Stuart Craig … would be involved. … More than involved, that he would pretty much design it. Because I love the look of the films; they really mirror what’s been in my imagination for all these years\". He has been nominated for eleven Academy Awards, and has won three: in 1982 for Gandhi, in 1988 for Dangerous Liaisons, and in 1996 for The English Patient. He has been nominated for a BAFTA award sixteen times, including for the first six and last Potter films, and has won three times: in 1980 for The Elephant Man, in 2005 for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and in 2016 for Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Stuart Craig has been nominated for a BAFTA Award for six films in a row, namely the first six Harry Potter films. For his work on The English Patient, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2, Craig was nominated for an Art Directors Guild award and won the same for The English Patient and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2. The Guild has also honored Craig with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the awards ceremony on 16 February 2008. Filmography As art director A Bridge Too Far (1977) Superman (1978) As production designer Awards and nominations Academy Awards British Academy Film Awards References External links 1942 births Living people Best Art Direction Academy Award winners Best Production Design BAFTA Award winners British film designers Officers of the Order of the British Empire Alumni of Norwich University of the Arts","title":"Stuart Craig"},{"docid":"3063165","text":"The music of the Harry Potter film series was recorded and released in conjunction with the post-production and releases of each of the eight corresponding films. The scores were composed by John Williams, Patrick Doyle, Nicholas Hooper, and Alexandre Desplat. Though Williams only scored the first three films, several motifs that he created have been reprised and incorporated into the remaining scores, in particular \"Hedwig's Theme\", which can be heard in all eight films. Other musicians credited with writing the Harry Potter music include Jarvis Cocker, The Ordinary Boys, and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Jeremy Soule and James Hannigan wrote the music for the Harry Potter video games. J. Scott Rakozy, Peter Murray, and Chuck E. Myers \"Sea\" composed the music for Hogwarts Legacy. Overview Themes and motifs Throughout the series, each composer created themes for particular characters, items, locations, and ideas. Several themes can be heard in films subsequent to the one they were written for, although very few lasted for the entire film series. First appearance in The Philosopher's Stone First appearance in The Chamber of Secrets First appearance in The Prisoner of Azkaban First appearance in The Goblet of Fire First appearance in The Order of the Phoenix First appearance in The Half-Blood Prince First appearance in The Deathly Hallows – Part 1 First appearance in The Deathly Hallows – Part 2 References Film music by media franchise Harry Potter lists Compositions by John Williams","title":"Music of the Harry Potter films"},{"docid":"36551734","text":"Mafalda Martins da Silva Luís de Castro (Mafalda Luís de Castro or just Mafalda de Castro for short) is a Portuguese actress who acts out on Portuguese television programs that air on TVI and a few on SIC. She is also a voice actress, who voiced and dubbed characters in European Portuguese, mostly young and/or royal female characters. She is the official European Portuguese dub-over artist for British actress, Emma Watson, since she voiced her role as Hermione Granger throughout the Harry Potter films and the video game adaptations. Filmography Television She is an actress on CMTV's soap opera \"Someone Lost\" playing Leonor Mascarenhas. Voice Roles Video games Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (video game) - Hermione Granger Dubbing Roles Live Action Films Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) - Hermione Granger (Emma Watson) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film) - Hermione Granger (Emma Watson) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film) - Hermione Granger (Emma Watson) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film) - Hermione Granger (Emma Watson) - Vanessa (Sarah Kim Gries) Mirror Mirror - Snow White (Lily Collins) Animated films Barbie as the Island Princess - The Tale of Despereaux - Princess Pea (replacing Emma Watson's voice) Battle for Terra - Hop - Samantha \"Sam\" O'Hare (replacing Kaley Cuoco's voice) (Live action and Animation) The Smurfs - One of the Smurf characters (Live action and Animation) Arthur Christmas - Animated Series Kitty Is Not a Cat - Kitty (Roslyn Oades) (Lauren Tom) References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) Portuguese voice actresses Living people Actresses from Lisbon Portuguese television actresses 21st-century Portuguese actresses","title":"Mafalda Luís de Castro"},{"docid":"36434466","text":"Kathrin \"Kaddi\" Fricke, better known by her pseudonym Coldmirror, is a German YouTube creator and comedian. The pseudonym was inspired by the song \"Creatures That Kissed in Cold Mirrors\" by the band Cradle of Filth. She operates one of the most popular German YouTube channels, moderated radio and television programmes, and publishes blog and vlog entries. Early life Fricke was born and raised in Bremen and studied art history and philosophy at the University of Bremen. She finished her bachelor's degree in 2010 with a research paper about the production of video films and a film project about Internet and video game addiction. According to her own statements, she suffered from strong depression for domestic reasons. In an interview on the YouTube channel \"clixoom\" she explained that, among other things, the Harry Potter series and the desire to know how it would continue gave her energy and safeguarded her from suicide. However, she stated that this was not necessarily due to the books' exciting plots, but rather simply \"having something that you can look forward to.\" Kathrin Fricke began early, together with a friend, to record radio dramas, which laid the foundation of her creativity. In 2000 she joined the team of \"MixX\", a youth television broadcast, as voluntary editor. At this time she compiled her first own websites, where she, for example, published self-drawn pictures with fantasy plots. Her fan fictions with the characters of the Harry Potter series occupied a significant part of her website and stirred attention on the Internet. Video performance on YouTube The YouTube channel \"Coldmirror\" went online on 2 October 2006. The first videos consisted of archive material from Fricke's time as editor for \"MixX\". After this, Fricke created the videos for the most part alone. Her YouTube channel portrays a continuation of her earlier works in video form. Starting in fall 2006, Fricke re-dubbed three Harry Potter movies for comic effect: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in Harry Potter und ein Stein (i.e. Harry Potter and a Stone), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets in Harry Potter und der geheime Pornokeller (i.e. Harry Potter and the Secret Porn Cellar) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in Harry Potter und der Plastik Pokal (i.e. Harry Potter and the Plastic Cup). In her version, the protagonists make frequent use of taboo topics, foul language and references to Internet and pop culture. Fricke's YouTube account was temporarily deactivated because these re-dubs were considered copyright violations. Furthermore, she produced multiple music videos and albums portraying Albus Dumbledore as a gangsta rapper, called \"Fresh D\". In December 2015, she launched a podcast called \"5 Minuten Harry Podcast\" (5 Minutes Harry Podcast) in which she talks about 5 minutes each of the first Harry Potter movie and explores random facts about what it is seen in the sequences. It soon became one of the most successful podcasts in German. New episodes are posted irregularly on podcast platforms and her YouTube channel and often reach many","title":"Coldmirror"},{"docid":"30925582","text":"Botond Előd (born 24 October 1984) is a Hungarian actor. He has an older brother named Álmos who is also a voice actor. Voice works Live-action shows CSI: Miami 7th Heaven Entourage Stargate Atlantis Hannah Montana Tierra de Pasiones Jericho NCIS Live action films Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix American Pie Presents: The Naked Mile Animated shows Naruto Uzumaki (Naruto, Animax edition) Bleach (manga) Full Metal Panic! Death Note Shaman King Kaleido Star Codename: Kids Next Door Love Com LaMB References External links Magyar Szinkron 1984 births Living people Hungarian male film actors Hungarian male voice actors 20th-century Hungarian male actors","title":"Botond Előd"},{"docid":"64482170","text":"Cedric Diggory is a fictional character in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. He is one of the main characters in the fourth book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, as he represents Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Triwizard Tournament, alongside Harry Potter. Cedric is murdered by Peter Pettigrew on Lord Voldemort's orders during Voldemort's resurrection in Little Hangleton. Cedric's death becomes a point of trauma and guilt for Harry and continues to haunt him, which leads him to form Dumbledore's Army as a way to help teach his fellow students to protect themselves in battle. His death is also a focal point of the stage play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child. Cedric was portrayed by Robert Pattinson in the film adaptation of Goblet of Fire and was briefly portrayed by Joe Livermore in Prisoner of Azkaban. His voice is acted by Blake Ritson in the Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire video game. Fictional character biography Cedric Diggory first begins attending Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in 1989 and is sorted into Hufflepuff. It is presumed that Cedric was familiar with Fred and George Weasley as they were in the same year level. Cedric is also close with Cho Chang and the two are romantically involved. Eventually Cedric becomes a popular student and is elected as Seeker for the Hufflepuff Quidditch team, with him then becoming the team captain and a prefect in the same year. Prisoner of Azkaban Cedric first faces Harry Potter during the Quidditch tournament in Prisoner of Azkaban, and ends up catching the Golden Snitch after Harry faints in the presence of Dementors. Cedric offers to replay the match but the offer is declined by Gryffindor captain Oliver Wood, who feels that Diggory had won the game. Goblet of Fire The next year, Cedric and his father, Amos, attend the Quidditch World Cup alongside Harry, Hermione Granger and the Weasley family. Upon arriving at Hogwarts for his sixth year, Cedric puts his name forth in the Goblet of Fire and is selected as the Hogwarts champion alongside Fleur Delacour from Beauxbatons and Victor Krum from Durmstrang. Despite all three champions being chosen, the Goblet of Fire nominates Harry to become the fourth Triwizard Champion. Cedric remains kind to Harry whilst everyone else assumes Harry is lying when he asserts that he did not put his name in the Goblet of Fire. Despite having two champions from the school, the majority of Hogwarts students support Cedric, with students even creating enchanted badges that say \"Support Cedric Diggory, the Real Hogwarts Champion\". Cedric is opposed to the badges and tries to get his classmates not to wear them. In the first task, Harry gives Cedric a hand by informing him in advance that the task involves dragons. Cedric's dragon is a Swedish Short-Snout, from which he has to retrieve the Golden Egg it is guarding. Cedric achieves this by transfiguring a rock into a Labrador to distract the dragon whilst","title":"Cedric Diggory"},{"docid":"3381404","text":"PotterCast is the official podcast of the Harry Potter fansite The Leaky Cauldron. Its episodes are posted once per month and are typically about an hour long. In every episode, the hosts discuss particular passages, themes, and questions from the Harry Potter books and films, and they go over the Potter-related news stories reported during the previous week by The Leaky Cauldron. The podcast often includes input from everyday Potter fans, but it has also featured numerous interviews with professionals involved in making the Potter books, films, and video games. PotterCast frequently hosts contests, and it has presented a variety of themed shows, including a special wizard rock video edition and an episode for Banned Books Week 2005, in which staff interviewed representatives from the American Library Association. It also covers breaking news, such as the press conference hosted by Warner Brothers before the release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. PotterCast was launched on August 22, 2005, and with episode 130 it became the first podcast to interview Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling. Segments Current regular segments Intro: A pre-recorded introduction of the show and its hosts by J. K. Rowling has been used since her appearance in episode 130. Previously, the introduction was recorded by Rupert Grint (episodes 112-129) and Matthew Lewis (for a few episodes prior to the release of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows). News: Led by rotating hosts. Replaced the Leaky Lowdown/Newswrap in September 2007, combining them into one segment relating and discussing the past week's Potter-related news updates. Formerly hosted by Sue Upton, but had a changed title due to Sue leaving the show in late 2009 (episode 211). Bit by Bit: Premiered in October 2007. In this segment, the hosts discuss Deathly Hallows a small piece at a time (usually less than a chapter each week), progressing through the book. Wrap-up: The hosts conclude the show, tie off loose ends, announce upcoming events or issue calls to listeners to send videos, voice-mails or other responses related to a given topic. Traditionally takes place over the background music of \"The Drums\" (actually popular jazz tune, \"Sing Sing Sing.\" Starting with episode 204, it was replaced with the similar \"Wizard Wheezes\" by Nicholas Hooper from Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince). Bloopers: An occasional short segment played after the close of the show, featuring an outtake from the episode's recording. Quick Fire Canon Conclundrums: An on-and-off segment in which the hosts discuss canon related topics. Irregular segments PotterCast Acting Troupe: A segment that will span multiple episodes, featuring voice actors performing a radio play written by a fanfiction author from \"The Sugar Quill.\" The story focuses on the next generation of Hogwarts students, including Harry Potter's children in a story called, \"Albus Potter and the Founder's Fountain\". Fan Thoughts: Premiered in October 2007. Voice messages from listeners with thoughts about the current or previous week's topics of discussion. Fan Interview (\"In the Fan Corner\"): An interview with a fan who has an","title":"PotterCast"},{"docid":"4060482","text":"Tolga Safer (born 26 June 1982) is a British actor who is known for playing Igor Karkaroff's Aide in the movie version of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Life and career Safer was born in London, to Turkish Cypriot parents. He started acting at the age of 7 in school plays and attended classes at the Sylvia Young Theatre School. Safer has appeared in various TV commercials for Pepsi and Korres, and The Red Cross, (Directed by Peter Webber). He has appeared in several TV episodes of BBC's Casualty and Doctors. His first main role was in the film Culture Menace which was a British independent movie before working on Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in a role created especially for him. Other notable film credits include Sugarhouse alongside Andy Serkis and Ashley Walters and Shoot on Sight. In 2017, Safer appeared alongside Dylan O'Brien in CBS Films' thriller American Assassin. At the Arcola Theatre, Safer performed in the controversial play 'Bintou' and then on 'Venezuela'. As well as the Arcola Theatre, Tolga Safer has also performed in plays such as Prayer Room at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre. and appeared at The Royal National Theatre. Filmography Theatre References External links Living people 1982 births British people of Turkish Cypriot descent Male actors from London English male film actors British people of Cypriot descent English male stage actors 21st-century English male actors","title":"Tolga Safer"},{"docid":"811422","text":"Michael Cormac Newell (born 28 March 1942) is an English film and television director and producer. He won the BAFTA for Best Direction for Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), which also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film, and directed the films Donnie Brasco (1997) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). Early life Newell was born in St Albans, Hertfordshire, as the son of amateur actors, and was educated at St Albans School. He read English at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He then attended a three-year training course at Granada Television with the intention of entering the theatre. Career Newell directed various British TV shows from the 1960s onwards (such as Spindoe, credited as Cormac Newell, and Big Breadwinner Hog), but eventually shifted his focus to film direction. His first feature-length project was The Man in the Iron Mask (1977), a made-for-television film. His first critically acclaimed movie was Bad Blood (1981), concerning the 1941 manhunt for the New Zealand mass-killer Stan Graham played by Jack Thompson. This was followed by Dance with a Stranger (1985), a biographical drama starring Miranda Richardson as Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be hanged in the UK. For his directorial efforts, Newell won the Award of the Youth at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival. Newell continued his successes in the film industry with Enchanted April (1991), an adaptation of the 1922 novel by Elizabeth von Arnim. Miranda Richardson won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical and Joan Plowright won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture. During this period, George Lucas recruited Newell as one of the numerous feature film directors to direct episodes of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. The comedy Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) was also critically acclaimed, winning numerous awards, including a César Award (Best Foreign Film), a Golden Globe (Best Actor – Hugh Grant), and a number of London Critics Circle Film Awards (Best Director, Film, Producer, and Screenwriter). Since these award-winning productions, Newell has directed a number of films in Hollywood, such as Donnie Brasco (1997) (starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp), Pushing Tin (1999) (starring John Cusack, Billy Bob Thornton, Cate Blanchett, and Angelina Jolie) and Mona Lisa Smile (2003) (starring Julia Roberts, Kirsten Dunst, and Julia Stiles). In 2005, Newell was presented with an honorary degree of Doctor of Arts by the University of Hertfordshire which has a campus in St Albans, his birthplace. He was also awarded the BAFTA Britannia Award for Artistic Excellence in Directing for his career prior to 2005. Newell became the first British director of the Harry Potter film series with the production of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the fourth adaptation in the series, which became a major critical and financial success worldwide. Newell is heard briefly as the radio announcer at the beginning of the film. Newell directed Love in the Time of Cholera in 2007 and Prince of Persia: The","title":"Mike Newell (director)"},{"docid":"36862831","text":"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a novel by J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire may also refer to: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film), the novel's film adaptation, directed by Mike Newell Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (soundtrack), the soundtrack based on the film, composed by Patrick Doyle Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game), a video game based on the film","title":"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (disambiguation)"},{"docid":"2214244","text":"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a 2005 action-adventure video game published by Electronic Arts. It is based on the 2005 film of the same name. The game was released for Game Boy Advance, GameCube, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and PlayStation Portable. It received mixed reviews from critics, with reviewers enjoying the scope of the spells and gameplay, but being less impressed by the short length, and the lack of free roaming components found in previous installments. Gameplay The game follows the events and characters of novel, and film, with the player controlling Harry Potter (voiced by Daniel Larner), Hermione Granger (Harper Marshall), and Ron Weasley (Gregg Chillin). The game uses an improved version of the group casting mechanic found in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Improved graphics mean the characters themselves more closely resemble their film counterparts than in previous games. Gameplay in the Goblet of Fire is much more action-orientated, which is a change from the puzzle and adventure elements found in previous games of the series. The game is split up into particular levels, rather than freeroaming around Hogwarts castle like in earlier games. Levels are played from parts of the novel the game is based on, with levels ranging from the Quidditch World cup, the Prefect's bathroom, and the Herbology greenhouses; which can be entered from the in-game \"pensieve\". The game also features modes outside of combat, including broomstick flying, and underwater swimming. In a first for the series, players can play the game with friends, and can combine their magic and spells to make them more powerful. Players can also capture moving beans using Accio and increase their power with collectors, creature, and character cards. The game is divided into several non-consecutive levels, some of which are locked at the beginning of the game until the player collects enough Triwizard Shields to unlock it. Reception Goblet of Fire received \"mixed or average\" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, where the GameCube and Nintendo DS were ported on November 26, 2005, Famitsu gave it a combined score of 28 out of 40 for the DS version; and 27 out of 40 for the GameCube version. Famitsu Cube + Advance gave both the DS and GameCube versions a score of 27 out of 40. Detroit Free Press gave the GameCube version all four stars and said, \"This is a masterful video game because it can be enjoyed on many levels. Younger players can simply explore this graphically rich Harry Potter world and succeed. Older players will enjoy manipulating the magic by choosing spells and skills and casting magic together with friends.\" However, The Sydney Morning Herald gave the game three stars out of five and stated that its highlight \"is a brief but thrilling broomstick chase against a fire-breathing dragon. An underwater interlude is less successful, although it provides variety.\" The PlayStation 2 version of The Goblet of Fire received a \"Platinum\" sales award from the","title":"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)"},{"docid":"296645","text":"Beauxbatons Academy of Magic (from French - \"beautiful wands\") is a French magic school in the fictional universe of Harry Potter created by the English writer J. K. Rowling. Description In the fourth book of the series, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000), students from Beauxbâtons arrive at Hogwarts to take part in the Triwizard Tournament. They arrive in a carriage, brought by winged Palomino horses. Beauxbâtons is described as a boarding school located in the Pyrenees mountains of southern France full of ice sculptures and forest nymphs. Beauxbatons has a preponderance of French students, though Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Luxembourgians and Belgians also attend in large numbers. The delegation is led by headmistress Madame Olympe Maxime, a half-giantess; despite her proportions, she is beautiful, graceful, and well-dressed. Also singled out is Fleur Delacour, the Beauxbâtons champion in the Triwizard Tournament, a beautiful girl with silvery hair who is a quarter-veela. Students Students of Beauxbâtons are described rather stereotypically, mainly as beautiful long-haired girls and attractive boys, in contrast with the serious and surly students from the Eastern European school Durmstrang. They have good manners and in general are positive, while the unpleasant appearance of Durmstrang students implies their dishonesty. Similarly, the carriage of the Beauxbâtons is well-lit and nice, while the ship, by which the students of Durmstrang arrive, is gloomy. They speak French and stereotypical, heavily accented English. Jean-François Ménard, the translator of Harry Potter into French, wrote Madame Maxime as arrogant with very correct, aristocratic speech, while Fleur's tone was more distrustful. Ménard made these choices because \"you cannot write French with a French accent\". In the screen adaptation Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Beauxbâtons students are all female and Durmstrang students are all male, in contrast to the books which portray both schools as co-educational. Criticism The portrayal of the two foreign schools has been criticized as stereotypical. On the whole, the students of Beauxbâtons, just as the students of Durmstrang, are homogeneous, not showing the cultural diversity of Hogwarts. The contrast between Durmstrang and Hogwarts can be interpreted as an allusion to the war of the West with the bad from the East, as described in the gothic fiction of the fourteenth century, and contrast between Beauxbâtons and Hogwarts as an allusion to the competition between the reasonable and decent Great Britain and the licentious and decadent France. It has been argued that the appearance on the foreground of these old conflicts allows J K. Rowling to sublimate them, and to make them irrelevant to modern readers. References Literature Fictional elements introduced in 2000 Fiction about magic schools Harry Potter organisations France in fiction","title":"Beauxbatons"},{"docid":"10447050","text":"Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter related topics include: The original books The Harry Potter books are 7 novels about a boy who learns he is a famous wizard: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone—published as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Films , there are eleven motion picture adaptions based on the world, characters and books created by J. K. Rowling. There are eight motion picture adaptations of the Harry Potter novels by J. K. Rowling; the final novel is split into two cinematic parts. While the remaining motion picture adaptions are inspired by both the companion book Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them as well has original content developed by JK Rowling. Seven of the eight screenplays were written by Steve Kloves. The fifth was penned by Michael Goldenberg. All three Fantastic Beasts films were written by JK Rowling. David Heyman has produced the franchise, which has seen four different directors. All eleven films are distributed by Warner Bros. In 2016, a spin-off of and prequel to the Harry Potter film series titled Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was released. A sequel to Fantastic Beasts entitled Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald was released in 2018. In April 2022 the third part Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore was released. Two more instalments of the Fantastic Beasts series are tentatively planned for release. Wizarding World - The shared universe of the Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts film series Harry Potter (film series) List of Harry Potter cast members Directed by Chris Columbus: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) (known in the United States as \"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\") Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film) Directed by Alfonso Cuarón: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film) Directed by Mike Newell: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film) Directed by David Yates: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Fantastic Beasts (film series) List of Fantastic Beasts cast members List of Fantastic Beasts characters Directed by David Yates: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film) Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore Music Music of the Harry Potter films Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone soundtrack Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets soundtrack Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban soundtrack Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire soundtrack Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix soundtrack Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince soundtrack","title":"Outline of Harry Potter"},{"docid":"34495377","text":"Mark Coulier (born 1964) is a British make-up artist and prosthetic makeup expert. He has received three Academy Awards for The Iron Lady (2011), The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), and Poor Things (2023). He also received two Primetime Emmy Awards for Merlin (1998) and Arabian Nights (2000). Career Coulier has worked in the Harry Potter film series, X-Men and The Mummy Returns. He and J. Roy Helland won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair for The Iron Lady (2011). Coulier received his second Oscar for the film The Grand Budapest Hotel at the 87th Academy Awards. He received his third Oscar for the film Poor Things at the 96th Academy Awards. His win was shared with Frances Hannon. Filmography Film The Mummy Returns (2001) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) X-Men: First Class (2011) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011) The Iron Lady (2011) World War Z (2013) Dracula Untold (2014) The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) In the Heart of the Sea (2015) Spectre (2015) Suspiria (2018) Pinocchio (2019) Elvis (2022) Poor Things (2023) Television Merlin (miniseries) (1998) Arabian Nights (Miniseries) (2000) Jason and the Argonauts (2000) Awards and nominations References External links Mark Coulier's Coulier Creatures, website 1964 births Living people British make-up artists Best Makeup Academy Award winners Best Makeup BAFTA Award winners Primetime Emmy Award winners People from Leyland, Lancashire","title":"Mark Coulier"},{"docid":"54639882","text":"Jaana Marjatta Kapari-Jatta (born 19 May 1955, in Turku) is a Finnish translator of fiction, best known for her Finnish-language renderings of the Harry Potter novels and supplementary books by J. K. Rowling, including Harry Potter and the Cursed Child. In her translations of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and Quidditch Through the Ages, she used the pseudonym “Kurvaa Aka (Whoss Gue)”. Kapari-Jatta has also translated several other English-language authors, like Edgar Allan Poe, Oscar Wilde, and Roald Dahl, into Finnish. Among the awards she has received are the Astrid Lindgren Prize of the International Federation of Translators in 2002 and the Finnish State Prize for Children's Culture in 2007. In 2014 she received the J. A. Hollo Prize for her translation of Virginia Woolf’s book The Death of the Moth and Other Essays. In 2022, she received a honoris causa doctorate from the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Helsinki. In 2008, she published a fact book, Pollomuhku ja Posityyhtynen, where she discusses translating the Harry Potter novels. Kapari-Jatta is married and has three children and also grandchildren. She resides in Loviisa, Finland, and in Serekunda, Gambia. Translated books Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Quidditch Through the Ages The Tales of Beedle the Bard Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them: The Original Screenplay Other books (selection) The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar and Six More by Roald Dahl Nancy Drew series by Carolyn Keene Collected Stories by Edgar Allan Poe Ottoline and the Yellow Cat by Chris Riddell Holes by Louis Sachar Diana: The Last Year by Donald Spoto Mr Gum series by Andy Stanton Mary Poppins by P. L. Travers The Happy Prince and Other Stories by Oscar Wilde References 1955 births Finnish translators Translators to Finnish Harry Potter in translation Writers from Turku Translators from English Living people Finnish expatriates Expatriates in the Gambia 20th-century translators 21st-century translators","title":"Jaana Kapari-Jatta"},{"docid":"2269923","text":"Stephen Keith Kloves (born March 18, 1960) is an American screenwriter, director and producer. He wrote and directed the film The Fabulous Baker Boys and is mainly known for his screenplay adaptations of novels, especially for all but one of the Harry Potter films (the exception being The Order of the Phoenix) and for Wonder Boys, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Life and career Kloves, born in Austin, Texas, grew up in Sunnyvale, California, where he graduated from Fremont High School. He attended the University of California, Los Angeles but dropped out when he was not admitted into the film school in his third year. As an unpaid intern for a Hollywood agent, he gained attention for a screenplay he wrote called Swings. This led to a meeting where he successfully pitched Racing with the Moon (1984). His first experience with professional screenwriting left him wanting more interaction with the actors so that the characters would stay true to his vision. Kloves wrote The Fabulous Baker Boys and also intended it to be his directorial debut. After years of trying to sell the project in Hollywood, the film finally got off the ground and was released in 1989. The Fabulous Baker Boys did reasonably well and was critically acclaimed, but his next shot as writer/director for Flesh and Bone in 1993 fared poorly at the box office. Kloves then stopped writing for three years. Realizing that he had to return to writing to support his family, he began adapting Michael Chabon's novel Wonder Boys into a screenplay. Kloves was offered the chance to direct but he declined, preferring to direct only his own original work. This was his first try at adapting another work to film. His screenplay was nominated for a Golden Globe and an Academy Award after the film's release in 2000. Warner Bros. sent Kloves a list of novels that the company was considering to adapt as films. The listing included the first Harry Potter novel, which intrigued him despite his usual indifference to these catalogs. He went on to write the screenplays for the first four films in the series. However, he turned down writing the fifth film, stating that \"The fourth film, Goblet of Fire, was really hard to do. I wrote on it for two years. But it’s not that simple and I don't know that I'll ever fully understand why I didn't do it.\" After Michael Goldenberg wrote the screenplay for the fifth film, Kloves then returned to write the sixth, seventh and eighth installments. In 2011, Kloves was attached to work on a film adaptation of Mark Haddon's novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time. Since 2016, Kloves produced the Fantastic Beasts films, a spinoff prequel series to the main Harry Potter series. Kloves co-wrote the third installment with J.K. Rowling. Kloves produced the Andy Serkis-directed movie, Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle. His daughter, Callie, wrote the screenplay. Kloves is now","title":"Steve Kloves"},{"docid":"26333130","text":"Harper Page Marshall is an English voice actress. She is known for her role as Hermione Granger in the video games of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. She also provided the voice for Malice: A Kat's Tale. Filmography Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) - Hermione Granger Malice: A Kat's Tale (2004) - Additional voices Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) - Hermione Granger References External links Living people English video game actresses Year of birth missing (living people) Actresses from London","title":"Harper Marshall"},{"docid":"906492","text":"The Harry Potter fandom is the community of fans of the Harry Potter books and films who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around the series, such as reading and writing fan fiction, creating and soliciting fan art, engaging in role-playing games, socialising on Harry Potter-based forums, and more. The fandom interacts online as well as offline through activities such as fan conventions, participating in cosplay, tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film. By the fourth Harry Potter book, the legions of fans had grown so large that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date. Harry Potter is considered one of the few four-quadrant, multi-generation spanning franchises that exist today, despite Rowling's original marketing of the books to tweens and teens. Pottermania Pottermania is an informal term first used around 1999 describing the craze Harry Potter fans have had over the series. Fans held midnight parties to celebrate the release of the final four books at bookstores which stayed open on the night leading into the date of the release. In 2005, Entertainment Weekly listed the midnight release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as one of \"Entertainment's Top Moments\" of the previous 25 years. Diehard fans of the series are called \"Potterheads\". Some even theme their weddings around Harry Potter. A Bridal Guide featured two real weddings soon before the release of the final film, which quickly spread through the fandom via Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr. The craze over the series was referenced in Lauren Weisberger's 2003 novel The Devil Wears Prada as well as its 2006 film adaptation. In the story, the protagonist Andrea Sachs is ordered to retrieve two copies of the next instalment in the series for her boss's twins before they are published so that they can be privately flown to France, where the twins and their mother are on holiday. Some celebrity fans of Harry Potter include Lily Allen, Guillermo del Toro, Ariana Grande, Stephen King, Keira Knightley, Jennifer Lawrence, Evanna Lynch, Barack Obama, Simon Pegg, ASAP Rocky, Seth Rogen, and Matt Smith. Fan sites There are many fan web sites about Harry Potter on the Internet, the oldest ones dating to about 1997 or 1998. One of the most famous sites allows fans of the book an opportunity to be sorted into a house themselves. J. K. Rowling has an open relationship with her fan base, and since 2004 periodically hands out a \"fan site award\" on her official web site. The first site to receive the award was Immeritus, a fan site mostly devoted to Sirius Black, and about which Rowling wrote, \"I am so proud of the fact that a character, whom I always liked very much, though he never appeared as much more than a brooding presence in the books, has gained a passionate fan-club.\" In 2004, after Immeritus, Rowling","title":"Harry Potter fandom"},{"docid":"1782867","text":"Stanislav Yanevski (; born Stanislav Rumenov Yanevski, ; on 16 May 1985) is a Bulgarian actor best known for playing Viktor Krum in the 2005 fantasy film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Yanevski was born in Sofia. He lived in England for five years as well as in Israel. While attending Mill Hill School in the United Kingdom with fellow Harry Potter actor Harry Melling, Ianevski had no particular acting aspirations and was not a drama student. He had only auditioned for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire after being spotted by Fiona Weir, a casting director who prompted him to attend an acting workshop, which resulted in his casting as Viktor Krum, a Bulgarian character in the Harry Potter series. He was selected from 650 others, most of whom had auditioned in Sofia. He also starred in Hostel: Part II, the sequel to Eli Roth's film Hostel. Film Television References External links 1985 births Bulgarian male film actors Living people People educated at Mill Hill School Male actors from Sofia Bulgarian expatriates in the United Kingdom 21st-century Bulgarian male actors Bulgarian male television actors Bulgarian emigrants to England","title":"Stanislav Ianevski"},{"docid":"25845623","text":"The Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Family Film is a retired award that was handed out from 1995 to 2007. List of winners and nominees 1990s 1995: Babe 1996: Fly Away Home 1997: Anastasia 1998: A Bug's Life 1999: October Sky 2000s 2000: My Dog Skip Dr. Seuss' How The Grinch Stole Christmas The Family Man Remember the Titans 2001: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone The Princess Diaries Spy Kids 2002: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets The Rookie Tuck Everlasting 2003: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Freaky Friday Holes Peter Pan Whale Rider 2004: Finding Neverland Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Miracle Spider-Man 2 2005: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 2006: Charlotte's Web Akeelah and the Bee Flicka Lassie Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest 2007: Enchanted August Rush The Golden Compass Hairspray Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix External links Official BFCA website F de:Broadcast Film Critics Association fr:Critics Choice Awards it:Broadcast Film Critics Association vi:BFCA zh:廣播影評人協會","title":"Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Family Film"},{"docid":"43000727","text":"Henry Lloyd-Hughes (born 1985) is an English actor. He is known for his roles in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), Unrelated (2007), The Inbetweeners (2008–2010), Miliband of Brothers (2010), Weekender (2011), Anna Karenina (2012), Parade's End (2012), and Indian Summers (2015). As of 2018 he voices Flynn Fairwind in World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth. In 2021, he appeared as Sherlock Holmes in the Netflix series, The Irregulars. Personal life Lloyd-Hughes was born in 1985 in the United Kingdom, the son of actress Lucy Appleby (A Stitch in Time) and Timothy Lloyd-Hughes, who worked for Deutsche Bank. He has two younger brothers, record executive Theo Lloyd-Hughes and actor Ben Lloyd-Hughes. Both Henry and Ben acted in Miliband of Brothers. Fred Macpherson, lead singer of the band Spector, and formerly of Les Incompétents and Ox.Eagle.Lion.Man, is his cousin. Hughes and his family are all supporters of west London football club Queens Park Rangers. Career Lloyd-Hughes first appeared in the TV series Murphy's Law in 2004 before playing Roger Davies in the 2005 film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. He then appeared in Joanna Hogg's film Unrelated in 2007 alongside Tom Hiddleston. From 2008 to 2010 he played school bully Mark Donovan in the British sitcom The Inbetweeners. He reprised the role in the film The Inbetweeners Movie in 2011. In 2010, he portrayed former British Labour Party politician David Miliband in the TV film documentary Miliband of Brothers. In 2011, he starred in the film Dimensions as Stephen, a brilliant young scientist who lives in England in the 1920s. The same year, he appeared in the film Weekender about the 1990 Manchester rave scene. In the 2012 epic romantic drama film Anna Karenina, he played Burisov alongside Keira Knightley and Aaron Taylor-Johnson. In 2013, he starred in the film Hello Carter with Jodie Whittaker. Lloyd-Hughes played Charles Bovary in the drama film Madame Bovary with Mia Wasikowska in the title role and which was released in 2014. Theatre Lloyd-Hughes has appeared in numerous theatre productions, including Rope, The Miracle, Punk Rock, and The Changeling. In 2012, he starred as Dimitri Mitropoulos in the play Posh, which played at the Duke of York's Theatre. Michael Billington of The Guardian said of Lloyd-Hughes's performance that he \"impresses as a wealthy Greek who aims to be more English than the English\". Filmography Film Television Theatre Radio Video games References External links 21st-century English male actors 1985 births Living people English male television actors English male stage actors English male film actors English male radio actors English male video game actors English male voice actors Male actors from London People from Westminster People educated at St Paul's School, London Actors from the City of Westminster","title":"Henry Lloyd-Hughes"},{"docid":"16885964","text":"Harry Potter is a series of novels written by J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter may also refer to other parts of the franchise: Harry Potter (character), the titular main character in Harry Potter media Harry Potter (film series), the David Heyman-produced film series based on the Rowling novels Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Harry Potter (TV series), an upcoming television series Wizarding World, the media franchise based on the Harry Potter books Fictional universe of Harry Potter, the shared fictional universe in which the Harry Potter novels, films and other media are set Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, a 2016 theatrical play following up on the character Others Harry Potter (journalist) (1941–2014), Australian television journalist and crime reporter Harry Potter (rugby union) (born 1997), English-born Australian rugby union player Harry Potter Jr. and Harry Potter Sr., the name of two characters in the 1986 film Troll See also List of Harry Potter-related topics Henry Potter (disambiguation) Harold Potter (disambiguation) Harrison Potter (1891-1984), American musician Harry Porter (1882-1965), American high jumper Potter, Harry","title":"Harry Potter (disambiguation)"},{"docid":"469706","text":"Chris Rankin is a New Zealand-born British actor, director, and producer who is best known for playing Percy Weasley in the Harry Potter film franchise. Early life Rankin was adopted by unbiological parents. Rankin lived in Rothesay Bay until he was six, attending Kristin School in Albany. He and his parents subsequently moved to Norfolk in the United Kingdom, where he attended Northgate High School in Dereham. His mother, Marilyn Rankin works at a school, among other things. Career Rankin began acting at the age of eleven. He attended Shipdham Primary School, Northgate High School, and Dereham Sixth Form College. At Northgate High School he appeared in school plays of Bugsy Malone and The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe. His professional acting career began when he won the role of Percy Weasley in September 2000 and he has since appeared in film, TV and theatre. In the Harry Potter series, he is a brother of Harry Potter's best friend, Ron Weasley. Rankin is the co-founder of a theatre company, Painted Horse UK. He re-appeared in the final two films of the Harry Potter film franchise, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2, after his character's absence from Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, and only a brief non-speaking role in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Outside of the Harry Potter films, Rankin has also been seen in the TV mini-series The Rotters' Club and Channel 5's Victoria Cross Heroes in which he played Evelyn Wood. In 2002 he worked as an usher at UCI Cinemas. On stage, Chris has played a variety of roles in pantomimes across the country, as well as Edgar Linton in Wuthering Heights, Eilert Loevborg in Hedda Gabler, and Young Syrian in Salomé. In 2009, Rankin starred in and produced a YouTube video titled \"LifeHack\", directed by Thomas \"TomSka\" Ridgewell, in which he played a vigilante hacker who accesses people's personal photos to find a missing woman. He also appeared as Mycroft Holmes in the Hillywood Show's \"Sherlock\" parody in 2016. He completed his study at the University of Lincoln in 2011. Rankin now works in television and film production since 2011 and is credited as production secretary on \"Atlantis\" (Urban Myth Films/BBC Wales). Film, television and stage References External links Chris' MySpace English male film actors English male stage actors English male television actors Living people Male actors from Auckland 21st-century English male actors Male actors from Norfolk New Zealand emigrants to the United Kingdom New Zealand expatriates in England 21st-century New Zealand male actors New Zealand male film actors New Zealand male television actors New Zealand male stage actors New Zealand adoptees People educated at Kristin School Alumni of the University of Lincoln","title":"Chris Rankin"},{"docid":"29008505","text":"David Barron is a British film producer, best known for his involvement in the Harry Potter film series. Career Barron has worked in the entertainment industry for more than 25 years, beginning his career in commercials before moving into television and film production. He has held a wide range of posts, including location manager, assistant director, production manager and production supervisor, working on such films as The French Lieutenant's Woman, The Killing Fields, Revolution, Legend, The Princess Bride and Franco Zeffirelli's Hamlet. In 1991, Barron was appointed executive in charge of production on George Lucas' ambitious television project The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. The following year, he served as the line producer on the feature The Muppet Christmas Carol. In 1993, Barron joined Kenneth Branagh's production team as associate producer and unit production manager on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. That film began an association with Branagh, with Barron going on to produce the director's films A Midwinter's Tale, Hamlet and Love's Labour's Lost. Barron also produced Oliver Parker's Othello, in which Branagh starred with Laurence Fishburne. In spring 1999, he formed his own company, Contagious Films, with British director Paul Weiland. Barron more recently launched Runaway Fridge Films and Beagle Pug Films. He worked as a producer on Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2. He previously served as a producer on Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. He was also an executive producer on both Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Filmography Producer Othello (1995) In the Bleak Midwinter (1995) Hamlet (1996) Love's Labours Lost (2000) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) Page Eight (2011) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011) Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014) Frank (2014) Cinderella (2015) The Legend of Tarzan (2016) Breathe (2017) Terminal (2018) Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle (2018) Escape from Pretoria (2020) Emily (2022) Executive producer It Was an Accident (2000) Possession (2002) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) Possession (2002) Production supervisor Revolution (1985) The Princess Bride (1987) The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne (1987) Strapless (1989) Nightbreed (1990) Other credits References External links British film producers Living people People from South Oxfordshire District 1959 births","title":"David Barron (film producer)"},{"docid":"5897241","text":"Sevin Okyay (Istanbul, 1942) is a Turkish literary critic, journalist, author, regular columnist and a prolific translator. Sevin had been a radio host and a teacher as well. Biography She is a graduate of the Arnavutköy American Girl's (High) School. During her youth she worked with Yıldız Moran, the first formally educated female photographer in Turkey. Okyay is best known for translating the Harry Potter books, and for her positive and appreciative criticism in Radikal, a Turkish newspaper. Her son, Kutlukhan Kutlu, is also following his mother's footsteps and is accompanying her in translating the Harry Potter series. Okyay has been translating since 1963. She started working as a journalist in 1976. She writes mainly about cinema, literature, jazz and sports. She is hailed as a milestone of modern translation in Turkey. She used to have two cats who were twins, named after the Weasley twins. A serious jazz aficionado, she was the host of a radio show in Turkey, and her playlist included mainly jazz standards. Selected bibliography Ilk Romanim (My First Novel) novel, 1996 120 Filmde Seyriâlem (A Cinema Tour in 120 Films) selected movie critiques, 1996 Çiçek Dürbünü (Kaleidoscope) collected essays, 1998 Selected translations Tales of the Early World, by Ted Hughes Ilk Dünya Hikayeleri YKY, 1999, Delights of Turkey, by Edouard Roditi Türkiye Tatlari, YKY, 1999, Raise High the Roof-Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction, by J.D. Salinger Yükseltin Tavan Kirisini, Ustalar ve Seymour - bir Giris, with Coskun Yerli, YKY, 1999, Animal Farm, by George Orwell Hayvanlar Çiftliği, YKY 2000 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Sirlar Odasi, YKY 2001, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Azkaban Tutsagi, with K. Kutlu, YKY 2001, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Ates Kadehi, with K. Kutlu, YKY 2001, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them?, by J.K. Rowling Fantastik Canavlar Nelerdir, Nerelerde Bulunurlar?, with Gül Sarioglu, YKY 2002, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Zümrüdüanka Yoldasligi, with K. Kutlu, YKY 2003, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Melez Prens, with K. Kutlu, YKY 2005, External links A collection of her critiques (in Turkish) An article in English by Okyay on the 9th Flying Broom International Women's Film Festival References 1942 births Living people Turkish translators Translators from English Translators to Turkish Harry Potter in translation Writers from Istanbul Turkish women writers","title":"Sevin Okyay"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"27211268\",\n \"text\": \"Natalie Hallam (born 7 April 1972) is a British actress. She has worked as an actress in film and TV since 2002. Parts include five of the eight of the Harry Potter films. Life Natalie Hallam was born in Nottingham, England to Paul Hallam and Glynis Cook. Natalie wished to be an actress from an early age. First of all acquiring a place at the Central School of Speech and Drama in 1991 and giving up the place due to grant problems. She finally attended the London Method School (Now London Method Studio) in 2002. Parts include New Tricks, Beautiful People, Extras, EastEnders and parts in five of the eight of the Harry Potter films. Filmography The Four Feathers as High Class Lady (2002) The Gathering Storm as 40's Cinema woman (2002) Wheeling Dealing as Javelin Thrower (2004) Stage Beauty as Auditioning Actress (2004) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as Wizard Teacher (2005) Perfect Parents as Catholic School Nun (2006) Extras as When the Whistle Blows Floor Manager (TV episodes, 2006–2007) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix as Wizard Teacher (2007) Son of Rambow as Mary's Mother Flashback (2007) The Dark Knight as Ferry Passenger (2008) Love Soup as Security guard (TV episode, 2008) The Day of the Triffids as Blind Woman (TV episode, 2009) References External links http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1900568/ Living people 1972 births Actresses from Nottingham English film actresses English television actresses\",\n \"title\": \"Natalie Hallam\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"33564800\",\n \"text\": \"Alessio Puccio (born 1 June 1986) is an Italian voice actor. Biography Puccio often contributes to voicing characters in cartoons, anime, movies and other content. He is well known for providing the voice of the protagonist Harry Potter in the Italian-language version of the Harry Potter film series. He also provides the voice of the secondary character Jeremy Johnson in the Italian-language version of the Disney Channel animated series Phineas and Ferb. He is also the current voice of Gumball Watterson in the Italian-language version of The Amazing World of Gumball. He works at Pumaisdue, Sefit – CDC and other dubbing studios in Italy. Dubbing roles Animation Jeremy Johnson in Phineas and Ferb Jeremy-2 in Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension Sota Higurashi in InuYasha ApeTrully in Hero: 108 Sho Yamato in Idaten Jump Ryan in The Wild Doowee McAdam in Sally Bollywood: Super Detective Pierre in The Wonderful World of Puss 'n Boots (2004 dub) Tina Belcher in Bob's Burgers Gumball Watterson in The Amazing World of Gumball Rivalz Cardemonde in Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion Jacobo Jacobo in The Replacements Zephyr in The Hunchback of Notre Dame II Kicker in Transformers: Energon Roger Radcliffe in The Life and Times of Juniper Lee Pongdybory in Noonbory and the Super Seven Jordan Greenway in Inazuma Eleven Bald Man in ChalkZone Live action Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Peter Pan in Peter Pan Oliver Oken in Hannah Montana Cisco Ramon in The Flash Blane Whittaker in M.I. High Dale Turner in Jericho (2006 TV series) Alan King in Jake & Blake George Zinavoy in The Art of Getting By Bobby Carter in The Hills Have Eyes (2006 film) George Little in Stuart Little Anakin Skywalker in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace Jeremy Gilbert in The Vampire Diaries Benjy Fleming in Monk (TV series) Eric van der Woodsen in Gossip Girl Clyde in Mean Creek Martin in Let the Right One In Rory Joseph Hennessy in 8 Simple Rules Michael Richard Kyle, Jr. in My Wife and Kids Mark in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody Thom in Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist Mowgli in Mowgli: The New Adventures of the Jungle Book Calvin in I Dream Teddy in The Hangover Part II Wilder Guiliver Atticus Wilder in The Latest Buzz Mark Woods in Daddio David in A.I. Artificial Intelligence Forrest Gump, Jr. in Forrest Gump Ron Stieger in Ein Fall für B.A.R.Z. Co-King Brady King of Kinkow in Pair of Kings Artie Abrams in Glee\",\n \"title\": \"Alessio Puccio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"654022\",\n \"text\": \"Matthew David Lewis (born 27 June 1989) is an English actor. He is best known for his role as Neville Longbottom in the Harry Potter film series. Born in Leeds, Lewis made his acting debut in Some Kind of Life (1995), guest-starring on dramas for ITV and BBC One before appearing in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001). Lewis played the role for ten years, concluding with the final film, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011), for which he received critical praise. Following the series, Lewis had a recurring role in The Syndicate and performed his first theatre role in Our Boys at the Duchess Theatre in 2012. Lewis starred in The Rise (2012) which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival to positive reviews and made appearances on BBC dramas Bluestone 42 and Death in Paradise in 2013 and 2015, respectively. Lewis had a supporting role in Me Before You (2016), which became a box office success. He was cast in the crime dramas Ripper Street and Happy Valley before starring on the ITV drama Girlfriends in 2018. Lewis appeared in Terminal (2018), which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival as well as Baby Done (2020). In 2020-2021, Lewis starred in Channel 5 television series All Creatures Great and Small to critical praise. Early life Matthew David Lewis was born on 27 June 1989 in Leeds, West Yorkshire, to Adrian Lewis and Lynda Needham. He was raised in the nearby town of Horsforth. He has two older brothers: Chris, a film editor, and Anthony, an actor. He was educated at St Mary's Menston Catholic Voluntary Academy. Career 1995–2000: Beginnings Lewis has been acting since age five. He made his professional debut in television film Some Kind of Life (1995), directed by Kay Mellor. He guest-starred in the BBC One crime drama Dalziel and Pascoe before appearing in ITV series' Heartbeat and Where the Heart Is in 1999 and 2000, respectively. 2001–2011: Harry Potter and recognition In 1999, castings were held across the UK for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, the film adaptation of British author J. K. Rowling's novel. Lewis, a fan of the series, initially attended an open audition at the Queens Hotel, Leeds, before being contacted two months later to perform a screen test for director Chris Columbus, eventually earning the role of Neville Longbottom. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released in 2001 and became a critical and commercial hit. For the role, Lewis wore a set of false teeth, shoes two sizes too big, a fat suit and ear prosthetics. He reprised his role a year later in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets; Lewis has stated that his favorite lines stem from the film. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) both premiered to critical acclaim. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix was released in 2007. During filming, co-star Helena Bonham Carter accidentally\",\n \"title\": \"Matthew Lewis (actor)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"42451885\",\n \"text\": \"Charley Henley is a visual effects supervisor. He was nominated at the 85th Academy Awards for his work on the film Prometheus, in the category of Best Visual Effects. He shared his nomination with Martin Hill, Richard Stammers and Trevor Wood. He was also nominated at the 96th Academy Awards for his work on the film Napoleon, in the category of Best Visual Effects. He shared his nomination with Luc-Ewen Martin-Fenouillet, Simone Coco, and Neil Corbould. He is the son of the actor Drewe Henley and actress Felicity Kendal. Selected filmography Gladiator (2000) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) A Knights Tale (2001) Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Alien vs. Predator (2004) Ella Enchanted (2004) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) X-Men: The Last Stand (2006) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008) The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010) Prometheus (2012) Total Recall (2012) 300: Rise of an Empire (2014) Cinderella (2015) Napoleon (2023) References External links Living people Special effects people Year of birth missing (living people)\",\n \"title\": \"Charley Henley\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1811977\",\n \"text\": \"5972 Olton Hall is a preserved Great Western Railway Hall class locomotive made famous for its role hauling the Hogwarts Express in the Harry Potter film series. History Service Built in April 1937 at Swindon Works for the Great Western Railway (GWR), No. 5972 was first allocated to Carmarthen, South Wales where it remained until 1951. After being fitted with a three row superheater at Swindon Works, it was allocated to Plymouth Laira. Its last shed allocation was to Cardiff East Dock, before it was withdrawn in December 1963, and sold to Woodham Brothers, Barry for scrap in May 1964. Preservation Woodham Brothers sold the locomotive to David Smith and it moved to Horbury railway works in Wakefield in May 1981. In 1994, it moved to Carnforth MPD for restoration, being steamed for the first time in 1998. Harry Potter film series In the Harry Potter films, the locomotive is depicted pulling the Hogwarts Express, a fictional train, made up of four (later five) British Rail Mark 1 carriages. Scenes were filmed at King's Cross railway station, the Glenfinnan Viaduct and the North Yorkshire Moors Railway — along with internal scenes on board the train. When filmed, Olton Hall carried a \\\"Hogwarts Express\\\" headboard on the smokebox, featuring the Hogwarts school crest. The same emblem is featured as part of the \\\"Hogwarts Railways\\\" sigil on the tender and carriages. It retained its GWR number of 5972, but with alternative nameplates fitted, naming the engine Hogwarts Castle. It is painted in a crimson livery — a non-standard colour, as GWR locomotives traditionally used green. Olton Hall was not the first locomotive to be re-liveried to appear hauling the Hogwarts Express. To promote the fourth Harry Potter book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Southern Railway West Country Class locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was temporarily repainted and renamed. However, it was rejected by film director Chris Columbus as looking \\\"too modern\\\" for the film, but it carried the name and colour for some months afterwards. The renaming as \\\"...Castle\\\" has become a railway preservation joke: \\\"...the Hall that thinks it's a Castle.\\\" The Great Western Railway Castle Class engines were larger, faster locomotives designed for prestigious express passenger duties; whereas the Halls were a mixed-traffic design. Three full-size replicas of the locomotive as No. 5972 Hogwarts Castle are at The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort). Two are used as part of the Hogwarts Express train ride and the other is a static exhibit in the Hogsmeade area. There are also static models at the other Wizarding World of Harry Potter locations in Hollywood and Japan. In 2015, the locomotive was put on static display at Warner Bros. Studio Tour London - The Making of Harry Potter, near Watford, and will be displayed there until Warner Bros' lease on the locomotive from West Coast Railways expires. Non-Hogwarts work No. 5972 is sometimes used for work other than its \\\"Hogwarts\\\" duties. In May 2009, it was moved temporarily to the\",\n \"title\": \"GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2298654\",\n \"text\": \"Afshan Noor Azad-Kazi (née Azad; born 12 February, 1988) is a British actress, model, and media personality. She is best known for playing the role of Padma Patil in the Harry Potter film series, beginning in 2005 with Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Early life and education Azad was born in Longsight, Manchester to Bangladeshi parents from Chittagong. She attended Whalley Range High School, and took AS-levels in chemistry, biology, English and business studies at Xaverian College in Rusholme. She went on to graduate with a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism and Design from the University of Salford. Career Azad is known for her performances as Padma Patil in five of the Harry Potter films, starting with 2005's Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. She acquired the role when casting agents visited her school and, after having attended several auditions, chose her for the part. Azad had stated that she had auditioned \\\"just for the fun of it\\\" and surprisingly got the part. In 2017, Azad guest presented an episode of the CBBC series Marrying Mum & Dad with Ed Petrie whilst Naomi Wilkinson was away. Advocacy In October 2023, Azad signed an open letter by Artists4Ceasefire to Joe Biden, President of the United States, of artists calling for a ceasefire of the Israeli bombardment of Gaza. Personal life Azad married Nabil Kazi on 19 August 2018. They are based in Worcester. On 11 April 2021, the couple announced they were expecting their first child. In July 2021, Azad revealed in an Instagram post that she has given birth to her first child, a baby girl. In April 2024, she announced she was pregnant with the couple's second child. Assault court case When she was 22, Azad's father Abdul and brother Ashraf attacked her because she had a boyfriend who was Hindu. On 29 June 2010, Abdul and Ashraf Azad appeared in Manchester Magistrates' Court, charged with threatening to kill her. They were released on bail. Azad's brother was charged with \\\"assault occasioning actual bodily harm\\\", whilst Azad stayed with friends in London. On 20 December 2010, Azad did not attend court when the prosecution accepted her brother's guilty plea to assault occasioning actual bodily harm and a judge ruled both men were not guilty of threatening to kill Azad. On 21 January 2011, Azad's brother was imprisoned for six months. Filmography Film Video games Music videos See also British Bangladeshi List of British Bangladeshis List of Harry Potter cast members References External links Living people 1989 births 21st-century English actresses Actresses from Manchester Alumni of the University of Salford British actresses of Asian descent British Internet celebrities English child actresses English female models English film actresses English Muslims English people of Bangladeshi descent People from Longsight People from Chittagong Models from Manchester\",\n \"title\": \"Afshan Azad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2298823\",\n \"text\": \"Predrag Bjelac (; born 30 June 1962) is a Serbian actor. He portrayed Igor Karkaroff in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Lord Donnon in The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian. He is a graduate of the Belgrade University's Faculty of Dramatic Art, class of 1986, and studied at The Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute (1988) in New York City. Filmography Film Šest dana juna (1985) - Petar Destroying Angel (1987) - Otto Poslednja priča (1987, TV Movie) - Vlada The Fall of Rock and Roll (1989) Čudna noć (1990) Stand by (1991) - Veliki Harrison's Flowers (2000) - Doctor in Vukovar The Final Victim (2003) - Simons Eurotrip (2004) - Italian Guy at Vatican Kad porastem biću kengur (2004) - Baron Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - Igor Karkaroff Amor Fati (2005, Short) - Branko The Omen (2006) - Vatican Observatory Priest Ro(c)k podvraťáků (2006) - Chřestýš The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2007) - Lord Donnon Ať žijí rytíři! (2009) - Ahmed (Movie cut) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) - Igor Karkaroff (uncredited; appears in flashback) Kao rani mraz (2010) - Stari Nikola (2010) - Vlado Petrovic Czech-Made Man (2011) - Noha AS PIK (2012) Artiljero (2012) - Gane Ironclad: Battle for Blood (2014) - Maddog Horseplay (2014) - Gypsy King Child 44 (2015) - Basurov Gangster Ka (2015) - Dardan DxM (2015) - Mosca Winnetou & Old Shatterhand (2016) - Tangua Winnetou - Der letzte Kampf (2016) - Tangua Intrigo: Dear Agnes (2019) - Caretaker Atatürk 1881-1919 (2023) - Otto Liman von Sanders Television Warriors (1999) - Naser Zec The Immortal: Deja vu (2001) - Petr Children of Dune (2003) - Namri Spooks (a.k.a. MI-5) (2007) - Edik Kuznetzov The Fixer (2008) - Tarek Sokoli Dobrá čtvrť (2008) - Dragan The Courier 2.0 (2008) - Valentine Ať žijí rytíři! (2010) - Ahmed 4-teens (2011) - Uncle Dragan Borgia (2011-2014) - Francesco Piccolomini Cirkus Bukowsky (2013-2014) - Luka Coltello Případy 1. oddělení (2014) - Abikal Genius (2017) - Milos Maric Killing Eve (2020) - Grigoriy References External links 1962 births Living people Male actors from Belgrade Serbian male film actors American people of Serbian descent University of Belgrade Faculty of Dramatic Arts alumni 20th-century Serbian male actors 21st-century Serbian male actors Serbian male television actors\",\n \"title\": \"Predrag Bjelac\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6131993\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) was released on 15 November 2005. The film's score was composed by Patrick Doyle, conducted by James Shearman, recorded at Air Lyndhurst Studios and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra with orchestrations provided by Doyle, Shearman, Lawrence Ashmore, John Bell, Brad Dechter, Nicole Nevin and James McWilliam. The score included three main new themes: one representing the Triwizard Tournament, one representing Lord Voldemort, and one representing Harry Potter's crush on Cho Chang. Doyle incorporated an ominous reprise of Hedwig's Theme into the score. A prominent minor theme is presented in \\\"The Death of Cedric\\\". The soundtrack entered the Billboard 200 at position eighty for the Week Ending 3 December, and also charted at four on the Top Soundtracks Chart. Songs 22-24 are the songs playing during the Yule Ball scene when The Weird Sisters band came out and played. The Yule Ball theme (\\\"Potter Waltz\\\") is derived from Symphony No. 3 by Samuel Wesley. Track listing All tracks performed and composed by Patrick Doyle except where noted. References External links 2000s film soundtrack albums 2005 soundtrack albums Fantasy film soundtracks 04 Patrick Doyle soundtracks\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4856645\",\n \"text\": \"Roger James Edward Pratt, BSC (born 27 February 1947) is a British cinematographer. Biography The son of an Anglican priest, Pratt attended Loughborough Grammar School and then undertook a gap year with Voluntary Service Overseas in Mali. He enrolled at Durham University in 1966, where he graduated from the General Arts programme in 1969. After Durham, Pratt returned down south to study at the London Film School. Pratt first met Terry Gilliam, one of his most frequent collaborators, while he was working on the set of Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) as a clapper loader. Pratt has been the director of photography for more than 35 films, including Batman (1989), Frankenstein (1994), 102 Dalmatians (2000), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002), Troy (2004), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), Inkheart (2008) and The Karate Kid (2010). Other than Gilliam, his most recurring partnerships were with Roger Christian and Richard Attenborough. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work in The End of the Affair. Filmography Short film Feature film Television TV movie TV series Awards and nominations References External links Living people British cinematographers 1947 births Alumni of the London Film School Alumni of St John's College, Durham\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Pratt (cinematographer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"23044568\",\n \"text\": \"Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4 is a Lego-themed action-adventure video game developed by Traveller's Tales and published by Warner Bros. The game is based on the Lego Harry Potter toy line, and its storyline covers the first four books by J.K. Rowling and its film adaptations in the Harry Potter film series: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004), and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). The game was released in June 2010 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS, and PlayStation Portable, Android in November 2010, OS X in January 2011, iOS in September 2016, PlayStation 4 in October 2016, and for Nintendo Switch and Xbox One in October 2018 as part of the Lego Harry Potter Collection, which bundles the game with its sequel, Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7. Gameplay Lego Harry Potters gameplay is similar to that of most previous Lego video games, with an emphasis on collecting, exploring, and solving puzzles. Casting spells is an integral part of the gameplay, with a wide range of spells available for unlocking as the player progresses. As there are many spells available in the game, the player can use the spell wheel to select the spell. Potion-making is another integral feature; potions can help the player complete levels or, if created incorrectly, have adverse side effects such as turning the player into a frog. Changes to the mechanics of previous games include 'Student in Peril' missions, which are a group of challenges to help a student, and Polyjuice Potion, which allows players to temporarily change one of the player's characters into any other mini-figure unlocked. A major change is to the hub system. Diagon Alley serves as a hub for purchasing unlockable extras, The Leaky Cauldron works as a hub for returning to previous levels, while Hogwarts acts as a constantly evolving massive hub with the unlockable characters found by picking up their hidden portraits. The bigger areas in Hogwarts have led developer Traveller's Tales to improve the overall level design. Also included is another bonus level that allows players to customize the level similar to Lego Indiana Jones 2: The Adventure Continues. If the player is lost in-game, they can follow a trail of Ghost Studs to the next level. These do not count towards the stud total, but will guide the player to the next section of the level. However one of the collectible 'red bricks', found in the courtyard next to Herbology, gets the player an 'extra' that makes the ghost studs worth 1,000 each. The central hub is Diagon Alley and its entrance through the Leaky Cauldron. Players can access a room at the second floor of the building to watch cutscenes from the game, as well as using a notice board with pictures from where the player can play completed levels again. Diagon Alley serves as a series of stores where the player\",\n \"title\": \"Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"41667744\",\n \"text\": \"Tim Webber is a Welsh visual effects supervisor and is chief creative officer at visual effects studio Framestore. He is known for his work on Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), Children of Men (2006), and Gravity (2013), for which he received an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 86th Academy Awards. Education Webber was educated at St Catherine's College, Oxford, graduating in Physics in 1987. Career In 1988, Webber joined the British visual effects company Framestore, based near Oxford Street in London. He led the company's push into Digital Film and Television, developing Framestore’s virtual camera and motion rig systems. He has been the visual effects supervisor in some of the most technically and artistically challenging projects, including, Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight (2008), James Cameron's Avatar (2009), and Louis Leterrier's Clash of the Titans (2010). He was Warner Brothers’ VFX supervisor on Alfonso Cuarón's space epic, Gravity (2013), with the techniques involved in the film realized by Webber and the Framestore team, taking three years to complete. David Heyman, co-producer of Gravity, hired Webber to oversee the film's visual effects work. For his work on Gravity, he won both the BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects at the 67th British Academy Film Awards, and an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 86th Academy Awards. In 2014, Webber was awarded the Royal Photographic Society Progress medal and Honorary Fellowship, which is awarded in recognition of any invention, research, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an important advance in the scientific or technological development of photography or imaging in the widest sense. In 2023, Webber released his directorial and writing debut, in the form of sci-fi short film FLITE. Starring Alba Baptista, FLITE is set in a semi-submerged London of 2053 and brought some of the techniques first explored on the film Gravity into the present day. Using state of the art virtual production techniques, FLITE also tested FUSE - Framestore Unreal Shot Engine - which puts Epic Games Unreal Engine, and all the benefits of real-time, at the heart of a VFX pipeline. FLITE has won several awards including Best Genre at HollyShorts Film Festival 2023, Best Animation at The Soho London Independent Film Festival 2024 and Best Post Production and Best Score at Ignite Film Festival 2023. FLITE is available to watch on YouTube. Selected filmography Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) The Dark Knight (2008) Avatar (2009) Children of Men (2006) Gravity (2013) References External links Special effects people Living people Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners Best Visual Effects BAFTA Award winners Welsh film people Alumni of St Catherine's College, Oxford Year of birth missing (living people) Primetime Emmy Award winners\",\n \"title\": \"Tim Webber\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7629286\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter is a film series based on the eponymous novels by British author J. K. Rowling. The series is produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). A spin-off prequel series started with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise. The series was mainly produced by David Heyman, and stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, and Emma Watson as the three leading characters: Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger. Four directors worked on the series: Chris Columbus, Alfonso Cuarón, Mike Newell, and David Yates. Michael Goldenberg wrote the screenplay for Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007), while the remaining films' screenplays were written by Steve Kloves. Production took place over ten years, with the main story arc following Harry's quest to overcome his arch-enemy Lord Voldemort. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the seventh and final novel in the series, was adapted into two feature-length parts. Part 1 was released in November 2010, and Part 2 was released in July 2011. Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time—at 18th-highest, grossing over $1 billion. It is the fourth-highest-grossing film series, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts. Origins In late 1997, film producer David Heyman's London offices received a copy of the first book in what would become Rowling's series of seven Harry Potter novels. The book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was relegated to a low-priority bookshelf, where it was discovered by a secretary who read it and gave it to Heyman with a positive review. Consequently, Heyman, who had originally disliked \\\"the rubbish title\\\", read the book himself. Highly impressed by Rowling's work, he began the process that led to one of the most successful cinematic franchises of all time. Heyman's enthusiasm led to Rowling's 1999 sale of the film rights for the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million (US$2,000,000). A demand Rowling made was that the principal cast be kept strictly British and Irish wherever possible, such as Richard Harris as Dumbledore, allowing nonetheless for casting of French and Eastern European actors in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire where characters from the book are specified as such. Rowling was hesitant to sell the rights because she \\\"didn't want to give them control over the rest of the story\\\" by selling the rights to the characters, which would have enabled Warner Bros. to make non-author-written sequels. Although Steven Spielberg initially negotiated to direct the first film, he declined the offer. Spielberg contended that, in his opinion, there was every expectation of profit in making the film. He claims that making money would have been like \\\"shooting ducks in a barrel. It's just a slam dunk. It's just like withdrawing a billion\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21053503\",\n \"text\": \"is a Japanese actor and voice actor from Hyōgo Prefecture. He is represented by Himawari Theatre Group. He was the official Japanese voice dub-over artist for actor: Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley in the Harry Potter film series and for Daryl Sabara. Filmography TV Drama Hoshi ni Negai wo (NHK: 1998) Shin Ude ni Oboeari (NHK: 1998) Suki to Isshin Tasuke (NHK: 1999, 2000) Ichigen no Koto (NHK: 2000) Kowai Nichiyōbi (NTV: 2000) Oyaji. (TBS: 2000) Hikon Kazoku (Fuji-TV: 2001) Nemurenu Yoru wo Daite (TV Asahi: 2002) Anime Cyborg 009: The Cyborg Soldier (Pal) OVA Return to Neverland (Cubby) Back to the Conscience (Pinocchio) Video games Kingdom Hearts (Pinocchio, Flounder) Dubbing Live-action A.I. Artificial Intelligence (David (Haley Joel Osment)) Butterfly (Moncho) Cherrybomb (Malachy) The Cider House Rules (Homer Wells) The Cat in the Hat (Conrad) Don't Look Under the Bed (Darwin McCausland) Driving Lessons (Ben Marshall) Harry Potter Series as Ron Weasley (Rupert Grint) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Home Alone 4 (Kevin McCallister) The Kid (Rusty Duritz) Life Is Beautiful (Joshua) The Mummy Returns (Alex) Pearl Harbor (Danny as a child) The Santa Clause 2 (Curtis) Spy Kids (Juni Cortez (Daryl Sabara)) Spy Kids 2: Island of Lost Dreams (Juni Cortez (Daryl Sabara)) Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (Juni Cortez (Daryl Sabara)) Spy Kids 4-D (Juni Cortez) Thunderpants (Alan A. Allen) Wild Target (Tony) Animation Dragon Tales (Enrique) Return to Never Land (Cubby) Japanese Voice-Over Dragon Tales (Enrique) Pinocchio's Daring Journey (Pinocchio) Peter Pan's Flight (Cubby) CM Touyou Suisan References External links 1991 births Living people Japanese male child actors Japanese male video game actors Japanese male voice actors Male voice actors from Hyōgo Prefecture\",\n \"title\": \"Yūki Tokiwa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"27828864\",\n \"text\": \"Gabrielle Pietermann (born September 2, 1987 in Munich) is a German voice actress and Audiobook-Narrator. She is most famous for being the German dub-over artist of actresses Emma Watson, Selena Gomez, Anna Kendrick, Danielle Campbell, Meaghan Jette Martin, Emilia Clarke and for the German Voice as Tinker Bell for Mae Whitman. And in 2017 an audiobook publisher named der Hörverlag released a Novelization of Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) read by Gabrielle Pietermann (). Notable voice roles Emma Watson: as Hermione Granger (Hermine Granger) in: 2001: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Harry Potter und der Stein der Weisen) 2002: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Harry Potter und die Kammer des Schreckens) 2004: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Harry Potter und der Gefangene von Askaban) 2005: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Harry Potter und der Feuerkelch) 2007: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Harry Potter und der Orden des Phönix) 2009: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (Harry Potter und der Halbblutprinz) 2010: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (Harry Potter und die Heligtümer des Todes - Teil 1) 2011: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (Harry Potter und die Heiligtümer des Todes - Teil 2] 2007: as Pauline in: Ballet Shoes (Ballet Shoes) 2011: as Lucy in My Week with Marilyn (My Week with Marilyn) 2012: as Sam in The Perks of Being a Wallflower (Vielleicht lieber Morgen) 2013: as Emma Watson in This Is the End (Das ist das Ende) 2013: as Nicki The Bling Ring (The Bling Ring) 2017: as Belle in Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) - German: Die Schöne und das Biest (German singing voice: Julia Milena Scheeser) Selena Gomez: as Alex Russo in: 2007-2012: Wizards of Waverly Place (Die Zauberer vom Waverly Place) 2009: Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie (Die Zauberer vom Waverly Place - Der Film) 2013: The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex (Die Rückkehr der Zauberer vom Waverly Place) 2009: as Carter in Princess Protection Program (Prinzessinen Schutzprogramm) 2009: as Selena Gomez in Sonny With a Chance (Sonny Munroe) 2009: as Selena Gomez in Studio Disney Channel - Almost Live (Studio Disney Channel - Beinah Live) 2010: as Beezus in Ramona and Beezus (Schwesterherzen - Ramonas wilde Welt) 2011: as Grace/Cordelia in Monte Carlo (Plötzlich Star) 2012: as Faith in Spring Breakers (Spring Breakers) 2013: as The Kid in Getaway (Getaway) Anna Kendrick: as Jessica Stanley in: 2008: Twilight (Twilight - Bis(s) zum Morgengrauen) 2009: The Twilight Saga: New Moon (New Moon - Bis(s) zur Mittagsstunde) 2010: The Twilight Saga: Eclipse(Eclipse - Bis(s) zum Abendrot) Meaghan Jette Martin: as Tess Tyler in: 2008: Camp Rock (Camp Rock) 2010: Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam) 2011: as Bianca Stratford in 10 Things I Hate About You (10 Dinge die ich an dir hasse) Danielle Campbell: 2010: as Jessica Olson in StarStruck (StarStruck - Der Star der mich liebte) 2010: as\",\n \"title\": \"Gabrielle Pietermann\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17426709\",\n \"text\": \"The following is a list of films that were filmed wholly or partially in Oxford, England (often featuring the University of Oxford): Accident (1967) The Italian Job (1969) Heaven's Gate - Harvard commencement sequences shot in New College Lane, the Sheldonian Theatre and at Mansfield College in 1980. Another Country (1984) Oxford Blues (1984) Young Sherlock Holmes (1984) A Fish Called Wanda (1988) Howards End (1992) Shadowlands (1993) The Madness of King George (1994) True Blue (1996) The Saint (1997) Wilde (1997) The Red Violin (1998) Saving Private Ryan (1998) Mohabbatein (2000) (Bollywood film) 102 Dalmatians (2000) Quills (2000) Iris (2001) Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) Bhagam Bhag (2006) (Bollywood film) Blue Blood (2006) The History Boys (2006) The Golden Compass (2007) Salaam-e-Ishq (2007) (Bollywood film) Brideshead Revisited (2008) I Can't Think Straight (2008) The Oxford Murders (2008) An Education (2009) Alice in Wonderland (2010) Robinson in Ruins (2010) X-Men: First Class (2011) Desi Boyz (2011) Belle (2013) The Riot Club (2014) Doctor Strange (2016) Transformers: The Last Knight (2017) The Mummy (2017) Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018) Tolkien (2019) Saltburn (2023) References Oxford-related lists\",\n \"title\": \"List of films shot in Oxford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"69746253\",\n \"text\": \"Joanne Rowling, known by her pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British author and philanthropist. She has won numerous accolades for her Harry Potter book series, including general literature prizes, honours in children's literature and speculative fiction awards. The series has garnered multiple British Book Awards, beginning with the Children's Book of the Year in 1997 and 1998 for the first two volumes, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. In 2000 the third novel, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, was nominated for an adult award – the Whitbread Book of the Year – where it competed against a book by a Nobel prize laureate (Seamus Heaney's translation of Beowulf. The award body gave Rowling the children's prize instead (worth half the cash amount); some scholars view this as exposing a literary prejudice against children's books. Next followed the World Science Fiction Convention's 2001 Hugo Award for the fourth book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and the British Book Awards' adult prize – the 2006 Book of the Year – for the sixth novel, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Rowling's early career awards include the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to children's literature in 2000, and three years later, the Spanish Prince of Asturias Award for Concord. She won the British Book Awards' Author of the Year and Outstanding Achievement prizes over the span of the Harry Potter series. Following the series' completion, Time named Rowling a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year, citing the social, moral and political inspiration she gave the Harry Potter fandom. Two years later, she was recognised as a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur by French President Nicolas Sarkozy; leading magazine editors then named her the \\\"Most Influential Woman in the UK\\\" the following October. Later awards include the Freedom of the City of London in 2012 and for her services to literature and philanthropy, the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in 2017. Academic bodies have bestowed multiple honours on Rowling. She has received honorary degrees from the University of Aberdeen; the University of St Andrews; Dartmouth College; the University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh Napier University; the University of Exeter (which she attended) and Harvard University. Rowling spoke at Harvard's 2008 commencement ceremony; the same year, she also won University College Dublin's James Joyce Award. Her other honours include fellowship of the Royal Society of Literature (FRSL), the Royal Society of Edinburgh (HonFRSE) and the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCPE). Rowling's awards for film, theatre and crime fiction include the 2011 British Academy Film Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema for the Harry Potter film series, the 2017 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play for Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, and the 2021 British Book Awards' Crime and Thriller category for the fifth volume of her Cormoran Strike series. Literature General literature Speculative fiction Crime fiction Film and theatre Career awards\",\n \"title\": \"List of awards and nominations received by J. K. Rowling\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"558402\",\n \"text\": \"Roger Anthony Lloyd-Pack (8 February 1944 – 16 January 2014) was an English actor. He is best known for playing Trigger in Only Fools and Horses from 1981 to 2003, and Owen Newitt in The Vicar of Dibley from 1994 to 2007. He later starred as Tom in The Old Guys with Clive Swift. He is also well known for the role of Barty Crouch Sr. in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and for his appearances in Doctor Who as John Lumic in the episodes \\\"Rise of the Cybermen\\\" and \\\"The Age of Steel\\\". He was sometimes credited without the hyphen in his surname. He died in 2014 from pancreatic cancer. Early life Lloyd-Pack was born in Islington, London, the son of actor Charles Lloyd-Pack (1902–1983) and Ulrike Elisabeth (née Pulay, 1921–2000), an Austrian Jewish refugee who worked as a travel agent. His uncle was George Pulay, one of the secret listeners to German POW in Trent Park during World War II. He attended Bedales School near Petersfield in Hampshire, where he achieved A Level passes in English, French and Latin. He subsequently trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), graduating in 1965 with an Acting (RADA Diploma). Career Lloyd-Pack began his acting career at Northampton's Royal Theatre, making his stage debut in the Thomas Dekker play The Shoemaker's Holiday. He featured on an episode of The Professionals (Long Shot 1978) as a terrorist hitman. Only Fools and Horses On British television, he was best known for portraying \\\"Trigger\\\", Del Boy's slow-witted “Village idiot” friend in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses, from 1981 to 2003. Lloyd-Pack was cast by pure chance: an Only Fools and Horses executive producer, Ray Butt, hired him to portray Trigger after seeing him in a stage play, and had only attended that play to observe potential Del Boy actor Billy Murray. Later career He was also known for his role in The Vicar of Dibley as Owen Newitt and to international audiences his greatest fame was as Barty Crouch, Sr. in the film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. In addition, he had a semi-regular role during the 1990s as the plumber Jake \\\"The Klingon\\\" Klinger, Ben Porter's arch-rival, in the sitcom 2 point 4 children. In 2005, he appeared in the second series of ITV's Doc Martin as a farmer who held a grudge against Doctor Ellingham for what he believed was the malpractice-related death of his wife. In 2006, he played John Lumic and provided the voice of the Cyber-Controller in two episodes of Doctor Who, \\\"Rise of the Cybermen\\\" and \\\"The Age of Steel\\\", opposite David Tennant, who had played his son in the same Harry Potter film. Lloyd-Pack's final TV appearance was in Law & Order: UK as Alex Greene. He voiced the pre-match build-up montage video shown ahead of all Tottenham Hotspur's home matches which is still played today. In June 2008, he appeared as a guest on the BBC's The Politics Show,\",\n \"title\": \"Roger Lloyd-Pack\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"34873573\",\n \"text\": \"Afshin Zinouri (; born April 23, 1976) is an Iranian voice actor who is known for Persian voice-dubbing foreign films and TV programs. He was born in Tehran. He is known for dubbing over Elijah Wood's role as Frodo Baggins from The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and has also dubbed over some of Leonardo DiCaprio and Matt Damon's voice roles in films they starred in. He is also an actor and television host. Dubbing In Movies Live action films We're No Angels – Jim (Sean Penn) Good Will Hunting – Will Hunting (Matt Damon) Gladiator – Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) The Lord of the Rings film trilogy – Frodo Baggins (Elijah Wood) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban – Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire – Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix – Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe) The Bourne Supremacy – Jason Bourne (Matt Damon) The Man in the Iron Mask (1998 film) – Philippe/King Louis XIV (Leonardo DiCaprio) Blood Diamond – Daniel \\\"Danny\\\" Archer (Leonardo DiCaprio) The Departed – William \\\"Billy\\\" Costigan Jr. (Leonardo DiCaprio) Live action television All Saints Lost – Boone Carlyle (Ian Somerhalder) Emperor of the Sea The Kingdom of The Winds – Prince Dojin (Park Gun Hyung) References External links Afshin Zinouri's page on Iran-Dubbing (Persian) Afshin Zinouri at Namava 1976 births Living people Male actors from Tehran Iranian male film actors Iranian male voice actors Iranian male television actors Islamic Azad University alumni Iranian radio and television presenters\",\n \"title\": \"Afshin Zinouri\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"34624641\",\n \"text\": \"This is a list of child actors from the Republic of Ireland. Films and/or television series they appeared in are mentioned only if they were under the age of eighteen at the time of filming. Current child actors (under age eighteen) are indicated by boldface. B Emma Bolger (born 1996) In America (2002) Intermission (2003) Heidi (2005) Sarah Bolger (born 1991) In America (2002) Tara Road (2005) Stormbreaker (2006) The Spiderwick Chronicles (2007) The Tudors (2008) The Fence (2009) E Elizabeth Rebecca Edwin (c. 1771–1854), made her stage debut at age eight in Dublin. F Ciarán Fitzgerald (born 1983) Into the West (1992) Screen Two (1 episode, 1994) The Hanging Gale (1995) Nothing Personal (1995) Some Mother's Son (1996) The Last of the High Kings (1996) The Canterville Ghost (1996) The Informant (1997) The Boxer (1997) Seeing Things (short film, 1997) The General (1998) Gregg Fitzgerald (born 1978) War of the Buttons (1994) G Jack Gleeson (born 1992) Batman Begins (2005) Shrooms (2007) A Shine of Rainbows (2009) L Evanna Lynch (born 1991) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) M Devon Murray (born 1988) This Is My Father (1998) Angela's Ashes (1999) Yesterday's Children (2000) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) P Susie Power (born 2003) Fair City (2015–2017) Little Roy (2015–2017) A Date for Mad Mary (2016) R Saoirse Ronan (born 1994) Atonement (2007) I Could Never Be Your Woman (2007) Death Defying Acts (2008) City of Ember (2008) The Lovely Bones (2009) Hanna (2011) V Sophie Vavasseur (born 1992) Evelyn (2002) Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004) Northanger Abbey (2007) Becoming Jane (2007) The Old Curiosity Shop (2007) Exorcismus (2010) W Alisha Weir (born 2009) Don't Leave Home (2018) Day Out (short film, 2018) Darklands (5 episodes, 2019) Two by Two: Overboard! (voice, 2020) Fia's Fairies (voice, 2022) Matilda the Musical (2022) Wicked Little Letters (2023) Abigail (2024) List Ireland\",\n \"title\": \"List of Irish child actors\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4400426\",\n \"text\": \"HP4 or variant, may refer to: HP4, a postcode for Berkhamsted, see HP postcode area hP4, a Pearson symbol Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the fourth Harry Potter novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film), the fourth Harry Potter film Handley Page Type D a.k.a. H.P.4, an airplane HP-4, a glider designed by Richard Schreder HP4, a type of photographic stock, see Ilford HP HP4, a version of the BMW S1000RR produced between 2013 and 2014. See also HP (disambiguation)\",\n \"title\": \"HP4\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"36673746\",\n \"text\": \"James Shearman is an English conductor, orchestrator, and composer. He is perhaps best known for his contributions to film scores including those for Gosford Park, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Manchester by the Sea and numerous others. He has collaborated frequently with composer, Patrick Doyle. In addition to his conducting and orchestration, Shearman is also a songwriter, having co-written the title track from Charlotte Church's 2000 album, Dream a Dream (among other songs). He regularly conducts orchestras, including the London Symphony Orchestra, Philharmonia Orchestra, Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Qatar Philharmonic Orchestra. Early life and education Shearman was born and grew up in England. He attended the Royal Academy of Music where he was one of four students in the four-year BMus Commercial Music degree program, studying composition and conducting. In his last year of study at the academy, Shearman was commissioned to compose an original piece to honor film composer, John Williams. The composition (\\\"Metropolis — A Tribute to John Williams\\\") was premiered in June 1996 during the British and American Film Music Festival at the Royal Academy of Music with Williams in attendance. Shearman was made a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music in 2015. Career Soon after his graduation from the Royal Academy of Music, Shearman began providing orchestrations to film scores. He first collaborated with composer Patrick Doyle on the 1998 film Great Expectations. This led to Shearman providing orchestrations and arrangements for Doyle on another 1998 film, Quest for Camelot. This partnership eventually resulted in Shearman becoming Doyle's principal orchestrator and conductor. He has gone on to provide conducting, orchestration, and/or arrangements for Doyle's scores for Thor, Rise of the Planet of the Apes, Brave, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Cinderella, and numerous others. In 2012, Shearman arranged the Brave orchestral suite for a Pixar in Concert event. In 2015, he conducted a series of concerts across Europe and the United States with Doyle entitled Shakespeare in Concert. Over the course of his career, Shearman has also collaborated with numerous other composers including, Lesley Barber (Mansfield Park, Manchester by the Sea), Mark Isham (In The Valley of Elah, Reservation Road), Stephen Warbeck (Shakespeare in Love), Paul Cantelon (The Other Boleyn Girl), Jan A. P. Kaczmarek (Lost Souls), Alan Menken (Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin), and Hans Zimmer (Pearl Harbor). He has also conducted a variety of orchestras both through his work with film scores and through live concerts. He made his concert conducting debut in 2004 with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, leading a concert of A.R. Rahman compositions. In March 2014, he conducted the Ulster Orchestra for the first time with The Music of Patrick Doyle from the Films of Sir Kenneth Branagh. He made his Royal Festival Hall conducting debut with The Philharmonia Orchestra in October 2014. He has also conducted the London Symphony Orchestra, the Hollywood Studio Symphony, the Qatar Philharmonic Orchestra (at the 2017 Qatar British Festival), and numerous others.\",\n \"title\": \"James Shearman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"64562002\",\n \"text\": \"Bellatrix Lestrange () is a fictional character in the Harry Potter book series written by J. K. Rowling. She evolved from an unnamed peripheral character in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire into a major antagonist in subsequent novels. In the final installment of the story, Rowling established her as Lord Voldemort's \\\"last, best lieutenant\\\". Bellatrix was the first female Death Eater introduced in the books. Bellatrix had a fanatic obsession with the Dark Lord although she was clearly fearful of his magical abilities and absolute power over his forces. She is almost as sadistic and homicidal as Lord Voldemort, with a psychotic personality. She is portrayed by Helena Bonham Carter in the last four Harry Potter films, from Order of the Phoenix (2007) to Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). Name Her given name derives from Latin as the feminine form of the noun \\\"warrior\\\". Like many members of the Black family, Bellatrix is named after a celestial body or astronomic structure, in this case one of the brightest stars in the constellation Orion. Bellatrix's name has been translated into other languages in a variety of ways. Many of the changes accentuate the evil nature of her character, such as the Dutch \\\"Bellatrix van Detta\\\". Character background Bellatrix Black was born to Cygnus and Druella (Rosier) Black in 1951. Bellatrix is related by blood and marriage to many characters in the novels (although in the fifth book it is specified that all pure-blood families are related to each other): she has two younger sisters, Narcissa and Andromeda, and is first cousin to Sirius. She married Rodolphus Lestrange after leaving Hogwarts \\\"because it was expected of her\\\" to marry a pure-blood. However, Rowling stated in an interview that Bellatrix truly loved Voldemort. Andromeda married a Muggle-born, Ted Tonks, and was subsequently disowned by the Blacks, whereas Narcissa, conversely, married Lucius Malfoy, heir of a wealthy pure-blood family; thus, Bellatrix is the aunt of both Nymphadora Tonks and Draco Malfoy. At Hogwarts, she, along with her sisters, was sorted into Slytherin. It is suggested in the novels that, as a student, Bellatrix associated with a group of students – including Rodolphus Lestrange, Severus Snape, Avery, Evan Rosier and Wilkes – who nearly all became Death Eaters. It is assumed Bellatrix was at least initially drawn to Lord Voldemort because they both believe in an ideology that favors pure-blood wizards and witches over other members of the community. This elitism, shared by the Malfoy and Lestrange clans, was instilled in Bellatrix since childhood. The Black family motto, toujours pur (French for \\\"always pure\\\"), reflects this steadfast belief in blood purity. Bellatrix, her husband, and her brother-in-law, were active Death Eaters during Voldemort's rise to power, and evaded capture and suspicion until after the Dark Lord's downfall. Appearances Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire In this book, Rowling used Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve as a plot device to reveal that Bellatrix, rather than deserting her leader like many other Death Eaters, was\",\n \"title\": \"Bellatrix Lestrange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"23743992\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Selway (14 March 1936 – 21 April 2004) was an English casting director. Life Selway was born in Norwich in 1936, daughter of a cinema manager and impresario. At the age of 13 she enrolled at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in London to study acting. By 19 she had decided not to become an actress, and went to work as a production assistant at ITV before starting to work in casting, first under Miriam Brickman and then, from 1969, under Lindsay Anderson at the Royal Court Theatre in London. By the age of 34 she had started casting films, which she continued for the rest of her life. Career Selway worked with a number of renowned directors over three decades, including Steven Spielberg, Roman Polanski, Clint Eastwood, John Boorman, Sydney Pollack, Robert Altman, Michael Apted, Nicolas Roeg, Fred Schepisi, Fred Zinnemann and Ridley Scott. She was responsible for the casting of 104 films and gained a reputation for fairness, determination, charm, wisdom and irreverence. Selway was always seeking new acting talent, watching films from all over the world and attending fringe theatre performances. She was also a tireless champion of new actors she discovered and nurtured. Unusually, she would stay in touch with the cast throughout the shooting process. In the 2001 BAFTA Awards she won the Michael Balcon Award for outstanding British contribution to cinema. A biographical documentary entitled A Cast of Thousands: The Life of Mary Selway is being produced in celebration of her life. It is directed by Isabelle Gregson, who explained that it aims \\\"in its own small way to give those who didn't have the pleasure of knowing her, a taste for her enormous contribution to Cinema through the eyes and words of those who knew and loved her.\\\" The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Orange Rising Star Award for the best young actor is dedicated to the memory of Mary Selway. Selway's death in 2004 is acknowledged by a memorium at the end credits of the movie Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Films (selection) She directed the casting of many well-known films, including: Alien (1979) Outland (1981) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) Trail of the Pink Panther (1982) Return of the Jedi (1983) Curse of the Pink Panther (1983) Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) Top Secret! (1984) Aliens (1986) Withnail and I (1987) Gorillas in the Mist (1988) The Russia House (1990) King Ralph (1991) First Knight (1995) The Ghost and the Darkness (1996) Lost in Space (1998) Notting Hill (1999) Captain Corelli's Mandolin (2001) Enigma (2001) Gosford Park (2001) K-19: The Widowmaker (2002) The Sleeping Dictionary (2003) Love Actually (2003) Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) The Chronicles of Riddick (2004) Thunderbirds (2004) Enduring Love (2004) Vanity Fair (2004) The Libertine (2004) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) Personal life Selway was married to the actor Norman Rodway in January 1966. The couple parted\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Selway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"40602047\",\n \"text\": \"Shefali Chowdhury (born 20 June 1988) is a British actress best known for playing the role of Parvati Patil in the fourth, fifth, and sixth films in the Harry Potter film series. Career Chowdhury is known for her performances as Parvati Patil in three of the Harry Potter films, starting with 2005's Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. She acquired the role when she was in her last year at the Waverley School in Birmingham. She and Afshan Azad, who played the character of Chowdhury's twin sister Padma Patil, are also good friends, according to Azad. Filmography See also British Bangladeshi List of British Bangladeshis List of Harry Potter cast members References External links I Am The Doorway Rowney Brothers Site 1988 births Living people 21st-century British actresses Actresses from Birmingham, West Midlands Alumni of Birmingham City University British child actresses British film actresses British people of Bangladeshi descent People from Denbigh People from Sylhet Division 21st-century English women 21st-century English people\",\n \"title\": \"Shefali Chowdhury\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5166221\",\n \"text\": \"Norman Stuart Craig (born 14 April 1942) is a noted British production designer. He has also designed the sets, together with his frequent collaborator set decorator, the late Stephenie McMillan, on all of the Harry Potter films to date. Life and career At Potter author J. K. Rowling's request, he worked with Universal Creative team to design the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal's Islands of Adventure theme park. Rowling said in a December 2007 interview on the Potter podcast PotterCast, \\\"The key thing for me was that, if there was to be a theme park, that Stuart Craig … would be involved. … More than involved, that he would pretty much design it. Because I love the look of the films; they really mirror what’s been in my imagination for all these years\\\". He has been nominated for eleven Academy Awards, and has won three: in 1982 for Gandhi, in 1988 for Dangerous Liaisons, and in 1996 for The English Patient. He has been nominated for a BAFTA award sixteen times, including for the first six and last Potter films, and has won three times: in 1980 for The Elephant Man, in 2005 for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and in 2016 for Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Stuart Craig has been nominated for a BAFTA Award for six films in a row, namely the first six Harry Potter films. For his work on The English Patient, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2, Craig was nominated for an Art Directors Guild award and won the same for The English Patient and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2. The Guild has also honored Craig with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the awards ceremony on 16 February 2008. Filmography As art director A Bridge Too Far (1977) Superman (1978) As production designer Awards and nominations Academy Awards British Academy Film Awards References External links 1942 births Living people Best Art Direction Academy Award winners Best Production Design BAFTA Award winners British film designers Officers of the Order of the British Empire Alumni of Norwich University of the Arts\",\n \"title\": \"Stuart Craig\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3063165\",\n \"text\": \"The music of the Harry Potter film series was recorded and released in conjunction with the post-production and releases of each of the eight corresponding films. The scores were composed by John Williams, Patrick Doyle, Nicholas Hooper, and Alexandre Desplat. Though Williams only scored the first three films, several motifs that he created have been reprised and incorporated into the remaining scores, in particular \\\"Hedwig's Theme\\\", which can be heard in all eight films. Other musicians credited with writing the Harry Potter music include Jarvis Cocker, The Ordinary Boys, and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. Jeremy Soule and James Hannigan wrote the music for the Harry Potter video games. J. Scott Rakozy, Peter Murray, and Chuck E. Myers \\\"Sea\\\" composed the music for Hogwarts Legacy. Overview Themes and motifs Throughout the series, each composer created themes for particular characters, items, locations, and ideas. Several themes can be heard in films subsequent to the one they were written for, although very few lasted for the entire film series. First appearance in The Philosopher's Stone First appearance in The Chamber of Secrets First appearance in The Prisoner of Azkaban First appearance in The Goblet of Fire First appearance in The Order of the Phoenix First appearance in The Half-Blood Prince First appearance in The Deathly Hallows – Part 1 First appearance in The Deathly Hallows – Part 2 References Film music by media franchise Harry Potter lists Compositions by John Williams\",\n \"title\": \"Music of the Harry Potter films\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"36551734\",\n \"text\": \"Mafalda Martins da Silva Luís de Castro (Mafalda Luís de Castro or just Mafalda de Castro for short) is a Portuguese actress who acts out on Portuguese television programs that air on TVI and a few on SIC. She is also a voice actress, who voiced and dubbed characters in European Portuguese, mostly young and/or royal female characters. She is the official European Portuguese dub-over artist for British actress, Emma Watson, since she voiced her role as Hermione Granger throughout the Harry Potter films and the video game adaptations. Filmography Television She is an actress on CMTV's soap opera \\\"Someone Lost\\\" playing Leonor Mascarenhas. Voice Roles Video games Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (video game) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (video game) - Hermione Granger Dubbing Roles Live Action Films Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) - Hermione Granger (Emma Watson) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film) - Hermione Granger (Emma Watson) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film) - Hermione Granger (Emma Watson) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film) - Hermione Granger (Emma Watson) - Vanessa (Sarah Kim Gries) Mirror Mirror - Snow White (Lily Collins) Animated films Barbie as the Island Princess - The Tale of Despereaux - Princess Pea (replacing Emma Watson's voice) Battle for Terra - Hop - Samantha \\\"Sam\\\" O'Hare (replacing Kaley Cuoco's voice) (Live action and Animation) The Smurfs - One of the Smurf characters (Live action and Animation) Arthur Christmas - Animated Series Kitty Is Not a Cat - Kitty (Roslyn Oades) (Lauren Tom) References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) Portuguese voice actresses Living people Actresses from Lisbon Portuguese television actresses 21st-century Portuguese actresses\",\n \"title\": \"Mafalda Luís de Castro\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"36434466\",\n \"text\": \"Kathrin \\\"Kaddi\\\" Fricke, better known by her pseudonym Coldmirror, is a German YouTube creator and comedian. The pseudonym was inspired by the song \\\"Creatures That Kissed in Cold Mirrors\\\" by the band Cradle of Filth. She operates one of the most popular German YouTube channels, moderated radio and television programmes, and publishes blog and vlog entries. Early life Fricke was born and raised in Bremen and studied art history and philosophy at the University of Bremen. She finished her bachelor's degree in 2010 with a research paper about the production of video films and a film project about Internet and video game addiction. According to her own statements, she suffered from strong depression for domestic reasons. In an interview on the YouTube channel \\\"clixoom\\\" she explained that, among other things, the Harry Potter series and the desire to know how it would continue gave her energy and safeguarded her from suicide. However, she stated that this was not necessarily due to the books' exciting plots, but rather simply \\\"having something that you can look forward to.\\\" Kathrin Fricke began early, together with a friend, to record radio dramas, which laid the foundation of her creativity. In 2000 she joined the team of \\\"MixX\\\", a youth television broadcast, as voluntary editor. At this time she compiled her first own websites, where she, for example, published self-drawn pictures with fantasy plots. Her fan fictions with the characters of the Harry Potter series occupied a significant part of her website and stirred attention on the Internet. Video performance on YouTube The YouTube channel \\\"Coldmirror\\\" went online on 2 October 2006. The first videos consisted of archive material from Fricke's time as editor for \\\"MixX\\\". After this, Fricke created the videos for the most part alone. Her YouTube channel portrays a continuation of her earlier works in video form. Starting in fall 2006, Fricke re-dubbed three Harry Potter movies for comic effect: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in Harry Potter und ein Stein (i.e. Harry Potter and a Stone), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets in Harry Potter und der geheime Pornokeller (i.e. Harry Potter and the Secret Porn Cellar) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in Harry Potter und der Plastik Pokal (i.e. Harry Potter and the Plastic Cup). In her version, the protagonists make frequent use of taboo topics, foul language and references to Internet and pop culture. Fricke's YouTube account was temporarily deactivated because these re-dubs were considered copyright violations. Furthermore, she produced multiple music videos and albums portraying Albus Dumbledore as a gangsta rapper, called \\\"Fresh D\\\". In December 2015, she launched a podcast called \\\"5 Minuten Harry Podcast\\\" (5 Minutes Harry Podcast) in which she talks about 5 minutes each of the first Harry Potter movie and explores random facts about what it is seen in the sequences. It soon became one of the most successful podcasts in German. New episodes are posted irregularly on podcast platforms and her YouTube channel and often reach many\",\n \"title\": \"Coldmirror\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"30925582\",\n \"text\": \"Botond Előd (born 24 October 1984) is a Hungarian actor. He has an older brother named Álmos who is also a voice actor. Voice works Live-action shows CSI: Miami 7th Heaven Entourage Stargate Atlantis Hannah Montana Tierra de Pasiones Jericho NCIS Live action films Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix American Pie Presents: The Naked Mile Animated shows Naruto Uzumaki (Naruto, Animax edition) Bleach (manga) Full Metal Panic! Death Note Shaman King Kaleido Star Codename: Kids Next Door Love Com LaMB References External links Magyar Szinkron 1984 births Living people Hungarian male film actors Hungarian male voice actors 20th-century Hungarian male actors\",\n \"title\": \"Botond Előd\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"64482170\",\n \"text\": \"Cedric Diggory is a fictional character in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. He is one of the main characters in the fourth book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, as he represents Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Triwizard Tournament, alongside Harry Potter. Cedric is murdered by Peter Pettigrew on Lord Voldemort's orders during Voldemort's resurrection in Little Hangleton. Cedric's death becomes a point of trauma and guilt for Harry and continues to haunt him, which leads him to form Dumbledore's Army as a way to help teach his fellow students to protect themselves in battle. His death is also a focal point of the stage play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child. Cedric was portrayed by Robert Pattinson in the film adaptation of Goblet of Fire and was briefly portrayed by Joe Livermore in Prisoner of Azkaban. His voice is acted by Blake Ritson in the Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire video game. Fictional character biography Cedric Diggory first begins attending Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in 1989 and is sorted into Hufflepuff. It is presumed that Cedric was familiar with Fred and George Weasley as they were in the same year level. Cedric is also close with Cho Chang and the two are romantically involved. Eventually Cedric becomes a popular student and is elected as Seeker for the Hufflepuff Quidditch team, with him then becoming the team captain and a prefect in the same year. Prisoner of Azkaban Cedric first faces Harry Potter during the Quidditch tournament in Prisoner of Azkaban, and ends up catching the Golden Snitch after Harry faints in the presence of Dementors. Cedric offers to replay the match but the offer is declined by Gryffindor captain Oliver Wood, who feels that Diggory had won the game. Goblet of Fire The next year, Cedric and his father, Amos, attend the Quidditch World Cup alongside Harry, Hermione Granger and the Weasley family. Upon arriving at Hogwarts for his sixth year, Cedric puts his name forth in the Goblet of Fire and is selected as the Hogwarts champion alongside Fleur Delacour from Beauxbatons and Victor Krum from Durmstrang. Despite all three champions being chosen, the Goblet of Fire nominates Harry to become the fourth Triwizard Champion. Cedric remains kind to Harry whilst everyone else assumes Harry is lying when he asserts that he did not put his name in the Goblet of Fire. Despite having two champions from the school, the majority of Hogwarts students support Cedric, with students even creating enchanted badges that say \\\"Support Cedric Diggory, the Real Hogwarts Champion\\\". Cedric is opposed to the badges and tries to get his classmates not to wear them. In the first task, Harry gives Cedric a hand by informing him in advance that the task involves dragons. Cedric's dragon is a Swedish Short-Snout, from which he has to retrieve the Golden Egg it is guarding. Cedric achieves this by transfiguring a rock into a Labrador to distract the dragon whilst\",\n \"title\": \"Cedric Diggory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3381404\",\n \"text\": \"PotterCast is the official podcast of the Harry Potter fansite The Leaky Cauldron. Its episodes are posted once per month and are typically about an hour long. In every episode, the hosts discuss particular passages, themes, and questions from the Harry Potter books and films, and they go over the Potter-related news stories reported during the previous week by The Leaky Cauldron. The podcast often includes input from everyday Potter fans, but it has also featured numerous interviews with professionals involved in making the Potter books, films, and video games. PotterCast frequently hosts contests, and it has presented a variety of themed shows, including a special wizard rock video edition and an episode for Banned Books Week 2005, in which staff interviewed representatives from the American Library Association. It also covers breaking news, such as the press conference hosted by Warner Brothers before the release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. PotterCast was launched on August 22, 2005, and with episode 130 it became the first podcast to interview Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling. Segments Current regular segments Intro: A pre-recorded introduction of the show and its hosts by J. K. Rowling has been used since her appearance in episode 130. Previously, the introduction was recorded by Rupert Grint (episodes 112-129) and Matthew Lewis (for a few episodes prior to the release of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows). News: Led by rotating hosts. Replaced the Leaky Lowdown/Newswrap in September 2007, combining them into one segment relating and discussing the past week's Potter-related news updates. Formerly hosted by Sue Upton, but had a changed title due to Sue leaving the show in late 2009 (episode 211). Bit by Bit: Premiered in October 2007. In this segment, the hosts discuss Deathly Hallows a small piece at a time (usually less than a chapter each week), progressing through the book. Wrap-up: The hosts conclude the show, tie off loose ends, announce upcoming events or issue calls to listeners to send videos, voice-mails or other responses related to a given topic. Traditionally takes place over the background music of \\\"The Drums\\\" (actually popular jazz tune, \\\"Sing Sing Sing.\\\" Starting with episode 204, it was replaced with the similar \\\"Wizard Wheezes\\\" by Nicholas Hooper from Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince). Bloopers: An occasional short segment played after the close of the show, featuring an outtake from the episode's recording. Quick Fire Canon Conclundrums: An on-and-off segment in which the hosts discuss canon related topics. Irregular segments PotterCast Acting Troupe: A segment that will span multiple episodes, featuring voice actors performing a radio play written by a fanfiction author from \\\"The Sugar Quill.\\\" The story focuses on the next generation of Hogwarts students, including Harry Potter's children in a story called, \\\"Albus Potter and the Founder's Fountain\\\". Fan Thoughts: Premiered in October 2007. Voice messages from listeners with thoughts about the current or previous week's topics of discussion. Fan Interview (\\\"In the Fan Corner\\\"): An interview with a fan who has an\",\n \"title\": \"PotterCast\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4060482\",\n \"text\": \"Tolga Safer (born 26 June 1982) is a British actor who is known for playing Igor Karkaroff's Aide in the movie version of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Life and career Safer was born in London, to Turkish Cypriot parents. He started acting at the age of 7 in school plays and attended classes at the Sylvia Young Theatre School. Safer has appeared in various TV commercials for Pepsi and Korres, and The Red Cross, (Directed by Peter Webber). He has appeared in several TV episodes of BBC's Casualty and Doctors. His first main role was in the film Culture Menace which was a British independent movie before working on Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in a role created especially for him. Other notable film credits include Sugarhouse alongside Andy Serkis and Ashley Walters and Shoot on Sight. In 2017, Safer appeared alongside Dylan O'Brien in CBS Films' thriller American Assassin. At the Arcola Theatre, Safer performed in the controversial play 'Bintou' and then on 'Venezuela'. As well as the Arcola Theatre, Tolga Safer has also performed in plays such as Prayer Room at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre. and appeared at The Royal National Theatre. Filmography Theatre References External links Living people 1982 births British people of Turkish Cypriot descent Male actors from London English male film actors British people of Cypriot descent English male stage actors 21st-century English male actors\",\n \"title\": \"Tolga Safer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"811422\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Cormac Newell (born 28 March 1942) is an English film and television director and producer. He won the BAFTA for Best Direction for Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), which also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film, and directed the films Donnie Brasco (1997) and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). Early life Newell was born in St Albans, Hertfordshire, as the son of amateur actors, and was educated at St Albans School. He read English at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He then attended a three-year training course at Granada Television with the intention of entering the theatre. Career Newell directed various British TV shows from the 1960s onwards (such as Spindoe, credited as Cormac Newell, and Big Breadwinner Hog), but eventually shifted his focus to film direction. His first feature-length project was The Man in the Iron Mask (1977), a made-for-television film. His first critically acclaimed movie was Bad Blood (1981), concerning the 1941 manhunt for the New Zealand mass-killer Stan Graham played by Jack Thompson. This was followed by Dance with a Stranger (1985), a biographical drama starring Miranda Richardson as Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be hanged in the UK. For his directorial efforts, Newell won the Award of the Youth at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival. Newell continued his successes in the film industry with Enchanted April (1991), an adaptation of the 1922 novel by Elizabeth von Arnim. Miranda Richardson won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical and Joan Plowright won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture. During this period, George Lucas recruited Newell as one of the numerous feature film directors to direct episodes of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. The comedy Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) was also critically acclaimed, winning numerous awards, including a César Award (Best Foreign Film), a Golden Globe (Best Actor – Hugh Grant), and a number of London Critics Circle Film Awards (Best Director, Film, Producer, and Screenwriter). Since these award-winning productions, Newell has directed a number of films in Hollywood, such as Donnie Brasco (1997) (starring Al Pacino and Johnny Depp), Pushing Tin (1999) (starring John Cusack, Billy Bob Thornton, Cate Blanchett, and Angelina Jolie) and Mona Lisa Smile (2003) (starring Julia Roberts, Kirsten Dunst, and Julia Stiles). In 2005, Newell was presented with an honorary degree of Doctor of Arts by the University of Hertfordshire which has a campus in St Albans, his birthplace. He was also awarded the BAFTA Britannia Award for Artistic Excellence in Directing for his career prior to 2005. Newell became the first British director of the Harry Potter film series with the production of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, the fourth adaptation in the series, which became a major critical and financial success worldwide. Newell is heard briefly as the radio announcer at the beginning of the film. Newell directed Love in the Time of Cholera in 2007 and Prince of Persia: The\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Newell (director)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"36862831\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a novel by J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire may also refer to: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film), the novel's film adaptation, directed by Mike Newell Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (soundtrack), the soundtrack based on the film, composed by Patrick Doyle Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game), a video game based on the film\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (disambiguation)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2214244\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a 2005 action-adventure video game published by Electronic Arts. It is based on the 2005 film of the same name. The game was released for Game Boy Advance, GameCube, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and PlayStation Portable. It received mixed reviews from critics, with reviewers enjoying the scope of the spells and gameplay, but being less impressed by the short length, and the lack of free roaming components found in previous installments. Gameplay The game follows the events and characters of novel, and film, with the player controlling Harry Potter (voiced by Daniel Larner), Hermione Granger (Harper Marshall), and Ron Weasley (Gregg Chillin). The game uses an improved version of the group casting mechanic found in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Improved graphics mean the characters themselves more closely resemble their film counterparts than in previous games. Gameplay in the Goblet of Fire is much more action-orientated, which is a change from the puzzle and adventure elements found in previous games of the series. The game is split up into particular levels, rather than freeroaming around Hogwarts castle like in earlier games. Levels are played from parts of the novel the game is based on, with levels ranging from the Quidditch World cup, the Prefect's bathroom, and the Herbology greenhouses; which can be entered from the in-game \\\"pensieve\\\". The game also features modes outside of combat, including broomstick flying, and underwater swimming. In a first for the series, players can play the game with friends, and can combine their magic and spells to make them more powerful. Players can also capture moving beans using Accio and increase their power with collectors, creature, and character cards. The game is divided into several non-consecutive levels, some of which are locked at the beginning of the game until the player collects enough Triwizard Shields to unlock it. Reception Goblet of Fire received \\\"mixed or average\\\" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, where the GameCube and Nintendo DS were ported on November 26, 2005, Famitsu gave it a combined score of 28 out of 40 for the DS version; and 27 out of 40 for the GameCube version. Famitsu Cube + Advance gave both the DS and GameCube versions a score of 27 out of 40. Detroit Free Press gave the GameCube version all four stars and said, \\\"This is a masterful video game because it can be enjoyed on many levels. Younger players can simply explore this graphically rich Harry Potter world and succeed. Older players will enjoy manipulating the magic by choosing spells and skills and casting magic together with friends.\\\" However, The Sydney Morning Herald gave the game three stars out of five and stated that its highlight \\\"is a brief but thrilling broomstick chase against a fire-breathing dragon. An underwater interlude is less successful, although it provides variety.\\\" The PlayStation 2 version of The Goblet of Fire received a \\\"Platinum\\\" sales award from the\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"296645\",\n \"text\": \"Beauxbatons Academy of Magic (from French - \\\"beautiful wands\\\") is a French magic school in the fictional universe of Harry Potter created by the English writer J. K. Rowling. Description In the fourth book of the series, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000), students from Beauxbâtons arrive at Hogwarts to take part in the Triwizard Tournament. They arrive in a carriage, brought by winged Palomino horses. Beauxbâtons is described as a boarding school located in the Pyrenees mountains of southern France full of ice sculptures and forest nymphs. Beauxbatons has a preponderance of French students, though Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Luxembourgians and Belgians also attend in large numbers. The delegation is led by headmistress Madame Olympe Maxime, a half-giantess; despite her proportions, she is beautiful, graceful, and well-dressed. Also singled out is Fleur Delacour, the Beauxbâtons champion in the Triwizard Tournament, a beautiful girl with silvery hair who is a quarter-veela. Students Students of Beauxbâtons are described rather stereotypically, mainly as beautiful long-haired girls and attractive boys, in contrast with the serious and surly students from the Eastern European school Durmstrang. They have good manners and in general are positive, while the unpleasant appearance of Durmstrang students implies their dishonesty. Similarly, the carriage of the Beauxbâtons is well-lit and nice, while the ship, by which the students of Durmstrang arrive, is gloomy. They speak French and stereotypical, heavily accented English. Jean-François Ménard, the translator of Harry Potter into French, wrote Madame Maxime as arrogant with very correct, aristocratic speech, while Fleur's tone was more distrustful. Ménard made these choices because \\\"you cannot write French with a French accent\\\". In the screen adaptation Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Beauxbâtons students are all female and Durmstrang students are all male, in contrast to the books which portray both schools as co-educational. Criticism The portrayal of the two foreign schools has been criticized as stereotypical. On the whole, the students of Beauxbâtons, just as the students of Durmstrang, are homogeneous, not showing the cultural diversity of Hogwarts. The contrast between Durmstrang and Hogwarts can be interpreted as an allusion to the war of the West with the bad from the East, as described in the gothic fiction of the fourteenth century, and contrast between Beauxbâtons and Hogwarts as an allusion to the competition between the reasonable and decent Great Britain and the licentious and decadent France. It has been argued that the appearance on the foreground of these old conflicts allows J K. Rowling to sublimate them, and to make them irrelevant to modern readers. References Literature Fictional elements introduced in 2000 Fiction about magic schools Harry Potter organisations France in fiction\",\n \"title\": \"Beauxbatons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10447050\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter related topics include: The original books The Harry Potter books are 7 novels about a boy who learns he is a famous wizard: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone—published as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Films , there are eleven motion picture adaptions based on the world, characters and books created by J. K. Rowling. There are eight motion picture adaptations of the Harry Potter novels by J. K. Rowling; the final novel is split into two cinematic parts. While the remaining motion picture adaptions are inspired by both the companion book Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them as well has original content developed by JK Rowling. Seven of the eight screenplays were written by Steve Kloves. The fifth was penned by Michael Goldenberg. All three Fantastic Beasts films were written by JK Rowling. David Heyman has produced the franchise, which has seen four different directors. All eleven films are distributed by Warner Bros. In 2016, a spin-off of and prequel to the Harry Potter film series titled Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was released. A sequel to Fantastic Beasts entitled Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald was released in 2018. In April 2022 the third part Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore was released. Two more instalments of the Fantastic Beasts series are tentatively planned for release. Wizarding World - The shared universe of the Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts film series Harry Potter (film series) List of Harry Potter cast members Directed by Chris Columbus: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) (known in the United States as \\\"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\\\") Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film) Directed by Alfonso Cuarón: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film) Directed by Mike Newell: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film) Directed by David Yates: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Fantastic Beasts (film series) List of Fantastic Beasts cast members List of Fantastic Beasts characters Directed by David Yates: Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film) Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore Music Music of the Harry Potter films Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone soundtrack Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets soundtrack Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban soundtrack Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire soundtrack Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix soundtrack Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince soundtrack\",\n \"title\": \"Outline of Harry Potter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"34495377\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Coulier (born 1964) is a British make-up artist and prosthetic makeup expert. He has received three Academy Awards for The Iron Lady (2011), The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), and Poor Things (2023). He also received two Primetime Emmy Awards for Merlin (1998) and Arabian Nights (2000). Career Coulier has worked in the Harry Potter film series, X-Men and The Mummy Returns. He and J. Roy Helland won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair for The Iron Lady (2011). Coulier received his second Oscar for the film The Grand Budapest Hotel at the 87th Academy Awards. He received his third Oscar for the film Poor Things at the 96th Academy Awards. His win was shared with Frances Hannon. Filmography Film The Mummy Returns (2001) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) X-Men: First Class (2011) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011) The Iron Lady (2011) World War Z (2013) Dracula Untold (2014) The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) In the Heart of the Sea (2015) Spectre (2015) Suspiria (2018) Pinocchio (2019) Elvis (2022) Poor Things (2023) Television Merlin (miniseries) (1998) Arabian Nights (Miniseries) (2000) Jason and the Argonauts (2000) Awards and nominations References External links Mark Coulier's Coulier Creatures, website 1964 births Living people British make-up artists Best Makeup Academy Award winners Best Makeup BAFTA Award winners Primetime Emmy Award winners People from Leyland, Lancashire\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Coulier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"54639882\",\n \"text\": \"Jaana Marjatta Kapari-Jatta (born 19 May 1955, in Turku) is a Finnish translator of fiction, best known for her Finnish-language renderings of the Harry Potter novels and supplementary books by J. K. Rowling, including Harry Potter and the Cursed Child. In her translations of Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and Quidditch Through the Ages, she used the pseudonym “Kurvaa Aka (Whoss Gue)”. Kapari-Jatta has also translated several other English-language authors, like Edgar Allan Poe, Oscar Wilde, and Roald Dahl, into Finnish. Among the awards she has received are the Astrid Lindgren Prize of the International Federation of Translators in 2002 and the Finnish State Prize for Children's Culture in 2007. In 2014 she received the J. A. Hollo Prize for her translation of Virginia Woolf’s book The Death of the Moth and Other Essays. In 2022, she received a honoris causa doctorate from the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Helsinki. In 2008, she published a fact book, Pollomuhku ja Posityyhtynen, where she discusses translating the Harry Potter novels. Kapari-Jatta is married and has three children and also grandchildren. She resides in Loviisa, Finland, and in Serekunda, Gambia. Translated books Harry Potter books by J. K. Rowling Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Quidditch Through the Ages The Tales of Beedle the Bard Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them: The Original Screenplay Other books (selection) The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar and Six More by Roald Dahl Nancy Drew series by Carolyn Keene Collected Stories by Edgar Allan Poe Ottoline and the Yellow Cat by Chris Riddell Holes by Louis Sachar Diana: The Last Year by Donald Spoto Mr Gum series by Andy Stanton Mary Poppins by P. L. Travers The Happy Prince and Other Stories by Oscar Wilde References 1955 births Finnish translators Translators to Finnish Harry Potter in translation Writers from Turku Translators from English Living people Finnish expatriates Expatriates in the Gambia 20th-century translators 21st-century translators\",\n \"title\": \"Jaana Kapari-Jatta\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2269923\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen Keith Kloves (born March 18, 1960) is an American screenwriter, director and producer. He wrote and directed the film The Fabulous Baker Boys and is mainly known for his screenplay adaptations of novels, especially for all but one of the Harry Potter films (the exception being The Order of the Phoenix) and for Wonder Boys, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. Life and career Kloves, born in Austin, Texas, grew up in Sunnyvale, California, where he graduated from Fremont High School. He attended the University of California, Los Angeles but dropped out when he was not admitted into the film school in his third year. As an unpaid intern for a Hollywood agent, he gained attention for a screenplay he wrote called Swings. This led to a meeting where he successfully pitched Racing with the Moon (1984). His first experience with professional screenwriting left him wanting more interaction with the actors so that the characters would stay true to his vision. Kloves wrote The Fabulous Baker Boys and also intended it to be his directorial debut. After years of trying to sell the project in Hollywood, the film finally got off the ground and was released in 1989. The Fabulous Baker Boys did reasonably well and was critically acclaimed, but his next shot as writer/director for Flesh and Bone in 1993 fared poorly at the box office. Kloves then stopped writing for three years. Realizing that he had to return to writing to support his family, he began adapting Michael Chabon's novel Wonder Boys into a screenplay. Kloves was offered the chance to direct but he declined, preferring to direct only his own original work. This was his first try at adapting another work to film. His screenplay was nominated for a Golden Globe and an Academy Award after the film's release in 2000. Warner Bros. sent Kloves a list of novels that the company was considering to adapt as films. The listing included the first Harry Potter novel, which intrigued him despite his usual indifference to these catalogs. He went on to write the screenplays for the first four films in the series. However, he turned down writing the fifth film, stating that \\\"The fourth film, Goblet of Fire, was really hard to do. I wrote on it for two years. But it’s not that simple and I don't know that I'll ever fully understand why I didn't do it.\\\" After Michael Goldenberg wrote the screenplay for the fifth film, Kloves then returned to write the sixth, seventh and eighth installments. In 2011, Kloves was attached to work on a film adaptation of Mark Haddon's novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time. Since 2016, Kloves produced the Fantastic Beasts films, a spinoff prequel series to the main Harry Potter series. Kloves co-wrote the third installment with J.K. Rowling. Kloves produced the Andy Serkis-directed movie, Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle. His daughter, Callie, wrote the screenplay. Kloves is now\",\n \"title\": \"Steve Kloves\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"26333130\",\n \"text\": \"Harper Page Marshall is an English voice actress. She is known for her role as Hermione Granger in the video games of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. She also provided the voice for Malice: A Kat's Tale. Filmography Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) - Hermione Granger Malice: A Kat's Tale (2004) - Additional voices Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) - Hermione Granger Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) - Hermione Granger References External links Living people English video game actresses Year of birth missing (living people) Actresses from London\",\n \"title\": \"Harper Marshall\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"906492\",\n \"text\": \"The Harry Potter fandom is the community of fans of the Harry Potter books and films who participate in entertainment activities that revolve around the series, such as reading and writing fan fiction, creating and soliciting fan art, engaging in role-playing games, socialising on Harry Potter-based forums, and more. The fandom interacts online as well as offline through activities such as fan conventions, participating in cosplay, tours of iconic landmarks relevant to the books and production of the films, and parties held for the midnight release of each book and film. By the fourth Harry Potter book, the legions of fans had grown so large that considerable security measures were taken to ensure that no book was purchased before the official release date. Harry Potter is considered one of the few four-quadrant, multi-generation spanning franchises that exist today, despite Rowling's original marketing of the books to tweens and teens. Pottermania Pottermania is an informal term first used around 1999 describing the craze Harry Potter fans have had over the series. Fans held midnight parties to celebrate the release of the final four books at bookstores which stayed open on the night leading into the date of the release. In 2005, Entertainment Weekly listed the midnight release of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as one of \\\"Entertainment's Top Moments\\\" of the previous 25 years. Diehard fans of the series are called \\\"Potterheads\\\". Some even theme their weddings around Harry Potter. A Bridal Guide featured two real weddings soon before the release of the final film, which quickly spread through the fandom via Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr. The craze over the series was referenced in Lauren Weisberger's 2003 novel The Devil Wears Prada as well as its 2006 film adaptation. In the story, the protagonist Andrea Sachs is ordered to retrieve two copies of the next instalment in the series for her boss's twins before they are published so that they can be privately flown to France, where the twins and their mother are on holiday. Some celebrity fans of Harry Potter include Lily Allen, Guillermo del Toro, Ariana Grande, Stephen King, Keira Knightley, Jennifer Lawrence, Evanna Lynch, Barack Obama, Simon Pegg, ASAP Rocky, Seth Rogen, and Matt Smith. Fan sites There are many fan web sites about Harry Potter on the Internet, the oldest ones dating to about 1997 or 1998. One of the most famous sites allows fans of the book an opportunity to be sorted into a house themselves. J. K. Rowling has an open relationship with her fan base, and since 2004 periodically hands out a \\\"fan site award\\\" on her official web site. The first site to receive the award was Immeritus, a fan site mostly devoted to Sirius Black, and about which Rowling wrote, \\\"I am so proud of the fact that a character, whom I always liked very much, though he never appeared as much more than a brooding presence in the books, has gained a passionate fan-club.\\\" In 2004, after Immeritus, Rowling\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter fandom\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1782867\",\n \"text\": \"Stanislav Yanevski (; born Stanislav Rumenov Yanevski, ; on 16 May 1985) is a Bulgarian actor best known for playing Viktor Krum in the 2005 fantasy film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Yanevski was born in Sofia. He lived in England for five years as well as in Israel. While attending Mill Hill School in the United Kingdom with fellow Harry Potter actor Harry Melling, Ianevski had no particular acting aspirations and was not a drama student. He had only auditioned for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire after being spotted by Fiona Weir, a casting director who prompted him to attend an acting workshop, which resulted in his casting as Viktor Krum, a Bulgarian character in the Harry Potter series. He was selected from 650 others, most of whom had auditioned in Sofia. He also starred in Hostel: Part II, the sequel to Eli Roth's film Hostel. Film Television References External links 1985 births Bulgarian male film actors Living people People educated at Mill Hill School Male actors from Sofia Bulgarian expatriates in the United Kingdom 21st-century Bulgarian male actors Bulgarian male television actors Bulgarian emigrants to England\",\n \"title\": \"Stanislav Ianevski\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"25845623\",\n \"text\": \"The Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Family Film is a retired award that was handed out from 1995 to 2007. List of winners and nominees 1990s 1995: Babe 1996: Fly Away Home 1997: Anastasia 1998: A Bug's Life 1999: October Sky 2000s 2000: My Dog Skip Dr. Seuss' How The Grinch Stole Christmas The Family Man Remember the Titans 2001: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone The Princess Diaries Spy Kids 2002: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets The Rookie Tuck Everlasting 2003: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Freaky Friday Holes Peter Pan Whale Rider 2004: Finding Neverland Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Miracle Spider-Man 2 2005: The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire 2006: Charlotte's Web Akeelah and the Bee Flicka Lassie Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest 2007: Enchanted August Rush The Golden Compass Hairspray Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix External links Official BFCA website F de:Broadcast Film Critics Association fr:Critics Choice Awards it:Broadcast Film Critics Association vi:BFCA zh:廣播影評人協會\",\n \"title\": \"Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Family Film\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"43000727\",\n \"text\": \"Henry Lloyd-Hughes (born 1985) is an English actor. He is known for his roles in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005), Unrelated (2007), The Inbetweeners (2008–2010), Miliband of Brothers (2010), Weekender (2011), Anna Karenina (2012), Parade's End (2012), and Indian Summers (2015). As of 2018 he voices Flynn Fairwind in World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth. In 2021, he appeared as Sherlock Holmes in the Netflix series, The Irregulars. Personal life Lloyd-Hughes was born in 1985 in the United Kingdom, the son of actress Lucy Appleby (A Stitch in Time) and Timothy Lloyd-Hughes, who worked for Deutsche Bank. He has two younger brothers, record executive Theo Lloyd-Hughes and actor Ben Lloyd-Hughes. Both Henry and Ben acted in Miliband of Brothers. Fred Macpherson, lead singer of the band Spector, and formerly of Les Incompétents and Ox.Eagle.Lion.Man, is his cousin. Hughes and his family are all supporters of west London football club Queens Park Rangers. Career Lloyd-Hughes first appeared in the TV series Murphy's Law in 2004 before playing Roger Davies in the 2005 film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. He then appeared in Joanna Hogg's film Unrelated in 2007 alongside Tom Hiddleston. From 2008 to 2010 he played school bully Mark Donovan in the British sitcom The Inbetweeners. He reprised the role in the film The Inbetweeners Movie in 2011. In 2010, he portrayed former British Labour Party politician David Miliband in the TV film documentary Miliband of Brothers. In 2011, he starred in the film Dimensions as Stephen, a brilliant young scientist who lives in England in the 1920s. The same year, he appeared in the film Weekender about the 1990 Manchester rave scene. In the 2012 epic romantic drama film Anna Karenina, he played Burisov alongside Keira Knightley and Aaron Taylor-Johnson. In 2013, he starred in the film Hello Carter with Jodie Whittaker. Lloyd-Hughes played Charles Bovary in the drama film Madame Bovary with Mia Wasikowska in the title role and which was released in 2014. Theatre Lloyd-Hughes has appeared in numerous theatre productions, including Rope, The Miracle, Punk Rock, and The Changeling. In 2012, he starred as Dimitri Mitropoulos in the play Posh, which played at the Duke of York's Theatre. Michael Billington of The Guardian said of Lloyd-Hughes's performance that he \\\"impresses as a wealthy Greek who aims to be more English than the English\\\". Filmography Film Television Theatre Radio Video games References External links 21st-century English male actors 1985 births Living people English male television actors English male stage actors English male film actors English male radio actors English male video game actors English male voice actors Male actors from London People from Westminster People educated at St Paul's School, London Actors from the City of Westminster\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Lloyd-Hughes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16885964\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Potter is a series of novels written by J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter may also refer to other parts of the franchise: Harry Potter (character), the titular main character in Harry Potter media Harry Potter (film series), the David Heyman-produced film series based on the Rowling novels Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film) Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 Harry Potter (TV series), an upcoming television series Wizarding World, the media franchise based on the Harry Potter books Fictional universe of Harry Potter, the shared fictional universe in which the Harry Potter novels, films and other media are set Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, a 2016 theatrical play following up on the character Others Harry Potter (journalist) (1941–2014), Australian television journalist and crime reporter Harry Potter (rugby union) (born 1997), English-born Australian rugby union player Harry Potter Jr. and Harry Potter Sr., the name of two characters in the 1986 film Troll See also List of Harry Potter-related topics Henry Potter (disambiguation) Harold Potter (disambiguation) Harrison Potter (1891-1984), American musician Harry Porter (1882-1965), American high jumper Potter, Harry\",\n \"title\": \"Harry Potter (disambiguation)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"469706\",\n \"text\": \"Chris Rankin is a New Zealand-born British actor, director, and producer who is best known for playing Percy Weasley in the Harry Potter film franchise. Early life Rankin was adopted by unbiological parents. Rankin lived in Rothesay Bay until he was six, attending Kristin School in Albany. He and his parents subsequently moved to Norfolk in the United Kingdom, where he attended Northgate High School in Dereham. His mother, Marilyn Rankin works at a school, among other things. Career Rankin began acting at the age of eleven. He attended Shipdham Primary School, Northgate High School, and Dereham Sixth Form College. At Northgate High School he appeared in school plays of Bugsy Malone and The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe. His professional acting career began when he won the role of Percy Weasley in September 2000 and he has since appeared in film, TV and theatre. In the Harry Potter series, he is a brother of Harry Potter's best friend, Ron Weasley. Rankin is the co-founder of a theatre company, Painted Horse UK. He re-appeared in the final two films of the Harry Potter film franchise, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2, after his character's absence from Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, and only a brief non-speaking role in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Outside of the Harry Potter films, Rankin has also been seen in the TV mini-series The Rotters' Club and Channel 5's Victoria Cross Heroes in which he played Evelyn Wood. In 2002 he worked as an usher at UCI Cinemas. On stage, Chris has played a variety of roles in pantomimes across the country, as well as Edgar Linton in Wuthering Heights, Eilert Loevborg in Hedda Gabler, and Young Syrian in Salomé. In 2009, Rankin starred in and produced a YouTube video titled \\\"LifeHack\\\", directed by Thomas \\\"TomSka\\\" Ridgewell, in which he played a vigilante hacker who accesses people's personal photos to find a missing woman. He also appeared as Mycroft Holmes in the Hillywood Show's \\\"Sherlock\\\" parody in 2016. He completed his study at the University of Lincoln in 2011. Rankin now works in television and film production since 2011 and is credited as production secretary on \\\"Atlantis\\\" (Urban Myth Films/BBC Wales). Film, television and stage References External links Chris' MySpace English male film actors English male stage actors English male television actors Living people Male actors from Auckland 21st-century English male actors Male actors from Norfolk New Zealand emigrants to the United Kingdom New Zealand expatriates in England 21st-century New Zealand male actors New Zealand male film actors New Zealand male television actors New Zealand male stage actors New Zealand adoptees People educated at Kristin School Alumni of the University of Lincoln\",\n \"title\": \"Chris Rankin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"29008505\",\n \"text\": \"David Barron is a British film producer, best known for his involvement in the Harry Potter film series. Career Barron has worked in the entertainment industry for more than 25 years, beginning his career in commercials before moving into television and film production. He has held a wide range of posts, including location manager, assistant director, production manager and production supervisor, working on such films as The French Lieutenant's Woman, The Killing Fields, Revolution, Legend, The Princess Bride and Franco Zeffirelli's Hamlet. In 1991, Barron was appointed executive in charge of production on George Lucas' ambitious television project The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. The following year, he served as the line producer on the feature The Muppet Christmas Carol. In 1993, Barron joined Kenneth Branagh's production team as associate producer and unit production manager on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. That film began an association with Branagh, with Barron going on to produce the director's films A Midwinter's Tale, Hamlet and Love's Labour's Lost. Barron also produced Oliver Parker's Othello, in which Branagh starred with Laurence Fishburne. In spring 1999, he formed his own company, Contagious Films, with British director Paul Weiland. Barron more recently launched Runaway Fridge Films and Beagle Pug Films. He worked as a producer on Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2. He previously served as a producer on Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. He was also an executive producer on both Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Filmography Producer Othello (1995) In the Bleak Midwinter (1995) Hamlet (1996) Love's Labours Lost (2000) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007) Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) Page Eight (2011) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011) Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014) Frank (2014) Cinderella (2015) The Legend of Tarzan (2016) Breathe (2017) Terminal (2018) Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle (2018) Escape from Pretoria (2020) Emily (2022) Executive producer It Was an Accident (2000) Possession (2002) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) Possession (2002) Production supervisor Revolution (1985) The Princess Bride (1987) The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne (1987) Strapless (1989) Nightbreed (1990) Other credits References External links British film producers Living people People from South Oxfordshire District 1959 births\",\n \"title\": \"David Barron (film producer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5897241\",\n \"text\": \"Sevin Okyay (Istanbul, 1942) is a Turkish literary critic, journalist, author, regular columnist and a prolific translator. Sevin had been a radio host and a teacher as well. Biography She is a graduate of the Arnavutköy American Girl's (High) School. During her youth she worked with Yıldız Moran, the first formally educated female photographer in Turkey. Okyay is best known for translating the Harry Potter books, and for her positive and appreciative criticism in Radikal, a Turkish newspaper. Her son, Kutlukhan Kutlu, is also following his mother's footsteps and is accompanying her in translating the Harry Potter series. Okyay has been translating since 1963. She started working as a journalist in 1976. She writes mainly about cinema, literature, jazz and sports. She is hailed as a milestone of modern translation in Turkey. She used to have two cats who were twins, named after the Weasley twins. A serious jazz aficionado, she was the host of a radio show in Turkey, and her playlist included mainly jazz standards. Selected bibliography Ilk Romanim (My First Novel) novel, 1996 120 Filmde Seyriâlem (A Cinema Tour in 120 Films) selected movie critiques, 1996 Çiçek Dürbünü (Kaleidoscope) collected essays, 1998 Selected translations Tales of the Early World, by Ted Hughes Ilk Dünya Hikayeleri YKY, 1999, Delights of Turkey, by Edouard Roditi Türkiye Tatlari, YKY, 1999, Raise High the Roof-Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction, by J.D. Salinger Yükseltin Tavan Kirisini, Ustalar ve Seymour - bir Giris, with Coskun Yerli, YKY, 1999, Animal Farm, by George Orwell Hayvanlar Çiftliği, YKY 2000 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Sirlar Odasi, YKY 2001, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Azkaban Tutsagi, with K. Kutlu, YKY 2001, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Ates Kadehi, with K. Kutlu, YKY 2001, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them?, by J.K. Rowling Fantastik Canavlar Nelerdir, Nerelerde Bulunurlar?, with Gül Sarioglu, YKY 2002, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Zümrüdüanka Yoldasligi, with K. Kutlu, YKY 2003, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, by J.K. Rowling Harry Potter ve Melez Prens, with K. Kutlu, YKY 2005, External links A collection of her critiques (in Turkish) An article in English by Okyay on the 9th Flying Broom International Women's Film Festival References 1942 births Living people Turkish translators Translators from English Translators to Turkish Harry Potter in translation Writers from Istanbul Turkish women writers\",\n \"title\": \"Sevin Okyay\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Leavesden Film Studios"],"string":"[\n \"Leavesden Film Studios\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":47,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_45986"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"how many seats are there in the legislative assembly of ontario"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"70958165","text":"The 44th Ontario general election is tentatively scheduled to be held on June 4, 2026. As of December 2016, Ontario elections are held on the first Thursday in June in the fourth calendar year following the previous general election, unless the Legislative Assembly of Ontario is dissolved earlier by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario due to advice from the Premier of Ontario, a motion of no confidence or the failure of the Assembly to grant supply. Such a dissolution is unlikely as the current government has a majority. Standings |- !rowspan=\"2\" colspan=\"2\" align=left|Party !rowspan=\"2\" align=left|Party leader !colspan=\"2\" align=center|Seats |- !align=\"center\"|2022 !align=\"center\"|Current |align=left|Doug Ford |83 |80 |align=left|Marit Stiles |31 |28 |align=left|Bonnie Crombie |8 |9 |align=left|Mike Schreiner |1 |2 | colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | Independent |1 |5 |- | | colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | Vacant |0 |0 |- |align=left colspan=\"3\"|Total | align=\"right\"|124 | align=\"right\"|124 |} Timeline 2022 June 2: The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario under Doug Ford won a second majority government in the 43rd Ontario general election. New Democratic Party leader Andrea Horwath and Liberal leader Steven Del Duca both announce their resignation on election night. June 28: Toronto—Danforth MPP Peter Tabuns was named interim leader of the NDP, becoming Leader of the Official Opposition. August 3: Ottawa South MPP John Fraser was named interim leader of the Liberals. 2023 February 4: Marit Stiles was declared leader of the NDP, and became Leader of the Official Opposition. December 2: Bonnie Crombie was elected leader of the Liberals. 2024 Ridings The Electoral Boundaries Act, 2015 increased the number of electoral districts from 107 to 122, following the boundaries set out by the federal 2013 Representation Order for Ontario, while preserving the special boundaries of the 11 seats in Northern Ontario set out in the 1996 redistribution. The Far North Electoral Boundaries Commission, appointed in 2016, recommended the creation of the additional districts of Kiiwetinoong and Mushkegowuk—James Bay, carved out from the existing Kenora—Rainy River and Timmins—James Bay ridings, which accordingly raised the total number of seats to 124. This was implemented through the Representation Statute Law Amendment Act, 2017. With the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, Ontario has been allotted 1 additional seat in the House of Commons, which could potentially increase the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Opinion polls References Opinion poll sources External links Elections Ontario Next","title":"44th Ontario general election"},{"docid":"1587208","text":"The 1963 Ontario general election was held on September 25, 1963, to elect the 108 members of the 27th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or \"MPPs\") of the Province of Ontario. The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, led by John Robarts, who had replaced Leslie Frost as PC leader and premier in 1961, won a seventh consecutive term in office, and maintained its majority in the legislature, increasing its caucus from the 71 members elected in the previous election to 77 members in an enlarged legislature. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by John Wintermeyer, increased its caucus from 22 to 24 members, although Wintermeyer lost his seat of Waterloo North. He resigned as party leader but the Liberals continued in their role of official opposition. Robert Gibson of Kenora was re-elected as a Liberal-Labour MPP sitting with the Liberal caucus. The social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation was formally dissolved and succeeded by the Ontario New Democratic Party in 1961. The newly conglomerated party was still led by Donald C. MacDonald, and won two additional seats, for a total of seven. The Social Credit Party of Ontario split into two factions mirroring the split in the federal party. The official Social Credit party ran candidates in three rural ridings while the more radical Social Credit Action faction ran candidates in six ridings in Toronto. Expansion of Legislative Assembly The size of the Legislative Assembly was increased from 98 to 108 members, through the reorganization of Toronto's suburban ridings: Results |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=5 | MPPs ! colspan=3 | Votes |- ! Candidates !1959 !Dissol. !1963 !± !# !% ! ± (pp) |style=\"text-align:left;\"|John Robarts |108 |71 | |77 |6 |1,052,740 |48.61% |2.46 |style=\"text-align:left;\"|John Wintermeyer |107 |21 | |23 |2 |754,032 |34.82% |1.44 |style=\"text-align:left;\"|Donald C. MacDonald |97 |5 | |7 |2 |340,208 |15.71% |0.96 |style=\"text-align:left;\"| |1 |1 | |1 | |6,774 |0.31% |0.04 |style=\"text-align:left;\"| |1 |– |– |– | |5,190 |0.24% |0.13 |style=\"text-align:left;\"| |7 |– |– |– | |2,759 |0.13% |0.09 |style=\"text-align:left;\"| |9 |– |– |– | |2,313 |0.11% |0.02 |style=\"text-align:left;\"| |6 |– |– |– | |1,654 |0.08% |0.15 |style=\"text-align:left;\"| |1 |– |– |– | |103 |– | |style=\"text-align:left;\"| | |– |– |– | |colspan=\"3\"|did not campaign |style=\"text-align:left;\"| | |– |– |– | |colspan=\"3\"|did not campaign |colspan=\"3\"| | |colspan=\"5\"| |-style=\"background:#E9E9E9;\" |colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:left;\"|Total |337 |98 |98 |108 | |2,165,773 |100.00% | |- |colspan=\"8\" style=\"text-align:left;\"|Blank and invalid ballots |align=\"right\"|18,028 |style=\"background:#E9E9E9;\" colspan=\"2\"| |-style=\"background:#E9E9E9;\" |colspan=\"8\" style=\"text-align:left;\"|Registered voters / turnout |3,435,745 |59.72% |3.84 |} Synopsis of results = open seat = turnout is above provincial average = winning candidate was in previous Legislature = incumbent had switched allegiance = incumbency arose from byelection gain = previously incumbent in another riding = other incumbents renominated = Liberal-Labour candidate = multiple candidates Analysis Reorganization of ridings The reorganized ridings returned the following MPPs: Seats that changed hands There were 12 seats that changed allegiance in the election. PC to Liberal Algoma—Manitoulin Essex South Grey North Huron—Bruce Ottawa East","title":"1963 Ontario general election"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"70958165\",\n \"text\": \"The 44th Ontario general election is tentatively scheduled to be held on June 4, 2026. As of December 2016, Ontario elections are held on the first Thursday in June in the fourth calendar year following the previous general election, unless the Legislative Assembly of Ontario is dissolved earlier by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario due to advice from the Premier of Ontario, a motion of no confidence or the failure of the Assembly to grant supply. Such a dissolution is unlikely as the current government has a majority. Standings |- !rowspan=\\\"2\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" align=left|Party !rowspan=\\\"2\\\" align=left|Party leader !colspan=\\\"2\\\" align=center|Seats |- !align=\\\"center\\\"|2022 !align=\\\"center\\\"|Current |align=left|Doug Ford |83 |80 |align=left|Marit Stiles |31 |28 |align=left|Bonnie Crombie |8 |9 |align=left|Mike Schreiner |1 |2 | colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" | Independent |1 |5 |- | | colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" | Vacant |0 |0 |- |align=left colspan=\\\"3\\\"|Total | align=\\\"right\\\"|124 | align=\\\"right\\\"|124 |} Timeline 2022 June 2: The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario under Doug Ford won a second majority government in the 43rd Ontario general election. New Democratic Party leader Andrea Horwath and Liberal leader Steven Del Duca both announce their resignation on election night. June 28: Toronto—Danforth MPP Peter Tabuns was named interim leader of the NDP, becoming Leader of the Official Opposition. August 3: Ottawa South MPP John Fraser was named interim leader of the Liberals. 2023 February 4: Marit Stiles was declared leader of the NDP, and became Leader of the Official Opposition. December 2: Bonnie Crombie was elected leader of the Liberals. 2024 Ridings The Electoral Boundaries Act, 2015 increased the number of electoral districts from 107 to 122, following the boundaries set out by the federal 2013 Representation Order for Ontario, while preserving the special boundaries of the 11 seats in Northern Ontario set out in the 1996 redistribution. The Far North Electoral Boundaries Commission, appointed in 2016, recommended the creation of the additional districts of Kiiwetinoong and Mushkegowuk—James Bay, carved out from the existing Kenora—Rainy River and Timmins—James Bay ridings, which accordingly raised the total number of seats to 124. This was implemented through the Representation Statute Law Amendment Act, 2017. With the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, Ontario has been allotted 1 additional seat in the House of Commons, which could potentially increase the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Opinion polls References Opinion poll sources External links Elections Ontario Next\",\n \"title\": \"44th Ontario general election\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1587208\",\n \"text\": \"The 1963 Ontario general election was held on September 25, 1963, to elect the 108 members of the 27th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or \\\"MPPs\\\") of the Province of Ontario. The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, led by John Robarts, who had replaced Leslie Frost as PC leader and premier in 1961, won a seventh consecutive term in office, and maintained its majority in the legislature, increasing its caucus from the 71 members elected in the previous election to 77 members in an enlarged legislature. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by John Wintermeyer, increased its caucus from 22 to 24 members, although Wintermeyer lost his seat of Waterloo North. He resigned as party leader but the Liberals continued in their role of official opposition. Robert Gibson of Kenora was re-elected as a Liberal-Labour MPP sitting with the Liberal caucus. The social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation was formally dissolved and succeeded by the Ontario New Democratic Party in 1961. The newly conglomerated party was still led by Donald C. MacDonald, and won two additional seats, for a total of seven. The Social Credit Party of Ontario split into two factions mirroring the split in the federal party. The official Social Credit party ran candidates in three rural ridings while the more radical Social Credit Action faction ran candidates in six ridings in Toronto. Expansion of Legislative Assembly The size of the Legislative Assembly was increased from 98 to 108 members, through the reorganization of Toronto's suburban ridings: Results |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=5 | MPPs ! colspan=3 | Votes |- ! Candidates !1959 !Dissol. !1963 !± !# !% ! ± (pp) |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|John Robarts |108 |71 | |77 |6 |1,052,740 |48.61% |2.46 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|John Wintermeyer |107 |21 | |23 |2 |754,032 |34.82% |1.44 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|Donald C. MacDonald |97 |5 | |7 |2 |340,208 |15.71% |0.96 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| |1 |1 | |1 | |6,774 |0.31% |0.04 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| |1 |– |– |– | |5,190 |0.24% |0.13 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| |7 |– |– |– | |2,759 |0.13% |0.09 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| |9 |– |– |– | |2,313 |0.11% |0.02 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| |6 |– |– |– | |1,654 |0.08% |0.15 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| |1 |– |– |– | |103 |– | |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| | |– |– |– | |colspan=\\\"3\\\"|did not campaign |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| | |– |– |– | |colspan=\\\"3\\\"|did not campaign |colspan=\\\"3\\\"| | |colspan=\\\"5\\\"| |-style=\\\"background:#E9E9E9;\\\" |colspan=\\\"3\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|Total |337 |98 |98 |108 | |2,165,773 |100.00% | |- |colspan=\\\"8\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|Blank and invalid ballots |align=\\\"right\\\"|18,028 |style=\\\"background:#E9E9E9;\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\"| |-style=\\\"background:#E9E9E9;\\\" |colspan=\\\"8\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|Registered voters / turnout |3,435,745 |59.72% |3.84 |} Synopsis of results = open seat = turnout is above provincial average = winning candidate was in previous Legislature = incumbent had switched allegiance = incumbency arose from byelection gain = previously incumbent in another riding = other incumbents renominated = Liberal-Labour candidate = multiple candidates Analysis Reorganization of ridings The reorganized ridings returned the following MPPs: Seats that changed hands There were 12 seats that changed allegiance in the election. PC to Liberal Algoma—Manitoulin Essex South Grey North Huron—Bruce Ottawa East\",\n \"title\": \"1963 Ontario general election\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"1662251","text":"Joan Mary Fawcett (April 19, 1937 – August 16, 2015) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. She served as a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1987 to 1995 who represented the eastern Ontario riding of Northumberland. Background Fawcett was educated at Ottawa Teachers' College and Queen's University in Kingston. She worked as a teacher after her graduation. She and her husband Robert raised three children. Politics Fawcett served as reeve of Colborne, Northumberland County, Ontario, before her provincial career. She ran for the Ontario legislature in the 1985 provincial election, but lost to Progressive Conservative Howard Sheppard by fewer than 2000 votes in the rural, eastern-Ontario riding of Northumberland. She ran again in the 1987 provincial election, and defeated Sheppard by 1376 votes amid a landslide majority victory for the Liberals under David Peterson. Fawcett was appointed Deputy Government Whip, served as chair of the Liberal rural caucus from 1988 to 1990, and was appointed as parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Skills Development in 1989. The Liberals were defeated by the New Democratic Party in the 1990 provincial election. Although the Liberals lost many of their marginal seats in this election, Fawcett was re-elected over Progressive Conservative candidate Angus Read by 1094 votes; the NDP candidate was a close third. Fawcett served as her party's caucus chair from 1990 to 1992, and held a variety of critic positions. The Progressive Conservatives won a majority government in the 1995 provincial election, and Fawcett lost the Northumberland riding to Progressive Conservative Doug Galt by over 6000 votes. Fawcett retired from politics and moved to Howe Island with her husband and died in Cobourg, Ontario, on August 16, 2015, at Northumberland Hills Hospital at the age of 78 from a massive stroke. She was survived by her three children and a sister, as well as extended family. References External links 1937 births 2015 deaths Ontario Liberal Party MPPs Women MPPs in Ontario Politicians from Kingston, Ontario","title":"Joan Fawcett"},{"docid":"489259","text":"George Howard Ferguson, PC (June 18, 1870 – February 21, 1946) was the ninth premier of Ontario, from 1923 to 1930. He was a Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1905 to 1930 who represented the eastern provincial riding of Grenville. Background The son of Charles Frederick Ferguson, who served in the Canadian House of Commons, Ferguson studied at the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall, was called to the Ontario bar in 1894, and returned to Kemptville to practise. Ferguson was elected to the municipal council and served three years as reeve of Kemptville. He married Ella Cumming in 1896. Early political career First elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1905 election, Ferguson served as Minister of Lands, Forest, and Mines in the government of William Howard Hearst from 1914 to 1919. Ferguson approved the reservation of of pulpwood on crown land to the Mead Corporation, and a further to Abitibi Power and Paper Company although the Crown Timber Act required pulp limits to be sold by public tender. He declared, \"My ambition has been to see the largest paper industry in the world established in the Province, and my attitude towards the pulp and paper industry has been directed towards assisting in bringing this about.\" After becoming Premier of Ontario in 1923, Ferguson reserved a further to Abitibi. In addition, he sold timber limits to the Shevlin-Clarke Lumber Company (headed by the fellow Conservative James Arthur Mathieu) for less than half the price they would have normally fetched, and the company later paid a fine of $1.5 million for breaching the Crown Timber Act. The transactions were criticized in a subsequent inquiry, in which the commission reported: Ferguson became leader of the Conservative Party upon the defeat of the Hearst government that year. Premiership In the 1923 election, the Ontario Conservative Party came to power under Ferguson's leadership by defeating the United Farmers of Ontario-Labour coalition government of Ernest C. Drury. The Conservatives won 75 of the 111 seats in the legislature. Ferguson's government encouraged private investment in industry and the development of the province's natural resources as a means of achieving prosperity. It was re-elected in the 1926 election with 72 seats and in 1929 with 90 seats. French policy In 1911, Ferguson argued in the legislature that \"no language other than English should be used as a medium of instruction in the schools of this Province\" although that a significant proportion of the population was French-Canadian. Sectarian politics was still rife in Ontario, and the Conservatives relied on a base of Orange support. Ferguson was prepared to pander to the Orangemen with anti-Catholic and anti-French rhetoric. In 1912, the Ontario government passed Regulation 17, which greatly restricted the use of French language instruction. The legislation outraged Quebec and was an irritant to national unity during the First World War. When Ferguson became premier, he reversed himself by moderating the legislation and allowing more French-language instruction. His government, however, refused to","title":"Howard Ferguson"},{"docid":"5659808","text":"George Bennett (March 10, 1887 - February 29, 1948) was the 19th Mayor of the City of Windsor and a Member of Provincial Parliament in Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1943 to 1945. He represented the riding of Windsor—Sandwich for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). Bennett's time as a mayor was brief, from 1935 to 1936. He was preceded by David Croll and succeeded by Ernest S. Wigle. Bennett was elected in a surprise sweep by the CCF and Ted Jolliffe in 1943, where his party went from no seats to 34. He served on several Legislative Committees including Public Accounts, Municipal Law, and Game and Fish. He lost his seat in 1945, along with many of his fellow CCF MPP's. Windsor-Sandwich would not be represented by a social democrat until 1967 when Hugh Peacock was elected. In 1910 he married Hannah Elizabeth Hackney. He died in Windsor, Ontario at the age of 60. References External links 1888 births 1948 deaths 20th-century Canadian legislators Mayors of Windsor, Ontario Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation MPPs","title":"George Bennett (Ontario politician)"},{"docid":"57630563","text":"The 42nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario was a legislature of the province of Ontario, Canada. The membership was set by the 2018 Ontario general election and sat for two sessions until it was dissolved on May 3, 2022 in advance of the 2022 Ontario general election. A majority government was formed by the Progressive Conservative Party with leader Doug Ford serving as Premier of Ontario. The Official Opposition, and the only other recognized party, was the Ontario New Democratic Party led by Andrea Horwath. The Ontario Liberal Party and Green Party of Ontario also elected members to seats in the legislature, but neither elected enough MPPs for official party status. At dissolution, the New Blue Party of Ontario and the Ontario Party each had one MPP, but also lacked official party status. Ford was officially sworn in as Premier of Ontario by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario on June 29, 2018. The first session of the 42nd Legislative Assembly was opened on July 11, 2018 with the election of Ted Arnott as Speaker. Election and appointments The Members of the Provincial Parliament (MPP) that served in the Legislative Assembly of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario were elected in the general election held on June 7, 2018. The election returned 76 Progressive Conservatives, 40 NDP members, 7 Liberals, and 1 Green. This allowed the Progressive Conservative Party to form a majority government with its leader Doug Ford becoming Premier and the NDP forming the Official Opposition. Neither the Liberals, nor the Green Party had sufficient number of seats to provide them with party status in the legislative assembly. Ford assembled a 21-member Cabinet which was sworn in by Lieutenant Governor Elizabeth Dowdeswell on June 29. The cabinet featured Ford as Premier and Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs with former Progressive Conservative leadership candidates Christine Elliott as Deputy Premier and Minister of Health, and Caroline Mulroney as Attorney General. Former interim leaders of the Progressive Conservatives Vic Fedeli and Jim Wilson were assigned to be Minister of Finance and Minister of Economic Development, respectively. This initial cabinet also featured Lisa MacLeod as both Minister of Community and Social Services and Minister of Children and Youth Services, Lisa Thompson as Minister of Education, Rod Phillips as Minister of the Environment, and John Yakabuski as Minister of Transportation. In addition, 26 other Progressive Conservative MPPs were appointed to be parliamentary assistants. Todd Smith was appointed Government House Leader and Ted Arnott was elected Speaker. The first change to the Cabinet came on November 2, 2018, when Jim Wilson resigned to sit as an independent and Todd Smith assumed his role as Minister of Economic Development. The first major cabinet shuffle came on June 20, 2019, as the premier expanded the cabinet to 28 members with 31 other Progressive Conservative MPPs being parliamentary assistants. Doug Downey, Paul Calandra, Stephen Lecce and Ross Romano were promoted to cabinet to be Attorney General, Government House Leader, Minister of Education, and Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities, respectively. Jill","title":"42nd Parliament of Ontario"},{"docid":"1046191","text":"Sir Richard William Scott, (February 24, 1825 – April 23, 1913) was a Canadian politician and cabinet minister. Early life He was born in Prescott, Ontario, in 1825, a descendant of a family from County Clare. A lawyer by training, Scott was admitted to the bar in 1848 and established a practice in Bytown (now Ottawa). Political career Scott became a member of municipal council in 1851, was mayor of Bytown in 1852, and held a seat in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1857 to 1863. With Canadian Confederation, Scott won a seat in the Ontario legislature as a Liberal representing Ottawa from 1867 to 1871. He was Speaker of the legislature briefly in December 1871 before he was appointed to the provincial cabinet as Commissioner of Crown Lands. Scott played a leading role in passing legislation ensuring the rights of separate schools in Ontario. In November 1873, he left provincial politics when he was appointed minister without portfolio by Alexander Mackenzie in the federal Cabinet. Mackenzie had become prime minister after Sir John A. Macdonald's government had been forced to resign because of the Pacific Scandal. Scott was appointed to the Senate of Canada by Mackenzie in January 1874 and became Secretary of State for Canada and Leader of the Government in the Senate. A supporter of temperance, he drafted the \"Scott Act,\" which allowed any county or municipality in Canada to prohibit the retail sale of liquor by majority vote. With the defeat of the Liberal government in the 1878 election, Scott became Leader of the Opposition in the Senate until the return of the Liberals to government, under Wilfrid Laurier. Scott resumed his old Cabinet position of Secretary of State. Scott retired from the cabinet in 1908 but remained in the Senate until his death in 1913. He was made a knight in 1909 by King Edward VII. Family Richard William Scott was married in Philadelphia, Pa., November 8, 1853, to Mary Heron, the daughter of John Heron and Frances, his wife. She was born and educated in Dublin, Ireland. The couple had two sons William L. Scott, Local Master in Chancery, and D Arcy Scott, Barrister, Ottawa and four daughters. Before her marriage, Mrs. Scott was a professional singer who toured in Canada and the United States as a member of \"The Heron sisters.\" The couple lived at 274 Daly Avenue, Ottawa. She served on the Executive Committee of the National Council of Women and as a Vice-President of the Local Council. Archives There is a Richard William Scott fonds at Library and Archives Canada. Electoral history References External links Member's Parliamentary History at the Legislative Assembly of Ontario Sir Richard Scott, PC , KC 1825 births 1913 deaths Mayors of Bytown Canadian Knights Bachelor Lawyers in Ontario Canadian King's Counsel Canadian senators from Ontario Canadian people of Irish descent Liberal Party of Canada senators Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West Members of the King's","title":"Richard William Scott"},{"docid":"71430374","text":"Section 69 of the Constitution Act, 1867 () is a provision of the Constitution of Canada creating the Legislature of the province of Ontario, which did not exist prior to 1867. The Constitution Act, 1867 created Ontario, including the institutions of the new provincial government, such as the Legislature. The Constitution Act, 1867 is the constitutional statute which established Canada. Originally named the British North America Act, 1867, the Act continues to be the foundational statute for the Constitution of Canada, although it has been amended many times since 1867. It is now recognised as part of the supreme law of Canada. Constitution Act, 1867 The Constitution Act, 1867 is part of the Constitution of Canada and thus part of the supreme law of Canada. It was the product of extensive negotiations by the governments of the British North American provinces in the 1860s. The Act sets out the constitutional framework of Canada, including the structure of the federal government and the powers of the federal government and the provinces. Originally enacted in 1867 by the British Parliament under the name the British North America Act, 1867, in 1982 the Act was brought under full Canadian control through the Patriation of the Constitution, and was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867. Since Patriation the Act can only be amended in Canada, under the amending formula set out in the Constitution Act, 1982. Text of section 69 Section 69 reads: Section 69 is found in Part V of the Constitution Act, 1867, dealing with provincial constitutions. It has not been amended since the Act was enacted in 1867. Purpose and interpretation The province of Ontario did not exist prior to 1867. From 1841 to Confederation in 1867, what are now the provinces of Ontario and Quebec formed the single Province of Canada. Section 6 of the Act split the Province of Canada into the two new and separate provinces. The Constitution Act, 1867 therefore had to create the government institutions for the two new provinces. Section 69 of the Act created the Legislature of Ontario as a unicameral legislature, consisting of the elected Legislative Assembly and the appointed Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, the representative of the Crown. The Assembly originally had 82 seats, the same as the new federal House of Commons. The Legislative Assembly also used the same electoral map as the House of Commons, set out in the First Schedule of the Act. The unicameral legislature was the first in British North America. Prime Minister John A. Macdonald explained that it was sufficient to have a unicameral legislature for what he considered to be a \"subordinate Legislature\", in the nature of a municipal body. However, the courts have held that the provincial legislatures do not act as delegates of the federal Parliament. Instead, the provinces exercise plenary legislative powers. The purpose of the federation was not to subordinate the provinces to the federal government. Rather, with respect to matters assigned to the provinces, \"each province retain[s] its independence and autonomy.\"","title":"Section 69 of the Constitution Act, 1867"},{"docid":"12097345","text":"William Manley German (May 25, 1851 – March 31, 1933) was an Ontario barrister and political figure. He represented Welland in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1894 to 1900 and in the House of Commons of Canada from 1891 to 1892, from 1900 to 1917 and from 1921 to 1925 as a Liberal member. He was born in Hillier Township, Prince Edward County, Canada West, the son of George German whose parents were United Empire Loyalists from New York state. He studied at Victoria College in Cobourg. German articled in law with Lewis Wallbridge in Belleville and then Edward Fitzgerald in Toronto. He was called to the bar in 1883 and set up practice in Welland. In 1885, he married Henrietta Aylmer Macdonald. German was deputy reeve for Welland in 1890. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1891 but unseated after an appeal. German resigned his seat in the provincial assembly in 1900 to sit in the federal parliament. He ran unsuccessfully in 1917 and 1926 for the Welland seat in the House of Commons. German introduced legislation in the House of Commons to establish a bridge commission which led to the construction of the Peace Bridge between Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York; similar legislation had been introduced in the United States Congress and the New York State Legislature. He was vice-president of the Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Company established to build the bridge. References The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1891 JA Gemmill Member's parliamentary history for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario The History of the County of Welland, Ontario, its past and present (1887) 1851 births 1933 deaths Ontario Liberal Party MPPs Liberal Party of Canada MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario People from Prince Edward County, Ontario","title":"William Manley German"},{"docid":"8857887","text":"This is a list of the Parliaments of the Ontario Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Canadian province of Ontario, since Canadian Confederation in 1867. The Legislative Assembly has existed since 1867 when the British North America Act, 1867 severed the Province of Canada into two new provinces, with the portion then called Canada West becoming Ontario. For the Parliaments prior to Confederation, see Parliament of the Province of Canada (1841 to 1867) and Parliament of Upper Canada (1791 to 1841). List of Parliaments Although they had fewer seats than the Conservatives, the Liberals formed a minority government with the support of the NDP. Sources Legislative Assemblies","title":"List of Ontario Legislative Assemblies"},{"docid":"3440342","text":"The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was the lower house of the Parliament of the Province of Canada. The Province of Canada consisted of the former province of Lower Canada, then known as Canada East (now Quebec), and Upper Canada, then known as Canada West (now Ontario). It was created by The Union Act, 1840. Canada East and Canada West each elected 42 members to the assembly for the first four parliaments. In 1853, following the 1851 Canadian census, the number of seats in the assembly was increased by the 4th Parliament of the Province of Canada from 84 to 130, 65 for each section, even though Canada West had a slightly larger population. The Parliamentary Representation Act of June 1853 was to take effect with the election for the 5th Parliament of the Province of Canada. The upper house of the legislature was called the Legislative Council. The two houses, the lower house and the upper house, constituted the Parliament of the Province of Canada. (See List of Parliaments below) The first session of parliament began in Kingston in Canada West in 1841. The second parliament and the first sessions of the third parliament were held in Montreal. On April 25, 1849, rioters protesting the Rebellion Losses Bill burned the parliament buildings. The remaining sessions of the third parliament were held in Toronto. Subsequent parliaments were held in Quebec City and Toronto, except for the last session June–August 1866 of the eighth and final parliament, which was held in the newly built Parliament building in Ottawa, the capital chosen for the Dominion of Canada. The British North America Act of 1867 divided the Province of Canada into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, each province having its own Legislative Assembly, as well as representation in the Parliament of Canada. Seat of Government and Parliament Buildings Parliament for the United Provinces of Canada drifted around the cities of Toronto, Kingston, Montreal, Quebec City and Ottawa. For exhaustive detail on how Parliament tried to resolve the issue of a permanent capital, see below David B. Knight, Choosing Canada's Capital: Conflict Resolution in a Parliamentary System (Carleton Library Series, 1991). 1841–1843 three sessions were held at the three-storey Kingston General Hospital 1843 Parliament moves to Montreal and sites at renovated St. Anne's Market; burned down in 1849; rebuilt as market only and burned down again in 1902; site later was a parking lot and now public square called Place d'Youville. 1849 temporary sites for Parliament at Bonsecours Market and the Freemason's Hall, Montreal for single session. 1849–1850 Parliament returns to Toronto to the site of the Third Parliament Buildings at Front and Simcoe Streets. 1851 Parliament relocates to Quebec City in 1851 to the Quebec Parliament Building until fire destroys the building in 1854. 1854–1859 Parliament remains in Quebec City and relocates to Quebec Music Hall and Quebec City Courthouse. 1859 Parliament returns to Toronto to the site of the last parliament held there in 1849–1851 sessions. 1860–1865 Parliament returns","title":"Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada"},{"docid":"37547225","text":"Peter Stewart Bevan-Baker (born 3 June 1962) is a Scottish-Canadian politician. He served as the leader of the Green Party of Prince Edward Island from 2012 to 2023. He is currently the member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island representing New Haven-Rocky Point (formerly representing Kellys Cross-Cumberland). He previously stood as a candidate for both the Green Party of Ontario and the Green Party of Canada. Bevan-Baker is a dentist by profession as well as being an active writer, musician and public speaker. Bevan-Baker served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in the 66th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 2019 to 2023. Personal life He is the second child of composer John Bevan Baker and June Findlay. He holds a Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree from the University of Glasgow. In 1985 he emigrated to Canada, living first in Lewisporte, Newfoundland and then Brockville, Ontario before settling in Prince Edward Island in 2003. He became a Canadian citizen in 1992. Political career Bevan-Baker joined the Green Party of Canada in 1992, and has run as a candidate for the House of Commons of Canada in the elections of 1993, 1997 in the riding of Leeds—Grenville and provincially in 1995 in the riding of Leeds-Grenville in Ontario, and 2008 and 2011 in Malpeque, PEI. In 1997, he ran on a platform that advocated establishing a Genuine Progress Index (GPI). This was proposed to replace the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the standard measure for assessing national progress with an index that gauged the health and well-being of people, communities and eco-systems. Though not elected from 1997 to 2001, he forged an alliance with Liberal MP Joe Jordan to draft the Canada Well-Being Measurement Bill (C-268), which incorporated many of the central tenets of the GPI. The bill received first reading on 14 February 2001, but did not become law. Bevan-Baker has also run three times as a candidate in provincial elections in Ontario, and on Prince Edward Island in the riding of Kelly's Cross-Cumberland in 2007 and 2011. In 2012 he spearheaded a coalition from a broad spectrum of Islanders against a project known as \"Plan B\", which involved rerouting a portion of the Trans Canada Highway through a section of ancient Acadian forest, citing negative environmental and fiscal implications for the province. In 2015, Bevan-Baker was elected to the Prince Edward Island Legislative Assembly with 54% of the vote, winning the first-ever seat for the Green Party of Prince Edward Island. It was his tenth attempt at winning a seat. He is the third member of a provincial Green Party to win a seat in a provincial legislature in Canada, following Andrew Weaver in British Columbia and David Coon in New Brunswick. In 2019 the Green Party under Bevan-Baker's leadership witnessed the best electoral performance of any Green Party in Canada, finishing with enough seats to form the Official Opposition, marking the first time that the Green Party has formed the Official Opposition at any","title":"Peter Bevan-Baker"},{"docid":"72735022","text":"The Ford family is a Canadian political family, who have English heritage. It includes the former Toronto Mayor Rob Ford and current Ontario Premier and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, Doug Ford. Notable members Doug Ford Sr. (1933 – 2006) Canadian businessperson and Ontario politician. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 1999 representing the riding of Etobicoke—Humber. He was the father of Rob Ford, and Doug Ford. Doug Ford (born 1964) Canadian politician and businessperson who has served as the 26th and current premier of Ontario since June 2018 and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario since March 2018. He represents the Toronto riding of Etobicoke North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Rob Ford (1969 – 2016) was a Canadian politician and businessperson who served as the 64th mayor of Toronto from 2010 to 2014. Before and after his term as mayor, Ford was a city councillor representing Ward 2 Etobicoke North. He was first elected to Toronto City Council in the 2000 Toronto municipal election, and was re-elected to his council seat twice. Krista Haynes (née Ford; born 1991) is a former Canadian professional women's American football player and conspiracy theorist. She is a daughter of Doug Ford. She was the captain the Legends Football League team Toronto Triumph. Michael Ford (born Michael Douglas Aldo Ford Stirpe; 1994) is a Canadian politician who has been the Ontario minister of citizenship and multiculturalism since June 24, 2022. A member of the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party, he has represented York South—Weston in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 2022. Ford previously served on Toronto City Council from 2016 to 2022. First elected as a Toronto District School Board trustee in 2014, he later won a 2016 by-election for the council seat which was vacated upon the death of Rob Ford, before he was elected as a member of Provincial Parliament in 2022. He is the nephew of Doug Ford and Rob Ford. Ancestry The family have English heritage. The Toronto Sun cited online sources indicating that Doug and Rob Ford's paternal grandfather Ernest Ford moved from England to Canada in 1902 at the age of 11 as part of the Home Children immigration scheme. Offices held Legislative Assembly of Ontario member 1995 – 1996 (Doug Ford Sr.) 2018 – present (Doug Ford) 2022 – present (Michael Ford) Premier of Ontario 2018 – present Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leader 2018 – present Mayor of Toronto 2010 – 2014 Toronto city councillor 2000 – 2010, 2014 – 2016 (Rob Ford) 2010 – 2014 (Doug Ford) 2018 – 2022 (Michael Ford) Ontario Minister of Citizenship and Multiculturalism 2022 – present Toronto District School Board trustee 2014 – 2016 See also Trudeau family Mulroney family Hardisty family References Political families of Canada Politicians from Toronto","title":"Ford family (Canada)"},{"docid":"13496221","text":"Ottawa West—Nepean () is a provincial electoral district in eastern Ontario, Canada. It elects one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The riding is represented in the Ontario legislature by the NDP's Chandra Pasma. The riding has been fairly solidly Liberal. In the 1999 provincial election, former Member of Provincial Parliament Alex Cullen lost the nomination to Rick Chiarelli following fierce party battles. Cullen instead ran for the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP). The seat was won by Tory Garry Guzzo. In the 2003 provincial election, former Ottawa mayor Jim Watson ousted Guzzo. Former Ottawa mayor Bob Chiarelli won the seat in a March 4, 2010, by-election, after Jim Watson left his seat to run in the 2010 Ottawa municipal election. Chiarelli lost his seat to PC Jeremy Roberts in 2018 which saw the former governing Liberals fall to third place in the legislature. In the 2022 provincial election the NDP's Chandra Pasma defeated Roberts, the only PC incumbent to lose his seat in the election. This marked the first time the NDP had ever won the seat, either provincially or federally. History The electoral district was created in 1999 from 77% of Ottawa West, 38% of Nepean and 21% of Ottawa—Rideau. Members of Provincial Parliament This riding has elected the following members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario: Election results 2007 electoral reform referendum References External links Map of riding for 2018 election Provincial electoral districts of Ottawa","title":"Ottawa West—Nepean (provincial electoral district)"},{"docid":"4543928","text":"Hermon (Herman) Henry Cook (April 26, 1837 – April 12, 1914) was an Ontario lumber merchant and political figure. He represented Simcoe North in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1872 to 1878 and Simcoe East from 1882 to 1891. He also represented Simcoe East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1879 to 1882. Life He was born in Williamsburgh Township in Dundas County Upper Canada in 1826, the son of George Cook and Sarah Castleman, and was educated in Iroquois. He established himself as a lumber merchant in Simcoe County and set up a sawmill near the current site of the town of Midland, Ontario. With the completion of the Midland Railway of Canada, his timber business prospered. In 1861, he married Lydia White. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Ontario assembly in 1871. Cook resigned his seat in the provincial assembly in 1882 to run for a federal seat. He died in Toronto at the age of 76. Relatives His brother James William represented Dundas in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and his brother Simon represented Dundas in the House of Commons of Canada. His uncle John Cook had earlier represented Dundas in the legislative assembly for Upper Canada. Electoral record |- |Conservative |William Humphrey Bennett |align=\"right\"| 3,236 |Liberal |Hermon Henry Cook |align=\"right\"| 3,111 References External links Herman Henry Cook 1837 births 1914 deaths Liberal Party of Canada MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario Ontario Liberal Party MPPs People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry","title":"Hermon Henry Cook"},{"docid":"1069313","text":"Leopold Macaulay (November 25, 1887 – December 24, 1979) was a Canadian politician and lawyer, born in Peterborough, Ontario. Macaulay was a Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He was first elected as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the Toronto area riding of York South in 1926. He was brought into the cabinet as Provincial Secretary and Registrar in September 1930 in the last few weeks of the administration of Ontario Premier George Howard Ferguson. He was retained in that position when Ferguson's successor, George Henry formed his cabinet in December. Macaulay went on to serve as Minister of Highways from 1931 to 1934 and also Minister of Public Works for six months before the defeat of the Henry government by Mitchell Hepburn's Ontario Liberal Party in the 1934 Ontario election. Macaulay kept his seat through the election and, in 1936, he was a candidate in the Ontario Conservative leadership convention placing fourth. He remained in the legislature until losing his seat in the 1943 Ontario election to Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation leader Ted Jolliffe. He also served on the Board of Regents of Victoria University, University of Toronto from 1932 to 1972, serving as chair from 1942 to 1951. References External links 1887 births 1979 deaths Members of the Executive Council of Ontario People from Peterborough, Ontario Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs Provincial Secretaries of Ontario University of Toronto people","title":"Leopold Macaulay"},{"docid":"1587237","text":"The 1967 Ontario general election was held on October 17, 1967, to elect the 117 members of the 28th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or \"MPPs\") of the Province of Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, led by John Robarts, won an eighth consecutive term in office, and maintained its majority in the legislature despite losing eight seats from its result in the previous election. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Robert Nixon, increased its caucus from 24 to 28 members, and continued in the role of official opposition. T. Patrick Reid of Rainy River was elected as a Liberal-Labour MPP. He replaced Robert Gibson, the late MPP for Kenora as the legislature's sole Liberal-Labour MPP. The social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Donald C. MacDonald, increased its caucus in the legislature from 7 members to 20. Expansion of the Legislative Assembly The size of the Legislative Assembly was increased from 108 to 117 members, mainly through the reorganization of ridings outside Toronto: Results Summary |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=4 | MNAs ! colspan=4 | Votes |- ! Candidates !1963 !1967 !± !# ! ± !% ! ± (pp) |style=\"text-align:left;\"|John Robarts | 117 || 77 || 69 || 8 || 1,018,755 || 33,985 || 42.10% || 6.51 |rowspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align:left;\"|Robert Nixon | 115 || 23 || 27 || 4 || 762,340 || 8,308 || 31.51% || 3.31 | 2 || 1 || 1 || || 5,051 || 1,723 || 0.21% || 0.10 |style=\"text-align:left;\"|Donald C. MacDonald | 117 || 7 || 20 || 13 || 628,397 || 288,189 || 25.97% || 10.26 | || 5 || – || – || – || 2,382 || 377 || 0.10% || 0.03 |style=\"text-align:left;\"|Harvey Lainson || 7 || – || – || – || 1,906 || 407 || 0.08% || 0.03 | || 2 || – || – || – || 592 || 1,062 || 0.02% || 0.06 | || 1 || – || – || – || 287 || 184 || 0.01% || 0.01 |- ! colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | Total |366||108 ! \" colspan=\"2\"|117 ! \" colspan=\"2\"|2,419,710 ! \" colspan=\"2\"| 100.00% |- | colspan=\"7\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | Rejected ballots | 19,528 | 1.223 | colspan=\"2\"| |- | colspan=\"7\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | Voter turnout | 2,439,238 | 255,160 | 66.18 | 2.65 |- | colspan=\"7\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | Registered electors | 3,685,755 | 247,921 | colspan=\"2\"| |} Synopsis of results = open seat = turnout is above provincial average = winning candidate was in previous Legislature = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature = incumbent had switched allegiance = incumbency arose from byelection gain = previously incumbent in another riding = other incumbents renominated = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada = Liberal-Labour candidate = multiple candidates Analysis Incumbents standing in other ridings Eleven MPPs lost their seats in the current redistribution and sought reelection elsewhere. A further four chose to campaign in another riding. See also Politics","title":"1967 Ontario general election"},{"docid":"64779550","text":"Bytown was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada. The district represented the town of Bytown, in Canada West, which was re-named Ottawa in 1855. The electoral district was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada, from the merger of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. It was renamed to Ottawa following the renaming of the city. Bytown was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario. Boundaries Bytown electoral district was primarily centred on the town of Bytown, Canada West (now Ottawa, Ontario). It was located on the south shore of the Ottawa River, which was the boundary with Canada East, now the province of Quebec. The Union Act, 1840 merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished.Union Act, 1840, 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35, s. 2. Prior to the Union, Bytown had been included in the electoral district of the County of Carleton in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, but the Union Act provided that Bytown would constitute a separate electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of the new Parliament. The Union Act gave the Governor General of the Province of Canada the power to draw the boundaries for the electoral district. The first Governor General, Lord Sydenham, issued a proclamation shortly after the formation of the Province of Canada in early 1841, establishing the boundaries for the electoral district: Members of the Legislative Assembly Bytown was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The following were the members for Bytown. Significant elections In the first general election of 1841, Lord Sydenham was actively involved. He took all possible steps to ensure that a majority of the members elected to the Legislative Assembly would be supporters of the union of the Canadas. During a tour of Canada West, he stopped in Bytown and urged three of the declared candidates for the seat to withdraw in favour of his preferred candidate, Stewart Derbishire, even though Derbishire had no connection to Bytown. As part of his arguments, Sydenham told them that it was due to his influence that Bytown had received its own seat, separate from Carleton County. The three candidates withdraw, but a fourth, William Stewart continued in his candidacy. When the vote was held in March, 1841, Derbishire was elected, by a vote of 52 to 29. Stewart issued two public protests, accusing the returning officer of partisanship, but did not formally contest the result. Abolition The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act, 1867 came into force, creating Canada and splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario. It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly","title":"Bytown (Province of Canada electoral district)"},{"docid":"4353208","text":"George Strange Boulton (September 11, 1797 – February 13, 1869) was a lawyer and political figure in Upper Canada. Life and career He was born near Albany, New York, in 1797, the son of D’Arcy Boulton, and came to Upper Canada with his family around 1800. He studied at John Strachan's school in Cornwall. He served during the War of 1812. In 1818, he was called to the bar and began work as a lawyer in Port Hope. In 1824, he was appointed registrar for Northumberland County and he moved to Cobourg, the county seat. At the start of the 1837 rebellion, he became a member of the militia. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for Durham in 1824; his election was declared invalid in 1825. In 1830, he was elected in Durham and represented it in the legislative assembly until 1841. He was a loyal Conservative and supported the expulsion of William Lyon Mackenzie from the assembly. In 1847, he was appointed to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada. He died in Cobourg, Ontario, in 1869. His brother, Henry John Boulton, was Attorney General in Upper Canada. References 1797 births 1869 deaths Politicians from Albany, New York American emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario Canadian people of English descent Lawyers in Ontario Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada Members of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada People from Cobourg Politicians from Toronto Immigrants to Upper Canada","title":"George Strange Boulton"},{"docid":"10637884","text":"James Clancy (July 21, 1844 – January 10, 1921) was an Ontario farmer, businessman and political figure. He represented Kent West in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1883 to 1894 and Bothwell in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1904 as a Conservative member. He was born in Mosa Township, Middlesex County, Canada West in 1844, the son of Patrick Clancy, an Irish immigrant. In 1868, he married Emily McIntosh. He was a lumber merchant in Wallaceburg. Clancy served on the town council for Dresden and was reeve of Chatham. In 1896, he defeated David Mills to win a seat in the House of Commons. He ran unsuccessfully for the federal seat representing Lambton West in 1904 after the riding of Bothwell was redistributed, and for the provincial seat representing Kent West in 1905. Clancy served as provincial auditor from 1905 to 1920. Electoral record External links The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1891 JA Gemmill Member's parliamentary history for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario Lambton County's Hundred Years, 1849 - 1949, V Lauriston (1949) Office of the Auditor General 1844 births 1921 deaths Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario Mayors of Chatham, Ontario People from Middlesex County, Ontario Canadian merchants","title":"James Clancy (politician)"},{"docid":"1666735","text":"The 1871 Ontario general election was the second general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on March 21, 1871, to elect the 82 Members of the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario (\"MLAs\"). The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Edward Blake, won a slim majority of the seats, and formed the government. The Ontario Conservative Party, led by John Sandfield Macdonald, served as the official opposition. Electoral reforms Earlier in 1871, the Legislative Assembly passed an Act to give the courts jurisdiction to rule on petitions dealing with corrupt practices in elections. In 1872, the Parliament of Canada passed an Act to compel MPs who were also members of a provincial legislature to resign such seats if they wished to stand again in a federal election. Five MLAs in the 1871 election were thus obliged to leave the Legislative Assembly in order to stand in federal ridings in 1872. Results |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=4 | MLAs ! colspan=4 | Votes |- ! Candidates !1867 !1871 !± !# ! ± !% ! ± (pp) |style=\"text-align:left;\"| | 76 || 41 || 43 || 2 || 68,366 || 9,323 || 52.30% || 3.54 |style=\"text-align:left;\"| | 73 || 41 || 38 || 3 || 59,926 || 20,185 || 45.85% || 4.44 | || 1 || – || 1 || 1 || 1,116 || 1,116 || 0.85% || New | || 9 || – || – || – || 1,303 || 220 || 1.00% || 0.04 |- ! colspan=\"3\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | Total |159||82 ! \" colspan=\"2\"|88 ! \" colspan=\"2\"|130,711 ! \" colspan=\"2\"| 100.00% |- | colspan=\"7\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | Voter turnout | 130,711 | 28,612 | 62.93 | 10.93 |- | colspan=\"7\" style=\"text-align:left;\" | Registered electors | 207,717 | 8,005 | colspan=\"2\"| |- | style=\"text-align:left;\" rowspan=\"2\" colspan=\"3\" |Acclamations | style=\"text-align:left;\" colspan=\"2\" | ||7 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\" colspan=\"2\" | ||8 |- | style=\"text-align:left;\" colspan=\"3\" |Other candidates receiving nil votes | style=\"text-align:left;\" colspan=\"2\" | ||2 |} Synopsis of results = open seat = turnout is above provincial average = winning candidate was in previous Legislature = incumbent had switched allegiance = previously incumbent in another riding = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature = incumbency arose from byelection gain = other incumbents renominated = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada = multiple candidates Analysis MLAs elected by region and riding Party designations are as follows: Northern Ontario Ottawa Valley Saint Lawrence Valley Central Ontario Georgian Bay Wentworth/Halton/Niagara Midwestern Ontario Southwestern Ontario Peel/York/Ontario Later resignations on campaigning at the federal level See also Politics of Ontario List of Ontario political parties Premier of Ontario Leader of the Opposition (Ontario) Notes and references Notes References 1871 1871 elections in Canada March 1871 events 1871 in Ontario","title":"1871 Ontario general election"},{"docid":"4249649","text":"Benjamin Tett (Feb 14, 1798 - May 15, 1878) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Leeds South as a Conservative member of the 1st Parliament of Ontario. He was born in Hinton St. George in England in 1798, the son of John Tett who manufactured cloth for ships' sails, and came to Perth, Upper Canada in 1820, later moving to Newboro. He served on the district council of the Johnstown District representing North Crosby. Around 1830, he set up a sawmill north of Kingston at Bedford Mills, anticipating the completion of the Rideau Canal. In partnership with the Chaffey family and others, he established a booming timber business in the area. He also constructed a gristmill and opened a general store. In 1833, he married Julianna Poole. Tett ran unsuccessfully in Leeds for a seat in the legislative assembly of Upper Canada in 1838. He was again unsuccessful when he ran for the South Leeds seat in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1854 but went on to represent South Leeds in the assembly from 1858 to 1863. In 1863, he was defeated by Albert Norton Richards for the same seat. Tett also served as a justice of the peace. His daughter Elizabeth married doctor Robert Henry Preston, who later represented South Leeds in the provincial assembly. His great-grandson John Tett is the namesake of Kingston's Tett Centre for Creativity and Learning. Electoral history References External links History of Leeds and Grenville, Thaddeus William Henry Leavitt The Canadian parliamentary companion : first year HJ Morgan (1862) Member's parliamentary history for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1798 births 1878 deaths Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople English emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario Politicians from Somerset People from Leeds and Grenville United Counties Immigrants to Upper Canada","title":"Benjamin Tett"},{"docid":"1586335","text":"The Province of Ontario is governed by a unicameral legislature, the Parliament of Ontario, composed of the Lieutenant Governor and the Legislative Assembly, which operates in the Westminster system of government. The political party that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature normally forms the government, and the party's leader becomes premier of the province, i.e., the head of the government. Ontario's current primary political parties are the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PC), the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP), the Ontario Liberal Party and the Green Party of Ontario. Crown , as monarch of Canada is also the King in Right of Ontario. As a Commonwealth realm, the Canadian monarch is shared with 14 other independent countries within the Commonwealth of Nations. Within Canada, the monarch exercises power individually on behalf of the federal government, and the 10 provinces. The powers of the Crown are vested in the monarch and are exercised by the lieutenant governor. The advice of the premier and Executive Council is typically binding; the Constitution Act, 1867 requires executive power to be exercised only \"by and with the Advice of the Executive Council\". The lieutenant governor is appointed by the governor general, on the advice of the prime minister of Canada. Thus, it is typically the lieutenant governor whom the premier and ministers advise, exercising much of the royal prerogative and granting royal assent. While the advice of the premier and Executive Council is typically binding on the lieutenant governor, there are occasions when the lieutenant governor has refused advice. This usually occurs if the premier does not clearly command the confidence of the elected Legislative Assembly. In 2017 following the provincial election in British Columbia, Premier Christy Clark met with Lieutenant Governor Judith Guichon and advised dissolution of the Legislature. Guichon declined the Clark's request. Clark then offered her resignation as Premier, and the leader of the Official Opposition, John Horgan, who was able to command the confidence of the elected Legislature, was invited to form government. Legislative power The unicameral 124-member Legislative Assembly of Ontario (), and the Crown-in-Parliament (represented by the lieutenant governor) comprise the Provincial Parliament of Ontario. As government power is vested in the Crown, the role of the lieutenant governor is to grant royal assent on behalf of the monarch to legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly. The Crown does not participate in the legislative process save for signifying approval to a bill passed by the Assembly. Membership Officeholders, known as members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs) are elected using the first-past-the-post system. Government The legislature plays a role in the election of governments, as the premier and Cabinet hold office by virtue of commanding the body's confidence. Per the tenets of responsible government, Cabinet ministers are almost always elected MPPs, and account to the Legislative Assembly. Opposition The second largest party of parliamentary caucus is known as the Official Opposition, who typically appoint MPPs as critics to shadow ministers, and scrutinize the work of the government. The","title":"Politics of Ontario"},{"docid":"1058370","text":"Fred Matthews Young (14 February 1907 – 13 December 1993) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1963 to 1981 who represented the riding of Yorkview. He was an ordained minister and long time organizer for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). Background Young was born in Long Reach, New Brunswick, near the port city of Saint John, in 1907. He attended Teachers College in Fredericton, New Brunswick and taught school in Woodstock, New Brunswick. Later on, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Mount Allison University. He attended the University of Toronto and received both a Master of Arts and a bachelor's degree in divinity. He served as a minister in the United Church of Canada, in both Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island from 1934 until 1940. He and his wife Winnifred raise two children, a boy and a girl. Politics After World War II, Young worked, as an organizer for the CCF in the Maritimes, being personally recruited by the CCF's national secretary, David Lewis. Though, officially, he was a staff representative for the United Steel Workers of America, he was co-opted by the party. He travelled throughout Atlantic Canada and Ontario mostly doing work for the party. In May 1951, the Ontario CCF hired him, at the urging of Donald C. MacDonald, then the CCF's national organizer, who persuade Young to relocate from the Maritimes. He became the Ontario party's full-time organizer. In 1953, he ran for the leadership of the Ontario CCF, losing by six votes to Donald C. MacDonald in the CCF leadership convention. After five unsuccessful attempts to gain a public office, he won election to the town council of North York, Ontario in 1955. He served as deputy reeve and chair of the executive committee. He attempted on several occasions to win a seat for the CCF and its successor, the New Democratic Party (NDP) either at the federal or provincial level. He finally won election to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1963 provincial election for the North York riding of Yorkview. Young sat as an Ontario New Democratic Party Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) from 1963 until 1981. He was a friend of consumer advocate Ralph Nader. Both Nader and Young, as a legislator, fought for highway safety and mandatory use of seat belts. He was also an early advocate of airbags. In 1975, the Ontario government enacted the mandatory seatbelt reforms that he was advocating for years. As a legislator, Young became one of the first MPPs to open a community office to help his riding constituents. He was also responsible for writing the daily prayer used in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario throughout the later half of the 20th century. Later life Following his career in politics, the City of North York honoured him by naming a small park adjacent to York University after him in 1990. Young was hospitalized for many weeks at","title":"Fred Young (Ontario politician)"},{"docid":"3093205","text":"The First Ontario Parliament Buildings (or the Third Parliament Buildings of Upper Canada) were built between 1829 and 1832 near Front, John, Simcoe and Wellington Streets in what was then York, Upper Canada (now Toronto, Ontario). They served as the parliament buildings for Upper Canada, the Province of Canada, and the province of Ontario after Canadian Confederation in 1867. History The parliament buildings were the third legislature structures built by the Upper Canadian government in York, Upper Canada. Construction took place between 1829 and 1832, with J.G. Chewett, Cumberland & Storm (firm), Samuel Curry, John Ewart, John Howard and Thomas Rogers as the architects. Alterations took place in 1849. The buildings were the third constructed for the parliament of Upper Canada, which sat in them from 1832 to 1841. Upper Canada was absorbed into the Province of Canada in 1841, and its capital rotated among several locations. The buildings served as the seat of government for the new province at various times between 1849 and 1859. When the Province of Canada ceased to exist with the creation of Ontario at Confederation on July 1, 1867, Toronto was named the provincial capital, and these Front Street buildings were the first used by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Therefore, they are the Ontario legislature's first parliament buildings, but not the first parliament buildings ever built in present-day Ontario. The buildings were the last to have an upper chamber, as the new province of Ontario did not have a legislative council after 1866. The Front Street location served the Ontario legislature from Confederation until 1893, when the new Ontario Legislative Building was opened at Queen's Park. The old structure, left abandoned, rapidly degraded from the elements and from vandalism. By the turn of the century, the prevailing sentiment in Canada was in favour of progress and not sentimentality. The parliament buildings on Front Street were subsequently demolished between 1900 and 1903. The site of Ontario's first parliament buildings is now occupied by Simcoe Place and the Canadian Broadcasting Centre. See also Parliament Buildings of Upper Canada Notes External links History of Ontario's Legislative Buildings (Government of Ontario site) References Ontario Legislature Legislative buildings in Upper Canada Buildings and structures demolished in 1903 Demolished buildings and structures in Toronto Legislative buildings in Canada Legislative Assembly of Ontario Government buildings completed in 1832 Upper Canada College","title":"First Ontario Parliament Buildings"},{"docid":"1036175","text":"The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section) – The Farmer-Labor Party of Ontario, more commonly known as the Ontario CCF, was a democratic socialist provincial political party in Ontario that existed from 1932 to 1961. It was the provincial wing of the federal Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). The party had no leader in the beginning, and was governed by a provincial council and executive. The party's first Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) was elected by voters in the 1934 Ontario general election. In the 1937 general election, no CCF members were elected to the Ontario Legislature. In 1942, the party elected Toronto lawyer Ted Jolliffe as its first leader. He led the party to within a few seats of forming the government in the 1943 general election; instead, it formed the Official Opposition. In that election, the first two women were elected to the Ontario Legislature as CCFers: Agnes Macphail and Rae Luckock. The 1945 election was a setback, as the party lost most of its seats in the Legislature, including Jolliffe's seat. The party again became the Official Opposition after the 1948 general election, and defeated the Conservative premier George Drew in his seat, when Bill Temple unexpectedly won in the High Park constituency. The middle and late 1940s were the peak years for the Ontario CCF. After that time, its electoral performances were dismal, as it was reduced to a rump of two seats in the 1951 election, three seats in the 1955 election, and five seats in the 1959 election. Jolliffe stepped down as leader in 1953, and was replaced by Donald C. MacDonald. The period between the 1951 defeat and the founding of the Ontario New Democratic Party was one of much internal strife, but MacDonald managed to keep the party together, despite the constant electoral defeats. In October 1961, the party dissolved itself and became part of the New Democratic Party. History Origins The Ontario CCF was indirectly the successor to the 1919–23 United Farmers of Ontario–Labour coalition that formed the government in Ontario under Ernest C. Drury. While in 1934 several former United Farmer Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) became Liberal-Progressives aligned with the Ontario Liberal Party, the United Farmers of Ontario (UFO), as an organization, participated in the formation of the Ontario CCF, and was briefly affiliated with the party. After a meeting in Ottawa on May 26, 1932, that brought together all the Members of Parliament that belonged to the Ginger Group, and some members of the League for Social Reconstruction (LSR), the CCF was formed, making J. S. Woodsworth the de facto leader, and giving responsibility for organizing Ontario to Agnes Macphail of the UFO. Macphail, as president of the Ontario Provincial Council, persuaded her fellow delegates at the December 1932 UFO convention to affiliate with the CCF provincial council. After the 1933 Regina convention, the name of the party was introduced as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section) – The Farmer-Labor Party, though the shorter Ontario CCF was the","title":"Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section)"},{"docid":"67750244","text":"Changes to the Ontario Autism Programme in 2019 by the government of Ontario, led by Premier Doug Ford, caused significant controversy, resulting in a number of protests. After announcing the changes in February, aimed at clearing the long waiting list for the programme, but resulting in the potential loss of access to the service for many families, the government eventually partly reversed its reforms. Background In 2014, while a city councillor in Toronto, Ford came under criticism after opposing a group home for developmentally disabled people, including those with autism, in a west Etobicoke neighbourhood. He was first alleged to have told members of the home that they had \"ruined the community\", and then attempted to defend himself by stating that the presence of the home had dropped property prices in the neighbourhood and had been a \"nightmare\" for its neighbours. After the father of an autistic son filed an integrity complaint against Ford over the scandal, Ford told the Toronto Sun newspaper that the father had launched a jihad against him and that \"he can go to hell, I don't even care.\" The controversy was raised again during Ford's run in the 2014 Toronto mayoral election, to which Ford responded by stating that the media had distorted the issue. In 2016, the government of Ontario, then led by the Ontario Liberal Party and Premier Kathleen Wynne, announced that it would be eliminating government-funded access to intensive behaviour therapy for children aged five and above. After a significant outcry, the government reversed its decision and announced an additional $200 million in funding over the next four years. In the 2018 Ontario general election, the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won a majority in the election, capturing 76 of the 124 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and returning to government for the first time since 2003. As part of their platform, the PCs to add 100 million $ in funding per year to the Ontario Autism Programme. At the time of the election, there were 23 000 children on the waiting list for access to autism-related services in Ontario. Ontario Autism Programme reforms In November 2018, along with other cuts such as the 2018 Franco-Ontarian Black Thursday, the Ford government announced that it would be eliminating the Office of the Provincial Advocate for Children and Youth. On 4 February 2019, Progressive Conservative MPP Amy Fee published an article in the Toronto Star decrying the state of autism services in the province, stating that Two days later, Lisa MacLeod, the Minister of Children, Community and Social Services, held a press conference at Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital to announce a number of reforms to the Ontario Autism Programme, stating that \"we've heard how the autism program isn't working for the families who need support for their children.\" Among the reforms, the government would be doubling investment in autism diagnostic hubs up to $5,5 million a year, providing direct funding to families instead of to regional service","title":"2019 Ontario Autism Program controversy"},{"docid":"2606651","text":"This is a list of people who currently serve in one of the provincial or territorial legislative assemblies in Canada who are members of the New Democratic Party. The NDP does not currently hold any seats in the Legislative Assemblies of Quebec, Prince Edward Island or New Brunswick. The territorial assemblies in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, additionally, are non-partisan consensus government bodies. Alberta The Alberta New Democrats currently hold 24 (of the 87) seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, forming the official opposition. Rachel Notley, party leader and Leader of the Opposition Deron Bilous Jon Carson Joe Ceci Lorne Dach Thomas Dang Jasvir Deol David Eggen Richard Feehan Kathleen Ganley Nicole Goehring Christina Gray Janis Irwin Sarah Hoffman Rod Loyola Chris Nielsen Rakhi Pancholi Shannon Phillips Marie Renaud Irfan Sabir Marlin Schmidt David Shepherd Lori Sigurdson Heather Sweet British Columbia The British Columbia New Democratic Party currently hold 41 (of the 87) seats in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, forming the government. John Horgan, party leader and Premier Robin Austin Harry Bains Spencer Chandra Herbert Raj Chouhan Katrine Conroy Kathy Corrigan Judy Darcy Adrian Dix Doug Donaldson David Eby Mable Elmore Mike Farnworth Rob Fleming Scott Fraser Sue Hammell George Heyman Gary Holman Carole James Maurine Karagianis Leonard Krog Norm Macdonald Melanie Mark Michelle Mungall Lana Popham Bruce Ralston Jennifer Rice Selina Robinson Bill Routley Doug Routley Jane Shin Nicholas Simons Shane Simpson Claire Trevena Jodie Wickens Manitoba The Manitoba New Democratic Party holds 18 (of the 57) seats in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, forming the Official Opposition. Wab Kinew (Wabanakwut), Party leader and Leader of the Opposition Danielle Adams Nello Altomare Uzoma Asagwara Diljeet Brar Ian Bushie Nahanni Fontaine Amanda Lathlin Tom Lindsey Jim Maloway Malaya Marcelino Jamie Moses Lisa Naylor Adrien Sala Mintu Sandhu Bernadette Smith Mark Wasyliw Matt Wiebe Newfoundland and Labrador The New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador currently holds two seats in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly, and is the third party. Lorraine Michael Gerry Rogers Nova Scotia The Nova Scotia New Democratic Party currently holds five seats in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, and is the third party. Sterling Belliveau Denise Peterson-Rafuse Lisa Roberts Dave Wilson Lenore Zann Ontario The Ontario New Democratic Party holds 20 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and is the third party. Andrea Horwath, party leader Teresa Armstrong Gilles Bisson Sarah Campbell Cheri DiNovo Catherine Fife Cindy Forster Jennifer French Wayne Gates France Gélinas Lisa Gretzky Percy Hatfield Michael Mantha Paul Miller Taras Natyshak Peggy Sattler Jagmeet Singh Peter Tabuns Monique Taylor John Vanthof Saskatchewan The Saskatchewan New Democratic Party holds ten seats in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, forming the official opposition. Trent Wotherspoon, interim parliamentary leader and Leader of the Opposition Carla Beck Buckley Belanger Danielle Chartier David Forbes Warren McCall Nicole Rancourt Nicole Sarauer Cathy Sproule Doyle Vermette Yukon The Yukon New Democratic Party holds six seats in the Yukon Legislative Assembly, forming the official opposition. Elizabeth","title":"List of NDP members of provincial and territorial assemblies"},{"docid":"1166080","text":"David Joseph Levac (born April 6, 1954) is a retired Canadian politician who was the 41st speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2011 to 2018. Levac was elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1999 as a member of the Ontario Liberal Party. He served as the member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Brant until 2018 and is the Ontario legislature's longest serving speaker. Background Born in Brantford, Ontario, Levac attended Wilfrid Laurier University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1976. He completed teacher's college at Queen's University in 1977, beginning to work a teacher in the early 1980s, and became a principal in Brantford in 1989. In 1992, he attended Niagara University to complete a master's degree in education. Levac received the Canada 125 Medal in 1993, was named OECTA Distinguished Teacher in 1994 for his work in conflict resolution programs, and was named Brantford's Citizen of the Year in 1997 by readers of the Brantford Expositor. He also served as co-ordinator of Queen Elizabeth II's Royal Visit to Brantford in 1997. He was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002. In 2011 he was awarded the Chevalier of the Order of Merit for his educational efforts with respect to the Ukrainian famine in the 1930s. Political career Levac was elected in the 1999 provincial election, defeating Progressive Conservative (PC) candidate Alayne Sokoloski by 956 votes in the riding of Brant. The PCs won a majority government in this election, and Levac sat as an opposition member for the next four years. The Liberals won a majority government in the 2003 provincial election and Levac again defeated Sokoloski, this time by over 10,000 votes. Levac was named chief government whip. Levac was re-elected in 2007, 2011, and 2014. On April 9, 2009 Levac, along with co-sponsors Cheri DiNovo and Frank Klees passed bill 147 – the Holodomor Memorial Day Act. This was the first piece of legislation in Ontario history to be introduced with tri-partisan sponsorship. This historic legislation recognizes Ukrainian man-made famine as an act of Genocide. On January 25, 2010, Levac was named parliamentary assistant to the minister of energy and infrastructure. After the 2011 election, Levac was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He beat three other Liberal members, David Zimmer, Kevin Flynn, and Donna Cansfield. Cansfield was an early favourite for the position but lost to Levac on a second ballot after the New Democratic Party (NDP) voted in a bloc for Levac. No NDP or PC members put their names forward due to the Liberal government's delicate one-seat minority status in the legislature. Levac was re-elected as speaker after the 2014 election defeating four other contenders. On May 5, 2017, Levac announced he would not run for his seat again in the 2018 Ontario general election after 19 years in the legislature and seven of those years as speaker. In 2022, Levac was appointed to the Order of Ontario. Electoral record References External links 1954 births","title":"Dave Levac"},{"docid":"3562661","text":"The 6th Parliament of the Province of Canada was summoned in January 1858, following the general election for the Legislative Assembly in December 1857. Sessions were held in Toronto in 1858 and then in Quebec City from 1859. The Parliament was dissolved in May 1861. The 1858 parliamentary session was one of the longest and nastiest in Canadian history, opening in January 1858, just as news arrived from London that Queen Victoria had chosen Ottawa as the permanent seat for the Canadian government. In August 1858 the Macdonald-Cartier ministry carried out the divisive \"double shuffle\" that allowed the ministry to stay in power without facing by-elections. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly was Sir Henry Smith. Electoral system Each voter could cast as many votes as there were seats to fill in the district (First-past-the-post voting). Montreal and Quebec City elected three members; Toronto elected two members. All others elected just one member. (Previous to the next election, all districts were changed to single-member districts.) Canada East - 65 seats Canada West - 65 seats References Upper Canadian politics in the 1850s, Underhill (and others), University of Toronto Press (1967) External links Ontario's parliament buildings ; or, A century of legislation, 1792-1892 : a historical sketch Assemblée nationale du Québec (French) 1858 in Canada 06","title":"6th Parliament of the Province of Canada"},{"docid":"14276269","text":"The 2011 Ontario general election was held on October 6, 2011, to elect members of the 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The Ontario Liberal Party was elected to a minority government, with the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PC Party) serving as the Official Opposition and the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP) serving as the third party. In the final result, Premier McGuinty's party fell one seat short of winning a majority government. Under amendments passed by the Legislature in December 2005, Ontario elections were now held on fixed dates, namely the first Thursday of October every four years. The writ of election was issued by Lieutenant Governor David Onley on September 7, 2011. The election saw a then–record low voter turnout of 48.2%, only to be surpassed by the 2022 Ontario general election with 43.53%. Timeline 2007 October 10, 2007: Elections held for members of the Ontario Legislature in the 39th Legislative Assembly of Ontario. November 29, 2007: The 39th Legislative Assembly of Ontario officially opens with the Speech from the Throne. 2008 February 23, 2008: John Tory's continued leadership of the Progressive Conservative party is endorsed by 66.9% of delegates at a leadership review. June 14, 2008: Premier Dalton McGuinty receives the support of 95.4% of delegates from the Ontario Liberal Party's mandatory leadership review. June 14, 2008: NDP leader Howard Hampton announces he will be stepping down as party leader at the March 7, 2009 NDP leadership convention. 2009 January 9, 2009: Progressive Conservative MPP Laurie Scott announces her resignation from the legislature to allow party leader John Tory, who has been without a seat since his defeat in Don Valley West in the 2007 election, to re-enter the legislature. March 5, 2009: In the Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock by-election following Scott's resignation, Tory is defeated by Liberal candidate Rick Johnson. March 6, 2009: John Tory resigns as Progressive Conservative leader pending the selection of an interim party leader. March 7, 2009: Andrea Horwath is elected leader of the Ontario NDP at the party's 2009 leadership convention. June 27, 2009: Tim Hudak is elected leader of the Progressive Conservative party at its 2009 leadership election and also becomes the new Leader of the Opposition. September 17, 2009: Eric Hoskins is elected as the MPP for the riding of St. Paul's following the resignation of Michael Bryant on June 7, 2009. November 4, 2009: Mike Schreiner is affirmed as the new leader of the Green Party of Ontario, receiving 97% approval from the party membership defeating the None of the Above ballot option, in the 2009 leadership election. 2010 January 29, 2010: Bob Runciman resigns his seat to accept appointment to the Senate of Canada. February 1, 2010: Jim Watson resigns his seat to run for Mayor in the 2010 Ottawa municipal election February 4, 2010: Glen Murray is elected as the MPP for the riding of Toronto Centre following the resignation of George Smitherman on January 4, 2010. March 4, 2010: Bob Chiarelli is elected as the MPP for","title":"2011 Ontario general election"},{"docid":"661462","text":"The Legislative Assembly of Ontario (OLA; ) is the legislative chamber of the Canadian province of Ontario. Its elected members are known as Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). Bills passed by the Legislative Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Ontario to become law. Together, the Legislative Assembly and Lieutenant Governor make up the unicameral Legislature of Ontario or Parliament of Ontario. The assembly meets at the Ontario Legislative Building at Queen's Park in the provincial capital of Toronto. Ontario uses a Westminster-style parliamentary government in which members are elected to the Legislative Assembly through general elections using a \"first-past-the-post\" system. The premier of Ontario (the province's head of government) holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the Legislative Assembly, typically sitting as an MPP themselves and lead the largest party or a coalition in the Legislative Assembly. The largest party not forming the government is known as the Official Opposition, its leader being recognized as leader of the Opposition. The Ontario Legislature is sometimes referred to as the \"Ontario Provincial Parliament\". Members of the assembly refer to themselves as \"Members of the Provincial Parliament\" MPPs as opposed to \"Members of the Legislative Assembly\" (MLAs) as in many other provinces. Ontario is the only province to do so, in accordance with a resolution passed in the Assembly on April 7, 1938. However, the Legislative Assembly Act refers only to \"members of the Assembly\". The Legislative Assembly is the second largest Canadian provincial deliberative assembly by number of members after the National Assembly of Quebec. The current assembly was elected on June 2, 2022, as part of the 43rd Parliament of Ontario. Owing to the location of the Legislative Building on the grounds of Queen's Park, the metonym \"Queen's Park\" is often used to refer to both the provincial government and the Legislative Assembly. Lawmaking In accordance with the traditions of the Westminster system, most laws originate in the provincial cabinet (government bills) and are passed by the legislature after multiple rounds of debate and decision-making. Backbench legislators may introduce private legislation (private-member bills) or amend bills presented to the legislature by cabinet, playing an integral role in scrutinizing bills both at the debate as well as committee stages. In the Ontario legislature, this confrontation provides much of the material for Oral Questions and Members' Statements. Legislative scrutiny of the executive is also at the heart of much of the work carried out by the Legislature's Standing Committees, which are made up of ordinary backbenchers. A member's day will typically be divided among participating in the business of the House, attending caucus and committee meetings, speaking in various debates, or returning to his or her constituency to address the concerns, problems and grievances of constituents. Depending on personal inclination and political circumstances, some Members concentrate most of their attention on House matters while others focus on constituency problems, taking on something of an ombudsman's role in the process. Finally, it is the task","title":"Legislative Assembly of Ontario"},{"docid":"445732","text":"The 1867 Canadian federal election was held from August 7 to September 20, 1867, and was the first election for the new country of Canada. It was held to elect members representing electoral districts in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec to the House of Commons of the 1st Canadian Parliament. The provinces of Manitoba (1870) and British Columbia (1871) were created during the term of the 1st Parliament of Canada and were not part of this election. Sir John A. Macdonald had been sworn in as prime minister by the Governor General, Lord Monck, when the new Canadian nation was founded on 1 July 1867. As leader of the Conservative Party of Canada (known as the Liberal-Conservative Party until 1873), he led his party in this election and continued as Prime Minister of Canada when the Conservatives won a majority of the seats in the election, including majorities of the seats (and votes) in the new provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The Liberal Party of Canada won the second most seats overall, including a majority of the seats (and votes) in the province of New Brunswick. The Liberals did not have a party leader in the election. George Brown, who was the leader of the Liberal Party of Ontario, was considered the \"elder statesman\" of the national party. Brown ran concurrently for seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and the House of Commons of Canada, and might well have been Prime Minister in the unlikely event that the Liberals prevailed over the Conservatives in the national election. Brown failed to win a seat in either body, and the national Liberals remained officially leaderless until 1873. The Anti-Confederation Party, led by Joseph Howe, won the third most seats overall, based solely on a majority of seats (and votes) in the province of Nova Scotia. Their main desire was the reversal of the decision to join Confederation, which had become highly unpopular in that province. The goals of the Anti-Confederation Members of Parliament (MPs) were openly supported by five of the Liberal MPs of New Brunswick. The Anti-Confederation MPs sat with the Liberal caucus. When the government in Britain refused to allow Nova Scotia to secede, a majority of the Anti-Confederation MPs (11 of 18) moved to the Conservatives. Halifax was a two-member riding at the time of the election, while the City of Saint John was represented by its own district and the County of Saint John. The election in Kamouraska, Quebec was delayed due to rioting. Election The first Canadian election took place without a uniform set of election laws to govern the selection of members to the House of Commons, an interim measure until Parliament could pass its own election laws, which did not come until 1885. Instead, the election was contested under the rules set by each individual province prior to confederation, and future elections would be contested under provincial rules until a time when federal parliament set their own rules. Because","title":"1867 Canadian federal election"},{"docid":"14330061","text":"The 37th Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was in session from June 8, 1999, until May 5, 2003. Its membership was set by the general election of 1999. Majority was held by the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party led by Mike Harris. During the 36th Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Harris' government had passed legislation which realigned provincial electoral districts to match the boundaries in use for federal districts; accordingly, the 37th Assembly had a reduced number of seats, with just 103 members compared to 130 in the previous session. In the March 2002 leadership convention, following Mike Harris' resignation announcement, Ernie Eves was elected party leader. Gary Carr served as speaker for the assembly. Members Notes References Members in Parliament 37 Terms of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1999 establishments in Ontario 2003 disestablishments in Ontario","title":"37th Parliament of Ontario"},{"docid":"35667289","text":"Beauce was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada in Canada East, in a rural area south of Quebec City bordering on the United States. From 1841 to 1854, Beauce county had been included in the riding of Dorchester. In 1853, the provincial Parliament enacted a redistribution statute which enlarged the Legislative Assembly, from forty-two seats to sixty-five. The Beauce area was split off from Dorchester and made a separate riding. It was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The electoral district was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and Quebec. Boundaries The electoral district of Beauce was in a rural area south of Quebec City, bordering on the United States. Its territory is now included in the regional county municipalities of Beauce-Sartigan, Beauce-Centre and La Nouvelle-Beauce. The county of Beauce had been an electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1829 to 1838, when the Lower Canada Parliament was suspended after the Lower Canada Rebellion. The Union Act, 1840, passed by the British Parliament, merged the two provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished.Union Act, 1840, 3 & 4 Vict. (UK), c. 35, s. 2. The Union Act provided that Beauce would be merged with the county of Dorchester to form the Dorchester riding, represented by one member. In 1853, the Parliament of the Province of Canada expanded the Legislative Assembly, to take effect in the next general elections in 1854. Canada East's representation was expanded from forty-two seats to sixty-five seats. As part of the redistribution, the Beauce region was split off from the Dorchester riding and created as a separate riding. The boundaries of the new riding of Beauce were as follows: Members of the Legislative Assembly (1854–1867) Beauce was a single-member constituency, represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The following were the members of the Legislative Assembly for Beauce. The party affiliations are based on the biographies of individual members given by the National Assembly of Quebec, as well as votes in the Legislative Assembly. \"Party\" was a fluid concept, especially during the early years of the Province of Canada. Abolition The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act, 1867 came into force, creating Canada and splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario. It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. See also List of elections in the Province of Canada References Electoral districts of Canada East 1854 establishments in Canada East 1867 disestablishments in Quebec","title":"Beauce (Province of Canada electoral district)"},{"docid":"397208","text":"This article provides a summary of results for the general elections to the Canadian province of Ontario's unicameral legislative body, the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The number of seats has varied over time, from 82 for the first election in 1867, to a high of 130 for 1987, 1990 and 1995 elections. There are currently 124 seats. , Ontario elections are held every 4 years on the first Thursday in June. Prior to 1867, Canada's confederation, elections had been held in Ontario to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, starting in 1792. Results by general election See also Timeline of Canadian elections List of political parties in Ontario List of Ontario by-elections References Notes External links Elections Ontario Ontario general elections Elections, general","title":"List of Ontario general elections"},{"docid":"23312016","text":"The 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was a legislature of the government of the province of Ontario, Canada. The membership was set by the 2011 Ontario general election. It was controlled by a Liberal Party minority. The government was led by Premier Dalton McGuinty until his resignation resulted in the 2013 leadership election, which selected Kathleen Wynne as his successor. Wynne is the first woman ever to serve as Premier of Ontario. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led by Tim Hudak, and the third party was the New Democrats, led by Andrea Horwath. On May 2, 2014, Premier of Ontario Kathleen Wynne announced that she had formally requested that Lieutenant Governor of Ontario David Onley dissolve the 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario and call a provincial general election to occur on June 12, 2014. Timeline of the 40th Parliament of Ontario November 21, 2011 – Dave Levac (Liberal, Brant) is elected Speaker on the second ballot defeating three other candidates. November 22, 2011 – Speech from the Throne is delivered. March 29, 2012: Finance Minister Dwight Duncan delivers the provincial budget. April 23, 2012: After negotiations between the Liberals and the NDP, the minority government agrees to amend the budget by adding $242 million to child care funding, $20 million for northern and rural hospitals, increase welfare and disability benefits by 1 per cent at a cost of $55 million, and add a 2% surtax on the portion of individual income that exceeds $500,000 a year. April 24, 2012: Budget approved 52–37 with NDP MPPs abstaining. April 27, 2012: Progressive Conservative MPP Elizabeth Witmer (Kitchener—Waterloo) resigns her seat upon accepting a government appointment as chair of the Workplace Safety & Insurance Board. The vacancy results in the government and Opposition being tied in seats, however, as Speaker David Levac is a Liberal, the Opposition continues to have a one-seat advantage. A Liberal victory in this pending by-election and in the pending Vaughan by-election would give it a majority in the legislature. August 1, 2012: Liberal MPP Greg Sorbara (Vaughan) resigns his seat. September 6, 2012: By-elections held in the ridings of Kitchener—Waterloo and Vaughan. Catherine Fife (NDP) elected as MPP for Kitchener—Waterloo. Steven Del Duca (Liberal) elected as MPP for Vaughan. The NDP gains one seat in the Ontario Legislature while the Liberals retain their 53-seat minority. October 15, 2012: Premier McGuinty prorogues the legislature and announces his resignation as Liberal Party leader pending a leadership convention. February 11, 2013: Kathleen Wynne is sworn in as Premier, and a new cabinet in sworn in. February 14, 2013: Chris Bentley and Dwight Duncan, Liberal MPPs for London West and Windsor—Tecumseh, resign. June 11, 2013: Passage of the Wynne government's first budget, with the support of the NDP; legislature recesses for the summer. June 12, 2013: Former Premier Dalton McGuinty resigns his Ottawa South seat. June 27, 2013: Liberal MPP Margarett Best (Scarborough—Guildwood) resigns her seat. July 2, 2013: Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs Laurel Broten (Etobicoke—Lakeshore) resigns from Cabinet","title":"40th Parliament of Ontario"},{"docid":"13787585","text":"The 21st Legislative Assembly of Ontario was convened following the 1943 Ontario general election and was in session from August 4, 1943, until March 24, 1945, just prior to the 1945 general election. The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, formerly the Ontario Conservative Party, led by George Drew formed a minority government. The Liberals, having lost seats to both the Conservatives and the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, fell to third place. William James Stewart served as speaker for the assembly. Members elected to the Assembly Timeline References External links Members in Parliament 21 Terms of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1943 establishments in Ontario 1945 disestablishments in Ontario","title":"21st Parliament of Ontario"},{"docid":"30201415","text":"Michel Borne (September 19, 1784 – October 19, 1853) was a merchant and political figure in Canada East (now Quebec). He represented Rimouski in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1842. Borne resigned his seat to allow Robert Baldwin, the Reform leader from Canada West (now Ontario) to gain a seat in the Assembly. That manoeuvre was key to building the alliance between Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, which ultimately led to the establishment of responsible government in the Province of Canada. Biography Borne was born in Quebec City, the son of George Borne, a native of Grenoble, France, and Marie-Françoise Letellier. In 1808, Borne married Angélique Paquette. The couple had twelve children, six of whom died young. He was a merchant in Quebec City. In 1843, he was appointed the superintendent and collector of the Chambly Canal. On February 22, 1830, Borne married Charlotte Munro, also widowed, at Notre-Dame-de-Montréal. They had together five children. Michel Borne died in Chambly on October 19, 1853 after a short disease. Politics Lower Canada In 1828, Borne was an unsuccessful candidate for the Quebec Upper Town seat in the Lower Canada Legislative Assembly, losing to Thomas Lee. Borne was one of the first members of the new municipal council for Quebec City from 1840 to 1842. Province of Canada Following the Lower Canada Rebellion in 1837, and the similar rebellion in Upper Canada (now Ontario) the same year, the British government decided to merge the two provinces into a single province, as recommended by Lord Durham in the Durham Report. The Union Act, 1840, passed by the British Parliament, abolished the two provinces and their separate parliaments, and created the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament for the entire province, composed of an elected Legislative Assembly and an appointed Legislative Council. The Governor General initially retained a strong position in the government. Borne stood for election to the new Legislative Assembly in the first general election, in 1841, on an anti-union platform. He was elected by acclamation for the Rimouski riding. Borne was frequently absent during the first session of the new Parliament, and did not participate in the debate and vote on the union. During the sessions of 1841 and 1842, he generally aligned with the French-Canadian Group, in opposition to the government of Lord Sydenham. In the run-up to the first elections for the Legislative Assembly, Robert Baldwin, leader of the Reform group in Canada West, and Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, a leader of moderate French-Canadian nationalists in Canada East, had been in discussions about an alliance, with the goal of implementing responsible government in the new Province of Canada. When LaFontaine was unable to win election, due to mob violence in his constituency, Baldwin arranged for his nomination to a vacant seat in the Toronto area. LaFontaine won the by-election and entered Parliament, where he became one of the leaders of the French-Canadian Group. The next year, when Baldwin was defeated in a ministerial by-election, LaFontaine returned","title":"Michel Borne"},{"docid":"35545023","text":"A caucus services bureau is a quasi-partisan legislative office of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario that services members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). Each officially recognized political party in the legislature has a similar service bureau. Appropriations for caucuses are set out in section 73 of the Legislative Assembly Act. Role Legislative office service bureaus are unique within the Ontario Government in that they operate as quasi-partisan entities, distributing communications material with their party's respective logos (Pursuant to the Government Advertising Act, 2004, a government office cannot publish, display, broadcast, or distribute a reviewable item that is deemed to be partisan). Although service bureaus are not required to brand their communications material with partisan logos they are expressly forbidden from using a Government of Ontario logo on material that could be considered to promote the party in power, or its members or negatively depict those who oppose the government. Funding Caucus appropriations are distributed to government and opposition parties proportionate to how many seats in the legislature they hold, and are intended for research, communication and administrative services. Payments to an individual or company that total more than $50,000 in any given fiscal year are listed with Ontario's public accounts. Service bureaus are not subject to freedom-of-information rules. Current caucus service bureaus References Legislative Assembly of Ontario","title":"Caucus services bureau"},{"docid":"65126398","text":"Hastings was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West (now Ontario). Based on Hastings County, it fronted on the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario and extended north. It was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Hastings electoral district was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario. Boundaries Hastings electoral district was located on the north shore of the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario and extended north. It was based on Hastings County. The town of Belleville was the major centre. The Union Act, 1840 had merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished. The Union Act provided that the pre-existing electoral boundaries of Upper Canada would continue to be used in the new Parliament, unless altered by the Union Act itself. Hastings County had been an electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada. Its boundaries were not altered by the Union Act. Those boundaries had originally been set by a proclamation of the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe, in 1792: The boundaries had been further defined by a statute of Upper Canada in 1798: In 1821, the townships of Elzever, Madoc and Marmora were added to Hastings County. Since Hastings electoral district was not changed by the Union Act, those boundaries continued to be used for the new electoral district. Hastings was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. Members of the Legislative Assembly Hastings was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The following were the members for Hastings. Notes Significant elections Hastings was an important battleground during the first Parliament of the Province of Canada. Robert Baldwin, the leader of the Reform movement in Canada West, was elected in the general election of 1841, defeating Edmund Murney, who had represented Hastings in the last Parliament of Upper Canada. The next year, Baldwin and his political partner from Canada East, Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine both became members of the Executive Council, which was a significant step in the development of responsible government. However, the law at that time required that if a member of the Legislative Assembly took an office of profit under the Crown, they were required to vacate their seats and again stand for election. Baldwin did so, triggering a by-election. The by-election for Hastings was held in November, 1842 and became a significant battle between the Reform group and the Tories. Edmund Murney was again the candidate for the Tories, and he defeated Baldwin, which was a major loss for the Reformers. Lafontaine was able to persuade the sitting member of Rimouski in Canada East to retire, opening up the Rimouski seat. Baldwin then ran","title":"Hastings (Province of Canada electoral district)"},{"docid":"13410567","text":"The 15th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was in session from October 20, 1919, until May 10, 1923, just prior to the 1923 general election. The leading party in the chamber after the election was the United Farmers of Ontario. It formed a coalition government with 11 Labour MLAs and three Independent candidates of varying stripes. The coalition held a slight majority of the seats and the parties it represented had taken about 34 percent of the vote in the 1919 election. The rest of the votes had been split between the Conservatives, the Liberals and others, many of which were unsuccessful candidates. (Under First past the post, any votes cast for unsuccessful candidates are simply disregarded.) The UFO derived a benefit from winning many rural seats where the number of votes involved were less than in the urban districts. In North Brant the UFO candidate won while receiving only 3600 votes while in Ottawa West the Conservative candidate took 9000 votes to win his seat. The party approached Ernest Charles Drury, who had not run in the election, to serve as party leader and premier. Drury had not run in the 1919 election and was elected in a by-election held in Halton in 1920. He made it known that the coalition government party should be known by the name \"The People's Party.\" Most of the seats the United Farmers won were taken at the expense of the Conservative party, who had formed the government in the preceding assembly and would again regain power in 1923. Nelson Parliament served as speaker for the assembly. The power wielded by the UFO-Labour coalition enabled the passage of progressive Labour and farmer legislation. The government created the first Department of Welfare for the province and brought in allowances for widows and children, a minimum wage for women and standardized adoption procedures. The government also expanded Ontario Hydro and promoted rural electrification, created the Province of Ontario Savings Office - a provincially owned bank that lent money to farmers at a lower rate - began the first major reforestation program in North America, and began construction of the modern highway system. The government was a strict enforcer of the Ontario Temperance Act, enacted in 1916, and Prohibition stayed in force until 1927. The 1923 election saw the UFO-Labour coalition government defeated by a re-energized Conservative Party. The UFO vote stayed solid as compared to 1919 but the UFO suffered under First past the post and took about half the seats it was due. In 1924 (after the 1923 election), the provincial treasurer was found guilty of conspiracy to defraud the government following a series of events known as the Ontario Bond Scandal. In the waning days of the UFO-Labour government, the government attempted to reform the province's electoral system (to introduce proportional representation) but the effort failed, in part due to Conservative opposition. The UFO suffered under the First past the post electoral system used in the 1923 election, taking just about half the seats","title":"15th Parliament of Ontario"},{"docid":"1458350","text":"Melville Carlyle \"Bud\" Germa (August 5, 1920 — June 17, 1993) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Sudbury from 1967 to 1968 in the House of Commons of Canada, and from 1971 to 1981 in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He was a member of the New Democratic Party. Before entering politics, Germa was a labourer and union organizer in Sudbury, and served on Sudbury City Council. In 1964, while serving on city council, he advocated for Northern Ontario to separate from Ontario to become its own province. Federal politics Germa first ran as an NDP candidate in the 1965 election, losing to Liberal incumbent Rodger Mitchell. Mitchell died in 1967, however, and in the resulting byelection, Germa won the seat. The results were subject to a judicial recount, due to Germa's narrow margin of victory over Liberal candidate James Jerome, but the recount upheld Germa's victory. Unusually, but legally at the time, he did not resign his city council seat while serving as an MP, but held both positions concurrently. However, in the national election the following year, Jerome defeated Germa to reclaim the seat for the Liberals. Provincial politics Germa subsequently ran in the 1971 provincial election, winning the seat and representing Sudbury in the provincial legislative assembly as a member of the Ontario New Democratic Party. In 1972, he criticized the appointment of Jim Jessiman and Gaston Demers to the board of Ontario Northland. In 1975, Ontario Progressive Conservative Party MPP Frank Drea was forced to apologize in the legislature after claiming in a speech on gun control that some members of the opposition caucuses were members of \"Communist organizations\"; although Drea did not publicly name on the record who he was talking about, he was overheard by journalists in the press gallery telling a colleague that he was referring to Germa. He was reelected in the 1975 election, in a closely watched three-way race against Liberal Elmer Sopha, his predecessor as MPP, and Conservative Joe Fabbro, at the time the city's mayor. In this term, he served as chair of the legislature's standing committee on public accounts. In 1976, he strongly opposed the government's plan to sell off the former Burwash Industrial Farm site near Sudbury, although after a journalist from CKNC-TV interviewed him about the issue on the Burwash site, Progressive Conservative MPP Margaret Scrivener accused him of illegal trespassing. In 1977, after a list of doctors' billing fees to the Ontario Health Insurance Plan was released to the media, the Tories attempted to have Germa deposed as chair of the public accounts committee, although the move failed. He was reelected to a third term in the 1977 election. He was defeated in the 1981 election by Jim Gordon of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party. Electoral record References External links 1920 births 1993 deaths Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario New Democratic Party MPs Ontario New Democratic Party MPPs Sudbury, Ontario city councillors","title":"Bud Germa"},{"docid":"64792931","text":"Carleton was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West. It was based on Carleton County, fronting on the Ottawa River. Carleton electoral district was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the merger of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. It was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario. Boundaries Carleton electoral district was located in eastern Canada West (now the province of Ontario), on the Ottawa River, which formed the boundary with Canada East (now the province of Quebec). It was based on the boundaries of Carleton County. The electoral district surrounded Bytown, the county seat, but Bytown was not part of Carleton electoral district, being represented by its own electoral district. The Union Act, 1840 had merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished.Union Act, 1840, 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35, s. 2. The Union Act provided that the pre-existing electoral boundaries of Upper Canada would continue to be used in the new Parliament, unless altered by the Union Act itself. Carleton County had been an electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada and was continued with the same boundaries. The boundaries for Carleton had been set by a statute of Upper Canada in 1838: The only change from those boundaries was that the county seat, Bytown, was no longer included in Carleton. The Union Act provided that Bytown was its own electoral district in the new Parliament. The boundaries of Bytown electoral district were defined by the Governor General, and any parts of the town which were not included in Bytown electoral district were included in Carleton. In the run-up to the first general election, in 1841, the Governor General, Lord Sydenham, took personal credit for the creation of Bytown as a separate electoral district from Carleton. Members of the Legislative Assembly Carleton was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The following were the members for Carleton. Abolition The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act, 1867 came into force, creating Canada and splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario. It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. References Electoral districts of Canada West Electoral districts of Ottawa","title":"Carleton (Province of Canada electoral district)"},{"docid":"43272247","text":"The Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Canada was the shadow cabinet of the main Opposition party, responsible for holding Ministers to account and for developing and disseminating the party's policy positions. In the 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario, which lasted from 2014 until 2018, the Official Opposition was formed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. The Progressive Conservative MPP's not in the final shadow cabinet were former leader Tim Hudak and Jack MacLaren as well as Michael Harris. Elliott left politics and resigned her seat in 2015. See also Executive Council of Ontario Ontario New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario","title":"Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario"},{"docid":"4851283","text":"Thomas Parke (1793 – January 29, 1864) was an architect, builder, journalist and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in County Wicklow in Ireland in 1793 and came to York, Upper Canada (now Toronto, Ontario) in 1820. He worked with John Ewart as a master carpenter on a number of construction projects, including the new parliament buildings at York, to replace the first parliament buildings, burnt by American invaders in the War of 1812. In 1832, he moved to London, Upper Canada. He invested in property there and built a gristmill on the Thames River in 1833. He was also involved in projects to establish a railway link to the city and improve navigation on the Thames below London. In 1834, he and Elias Moore from Yarmouth were elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, for the two-member constituency, Middlesex County. They supported the Reform movement, which sought to increase popular control of the provincial government and reduce the influence of the oligarchic Family Compact. The pair was re-elected in 1836, in a very volatile election, a year before the Rebellion of 1837 broke out. In 1838, he was involved with a group of Reformers, including Francis Hincks, who were unhappy with the political environment of the time. They were considering the development of a settlement in Iowa for discontented Canadians. This project did not advance much further than initial planning, although Parke did make one scouting trip to Iowa to evaluate land options. In 1839, he was a co-founder of the Canada Inquirer, later the London Inquirer, a reform-oriented newspaper. He was appointed justice of the peace in the London District in 1840. Parke supported the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. His support was credited for the passage of resolutions in support of the Union in the last sessions of the Upper Canada Legislative Assembly in 1840. In 1841, Parke was elected to the first Parliament of the Province of Canada, as a moderate Reformer. He supported the union of the Canadas and consistently supported the government of the Governor General, Lord Sydenham, in the first session of the Parliament, while supporting Robert Baldwin in subsequent sessions. On June 7, 1841, Parke was also appointed Surveyor-General for the Province of Canada. Since that was an office of profit under the Crown, he was required to resign his seat in the Assembly. He was returned to the Assembly in subsequent by-election on July 10, 1841. Parke stood for re-election in the general election of 1844, but came in third, splitting the Reform vote. Edward Ermatinger, the Tory candidate, won the seat. In 1845, when the position of surveyor general was abolished, he was named customs collector at Port Colborne. He was named to the same post at Port Dalhousie (St Catharines) in 1860. Parke was married twice, and it is not certain exactly how many children he had with his two wives. It is known that he had at least four sons, all of whom","title":"Thomas Parke (architect)"},{"docid":"1046331","text":"Vernon Milton Singer (March 26, 1919 – September 20, 2003) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1959 to 1977 who represented the North York ridings of York Centre, Downsview and Wilson Heights. Background Singer was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of lawyer and politician Joseph Singer who was the first Jewish-Canadian to be elected to the Toronto Board of Control. After serving in World War II with the Royal Canadian Dragoons, Singer returned to Canada and became president of the Young Liberals in 1947. He worked for a while as a lawyer before entering politics. He and his wife Elaine had three children. Politics He became a councillor in North York, Ontario eventually becoming reeve from 1957 to 1958. He ran for the leadership of the Ontario Liberal Party at the 1958 Ontario Liberal leadership convention, placing fourth. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1959 provincial election. Singer became deputy leader of the Ontario Liberal Party and, as a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP), pushed for reforms to municipal law, automobile insurance and electoral laws as well as for the establishment of a provincial ombudsman. He served as Liberal House Leader in the 1970s and, in 1973, sued fellow Liberal MPP Eddie Sargent for libel after Sargent made remarks about Singer's retainer fee from a developer while he was appearing before a legislative committee to explain how he obtained the contract to build Ontario Hydro's new headquarters in Toronto. Singer was deputy leader of the Liberals from 1966 until 1973, when he was asked to step down by leader Robert Nixon, after he filed the lawsuit but was allowed to remain in the shadow cabinet. Singer was re-elected to the legislature on four successive occasions before retiring in 1977. His retirement was controversial as he announced it on the eve of that year's election campaign without giving his Liberal colleagues advance notice. The Progressive Conservatives won Singer's previously safe seat in the election and, the next year, the government appointed Singer to the first of five two-year terms on the Ontario Municipal Board including several years as its chairman. The incident resulted in accusations by NDP MPP Ed Ziemba that the government had bought Singer's seat, and that of fellow Liberal Philip Givens who left in similar circumstances, through political patronage. Later life Following his retirement from the Ontario Municipal Board in 1989, Singer won election to North York's committee of adjustment filling a seat vacated by Patti Starr when she was forced to resign as the result of a wider political scandal. References External links 1919 births 2003 deaths Mayors of North York Ontario Liberal Party MPPs Jewish mayors of places in Canada Metropolitan Toronto councillors Canadian Army personnel of World War II Royal Canadian Dragoons soldiers","title":"Vernon Singer"},{"docid":"35648537","text":"The list of Ontario by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of Ontario. By-elections occur whenever there is a vacancy in the Legislative Assembly, although an imminent general election may allow the vacancy to remain until the dissolution of parliament. Causes A by-election occurs whenever there is a vacancy in the Ontario legislature. Vacancies can occur for the following reasons: Death of a member. Resignation of a member. Voided results Expulsion from the legislature. Ineligibility to sit. When there is a vacancy, a by-election must be called within six months. Under amendments to the Election Act approved in 2016, a by-election is no longer required when a vacancy occurs in the 12 months leading up to a fixed general election date. Ministerial by-elections The list includes ministerial by-elections which occurred due to the requirement that incumbent members recontest their seats upon being appointed to Cabinet. These by-elections were almost always uncontested. This requirement was amended in 1926 to exempt ministers appointed within three months after a general election. In 1941 it was abolished completely. 43rd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2022–present 42nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2018–2022 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2014–2018 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2011–2014 39th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2007–2011 38th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2003–2007 37th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1999–2003 36th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1995–1999 35th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1990–1995 34th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1987–1990 33rd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1985–1987 32nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1981–1985 31st Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1977–1981 30th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1975–1977 no by-elections 29th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1971–1975 28th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1967–1971 27th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1963–1967 26th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1959–1963 25th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1955–1959 † Won by acclamation 24th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1951–1955 23rd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1948–1951 22nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1945–1948 21st Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1943–1945 20th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1937–1943 † Won by acclamation *Though nominally an \"Independent-Liberal\", MacBride was a supporter of the Liberal government and was a cabinet minister at the time of his death 19th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1934–1937 † Won by acclamation 18th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1929–1934 † Won by acclamation 17th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1926–1929 † Won by acclamation 16th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1923–1926 † Won by acclamation 15th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1919–1923 † Won by acclamation 14th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1914–1919 † Won by acclamation 13th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1911–1914 † Won by acclamation 12th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1908–1911 † Won by acclamation 11th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1905–1908 † Won by acclamation 10th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1902–1904 9th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1898–1902 † Won by acclamation 8th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1894–1898 † Won by acclamation 7th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1890–1894 † Won by acclamation 6th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1886–1890 † Won by acclamation 5th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1883–1886 † Won by acclamation 4th","title":"List of Ontario by-elections"},{"docid":"3098608","text":"The Adoption Information Disclosure Act, formally An Act respecting the disclosure of information and records to adopted persons and birth parents, also known as Bill 183, is an Ontario (Canada) law regarding the disclosure of information between parties involved in adoptions. The Act was passed by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 2005 and put into force on September 17, 2007. Significant sections of it were quashed just two days later in a ruling by Judge Edward Belobaba of the Ontario Superior Court. On November 13, 2007, the Ontario government announced that instead of appealing Belobaba's decision, it would opt to amend the act to contain a universal disclosure veto. It accordingly introduced the Access to Adoption Records Act on December 10, 2007, which passed third reading in May 2008 and took effect in September 2008. Background From 1927 until the mid-1980s, certain measures existed in Ontario to preserve anonymity between birth parents and adoptees; this was consistent with adoption practice elsewhere in Canada and the United States at that time. The practice was reduced but not eliminated for current adoptions, but there remained the question of what to do with existing adoption records: how does the right to information for either party compare with the obligation of honouring past commitments to privacy? Adoptees and birth parents could apply to be put onto the government-run Adoption Disclosure Register, but the process was long, the resources for active searches for birth relatives were limited, and success was not guaranteed. NDP MPP Marilyn Churley introduced several bills into the Legislative Assembly starting in the late 1990s. Her strong stance for open records was personally motivated, as she had placed a child for adoption years earlier and was later reunited with him. None of these bills were passed. Bill 183 In 2005, Sandra Pupatello introduced Bill 183, the Adoption Information Disclosure Act. It permits the disclosure, to an adult adoptee, of that adoptee's original full name, birth certificate, and the names of birth parents. To birth parents, it permits the disclosure of an adoptee's legal (adoptive) name. The bill was supported by the Ontario Association of Children's Aid Societies. It was criticized by others, many of whom were opposed to its lack of a general disclosure veto (see below). Ontario Privacy Commissioner Ann Cavoukian stated that the bill was insufficiently respectful of implicit or explicit promises of anonymity made to birth mothers in the past. Several adoptees including Denbigh Patton and birth parents campaigned actively against the bill, Patton arguing that he alone should decide when, if ever, to release his identity to his birth parents. Bill 183 was passed 68 to 19 by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on November 1, 2005. All 19 votes against the bill came from the opposition Conservatives, who objected to the lack of a disclosure veto provision. Disclosure veto question Unlike several other retroactive adoption disclosure laws in Canada and unlike any of Churley's proposals, Bill 183 did not have any universal \"disclosure veto\" provision. Such","title":"Adoption Information Disclosure Act"},{"docid":"13458974","text":"The 16th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was in session from June 25, 1923, until October 18, 1926, just prior to the 1926 general election. The majority party was the Ontario Conservative Party led by George Howard Ferguson. The United Farmers of Ontario party, who had held the balance of power in the preceding assembly, lost most of their seats to Conservatives. The Liberals led by Wellington Hay were recognized as the Official Opposition following the 1923 election by the governing Conservatives, despite the fact that the United Farmers of Ontario had more seats. According to historian Peter Oliver, this was an arbitrary decision without basis in precedent or law. Conservative Premier G. Howard Ferguson used as justification an announcement by UFO general secretary James J. Morrison that the UFO would be withdrawing from party politics, though Oliver argues that this was facetious logic. UFO parliamentary leader Manning Doherty protested the decision, but to no avail. In the course of the parliament, most UFO MLAs reorganized themselves as the Progressive Party under the leadership of first Manning Doherty and then William Raney, with only Beniah Bowman and Leslie Warner Oke continuing as UFO MLAs. Joseph Elijah Thompson served as speaker for the assembly. Members elected to the Assembly Listing reflects the UFO/Progressive split in 1924. Italicized names indicate members returned by acclamation. Timeline External links Members in Parliament 16 References Terms of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1923 establishments in Ontario 1926 disestablishments in Ontario","title":"16th Parliament of Ontario"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"1662251\",\n \"text\": \"Joan Mary Fawcett (April 19, 1937 – August 16, 2015) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. She served as a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1987 to 1995 who represented the eastern Ontario riding of Northumberland. Background Fawcett was educated at Ottawa Teachers' College and Queen's University in Kingston. She worked as a teacher after her graduation. She and her husband Robert raised three children. Politics Fawcett served as reeve of Colborne, Northumberland County, Ontario, before her provincial career. She ran for the Ontario legislature in the 1985 provincial election, but lost to Progressive Conservative Howard Sheppard by fewer than 2000 votes in the rural, eastern-Ontario riding of Northumberland. She ran again in the 1987 provincial election, and defeated Sheppard by 1376 votes amid a landslide majority victory for the Liberals under David Peterson. Fawcett was appointed Deputy Government Whip, served as chair of the Liberal rural caucus from 1988 to 1990, and was appointed as parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Skills Development in 1989. The Liberals were defeated by the New Democratic Party in the 1990 provincial election. Although the Liberals lost many of their marginal seats in this election, Fawcett was re-elected over Progressive Conservative candidate Angus Read by 1094 votes; the NDP candidate was a close third. Fawcett served as her party's caucus chair from 1990 to 1992, and held a variety of critic positions. The Progressive Conservatives won a majority government in the 1995 provincial election, and Fawcett lost the Northumberland riding to Progressive Conservative Doug Galt by over 6000 votes. Fawcett retired from politics and moved to Howe Island with her husband and died in Cobourg, Ontario, on August 16, 2015, at Northumberland Hills Hospital at the age of 78 from a massive stroke. She was survived by her three children and a sister, as well as extended family. References External links 1937 births 2015 deaths Ontario Liberal Party MPPs Women MPPs in Ontario Politicians from Kingston, Ontario\",\n \"title\": \"Joan Fawcett\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"489259\",\n \"text\": \"George Howard Ferguson, PC (June 18, 1870 – February 21, 1946) was the ninth premier of Ontario, from 1923 to 1930. He was a Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1905 to 1930 who represented the eastern provincial riding of Grenville. Background The son of Charles Frederick Ferguson, who served in the Canadian House of Commons, Ferguson studied at the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall, was called to the Ontario bar in 1894, and returned to Kemptville to practise. Ferguson was elected to the municipal council and served three years as reeve of Kemptville. He married Ella Cumming in 1896. Early political career First elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1905 election, Ferguson served as Minister of Lands, Forest, and Mines in the government of William Howard Hearst from 1914 to 1919. Ferguson approved the reservation of of pulpwood on crown land to the Mead Corporation, and a further to Abitibi Power and Paper Company although the Crown Timber Act required pulp limits to be sold by public tender. He declared, \\\"My ambition has been to see the largest paper industry in the world established in the Province, and my attitude towards the pulp and paper industry has been directed towards assisting in bringing this about.\\\" After becoming Premier of Ontario in 1923, Ferguson reserved a further to Abitibi. In addition, he sold timber limits to the Shevlin-Clarke Lumber Company (headed by the fellow Conservative James Arthur Mathieu) for less than half the price they would have normally fetched, and the company later paid a fine of $1.5 million for breaching the Crown Timber Act. The transactions were criticized in a subsequent inquiry, in which the commission reported: Ferguson became leader of the Conservative Party upon the defeat of the Hearst government that year. Premiership In the 1923 election, the Ontario Conservative Party came to power under Ferguson's leadership by defeating the United Farmers of Ontario-Labour coalition government of Ernest C. Drury. The Conservatives won 75 of the 111 seats in the legislature. Ferguson's government encouraged private investment in industry and the development of the province's natural resources as a means of achieving prosperity. It was re-elected in the 1926 election with 72 seats and in 1929 with 90 seats. French policy In 1911, Ferguson argued in the legislature that \\\"no language other than English should be used as a medium of instruction in the schools of this Province\\\" although that a significant proportion of the population was French-Canadian. Sectarian politics was still rife in Ontario, and the Conservatives relied on a base of Orange support. Ferguson was prepared to pander to the Orangemen with anti-Catholic and anti-French rhetoric. In 1912, the Ontario government passed Regulation 17, which greatly restricted the use of French language instruction. The legislation outraged Quebec and was an irritant to national unity during the First World War. When Ferguson became premier, he reversed himself by moderating the legislation and allowing more French-language instruction. His government, however, refused to\",\n \"title\": \"Howard Ferguson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5659808\",\n \"text\": \"George Bennett (March 10, 1887 - February 29, 1948) was the 19th Mayor of the City of Windsor and a Member of Provincial Parliament in Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1943 to 1945. He represented the riding of Windsor—Sandwich for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). Bennett's time as a mayor was brief, from 1935 to 1936. He was preceded by David Croll and succeeded by Ernest S. Wigle. Bennett was elected in a surprise sweep by the CCF and Ted Jolliffe in 1943, where his party went from no seats to 34. He served on several Legislative Committees including Public Accounts, Municipal Law, and Game and Fish. He lost his seat in 1945, along with many of his fellow CCF MPP's. Windsor-Sandwich would not be represented by a social democrat until 1967 when Hugh Peacock was elected. In 1910 he married Hannah Elizabeth Hackney. He died in Windsor, Ontario at the age of 60. References External links 1888 births 1948 deaths 20th-century Canadian legislators Mayors of Windsor, Ontario Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation MPPs\",\n \"title\": \"George Bennett (Ontario politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"57630563\",\n \"text\": \"The 42nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario was a legislature of the province of Ontario, Canada. The membership was set by the 2018 Ontario general election and sat for two sessions until it was dissolved on May 3, 2022 in advance of the 2022 Ontario general election. A majority government was formed by the Progressive Conservative Party with leader Doug Ford serving as Premier of Ontario. The Official Opposition, and the only other recognized party, was the Ontario New Democratic Party led by Andrea Horwath. The Ontario Liberal Party and Green Party of Ontario also elected members to seats in the legislature, but neither elected enough MPPs for official party status. At dissolution, the New Blue Party of Ontario and the Ontario Party each had one MPP, but also lacked official party status. Ford was officially sworn in as Premier of Ontario by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario on June 29, 2018. The first session of the 42nd Legislative Assembly was opened on July 11, 2018 with the election of Ted Arnott as Speaker. Election and appointments The Members of the Provincial Parliament (MPP) that served in the Legislative Assembly of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario were elected in the general election held on June 7, 2018. The election returned 76 Progressive Conservatives, 40 NDP members, 7 Liberals, and 1 Green. This allowed the Progressive Conservative Party to form a majority government with its leader Doug Ford becoming Premier and the NDP forming the Official Opposition. Neither the Liberals, nor the Green Party had sufficient number of seats to provide them with party status in the legislative assembly. Ford assembled a 21-member Cabinet which was sworn in by Lieutenant Governor Elizabeth Dowdeswell on June 29. The cabinet featured Ford as Premier and Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs with former Progressive Conservative leadership candidates Christine Elliott as Deputy Premier and Minister of Health, and Caroline Mulroney as Attorney General. Former interim leaders of the Progressive Conservatives Vic Fedeli and Jim Wilson were assigned to be Minister of Finance and Minister of Economic Development, respectively. This initial cabinet also featured Lisa MacLeod as both Minister of Community and Social Services and Minister of Children and Youth Services, Lisa Thompson as Minister of Education, Rod Phillips as Minister of the Environment, and John Yakabuski as Minister of Transportation. In addition, 26 other Progressive Conservative MPPs were appointed to be parliamentary assistants. Todd Smith was appointed Government House Leader and Ted Arnott was elected Speaker. The first change to the Cabinet came on November 2, 2018, when Jim Wilson resigned to sit as an independent and Todd Smith assumed his role as Minister of Economic Development. The first major cabinet shuffle came on June 20, 2019, as the premier expanded the cabinet to 28 members with 31 other Progressive Conservative MPPs being parliamentary assistants. Doug Downey, Paul Calandra, Stephen Lecce and Ross Romano were promoted to cabinet to be Attorney General, Government House Leader, Minister of Education, and Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities, respectively. Jill\",\n \"title\": \"42nd Parliament of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1046191\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Richard William Scott, (February 24, 1825 – April 23, 1913) was a Canadian politician and cabinet minister. Early life He was born in Prescott, Ontario, in 1825, a descendant of a family from County Clare. A lawyer by training, Scott was admitted to the bar in 1848 and established a practice in Bytown (now Ottawa). Political career Scott became a member of municipal council in 1851, was mayor of Bytown in 1852, and held a seat in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1857 to 1863. With Canadian Confederation, Scott won a seat in the Ontario legislature as a Liberal representing Ottawa from 1867 to 1871. He was Speaker of the legislature briefly in December 1871 before he was appointed to the provincial cabinet as Commissioner of Crown Lands. Scott played a leading role in passing legislation ensuring the rights of separate schools in Ontario. In November 1873, he left provincial politics when he was appointed minister without portfolio by Alexander Mackenzie in the federal Cabinet. Mackenzie had become prime minister after Sir John A. Macdonald's government had been forced to resign because of the Pacific Scandal. Scott was appointed to the Senate of Canada by Mackenzie in January 1874 and became Secretary of State for Canada and Leader of the Government in the Senate. A supporter of temperance, he drafted the \\\"Scott Act,\\\" which allowed any county or municipality in Canada to prohibit the retail sale of liquor by majority vote. With the defeat of the Liberal government in the 1878 election, Scott became Leader of the Opposition in the Senate until the return of the Liberals to government, under Wilfrid Laurier. Scott resumed his old Cabinet position of Secretary of State. Scott retired from the cabinet in 1908 but remained in the Senate until his death in 1913. He was made a knight in 1909 by King Edward VII. Family Richard William Scott was married in Philadelphia, Pa., November 8, 1853, to Mary Heron, the daughter of John Heron and Frances, his wife. She was born and educated in Dublin, Ireland. The couple had two sons William L. Scott, Local Master in Chancery, and D Arcy Scott, Barrister, Ottawa and four daughters. Before her marriage, Mrs. Scott was a professional singer who toured in Canada and the United States as a member of \\\"The Heron sisters.\\\" The couple lived at 274 Daly Avenue, Ottawa. She served on the Executive Committee of the National Council of Women and as a Vice-President of the Local Council. Archives There is a Richard William Scott fonds at Library and Archives Canada. Electoral history References External links Member's Parliamentary History at the Legislative Assembly of Ontario Sir Richard Scott, PC , KC 1825 births 1913 deaths Mayors of Bytown Canadian Knights Bachelor Lawyers in Ontario Canadian King's Counsel Canadian senators from Ontario Canadian people of Irish descent Liberal Party of Canada senators Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West Members of the King's\",\n \"title\": \"Richard William Scott\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"71430374\",\n \"text\": \"Section 69 of the Constitution Act, 1867 () is a provision of the Constitution of Canada creating the Legislature of the province of Ontario, which did not exist prior to 1867. The Constitution Act, 1867 created Ontario, including the institutions of the new provincial government, such as the Legislature. The Constitution Act, 1867 is the constitutional statute which established Canada. Originally named the British North America Act, 1867, the Act continues to be the foundational statute for the Constitution of Canada, although it has been amended many times since 1867. It is now recognised as part of the supreme law of Canada. Constitution Act, 1867 The Constitution Act, 1867 is part of the Constitution of Canada and thus part of the supreme law of Canada. It was the product of extensive negotiations by the governments of the British North American provinces in the 1860s. The Act sets out the constitutional framework of Canada, including the structure of the federal government and the powers of the federal government and the provinces. Originally enacted in 1867 by the British Parliament under the name the British North America Act, 1867, in 1982 the Act was brought under full Canadian control through the Patriation of the Constitution, and was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867. Since Patriation the Act can only be amended in Canada, under the amending formula set out in the Constitution Act, 1982. Text of section 69 Section 69 reads: Section 69 is found in Part V of the Constitution Act, 1867, dealing with provincial constitutions. It has not been amended since the Act was enacted in 1867. Purpose and interpretation The province of Ontario did not exist prior to 1867. From 1841 to Confederation in 1867, what are now the provinces of Ontario and Quebec formed the single Province of Canada. Section 6 of the Act split the Province of Canada into the two new and separate provinces. The Constitution Act, 1867 therefore had to create the government institutions for the two new provinces. Section 69 of the Act created the Legislature of Ontario as a unicameral legislature, consisting of the elected Legislative Assembly and the appointed Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, the representative of the Crown. The Assembly originally had 82 seats, the same as the new federal House of Commons. The Legislative Assembly also used the same electoral map as the House of Commons, set out in the First Schedule of the Act. The unicameral legislature was the first in British North America. Prime Minister John A. Macdonald explained that it was sufficient to have a unicameral legislature for what he considered to be a \\\"subordinate Legislature\\\", in the nature of a municipal body. However, the courts have held that the provincial legislatures do not act as delegates of the federal Parliament. Instead, the provinces exercise plenary legislative powers. The purpose of the federation was not to subordinate the provinces to the federal government. Rather, with respect to matters assigned to the provinces, \\\"each province retain[s] its independence and autonomy.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Section 69 of the Constitution Act, 1867\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12097345\",\n \"text\": \"William Manley German (May 25, 1851 – March 31, 1933) was an Ontario barrister and political figure. He represented Welland in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1894 to 1900 and in the House of Commons of Canada from 1891 to 1892, from 1900 to 1917 and from 1921 to 1925 as a Liberal member. He was born in Hillier Township, Prince Edward County, Canada West, the son of George German whose parents were United Empire Loyalists from New York state. He studied at Victoria College in Cobourg. German articled in law with Lewis Wallbridge in Belleville and then Edward Fitzgerald in Toronto. He was called to the bar in 1883 and set up practice in Welland. In 1885, he married Henrietta Aylmer Macdonald. German was deputy reeve for Welland in 1890. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1891 but unseated after an appeal. German resigned his seat in the provincial assembly in 1900 to sit in the federal parliament. He ran unsuccessfully in 1917 and 1926 for the Welland seat in the House of Commons. German introduced legislation in the House of Commons to establish a bridge commission which led to the construction of the Peace Bridge between Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York; similar legislation had been introduced in the United States Congress and the New York State Legislature. He was vice-president of the Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Company established to build the bridge. References The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1891 JA Gemmill Member's parliamentary history for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario The History of the County of Welland, Ontario, its past and present (1887) 1851 births 1933 deaths Ontario Liberal Party MPPs Liberal Party of Canada MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario People from Prince Edward County, Ontario\",\n \"title\": \"William Manley German\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8857887\",\n \"text\": \"This is a list of the Parliaments of the Ontario Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Canadian province of Ontario, since Canadian Confederation in 1867. The Legislative Assembly has existed since 1867 when the British North America Act, 1867 severed the Province of Canada into two new provinces, with the portion then called Canada West becoming Ontario. For the Parliaments prior to Confederation, see Parliament of the Province of Canada (1841 to 1867) and Parliament of Upper Canada (1791 to 1841). List of Parliaments Although they had fewer seats than the Conservatives, the Liberals formed a minority government with the support of the NDP. Sources Legislative Assemblies\",\n \"title\": \"List of Ontario Legislative Assemblies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3440342\",\n \"text\": \"The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada was the lower house of the Parliament of the Province of Canada. The Province of Canada consisted of the former province of Lower Canada, then known as Canada East (now Quebec), and Upper Canada, then known as Canada West (now Ontario). It was created by The Union Act, 1840. Canada East and Canada West each elected 42 members to the assembly for the first four parliaments. In 1853, following the 1851 Canadian census, the number of seats in the assembly was increased by the 4th Parliament of the Province of Canada from 84 to 130, 65 for each section, even though Canada West had a slightly larger population. The Parliamentary Representation Act of June 1853 was to take effect with the election for the 5th Parliament of the Province of Canada. The upper house of the legislature was called the Legislative Council. The two houses, the lower house and the upper house, constituted the Parliament of the Province of Canada. (See List of Parliaments below) The first session of parliament began in Kingston in Canada West in 1841. The second parliament and the first sessions of the third parliament were held in Montreal. On April 25, 1849, rioters protesting the Rebellion Losses Bill burned the parliament buildings. The remaining sessions of the third parliament were held in Toronto. Subsequent parliaments were held in Quebec City and Toronto, except for the last session June–August 1866 of the eighth and final parliament, which was held in the newly built Parliament building in Ottawa, the capital chosen for the Dominion of Canada. The British North America Act of 1867 divided the Province of Canada into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, each province having its own Legislative Assembly, as well as representation in the Parliament of Canada. Seat of Government and Parliament Buildings Parliament for the United Provinces of Canada drifted around the cities of Toronto, Kingston, Montreal, Quebec City and Ottawa. For exhaustive detail on how Parliament tried to resolve the issue of a permanent capital, see below David B. Knight, Choosing Canada's Capital: Conflict Resolution in a Parliamentary System (Carleton Library Series, 1991). 1841–1843 three sessions were held at the three-storey Kingston General Hospital 1843 Parliament moves to Montreal and sites at renovated St. Anne's Market; burned down in 1849; rebuilt as market only and burned down again in 1902; site later was a parking lot and now public square called Place d'Youville. 1849 temporary sites for Parliament at Bonsecours Market and the Freemason's Hall, Montreal for single session. 1849–1850 Parliament returns to Toronto to the site of the Third Parliament Buildings at Front and Simcoe Streets. 1851 Parliament relocates to Quebec City in 1851 to the Quebec Parliament Building until fire destroys the building in 1854. 1854–1859 Parliament remains in Quebec City and relocates to Quebec Music Hall and Quebec City Courthouse. 1859 Parliament returns to Toronto to the site of the last parliament held there in 1849–1851 sessions. 1860–1865 Parliament returns\",\n \"title\": \"Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"37547225\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Stewart Bevan-Baker (born 3 June 1962) is a Scottish-Canadian politician. He served as the leader of the Green Party of Prince Edward Island from 2012 to 2023. He is currently the member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island representing New Haven-Rocky Point (formerly representing Kellys Cross-Cumberland). He previously stood as a candidate for both the Green Party of Ontario and the Green Party of Canada. Bevan-Baker is a dentist by profession as well as being an active writer, musician and public speaker. Bevan-Baker served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in the 66th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 2019 to 2023. Personal life He is the second child of composer John Bevan Baker and June Findlay. He holds a Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree from the University of Glasgow. In 1985 he emigrated to Canada, living first in Lewisporte, Newfoundland and then Brockville, Ontario before settling in Prince Edward Island in 2003. He became a Canadian citizen in 1992. Political career Bevan-Baker joined the Green Party of Canada in 1992, and has run as a candidate for the House of Commons of Canada in the elections of 1993, 1997 in the riding of Leeds—Grenville and provincially in 1995 in the riding of Leeds-Grenville in Ontario, and 2008 and 2011 in Malpeque, PEI. In 1997, he ran on a platform that advocated establishing a Genuine Progress Index (GPI). This was proposed to replace the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the standard measure for assessing national progress with an index that gauged the health and well-being of people, communities and eco-systems. Though not elected from 1997 to 2001, he forged an alliance with Liberal MP Joe Jordan to draft the Canada Well-Being Measurement Bill (C-268), which incorporated many of the central tenets of the GPI. The bill received first reading on 14 February 2001, but did not become law. Bevan-Baker has also run three times as a candidate in provincial elections in Ontario, and on Prince Edward Island in the riding of Kelly's Cross-Cumberland in 2007 and 2011. In 2012 he spearheaded a coalition from a broad spectrum of Islanders against a project known as \\\"Plan B\\\", which involved rerouting a portion of the Trans Canada Highway through a section of ancient Acadian forest, citing negative environmental and fiscal implications for the province. In 2015, Bevan-Baker was elected to the Prince Edward Island Legislative Assembly with 54% of the vote, winning the first-ever seat for the Green Party of Prince Edward Island. It was his tenth attempt at winning a seat. He is the third member of a provincial Green Party to win a seat in a provincial legislature in Canada, following Andrew Weaver in British Columbia and David Coon in New Brunswick. In 2019 the Green Party under Bevan-Baker's leadership witnessed the best electoral performance of any Green Party in Canada, finishing with enough seats to form the Official Opposition, marking the first time that the Green Party has formed the Official Opposition at any\",\n \"title\": \"Peter Bevan-Baker\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"72735022\",\n \"text\": \"The Ford family is a Canadian political family, who have English heritage. It includes the former Toronto Mayor Rob Ford and current Ontario Premier and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, Doug Ford. Notable members Doug Ford Sr. (1933 – 2006) Canadian businessperson and Ontario politician. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 1999 representing the riding of Etobicoke—Humber. He was the father of Rob Ford, and Doug Ford. Doug Ford (born 1964) Canadian politician and businessperson who has served as the 26th and current premier of Ontario since June 2018 and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario since March 2018. He represents the Toronto riding of Etobicoke North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Rob Ford (1969 – 2016) was a Canadian politician and businessperson who served as the 64th mayor of Toronto from 2010 to 2014. Before and after his term as mayor, Ford was a city councillor representing Ward 2 Etobicoke North. He was first elected to Toronto City Council in the 2000 Toronto municipal election, and was re-elected to his council seat twice. Krista Haynes (née Ford; born 1991) is a former Canadian professional women's American football player and conspiracy theorist. She is a daughter of Doug Ford. She was the captain the Legends Football League team Toronto Triumph. Michael Ford (born Michael Douglas Aldo Ford Stirpe; 1994) is a Canadian politician who has been the Ontario minister of citizenship and multiculturalism since June 24, 2022. A member of the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party, he has represented York South—Weston in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 2022. Ford previously served on Toronto City Council from 2016 to 2022. First elected as a Toronto District School Board trustee in 2014, he later won a 2016 by-election for the council seat which was vacated upon the death of Rob Ford, before he was elected as a member of Provincial Parliament in 2022. He is the nephew of Doug Ford and Rob Ford. Ancestry The family have English heritage. The Toronto Sun cited online sources indicating that Doug and Rob Ford's paternal grandfather Ernest Ford moved from England to Canada in 1902 at the age of 11 as part of the Home Children immigration scheme. Offices held Legislative Assembly of Ontario member 1995 – 1996 (Doug Ford Sr.) 2018 – present (Doug Ford) 2022 – present (Michael Ford) Premier of Ontario 2018 – present Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leader 2018 – present Mayor of Toronto 2010 – 2014 Toronto city councillor 2000 – 2010, 2014 – 2016 (Rob Ford) 2010 – 2014 (Doug Ford) 2018 – 2022 (Michael Ford) Ontario Minister of Citizenship and Multiculturalism 2022 – present Toronto District School Board trustee 2014 – 2016 See also Trudeau family Mulroney family Hardisty family References Political families of Canada Politicians from Toronto\",\n \"title\": \"Ford family (Canada)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13496221\",\n \"text\": \"Ottawa West—Nepean () is a provincial electoral district in eastern Ontario, Canada. It elects one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The riding is represented in the Ontario legislature by the NDP's Chandra Pasma. The riding has been fairly solidly Liberal. In the 1999 provincial election, former Member of Provincial Parliament Alex Cullen lost the nomination to Rick Chiarelli following fierce party battles. Cullen instead ran for the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP). The seat was won by Tory Garry Guzzo. In the 2003 provincial election, former Ottawa mayor Jim Watson ousted Guzzo. Former Ottawa mayor Bob Chiarelli won the seat in a March 4, 2010, by-election, after Jim Watson left his seat to run in the 2010 Ottawa municipal election. Chiarelli lost his seat to PC Jeremy Roberts in 2018 which saw the former governing Liberals fall to third place in the legislature. In the 2022 provincial election the NDP's Chandra Pasma defeated Roberts, the only PC incumbent to lose his seat in the election. This marked the first time the NDP had ever won the seat, either provincially or federally. History The electoral district was created in 1999 from 77% of Ottawa West, 38% of Nepean and 21% of Ottawa—Rideau. Members of Provincial Parliament This riding has elected the following members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario: Election results 2007 electoral reform referendum References External links Map of riding for 2018 election Provincial electoral districts of Ottawa\",\n \"title\": \"Ottawa West—Nepean (provincial electoral district)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4543928\",\n \"text\": \"Hermon (Herman) Henry Cook (April 26, 1837 – April 12, 1914) was an Ontario lumber merchant and political figure. He represented Simcoe North in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1872 to 1878 and Simcoe East from 1882 to 1891. He also represented Simcoe East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member from 1879 to 1882. Life He was born in Williamsburgh Township in Dundas County Upper Canada in 1826, the son of George Cook and Sarah Castleman, and was educated in Iroquois. He established himself as a lumber merchant in Simcoe County and set up a sawmill near the current site of the town of Midland, Ontario. With the completion of the Midland Railway of Canada, his timber business prospered. In 1861, he married Lydia White. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Ontario assembly in 1871. Cook resigned his seat in the provincial assembly in 1882 to run for a federal seat. He died in Toronto at the age of 76. Relatives His brother James William represented Dundas in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and his brother Simon represented Dundas in the House of Commons of Canada. His uncle John Cook had earlier represented Dundas in the legislative assembly for Upper Canada. Electoral record |- |Conservative |William Humphrey Bennett |align=\\\"right\\\"| 3,236 |Liberal |Hermon Henry Cook |align=\\\"right\\\"| 3,111 References External links Herman Henry Cook 1837 births 1914 deaths Liberal Party of Canada MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario Ontario Liberal Party MPPs People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry\",\n \"title\": \"Hermon Henry Cook\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1069313\",\n \"text\": \"Leopold Macaulay (November 25, 1887 – December 24, 1979) was a Canadian politician and lawyer, born in Peterborough, Ontario. Macaulay was a Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He was first elected as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the Toronto area riding of York South in 1926. He was brought into the cabinet as Provincial Secretary and Registrar in September 1930 in the last few weeks of the administration of Ontario Premier George Howard Ferguson. He was retained in that position when Ferguson's successor, George Henry formed his cabinet in December. Macaulay went on to serve as Minister of Highways from 1931 to 1934 and also Minister of Public Works for six months before the defeat of the Henry government by Mitchell Hepburn's Ontario Liberal Party in the 1934 Ontario election. Macaulay kept his seat through the election and, in 1936, he was a candidate in the Ontario Conservative leadership convention placing fourth. He remained in the legislature until losing his seat in the 1943 Ontario election to Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation leader Ted Jolliffe. He also served on the Board of Regents of Victoria University, University of Toronto from 1932 to 1972, serving as chair from 1942 to 1951. References External links 1887 births 1979 deaths Members of the Executive Council of Ontario People from Peterborough, Ontario Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs Provincial Secretaries of Ontario University of Toronto people\",\n \"title\": \"Leopold Macaulay\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1587237\",\n \"text\": \"The 1967 Ontario general election was held on October 17, 1967, to elect the 117 members of the 28th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or \\\"MPPs\\\") of the Province of Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, led by John Robarts, won an eighth consecutive term in office, and maintained its majority in the legislature despite losing eight seats from its result in the previous election. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Robert Nixon, increased its caucus from 24 to 28 members, and continued in the role of official opposition. T. Patrick Reid of Rainy River was elected as a Liberal-Labour MPP. He replaced Robert Gibson, the late MPP for Kenora as the legislature's sole Liberal-Labour MPP. The social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Donald C. MacDonald, increased its caucus in the legislature from 7 members to 20. Expansion of the Legislative Assembly The size of the Legislative Assembly was increased from 108 to 117 members, mainly through the reorganization of ridings outside Toronto: Results Summary |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=4 | MNAs ! colspan=4 | Votes |- ! Candidates !1963 !1967 !± !# ! ± !% ! ± (pp) |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|John Robarts | 117 || 77 || 69 || 8 || 1,018,755 || 33,985 || 42.10% || 6.51 |rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|Robert Nixon | 115 || 23 || 27 || 4 || 762,340 || 8,308 || 31.51% || 3.31 | 2 || 1 || 1 || || 5,051 || 1,723 || 0.21% || 0.10 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|Donald C. MacDonald | 117 || 7 || 20 || 13 || 628,397 || 288,189 || 25.97% || 10.26 | || 5 || – || – || – || 2,382 || 377 || 0.10% || 0.03 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"|Harvey Lainson || 7 || – || – || – || 1,906 || 407 || 0.08% || 0.03 | || 2 || – || – || – || 592 || 1,062 || 0.02% || 0.06 | || 1 || – || – || – || 287 || 184 || 0.01% || 0.01 |- ! colspan=\\\"3\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" | Total |366||108 ! \\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\"|117 ! \\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\"|2,419,710 ! \\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\"| 100.00% |- | colspan=\\\"7\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" | Rejected ballots | 19,528 | 1.223 | colspan=\\\"2\\\"| |- | colspan=\\\"7\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" | Voter turnout | 2,439,238 | 255,160 | 66.18 | 2.65 |- | colspan=\\\"7\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" | Registered electors | 3,685,755 | 247,921 | colspan=\\\"2\\\"| |} Synopsis of results = open seat = turnout is above provincial average = winning candidate was in previous Legislature = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature = incumbent had switched allegiance = incumbency arose from byelection gain = previously incumbent in another riding = other incumbents renominated = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada = Liberal-Labour candidate = multiple candidates Analysis Incumbents standing in other ridings Eleven MPPs lost their seats in the current redistribution and sought reelection elsewhere. A further four chose to campaign in another riding. See also Politics\",\n \"title\": \"1967 Ontario general election\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"64779550\",\n \"text\": \"Bytown was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada. The district represented the town of Bytown, in Canada West, which was re-named Ottawa in 1855. The electoral district was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada, from the merger of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. It was renamed to Ottawa following the renaming of the city. Bytown was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario. Boundaries Bytown electoral district was primarily centred on the town of Bytown, Canada West (now Ottawa, Ontario). It was located on the south shore of the Ottawa River, which was the boundary with Canada East, now the province of Quebec. The Union Act, 1840 merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished.Union Act, 1840, 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35, s. 2. Prior to the Union, Bytown had been included in the electoral district of the County of Carleton in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, but the Union Act provided that Bytown would constitute a separate electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of the new Parliament. The Union Act gave the Governor General of the Province of Canada the power to draw the boundaries for the electoral district. The first Governor General, Lord Sydenham, issued a proclamation shortly after the formation of the Province of Canada in early 1841, establishing the boundaries for the electoral district: Members of the Legislative Assembly Bytown was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The following were the members for Bytown. Significant elections In the first general election of 1841, Lord Sydenham was actively involved. He took all possible steps to ensure that a majority of the members elected to the Legislative Assembly would be supporters of the union of the Canadas. During a tour of Canada West, he stopped in Bytown and urged three of the declared candidates for the seat to withdraw in favour of his preferred candidate, Stewart Derbishire, even though Derbishire had no connection to Bytown. As part of his arguments, Sydenham told them that it was due to his influence that Bytown had received its own seat, separate from Carleton County. The three candidates withdraw, but a fourth, William Stewart continued in his candidacy. When the vote was held in March, 1841, Derbishire was elected, by a vote of 52 to 29. Stewart issued two public protests, accusing the returning officer of partisanship, but did not formally contest the result. Abolition The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act, 1867 came into force, creating Canada and splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario. It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly\",\n \"title\": \"Bytown (Province of Canada electoral district)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4353208\",\n \"text\": \"George Strange Boulton (September 11, 1797 – February 13, 1869) was a lawyer and political figure in Upper Canada. Life and career He was born near Albany, New York, in 1797, the son of D’Arcy Boulton, and came to Upper Canada with his family around 1800. He studied at John Strachan's school in Cornwall. He served during the War of 1812. In 1818, he was called to the bar and began work as a lawyer in Port Hope. In 1824, he was appointed registrar for Northumberland County and he moved to Cobourg, the county seat. At the start of the 1837 rebellion, he became a member of the militia. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada for Durham in 1824; his election was declared invalid in 1825. In 1830, he was elected in Durham and represented it in the legislative assembly until 1841. He was a loyal Conservative and supported the expulsion of William Lyon Mackenzie from the assembly. In 1847, he was appointed to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada. He died in Cobourg, Ontario, in 1869. His brother, Henry John Boulton, was Attorney General in Upper Canada. References 1797 births 1869 deaths Politicians from Albany, New York American emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario Canadian people of English descent Lawyers in Ontario Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada Members of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada People from Cobourg Politicians from Toronto Immigrants to Upper Canada\",\n \"title\": \"George Strange Boulton\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10637884\",\n \"text\": \"James Clancy (July 21, 1844 – January 10, 1921) was an Ontario farmer, businessman and political figure. He represented Kent West in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1883 to 1894 and Bothwell in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1904 as a Conservative member. He was born in Mosa Township, Middlesex County, Canada West in 1844, the son of Patrick Clancy, an Irish immigrant. In 1868, he married Emily McIntosh. He was a lumber merchant in Wallaceburg. Clancy served on the town council for Dresden and was reeve of Chatham. In 1896, he defeated David Mills to win a seat in the House of Commons. He ran unsuccessfully for the federal seat representing Lambton West in 1904 after the riding of Bothwell was redistributed, and for the provincial seat representing Kent West in 1905. Clancy served as provincial auditor from 1905 to 1920. Electoral record External links The Canadian parliamentary companion, 1891 JA Gemmill Member's parliamentary history for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario Lambton County's Hundred Years, 1849 - 1949, V Lauriston (1949) Office of the Auditor General 1844 births 1921 deaths Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario Mayors of Chatham, Ontario People from Middlesex County, Ontario Canadian merchants\",\n \"title\": \"James Clancy (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1666735\",\n \"text\": \"The 1871 Ontario general election was the second general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on March 21, 1871, to elect the 82 Members of the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario (\\\"MLAs\\\"). The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Edward Blake, won a slim majority of the seats, and formed the government. The Ontario Conservative Party, led by John Sandfield Macdonald, served as the official opposition. Electoral reforms Earlier in 1871, the Legislative Assembly passed an Act to give the courts jurisdiction to rule on petitions dealing with corrupt practices in elections. In 1872, the Parliament of Canada passed an Act to compel MPs who were also members of a provincial legislature to resign such seats if they wished to stand again in a federal election. Five MLAs in the 1871 election were thus obliged to leave the Legislative Assembly in order to stand in federal ridings in 1872. Results |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=4 | MLAs ! colspan=4 | Votes |- ! Candidates !1867 !1871 !± !# ! ± !% ! ± (pp) |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| | 76 || 41 || 43 || 2 || 68,366 || 9,323 || 52.30% || 3.54 |style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\"| | 73 || 41 || 38 || 3 || 59,926 || 20,185 || 45.85% || 4.44 | || 1 || – || 1 || 1 || 1,116 || 1,116 || 0.85% || New | || 9 || – || – || – || 1,303 || 220 || 1.00% || 0.04 |- ! colspan=\\\"3\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" | Total |159||82 ! \\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\"|88 ! \\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\"|130,711 ! \\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\"| 100.00% |- | colspan=\\\"7\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" | Voter turnout | 130,711 | 28,612 | 62.93 | 10.93 |- | colspan=\\\"7\\\" style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" | Registered electors | 207,717 | 8,005 | colspan=\\\"2\\\"| |- | style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\" |Acclamations | style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" | ||7 |- | style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" | ||8 |- | style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\" |Other candidates receiving nil votes | style=\\\"text-align:left;\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" | ||2 |} Synopsis of results = open seat = turnout is above provincial average = winning candidate was in previous Legislature = incumbent had switched allegiance = previously incumbent in another riding = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature = incumbency arose from byelection gain = other incumbents renominated = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada = multiple candidates Analysis MLAs elected by region and riding Party designations are as follows: Northern Ontario Ottawa Valley Saint Lawrence Valley Central Ontario Georgian Bay Wentworth/Halton/Niagara Midwestern Ontario Southwestern Ontario Peel/York/Ontario Later resignations on campaigning at the federal level See also Politics of Ontario List of Ontario political parties Premier of Ontario Leader of the Opposition (Ontario) Notes and references Notes References 1871 1871 elections in Canada March 1871 events 1871 in Ontario\",\n \"title\": \"1871 Ontario general election\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4249649\",\n \"text\": \"Benjamin Tett (Feb 14, 1798 - May 15, 1878) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Leeds South as a Conservative member of the 1st Parliament of Ontario. He was born in Hinton St. George in England in 1798, the son of John Tett who manufactured cloth for ships' sails, and came to Perth, Upper Canada in 1820, later moving to Newboro. He served on the district council of the Johnstown District representing North Crosby. Around 1830, he set up a sawmill north of Kingston at Bedford Mills, anticipating the completion of the Rideau Canal. In partnership with the Chaffey family and others, he established a booming timber business in the area. He also constructed a gristmill and opened a general store. In 1833, he married Julianna Poole. Tett ran unsuccessfully in Leeds for a seat in the legislative assembly of Upper Canada in 1838. He was again unsuccessful when he ran for the South Leeds seat in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1854 but went on to represent South Leeds in the assembly from 1858 to 1863. In 1863, he was defeated by Albert Norton Richards for the same seat. Tett also served as a justice of the peace. His daughter Elizabeth married doctor Robert Henry Preston, who later represented South Leeds in the provincial assembly. His great-grandson John Tett is the namesake of Kingston's Tett Centre for Creativity and Learning. Electoral history References External links History of Leeds and Grenville, Thaddeus William Henry Leavitt The Canadian parliamentary companion : first year HJ Morgan (1862) Member's parliamentary history for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1798 births 1878 deaths Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople English emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario Politicians from Somerset People from Leeds and Grenville United Counties Immigrants to Upper Canada\",\n \"title\": \"Benjamin Tett\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1586335\",\n \"text\": \"The Province of Ontario is governed by a unicameral legislature, the Parliament of Ontario, composed of the Lieutenant Governor and the Legislative Assembly, which operates in the Westminster system of government. The political party that wins the largest number of seats in the legislature normally forms the government, and the party's leader becomes premier of the province, i.e., the head of the government. Ontario's current primary political parties are the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PC), the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP), the Ontario Liberal Party and the Green Party of Ontario. Crown , as monarch of Canada is also the King in Right of Ontario. As a Commonwealth realm, the Canadian monarch is shared with 14 other independent countries within the Commonwealth of Nations. Within Canada, the monarch exercises power individually on behalf of the federal government, and the 10 provinces. The powers of the Crown are vested in the monarch and are exercised by the lieutenant governor. The advice of the premier and Executive Council is typically binding; the Constitution Act, 1867 requires executive power to be exercised only \\\"by and with the Advice of the Executive Council\\\". The lieutenant governor is appointed by the governor general, on the advice of the prime minister of Canada. Thus, it is typically the lieutenant governor whom the premier and ministers advise, exercising much of the royal prerogative and granting royal assent. While the advice of the premier and Executive Council is typically binding on the lieutenant governor, there are occasions when the lieutenant governor has refused advice. This usually occurs if the premier does not clearly command the confidence of the elected Legislative Assembly. In 2017 following the provincial election in British Columbia, Premier Christy Clark met with Lieutenant Governor Judith Guichon and advised dissolution of the Legislature. Guichon declined the Clark's request. Clark then offered her resignation as Premier, and the leader of the Official Opposition, John Horgan, who was able to command the confidence of the elected Legislature, was invited to form government. Legislative power The unicameral 124-member Legislative Assembly of Ontario (), and the Crown-in-Parliament (represented by the lieutenant governor) comprise the Provincial Parliament of Ontario. As government power is vested in the Crown, the role of the lieutenant governor is to grant royal assent on behalf of the monarch to legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly. The Crown does not participate in the legislative process save for signifying approval to a bill passed by the Assembly. Membership Officeholders, known as members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs) are elected using the first-past-the-post system. Government The legislature plays a role in the election of governments, as the premier and Cabinet hold office by virtue of commanding the body's confidence. Per the tenets of responsible government, Cabinet ministers are almost always elected MPPs, and account to the Legislative Assembly. Opposition The second largest party of parliamentary caucus is known as the Official Opposition, who typically appoint MPPs as critics to shadow ministers, and scrutinize the work of the government. The\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1058370\",\n \"text\": \"Fred Matthews Young (14 February 1907 – 13 December 1993) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1963 to 1981 who represented the riding of Yorkview. He was an ordained minister and long time organizer for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). Background Young was born in Long Reach, New Brunswick, near the port city of Saint John, in 1907. He attended Teachers College in Fredericton, New Brunswick and taught school in Woodstock, New Brunswick. Later on, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Mount Allison University. He attended the University of Toronto and received both a Master of Arts and a bachelor's degree in divinity. He served as a minister in the United Church of Canada, in both Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island from 1934 until 1940. He and his wife Winnifred raise two children, a boy and a girl. Politics After World War II, Young worked, as an organizer for the CCF in the Maritimes, being personally recruited by the CCF's national secretary, David Lewis. Though, officially, he was a staff representative for the United Steel Workers of America, he was co-opted by the party. He travelled throughout Atlantic Canada and Ontario mostly doing work for the party. In May 1951, the Ontario CCF hired him, at the urging of Donald C. MacDonald, then the CCF's national organizer, who persuade Young to relocate from the Maritimes. He became the Ontario party's full-time organizer. In 1953, he ran for the leadership of the Ontario CCF, losing by six votes to Donald C. MacDonald in the CCF leadership convention. After five unsuccessful attempts to gain a public office, he won election to the town council of North York, Ontario in 1955. He served as deputy reeve and chair of the executive committee. He attempted on several occasions to win a seat for the CCF and its successor, the New Democratic Party (NDP) either at the federal or provincial level. He finally won election to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1963 provincial election for the North York riding of Yorkview. Young sat as an Ontario New Democratic Party Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) from 1963 until 1981. He was a friend of consumer advocate Ralph Nader. Both Nader and Young, as a legislator, fought for highway safety and mandatory use of seat belts. He was also an early advocate of airbags. In 1975, the Ontario government enacted the mandatory seatbelt reforms that he was advocating for years. As a legislator, Young became one of the first MPPs to open a community office to help his riding constituents. He was also responsible for writing the daily prayer used in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario throughout the later half of the 20th century. Later life Following his career in politics, the City of North York honoured him by naming a small park adjacent to York University after him in 1990. Young was hospitalized for many weeks at\",\n \"title\": \"Fred Young (Ontario politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3093205\",\n \"text\": \"The First Ontario Parliament Buildings (or the Third Parliament Buildings of Upper Canada) were built between 1829 and 1832 near Front, John, Simcoe and Wellington Streets in what was then York, Upper Canada (now Toronto, Ontario). They served as the parliament buildings for Upper Canada, the Province of Canada, and the province of Ontario after Canadian Confederation in 1867. History The parliament buildings were the third legislature structures built by the Upper Canadian government in York, Upper Canada. Construction took place between 1829 and 1832, with J.G. Chewett, Cumberland & Storm (firm), Samuel Curry, John Ewart, John Howard and Thomas Rogers as the architects. Alterations took place in 1849. The buildings were the third constructed for the parliament of Upper Canada, which sat in them from 1832 to 1841. Upper Canada was absorbed into the Province of Canada in 1841, and its capital rotated among several locations. The buildings served as the seat of government for the new province at various times between 1849 and 1859. When the Province of Canada ceased to exist with the creation of Ontario at Confederation on July 1, 1867, Toronto was named the provincial capital, and these Front Street buildings were the first used by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Therefore, they are the Ontario legislature's first parliament buildings, but not the first parliament buildings ever built in present-day Ontario. The buildings were the last to have an upper chamber, as the new province of Ontario did not have a legislative council after 1866. The Front Street location served the Ontario legislature from Confederation until 1893, when the new Ontario Legislative Building was opened at Queen's Park. The old structure, left abandoned, rapidly degraded from the elements and from vandalism. By the turn of the century, the prevailing sentiment in Canada was in favour of progress and not sentimentality. The parliament buildings on Front Street were subsequently demolished between 1900 and 1903. The site of Ontario's first parliament buildings is now occupied by Simcoe Place and the Canadian Broadcasting Centre. See also Parliament Buildings of Upper Canada Notes External links History of Ontario's Legislative Buildings (Government of Ontario site) References Ontario Legislature Legislative buildings in Upper Canada Buildings and structures demolished in 1903 Demolished buildings and structures in Toronto Legislative buildings in Canada Legislative Assembly of Ontario Government buildings completed in 1832 Upper Canada College\",\n \"title\": \"First Ontario Parliament Buildings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1036175\",\n \"text\": \"The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section) – The Farmer-Labor Party of Ontario, more commonly known as the Ontario CCF, was a democratic socialist provincial political party in Ontario that existed from 1932 to 1961. It was the provincial wing of the federal Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). The party had no leader in the beginning, and was governed by a provincial council and executive. The party's first Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) was elected by voters in the 1934 Ontario general election. In the 1937 general election, no CCF members were elected to the Ontario Legislature. In 1942, the party elected Toronto lawyer Ted Jolliffe as its first leader. He led the party to within a few seats of forming the government in the 1943 general election; instead, it formed the Official Opposition. In that election, the first two women were elected to the Ontario Legislature as CCFers: Agnes Macphail and Rae Luckock. The 1945 election was a setback, as the party lost most of its seats in the Legislature, including Jolliffe's seat. The party again became the Official Opposition after the 1948 general election, and defeated the Conservative premier George Drew in his seat, when Bill Temple unexpectedly won in the High Park constituency. The middle and late 1940s were the peak years for the Ontario CCF. After that time, its electoral performances were dismal, as it was reduced to a rump of two seats in the 1951 election, three seats in the 1955 election, and five seats in the 1959 election. Jolliffe stepped down as leader in 1953, and was replaced by Donald C. MacDonald. The period between the 1951 defeat and the founding of the Ontario New Democratic Party was one of much internal strife, but MacDonald managed to keep the party together, despite the constant electoral defeats. In October 1961, the party dissolved itself and became part of the New Democratic Party. History Origins The Ontario CCF was indirectly the successor to the 1919–23 United Farmers of Ontario–Labour coalition that formed the government in Ontario under Ernest C. Drury. While in 1934 several former United Farmer Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) became Liberal-Progressives aligned with the Ontario Liberal Party, the United Farmers of Ontario (UFO), as an organization, participated in the formation of the Ontario CCF, and was briefly affiliated with the party. After a meeting in Ottawa on May 26, 1932, that brought together all the Members of Parliament that belonged to the Ginger Group, and some members of the League for Social Reconstruction (LSR), the CCF was formed, making J. S. Woodsworth the de facto leader, and giving responsibility for organizing Ontario to Agnes Macphail of the UFO. Macphail, as president of the Ontario Provincial Council, persuaded her fellow delegates at the December 1932 UFO convention to affiliate with the CCF provincial council. After the 1933 Regina convention, the name of the party was introduced as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section) – The Farmer-Labor Party, though the shorter Ontario CCF was the\",\n \"title\": \"Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (Ontario Section)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"67750244\",\n \"text\": \"Changes to the Ontario Autism Programme in 2019 by the government of Ontario, led by Premier Doug Ford, caused significant controversy, resulting in a number of protests. After announcing the changes in February, aimed at clearing the long waiting list for the programme, but resulting in the potential loss of access to the service for many families, the government eventually partly reversed its reforms. Background In 2014, while a city councillor in Toronto, Ford came under criticism after opposing a group home for developmentally disabled people, including those with autism, in a west Etobicoke neighbourhood. He was first alleged to have told members of the home that they had \\\"ruined the community\\\", and then attempted to defend himself by stating that the presence of the home had dropped property prices in the neighbourhood and had been a \\\"nightmare\\\" for its neighbours. After the father of an autistic son filed an integrity complaint against Ford over the scandal, Ford told the Toronto Sun newspaper that the father had launched a jihad against him and that \\\"he can go to hell, I don't even care.\\\" The controversy was raised again during Ford's run in the 2014 Toronto mayoral election, to which Ford responded by stating that the media had distorted the issue. In 2016, the government of Ontario, then led by the Ontario Liberal Party and Premier Kathleen Wynne, announced that it would be eliminating government-funded access to intensive behaviour therapy for children aged five and above. After a significant outcry, the government reversed its decision and announced an additional $200 million in funding over the next four years. In the 2018 Ontario general election, the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, led by Doug Ford, won a majority in the election, capturing 76 of the 124 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and returning to government for the first time since 2003. As part of their platform, the PCs to add 100 million $ in funding per year to the Ontario Autism Programme. At the time of the election, there were 23 000 children on the waiting list for access to autism-related services in Ontario. Ontario Autism Programme reforms In November 2018, along with other cuts such as the 2018 Franco-Ontarian Black Thursday, the Ford government announced that it would be eliminating the Office of the Provincial Advocate for Children and Youth. On 4 February 2019, Progressive Conservative MPP Amy Fee published an article in the Toronto Star decrying the state of autism services in the province, stating that Two days later, Lisa MacLeod, the Minister of Children, Community and Social Services, held a press conference at Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital to announce a number of reforms to the Ontario Autism Programme, stating that \\\"we've heard how the autism program isn't working for the families who need support for their children.\\\" Among the reforms, the government would be doubling investment in autism diagnostic hubs up to $5,5 million a year, providing direct funding to families instead of to regional service\",\n \"title\": \"2019 Ontario Autism Program controversy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2606651\",\n \"text\": \"This is a list of people who currently serve in one of the provincial or territorial legislative assemblies in Canada who are members of the New Democratic Party. The NDP does not currently hold any seats in the Legislative Assemblies of Quebec, Prince Edward Island or New Brunswick. The territorial assemblies in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, additionally, are non-partisan consensus government bodies. Alberta The Alberta New Democrats currently hold 24 (of the 87) seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, forming the official opposition. Rachel Notley, party leader and Leader of the Opposition Deron Bilous Jon Carson Joe Ceci Lorne Dach Thomas Dang Jasvir Deol David Eggen Richard Feehan Kathleen Ganley Nicole Goehring Christina Gray Janis Irwin Sarah Hoffman Rod Loyola Chris Nielsen Rakhi Pancholi Shannon Phillips Marie Renaud Irfan Sabir Marlin Schmidt David Shepherd Lori Sigurdson Heather Sweet British Columbia The British Columbia New Democratic Party currently hold 41 (of the 87) seats in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, forming the government. John Horgan, party leader and Premier Robin Austin Harry Bains Spencer Chandra Herbert Raj Chouhan Katrine Conroy Kathy Corrigan Judy Darcy Adrian Dix Doug Donaldson David Eby Mable Elmore Mike Farnworth Rob Fleming Scott Fraser Sue Hammell George Heyman Gary Holman Carole James Maurine Karagianis Leonard Krog Norm Macdonald Melanie Mark Michelle Mungall Lana Popham Bruce Ralston Jennifer Rice Selina Robinson Bill Routley Doug Routley Jane Shin Nicholas Simons Shane Simpson Claire Trevena Jodie Wickens Manitoba The Manitoba New Democratic Party holds 18 (of the 57) seats in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, forming the Official Opposition. Wab Kinew (Wabanakwut), Party leader and Leader of the Opposition Danielle Adams Nello Altomare Uzoma Asagwara Diljeet Brar Ian Bushie Nahanni Fontaine Amanda Lathlin Tom Lindsey Jim Maloway Malaya Marcelino Jamie Moses Lisa Naylor Adrien Sala Mintu Sandhu Bernadette Smith Mark Wasyliw Matt Wiebe Newfoundland and Labrador The New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador currently holds two seats in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly, and is the third party. Lorraine Michael Gerry Rogers Nova Scotia The Nova Scotia New Democratic Party currently holds five seats in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, and is the third party. Sterling Belliveau Denise Peterson-Rafuse Lisa Roberts Dave Wilson Lenore Zann Ontario The Ontario New Democratic Party holds 20 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and is the third party. Andrea Horwath, party leader Teresa Armstrong Gilles Bisson Sarah Campbell Cheri DiNovo Catherine Fife Cindy Forster Jennifer French Wayne Gates France Gélinas Lisa Gretzky Percy Hatfield Michael Mantha Paul Miller Taras Natyshak Peggy Sattler Jagmeet Singh Peter Tabuns Monique Taylor John Vanthof Saskatchewan The Saskatchewan New Democratic Party holds ten seats in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, forming the official opposition. Trent Wotherspoon, interim parliamentary leader and Leader of the Opposition Carla Beck Buckley Belanger Danielle Chartier David Forbes Warren McCall Nicole Rancourt Nicole Sarauer Cathy Sproule Doyle Vermette Yukon The Yukon New Democratic Party holds six seats in the Yukon Legislative Assembly, forming the official opposition. Elizabeth\",\n \"title\": \"List of NDP members of provincial and territorial assemblies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1166080\",\n \"text\": \"David Joseph Levac (born April 6, 1954) is a retired Canadian politician who was the 41st speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2011 to 2018. Levac was elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1999 as a member of the Ontario Liberal Party. He served as the member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Brant until 2018 and is the Ontario legislature's longest serving speaker. Background Born in Brantford, Ontario, Levac attended Wilfrid Laurier University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1976. He completed teacher's college at Queen's University in 1977, beginning to work a teacher in the early 1980s, and became a principal in Brantford in 1989. In 1992, he attended Niagara University to complete a master's degree in education. Levac received the Canada 125 Medal in 1993, was named OECTA Distinguished Teacher in 1994 for his work in conflict resolution programs, and was named Brantford's Citizen of the Year in 1997 by readers of the Brantford Expositor. He also served as co-ordinator of Queen Elizabeth II's Royal Visit to Brantford in 1997. He was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002. In 2011 he was awarded the Chevalier of the Order of Merit for his educational efforts with respect to the Ukrainian famine in the 1930s. Political career Levac was elected in the 1999 provincial election, defeating Progressive Conservative (PC) candidate Alayne Sokoloski by 956 votes in the riding of Brant. The PCs won a majority government in this election, and Levac sat as an opposition member for the next four years. The Liberals won a majority government in the 2003 provincial election and Levac again defeated Sokoloski, this time by over 10,000 votes. Levac was named chief government whip. Levac was re-elected in 2007, 2011, and 2014. On April 9, 2009 Levac, along with co-sponsors Cheri DiNovo and Frank Klees passed bill 147 – the Holodomor Memorial Day Act. This was the first piece of legislation in Ontario history to be introduced with tri-partisan sponsorship. This historic legislation recognizes Ukrainian man-made famine as an act of Genocide. On January 25, 2010, Levac was named parliamentary assistant to the minister of energy and infrastructure. After the 2011 election, Levac was elected Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He beat three other Liberal members, David Zimmer, Kevin Flynn, and Donna Cansfield. Cansfield was an early favourite for the position but lost to Levac on a second ballot after the New Democratic Party (NDP) voted in a bloc for Levac. No NDP or PC members put their names forward due to the Liberal government's delicate one-seat minority status in the legislature. Levac was re-elected as speaker after the 2014 election defeating four other contenders. On May 5, 2017, Levac announced he would not run for his seat again in the 2018 Ontario general election after 19 years in the legislature and seven of those years as speaker. In 2022, Levac was appointed to the Order of Ontario. Electoral record References External links 1954 births\",\n \"title\": \"Dave Levac\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3562661\",\n \"text\": \"The 6th Parliament of the Province of Canada was summoned in January 1858, following the general election for the Legislative Assembly in December 1857. Sessions were held in Toronto in 1858 and then in Quebec City from 1859. The Parliament was dissolved in May 1861. The 1858 parliamentary session was one of the longest and nastiest in Canadian history, opening in January 1858, just as news arrived from London that Queen Victoria had chosen Ottawa as the permanent seat for the Canadian government. In August 1858 the Macdonald-Cartier ministry carried out the divisive \\\"double shuffle\\\" that allowed the ministry to stay in power without facing by-elections. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly was Sir Henry Smith. Electoral system Each voter could cast as many votes as there were seats to fill in the district (First-past-the-post voting). Montreal and Quebec City elected three members; Toronto elected two members. All others elected just one member. (Previous to the next election, all districts were changed to single-member districts.) Canada East - 65 seats Canada West - 65 seats References Upper Canadian politics in the 1850s, Underhill (and others), University of Toronto Press (1967) External links Ontario's parliament buildings ; or, A century of legislation, 1792-1892 : a historical sketch Assemblée nationale du Québec (French) 1858 in Canada 06\",\n \"title\": \"6th Parliament of the Province of Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14276269\",\n \"text\": \"The 2011 Ontario general election was held on October 6, 2011, to elect members of the 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The Ontario Liberal Party was elected to a minority government, with the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario (PC Party) serving as the Official Opposition and the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP) serving as the third party. In the final result, Premier McGuinty's party fell one seat short of winning a majority government. Under amendments passed by the Legislature in December 2005, Ontario elections were now held on fixed dates, namely the first Thursday of October every four years. The writ of election was issued by Lieutenant Governor David Onley on September 7, 2011. The election saw a then–record low voter turnout of 48.2%, only to be surpassed by the 2022 Ontario general election with 43.53%. Timeline 2007 October 10, 2007: Elections held for members of the Ontario Legislature in the 39th Legislative Assembly of Ontario. November 29, 2007: The 39th Legislative Assembly of Ontario officially opens with the Speech from the Throne. 2008 February 23, 2008: John Tory's continued leadership of the Progressive Conservative party is endorsed by 66.9% of delegates at a leadership review. June 14, 2008: Premier Dalton McGuinty receives the support of 95.4% of delegates from the Ontario Liberal Party's mandatory leadership review. June 14, 2008: NDP leader Howard Hampton announces he will be stepping down as party leader at the March 7, 2009 NDP leadership convention. 2009 January 9, 2009: Progressive Conservative MPP Laurie Scott announces her resignation from the legislature to allow party leader John Tory, who has been without a seat since his defeat in Don Valley West in the 2007 election, to re-enter the legislature. March 5, 2009: In the Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock by-election following Scott's resignation, Tory is defeated by Liberal candidate Rick Johnson. March 6, 2009: John Tory resigns as Progressive Conservative leader pending the selection of an interim party leader. March 7, 2009: Andrea Horwath is elected leader of the Ontario NDP at the party's 2009 leadership convention. June 27, 2009: Tim Hudak is elected leader of the Progressive Conservative party at its 2009 leadership election and also becomes the new Leader of the Opposition. September 17, 2009: Eric Hoskins is elected as the MPP for the riding of St. Paul's following the resignation of Michael Bryant on June 7, 2009. November 4, 2009: Mike Schreiner is affirmed as the new leader of the Green Party of Ontario, receiving 97% approval from the party membership defeating the None of the Above ballot option, in the 2009 leadership election. 2010 January 29, 2010: Bob Runciman resigns his seat to accept appointment to the Senate of Canada. February 1, 2010: Jim Watson resigns his seat to run for Mayor in the 2010 Ottawa municipal election February 4, 2010: Glen Murray is elected as the MPP for the riding of Toronto Centre following the resignation of George Smitherman on January 4, 2010. March 4, 2010: Bob Chiarelli is elected as the MPP for\",\n \"title\": \"2011 Ontario general election\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"661462\",\n \"text\": \"The Legislative Assembly of Ontario (OLA; ) is the legislative chamber of the Canadian province of Ontario. Its elected members are known as Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). Bills passed by the Legislative Assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Ontario to become law. Together, the Legislative Assembly and Lieutenant Governor make up the unicameral Legislature of Ontario or Parliament of Ontario. The assembly meets at the Ontario Legislative Building at Queen's Park in the provincial capital of Toronto. Ontario uses a Westminster-style parliamentary government in which members are elected to the Legislative Assembly through general elections using a \\\"first-past-the-post\\\" system. The premier of Ontario (the province's head of government) holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the Legislative Assembly, typically sitting as an MPP themselves and lead the largest party or a coalition in the Legislative Assembly. The largest party not forming the government is known as the Official Opposition, its leader being recognized as leader of the Opposition. The Ontario Legislature is sometimes referred to as the \\\"Ontario Provincial Parliament\\\". Members of the assembly refer to themselves as \\\"Members of the Provincial Parliament\\\" MPPs as opposed to \\\"Members of the Legislative Assembly\\\" (MLAs) as in many other provinces. Ontario is the only province to do so, in accordance with a resolution passed in the Assembly on April 7, 1938. However, the Legislative Assembly Act refers only to \\\"members of the Assembly\\\". The Legislative Assembly is the second largest Canadian provincial deliberative assembly by number of members after the National Assembly of Quebec. The current assembly was elected on June 2, 2022, as part of the 43rd Parliament of Ontario. Owing to the location of the Legislative Building on the grounds of Queen's Park, the metonym \\\"Queen's Park\\\" is often used to refer to both the provincial government and the Legislative Assembly. Lawmaking In accordance with the traditions of the Westminster system, most laws originate in the provincial cabinet (government bills) and are passed by the legislature after multiple rounds of debate and decision-making. Backbench legislators may introduce private legislation (private-member bills) or amend bills presented to the legislature by cabinet, playing an integral role in scrutinizing bills both at the debate as well as committee stages. In the Ontario legislature, this confrontation provides much of the material for Oral Questions and Members' Statements. Legislative scrutiny of the executive is also at the heart of much of the work carried out by the Legislature's Standing Committees, which are made up of ordinary backbenchers. A member's day will typically be divided among participating in the business of the House, attending caucus and committee meetings, speaking in various debates, or returning to his or her constituency to address the concerns, problems and grievances of constituents. Depending on personal inclination and political circumstances, some Members concentrate most of their attention on House matters while others focus on constituency problems, taking on something of an ombudsman's role in the process. Finally, it is the task\",\n \"title\": \"Legislative Assembly of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"445732\",\n \"text\": \"The 1867 Canadian federal election was held from August 7 to September 20, 1867, and was the first election for the new country of Canada. It was held to elect members representing electoral districts in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec to the House of Commons of the 1st Canadian Parliament. The provinces of Manitoba (1870) and British Columbia (1871) were created during the term of the 1st Parliament of Canada and were not part of this election. Sir John A. Macdonald had been sworn in as prime minister by the Governor General, Lord Monck, when the new Canadian nation was founded on 1 July 1867. As leader of the Conservative Party of Canada (known as the Liberal-Conservative Party until 1873), he led his party in this election and continued as Prime Minister of Canada when the Conservatives won a majority of the seats in the election, including majorities of the seats (and votes) in the new provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The Liberal Party of Canada won the second most seats overall, including a majority of the seats (and votes) in the province of New Brunswick. The Liberals did not have a party leader in the election. George Brown, who was the leader of the Liberal Party of Ontario, was considered the \\\"elder statesman\\\" of the national party. Brown ran concurrently for seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and the House of Commons of Canada, and might well have been Prime Minister in the unlikely event that the Liberals prevailed over the Conservatives in the national election. Brown failed to win a seat in either body, and the national Liberals remained officially leaderless until 1873. The Anti-Confederation Party, led by Joseph Howe, won the third most seats overall, based solely on a majority of seats (and votes) in the province of Nova Scotia. Their main desire was the reversal of the decision to join Confederation, which had become highly unpopular in that province. The goals of the Anti-Confederation Members of Parliament (MPs) were openly supported by five of the Liberal MPs of New Brunswick. The Anti-Confederation MPs sat with the Liberal caucus. When the government in Britain refused to allow Nova Scotia to secede, a majority of the Anti-Confederation MPs (11 of 18) moved to the Conservatives. Halifax was a two-member riding at the time of the election, while the City of Saint John was represented by its own district and the County of Saint John. The election in Kamouraska, Quebec was delayed due to rioting. Election The first Canadian election took place without a uniform set of election laws to govern the selection of members to the House of Commons, an interim measure until Parliament could pass its own election laws, which did not come until 1885. Instead, the election was contested under the rules set by each individual province prior to confederation, and future elections would be contested under provincial rules until a time when federal parliament set their own rules. Because\",\n \"title\": \"1867 Canadian federal election\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14330061\",\n \"text\": \"The 37th Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was in session from June 8, 1999, until May 5, 2003. Its membership was set by the general election of 1999. Majority was held by the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party led by Mike Harris. During the 36th Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Harris' government had passed legislation which realigned provincial electoral districts to match the boundaries in use for federal districts; accordingly, the 37th Assembly had a reduced number of seats, with just 103 members compared to 130 in the previous session. In the March 2002 leadership convention, following Mike Harris' resignation announcement, Ernie Eves was elected party leader. Gary Carr served as speaker for the assembly. Members Notes References Members in Parliament 37 Terms of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1999 establishments in Ontario 2003 disestablishments in Ontario\",\n \"title\": \"37th Parliament of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35667289\",\n \"text\": \"Beauce was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada in Canada East, in a rural area south of Quebec City bordering on the United States. From 1841 to 1854, Beauce county had been included in the riding of Dorchester. In 1853, the provincial Parliament enacted a redistribution statute which enlarged the Legislative Assembly, from forty-two seats to sixty-five. The Beauce area was split off from Dorchester and made a separate riding. It was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The electoral district was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and Quebec. Boundaries The electoral district of Beauce was in a rural area south of Quebec City, bordering on the United States. Its territory is now included in the regional county municipalities of Beauce-Sartigan, Beauce-Centre and La Nouvelle-Beauce. The county of Beauce had been an electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1829 to 1838, when the Lower Canada Parliament was suspended after the Lower Canada Rebellion. The Union Act, 1840, passed by the British Parliament, merged the two provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished.Union Act, 1840, 3 & 4 Vict. (UK), c. 35, s. 2. The Union Act provided that Beauce would be merged with the county of Dorchester to form the Dorchester riding, represented by one member. In 1853, the Parliament of the Province of Canada expanded the Legislative Assembly, to take effect in the next general elections in 1854. Canada East's representation was expanded from forty-two seats to sixty-five seats. As part of the redistribution, the Beauce region was split off from the Dorchester riding and created as a separate riding. The boundaries of the new riding of Beauce were as follows: Members of the Legislative Assembly (1854–1867) Beauce was a single-member constituency, represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The following were the members of the Legislative Assembly for Beauce. The party affiliations are based on the biographies of individual members given by the National Assembly of Quebec, as well as votes in the Legislative Assembly. \\\"Party\\\" was a fluid concept, especially during the early years of the Province of Canada. Abolition The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act, 1867 came into force, creating Canada and splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario. It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec. See also List of elections in the Province of Canada References Electoral districts of Canada East 1854 establishments in Canada East 1867 disestablishments in Quebec\",\n \"title\": \"Beauce (Province of Canada electoral district)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"397208\",\n \"text\": \"This article provides a summary of results for the general elections to the Canadian province of Ontario's unicameral legislative body, the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The number of seats has varied over time, from 82 for the first election in 1867, to a high of 130 for 1987, 1990 and 1995 elections. There are currently 124 seats. , Ontario elections are held every 4 years on the first Thursday in June. Prior to 1867, Canada's confederation, elections had been held in Ontario to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, starting in 1792. Results by general election See also Timeline of Canadian elections List of political parties in Ontario List of Ontario by-elections References Notes External links Elections Ontario Ontario general elections Elections, general\",\n \"title\": \"List of Ontario general elections\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"23312016\",\n \"text\": \"The 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was a legislature of the government of the province of Ontario, Canada. The membership was set by the 2011 Ontario general election. It was controlled by a Liberal Party minority. The government was led by Premier Dalton McGuinty until his resignation resulted in the 2013 leadership election, which selected Kathleen Wynne as his successor. Wynne is the first woman ever to serve as Premier of Ontario. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led by Tim Hudak, and the third party was the New Democrats, led by Andrea Horwath. On May 2, 2014, Premier of Ontario Kathleen Wynne announced that she had formally requested that Lieutenant Governor of Ontario David Onley dissolve the 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario and call a provincial general election to occur on June 12, 2014. Timeline of the 40th Parliament of Ontario November 21, 2011 – Dave Levac (Liberal, Brant) is elected Speaker on the second ballot defeating three other candidates. November 22, 2011 – Speech from the Throne is delivered. March 29, 2012: Finance Minister Dwight Duncan delivers the provincial budget. April 23, 2012: After negotiations between the Liberals and the NDP, the minority government agrees to amend the budget by adding $242 million to child care funding, $20 million for northern and rural hospitals, increase welfare and disability benefits by 1 per cent at a cost of $55 million, and add a 2% surtax on the portion of individual income that exceeds $500,000 a year. April 24, 2012: Budget approved 52–37 with NDP MPPs abstaining. April 27, 2012: Progressive Conservative MPP Elizabeth Witmer (Kitchener—Waterloo) resigns her seat upon accepting a government appointment as chair of the Workplace Safety & Insurance Board. The vacancy results in the government and Opposition being tied in seats, however, as Speaker David Levac is a Liberal, the Opposition continues to have a one-seat advantage. A Liberal victory in this pending by-election and in the pending Vaughan by-election would give it a majority in the legislature. August 1, 2012: Liberal MPP Greg Sorbara (Vaughan) resigns his seat. September 6, 2012: By-elections held in the ridings of Kitchener—Waterloo and Vaughan. Catherine Fife (NDP) elected as MPP for Kitchener—Waterloo. Steven Del Duca (Liberal) elected as MPP for Vaughan. The NDP gains one seat in the Ontario Legislature while the Liberals retain their 53-seat minority. October 15, 2012: Premier McGuinty prorogues the legislature and announces his resignation as Liberal Party leader pending a leadership convention. February 11, 2013: Kathleen Wynne is sworn in as Premier, and a new cabinet in sworn in. February 14, 2013: Chris Bentley and Dwight Duncan, Liberal MPPs for London West and Windsor—Tecumseh, resign. June 11, 2013: Passage of the Wynne government's first budget, with the support of the NDP; legislature recesses for the summer. June 12, 2013: Former Premier Dalton McGuinty resigns his Ottawa South seat. June 27, 2013: Liberal MPP Margarett Best (Scarborough—Guildwood) resigns her seat. July 2, 2013: Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs Laurel Broten (Etobicoke—Lakeshore) resigns from Cabinet\",\n \"title\": \"40th Parliament of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13787585\",\n \"text\": \"The 21st Legislative Assembly of Ontario was convened following the 1943 Ontario general election and was in session from August 4, 1943, until March 24, 1945, just prior to the 1945 general election. The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, formerly the Ontario Conservative Party, led by George Drew formed a minority government. The Liberals, having lost seats to both the Conservatives and the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, fell to third place. William James Stewart served as speaker for the assembly. Members elected to the Assembly Timeline References External links Members in Parliament 21 Terms of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1943 establishments in Ontario 1945 disestablishments in Ontario\",\n \"title\": \"21st Parliament of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"30201415\",\n \"text\": \"Michel Borne (September 19, 1784 – October 19, 1853) was a merchant and political figure in Canada East (now Quebec). He represented Rimouski in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1842. Borne resigned his seat to allow Robert Baldwin, the Reform leader from Canada West (now Ontario) to gain a seat in the Assembly. That manoeuvre was key to building the alliance between Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, which ultimately led to the establishment of responsible government in the Province of Canada. Biography Borne was born in Quebec City, the son of George Borne, a native of Grenoble, France, and Marie-Françoise Letellier. In 1808, Borne married Angélique Paquette. The couple had twelve children, six of whom died young. He was a merchant in Quebec City. In 1843, he was appointed the superintendent and collector of the Chambly Canal. On February 22, 1830, Borne married Charlotte Munro, also widowed, at Notre-Dame-de-Montréal. They had together five children. Michel Borne died in Chambly on October 19, 1853 after a short disease. Politics Lower Canada In 1828, Borne was an unsuccessful candidate for the Quebec Upper Town seat in the Lower Canada Legislative Assembly, losing to Thomas Lee. Borne was one of the first members of the new municipal council for Quebec City from 1840 to 1842. Province of Canada Following the Lower Canada Rebellion in 1837, and the similar rebellion in Upper Canada (now Ontario) the same year, the British government decided to merge the two provinces into a single province, as recommended by Lord Durham in the Durham Report. The Union Act, 1840, passed by the British Parliament, abolished the two provinces and their separate parliaments, and created the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament for the entire province, composed of an elected Legislative Assembly and an appointed Legislative Council. The Governor General initially retained a strong position in the government. Borne stood for election to the new Legislative Assembly in the first general election, in 1841, on an anti-union platform. He was elected by acclamation for the Rimouski riding. Borne was frequently absent during the first session of the new Parliament, and did not participate in the debate and vote on the union. During the sessions of 1841 and 1842, he generally aligned with the French-Canadian Group, in opposition to the government of Lord Sydenham. In the run-up to the first elections for the Legislative Assembly, Robert Baldwin, leader of the Reform group in Canada West, and Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, a leader of moderate French-Canadian nationalists in Canada East, had been in discussions about an alliance, with the goal of implementing responsible government in the new Province of Canada. When LaFontaine was unable to win election, due to mob violence in his constituency, Baldwin arranged for his nomination to a vacant seat in the Toronto area. LaFontaine won the by-election and entered Parliament, where he became one of the leaders of the French-Canadian Group. The next year, when Baldwin was defeated in a ministerial by-election, LaFontaine returned\",\n \"title\": \"Michel Borne\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35545023\",\n \"text\": \"A caucus services bureau is a quasi-partisan legislative office of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario that services members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). Each officially recognized political party in the legislature has a similar service bureau. Appropriations for caucuses are set out in section 73 of the Legislative Assembly Act. Role Legislative office service bureaus are unique within the Ontario Government in that they operate as quasi-partisan entities, distributing communications material with their party's respective logos (Pursuant to the Government Advertising Act, 2004, a government office cannot publish, display, broadcast, or distribute a reviewable item that is deemed to be partisan). Although service bureaus are not required to brand their communications material with partisan logos they are expressly forbidden from using a Government of Ontario logo on material that could be considered to promote the party in power, or its members or negatively depict those who oppose the government. Funding Caucus appropriations are distributed to government and opposition parties proportionate to how many seats in the legislature they hold, and are intended for research, communication and administrative services. Payments to an individual or company that total more than $50,000 in any given fiscal year are listed with Ontario's public accounts. Service bureaus are not subject to freedom-of-information rules. Current caucus service bureaus References Legislative Assembly of Ontario\",\n \"title\": \"Caucus services bureau\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"65126398\",\n \"text\": \"Hastings was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West (now Ontario). Based on Hastings County, it fronted on the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario and extended north. It was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Hastings electoral district was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario. Boundaries Hastings electoral district was located on the north shore of the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario and extended north. It was based on Hastings County. The town of Belleville was the major centre. The Union Act, 1840 had merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished. The Union Act provided that the pre-existing electoral boundaries of Upper Canada would continue to be used in the new Parliament, unless altered by the Union Act itself. Hastings County had been an electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada. Its boundaries were not altered by the Union Act. Those boundaries had originally been set by a proclamation of the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe, in 1792: The boundaries had been further defined by a statute of Upper Canada in 1798: In 1821, the townships of Elzever, Madoc and Marmora were added to Hastings County. Since Hastings electoral district was not changed by the Union Act, those boundaries continued to be used for the new electoral district. Hastings was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. Members of the Legislative Assembly Hastings was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The following were the members for Hastings. Notes Significant elections Hastings was an important battleground during the first Parliament of the Province of Canada. Robert Baldwin, the leader of the Reform movement in Canada West, was elected in the general election of 1841, defeating Edmund Murney, who had represented Hastings in the last Parliament of Upper Canada. The next year, Baldwin and his political partner from Canada East, Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine both became members of the Executive Council, which was a significant step in the development of responsible government. However, the law at that time required that if a member of the Legislative Assembly took an office of profit under the Crown, they were required to vacate their seats and again stand for election. Baldwin did so, triggering a by-election. The by-election for Hastings was held in November, 1842 and became a significant battle between the Reform group and the Tories. Edmund Murney was again the candidate for the Tories, and he defeated Baldwin, which was a major loss for the Reformers. Lafontaine was able to persuade the sitting member of Rimouski in Canada East to retire, opening up the Rimouski seat. Baldwin then ran\",\n \"title\": \"Hastings (Province of Canada electoral district)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13410567\",\n \"text\": \"The 15th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was in session from October 20, 1919, until May 10, 1923, just prior to the 1923 general election. The leading party in the chamber after the election was the United Farmers of Ontario. It formed a coalition government with 11 Labour MLAs and three Independent candidates of varying stripes. The coalition held a slight majority of the seats and the parties it represented had taken about 34 percent of the vote in the 1919 election. The rest of the votes had been split between the Conservatives, the Liberals and others, many of which were unsuccessful candidates. (Under First past the post, any votes cast for unsuccessful candidates are simply disregarded.) The UFO derived a benefit from winning many rural seats where the number of votes involved were less than in the urban districts. In North Brant the UFO candidate won while receiving only 3600 votes while in Ottawa West the Conservative candidate took 9000 votes to win his seat. The party approached Ernest Charles Drury, who had not run in the election, to serve as party leader and premier. Drury had not run in the 1919 election and was elected in a by-election held in Halton in 1920. He made it known that the coalition government party should be known by the name \\\"The People's Party.\\\" Most of the seats the United Farmers won were taken at the expense of the Conservative party, who had formed the government in the preceding assembly and would again regain power in 1923. Nelson Parliament served as speaker for the assembly. The power wielded by the UFO-Labour coalition enabled the passage of progressive Labour and farmer legislation. The government created the first Department of Welfare for the province and brought in allowances for widows and children, a minimum wage for women and standardized adoption procedures. The government also expanded Ontario Hydro and promoted rural electrification, created the Province of Ontario Savings Office - a provincially owned bank that lent money to farmers at a lower rate - began the first major reforestation program in North America, and began construction of the modern highway system. The government was a strict enforcer of the Ontario Temperance Act, enacted in 1916, and Prohibition stayed in force until 1927. The 1923 election saw the UFO-Labour coalition government defeated by a re-energized Conservative Party. The UFO vote stayed solid as compared to 1919 but the UFO suffered under First past the post and took about half the seats it was due. In 1924 (after the 1923 election), the provincial treasurer was found guilty of conspiracy to defraud the government following a series of events known as the Ontario Bond Scandal. In the waning days of the UFO-Labour government, the government attempted to reform the province's electoral system (to introduce proportional representation) but the effort failed, in part due to Conservative opposition. The UFO suffered under the First past the post electoral system used in the 1923 election, taking just about half the seats\",\n \"title\": \"15th Parliament of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1458350\",\n \"text\": \"Melville Carlyle \\\"Bud\\\" Germa (August 5, 1920 — June 17, 1993) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Sudbury from 1967 to 1968 in the House of Commons of Canada, and from 1971 to 1981 in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. He was a member of the New Democratic Party. Before entering politics, Germa was a labourer and union organizer in Sudbury, and served on Sudbury City Council. In 1964, while serving on city council, he advocated for Northern Ontario to separate from Ontario to become its own province. Federal politics Germa first ran as an NDP candidate in the 1965 election, losing to Liberal incumbent Rodger Mitchell. Mitchell died in 1967, however, and in the resulting byelection, Germa won the seat. The results were subject to a judicial recount, due to Germa's narrow margin of victory over Liberal candidate James Jerome, but the recount upheld Germa's victory. Unusually, but legally at the time, he did not resign his city council seat while serving as an MP, but held both positions concurrently. However, in the national election the following year, Jerome defeated Germa to reclaim the seat for the Liberals. Provincial politics Germa subsequently ran in the 1971 provincial election, winning the seat and representing Sudbury in the provincial legislative assembly as a member of the Ontario New Democratic Party. In 1972, he criticized the appointment of Jim Jessiman and Gaston Demers to the board of Ontario Northland. In 1975, Ontario Progressive Conservative Party MPP Frank Drea was forced to apologize in the legislature after claiming in a speech on gun control that some members of the opposition caucuses were members of \\\"Communist organizations\\\"; although Drea did not publicly name on the record who he was talking about, he was overheard by journalists in the press gallery telling a colleague that he was referring to Germa. He was reelected in the 1975 election, in a closely watched three-way race against Liberal Elmer Sopha, his predecessor as MPP, and Conservative Joe Fabbro, at the time the city's mayor. In this term, he served as chair of the legislature's standing committee on public accounts. In 1976, he strongly opposed the government's plan to sell off the former Burwash Industrial Farm site near Sudbury, although after a journalist from CKNC-TV interviewed him about the issue on the Burwash site, Progressive Conservative MPP Margaret Scrivener accused him of illegal trespassing. In 1977, after a list of doctors' billing fees to the Ontario Health Insurance Plan was released to the media, the Tories attempted to have Germa deposed as chair of the public accounts committee, although the move failed. He was reelected to a third term in the 1977 election. He was defeated in the 1981 election by Jim Gordon of the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party. Electoral record References External links 1920 births 1993 deaths Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario New Democratic Party MPs Ontario New Democratic Party MPPs Sudbury, Ontario city councillors\",\n \"title\": \"Bud Germa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"64792931\",\n \"text\": \"Carleton was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada West. It was based on Carleton County, fronting on the Ottawa River. Carleton electoral district was created in 1841, upon the establishment of the Province of Canada by the merger of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. It was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Ontario. Boundaries Carleton electoral district was located in eastern Canada West (now the province of Ontario), on the Ottawa River, which formed the boundary with Canada East (now the province of Quebec). It was based on the boundaries of Carleton County. The electoral district surrounded Bytown, the county seat, but Bytown was not part of Carleton electoral district, being represented by its own electoral district. The Union Act, 1840 had merged the two provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished.Union Act, 1840, 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35, s. 2. The Union Act provided that the pre-existing electoral boundaries of Upper Canada would continue to be used in the new Parliament, unless altered by the Union Act itself. Carleton County had been an electoral district in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada and was continued with the same boundaries. The boundaries for Carleton had been set by a statute of Upper Canada in 1838: The only change from those boundaries was that the county seat, Bytown, was no longer included in Carleton. The Union Act provided that Bytown was its own electoral district in the new Parliament. The boundaries of Bytown electoral district were defined by the Governor General, and any parts of the town which were not included in Bytown electoral district were included in Carleton. In the run-up to the first general election, in 1841, the Governor General, Lord Sydenham, took personal credit for the creation of Bytown as a separate electoral district from Carleton. Members of the Legislative Assembly Carleton was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly. The following were the members for Carleton. Abolition The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the British North America Act, 1867 came into force, creating Canada and splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario. It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. References Electoral districts of Canada West Electoral districts of Ottawa\",\n \"title\": \"Carleton (Province of Canada electoral district)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"43272247\",\n \"text\": \"The Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Canada was the shadow cabinet of the main Opposition party, responsible for holding Ministers to account and for developing and disseminating the party's policy positions. In the 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario, which lasted from 2014 until 2018, the Official Opposition was formed by the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. The Progressive Conservative MPP's not in the final shadow cabinet were former leader Tim Hudak and Jack MacLaren as well as Michael Harris. Elliott left politics and resigned her seat in 2015. See also Executive Council of Ontario Ontario New Democratic Party Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario\",\n \"title\": \"Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4851283\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Parke (1793 – January 29, 1864) was an architect, builder, journalist and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in County Wicklow in Ireland in 1793 and came to York, Upper Canada (now Toronto, Ontario) in 1820. He worked with John Ewart as a master carpenter on a number of construction projects, including the new parliament buildings at York, to replace the first parliament buildings, burnt by American invaders in the War of 1812. In 1832, he moved to London, Upper Canada. He invested in property there and built a gristmill on the Thames River in 1833. He was also involved in projects to establish a railway link to the city and improve navigation on the Thames below London. In 1834, he and Elias Moore from Yarmouth were elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, for the two-member constituency, Middlesex County. They supported the Reform movement, which sought to increase popular control of the provincial government and reduce the influence of the oligarchic Family Compact. The pair was re-elected in 1836, in a very volatile election, a year before the Rebellion of 1837 broke out. In 1838, he was involved with a group of Reformers, including Francis Hincks, who were unhappy with the political environment of the time. They were considering the development of a settlement in Iowa for discontented Canadians. This project did not advance much further than initial planning, although Parke did make one scouting trip to Iowa to evaluate land options. In 1839, he was a co-founder of the Canada Inquirer, later the London Inquirer, a reform-oriented newspaper. He was appointed justice of the peace in the London District in 1840. Parke supported the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. His support was credited for the passage of resolutions in support of the Union in the last sessions of the Upper Canada Legislative Assembly in 1840. In 1841, Parke was elected to the first Parliament of the Province of Canada, as a moderate Reformer. He supported the union of the Canadas and consistently supported the government of the Governor General, Lord Sydenham, in the first session of the Parliament, while supporting Robert Baldwin in subsequent sessions. On June 7, 1841, Parke was also appointed Surveyor-General for the Province of Canada. Since that was an office of profit under the Crown, he was required to resign his seat in the Assembly. He was returned to the Assembly in subsequent by-election on July 10, 1841. Parke stood for re-election in the general election of 1844, but came in third, splitting the Reform vote. Edward Ermatinger, the Tory candidate, won the seat. In 1845, when the position of surveyor general was abolished, he was named customs collector at Port Colborne. He was named to the same post at Port Dalhousie (St Catharines) in 1860. Parke was married twice, and it is not certain exactly how many children he had with his two wives. It is known that he had at least four sons, all of whom\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Parke (architect)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1046331\",\n \"text\": \"Vernon Milton Singer (March 26, 1919 – September 20, 2003) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1959 to 1977 who represented the North York ridings of York Centre, Downsview and Wilson Heights. Background Singer was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of lawyer and politician Joseph Singer who was the first Jewish-Canadian to be elected to the Toronto Board of Control. After serving in World War II with the Royal Canadian Dragoons, Singer returned to Canada and became president of the Young Liberals in 1947. He worked for a while as a lawyer before entering politics. He and his wife Elaine had three children. Politics He became a councillor in North York, Ontario eventually becoming reeve from 1957 to 1958. He ran for the leadership of the Ontario Liberal Party at the 1958 Ontario Liberal leadership convention, placing fourth. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1959 provincial election. Singer became deputy leader of the Ontario Liberal Party and, as a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP), pushed for reforms to municipal law, automobile insurance and electoral laws as well as for the establishment of a provincial ombudsman. He served as Liberal House Leader in the 1970s and, in 1973, sued fellow Liberal MPP Eddie Sargent for libel after Sargent made remarks about Singer's retainer fee from a developer while he was appearing before a legislative committee to explain how he obtained the contract to build Ontario Hydro's new headquarters in Toronto. Singer was deputy leader of the Liberals from 1966 until 1973, when he was asked to step down by leader Robert Nixon, after he filed the lawsuit but was allowed to remain in the shadow cabinet. Singer was re-elected to the legislature on four successive occasions before retiring in 1977. His retirement was controversial as he announced it on the eve of that year's election campaign without giving his Liberal colleagues advance notice. The Progressive Conservatives won Singer's previously safe seat in the election and, the next year, the government appointed Singer to the first of five two-year terms on the Ontario Municipal Board including several years as its chairman. The incident resulted in accusations by NDP MPP Ed Ziemba that the government had bought Singer's seat, and that of fellow Liberal Philip Givens who left in similar circumstances, through political patronage. Later life Following his retirement from the Ontario Municipal Board in 1989, Singer won election to North York's committee of adjustment filling a seat vacated by Patti Starr when she was forced to resign as the result of a wider political scandal. References External links 1919 births 2003 deaths Mayors of North York Ontario Liberal Party MPPs Jewish mayors of places in Canada Metropolitan Toronto councillors Canadian Army personnel of World War II Royal Canadian Dragoons soldiers\",\n \"title\": \"Vernon Singer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35648537\",\n \"text\": \"The list of Ontario by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of Ontario. By-elections occur whenever there is a vacancy in the Legislative Assembly, although an imminent general election may allow the vacancy to remain until the dissolution of parliament. Causes A by-election occurs whenever there is a vacancy in the Ontario legislature. Vacancies can occur for the following reasons: Death of a member. Resignation of a member. Voided results Expulsion from the legislature. Ineligibility to sit. When there is a vacancy, a by-election must be called within six months. Under amendments to the Election Act approved in 2016, a by-election is no longer required when a vacancy occurs in the 12 months leading up to a fixed general election date. Ministerial by-elections The list includes ministerial by-elections which occurred due to the requirement that incumbent members recontest their seats upon being appointed to Cabinet. These by-elections were almost always uncontested. This requirement was amended in 1926 to exempt ministers appointed within three months after a general election. In 1941 it was abolished completely. 43rd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2022–present 42nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2018–2022 41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2014–2018 40th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2011–2014 39th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2007–2011 38th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2003–2007 37th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1999–2003 36th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1995–1999 35th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1990–1995 34th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1987–1990 33rd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1985–1987 32nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1981–1985 31st Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1977–1981 30th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1975–1977 no by-elections 29th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1971–1975 28th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1967–1971 27th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1963–1967 26th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1959–1963 25th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1955–1959 † Won by acclamation 24th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1951–1955 23rd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1948–1951 22nd Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1945–1948 21st Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1943–1945 20th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1937–1943 † Won by acclamation *Though nominally an \\\"Independent-Liberal\\\", MacBride was a supporter of the Liberal government and was a cabinet minister at the time of his death 19th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1934–1937 † Won by acclamation 18th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1929–1934 † Won by acclamation 17th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1926–1929 † Won by acclamation 16th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1923–1926 † Won by acclamation 15th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1919–1923 † Won by acclamation 14th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1914–1919 † Won by acclamation 13th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1911–1914 † Won by acclamation 12th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1908–1911 † Won by acclamation 11th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1905–1908 † Won by acclamation 10th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1902–1904 9th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1898–1902 † Won by acclamation 8th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1894–1898 † Won by acclamation 7th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1890–1894 † Won by acclamation 6th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1886–1890 † Won by acclamation 5th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1883–1886 † Won by acclamation 4th\",\n \"title\": \"List of Ontario by-elections\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3098608\",\n \"text\": \"The Adoption Information Disclosure Act, formally An Act respecting the disclosure of information and records to adopted persons and birth parents, also known as Bill 183, is an Ontario (Canada) law regarding the disclosure of information between parties involved in adoptions. The Act was passed by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 2005 and put into force on September 17, 2007. Significant sections of it were quashed just two days later in a ruling by Judge Edward Belobaba of the Ontario Superior Court. On November 13, 2007, the Ontario government announced that instead of appealing Belobaba's decision, it would opt to amend the act to contain a universal disclosure veto. It accordingly introduced the Access to Adoption Records Act on December 10, 2007, which passed third reading in May 2008 and took effect in September 2008. Background From 1927 until the mid-1980s, certain measures existed in Ontario to preserve anonymity between birth parents and adoptees; this was consistent with adoption practice elsewhere in Canada and the United States at that time. The practice was reduced but not eliminated for current adoptions, but there remained the question of what to do with existing adoption records: how does the right to information for either party compare with the obligation of honouring past commitments to privacy? Adoptees and birth parents could apply to be put onto the government-run Adoption Disclosure Register, but the process was long, the resources for active searches for birth relatives were limited, and success was not guaranteed. NDP MPP Marilyn Churley introduced several bills into the Legislative Assembly starting in the late 1990s. Her strong stance for open records was personally motivated, as she had placed a child for adoption years earlier and was later reunited with him. None of these bills were passed. Bill 183 In 2005, Sandra Pupatello introduced Bill 183, the Adoption Information Disclosure Act. It permits the disclosure, to an adult adoptee, of that adoptee's original full name, birth certificate, and the names of birth parents. To birth parents, it permits the disclosure of an adoptee's legal (adoptive) name. The bill was supported by the Ontario Association of Children's Aid Societies. It was criticized by others, many of whom were opposed to its lack of a general disclosure veto (see below). Ontario Privacy Commissioner Ann Cavoukian stated that the bill was insufficiently respectful of implicit or explicit promises of anonymity made to birth mothers in the past. Several adoptees including Denbigh Patton and birth parents campaigned actively against the bill, Patton arguing that he alone should decide when, if ever, to release his identity to his birth parents. Bill 183 was passed 68 to 19 by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on November 1, 2005. All 19 votes against the bill came from the opposition Conservatives, who objected to the lack of a disclosure veto provision. Disclosure veto question Unlike several other retroactive adoption disclosure laws in Canada and unlike any of Churley's proposals, Bill 183 did not have any universal \\\"disclosure veto\\\" provision. Such\",\n \"title\": \"Adoption Information Disclosure Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13458974\",\n \"text\": \"The 16th Legislative Assembly of Ontario was in session from June 25, 1923, until October 18, 1926, just prior to the 1926 general election. The majority party was the Ontario Conservative Party led by George Howard Ferguson. The United Farmers of Ontario party, who had held the balance of power in the preceding assembly, lost most of their seats to Conservatives. The Liberals led by Wellington Hay were recognized as the Official Opposition following the 1923 election by the governing Conservatives, despite the fact that the United Farmers of Ontario had more seats. According to historian Peter Oliver, this was an arbitrary decision without basis in precedent or law. Conservative Premier G. Howard Ferguson used as justification an announcement by UFO general secretary James J. Morrison that the UFO would be withdrawing from party politics, though Oliver argues that this was facetious logic. UFO parliamentary leader Manning Doherty protested the decision, but to no avail. In the course of the parliament, most UFO MLAs reorganized themselves as the Progressive Party under the leadership of first Manning Doherty and then William Raney, with only Beniah Bowman and Leslie Warner Oke continuing as UFO MLAs. Joseph Elijah Thompson served as speaker for the assembly. Members elected to the Assembly Listing reflects the UFO/Progressive split in 1924. Italicized names indicate members returned by acclamation. Timeline External links Members in Parliament 16 References Terms of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1923 establishments in Ontario 1926 disestablishments in Ontario\",\n \"title\": \"16th Parliament of Ontario\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["107"],"string":"[\n \"107\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":48,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_45983"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"how many episodes in season 2 of luke cage"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"52476225","text":"The second and final season of the American streaming television series Luke Cage, which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, sees Luke Cage become a hero and celebrity in Harlem after clearing his name, only to face a new threat. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Cheo Hodari Coker serving as showrunner. Mike Colter stars as Cage, alongside returning principal cast members Simone Missick, Theo Rossi, and Alfre Woodard. They are joined by Gabrielle Dennis and Mustafa Shakir, with Jessica Henwick, Finn Jones, and Stephen Rider reprising their roles from other Marvel Netflix series; Rosario Dawson also returns in a guest role. The season was ordered in December 2016, and filmed in New York City from June to November 2017. Coker again emphasized music in the season: Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad returned to compose the original score, using blues and reggae to represent the conflict between the Stokes family and Shakir's John \"Bushmaster\" McIver; the season again features performances from various artists; and each episode is named after a Pete Rock & CL Smooth song. Reg E. Cathey has a recurring role as Cage's father in one of his last performances, and the season is dedicated to his memory. The season premiered on June 21, 2018, before all 13 episodes were released on Netflix on June 22. It was widely praised as better than the first season, particularly for its narrative and cast—Woodard's performance especially—though there was again some criticism for its pacing. Netflix canceled the series on October 19, 2018. Episodes Cast and characters Main Mike Colter as Luke Cage Simone Missick as Mercedes \"Misty\" Knight Theo Rossi as Hernan \"Shades\" Alvarez Gabrielle Dennis as Tilda Johnson Mustafa Shakir as John \"Bushmaster\" McIver Alfre Woodard as Mariah Stokes-Dillard Featured Jessica Henwick as Colleen Wing Finn Jones as Danny Rand / Iron Fist Stephen Rider as Blake Tower Recurring Reg E. Cathey as James Lucas Ron Cephas Jones as Bobby Fish Peter Jay Fernandez as Tom Ridenhour Dorian Crossmon Missick as Dontrell \"Cockroach\" Hamilton Kevin Mambo as Sheldon Thomas Q. Jones as Darius \"Comanche\" Jones Jeremiah Richard Craft as D. W. Griffith Chaz Lamar Shepherd as Raymond \"Piranha\" Jones Sean Ringgold as Sugar Tarah Rodgers as Stephanie / Billie Sahr Ngaujah as Paul \"Anansi\" Mackintosh Danny Johnson as Benjamin Donovan Antonique Smith as Nandi Tyler Justin Swain as Mark Bailey Heather Alicia Simms as Ingrid Mackintosh John Clarence Stewart as Alex Wesley Karen Pittman as Priscilla Ridley Notable guests Rosario Dawson as Claire Temple Elden Henson as Foggy Nelson Frank Whaley as Rafael Scarfe Darius Kaleb as Lonnie Wilson Tijuana Ricks as Thembi Wallace Jade Wu as Connie Lin Andrew Pang as Donnie Chang Joniece Abbott-Pratt as Esther \"Etta\" Lucas Rob Morgan as Turk Barrett LaTanya Richardson Jackson as \"Mama Mabel\" Stokes Curtiss Cook as","title":"Luke Cage season 2"},{"docid":"46536356","text":"The second season of the American streaming television series Daredevil, which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, follows Matt Murdock / Daredevil, a blind lawyer-by-day who fights crime at night, crossing paths with the deadly Frank Castle / Punisher along with the return of an old girlfriend—Elektra Natchios. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez serving as showrunners, and series creator Drew Goddard acting as consultant. Charlie Cox stars as Murdock, while Jon Bernthal and Élodie Yung are introduced as Castle and Natchios, respectively. Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio also return from the first season, with Stephen Rider joining them. The season was ordered in April 2015 after the successful release of the first, with Petrie and Ramirez replacing the season one showrunner Steven S. DeKnight. Production on the season began in July 2015 and continued through December, with the season focusing on the nature of heroism through comparison of Murdock to Castle and Natchios, and showing how the latter two affect Murdock's life. The first two episodes of the season premiered in Paris on March 7, 2016, with the full season of 13 episodes released on Netflix on March 18. Critics praised the introduction of Castle and Natchios, as well as Bernthal's performance in particular, the season's action, and storylines. However, many missed the presence of Vondie Curtis-Hall's Ben Urich from season one, and D'Onofrio's Wilson Fisk during the first half of season two. The series was renewed for a third season in July 2016. Episodes Cast and characters Main Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil Deborah Ann Woll as Karen Page Elden Henson as Franklin \"Foggy\" Nelson Jon Bernthal as Frank Castle / Punisher Élodie Yung as Elektra Natchios Stephen Rider as Blake Tower Rosario Dawson as Claire Temple Vincent D'Onofrio as Wilson Fisk / Kingpin Recurring Royce Johnson as Brett Mahoney Susan Varon as Josie Michelle Hurd as Samantha Reyes Marilyn Torres as Louisa Delgado Geoffrey Cantor as Mitchell Ellison Ron Nakahara as Hirochi John Pirkis as Stan Gibson Scott Glenn as Stick Peter Shinkoda as Nobu Yoshioka Notable guests Rob Morgan as Turk Barrett Matt Gerald as Melvin Potter Peter McRobbie as Paul Lantom Amy Rutberg as Marci Stahl Kevin Nagle as Roscoe Sweeney Wai Ching Ho as Gao Suzanne H. Smart as Shirley Benson Carrie-Anne Moss as Jeri Hogarth Production Development When asked about the future of the series following the first season, showrunner Steven S. DeKnight said that Daredevil \"is one part of the bigger plan—Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, Iron Fist, and then The Defenders. How that all fits together, and whether or not there will be a second season of this show—or if it will fold into the others—are questions nobody really has answers to yet.\" In November 2014, DeKnight","title":"Daredevil season 2"},{"docid":"30686067","text":"The third season of Australia's Greatest Athlete was broadcast on the Seven Network and was hosted by Mark Beretta, with last season's competitor Wendell Sailor. Mark Webber and past season winner Billy Slater presented occasional fitness tips and interviews with the competitors in video packages. Billy Slater, who won the first two seasons of the show, did not defend his title due to recovery from shoulder surgery, but was still involved in the show as a 'Rexona ambassador' alongside Mark Webber, where each also tips a player in each event. This season was filmed at the Novotel Twin Waters Resort on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. The season began on 13 February 2011 at 4:30pm for a total of six episodes. Participants Shannon Eckstein - Three-time world Ironman champion and runner up of season 2 Mark Winterbottom - V8 Supercar driver Quade Cooper - Rugby Union player Luke Hodge - Australian rules football player Kurt Gidley - Rugby league 4 time defending champion Eamon Sullivan - Olympic swimmer Fabrice Lapierre - athletics competitor (long jump) Ken Wallace - Olympic Kayaking competitor Episodes Episode 1 Mini Ironman Challenge Rugby Oz Tag Challenge Episode 2 Swimming Challenge Bench Press Challenge Episode 3 Jet Ski Challenge 40m Beach Sprint Challenge Episode 4 Surf Boat Rowing Challenge AFL Kick For Goal Challenge Episode 5 Basketball Challenge Boxing Challenge Episode 6 Final Assault Course Results table The following table shows how many points each competitor earned throughout the series. † indicates this event was the 'sports specific challenge' for this athlete The contestant won the challenge The contestant came second in the challenge The contestant came last in the challenge The contestant won the series The contestant came second overall in the series The contestant came last overall in the series References External links Official Website Preview of competition - The Roar 2011 Australian television seasons","title":"Australia's Greatest Athlete season 3"},{"docid":"46491472","text":"The first season of the American streaming television series Daredevil, which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, follows the early days of Matt Murdock / Daredevil, a lawyer-by-day who fights crime at night, juxtaposed with the rise of crime lord Wilson Fisk. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, DeKnight Productions and Goddard Textiles, with Steven S. DeKnight serving as showrunner, and series creator Drew Goddard acting as consultant. Charlie Cox stars as Murdock, while Vincent D'Onofrio plays Fisk. They are joined by principal cast members Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, Ayelet Zurer, and Rosario Dawson. Daredevil entered development in late 2013, with Goddard hired in December. DeKnight replaced him as showrunner and Cox was hired to star in May 2014. Filmed in New York City from July to December 2014, the season focuses on the darker, more mature elements of the source material. Stephanie Maslansky designed the costumes for the season, with the final red suit for Daredevil designed by Ryan Meinerding and the costume artists at Marvel Studios. The season features links and references to other MCU projects, including future Netflix series. The first two episodes of the season premiered in Los Angeles on April 2, 2015, with the full season of 13 episodes released on Netflix on April 10 to an estimated high viewership. Critics praised the performances, particularly D'Onofrio's, and the darker tone and action sequences of the series compared to other properties set in the MCU. However, some of the pacing during the season and the final red Daredevil suit received criticism. The first season received three nominations at 67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, for Outstanding Special Visual Effects from Shade VFX, Outstanding Sound Editing for a One-Hour Series, and for Outstanding Main Title Design. The series was renewed for a second season on April 21, 2015. Episodes Cast and characters Main Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil Deborah Ann Woll as Karen Page Elden Henson as Franklin \"Foggy\" Nelson Toby Leonard Moore as James Wesley Vondie Curtis-Hall as Ben Urich Bob Gunton as Leland Owlsley Ayelet Zurer as Vanessa Marianna Rosario Dawson as Claire Temple Vincent D'Onofrio as Wilson Fisk Recurring Peter McRobbie as Paul Lantom Rob Morgan as Turk Barrett Royce Johnson as Brett Mahoney Daryl Edwards as Carl Hoffman Chris Tardio as Christian Blake Wai Ching Ho as Gao Peter Shinkoda as Nobu Yoshioka Nikolai Nikolaeff as Vladimir Ranskahov Susan Varon as Josie Geoffrey Cantor as Mitchell Ellison Adriane Lenox as Doris Urich Judith Delgado as Elena Cardenas Amy Rutberg as Marci Stahl Tom Walker as Francis Production Development In October 2013, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to","title":"Daredevil season 1"},{"docid":"1872189","text":"The Pulse is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics, written by Brian Michael Bendis, about the people who work on \"The Pulse\", a weekly section in the fictional Daily Bugle newspaper, focusing on superheroes. The main star of the book is Jessica Jones, a former superhero and private investigator, previously seen in the Alias series. Jones works as a specialist consultant for \"The Pulse\" with journalists Ben Urich and Kat Farrell. Other cast members include Luke Cage, superhero and boyfriend to Jessica, the Bugle'''s publisher, J. Jonah Jameson, and senior editor Joseph \"Robbie\" Robertson. Story arcsThin Air (Issues #1-5) In the first story arc, the Green Goblin's true identity is revealed to the public after an investigation by The Daily Bugle into the murder of a Bugle journalist. After an extended battle with Spider-Man and Luke Cage, the Goblin is arrested and sent to prison for the first time in the character's 40-year history. Also, Ben Urich reveals to Peter Parker that he is aware that Peter is Spider-Man.Secret War (Issues #6-9) In the second story arc, in a tie-in to the Secret War mini-series, Jessica and Luke are attacked by Lucia von Bardas who leaves Luke in a coma. The hospital where Luke is being cared for is attacked and Luke disappears. Jessica fails to get help from the Bugle in locating him and must find him herself.House of M (Stand-alone issue #10) In a House of M tie-in, Kat Farrell meets Hawkeye, who is alive in this reality and despondent over recovering the memory of his life in the regular 616 universe (most specifically his death at the hands of the Scarlet Witch).The Pulse Special Edition #1 A 50-cent promo printed on cheap newsprint. Made to look like a copy of the Daily Bugle's Pulse publication, covering the events of the House of M universe. Articles are \"Headline News\", \"Global News\", \"Politics\", \"History Today\", \"Science\", \"Sports\", \"Arts and Leisure\" and \"Personal Growth\".Fear (Issues #11-13) Ben Urich starts to investigate a down and out \"C-list\" hero named D-Man. With Luke Cage now an Avenger, Jessica Jones's water breaks while she, Luke Cage and best friend Carol Danvers are picking out a new costume design for him. Carol Danvers rushes Jessica to the hospital. Jessica gives birth to a baby girl, and refuses to give The Daily Bugle the agreed upon exclusive story. At the same time J. Jonah Jameson's slanderous coverage of the Avengers' unveiling (in New Avengers #15) brings Jessica to quit her job at the Bugle.Finale (Stand-alone Issue #14) Jessica Jones tells her baby girl, Danielle, about the first time she met Luke Cage. Jessica decides to consent to be his wife, though she has not informed Luke. [She would marry him in New Avengers Annual #1] Collected editions The series has been collected into trade paperbacks:Volume 1: Thin Air (collects 1-5, 2004, )Volume 2: Secret War (collects 6-9, 2005, )Volume 3: Fear (collects 11-14 and New Avengers Annual #1, 2006, ) Also published in","title":"The Pulse (comics)"},{"docid":"63050370","text":"Love Life is an American romantic comedy anthology television series created by Sam Boyd and starring Anna Kendrick that premiered on the HBO Max streaming service on May 27, 2020. The series follows a different person each season from their first romance until their last romance and \"how the people we're with along the way make us into who we are when we finally end up with someone forever.\" In December 2022, Love Life was canceled after two seasons and removed from HBO Max. Cast Main Anna Kendrick as Darby Carter (season 1; special guest star season 2) Zoë Chao as Sara Yang (season 1; guest star season 2), Darby's roommate and best friend Sasha Compère as Mallory Moore (season 1; guest star season 2), Darby's other roommate and friend Peter Vack as Jim (season 1; guest star season 2), Sara's boyfriend and later ex-boyfriend William Jackson Harper as Marcus Watkins (season 2) Jessica Williams as Mia Hines (season 2) Comedian CP as Yogi (season 2) Punkie Johnson as Ida Watkins (season 2) The series is narrated by Lesley Manville (season 1) and Keith David (season 2). Recurring Jin Ha as Augie Jeong Hope Davis as Claudia Hoffman, Darby's mother Janet Hubert as Donna Watkins, Marcus' mother (season 2) Jordan Rock as Trae Lang (season 2) Leslie Bibb as Becca Evans (season 2) John Earl Jelks as Kirby Watkins (season 2) Arian Moayed as Kian Parsa (season 2) Steven Boyer as Josh (season 2) Guest Scoot McNairy as Bradley Field Maureen Sebastian as Kate Field Nadia Quinn as Lola Gus Halper as Danny Two-Phones Nick Thune as Magnus Lund James LeGros as Larry Carter Jackson Demott Hill as Hunter Carter Siobhan Fallon Hogan as Darby's therapist Courtney Grosbeck as teenager Darby Carter John Gallagher Jr. as Luke Ducharme Griffin Gluck portrays teenager Luke Ducharme Kingsley Ben-Adir as Grant Maya Kazan as Emily Hexton (season 2) Kimberly Elise as Suzanné Hayward (season 2) Ego Nwodim as Ola Adebayo (season 2) Blair Underwood as Leon Hines (season 2) Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2020) Season 2 (2021) Production Development On May 23, 2019, it was announced that WarnerMedia had ordered a romantic comedy anthology straight to series with the first season consisting of ten episodes for HBO Max. The series was created by Sam Boyd who was also expected to executive produce alongside Anna Kendrick, Paul Feig, Jessie Henderson, and Bridget Bedard. The pilot was also written and directed by Sam Boyd. Production companies involved with the series were slated to consist of Lionsgate Television and Feigco Entertainment. On June 11, 2020, HBO Max renewed the series for a second season. Janet Hubert, Jordan Rock, and Maya Kazan joined the second season as executive producers. Casting Alongside the initial series announcement, Anna Kendrick was also cast in a lead role. On August 13, 2019, it was reported that Zoë Chao, Sasha Compère and Peter Vack joined the cast in starring roles, with Scoot McNairy joining in a recurring role. On November 5,","title":"Love Life (American TV series)"},{"docid":"56227476","text":"I Want My Phone Back is an American game show web series that premiered on November 2, 2016, on Comcast Watchable. In 2017, it was subsequently picked up by Facebook Watch where it has since aired two seasons. The series was created by Luke Kelly-Clyne and is hosted by Alana Johnston. The show's team of improvisers include Blake Rosier, Inessa Frantowski, Brandon Gardner, Laci Mosely, Kausar Mohammed, and Oscar Montoya. Premise I Want My Phone Back follows host \"Alana Johnston and a cast of improv performers take to the streets of Los Angeles, giving passersby the chance to win up to $1,000 — by handing over their mobile phones and letting the show’s pranksters post to social media, and text and call their contacts. The longer contestants stay in the game, the more money they make.\" Production Development The series originated as a short video entitled I Want My Phone Back: The Scariest Game Show Ever that was produced by Big Breakfast for CollegeHumor and initially released on YouTube on November 13, 2015. The short was created by Luke Kelly-Clyne, directed by Todd G. Bieber, and featured Brandon Gardner as host. The video proved to be quite successful on CollegeHumor's YouTube channel where it quickly earned a million views. After testing how the idea could be turned into a 30-minute TV show or 10-minute web series, the series was sold to streaming service Comcast Watchable. On August 22, 2016, it was announced that the short had been developed into a series and that Comcast Watchable had ordered a first season consisting of ten episodes. It premiered on November 2, 2016. In September 2017, it was reported that Comcast was reassessing their Watchable platform and planning to de-emphasize over-the-top distribution, and halt future work centered on Watchable originals including I Want My Phone Back. Move to Facebook Watch In mid-2017, it was announced that the series had been picked up for two new seasons by Facebook Watch. The first of those ten episode seasons premiered on August 29, 2017. Episodes Season 1 (2016) Season 2 (2017) Season 3 (2017-18) Reception Viewers Since launching on Facebook Watch on August 29, 2017, I Want My Phone Back has accumulated more than 370,000 followers. By January 2018, the show's reach topped 12 million. In addition, the show ranks seventh in overall engagement, its interaction rate stands at 9%, and 11% of all followers like, share or comment on content. Awards and nominations The series was included in Paste Magazines list of the 10 Best Comedy Web Series in 2016. References External links Official Watchable website Facebook Watch original programming 2010s American reality television series 2016 American television series debuts American English-language television shows American non-fiction web series 2018 American television series endings","title":"I Want My Phone Back"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"52476225\",\n \"text\": \"The second and final season of the American streaming television series Luke Cage, which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, sees Luke Cage become a hero and celebrity in Harlem after clearing his name, only to face a new threat. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Cheo Hodari Coker serving as showrunner. Mike Colter stars as Cage, alongside returning principal cast members Simone Missick, Theo Rossi, and Alfre Woodard. They are joined by Gabrielle Dennis and Mustafa Shakir, with Jessica Henwick, Finn Jones, and Stephen Rider reprising their roles from other Marvel Netflix series; Rosario Dawson also returns in a guest role. The season was ordered in December 2016, and filmed in New York City from June to November 2017. Coker again emphasized music in the season: Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad returned to compose the original score, using blues and reggae to represent the conflict between the Stokes family and Shakir's John \\\"Bushmaster\\\" McIver; the season again features performances from various artists; and each episode is named after a Pete Rock & CL Smooth song. Reg E. Cathey has a recurring role as Cage's father in one of his last performances, and the season is dedicated to his memory. The season premiered on June 21, 2018, before all 13 episodes were released on Netflix on June 22. It was widely praised as better than the first season, particularly for its narrative and cast—Woodard's performance especially—though there was again some criticism for its pacing. Netflix canceled the series on October 19, 2018. Episodes Cast and characters Main Mike Colter as Luke Cage Simone Missick as Mercedes \\\"Misty\\\" Knight Theo Rossi as Hernan \\\"Shades\\\" Alvarez Gabrielle Dennis as Tilda Johnson Mustafa Shakir as John \\\"Bushmaster\\\" McIver Alfre Woodard as Mariah Stokes-Dillard Featured Jessica Henwick as Colleen Wing Finn Jones as Danny Rand / Iron Fist Stephen Rider as Blake Tower Recurring Reg E. Cathey as James Lucas Ron Cephas Jones as Bobby Fish Peter Jay Fernandez as Tom Ridenhour Dorian Crossmon Missick as Dontrell \\\"Cockroach\\\" Hamilton Kevin Mambo as Sheldon Thomas Q. Jones as Darius \\\"Comanche\\\" Jones Jeremiah Richard Craft as D. W. Griffith Chaz Lamar Shepherd as Raymond \\\"Piranha\\\" Jones Sean Ringgold as Sugar Tarah Rodgers as Stephanie / Billie Sahr Ngaujah as Paul \\\"Anansi\\\" Mackintosh Danny Johnson as Benjamin Donovan Antonique Smith as Nandi Tyler Justin Swain as Mark Bailey Heather Alicia Simms as Ingrid Mackintosh John Clarence Stewart as Alex Wesley Karen Pittman as Priscilla Ridley Notable guests Rosario Dawson as Claire Temple Elden Henson as Foggy Nelson Frank Whaley as Rafael Scarfe Darius Kaleb as Lonnie Wilson Tijuana Ricks as Thembi Wallace Jade Wu as Connie Lin Andrew Pang as Donnie Chang Joniece Abbott-Pratt as Esther \\\"Etta\\\" Lucas Rob Morgan as Turk Barrett LaTanya Richardson Jackson as \\\"Mama Mabel\\\" Stokes Curtiss Cook as\",\n \"title\": \"Luke Cage season 2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"46536356\",\n \"text\": \"The second season of the American streaming television series Daredevil, which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, follows Matt Murdock / Daredevil, a blind lawyer-by-day who fights crime at night, crossing paths with the deadly Frank Castle / Punisher along with the return of an old girlfriend—Elektra Natchios. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Doug Petrie and Marco Ramirez serving as showrunners, and series creator Drew Goddard acting as consultant. Charlie Cox stars as Murdock, while Jon Bernthal and Élodie Yung are introduced as Castle and Natchios, respectively. Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio also return from the first season, with Stephen Rider joining them. The season was ordered in April 2015 after the successful release of the first, with Petrie and Ramirez replacing the season one showrunner Steven S. DeKnight. Production on the season began in July 2015 and continued through December, with the season focusing on the nature of heroism through comparison of Murdock to Castle and Natchios, and showing how the latter two affect Murdock's life. The first two episodes of the season premiered in Paris on March 7, 2016, with the full season of 13 episodes released on Netflix on March 18. Critics praised the introduction of Castle and Natchios, as well as Bernthal's performance in particular, the season's action, and storylines. However, many missed the presence of Vondie Curtis-Hall's Ben Urich from season one, and D'Onofrio's Wilson Fisk during the first half of season two. The series was renewed for a third season in July 2016. Episodes Cast and characters Main Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil Deborah Ann Woll as Karen Page Elden Henson as Franklin \\\"Foggy\\\" Nelson Jon Bernthal as Frank Castle / Punisher Élodie Yung as Elektra Natchios Stephen Rider as Blake Tower Rosario Dawson as Claire Temple Vincent D'Onofrio as Wilson Fisk / Kingpin Recurring Royce Johnson as Brett Mahoney Susan Varon as Josie Michelle Hurd as Samantha Reyes Marilyn Torres as Louisa Delgado Geoffrey Cantor as Mitchell Ellison Ron Nakahara as Hirochi John Pirkis as Stan Gibson Scott Glenn as Stick Peter Shinkoda as Nobu Yoshioka Notable guests Rob Morgan as Turk Barrett Matt Gerald as Melvin Potter Peter McRobbie as Paul Lantom Amy Rutberg as Marci Stahl Kevin Nagle as Roscoe Sweeney Wai Ching Ho as Gao Suzanne H. Smart as Shirley Benson Carrie-Anne Moss as Jeri Hogarth Production Development When asked about the future of the series following the first season, showrunner Steven S. DeKnight said that Daredevil \\\"is one part of the bigger plan—Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, Iron Fist, and then The Defenders. How that all fits together, and whether or not there will be a second season of this show—or if it will fold into the others—are questions nobody really has answers to yet.\\\" In November 2014, DeKnight\",\n \"title\": \"Daredevil season 2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"30686067\",\n \"text\": \"The third season of Australia's Greatest Athlete was broadcast on the Seven Network and was hosted by Mark Beretta, with last season's competitor Wendell Sailor. Mark Webber and past season winner Billy Slater presented occasional fitness tips and interviews with the competitors in video packages. Billy Slater, who won the first two seasons of the show, did not defend his title due to recovery from shoulder surgery, but was still involved in the show as a 'Rexona ambassador' alongside Mark Webber, where each also tips a player in each event. This season was filmed at the Novotel Twin Waters Resort on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. The season began on 13 February 2011 at 4:30pm for a total of six episodes. Participants Shannon Eckstein - Three-time world Ironman champion and runner up of season 2 Mark Winterbottom - V8 Supercar driver Quade Cooper - Rugby Union player Luke Hodge - Australian rules football player Kurt Gidley - Rugby league 4 time defending champion Eamon Sullivan - Olympic swimmer Fabrice Lapierre - athletics competitor (long jump) Ken Wallace - Olympic Kayaking competitor Episodes Episode 1 Mini Ironman Challenge Rugby Oz Tag Challenge Episode 2 Swimming Challenge Bench Press Challenge Episode 3 Jet Ski Challenge 40m Beach Sprint Challenge Episode 4 Surf Boat Rowing Challenge AFL Kick For Goal Challenge Episode 5 Basketball Challenge Boxing Challenge Episode 6 Final Assault Course Results table The following table shows how many points each competitor earned throughout the series. † indicates this event was the 'sports specific challenge' for this athlete The contestant won the challenge The contestant came second in the challenge The contestant came last in the challenge The contestant won the series The contestant came second overall in the series The contestant came last overall in the series References External links Official Website Preview of competition - The Roar 2011 Australian television seasons\",\n \"title\": \"Australia's Greatest Athlete season 3\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"46491472\",\n \"text\": \"The first season of the American streaming television series Daredevil, which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, follows the early days of Matt Murdock / Daredevil, a lawyer-by-day who fights crime at night, juxtaposed with the rise of crime lord Wilson Fisk. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, DeKnight Productions and Goddard Textiles, with Steven S. DeKnight serving as showrunner, and series creator Drew Goddard acting as consultant. Charlie Cox stars as Murdock, while Vincent D'Onofrio plays Fisk. They are joined by principal cast members Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, Ayelet Zurer, and Rosario Dawson. Daredevil entered development in late 2013, with Goddard hired in December. DeKnight replaced him as showrunner and Cox was hired to star in May 2014. Filmed in New York City from July to December 2014, the season focuses on the darker, more mature elements of the source material. Stephanie Maslansky designed the costumes for the season, with the final red suit for Daredevil designed by Ryan Meinerding and the costume artists at Marvel Studios. The season features links and references to other MCU projects, including future Netflix series. The first two episodes of the season premiered in Los Angeles on April 2, 2015, with the full season of 13 episodes released on Netflix on April 10 to an estimated high viewership. Critics praised the performances, particularly D'Onofrio's, and the darker tone and action sequences of the series compared to other properties set in the MCU. However, some of the pacing during the season and the final red Daredevil suit received criticism. The first season received three nominations at 67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, for Outstanding Special Visual Effects from Shade VFX, Outstanding Sound Editing for a One-Hour Series, and for Outstanding Main Title Design. The series was renewed for a second season on April 21, 2015. Episodes Cast and characters Main Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil Deborah Ann Woll as Karen Page Elden Henson as Franklin \\\"Foggy\\\" Nelson Toby Leonard Moore as James Wesley Vondie Curtis-Hall as Ben Urich Bob Gunton as Leland Owlsley Ayelet Zurer as Vanessa Marianna Rosario Dawson as Claire Temple Vincent D'Onofrio as Wilson Fisk Recurring Peter McRobbie as Paul Lantom Rob Morgan as Turk Barrett Royce Johnson as Brett Mahoney Daryl Edwards as Carl Hoffman Chris Tardio as Christian Blake Wai Ching Ho as Gao Peter Shinkoda as Nobu Yoshioka Nikolai Nikolaeff as Vladimir Ranskahov Susan Varon as Josie Geoffrey Cantor as Mitchell Ellison Adriane Lenox as Doris Urich Judith Delgado as Elena Cardenas Amy Rutberg as Marci Stahl Tom Walker as Francis Production Development In October 2013, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to\",\n \"title\": \"Daredevil season 1\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1872189\",\n \"text\": \"The Pulse is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics, written by Brian Michael Bendis, about the people who work on \\\"The Pulse\\\", a weekly section in the fictional Daily Bugle newspaper, focusing on superheroes. The main star of the book is Jessica Jones, a former superhero and private investigator, previously seen in the Alias series. Jones works as a specialist consultant for \\\"The Pulse\\\" with journalists Ben Urich and Kat Farrell. Other cast members include Luke Cage, superhero and boyfriend to Jessica, the Bugle'''s publisher, J. Jonah Jameson, and senior editor Joseph \\\"Robbie\\\" Robertson. Story arcsThin Air (Issues #1-5) In the first story arc, the Green Goblin's true identity is revealed to the public after an investigation by The Daily Bugle into the murder of a Bugle journalist. After an extended battle with Spider-Man and Luke Cage, the Goblin is arrested and sent to prison for the first time in the character's 40-year history. Also, Ben Urich reveals to Peter Parker that he is aware that Peter is Spider-Man.Secret War (Issues #6-9) In the second story arc, in a tie-in to the Secret War mini-series, Jessica and Luke are attacked by Lucia von Bardas who leaves Luke in a coma. The hospital where Luke is being cared for is attacked and Luke disappears. Jessica fails to get help from the Bugle in locating him and must find him herself.House of M (Stand-alone issue #10) In a House of M tie-in, Kat Farrell meets Hawkeye, who is alive in this reality and despondent over recovering the memory of his life in the regular 616 universe (most specifically his death at the hands of the Scarlet Witch).The Pulse Special Edition #1 A 50-cent promo printed on cheap newsprint. Made to look like a copy of the Daily Bugle's Pulse publication, covering the events of the House of M universe. Articles are \\\"Headline News\\\", \\\"Global News\\\", \\\"Politics\\\", \\\"History Today\\\", \\\"Science\\\", \\\"Sports\\\", \\\"Arts and Leisure\\\" and \\\"Personal Growth\\\".Fear (Issues #11-13) Ben Urich starts to investigate a down and out \\\"C-list\\\" hero named D-Man. With Luke Cage now an Avenger, Jessica Jones's water breaks while she, Luke Cage and best friend Carol Danvers are picking out a new costume design for him. Carol Danvers rushes Jessica to the hospital. Jessica gives birth to a baby girl, and refuses to give The Daily Bugle the agreed upon exclusive story. At the same time J. Jonah Jameson's slanderous coverage of the Avengers' unveiling (in New Avengers #15) brings Jessica to quit her job at the Bugle.Finale (Stand-alone Issue #14) Jessica Jones tells her baby girl, Danielle, about the first time she met Luke Cage. Jessica decides to consent to be his wife, though she has not informed Luke. [She would marry him in New Avengers Annual #1] Collected editions The series has been collected into trade paperbacks:Volume 1: Thin Air (collects 1-5, 2004, )Volume 2: Secret War (collects 6-9, 2005, )Volume 3: Fear (collects 11-14 and New Avengers Annual #1, 2006, ) Also published in\",\n \"title\": \"The Pulse (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"63050370\",\n \"text\": \"Love Life is an American romantic comedy anthology television series created by Sam Boyd and starring Anna Kendrick that premiered on the HBO Max streaming service on May 27, 2020. The series follows a different person each season from their first romance until their last romance and \\\"how the people we're with along the way make us into who we are when we finally end up with someone forever.\\\" In December 2022, Love Life was canceled after two seasons and removed from HBO Max. Cast Main Anna Kendrick as Darby Carter (season 1; special guest star season 2) Zoë Chao as Sara Yang (season 1; guest star season 2), Darby's roommate and best friend Sasha Compère as Mallory Moore (season 1; guest star season 2), Darby's other roommate and friend Peter Vack as Jim (season 1; guest star season 2), Sara's boyfriend and later ex-boyfriend William Jackson Harper as Marcus Watkins (season 2) Jessica Williams as Mia Hines (season 2) Comedian CP as Yogi (season 2) Punkie Johnson as Ida Watkins (season 2) The series is narrated by Lesley Manville (season 1) and Keith David (season 2). Recurring Jin Ha as Augie Jeong Hope Davis as Claudia Hoffman, Darby's mother Janet Hubert as Donna Watkins, Marcus' mother (season 2) Jordan Rock as Trae Lang (season 2) Leslie Bibb as Becca Evans (season 2) John Earl Jelks as Kirby Watkins (season 2) Arian Moayed as Kian Parsa (season 2) Steven Boyer as Josh (season 2) Guest Scoot McNairy as Bradley Field Maureen Sebastian as Kate Field Nadia Quinn as Lola Gus Halper as Danny Two-Phones Nick Thune as Magnus Lund James LeGros as Larry Carter Jackson Demott Hill as Hunter Carter Siobhan Fallon Hogan as Darby's therapist Courtney Grosbeck as teenager Darby Carter John Gallagher Jr. as Luke Ducharme Griffin Gluck portrays teenager Luke Ducharme Kingsley Ben-Adir as Grant Maya Kazan as Emily Hexton (season 2) Kimberly Elise as Suzanné Hayward (season 2) Ego Nwodim as Ola Adebayo (season 2) Blair Underwood as Leon Hines (season 2) Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2020) Season 2 (2021) Production Development On May 23, 2019, it was announced that WarnerMedia had ordered a romantic comedy anthology straight to series with the first season consisting of ten episodes for HBO Max. The series was created by Sam Boyd who was also expected to executive produce alongside Anna Kendrick, Paul Feig, Jessie Henderson, and Bridget Bedard. The pilot was also written and directed by Sam Boyd. Production companies involved with the series were slated to consist of Lionsgate Television and Feigco Entertainment. On June 11, 2020, HBO Max renewed the series for a second season. Janet Hubert, Jordan Rock, and Maya Kazan joined the second season as executive producers. Casting Alongside the initial series announcement, Anna Kendrick was also cast in a lead role. On August 13, 2019, it was reported that Zoë Chao, Sasha Compère and Peter Vack joined the cast in starring roles, with Scoot McNairy joining in a recurring role. On November 5,\",\n \"title\": \"Love Life (American TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"56227476\",\n \"text\": \"I Want My Phone Back is an American game show web series that premiered on November 2, 2016, on Comcast Watchable. In 2017, it was subsequently picked up by Facebook Watch where it has since aired two seasons. The series was created by Luke Kelly-Clyne and is hosted by Alana Johnston. The show's team of improvisers include Blake Rosier, Inessa Frantowski, Brandon Gardner, Laci Mosely, Kausar Mohammed, and Oscar Montoya. Premise I Want My Phone Back follows host \\\"Alana Johnston and a cast of improv performers take to the streets of Los Angeles, giving passersby the chance to win up to $1,000 — by handing over their mobile phones and letting the show’s pranksters post to social media, and text and call their contacts. The longer contestants stay in the game, the more money they make.\\\" Production Development The series originated as a short video entitled I Want My Phone Back: The Scariest Game Show Ever that was produced by Big Breakfast for CollegeHumor and initially released on YouTube on November 13, 2015. The short was created by Luke Kelly-Clyne, directed by Todd G. Bieber, and featured Brandon Gardner as host. The video proved to be quite successful on CollegeHumor's YouTube channel where it quickly earned a million views. After testing how the idea could be turned into a 30-minute TV show or 10-minute web series, the series was sold to streaming service Comcast Watchable. On August 22, 2016, it was announced that the short had been developed into a series and that Comcast Watchable had ordered a first season consisting of ten episodes. It premiered on November 2, 2016. In September 2017, it was reported that Comcast was reassessing their Watchable platform and planning to de-emphasize over-the-top distribution, and halt future work centered on Watchable originals including I Want My Phone Back. Move to Facebook Watch In mid-2017, it was announced that the series had been picked up for two new seasons by Facebook Watch. The first of those ten episode seasons premiered on August 29, 2017. Episodes Season 1 (2016) Season 2 (2017) Season 3 (2017-18) Reception Viewers Since launching on Facebook Watch on August 29, 2017, I Want My Phone Back has accumulated more than 370,000 followers. By January 2018, the show's reach topped 12 million. In addition, the show ranks seventh in overall engagement, its interaction rate stands at 9%, and 11% of all followers like, share or comment on content. Awards and nominations The series was included in Paste Magazines list of the 10 Best Comedy Web Series in 2016. References External links Official Watchable website Facebook Watch original programming 2010s American reality television series 2016 American television series debuts American English-language television shows American non-fiction web series 2018 American television series endings\",\n \"title\": \"I Want My Phone Back\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"51791914","text":"Erik LaRay Harvey (born 1972) is an American actor known for his roles as Dunn Purnsley in Boardwalk Empire, Willis Stryker / Diamondback in Luke Cage, and his role in The Charnel House (2016). Early life Erik LaRay Harvey was drawn into acting when he saw a theatrical performance of The Wiz. In his youth, he aspired to be a dentist. Career Harvey has performed in feature films, television series, and TV movies. Early TV roles include two episodes of Law & Order (1994 and 1998); two episodes of NYPD Blue (1997 and 2003); Now and Again; and Third Watch. He appears in two additional Law & Order series: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (two episodes; 2003 and 2013) and Law & Order: Criminal Intent (one episode; 2005). Roles in feature films include Twister, The Caveman's Valentine and Rounders. His two major roles have been on the HBO series Boardwalk Empire as Dunn Purnsley (2011–2013) and the Netflix series Luke Cage as Willis \"Diamondback\" Stryker. Filmography Film Television Video games References External links American male television actors Living people New York University alumni Place of birth missing (living people) 1972 births 21st-century American male actors 20th-century American male actors American male film actors American male video game actors People from Bainbridge, Georgia Male actors from Georgia (U.S. state)","title":"Erik LaRay Harvey"},{"docid":"51061639","text":"\"The Devil in the Details\" is the 10th episode and midseason premiere of the paranormal drama television series Supernaturals season 11, and the 228th overall. The episode was written by Andrew Dabb and directed by Thomas J. Wright. It was first broadcast on January 20, 2016 on The CW. In the episode, Lucifer shows Sam his memories in an attempt for him to say yes to be his vessel. The title is a reference to the phrase \"The devil is in the detail\", meaning a mystery or loop on a detail. The episode received critical acclaim with critics praising the Castiel reveal. Plot Rowena (Ruth Connell) had a dream where Lucifer (Mark Pellegrino) showed up with the promise of rewards if she brought him Sam (Jared Padalecki). In the present, Lucifer shows Sam a memory of his childhood to show his changes and how he and Dean always take the decision to save each other instead of the world. Crowley (Mark A. Sheppard) accuses Rowena of betraying him but she defends herself by claiming Lucifer will give her rewards. Dean (Jensen Ackles) is called by Crowley to notify him that Sam is in the Cage. Castiel (Misha Collins) and Ambriel (Valerie Tian) inspect the explosion area to find Amara. Amara (Emily Swallow) consumes Ambriel's soul but spares Castiel's life, sending him to Hell. Dean contacts Billie (Lisa Berry) to get him through Hell. He and Crowley then put Rowena in a witchcatcher so she can be Crowley's slave. Lucifer begins attacking Sam and when Dean and Castiel arrive, he transports them into the cage. They get into a fight while Rowena tries to invoke a spell. She manages to get them out of the cage before Lucifer kills them. Sam and Dean leave the Hell while Castiel stays behind. Sam tells Dean that Lucifer may have been right but Dean states that Lucifer and the Darkness in the same earth would be catastrophic. Castiel goes with Crowley and Crowley discovers to his shock that Castiel is none other than Lucifer. It turns out Castiel accepted to be his vessel so he could stop the Darkness. Lucifer frees Rowena and then kills her so he can't go back to the cage. He then sits next to Crowley, telling him they need to talk. Reception Viewers The episode was watched by 1.83 million viewers with a 0.7/2 share among adults aged 18 to 49. This was a 4% decrease in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 1.90 million viewers from a 0.7/2 share in the 18-49 demographics. 0.7 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 2 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. Critical reviews \"The Devil in the Details\" received critical acclaim from critics. Matt Fowler of IGN gave the episode a \"great\" 8.6 out of 10 and wrote in her verdict, \"'The Devil in the Details' was scrumptious Supernatural. My one main gripe, however, isn't necessarily that Cas made a","title":"The Devil in the Details"},{"docid":"26702204","text":"The fourth season of the American television comedy series How I Met Your Mother premiered on September 22, 2008 and concluded on May 18, 2009. It consisted of 24 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length. CBS broadcast the fourth season on Monday nights at 8:30 pm in the United States. The complete fourth season was released on Region 1 DVD on September 29, 2009. In the United Kingdom it aired on E4. The fourth season is the only season of How I Met Your Mother to be nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series. Cast Main cast Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby Jason Segel as Marshall Eriksen Cobie Smulders as Robin Scherbatsky Neil Patrick Harris as Barney Stinson Alyson Hannigan as Lily Aldrin Bob Saget (uncredited) as Future Ted Mosby (voice only) Recurring cast Sarah Chalke as Stella Zinman Lyndsy Fonseca as Penny, Ted's Daughter David Henrie as Luke, Ted's Son Charlene Amoia as Wendy the Waitress Bryan Callen as Bilson Jason Jones as Tony Grafanello Darcy Rose Byrnes as Lucy Zinman Marshall Manesh as Ranjit Joe Nieves as Carl, the owner of MacLarens Pub Matt Boren as Stuart Guest cast Regis Philbin as himself Bill Fagerbakke as Marvin Eriksen, Sr. David Burtka as Scooter Frances Conroy as Loretta Stinson Erin Cahill as Heather Mosby Brooke D'Orsay as Margaret (Betty - Barney's Wife) Laura Prepon as Karen Kendra Wilkinson as herself Kevin Michael Richardson as Stan Heidi Montag as herself Spencer Pratt as himself Kim Kardashian as herself Will Sasso as Doug Martin Episodes U.S. viewership This season is currently the second highest rated season of How I Met Your Mother in terms of viewership, at an average of 9.42 million viewers. However, it is currently the highest rated in terms of the important Adults 18-49 demographic, which is what advertisers use to determine how much a 30-second advertising spot costs. Season 4 averaged 4.0/10 in terms of rating/share in the Adults 18-49 demographic. Critical response Season 4 received highly positive reviews and is often considered to be the best season of the series. Michelle Zoromski of IGN gave Season 4 an overall rating of 8.5 out of 10. Michelle stated, \"This fourth season seemed to settle down the chase for the titular mother. While Ted was busy dating Stella, the gang settled into many stand alone episodes which were every bit as entertaining as episodes devoted to Ted's love life,\" later going on to say, \"A stellar Robin-Marshall episode, titled \"Little Minnesota,\" makes it clear that these two do not get enough screen time together. With Robin homesick and unemployed (and at risk of being deported), this pairing brought out the best Robin Sparkles reference of the season, when Marshall leads a rousing karaoke version of \"Let's Go to the Mall!\" References External links 4 2008 American television seasons 2009 American television seasons","title":"How I Met Your Mother season 4"},{"docid":"45083058","text":"Marvel's The Defenders is an American television miniseries created by Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez for the streaming service Netflix, based on the Marvel Comics characters Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist, who form the eponymous superhero team. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the franchise's films. The miniseries is a crossover event and the culmination for four previously released interconnected series from Marvel and Netflix. It was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, Nine and a Half Fingers, Inc., and Goddard Textiles, with Ramirez serving as showrunner. The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, Krysten Ritter as Jessica Jones, Mike Colter as Luke Cage, and Finn Jones as Danny Rand / Iron Fist, all reprising their roles from their individual series. It also stars Eka Darville, Elden Henson, Jessica Henwick, Simone Missick, Ramón Rodríguez, Rachael Taylor, Deborah Ann Woll, Élodie Yung, Rosario Dawson, and Scott Glenn, all also returning from previous series, as well as Sigourney Weaver. Development began in late 2013, with Cox the first actor cast in May 2014. Petrie and Ramirez joined as showrunners in April, after doing so for the second season of Daredevil. Petrie left with the start of filming, which took place in New York City from October 2016 to March 2017. Cinematography and design work established the different color palettes from the characters' individual series, and combined them as the team is formed. The Defenders premiered in New York on July 31, 2017, with all eight episodes released on Netflix on August 18. Critics were mostly positive about the crossover, highlighting the dynamics between the different Defenders as well as Weaver's performance, but were generally disappointed with the overall story, pacing, and the use of the Hand as villains. Third-party analysis indicated that the miniseries was the least-viewed Marvel Netflix series so far and had the largest week-over-week drop in viewership of them all, though it was the third-most \"Binge Raced\" series globally at the time of its release, according to Netflix. It received several award nominations. The Defenders, along with the other Marvel Netflix series, was removed from Netflix on March 1, 2022, after Disney regained the license for the series. They began streaming on Disney+ from March 16. Premise Set a few months after the second season of Daredevil, and a month after the first season of Iron Fist, the vigilantes Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist team up in New York City to fight a common enemy, the Hand. Cast and characters Main Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil: A blind pro-bono lawyer in Hell's Kitchen, with his remaining senses enhanced, who is secretly a vigilante. Cox felt the second season of Daredevil, in which Murdock fought alongside Elektra Natchios and Frank Castle, prepared the character to accept help in The Defenders, and that moving into the miniseries the death of Natchios would be weighing heavily on Murdock. Ramirez likened Murdock and","title":"The Defenders (miniseries)"},{"docid":"25438208","text":"\"Fizbo\" is the ninth episode of the first season of the American family sitcom television series Modern Family and the ninth episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC in the United States on November 25, 2009. The episode was written by Brad Walsh & Paul Corrigan and directed by Jason Winer. In the episode, Phil and Claire try to throw a party for Luke's birthday. Cameron decides to dress up as his clown character Fizbo to attend the party. Manny has a hard time impressing a girl after taking advice from Jay. Haley gets jealous when Dylan talks to the animal handler of the party and ignores her in the process. Everything seems to go fine, but after Haley frees a scorpion from its cage, things go wrong and the family ends up going to the emergency room. \"Fizbo\" has received positive reviews from critics with many naming it the best episode up to that point. Despite this, \"Fizbo\" was viewed in 7.12 million households when it premiered, becoming the lowest rated episode of the series. Ratings analysts attributed Fizbo’s low ratings to the episode airing the night before Thanksgiving. Eric Stonestreet won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his performance in this episode. Plot It is Luke's (Nolan Gould) birthday and Phil (Ty Burrell) and Claire (Julie Bowen) want to throw a big birthday party for him. Phil is the one who organizes things for the party. Among other things he ordered, he also asks for an animal handler, Jungle Tanya (Margo Harshman), who brings different animals to show them to the kids, including iguanas, a python and a scorpion. Claire sets up a comb sheath making stand but Phil says that it will be boring. Manny (Rico Rodriguez) wants to impress a girl he likes from school, Bianca (Kaitlyn Dever), and she is going to be at Luke's birthday party. He does not know what to do to get her attention and he asks for Jay's (Ed O'Neill) advice. Jay tells him that girls go for power and success and since he does not have any of those, he should be the funny guy. Manny's attempts to be funny do not have much of success. Cameron (Eric Stonestreet) dresses up as Fizbo the clown, despite Mitchell's (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) disagreement. But Cameron believes that there cannot be a party without a clown so he ignores him. On their way to the party though, Cameron defends Mitchell at the gas station, and Mitchell sees him in a different way. When they arrive at the party, it turns out Phil is afraid of clowns. Haley's (Sarah Hyland) boyfriend Dylan (Reid Ewing) is also at the party. When Dylan starts talking with Jungle Tanya ignoring Haley, Haley gets jealous and she frees the scorpion from its box to take her revenge. Everything is going well at the party until the moment the freed scorpion triggers a chain of events and the","title":"Fizbo"},{"docid":"2343740","text":"This is a list of episodes for the 1979–1985 CBS action-adventure/comedy series The Dukes of Hazzard. The show ran for seven seasons and a total of 147 episodes. Many of the episodes followed a similar structure: \"out-of-town crooks pull a robbery, Duke boys blamed, spend the rest of the hour clearing their names, the General Lee flies and the squad cars crash\". Also, almost every episode would begin with the Duke boys driving along in the General Lee, whether running an errand or just out on a leisurely drive, and inadvertently stumbling upon one of the sheriff's speed traps. Series overview Episodes Season 1 (1979) Season 2 (1979–80) Starting with this season, a new closing sequence was introduced. This time, it shows the General Lee and Enos' police car going around in circles. This remained in use until the end of the series in 1985. Also at the beginning of this season, the show is now produced by Lou Step Productions. Season 3 (1980–81) This season consisted of 21 episodes. Season 3 brought a big change to the show. Sonny Shroyer, who played the part of Deputy Enos Strate, was leaving the show to star in a short-lived Dukes of Hazzard spin-off series, called Enos. Rosco's pet dog Flash was introduced in this season. Flash would stay until the end of the series in 1985. In the second episode, Enos was written out of the show as moving to California to take a job with the Los Angeles Police Department. This is the last season to use the Season 2 closing theme. During the opening credits, Enos is out, and Cletus Hogg (Rick Hurst) is in. Season 4 (1981–82) Season 5 (1982–83) Byron Cherry and Christopher Mayer were promoted to opening titles starting with this season. Beginning with season 5, over a royalties dispute, John Schneider (Bo Duke) and Tom Wopat (Luke Duke) were fired from the series. They were replaced by their cousins Coy Duke and Vance Duke. The show's ratings nosedived and, after 18 episodes, Wopat and Schneider were hired back. According to the series bible, Luke and Bo's 18-episode absence was due to their competing (and, ultimately, winning big) in the NASCAR circuit. Their return episode has the distinction of featuring all four Duke boys. This season consisted of 22 episodes. Sonny Shroyer returns as Enos for the rest of the series after the cancellation of the spin-off Enos. Season 6 (1983–84) Season 7 (1984–85) References External links Episodes Lists of American comedy-drama television series episodes","title":"List of The Dukes of Hazzard episodes"},{"docid":"22650936","text":"Life Bites is a British adaptation of the Italian series Life Bites – Pillole di vita by Disney Channel Italy. It premiered on 6 September 2008. The show series looks at the everyday adventures of Chloe and Harvey, who are brother and sister and their relationships with family and friends. Each episode looks at variety of themes including school, dating, sport and music. The school which they attend is filmed at Brentside High School in Hanwell, West London. The first season premiered on 6 September 2008 and has 16 episodes; the second season started in July 2009 and has 12 episodes, including a Halloween special and a Christmas special. Cast Main Amy Wren as Chloe Benedict Smith as Harvey, brother of Chloe Tianna Webster as Molly, younger sister of Chloe and Harvey Nicola Posener as Pyper, Chloe's best friend Naomi Scott as Megan, Pyper's and Chloe's best friend Rupert Simonian as Frank, classmate Lucien Laviscount as Jake, Harvey's best friend Dominique Moore as Esther, Chloe's and Pyper's best friend Jeremy Irvine as Luke, Harvey and Frank's best friend Recurring Neil Roberts as Richard Andrea Spisto as Jenni Claire Cage as Mum Brad Kavanagh as band member in Harvey's, Frank's and Luke's band References External links Disney Channel (British and Irish TV channel) original programming 2000s British children's television series 2008 British television series debuts 2009 British television series endings","title":"Life Bites"},{"docid":"44253420","text":"The Lucha Underground Championship was a professional wrestling world championship owned by the Lucha Underground promotion. The championship was the top championship of the promotion and was generally contested in professional wrestling matches, in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than in direct competition. The championship was introduced in episode 8 (\"A Unique Opportunity\") taped on October 4, 2014, and broadcast on December 17, 2014, with the first champion being determined on episode 9 (\"Aztec Warfare\") which was taped on October 5, 2014, and broadcast on television on January 7, 2015. The final champion was Jake Strong, who won the title on the last episode of Lucha Underground. As it was a professional wrestling championship, the title was not won by actual competition, but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers. On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant, which means there is no champion at that point in time. This can either be due to a storyline, or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship, or leaving the company. History During Episode 8 (\"A Unique Opportunity\") of Lucha Underground's first season the storyline owner of Lucha Underground, Dario Cueto, announced that he was introducing the \"top prize\" in the promotion, the Lucha Underground Championship, revealing the belt to the audience in the arena and viewers at home. He explained that on the following week's show 20 wrestlers would compete in an Aztec Warfare match, featuring a mixture of male, female and Mini-Estrella competitors in the ring at the same time. During episode 8 Mil Muertes defeated Fénix in a match, earning him the number 20 spot, while forcing Fénix to be the first man in the match. Episode 9 (\"Aztec Warfare\") was dedicated to the championship match and saw Prince Puma pin Johnny Mundo to eliminate him from the match and become the inaugural Lucha Underground Champion. During the broadcast a couple weeks later (\"They Call Him Cage\") after Puma defeated Cage by disqualification to retain the championship, Cage tore the championship belt apart in a fit of anger, ripping the leather strap in half. As a result, Dario Cueto introduced a new Lucha Underground Championship belt in Episode 20 (\"The Art of War\") that was presented to Prince Puma. Prince Puma retained his championship in many matches for the title against Fénix, Cage, King Cuerno, Drago, Hernandez, Johnny Mundo, and Chavo Guerrero Jr. On Episode 31 (\"The Desolation of Drago\") Drago defeated King Cuerno, Cage and Hernandez to earn a match against Prince Puma at Ultima Lucha, Lucha Underground's season finale. Afterwards Cueto announced that Drago would face Mil Muertes on episode 33 for the right to challenge the champion. Episode 33 was taped on April 11, 2015 and had Muertes defeat Drago to earn the match against Prince Puma. At Ultima Lucha Mil Muertes defeated Prince Puma to win the title and end the last episode of the first season as","title":"Lucha Underground Championship"},{"docid":"51941959","text":"Luke Cage (Original Soundtrack Album) is the soundtrack album to the 2016 first season of the streaming television series Luke Cage, featuring music composed by Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad. The soundtrack was released on October 7, 2016, digitally and with a vinyl release by Mondo. Younge and Muhammad were asked to join the series by showrunner Cheo Hodari Coker, and strove to write a score inspired by hip hop. They were given a full orchestra to record the score with. In addition to their music, the soundtrack includes songs from various artists that gave onscreen performances during the season, including the original song \"Bulletproof Love\" featuring Method Man, which was also released before the album as a single. Background In April 2016, Luke Cage showrunner Cheo Hodari Coker revealed that Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad were composing the series' score, describing it as \"a '90s hip-hop vibe\" with \"a lot of different musical appearances\". Younge and Muhammad spotted each episode together with the episode's director, then went off and worked on certain cues each, though the two did work on some cues together. Marvel Television, Netflix, and ABC were extremely supportive of Younge and Muhammad's artistic process after hearing their first work for the series (the duo started by composing the bookending music of the second episode), asking them to \"push\" the sound of the score as far as they could, and allowing them the use of a full, 30-piece orchestra for recording. The score was orchestrated and conducted by Miguel Atwood-Ferguson, and recorded and mixed at Raphael Saadiq's studio. Marvel did criticize the initial theme music that Younge and Muhammad wrote for the series, which was inspired by the \"British library music\" of Alan Tew. Coker wanted to use the music, but the studio felt that it was too slow to play over the opening credits. They eventually agreed to use the music for the closing credits of each episode, and wrote a piece closer to \"classic\" theme music for the opening. They still made this \"more funky, and kind of crazy\" compared to traditional themes, and Marvel praised it. For Younge, it was important that the music for the series be recorded using analog technologies, comparing it to the music of Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder where \"you don't like it just because it's composed well. You don't like it just because they have great voices. You like it because of the way it makes you feel, sonically ... the deep, organic, soulful sound waves in it.\" He felt that music produced digitally could not replicate this quality and would be \"cutting corners\". The series features onscreen performances by various artists, which Coker wanted to use to help capture the vibe of the neighborhood. Several of these songs are included on the soundtrack album, including the single \"Bulletproof Love\", featuring Method Man, an original rap song featured in the episode \"Soliloquy of Chaos\". The track was arranged by Younge and Muhammad, and includes much of","title":"Luke Cage (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"26701861","text":"The second season of the American television comedy series How I Met Your Mother premiered on September 18, 2006 and concluded on May 14, 2007. It consisted of 22 episodes, each approximately 22 minutes in length. CBS broadcast the first three episodes of the second season on Monday nights at 8:30 pm in the United States, the remaining episodes were broadcast at 8:00pm. The complete second season was released on Region 1 DVD on October 2, 2007. In the United Kingdom it aired on E4 from October 2, 2009 weekdays at 7:30pm. Cast Main cast Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby Jason Segel as Marshall Eriksen Cobie Smulders as Robin Scherbatsky Neil Patrick Harris as Barney Stinson Alyson Hannigan as Lily Aldrin Bob Saget (uncredited) as Future Ted Mosby (voice only) Recurring cast Lyndsy Fonseca as Penny, Ted's Daughter David Henrie as Luke, Ted's Son Joe Nieves as Carl Charlene Amoia as Wendy the Waitress Joe Manganiello as Brad Morris Marshall Manesh as Ranjit Guest cast Bryan Cranston as Hammond Druthers David Burtka as Scooter Bob Barker as himself Wayne Brady as James Stinson Michael Gross as Alfred Mosby Charles Robinson as Bank President Emmitt Smith as himself Lucy Hale as Katie Scherbatsky Ryan Pinkston as Kyle Candice King as Amy Episodes References 2 2006 American television seasons 2007 American television seasons","title":"How I Met Your Mother season 2"},{"docid":"49047979","text":"The story of the Two Wolves is a memetic legend of unknown origin, commonly attributed to Cherokee or other indigenous American peoples in popular retelling. The legend is usually framed as a grandfather or elder passing wisdom to a young listener; the elder describes a battle between two wolves within one’s self, using the battle as a metaphor for inner conflict. When the listener asks which wolf wins, the grandfather answers \"whichever one you feed\". While many variations of the story exist (replacing wolves with dogs, changing the nature of the conflict, etc.) the usual conflict uses imagery of white vs black and good vs evil, As its origins cannot be credibly traced to authentic indigenous sources, the “Two Wolves” story is considered an example of fakelore. In media The story is quoted and referenced in various forms in media articles. The story is featured in the 2015 film Tomorrowland: Casey: \"There are two wolves\" ... You told me this story my entire life, and now I'm telling you: There are two wolves and they are always fighting. One is darkness and despair, the other is light and hope. Which wolf wins? Eddie: C'mon, Casey. Casey: Okay, fine, don't answer. Eddie: Whichever one you feed. Other examples include: In the television series Luke Cage (Season 2, Episode 2, at time-index 48:06) a pastor tells the story of a \"Cherokee Legend\", with the metaphor of two wolves fighting, where the boy in the story asks \"Which wolf is stronger?\" and his grandfather responds: \"It's the one you feed.\" In an issue of the Daredevil comic series, the character Echo encounters Wolverine while on a vision quest. He tells her a version of the Two Wolves story he learned from the Chief, albeit referring to them as dogs. Echo then reveals that her late father was the one who originally told that story to the Chief. In Knightfall (Season One, Episode Four, \"He Who Discovers His Own Self, Discovers God) Godfrey tells the story to Landry in a flashback. In the television series 12 Monkeys (Season 1, Episode 6, at time-index 29:14) Cole tells Aaron the story as he mentions that Cassie feeds the good wolf. The marquee of the Tarkovsky Theatre in John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum advertises a performance titled \"A Tale of Two Wolves.\" Versions with dogs There are similar stories told by Christian ministers appearing in print prior to the story of the Two Wolves that refer to dogs instead of wolves. An early variation of this story was published in The Daily Republican, Monongahela, Pennsylvania on November 16, 1962. William J. Turner Jr. prefaced a meditation on \"two natures within\" (Romans 7:18–19) with this illustration: \"A man traveling through the mountains came upon an old mountaineer who had two dogs. Both dogs were the same size, and they fought continually. The visitor asked the mountaineer which dog usually won. The old fellow studied for a moment, spat over the fence, and said, 'The one I feed","title":"Two Wolves"},{"docid":"47718585","text":"Blake Tower is a fictional supporting character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. An attorney who often appears in stories featuring Spider-Man and Daredevil, he first appeared in Daredevil #124 and was created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist Bob Brown. Blake Tower was a main character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) Netflix television series Daredevil where he was portrayed by Stephen Rider. He also appeared in guest appearances in two seasons of the series Luke Cage, and is credited as the main for his appearance in the second season. Publication history Blake Tower first appeared in Daredevil #124 and was created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist Bob Brown. Fictional character biography Born in New York, Blake Tower became a brilliant lawyer and opened his own law firm. After watching the clash between Daredevil and the new Torpedo, Tower competed with Foggy Nelson for election as district attorney, and his campaign won in a landslide. Among his first tasks was the official presentation of the computer W.H.O. (Worldwide Habitual Offender) Dr. Armstrong Smith. After a brief meeting with the Heroes for Hire, Luke Cage and Iron Fist, Tower dealt with the acquittal of Spider-Man against charges for the death of George Stacy and Norman Osborn. He also tried to help Spider-Man against the attacks of J. Jonah Jameson, Spencer Smythe and the Spider-Slayer. Subsequently, Tower collected the deposition of Captain America regarding a case involving Batroc the Leaper. This made him several enemies in criminal circles and he became the target of a hit man, only being saved by the intervention of Luke Cage and Iron Fist. Tower participated in trials against Boomerang and Punisher, afterwards convincing the supervillain Slyde to work with and engage his former employer for money laundering. After the murder of colleague Jean DeWolff, Tower assisted in the process of the only suspect, the Sin-Eater and the dissolution of Heroes for Hire, meanwhile following procedures to bring the body of Ned Leeds to the United States. Tower had a long association with She-Hulk which ended because of the heroine's hectic life. Tower later participated in the trial of Peter Parker during the \"Clone Saga\", and in the trial of Winter Soldier for his previous actions. In other media Blake Tower is a recurring character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe's Netflix TV series, portrayed by Stephen Rider. Tower makes his debut in the second season of Daredevil. He is an Assistant District Attorney, who is a subordinate of Manhattan District Attorney Samantha Reyes. He becomes a reluctant ally to Nelson & Murdock after Grotto gets killed by the Punisher and Karen Page confronts Tower with evidence that Reyes will double-cross him. After Reyes is gunned down in her office by men working for the Blacksmith, Tower ends up taking her place as District Attorney. In Luke Cage, Tower shows up in \"Now You're Mine\" during Diamondback's hostage situation at Harlem's Paradise. He informs Inspector Priscilla Ridley about Mariah Dillard's negotiations with city","title":"Blake Tower"},{"docid":"28149971","text":"The Straight Edge Society was a villainous professional wrestling stable in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) that appeared on its SmackDown brand. The concept behind the group was the straight edge lifestyle, which promotes and abides to discipline—primarily no smoking, drinking, or drugs. The group acted as a militant organization, denouncing all people who did not live the straight edge lifestyle, even those who also abstain from substance abuse, so new members were required to shave their heads, which signified a \"new beginning\". The founder and leader of the group was CM Punk, who follows the straight edge lifestyle in real life. Members included Joey Mercury, Luke Gallows, and Serena. As of , Punk, and Gallows remain employed with the WWE, while Deeb is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). History Formation Before The Straight Edge Society was formed, CM Punk feuded with Jeff Hardy over the World Heavyweight Championship while making allusions to Hardy's real life drug usage. In the end, on the August 28 episode of SmackDown, Punk retained his World Heavyweight Championship in a Loser Leaves WWE steel cage match and Hardy left the WWE. The formation began on the November 27, 2009 episode of SmackDown where Punk transformed the formerly mentally disabled and unresponsive Festus into the focused and driven Luke Gallows, who explained that his friends got him hooked on prescription pain medication, which explained his behavior as Festus, and he also credited Punk with cleaning him up and \"showing him the way\", and became Punk's main enforcer. Gallows would assist Punk in his feuds with R-Truth and Matt Hardy. A few weeks later, the two began shaving the heads of (planted) fans in the audience who wished to follow the straight edge lifestyle, demonstrating a \"new beginning\" for their lives. Before Punk was able to find a third person to convert, a woman named Serena came out of the crowd begging to be saved by Punk, but instead of having security escort her out, he accepted Serena and shaved her head. From thereafter, Serena accompanied Punk and ran interference in his matches. Punk would interrupt many events in an attempt to recruit members to The Straight Edge Society, starting from the Royal Rumble, where he would preach while eliminating Dolph Ziggler, Evan Bourne, JTG, Beth Phoenix, and Zack Ryder, even though he was ultimately eliminated from the speaking platform by Triple H, whom he had tried to convert previously and who had espoused that he too avoided drugs, smoke, and alcohol, but he did not think it was right to be preaching like Punk was doing. On February 23, 2010 it was revealed that Punk would be mentoring Darren Young, a \"South Beach Party Boy\", on the first season of NXT. A few weeks later, Young became fascinated with The Straight Edge Society and decided to join them, only to quickly change his mind after finding out he had to shave his head as initiation. Feud with Rey Mysterio The Straight Edge Society would","title":"Straight Edge Society"},{"docid":"56489186","text":"How to Stay Married is an Australian television comedy series screening on Network 10. It premiered on 8 November 2018. The series is a spin-off of an episode of the 2013 anthology comedy series It's a Date on the ABC. The show is a Princess Pictures and Pablo Pictures co-production. The show was renewed for a second season on 22 August 2018, before the first episode aired. All episodes of season 2 were initially released on streaming service 10 Play on March 26, 2020 for two weeks as part of Network Ten's \"10 Shows in 10 Days\" promotion during the COVID-19 pandemic. It later premiered on Network Ten on Tuesday, 5 May 2020. A third season premiered on May 4, 2021. Synopsis After fifteen years of marriage, the lives of Greg and Em Butler and their two daughters change when Em returns to work, Greg is made redundant and his brother Brad moves in. Cast Main cast Recurring cast Guests Christopher Kirby as Luke Garrison Nicholas Bell as Brian Steve Bastoni as Lenny Main characters Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2018) Season 2 (2020) Season 3 (2021) References External links 2018 Australian television series debuts 2010s Australian comedy television series Television shows set in Melbourne Network 10 original programming","title":"How to Stay Married"},{"docid":"34822117","text":"Luke Nguyen's Vietnam is an Australian television series first screened on SBS One in 2010. The series follows chef, Luke Nguyen, as he tours Vietnam seeking culinary delights and adventure. It is regularly broadcast on Good Food, a UK food-orientated TV channel. Luke Nguyen Luke Nguyen (born 1978) is a Vietnamese Australian chef, best known as the host of television series Luke Nguyen's Vietnam. The series is a food documentary, in which he travels through Vietnam, cooking in the ad hoc manner of the street vendors in the country, usually preparing the dish on the footpaths. He appeared on MasterChef Australia (season 2) as a guest chef. He is also the owner of Red Lantern restaurant in Surry Hills, Sydney and is the author of a number of cook books. He's a current judge of MasterChef Vietnam. Season One Episode 1: Saigon Episode 2: Saigon Episode 3: Mekong delta Episode 4: Phu Quoc Island Episode 5: Phan thiet and mui ne Episode 6: Dalat Episode 7: Nha trang Episode 8: Quy nhon Episode 9: Hoi an Episode 10: Hoi an 2 Season Two Episode 1: Hue Episode 2: Vinh Episode 3: Ninh Binh Episode 4: Hanoi Episode 5: Greater Hanoi Episode 6: Sapa Episode 7: Sapa 2 Episode 8: Bac Ha Episode 9: Halong Bay Episode 10: Mai Chau References External links Luke Nguyen's Vietnam on SBS Special Broadcasting Service original programming Australian cooking television series","title":"Luke Nguyen's Vietnam"},{"docid":"75438924","text":"\"Gang War\" is a 2023 storyline published by Marvel Comics. It was created by Zeb Wells and John Romita Jr. The story involves Spider-Man and the local superheroes working to deal with a gang war between the different families after Tombstone was shot and the crime families plan to take over the criminal underworld. Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 6 #39, Deadly Hands of Kung Fu: Gang War #1, and Luke Cage: Gang War #2 were dedicated in memory of Keith Giffen who died from a stroke on October 9, 2023. Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 6 #40, Luke Cage: Gang War #3, Miles Morales: Spider-Man Vol. 2 #14, and Spider-Woman Vol. 8 #2 saluted the retirement of Alison Gill. The event overall received mixed reviews, with criticism directed towards the artwork, tie-ins, pacing, character arcs, and the lack of focus on Spider-Man. Publication history Gang War will detail the different crime families going to war after Tombstone was shot by Shotgun during the wedding of Janice Lincoln and Randy Robertson. With the crime families blaming each other for calling the hit and planning to take over the criminal underworld, Spider-Man works to keep the gang war from getting worse with help from the local superheroes while also dealing with the anti-vigilante laws that will cause all the sides to come into conflict with the NYPD. Plot Lead-up On the day when Tombstone's daughter Janice Lincoln was going to marry Robbie Robertson's son Randy Robertson, it is attended by Peter Parker, Aunt May, Martha Robertson, and the crime lords Hammerhead, Mister Negative, Crime Master, Diamondback, Madame Masque, Black Mariah, and Owl. Just then, Shotgun crashes the wedding on his motorcycle and uses special bullets to wound Tombstone. Peter Parker slips away to become Spider-Man and pursues Shotgun. He follows Shotgun through the forest until he loses him. As Tombstone is loaded into an ambulance, the crime lords blame each other for the attack. Madame Masque leaves in her limousine as Hammerhead sets off an explosive in it. As Spider-Man and Rek-Rap deal with Re-Po (who was made from Peter Parker's debt collector by Madelyne Pryor) in his mission to get Rek-Rap and the other demons back to Limbo, Hammerhead talks with his branch of the Maggia as one of them mentions about what happened to Madam Masque. Just then, they are visited by Count Nefaria who will take the blame on what happened with his daughter Madame Masque. While touching Hammerhead's head, Count Nefaria states that the crime lords will bow to the Maggia once again. As Hammerhead watches the news about Randy Robertson talking about Fisk's law, Hammerhead gets a call from his minion Jake about how they found Lady Yulan's grunts and how he speculated that Lady Yulan's grunts are either vampires or hate holy water. As Hammerhead orders Jake to take Father O'Neil home, he also tells them to lose the masks they got from the Inner Demons as they have a big day tomorrow. The next day, Hammerhead meets with","title":"Gang War (comics)"},{"docid":"8134096","text":"Francis Luke Askew (March 26, 1932 – March 29, 2012) was an American actor. He appeared in many westerns, and had a lead role in the spaghetti Western Night of the Serpent (La notte dei serpenti; 1969). He also had a small but key part in the 1969 classic movie Easy Rider. Biography Askew was born on March 26, 1932, in Macon, Georgia, to Milton Dillard Askew (1904–1976) and Dorothy Doolittle (1910–1969). Askew attended the University of Georgia, Mercer University, and Walter F. George School of Law. In his collegiate years, Askew served in the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War, serving in the intelligence division of Strategic Air Command. He started his professional career in radio and television, and as a rock and blues singer. He made his film debut in Hurry Sundown (1967), but was first noticed as an actor for his role in Cool Hand Luke (1967). The following year he worked with John Wayne in The Green Berets (with his hair cut short). The following year he worked with Dennis Hopper and Peter Fonda in Easy Rider. Askew continued to work as an actor after that, predominantly appearing in guest roles on television series. This includes work on such series as: Bonanza, The High Chaparral, Mission: Impossible, Cannon, The Rockford Files, Quincy, M.E., The Six Million Dollar Man, T. J. Hooker, L.A. Law, MacGyver, Walker, Texas Ranger, Murder She Wrote, and HBO's Big Love. He also took part in Easy Rider: Shaking the Cage (1999), a documentary about the making of Easy Rider, and the 2003 documentary Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex, Drugs and Rock 'N' Roll Generation Saved Hollywood. Askew sang Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf and Jimmy Reed songs at The Gaslight Cafe. According to Bob Dylan, when Luke sang at The Gaslight Cafe it was like a \"guy who sounded like Bobby Blue Bland\". Askew later moved to Lake Oswego, Oregon. He died at Lake Oswego on March 29, 2012, three days after his 80th birthday, due to lung cancer. Selected filmography Hurry Sundown (1967) .... Dolph Higginson The Happening (1967) .... Second Motorcycle Officer Cool Hand Luke (1967) .... Boss Paul Will Penny (1967) .... Foxy The Devil's Brigade (1968) .... Private Hubert Hixon The Green Berets (1968) .... Sergeant Provo Easy Rider (1969) .... Stranger on Highway Flareup (1969) .... Alan Moris Night of the Serpent (1969) .... Luke Angel Unchained (1970) .... Jonathan Tremaine The Culpepper Cattle Company (1972) .... Luke The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid (1972) .... Jim Younger The Magnificent Seven Ride! (1972) .... Mark Skinner Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973) .... Eno Slipstream (1973) .... Mike Mallard A Matter of Wife... and Death (1975) .... Snell Posse (1975) .... Krag Walking Tall Part 2 (1975) .... Pinky Dobson Mackintosh and T.J. (1975) .... Cal Rolling Thunder (1977) .... Automatic Slim Wanda Nevada (1979) .... Ruby Muldoon The Beast Within (1982) .... Dexter Ward The Warrior and the Sorceress (1984) .... Zeg the Tyrant","title":"Luke Askew"},{"docid":"22094992","text":"Bully Beatdown is an American reality television series created by Mark Burnett which aired on MTV. In each episode, show host Jason \"Mayhem\" Miller challenged bullies to fight against a professional mixed martial artist for a chance to win $10,000. The money they would receive depended on their performance against their opponent, with any money they didn't win going to the bully's victims. If the bully managed to submit or knock out the martial artist at any time, they won a $5000 bonus. Format Episodes in the first season featured four segments. The first segment involved Mayhem revealing a video featuring the victims describing their bullying situation and asking for help. This was followed by the host meeting with the victims in person and briefly discussing their problems. Mayhem and the victims would then confront the bully, and Mayhem would offer the bully $10,000 to fight a professional MMA fighter. In all of the episodes that aired, the bully accepted. The next segment consisted of Mayhem bringing the bully into his gym to see how the bully fights in order to help him determine whom to put in the cage against him. During this segment, Mayhem introduced the bullies to their corner man, and would usually briefly discuss the fight with them. The segment would end with the victims meeting the fighter who would be challenging their bully, and the audience would be shown clips of the bully preparing in the locker room. The third segment would begin with Mayhem standing in the ring with the victims, introducing them to the crowd. After a brief introduction, the bully would be brought out to boos from the crowd. Mayhem would then let the bullies and victims have a few last words before bringing out the fighter. Once the professional fighter had entered the cage, the audience would be shown a short segment explaining the rules. Finally, long-time professional referee \"Big\" John McCarthy would begin the first round. Round 1 was a 3-minute grappling-only round. The bully would begin the round with $5,000, and would loses $1,000 every time they were forced to tap out (with the lost money going to the victims). The final segment began with an explanation of the rules for Round 2, a 3-minute kickboxing round. The bully wins $5,000 if they can survive the entire 3 minutes, but does not get any money if they quit or get KO'd or the referee stops the fight. After the round ends, Mayhem deals out the money, and asks the bully if there is anything they want to say to their victim(s). In most episodes, the bully offered an apology. In Season 2, the format of the first half of the show was changed significantly. The show starts with Mayhem in the cage. He first presents the victims' tape, and is then joined by the victims in the cage. This is followed by a video from the bully explaining why they pick on their victims, often intercut with footage of","title":"Bully Beatdown"},{"docid":"54196981","text":"Hollywood Darlings is an American comedy series starring Beverley Mitchell, Jodie Sweetin, and Christine Lakin that premiered on April 12, 2017 on Pop. On September 18, 2017, the show was renewed for a second season after it became the network’s number 1 original series debut ever among women 18–34 according to Nielsen. The second season premiered on April 18, 2018. Premise The series is an improv comedy-series which follows three lifelong friends who grew up together in \"the business,\" became household names, and now take on even bigger roles as moms, wives, and businesswomen. They play exaggerated versions of themselves. Cast Main Beverley Mitchell as herself Jodie Sweetin as herself Christine Lakin as herself Recurring Brandon Breaul as himself, Christine's husband Soleil Moon Frye as herself Tony Rodriguez as Tony Guest stars Andrea Barber as herself (\"How Christine Got Her Groove Back\") Andrew Keegan as himself (\"How Christine Got Her Groove Back\") Wanya Morris as himself (\"Driving Miss Jodie\") Tamera Mowry as herself (\"Driving Miss Jodie\") DeAnna Pappas as herself (\"Got Milk?\") Jaleel White as himself (\"Got Milk?\") Heather Tom as herself (\"The Bev Witch Project\") Nicholle Tom as herself (\"The Bev Witch Project\") Lance Bass as himself (\"The Luke Perry Incident\") Patrick Duffy as himself (\"The Luke Perry Incident\") Staci Keanan as herself (\"The Luke Perry Incident\") Lori Beth Denberg as herself (\"She's Not All That\") Will Friedle as himself (\"Y2K\") Marla Sokoloff as herself (\"Y2K\") Matthew Lawrence as himself (\"Star Crossed Mothers\") David Lascher as himself (\"Dry Spell\") Tatyana Ali as herself (\"White Little Lies\") Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2017) Season 2 (2018) Ratings Season 1 (2017) Season 2 (2018) Trivia The show started in season 1 out as a mockumentary style comedy, with the characters giving commentary during the scenes. Season 2 is a bit more stylized. References External links Official Site 2010s American comedy television series 2017 American television series debuts 2018 American television series endings Television shows set in Los Angeles American English-language television shows Television series by All3Media Pop (American TV channel) original programming","title":"Hollywood Darlings"},{"docid":"44512264","text":"Luke Zachrich (born December 19, 1981) is a retired American mixed martial artist and professional boxer who formerly competed in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship A professional mixed martial arts competitor since 2006 until his release from the UFC in 2014, Zachrich was a member of Team Forrest on the seventh season of The Ultimate Fighter, and has also fought for King of the Cage, Bellator, Xtreme Fighting Organization, and Ultimate Victory Challenge, the latter of which he was the inaugural Middleweight Champion. In the first few years of his career, he trained with professional wrestling and mixed martial arts legend Dan Severn at The Beast Academy in Coldwater, Michigan, before relocating to Team Jorge Gurgel in Cincinnati, Ohio. He now fights out his own training facility, the Ronin Training Center, where he is also one of the head instructors. During his professional career, he held a martial arts record of 14–4, with seven of his fourteen wins coming by way of submission. Zachrich is currently ineligible for the Tapology.com Middleweight rankings due to his retirement from mixed martial arts. Background Zachrich was born on October 1, 1981, in Defiance, Ohio. During his first year, Zachrich was a varsity football player at Bowling Green University in Bowling Green, Ohio. After sustaining an injury in one of the last scheduled games of the season, he chose to discontinue his upstart career in football and find a different profession. In the last couple of years in college, Zachrich was a part-time lacrosse player and then graduated with bachelor's degree in 2005. Around the same time, he stumbled upon mixed martial arts and began training with UFC legend and Hall of Famer Dan Severn at his gym, The Beast Academy, in Coldwater, Michigan and also trained with renowned Jujitsu practitioner Dave Morris. An upstart, Zachrich trained for two years under the tutelage of Severn and Jorge Gurgel's team, before accepting a last-minute offer to compete in an amateur bout in early 2006. During an interview with MMA.TV, he was asked about how he made the transition to mixed martial arts. Mixed martial arts career In the first combat bout of his career, Zachrich faced off against fellow fighting newcomer Ben Kelley at Mega Fighting Championship's premiere event on January 14, 2006. It was a showcase of heavy stand-up striking for a majority of the bout, with Zachrich coming out on top with a first round technical knockout victory. Following more training, Zachrich would receive the opportunity to turn pro three months later. On April 15, 2006, he made a successful transition to professional mixed martial arts, as he submitted Cliff Perillo with strikes at the Ultimate Fight Series. At 1–0, Zachrich continued his slow-and-steady climb up the divisional rankings, and would collect another victory on May 6, 2006, in the form of a thirty-one second TKO of Micah Bender in the preliminary portion of FightFest 3. King of the Cage (2006–2007) On September 29, 2006, Zachrich fought Jason Zazelenchuk at","title":"Luke Zachrich"},{"docid":"45082948","text":"Marvel's Luke Cage is an American television series created by Cheo Hodari Coker for the streaming service Netflix, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the franchise's films, and was the third Marvel Netflix series leading to the crossover miniseries The Defenders. The series was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Coker serving as showrunner. Mike Colter stars as Luke Cage, a former convict with superhuman strength and unbreakable skin who now fights crime and corruption. Simone Missick, Theo Rossi, Rosario Dawson, and Alfre Woodard also star, with Mahershala Ali and Erik LaRay Harvey joining them for season one, and Mustafa Shakir and Gabrielle Dennis joining for season two. Development of the series began in late 2013. Colter was cast as Cage in December 2014, to appear in the series Jessica Jones before starring in his own series. Coker was hired as showrunner in March 2015, and focused on themes of race and black culture with a neo-blaxploitation, neo-Western tone. Filming for the series, which looked to replicate the unique culture and atmosphere of Harlem, took place in New York City. It features many musical guests as well as a \"'90s hip-hop\" score by Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad. The first season was released in its entirety on Netflix on September 30, 2016, followed by the second on June 22, 2018. They were met with positive reviews, and received numerous accolades including a Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Award. Following creative differences during the development of a third season, Netflix cancelled Luke Cage on October 19, 2018; all of the Marvel Netflix series were removed from Netflix on March 1, 2022, after Disney regained the license for them. They began streaming on Disney+ from March 16. Premise When a sabotaged experiment gives him super strength and unbreakable skin, Luke Cage becomes a fugitive attempting to rebuild his life in Harlem and must soon confront his past and fight a battle for the heart of his city. After clearing his name, Cage becomes a hero and celebrity in Harlem, only to encounter a new threat that makes him confront the line between hero and villain. Cast and characters Main Mike Colter as Luke Cage: Former convict Carl Lucas was given superhuman strength and unbreakable skin, and now fights crime under the name Luke Cage. Colter portrayed the character differently in the series than he had previously in Jessica Jones, explaining, \"You're not always the same person around everyone you know ... you might not necessarily behave the same way around your mom that you would with your wife or your boss\". The character uses his signature catch phrase \"Sweet Christmas\" from the comics in the series, but sparingly, with the character often \"opting instead for pensive silence\"; composer Adrian Younge said, \"He's a black superhero, but he's a different type of black alpha male. He's not bombastic. You rarely see a modern","title":"Luke Cage (TV series)"},{"docid":"31641732","text":"\"Good Cop Bad Dog\" is the 22nd episode of the American comedy television series Modern Family's second season and the 46th episode overall. The episode originally aired on May 11, 2011, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The episode was written by Abraham Higginbotham & Jeffrey Richman and was guest directed by former child star Fred Savage. It guest starred Lin-Manuel Miranda as Guillermo, the Grocery Store worker who tries to convince Jay to invest with him. In the episode, Jay advises a dog trainer, while Phil and Claire switch parenting duties to the kids' chagrin. Mitchell has an extra Lady Gaga ticket when Cameron ends up sick. The episode introduces the Pritchetts' new dog that will appear for the rest of the season and for a majority of the third. \"Good Cop Bad Dog\" received positive reviews from critics with many praising Ty Burrell's performance. The episode was viewed by more than 10 million viewers and received a 4.2 rating/11% share in the 18–49 demographic, marking an 8 percent rise in the ratings from the previous episode, \"Mother's Day\". The episode was also the highest-rated scripted program of the original week it aired among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. Burrell eventually received an Emmy for his performance in the episode. Plot In the Dunphy household, Alex (Ariel Winter) and Haley (Sarah Hyland) are furious at Manny (Rico Rodriguez) and Luke (Nolan Gould) for barging into their room while they were changing. This leads to their mother, Claire (Julie Bowen) to yell at them, while their dad, Phil (Ty Burrell) attempts to push himself away from Claire's anger behind her back. Annoyed, Claire confronts Phil about how he always makes her play the 'bad cop' role in their family and keeps the 'good cop' role for himself. He reluctantly agrees to switch roles with her. Claire takes Manny and Luke go-karting (although Phil had been quite keen to go), while Phil has to stay and make the girls clean their bathroom. The go-karting goes horribly as Claire, whilst trying to be fun, crashes her kart into the boys, and pushes them into ordering large quantities of food. While driving home, Luke gets sick from drinking a milkshake he hadn't even wanted. At home, Phil goes berserk when the girls lie to him about cleaning the bathroom and jumps on their car to stop them from leaving. He then forces them to clean both their bathroom and his, under his direct supervision, whilst duct-taping their laptops shut. That evening, Phil and Claire admit that they cannot handle each other's natural parent roles, and agree to go back to normal. Meanwhile, Gloria (Sofía Vergara) wants to help a grocery-store worker, Guillermo (Lin-Manuel Miranda), so she convinces Jay (Ed O'Neill) to let Guillermo pitch him a business idea: a dog-training system labeled \"The Good-doggy / Bad-doggy Training System\", which consists of two sets of dog treats, one of them being bland and the other a tastier one with bacon. The pitch","title":"Good Cop Bad Dog"},{"docid":"34937504","text":"\"Egg Drop\" is the 12th episode of the third season of the American sitcom Modern Family, and the series' 60th episode overall. It was aired on January 11, 2012. The episode was written by Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh and directed by Jason Winer. Plot Luke (Nolan Gould) and Manny (Rico Rodriguez) have a school project where they have to find a way of how to drop an egg from a certain height and it will not break. They both struggle with it and when Manny tells Jay (Ed O'Neill) that Luke is going to nail the project because he is sure Claire (Julie Bowen) will help him. Jay calls Claire to make sure that she will not help Luke because it will be unfair. Claire, who was not planning to help, becomes convinced that Jay is helping Manny, and resolves to help Luke with his project. Phil (Ty Burrell) has a seminar about real estate and he needs Haley (Sarah Hyland) and Claire's help. Claire steps out asking him to find someone else to help because she has to help Luke with his project. Phil calls Gloria (Sofía Vergara) who immediately accepts. They all go to the place where the presentation is going to happen and rehearse Phil's speech and what everyone has to do. Haley is given the job of announcing Phil and placing a prize card under a chair while Gloria is expected to ask a loaded question as part of Phil's sales pitch. After the rehearsal, Gloria and Haley ask Phil to let them go for mani-pedis since they have time before the actual presentation. As they come out of the salon, Gloria and Haley find their car has been towed. Back at the seminar, things go disastrously for Phil; he awkwardly announces himself to the stage, Haley had forgotten to put the red card under a seat and without Gloria to set him up Phil stumbles through his prepared speech. When they get back, Phil is angry with Haley and Gloria. When he seems to back off when Gloria takes the full blame, Gloria gets mad herself at Phil always thinking more highly of her than she deserves, telling him this is not how families act. Phil tells Gloria how much she disappointed and embarrassed him, allowing the two to work through their issues. Meanwhile, Cam (Eric Stonestreet) and Mitch (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) welcome at their home a potential birth mother named Lindsay (Zoe Jarman). Lindsay seems impressed with the two of them, especially when she discovers that Cam is a musician. She asks them to sing something for her and the baby and when they do Lindsay makes a comment about Mitch being a better singer than Cam, as well as agreeing to let Mitch and Cam become the fathers of her baby. Offended by the singing comment, Cam later tries to prove that he is a good singer by singing \"If You Leave Me Now\". After the song ends, however, Lindsay changes her","title":"Egg Drop"},{"docid":"28583748","text":"Sean Ringgold, (born November 3, 1977) is an American actor and former bodyguard. He is best known for his role as Shaun Evans on the ABC daytime drama One Life to Live, Junior on The Family Business and portraying Suge Knight in the Notorious B.I.G. biopic Notorious. He also had a cameo in American Gangster and the Smurfs movie. Previously, he has had parts in multiple hit television series such as CW television drama Gossip Girl and Ugly Betty. Ringgold also had featured roles in Orange is the New Black, Billions, the Netflix series, Luke Cage, as the gangster Sugar, and as Correctional Officer Huey Cornell on the ABC drama For Life. Early life Sean Ringgold was raised in Rockaway Beach, Queens, New York. For many years he was known as a New York State Arm Wrestling Champion. His fans may remember him as the, \"Rockaway Flash.\" When he wasn't working in the arm wrestling sector, Ringgold worked as a Protection Specialist for BET's 106 and Park. In 2009 after working with many A List celebrities, Ringgold decided to retire from the Body Guard industry and start his acting career. After being cast for the role of Shaun Evans, Ringgold got his break into acting on ABC's One Life To Live. Since then, he has had acting roles in numerous hit TV shows and Series including Netflix's Luke Cage, Billions, Orange Is the New Black, Shades of Blue, Gotham, Gossip Girl , multiple episodes of Law & Order and in multiple episodes of Lady in the Lake (TV series). Ringgold has also been featured in commercials for Budweiser, Burger King, Dr. Scholl's, Dunkin Donuts, Delta Airlines, Kia, Fiat 500 by Gucci, Pfizer Nexium, Nike, Time Warner Cable and Spike TV. Philanthropy Sitting on the Board of Directors, Ringgold works with the nonprofit organization Heartshare St. Vincent's, which provides training, employment, case management, individual and family support, as well as health care services, for children and adults with intellectual and developmental disorders. Ringgold has also lent his time and voice to support and speak on behalf of several other causes, including The Men's Health Summit for The Whittier Street Health Center, Get Reel with Your Dreams, The Island of Grenada, and Susan G. Komen for the Cure. References External links Sean Ringgold Official Website 1977 births African-American male actors American male film actors Male actors from Queens, New York American male soap opera actors American male television actors Living people 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people","title":"Sean Ringgold"},{"docid":"59859526","text":"This is a list of supporting characters of Luke Cage and Iron Fist, appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Allies El Aguila – Mutant swashbuckler and costumed crime fighter. Noah Burstein – The scientist who gives Luke Cage his powers. Reva Connors - Reva Connors was friends with, and eventually started dating, Carl Lucas the man who would eventually become Luke Cage. Cage's former friend, Willis Stryker, was jealous of their romance and framed Cage with stolen drugs. When the Maggia came after Stryker, they inadvertently killed Connors. David \"D.W.\" Griffith – A theater owner and friend of Luke Cage. Jeryn Hogarth – Attorney and friend of Iron Fist's father. Jessica Jones – Wife and partner of Luke Cage Misty Knight – Frequent partner of Luke Cage and Iron Fist. Lei Kung – Taught martial arts to Iron Fist. Joy Meachum – Blamed Iron Fist for the death of her father, and later became an ally of his. Claire Temple – Doctor and friend of Luke Cage. Colleen Wing – Frequent partner of Luke Cage and Iron Fist. Yu-Ti – Immortal lord of K'un-L'un. Family Esther Lucas - Esther Lucas is the wife of James Lucas and the mother of James Lucas Jr. and Carl, the latter of whom would grow up to become Luke Cage. Despite loving Carl, she and her husband were also disappointed in his continuous run ins with the law and were embarrassed about having to bail him out. Esther was killed by one of Carl's gang members causing James and James Jr. to blame him. James Lucas - The father of Luke Cage. Heather Rand - Heather Duncan was a young wealthy socialite who met and fell in love with the mysterious Wendell Rand. The two married and Heather gave birth to Danny who would grow up to become Iron Fist. Wendell convinced Heather to bring Danny on their trip to the Himalayas. While there Wendell's business partner, Harold Meachum, kills Wendell claiming that he did it out of his love for Heather. Heather was sickened by his actions and was left for dead with Danny. While the two continued to venture towards K'un-L'un, they were attacked by a wolf pack with one of the wolves later becoming Ferocia. With nothing left to lose, Heather threw herself at the pack to save Danny giving up her life in the process. Heather found herself in Feng-Tu, the K'un-L'un afterlife. Startled by the realization that her husband was not from Earth, Heather fled until she found herself confronted by Dhasha Khan who transformed her into the Silver Dragon and was forced to fight her now grown up son. When Danny realized he was fighting his mother, Heather resisted and was incinerated by Khan. Later, Danny was able to free her mother's soul from Khan and she returned to Feng-Tu Later when Danny was on death's door, he is reunited with his parents who inform him that his time is not up and that they","title":"List of Luke Cage and Iron Fist supporting characters"},{"docid":"7109072","text":"\"Every Man for Himself\" is the fourth episode of the third season of the American drama television series Lost, and the 53rd episode overall. It was directed by Stephen Williams and written by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz. It first aired on ABC in the United States on October 25, 2006. The character of Sawyer (Josh Holloway) is featured in the episode's flashbacks; on the island, his rebellious attitude causes Ben Linus (Michael Emerson) and the Others to conjure a plan to keep him in check. \"Every Man for Himself\" was intended to show how Ben was a character that could manipulate even the best confidence man on the island, and if Sawyer could care for another person, as Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) is making her attempts to escape captivity. When the episode first aired, it was watched by 17.09 million American viewers. Reviews were polarized; some critics praised the writing and the cliffhanger ending, while others deemed the episode repetitive and the \"outright stinker\" of season 3's early episodes. Plot Flashbacks Sawyer is in prison, trying to befriend Munson (Ian Gomez), a man who has hidden ten million dollars. He warns Munson that the warden (Bill Duke) is trying to con him out of his money. Eventually, Munson, worried that his wife will find where he has hidden the money, enlists Sawyer's help in moving the stash. Sawyer then reveals this information to the warden in exchange for a reduced sentence and a part of the money, which he puts in a bank account for Clementine Phillips, a baby that previous con victim Cassidy Phillips (Kim Dickens) has told him is his daughter. The warden sarcastically congratulates Sawyer on lying and cheating his way out of prison. At Hydra Island As Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) and Sawyer watch, the Others carry a critically injured Colleen (Paula Malcomson), who was shot by Sun-Hwa Kwon (Yunjin Kim) the night before. Sawyer realizes that the injury was inflicted by someone back at camp, and then devises a plan to break out from the cage; he intends to electrocute an off-guard Danny Pickett (Michael Bowen) using a puddle he created outside his cage. However, Ben Linus (Michael Emerson) overhears him via surveillance and switches off the electricity prior to visiting him. When Sawyer attempts to carry out his plan, Ben knocks him unconscious and has him carried into the Hydra station. Sawyer wakes up to find himself strapped to a table, where Ben, Tom (M. C. Gainey) and two other Others watch over him. Sawyer is gagged before having a large hypodermic needle inserted into his chest. When Sawyer awakens, Ben and Tom come in, Tom carrying a rabbit in a cage; he shakes the cage vigorously, causing the rabbit to suddenly collapse, presumably dead. Ben informs Sawyer that they fitted him, like the rabbit, with a modified pacemaker; should his heart rate reach 140, his heart would explode. Ben threatens to implant one in Kate if Sawyer should tell her of his","title":"Every Man for Himself (Lost)"},{"docid":"20365813","text":"Mike Benson is an American comic book and television writer and showrunner. Career Benson worked as a writer and co-executive producer on The Bernie Mac Show and Entourage with his writing and producing partner Marc Abrams. In 2006, Benson and Abrams founded their own production company Catapult 360, which signed a two-year deal with Universal Media Studios to develop and produce drama, comedy and reality programming. In 2009, the company was reported to produce Scar Tissue with Anthony Kiedis for HBO, based on the book of the same name. Benson has also written for comics, where his credits include short stories about Punisher, Wolverine and Shang-Chi, a year-long run on Moon Knight, and a Luke Cage mini-series for the Marvel Noir line. Filmography Local Heroes (1996) The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer (1998) Big Wolf on Campus (2000) The Bernie Mac Show (2001–2006) Entourage: \"One Day in the Valley\" (2006) \"Strange Days\" (2006) \"Manic Monday\" (2007) Bibliography Marvel Comics The Punisher vol. 7 Annual #1: \"The Hunted\" (with Laurence Campbell, Marvel MAX, 2007) collected in Punisher MAX: The Complete Collection Volume 5 (tpb, 504 pages, 2017, ) Moon Knight vol. 2 (with issues #14–19 scripted by Benson from plots by Charlie Huston; art by Javier Saltares, Mark Texeira, Mike Deodato Jr. (#20) and Jefte Palo (#26–30), 2008–2009) collected as: God and Country (collects #14–20, hc, 184 pages, 2008, ; tpb, 2008, ) The Death of Marc Spector (collects #21–25, hc, 152 pages, 2009, ; tpb, 2009, ) Down South (collects #26–30, hc, 120 pages, 2009, ; tpb, 2009, ) Moon Knight by Huston, Benson and Hurwitz Omnibus (includes #14–30, hc, 1,184 pages, 2022, ) Wolverine: Chop Shop (with Roland Boschi, one-shot, 2009) collected in Wolverine: Flies to a Spider (tpb, 112 pages, 2009, ) Deadpool: Deadpool: Suicide Kings (hc, 152 pages, 2009, ; tpb, 2009, ) collects: Deadpool: Games of Death (with Shawn Crystal, one-shot, 2009) Deadpool: Suicide Kings #1–5 (with Carlo Barberi; issues #3–5 are co-written by Benson and Adam Glass, 2009) Deadpool vol. 2 #900: \"Shrunken Master\" (with Damion Scott, co-feature, 2009) collected in Deadpool: Dead Head Redemption (tpb, 240 pages, 2011, ) Deadpool Team-Up #898: \"Bring Me the Head of Mickey Dobbs\" (with Carlo Barberi, 2009) collected in Deadpool Team-Up: Good Buddies (hc, 176 pages, 2010, ; tpb, 2010, ) Deadpool Pulp #1–4 (co-written by Benson and Adam Glass, art by Laurence Campbell, 2010–2011) collected as Deadpool Pulp (hc, 112 pages, 2011, ; tpb, 2011, ) Luke Cage: Luke Cage Noir #1–4 (co-written by Benson and Adam Glass, art by Shawn Martinbrough, 2009–2010) collected as Luke Cage Noir (hc, 112 pages, 2010, ; tpb, 2010, ) Avengers Origins: Luke Cage (co-written by Benson and Adam Glass, art by Dalibor Talajić, one-shot, 2012) collected in Avengers: Mythos (hc, 208 pages, 2012, ; tpb, 2013, ) Shang-Chi: Shang-Chi, Master of Kung Fu: Black and White: \"Once Upon a Time in Wan Chai\" (with Tomm Coker and C. P. Smith, anthology one-shot, 2009) Deadly Hands of Kung Fu vol. 2","title":"Mike Benson (screenwriter)"},{"docid":"52153124","text":"David \"D.W.\" Griffith is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is depicted as an ally of Luke Cage. The character was portrayed by Jeremiah Richard Craft in the television series Luke Cage set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Publication history The character, created by Archie Goodwin and George Tuska, first appeared in Hero for Hire #2 (Aug. 1972). Fictional character biography He operated the Gem Theater and rented out a room for Luke Cage when he needed a place to stay. Despite the theater being a constant source of destruction, Griffith remained a faithful friend to Cage mostly because he considered him his only friend. Griffith was also a film student and wanted to produce his own production company. When it seemed that he was going nowhere, Griffith attempted to commit suicide, but a mysterious stranger, implied to be Moon Knight, convinced him not to do himself in and be happy. His theater was used a base for the Mighty Avengers. In other media Dave Griffith makes a recurring appearance on Luke Cage played by Jeremiah Richard Craft. He is black, as opposed to Caucasian like in the comics, and is usually seen on the streets attempting to sell bootleg recordings of \"The Incident\". Cage approached him on the street and asked that he use his eyes to inform him about the goings on. Despite some reluctance, Dave gave in, acting as an informant. He appears in the episode \"You Know My Steez\", filming the street fight between Cage and Willis Stryker. He returns in season 2 where he has set up a Luke Cage merchandise store within Pop's Barber Shop, much to Cage and Bobby Fish's chagrin. He follows Cage around by using the Harlem's Hero app and films his many exploits. Following Cage's defeat at the hands of Bushmaster, Griffith begins selling tapes of the fight, despite still admitting support for Cage. Griffith is also present when Danny Rand arrives to visit Cage and he even gets to see him briefly use his powers. While at a party, Griffith and his girlfriend Aisha Axton witness two friends of theirs reacting violently to a drug labeled 'Bushmaster' and inform Cage. When Cage makes a bid to act as the \"sheriff\" of Harlem, Griffith voices his concern. He ultimately decides to use the money he earned from his Luke Cage gift shop to buy Pop's Barber Shop stating that Harlem needs a Switzerland. He is last seen putting a \"Help Wanted\" sign up on the window. References External links David Griffith at the Comic Book DB Characters created by Archie Goodwin (comics) Characters created by George Tuska Comics characters introduced in 1972 Luke Cage","title":"David Griffith (comics)"},{"docid":"51959374","text":"Benjamin \"Big Ben\" Donovan is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Depending on his appearance in the comics, he can be depicted as either a lawyer or a criminal who has appeared in the comics that starred Daredevil and Luke Cage. Donovan was portrayed by Danny Johnson in the Marvel Television series Daredevil and Luke Cage, set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Publication history Big Ben Donovan first appeared in Luke Cage, Hero for Hire #14 and was created by Steve Engelhart and Billy Graham. Fictional character biography Big Ben Donovan is a large man and a lawyer that is close to in height. Mrs. Jenks hired him to settle the last of Mr. Jenks' affairs. When Mrs. Jenks would be giving Big Ben Donovan the payoff, he drunkly went after Mrs. Jenks who ran to the office of Luke Cage. This led to a fight between Luke Cage and Big Ben Donovan which ended with Big Ben Donovan surrendering upon the misunderstanding being cleared up. Big Ben Donovan agreed to help Luke Cage out in any way. Big Ben Donovan later witnessed Mrs. Jenks' confession of killing a reporter named Phil Fox (who was actually killed by Billy Bob Rackham). He then informed Luke Cage about Mrs. Jenks' confession before she died. Big Ben Donovan acted as Claire Temple's lawyer in order to clear her of the murder charge. He then continued working as Luke Cage's lawyer until he started working with Jeryn Hogarth. Big Ben Donovan had a brother named Paul who just became the leader of the Thunderbolts Gang where they made the mistake of fighting the Maggia for control of their turf. After his brother was killed in prison by operatives of the Maggia, Big Ben Donovan's sanity broke where he vowed vengeance on those responsible starting with Assistant District Attorney William Carver's brother Lonnie. During the struggle with William Carver, a sniper tried to shoot them at Lonnie Carver's funeral only to end up orchestrating the event that turned Bill Carver into Thunderbolt. Then Big Ben Donovan hijacked a Maggia shipment that was under the supervision of Caesar Cicero. When Big Ben Donovan turned to Luke Cage for help, they defeated Caesar Cicero's men before being defeated by Man Mountain Marko who brought them to Caesar Cicero. Before Caesar Cicero's men could bury Luke Cage alive, Iron Fist and Thunderbolt arrived to help Luke Cage and Big Ben Donovan. Upon Thunderbolt realizing that Big Ben Donovan had Lonnie Carver killed, Thunderbolt removed his mask and advanced towards Big Ben Donovan as Luke Cage emerged from the ground to intervene. Before Thunderbolt died of his powers' side effects that aged him to an old man, he was happy that he now knows who killed his brother. Big Ben Donovan later came under the employ of Tombstone at the time when Tombstone was working for the Serbian Black Maria Gang. When the \"Marvel Knights\" investigated the criminal activity, Tombstone sent","title":"Big Ben Donovan"},{"docid":"1614892","text":"Three characters have taken the moniker of the supervillain Chemistro appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Publication history The Curtis Carr version of Chemistro first appeared in Luke Cage, Hero for Hire #12 and was created by writer Steve Englehart and artist George Tuska. The Archibald Morton version of Chemistro first appeared in Power Man #37 and was created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist Ron Wilson. The Calvin Carr version of Chemistro first appeared in Power Man and Iron Fist #93 and was created by writer Kurt Busiek and artist Ernie Chan. Fictional character biography Curtis Carr Curtis Carr was born in Kansas City, Kansas. While working as a chemist and research scientist for Mainstream Motors, he created an \"alchemy gun\" capable of transmuting matter from one form to another by an unknown process. Company president Horace Claymore was impressed until Curtis voiced his intent to keep the device. Claymore argued that since the gun was made on company time, it belonged to Mainstream. When Claymore fired him, Curtis adopted the persona of Chemistro to gain revenge and to extort his former employers. In combat with Luke Cage, Chemistro accidentally fired his alchemy gun at his right foot, turning it to steel and eventually disintegrating it due to the unstable nature of the transmutation. Carr was turned over to the police, and in prison was beaten by his cellmate Arch Morton into revealing how the alchemy gun worked. Morton took on the Chemistro persona, and Carr invented a \"nullifier\" device which enabled Cage to defeat Morton. Curtis's alchemy gun was later stolen by his younger brother Calvin, who became the third Chemistro. Curtis aided Cage and Iron Fist in defeating Calvin. Later, Curtis came to work at a division of Stark Enterprises as a research scientist and Director of Research and Development at Stark Prosthetics in Denver, Colorado, creating a prosthesis to replace his missing foot. Stark Prosthetics ended up attacked by the Wrecker during the \"Acts of Vengeance\" storyline when the Kingpin sent him to attack Iron Man. Curtis aided Iron Man and Jim Rhodes against the Wrecker and Calvin, although Calvin destroyed Curtis' left foot, forcing him to build another prostheses. Archibald Morton Archibald \"Arch\" Morton was born in Sheridan, Wyoming, and became a professional criminal and was sent to prison. He forced Curtis Carr to reveal the secret of his alchemy gun while they were cellmates. Upon leaving prison, Morton attempted to replicate the alchemy gun, but it exploded in his hand, granting him superhuman powers and enabling him to transmute substances via touch. He battled Luke Cage on behalf of the Baron. Morton was ultimately apprehended, thanks in large part to the help of the original Chemistro. Calvin Carr Curtis' younger brother Calvin Carr stole the alchemy gun and took the Chemistro name. He embarked on a criminal career and battled Luke Cage and Iron Fist. Curtis intervened, and helped the heroes foil his brother's plans. Calvin's alchemy gun was turned into","title":"Chemistro"},{"docid":"1826591","text":"Our Little Corner of the World: Music from Gilmore Girls is a 2002 soundtrack release from Rhino Records for The WB's Gilmore Girls. The album is a combination of selections from the score composed by Sam Phillips and the music of other musicians heard, mostly, during the first two seasons of the show. Also included on the album is the new version of \"Where You Lead\" by Carole King and her daughter Louise Goffin, a snippet of which serves as the theme song for the show. The album was originally scheduled for release on September 24, 2002 to coincide with the premiere of the third season however it was delayed for one week, until October 1, 2002. In her review of the album, Heather Phares of Allmusic said, \"Our Little Corner of the World is almost too good to be true, and one of the best television soundtracks released in recent memory.\" Noel Holston of the Long Island, New York newspaper Newsday found that for the selection of rock-pop songs, \"It's not appreciably better than the new Scrubs CD or the 1999 companion to Felicity\" however with the interspersed compositions from Sam Philips, \"It knits together like a bright teen's daydream.\" Mary Jacobi of The Village Voice noted that, \"Many tunes recall Rory's early romance with the reliable Dean and the confusion inspired by his bad-boy rival, Jess.\" Jacobi concluded by noting that, \"The Palladinos remember the first kiss, and they know how important it is to get the music right this time.\" Track listing \"Waltz #1 (Cue)\" – Sam Phillips (0:14) \"What a Wonderful World\" – Joey Ramone (2:21) Season 2, Episode 15, \"Lost and Found\"; plays when Luke knocks a hole in his apartment wall for Jess to have his own room. \"Child Psychology\" – Black Box Recorder (4:05) Season 1, Episode 19, \"Emily in Wonderland\"; the song Lane brings over that Rory likes because it makes her feel gloomy. \"Know Your Onion!\" – The Shins (2:27) Season 2, Episode 7, \"Like Mother, Like Daughter\"; the song Rory was listening to at lunch during the start of the episode when the Chilton guidance counselor interrupts her. \"I Found Love\" – The Free Design (2:40) Season 2, Episode 1, \"Sadie, Sadie\"; plays as the start as the Gilmore Girls walk around Stars Hollow where everybody has one of Lorelai's thousand daisies. \"Car Song\" – Elastica (2:25) Season 2, Episode 19, \"Teach Me Tonight\"; plays right before the Jess and Rory get into the car accident. \"Oh My Love\" – John Lennon (2:41) Season 1, Episode 16, \"Star-Crossed Lovers and Other Strangers\"; the song is playing when Dean tells Rory \"I love you\" and she says nothing. \"Getting Married (Cue)\" – Sam Phillips (0:29) \"Where You Lead I Will Follow\" – Carole King & daughter Louise Goffin (3:26) The theme song for the series. \"Clear Spot\" – the Pernice Brothers (2:20) At the time of the album release, had not yet been played on the show, but the group did","title":"Our Little Corner of the World: Music from Gilmore Girls"},{"docid":"29589647","text":"Unbearable is the fifth in a series of collections of short stories by Australian author Paul Jennings. It was first released in 1990. Half of season 2 of Round The Twist were adaptions of the short stories in this book. The stories Licked A boy who has bad table manners is often criticised by his father during meals. But when a visitor comes for tea, the father has made a promise not to talk about his son's faults, despite the fact that his son tries to make him crack and performs them in the worst ways possible. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist, was one of two adaptions to be combined into one episode. Little Black Balls A girl tells her mother the story of how she helped one of her friends, who is called the \"paper-man\" and likes watching the clouds and has many animals for friends, with an operation, and how she lost one of his jewels to a goat. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist, was one of two adaptions to be combined into one episode. Only Gilt A boy goes to school wearing a bird cage on his head. He explains to his teacher that it is a self-imposed punishment because he blames himself for the murder of his girlfriend's budgerigar, only to find out that the budgerigar had already died before the boy's dog played around with it. The only short story from this book not to be adapted into an episode of Round the Twist. Next Time Around A boy gains the ability to hypnotise chickens. He later tries it on his best friend, then takes it to the next level by making his best friend remember his past life, but with disastrous consequences. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist. Nails A boy gets stranded on an island with his father. But he has three other problems: one, he has never seen his mother; two, he is forced to watch his father die; and three, he has nails growing all over him. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist. Yuggles A boy enters a mushroom-picking competition to win a large Easter egg for his sick little sister. But all his mushrooms except one get stolen, and that one mushroom has the ability to change shape and scare off mean people. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist. Grandad's Gifts A boy finds a dead fox in a cupboard in his bedroom. But when he gets a call to pick lemons from his lemon tree and give them to the fox, it seems to come back to life. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist, and also re-published as a picture book with added illustrations. Smelly Feat A boy who has no sense of smell decides to wear his socks for three straight months, believing that doing so will cause nearby people to fall","title":"Unbearable (short story collection)"},{"docid":"53661921","text":"Instant Hotel is an Australian reality television series which began airing on the Seven Network on 7 November 2017. The series follows homeowners who have transformed their homes into hotels and are individually judged by each other to receive the highest scores with the winner to win an ultimate prize. The series is produced by the creators of Seven reality shows My Kitchen Rules and House Rules and the first season was hosted by Luke Jacobz. In November 2017, the series was renewed for a second season which aired in 2019. In December 2018, Seven announced Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen would replace Luke Jacobz as host in 2019. The second season aired on 11 February 2019. Netflix distributed the show internationally between 2018 and 2023. Format changes The first season contained two groups of five with the highest from each group going head to head in the grand final. The second season contained only four pairs of contestants with the highest two teams going head to head in the grand final. The prize for the first season was an all-expense-paid stay at a Californian Instant Hotel. The prize for the second season was $100,000. Series details Season 1 Teams Season One Details Instant Hotel Rounds Over two rounds, each team scored each other out of ten based on the house, location/nearby attractions, value for money, and quality of a good night's sleep. Series judge, Juliet Ashworth, also scored each team out of ten based on the quality of the house. In a twist, the hotel owners also scored the contestants overall on their stay as houseguests, which also went towards their final scores. The team that scored the highest at the end of each round went to the Grand Final. Round 1 Episodes 1 to 5 Air date — 7 to 14 November Description — The first of the two instant hotel groups are introduced into the competition in Round 1. The highest scoring team at the end of this round will go through to Grand Final. Round 2 Episodes 6 to 10 Air date — 15 to 27 November Description — The second of the two instant hotel groups are introduced into the competition in Round 2. The highest scoring team at the end of this round will go through to Grand Final. Grand Final Episodes 11 & 12 Air date — 28 to 29 November Description — Four eliminated contestants (two from each round) and the opposite grand finalist each stay at the house of one of the grand finalist. Each grand finalist made changes to their homes based on the comments from contestants in their round. The teams voted as a group on each criterion, being the value for money (VFM), location (L), night's sleep (NS), and the house (H). Juliet however did not score of night's sleep, instead scoring on how well they changed their home (CTH). The team that scored the highest were announced as the winners and received an all-expense-paid stay at an instant hotel in","title":"Instant Hotel"},{"docid":"52269720","text":"\"We Are Number One\" is a song from the English-language Icelandic children's television series LazyTown, composed by Máni Svavarsson. The song was featured in the twelfth episode of the show's fourth season, entitled \"Robbie's Dream Team\", which is the 76th episode overall. While the song was released in 2014, the song gained significant online popularity in late 2016 and became common among internet memes and comical remixes, especially in support of the lead singer, Stefán Karl Stefánsson (Robbie Rotten), who had been diagnosed with bile duct cancer and died on 21 August 2018. Music video The music video is composed of clips from the LazyTown episode \"Robbie's Dream Team\". Robbie Rotten, the primary antagonist of LazyTown, attempts to teach his \"dream team\" of villainous accomplices (three fictional doppelgänger actors for children's parties, named Bobbie, Tobbie, and Flobbie Rotten) how to successfully catch a superhero, specifically Sportacus. Robbie demonstrates different methods to his team: an overhead cage attached to a tree, a trapping pit, a large butterfly net, a false apple containing enough sugar to render the sugar-averse Sportacus unconscious, a somewhat small fishing net, and banana peels intended to cause Sportacus to slip while running. Almost all methods backfire, resulting in either Robbie or his team falling into the traps. The sugar apple is an effective trick, successfully fainting Sportacus and giving Robbie and his team a chance to put him in a portable cage. Robbie's three teammates relocate the trapped Sportacus to Robbie's underground headquarters while Robbie stays on the surface to set up a cannon, revealed in the full episode to be the way Robbie intends to run Sportacus out of town. His plans are thwarted when Stephanie and Stingy open the base's periscope and use its cylindrical interior to transport a real apple to Sportacus. The apple rolls towards the cage undetected by the now-sleeping Bobbie, Tobbie, and Flobbie. Sportacus regains consciousness, eats the apple, and regains his power lost to the sugar apple. He then uses his reclaimed strength to break free from the cage and coax his three captors to play sports with him on the surface of LazyTown. Robbie watches as his previous companions play sports with Sportacus. Outraged, he walks towards them and kicks a bucket, which hits and triggers Robbie's cannon, blasting him away from the scene on the cannonball. The video ends with Bobbie, Tobbie, and Flobbie accidentally falling into the trapping pit constructed to capture Sportacus, reinforcing for a final time the clumsiness of the team. The music video was officially uploaded on Lazy Town YouTube channel on 25 July 2015, and has gained more than 153 million views as of January 2024. History The song originally had the working title called \"Villain Number One\" before it was changed to \"We Are Number One\". During production there were many lyrics that were cut from the final version. These lyrics first surfaced to the public when it was revealed by Máni during the live stream that Stefán held on Facebook on","title":"We Are Number One"},{"docid":"43954597","text":"Too Bright is the third album by American singer Perfume Genius, released on September 23, 2014. The album reached number 77 on the UK Albums chart and peaked at number 83 in the United States. Critical reception Too Bright has received critical acclaim. Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, gave the album an average score of 87, which indicates \"universal acclaim\". Brandon Stosuy of Pitchfork gave the album a very positive review, stating, \"A huge part of what makes the work so strong is the generous human spirit that bleeds into it, and Too Bright is the best example to date of the lengths he goes to confront his fears and demons. These songs feel less like songs and more like treasures, ones that fill you with power and wisdom, and as a result, Too Bright seems capable of resonating with, comforting, and moving anyone who's ever felt alienated, discriminated against, or \"other-ized,\" regardless of sexual orientation.\" The album was given a score of 8.5 and was titled Best New Music. Artwork The album artwork was shot by Luke Gilford and it showcases an androgynous Perfume Genius. It would encompass a bold and proud theme throughout Too Bright. Conception and development In an interview for Refinery29, Perfume Genius said, \"I don’t know, for a long time I had been kind of constantly seeking reassurance and acceptance all over the place, and wanting to be taken seriously but waiting for someone else to do it for me, do you know what I mean?.” He explains that this was a more serious approach to making this album. Too Bright further explores topics on sexuality, empowerment, and queer identity. Track listing Personnel Main personnel Mike Hadreas – vocals, piano (1, 4, 6, 10), synth (3, 7, 9, 10), keyboards (2, 8), gong (5), handclaps (8), wurlitzer (11), composer, additional recording Adrian Utley – synth (2, 3, 5, 7, 8), bass guitar (2, 3, 5, 11), guitar (1, 11), winebox (5), fuzz bass (7), handclaps (8), engineer, mixing, producer Alan Wyffels – synth (3, 4, 8, 10), keyboards (2, 5), piano (6) Jim Barr – double bass (3, 4, 6) Herve Becart – drums (3, 5, 8) Ross Hughes – bass clarinet (3, 4, 10), saxophone (7) John Parish – drums (2, 7, 8, 11), shaker (5) Additional personnel Greg Calbi – mastering Ali Chant – engineer, mixing, producer, handclaps (8) Alison Fielding – design Luke Gilford – photography Charts Pop culture \"Too Bright\" was featured on the ABC legal drama How to Get Away with Murder's second season finale. \"Queen\" was featured in the season one episode \"eps1.3_da3m0ns.mp4\" and season four episode \"Hello, Elliot\" of the USA Network television series Mr. Robot. \"Queen\" was featured on the Hulu television series The Great in the season two episode titled \"Heads It's Me\". \"Queen\" was also featured as the closing song for HBO series \"Vice Principals\" Season 2 episode \"Think Change\". References 2014 albums Perfume Genius albums Matador","title":"Too Bright"},{"docid":"52011683","text":"The second season of the American science fiction western television series Westworld (subtitled The Door) premiered on HBO on April 22, 2018, and concluded on June 24, 2018, consisting of ten episodes. The television series was created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy, and it is based on the 1973 film of the same name, written and directed by Michael Crichton. The second season stars an ensemble cast led by Evan Rachel Wood, Thandiwe Newton, Jeffrey Wright, James Marsden, Tessa Thompson, and Ed Harris. The second season has received positive reviews from critics, with particular praise for the performances. However, it received criticism for its plot, which was said to be confusing. Plot summary After killing Dr. Ford at the end of season one, Dolores converts and leads the other hosts in killing many of the other guests in the few weeks that follow. She seeks to find a way to get out of the park to continue her revenge, and knows she must recover her father Peter's \"pearl\" to do so and unlock Westworld's true secrets with it. Charlotte Hale, who was attempting to smuggle Westworld data through Peter, also seeks the host as she cannot call for extraction without that data. Bernard still struggles with the fact he is a host, and comes to learn that Dr. Ford still has significant influence on him and the park. Maeve is aided by Lee and Hector to find her daughter, while learning there are many other parks to Westworld. The Man in Black is forced to come to terms with why he has spent so much time in the park when he encounters his daughter Emily Grace. Cast and characters Main Evan Rachel Wood as Dolores Abernathy Thandiwe Newton as Maeve Millay Jeffrey Wright as Bernard Lowe / Arnold Weber James Marsden as Theodore \"Teddy\" Flood Tessa Thompson as Charlotte Hale Fares Fares as Antoine Costa Luke Hemsworth as Ashley Stubbs Louis Herthum as Peter Abernathy Simon Quarterman as Lee Sizemore Talulah Riley as Angela Rodrigo Santoro as Hector Escaton Gustaf Skarsgård as Karl Strand Ed Harris as William the Man in Black Ingrid Bolsø Berdal as Armistice Clifton Collins Jr. as Lawrence Gonzales Angela Sarafyan as Clementine Pennyfeather Katja Herbers as Emily Grace Shannon Woodward as Elsie Hughes Anthony Hopkins as Robert Ford Zahn McClarnon as Akecheta Recurring Betty Gabriel as Maling Jasmyn Rae as Maeve's Daughter Jimmi Simpson as young William Ben Barnes as Logan Delos / The Forge Peter Mullan as James Delos Jonathan Tucker as Major Craddock Izabella Alvarez as Lawrence's Daughter / Robert Ford Patrick Cage as Phil Leonardo Nam as Felix Lutz Ptolemy Slocum as Sylvester Martin Sensmeier as Wanahton Tao Okamoto as Hanaryo Rebecca Henderson as Goldberg Aaron Fili as Roland Guest Steven Ogg as Rebus Christopher May as Blaine Bellamy David Midthunder as Takoda Oliver Bell as Little Boy / Robert Ford Giancarlo Esposito as New El Lazo / Robert Ford Paul Riley Fox as young Robert Ford Neil Jackson as Nicholas","title":"Westworld season 2"},{"docid":"68862021","text":"Hard Times 2 was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event promoted by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). It took place on December 4, 2021, in Atlanta, Georgia, at the GPB Studios. It is the second event in the Hard Times chronology. Production Storylines The event featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. The sixth season of the NWA's weekly flagship program, Power, featured storylines leading up to the event. For weeks, Melina has been lobbying to get a match for the NWA World Women's Championship against Kamille. After many denials and sneak attacks, Melina won a three-way match on the October 26 EmPowerrr edition of Power, defeating Chelsea Green and Kylie Rae to earn her title match with Kamille at Hard Times. After Austin Idol cost him an NWA World Television Championship #1 contender's match, Cyon, the NWA's masked mystery man, continued to demand a title match against Idol's main charge Tyrus. On October 27, it was officially announced that Tyrus will defend the television title against Cyon, using his title shot he earned by being on the winning team of the Champions Series, at Hard Times. On November 19, when NWA President Billy Corgan was running down the card for Hard Times, he revealed Tyrus request the match have no time limit and no disqualifications. To help balance this out, Corgan instilled The Pope - who Tyrus defeated to win the championship - as special guest referee. Since the September 7 episode of Power, an NWA World Tag Team Championship Eliminator tournament has been taking place, with the winners getting a shot against champions La Rebelión (Bestia 666 and Mecha Wolf 450) at Hard Times. The finals will take place on the November 16 episode of PowerrrSurge, where The End (Odinson and Parrow) defeated Hawx Aerie (Luke Hawx and PJ Hawx) to advance to Hard Times. After By Any Means Necessary, NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion Trevor Murdoch was having a fan photo shoot inside a steel cage. However, the session was soon interrupted when Mike Knox appeared and attacked Murdoch, locking him and himself in the cage before battering Murdoch with a steel chair. He later would hold up the title over a crowd of wrestlers and Billy Corgan, making his title intentions clear. On November 11, Knox sent in a video, not seeing Murdoch as a true champion and that he's not half the man that his mentor Harley Race ever was. He eventually announced that he would make an appearance at Hard Times. Two days later, Murdoch sent a response to Knox, and demanded Billy Corgan and the NWA Board of Directors make a title match between him and Knox at Hard Times. The match would finally be set by the NWA on November 15 for the main event of Hard Times. At NWA 73, Judais","title":"NWA Hard Times 2"},{"docid":"51061352","text":"\"O Brother Where Art Thou?\" is the 9th episode and midseason finale of the paranormal drama television series Supernaturals season 11, and the 227th overall. The episode was written by Eugenie Ross-Leming & Brad Buckner and directed by Robert Singer. It was first broadcast on December 9, 2015, on The CW. In the episode, Sam decides to go with Crowley to Hell to face Lucifer in the Cage for answers about the Darkness while Dean meets with Amara, who is unleashing her power upon the world. The episode received positive reviews with critics praising the shocking ending but some noted God's absence. Plot Amara (Emily Swallow) kills a group of preachers in a park in an attempt to lure God. Sam (Jared Padalecki) is still trying to convince Dean (Jensen Ackles) to return to the Cage, stating that he can know how to kill the Darkness. They contact Crowley (Mark A. Sheppard) who may know how to enter. He decides to use a spell from the Book of the Damned as a way to neutralize Lucifer from leaving the Cage. He captures Rowena (Ruth Connell) so she can translate it with their supervision. Dean investigates the killings and deduces Amara is responsible. While walking through a park, Dean encounters Amara. She transports them to an isolated land where they talk and she states that she killed the preachers so God could face her. Sam, Crowley and Rowena go through Hell, reaching the Cage point. Rowena prepares a ritual and the Cage emerges from the dark, revealing Lucifer (Mark Pellegrino) inside. He seems to be an expert about the Darkness and knows how to stop it, but only if Sam accepts to be his vessel again. Meanwhile, Dean attempts to kill Amara with the angel blade onto her but it shatters. Amara says he can't resist and they kiss. Soon, low-level angels arrive to escort Amara to Heaven for trial, otherwise, the angels in Heaven will unleash a powerful thunder. She kills all of them and transports Dean back to the park as the angels release the thunder onto her. In Hell, the Cage begins to lose the effect of the spell and Sam is immediately transported to the Cage. While Crowley stares in shock and confusion, Rowena tells them they need to leave. Lucifer reveals to Sam that he was in fact the one who gave him the visions and all the messages, not God. It was just a way to bring him to the Cage as the only way out is being his vessel. Reception Viewers The episode was watched by 1.90 million viewers with a 0.7/2 share among adults aged 18 to 49. This was a 5% decrease in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 2.00 million viewers from a 0.9/3 share in the 18-49 demographics. 0.7 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 2 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. Supernatural ranked as the second most","title":"O Brother Where Art Thou? (Supernatural)"},{"docid":"27621733","text":"Caffe Reggio is a New York City coffeehouse first opened in 1927 at 119 Macdougal Street in the heart of Manhattan's Greenwich Village. Italian cappuccino was introduced in America by the founder of Caffe Reggio, Domenico Parisi, in the early 1920s. Inside the cafe, against the back wall, there is still the original espresso machine, made in 1902, that Domenico Parisi bought with his savings when he opened the cafe in 1927. This cafe was also one of the first American cafes to sell a cappuccino. The Caffe Reggio has been featured in many movies, including The Godfather Part II, Next Stop, Greenwich Village, The Kremlin Letter, Shaft, Serpico, The Next Man, In Good Company, Inside Llewyn Davis, The Sun Is Also a Star and others. Caffe Reggio is mentioned in the Luke Cage season 2 episode \"They Reminisce Over You\". Many celebrities have been spotted or photographed in this location. In 1959, presidential hopeful John F. Kennedy made a speech outside the coffee shop. In 2010, the cafe was honored with a Village Award by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation for its status as a beloved and essential part of the neighborhood. Caffe Reggio has a bench from a palazzo of the Florentine Medici family of Renaissance fame. The bench is not roped off and guests can sit on it and admire a painting from an artist of the school of Caravaggio. References External links \"Photos: Visiting Caffe Reggio, A Timeless Classic In A Changing Greenwich Village\" by Jen Carlson, Gothamist, December 8, 2014 Caffee Reggio in films; a photo of Al Pacino at Caffe Reggio by Annie Leibovitz Coffeehouses and cafés in Manhattan 1927 establishments in New York City Espresso Drinking establishments in Greenwich Village Italian-American culture in New York City","title":"Caffe Reggio"},{"docid":"4690987","text":"Jason Von Flue (born August 1, 1975) is a former American mixed martial artist who appeared on the second season of The Ultimate Fighter. A professional competitor since 1999, he has competed for the UFC, WEC, Strikeforce and King of the Cage. In 2006, at UFC Ultimate Fight Night 3 against Alex Karalexis, Von Flue successfully applied a unique submission move to counter the guillotine choke that is now commonly referred to as the Von Flue choke. Additionally, since 2017, the \"Von Flue choke\" has occasionally been referred to as the \"Von Preux Choke\", due to its usage by Ovince Saint Preux. Mixed martial arts career Early career Von Flue made his professional MMA debut in June 1999, fighting and winning three times in one night on the International Fighting Championships WC 3: Warriors Challenge 3 show. Over the next six years, he amassed a record of 10 wins, 4 losses and 1 draw while fighting for promotions such as King of the Cage and World Extreme Cagefighting in his native California. The Ultimate Fighter 2 On episode three of The Ultimate Fighter 2, fighter Josh Burkman was asked to leave due to a broken arm and Von Flue came to the team of Matt Hughes as a replacement fighter. Considered the underdog, he went on to get an upset win in his first fight against Jorge Gurgel. Despite his performance, he was given to team Franklin when Hughes was forced to give up one of his members to the other team. He faced former teammate Joe Stevenson in the semifinals, losing due to an armbar submission. After his performance on the show, he was signed to a UFC contract. Ultimate Fighting Championship In his first match since the show, Von Flue fought at Ultimate Fight Night 3 where he defeated season one The Ultimate Fighter contestant Alex Karalexis via technical submission, as Karalexis was rendered unconscious by a shoulder choke from side control. This technique is now commonly known as a Von Flue Choke. Though this unique choke submission was around before Von Flue, he was perhaps the first person to get a technical submission on a large stage. In his second UFC match at Ultimate Fight Night 4, he was defeated by fellow TUF 2 contestant Luke Cummo via decision. For his third fight in the UFC, Von Flue faced Joe Riggs at UFC Fight Night 6 on August 17, 2006. He lost the fight via triangle choke submission, and was subsequently released from the promotion. Strikeforce Two months after his UFC release, Von Flue signed with now-defunct promotion Strikeforce. He debuted for the promotion on October 4, 2006, facing Eric Wray at Strikeforce: Tank vs. Buentello. He won the fight via arm-triangle choke. Von Flue then faced Cung Le at Strikeforce: Triple Threat on December 8, 2006. He lost the fight via doctor stoppage TKO, due to a cut that opened up on Von Flue. Von Flue faced Luke Stewart at Strikeforce Shamrock vs. Baroni and lost","title":"Jason Von Flue"},{"docid":"53057962","text":"Aubrey Omari Joseph (born November 26, 1997) is an American actor best known for his role as Tyrone Johnson / Cloak in Freeform's Cloak & Dagger. Career Aubrey started acting on the stage, portraying Simba in the Broadway musical The Lion King, a role he alternated with Judah Bellamy. Aubrey has his first major, starring role after being cast in January 2017 as Tyrone Johnson / Cloak, one of the lead characters, in the Marvel's Cloak & Dagger television series. The show, set within the larger Marvel Cinematic Universe, aired on Freeform, jointly produced by the network, Marvel Television, based on the Marvel Comics characters of the same name. Aubrey felt his casting was coincidental. \"At the time that I got the audition, I was in the middle of trying to watch season one of Luke Cage, so it was crazy just how ironic everything was at that moment.\" The series ran for two seasons, concluding in May 2019 and was canceled that October. Joseph and his Cloak & Dagger co-star Olivia Holt returned to voice their respective characters on the Disney XD animated series Spider-Man and reprised their roles for a two-episode crossover in the third and final season of Marvel's Runaways. Aubrey released his debut album, XXl, on July 24, 2020. Personal life Aubrey Joseph is the middle child of three boys. Filmography Accolades References External links Living people 1997 births 21st-century American male actors Place of birth missing (living people) American male television actors","title":"Aubrey Joseph"},{"docid":"67970643","text":"SurrealEstate is a Canadian paranormal drama television series that premiered on July 16, 2021, on CTV Sci-Fi Channel. In February 2024, it was renewed for a third season. Premise Real estate agent Luke Roman and an elite team of specialists handle the cases that no one else can: haunted and possessed houses that literally scare would-be buyers away. Cast Main Tim Rozon as Luke Roman, the head of a real estate agency which deals with haunted houses. Sarah Levy as Susan Ireland, a new agent of the Roman Agency. She's a people person, acting as the agency public relations. It's later revealed in Season 1 that she has telekinetic and pyrokinetic powers. Adam Korson as Phil Orley, a paranormal researcher and former Catholic priest. Maurice Dean Wint as August Ripley, a technology specialist who does the designs and the construction. He also studies how the architecture connects with supernatural energy. Savannah Basley as Zooey L'Enfant, the front desk manager. Tennille Read as Megan Donovan, the victim of a haunted house tied to Roman. (season 1, one episode season 2) Elena Juatco as Lomax, a former mortician who joins the Roman Agency as an agent. (season 2) Recurring Jennifer Dale as Victoria Roman, Luke's estranged mother. Art Hindle as Carl Roman, Luke's deceased father. Joy Tanner as Rochelle Decker, a scientist and August's former colleague/old flame. (season 2) Alison Brooks as Rita Weiss, the head of a competing real estate agency who has a rivalry with Luke. Guest Melanie Scrofano, reuniting with her Wynonna Earp co-star Rozon, appeared in one episode and directed four episodes. (season 1) Varun Saranga also joined his Wynonna Earp co-stars Rozon and Scrofano as a guest star in one episode, which was directed by Scrofano. (season 2) Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2021) Season 2 (2023) Notes Production The series, produced by Blue Ice Pictures was first announced in 2020, originally under the working title The Surrealtor, and was shot in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Tim Rozon was cast in the lead role of Luke Roman; he previously starred in Wynonna Earp for four seasons (2016–2021), with Melanie Scrofano in the title role, and she joined his new production as a director for two episodes (and one guest appearance) in the first season. Rozon also appeared in the main cast of Schitt's Creek, alongside Sarah Levy; Levy stars with Rozon in the main cast of SurrealEstate, in the role of Susan Ireland. The series premiered on July 16, 2021, on CTV Sci-Fi Channel. In October 2021, series creator George Olsen announced Syfy would not be picking up the series for a second season, adding that he would attempt to find a new home for the series. In May 2022, it was announced Syfy had reversed its cancellation. The second season moved to the fall, premiering on October 4, 2023. In February 2024, it was announced Syfy renewed the show for a third season. Broadcast In the United States, the first season of SurrealEstate was broadcast","title":"SurrealEstate"},{"docid":"15362707","text":"S. Robert Morgan is an American television actor and theatre director. He starred in the HBO drama series The Wire as Butchie from the second season until the show's fifth and final season. Personal life Morgan is from Fort Washington, Maryland and is a regular patron of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, which The Washington Post has described as \"A Haven for Sightless Readers\". He lost his sight in his twenties due to macular degeneration. Filmography Literary Visions (1992) (Actor) (2 episodes) The Wire (2003–08) (Butchie) (10 episodes) Blind Date (2009) (Fred) Luke Cage (2016) (Oliver) (Moment of Truth) References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Living people African-American male actors Place of birth missing (living people) American male television actors American blind people Male actors from Washington, D.C. Blind actors American actors with disabilities 21st-century African-American people","title":"S. Robert Morgan"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"51791914\",\n \"text\": \"Erik LaRay Harvey (born 1972) is an American actor known for his roles as Dunn Purnsley in Boardwalk Empire, Willis Stryker / Diamondback in Luke Cage, and his role in The Charnel House (2016). Early life Erik LaRay Harvey was drawn into acting when he saw a theatrical performance of The Wiz. In his youth, he aspired to be a dentist. Career Harvey has performed in feature films, television series, and TV movies. Early TV roles include two episodes of Law & Order (1994 and 1998); two episodes of NYPD Blue (1997 and 2003); Now and Again; and Third Watch. He appears in two additional Law & Order series: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (two episodes; 2003 and 2013) and Law & Order: Criminal Intent (one episode; 2005). Roles in feature films include Twister, The Caveman's Valentine and Rounders. His two major roles have been on the HBO series Boardwalk Empire as Dunn Purnsley (2011–2013) and the Netflix series Luke Cage as Willis \\\"Diamondback\\\" Stryker. Filmography Film Television Video games References External links American male television actors Living people New York University alumni Place of birth missing (living people) 1972 births 21st-century American male actors 20th-century American male actors American male film actors American male video game actors People from Bainbridge, Georgia Male actors from Georgia (U.S. state)\",\n \"title\": \"Erik LaRay Harvey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51061639\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Devil in the Details\\\" is the 10th episode and midseason premiere of the paranormal drama television series Supernaturals season 11, and the 228th overall. The episode was written by Andrew Dabb and directed by Thomas J. Wright. It was first broadcast on January 20, 2016 on The CW. In the episode, Lucifer shows Sam his memories in an attempt for him to say yes to be his vessel. The title is a reference to the phrase \\\"The devil is in the detail\\\", meaning a mystery or loop on a detail. The episode received critical acclaim with critics praising the Castiel reveal. Plot Rowena (Ruth Connell) had a dream where Lucifer (Mark Pellegrino) showed up with the promise of rewards if she brought him Sam (Jared Padalecki). In the present, Lucifer shows Sam a memory of his childhood to show his changes and how he and Dean always take the decision to save each other instead of the world. Crowley (Mark A. Sheppard) accuses Rowena of betraying him but she defends herself by claiming Lucifer will give her rewards. Dean (Jensen Ackles) is called by Crowley to notify him that Sam is in the Cage. Castiel (Misha Collins) and Ambriel (Valerie Tian) inspect the explosion area to find Amara. Amara (Emily Swallow) consumes Ambriel's soul but spares Castiel's life, sending him to Hell. Dean contacts Billie (Lisa Berry) to get him through Hell. He and Crowley then put Rowena in a witchcatcher so she can be Crowley's slave. Lucifer begins attacking Sam and when Dean and Castiel arrive, he transports them into the cage. They get into a fight while Rowena tries to invoke a spell. She manages to get them out of the cage before Lucifer kills them. Sam and Dean leave the Hell while Castiel stays behind. Sam tells Dean that Lucifer may have been right but Dean states that Lucifer and the Darkness in the same earth would be catastrophic. Castiel goes with Crowley and Crowley discovers to his shock that Castiel is none other than Lucifer. It turns out Castiel accepted to be his vessel so he could stop the Darkness. Lucifer frees Rowena and then kills her so he can't go back to the cage. He then sits next to Crowley, telling him they need to talk. Reception Viewers The episode was watched by 1.83 million viewers with a 0.7/2 share among adults aged 18 to 49. This was a 4% decrease in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 1.90 million viewers from a 0.7/2 share in the 18-49 demographics. 0.7 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 2 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. Critical reviews \\\"The Devil in the Details\\\" received critical acclaim from critics. Matt Fowler of IGN gave the episode a \\\"great\\\" 8.6 out of 10 and wrote in her verdict, \\\"'The Devil in the Details' was scrumptious Supernatural. My one main gripe, however, isn't necessarily that Cas made a\",\n \"title\": \"The Devil in the Details\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"26702204\",\n \"text\": \"The fourth season of the American television comedy series How I Met Your Mother premiered on September 22, 2008 and concluded on May 18, 2009. It consisted of 24 episodes, each running approximately 22 minutes in length. CBS broadcast the fourth season on Monday nights at 8:30 pm in the United States. The complete fourth season was released on Region 1 DVD on September 29, 2009. In the United Kingdom it aired on E4. The fourth season is the only season of How I Met Your Mother to be nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series. Cast Main cast Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby Jason Segel as Marshall Eriksen Cobie Smulders as Robin Scherbatsky Neil Patrick Harris as Barney Stinson Alyson Hannigan as Lily Aldrin Bob Saget (uncredited) as Future Ted Mosby (voice only) Recurring cast Sarah Chalke as Stella Zinman Lyndsy Fonseca as Penny, Ted's Daughter David Henrie as Luke, Ted's Son Charlene Amoia as Wendy the Waitress Bryan Callen as Bilson Jason Jones as Tony Grafanello Darcy Rose Byrnes as Lucy Zinman Marshall Manesh as Ranjit Joe Nieves as Carl, the owner of MacLarens Pub Matt Boren as Stuart Guest cast Regis Philbin as himself Bill Fagerbakke as Marvin Eriksen, Sr. David Burtka as Scooter Frances Conroy as Loretta Stinson Erin Cahill as Heather Mosby Brooke D'Orsay as Margaret (Betty - Barney's Wife) Laura Prepon as Karen Kendra Wilkinson as herself Kevin Michael Richardson as Stan Heidi Montag as herself Spencer Pratt as himself Kim Kardashian as herself Will Sasso as Doug Martin Episodes U.S. viewership This season is currently the second highest rated season of How I Met Your Mother in terms of viewership, at an average of 9.42 million viewers. However, it is currently the highest rated in terms of the important Adults 18-49 demographic, which is what advertisers use to determine how much a 30-second advertising spot costs. Season 4 averaged 4.0/10 in terms of rating/share in the Adults 18-49 demographic. Critical response Season 4 received highly positive reviews and is often considered to be the best season of the series. Michelle Zoromski of IGN gave Season 4 an overall rating of 8.5 out of 10. Michelle stated, \\\"This fourth season seemed to settle down the chase for the titular mother. While Ted was busy dating Stella, the gang settled into many stand alone episodes which were every bit as entertaining as episodes devoted to Ted's love life,\\\" later going on to say, \\\"A stellar Robin-Marshall episode, titled \\\"Little Minnesota,\\\" makes it clear that these two do not get enough screen time together. With Robin homesick and unemployed (and at risk of being deported), this pairing brought out the best Robin Sparkles reference of the season, when Marshall leads a rousing karaoke version of \\\"Let's Go to the Mall!\\\" References External links 4 2008 American television seasons 2009 American television seasons\",\n \"title\": \"How I Met Your Mother season 4\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"45083058\",\n \"text\": \"Marvel's The Defenders is an American television miniseries created by Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez for the streaming service Netflix, based on the Marvel Comics characters Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist, who form the eponymous superhero team. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the franchise's films. The miniseries is a crossover event and the culmination for four previously released interconnected series from Marvel and Netflix. It was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, Nine and a Half Fingers, Inc., and Goddard Textiles, with Ramirez serving as showrunner. The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, Krysten Ritter as Jessica Jones, Mike Colter as Luke Cage, and Finn Jones as Danny Rand / Iron Fist, all reprising their roles from their individual series. It also stars Eka Darville, Elden Henson, Jessica Henwick, Simone Missick, Ramón Rodríguez, Rachael Taylor, Deborah Ann Woll, Élodie Yung, Rosario Dawson, and Scott Glenn, all also returning from previous series, as well as Sigourney Weaver. Development began in late 2013, with Cox the first actor cast in May 2014. Petrie and Ramirez joined as showrunners in April, after doing so for the second season of Daredevil. Petrie left with the start of filming, which took place in New York City from October 2016 to March 2017. Cinematography and design work established the different color palettes from the characters' individual series, and combined them as the team is formed. The Defenders premiered in New York on July 31, 2017, with all eight episodes released on Netflix on August 18. Critics were mostly positive about the crossover, highlighting the dynamics between the different Defenders as well as Weaver's performance, but were generally disappointed with the overall story, pacing, and the use of the Hand as villains. Third-party analysis indicated that the miniseries was the least-viewed Marvel Netflix series so far and had the largest week-over-week drop in viewership of them all, though it was the third-most \\\"Binge Raced\\\" series globally at the time of its release, according to Netflix. It received several award nominations. The Defenders, along with the other Marvel Netflix series, was removed from Netflix on March 1, 2022, after Disney regained the license for the series. They began streaming on Disney+ from March 16. Premise Set a few months after the second season of Daredevil, and a month after the first season of Iron Fist, the vigilantes Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist team up in New York City to fight a common enemy, the Hand. Cast and characters Main Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil: A blind pro-bono lawyer in Hell's Kitchen, with his remaining senses enhanced, who is secretly a vigilante. Cox felt the second season of Daredevil, in which Murdock fought alongside Elektra Natchios and Frank Castle, prepared the character to accept help in The Defenders, and that moving into the miniseries the death of Natchios would be weighing heavily on Murdock. Ramirez likened Murdock and\",\n \"title\": \"The Defenders (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"25438208\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Fizbo\\\" is the ninth episode of the first season of the American family sitcom television series Modern Family and the ninth episode of the series overall. It originally aired on ABC in the United States on November 25, 2009. The episode was written by Brad Walsh & Paul Corrigan and directed by Jason Winer. In the episode, Phil and Claire try to throw a party for Luke's birthday. Cameron decides to dress up as his clown character Fizbo to attend the party. Manny has a hard time impressing a girl after taking advice from Jay. Haley gets jealous when Dylan talks to the animal handler of the party and ignores her in the process. Everything seems to go fine, but after Haley frees a scorpion from its cage, things go wrong and the family ends up going to the emergency room. \\\"Fizbo\\\" has received positive reviews from critics with many naming it the best episode up to that point. Despite this, \\\"Fizbo\\\" was viewed in 7.12 million households when it premiered, becoming the lowest rated episode of the series. Ratings analysts attributed Fizbo’s low ratings to the episode airing the night before Thanksgiving. Eric Stonestreet won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his performance in this episode. Plot It is Luke's (Nolan Gould) birthday and Phil (Ty Burrell) and Claire (Julie Bowen) want to throw a big birthday party for him. Phil is the one who organizes things for the party. Among other things he ordered, he also asks for an animal handler, Jungle Tanya (Margo Harshman), who brings different animals to show them to the kids, including iguanas, a python and a scorpion. Claire sets up a comb sheath making stand but Phil says that it will be boring. Manny (Rico Rodriguez) wants to impress a girl he likes from school, Bianca (Kaitlyn Dever), and she is going to be at Luke's birthday party. He does not know what to do to get her attention and he asks for Jay's (Ed O'Neill) advice. Jay tells him that girls go for power and success and since he does not have any of those, he should be the funny guy. Manny's attempts to be funny do not have much of success. Cameron (Eric Stonestreet) dresses up as Fizbo the clown, despite Mitchell's (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) disagreement. But Cameron believes that there cannot be a party without a clown so he ignores him. On their way to the party though, Cameron defends Mitchell at the gas station, and Mitchell sees him in a different way. When they arrive at the party, it turns out Phil is afraid of clowns. Haley's (Sarah Hyland) boyfriend Dylan (Reid Ewing) is also at the party. When Dylan starts talking with Jungle Tanya ignoring Haley, Haley gets jealous and she frees the scorpion from its box to take her revenge. Everything is going well at the party until the moment the freed scorpion triggers a chain of events and the\",\n \"title\": \"Fizbo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2343740\",\n \"text\": \"This is a list of episodes for the 1979–1985 CBS action-adventure/comedy series The Dukes of Hazzard. The show ran for seven seasons and a total of 147 episodes. Many of the episodes followed a similar structure: \\\"out-of-town crooks pull a robbery, Duke boys blamed, spend the rest of the hour clearing their names, the General Lee flies and the squad cars crash\\\". Also, almost every episode would begin with the Duke boys driving along in the General Lee, whether running an errand or just out on a leisurely drive, and inadvertently stumbling upon one of the sheriff's speed traps. Series overview Episodes Season 1 (1979) Season 2 (1979–80) Starting with this season, a new closing sequence was introduced. This time, it shows the General Lee and Enos' police car going around in circles. This remained in use until the end of the series in 1985. Also at the beginning of this season, the show is now produced by Lou Step Productions. Season 3 (1980–81) This season consisted of 21 episodes. Season 3 brought a big change to the show. Sonny Shroyer, who played the part of Deputy Enos Strate, was leaving the show to star in a short-lived Dukes of Hazzard spin-off series, called Enos. Rosco's pet dog Flash was introduced in this season. Flash would stay until the end of the series in 1985. In the second episode, Enos was written out of the show as moving to California to take a job with the Los Angeles Police Department. This is the last season to use the Season 2 closing theme. During the opening credits, Enos is out, and Cletus Hogg (Rick Hurst) is in. Season 4 (1981–82) Season 5 (1982–83) Byron Cherry and Christopher Mayer were promoted to opening titles starting with this season. Beginning with season 5, over a royalties dispute, John Schneider (Bo Duke) and Tom Wopat (Luke Duke) were fired from the series. They were replaced by their cousins Coy Duke and Vance Duke. The show's ratings nosedived and, after 18 episodes, Wopat and Schneider were hired back. According to the series bible, Luke and Bo's 18-episode absence was due to their competing (and, ultimately, winning big) in the NASCAR circuit. Their return episode has the distinction of featuring all four Duke boys. This season consisted of 22 episodes. Sonny Shroyer returns as Enos for the rest of the series after the cancellation of the spin-off Enos. Season 6 (1983–84) Season 7 (1984–85) References External links Episodes Lists of American comedy-drama television series episodes\",\n \"title\": \"List of The Dukes of Hazzard episodes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"22650936\",\n \"text\": \"Life Bites is a British adaptation of the Italian series Life Bites – Pillole di vita by Disney Channel Italy. It premiered on 6 September 2008. The show series looks at the everyday adventures of Chloe and Harvey, who are brother and sister and their relationships with family and friends. Each episode looks at variety of themes including school, dating, sport and music. The school which they attend is filmed at Brentside High School in Hanwell, West London. The first season premiered on 6 September 2008 and has 16 episodes; the second season started in July 2009 and has 12 episodes, including a Halloween special and a Christmas special. Cast Main Amy Wren as Chloe Benedict Smith as Harvey, brother of Chloe Tianna Webster as Molly, younger sister of Chloe and Harvey Nicola Posener as Pyper, Chloe's best friend Naomi Scott as Megan, Pyper's and Chloe's best friend Rupert Simonian as Frank, classmate Lucien Laviscount as Jake, Harvey's best friend Dominique Moore as Esther, Chloe's and Pyper's best friend Jeremy Irvine as Luke, Harvey and Frank's best friend Recurring Neil Roberts as Richard Andrea Spisto as Jenni Claire Cage as Mum Brad Kavanagh as band member in Harvey's, Frank's and Luke's band References External links Disney Channel (British and Irish TV channel) original programming 2000s British children's television series 2008 British television series debuts 2009 British television series endings\",\n \"title\": \"Life Bites\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"44253420\",\n \"text\": \"The Lucha Underground Championship was a professional wrestling world championship owned by the Lucha Underground promotion. The championship was the top championship of the promotion and was generally contested in professional wrestling matches, in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than in direct competition. The championship was introduced in episode 8 (\\\"A Unique Opportunity\\\") taped on October 4, 2014, and broadcast on December 17, 2014, with the first champion being determined on episode 9 (\\\"Aztec Warfare\\\") which was taped on October 5, 2014, and broadcast on television on January 7, 2015. The final champion was Jake Strong, who won the title on the last episode of Lucha Underground. As it was a professional wrestling championship, the title was not won by actual competition, but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers. On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant, which means there is no champion at that point in time. This can either be due to a storyline, or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship, or leaving the company. History During Episode 8 (\\\"A Unique Opportunity\\\") of Lucha Underground's first season the storyline owner of Lucha Underground, Dario Cueto, announced that he was introducing the \\\"top prize\\\" in the promotion, the Lucha Underground Championship, revealing the belt to the audience in the arena and viewers at home. He explained that on the following week's show 20 wrestlers would compete in an Aztec Warfare match, featuring a mixture of male, female and Mini-Estrella competitors in the ring at the same time. During episode 8 Mil Muertes defeated Fénix in a match, earning him the number 20 spot, while forcing Fénix to be the first man in the match. Episode 9 (\\\"Aztec Warfare\\\") was dedicated to the championship match and saw Prince Puma pin Johnny Mundo to eliminate him from the match and become the inaugural Lucha Underground Champion. During the broadcast a couple weeks later (\\\"They Call Him Cage\\\") after Puma defeated Cage by disqualification to retain the championship, Cage tore the championship belt apart in a fit of anger, ripping the leather strap in half. As a result, Dario Cueto introduced a new Lucha Underground Championship belt in Episode 20 (\\\"The Art of War\\\") that was presented to Prince Puma. Prince Puma retained his championship in many matches for the title against Fénix, Cage, King Cuerno, Drago, Hernandez, Johnny Mundo, and Chavo Guerrero Jr. On Episode 31 (\\\"The Desolation of Drago\\\") Drago defeated King Cuerno, Cage and Hernandez to earn a match against Prince Puma at Ultima Lucha, Lucha Underground's season finale. Afterwards Cueto announced that Drago would face Mil Muertes on episode 33 for the right to challenge the champion. Episode 33 was taped on April 11, 2015 and had Muertes defeat Drago to earn the match against Prince Puma. At Ultima Lucha Mil Muertes defeated Prince Puma to win the title and end the last episode of the first season as\",\n \"title\": \"Lucha Underground Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51941959\",\n \"text\": \"Luke Cage (Original Soundtrack Album) is the soundtrack album to the 2016 first season of the streaming television series Luke Cage, featuring music composed by Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad. The soundtrack was released on October 7, 2016, digitally and with a vinyl release by Mondo. Younge and Muhammad were asked to join the series by showrunner Cheo Hodari Coker, and strove to write a score inspired by hip hop. They were given a full orchestra to record the score with. In addition to their music, the soundtrack includes songs from various artists that gave onscreen performances during the season, including the original song \\\"Bulletproof Love\\\" featuring Method Man, which was also released before the album as a single. Background In April 2016, Luke Cage showrunner Cheo Hodari Coker revealed that Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad were composing the series' score, describing it as \\\"a '90s hip-hop vibe\\\" with \\\"a lot of different musical appearances\\\". Younge and Muhammad spotted each episode together with the episode's director, then went off and worked on certain cues each, though the two did work on some cues together. Marvel Television, Netflix, and ABC were extremely supportive of Younge and Muhammad's artistic process after hearing their first work for the series (the duo started by composing the bookending music of the second episode), asking them to \\\"push\\\" the sound of the score as far as they could, and allowing them the use of a full, 30-piece orchestra for recording. The score was orchestrated and conducted by Miguel Atwood-Ferguson, and recorded and mixed at Raphael Saadiq's studio. Marvel did criticize the initial theme music that Younge and Muhammad wrote for the series, which was inspired by the \\\"British library music\\\" of Alan Tew. Coker wanted to use the music, but the studio felt that it was too slow to play over the opening credits. They eventually agreed to use the music for the closing credits of each episode, and wrote a piece closer to \\\"classic\\\" theme music for the opening. They still made this \\\"more funky, and kind of crazy\\\" compared to traditional themes, and Marvel praised it. For Younge, it was important that the music for the series be recorded using analog technologies, comparing it to the music of Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder where \\\"you don't like it just because it's composed well. You don't like it just because they have great voices. You like it because of the way it makes you feel, sonically ... the deep, organic, soulful sound waves in it.\\\" He felt that music produced digitally could not replicate this quality and would be \\\"cutting corners\\\". The series features onscreen performances by various artists, which Coker wanted to use to help capture the vibe of the neighborhood. Several of these songs are included on the soundtrack album, including the single \\\"Bulletproof Love\\\", featuring Method Man, an original rap song featured in the episode \\\"Soliloquy of Chaos\\\". The track was arranged by Younge and Muhammad, and includes much of\",\n \"title\": \"Luke Cage (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"26701861\",\n \"text\": \"The second season of the American television comedy series How I Met Your Mother premiered on September 18, 2006 and concluded on May 14, 2007. It consisted of 22 episodes, each approximately 22 minutes in length. CBS broadcast the first three episodes of the second season on Monday nights at 8:30 pm in the United States, the remaining episodes were broadcast at 8:00pm. The complete second season was released on Region 1 DVD on October 2, 2007. In the United Kingdom it aired on E4 from October 2, 2009 weekdays at 7:30pm. Cast Main cast Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby Jason Segel as Marshall Eriksen Cobie Smulders as Robin Scherbatsky Neil Patrick Harris as Barney Stinson Alyson Hannigan as Lily Aldrin Bob Saget (uncredited) as Future Ted Mosby (voice only) Recurring cast Lyndsy Fonseca as Penny, Ted's Daughter David Henrie as Luke, Ted's Son Joe Nieves as Carl Charlene Amoia as Wendy the Waitress Joe Manganiello as Brad Morris Marshall Manesh as Ranjit Guest cast Bryan Cranston as Hammond Druthers David Burtka as Scooter Bob Barker as himself Wayne Brady as James Stinson Michael Gross as Alfred Mosby Charles Robinson as Bank President Emmitt Smith as himself Lucy Hale as Katie Scherbatsky Ryan Pinkston as Kyle Candice King as Amy Episodes References 2 2006 American television seasons 2007 American television seasons\",\n \"title\": \"How I Met Your Mother season 2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"49047979\",\n \"text\": \"The story of the Two Wolves is a memetic legend of unknown origin, commonly attributed to Cherokee or other indigenous American peoples in popular retelling. The legend is usually framed as a grandfather or elder passing wisdom to a young listener; the elder describes a battle between two wolves within one’s self, using the battle as a metaphor for inner conflict. When the listener asks which wolf wins, the grandfather answers \\\"whichever one you feed\\\". While many variations of the story exist (replacing wolves with dogs, changing the nature of the conflict, etc.) the usual conflict uses imagery of white vs black and good vs evil, As its origins cannot be credibly traced to authentic indigenous sources, the “Two Wolves” story is considered an example of fakelore. In media The story is quoted and referenced in various forms in media articles. The story is featured in the 2015 film Tomorrowland: Casey: \\\"There are two wolves\\\" ... You told me this story my entire life, and now I'm telling you: There are two wolves and they are always fighting. One is darkness and despair, the other is light and hope. Which wolf wins? Eddie: C'mon, Casey. Casey: Okay, fine, don't answer. Eddie: Whichever one you feed. Other examples include: In the television series Luke Cage (Season 2, Episode 2, at time-index 48:06) a pastor tells the story of a \\\"Cherokee Legend\\\", with the metaphor of two wolves fighting, where the boy in the story asks \\\"Which wolf is stronger?\\\" and his grandfather responds: \\\"It's the one you feed.\\\" In an issue of the Daredevil comic series, the character Echo encounters Wolverine while on a vision quest. He tells her a version of the Two Wolves story he learned from the Chief, albeit referring to them as dogs. Echo then reveals that her late father was the one who originally told that story to the Chief. In Knightfall (Season One, Episode Four, \\\"He Who Discovers His Own Self, Discovers God) Godfrey tells the story to Landry in a flashback. In the television series 12 Monkeys (Season 1, Episode 6, at time-index 29:14) Cole tells Aaron the story as he mentions that Cassie feeds the good wolf. The marquee of the Tarkovsky Theatre in John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum advertises a performance titled \\\"A Tale of Two Wolves.\\\" Versions with dogs There are similar stories told by Christian ministers appearing in print prior to the story of the Two Wolves that refer to dogs instead of wolves. An early variation of this story was published in The Daily Republican, Monongahela, Pennsylvania on November 16, 1962. William J. Turner Jr. prefaced a meditation on \\\"two natures within\\\" (Romans 7:18–19) with this illustration: \\\"A man traveling through the mountains came upon an old mountaineer who had two dogs. Both dogs were the same size, and they fought continually. The visitor asked the mountaineer which dog usually won. The old fellow studied for a moment, spat over the fence, and said, 'The one I feed\",\n \"title\": \"Two Wolves\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"47718585\",\n \"text\": \"Blake Tower is a fictional supporting character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. An attorney who often appears in stories featuring Spider-Man and Daredevil, he first appeared in Daredevil #124 and was created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist Bob Brown. Blake Tower was a main character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) Netflix television series Daredevil where he was portrayed by Stephen Rider. He also appeared in guest appearances in two seasons of the series Luke Cage, and is credited as the main for his appearance in the second season. Publication history Blake Tower first appeared in Daredevil #124 and was created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist Bob Brown. Fictional character biography Born in New York, Blake Tower became a brilliant lawyer and opened his own law firm. After watching the clash between Daredevil and the new Torpedo, Tower competed with Foggy Nelson for election as district attorney, and his campaign won in a landslide. Among his first tasks was the official presentation of the computer W.H.O. (Worldwide Habitual Offender) Dr. Armstrong Smith. After a brief meeting with the Heroes for Hire, Luke Cage and Iron Fist, Tower dealt with the acquittal of Spider-Man against charges for the death of George Stacy and Norman Osborn. He also tried to help Spider-Man against the attacks of J. Jonah Jameson, Spencer Smythe and the Spider-Slayer. Subsequently, Tower collected the deposition of Captain America regarding a case involving Batroc the Leaper. This made him several enemies in criminal circles and he became the target of a hit man, only being saved by the intervention of Luke Cage and Iron Fist. Tower participated in trials against Boomerang and Punisher, afterwards convincing the supervillain Slyde to work with and engage his former employer for money laundering. After the murder of colleague Jean DeWolff, Tower assisted in the process of the only suspect, the Sin-Eater and the dissolution of Heroes for Hire, meanwhile following procedures to bring the body of Ned Leeds to the United States. Tower had a long association with She-Hulk which ended because of the heroine's hectic life. Tower later participated in the trial of Peter Parker during the \\\"Clone Saga\\\", and in the trial of Winter Soldier for his previous actions. In other media Blake Tower is a recurring character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe's Netflix TV series, portrayed by Stephen Rider. Tower makes his debut in the second season of Daredevil. He is an Assistant District Attorney, who is a subordinate of Manhattan District Attorney Samantha Reyes. He becomes a reluctant ally to Nelson & Murdock after Grotto gets killed by the Punisher and Karen Page confronts Tower with evidence that Reyes will double-cross him. After Reyes is gunned down in her office by men working for the Blacksmith, Tower ends up taking her place as District Attorney. In Luke Cage, Tower shows up in \\\"Now You're Mine\\\" during Diamondback's hostage situation at Harlem's Paradise. He informs Inspector Priscilla Ridley about Mariah Dillard's negotiations with city\",\n \"title\": \"Blake Tower\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"28149971\",\n \"text\": \"The Straight Edge Society was a villainous professional wrestling stable in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) that appeared on its SmackDown brand. The concept behind the group was the straight edge lifestyle, which promotes and abides to discipline—primarily no smoking, drinking, or drugs. The group acted as a militant organization, denouncing all people who did not live the straight edge lifestyle, even those who also abstain from substance abuse, so new members were required to shave their heads, which signified a \\\"new beginning\\\". The founder and leader of the group was CM Punk, who follows the straight edge lifestyle in real life. Members included Joey Mercury, Luke Gallows, and Serena. As of , Punk, and Gallows remain employed with the WWE, while Deeb is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). History Formation Before The Straight Edge Society was formed, CM Punk feuded with Jeff Hardy over the World Heavyweight Championship while making allusions to Hardy's real life drug usage. In the end, on the August 28 episode of SmackDown, Punk retained his World Heavyweight Championship in a Loser Leaves WWE steel cage match and Hardy left the WWE. The formation began on the November 27, 2009 episode of SmackDown where Punk transformed the formerly mentally disabled and unresponsive Festus into the focused and driven Luke Gallows, who explained that his friends got him hooked on prescription pain medication, which explained his behavior as Festus, and he also credited Punk with cleaning him up and \\\"showing him the way\\\", and became Punk's main enforcer. Gallows would assist Punk in his feuds with R-Truth and Matt Hardy. A few weeks later, the two began shaving the heads of (planted) fans in the audience who wished to follow the straight edge lifestyle, demonstrating a \\\"new beginning\\\" for their lives. Before Punk was able to find a third person to convert, a woman named Serena came out of the crowd begging to be saved by Punk, but instead of having security escort her out, he accepted Serena and shaved her head. From thereafter, Serena accompanied Punk and ran interference in his matches. Punk would interrupt many events in an attempt to recruit members to The Straight Edge Society, starting from the Royal Rumble, where he would preach while eliminating Dolph Ziggler, Evan Bourne, JTG, Beth Phoenix, and Zack Ryder, even though he was ultimately eliminated from the speaking platform by Triple H, whom he had tried to convert previously and who had espoused that he too avoided drugs, smoke, and alcohol, but he did not think it was right to be preaching like Punk was doing. On February 23, 2010 it was revealed that Punk would be mentoring Darren Young, a \\\"South Beach Party Boy\\\", on the first season of NXT. A few weeks later, Young became fascinated with The Straight Edge Society and decided to join them, only to quickly change his mind after finding out he had to shave his head as initiation. Feud with Rey Mysterio The Straight Edge Society would\",\n \"title\": \"Straight Edge Society\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"56489186\",\n \"text\": \"How to Stay Married is an Australian television comedy series screening on Network 10. It premiered on 8 November 2018. The series is a spin-off of an episode of the 2013 anthology comedy series It's a Date on the ABC. The show is a Princess Pictures and Pablo Pictures co-production. The show was renewed for a second season on 22 August 2018, before the first episode aired. All episodes of season 2 were initially released on streaming service 10 Play on March 26, 2020 for two weeks as part of Network Ten's \\\"10 Shows in 10 Days\\\" promotion during the COVID-19 pandemic. It later premiered on Network Ten on Tuesday, 5 May 2020. A third season premiered on May 4, 2021. Synopsis After fifteen years of marriage, the lives of Greg and Em Butler and their two daughters change when Em returns to work, Greg is made redundant and his brother Brad moves in. Cast Main cast Recurring cast Guests Christopher Kirby as Luke Garrison Nicholas Bell as Brian Steve Bastoni as Lenny Main characters Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2018) Season 2 (2020) Season 3 (2021) References External links 2018 Australian television series debuts 2010s Australian comedy television series Television shows set in Melbourne Network 10 original programming\",\n \"title\": \"How to Stay Married\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"34822117\",\n \"text\": \"Luke Nguyen's Vietnam is an Australian television series first screened on SBS One in 2010. The series follows chef, Luke Nguyen, as he tours Vietnam seeking culinary delights and adventure. It is regularly broadcast on Good Food, a UK food-orientated TV channel. Luke Nguyen Luke Nguyen (born 1978) is a Vietnamese Australian chef, best known as the host of television series Luke Nguyen's Vietnam. The series is a food documentary, in which he travels through Vietnam, cooking in the ad hoc manner of the street vendors in the country, usually preparing the dish on the footpaths. He appeared on MasterChef Australia (season 2) as a guest chef. He is also the owner of Red Lantern restaurant in Surry Hills, Sydney and is the author of a number of cook books. He's a current judge of MasterChef Vietnam. Season One Episode 1: Saigon Episode 2: Saigon Episode 3: Mekong delta Episode 4: Phu Quoc Island Episode 5: Phan thiet and mui ne Episode 6: Dalat Episode 7: Nha trang Episode 8: Quy nhon Episode 9: Hoi an Episode 10: Hoi an 2 Season Two Episode 1: Hue Episode 2: Vinh Episode 3: Ninh Binh Episode 4: Hanoi Episode 5: Greater Hanoi Episode 6: Sapa Episode 7: Sapa 2 Episode 8: Bac Ha Episode 9: Halong Bay Episode 10: Mai Chau References External links Luke Nguyen's Vietnam on SBS Special Broadcasting Service original programming Australian cooking television series\",\n \"title\": \"Luke Nguyen's Vietnam\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"75438924\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Gang War\\\" is a 2023 storyline published by Marvel Comics. It was created by Zeb Wells and John Romita Jr. The story involves Spider-Man and the local superheroes working to deal with a gang war between the different families after Tombstone was shot and the crime families plan to take over the criminal underworld. Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 6 #39, Deadly Hands of Kung Fu: Gang War #1, and Luke Cage: Gang War #2 were dedicated in memory of Keith Giffen who died from a stroke on October 9, 2023. Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 6 #40, Luke Cage: Gang War #3, Miles Morales: Spider-Man Vol. 2 #14, and Spider-Woman Vol. 8 #2 saluted the retirement of Alison Gill. The event overall received mixed reviews, with criticism directed towards the artwork, tie-ins, pacing, character arcs, and the lack of focus on Spider-Man. Publication history Gang War will detail the different crime families going to war after Tombstone was shot by Shotgun during the wedding of Janice Lincoln and Randy Robertson. With the crime families blaming each other for calling the hit and planning to take over the criminal underworld, Spider-Man works to keep the gang war from getting worse with help from the local superheroes while also dealing with the anti-vigilante laws that will cause all the sides to come into conflict with the NYPD. Plot Lead-up On the day when Tombstone's daughter Janice Lincoln was going to marry Robbie Robertson's son Randy Robertson, it is attended by Peter Parker, Aunt May, Martha Robertson, and the crime lords Hammerhead, Mister Negative, Crime Master, Diamondback, Madame Masque, Black Mariah, and Owl. Just then, Shotgun crashes the wedding on his motorcycle and uses special bullets to wound Tombstone. Peter Parker slips away to become Spider-Man and pursues Shotgun. He follows Shotgun through the forest until he loses him. As Tombstone is loaded into an ambulance, the crime lords blame each other for the attack. Madame Masque leaves in her limousine as Hammerhead sets off an explosive in it. As Spider-Man and Rek-Rap deal with Re-Po (who was made from Peter Parker's debt collector by Madelyne Pryor) in his mission to get Rek-Rap and the other demons back to Limbo, Hammerhead talks with his branch of the Maggia as one of them mentions about what happened to Madam Masque. Just then, they are visited by Count Nefaria who will take the blame on what happened with his daughter Madame Masque. While touching Hammerhead's head, Count Nefaria states that the crime lords will bow to the Maggia once again. As Hammerhead watches the news about Randy Robertson talking about Fisk's law, Hammerhead gets a call from his minion Jake about how they found Lady Yulan's grunts and how he speculated that Lady Yulan's grunts are either vampires or hate holy water. As Hammerhead orders Jake to take Father O'Neil home, he also tells them to lose the masks they got from the Inner Demons as they have a big day tomorrow. The next day, Hammerhead meets with\",\n \"title\": \"Gang War (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8134096\",\n \"text\": \"Francis Luke Askew (March 26, 1932 – March 29, 2012) was an American actor. He appeared in many westerns, and had a lead role in the spaghetti Western Night of the Serpent (La notte dei serpenti; 1969). He also had a small but key part in the 1969 classic movie Easy Rider. Biography Askew was born on March 26, 1932, in Macon, Georgia, to Milton Dillard Askew (1904–1976) and Dorothy Doolittle (1910–1969). Askew attended the University of Georgia, Mercer University, and Walter F. George School of Law. In his collegiate years, Askew served in the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War, serving in the intelligence division of Strategic Air Command. He started his professional career in radio and television, and as a rock and blues singer. He made his film debut in Hurry Sundown (1967), but was first noticed as an actor for his role in Cool Hand Luke (1967). The following year he worked with John Wayne in The Green Berets (with his hair cut short). The following year he worked with Dennis Hopper and Peter Fonda in Easy Rider. Askew continued to work as an actor after that, predominantly appearing in guest roles on television series. This includes work on such series as: Bonanza, The High Chaparral, Mission: Impossible, Cannon, The Rockford Files, Quincy, M.E., The Six Million Dollar Man, T. J. Hooker, L.A. Law, MacGyver, Walker, Texas Ranger, Murder She Wrote, and HBO's Big Love. He also took part in Easy Rider: Shaking the Cage (1999), a documentary about the making of Easy Rider, and the 2003 documentary Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex, Drugs and Rock 'N' Roll Generation Saved Hollywood. Askew sang Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf and Jimmy Reed songs at The Gaslight Cafe. According to Bob Dylan, when Luke sang at The Gaslight Cafe it was like a \\\"guy who sounded like Bobby Blue Bland\\\". Askew later moved to Lake Oswego, Oregon. He died at Lake Oswego on March 29, 2012, three days after his 80th birthday, due to lung cancer. Selected filmography Hurry Sundown (1967) .... Dolph Higginson The Happening (1967) .... Second Motorcycle Officer Cool Hand Luke (1967) .... Boss Paul Will Penny (1967) .... Foxy The Devil's Brigade (1968) .... Private Hubert Hixon The Green Berets (1968) .... Sergeant Provo Easy Rider (1969) .... Stranger on Highway Flareup (1969) .... Alan Moris Night of the Serpent (1969) .... Luke Angel Unchained (1970) .... Jonathan Tremaine The Culpepper Cattle Company (1972) .... Luke The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid (1972) .... Jim Younger The Magnificent Seven Ride! (1972) .... Mark Skinner Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973) .... Eno Slipstream (1973) .... Mike Mallard A Matter of Wife... and Death (1975) .... Snell Posse (1975) .... Krag Walking Tall Part 2 (1975) .... Pinky Dobson Mackintosh and T.J. (1975) .... Cal Rolling Thunder (1977) .... Automatic Slim Wanda Nevada (1979) .... Ruby Muldoon The Beast Within (1982) .... Dexter Ward The Warrior and the Sorceress (1984) .... Zeg the Tyrant\",\n \"title\": \"Luke Askew\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"22094992\",\n \"text\": \"Bully Beatdown is an American reality television series created by Mark Burnett which aired on MTV. In each episode, show host Jason \\\"Mayhem\\\" Miller challenged bullies to fight against a professional mixed martial artist for a chance to win $10,000. The money they would receive depended on their performance against their opponent, with any money they didn't win going to the bully's victims. If the bully managed to submit or knock out the martial artist at any time, they won a $5000 bonus. Format Episodes in the first season featured four segments. The first segment involved Mayhem revealing a video featuring the victims describing their bullying situation and asking for help. This was followed by the host meeting with the victims in person and briefly discussing their problems. Mayhem and the victims would then confront the bully, and Mayhem would offer the bully $10,000 to fight a professional MMA fighter. In all of the episodes that aired, the bully accepted. The next segment consisted of Mayhem bringing the bully into his gym to see how the bully fights in order to help him determine whom to put in the cage against him. During this segment, Mayhem introduced the bullies to their corner man, and would usually briefly discuss the fight with them. The segment would end with the victims meeting the fighter who would be challenging their bully, and the audience would be shown clips of the bully preparing in the locker room. The third segment would begin with Mayhem standing in the ring with the victims, introducing them to the crowd. After a brief introduction, the bully would be brought out to boos from the crowd. Mayhem would then let the bullies and victims have a few last words before bringing out the fighter. Once the professional fighter had entered the cage, the audience would be shown a short segment explaining the rules. Finally, long-time professional referee \\\"Big\\\" John McCarthy would begin the first round. Round 1 was a 3-minute grappling-only round. The bully would begin the round with $5,000, and would loses $1,000 every time they were forced to tap out (with the lost money going to the victims). The final segment began with an explanation of the rules for Round 2, a 3-minute kickboxing round. The bully wins $5,000 if they can survive the entire 3 minutes, but does not get any money if they quit or get KO'd or the referee stops the fight. After the round ends, Mayhem deals out the money, and asks the bully if there is anything they want to say to their victim(s). In most episodes, the bully offered an apology. In Season 2, the format of the first half of the show was changed significantly. The show starts with Mayhem in the cage. He first presents the victims' tape, and is then joined by the victims in the cage. This is followed by a video from the bully explaining why they pick on their victims, often intercut with footage of\",\n \"title\": \"Bully Beatdown\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"54196981\",\n \"text\": \"Hollywood Darlings is an American comedy series starring Beverley Mitchell, Jodie Sweetin, and Christine Lakin that premiered on April 12, 2017 on Pop. On September 18, 2017, the show was renewed for a second season after it became the network’s number 1 original series debut ever among women 18–34 according to Nielsen. The second season premiered on April 18, 2018. Premise The series is an improv comedy-series which follows three lifelong friends who grew up together in \\\"the business,\\\" became household names, and now take on even bigger roles as moms, wives, and businesswomen. They play exaggerated versions of themselves. Cast Main Beverley Mitchell as herself Jodie Sweetin as herself Christine Lakin as herself Recurring Brandon Breaul as himself, Christine's husband Soleil Moon Frye as herself Tony Rodriguez as Tony Guest stars Andrea Barber as herself (\\\"How Christine Got Her Groove Back\\\") Andrew Keegan as himself (\\\"How Christine Got Her Groove Back\\\") Wanya Morris as himself (\\\"Driving Miss Jodie\\\") Tamera Mowry as herself (\\\"Driving Miss Jodie\\\") DeAnna Pappas as herself (\\\"Got Milk?\\\") Jaleel White as himself (\\\"Got Milk?\\\") Heather Tom as herself (\\\"The Bev Witch Project\\\") Nicholle Tom as herself (\\\"The Bev Witch Project\\\") Lance Bass as himself (\\\"The Luke Perry Incident\\\") Patrick Duffy as himself (\\\"The Luke Perry Incident\\\") Staci Keanan as herself (\\\"The Luke Perry Incident\\\") Lori Beth Denberg as herself (\\\"She's Not All That\\\") Will Friedle as himself (\\\"Y2K\\\") Marla Sokoloff as herself (\\\"Y2K\\\") Matthew Lawrence as himself (\\\"Star Crossed Mothers\\\") David Lascher as himself (\\\"Dry Spell\\\") Tatyana Ali as herself (\\\"White Little Lies\\\") Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2017) Season 2 (2018) Ratings Season 1 (2017) Season 2 (2018) Trivia The show started in season 1 out as a mockumentary style comedy, with the characters giving commentary during the scenes. Season 2 is a bit more stylized. References External links Official Site 2010s American comedy television series 2017 American television series debuts 2018 American television series endings Television shows set in Los Angeles American English-language television shows Television series by All3Media Pop (American TV channel) original programming\",\n \"title\": \"Hollywood Darlings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"44512264\",\n \"text\": \"Luke Zachrich (born December 19, 1981) is a retired American mixed martial artist and professional boxer who formerly competed in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship A professional mixed martial arts competitor since 2006 until his release from the UFC in 2014, Zachrich was a member of Team Forrest on the seventh season of The Ultimate Fighter, and has also fought for King of the Cage, Bellator, Xtreme Fighting Organization, and Ultimate Victory Challenge, the latter of which he was the inaugural Middleweight Champion. In the first few years of his career, he trained with professional wrestling and mixed martial arts legend Dan Severn at The Beast Academy in Coldwater, Michigan, before relocating to Team Jorge Gurgel in Cincinnati, Ohio. He now fights out his own training facility, the Ronin Training Center, where he is also one of the head instructors. During his professional career, he held a martial arts record of 14–4, with seven of his fourteen wins coming by way of submission. Zachrich is currently ineligible for the Tapology.com Middleweight rankings due to his retirement from mixed martial arts. Background Zachrich was born on October 1, 1981, in Defiance, Ohio. During his first year, Zachrich was a varsity football player at Bowling Green University in Bowling Green, Ohio. After sustaining an injury in one of the last scheduled games of the season, he chose to discontinue his upstart career in football and find a different profession. In the last couple of years in college, Zachrich was a part-time lacrosse player and then graduated with bachelor's degree in 2005. Around the same time, he stumbled upon mixed martial arts and began training with UFC legend and Hall of Famer Dan Severn at his gym, The Beast Academy, in Coldwater, Michigan and also trained with renowned Jujitsu practitioner Dave Morris. An upstart, Zachrich trained for two years under the tutelage of Severn and Jorge Gurgel's team, before accepting a last-minute offer to compete in an amateur bout in early 2006. During an interview with MMA.TV, he was asked about how he made the transition to mixed martial arts. Mixed martial arts career In the first combat bout of his career, Zachrich faced off against fellow fighting newcomer Ben Kelley at Mega Fighting Championship's premiere event on January 14, 2006. It was a showcase of heavy stand-up striking for a majority of the bout, with Zachrich coming out on top with a first round technical knockout victory. Following more training, Zachrich would receive the opportunity to turn pro three months later. On April 15, 2006, he made a successful transition to professional mixed martial arts, as he submitted Cliff Perillo with strikes at the Ultimate Fight Series. At 1–0, Zachrich continued his slow-and-steady climb up the divisional rankings, and would collect another victory on May 6, 2006, in the form of a thirty-one second TKO of Micah Bender in the preliminary portion of FightFest 3. King of the Cage (2006–2007) On September 29, 2006, Zachrich fought Jason Zazelenchuk at\",\n \"title\": \"Luke Zachrich\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"45082948\",\n \"text\": \"Marvel's Luke Cage is an American television series created by Cheo Hodari Coker for the streaming service Netflix, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the franchise's films, and was the third Marvel Netflix series leading to the crossover miniseries The Defenders. The series was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Coker serving as showrunner. Mike Colter stars as Luke Cage, a former convict with superhuman strength and unbreakable skin who now fights crime and corruption. Simone Missick, Theo Rossi, Rosario Dawson, and Alfre Woodard also star, with Mahershala Ali and Erik LaRay Harvey joining them for season one, and Mustafa Shakir and Gabrielle Dennis joining for season two. Development of the series began in late 2013. Colter was cast as Cage in December 2014, to appear in the series Jessica Jones before starring in his own series. Coker was hired as showrunner in March 2015, and focused on themes of race and black culture with a neo-blaxploitation, neo-Western tone. Filming for the series, which looked to replicate the unique culture and atmosphere of Harlem, took place in New York City. It features many musical guests as well as a \\\"'90s hip-hop\\\" score by Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad. The first season was released in its entirety on Netflix on September 30, 2016, followed by the second on June 22, 2018. They were met with positive reviews, and received numerous accolades including a Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Award. Following creative differences during the development of a third season, Netflix cancelled Luke Cage on October 19, 2018; all of the Marvel Netflix series were removed from Netflix on March 1, 2022, after Disney regained the license for them. They began streaming on Disney+ from March 16. Premise When a sabotaged experiment gives him super strength and unbreakable skin, Luke Cage becomes a fugitive attempting to rebuild his life in Harlem and must soon confront his past and fight a battle for the heart of his city. After clearing his name, Cage becomes a hero and celebrity in Harlem, only to encounter a new threat that makes him confront the line between hero and villain. Cast and characters Main Mike Colter as Luke Cage: Former convict Carl Lucas was given superhuman strength and unbreakable skin, and now fights crime under the name Luke Cage. Colter portrayed the character differently in the series than he had previously in Jessica Jones, explaining, \\\"You're not always the same person around everyone you know ... you might not necessarily behave the same way around your mom that you would with your wife or your boss\\\". The character uses his signature catch phrase \\\"Sweet Christmas\\\" from the comics in the series, but sparingly, with the character often \\\"opting instead for pensive silence\\\"; composer Adrian Younge said, \\\"He's a black superhero, but he's a different type of black alpha male. He's not bombastic. You rarely see a modern\",\n \"title\": \"Luke Cage (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"31641732\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Good Cop Bad Dog\\\" is the 22nd episode of the American comedy television series Modern Family's second season and the 46th episode overall. The episode originally aired on May 11, 2011, on American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The episode was written by Abraham Higginbotham & Jeffrey Richman and was guest directed by former child star Fred Savage. It guest starred Lin-Manuel Miranda as Guillermo, the Grocery Store worker who tries to convince Jay to invest with him. In the episode, Jay advises a dog trainer, while Phil and Claire switch parenting duties to the kids' chagrin. Mitchell has an extra Lady Gaga ticket when Cameron ends up sick. The episode introduces the Pritchetts' new dog that will appear for the rest of the season and for a majority of the third. \\\"Good Cop Bad Dog\\\" received positive reviews from critics with many praising Ty Burrell's performance. The episode was viewed by more than 10 million viewers and received a 4.2 rating/11% share in the 18–49 demographic, marking an 8 percent rise in the ratings from the previous episode, \\\"Mother's Day\\\". The episode was also the highest-rated scripted program of the original week it aired among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. Burrell eventually received an Emmy for his performance in the episode. Plot In the Dunphy household, Alex (Ariel Winter) and Haley (Sarah Hyland) are furious at Manny (Rico Rodriguez) and Luke (Nolan Gould) for barging into their room while they were changing. This leads to their mother, Claire (Julie Bowen) to yell at them, while their dad, Phil (Ty Burrell) attempts to push himself away from Claire's anger behind her back. Annoyed, Claire confronts Phil about how he always makes her play the 'bad cop' role in their family and keeps the 'good cop' role for himself. He reluctantly agrees to switch roles with her. Claire takes Manny and Luke go-karting (although Phil had been quite keen to go), while Phil has to stay and make the girls clean their bathroom. The go-karting goes horribly as Claire, whilst trying to be fun, crashes her kart into the boys, and pushes them into ordering large quantities of food. While driving home, Luke gets sick from drinking a milkshake he hadn't even wanted. At home, Phil goes berserk when the girls lie to him about cleaning the bathroom and jumps on their car to stop them from leaving. He then forces them to clean both their bathroom and his, under his direct supervision, whilst duct-taping their laptops shut. That evening, Phil and Claire admit that they cannot handle each other's natural parent roles, and agree to go back to normal. Meanwhile, Gloria (Sofía Vergara) wants to help a grocery-store worker, Guillermo (Lin-Manuel Miranda), so she convinces Jay (Ed O'Neill) to let Guillermo pitch him a business idea: a dog-training system labeled \\\"The Good-doggy / Bad-doggy Training System\\\", which consists of two sets of dog treats, one of them being bland and the other a tastier one with bacon. The pitch\",\n \"title\": \"Good Cop Bad Dog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"34937504\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Egg Drop\\\" is the 12th episode of the third season of the American sitcom Modern Family, and the series' 60th episode overall. It was aired on January 11, 2012. The episode was written by Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh and directed by Jason Winer. Plot Luke (Nolan Gould) and Manny (Rico Rodriguez) have a school project where they have to find a way of how to drop an egg from a certain height and it will not break. They both struggle with it and when Manny tells Jay (Ed O'Neill) that Luke is going to nail the project because he is sure Claire (Julie Bowen) will help him. Jay calls Claire to make sure that she will not help Luke because it will be unfair. Claire, who was not planning to help, becomes convinced that Jay is helping Manny, and resolves to help Luke with his project. Phil (Ty Burrell) has a seminar about real estate and he needs Haley (Sarah Hyland) and Claire's help. Claire steps out asking him to find someone else to help because she has to help Luke with his project. Phil calls Gloria (Sofía Vergara) who immediately accepts. They all go to the place where the presentation is going to happen and rehearse Phil's speech and what everyone has to do. Haley is given the job of announcing Phil and placing a prize card under a chair while Gloria is expected to ask a loaded question as part of Phil's sales pitch. After the rehearsal, Gloria and Haley ask Phil to let them go for mani-pedis since they have time before the actual presentation. As they come out of the salon, Gloria and Haley find their car has been towed. Back at the seminar, things go disastrously for Phil; he awkwardly announces himself to the stage, Haley had forgotten to put the red card under a seat and without Gloria to set him up Phil stumbles through his prepared speech. When they get back, Phil is angry with Haley and Gloria. When he seems to back off when Gloria takes the full blame, Gloria gets mad herself at Phil always thinking more highly of her than she deserves, telling him this is not how families act. Phil tells Gloria how much she disappointed and embarrassed him, allowing the two to work through their issues. Meanwhile, Cam (Eric Stonestreet) and Mitch (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) welcome at their home a potential birth mother named Lindsay (Zoe Jarman). Lindsay seems impressed with the two of them, especially when she discovers that Cam is a musician. She asks them to sing something for her and the baby and when they do Lindsay makes a comment about Mitch being a better singer than Cam, as well as agreeing to let Mitch and Cam become the fathers of her baby. Offended by the singing comment, Cam later tries to prove that he is a good singer by singing \\\"If You Leave Me Now\\\". After the song ends, however, Lindsay changes her\",\n \"title\": \"Egg Drop\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"28583748\",\n \"text\": \"Sean Ringgold, (born November 3, 1977) is an American actor and former bodyguard. He is best known for his role as Shaun Evans on the ABC daytime drama One Life to Live, Junior on The Family Business and portraying Suge Knight in the Notorious B.I.G. biopic Notorious. He also had a cameo in American Gangster and the Smurfs movie. Previously, he has had parts in multiple hit television series such as CW television drama Gossip Girl and Ugly Betty. Ringgold also had featured roles in Orange is the New Black, Billions, the Netflix series, Luke Cage, as the gangster Sugar, and as Correctional Officer Huey Cornell on the ABC drama For Life. Early life Sean Ringgold was raised in Rockaway Beach, Queens, New York. For many years he was known as a New York State Arm Wrestling Champion. His fans may remember him as the, \\\"Rockaway Flash.\\\" When he wasn't working in the arm wrestling sector, Ringgold worked as a Protection Specialist for BET's 106 and Park. In 2009 after working with many A List celebrities, Ringgold decided to retire from the Body Guard industry and start his acting career. After being cast for the role of Shaun Evans, Ringgold got his break into acting on ABC's One Life To Live. Since then, he has had acting roles in numerous hit TV shows and Series including Netflix's Luke Cage, Billions, Orange Is the New Black, Shades of Blue, Gotham, Gossip Girl , multiple episodes of Law & Order and in multiple episodes of Lady in the Lake (TV series). Ringgold has also been featured in commercials for Budweiser, Burger King, Dr. Scholl's, Dunkin Donuts, Delta Airlines, Kia, Fiat 500 by Gucci, Pfizer Nexium, Nike, Time Warner Cable and Spike TV. Philanthropy Sitting on the Board of Directors, Ringgold works with the nonprofit organization Heartshare St. Vincent's, which provides training, employment, case management, individual and family support, as well as health care services, for children and adults with intellectual and developmental disorders. Ringgold has also lent his time and voice to support and speak on behalf of several other causes, including The Men's Health Summit for The Whittier Street Health Center, Get Reel with Your Dreams, The Island of Grenada, and Susan G. Komen for the Cure. References External links Sean Ringgold Official Website 1977 births African-American male actors American male film actors Male actors from Queens, New York American male soap opera actors American male television actors Living people 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people\",\n \"title\": \"Sean Ringgold\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"59859526\",\n \"text\": \"This is a list of supporting characters of Luke Cage and Iron Fist, appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Allies El Aguila – Mutant swashbuckler and costumed crime fighter. Noah Burstein – The scientist who gives Luke Cage his powers. Reva Connors - Reva Connors was friends with, and eventually started dating, Carl Lucas the man who would eventually become Luke Cage. Cage's former friend, Willis Stryker, was jealous of their romance and framed Cage with stolen drugs. When the Maggia came after Stryker, they inadvertently killed Connors. David \\\"D.W.\\\" Griffith – A theater owner and friend of Luke Cage. Jeryn Hogarth – Attorney and friend of Iron Fist's father. Jessica Jones – Wife and partner of Luke Cage Misty Knight – Frequent partner of Luke Cage and Iron Fist. Lei Kung – Taught martial arts to Iron Fist. Joy Meachum – Blamed Iron Fist for the death of her father, and later became an ally of his. Claire Temple – Doctor and friend of Luke Cage. Colleen Wing – Frequent partner of Luke Cage and Iron Fist. Yu-Ti – Immortal lord of K'un-L'un. Family Esther Lucas - Esther Lucas is the wife of James Lucas and the mother of James Lucas Jr. and Carl, the latter of whom would grow up to become Luke Cage. Despite loving Carl, she and her husband were also disappointed in his continuous run ins with the law and were embarrassed about having to bail him out. Esther was killed by one of Carl's gang members causing James and James Jr. to blame him. James Lucas - The father of Luke Cage. Heather Rand - Heather Duncan was a young wealthy socialite who met and fell in love with the mysterious Wendell Rand. The two married and Heather gave birth to Danny who would grow up to become Iron Fist. Wendell convinced Heather to bring Danny on their trip to the Himalayas. While there Wendell's business partner, Harold Meachum, kills Wendell claiming that he did it out of his love for Heather. Heather was sickened by his actions and was left for dead with Danny. While the two continued to venture towards K'un-L'un, they were attacked by a wolf pack with one of the wolves later becoming Ferocia. With nothing left to lose, Heather threw herself at the pack to save Danny giving up her life in the process. Heather found herself in Feng-Tu, the K'un-L'un afterlife. Startled by the realization that her husband was not from Earth, Heather fled until she found herself confronted by Dhasha Khan who transformed her into the Silver Dragon and was forced to fight her now grown up son. When Danny realized he was fighting his mother, Heather resisted and was incinerated by Khan. Later, Danny was able to free her mother's soul from Khan and she returned to Feng-Tu Later when Danny was on death's door, he is reunited with his parents who inform him that his time is not up and that they\",\n \"title\": \"List of Luke Cage and Iron Fist supporting characters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7109072\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Every Man for Himself\\\" is the fourth episode of the third season of the American drama television series Lost, and the 53rd episode overall. It was directed by Stephen Williams and written by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz. It first aired on ABC in the United States on October 25, 2006. The character of Sawyer (Josh Holloway) is featured in the episode's flashbacks; on the island, his rebellious attitude causes Ben Linus (Michael Emerson) and the Others to conjure a plan to keep him in check. \\\"Every Man for Himself\\\" was intended to show how Ben was a character that could manipulate even the best confidence man on the island, and if Sawyer could care for another person, as Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) is making her attempts to escape captivity. When the episode first aired, it was watched by 17.09 million American viewers. Reviews were polarized; some critics praised the writing and the cliffhanger ending, while others deemed the episode repetitive and the \\\"outright stinker\\\" of season 3's early episodes. Plot Flashbacks Sawyer is in prison, trying to befriend Munson (Ian Gomez), a man who has hidden ten million dollars. He warns Munson that the warden (Bill Duke) is trying to con him out of his money. Eventually, Munson, worried that his wife will find where he has hidden the money, enlists Sawyer's help in moving the stash. Sawyer then reveals this information to the warden in exchange for a reduced sentence and a part of the money, which he puts in a bank account for Clementine Phillips, a baby that previous con victim Cassidy Phillips (Kim Dickens) has told him is his daughter. The warden sarcastically congratulates Sawyer on lying and cheating his way out of prison. At Hydra Island As Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) and Sawyer watch, the Others carry a critically injured Colleen (Paula Malcomson), who was shot by Sun-Hwa Kwon (Yunjin Kim) the night before. Sawyer realizes that the injury was inflicted by someone back at camp, and then devises a plan to break out from the cage; he intends to electrocute an off-guard Danny Pickett (Michael Bowen) using a puddle he created outside his cage. However, Ben Linus (Michael Emerson) overhears him via surveillance and switches off the electricity prior to visiting him. When Sawyer attempts to carry out his plan, Ben knocks him unconscious and has him carried into the Hydra station. Sawyer wakes up to find himself strapped to a table, where Ben, Tom (M. C. Gainey) and two other Others watch over him. Sawyer is gagged before having a large hypodermic needle inserted into his chest. When Sawyer awakens, Ben and Tom come in, Tom carrying a rabbit in a cage; he shakes the cage vigorously, causing the rabbit to suddenly collapse, presumably dead. Ben informs Sawyer that they fitted him, like the rabbit, with a modified pacemaker; should his heart rate reach 140, his heart would explode. Ben threatens to implant one in Kate if Sawyer should tell her of his\",\n \"title\": \"Every Man for Himself (Lost)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20365813\",\n \"text\": \"Mike Benson is an American comic book and television writer and showrunner. Career Benson worked as a writer and co-executive producer on The Bernie Mac Show and Entourage with his writing and producing partner Marc Abrams. In 2006, Benson and Abrams founded their own production company Catapult 360, which signed a two-year deal with Universal Media Studios to develop and produce drama, comedy and reality programming. In 2009, the company was reported to produce Scar Tissue with Anthony Kiedis for HBO, based on the book of the same name. Benson has also written for comics, where his credits include short stories about Punisher, Wolverine and Shang-Chi, a year-long run on Moon Knight, and a Luke Cage mini-series for the Marvel Noir line. Filmography Local Heroes (1996) The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer (1998) Big Wolf on Campus (2000) The Bernie Mac Show (2001–2006) Entourage: \\\"One Day in the Valley\\\" (2006) \\\"Strange Days\\\" (2006) \\\"Manic Monday\\\" (2007) Bibliography Marvel Comics The Punisher vol. 7 Annual #1: \\\"The Hunted\\\" (with Laurence Campbell, Marvel MAX, 2007) collected in Punisher MAX: The Complete Collection Volume 5 (tpb, 504 pages, 2017, ) Moon Knight vol. 2 (with issues #14–19 scripted by Benson from plots by Charlie Huston; art by Javier Saltares, Mark Texeira, Mike Deodato Jr. (#20) and Jefte Palo (#26–30), 2008–2009) collected as: God and Country (collects #14–20, hc, 184 pages, 2008, ; tpb, 2008, ) The Death of Marc Spector (collects #21–25, hc, 152 pages, 2009, ; tpb, 2009, ) Down South (collects #26–30, hc, 120 pages, 2009, ; tpb, 2009, ) Moon Knight by Huston, Benson and Hurwitz Omnibus (includes #14–30, hc, 1,184 pages, 2022, ) Wolverine: Chop Shop (with Roland Boschi, one-shot, 2009) collected in Wolverine: Flies to a Spider (tpb, 112 pages, 2009, ) Deadpool: Deadpool: Suicide Kings (hc, 152 pages, 2009, ; tpb, 2009, ) collects: Deadpool: Games of Death (with Shawn Crystal, one-shot, 2009) Deadpool: Suicide Kings #1–5 (with Carlo Barberi; issues #3–5 are co-written by Benson and Adam Glass, 2009) Deadpool vol. 2 #900: \\\"Shrunken Master\\\" (with Damion Scott, co-feature, 2009) collected in Deadpool: Dead Head Redemption (tpb, 240 pages, 2011, ) Deadpool Team-Up #898: \\\"Bring Me the Head of Mickey Dobbs\\\" (with Carlo Barberi, 2009) collected in Deadpool Team-Up: Good Buddies (hc, 176 pages, 2010, ; tpb, 2010, ) Deadpool Pulp #1–4 (co-written by Benson and Adam Glass, art by Laurence Campbell, 2010–2011) collected as Deadpool Pulp (hc, 112 pages, 2011, ; tpb, 2011, ) Luke Cage: Luke Cage Noir #1–4 (co-written by Benson and Adam Glass, art by Shawn Martinbrough, 2009–2010) collected as Luke Cage Noir (hc, 112 pages, 2010, ; tpb, 2010, ) Avengers Origins: Luke Cage (co-written by Benson and Adam Glass, art by Dalibor Talajić, one-shot, 2012) collected in Avengers: Mythos (hc, 208 pages, 2012, ; tpb, 2013, ) Shang-Chi: Shang-Chi, Master of Kung Fu: Black and White: \\\"Once Upon a Time in Wan Chai\\\" (with Tomm Coker and C. P. Smith, anthology one-shot, 2009) Deadly Hands of Kung Fu vol. 2\",\n \"title\": \"Mike Benson (screenwriter)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"52153124\",\n \"text\": \"David \\\"D.W.\\\" Griffith is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is depicted as an ally of Luke Cage. The character was portrayed by Jeremiah Richard Craft in the television series Luke Cage set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Publication history The character, created by Archie Goodwin and George Tuska, first appeared in Hero for Hire #2 (Aug. 1972). Fictional character biography He operated the Gem Theater and rented out a room for Luke Cage when he needed a place to stay. Despite the theater being a constant source of destruction, Griffith remained a faithful friend to Cage mostly because he considered him his only friend. Griffith was also a film student and wanted to produce his own production company. When it seemed that he was going nowhere, Griffith attempted to commit suicide, but a mysterious stranger, implied to be Moon Knight, convinced him not to do himself in and be happy. His theater was used a base for the Mighty Avengers. In other media Dave Griffith makes a recurring appearance on Luke Cage played by Jeremiah Richard Craft. He is black, as opposed to Caucasian like in the comics, and is usually seen on the streets attempting to sell bootleg recordings of \\\"The Incident\\\". Cage approached him on the street and asked that he use his eyes to inform him about the goings on. Despite some reluctance, Dave gave in, acting as an informant. He appears in the episode \\\"You Know My Steez\\\", filming the street fight between Cage and Willis Stryker. He returns in season 2 where he has set up a Luke Cage merchandise store within Pop's Barber Shop, much to Cage and Bobby Fish's chagrin. He follows Cage around by using the Harlem's Hero app and films his many exploits. Following Cage's defeat at the hands of Bushmaster, Griffith begins selling tapes of the fight, despite still admitting support for Cage. Griffith is also present when Danny Rand arrives to visit Cage and he even gets to see him briefly use his powers. While at a party, Griffith and his girlfriend Aisha Axton witness two friends of theirs reacting violently to a drug labeled 'Bushmaster' and inform Cage. When Cage makes a bid to act as the \\\"sheriff\\\" of Harlem, Griffith voices his concern. He ultimately decides to use the money he earned from his Luke Cage gift shop to buy Pop's Barber Shop stating that Harlem needs a Switzerland. He is last seen putting a \\\"Help Wanted\\\" sign up on the window. References External links David Griffith at the Comic Book DB Characters created by Archie Goodwin (comics) Characters created by George Tuska Comics characters introduced in 1972 Luke Cage\",\n \"title\": \"David Griffith (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51959374\",\n \"text\": \"Benjamin \\\"Big Ben\\\" Donovan is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Depending on his appearance in the comics, he can be depicted as either a lawyer or a criminal who has appeared in the comics that starred Daredevil and Luke Cage. Donovan was portrayed by Danny Johnson in the Marvel Television series Daredevil and Luke Cage, set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Publication history Big Ben Donovan first appeared in Luke Cage, Hero for Hire #14 and was created by Steve Engelhart and Billy Graham. Fictional character biography Big Ben Donovan is a large man and a lawyer that is close to in height. Mrs. Jenks hired him to settle the last of Mr. Jenks' affairs. When Mrs. Jenks would be giving Big Ben Donovan the payoff, he drunkly went after Mrs. Jenks who ran to the office of Luke Cage. This led to a fight between Luke Cage and Big Ben Donovan which ended with Big Ben Donovan surrendering upon the misunderstanding being cleared up. Big Ben Donovan agreed to help Luke Cage out in any way. Big Ben Donovan later witnessed Mrs. Jenks' confession of killing a reporter named Phil Fox (who was actually killed by Billy Bob Rackham). He then informed Luke Cage about Mrs. Jenks' confession before she died. Big Ben Donovan acted as Claire Temple's lawyer in order to clear her of the murder charge. He then continued working as Luke Cage's lawyer until he started working with Jeryn Hogarth. Big Ben Donovan had a brother named Paul who just became the leader of the Thunderbolts Gang where they made the mistake of fighting the Maggia for control of their turf. After his brother was killed in prison by operatives of the Maggia, Big Ben Donovan's sanity broke where he vowed vengeance on those responsible starting with Assistant District Attorney William Carver's brother Lonnie. During the struggle with William Carver, a sniper tried to shoot them at Lonnie Carver's funeral only to end up orchestrating the event that turned Bill Carver into Thunderbolt. Then Big Ben Donovan hijacked a Maggia shipment that was under the supervision of Caesar Cicero. When Big Ben Donovan turned to Luke Cage for help, they defeated Caesar Cicero's men before being defeated by Man Mountain Marko who brought them to Caesar Cicero. Before Caesar Cicero's men could bury Luke Cage alive, Iron Fist and Thunderbolt arrived to help Luke Cage and Big Ben Donovan. Upon Thunderbolt realizing that Big Ben Donovan had Lonnie Carver killed, Thunderbolt removed his mask and advanced towards Big Ben Donovan as Luke Cage emerged from the ground to intervene. Before Thunderbolt died of his powers' side effects that aged him to an old man, he was happy that he now knows who killed his brother. Big Ben Donovan later came under the employ of Tombstone at the time when Tombstone was working for the Serbian Black Maria Gang. When the \\\"Marvel Knights\\\" investigated the criminal activity, Tombstone sent\",\n \"title\": \"Big Ben Donovan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1614892\",\n \"text\": \"Three characters have taken the moniker of the supervillain Chemistro appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Publication history The Curtis Carr version of Chemistro first appeared in Luke Cage, Hero for Hire #12 and was created by writer Steve Englehart and artist George Tuska. The Archibald Morton version of Chemistro first appeared in Power Man #37 and was created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist Ron Wilson. The Calvin Carr version of Chemistro first appeared in Power Man and Iron Fist #93 and was created by writer Kurt Busiek and artist Ernie Chan. Fictional character biography Curtis Carr Curtis Carr was born in Kansas City, Kansas. While working as a chemist and research scientist for Mainstream Motors, he created an \\\"alchemy gun\\\" capable of transmuting matter from one form to another by an unknown process. Company president Horace Claymore was impressed until Curtis voiced his intent to keep the device. Claymore argued that since the gun was made on company time, it belonged to Mainstream. When Claymore fired him, Curtis adopted the persona of Chemistro to gain revenge and to extort his former employers. In combat with Luke Cage, Chemistro accidentally fired his alchemy gun at his right foot, turning it to steel and eventually disintegrating it due to the unstable nature of the transmutation. Carr was turned over to the police, and in prison was beaten by his cellmate Arch Morton into revealing how the alchemy gun worked. Morton took on the Chemistro persona, and Carr invented a \\\"nullifier\\\" device which enabled Cage to defeat Morton. Curtis's alchemy gun was later stolen by his younger brother Calvin, who became the third Chemistro. Curtis aided Cage and Iron Fist in defeating Calvin. Later, Curtis came to work at a division of Stark Enterprises as a research scientist and Director of Research and Development at Stark Prosthetics in Denver, Colorado, creating a prosthesis to replace his missing foot. Stark Prosthetics ended up attacked by the Wrecker during the \\\"Acts of Vengeance\\\" storyline when the Kingpin sent him to attack Iron Man. Curtis aided Iron Man and Jim Rhodes against the Wrecker and Calvin, although Calvin destroyed Curtis' left foot, forcing him to build another prostheses. Archibald Morton Archibald \\\"Arch\\\" Morton was born in Sheridan, Wyoming, and became a professional criminal and was sent to prison. He forced Curtis Carr to reveal the secret of his alchemy gun while they were cellmates. Upon leaving prison, Morton attempted to replicate the alchemy gun, but it exploded in his hand, granting him superhuman powers and enabling him to transmute substances via touch. He battled Luke Cage on behalf of the Baron. Morton was ultimately apprehended, thanks in large part to the help of the original Chemistro. Calvin Carr Curtis' younger brother Calvin Carr stole the alchemy gun and took the Chemistro name. He embarked on a criminal career and battled Luke Cage and Iron Fist. Curtis intervened, and helped the heroes foil his brother's plans. Calvin's alchemy gun was turned into\",\n \"title\": \"Chemistro\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1826591\",\n \"text\": \"Our Little Corner of the World: Music from Gilmore Girls is a 2002 soundtrack release from Rhino Records for The WB's Gilmore Girls. The album is a combination of selections from the score composed by Sam Phillips and the music of other musicians heard, mostly, during the first two seasons of the show. Also included on the album is the new version of \\\"Where You Lead\\\" by Carole King and her daughter Louise Goffin, a snippet of which serves as the theme song for the show. The album was originally scheduled for release on September 24, 2002 to coincide with the premiere of the third season however it was delayed for one week, until October 1, 2002. In her review of the album, Heather Phares of Allmusic said, \\\"Our Little Corner of the World is almost too good to be true, and one of the best television soundtracks released in recent memory.\\\" Noel Holston of the Long Island, New York newspaper Newsday found that for the selection of rock-pop songs, \\\"It's not appreciably better than the new Scrubs CD or the 1999 companion to Felicity\\\" however with the interspersed compositions from Sam Philips, \\\"It knits together like a bright teen's daydream.\\\" Mary Jacobi of The Village Voice noted that, \\\"Many tunes recall Rory's early romance with the reliable Dean and the confusion inspired by his bad-boy rival, Jess.\\\" Jacobi concluded by noting that, \\\"The Palladinos remember the first kiss, and they know how important it is to get the music right this time.\\\" Track listing \\\"Waltz #1 (Cue)\\\" – Sam Phillips (0:14) \\\"What a Wonderful World\\\" – Joey Ramone (2:21) Season 2, Episode 15, \\\"Lost and Found\\\"; plays when Luke knocks a hole in his apartment wall for Jess to have his own room. \\\"Child Psychology\\\" – Black Box Recorder (4:05) Season 1, Episode 19, \\\"Emily in Wonderland\\\"; the song Lane brings over that Rory likes because it makes her feel gloomy. \\\"Know Your Onion!\\\" – The Shins (2:27) Season 2, Episode 7, \\\"Like Mother, Like Daughter\\\"; the song Rory was listening to at lunch during the start of the episode when the Chilton guidance counselor interrupts her. \\\"I Found Love\\\" – The Free Design (2:40) Season 2, Episode 1, \\\"Sadie, Sadie\\\"; plays as the start as the Gilmore Girls walk around Stars Hollow where everybody has one of Lorelai's thousand daisies. \\\"Car Song\\\" – Elastica (2:25) Season 2, Episode 19, \\\"Teach Me Tonight\\\"; plays right before the Jess and Rory get into the car accident. \\\"Oh My Love\\\" – John Lennon (2:41) Season 1, Episode 16, \\\"Star-Crossed Lovers and Other Strangers\\\"; the song is playing when Dean tells Rory \\\"I love you\\\" and she says nothing. \\\"Getting Married (Cue)\\\" – Sam Phillips (0:29) \\\"Where You Lead I Will Follow\\\" – Carole King & daughter Louise Goffin (3:26) The theme song for the series. \\\"Clear Spot\\\" – the Pernice Brothers (2:20) At the time of the album release, had not yet been played on the show, but the group did\",\n \"title\": \"Our Little Corner of the World: Music from Gilmore Girls\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"29589647\",\n \"text\": \"Unbearable is the fifth in a series of collections of short stories by Australian author Paul Jennings. It was first released in 1990. Half of season 2 of Round The Twist were adaptions of the short stories in this book. The stories Licked A boy who has bad table manners is often criticised by his father during meals. But when a visitor comes for tea, the father has made a promise not to talk about his son's faults, despite the fact that his son tries to make him crack and performs them in the worst ways possible. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist, was one of two adaptions to be combined into one episode. Little Black Balls A girl tells her mother the story of how she helped one of her friends, who is called the \\\"paper-man\\\" and likes watching the clouds and has many animals for friends, with an operation, and how she lost one of his jewels to a goat. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist, was one of two adaptions to be combined into one episode. Only Gilt A boy goes to school wearing a bird cage on his head. He explains to his teacher that it is a self-imposed punishment because he blames himself for the murder of his girlfriend's budgerigar, only to find out that the budgerigar had already died before the boy's dog played around with it. The only short story from this book not to be adapted into an episode of Round the Twist. Next Time Around A boy gains the ability to hypnotise chickens. He later tries it on his best friend, then takes it to the next level by making his best friend remember his past life, but with disastrous consequences. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist. Nails A boy gets stranded on an island with his father. But he has three other problems: one, he has never seen his mother; two, he is forced to watch his father die; and three, he has nails growing all over him. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist. Yuggles A boy enters a mushroom-picking competition to win a large Easter egg for his sick little sister. But all his mushrooms except one get stolen, and that one mushroom has the ability to change shape and scare off mean people. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist. Grandad's Gifts A boy finds a dead fox in a cupboard in his bedroom. But when he gets a call to pick lemons from his lemon tree and give them to the fox, it seems to come back to life. Was later adapted as an episode of Round The Twist, and also re-published as a picture book with added illustrations. Smelly Feat A boy who has no sense of smell decides to wear his socks for three straight months, believing that doing so will cause nearby people to fall\",\n \"title\": \"Unbearable (short story collection)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"53661921\",\n \"text\": \"Instant Hotel is an Australian reality television series which began airing on the Seven Network on 7 November 2017. The series follows homeowners who have transformed their homes into hotels and are individually judged by each other to receive the highest scores with the winner to win an ultimate prize. The series is produced by the creators of Seven reality shows My Kitchen Rules and House Rules and the first season was hosted by Luke Jacobz. In November 2017, the series was renewed for a second season which aired in 2019. In December 2018, Seven announced Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen would replace Luke Jacobz as host in 2019. The second season aired on 11 February 2019. Netflix distributed the show internationally between 2018 and 2023. Format changes The first season contained two groups of five with the highest from each group going head to head in the grand final. The second season contained only four pairs of contestants with the highest two teams going head to head in the grand final. The prize for the first season was an all-expense-paid stay at a Californian Instant Hotel. The prize for the second season was $100,000. Series details Season 1 Teams Season One Details Instant Hotel Rounds Over two rounds, each team scored each other out of ten based on the house, location/nearby attractions, value for money, and quality of a good night's sleep. Series judge, Juliet Ashworth, also scored each team out of ten based on the quality of the house. In a twist, the hotel owners also scored the contestants overall on their stay as houseguests, which also went towards their final scores. The team that scored the highest at the end of each round went to the Grand Final. Round 1 Episodes 1 to 5 Air date — 7 to 14 November Description — The first of the two instant hotel groups are introduced into the competition in Round 1. The highest scoring team at the end of this round will go through to Grand Final. Round 2 Episodes 6 to 10 Air date — 15 to 27 November Description — The second of the two instant hotel groups are introduced into the competition in Round 2. The highest scoring team at the end of this round will go through to Grand Final. Grand Final Episodes 11 & 12 Air date — 28 to 29 November Description — Four eliminated contestants (two from each round) and the opposite grand finalist each stay at the house of one of the grand finalist. Each grand finalist made changes to their homes based on the comments from contestants in their round. The teams voted as a group on each criterion, being the value for money (VFM), location (L), night's sleep (NS), and the house (H). Juliet however did not score of night's sleep, instead scoring on how well they changed their home (CTH). The team that scored the highest were announced as the winners and received an all-expense-paid stay at an instant hotel in\",\n \"title\": \"Instant Hotel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"52269720\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"We Are Number One\\\" is a song from the English-language Icelandic children's television series LazyTown, composed by Máni Svavarsson. The song was featured in the twelfth episode of the show's fourth season, entitled \\\"Robbie's Dream Team\\\", which is the 76th episode overall. While the song was released in 2014, the song gained significant online popularity in late 2016 and became common among internet memes and comical remixes, especially in support of the lead singer, Stefán Karl Stefánsson (Robbie Rotten), who had been diagnosed with bile duct cancer and died on 21 August 2018. Music video The music video is composed of clips from the LazyTown episode \\\"Robbie's Dream Team\\\". Robbie Rotten, the primary antagonist of LazyTown, attempts to teach his \\\"dream team\\\" of villainous accomplices (three fictional doppelgänger actors for children's parties, named Bobbie, Tobbie, and Flobbie Rotten) how to successfully catch a superhero, specifically Sportacus. Robbie demonstrates different methods to his team: an overhead cage attached to a tree, a trapping pit, a large butterfly net, a false apple containing enough sugar to render the sugar-averse Sportacus unconscious, a somewhat small fishing net, and banana peels intended to cause Sportacus to slip while running. Almost all methods backfire, resulting in either Robbie or his team falling into the traps. The sugar apple is an effective trick, successfully fainting Sportacus and giving Robbie and his team a chance to put him in a portable cage. Robbie's three teammates relocate the trapped Sportacus to Robbie's underground headquarters while Robbie stays on the surface to set up a cannon, revealed in the full episode to be the way Robbie intends to run Sportacus out of town. His plans are thwarted when Stephanie and Stingy open the base's periscope and use its cylindrical interior to transport a real apple to Sportacus. The apple rolls towards the cage undetected by the now-sleeping Bobbie, Tobbie, and Flobbie. Sportacus regains consciousness, eats the apple, and regains his power lost to the sugar apple. He then uses his reclaimed strength to break free from the cage and coax his three captors to play sports with him on the surface of LazyTown. Robbie watches as his previous companions play sports with Sportacus. Outraged, he walks towards them and kicks a bucket, which hits and triggers Robbie's cannon, blasting him away from the scene on the cannonball. The video ends with Bobbie, Tobbie, and Flobbie accidentally falling into the trapping pit constructed to capture Sportacus, reinforcing for a final time the clumsiness of the team. The music video was officially uploaded on Lazy Town YouTube channel on 25 July 2015, and has gained more than 153 million views as of January 2024. History The song originally had the working title called \\\"Villain Number One\\\" before it was changed to \\\"We Are Number One\\\". During production there were many lyrics that were cut from the final version. These lyrics first surfaced to the public when it was revealed by Máni during the live stream that Stefán held on Facebook on\",\n \"title\": \"We Are Number One\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"43954597\",\n \"text\": \"Too Bright is the third album by American singer Perfume Genius, released on September 23, 2014. The album reached number 77 on the UK Albums chart and peaked at number 83 in the United States. Critical reception Too Bright has received critical acclaim. Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, gave the album an average score of 87, which indicates \\\"universal acclaim\\\". Brandon Stosuy of Pitchfork gave the album a very positive review, stating, \\\"A huge part of what makes the work so strong is the generous human spirit that bleeds into it, and Too Bright is the best example to date of the lengths he goes to confront his fears and demons. These songs feel less like songs and more like treasures, ones that fill you with power and wisdom, and as a result, Too Bright seems capable of resonating with, comforting, and moving anyone who's ever felt alienated, discriminated against, or \\\"other-ized,\\\" regardless of sexual orientation.\\\" The album was given a score of 8.5 and was titled Best New Music. Artwork The album artwork was shot by Luke Gilford and it showcases an androgynous Perfume Genius. It would encompass a bold and proud theme throughout Too Bright. Conception and development In an interview for Refinery29, Perfume Genius said, \\\"I don’t know, for a long time I had been kind of constantly seeking reassurance and acceptance all over the place, and wanting to be taken seriously but waiting for someone else to do it for me, do you know what I mean?.” He explains that this was a more serious approach to making this album. Too Bright further explores topics on sexuality, empowerment, and queer identity. Track listing Personnel Main personnel Mike Hadreas – vocals, piano (1, 4, 6, 10), synth (3, 7, 9, 10), keyboards (2, 8), gong (5), handclaps (8), wurlitzer (11), composer, additional recording Adrian Utley – synth (2, 3, 5, 7, 8), bass guitar (2, 3, 5, 11), guitar (1, 11), winebox (5), fuzz bass (7), handclaps (8), engineer, mixing, producer Alan Wyffels – synth (3, 4, 8, 10), keyboards (2, 5), piano (6) Jim Barr – double bass (3, 4, 6) Herve Becart – drums (3, 5, 8) Ross Hughes – bass clarinet (3, 4, 10), saxophone (7) John Parish – drums (2, 7, 8, 11), shaker (5) Additional personnel Greg Calbi – mastering Ali Chant – engineer, mixing, producer, handclaps (8) Alison Fielding – design Luke Gilford – photography Charts Pop culture \\\"Too Bright\\\" was featured on the ABC legal drama How to Get Away with Murder's second season finale. \\\"Queen\\\" was featured in the season one episode \\\"eps1.3_da3m0ns.mp4\\\" and season four episode \\\"Hello, Elliot\\\" of the USA Network television series Mr. Robot. \\\"Queen\\\" was featured on the Hulu television series The Great in the season two episode titled \\\"Heads It's Me\\\". \\\"Queen\\\" was also featured as the closing song for HBO series \\\"Vice Principals\\\" Season 2 episode \\\"Think Change\\\". References 2014 albums Perfume Genius albums Matador\",\n \"title\": \"Too Bright\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"52011683\",\n \"text\": \"The second season of the American science fiction western television series Westworld (subtitled The Door) premiered on HBO on April 22, 2018, and concluded on June 24, 2018, consisting of ten episodes. The television series was created by Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy, and it is based on the 1973 film of the same name, written and directed by Michael Crichton. The second season stars an ensemble cast led by Evan Rachel Wood, Thandiwe Newton, Jeffrey Wright, James Marsden, Tessa Thompson, and Ed Harris. The second season has received positive reviews from critics, with particular praise for the performances. However, it received criticism for its plot, which was said to be confusing. Plot summary After killing Dr. Ford at the end of season one, Dolores converts and leads the other hosts in killing many of the other guests in the few weeks that follow. She seeks to find a way to get out of the park to continue her revenge, and knows she must recover her father Peter's \\\"pearl\\\" to do so and unlock Westworld's true secrets with it. Charlotte Hale, who was attempting to smuggle Westworld data through Peter, also seeks the host as she cannot call for extraction without that data. Bernard still struggles with the fact he is a host, and comes to learn that Dr. Ford still has significant influence on him and the park. Maeve is aided by Lee and Hector to find her daughter, while learning there are many other parks to Westworld. The Man in Black is forced to come to terms with why he has spent so much time in the park when he encounters his daughter Emily Grace. Cast and characters Main Evan Rachel Wood as Dolores Abernathy Thandiwe Newton as Maeve Millay Jeffrey Wright as Bernard Lowe / Arnold Weber James Marsden as Theodore \\\"Teddy\\\" Flood Tessa Thompson as Charlotte Hale Fares Fares as Antoine Costa Luke Hemsworth as Ashley Stubbs Louis Herthum as Peter Abernathy Simon Quarterman as Lee Sizemore Talulah Riley as Angela Rodrigo Santoro as Hector Escaton Gustaf Skarsgård as Karl Strand Ed Harris as William the Man in Black Ingrid Bolsø Berdal as Armistice Clifton Collins Jr. as Lawrence Gonzales Angela Sarafyan as Clementine Pennyfeather Katja Herbers as Emily Grace Shannon Woodward as Elsie Hughes Anthony Hopkins as Robert Ford Zahn McClarnon as Akecheta Recurring Betty Gabriel as Maling Jasmyn Rae as Maeve's Daughter Jimmi Simpson as young William Ben Barnes as Logan Delos / The Forge Peter Mullan as James Delos Jonathan Tucker as Major Craddock Izabella Alvarez as Lawrence's Daughter / Robert Ford Patrick Cage as Phil Leonardo Nam as Felix Lutz Ptolemy Slocum as Sylvester Martin Sensmeier as Wanahton Tao Okamoto as Hanaryo Rebecca Henderson as Goldberg Aaron Fili as Roland Guest Steven Ogg as Rebus Christopher May as Blaine Bellamy David Midthunder as Takoda Oliver Bell as Little Boy / Robert Ford Giancarlo Esposito as New El Lazo / Robert Ford Paul Riley Fox as young Robert Ford Neil Jackson as Nicholas\",\n \"title\": \"Westworld season 2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"68862021\",\n \"text\": \"Hard Times 2 was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event promoted by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). It took place on December 4, 2021, in Atlanta, Georgia, at the GPB Studios. It is the second event in the Hard Times chronology. Production Storylines The event featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. The sixth season of the NWA's weekly flagship program, Power, featured storylines leading up to the event. For weeks, Melina has been lobbying to get a match for the NWA World Women's Championship against Kamille. After many denials and sneak attacks, Melina won a three-way match on the October 26 EmPowerrr edition of Power, defeating Chelsea Green and Kylie Rae to earn her title match with Kamille at Hard Times. After Austin Idol cost him an NWA World Television Championship #1 contender's match, Cyon, the NWA's masked mystery man, continued to demand a title match against Idol's main charge Tyrus. On October 27, it was officially announced that Tyrus will defend the television title against Cyon, using his title shot he earned by being on the winning team of the Champions Series, at Hard Times. On November 19, when NWA President Billy Corgan was running down the card for Hard Times, he revealed Tyrus request the match have no time limit and no disqualifications. To help balance this out, Corgan instilled The Pope - who Tyrus defeated to win the championship - as special guest referee. Since the September 7 episode of Power, an NWA World Tag Team Championship Eliminator tournament has been taking place, with the winners getting a shot against champions La Rebelión (Bestia 666 and Mecha Wolf 450) at Hard Times. The finals will take place on the November 16 episode of PowerrrSurge, where The End (Odinson and Parrow) defeated Hawx Aerie (Luke Hawx and PJ Hawx) to advance to Hard Times. After By Any Means Necessary, NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion Trevor Murdoch was having a fan photo shoot inside a steel cage. However, the session was soon interrupted when Mike Knox appeared and attacked Murdoch, locking him and himself in the cage before battering Murdoch with a steel chair. He later would hold up the title over a crowd of wrestlers and Billy Corgan, making his title intentions clear. On November 11, Knox sent in a video, not seeing Murdoch as a true champion and that he's not half the man that his mentor Harley Race ever was. He eventually announced that he would make an appearance at Hard Times. Two days later, Murdoch sent a response to Knox, and demanded Billy Corgan and the NWA Board of Directors make a title match between him and Knox at Hard Times. The match would finally be set by the NWA on November 15 for the main event of Hard Times. At NWA 73, Judais\",\n \"title\": \"NWA Hard Times 2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51061352\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"O Brother Where Art Thou?\\\" is the 9th episode and midseason finale of the paranormal drama television series Supernaturals season 11, and the 227th overall. The episode was written by Eugenie Ross-Leming & Brad Buckner and directed by Robert Singer. It was first broadcast on December 9, 2015, on The CW. In the episode, Sam decides to go with Crowley to Hell to face Lucifer in the Cage for answers about the Darkness while Dean meets with Amara, who is unleashing her power upon the world. The episode received positive reviews with critics praising the shocking ending but some noted God's absence. Plot Amara (Emily Swallow) kills a group of preachers in a park in an attempt to lure God. Sam (Jared Padalecki) is still trying to convince Dean (Jensen Ackles) to return to the Cage, stating that he can know how to kill the Darkness. They contact Crowley (Mark A. Sheppard) who may know how to enter. He decides to use a spell from the Book of the Damned as a way to neutralize Lucifer from leaving the Cage. He captures Rowena (Ruth Connell) so she can translate it with their supervision. Dean investigates the killings and deduces Amara is responsible. While walking through a park, Dean encounters Amara. She transports them to an isolated land where they talk and she states that she killed the preachers so God could face her. Sam, Crowley and Rowena go through Hell, reaching the Cage point. Rowena prepares a ritual and the Cage emerges from the dark, revealing Lucifer (Mark Pellegrino) inside. He seems to be an expert about the Darkness and knows how to stop it, but only if Sam accepts to be his vessel again. Meanwhile, Dean attempts to kill Amara with the angel blade onto her but it shatters. Amara says he can't resist and they kiss. Soon, low-level angels arrive to escort Amara to Heaven for trial, otherwise, the angels in Heaven will unleash a powerful thunder. She kills all of them and transports Dean back to the park as the angels release the thunder onto her. In Hell, the Cage begins to lose the effect of the spell and Sam is immediately transported to the Cage. While Crowley stares in shock and confusion, Rowena tells them they need to leave. Lucifer reveals to Sam that he was in fact the one who gave him the visions and all the messages, not God. It was just a way to bring him to the Cage as the only way out is being his vessel. Reception Viewers The episode was watched by 1.90 million viewers with a 0.7/2 share among adults aged 18 to 49. This was a 5% decrease in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 2.00 million viewers from a 0.9/3 share in the 18-49 demographics. 0.7 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 2 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. Supernatural ranked as the second most\",\n \"title\": \"O Brother Where Art Thou? (Supernatural)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"27621733\",\n \"text\": \"Caffe Reggio is a New York City coffeehouse first opened in 1927 at 119 Macdougal Street in the heart of Manhattan's Greenwich Village. Italian cappuccino was introduced in America by the founder of Caffe Reggio, Domenico Parisi, in the early 1920s. Inside the cafe, against the back wall, there is still the original espresso machine, made in 1902, that Domenico Parisi bought with his savings when he opened the cafe in 1927. This cafe was also one of the first American cafes to sell a cappuccino. The Caffe Reggio has been featured in many movies, including The Godfather Part II, Next Stop, Greenwich Village, The Kremlin Letter, Shaft, Serpico, The Next Man, In Good Company, Inside Llewyn Davis, The Sun Is Also a Star and others. Caffe Reggio is mentioned in the Luke Cage season 2 episode \\\"They Reminisce Over You\\\". Many celebrities have been spotted or photographed in this location. In 1959, presidential hopeful John F. Kennedy made a speech outside the coffee shop. In 2010, the cafe was honored with a Village Award by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation for its status as a beloved and essential part of the neighborhood. Caffe Reggio has a bench from a palazzo of the Florentine Medici family of Renaissance fame. The bench is not roped off and guests can sit on it and admire a painting from an artist of the school of Caravaggio. References External links \\\"Photos: Visiting Caffe Reggio, A Timeless Classic In A Changing Greenwich Village\\\" by Jen Carlson, Gothamist, December 8, 2014 Caffee Reggio in films; a photo of Al Pacino at Caffe Reggio by Annie Leibovitz Coffeehouses and cafés in Manhattan 1927 establishments in New York City Espresso Drinking establishments in Greenwich Village Italian-American culture in New York City\",\n \"title\": \"Caffe Reggio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4690987\",\n \"text\": \"Jason Von Flue (born August 1, 1975) is a former American mixed martial artist who appeared on the second season of The Ultimate Fighter. A professional competitor since 1999, he has competed for the UFC, WEC, Strikeforce and King of the Cage. In 2006, at UFC Ultimate Fight Night 3 against Alex Karalexis, Von Flue successfully applied a unique submission move to counter the guillotine choke that is now commonly referred to as the Von Flue choke. Additionally, since 2017, the \\\"Von Flue choke\\\" has occasionally been referred to as the \\\"Von Preux Choke\\\", due to its usage by Ovince Saint Preux. Mixed martial arts career Early career Von Flue made his professional MMA debut in June 1999, fighting and winning three times in one night on the International Fighting Championships WC 3: Warriors Challenge 3 show. Over the next six years, he amassed a record of 10 wins, 4 losses and 1 draw while fighting for promotions such as King of the Cage and World Extreme Cagefighting in his native California. The Ultimate Fighter 2 On episode three of The Ultimate Fighter 2, fighter Josh Burkman was asked to leave due to a broken arm and Von Flue came to the team of Matt Hughes as a replacement fighter. Considered the underdog, he went on to get an upset win in his first fight against Jorge Gurgel. Despite his performance, he was given to team Franklin when Hughes was forced to give up one of his members to the other team. He faced former teammate Joe Stevenson in the semifinals, losing due to an armbar submission. After his performance on the show, he was signed to a UFC contract. Ultimate Fighting Championship In his first match since the show, Von Flue fought at Ultimate Fight Night 3 where he defeated season one The Ultimate Fighter contestant Alex Karalexis via technical submission, as Karalexis was rendered unconscious by a shoulder choke from side control. This technique is now commonly known as a Von Flue Choke. Though this unique choke submission was around before Von Flue, he was perhaps the first person to get a technical submission on a large stage. In his second UFC match at Ultimate Fight Night 4, he was defeated by fellow TUF 2 contestant Luke Cummo via decision. For his third fight in the UFC, Von Flue faced Joe Riggs at UFC Fight Night 6 on August 17, 2006. He lost the fight via triangle choke submission, and was subsequently released from the promotion. Strikeforce Two months after his UFC release, Von Flue signed with now-defunct promotion Strikeforce. He debuted for the promotion on October 4, 2006, facing Eric Wray at Strikeforce: Tank vs. Buentello. He won the fight via arm-triangle choke. Von Flue then faced Cung Le at Strikeforce: Triple Threat on December 8, 2006. He lost the fight via doctor stoppage TKO, due to a cut that opened up on Von Flue. Von Flue faced Luke Stewart at Strikeforce Shamrock vs. Baroni and lost\",\n \"title\": \"Jason Von Flue\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"53057962\",\n \"text\": \"Aubrey Omari Joseph (born November 26, 1997) is an American actor best known for his role as Tyrone Johnson / Cloak in Freeform's Cloak & Dagger. Career Aubrey started acting on the stage, portraying Simba in the Broadway musical The Lion King, a role he alternated with Judah Bellamy. Aubrey has his first major, starring role after being cast in January 2017 as Tyrone Johnson / Cloak, one of the lead characters, in the Marvel's Cloak & Dagger television series. The show, set within the larger Marvel Cinematic Universe, aired on Freeform, jointly produced by the network, Marvel Television, based on the Marvel Comics characters of the same name. Aubrey felt his casting was coincidental. \\\"At the time that I got the audition, I was in the middle of trying to watch season one of Luke Cage, so it was crazy just how ironic everything was at that moment.\\\" The series ran for two seasons, concluding in May 2019 and was canceled that October. Joseph and his Cloak & Dagger co-star Olivia Holt returned to voice their respective characters on the Disney XD animated series Spider-Man and reprised their roles for a two-episode crossover in the third and final season of Marvel's Runaways. Aubrey released his debut album, XXl, on July 24, 2020. Personal life Aubrey Joseph is the middle child of three boys. Filmography Accolades References External links Living people 1997 births 21st-century American male actors Place of birth missing (living people) American male television actors\",\n \"title\": \"Aubrey Joseph\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"67970643\",\n \"text\": \"SurrealEstate is a Canadian paranormal drama television series that premiered on July 16, 2021, on CTV Sci-Fi Channel. In February 2024, it was renewed for a third season. Premise Real estate agent Luke Roman and an elite team of specialists handle the cases that no one else can: haunted and possessed houses that literally scare would-be buyers away. Cast Main Tim Rozon as Luke Roman, the head of a real estate agency which deals with haunted houses. Sarah Levy as Susan Ireland, a new agent of the Roman Agency. She's a people person, acting as the agency public relations. It's later revealed in Season 1 that she has telekinetic and pyrokinetic powers. Adam Korson as Phil Orley, a paranormal researcher and former Catholic priest. Maurice Dean Wint as August Ripley, a technology specialist who does the designs and the construction. He also studies how the architecture connects with supernatural energy. Savannah Basley as Zooey L'Enfant, the front desk manager. Tennille Read as Megan Donovan, the victim of a haunted house tied to Roman. (season 1, one episode season 2) Elena Juatco as Lomax, a former mortician who joins the Roman Agency as an agent. (season 2) Recurring Jennifer Dale as Victoria Roman, Luke's estranged mother. Art Hindle as Carl Roman, Luke's deceased father. Joy Tanner as Rochelle Decker, a scientist and August's former colleague/old flame. (season 2) Alison Brooks as Rita Weiss, the head of a competing real estate agency who has a rivalry with Luke. Guest Melanie Scrofano, reuniting with her Wynonna Earp co-star Rozon, appeared in one episode and directed four episodes. (season 1) Varun Saranga also joined his Wynonna Earp co-stars Rozon and Scrofano as a guest star in one episode, which was directed by Scrofano. (season 2) Episodes Series overview Season 1 (2021) Season 2 (2023) Notes Production The series, produced by Blue Ice Pictures was first announced in 2020, originally under the working title The Surrealtor, and was shot in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Tim Rozon was cast in the lead role of Luke Roman; he previously starred in Wynonna Earp for four seasons (2016–2021), with Melanie Scrofano in the title role, and she joined his new production as a director for two episodes (and one guest appearance) in the first season. Rozon also appeared in the main cast of Schitt's Creek, alongside Sarah Levy; Levy stars with Rozon in the main cast of SurrealEstate, in the role of Susan Ireland. The series premiered on July 16, 2021, on CTV Sci-Fi Channel. In October 2021, series creator George Olsen announced Syfy would not be picking up the series for a second season, adding that he would attempt to find a new home for the series. In May 2022, it was announced Syfy had reversed its cancellation. The second season moved to the fall, premiering on October 4, 2023. In February 2024, it was announced Syfy renewed the show for a third season. Broadcast In the United States, the first season of SurrealEstate was broadcast\",\n \"title\": \"SurrealEstate\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15362707\",\n \"text\": \"S. Robert Morgan is an American television actor and theatre director. He starred in the HBO drama series The Wire as Butchie from the second season until the show's fifth and final season. Personal life Morgan is from Fort Washington, Maryland and is a regular patron of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, which The Washington Post has described as \\\"A Haven for Sightless Readers\\\". He lost his sight in his twenties due to macular degeneration. Filmography Literary Visions (1992) (Actor) (2 episodes) The Wire (2003–08) (Butchie) (10 episodes) Blind Date (2009) (Fred) Luke Cage (2016) (Oliver) (Moment of Truth) References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Living people African-American male actors Place of birth missing (living people) American male television actors American blind people Male actors from Washington, D.C. Blind actors American actors with disabilities 21st-century African-American people\",\n \"title\": \"S. Robert Morgan\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["13"],"string":"[\n \"13\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":49,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_45981"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the rocky mountain national park established"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"285954","text":"Rocky Mountain National Park is an American national park located approximately northwest of Denver in north-central Colorado, within the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The park is situated between the towns of Estes Park to the east and Grand Lake to the west. The eastern and western slopes of the Continental Divide run directly through the center of the park with the headwaters of the Colorado River located in the park's northwestern region. The main features of the park include mountains, alpine lakes and a wide variety of wildlife within various climates and environments, from wooded forests to mountain tundra. The Rocky Mountain National Park Act was signed by President Woodrow Wilson on January 26, 1915, establishing the park boundaries and protecting the area for future generations. The Civilian Conservation Corps built the main automobile route, Trail Ridge Road, in the 1930s. In 1976, UNESCO designated the park as one of the first World Biosphere Reserves. In 2023, 4.1 million recreational visitors entered the park. The park is one of the most visited in the National Park System, ranking as the third most visited national park in 2015. In 2019, the park saw record attendance yet again with 4,678,804 visitors, a 44% increase since 2012. The park has five visitor centers, with park headquarters located at the Beaver Meadows Visitor Centera National Historic Landmark designed by the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture at Taliesin West. National Forest lands surround the park on all sides, including Roosevelt National Forest to the north and east, Routt National Forest to the north and west, and Arapaho National Forest to the west and south, with the Indian Peaks Wilderness area located directly south of the park. History The history of Rocky Mountain National Park began when Paleo-Indians traveled along what is now Trail Ridge Road to hunt and forage for food. Ute and Arapaho people subsequently hunted and camped in the area. In 1820, the Long Expedition, led by Stephen H. Long for whom Longs Peak was named, approached the Rockies via the Platte River. Settlers began arriving in the mid-1800s, displacing the Native Americans who mostly left the area voluntarily by 1860, while others were removed to reservations by 1878. Lulu City, Dutchtown, and Gaskill in the Never Summer Mountains were established in the 1870s when prospectors came in search of gold and silver. The boom ended by 1883 with miners deserting their claims. The railroad reached Lyons, Colorado in 1881 and the Big Thompson Canyon Road—a section of U.S. Route 34 from Loveland to Estes Park—was completed in 1904. The 1920s saw a boom in building lodges, including the Bear Lake Trail School, and roads in the park, culminating with the construction of Trail Ridge Road to Fall River Pass between 1929 and 1932, then to Grand Lake by 1938. Prominent individuals in the effort to create a national park included Enos Mills from the Estes Park area, James Grafton Rogers from Denver, and J. Horace McFarland of Pennsylvania. The","title":"Rocky Mountain National Park"},{"docid":"52140863","text":"History of Rocky Mountain National Park began when Paleo-Indians traveled along what is now Trail Ridge Road to hunt and forage for food. Ute and Arapaho people subsequently hunted and camped in the area. In 1820, the Long Expedition, led by Stephen H. Long for whom Longs Peak was named, approached the Rockies via the Platte River. Settlers began arriving in the mid-1800s, displacing the Native Americans who mostly left the area voluntarily by 1860, while others were removed to reservations by 1878. Lulu City, Dutchtown, and Gaskill in the Never Summer Mountains were established in the 1870s when prospectors came in search of gold and silver. The boom ended by 1883 with miners deserting their claims. The railroad reached Lyons, Colorado in 1881 and the Big Thompson Canyon Road—a section of U.S. Route 34 from Loveland to Estes Park—was completed in 1904. The 1920s saw a boom in building lodges and roads in the park, culminating with the construction of Trail Ridge Road to Fall River Pass between 1929 and 1932, then to Grand Lake by 1938. Prominent individuals in the effort to create a national park included Enos Mills from the Estes Park area, James Grafton Rogers from Denver, and J. Horace McFarland of Pennsylvania. The national park was established on January 26, 1915. Early history Paleo-Indians People have been visiting the area near Rocky Mountain National Park for at least 11,000 years, including the Lindenmeier and Dent sites where projectile points were found that were used to hunt Mammoth and Bison antiquus. Both Clovis and Folsom projectile points have been found in the park, some near Trail Ridge. This indicates that there were early hunters, or Paleo-Indians, of large and now extinct mammals, like mastodons and bison antiquus, that traveled through the park. Their shelters were animal hide tents, brush huts, or rock shelters. They traveled into the Rocky Mountain National Park area using a trail that is now Trail Ridge Road. The Paleo-Indians began hunting smaller, modern bison and looked for many sources of food in nature when they adopted the lifestyle of the Archaic period about eight thousand years ago. Projectile points have been found at Fall River Pass, on Flattop Mountain, at Forest Canyon Pass, on a slope above Chapin Pass, near Oldman Mountain, and other places in the park. Archeologist Wilfred M. Husted said, \"Evidence indicates intermittent occupation of the Park rather than continuous occupation. Travel back and forth across the Continental Divide was the primary reason why Indians entered the mountains. Small camps indicate seasonal hunting in the valleys and on the mountains.\" Within the park there are archeological remains from about 3,850 to 3,400 B.C. of 42 low-walled stone structures or cairns, up to hundreds of feet in length, built for game drive systems. Remains of such structures were found on Mount Ida, Tombstone Ridge, and on Trail Ridge Road. These slight walls served as devices that permitted hunters to direct or herd game animals—like bison, sheep, deer, or elk— toward","title":"History of Rocky Mountain National Park"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"285954\",\n \"text\": \"Rocky Mountain National Park is an American national park located approximately northwest of Denver in north-central Colorado, within the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The park is situated between the towns of Estes Park to the east and Grand Lake to the west. The eastern and western slopes of the Continental Divide run directly through the center of the park with the headwaters of the Colorado River located in the park's northwestern region. The main features of the park include mountains, alpine lakes and a wide variety of wildlife within various climates and environments, from wooded forests to mountain tundra. The Rocky Mountain National Park Act was signed by President Woodrow Wilson on January 26, 1915, establishing the park boundaries and protecting the area for future generations. The Civilian Conservation Corps built the main automobile route, Trail Ridge Road, in the 1930s. In 1976, UNESCO designated the park as one of the first World Biosphere Reserves. In 2023, 4.1 million recreational visitors entered the park. The park is one of the most visited in the National Park System, ranking as the third most visited national park in 2015. In 2019, the park saw record attendance yet again with 4,678,804 visitors, a 44% increase since 2012. The park has five visitor centers, with park headquarters located at the Beaver Meadows Visitor Centera National Historic Landmark designed by the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture at Taliesin West. National Forest lands surround the park on all sides, including Roosevelt National Forest to the north and east, Routt National Forest to the north and west, and Arapaho National Forest to the west and south, with the Indian Peaks Wilderness area located directly south of the park. History The history of Rocky Mountain National Park began when Paleo-Indians traveled along what is now Trail Ridge Road to hunt and forage for food. Ute and Arapaho people subsequently hunted and camped in the area. In 1820, the Long Expedition, led by Stephen H. Long for whom Longs Peak was named, approached the Rockies via the Platte River. Settlers began arriving in the mid-1800s, displacing the Native Americans who mostly left the area voluntarily by 1860, while others were removed to reservations by 1878. Lulu City, Dutchtown, and Gaskill in the Never Summer Mountains were established in the 1870s when prospectors came in search of gold and silver. The boom ended by 1883 with miners deserting their claims. The railroad reached Lyons, Colorado in 1881 and the Big Thompson Canyon Road—a section of U.S. Route 34 from Loveland to Estes Park—was completed in 1904. The 1920s saw a boom in building lodges, including the Bear Lake Trail School, and roads in the park, culminating with the construction of Trail Ridge Road to Fall River Pass between 1929 and 1932, then to Grand Lake by 1938. Prominent individuals in the effort to create a national park included Enos Mills from the Estes Park area, James Grafton Rogers from Denver, and J. Horace McFarland of Pennsylvania. The\",\n \"title\": \"Rocky Mountain National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"52140863\",\n \"text\": \"History of Rocky Mountain National Park began when Paleo-Indians traveled along what is now Trail Ridge Road to hunt and forage for food. Ute and Arapaho people subsequently hunted and camped in the area. In 1820, the Long Expedition, led by Stephen H. Long for whom Longs Peak was named, approached the Rockies via the Platte River. Settlers began arriving in the mid-1800s, displacing the Native Americans who mostly left the area voluntarily by 1860, while others were removed to reservations by 1878. Lulu City, Dutchtown, and Gaskill in the Never Summer Mountains were established in the 1870s when prospectors came in search of gold and silver. The boom ended by 1883 with miners deserting their claims. The railroad reached Lyons, Colorado in 1881 and the Big Thompson Canyon Road—a section of U.S. Route 34 from Loveland to Estes Park—was completed in 1904. The 1920s saw a boom in building lodges and roads in the park, culminating with the construction of Trail Ridge Road to Fall River Pass between 1929 and 1932, then to Grand Lake by 1938. Prominent individuals in the effort to create a national park included Enos Mills from the Estes Park area, James Grafton Rogers from Denver, and J. Horace McFarland of Pennsylvania. The national park was established on January 26, 1915. Early history Paleo-Indians People have been visiting the area near Rocky Mountain National Park for at least 11,000 years, including the Lindenmeier and Dent sites where projectile points were found that were used to hunt Mammoth and Bison antiquus. Both Clovis and Folsom projectile points have been found in the park, some near Trail Ridge. This indicates that there were early hunters, or Paleo-Indians, of large and now extinct mammals, like mastodons and bison antiquus, that traveled through the park. Their shelters were animal hide tents, brush huts, or rock shelters. They traveled into the Rocky Mountain National Park area using a trail that is now Trail Ridge Road. The Paleo-Indians began hunting smaller, modern bison and looked for many sources of food in nature when they adopted the lifestyle of the Archaic period about eight thousand years ago. Projectile points have been found at Fall River Pass, on Flattop Mountain, at Forest Canyon Pass, on a slope above Chapin Pass, near Oldman Mountain, and other places in the park. Archeologist Wilfred M. Husted said, \\\"Evidence indicates intermittent occupation of the Park rather than continuous occupation. Travel back and forth across the Continental Divide was the primary reason why Indians entered the mountains. Small camps indicate seasonal hunting in the valleys and on the mountains.\\\" Within the park there are archeological remains from about 3,850 to 3,400 B.C. of 42 low-walled stone structures or cairns, up to hundreds of feet in length, built for game drive systems. Remains of such structures were found on Mount Ida, Tombstone Ridge, and on Trail Ridge Road. These slight walls served as devices that permitted hunters to direct or herd game animals—like bison, sheep, deer, or elk— toward\",\n \"title\": \"History of Rocky Mountain National Park\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2337885","text":"Lewis and Clark National Forest is located in west central Montana, United States. Spanning , the forest is managed as two separate zones. The eastern sections, under the Jefferson Division, is a mixture of grass and shrublands dotted with \"island\" pockets of forested areas. Here, cattle leases to local ranchers as well as timber harvesting are the norm. The western Rocky Mountain Division, which straddles the Continental divide, is managed chiefly for environmental preservation, as much of the land has been designated as wilderness. Forest headquarters are located in Great Falls, Montana. Local ranger district offices have been established in Choteau, Harlowton, Neihart, Stanford, and White Sulphur Springs. The forest lands were defined and established by the federal government in 1897, following its Treaty of 1896 with the Blackfeet establishing their adjacent reservation. This forest is one of the oldest forest preserves in the U.S. The forest is named in honor of the members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which passed through the forest between 1804 and 1806 while exploring the Louisiana Purchase for President Thomas Jefferson. Prior to that, the region was inhabited by various cultures of Native Americans for a period of at least 8,000–10,000 years. When the Lewis and Clark Expedition came to this area, different areas of the large forest territory were used by members of the Blackfeet, Sioux, Cheyenne, Flathead and Crow nations for hunting and as an area for their seasonal winter camps. The forests provided shelter from the winter. Description Altitudes range from to the top of Rocky Mountain Peak at . The forest is divided into seven separate sections and encompasses eight mountain ranges; the Judith, Big Snowy, Little Snowy, Crazy, Castle, Little Belt and Highwood Mountains. The westernmost section includes portions of the Scapegoat and the Bob Marshall wildernesses, and borders Glacier National Park to the north. The western Rocky Mountain Division, informally called the Rocky Mountain Front, consists of a dense coniferous forest and has numerous species of spruce, fir, and pine. The Jefferson Division is dominated by ponderosa and lodgepole pine which prefer a drier climate. The grizzly bear and timber wolf are found in the western sections of the forest, and are especially dense in the designated wilderness areas. In addition, the western section contains much of the wildlife present at the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition through the region. Mountain goats, bighorn sheep, elk, cougars, Canadian lynxes, wolverines and black bears are most common nearest the Continental Divide. In other sections of the forest, black bears, mule deer and white-tailed deer are the largest mammals found. Coyotes, raccoons, beavers, minks, muskrats, river otters and Columbian white-tailed deer inhabit the up-stream inlands. Throughout the forest, bald eagles, grouse, peregrine falcon and red tailed hawks are increasing in numbers. Lakes and streams are more numerous in the western section due to a higher altitude and more precipitation, and are home to the native westslope cutthroat trout. In the of rivers and streams in the forest, rainbow","title":"Lewis and Clark National Forest"},{"docid":"73338629","text":"Whitehorse Wildland Provincial Park is a wildland provincial park in west-central Alberta, Canada. The park was established on 26 August 1998 and had an area of . On 23 July 2002, the area was changed slightly to . The park is included in the Upper Athabasca Region Land Use Framework. The park is named for the creek within the boundaries of the park. Location The park is in Yellowhead County in western Alberta, approximately southwest of Robb and south of Cadomin, Alberta. Jasper National Park borders the park to the west. Whitehorse Wildland is adjacent to Whitehorse Creek Provincial Recreation Area. Ecology In the National Ecological Framework for Canada used by Environment and Climate Change Canada, the park is in the Luscar and Ram River Foothills ecodistricts of the Western Alberta Upland ecoregion in the Boreal Foothills ecoprovince of the Boreal Plains ecozone. Under the OneEarth classification (previously World Wildlife Fund), the park is in the Northern Rockies Conifer Forests ecoregion of the Greater Rockies & Mountain Forests bioregion. Geography The northern part of the park contains the watershed of the Whitehorse Creek and the ridges of foothills forming the valley for the creek. The northern ridge that bounds the Whitehorse Creek valley is the Nikanassin Range while the southern is the Miette Range. Within the park, in the Nikanassin Range are four mountains: Luscar Mountain at elevation, Leyland Mountain (), Mount Gregg (). and Mount Sir Harold Mitchell (). The Miette Ranges contains several unnamed mountains in elevation. The southern arm of the park follows the Cardinal Divide Ridge. The Cardinal Divide, with an elevation of , is the continental divide between two major watersheds: the McLeod and Athabasca Rivers, which eventually drain into the Arctic Ocean; and the Cardinal, Brazeau, and North Saskatchewan Rivers, which eventually drain into Hudson Bay. In the southern arm contains several named mountains: Prospect Mountain (), Cheviot Mountain (), and Tripoli Mountain (). In addition, two mountains form the border with Jasper National Park and are thus partially in Whitehorse Wildland park: Blackface Mountain () and Climax Mountain (). The elevation of Whitehorse Creek when it leaves the park is . There is an extensive trail network in the park for hiking and horseback trail riding. Climate The Köppen climate classification of the park is Continental, Subarctic (Dfc) characterized by long, cold winters, and short, warm to cool summers. Using the data from a nearby weather stations (Luscar Creek), average daily temperatures for 1991 to 2020 exceeds only for June, July, and August while average daily temperatures are less than for November through March. At Luscar Creek, the long-run average precipitation from 1991 to 2020 for the wettest months, June and July, is per month; conversely, the station receive less than per month from October through March. Natural history The park is home to many wildlife species. Ungulates include bighorn sheep, elk, moose, and mule deer. Carnivores include grizzly bears, wolves, and cougars. Among the small mammals are hoary marmots and American pikas.","title":"Whitehorse Wildland Provincial Park"},{"docid":"6963071","text":"Austria has six national parks, all of them internationally accepted according to the IUCN standard. The first national park, Hohe Tauern, was established in 1981. They include each of Austria's most important natural landscape types — alluvial forest, Alpine massif, Pannonian steppe and rocky valleys. Development First plans for the protection of the Hohe Tauern mountain range were evolved by Austrian Alpine Club, which in 1915-18 acquired large mountainous areas. However, the national park project was abandoned in the late 1930s and not resumed until 1971, when the federal states of Salzburg, Tyrol and Carinthia signed the Heiligenblut Agreement, followed by similar initiatives in Lower and Upper Austria. The establishment of each national park took several years; as conflicts of use and the question of funding had to be resolved. The parks are managed by contracts between one or more of the federal states and the Federal Government, with the financing shared equally between the Austrian government and the respective province. The national park administrations offer more than 300 green jobs. The park centres provide the public with educational services on ecology and environmental protection, information and leisure activities. With about 400,000 visitors a year, they play an important role in Austrian tourism. National Parks Of the seven national parks, four are protecting Austrian Alpine regions and three are covering waters. The largest park by far is Hohe Tauern; at , it is also the largest national park in Central Europe. The Neusiedler See–Seewinkel and Thayatal national parks stretch across the border with Hungary and the Czech Republic respectively. All of Austria's national parks meet IUCN Category II standards. The Nock Mountains (formerly also one of Austria's National Parks) had been classified as a Protected Landscape (Category V), and in 2012 it was converted into the core zone of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. See also List of national parks Geography of Austria References External links https://www.nationalparksaustria.at/en/ Official site. Austria National parks National parks he:גאוגרפיה של אוסטריה#פארקים לאומיים","title":"National parks of Austria"},{"docid":"32414894","text":"The Siffleur Wilderness Area is a provincially designated wilderness area in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta. It was established in 1961 and it, as one of the three wilderness areas of Alberta, has the strictest form of government protection available in Canada. All development is forbidden and only travel by foot is permitted. Hunting and fishing are not allowed. The other two wilderness areas are White Goat Wilderness Area and Ghost River Wilderness Area and together the three areas total . Siffleur is located near the west end and south side of Canadian Highway 11 and slightly south of the White Goat Wilderness area. It is near the north end of Banff National Park and the south end of Jasper National Park. Mountains rise to . The area has rugged mountains, glacier-carved valleys, mountain lakes, and alpine meadows. There are two distinct vegetation zones. Above , the tree line, are grasses, sedges and wildflowers. Below that are subalpine forests of spruce, fir, and lodgepole pine. At even lower elevations there are aspen and balsam poplar. Animals in the lower regions include woodland caribou, moose, elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, grizzly bear, black bear, cougar, coyote, timber wolf, and wolverine. Animals in the upper regions include golden-mantled ground squirrels, bighorn sheep, mountain goat, hoary marmot, pika, white-tailed ptarmigan, grey-crowned rosy finch, water pipit and horned lark. Eagles are seen in both the lower and upper regions. Like Siffleur Mountain and Siffleur River, the name was chosen by James Hector in 1858 for the shrill whistles of the marmot which inhabit the area. References External links Alberta Parks Protected areas of Alberta Parks in the Canadian Rockies Protected areas established in 1961","title":"Siffleur Wilderness Area"},{"docid":"1852063","text":"Lawn Lake Dam was an earthen dam in Rocky Mountain National Park, United States that failed on July 15, 1982, at about 6 a.m., in an event known as the flood of 1982. The sudden release of of water resulted in a flash flood that killed three people camping in the park and caused $31 million in damage to the town of Estes Park, Colorado and other downstream areas. Lawn Lake Lawn Lake was originally a natural lake with a surface area of , located at an elevation of approximately in the Rocky Mountains. In 1903 a group of farmers from Loveland built a dam to increase it to a surface area of for the purpose of providing water for irrigation in Loveland. Dam failure Over the years the road that had been cut to permit construction of the dam fell into disrepair and ceased to exist. Because of the dam's remote and difficult location, inspection and repairs lapsed. The Colorado State Engineer determined that the probable cause of the dam failure was deterioration of lead caulking on the joint between the outlet pipe and the gate valve leading to internal erosion of the earth-fill dam. There had been issues reported during inspections in 1951, 1975, 1977 and 1978. When the dam failed the waters rushed down the Roaring River valley, which falls in , at a peak rate of , scouring a large gully out of the mountain stream and killing one person camping alongside it. At this rate, the lake emptied in about half an hour. When the waters reached the broader valley of Fall River at Horseshoe Park they spread out and slowed, leaving behind a large alluvial fan of debris. The flood continued down Fall River and hit the Cascade Dam which stored water to run a hydroelectric plant about a mile (2 km) downstream. Cascade Dam failed from the onslaught and added its waters to the flood. The Aspenglen campground was destroyed and two campers who returned to recover camping gear lost their lives, due to insufficient warning from park rangers. The flood entered the town of Estes Park and caused severe damage to 177 downtown businesses (75 percent of Estes Park's commercial activity). In Estes Park the flood joined the Big Thompson River and flowed into Lake Estes on the eastern edge of the city. Olympus Dam, part of the Colorado-Big Thompson Project, there withstood the deluge and the flood was halted. Aftermath As a consequence of the dam failure, aging dams at Pear Reservoir, Bluebird Lake and Sandbeach Lake in the park were demolished and removed. References Hydrology, Geomorphology, and Dam-break Modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam Failures, Larimer County, Colorado. Dams in Colorado Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado Buildings and structures in Rocky Mountain National Park Dam failures in the United States Disasters in Colorado Estes Park, Colorado 1982 in Colorado 1982 disasters in the United States 1903 establishments in Colorado 1982 disestablishments","title":"Lawn Lake Dam"},{"docid":"10090599","text":"The National Park-to-Park Highway was an auto trail in the United States in the 1910s and 1920s, plotted by A. L. Westgard. It followed a large loop through the West, connecting twelve national parks: Rocky Mountain National Park Yellowstone National Park Glacier National Park Mount Rainier National Park Crater Lake National Park Lassen Volcanic National Park Yosemite National Park General Grant National Park (now part of Kings Canyon) Sequoia National Park Zion National Park Grand Canyon National Park Mesa Verde National Park History In 1914, Secretary of the Interior Lane entered into an agreement with the Office of Public Roads to develop road access to Glacier, Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks. When Stephen T. Mather became involved with the national parks, he invited the Office of Public Roads Engineer T. Warren Allen to speak at the 1915 Berkeley National Parks Conference. Mather had concerns over letting the Office of Public Roads develop highway systems within the national parks. While Allen's approach to public roads saw no difference between national forests and national parks, his involvement was an early indication of the public interest in driving. It was the following year that Mather joined the campaign for the Park-to-Park Highway. The National Park-to-Park Highway Association was formed in 1916 and began promoting roads and roadway improvements in the Northwest and Rocky Mountain states. Other highway associations had been supporting a variety of routes linking the scenic wonders of the western national parks. In 1915, a Denver group of motorists took off on a journey from Rocky Mountain National Park to Yellowstone. The Wonderland Trail Association was already promoting the next segment of the journey from Yellowstone to Glacier and then westward to Mount Rainier. In 1917, the Parks Highway Association began marking the route from Glacier to Mount Rainier and added a southern segment to Crater Lake. By 1919, there were annual meetings of the National Park-to-Park supporters. That same year, Charles Goodwin was assigned as Superintendent at Glacier. Here, he began to work on developing potential routes through the park. When Mather's preference for an east-west link across the park was made known, he began looking for a route to link the two sides that would complement the Park-to-Park Highway. This route would become the Going-to-the-Sun Road. By 1920, eleven states were involved in the Park-to-Park Highway program. The proposed route would cover of roads and numerous feeders to and from the various national parks. Notes External links Map of the National Park-to-Park Highway from 1924 National Parks Traveler: The National Park to Park Highway 2009 PBS documentary Auto trails in the United States National parks of the United States 1916 establishments in the United States","title":"National Park to Park Highway"},{"docid":"32873700","text":"The Timberline Cabin in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA was built in 1925 to house workers on the Fall River Road. The National Park Service rustic style cabin was designed by the National Park Service's Landscape Engineering Division under the direction of Thomas Chalmers Vint. The cabin was later used as a patrol cabin and as a caretaker's residence. The one-story cabin stood above the timberline. It was built of concrete with a stone veneer. The roof framing used peeled logs with an asphalt roll roofing weather surface, protected by a log lattice on top. The cabin had two doors and ten windows, and measured about by . The Timberline Cabin was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. It has since been demolished. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places listings in Rocky Mountain National Park References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park National Park Service rustic in Colorado Residential buildings completed in 1925 Buildings and structures in Grand County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Grand County, Colorado 1925 establishments in Colorado","title":"Timberline Cabin"},{"docid":"21052971","text":"The Twin Sisters Lookout, also known as the Twin Sisters Radio Tower and the Twin Sisters Shelter Cabin, was built by the U.S. Forest Service in 1914, the year before the establishment of Rocky Mountain National Park. The rustic stone structure was taken over by the National Park Service in 1925. The one-story building has an arched roof with a trap door to provide access when snow has drifted over the ground-level door. From 1914 to 1969 the shelter served as accommodations for fire observation crews at a nearby frame lookout, which has since vanished. The building is now used as a radio repeater station. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado References External links at the National Park Service's NRHP database Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Government buildings completed in 1914 National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Geography of Larimer County, Colorado Rustic architecture in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1914 establishments in Colorado Roosevelt National Forest","title":"Twin Sisters Lookout"},{"docid":"4271630","text":"Height of the Rockies Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian Rockies of south eastern British Columbia, Canada. It is located west of the Continental Divide (in this region, the British Columbia/Alberta Border), adjacent to Elk Lakes Provincial Park. Description and access The park comprises in East Kootenay on the western side of the Continental Divide, which in this region forms the border between British Columbia and Alberta. It borders Elk Lakes Provincial Park, also in British Columbia, to which it is linked by a trail, and Banff National Park and Peter Lougheed Provincial Park in Alberta. The park lies east of Invermere; the closest communities are Elkford to the south and Canal Flats and Radium Hot Springs to the west. The park is accessible on foot or horseback via logging roads and trails to 6 trailheads. All mechanized access is forbidden, and there are no campgrounds or other park services in the park. The Great Divide Trail passes through the park. The park is an Alpine environment with forested bottomland. It includes several lakes, the Palliser River valley, the Middle Fork of the White River, and the Royal Group of mountains. It encompasses 26 peaks over . The highest peak, Mount Joffre (), is on the border with Alberta. There are seven important mountain passes. Wildlife The park is important habitat for wildlife, in particular grizzly bears, and also contains large numbers of black bears, moose, mule deer, bighorn sheep, timber wolves, and cougars. There are more than 2,000 elk and one of the highest densities of mountain goats in the world. Cutthroat trout are plentiful in many lakes and streams and are taken from the park for the Kootenay native species stocking program. Hunting, trapping, and fishing are permitted at controlled levels. The park is at one end of the Southern Rocky Mountain Management Plan, aimed at coordinating ecosystem preservation and providing wildlife corridors, in particular for grizzly bears. Also to provide more comprehensive protection of the environment and wildlife habitat, British Columbia has considered asking the United Nations to add Height of the Rockies and 5 other provincial parks to the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site. History The passes through what is now the park were used by the Kootenai Indians and by mid-19th-century European explorers. Two archaeological sites over 8,000 years old have been identified on the Middle Fork of the White River. A national park was proposed early in the 20th century. In 1936 the White River Game Reserve was established. However, construction of logging roads and clearcutting became so extensive in the Southern Canadian Rockies that by 1986, the area that is now the park had become the last major refuge for wildlife in the region. Two provincial environmental organisations, BC Spaces for Nature and the Palliser Wilderness Society, with guide outfitter Hiram Cody Tegart, led a campaign to protect it permanently by making it a wilderness park, and in 1987, after a twelve-year process of negotiation between government, conservationists,","title":"Height of the Rockies Provincial Park"},{"docid":"1716007","text":"The Poudre Canyon is a narrow verdant canyon, approximately 40 miles (64 km) long, on the upper Cache la Poudre River (called the \"Poudre\" for short, which locals pronounce as \"Pooder\") in Larimer County, Colorado in the United States. The canyon is a glacier-formed valley through the foothills of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains northwest of Fort Collins. Description The canyon begins in northern Rocky Mountain National Park, at an elevation of approximately , where the Poudre descends from near the continental divide. It winds gently to the northeast, then east, descending the slope of the Colorado Tertiary Pediment, emerging through the southern end of the Laramie Foothills north of Bellvue at an elevation of approximately . Except for the small upper portion of the canyon north of Rocky Mountain National Park, State Highway 14 runs through the canyon. The route of the highway provides the principal vehicle access to the canyon and furnishes a road link between Fort Collins and North Park on the western side of Cameron Pass, which is accessible from the upper canyon. Most of the canyon is within the Canyon Lakes Ranger District of the Roosevelt National Forest, which is headquartered in nearby Fort Collins. The flanks of the canyon wall are gently sloping and forested along most of its length, with the exception of several \"narrows\", at which the river has carved through recent formations leaving behind large glacial debris. The canyon is inhabited along most of its length downstream from Kinikinik. All of the communities in the canyon are unincorporated. Most of the habitation is the form of small cabins, some of which are inhabited only during season. Resort cabin communities for fishing and hunting are found sporadically along the canyon downstream from Rustic, which at one time in the late 19th century was a bustling summer resort, and burned down in 2008. The relative isolation of the canyon compared to ones further south along the Colorado Front Range gives a tranquil atmosphere with only small-scale tourist enterprises. The canyon is distinctly less developed than the Big Thompson Canyon west of Loveland. The commercial establishments, notably in Poudre Park, cater mostly to local clientele except during the fishing and whitewater rafting season, when the canyon receives a modest number of regional and national visitors. Colorado State University operates a small campus in the mountains at Pingree Park, which is named for George Pingree, an early settler in the canyon in the 19th century. Near Pingree Park is Sky Ranch Lutheran Camp, a summer camp affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The national forest in the vicinity of the canyon is laced with numerous trails that follow side gulches into the surrounding mountains. The trails serve double seasonal duty, as hiking trails in the summer and as cross-country skiing trails in the winter. One such trailhead at Long Draw Reservoir leads over La Poudre Pass along the Never Summer Mountains to the headwaters of the Colorado River in Rocky Mountain","title":"Poudre Canyon"},{"docid":"36331105","text":"Lake Louise station is a railway station in Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada. Historically served by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and Via Rail, it is now a stop for the Rocky Mountaineer and houses a restaurant. The station is on the CPR main line near Lower Lake Louise, downhill from the Chateau Lake Louise. The station was originally built for the CPR. The station was declared a heritage railway station by the federal government in 1991. Starting in 1909, it was the first of six mountain stations built by the Canadian Pacific in a rustic log building design, consistent with how the railway marketed the region as a wilderness tourist destination. The older depot that the 1910 building replaced continued to be used by the CPR for other purposes. The CPR donated it in 1976 to Heritage Park Historical Village in Calgary. The depot was moved to the park and restored to the era when the Lake Louise village was called Laggan. References External links Lake Louise Station Designated heritage railway stations in Alberta Canadian Pacific Railway stations in Alberta Rocky Mountaineer stations in Alberta Buildings and structures in Banff National Park Railway stations in Canada opened in 1910 1910 establishments in Alberta","title":"Lake Louise station"},{"docid":"5862809","text":"The Rocky Mountains Park Act () was enacted on June 23, 1887, by the Parliament of Canada, establishing Banff National Park which was then known as \"Rocky Mountains Park\". The act was modelled on the Yellowstone Park Act passed by the United States Congress in 1881. The Rocky Mountains Park Act outlined the national park concept, balancing conservation and development interests. References Further reading Banff National Park Environmental law in Canada 1880s in the environment Canadian federal legislation 1887 in Canadian law","title":"Rocky Mountains Park Act"},{"docid":"27846696","text":"Jasper House National Historic Site, in Jasper National Park, Alberta, is the site of a trading post on the Athabasca River that functioned in two different locations from 1813 to 1884 as a major staging and supply post for travel through the Canadian Rockies. The post was originally named Rocky Mountain House, but was renamed to avoid confusion with the Rocky Mountain House trading post on the North Saskatchewan River, becoming \"Jasper's House\" after the postmaster, Jasper Hawes, who operated the post from 1814 to 1817. The first location is believed to have been at the outlet of Brûlé Lake, downstream from the present site. The second Jasper House was established at the northern end of Jasper Lake in 1830, primarily serving travellers crossing Yellowhead Pass or Athabasca Pass. The site operated until 1853, and was occasionally used until 1858 when it was reopened seasonally by Henry John Moberly, who operated it into the 1860s. The post was officially closed in 1884 after years of inactivity. From 1891 or 1892 to 1894 the house was used by miner Lewis Swift. The building was destroyed in 1909 when its lumber was used to make a raft by surveyors for the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Apart from a small cemetery, no significant ruins remain. It was designated a national historic site in 1924, and is marked by a commemorative stone and plaque. References External links Parks Canada site Management Plans, National Historic Sites of the Mountain Parks, evaluation of the Information Centre (Section 3.1) National Historic Sites in Alberta Jasper National Park North West Company Commercial buildings completed in 1830 Former buildings and structures in Canada Hudson's Bay Company trading posts Forts or trading posts on the National Historic Sites of Canada register Fur trade National Historic Sites of Canada 1830 establishments in the British Empire","title":"Jasper House"},{"docid":"5717531","text":"The Canada National Parks Act () is a Canadian federal law that regulates protection of natural areas of national significance. As of March 2019, the Canada National Parks Act extended federal protection to 47 national parks and park reserves across the country covering more the 300,000 km2 of habitat. The current Canada National Parks Act received royal assent on October 20, 2000 and has been amended since. The first national parks act in Canada was created in 1887 shortly following the creation of the world's first national park, Yellowstone National Park, in the United States. In 1911, under a renewed national parks act, Canada became the first country in the world to establish their own national parks service. Over the course of its history, the predecessor National Parks Act struggled to define the primary intention of national parks by trying to balance parks as places both of conservation and public leisure. Remarks made by the Canadian Minister of Environment and Climate Change in 2018 signalled a renewed commitment by the Parks Canada agency to ecological conservation within national parks. Early legislation in Canada applied exclusionary policies and forcibly removed Indigenous peoples off lands in order to create national parks. With developments in the legal recognition of Aboriginal title and rights in Canada, provisions have been included within the National Parks Act to extend the right of traditional harvesting activities within national park reserves with some cases altering park management to be shared between the Parks Canada agency and local Indigenous groups. History of the Canada National Parks Act 1887—the Rocky Mountains Park Act Greatly inspired by the creation of Yellowstone National Park in the United States in 1872, the Rocky Mountains Park Act established the first distinctive national parks legislation in Canada and provided for the creation of the country's first national park, Rocky Mountain Park (now Banff National Park). Lobbied heavily for by the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Act outlined the national parks model which balanced conservation as well as development. The Act established the management of the park and its resources to be under the authority of the Minister of the Interior and the Governor in Council. The Rocky Mountains Park Act also prohibited the settlement or occupation of any of the park’s area, giving the Minister of the Interior and Governor in Council the right to remove trespassers. 1911—the Dominion Forest Reserves and Parks Act Passed by the government of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the Dominion Forest Reserves and Parks Act received royal assent on May 19, 1911. One of the most significant results of the Act was that it created the Dominion Parks Branch as a new branch of the Department of the Interior to oversee the administration of federal parks. Incidentally the Dominion Parks Branch was the first national parks service in the world to be established and James Bernard Harkin was made its first commissioner. Inspired by American environmentalist, John Muir, Harkin oversaw the number of parks in Canada triple (from 6–18). 1930—the National Parks","title":"Canada National Parks Act"},{"docid":"4324110","text":"Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located around Mount Assiniboine. History The park was established 1922. Some of the more recent history that is explorable within the park include Wheeler's Wonder Lodge (Naiset) (1924), Assiniboine Lodge (1928), the first ski lodge in the Canadian Rockies, and Sunburst (1928). World Heritage Site In 1990, this park was included within the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks UNESCO World Heritage Site. Together with the other national and provincial parks that comprise the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, the park was recognized for its natural beauty and the geological and ecological significance of its mountain landscapes containing the habitats of rare and endangered species, mountain peaks, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, canyons, limestone caves and fossils. Conservation The park aims to protect a large variety of species. Eighty-four species of birds inhabit the park environs, based on sightings. Columbian ground squirrels are very common in the core area of the park. Ten species of carnivore including wolves, black bear, grizzly bear, weasel, cougar, lynx inhabit the park. Six species of ungulates: elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, moose, mountain goat, Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep roam within park boundaries. Recreation The following recreational activities are available: backcountry camping and hiking, horseback riding, cross country skiing and ski touring, fishing, and hunting. There are also climbing opportunities. Existing facilities include: 10 camping areas (75 campsites), including the main camp at Magog; 6 roofed accommodation sites (60 beds), including Mt. Assiniboine Lodge; day-use facilities at Rock Isle basin, including interpretive facilities and sanitation; 160 km of horse and hiking access trails: Assiniboine Pass, Wonder Pass, Mitchell River, Simpson River, Citadel Pass, Surprise Creek; and guide-outfitters cabins: Mitchell River and Police Meadows. Location Located 48 kilometres southwest of Banff, Alberta. No roads access the park. Backcountry hiking trails are the only access to the park, the quickest route being via Sunshine Village ski area in Banff National Park. See also List of British Columbia Provincial Parks List of Canadian provincial parks References External links Assiniboine Lodge Columbia Valley 1922 establishments in British Columbia Protected areas established in 1922","title":"Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park"},{"docid":"359836","text":"Mount Robson Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian Rockies with an area of 2,249 km. The park is located entirely within British Columbia, bordering Jasper National Park in Alberta. The B.C. legislature created the park in 1913, the same year as the first ascent of Mount Robson by a party led by Conrad Kain. It is the second oldest park in the provincial system. The park is named for Mount Robson, which has the highest point in the Canadian Rockies and is located entirely within the park. History The first recreational trail was built in 1913 by Jasper outfitter Donald \"Curly\" Phillips along the Robson River to Berg Lake. From May to September, the Mt. Robson Visitor Information Centre is open to the public, and is a common stop on the Yellowhead Highway. The only commercial services within the park are at a combination coffee-shop gas station complex at the same viewpoint. There are two government campgrounds near the Visitor Centre and one near Yellowhead Pass. Geography The park spans the Yellowhead Highway and is located 390 kilometres west of Edmonton or 290 kilometres east of Prince George. The source of the Fraser River is in Mount Robson Provincial Park. A dripping spring just west of a pond at Fraser Pass is the actual source of British Columbia's longest river. It is located south of the Yellowhead Highway at Lucerne Campground. There are no trails there and the best access is by helicopter from Valemount. Notable features Notable natural features found in the park include: Arctomys Cave Berg Lake Kinney Lake Yellowhead Lake World Heritage Site In 1990 Mount Robson Park was included within the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks UNESCO World Heritage Site. Together with the other national and provincial parks that comprise the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, the park was recognized for its natural beauty and the geological and ecological significance of its mountain landscapes containing the habitats of rare and endangered species, mountain peaks, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, canyons, limestone caves and fossils. See also List of British Columbia Provincial Parks List of World Heritage Sites in Canada References Further reading Adams, Ansel (2013). Ansel Adams In The Canadian Rockies. Little, Brown and Company. External links 1913 establishments in British Columbia Parks in the Canadian Rockies Protected areas established in 1913 Robson Valley Provincial and state parks in the Rocky Mountains","title":"Mount Robson Provincial Park"},{"docid":"358789","text":"Banff is a town in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada, in Alberta's Rockies along the Trans-Canada Highway, west of Calgary and east of Lake Louise, above Banff was the first municipality to incorporate within a Canadian national park. The town is a member of the Calgary Regional Partnership. Banff is a resort town and one of Canada's most popular tourist destinations. Known for its mountainous surroundings and hot springs, it is a destination for outdoor sports and hiking, biking, scrambling and skiing. Sunshine Village, Ski Norquay and Lake Louise Ski Resort are nearby ski resorts within the national park. Toponymy The area was named Banff in 1884 by George Stephen, president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, recalling his birthplace near Banff, Scotland. The Canadian Pacific built a series of grand hotels along the rail line and advertised the Banff Springs Hotel as an international tourist resort. History Banff was first settled in the 1880s after the transcontinental railway was built through the Bow Valley. In 1883, three Canadian Pacific Railway workers stumbled upon a series of natural hot springs on the side of Sulphur Mountain. In 1885, Canada established a federal reserve of around the Cave and Basin hot springs and began promoting the area as an international resort and spa as a way to support the new railway. In 1887, the reserve area was increased to and named \"Rocky Mountain Park\". This was the beginning of Canada's National Park system. The Banff townsite was developed near the railway station as a service centre for tourists visiting the park. Services, such as St George-in-the-Pines church, were constructed through the late 19th century. It was administered by the Government of Canada's national parks system until 1990 when the Town of Banff became the only incorporated municipality within a Canadian national park. An internment camp was set up at Banff and Castle Mountain in Dominion Park from July 1915 to July 1917 mostly imprisoning Ukrainian immigrants. The prisoners of the internment camp were used as slave labour to build the infrastructure of the national park. In 1985, the United Nations declared Banff National Park, as one of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, a World Heritage Site. Banff remains one of the most popular tourist destinations in Canada. One of the most notable figures of Banff was Norman Luxton, who was known as \"Mr. Banff\". He published the Crag and Canyon newspaper, built the King Edward Hotel and the Lux Theatre, and founded the Sign of the Goat Curio Shop, which led to the development of the Luxton Museum of Plains Indians, now the Buffalo Nations Museum. He and his family helped organize the Banff Indian Days and the Banff Winter Carnival. In 1976, the International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (IAU/WGPSN) officially adopted the name Banff for a crater on Mars, after the town in Alberta. The crater is at latitude 17.7° north and longitude 30.8° west. Its diameter is . In 1991, Banff hosted the 1991 Winter Deaflympics,","title":"Banff, Alberta"},{"docid":"59951189","text":"White Pyramid is a mountain summit located between the Howse River valley and Mistaya River valley of Banff National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Howse Peak, to the south. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,460 meters (4,790 ft) above Chephren Lake in 2.5 km (1.5 mile). White Pyramid is visible from the Icefields Parkway in the vicinity of Waterfowl Lakes. History It was named in 1901 by J. Norman Collie to distinguish it from Mount Chephren, which back then was named Pyramid Mountain. The two peaks are nearly the same in height, and separated by only one kilometre. However, White Pyramid has a glacier on its north aspect, which Chephren does not. The first ascent of White Pyramid was made in 1939 by Kate (Katie) Gardiner and guide Edward Feuz Jr. The climbing duo made many first ascents in the Canadian Rockies during the 1930s. The mountain's name was made official in 1961 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology Like other mountains in Banff Park, White Pyramid is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, White Pyramid is located in a subarctic climate zonewith cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C. Precipitation runoff from White Pyramid drains into the Mistaya River and Howse River which are both tributaries of the North Saskatchewan River. Gallery See also List of mountains in the Canadian Rockies Geography of Alberta References External links Parks Canada web site: Banff National Park White Pyramid weather: Mountain Forecast Three-thousanders of Alberta Mountains of Banff National Park Canadian Rockies Alberta's Rockies","title":"White Pyramid (Banff)"},{"docid":"13768180","text":"Beaver Meadows Visitor Center, also known as Rocky Mountain National Park Administration Building, is the park headquarters and principal visitors center of Rocky Mountain National Park in central northern Colorado. Completed in 1967, it was designed by Taliesin Associated Architects, and was one of the most significant commissions for that firm in the years immediately following the death of founder Frank Lloyd Wright. It was also one of the last major projects completed under the Park Service Mission 66 project. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001. Description and history The Beaver Meadows Visitor Center is located on the south side of United States Route 36 near the principal eastern entrance to Rocky Mountain National Park. As seen from visitor (north) side, the building presents as a single-story structure, but is actually two stories owing to the sloping terrain on which it is built. It is a rectangular structure, built with a steel frame and cast concrete panels, into which slabs of sandstone have been embedded. The upper level framing has Cor-Ten steel set in a zigzag pattern inspired by Native American artworks. The building's eastern end is devoted to visitor facilities, including a lobby, amphitheater, and shop, with an inside observation area and outside balcony providing views of the Rocky Mountains. The western end houses park offices in a modular design with movable partitions. Rocky Mountain National Park was founded in 1915. As part of the Park Service's Mission 66 program to revitalize the nation's park system, the Park Service hired the firm of Taliesin Associated Architects in 1964 to design a new visitors center for the park. Construction began in 1965 and was completed in 1967. The building has been relatively little altered since then: the shop occupies a former lobby area that included benches and a fireplace, and changes in equipment for the theater necessitated the closure of a balcony entrance. Map See also Rocky Mountain National Park Utility Area Historic District National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado List of National Historic Landmarks in Colorado References External links Rocky Mountain National Park Official Site Beaver Meadows Visitor Center Information Beaver Meadows Visitor Center, described in Fodors guidebook National Historic Landmarks in Colorado Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado National Park Service visitor centers Mission 66 Tourist attractions in Larimer County, Colorado Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1967 establishments in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park","title":"Beaver Meadows Visitor Center"},{"docid":"8758460","text":"Alberta's Rockies comprise the Canadian Rocky Mountains in Alberta, Canada. On the southwestern part of the province along the British Columbia border, the region covers all but the south of Census Division 15. The main industry in this region is tourism. Geography This human region is almost identical to the Alberta Mountain forests ecozone. The region contains the Central Front Ranges and the Continental Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, and includes the Banff National Park and Jasper National Park, as well as the Kananaskis Country park system and the Willmore Wilderness. The main transportation corridors run through the Kicking Horse Pass and the Yellowhead Pass from east to west, while the Bow Valley and Athabasca River valley are followed by the longitudinal Icefields Parkway. Another important waterway that crosses this region is the North Saskatchewan River. Tourism Some of the best ski resorts of the Rockies are located in this region, and are important tourist destinations. They include Fortress Mountain Resort, Lake Louise, Marmot Basin, Mount Norquay, Nakiska and Sunshine Village. Other tourist attractions include the glaciers of the Columbia, Wapta and Waputik Icefields such as the Athabasca, Bow, Crowfoot, Hector, Peyto, Saskatchewan and Vulture Glaciers. Glacial lakes line the Icefields Parkway and dot the surrounding valleys. Some of the more spectacular are Bow, Hector, Louise, Maligne, Moraine, Peyto, Pyramid and Vermilion lakes. Infrastructure Banff and Jasper are the main communities in the region. The length is defined by the Icefields Parkway, and it is crossed by the Trans-Canada Highway and the Yellowhead Highway into British Columbia. David Thompson Highway leads from the Rockies into central Alberta from Saskatchewan River Crossing, and Banff Windermere Parkway leads from Castle Junction (south of Lake Louise) through the Kootenay National Park to the Columbia River valley. The Bighorn Highway defines most of the eastern limit of the region. Health care has been the responsibility of Alberta Health Services, since the province's health regions were amalgamated in 2008. Before then, Calgary Health Region was the health region ensuring well-being in the south of this region, while the north was supervised by the Aspen Regional Health Authority. Health care centres established in the area are: Seton Jasper Healthcare Centre - Jasper Hinton Healthcare Centre - Hinton Canmore General Hospital - Canmore Banff Mineral Springs Hospital - Banff Politics On a provincial level, southern Alberta is represented in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta by MLA's elected in the ridings of Banff-Cochrane and part of Rocky Mountain House and West Yellowhead. Communities The following communities are located in Alberta's Rockies. Towns of Banff and Canmore Municipality of Jasper (specialized municipality) Summer villages of Ghost Lake and Waiparous Hamlets of Lake Louise, Harvie Heights, Exshaw, Dead Man's Flats and Lac des Arcs Saskatchewan River Crossing (unincorporated community) Kananaskis Village (resort community) The towns of Grande Cache and Hinton, located on the eastern edge of the Rockies, are sometimes considered as part of this region. The following rural municipalities are located in Alberta's Rockies. Municipal District of Bighorn","title":"Alberta's Rockies"},{"docid":"21057192","text":"The Timber Creek Campground Comfort Stations are a set of three historic public toilet facilities in Rocky Mountain National Park. Designed in 1935 by landscape architect Howard W. Baker of the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs, the National Park Service Rustic buildings were built with Civilian Conservation Corps labor in 1939. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand County, Colorado References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Buildings and structures completed in 1939 National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park National Park Service rustic in Colorado Buildings and structures in Grand County, Colorado Restrooms in the United States National Register of Historic Places in Grand County, Colorado 1939 establishments in Colorado","title":"Timber Creek Campground Comfort Stations"},{"docid":"70092153","text":"Bob Creek Wildland Provincial Park is a wildland provincial park located in the Municipal District of Ranchland, in southern Alberta, Canada. It was established on 12 May 1999, modified slightly on 24 June 2003, and is in area. The park is included in the South Saskatchewan Region Land Use Framework and administered by the South Saskatchewan Regional Plan. Because they are so intertwined, Bob Creek Wildland and Black Creek Heritage Rangeland are managed through the same Management Plan. The park gets its name from the Bob Creek that runs through the center of the park and drains the surrounding hills. Location The park is located approximately west of Claresholm and located between Alberta Highway 40 to the west and Highway 22 to the east and largely north of the Oldman River. Much of the eastern and southern borders of the park is shared with Black Creek Heritage Rangeland. The park is located on east of the Rocky Mountains on the eastern slopes of the Livingstone Range and contains \"The Whaleback\" ridge: \"The Whaleback[...] encompasses the most extensive, least disturbed and relatively unfragmented Montane landscape in Alberta’s Rocky Mountain natural region.\" The park is accessed through two points in the southern boundary. The Livingston Gap on the southwest corner of the park where the Oldman River cuts through the Livingstone Range as it leaves the Rocky Mountains. And Bob Creek Staging Area through the south-central boundary of the park. Ecology The park contains the Alpine, Sub-Alpine and Montane subregions of the Rocky Mountain Natural Region in the Alberta classification system. Together, Bob Creek Wildland and Black Creek Heritage Rangeland preserves the largest tract of montane ecosystems in Alberta. The Whaleback Ridge is the last remaining area of montane wilderness in Alberta. In the National Ecological Framework for Canada used by Environment and Climate Change Canada, the park is in the Blairmore Foothills and Crowsnest Mountains ecodistricts of the Northern Continental Divide ecoregion of the Columbia Montane Cordillera ecoprovince of the Montane Cordillera ecozone. Under the OneEarth classification (previously World Wildlife Fund), the park is in the Northern Rockies conifer forests ecoregion of the Greater Rockies & Mountain Forests bioregion. Geography The geography of the park is rolling fescue grasslands with steep ridges transitioning from grass to forests and many springs and streams along the valley bottoms. The park's geology is folded and faulted sedimentary rock with major fault lines creating ridges. This underlying rock underwent several glaciations and erosion events to create the current topography. The park contains three named ridges while wide valley floors separate the ridges. The eastern ridge, running north to south for approximately , is the Whaleback ridge. Whaleback Peak is at an elevation of , up from the eastern park boundary of . On the western boundary is two ridges. The Livingstone ridge, again running north to south, occupies the southern half of the west boundary. From an elevation of at the Oldman River at the Livingstone Gap, the Livingstone Ridge climbs going north to an","title":"Bob Creek Wildland Provincial Park"},{"docid":"21306333","text":"The Castle Mountain Internment Camp, located in Banff National Park, Alberta, was the largest internment facility in the Canadian Rockies, housing several hundred prisoners at any one time. Established on July 13, 1915, a total of 660 enemy aliens were interned at the facility during its entire operation. Internment Designated enemy aliens under Canada's 1914 War Measures Act, some 8,579 enemy aliens were interned during World War I as prisoners of war. Ostensibly nationals of countries at war with Canada, the vast majority however were settler immigrants, primarily of Ukrainian ethnic origin. The Castle Camp, which was built in 1915 at the base of Castle Mountain was a Canadian internment camp which held immigrant prisoners of Ukrainian, Austrian, Hungarian and German descent. Despite their civilian status, a great many were sent to prisoner of war camps located in the Canadian hinterland, to be used as military conscript labour on government work projects. Of particular note was the use of forced labour in Canada's national parks, where they were introduced there as a matter of policy to improve existing facilities and increase accessibility by developing the park system's infrastructure. By 1915 several internment camps in and around the Rocky Mountains were in full operation, including a camp at the foot of Castle Mountain, the terminal point of the then uncompleted Banff-Laggan (Lake Louise) road. Recognizing the value of future tourism, the main purpose of the camp was to push the Banff highway on through to Lake Louise, although, in addition, bridges, culverts and fireguards were also built. The camp consisted of tents within a dual barbed wire enclosure. The tents however proved inadequate during the severe winter climate, forcing the camp to relocate to military barracks built on the outskirts of the town of Banff, adjacent to the Cave and Basin, site of the original Hot Springs. While in Banff, the internees were engaged in a number of special projects: land fill and drainage of the Recreation Grounds; clearing the Buffalo Paddocks; cutting trails; land reclamation for tennis courts, golf links, shooting ranges and ski jumps; rock-crushing; quarrying stone for the Banff Springs Hotel (still under construction) and smaller public works projects such as street and sidewalk repair. With the onset of spring, the camp returned once more to the Castle Mountain site. This process of return and relocation would continue until August 1917 when the camp was finally closed when the internees were conditionally released to industry to meet the growing labour shortage. The Castle Mountain camp was a difficult facility to administer. Abuse was widespread, and although duly noted by the Directorate of Internment Operations in Ottawa, it was never corrected. Escapes were frequent. Conditions at the camp were roundly condemned by neutral observers and the Central Powers, charging Canada with violations of international norms governing the internment of enemy aliens. Understandably, the conditions at the camp would become of interest to the War Office in London and a point of discussion between the British Government and Ottawa. Legacy","title":"Castle Mountain Internment Camp"},{"docid":"32867145","text":"The East Inlet Trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, was established in 1913 to provide access from Grand Lake to a series of lakes to the east of Grand Lake. The trail originates at the east stream inlet to Grand lake: confusingly, it is close to the west portal of the Alva B. Adams Tunnel which conveys water from the west side of the Continental Divide under the park to the east slope of the Rocky Mountains. The trail was developed further in the 1920s, but was still considered to be in poor condition. In the 1930s further improvements were made, and in 1934 workers from the Public Works Administration rebuilt the section between Lone Pine Lake and Lake Verna. In 1940 workers from the Civilian Conservation Corps improved of trail beyond Adam Falls, building causeway sections through swampy areas. The trail was rebuilt again in 1970, and was improved between 2000 and 2003 with stone steps and handrails at Adam Falls. The trail was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2005. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Rocky Mountain National Park National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand County, Colorado Architects of the National Park Service References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Civilian Conservation Corps in Colorado Buildings and structures in Grand County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Grand County, Colorado 1913 establishments in Colorado","title":"East Inlet Trail"},{"docid":"44868799","text":"The La Junta Railroaders were a minor league baseball team based in La Junta, Colorado. The Railroaders played in the 1912 season as members of the Class D level Rocky Mountain League. La Junta hosted home games at City Park. History In 1912, minor league baseball began in La Junta, Colorado, when the La Junta \"Railroaders\" became charter members of the four–team Class D level Rocky Mountain League. The league started the season with the Cañon City Swastikas, Colorado Springs Millionaires and Pueblo Indians teams joining the La Junta Railroaders in Rocky Mountain League play. The \"Railroaders\" moniker corresponds to local industry, with the city of La Junta located along the railroad line and the founding of the city being tied to the railroad access. Both freight and passenger trains accessed La Junta, which had a large rail yard, as well as a passenger depot built in 1895 called the El Otero. Today, the rail yard is still utilized by BNSF and the La Junta station serves Amtrak passengers. Before the 1912 season was scheduled to conclude, the Rocky Mountain League permanently folded on July 5, 1912. The La Junta Railroaders were in fourth place with a 11–22 record when the league disbanded. The Railroaders finished 13.0 games behind the first place Pueblo/Cheyenne Indians team in the final standings. The La Junta Railroaders were managed by J.F. Waller, Bill Annis and Tubby Graves. At the time he managed La Junta, Tubby Graves was serving as the head football, basketball and baseball coach at Alabama. La Junta was the only Rocky Mountain League franchise that did not relocate during the season. After 1912, La Junta has not hosted another minor league team. The ballpark The 1912 La Junta Railroaders played minor league home games at City Park. City Park was established in 1905 and is still in use today as a public park. The park is located at 10th Street and Colorado Avenue in La Junta, Colorado. Timeline Year–by–year records Notable alumni Bill Annis (1912, MGR) Tubby Graves (1912, MGR) J.F. Waller (1912, MGR) Complete roster information for the 1912 La Junta Railroaders is unknown. References External links La Junta - Baseball Reference Defunct minor league baseball teams Professional baseball teams in Colorado Defunct baseball teams in Colorado Baseball teams established in 1912 Baseball teams disestablished in 1912 Rocky Mountain League teams Otero County, Colorado 1912 establishments in Colorado 1912 disestablishments in Colorado","title":"La Junta Railroaders"},{"docid":"21018416","text":"The Fall River Pass Ranger Station in Rocky Mountain National Park was designed by National Park Service landscape architect Daniel Ray Hull in the National Park Service Rustic style. Built in 1922, the stone structure is similar in design to the Chasm Lake Shelter. Between 1933 and 1937 the ranger station was converted to a museum. The ranger station is associated with the construction of the nearby Trail Ridge Road. Located above the tree line, the building has a trap door in the roof to allow access when the door is blocked by drifting snow. See also Fall River Pump House and Catchment Basin National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado References External links Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Government buildings completed in 1922 National Park Service ranger stations Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Historic American Buildings Survey in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1922 establishments in Colorado National Park Service rustic in Colorado","title":"Fall River Pass Ranger Station"},{"docid":"60250418","text":"Tilted Mountain is a mountain summit located in Banff National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. It is part of the Sawback Range. Its nearest higher peak is Lychnis Mountain, to the east in an area of exposed Skoki Formation limestone which is known for fossils such as brachiopods, gastropods, conodonts, cephalopods, trilobites, and echinoderm fragments. History Tilted Mountain was named in 1911 by James F. Porter for the tilted layers of rock strata. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology Like other mountains in Banff Park, Tilted Mountain is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, Tilted Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. See also Geography of Alberta Geology of Alberta References External links Weather forecast: Tilted Mountain Parks Canada web site: Banff National Park Two-thousanders of Alberta Mountains of Banff National Park Alberta's Rockies Canadian Rockies","title":"Tilted Mountain"},{"docid":"21052449","text":"The Rocky Mountain National Park Utility Area Historic District in Rocky Mountain National Park documents the early administrative core of the park. Beginning in 1920 and continuing into the 1930s, park service and administrative structures were built in the National Park Service Rustic style. Most buildings were built of logs under a policy of blending with the natural landscape. Later construction has respected the materials and scale of the area. Structures include McLaren Hall, designed by landscape architect W.G. Hill, a number of employee residences including the superintendent's residence, equipment sheds, garages and utility buildings. Many of the buildings built in the 1930s were built by Civilian Conservation Corps labor. The Beaver Meadows Visitor Center is individually listed as a National Historic Landmark. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Park Service rustic in Colorado Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Civilian Conservation Corps in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1982 establishments in Colorado","title":"Rocky Mountain National Park Utility Area Historic District"},{"docid":"6462572","text":"The Comanche Peak Wilderness is a U.S. Wilderness Area located in the Roosevelt National Forest on the Canyon Lakes Ranger District in Colorado along the northern boundary of Rocky Mountain National Park. The wilderness named for its most prominent peak was established in 1980. There are of hiking trails inside the wilderness. Roosevelt National Forest and Rocky Mountain National Park officially maintain 19 trails within the Wilderness, 5 of which pass into Rocky Mountain National Park. There are also 7 named peaks, 6 named lakes (including Comanche Reservoir) and 16 named rivers and creeks within the wilderness boundaries. Climate References Protected areas of Larimer County, Colorado Wilderness areas of Colorado Protected areas established in 1980 Roosevelt National Forest","title":"Comanche Peak Wilderness"},{"docid":"76300843","text":"Esther Burnell Mills (August 1889–April 8, 1964) was an American pioneer and homesteader in Estes Park, Colorado. Esther Burnell and her sister became the National Park Service's first certified nature guides. She married Enos Mills, who led the establishment of the Rocky Mountain National Park. They ran the Longs Peak Inn, and after her husband's death, Mills continued to operate the inn. She edited and published three post-humous volumes and additional works by Enos Mills. With Hildegarde Hawthorne, she co-authored Enos Mills of the Rockies. Early life and education Esther A. Burnell, born in August 1889 in Eureka, Kansas, was the daughter of Mary A. (née Frayer) and Arthur Tappan Burnell, a professor and school principal with positions in the states of Washington, Kansas, Kentucky, Alabama, Tennessee, and Oregon. Arthur was also a minister. Her siblings, born about every two years, were older brother Eugene, older sister Elizabeth (Bessie), and younger brother Bernico. Burnell studied at Lake Erie College in Cleveland, Ohio, and Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. Her sister Elizabeth graduated from the University of Michigan with master's degrees in mathematics and physics. Lake Erie College employed her as the head of the mathematics and physics department. Burnell worked at the Sherwin Williams Paint Company as a consulting decorator. Before moving to Colorado, she lived in Cleveland and then Des Moines, Iowa. She had been overworked at her job and had a nervous breakdown. In 1915, Burnell and Elizabeth Enos Mills the prior year during his speaking engagement in Cleveland, Ohio. Like other attendees, Mills invited them to visit Rocky Mountain National Park and Mills' nature study center at the inn. Dedicated in 1916, the park is located near Estes Park, Colorado. Homesteading Burnell and her sister Elizabeth vacationed at Longs Peak Inn in Estes Park, Colorado, in the summer of 1916. Burnell took walks in the area to observe nature, wearing knickerbockers for hiking and climbing rather than wearing city-appropriate dresses and high shoes. Her health improved in the mountain environment. Her friend, Katherine Garetson, met Burnell when she arrived in Estes Park. Concerned about her health, Garetson decided that Burnell was a frail city slicker, but after some time in the mountains she said her friend \"looked wonderfully pretty animation transforming her into a beauty\". Burnell extended her vacation to remain in Colorado. She homesteaded 120 acres near MacGregor Pass alongside Horseshoe Park. Burnell designed a five-room cabin and worked on the construction of her home, which she named Keewaydin. She built some of the furniture for her home and established a garden. Deer, mountain sheep, and birds visited her property. Burnell's closest neighbors were the Fall River Lodge and Horseshoe Inn, about from her land. Fellow homesteaders lived two or more miles away. Burnell walked east to town to visit friends, pick up her mail, and purchase groceries and supplies that she carried back to her cabin. She embraced the outdoor life, hiking in the day or night. She made long treks, wearing snowshoes in","title":"Esther Burnell Mills"},{"docid":"4324216","text":"Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the north-eastern part of the province, 90 km south-west from Fort Nelson and it is bordered to the north by the Alaska Highway. Access is mostly done by boat, aircraft, on horseback or by hiking. At 6,657.1 km2, it is the largest protected area in the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area and the third largest provincial park in British Columbia. The park borders Stone Mountain Provincial Park to the north-west and Kwadacha Wilderness Provincial Park to the south-west, creating a large contiguous protected area in the Muskwa Ranges of the Canadian Rockies. History Northern Rockies Mountain Provincial Park is the largest protected site within the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area, a wilderness area established in 1998. The park is among seven sites that are recommended to be protected by the 1997 Fort Nelson Land and Resource Management Plan due to its unique ecological diversity. The park is established in December 1986. In June 1999, the park was expanded with the inclusion of the Wokkpash Recreational Area to protect the ecological heritages of the area. In 2000, a public advisory group was formed to initiate a management planning process for the park. The process was suspended for several years due to the need of increasing participation of Indigenous people but has been resumed since 2019. The public, stakeholder, and the First Nations were all included for the update of the plan. This allowed public to give extra information through mails, online forms, meeting and open houses. All information were gathered on the webpage and was used to draft the final management plan. Geography The area is notable for a range of water features including rivers, streams, waterfalls, rapids, small glaciers and lakes. Its rivers include the Tetsa, Chischa, and Muskwa, and its creeks include the Gathto, Kluachesi, Dead Dog and Chlotapecta. The largest water features in the area are the upper and lower Tuckodi Lakes , though other lakes such as Kluachesi and Tetsa exist. Ecology There are different kinds of animals at risk in Rocky Mountain National Park; at the same time, the park is also suitable for other species to live, as a habitat. It provides great environment for animals including moose, elk, stone sheep, and mountain goats. Grizzly bears and black bears are also commonly found in the area. The existence of different prey animals allow these bears to sustain within the habitat. Different types of species live around the park, including animals, plants, and others. More plants can be found rather than animals. Types of animals are included with mammals, birds, fish, and amphibians & reptiles. Plants are included with algae, lichens, mosses & liverworts, trees & shrubs and wildflowers. Lake trout, rainbow trout, bull trout, arctic grayling and lake whitefish are the important species in the park. Climate Change The remoteness and wilderness of Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park has made it potentially an area for the plants and species to adapt to","title":"Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park"},{"docid":"32879980","text":"The Fern Lake Trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, runs from Moraine Park in the eastern part of the park westward to Fern Lake, the first portion of the trail following the course of the Big Thompson River. The trail was first informally established in the late 1880s as a way to get to \"The Pool,\" a wide spot in the Big Thompson where a small lodge predated the 1915 establishment of the park. The trail was improved by the Estes Park Protective and Improvement Association between 1907 and 1912, with a new bridge at The Pool. Two years later the trail was rebuilt to maintain no more than a 10% grade and to provide better access to Fern and Marguerite Falls. In the 1920s Fern Lake became a popular winter destination for skiing, complete with a lodge. From 1933 the trail was rebuilt over three years with Civilian Conservation Corps labor, building retaining walls and adjusting the trail's alignment. The Forest Inn at The Pool closed in 1951, and Fern Lake Lodge closed in 1960. Folksinger Judy Collins and her then-husband Peter Taylor ran the lodge in the summer of 1958, welcoming hikers a respite from the trail. It was demolished by the Park Service in 1968 as they eliminated concessions within the park. The trail is notable for its association with early tourism development in the park and for its Civilian Conservation Corps-executed construction. The Fern Lake Trail was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2005. References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park 1933 establishments in Colorado Transportation in Larimer County, Colorado Civilian Conservation Corps in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado","title":"Fern Lake Trail"},{"docid":"221314","text":"The Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site consists of seven contiguous parks including four national parks (Banff, Jasper, Kootenay, and Yoho) and three British Columbia provincial parks (Hamber, Mount Assiniboine, and Mount Robson). These seven parks in the Canadian Rockies include mountains, glaciers, and hot springs and the headwaters of major North American river systems including the North Saskatchewan, Athabasca, Columbia, and Fraser rivers. The area is known for its natural environment and biological diversity. It includes the Burgess Shale site, a World Heritage Site in its own right from 1980 to 1984, when it was included in the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks WHS designation. World Heritage Site In 1983 Canada nominated Banff, Jasper, Kootenay and Yoho national parks for inclusion on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. UNESCO accepted this nomination in 1984 on the basis of a recommendation by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The original nomination and IUCN's recommendation drew attention to the area's \"exceptional natural beauty\", \"habitats of rare and endangered species\" and its natural landforms such as mountain peaks, glaciers, lakes, canyons, limestone caves, and the unique Burgess Shale fossils. That year the UNESCO World Heritage Committee \"requested the Canadian authorities to consider adding the adjacent Provincial Parks of Mount Robson, Hamber, Mount Assiniboine and Kananaskis\" to the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks site. At a 1990 meeting, \"the Committee welcomed the Canadian proposal to include, in the Rocky Mountains Parks site, Mount Robson, Hamber and Assiniboine Provincial Parks, following its request at its Eighth Session in 1984.\" Kananaskis (renamed Peter Lougheed Provincial Park) has not been included within the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage site. See also List of National Parks of Canada List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas List of British Columbia provincial parks List of protected areas of Alberta References External links Park page at UNESCO World Heritage Site Climbing the clouds Virtual exhibit of British Columbia mountaineering Canadian Rockies World Heritage Sites in Canada National parks of the Rocky Mountains Parks in the Canadian Rockies Parks in Alberta Parks in British Columbia Protected areas of the Rocky Mountains Provincial and state parks in the Rocky Mountains","title":"Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site"},{"docid":"19736780","text":"The Colorado Mountain Club (CMC), formed in 1912, is a nonprofit, 501 (c)(3) outdoor education organization based in Golden, Colorado that gathers and disseminates information regarding Colorado's mountains in the areas of art, science, literature and recreation. The club advocates for the preservation of the alpine regions, and was instrumental in the creation of Rocky Mountain National Park. The CMC has its own press with over 30 published titles, and has continuously published Trail & Timberline magazine since 1918. History From 25 charter members in 1912, the club rapidly grew to 200 members barely a year later, when the CMC became a nonprofit corporation. Charter members included such notable historic figures as Enos Mills, Roger Toll, and Carl Blaurock. In 1974, the club purchased its first permanent home in Denver, Colorado. In 1993, the CMC partnered with the American Alpine Club to found the American Mountaineering Center in Golden, Colorado. The building houses the largest mountaineering library in the world, as well as a state-of-the-art museum, which opened in February, 2008, and is named for famed mountaineer Henry Bradford Washburn Jr. Groups The CMC has a state-level organization along with 14 local groups, serving communities such as Denver, Boulder, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, and Aspen. Education The club first ventured into education by forming a mountaineering school in 1939. Today, the club offers classes in a variety of subjects, including wilderness trekking, nature photography, mountaineering, climbing, wilderness first aid, fly fishing, and leadership. Classes are taught by volunteers and often involve lectures and field days. Trips Members of the club are able to sign up for trips, most of which take place within the state of Colorado. Trips are led by volunteer trip leaders who handle the planning and organization as well as the execution. Trips may include such activities as hiking, climbing, fishing, and photography and are offered at various levels of difficulty. The club's adventure travel program also provides international travel opportunities. Stewardship The CMC has a conservation committee that is active in representing hiker interests in the state of Colorado. It also conducts volunteer trail work throughout the state to help maintain and build hiking trails. Fourteeners The CMC is the official repository for summit registers on Colorado's popular fourteeners. It also maintains the comprehensive list of each person who has climbed all 53 of these high peaks. It also provides a free online system called for hikers to report summits of Colorado's 100 highest peaks. Notable club members throughout history Carl Blaurock, one of a pair to first climb all of Colorado's fourteeners Mary Cronin, first woman to climb all of Colorado's fourteeners Albert Russell Ellingwood, pioneering Colorado mountaineer Dick Lamm, former Governor of Colorado Enos Mills, whose efforts were influential in establishing Rocky Mountain National Park James Grafton Rogers, Denver lawyer and outdoorsman who drafted legislation to create Rocky Mountain National Park Roger Toll, who held the positions of superintendent at Yellowstone, Rocky Mountain, and Mount Rainier National Parks William Henry Jackson, famous photographer for the","title":"Colorado Mountain Club"},{"docid":"32852026","text":"The Wild Basin House was built in the southeastern corner of Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado, USA in 1931. The log residence was built to plans provided by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs at a cost of $2500, in the National Park Service rustic style. The one-story house measures by , resting on a fieldstone foundation, with a shallow-pitched wood shingle roof. The interior comprises three rooms. The Wild Basin House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. The Wild Basin Ranger Station, also listed on the NRHP, is nearby. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Boulder County, Colorado References Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Houses completed in 1931 National Park Service rustic in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Houses in Boulder County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Boulder County, Colorado 1931 establishments in Colorado","title":"Wild Basin House"},{"docid":"19899914","text":"Aspidotis densa is a species of fern in the Cheilanthoid subfamily, known by the common name Indian's dream or Serpentine fern or dense lace fern. It is native to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to California and east to the Rocky Mountains in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming; there is a disjunct population on serpentine soils in Quebec. Description This fern has leaves on long wiry brown to black petioles (stem below the leaf), with the leaf blade occupying less than half of the total length of the leaf when including the petiole. The leaves emerge from a short creeping rhizome covered with firm narrow scales. Where the petiole joins the leaf, the stem color grades to green and acquires a groove on its adaxial (top) surface. The leaf blades are medium to dark green, sometimes with a glaucous or bluish cast. The leaf blade is triangular and composed of many pinnae which are subdivided into narrow leaflets (pinnules). The undersides of leaflets on fertile fronds are covered with sori over which the edges of the leaflet are folded to form a false indusium. Plants often have only fertile fronds, but they sometimes exhibit frond dimorphism, with sterile fronds shorter and with broader and flatter leaflets than the fertile fronds, which rise above on long petioles. The fertile frond leaflets are folded under at the edges and appear narrow and lace-like. The flat leaflets on sterile fronds have a toothed edge, but on fertile fronds these teeth are often reduced and are not easily visible since the edges fold under to form the false indusium. Under some growth conditions only sterile fronds form. Like many ferns, new fronds are produced in spring by circinate vernation. Habitat A. densa grows in rocky areas, usually on serpentine soils on rocky mountain slopes, well-drained but seasonally moist. It is usually found in growing full sun, but it can tolerate some shade. It can grow in rock crevices and exposed rocky outcrops in mossy cracks, and over time may creep to fill in fissures, creating well-established colonies in the outcrop. Though it grows mostly on serpentine, A. densa is also found on other rocks and soil types. Range A. densa is native largely to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to California and east to the Rocky Mountains in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. There is a disjunct population on serpentine soil in Frontenac National Park in Quebec, and closer probably disjunct populations in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah and in the Cuyamaca Mountains near San Diego California, neither apparently associated with serpentine. It typically grows in mountains from low elevations to about 3,000 meters. It also grows near sea level near coasts in a few locations associated with serpentine, notably in Marin County California and in Washington Park and Cypress Island near Anacortes Washington. As ecologic indicator Aspidotis densa is a regional ecologic indicator on areas where ultramafic rocks (serpentine) are patchy, such as the Klamath and Siskayou","title":"Aspidotis densa"},{"docid":"47700052","text":"Lamar Alexander Rocky Fork State Park (RFSP) is a state park in Unicoi County in East Tennessee. It is situated in the Blue Ridge region of the Appalachian Mountains, close to the Tennessee-North Carolina state line. The park is adjacent to the Cherokee National Forest, and it is in close proximity to the Appalachian Trail. The Sampson Mountain Wilderness is also nearby. Rocky Fork State Park was established in 2013, and facilities have not been developed, however the park does have a ranger station and gift shop located outside the park in the Flag Pond community. Hiking and mountain biking are permitted on a network of old road beds, and fishing is allowed in Rocky Fork and South Indian Creeks, below and downstream of the State Park Main Entrance Gate. The park was renamed from \"Rocky Fork State Park\" in January 2019 in honor of then-Senator Lamar Alexander, who was in his last term. Nearby state parks The following state parks are within of Rocky Fork State Park: Roan Mountain State Park Mount Mitchell State Park, North Carolina References External links Rocky Fork State Park – Tennessee Eastman Hiking and Canoeing Club's Trail Wiki State parks of Tennessee State parks of the Appalachians Protected areas of Unicoi County, Tennessee Protected areas established in 2012","title":"Lamar Alexander Rocky Fork State Park"},{"docid":"1415629","text":"Glacier National Park is part of a system of 43 parks and park reserves across Canada, and one of seven national parks in British Columbia. Established in 1886, the park encompasses , and includes a portion of the Selkirk Mountains which are part of the larger grouping of mountains, the Columbia Mountains. It also contains the Rogers Pass National Historic Site. The park's history is closely tied to two primary Canadian transportation routes, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), completed in 1885, and the Trans-Canada Highway, completed in 1963. Rogers Pass in the centre of the park eluded explorers until 1881. The railway brought with it tourism, the establishment of Glacier National Park and the construction of a popular alpine hotel. The heavy winter snows and steep, avalanche-prone valleys of the park have been a major obstacle to transportation, necessitating much railway engineering and avalanche control measures. The park contains high peaks, large, active glaciers, and one of Canada's largest cave systems. Its dense forests support populations of large mammals, birds, and alpine species. The region is noted for its heavy snowfall. The park has an extensive network of trails, three campgrounds, and four backcountry huts and cabins. Due to the major transportation routes that bisect it, Glacier National Park sees large numbers of visitors. History The Selkirk Mountains were first noted by Europeans when explorer David Thompson of the North West Company skirted around them on the Columbia River in 1811. He named them Nelson's Mountains, after Lord Horatio Nelson, but they were later renamed after an executive for the rival Hudson's Bay Company, Lord Thomas Douglas Selkirk. Finding a pass through the Selkirks became a priority after construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway began. Completion of the railway was a condition of the Colony of British Columbia upon entering Canadian Confederation in 1867. In 1865, Canadian Pacific Surveyor Walter Moberly led an expedition up the Illecillewaet River (which he named, using the Okanangan word for \"swift water\"). Despite recently discovering Eagle Pass through the nearby Monashees, Moberly failed to find a pass through the Selkirks after getting sidetracked in the Tangier Creek drainage. His party refused to explore further due to the lateness of the season, and Moberly was forced to retreat. Rogers Pass An expedition led by Major Albert Bowman Rogers up the Illecillewaet discovered a viable pass in 1881. Rogers was awarded a five thousand dollar prize for locating a route through the mountains. In 1885, the CPR constructed a line through Rogers Pass and the following year trains were travelling west to the Pacific for the first time in Canada. The federal government and the CPR quickly realized the tourism potential of the mountainous, heavily glaciated area. Following a trip by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald and his wife Agnes through the Rockies on the newly completed Trancontinental Railroad, he returned to Ottawa inspired, and led the creation of Glacier and Yoho National Parks, both established on October 10, 1886. They were the second and third","title":"Glacier National Park (Canada)"},{"docid":"28236537","text":"The northern Rocky Mountain wolf (Canis lupus irremotus), also known as the northern Rocky Mountain timber wolf, is a subspecies of gray wolf native to the northern Rocky Mountains. It is a light-colored, medium to large-sized subspecies with a narrow, flattened frontal bone. The subspecies was initially listed as Endangered on March 9, 1978, but had the classification removed in the year 2000 due to the effects of the Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan. On August 6, 2010, the northern Rocky Mountain wolf was ordered to be returned under Endangered Species Act protections by U.S. District Judge Donald Molloy in a decision overturning a previous ruling by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They were later removed on August 31, 2012 from the list because of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming meeting the population quotas for the species to be considered stable. This wolf is recognized as a subspecies of Canis lupus in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World (2005). Physiology Description This subspecies generally weighs and stands at 26–32 inches, making it one of the largest subspecies of the gray wolf. It is a lighter-colored animal that inhabits the Rocky Mountains with a coat including far more white and less black. In general, the subspecies favors lighter colors, with black mixing in among them. Its population currently resides in western Montana, eastern Idaho, western Wyoming and southern Alberta. Dietary habits The northern Rocky Mountain wolf preys primarily on the bison, elk, the Rocky Mountain mule deer, and the beaver, though it is an opportunistic animal and will prey upon other species if the chance arises. But, for the most part, small prey animals do not make up a large part of its diet. When an individual or a pack is able to take down numerous prey, the amount a northern Rocky Mountain wolf eats daily will generally make up about 10–21% of its body mass, though there have been recorded instances of an individual eating up to 37% of its body mass. However, when prey is not as plentiful, northern Rocky Mountain wolves are able to survive for considerably long periods of time while eating only small amounts. Cannibalism, in times of severe food shortage, occurs, as a pack will kill and eat an injured or weak member of the group. History Early recorded history of the northern Rocky Mountain wolf found it roaming primarily in the forests that would later become known as Yellowstone National Park. They resided nearby Native Americans of the Tukudika tribe, who considered the wolf to be a sacred animal. As the American population began spreading west in the late 19th century, ranchers, farmers, and cattle drivers began to settle in the area. In due time, the northern Rocky Mountain wolf began preying on the livestock brought by the settlers. A practice of eradication was enacted in 1915, through the use of guns, traps, and poison. This policy was made even more all encompassing by the creation of the National Park Service","title":"Northern Rocky Mountain wolf"},{"docid":"27379984","text":"The High Trips were large annual wilderness excursions organized and led by the Sierra Club, beginning in 1901. The High Trips lasted until the early 1970s, and were replaced by a larger number of smaller trips to wilderness areas worldwide. Origin Sierra Club secretary William Colby initiated the High Trips, which usually traveled to the High Sierra, and led them from 1901 to 1929. Colby wrote, \"It was from John Muir, President of the Club, that I received the warmest encouragement. He was highly enthusiastic, and told me that he had long been trying to get the Club to undertake just such outings.\" Edward T. Parsons, a former member of The Mazamas, an Oregon mountaineering club, was also involved with the early logistics, as that club had conducted similar trips. Early outings lasted four full weeks, but eventually the trips were separated into two segments of two weeks each so that those with less time to spare could participate. Francis Farquhar wrote that the purpose of the High Trips was far more than to provide an enjoyable vacation to the participants, but also to \"lead them to know and appreciate the beauty and inspiration of the mountains, and to educate them to become defenders of the wilderness.\" The first High Trip in July, 1901 attracted 96 club members to Yosemite National Park. On the eve of the start of the trip, club co-founder and University of California, Berkeley geology professor Joseph LeConte died of a sudden heart attack in Yosemite Valley at age 78. Other than this sad event, the trip was a success, and the Sierra Club then began a successful fundraising drive to build LeConte Memorial Lodge in Yosemite Valley in his honor. The High Trip the next and subsequent years doubled in size. Logistics The high trips were complex affairs, with gear for approximately 200 participants packed in by mules, with a staff of up to 50 and elaborate food prepared by professional cooks. It served to establish rituals and folklore that bound the members of the club together. Participants wore bandannas around their necks, used the distinctive metal Sierra Club cup, and sang the same campfire songs year after year. When the Sierra Club was lobbying for the establishment of Kings Canyon National Park, the High Trips visited that area many times, so that more effective lobbyists for the park could become familiar with its remote beauty. Destinations and mountaineering Atthough most of the High Trips were in the Sierra Nevada, occasionally trips were scheduled to other mountain ranges of western North America, including Mount Rainier in 1905, Glacier National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and the Canadian Rockies in 1928. The July 1928 trip to the Canadian Rockies was a joint venture with The Mazamas of Oregon, and The Mountaineers of the state of Washington. A train was chartered from Oakland to Jasper Park Lodge. During this trip, participants climbed many peaks, including Redoubt Mountain, Mount Robson, Mount Edith Cavell, Mount Geikie, Mount Bastion, Mount Barbican","title":"High Trips"},{"docid":"60414786","text":"The Watchtower is a mountain summit located in the Maligne River valley of Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. It is situated in the Maligne Range and is visible from the Maligne Lake Road where it towers over Medicine Lake. Its nearest higher peak is Sirdar Mountain, to the north. History The mountain was named in 1916 by Morrison P. Bridgland (1878-1948), a Dominion Land Surveyor who named many peaks in Jasper Park and the Canadian Rockies. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1947 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of The Watchtower was made in 1951 by R.K. Irvin, J. Mowat, and R. Strong. Geology The Watchtower is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Cambrian period and pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, The Watchtower is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Excelsior Creek and Watchtower Creek, both tributaries of the Maligne River which in turn empties into the Athabasca River. See also Geography of Alberta References Gallery External links Parks Canada web site: Jasper National Park Two-thousanders of Alberta Canadian Rockies Mountains of Jasper National Park Alberta's Rockies","title":"The Watchtower (Alberta)"},{"docid":"21024883","text":"The Bear Lake Comfort Station, also known as the Bear Lake Generator Building, in Rocky Mountain National Park was designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs is the National Park Service Rustic style and was built in 1940. It was converted for use as a generator house at an unknown date and apparently no longer serves its former purpose as a public toilet. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Government buildings completed in 1940 Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park National Park Service rustic in Colorado Restrooms in the United States National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1940 establishments in Colorado","title":"Bear Lake Comfort Station"},{"docid":"69045500","text":"Sofa Mountain is a 2,515-meter (8,251-foot) summit located in Waterton Lakes National Park, in Alberta, Canada. It is part of the Lewis Range which is a subset of the Canadian Rockies, and is the easternmost mountain in the Canadian Rockies, as well as the park. It is situated east of Vimy Peak, and the nearest higher neighbor is Crypt Peak, to the southwest. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises over 1,220 meters (4,000 feet) above Middle Waterton Lake in approximately six kilometers (3.7 mi). History The mountain was named in 1865 by Kootenay Brown who wrote: \"Coming down from the mountain, where we got our first glimpse of the buffalo, we soon reached the prairie shore of a large lake at the further side of which a mountain rose to a sofa-like peak among the clouds. This mountain was afterwards called Sofa Mountain.\" This mountain's name was officially adopted in 1943 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology Like other mountains in Waterton Lakes National Park, Sofa Mountain is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was initially uplifted beginning 170 million years ago when the Lewis Overthrust fault pushed an enormous slab of precambrian rocks thick, wide and long over younger rock of the cretaceous period. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, Sofa Mountain has an alpine subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from Sofa Mountain drains to the Waterton River and Belly River. See also Geology of the Rocky Mountains Geology of Alberta References External links Parks Canada web site: Waterton Lakes National Park Weather forecast: Sofa Mountain Two-thousanders of Alberta Waterton Lakes National Park Alberta's Rockies","title":"Sofa Mountain"},{"docid":"4730589","text":"Torngat Mountains National Park () is a Canadian national park located on the Labrador Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The park encompasses of mountainous terrain between Northern Quebec and the Labrador Sea. It is the largest national park in Atlantic Canada and the southernmost national park in the Arctic Cordillera. It partially contains the Torngat Mountains, the highest mountains in mainland Canada east of the Rocky Mountains. The Torngat Mountains National Park was created to honour the relationship that Inuit of Labrador and Nunavik have with the land. Parks Canada works with these groups in order to conserve the ecological integrity of the land, as well as to inform visitors of the park's history with Inuit groups. The subarctic mountains are part of the greater Inuit homeland, known as Inuit Nunangat. The area in and around the park is governed by Inuit and it has been named \"Nunatsiavut\", translating to \"our beautiful land\" in their native language. The mountains are an important place for the Inuit and have been known as the \"place of spirits\". An area called Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve was set aside with enactment of the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement on December 1, 2005, with the intention of creating a national park. When the Nunavik Inuit Land Claims Agreement came into effect on July 10, 2008, the park was officially established, and the National Park Reserve became Torngat Mountains National Park, the first in Labrador. In the Torngat Mountains, there are diverse animal and plant species in ecological communities. Indigenous cultures are deeply connected to and dependent on caribou for their food resources and cultures. This park protects wildlife including: boreal woodland caribou, black bears, Labrador wolf packs, red and Arctic foxes, polar bears, peregrine falcon, and golden eagle among others. Four different climatic regions enable these different species to co-exist. As the temperature rises, the ice in this area shrinks and shrubs grow rapidly, affecting local residents, species and tourists. The park is open year-round and is accessible via charter air flight, cruise ship, or snowmobile. It offers wilderness-oriented recreational activities such as, hiking, scrambling, and kayaking. Creation of park During the 1970s, Parks Canada had a goal of creating national parks in 39 divided regions of the country, which were chosen based on vegetation and landscape. The Torngat Mountains were chosen to be conserved as part of this plan. Labrador and Nunavik Inuit also had interests in conserving the Torngat Mountains, as the land is embedded in their culture and history. The goal of collaborating with these Inuit groups was made to honour their rights, interests, and the relationship they have with the land. Being the tallest mountains in Canada, aside from the Rocky Mountains, the Torngat Mountains were a desired landscape to conserve. Usage of the park is meant for all Canadians to enjoy, with special interest being given to Nunavik and Labrador Inuit to use the designated land and its resources. These are some of the intended purposes","title":"Torngat Mountains National Park"},{"docid":"59362161","text":"Park Mountain is a mountain summit located above the southwest shore of Lake McArthur in Yoho National Park, in the Bow Range of the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Biddle, to the east. Park Mountain is situated four kilometres west of the Continental Divide, and southeast of Field, British Columbia. History The mountain was named in 1915 because of the \"park-like\" setting of the area. The Lake O'Hara area that the mountain is located in is a gem within a park, the best that the Canadian Rockies has to offer. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1904 by a survey party. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1952 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology Park Mountain is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, Park Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from Park Mountain drains into tributaries of the Kicking Horse River which is a tributary of the Columbia River. References See also Geography of British Columbia External links Parks Canada web site: Yoho National Park Park Mountain and Odaray Mountain panoramic photo: Flickr Two-thousanders of British Columbia Canadian Rockies Mountains of Yoho National Park Kootenay Land District","title":"Park Mountain"},{"docid":"19425093","text":"Eagle Nest Lake State Park is a state park in New Mexico, United States. The park is located outside Eagle Nest, approximately east of Taos. It was established on July 3, 2004. Its main attraction is a lake which is popular for fishing and boating in the summer, and ice fishing and snowmobiling in the winter. The lake itself is a man-made reservoir created when the Cimarron River was impounded by the Eagle Nest Dam in 1918. Before this, the St Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Railroad did some grading work in 1907 on an unfinished extension from its terminus at Ute Park to Taos, including boring a tunnel here. The lake is home to several species of fish, including rainbow trout, brown trout, kokanee salmon, yellow perch, common carp, white sucker, and northern pike, which were introduced into Eagle Nest Lake (by law, anglers must harvest/keep pike, because of their threat to the lake's gamefish populations). Eagle Nest Lake is at an elevation of , making it an alpine lake, and it is situated in a glacial valley on the slopes of Wheeler Peak, New Mexico's highest mountain. The surrounding mountains are rich in wildlife such as elk, deer, turkeys and bears. Gallery References External links Eagle Nest Lake State Park Friends of Eagle Nest Lake and Cimarron Canyon State Parks Lakes of the Rocky Mountains State parks of New Mexico Parks in Colfax County, New Mexico Protected areas established in 2004 Provincial and state parks in the Rocky Mountains","title":"Eagle Nest Lake State Park"},{"docid":"42384289","text":"The Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve is a tract of land owned by the government of the Canadian province of Alberta (called \"Crown land\") along the eastern slopes and foothills of the Albertan section of the Canadian Rockies. It is a long strip of land just east of the more famous Canadian Rocky Mountain parks, which is managed for forest and water conservation, public recreation, and industrial goals, rather than aesthetic and preservation goals, as in the Rocky Mountain parks. Forest reserves were established for \"...(1) the reserving of timber supplies, (2) the reserving of areas unsuited to agriculture so that they would not be homesteaded, and (3) the preserving of the water level in streams by conserving the timber on the upper watersheds\". Government of Canada (1911). \"All forest reserves are set aside and constituted for the conservation of the forests and other vegetation in the forests and for the maintenance of conditions favourable to an optimum water supply in those reserves.\" Province of Alberta (2004). The surveyor William Pearce was an early and influential advocate of preserving the region, and he convinced the government to set aside a large part of the region from the agricultural settlement occurring elsewhere in the Canadian West. His continued efforts persuaded the Canadian government, in 1902, to enlarge the adjacent Rocky Mountain Park (later Banff National Park) to , twice its modern size. The Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve was first created in 1910 by the federal government of Canada by privy council order #939 to conserve forests and protect the headwaters of the rivers that supply most of the Canadian prairies from development. Since its inception, the area has been managed to conserve headwaters while allowing industrial activity, particularly logging and mining, with secondary importance placed on heavy tourist uses, in contrast to the neighbouring national parks. Nevertheless, water has been a recurring theme, with the protection of the headwaters always being the stated priority of government agencies. A 1911 report on the area by the Department of the Interior describes it as The size and shape of the reserve changed repeatedly and dramatically in its early years. In its original configuration in 1910, the forest reserve constituted two disconnected pieces of land, neither of which are part of the modern reserve. The more northerly part was north of Jasper National Park (today the Willmore Wilderness), and the southerly section was between Jasper National Park and Rocky Mountain Park (today the northern third of Banff National Park). In 1911, Jasper and Rocky Mountain parks were reduced in size and the land transferred to the Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve. The reserve was expanded eastwards in 1913. In 1917, Rocky Mountain Park and in 1927 Jasper Park were greatly expanded at the expense of the reserve. In 1929 and 1930, the park boundaries were adjusted slightly, giving the Kananaskis valley back to the reserve. With the passage of the Alberta Natural Resources Act, 1930, management of the parks and reserve became separated, as all public","title":"Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve"},{"docid":"52119498","text":"Bierstadt Lake is located in Larimer County, Colorado and within the Rocky Mountain National Park. Near McHenrys Peak and Longs Peak, there are \"spectacular views\" of the Continental Divide at the lake. The Bierstadt Lake Trailhead is located about from the turn-off at U.S. Route 36 into the Rocky Mountain National Park. During the summer, shuttle buses provide transportation to the trailhead. The lake sits atop a lateral moraine on the side and end of Bartholf Glacier and drains into Mill Creek. It is named for Albert Bierstadt, a noted landscape artist, whose 1870s paintings of Longs Peak and Bierstadt Lake are among the Denver Art Museum's collection. Geology and hydrology Bierstadt Lake rests on a plateau on the Bierstadt Moraine, which is a \"massive\" moraine created by debris left from the receding Bartholf Glacier. The glacier, never more than long, \"originated on the highest mountain in the park\". Because it was a steep glacier, \"its gouging action was vigorous\". Glacial lobes at Glacier Gorge, Loch Vale, and Flattop Mountain joined and moved iced in Barthlolf Park. Debris trapped in the ice created the Bierstadt Moraine that lies between Glacier and Mill Creeks and is more than wide and is more than above the floor of Bartholf Park. The lake was formed when a dam was made from glacial debris deposits. Water from the lake drains into Mill Creek within the Mill Creek basin, which is a flat valley with a scenic meadow. Author Lisa Foster describes the long glacial ridge as \"one of the most dramatic lateral moraines in the Rocky Mountain National Park\". On the north side of the moraine is Hollowell Park and the Mill Creek Basin. The steep south side sits above Bear Creek Road. History It was first called \"Hanging Lake\" by Native Americans due to its \"perched condition\" on the side of Bartholf Glacier. Bierstadt Lake was officially given its name in 1932, prior to that the name was on a reprinted U.S. Geological Survey map created in 1922. Like Mount Bierstadt, it was named to honor Albert Bierstadt, a landscape artist, who visited and painted the Rocky Mountains. He may have become the first European to visit the summit of Mount Blue Sky when he climbed it in 1863. Mount Blue Sky is from Mount Bierstadt. In 1876, Bierstadt was commissioned by Windham Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl to make an exceptionally large canvas painting of Longs Peak and Estes Park for $15,000, . Bierstadt traveled throughout the area with Theodore Whyte, the earl's associate, and created sketches and paintings. The two men also looked for a suitable site, with a great view of Longs Peak, to construct an English hotel for the earl. Bierstadt took a particular interest in the lake, and Whyte is credited for naming the lake in honor of the artist. He \"created one of his many spectacular images of the West\" at the lake. Harold Marion Dunning, an early historian, chronicled \"that Bierstadt's favorite place for","title":"Bierstadt Lake"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2337885\",\n \"text\": \"Lewis and Clark National Forest is located in west central Montana, United States. Spanning , the forest is managed as two separate zones. The eastern sections, under the Jefferson Division, is a mixture of grass and shrublands dotted with \\\"island\\\" pockets of forested areas. Here, cattle leases to local ranchers as well as timber harvesting are the norm. The western Rocky Mountain Division, which straddles the Continental divide, is managed chiefly for environmental preservation, as much of the land has been designated as wilderness. Forest headquarters are located in Great Falls, Montana. Local ranger district offices have been established in Choteau, Harlowton, Neihart, Stanford, and White Sulphur Springs. The forest lands were defined and established by the federal government in 1897, following its Treaty of 1896 with the Blackfeet establishing their adjacent reservation. This forest is one of the oldest forest preserves in the U.S. The forest is named in honor of the members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which passed through the forest between 1804 and 1806 while exploring the Louisiana Purchase for President Thomas Jefferson. Prior to that, the region was inhabited by various cultures of Native Americans for a period of at least 8,000–10,000 years. When the Lewis and Clark Expedition came to this area, different areas of the large forest territory were used by members of the Blackfeet, Sioux, Cheyenne, Flathead and Crow nations for hunting and as an area for their seasonal winter camps. The forests provided shelter from the winter. Description Altitudes range from to the top of Rocky Mountain Peak at . The forest is divided into seven separate sections and encompasses eight mountain ranges; the Judith, Big Snowy, Little Snowy, Crazy, Castle, Little Belt and Highwood Mountains. The westernmost section includes portions of the Scapegoat and the Bob Marshall wildernesses, and borders Glacier National Park to the north. The western Rocky Mountain Division, informally called the Rocky Mountain Front, consists of a dense coniferous forest and has numerous species of spruce, fir, and pine. The Jefferson Division is dominated by ponderosa and lodgepole pine which prefer a drier climate. The grizzly bear and timber wolf are found in the western sections of the forest, and are especially dense in the designated wilderness areas. In addition, the western section contains much of the wildlife present at the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition through the region. Mountain goats, bighorn sheep, elk, cougars, Canadian lynxes, wolverines and black bears are most common nearest the Continental Divide. In other sections of the forest, black bears, mule deer and white-tailed deer are the largest mammals found. Coyotes, raccoons, beavers, minks, muskrats, river otters and Columbian white-tailed deer inhabit the up-stream inlands. Throughout the forest, bald eagles, grouse, peregrine falcon and red tailed hawks are increasing in numbers. Lakes and streams are more numerous in the western section due to a higher altitude and more precipitation, and are home to the native westslope cutthroat trout. In the of rivers and streams in the forest, rainbow\",\n \"title\": \"Lewis and Clark National Forest\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"73338629\",\n \"text\": \"Whitehorse Wildland Provincial Park is a wildland provincial park in west-central Alberta, Canada. The park was established on 26 August 1998 and had an area of . On 23 July 2002, the area was changed slightly to . The park is included in the Upper Athabasca Region Land Use Framework. The park is named for the creek within the boundaries of the park. Location The park is in Yellowhead County in western Alberta, approximately southwest of Robb and south of Cadomin, Alberta. Jasper National Park borders the park to the west. Whitehorse Wildland is adjacent to Whitehorse Creek Provincial Recreation Area. Ecology In the National Ecological Framework for Canada used by Environment and Climate Change Canada, the park is in the Luscar and Ram River Foothills ecodistricts of the Western Alberta Upland ecoregion in the Boreal Foothills ecoprovince of the Boreal Plains ecozone. Under the OneEarth classification (previously World Wildlife Fund), the park is in the Northern Rockies Conifer Forests ecoregion of the Greater Rockies & Mountain Forests bioregion. Geography The northern part of the park contains the watershed of the Whitehorse Creek and the ridges of foothills forming the valley for the creek. The northern ridge that bounds the Whitehorse Creek valley is the Nikanassin Range while the southern is the Miette Range. Within the park, in the Nikanassin Range are four mountains: Luscar Mountain at elevation, Leyland Mountain (), Mount Gregg (). and Mount Sir Harold Mitchell (). The Miette Ranges contains several unnamed mountains in elevation. The southern arm of the park follows the Cardinal Divide Ridge. The Cardinal Divide, with an elevation of , is the continental divide between two major watersheds: the McLeod and Athabasca Rivers, which eventually drain into the Arctic Ocean; and the Cardinal, Brazeau, and North Saskatchewan Rivers, which eventually drain into Hudson Bay. In the southern arm contains several named mountains: Prospect Mountain (), Cheviot Mountain (), and Tripoli Mountain (). In addition, two mountains form the border with Jasper National Park and are thus partially in Whitehorse Wildland park: Blackface Mountain () and Climax Mountain (). The elevation of Whitehorse Creek when it leaves the park is . There is an extensive trail network in the park for hiking and horseback trail riding. Climate The Köppen climate classification of the park is Continental, Subarctic (Dfc) characterized by long, cold winters, and short, warm to cool summers. Using the data from a nearby weather stations (Luscar Creek), average daily temperatures for 1991 to 2020 exceeds only for June, July, and August while average daily temperatures are less than for November through March. At Luscar Creek, the long-run average precipitation from 1991 to 2020 for the wettest months, June and July, is per month; conversely, the station receive less than per month from October through March. Natural history The park is home to many wildlife species. Ungulates include bighorn sheep, elk, moose, and mule deer. Carnivores include grizzly bears, wolves, and cougars. Among the small mammals are hoary marmots and American pikas.\",\n \"title\": \"Whitehorse Wildland Provincial Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6963071\",\n \"text\": \"Austria has six national parks, all of them internationally accepted according to the IUCN standard. The first national park, Hohe Tauern, was established in 1981. They include each of Austria's most important natural landscape types — alluvial forest, Alpine massif, Pannonian steppe and rocky valleys. Development First plans for the protection of the Hohe Tauern mountain range were evolved by Austrian Alpine Club, which in 1915-18 acquired large mountainous areas. However, the national park project was abandoned in the late 1930s and not resumed until 1971, when the federal states of Salzburg, Tyrol and Carinthia signed the Heiligenblut Agreement, followed by similar initiatives in Lower and Upper Austria. The establishment of each national park took several years; as conflicts of use and the question of funding had to be resolved. The parks are managed by contracts between one or more of the federal states and the Federal Government, with the financing shared equally between the Austrian government and the respective province. The national park administrations offer more than 300 green jobs. The park centres provide the public with educational services on ecology and environmental protection, information and leisure activities. With about 400,000 visitors a year, they play an important role in Austrian tourism. National Parks Of the seven national parks, four are protecting Austrian Alpine regions and three are covering waters. The largest park by far is Hohe Tauern; at , it is also the largest national park in Central Europe. The Neusiedler See–Seewinkel and Thayatal national parks stretch across the border with Hungary and the Czech Republic respectively. All of Austria's national parks meet IUCN Category II standards. The Nock Mountains (formerly also one of Austria's National Parks) had been classified as a Protected Landscape (Category V), and in 2012 it was converted into the core zone of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. See also List of national parks Geography of Austria References External links https://www.nationalparksaustria.at/en/ Official site. Austria National parks National parks he:גאוגרפיה של אוסטריה#פארקים לאומיים\",\n \"title\": \"National parks of Austria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"32414894\",\n \"text\": \"The Siffleur Wilderness Area is a provincially designated wilderness area in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta. It was established in 1961 and it, as one of the three wilderness areas of Alberta, has the strictest form of government protection available in Canada. All development is forbidden and only travel by foot is permitted. Hunting and fishing are not allowed. The other two wilderness areas are White Goat Wilderness Area and Ghost River Wilderness Area and together the three areas total . Siffleur is located near the west end and south side of Canadian Highway 11 and slightly south of the White Goat Wilderness area. It is near the north end of Banff National Park and the south end of Jasper National Park. Mountains rise to . The area has rugged mountains, glacier-carved valleys, mountain lakes, and alpine meadows. There are two distinct vegetation zones. Above , the tree line, are grasses, sedges and wildflowers. Below that are subalpine forests of spruce, fir, and lodgepole pine. At even lower elevations there are aspen and balsam poplar. Animals in the lower regions include woodland caribou, moose, elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer, grizzly bear, black bear, cougar, coyote, timber wolf, and wolverine. Animals in the upper regions include golden-mantled ground squirrels, bighorn sheep, mountain goat, hoary marmot, pika, white-tailed ptarmigan, grey-crowned rosy finch, water pipit and horned lark. Eagles are seen in both the lower and upper regions. Like Siffleur Mountain and Siffleur River, the name was chosen by James Hector in 1858 for the shrill whistles of the marmot which inhabit the area. References External links Alberta Parks Protected areas of Alberta Parks in the Canadian Rockies Protected areas established in 1961\",\n \"title\": \"Siffleur Wilderness Area\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1852063\",\n \"text\": \"Lawn Lake Dam was an earthen dam in Rocky Mountain National Park, United States that failed on July 15, 1982, at about 6 a.m., in an event known as the flood of 1982. The sudden release of of water resulted in a flash flood that killed three people camping in the park and caused $31 million in damage to the town of Estes Park, Colorado and other downstream areas. Lawn Lake Lawn Lake was originally a natural lake with a surface area of , located at an elevation of approximately in the Rocky Mountains. In 1903 a group of farmers from Loveland built a dam to increase it to a surface area of for the purpose of providing water for irrigation in Loveland. Dam failure Over the years the road that had been cut to permit construction of the dam fell into disrepair and ceased to exist. Because of the dam's remote and difficult location, inspection and repairs lapsed. The Colorado State Engineer determined that the probable cause of the dam failure was deterioration of lead caulking on the joint between the outlet pipe and the gate valve leading to internal erosion of the earth-fill dam. There had been issues reported during inspections in 1951, 1975, 1977 and 1978. When the dam failed the waters rushed down the Roaring River valley, which falls in , at a peak rate of , scouring a large gully out of the mountain stream and killing one person camping alongside it. At this rate, the lake emptied in about half an hour. When the waters reached the broader valley of Fall River at Horseshoe Park they spread out and slowed, leaving behind a large alluvial fan of debris. The flood continued down Fall River and hit the Cascade Dam which stored water to run a hydroelectric plant about a mile (2 km) downstream. Cascade Dam failed from the onslaught and added its waters to the flood. The Aspenglen campground was destroyed and two campers who returned to recover camping gear lost their lives, due to insufficient warning from park rangers. The flood entered the town of Estes Park and caused severe damage to 177 downtown businesses (75 percent of Estes Park's commercial activity). In Estes Park the flood joined the Big Thompson River and flowed into Lake Estes on the eastern edge of the city. Olympus Dam, part of the Colorado-Big Thompson Project, there withstood the deluge and the flood was halted. Aftermath As a consequence of the dam failure, aging dams at Pear Reservoir, Bluebird Lake and Sandbeach Lake in the park were demolished and removed. References Hydrology, Geomorphology, and Dam-break Modeling of the July 15, 1982, Lawn Lake Dam and Cascade Lake Dam Failures, Larimer County, Colorado. Dams in Colorado Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado Buildings and structures in Rocky Mountain National Park Dam failures in the United States Disasters in Colorado Estes Park, Colorado 1982 in Colorado 1982 disasters in the United States 1903 establishments in Colorado 1982 disestablishments\",\n \"title\": \"Lawn Lake Dam\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10090599\",\n \"text\": \"The National Park-to-Park Highway was an auto trail in the United States in the 1910s and 1920s, plotted by A. L. Westgard. It followed a large loop through the West, connecting twelve national parks: Rocky Mountain National Park Yellowstone National Park Glacier National Park Mount Rainier National Park Crater Lake National Park Lassen Volcanic National Park Yosemite National Park General Grant National Park (now part of Kings Canyon) Sequoia National Park Zion National Park Grand Canyon National Park Mesa Verde National Park History In 1914, Secretary of the Interior Lane entered into an agreement with the Office of Public Roads to develop road access to Glacier, Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks. When Stephen T. Mather became involved with the national parks, he invited the Office of Public Roads Engineer T. Warren Allen to speak at the 1915 Berkeley National Parks Conference. Mather had concerns over letting the Office of Public Roads develop highway systems within the national parks. While Allen's approach to public roads saw no difference between national forests and national parks, his involvement was an early indication of the public interest in driving. It was the following year that Mather joined the campaign for the Park-to-Park Highway. The National Park-to-Park Highway Association was formed in 1916 and began promoting roads and roadway improvements in the Northwest and Rocky Mountain states. Other highway associations had been supporting a variety of routes linking the scenic wonders of the western national parks. In 1915, a Denver group of motorists took off on a journey from Rocky Mountain National Park to Yellowstone. The Wonderland Trail Association was already promoting the next segment of the journey from Yellowstone to Glacier and then westward to Mount Rainier. In 1917, the Parks Highway Association began marking the route from Glacier to Mount Rainier and added a southern segment to Crater Lake. By 1919, there were annual meetings of the National Park-to-Park supporters. That same year, Charles Goodwin was assigned as Superintendent at Glacier. Here, he began to work on developing potential routes through the park. When Mather's preference for an east-west link across the park was made known, he began looking for a route to link the two sides that would complement the Park-to-Park Highway. This route would become the Going-to-the-Sun Road. By 1920, eleven states were involved in the Park-to-Park Highway program. The proposed route would cover of roads and numerous feeders to and from the various national parks. Notes External links Map of the National Park-to-Park Highway from 1924 National Parks Traveler: The National Park to Park Highway 2009 PBS documentary Auto trails in the United States National parks of the United States 1916 establishments in the United States\",\n \"title\": \"National Park to Park Highway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"32873700\",\n \"text\": \"The Timberline Cabin in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA was built in 1925 to house workers on the Fall River Road. The National Park Service rustic style cabin was designed by the National Park Service's Landscape Engineering Division under the direction of Thomas Chalmers Vint. The cabin was later used as a patrol cabin and as a caretaker's residence. The one-story cabin stood above the timberline. It was built of concrete with a stone veneer. The roof framing used peeled logs with an asphalt roll roofing weather surface, protected by a log lattice on top. The cabin had two doors and ten windows, and measured about by . The Timberline Cabin was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. It has since been demolished. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places listings in Rocky Mountain National Park References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park National Park Service rustic in Colorado Residential buildings completed in 1925 Buildings and structures in Grand County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Grand County, Colorado 1925 establishments in Colorado\",\n \"title\": \"Timberline Cabin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21052971\",\n \"text\": \"The Twin Sisters Lookout, also known as the Twin Sisters Radio Tower and the Twin Sisters Shelter Cabin, was built by the U.S. Forest Service in 1914, the year before the establishment of Rocky Mountain National Park. The rustic stone structure was taken over by the National Park Service in 1925. The one-story building has an arched roof with a trap door to provide access when snow has drifted over the ground-level door. From 1914 to 1969 the shelter served as accommodations for fire observation crews at a nearby frame lookout, which has since vanished. The building is now used as a radio repeater station. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado References External links at the National Park Service's NRHP database Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Government buildings completed in 1914 National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Geography of Larimer County, Colorado Rustic architecture in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1914 establishments in Colorado Roosevelt National Forest\",\n \"title\": \"Twin Sisters Lookout\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4271630\",\n \"text\": \"Height of the Rockies Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian Rockies of south eastern British Columbia, Canada. It is located west of the Continental Divide (in this region, the British Columbia/Alberta Border), adjacent to Elk Lakes Provincial Park. Description and access The park comprises in East Kootenay on the western side of the Continental Divide, which in this region forms the border between British Columbia and Alberta. It borders Elk Lakes Provincial Park, also in British Columbia, to which it is linked by a trail, and Banff National Park and Peter Lougheed Provincial Park in Alberta. The park lies east of Invermere; the closest communities are Elkford to the south and Canal Flats and Radium Hot Springs to the west. The park is accessible on foot or horseback via logging roads and trails to 6 trailheads. All mechanized access is forbidden, and there are no campgrounds or other park services in the park. The Great Divide Trail passes through the park. The park is an Alpine environment with forested bottomland. It includes several lakes, the Palliser River valley, the Middle Fork of the White River, and the Royal Group of mountains. It encompasses 26 peaks over . The highest peak, Mount Joffre (), is on the border with Alberta. There are seven important mountain passes. Wildlife The park is important habitat for wildlife, in particular grizzly bears, and also contains large numbers of black bears, moose, mule deer, bighorn sheep, timber wolves, and cougars. There are more than 2,000 elk and one of the highest densities of mountain goats in the world. Cutthroat trout are plentiful in many lakes and streams and are taken from the park for the Kootenay native species stocking program. Hunting, trapping, and fishing are permitted at controlled levels. The park is at one end of the Southern Rocky Mountain Management Plan, aimed at coordinating ecosystem preservation and providing wildlife corridors, in particular for grizzly bears. Also to provide more comprehensive protection of the environment and wildlife habitat, British Columbia has considered asking the United Nations to add Height of the Rockies and 5 other provincial parks to the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site. History The passes through what is now the park were used by the Kootenai Indians and by mid-19th-century European explorers. Two archaeological sites over 8,000 years old have been identified on the Middle Fork of the White River. A national park was proposed early in the 20th century. In 1936 the White River Game Reserve was established. However, construction of logging roads and clearcutting became so extensive in the Southern Canadian Rockies that by 1986, the area that is now the park had become the last major refuge for wildlife in the region. Two provincial environmental organisations, BC Spaces for Nature and the Palliser Wilderness Society, with guide outfitter Hiram Cody Tegart, led a campaign to protect it permanently by making it a wilderness park, and in 1987, after a twelve-year process of negotiation between government, conservationists,\",\n \"title\": \"Height of the Rockies Provincial Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1716007\",\n \"text\": \"The Poudre Canyon is a narrow verdant canyon, approximately 40 miles (64 km) long, on the upper Cache la Poudre River (called the \\\"Poudre\\\" for short, which locals pronounce as \\\"Pooder\\\") in Larimer County, Colorado in the United States. The canyon is a glacier-formed valley through the foothills of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains northwest of Fort Collins. Description The canyon begins in northern Rocky Mountain National Park, at an elevation of approximately , where the Poudre descends from near the continental divide. It winds gently to the northeast, then east, descending the slope of the Colorado Tertiary Pediment, emerging through the southern end of the Laramie Foothills north of Bellvue at an elevation of approximately . Except for the small upper portion of the canyon north of Rocky Mountain National Park, State Highway 14 runs through the canyon. The route of the highway provides the principal vehicle access to the canyon and furnishes a road link between Fort Collins and North Park on the western side of Cameron Pass, which is accessible from the upper canyon. Most of the canyon is within the Canyon Lakes Ranger District of the Roosevelt National Forest, which is headquartered in nearby Fort Collins. The flanks of the canyon wall are gently sloping and forested along most of its length, with the exception of several \\\"narrows\\\", at which the river has carved through recent formations leaving behind large glacial debris. The canyon is inhabited along most of its length downstream from Kinikinik. All of the communities in the canyon are unincorporated. Most of the habitation is the form of small cabins, some of which are inhabited only during season. Resort cabin communities for fishing and hunting are found sporadically along the canyon downstream from Rustic, which at one time in the late 19th century was a bustling summer resort, and burned down in 2008. The relative isolation of the canyon compared to ones further south along the Colorado Front Range gives a tranquil atmosphere with only small-scale tourist enterprises. The canyon is distinctly less developed than the Big Thompson Canyon west of Loveland. The commercial establishments, notably in Poudre Park, cater mostly to local clientele except during the fishing and whitewater rafting season, when the canyon receives a modest number of regional and national visitors. Colorado State University operates a small campus in the mountains at Pingree Park, which is named for George Pingree, an early settler in the canyon in the 19th century. Near Pingree Park is Sky Ranch Lutheran Camp, a summer camp affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The national forest in the vicinity of the canyon is laced with numerous trails that follow side gulches into the surrounding mountains. The trails serve double seasonal duty, as hiking trails in the summer and as cross-country skiing trails in the winter. One such trailhead at Long Draw Reservoir leads over La Poudre Pass along the Never Summer Mountains to the headwaters of the Colorado River in Rocky Mountain\",\n \"title\": \"Poudre Canyon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"36331105\",\n \"text\": \"Lake Louise station is a railway station in Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada. Historically served by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and Via Rail, it is now a stop for the Rocky Mountaineer and houses a restaurant. The station is on the CPR main line near Lower Lake Louise, downhill from the Chateau Lake Louise. The station was originally built for the CPR. The station was declared a heritage railway station by the federal government in 1991. Starting in 1909, it was the first of six mountain stations built by the Canadian Pacific in a rustic log building design, consistent with how the railway marketed the region as a wilderness tourist destination. The older depot that the 1910 building replaced continued to be used by the CPR for other purposes. The CPR donated it in 1976 to Heritage Park Historical Village in Calgary. The depot was moved to the park and restored to the era when the Lake Louise village was called Laggan. References External links Lake Louise Station Designated heritage railway stations in Alberta Canadian Pacific Railway stations in Alberta Rocky Mountaineer stations in Alberta Buildings and structures in Banff National Park Railway stations in Canada opened in 1910 1910 establishments in Alberta\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Louise station\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5862809\",\n \"text\": \"The Rocky Mountains Park Act () was enacted on June 23, 1887, by the Parliament of Canada, establishing Banff National Park which was then known as \\\"Rocky Mountains Park\\\". The act was modelled on the Yellowstone Park Act passed by the United States Congress in 1881. The Rocky Mountains Park Act outlined the national park concept, balancing conservation and development interests. References Further reading Banff National Park Environmental law in Canada 1880s in the environment Canadian federal legislation 1887 in Canadian law\",\n \"title\": \"Rocky Mountains Park Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"27846696\",\n \"text\": \"Jasper House National Historic Site, in Jasper National Park, Alberta, is the site of a trading post on the Athabasca River that functioned in two different locations from 1813 to 1884 as a major staging and supply post for travel through the Canadian Rockies. The post was originally named Rocky Mountain House, but was renamed to avoid confusion with the Rocky Mountain House trading post on the North Saskatchewan River, becoming \\\"Jasper's House\\\" after the postmaster, Jasper Hawes, who operated the post from 1814 to 1817. The first location is believed to have been at the outlet of Brûlé Lake, downstream from the present site. The second Jasper House was established at the northern end of Jasper Lake in 1830, primarily serving travellers crossing Yellowhead Pass or Athabasca Pass. The site operated until 1853, and was occasionally used until 1858 when it was reopened seasonally by Henry John Moberly, who operated it into the 1860s. The post was officially closed in 1884 after years of inactivity. From 1891 or 1892 to 1894 the house was used by miner Lewis Swift. The building was destroyed in 1909 when its lumber was used to make a raft by surveyors for the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Apart from a small cemetery, no significant ruins remain. It was designated a national historic site in 1924, and is marked by a commemorative stone and plaque. References External links Parks Canada site Management Plans, National Historic Sites of the Mountain Parks, evaluation of the Information Centre (Section 3.1) National Historic Sites in Alberta Jasper National Park North West Company Commercial buildings completed in 1830 Former buildings and structures in Canada Hudson's Bay Company trading posts Forts or trading posts on the National Historic Sites of Canada register Fur trade National Historic Sites of Canada 1830 establishments in the British Empire\",\n \"title\": \"Jasper House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5717531\",\n \"text\": \"The Canada National Parks Act () is a Canadian federal law that regulates protection of natural areas of national significance. As of March 2019, the Canada National Parks Act extended federal protection to 47 national parks and park reserves across the country covering more the 300,000 km2 of habitat. The current Canada National Parks Act received royal assent on October 20, 2000 and has been amended since. The first national parks act in Canada was created in 1887 shortly following the creation of the world's first national park, Yellowstone National Park, in the United States. In 1911, under a renewed national parks act, Canada became the first country in the world to establish their own national parks service. Over the course of its history, the predecessor National Parks Act struggled to define the primary intention of national parks by trying to balance parks as places both of conservation and public leisure. Remarks made by the Canadian Minister of Environment and Climate Change in 2018 signalled a renewed commitment by the Parks Canada agency to ecological conservation within national parks. Early legislation in Canada applied exclusionary policies and forcibly removed Indigenous peoples off lands in order to create national parks. With developments in the legal recognition of Aboriginal title and rights in Canada, provisions have been included within the National Parks Act to extend the right of traditional harvesting activities within national park reserves with some cases altering park management to be shared between the Parks Canada agency and local Indigenous groups. History of the Canada National Parks Act 1887—the Rocky Mountains Park Act Greatly inspired by the creation of Yellowstone National Park in the United States in 1872, the Rocky Mountains Park Act established the first distinctive national parks legislation in Canada and provided for the creation of the country's first national park, Rocky Mountain Park (now Banff National Park). Lobbied heavily for by the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Act outlined the national parks model which balanced conservation as well as development. The Act established the management of the park and its resources to be under the authority of the Minister of the Interior and the Governor in Council. The Rocky Mountains Park Act also prohibited the settlement or occupation of any of the park’s area, giving the Minister of the Interior and Governor in Council the right to remove trespassers. 1911—the Dominion Forest Reserves and Parks Act Passed by the government of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the Dominion Forest Reserves and Parks Act received royal assent on May 19, 1911. One of the most significant results of the Act was that it created the Dominion Parks Branch as a new branch of the Department of the Interior to oversee the administration of federal parks. Incidentally the Dominion Parks Branch was the first national parks service in the world to be established and James Bernard Harkin was made its first commissioner. Inspired by American environmentalist, John Muir, Harkin oversaw the number of parks in Canada triple (from 6–18). 1930—the National Parks\",\n \"title\": \"Canada National Parks Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4324110\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located around Mount Assiniboine. History The park was established 1922. Some of the more recent history that is explorable within the park include Wheeler's Wonder Lodge (Naiset) (1924), Assiniboine Lodge (1928), the first ski lodge in the Canadian Rockies, and Sunburst (1928). World Heritage Site In 1990, this park was included within the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks UNESCO World Heritage Site. Together with the other national and provincial parks that comprise the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, the park was recognized for its natural beauty and the geological and ecological significance of its mountain landscapes containing the habitats of rare and endangered species, mountain peaks, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, canyons, limestone caves and fossils. Conservation The park aims to protect a large variety of species. Eighty-four species of birds inhabit the park environs, based on sightings. Columbian ground squirrels are very common in the core area of the park. Ten species of carnivore including wolves, black bear, grizzly bear, weasel, cougar, lynx inhabit the park. Six species of ungulates: elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, moose, mountain goat, Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep roam within park boundaries. Recreation The following recreational activities are available: backcountry camping and hiking, horseback riding, cross country skiing and ski touring, fishing, and hunting. There are also climbing opportunities. Existing facilities include: 10 camping areas (75 campsites), including the main camp at Magog; 6 roofed accommodation sites (60 beds), including Mt. Assiniboine Lodge; day-use facilities at Rock Isle basin, including interpretive facilities and sanitation; 160 km of horse and hiking access trails: Assiniboine Pass, Wonder Pass, Mitchell River, Simpson River, Citadel Pass, Surprise Creek; and guide-outfitters cabins: Mitchell River and Police Meadows. Location Located 48 kilometres southwest of Banff, Alberta. No roads access the park. Backcountry hiking trails are the only access to the park, the quickest route being via Sunshine Village ski area in Banff National Park. See also List of British Columbia Provincial Parks List of Canadian provincial parks References External links Assiniboine Lodge Columbia Valley 1922 establishments in British Columbia Protected areas established in 1922\",\n \"title\": \"Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"359836\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Robson Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian Rockies with an area of 2,249 km. The park is located entirely within British Columbia, bordering Jasper National Park in Alberta. The B.C. legislature created the park in 1913, the same year as the first ascent of Mount Robson by a party led by Conrad Kain. It is the second oldest park in the provincial system. The park is named for Mount Robson, which has the highest point in the Canadian Rockies and is located entirely within the park. History The first recreational trail was built in 1913 by Jasper outfitter Donald \\\"Curly\\\" Phillips along the Robson River to Berg Lake. From May to September, the Mt. Robson Visitor Information Centre is open to the public, and is a common stop on the Yellowhead Highway. The only commercial services within the park are at a combination coffee-shop gas station complex at the same viewpoint. There are two government campgrounds near the Visitor Centre and one near Yellowhead Pass. Geography The park spans the Yellowhead Highway and is located 390 kilometres west of Edmonton or 290 kilometres east of Prince George. The source of the Fraser River is in Mount Robson Provincial Park. A dripping spring just west of a pond at Fraser Pass is the actual source of British Columbia's longest river. It is located south of the Yellowhead Highway at Lucerne Campground. There are no trails there and the best access is by helicopter from Valemount. Notable features Notable natural features found in the park include: Arctomys Cave Berg Lake Kinney Lake Yellowhead Lake World Heritage Site In 1990 Mount Robson Park was included within the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks UNESCO World Heritage Site. Together with the other national and provincial parks that comprise the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, the park was recognized for its natural beauty and the geological and ecological significance of its mountain landscapes containing the habitats of rare and endangered species, mountain peaks, glaciers, lakes, waterfalls, canyons, limestone caves and fossils. See also List of British Columbia Provincial Parks List of World Heritage Sites in Canada References Further reading Adams, Ansel (2013). Ansel Adams In The Canadian Rockies. Little, Brown and Company. External links 1913 establishments in British Columbia Parks in the Canadian Rockies Protected areas established in 1913 Robson Valley Provincial and state parks in the Rocky Mountains\",\n \"title\": \"Mount Robson Provincial Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"358789\",\n \"text\": \"Banff is a town in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada, in Alberta's Rockies along the Trans-Canada Highway, west of Calgary and east of Lake Louise, above Banff was the first municipality to incorporate within a Canadian national park. The town is a member of the Calgary Regional Partnership. Banff is a resort town and one of Canada's most popular tourist destinations. Known for its mountainous surroundings and hot springs, it is a destination for outdoor sports and hiking, biking, scrambling and skiing. Sunshine Village, Ski Norquay and Lake Louise Ski Resort are nearby ski resorts within the national park. Toponymy The area was named Banff in 1884 by George Stephen, president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, recalling his birthplace near Banff, Scotland. The Canadian Pacific built a series of grand hotels along the rail line and advertised the Banff Springs Hotel as an international tourist resort. History Banff was first settled in the 1880s after the transcontinental railway was built through the Bow Valley. In 1883, three Canadian Pacific Railway workers stumbled upon a series of natural hot springs on the side of Sulphur Mountain. In 1885, Canada established a federal reserve of around the Cave and Basin hot springs and began promoting the area as an international resort and spa as a way to support the new railway. In 1887, the reserve area was increased to and named \\\"Rocky Mountain Park\\\". This was the beginning of Canada's National Park system. The Banff townsite was developed near the railway station as a service centre for tourists visiting the park. Services, such as St George-in-the-Pines church, were constructed through the late 19th century. It was administered by the Government of Canada's national parks system until 1990 when the Town of Banff became the only incorporated municipality within a Canadian national park. An internment camp was set up at Banff and Castle Mountain in Dominion Park from July 1915 to July 1917 mostly imprisoning Ukrainian immigrants. The prisoners of the internment camp were used as slave labour to build the infrastructure of the national park. In 1985, the United Nations declared Banff National Park, as one of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, a World Heritage Site. Banff remains one of the most popular tourist destinations in Canada. One of the most notable figures of Banff was Norman Luxton, who was known as \\\"Mr. Banff\\\". He published the Crag and Canyon newspaper, built the King Edward Hotel and the Lux Theatre, and founded the Sign of the Goat Curio Shop, which led to the development of the Luxton Museum of Plains Indians, now the Buffalo Nations Museum. He and his family helped organize the Banff Indian Days and the Banff Winter Carnival. In 1976, the International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (IAU/WGPSN) officially adopted the name Banff for a crater on Mars, after the town in Alberta. The crater is at latitude 17.7° north and longitude 30.8° west. Its diameter is . In 1991, Banff hosted the 1991 Winter Deaflympics,\",\n \"title\": \"Banff, Alberta\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"59951189\",\n \"text\": \"White Pyramid is a mountain summit located between the Howse River valley and Mistaya River valley of Banff National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Howse Peak, to the south. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,460 meters (4,790 ft) above Chephren Lake in 2.5 km (1.5 mile). White Pyramid is visible from the Icefields Parkway in the vicinity of Waterfowl Lakes. History It was named in 1901 by J. Norman Collie to distinguish it from Mount Chephren, which back then was named Pyramid Mountain. The two peaks are nearly the same in height, and separated by only one kilometre. However, White Pyramid has a glacier on its north aspect, which Chephren does not. The first ascent of White Pyramid was made in 1939 by Kate (Katie) Gardiner and guide Edward Feuz Jr. The climbing duo made many first ascents in the Canadian Rockies during the 1930s. The mountain's name was made official in 1961 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology Like other mountains in Banff Park, White Pyramid is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, White Pyramid is located in a subarctic climate zonewith cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C. Precipitation runoff from White Pyramid drains into the Mistaya River and Howse River which are both tributaries of the North Saskatchewan River. Gallery See also List of mountains in the Canadian Rockies Geography of Alberta References External links Parks Canada web site: Banff National Park White Pyramid weather: Mountain Forecast Three-thousanders of Alberta Mountains of Banff National Park Canadian Rockies Alberta's Rockies\",\n \"title\": \"White Pyramid (Banff)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13768180\",\n \"text\": \"Beaver Meadows Visitor Center, also known as Rocky Mountain National Park Administration Building, is the park headquarters and principal visitors center of Rocky Mountain National Park in central northern Colorado. Completed in 1967, it was designed by Taliesin Associated Architects, and was one of the most significant commissions for that firm in the years immediately following the death of founder Frank Lloyd Wright. It was also one of the last major projects completed under the Park Service Mission 66 project. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001. Description and history The Beaver Meadows Visitor Center is located on the south side of United States Route 36 near the principal eastern entrance to Rocky Mountain National Park. As seen from visitor (north) side, the building presents as a single-story structure, but is actually two stories owing to the sloping terrain on which it is built. It is a rectangular structure, built with a steel frame and cast concrete panels, into which slabs of sandstone have been embedded. The upper level framing has Cor-Ten steel set in a zigzag pattern inspired by Native American artworks. The building's eastern end is devoted to visitor facilities, including a lobby, amphitheater, and shop, with an inside observation area and outside balcony providing views of the Rocky Mountains. The western end houses park offices in a modular design with movable partitions. Rocky Mountain National Park was founded in 1915. As part of the Park Service's Mission 66 program to revitalize the nation's park system, the Park Service hired the firm of Taliesin Associated Architects in 1964 to design a new visitors center for the park. Construction began in 1965 and was completed in 1967. The building has been relatively little altered since then: the shop occupies a former lobby area that included benches and a fireplace, and changes in equipment for the theater necessitated the closure of a balcony entrance. Map See also Rocky Mountain National Park Utility Area Historic District National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado List of National Historic Landmarks in Colorado References External links Rocky Mountain National Park Official Site Beaver Meadows Visitor Center Information Beaver Meadows Visitor Center, described in Fodors guidebook National Historic Landmarks in Colorado Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado National Park Service visitor centers Mission 66 Tourist attractions in Larimer County, Colorado Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1967 establishments in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park\",\n \"title\": \"Beaver Meadows Visitor Center\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8758460\",\n \"text\": \"Alberta's Rockies comprise the Canadian Rocky Mountains in Alberta, Canada. On the southwestern part of the province along the British Columbia border, the region covers all but the south of Census Division 15. The main industry in this region is tourism. Geography This human region is almost identical to the Alberta Mountain forests ecozone. The region contains the Central Front Ranges and the Continental Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, and includes the Banff National Park and Jasper National Park, as well as the Kananaskis Country park system and the Willmore Wilderness. The main transportation corridors run through the Kicking Horse Pass and the Yellowhead Pass from east to west, while the Bow Valley and Athabasca River valley are followed by the longitudinal Icefields Parkway. Another important waterway that crosses this region is the North Saskatchewan River. Tourism Some of the best ski resorts of the Rockies are located in this region, and are important tourist destinations. They include Fortress Mountain Resort, Lake Louise, Marmot Basin, Mount Norquay, Nakiska and Sunshine Village. Other tourist attractions include the glaciers of the Columbia, Wapta and Waputik Icefields such as the Athabasca, Bow, Crowfoot, Hector, Peyto, Saskatchewan and Vulture Glaciers. Glacial lakes line the Icefields Parkway and dot the surrounding valleys. Some of the more spectacular are Bow, Hector, Louise, Maligne, Moraine, Peyto, Pyramid and Vermilion lakes. Infrastructure Banff and Jasper are the main communities in the region. The length is defined by the Icefields Parkway, and it is crossed by the Trans-Canada Highway and the Yellowhead Highway into British Columbia. David Thompson Highway leads from the Rockies into central Alberta from Saskatchewan River Crossing, and Banff Windermere Parkway leads from Castle Junction (south of Lake Louise) through the Kootenay National Park to the Columbia River valley. The Bighorn Highway defines most of the eastern limit of the region. Health care has been the responsibility of Alberta Health Services, since the province's health regions were amalgamated in 2008. Before then, Calgary Health Region was the health region ensuring well-being in the south of this region, while the north was supervised by the Aspen Regional Health Authority. Health care centres established in the area are: Seton Jasper Healthcare Centre - Jasper Hinton Healthcare Centre - Hinton Canmore General Hospital - Canmore Banff Mineral Springs Hospital - Banff Politics On a provincial level, southern Alberta is represented in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta by MLA's elected in the ridings of Banff-Cochrane and part of Rocky Mountain House and West Yellowhead. Communities The following communities are located in Alberta's Rockies. Towns of Banff and Canmore Municipality of Jasper (specialized municipality) Summer villages of Ghost Lake and Waiparous Hamlets of Lake Louise, Harvie Heights, Exshaw, Dead Man's Flats and Lac des Arcs Saskatchewan River Crossing (unincorporated community) Kananaskis Village (resort community) The towns of Grande Cache and Hinton, located on the eastern edge of the Rockies, are sometimes considered as part of this region. The following rural municipalities are located in Alberta's Rockies. Municipal District of Bighorn\",\n \"title\": \"Alberta's Rockies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21057192\",\n \"text\": \"The Timber Creek Campground Comfort Stations are a set of three historic public toilet facilities in Rocky Mountain National Park. Designed in 1935 by landscape architect Howard W. Baker of the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs, the National Park Service Rustic buildings were built with Civilian Conservation Corps labor in 1939. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand County, Colorado References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Buildings and structures completed in 1939 National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park National Park Service rustic in Colorado Buildings and structures in Grand County, Colorado Restrooms in the United States National Register of Historic Places in Grand County, Colorado 1939 establishments in Colorado\",\n \"title\": \"Timber Creek Campground Comfort Stations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"70092153\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Creek Wildland Provincial Park is a wildland provincial park located in the Municipal District of Ranchland, in southern Alberta, Canada. It was established on 12 May 1999, modified slightly on 24 June 2003, and is in area. The park is included in the South Saskatchewan Region Land Use Framework and administered by the South Saskatchewan Regional Plan. Because they are so intertwined, Bob Creek Wildland and Black Creek Heritage Rangeland are managed through the same Management Plan. The park gets its name from the Bob Creek that runs through the center of the park and drains the surrounding hills. Location The park is located approximately west of Claresholm and located between Alberta Highway 40 to the west and Highway 22 to the east and largely north of the Oldman River. Much of the eastern and southern borders of the park is shared with Black Creek Heritage Rangeland. The park is located on east of the Rocky Mountains on the eastern slopes of the Livingstone Range and contains \\\"The Whaleback\\\" ridge: \\\"The Whaleback[...] encompasses the most extensive, least disturbed and relatively unfragmented Montane landscape in Alberta’s Rocky Mountain natural region.\\\" The park is accessed through two points in the southern boundary. The Livingston Gap on the southwest corner of the park where the Oldman River cuts through the Livingstone Range as it leaves the Rocky Mountains. And Bob Creek Staging Area through the south-central boundary of the park. Ecology The park contains the Alpine, Sub-Alpine and Montane subregions of the Rocky Mountain Natural Region in the Alberta classification system. Together, Bob Creek Wildland and Black Creek Heritage Rangeland preserves the largest tract of montane ecosystems in Alberta. The Whaleback Ridge is the last remaining area of montane wilderness in Alberta. In the National Ecological Framework for Canada used by Environment and Climate Change Canada, the park is in the Blairmore Foothills and Crowsnest Mountains ecodistricts of the Northern Continental Divide ecoregion of the Columbia Montane Cordillera ecoprovince of the Montane Cordillera ecozone. Under the OneEarth classification (previously World Wildlife Fund), the park is in the Northern Rockies conifer forests ecoregion of the Greater Rockies & Mountain Forests bioregion. Geography The geography of the park is rolling fescue grasslands with steep ridges transitioning from grass to forests and many springs and streams along the valley bottoms. The park's geology is folded and faulted sedimentary rock with major fault lines creating ridges. This underlying rock underwent several glaciations and erosion events to create the current topography. The park contains three named ridges while wide valley floors separate the ridges. The eastern ridge, running north to south for approximately , is the Whaleback ridge. Whaleback Peak is at an elevation of , up from the eastern park boundary of . On the western boundary is two ridges. The Livingstone ridge, again running north to south, occupies the southern half of the west boundary. From an elevation of at the Oldman River at the Livingstone Gap, the Livingstone Ridge climbs going north to an\",\n \"title\": \"Bob Creek Wildland Provincial Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21306333\",\n \"text\": \"The Castle Mountain Internment Camp, located in Banff National Park, Alberta, was the largest internment facility in the Canadian Rockies, housing several hundred prisoners at any one time. Established on July 13, 1915, a total of 660 enemy aliens were interned at the facility during its entire operation. Internment Designated enemy aliens under Canada's 1914 War Measures Act, some 8,579 enemy aliens were interned during World War I as prisoners of war. Ostensibly nationals of countries at war with Canada, the vast majority however were settler immigrants, primarily of Ukrainian ethnic origin. The Castle Camp, which was built in 1915 at the base of Castle Mountain was a Canadian internment camp which held immigrant prisoners of Ukrainian, Austrian, Hungarian and German descent. Despite their civilian status, a great many were sent to prisoner of war camps located in the Canadian hinterland, to be used as military conscript labour on government work projects. Of particular note was the use of forced labour in Canada's national parks, where they were introduced there as a matter of policy to improve existing facilities and increase accessibility by developing the park system's infrastructure. By 1915 several internment camps in and around the Rocky Mountains were in full operation, including a camp at the foot of Castle Mountain, the terminal point of the then uncompleted Banff-Laggan (Lake Louise) road. Recognizing the value of future tourism, the main purpose of the camp was to push the Banff highway on through to Lake Louise, although, in addition, bridges, culverts and fireguards were also built. The camp consisted of tents within a dual barbed wire enclosure. The tents however proved inadequate during the severe winter climate, forcing the camp to relocate to military barracks built on the outskirts of the town of Banff, adjacent to the Cave and Basin, site of the original Hot Springs. While in Banff, the internees were engaged in a number of special projects: land fill and drainage of the Recreation Grounds; clearing the Buffalo Paddocks; cutting trails; land reclamation for tennis courts, golf links, shooting ranges and ski jumps; rock-crushing; quarrying stone for the Banff Springs Hotel (still under construction) and smaller public works projects such as street and sidewalk repair. With the onset of spring, the camp returned once more to the Castle Mountain site. This process of return and relocation would continue until August 1917 when the camp was finally closed when the internees were conditionally released to industry to meet the growing labour shortage. The Castle Mountain camp was a difficult facility to administer. Abuse was widespread, and although duly noted by the Directorate of Internment Operations in Ottawa, it was never corrected. Escapes were frequent. Conditions at the camp were roundly condemned by neutral observers and the Central Powers, charging Canada with violations of international norms governing the internment of enemy aliens. Understandably, the conditions at the camp would become of interest to the War Office in London and a point of discussion between the British Government and Ottawa. Legacy\",\n \"title\": \"Castle Mountain Internment Camp\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"32867145\",\n \"text\": \"The East Inlet Trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, was established in 1913 to provide access from Grand Lake to a series of lakes to the east of Grand Lake. The trail originates at the east stream inlet to Grand lake: confusingly, it is close to the west portal of the Alva B. Adams Tunnel which conveys water from the west side of the Continental Divide under the park to the east slope of the Rocky Mountains. The trail was developed further in the 1920s, but was still considered to be in poor condition. In the 1930s further improvements were made, and in 1934 workers from the Public Works Administration rebuilt the section between Lone Pine Lake and Lake Verna. In 1940 workers from the Civilian Conservation Corps improved of trail beyond Adam Falls, building causeway sections through swampy areas. The trail was rebuilt again in 1970, and was improved between 2000 and 2003 with stone steps and handrails at Adam Falls. The trail was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2005. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Rocky Mountain National Park National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand County, Colorado Architects of the National Park Service References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Civilian Conservation Corps in Colorado Buildings and structures in Grand County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Grand County, Colorado 1913 establishments in Colorado\",\n \"title\": \"East Inlet Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"44868799\",\n \"text\": \"The La Junta Railroaders were a minor league baseball team based in La Junta, Colorado. The Railroaders played in the 1912 season as members of the Class D level Rocky Mountain League. La Junta hosted home games at City Park. History In 1912, minor league baseball began in La Junta, Colorado, when the La Junta \\\"Railroaders\\\" became charter members of the four–team Class D level Rocky Mountain League. The league started the season with the Cañon City Swastikas, Colorado Springs Millionaires and Pueblo Indians teams joining the La Junta Railroaders in Rocky Mountain League play. The \\\"Railroaders\\\" moniker corresponds to local industry, with the city of La Junta located along the railroad line and the founding of the city being tied to the railroad access. Both freight and passenger trains accessed La Junta, which had a large rail yard, as well as a passenger depot built in 1895 called the El Otero. Today, the rail yard is still utilized by BNSF and the La Junta station serves Amtrak passengers. Before the 1912 season was scheduled to conclude, the Rocky Mountain League permanently folded on July 5, 1912. The La Junta Railroaders were in fourth place with a 11–22 record when the league disbanded. The Railroaders finished 13.0 games behind the first place Pueblo/Cheyenne Indians team in the final standings. The La Junta Railroaders were managed by J.F. Waller, Bill Annis and Tubby Graves. At the time he managed La Junta, Tubby Graves was serving as the head football, basketball and baseball coach at Alabama. La Junta was the only Rocky Mountain League franchise that did not relocate during the season. After 1912, La Junta has not hosted another minor league team. The ballpark The 1912 La Junta Railroaders played minor league home games at City Park. City Park was established in 1905 and is still in use today as a public park. The park is located at 10th Street and Colorado Avenue in La Junta, Colorado. Timeline Year–by–year records Notable alumni Bill Annis (1912, MGR) Tubby Graves (1912, MGR) J.F. Waller (1912, MGR) Complete roster information for the 1912 La Junta Railroaders is unknown. References External links La Junta - Baseball Reference Defunct minor league baseball teams Professional baseball teams in Colorado Defunct baseball teams in Colorado Baseball teams established in 1912 Baseball teams disestablished in 1912 Rocky Mountain League teams Otero County, Colorado 1912 establishments in Colorado 1912 disestablishments in Colorado\",\n \"title\": \"La Junta Railroaders\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21018416\",\n \"text\": \"The Fall River Pass Ranger Station in Rocky Mountain National Park was designed by National Park Service landscape architect Daniel Ray Hull in the National Park Service Rustic style. Built in 1922, the stone structure is similar in design to the Chasm Lake Shelter. Between 1933 and 1937 the ranger station was converted to a museum. The ranger station is associated with the construction of the nearby Trail Ridge Road. Located above the tree line, the building has a trap door in the roof to allow access when the door is blocked by drifting snow. See also Fall River Pump House and Catchment Basin National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado References External links Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Government buildings completed in 1922 National Park Service ranger stations Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Historic American Buildings Survey in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1922 establishments in Colorado National Park Service rustic in Colorado\",\n \"title\": \"Fall River Pass Ranger Station\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60250418\",\n \"text\": \"Tilted Mountain is a mountain summit located in Banff National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. It is part of the Sawback Range. Its nearest higher peak is Lychnis Mountain, to the east in an area of exposed Skoki Formation limestone which is known for fossils such as brachiopods, gastropods, conodonts, cephalopods, trilobites, and echinoderm fragments. History Tilted Mountain was named in 1911 by James F. Porter for the tilted layers of rock strata. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology Like other mountains in Banff Park, Tilted Mountain is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, Tilted Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. See also Geography of Alberta Geology of Alberta References External links Weather forecast: Tilted Mountain Parks Canada web site: Banff National Park Two-thousanders of Alberta Mountains of Banff National Park Alberta's Rockies Canadian Rockies\",\n \"title\": \"Tilted Mountain\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21052449\",\n \"text\": \"The Rocky Mountain National Park Utility Area Historic District in Rocky Mountain National Park documents the early administrative core of the park. Beginning in 1920 and continuing into the 1930s, park service and administrative structures were built in the National Park Service Rustic style. Most buildings were built of logs under a policy of blending with the natural landscape. Later construction has respected the materials and scale of the area. Structures include McLaren Hall, designed by landscape architect W.G. Hill, a number of employee residences including the superintendent's residence, equipment sheds, garages and utility buildings. Many of the buildings built in the 1930s were built by Civilian Conservation Corps labor. The Beaver Meadows Visitor Center is individually listed as a National Historic Landmark. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Park Service rustic in Colorado Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Civilian Conservation Corps in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1982 establishments in Colorado\",\n \"title\": \"Rocky Mountain National Park Utility Area Historic District\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6462572\",\n \"text\": \"The Comanche Peak Wilderness is a U.S. Wilderness Area located in the Roosevelt National Forest on the Canyon Lakes Ranger District in Colorado along the northern boundary of Rocky Mountain National Park. The wilderness named for its most prominent peak was established in 1980. There are of hiking trails inside the wilderness. Roosevelt National Forest and Rocky Mountain National Park officially maintain 19 trails within the Wilderness, 5 of which pass into Rocky Mountain National Park. There are also 7 named peaks, 6 named lakes (including Comanche Reservoir) and 16 named rivers and creeks within the wilderness boundaries. Climate References Protected areas of Larimer County, Colorado Wilderness areas of Colorado Protected areas established in 1980 Roosevelt National Forest\",\n \"title\": \"Comanche Peak Wilderness\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"76300843\",\n \"text\": \"Esther Burnell Mills (August 1889–April 8, 1964) was an American pioneer and homesteader in Estes Park, Colorado. Esther Burnell and her sister became the National Park Service's first certified nature guides. She married Enos Mills, who led the establishment of the Rocky Mountain National Park. They ran the Longs Peak Inn, and after her husband's death, Mills continued to operate the inn. She edited and published three post-humous volumes and additional works by Enos Mills. With Hildegarde Hawthorne, she co-authored Enos Mills of the Rockies. Early life and education Esther A. Burnell, born in August 1889 in Eureka, Kansas, was the daughter of Mary A. (née Frayer) and Arthur Tappan Burnell, a professor and school principal with positions in the states of Washington, Kansas, Kentucky, Alabama, Tennessee, and Oregon. Arthur was also a minister. Her siblings, born about every two years, were older brother Eugene, older sister Elizabeth (Bessie), and younger brother Bernico. Burnell studied at Lake Erie College in Cleveland, Ohio, and Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. Her sister Elizabeth graduated from the University of Michigan with master's degrees in mathematics and physics. Lake Erie College employed her as the head of the mathematics and physics department. Burnell worked at the Sherwin Williams Paint Company as a consulting decorator. Before moving to Colorado, she lived in Cleveland and then Des Moines, Iowa. She had been overworked at her job and had a nervous breakdown. In 1915, Burnell and Elizabeth Enos Mills the prior year during his speaking engagement in Cleveland, Ohio. Like other attendees, Mills invited them to visit Rocky Mountain National Park and Mills' nature study center at the inn. Dedicated in 1916, the park is located near Estes Park, Colorado. Homesteading Burnell and her sister Elizabeth vacationed at Longs Peak Inn in Estes Park, Colorado, in the summer of 1916. Burnell took walks in the area to observe nature, wearing knickerbockers for hiking and climbing rather than wearing city-appropriate dresses and high shoes. Her health improved in the mountain environment. Her friend, Katherine Garetson, met Burnell when she arrived in Estes Park. Concerned about her health, Garetson decided that Burnell was a frail city slicker, but after some time in the mountains she said her friend \\\"looked wonderfully pretty animation transforming her into a beauty\\\". Burnell extended her vacation to remain in Colorado. She homesteaded 120 acres near MacGregor Pass alongside Horseshoe Park. Burnell designed a five-room cabin and worked on the construction of her home, which she named Keewaydin. She built some of the furniture for her home and established a garden. Deer, mountain sheep, and birds visited her property. Burnell's closest neighbors were the Fall River Lodge and Horseshoe Inn, about from her land. Fellow homesteaders lived two or more miles away. Burnell walked east to town to visit friends, pick up her mail, and purchase groceries and supplies that she carried back to her cabin. She embraced the outdoor life, hiking in the day or night. She made long treks, wearing snowshoes in\",\n \"title\": \"Esther Burnell Mills\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4324216\",\n \"text\": \"Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the north-eastern part of the province, 90 km south-west from Fort Nelson and it is bordered to the north by the Alaska Highway. Access is mostly done by boat, aircraft, on horseback or by hiking. At 6,657.1 km2, it is the largest protected area in the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area and the third largest provincial park in British Columbia. The park borders Stone Mountain Provincial Park to the north-west and Kwadacha Wilderness Provincial Park to the south-west, creating a large contiguous protected area in the Muskwa Ranges of the Canadian Rockies. History Northern Rockies Mountain Provincial Park is the largest protected site within the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area, a wilderness area established in 1998. The park is among seven sites that are recommended to be protected by the 1997 Fort Nelson Land and Resource Management Plan due to its unique ecological diversity. The park is established in December 1986. In June 1999, the park was expanded with the inclusion of the Wokkpash Recreational Area to protect the ecological heritages of the area. In 2000, a public advisory group was formed to initiate a management planning process for the park. The process was suspended for several years due to the need of increasing participation of Indigenous people but has been resumed since 2019. The public, stakeholder, and the First Nations were all included for the update of the plan. This allowed public to give extra information through mails, online forms, meeting and open houses. All information were gathered on the webpage and was used to draft the final management plan. Geography The area is notable for a range of water features including rivers, streams, waterfalls, rapids, small glaciers and lakes. Its rivers include the Tetsa, Chischa, and Muskwa, and its creeks include the Gathto, Kluachesi, Dead Dog and Chlotapecta. The largest water features in the area are the upper and lower Tuckodi Lakes , though other lakes such as Kluachesi and Tetsa exist. Ecology There are different kinds of animals at risk in Rocky Mountain National Park; at the same time, the park is also suitable for other species to live, as a habitat. It provides great environment for animals including moose, elk, stone sheep, and mountain goats. Grizzly bears and black bears are also commonly found in the area. The existence of different prey animals allow these bears to sustain within the habitat. Different types of species live around the park, including animals, plants, and others. More plants can be found rather than animals. Types of animals are included with mammals, birds, fish, and amphibians & reptiles. Plants are included with algae, lichens, mosses & liverworts, trees & shrubs and wildflowers. Lake trout, rainbow trout, bull trout, arctic grayling and lake whitefish are the important species in the park. Climate Change The remoteness and wilderness of Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park has made it potentially an area for the plants and species to adapt to\",\n \"title\": \"Northern Rocky Mountains Provincial Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"32879980\",\n \"text\": \"The Fern Lake Trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, runs from Moraine Park in the eastern part of the park westward to Fern Lake, the first portion of the trail following the course of the Big Thompson River. The trail was first informally established in the late 1880s as a way to get to \\\"The Pool,\\\" a wide spot in the Big Thompson where a small lodge predated the 1915 establishment of the park. The trail was improved by the Estes Park Protective and Improvement Association between 1907 and 1912, with a new bridge at The Pool. Two years later the trail was rebuilt to maintain no more than a 10% grade and to provide better access to Fern and Marguerite Falls. In the 1920s Fern Lake became a popular winter destination for skiing, complete with a lodge. From 1933 the trail was rebuilt over three years with Civilian Conservation Corps labor, building retaining walls and adjusting the trail's alignment. The Forest Inn at The Pool closed in 1951, and Fern Lake Lodge closed in 1960. Folksinger Judy Collins and her then-husband Peter Taylor ran the lodge in the summer of 1958, welcoming hikers a respite from the trail. It was demolished by the Park Service in 1968 as they eliminated concessions within the park. The trail is notable for its association with early tourism development in the park and for its Civilian Conservation Corps-executed construction. The Fern Lake Trail was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2005. References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park 1933 establishments in Colorado Transportation in Larimer County, Colorado Civilian Conservation Corps in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado\",\n \"title\": \"Fern Lake Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"221314\",\n \"text\": \"The Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site consists of seven contiguous parks including four national parks (Banff, Jasper, Kootenay, and Yoho) and three British Columbia provincial parks (Hamber, Mount Assiniboine, and Mount Robson). These seven parks in the Canadian Rockies include mountains, glaciers, and hot springs and the headwaters of major North American river systems including the North Saskatchewan, Athabasca, Columbia, and Fraser rivers. The area is known for its natural environment and biological diversity. It includes the Burgess Shale site, a World Heritage Site in its own right from 1980 to 1984, when it was included in the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks WHS designation. World Heritage Site In 1983 Canada nominated Banff, Jasper, Kootenay and Yoho national parks for inclusion on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. UNESCO accepted this nomination in 1984 on the basis of a recommendation by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The original nomination and IUCN's recommendation drew attention to the area's \\\"exceptional natural beauty\\\", \\\"habitats of rare and endangered species\\\" and its natural landforms such as mountain peaks, glaciers, lakes, canyons, limestone caves, and the unique Burgess Shale fossils. That year the UNESCO World Heritage Committee \\\"requested the Canadian authorities to consider adding the adjacent Provincial Parks of Mount Robson, Hamber, Mount Assiniboine and Kananaskis\\\" to the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks site. At a 1990 meeting, \\\"the Committee welcomed the Canadian proposal to include, in the Rocky Mountains Parks site, Mount Robson, Hamber and Assiniboine Provincial Parks, following its request at its Eighth Session in 1984.\\\" Kananaskis (renamed Peter Lougheed Provincial Park) has not been included within the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage site. See also List of National Parks of Canada List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas List of British Columbia provincial parks List of protected areas of Alberta References External links Park page at UNESCO World Heritage Site Climbing the clouds Virtual exhibit of British Columbia mountaineering Canadian Rockies World Heritage Sites in Canada National parks of the Rocky Mountains Parks in the Canadian Rockies Parks in Alberta Parks in British Columbia Protected areas of the Rocky Mountains Provincial and state parks in the Rocky Mountains\",\n \"title\": \"Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19736780\",\n \"text\": \"The Colorado Mountain Club (CMC), formed in 1912, is a nonprofit, 501 (c)(3) outdoor education organization based in Golden, Colorado that gathers and disseminates information regarding Colorado's mountains in the areas of art, science, literature and recreation. The club advocates for the preservation of the alpine regions, and was instrumental in the creation of Rocky Mountain National Park. The CMC has its own press with over 30 published titles, and has continuously published Trail & Timberline magazine since 1918. History From 25 charter members in 1912, the club rapidly grew to 200 members barely a year later, when the CMC became a nonprofit corporation. Charter members included such notable historic figures as Enos Mills, Roger Toll, and Carl Blaurock. In 1974, the club purchased its first permanent home in Denver, Colorado. In 1993, the CMC partnered with the American Alpine Club to found the American Mountaineering Center in Golden, Colorado. The building houses the largest mountaineering library in the world, as well as a state-of-the-art museum, which opened in February, 2008, and is named for famed mountaineer Henry Bradford Washburn Jr. Groups The CMC has a state-level organization along with 14 local groups, serving communities such as Denver, Boulder, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, and Aspen. Education The club first ventured into education by forming a mountaineering school in 1939. Today, the club offers classes in a variety of subjects, including wilderness trekking, nature photography, mountaineering, climbing, wilderness first aid, fly fishing, and leadership. Classes are taught by volunteers and often involve lectures and field days. Trips Members of the club are able to sign up for trips, most of which take place within the state of Colorado. Trips are led by volunteer trip leaders who handle the planning and organization as well as the execution. Trips may include such activities as hiking, climbing, fishing, and photography and are offered at various levels of difficulty. The club's adventure travel program also provides international travel opportunities. Stewardship The CMC has a conservation committee that is active in representing hiker interests in the state of Colorado. It also conducts volunteer trail work throughout the state to help maintain and build hiking trails. Fourteeners The CMC is the official repository for summit registers on Colorado's popular fourteeners. It also maintains the comprehensive list of each person who has climbed all 53 of these high peaks. It also provides a free online system called for hikers to report summits of Colorado's 100 highest peaks. Notable club members throughout history Carl Blaurock, one of a pair to first climb all of Colorado's fourteeners Mary Cronin, first woman to climb all of Colorado's fourteeners Albert Russell Ellingwood, pioneering Colorado mountaineer Dick Lamm, former Governor of Colorado Enos Mills, whose efforts were influential in establishing Rocky Mountain National Park James Grafton Rogers, Denver lawyer and outdoorsman who drafted legislation to create Rocky Mountain National Park Roger Toll, who held the positions of superintendent at Yellowstone, Rocky Mountain, and Mount Rainier National Parks William Henry Jackson, famous photographer for the\",\n \"title\": \"Colorado Mountain Club\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"32852026\",\n \"text\": \"The Wild Basin House was built in the southeastern corner of Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado, USA in 1931. The log residence was built to plans provided by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs at a cost of $2500, in the National Park Service rustic style. The one-story house measures by , resting on a fieldstone foundation, with a shallow-pitched wood shingle roof. The interior comprises three rooms. The Wild Basin House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. The Wild Basin Ranger Station, also listed on the NRHP, is nearby. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Boulder County, Colorado References Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Houses completed in 1931 National Park Service rustic in Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park Houses in Boulder County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Boulder County, Colorado 1931 establishments in Colorado\",\n \"title\": \"Wild Basin House\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19899914\",\n \"text\": \"Aspidotis densa is a species of fern in the Cheilanthoid subfamily, known by the common name Indian's dream or Serpentine fern or dense lace fern. It is native to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to California and east to the Rocky Mountains in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming; there is a disjunct population on serpentine soils in Quebec. Description This fern has leaves on long wiry brown to black petioles (stem below the leaf), with the leaf blade occupying less than half of the total length of the leaf when including the petiole. The leaves emerge from a short creeping rhizome covered with firm narrow scales. Where the petiole joins the leaf, the stem color grades to green and acquires a groove on its adaxial (top) surface. The leaf blades are medium to dark green, sometimes with a glaucous or bluish cast. The leaf blade is triangular and composed of many pinnae which are subdivided into narrow leaflets (pinnules). The undersides of leaflets on fertile fronds are covered with sori over which the edges of the leaflet are folded to form a false indusium. Plants often have only fertile fronds, but they sometimes exhibit frond dimorphism, with sterile fronds shorter and with broader and flatter leaflets than the fertile fronds, which rise above on long petioles. The fertile frond leaflets are folded under at the edges and appear narrow and lace-like. The flat leaflets on sterile fronds have a toothed edge, but on fertile fronds these teeth are often reduced and are not easily visible since the edges fold under to form the false indusium. Under some growth conditions only sterile fronds form. Like many ferns, new fronds are produced in spring by circinate vernation. Habitat A. densa grows in rocky areas, usually on serpentine soils on rocky mountain slopes, well-drained but seasonally moist. It is usually found in growing full sun, but it can tolerate some shade. It can grow in rock crevices and exposed rocky outcrops in mossy cracks, and over time may creep to fill in fissures, creating well-established colonies in the outcrop. Though it grows mostly on serpentine, A. densa is also found on other rocks and soil types. Range A. densa is native largely to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to California and east to the Rocky Mountains in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. There is a disjunct population on serpentine soil in Frontenac National Park in Quebec, and closer probably disjunct populations in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah and in the Cuyamaca Mountains near San Diego California, neither apparently associated with serpentine. It typically grows in mountains from low elevations to about 3,000 meters. It also grows near sea level near coasts in a few locations associated with serpentine, notably in Marin County California and in Washington Park and Cypress Island near Anacortes Washington. As ecologic indicator Aspidotis densa is a regional ecologic indicator on areas where ultramafic rocks (serpentine) are patchy, such as the Klamath and Siskayou\",\n \"title\": \"Aspidotis densa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"47700052\",\n \"text\": \"Lamar Alexander Rocky Fork State Park (RFSP) is a state park in Unicoi County in East Tennessee. It is situated in the Blue Ridge region of the Appalachian Mountains, close to the Tennessee-North Carolina state line. The park is adjacent to the Cherokee National Forest, and it is in close proximity to the Appalachian Trail. The Sampson Mountain Wilderness is also nearby. Rocky Fork State Park was established in 2013, and facilities have not been developed, however the park does have a ranger station and gift shop located outside the park in the Flag Pond community. Hiking and mountain biking are permitted on a network of old road beds, and fishing is allowed in Rocky Fork and South Indian Creeks, below and downstream of the State Park Main Entrance Gate. The park was renamed from \\\"Rocky Fork State Park\\\" in January 2019 in honor of then-Senator Lamar Alexander, who was in his last term. Nearby state parks The following state parks are within of Rocky Fork State Park: Roan Mountain State Park Mount Mitchell State Park, North Carolina References External links Rocky Fork State Park – Tennessee Eastman Hiking and Canoeing Club's Trail Wiki State parks of Tennessee State parks of the Appalachians Protected areas of Unicoi County, Tennessee Protected areas established in 2012\",\n \"title\": \"Lamar Alexander Rocky Fork State Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1415629\",\n \"text\": \"Glacier National Park is part of a system of 43 parks and park reserves across Canada, and one of seven national parks in British Columbia. Established in 1886, the park encompasses , and includes a portion of the Selkirk Mountains which are part of the larger grouping of mountains, the Columbia Mountains. It also contains the Rogers Pass National Historic Site. The park's history is closely tied to two primary Canadian transportation routes, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), completed in 1885, and the Trans-Canada Highway, completed in 1963. Rogers Pass in the centre of the park eluded explorers until 1881. The railway brought with it tourism, the establishment of Glacier National Park and the construction of a popular alpine hotel. The heavy winter snows and steep, avalanche-prone valleys of the park have been a major obstacle to transportation, necessitating much railway engineering and avalanche control measures. The park contains high peaks, large, active glaciers, and one of Canada's largest cave systems. Its dense forests support populations of large mammals, birds, and alpine species. The region is noted for its heavy snowfall. The park has an extensive network of trails, three campgrounds, and four backcountry huts and cabins. Due to the major transportation routes that bisect it, Glacier National Park sees large numbers of visitors. History The Selkirk Mountains were first noted by Europeans when explorer David Thompson of the North West Company skirted around them on the Columbia River in 1811. He named them Nelson's Mountains, after Lord Horatio Nelson, but they were later renamed after an executive for the rival Hudson's Bay Company, Lord Thomas Douglas Selkirk. Finding a pass through the Selkirks became a priority after construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway began. Completion of the railway was a condition of the Colony of British Columbia upon entering Canadian Confederation in 1867. In 1865, Canadian Pacific Surveyor Walter Moberly led an expedition up the Illecillewaet River (which he named, using the Okanangan word for \\\"swift water\\\"). Despite recently discovering Eagle Pass through the nearby Monashees, Moberly failed to find a pass through the Selkirks after getting sidetracked in the Tangier Creek drainage. His party refused to explore further due to the lateness of the season, and Moberly was forced to retreat. Rogers Pass An expedition led by Major Albert Bowman Rogers up the Illecillewaet discovered a viable pass in 1881. Rogers was awarded a five thousand dollar prize for locating a route through the mountains. In 1885, the CPR constructed a line through Rogers Pass and the following year trains were travelling west to the Pacific for the first time in Canada. The federal government and the CPR quickly realized the tourism potential of the mountainous, heavily glaciated area. Following a trip by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald and his wife Agnes through the Rockies on the newly completed Trancontinental Railroad, he returned to Ottawa inspired, and led the creation of Glacier and Yoho National Parks, both established on October 10, 1886. They were the second and third\",\n \"title\": \"Glacier National Park (Canada)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"28236537\",\n \"text\": \"The northern Rocky Mountain wolf (Canis lupus irremotus), also known as the northern Rocky Mountain timber wolf, is a subspecies of gray wolf native to the northern Rocky Mountains. It is a light-colored, medium to large-sized subspecies with a narrow, flattened frontal bone. The subspecies was initially listed as Endangered on March 9, 1978, but had the classification removed in the year 2000 due to the effects of the Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan. On August 6, 2010, the northern Rocky Mountain wolf was ordered to be returned under Endangered Species Act protections by U.S. District Judge Donald Molloy in a decision overturning a previous ruling by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They were later removed on August 31, 2012 from the list because of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming meeting the population quotas for the species to be considered stable. This wolf is recognized as a subspecies of Canis lupus in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World (2005). Physiology Description This subspecies generally weighs and stands at 26–32 inches, making it one of the largest subspecies of the gray wolf. It is a lighter-colored animal that inhabits the Rocky Mountains with a coat including far more white and less black. In general, the subspecies favors lighter colors, with black mixing in among them. Its population currently resides in western Montana, eastern Idaho, western Wyoming and southern Alberta. Dietary habits The northern Rocky Mountain wolf preys primarily on the bison, elk, the Rocky Mountain mule deer, and the beaver, though it is an opportunistic animal and will prey upon other species if the chance arises. But, for the most part, small prey animals do not make up a large part of its diet. When an individual or a pack is able to take down numerous prey, the amount a northern Rocky Mountain wolf eats daily will generally make up about 10–21% of its body mass, though there have been recorded instances of an individual eating up to 37% of its body mass. However, when prey is not as plentiful, northern Rocky Mountain wolves are able to survive for considerably long periods of time while eating only small amounts. Cannibalism, in times of severe food shortage, occurs, as a pack will kill and eat an injured or weak member of the group. History Early recorded history of the northern Rocky Mountain wolf found it roaming primarily in the forests that would later become known as Yellowstone National Park. They resided nearby Native Americans of the Tukudika tribe, who considered the wolf to be a sacred animal. As the American population began spreading west in the late 19th century, ranchers, farmers, and cattle drivers began to settle in the area. In due time, the northern Rocky Mountain wolf began preying on the livestock brought by the settlers. A practice of eradication was enacted in 1915, through the use of guns, traps, and poison. This policy was made even more all encompassing by the creation of the National Park Service\",\n \"title\": \"Northern Rocky Mountain wolf\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"27379984\",\n \"text\": \"The High Trips were large annual wilderness excursions organized and led by the Sierra Club, beginning in 1901. The High Trips lasted until the early 1970s, and were replaced by a larger number of smaller trips to wilderness areas worldwide. Origin Sierra Club secretary William Colby initiated the High Trips, which usually traveled to the High Sierra, and led them from 1901 to 1929. Colby wrote, \\\"It was from John Muir, President of the Club, that I received the warmest encouragement. He was highly enthusiastic, and told me that he had long been trying to get the Club to undertake just such outings.\\\" Edward T. Parsons, a former member of The Mazamas, an Oregon mountaineering club, was also involved with the early logistics, as that club had conducted similar trips. Early outings lasted four full weeks, but eventually the trips were separated into two segments of two weeks each so that those with less time to spare could participate. Francis Farquhar wrote that the purpose of the High Trips was far more than to provide an enjoyable vacation to the participants, but also to \\\"lead them to know and appreciate the beauty and inspiration of the mountains, and to educate them to become defenders of the wilderness.\\\" The first High Trip in July, 1901 attracted 96 club members to Yosemite National Park. On the eve of the start of the trip, club co-founder and University of California, Berkeley geology professor Joseph LeConte died of a sudden heart attack in Yosemite Valley at age 78. Other than this sad event, the trip was a success, and the Sierra Club then began a successful fundraising drive to build LeConte Memorial Lodge in Yosemite Valley in his honor. The High Trip the next and subsequent years doubled in size. Logistics The high trips were complex affairs, with gear for approximately 200 participants packed in by mules, with a staff of up to 50 and elaborate food prepared by professional cooks. It served to establish rituals and folklore that bound the members of the club together. Participants wore bandannas around their necks, used the distinctive metal Sierra Club cup, and sang the same campfire songs year after year. When the Sierra Club was lobbying for the establishment of Kings Canyon National Park, the High Trips visited that area many times, so that more effective lobbyists for the park could become familiar with its remote beauty. Destinations and mountaineering Atthough most of the High Trips were in the Sierra Nevada, occasionally trips were scheduled to other mountain ranges of western North America, including Mount Rainier in 1905, Glacier National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and the Canadian Rockies in 1928. The July 1928 trip to the Canadian Rockies was a joint venture with The Mazamas of Oregon, and The Mountaineers of the state of Washington. A train was chartered from Oakland to Jasper Park Lodge. During this trip, participants climbed many peaks, including Redoubt Mountain, Mount Robson, Mount Edith Cavell, Mount Geikie, Mount Bastion, Mount Barbican\",\n \"title\": \"High Trips\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60414786\",\n \"text\": \"The Watchtower is a mountain summit located in the Maligne River valley of Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. It is situated in the Maligne Range and is visible from the Maligne Lake Road where it towers over Medicine Lake. Its nearest higher peak is Sirdar Mountain, to the north. History The mountain was named in 1916 by Morrison P. Bridgland (1878-1948), a Dominion Land Surveyor who named many peaks in Jasper Park and the Canadian Rockies. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1947 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of The Watchtower was made in 1951 by R.K. Irvin, J. Mowat, and R. Strong. Geology The Watchtower is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Cambrian period and pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, The Watchtower is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Excelsior Creek and Watchtower Creek, both tributaries of the Maligne River which in turn empties into the Athabasca River. See also Geography of Alberta References Gallery External links Parks Canada web site: Jasper National Park Two-thousanders of Alberta Canadian Rockies Mountains of Jasper National Park Alberta's Rockies\",\n \"title\": \"The Watchtower (Alberta)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21024883\",\n \"text\": \"The Bear Lake Comfort Station, also known as the Bear Lake Generator Building, in Rocky Mountain National Park was designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs is the National Park Service Rustic style and was built in 1940. It was converted for use as a generator house at an unknown date and apparently no longer serves its former purpose as a public toilet. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Larimer County, Colorado References Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado Government buildings completed in 1940 Buildings and structures in Larimer County, Colorado National Register of Historic Places in Rocky Mountain National Park National Park Service rustic in Colorado Restrooms in the United States National Register of Historic Places in Larimer County, Colorado 1940 establishments in Colorado\",\n \"title\": \"Bear Lake Comfort Station\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"69045500\",\n \"text\": \"Sofa Mountain is a 2,515-meter (8,251-foot) summit located in Waterton Lakes National Park, in Alberta, Canada. It is part of the Lewis Range which is a subset of the Canadian Rockies, and is the easternmost mountain in the Canadian Rockies, as well as the park. It is situated east of Vimy Peak, and the nearest higher neighbor is Crypt Peak, to the southwest. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises over 1,220 meters (4,000 feet) above Middle Waterton Lake in approximately six kilometers (3.7 mi). History The mountain was named in 1865 by Kootenay Brown who wrote: \\\"Coming down from the mountain, where we got our first glimpse of the buffalo, we soon reached the prairie shore of a large lake at the further side of which a mountain rose to a sofa-like peak among the clouds. This mountain was afterwards called Sofa Mountain.\\\" This mountain's name was officially adopted in 1943 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology Like other mountains in Waterton Lakes National Park, Sofa Mountain is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was initially uplifted beginning 170 million years ago when the Lewis Overthrust fault pushed an enormous slab of precambrian rocks thick, wide and long over younger rock of the cretaceous period. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, Sofa Mountain has an alpine subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from Sofa Mountain drains to the Waterton River and Belly River. See also Geology of the Rocky Mountains Geology of Alberta References External links Parks Canada web site: Waterton Lakes National Park Weather forecast: Sofa Mountain Two-thousanders of Alberta Waterton Lakes National Park Alberta's Rockies\",\n \"title\": \"Sofa Mountain\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4730589\",\n \"text\": \"Torngat Mountains National Park () is a Canadian national park located on the Labrador Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The park encompasses of mountainous terrain between Northern Quebec and the Labrador Sea. It is the largest national park in Atlantic Canada and the southernmost national park in the Arctic Cordillera. It partially contains the Torngat Mountains, the highest mountains in mainland Canada east of the Rocky Mountains. The Torngat Mountains National Park was created to honour the relationship that Inuit of Labrador and Nunavik have with the land. Parks Canada works with these groups in order to conserve the ecological integrity of the land, as well as to inform visitors of the park's history with Inuit groups. The subarctic mountains are part of the greater Inuit homeland, known as Inuit Nunangat. The area in and around the park is governed by Inuit and it has been named \\\"Nunatsiavut\\\", translating to \\\"our beautiful land\\\" in their native language. The mountains are an important place for the Inuit and have been known as the \\\"place of spirits\\\". An area called Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve was set aside with enactment of the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement on December 1, 2005, with the intention of creating a national park. When the Nunavik Inuit Land Claims Agreement came into effect on July 10, 2008, the park was officially established, and the National Park Reserve became Torngat Mountains National Park, the first in Labrador. In the Torngat Mountains, there are diverse animal and plant species in ecological communities. Indigenous cultures are deeply connected to and dependent on caribou for their food resources and cultures. This park protects wildlife including: boreal woodland caribou, black bears, Labrador wolf packs, red and Arctic foxes, polar bears, peregrine falcon, and golden eagle among others. Four different climatic regions enable these different species to co-exist. As the temperature rises, the ice in this area shrinks and shrubs grow rapidly, affecting local residents, species and tourists. The park is open year-round and is accessible via charter air flight, cruise ship, or snowmobile. It offers wilderness-oriented recreational activities such as, hiking, scrambling, and kayaking. Creation of park During the 1970s, Parks Canada had a goal of creating national parks in 39 divided regions of the country, which were chosen based on vegetation and landscape. The Torngat Mountains were chosen to be conserved as part of this plan. Labrador and Nunavik Inuit also had interests in conserving the Torngat Mountains, as the land is embedded in their culture and history. The goal of collaborating with these Inuit groups was made to honour their rights, interests, and the relationship they have with the land. Being the tallest mountains in Canada, aside from the Rocky Mountains, the Torngat Mountains were a desired landscape to conserve. Usage of the park is meant for all Canadians to enjoy, with special interest being given to Nunavik and Labrador Inuit to use the designated land and its resources. These are some of the intended purposes\",\n \"title\": \"Torngat Mountains National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"59362161\",\n \"text\": \"Park Mountain is a mountain summit located above the southwest shore of Lake McArthur in Yoho National Park, in the Bow Range of the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Mount Biddle, to the east. Park Mountain is situated four kilometres west of the Continental Divide, and southeast of Field, British Columbia. History The mountain was named in 1915 because of the \\\"park-like\\\" setting of the area. The Lake O'Hara area that the mountain is located in is a gem within a park, the best that the Canadian Rockies has to offer. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1904 by a survey party. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1952 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology Park Mountain is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, Park Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from Park Mountain drains into tributaries of the Kicking Horse River which is a tributary of the Columbia River. References See also Geography of British Columbia External links Parks Canada web site: Yoho National Park Park Mountain and Odaray Mountain panoramic photo: Flickr Two-thousanders of British Columbia Canadian Rockies Mountains of Yoho National Park Kootenay Land District\",\n \"title\": \"Park Mountain\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19425093\",\n \"text\": \"Eagle Nest Lake State Park is a state park in New Mexico, United States. The park is located outside Eagle Nest, approximately east of Taos. It was established on July 3, 2004. Its main attraction is a lake which is popular for fishing and boating in the summer, and ice fishing and snowmobiling in the winter. The lake itself is a man-made reservoir created when the Cimarron River was impounded by the Eagle Nest Dam in 1918. Before this, the St Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Railroad did some grading work in 1907 on an unfinished extension from its terminus at Ute Park to Taos, including boring a tunnel here. The lake is home to several species of fish, including rainbow trout, brown trout, kokanee salmon, yellow perch, common carp, white sucker, and northern pike, which were introduced into Eagle Nest Lake (by law, anglers must harvest/keep pike, because of their threat to the lake's gamefish populations). Eagle Nest Lake is at an elevation of , making it an alpine lake, and it is situated in a glacial valley on the slopes of Wheeler Peak, New Mexico's highest mountain. The surrounding mountains are rich in wildlife such as elk, deer, turkeys and bears. Gallery References External links Eagle Nest Lake State Park Friends of Eagle Nest Lake and Cimarron Canyon State Parks Lakes of the Rocky Mountains State parks of New Mexico Parks in Colfax County, New Mexico Protected areas established in 2004 Provincial and state parks in the Rocky Mountains\",\n \"title\": \"Eagle Nest Lake State Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"42384289\",\n \"text\": \"The Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve is a tract of land owned by the government of the Canadian province of Alberta (called \\\"Crown land\\\") along the eastern slopes and foothills of the Albertan section of the Canadian Rockies. It is a long strip of land just east of the more famous Canadian Rocky Mountain parks, which is managed for forest and water conservation, public recreation, and industrial goals, rather than aesthetic and preservation goals, as in the Rocky Mountain parks. Forest reserves were established for \\\"...(1) the reserving of timber supplies, (2) the reserving of areas unsuited to agriculture so that they would not be homesteaded, and (3) the preserving of the water level in streams by conserving the timber on the upper watersheds\\\". Government of Canada (1911). \\\"All forest reserves are set aside and constituted for the conservation of the forests and other vegetation in the forests and for the maintenance of conditions favourable to an optimum water supply in those reserves.\\\" Province of Alberta (2004). The surveyor William Pearce was an early and influential advocate of preserving the region, and he convinced the government to set aside a large part of the region from the agricultural settlement occurring elsewhere in the Canadian West. His continued efforts persuaded the Canadian government, in 1902, to enlarge the adjacent Rocky Mountain Park (later Banff National Park) to , twice its modern size. The Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve was first created in 1910 by the federal government of Canada by privy council order #939 to conserve forests and protect the headwaters of the rivers that supply most of the Canadian prairies from development. Since its inception, the area has been managed to conserve headwaters while allowing industrial activity, particularly logging and mining, with secondary importance placed on heavy tourist uses, in contrast to the neighbouring national parks. Nevertheless, water has been a recurring theme, with the protection of the headwaters always being the stated priority of government agencies. A 1911 report on the area by the Department of the Interior describes it as The size and shape of the reserve changed repeatedly and dramatically in its early years. In its original configuration in 1910, the forest reserve constituted two disconnected pieces of land, neither of which are part of the modern reserve. The more northerly part was north of Jasper National Park (today the Willmore Wilderness), and the southerly section was between Jasper National Park and Rocky Mountain Park (today the northern third of Banff National Park). In 1911, Jasper and Rocky Mountain parks were reduced in size and the land transferred to the Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve. The reserve was expanded eastwards in 1913. In 1917, Rocky Mountain Park and in 1927 Jasper Park were greatly expanded at the expense of the reserve. In 1929 and 1930, the park boundaries were adjusted slightly, giving the Kananaskis valley back to the reserve. With the passage of the Alberta Natural Resources Act, 1930, management of the parks and reserve became separated, as all public\",\n \"title\": \"Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"52119498\",\n \"text\": \"Bierstadt Lake is located in Larimer County, Colorado and within the Rocky Mountain National Park. Near McHenrys Peak and Longs Peak, there are \\\"spectacular views\\\" of the Continental Divide at the lake. The Bierstadt Lake Trailhead is located about from the turn-off at U.S. Route 36 into the Rocky Mountain National Park. During the summer, shuttle buses provide transportation to the trailhead. The lake sits atop a lateral moraine on the side and end of Bartholf Glacier and drains into Mill Creek. It is named for Albert Bierstadt, a noted landscape artist, whose 1870s paintings of Longs Peak and Bierstadt Lake are among the Denver Art Museum's collection. Geology and hydrology Bierstadt Lake rests on a plateau on the Bierstadt Moraine, which is a \\\"massive\\\" moraine created by debris left from the receding Bartholf Glacier. The glacier, never more than long, \\\"originated on the highest mountain in the park\\\". Because it was a steep glacier, \\\"its gouging action was vigorous\\\". Glacial lobes at Glacier Gorge, Loch Vale, and Flattop Mountain joined and moved iced in Barthlolf Park. Debris trapped in the ice created the Bierstadt Moraine that lies between Glacier and Mill Creeks and is more than wide and is more than above the floor of Bartholf Park. The lake was formed when a dam was made from glacial debris deposits. Water from the lake drains into Mill Creek within the Mill Creek basin, which is a flat valley with a scenic meadow. Author Lisa Foster describes the long glacial ridge as \\\"one of the most dramatic lateral moraines in the Rocky Mountain National Park\\\". On the north side of the moraine is Hollowell Park and the Mill Creek Basin. The steep south side sits above Bear Creek Road. History It was first called \\\"Hanging Lake\\\" by Native Americans due to its \\\"perched condition\\\" on the side of Bartholf Glacier. Bierstadt Lake was officially given its name in 1932, prior to that the name was on a reprinted U.S. Geological Survey map created in 1922. Like Mount Bierstadt, it was named to honor Albert Bierstadt, a landscape artist, who visited and painted the Rocky Mountains. He may have become the first European to visit the summit of Mount Blue Sky when he climbed it in 1863. Mount Blue Sky is from Mount Bierstadt. In 1876, Bierstadt was commissioned by Windham Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl to make an exceptionally large canvas painting of Longs Peak and Estes Park for $15,000, . Bierstadt traveled throughout the area with Theodore Whyte, the earl's associate, and created sketches and paintings. The two men also looked for a suitable site, with a great view of Longs Peak, to construct an English hotel for the earl. Bierstadt took a particular interest in the lake, and Whyte is credited for naming the lake in honor of the artist. He \\\"created one of his many spectacular images of the West\\\" at the lake. Harold Marion Dunning, an early historian, chronicled \\\"that Bierstadt's favorite place for\",\n \"title\": \"Bierstadt Lake\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["January 26 , 1915"],"string":"[\n \"January 26 , 1915\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":50,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_45982"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who sings vocals on sunshine of your love"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2902739","text":"Live Cream Volume II is the second live album by the British rock band Cream, released in March 1972 by Polydor Records (Atco Records in the US). This album contains six tracks recorded at various performances from 9 March to 4 October 1968. Reception Matthew Greenwald of AllMusic stated that Volume 2 had more songs on it than its predecessor, including two songs whose album versions were released as singles. He also commented on how the sound quality was some of the best at the time. He did not like, however, that there were not as many extended jams as there were on the predecessor and that Jack Bruce and Eric Clapton's singing is not good on \"White Room\" and \"Sunshine of Your Love.\" Greenwald felt that the live version of \"Deserted Cities of the Heart\" is better than the studio version. \"Steppin' Out\" was used in the dramatic climax of Mean Streets (1973) directed by Martin Scorsese. Track listing Personnel ''Per liner notes Eric Clapton – vocals, guitar Jack Bruce – vocals, bass, harmonica Ginger Baker – drums Felix Pappalardi – producer Tom Dowd – recording engineer Bill Halverson – recording engineer Gene Paul – re-mix engineer Kevin Brady – re-mix engineer Jim Marshall – cover photography Gene Trindl – backliner photography Stanisław Zagórski – album design Charts References Cream (band) live albums 1972 live albums Polydor Records live albums Albums produced by Felix Pappalardi","title":"Live Cream Volume II"},{"docid":"3030331","text":"Sunshine of Your Love is a 1969 live album by Ella Fitzgerald. Recorded at the Venetian Room, The Fairmont San Francisco, in October 1968. The main body of works performed here are contemporary pop songs from the late 1960s. Originally released on the German found jazz label MPS Records the album was re-issued on CD, with alternative artwork, in 1996 by Verve Records. Track listing For the 1969 LP on MPS Records; MPS 15010; Re-issued by PolyGram-Verve in 1996 on CD, Verve 314 533 102-2 Side One: \"Hey Jude\" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 3:54 \"Sunshine of Your Love\" (Pete Brown, Jack Bruce, Eric Clapton) – 3:21 \"This Girl's in Love With You\" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 4:30 \"Watch What Happens\" (Norman Gimbel, Michel Legrand) – 4:00 \"Alright, Okay, You Win\" (Mayme Watts, Sidney Wyche) – 3:51 \"Give Me the Simple Life\" (Rube Bloom, Harry Ruby) – 2:05 Side Two: \"Inútil Paisagem\" (\"Useless Landscape\") (Antonio Carlos Jobim, Ray Gilbert, Aloysio Oliveira) – 5:13 \"Old Devil Moon\" (Yip Harburg, Burton Lane) – 4:21 \"Don'cha Go 'Way Mad\" (Illinois Jacquet, Jimmy Mundy, Al Stillman) – 3:37 \"A House Is Not a Home\" (Bacharach, David) – 4:14 \"Trouble Is a Man\" (Alec Wilder) – 4:14 \"Love You Madly\" (Duke Ellington) – 3:04 Personnel Tracks 1-6 Ernie Hecksher's Big Band Track 7-12 Tommy Flanagan Trio Ella Fitzgerald – vocals Tommy Flanagan – piano, conductor Frank DeLaRosa – double bass Ed Thigpen – drums Marty Paich – arranger (Tracks 1, 2, 5) Frank De Vol – arranger (Track 3) Dee Carson – arranger (Track 4) Bill Holman – arranger (Track 6) Ernie Heckscher - bandleader Allen Smith (tracks 1-6) - trumpet Wally Heider – engineer References Ella Fitzgerald live albums Albums produced by Norman Granz 1969 live albums MPS Records live albums Albums conducted by Frank De Vol Albums arranged by Frank De Vol Albums conducted by Tommy Flanagan Verve Records live albums PolyGram live albums","title":"Sunshine of Your Love (album)"},{"docid":"591620","text":"The Age of Aquarius is the fourth album by the American pop group the 5th Dimension, released in 1969. It was their biggest commercial success in the United States, peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B Albums charts. Track listing Side One \"Medley: Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)\" (Galt MacDermot, James Rado, Gerome Ragni) – 4:51 \"Blowing Away\" (Laura Nyro) – 2:32 \"Skinny Man\" (Michael Kollander, Ginger Kollander) – 2:51 \"Wedding Bell Blues\" (Laura Nyro) – 2:44 \"Don'tcha Hear Me Callin' to Ya\" (Rudy Stevenson) – 3:56 \"The Hideaway\" (Jimmy Webb) – 2:45 Side Two \"Workin' On a Groovy Thing\" (Roger Atkins, Neil Sedaka) – 3:10 \"Let It Be Me\" (Gilbert Bécaud, Mann Curtis, Pierre Delanoë) – 3:54 \"Sunshine of Your Love\" (Pete Brown, Jack Bruce, Eric Clapton) – 3:18 \"The Winds of Heaven\" (Bob Dorough, Fran Landesman) – 3:14 \"Those Were the Days\" (Gene Raskin) – 3:03 \"Let the Sunshine In (Reprise)\" (MacDermot, Rado, Ragni) – 1:29 Bonus tracks \"Chissa Se Tornera (Who Knows If He Will Return)\" (Mario De Sanctis, Antonio Salis, Lucio Salis) – 3:00 [Bonus track; 2000 CD reissue only] Personnel Billy Davis Jr. - lead vocals (tracks 1, 8), background vocals Florence LaRue - lead vocals (track 2), background vocals Marilyn McCoo - lead vocals (tracks 2, 4), background vocals Lamonte McLemore - background vocals Ron Townson - background vocals Additional personnel Dennis Budimir - guitar Mike Deasy - guitar Bill Fulton - guitar Tommy Tedesco - guitar Joe Osborn - bass Hal Blaine - drums, percussion Larry Bunker - mallets, congas, percussion Milt Holland - percussion Pete Jolly - keyboards Larry Knechtel - keyboards Jimmy Rowles - keyboards Bill Holman - Strings & Brass - string section, horn section Tony Terran - Trumpet Production Producer: Bones Howe Engineer: Bones Howe Mastering: Elliot Federman Digital transfers: Mike Hartry Reissue producer: Rob Santos Production coordination: Jeremy Holiday Production assistant: Ann McClelland, Tom Tierney, Russ Wapensky Project coordinator: Arlessa Barnes, Glenn Delgado, Christina DeSimone, Robin Diamond, Karyn Friedland, Felicia Gearhart, Laura Gregory, Robin Manning, Brooke Nochomson, Ed Osborne, Larry Parra, Dana Renert, Bill Stafford, Steve Strauss Archives coordinator: Joanne Feltman, Glenn Korman Musical arrangements: Bob Alcivar, Bill Holman, Bones Howe Vocal arrangement: Bob Alcivar Art direction: Ron Wolin Reissue art director: Mathieu Bitton Design: Mathieu Bitton, Ron Wolin Photography: Ed Caraeff Liner notes: Mike Ragogna Charts and awards Album Billboard (United States) Singles Billboard (United States) Grammys |- | rowspan=\"5\" | 1970 || rowspan=\"2\" | The Age of Aquarius || Album of the Year || |- | Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical || |- | rowspan=\"3\" | \"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In\" || Record of the Year || |- | Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals || |- | Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals || Certifications References 1969 albums The 5th Dimension albums Albums produced by Bones Howe Soul City Records (American label) albums","title":"The Age of Aquarius (album)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2902739\",\n \"text\": \"Live Cream Volume II is the second live album by the British rock band Cream, released in March 1972 by Polydor Records (Atco Records in the US). This album contains six tracks recorded at various performances from 9 March to 4 October 1968. Reception Matthew Greenwald of AllMusic stated that Volume 2 had more songs on it than its predecessor, including two songs whose album versions were released as singles. He also commented on how the sound quality was some of the best at the time. He did not like, however, that there were not as many extended jams as there were on the predecessor and that Jack Bruce and Eric Clapton's singing is not good on \\\"White Room\\\" and \\\"Sunshine of Your Love.\\\" Greenwald felt that the live version of \\\"Deserted Cities of the Heart\\\" is better than the studio version. \\\"Steppin' Out\\\" was used in the dramatic climax of Mean Streets (1973) directed by Martin Scorsese. Track listing Personnel ''Per liner notes Eric Clapton – vocals, guitar Jack Bruce – vocals, bass, harmonica Ginger Baker – drums Felix Pappalardi – producer Tom Dowd – recording engineer Bill Halverson – recording engineer Gene Paul – re-mix engineer Kevin Brady – re-mix engineer Jim Marshall – cover photography Gene Trindl – backliner photography Stanisław Zagórski – album design Charts References Cream (band) live albums 1972 live albums Polydor Records live albums Albums produced by Felix Pappalardi\",\n \"title\": \"Live Cream Volume II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3030331\",\n \"text\": \"Sunshine of Your Love is a 1969 live album by Ella Fitzgerald. Recorded at the Venetian Room, The Fairmont San Francisco, in October 1968. The main body of works performed here are contemporary pop songs from the late 1960s. Originally released on the German found jazz label MPS Records the album was re-issued on CD, with alternative artwork, in 1996 by Verve Records. Track listing For the 1969 LP on MPS Records; MPS 15010; Re-issued by PolyGram-Verve in 1996 on CD, Verve 314 533 102-2 Side One: \\\"Hey Jude\\\" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 3:54 \\\"Sunshine of Your Love\\\" (Pete Brown, Jack Bruce, Eric Clapton) – 3:21 \\\"This Girl's in Love With You\\\" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 4:30 \\\"Watch What Happens\\\" (Norman Gimbel, Michel Legrand) – 4:00 \\\"Alright, Okay, You Win\\\" (Mayme Watts, Sidney Wyche) – 3:51 \\\"Give Me the Simple Life\\\" (Rube Bloom, Harry Ruby) – 2:05 Side Two: \\\"Inútil Paisagem\\\" (\\\"Useless Landscape\\\") (Antonio Carlos Jobim, Ray Gilbert, Aloysio Oliveira) – 5:13 \\\"Old Devil Moon\\\" (Yip Harburg, Burton Lane) – 4:21 \\\"Don'cha Go 'Way Mad\\\" (Illinois Jacquet, Jimmy Mundy, Al Stillman) – 3:37 \\\"A House Is Not a Home\\\" (Bacharach, David) – 4:14 \\\"Trouble Is a Man\\\" (Alec Wilder) – 4:14 \\\"Love You Madly\\\" (Duke Ellington) – 3:04 Personnel Tracks 1-6 Ernie Hecksher's Big Band Track 7-12 Tommy Flanagan Trio Ella Fitzgerald – vocals Tommy Flanagan – piano, conductor Frank DeLaRosa – double bass Ed Thigpen – drums Marty Paich – arranger (Tracks 1, 2, 5) Frank De Vol – arranger (Track 3) Dee Carson – arranger (Track 4) Bill Holman – arranger (Track 6) Ernie Heckscher - bandleader Allen Smith (tracks 1-6) - trumpet Wally Heider – engineer References Ella Fitzgerald live albums Albums produced by Norman Granz 1969 live albums MPS Records live albums Albums conducted by Frank De Vol Albums arranged by Frank De Vol Albums conducted by Tommy Flanagan Verve Records live albums PolyGram live albums\",\n \"title\": \"Sunshine of Your Love (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"591620\",\n \"text\": \"The Age of Aquarius is the fourth album by the American pop group the 5th Dimension, released in 1969. It was their biggest commercial success in the United States, peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B Albums charts. Track listing Side One \\\"Medley: Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)\\\" (Galt MacDermot, James Rado, Gerome Ragni) – 4:51 \\\"Blowing Away\\\" (Laura Nyro) – 2:32 \\\"Skinny Man\\\" (Michael Kollander, Ginger Kollander) – 2:51 \\\"Wedding Bell Blues\\\" (Laura Nyro) – 2:44 \\\"Don'tcha Hear Me Callin' to Ya\\\" (Rudy Stevenson) – 3:56 \\\"The Hideaway\\\" (Jimmy Webb) – 2:45 Side Two \\\"Workin' On a Groovy Thing\\\" (Roger Atkins, Neil Sedaka) – 3:10 \\\"Let It Be Me\\\" (Gilbert Bécaud, Mann Curtis, Pierre Delanoë) – 3:54 \\\"Sunshine of Your Love\\\" (Pete Brown, Jack Bruce, Eric Clapton) – 3:18 \\\"The Winds of Heaven\\\" (Bob Dorough, Fran Landesman) – 3:14 \\\"Those Were the Days\\\" (Gene Raskin) – 3:03 \\\"Let the Sunshine In (Reprise)\\\" (MacDermot, Rado, Ragni) – 1:29 Bonus tracks \\\"Chissa Se Tornera (Who Knows If He Will Return)\\\" (Mario De Sanctis, Antonio Salis, Lucio Salis) – 3:00 [Bonus track; 2000 CD reissue only] Personnel Billy Davis Jr. - lead vocals (tracks 1, 8), background vocals Florence LaRue - lead vocals (track 2), background vocals Marilyn McCoo - lead vocals (tracks 2, 4), background vocals Lamonte McLemore - background vocals Ron Townson - background vocals Additional personnel Dennis Budimir - guitar Mike Deasy - guitar Bill Fulton - guitar Tommy Tedesco - guitar Joe Osborn - bass Hal Blaine - drums, percussion Larry Bunker - mallets, congas, percussion Milt Holland - percussion Pete Jolly - keyboards Larry Knechtel - keyboards Jimmy Rowles - keyboards Bill Holman - Strings & Brass - string section, horn section Tony Terran - Trumpet Production Producer: Bones Howe Engineer: Bones Howe Mastering: Elliot Federman Digital transfers: Mike Hartry Reissue producer: Rob Santos Production coordination: Jeremy Holiday Production assistant: Ann McClelland, Tom Tierney, Russ Wapensky Project coordinator: Arlessa Barnes, Glenn Delgado, Christina DeSimone, Robin Diamond, Karyn Friedland, Felicia Gearhart, Laura Gregory, Robin Manning, Brooke Nochomson, Ed Osborne, Larry Parra, Dana Renert, Bill Stafford, Steve Strauss Archives coordinator: Joanne Feltman, Glenn Korman Musical arrangements: Bob Alcivar, Bill Holman, Bones Howe Vocal arrangement: Bob Alcivar Art direction: Ron Wolin Reissue art director: Mathieu Bitton Design: Mathieu Bitton, Ron Wolin Photography: Ed Caraeff Liner notes: Mike Ragogna Charts and awards Album Billboard (United States) Singles Billboard (United States) Grammys |- | rowspan=\\\"5\\\" | 1970 || rowspan=\\\"2\\\" | The Age of Aquarius || Album of the Year || |- | Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical || |- | rowspan=\\\"3\\\" | \\\"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In\\\" || Record of the Year || |- | Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals || |- | Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals || Certifications References 1969 albums The 5th Dimension albums Albums produced by Bones Howe Soul City Records (American label) albums\",\n \"title\": \"The Age of Aquarius (album)\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"18832193","text":"Wovoka is the fifth album by the American rock band Redbone. It was recorded between June and October 1973, and released in November 1973 on Epic Records. The album was produced by brothers Pat Vegas (bass, vocals) and Lolly Vegas (guitars, vocals), in addition to sound engineer Alex Kazanegras. It was the last Redbone album to feature Peter DePoe on drums. Wovoka was recorded with the help of multiple session musicians, including several additional backing vocalists. All main members of the band notably contributed to vocals. As with the band's other releases, Wovoka features songs with Native American themes; each of the band members at the time had either Native American or Mexican American heritage. Wovoka peaked on the US Billboard 200 at number 66 in 1974. The single \"Come and Get Your Love\" reached number five on the Billboard Hot 100. The single \"We Were All Wounded at Wounded Knee\" topped the Belgian and Dutch charts in 1973, but was absent from the American release after it was deemed too offensive for some audiences. Track listing LP The track \"We Were All Wounded at Wounded Knee\" was dropped from the US/Canadian release (KE 32462) due to its controversial theme. The song did appear on the European release (EPC 65500), and was moderately successful on the continent (see main Redbone entry). The LP version of \"Come and Get Your Love\" starts with a slow rendition of the chorus. This intro was cut from the single release. CD Released on the Columbia label in 1990, several edits were made to the album. The CD featured the single version of Come and Get Your Love; the track boundary on the short Chant Wovoka vocal was moved; and the last track 23rd and Mad was cut down. \"Wovoka\" (P. Vegas/L. Vegas) – 3:00 \"Sweet Lady of Love\" (L. Vegas) – 3:08 \"Someday (A Good Song)\" (P. Vegas/T. Bellamy) – 4:12 \"Liquid Truth\" (L. Vegas) – 5:03 \"Come and Get Your Love\" (L. Vegas) – 3:27 \"Day to Day Life\" / \"Chant Wovoka\" (P. Vegas/T. Bellamy) – 3:04 \"Clouds In My Sunshine\" (P. Vegas) – 3:44 \"23rd and Mad\" (L. Vegas/P. DePoe) - 3:08 Charts Album Personnel Lolly Vegas – lead guitar, electric sitar, leslie guitar, vocals Tony Bellamy – rhythm guitar, wah wah guitar, piano, vocals Pat Vegas – bass, fuzz bass, vocals Butch Rillera – drums, background vocals Peter DePoe – drums, background vocals Additional personnel Gene Page – orchestrator Joe Sample – piano, vibraphone Sherry Williams – background vocals Eddie Caciedo – percussion Johnny Lopez – background vocals References 1974 albums Redbone (band) albums Epic Records albums","title":"Wovoka (album)"},{"docid":"4803756","text":"Then and Now was David Cassidy's 16th solo album, released in 2002. It became a big hit in the UK, where it reached #5 in the album charts and ultimately achieved Platinum sales status. It contained new recordings of songs previously released in other albums. The US version of the album moved away from the emphasis on David Cassidy's UK music career and featured a different track listing, one that was more reflective of his hits in the USA. Gone were the songs \"Daydreamer\", \"I Write the Songs\", \"Some Kind Of A Summer\", \"If I Didn't Care\" and \"The Last Kiss\". These were replaced with updated versions of Cassidy's recordings of \"No Bridge I Wouldn't Cross (Young & Gifted Mix)\" and The Partridge Family theme \"C'mon, Get Happy\" plus a new recording of the song \"Do You Believe In Magic\" which David had also performed in a Christmas television advertisement for the Mervyn's department store. The different versions of this album ensured both were eagerly sought after by fans worldwide. Track listing \"I Think I Love You\" \"Could It Be Forever\" \"How Can I Be Sure\" \"I Woke Up In Love This Morning\" \"Daydreamer\" \"I Can Feel Your Heartbeat\" \"It's One of Those Nights (Yes Love)\" \"I Write the Songs\" \"Rock Me Baby\" \"Some Kind Of A Summer\" \"Looking Through the Eyes of Love\" \"I'll Meet You Halfway\" \"If I Didn't Care\" \"Cherish\" \"The Last Kiss\" \"Ain't No Sunshine\" \"Lyin' To Myself\" \"Cry\" \"No Bridge I Wouldn't Cross\" \"Sheltered In Your Arms\" \"Ricky's Tune\" \"Could It Be Forever (Feat. Hear'Say) Personnel Musicians: Drums - Mike Bradley, Hal Blaine Bass - Steve Pearce, Max Bennett Piano/Keyboards - Pete Murray Fender Rhodes - Michael Smith Guitars - Hugh Burns, Fridrick Karlsson, Jimmy McIntosh, Dennis Budimir, Louie Shelton Percussion - Frank Ricotti, Gary Coleman Piano Accordion - Eddie Hession Harmonica - Brenden Power Harpsichord - Alexander Skeaping Recorder - Paul Fawcus Violins: Harvey De Souza, Laurence Jackson, Darrell Kok, Jan Schmolk, Ralph De Souza, Simon Smith, Sarah Ewins, Steve Morris Viola: Bob Smissen, Tim Grant Cello: Jo Knight, William Schofield Woodwind: Saxophone and Flute - Paul Fawcus, Scott Garland Brass: Trumpet and Flugal - Pat White, Mark Cumberland Trombone - Dennis Rollins Background vocals: David Cassidy - Background vocals on \"Ain't No Sunshine\" Ted Carfrae - Harmony vocal on \"I Write The Songs\" Mae McKenna, Janet Mooney, Lance Ellington, Phil Nicholl, Candace Davis Martin, Lisa Mayer, John Bahlor, Tom Bahlor, Randy Crenshaw, Jackie Ward References David Cassidy albums 2001 compilation albums","title":"Then and Now (David Cassidy album)"},{"docid":"36218472","text":"Nice N' Wild, also known as Nice & Wild, was a U.S. freestyle music group that rose to fame in 1986 after their release of \"Diamond Girl\". Band members included David Torres, Reggie Pierre and Remy Palacios. Although these three bandmates \"performed\" the song publicly, they did not sing the original vocals for \"Diamond Girl\", rather lip syncing the song's vocals during performances. However, David Torres did sing the Spanish parts himself after completing vocal training. The final and original voice of “Diamond Girl” vocal track on the hit recording was performed by John Minnis (with David L Cook having sung the demo vocal). Because of mistitled videos on the internet, many believe that Stevie B is the original vocalist of the song, but that of course is false. The song was written and produced by Arthur Lammoglia and Joe Granda in 1986. \"Diamond Girl\" was featured on the band's debut full-length album, Energy, Love and Unity, released the following year (1987). The album also featured follow-up singles \"Obsession\" and \"Oh Baby (I Want to Make Love Tonight)\", which were less successful than the debut hit. Nearly a decade later, the band released a follow-up album, Infatuation, again featuring Minnis prominently as the lead vocalist, along with songwriting contributions from Granda, who also served as executive producer for the project. Despite the title track and a cover of the Bill Withers classic \"Ain't No Sunshine\" being released as singles, further commercial success proved elusive. Discography Albums Energy, Love and Unity (LP, Atlantic, 1987) Infatuation (CD, Right Touch Production, 1996) Singles and EPs \"Diamond Girl\" (Top Hits, 1986) \"Obsession\" (Atlantic, 1987) \"Oh Baby (I Want to Make Love Tonight)\" (7\", promo, Atlantic, 1987) \"Infatuation\"(Freestyle Records, 1995) \"Ain't No Sunshine\" (12\", Right Touch Production, 1996) References Atlantic Records artists American Eurodance groups American dance music groups Musical groups established in 1986 Musical groups disestablished in 1996 American musical trios","title":"Nice & Wild"},{"docid":"6130335","text":"Natural Wonder is a live album by American musician Stevie Wonder, released in 1995 and recorded in Osaka, Japan and Tel Aviv, Israel. The tour featured different symphony orchestras at some venues, conducted by touring conductor Henry Panion III. It is his fourth live album after Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius (1963), Stevie Wonder Live (1970), and Live at the Talk of the Town (also 1970), and his only one as a mature artist. Content The album comprises songs from throughout his career, spanning 1969's My Cherie Amour to 1995's Conversation Peace, in addition to the debut of three new songs – \"Dancing to the Rhythm\", the Stevie Ray Vaughan tribute \"Stevie Ray Blues\", and \"Ms. & Mr. Little Ones\". Wonder also performs \"Stay Gold\", a song he sang and co-write with composer Carmine Coppola for Coppola's score to The Outsiders. Track listing Disc one \"Dancing to the Rhythm\" – 7:07 \"Love's in Need of Love Today\" – 6:02 \"Master Blaster (Jammin')\" – 3:36 \"Stevie Ray Blues\" – 2:27 \"Higher Ground\" – 3:59 \"Rocket Love\" – 4:47 \"Stay Gold\" – 4:21 \"Ribbon in the Sky\" – 8:37 \"Pastime Paradise\" – 3:22 \"If It's Magic\" – 3:34 \"Ms. & Mr. Little Ones\" – 4:17 \"Village Ghetto Land\" – 3:26 \"Tomorrow Robins Will Sing\" – 4:20 Disc two \"Overjoyed\" – 3:59 \"My Cherie Amour\" – 3:20 \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours\" – 2:45 \"Living for the City\" – 4:26 \"Sir Duke\" – 2:46 \"I Wish\" – 4:06 \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" – 2:21 \"Superstition\" – 5:37 \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\" – 4:38 \"For Your Love\" – 5:06 \"Another Star\" – 5:55 Personnel Stevie Wonder – vocals, keyboards, grand piano, harmonica Band Herman Jackson – keyboards Isaiah Sanders – keyboards Rick Zunigar – guitars Nathan Watts – bass, musical director Gerry Brown – drums Munyungo Jackson – percussion Keith John – backing vocals Panzie Johnson – backing vocals Marva King – backing vocals Orchestra Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra Paul Riser – orchestrations and arrangements Dr. Henry Panion, III – conductor Fredrick Charley – orchestra librarian Steve Torok – orchestra librarian Production Stevie Wonder – producer, arrangements Peter Edmonds – production manager George Packer – production manager Danny Leake – recording engineer, FOH engineer Tohru \"Kiku\" Kikuchi – system engineer Gary Adante – editing, mixing Robert A. Arbittier – editing, mixing Chris Bellman – mastering at Bernie Grundman Mastering (Hollywood, California) Brian O'Neal – liner notes Jackie Salway – art direction, design James Minchin III – photography David Safian – photography Eddie Wolfl – photography References 1995 live albums Stevie Wonder live albums Motown live albums Albums produced by Stevie Wonder","title":"Natural Wonder"},{"docid":"41580236","text":"The Michael Jackson Mix is a compilation album by American singer and recording artist Michael Jackson, released in 1987. Available as a double LP, double cassette and double CD, the album contains 40 songs from Jackson's Motown career – solo and with The Jackson 5 – edited together in four separate megamixes: \"Love Mix 1\" and \"Love Mix 2\" on the first LP, cassette and CD, and \"Dance Mix 1\" and \"Dance Mix 2\" on the second LP, cassette and CD. Track listing \"Love Mix 1\" (LP & cassette side one; CD one – 23:06) \"Ben\" (Don Black, Walter Scharf) \"Ain't No Sunshine\" (Bill Withers) \"One Day in Your Life\" (Sam Brown III, Renée Armand) \"Never Can Say Goodbye\" (Clifton Davis) \"Got to Be There\" (Hal Davis, The Corporation, Willie Hutch) \"Happy (Love Theme from 'Lady Sings the Blues')\" (Michel Legrand, Smokey Robinson) \"I'll Be There\" (Berry Gordy, Bob West, Willie Hutch, Hal Davis) \"We're Almost There\" (Brian Holland, Edward Holland Jr.) \"People Make the World Go Round\" (Thom Bell, Linda Creed) \"Love Mix 2\" (LP & cassette side two; CD one – 20:15) \"Who's Lovin' You\" (Smokey Robinson, Berry Gordy) \"I Was Made to Love Her\" (Stevie Wonder, Lula Mae Hardaway, Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy) \"You've Really Got a Hold on Me\" (Smokey Robinson) \"Music and Me\" (Jerry Marcellino, Mel Larson, Don Fenceton, Mike Cannon) \"Call on Me\" (Fonce Mizell, Larry Mizell) \"Lonely Teardrops\" (Gordy, Roquel \"Billy\" Davis, Gwendolyn Gordy) \"You've Got a Friend\" (Carole King) \"Girl Don't Take Your Love from Me\" (Willie Hutch) \"We've Got a Good Thing Going\" (The Corporation) \"I'll Come Home to You\" (Freddie Perren, Christine Yarian) \"Dance Mix 1\" (LP & cassette side three; CD two – 21:10) \"ABC\" (The Corporation) \"I Want You Back\" (The Corporation) \"Get It Together\" (Hal Davis, Norman Whitfield) \"The Boogie Man\" (Deke Richards) \"Just a Little Bit of You\" (Brian Holland, Edward Holland Jr.) \"The Love You Save\" (The Corporation) \"Farewell My Summer Love\" (Keni St. Lewis) \"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone\" (Holland, Lamont Dozier) \"Hallelujah Day\" (Freddie Perren, Christine Yarian) \"Skywriter\" (Mel Larson, Jerry Marcellino) \"Lookin' Through the Windows\" (The Corporation, Davis) \"Dance Mix 2\" (LP & cassette side four; CD two – 21:02) \"Sugar Daddy\" (The Corporation) \"Don't Let It Get You Down\" (Jerry Marcellino, Mel Larson, Deke Richards) \"Girl You're So Together\" (Keni St. Lewis) \"Mama's Pearl\" (The Corporation) \"My Girl\" (Smokey Robinson, Ronald White) \"Dancing Machine\" (Hal Davis, Don Fletcher, Dean Parks) \"Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day\" (Stevie Wonder, Sylvia Moy, Henry Cosby) \"Doctor My Eyes\" (Jackson Browne, Richard Sanford Orshoff) \"Rockin' Robin\" (Leon René) \"Little Bitty Pretty One (Bobby Day) UK 7\" promo \"Dance Mix 1\" – Promo Edit (Side A – 3:18) \"ABC\" \"I Want You Back\" \"Get It Together\" \"The Boogie Man\" \"Love Mix 1\" – Promo Edit (Side B – 3:56) \"Ben\" \"Ain't No Sunshine\" \"One Day in Your Life\" Production Compiled by DMC Dakeyne – DJ mix (megamix) Ceri Berry – liner notes Charts and certifications Weekly charts Certifications References","title":"The Michael Jackson Mix"},{"docid":"26191004","text":"The Troubadour Reunion Tour was a 2010 international concert tour by Carole King and James Taylor. It celebrated the 40th anniversary of their first performance together at The Troubadour in November 1970, and was a continuation of their reunion at the Troubadour in November 2007. History The tour was announced on November 12, 2009. Over 50 dates were scheduled in Australia and New Zealand, Japan, and North America. The tour began on March 26, 2010 at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia. The touring band included the original support band from The Troubadour: Danny Kortchmar (guitar), Leland Sklar (bass) and Russ Kunkel (drums). Other members were Robbie Kondor (keyboards, piano, organ, accordion, chromatic harmonica), Arnold McCuller (vocals), Kate Markowitz (vocals) and Andrea Zonn (vocals and fiddle). For secondary ticket sales, for the week of January 24, 2010, it was estimated to be the best selling ticket event in the world, beating out even the Super Bowl. These ticket sales were based on sales from the TicketNetwork Exchange, the largest secondary ticket exchange in the world. This does not include primary ticket sellers such as Ticketmaster. The North America leg of the tour incorporated a stage design that included intimate nightclub-style seating. The proceeds from these seats benefit various charities. The Oceania leg of the tour was promoted by Michael Coppel, who was also promoting Lady Gaga's The Monster Ball Tour at the same time. Lady Gaga attended one of the Troubadour Reunion concerts in Sydney. The final performance of the tour was on July 20, 2010 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California. In an interview with Carole King and James Taylor for Billboard Magazine, Taylor stated there will probably never be another Troubadour Reunion Tour. However, he mentioned that a European tour was possible. Tour dates Box office score data Set list One typical set list for the tour has been: First set \"Blossom\" \"So Far Away\" \"Machine Gun Kelly\" \"Carolina in My Mind\" \"Sunshine Sunshine\" \"Smackwater Jack\" \"Country Road\" \"Where You Lead\" \"Your Smiling Face\" \"Song of Long Ago\" → \"Long Ago and Far Away\" \"Beautiful\" \"Shower the People\" \"Way Over Yonder\" Second set \"Copperline\" \"Crying in the Rain\" \"Mexico\" \"Sweet Baby James\" \"Jazzman\" \"Will You Love Me Tomorrow\" \"Steamroller Blues\" \"It's Too Late\" \"Fire and Rain\" \"I Feel the Earth Move\" \"You've Got a Friend\" Encore \"Up on the Roof\" \"How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)\" \"You Can Close Your Eyes\" \"The Loco-Motion\" Other songs played included \"Honey Don't Leave L.A.\", \"Sweet Seasons\", and \"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\" (as the first-set closer). The second or third song of the second set was a \"fan request\" slot, taken from a web poll for that show from a constrained list and alternating between King and Taylor. Notes While in the beginning of the tour (until May 18, 2010) “The Loco-Motion\" was the final song, in later concerts (starting on May 19, 2010) the final song was \"You Can Close Your Eyes\"","title":"Troubadour Reunion Tour"},{"docid":"2374497","text":"Fireflies is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Faith Hill. The album was released on August 2, 2005 via Warner Bros. Records Nashville. Her first album since her 2002 crossover album Cry, Fireflies marked a return to traditional country music for Hill. Hill co-produced the album with Byron Gallimore and Dann Huff. Husband Tim McGraw is featured on the single \"Like We Never Loved at All\". Five singles in total were released from the album. The lead single, \"Mississippi Girl\", marked Hill's ninth and final country number one hit and her first since 2000's \"The Way You Love Me\"'; it spent two weeks atop the Hot Country Songs chart. Follow-up singles \"Like We Never Loved at All\", \"The Lucky One\", and \"Sunshine and Summertime\" (which was her last solo top ten hit at country radio) all peaked within the top ten, with the first two peaking within the top five. \"Stealing Kisses\" was also a top 40 hit. In its first week, Fireflies debuted atop both the all-genre Billboard 200 and Top Country Albums, selling 329,000 copies. Fireflies marked Hill's third consecutive album to top both of the charts simultaneously after 1999's Breathe and 2002's Cry. The album has been certified two times platinum by the RIAA for selling two million copies. Despite the commercial success, it was met with mixed reviews with many complaining that the album was bland. \"Like We Never Loved at All\" won the Grammy for Best Country Collaboration at the 48th Grammy Awards in 2006 while \"Mississippi Girl\" and Fireflies were nominated for Best Female Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Album. Content Singles from the album include, in order of release: \"Mississippi Girl\", \"Like We Never Loved at All\", \"The Lucky One\", \"Sunshine and Summertime\" and \"Stealing Kisses\". Of these, \"Mississippi Girl\" was a Number One on the US Billboard country charts. The other singles peaked at numbers 5, 5, 7 and 36 on that chart, respectively. Of the singles, \"Mississippi Girl\", \"Like We Never Loved at All\" and \"Sunshine and Summertime\" were co-written by John Rich of Big & Rich, while The Warren Brothers (Brad and Brett) co-wrote \"The Lucky One\", a song on which Brett also sings backing vocals. Other backing vocalists on this album include Hill's husband, Tim McGraw (on \"Like We Never Loved at All\"), Bekka Bramlett, Rhonda Vincent, and Kelly Willis. Hill produced the entire album, with co-production from Byron Gallimore on tracks 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 12, Dann Huff on 7, 8, 13, and 14, and both Gallimore and Huff on 2 and 11. Critical reception At Metacritic, the album has an average score of 57, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Track listing Personnel As listed in liner notes. Musicians Greg Barnhill - background vocals (1, 9, 10, 11, 12) Bruce Bouton - steel guitar (2, 7, 8, 11), Dobro (8) Bekka Bramlett - background vocals (1, 2, 11) Tom Bukovac - electric guitar (1, 2, 3, 5-11, 13, 14), acoustic","title":"Fireflies (Faith Hill album)"},{"docid":"3391107","text":"Cameron Thane Muncey (born 8 February 1980) is an Australian guitarist and vocalist. He is the mainstay lead guitarist and one of the songwriters of Melbourne-based rock band Jet which formed in 2001. Muncey co-wrote many of Jet's hits with Nic and Chris Cester, including \"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\", \"Radio Song\", \"Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is\" and \"Cold Hard Bitch\". Biography Muncey was born in Melbourne, and attended St Bedes College (high school) with future bandmates Nic and Chris Cester. Muncey took up guitar after hearing \"Sunshine Of Your Love\" by Cream. The song \"Timothy\" from \"Get Born\" was written about an older brother named Timothy who died in infancy before Muncey was born. Muncey and Nic Cester became best friends at school, with Cester declaring \"He had 'Led Zeppelin' written on his bag, and so did I, so it was inevitable, I guess\", on the band's documentary recorded on their DVD, Right! Right! Right!. Muncey's trademark guitar for Get Born was a Gibson Flying V, and he has used it in concert and in many of the videos. He has since switched to Gibson Les Pauls and SGs. Since Shaka Rock, Muncey mainly plays a Gibson ES137. Muncey uses Marshall amps as seen in the \"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\" video, as well as Orange Amplification as seen in the \"Take it or Leave it\" video. In the video for \"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\" he can be seen wearing an AC/DC T-shirt. In addition to playing lead guitar, Muncey sings lead vocals on a number of Jet's songs, including \"Hey Kids\", \"Radio Song\" and more recently \"She Holds A Grudge\". Muncey married his girlfriend Sarah Rumbelow, on 18 August 2009. APRA Awards The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). |- |rowspan=\"2\"| 2006 || \"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\" – Nicholas Cester, Cameron Muncey || Most Performed Australian Work Overseas || |- | \"Cold Hard Bitch\" – Nicholas Cester, Christopher Cester, Cameron Muncey || Most Performed Australian Work Overseas || |- | 2007 || \"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\" – Nicholas Cester, Cameron Muncey || Most Performed Australian Work Overseas || References General Note: [on-line] version established at White Room Electronic Publishing Pty Ltd in 2007 and was expanded from the 2002 edition. Specific External links JET official website JET at MySpace 1980 births APRA Award winners Australian rock guitarists Jet (band) members Lead guitarists Living people 21st-century guitarists Musicians from Melbourne People educated at St Bede's College (Mentone)","title":"Cameron Muncey"},{"docid":"19072268","text":"\"Angel\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Natasha Bedingfield for her second North American album Pocketful of Sunshine (2007). It was released as the album's third single in North America on 11 August 2008. The song was produced by Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins, hence the \"Darkchild forever\" line at the beginning of the song, he also sings the chorus. The song is written in the key of B minor and set in time. Bedingfield's vocals range from F3 to C5. It utilizes a prominent spelling out of the word 'angel' as its hook. In the song, Bedingfield sings of being a guardian angel of sorts for her companion, stating in the chorus, \"I'll be your A-N-G-E-L.\" On 18 September 2008 she performed the song live on America's Got Talent. This song is featured in the rhythmic, singing video game Boogie Superstar, but only as the Moto Blanco Club Remix and as an online exclusive song. Critical reception Chris Williams of Billboard praised \"Angel\", noting that it takes on \"a decidedly more urban slant\", and saying, \"Vocally, Bedingfield has no difficulty adjusting to the production, confidently delivering with sass and swagger.\" He also thought the track would do well, claiming, \"With angelic harmonies throughout, a catchy chorus with a fun spell-out of \"a-n-g-e-l\" and a sing-rap bridge, Bedingfield is on her way again to the airwaves' high heavens.\" Chart performance \"Angel\" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at #93, the chart week of 4 October 2008. It has debuted on the Pop 100 at #91, and has climbed to #35. Since its release date it has been one of the most added tracks at U.S. Mainstream Top 40 radio. It has already climbed to #25 on BDS CHR/Top 40 chart. The song debuted at #96 on the Canadian Hot 100 and peaked at #41. Music video Phil Griffin shot the music video for the song. The video features Bedingfield in several different rooms and outfits, with multiple versions of her suddenly appearing and then disappearing. The music video uses the Radio Edit of the song which alters the bridge: the lyrics \"I wish somebody would disrespect my man, they gon' have to come see me. I go hard for my baby...\" being changed to \"if someone ever should disrespect my love, they gon' have to come see me. I fight hard for my baby...\" Charts Release history References 2000s ballads 2008 singles Natasha Bedingfield songs Song recordings produced by Rodney Jerkins Contemporary R&B ballads Pop ballads Songs written by Rodney Jerkins Songs written by Crystal Nicole Songs written by Rico Love Songs written by LaShawn Daniels","title":"Angel (Natasha Bedingfield song)"},{"docid":"2698786","text":"DeVotchKa is an American four-piece multi-instrumental and vocal ensemble. They take their name from the Russian word devochka (девочка), meaning \"girl\". Based in Denver, Colorado, the quartet is made up of Nick Urata, who sings and plays theremin, guitar, bouzouki, piano, and trumpet; Tom Hagerman, who plays violin, accordion, and piano; Jeanie Schroder, who sings and plays sousaphone, double bass, and flute; and Shawn King, who plays percussion and trumpet. History Originally a backing band for burlesque shows, in their early years DeVotchKa also toured with burlesque performer and model Dita Von Teese. Numerous nationwide tours in support of self-released records earned the band an underground following. Their song \"How It Ends\", from the 2004 album of the same name, introduced the band to a wider audience after being featured in the trailer for Everything Is Illuminated, in a 2008 Gears of War 2 trailer called \"The Last Day\", and in an episode of Everwood. \"How It Ends\" reached Number 101 in the UK Singles Charts. Their performance at the 2006 Bonnaroo music festival was considered a breakout event. In 2006, Arcade Fire singer Win Butler suggested to DeVotchKa that they arrange the Siouxsie and the Banshees song \"The Last Beat of My Heart\". The musicians found the idea interesting and they recorded that song for 2006's Curse Your Little Heart EP. In between tours, the band was picked by first time film directors Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris to score Little Miss Sunshine, a 2006 film that would go on to garner four Academy Award nominations. DeVotchKa, along with composer Mychael Danna, composed and performed the majority of the music for the film's soundtrack and were nominated for a 2006 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack. The main song, \"The Winner Is\", was also used in a commercial by the French-based environment and energy company Suez and the Dutch pension fund PGGM. Their 2008 album, A Mad & Faithful Telling, reached No. 9 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and No. 29 on the Top Independent Albums chart. \"New World\" and \"Head Honcho\" were featured in a season 4 episode of the Showtime television show Weeds. In 2008, Boston newspaper The Phoenix named them the Best New Band from Colorado. The band supported Muse at the Stade de France on June 12, 2010, playing to over 80,000 people. The band's newest album, This Night Falls Forever, was released on August 24, 2018, via Concord Records. On July 13, 2018, DeVotchKa released \"Straight Shot\", which is the first track on the album. Members Nick Urata – vocals, guitars, piano, trumpet, theremin, bouzouki Tom Hagerman – violin, accordion, piano, Melodica Jeanie Schroder – sousaphone (currently), upright bass, vocals, flute Shawn King – drums, percussion, trumpet, accordion, organ Discography SuperMelodrama (2000) Triple X Tango (2002) Una Volta (2003) How It Ends (2004) Curse Your Little Heart (EP) (2006) Little Miss Sunshine (soundtrack) (2006) A Mad & Faithful Telling (2008) No. 29 Independent Albums Chart/ No. 9 Heatseakers (Billboard U.S.) I Love You, Phillip","title":"DeVotchKa"},{"docid":"13712560","text":"Dance Nation is a Dutch Electronic Dance Music formation founded in 2001 by songwriters, producers and DJs Rob Janssen & Brad Grobler. Dutch singers and performers Sean & Kim are the live act fronting Dance Nation since their first and highly successful single \"Sunshine\". Biography Early years (2001-2003) Dance Nation released their debut single 'Sunshine' in 2001. This was followed by singles such as \"Dance\", \"Words\", and \"You Take Me Away\". In 2004, they switched to the name \"Double Nation\" due to legal proceedings. In 2003, they also collaborated with The Lovestern Galaktika Project for the single \"My First Love\". 2003-2005 In this period, following the label crisis Noculan Music (after inglobed into Jamie Lewis by his Purple Eye Entertainment), that struck not only Dance Nation, but also other trance artists such as Noémi and 666 and the general mutation of the music genres in Europe, going House, Hard House and Elektro, lead Dance Nation to land in Japan, where they still have a great deal of success and their production focused in the last years. From this moment on, the group had a sort of split life, releasing Trance projects for Japanese market and House ones for the European one. In this climate born singles like \"Beachtime\" in Japan and \"I'm Gonna Get You\" and the House/Elektro track \"Move Your Love\" in Europe. It's because their production are more Asian based than European, that it is difficult to find their releases outside Japan, both in online and retail stores and it's because of that too that no one knows about the release of two albums and a compilation. Titles are Trance Champion, released in 2005 by the Japanese label Avex Productions, containing all the past-released singles, including \"Celebrate Your Life\", that, listening to some people, should have been the next single; One Nation in 2007 always by the same label; and Christmas Trance in winter 2006, including a lot of popular Christmas melodies rearranged in Trance style, like Dance Nation always did. 2006 - 2021 Just before summer 2006 Dance Nation released their single \"Ridin' High\", which confirmed a general move towards House music sounds of the European market. An album was going to be produced too, with an undisclosed release date, containing some remixes of their first single, \"Sunshine\". Remixes were being collected from their numerous fans all over the world but sadly such a remix Lp never happened. Continuing the house music sound in 2007 they released the single 'Move Your Love', a collaborative rework of the popular year 2000 released 'On The Move' by Barthezz. It was not until two years later that new material were published in the form of the two compilation albums 'Vocal Trance Years 2001-2004 // 2004-2009'. Compilations containing the early singles, 'Move Your Love' as well as additional singles in the form of 'Celebrate Your Life', 'Reach For The Light' and 'I'm Gonna Get You'. In addition popular tracks such as 'Fired Up', 'Lovin Arms' and 'Summer Rain'. 2010 saw the","title":"Dance Nation (dance group)"},{"docid":"46869731","text":"\"Hold Me Up\" is the debut solo single by Australian singer Conrad Sewell. It was released on 3 March 2015 and taken from his debut extended play, All I Know. The song is co-written and co-produced by Sewell and Brian Lee (who has previously worked with Lady Gaga and Icona Pop), The Euroz and Louis Bell. The song was released in Australia on 3 March 2015 and peaked at number 39 on the ARIA Singles Chart. The track was released in the United Kingdom on 24 July. The remixes were released on 20 November. Background Sewell moved from Brisbane to Los Angeles to work on his music and in late 2014, provided the vocals on Kygo’s 2014 tropical house hit \"Firestone\". On March 2, 2015 Sewell announced his opening slot on Ed Sheeran's 13-date Australian X tour throughout March and April via a video posted on his Facebook page. \"Hold Me Up\" was released the next day. \"Hold Me Up\" emerged from a late-night, free-form session in the studio. Sewell said; \"I’ve been doing this thing lately where I set up a mic live, put on some reverb so I feel like I’m singing in front of people, put on a track and just flow a melody over it. It’s been hard for me to get up-tempo songs, because I love nothing more than sitting at the piano and melting your heart—that’s definitely what I’ll tend to do in a writing situation. So when that one came, it was just a fun track that you can dance, drive, sing to, and we can worry about the serious stuff later.\" Music video The monochrome video features Sewell, chilling out and enjoying life down by the beach. The video was released on 12 May 2015. Reviews Mike Wass from Idolator said ‘Hold Me Up’ is a \"soulful, vaguely disco-tinged pop anthem\" and is a huge song with an instantly hummable chorus\". Madison Vain of Entertainment Weekly called the song \"an upbeat, anthemic, just-about-impossible-to-not-get-swept-away-in pop track.\" AuspOp said ‘Hold Me Up’ is \"effortlessly cool, eternally optimistic, vocally impressive and filled with enough pop sunshine to brighten even the greyest of days.\" Track listing Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References 2015 singles Conrad Sewell songs Songs written by Brian Lee (songwriter) 2015 songs Songs written by Louis Bell Songs written by Conrad Sewell","title":"Hold Me Up (song)"},{"docid":"24579094","text":"There's a Hippo in My Tub, rereleased as Anne Murray Sings for the Sesame Street Generation is a 1977 children's album and the thirteenth studio album by Anne Murray. Although the album did not make any of the major charts in the US or Canada, it was certified Platinum in Canada. The album was initially reissued in 1979 by Sesame Street Records retitled Anne Murray Sings for the Sesame Street Generation. It was again reissued in 2001 in CD format by EMI Music Canada, including three extra songs that were not on the original album. It was produced by Pat Riccio Jr. As Anne Murray Sings for the Sesame Street Generation, the album was nominated for the 1980 Grammy Awards in the Best Children's Album category, where it was up against two other Sesame Street-branded albums and the soundtrack of The Muppet Movie, which won. The synthesizer line from “Teddy Bears’ Picnic” was sampled by the American hip hop group Ugly Duckling as part of the song “Down the Road.” Track listing (1977) \"Hey, Daddy\" (Bob Ruzicka) \"Stars are the Windows of Heaven\" (Jimmy Steiger, Tommie Malie) \"Animal Crackers\" (Irving Caesar, Ted Koehler) \"Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo\" (Bronisław Kaper, Helen Deutsch) \"Why, Oh, Why (Why, Why, Why)\" (Woody Guthrie) \"Teddy Bears' Picnic\" (Jimmy Kennedy, John Walter Bratton) \"Inchworm\" (Frank Loesser) \"You Are My Sunshine/Open Up Your Heart\" (Stuart Hamblen, Charles Mitchell) \"Sleepytime\" (John Renton) \"Lullaby Medley: Hush Little Baby/Sleep Child/Brahms Lullaby\" (Traditional, Robbie MacNeill) Track listing (2001 reissue) \"Hey, Daddy\" (Bob Ruzicka) \"Stars Are the Windows of Heaven\" (Jimmy Steiger, Tommie Malie) \"Animal Crackers\" (Irving Caesar, Ted Koehler) \"Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo\" (Bronisław Kaper, Helen Deutsch) \"Why, Oh, Why (Why, Why, Why)\" (Woody Guthrie) \"Teddy Bears' Picnic\" (Jimmy Kennedy, John Walter Bratton) \"Sing High, Sing Low\" (Brent Titcomb) \"Inchworm\" (Frank Loesser) \"You Are My Sunshine/Open Up Your Heart\" (Stuart Hamblen, Charles Mitchell) \"I Can See Clearly Now\" (Johnny Nash) \"What a Wonderful World\" (Robert Thiele Jr., George David Weiss) \"Sleepytime\" (John Renton) \"Lullaby Medley: Hush Little Baby/Sleep Child/Brahms Lullaby\" (Traditional, Robbie MacNeill) Chart performance Personnel Anne Murray—lead vocals Lisa Dryburgh, Christine MacIntosh, Kathleen Langstroth, Aidan Mason, Anne Murray, Pat Riccio Jr., Lisa Wonnacott—backing vocals Pete Cardinali—bass guitar Paul Beedham—drums Sid Beckwith—flute Bob Mann, Aidan Mason, Miles Wilkinson—guitar John Mills Cockell, Pat Riccio Jr.—keyboards Bob Lucier—steel guitar Rick Wilkins—string arrangements References 1977 albums Anne Murray albums Capitol Records albums Children's music albums by Canadian artists Juno Award for Children's Album of the Year albums","title":"There's a Hippo in My Tub"},{"docid":"170509","text":"Crossword Puzzle is the seventh and penultimate studio album by The Partridge Family. Released in June 1973, it was the last Partridge Family album to chart in the US, entering Billboard's Top LP's chart in July and peaking at no. 167 in its second of just five weeks in the Top 200. Bell Records, losing faith in the group after oversaturating the market with product, chose not to release a US single from the album, though \"Sunshine\" was released as a single in Japan. The LP cover featured a crossword puzzle, with the answers given inside on one side of the dust sleeve. As with previous release The Partridge Family Notebook, the American album cover of Crossword Puzzle included no group photo, but did feature small black-and-white photos of Shirley Jones (at left) and David Cassidy (at right). In 2003 the album was released on CD on Arista's BMG Heritage Records label. Track listing All tracks, except \"It's A Long Way To Heaven\", \"Now That You Got Me Where You Want Me\" and \"Let Your Love Go\", were featured on the TV show (mainly from Season 3). Personnel John Bahler - vocal arrangement, background vocals Tom Bahler - background vocals Stan Farber - background vocals - uncredited (A6) Jerry Whitman - background vocals - uncredited (B2) Max Bennett - bass Hal Blaine - drums Dennis Budimir - guitar Larry Carlton - guitar David Cassidy - vocals Pete Ciccone - re-design Wes Farrell - rhythm arrangements Elliott Federman - mastering Mike Hartry - digital transfers Ron Hicklin - background vocals Jeremy Holiday - production coordination John Hudson - product manager Shirley Jones - vocals Larry Knechtel - keyboards Bob Kovach - engineer Mike Melvoin - string and horn arrangements, keyboards Joe Osborn - bass Rob Santos - re-issue producer Louie Shelton - guitar Lisa Sutton - liner notes Tommy Tedesco - guitar Jackie Ward - background vocals Beverly Weinstein - art direction Winston Wong - assistant engineer Track information and credits adapted from AllMusic Releases CD Crossword Puzzle Buddha Records 2001 CD Crossword Puzzle BMG Heritage 2003 CD Crossword Puzzle Sbme Special Mkts. 2008 CD Crossword Puzzle BMG Heritage Recording dates 4 September 1971 \"As Long As There's You\" \"Come On Love\" 1 May 1972 \"One Day at a Time\" \"It Means I'm in Love with You\" (see 23 May 1972) \"It Sounds Like You're Saying Hello\" \"It's You\" 23 May 1972 \"It Means I'm In Love With You\" (Re-Record, see 1 May 1972) 4 September 1972 \"Sunshine\" \"Let Your Love Go\" 22 September 1972 \"It's a Long Way to Heaven\" \"Now That You've Got Me Where You Want Me\" \"I've Got Your Love All Over Me\" See recording dates for this and other Partridge Family albums at The Partridge Family Recording Sessions Charts References The Partridge Family albums 1973 albums Albums arranged by Mike Melvoin Albums produced by Wes Farrell Bell Records albums Albums recorded at United Western Recorders","title":"Crossword Puzzle"},{"docid":"23217330","text":"The Zircons were a vocal-based, doo-wop style musical group from Harlem and later the Bronx, New York, in the late 1950s and 1960s. Zircons (1959–1963) Vocal doo wop group from East Harlem, New York. Active between 1959 and 1964. The original members of The Zircons (spelled with a c) included: Jimmy Gerenetski (lead) Neil Colello John Loiacono Ken Pulicine Donald Lewis Their biggest hit was a 1963 cover of \"Lonely Way\", The Sky-liner's 1959 recording. They followed it up with \"Your Way\" on Mellomood Record Co. The Zirkons (1964–1967) In 1964, six singers from the Bronx, New York, formed an a cappella (or doo-wop) group. The Zirkons (spelt with k) had the following line-up: Mario Ibañez (lead) Carlos Infante (baritone) Leo Perez (1st tenor) Robert McInerney (2nd tenor) Neal Stuart (Schoenberg) (1st/2nd tenor, falsetto lead) Barry Zakir (baritone/bass) The Zirkons recorded on various record labels, including Old Timer / Cat-Time / Catamount / Amber (as The Zirkons) and on Snowflake Records (as The Zirkons). Their repertory included: 1964: \"You Are My Sunshine\", \"Silver Bells\" and \"Stormy Weather\" [Old Timer Records] 1965: \"Blue Moon\", \"Remember Then\", \"Unchained Melody\", \"You Baby You\" [Catamount Records] 1966: \"One Summer Night\", \"Lone Stranger\" 1967: \"Here in My Heart\" Other songs included \"Come Dance With Me\", \"Crazy For You\", \"Glory of Love\", \"My Own True Love\", \"Never\", \"Blue Moon\", \"Once In A While\", \"Sincerely\", \"Smile\", \"Sunday Kind Of Love\", and \"The Wind.” References Further reading J. Santiago, Steven J. Dunham, and Jerry Lawson, Capella Street Corner Vocal Groups: A Brief History and Discography of 1960s Singing Groups, Mellow Sound Press (2006), Dr. Anthony J. Grebin & Dr. Matthew M. Schiff, The Complete Book of Doo Wop, Collectables (2006), Doo-wop groups Entertainers from the Bronx Musical groups from New York City","title":"The Zircons"},{"docid":"71133875","text":"Look at Love is an album by the Jamaican musician Judy Mowatt, released in 1991. Mowatt supported the album with a North American tour. Production The album was produced by Sly and Robbie and Michael Bennett. After realizing that she could tour successfully without new music to promote, Mowatt took her time thinking about the album and selecting its songs. Many of the songs touch on themes of female equality and empowerment. \"Watchdogs\" is a cover of the UB40 song. Groovin' is a cover of the Young Rascals song. \"Jah Love\" is a cover of the Bob Marley song; \"Jah Love\" is the song that Marley asked the I-Threes to sing at their audition for him. Critical reception The Gazette determined that \"there's little to recommend Look at Love unless your tastes are reggae MOR.\" The Washington Post noted that, \"despite its pop ambitions and the dance hall grooves carved out by producers Sly Dunbar and Robbie Shakespeare, there's no mistaking the album's inspirational and feminist bent.\" The Chicago Tribune stated that Mowatt \"never loses sight of the classic reggae sound or its concern for socially conscious messages.\" The Star Tribune thought that the album \"finds her moving closer to a pop sound.\" The St. Louis Post-Dispatch concluded that the album \"presses Mowatt's search for a fusion between reggae and contemporary American black music... She uses heavily electronic percussion beats with a pervasive undercurrent of hip-hop.\" AllMusic wrote: \"Breezy seems a word tailor-made for Judy Mowatt, and her sweet vocals, bouncy delivery, and bright as sunshine optimism make Look at Love an upbeat charmer.\" Track listing References Judy Mowatt albums 1991 albums Shanachie Records albums","title":"Look at Love"},{"docid":"17658533","text":"United We Stand is the debut album by The Brotherhood of Man. It was released in 1970 on Deram. Background Songwriter and producer Tony Hiller formed The Brotherhood of Man in 1969 from a selection of session-singers and songwriters. Originally a five-member group (although they became a quartet soon after), they began recording and writing together with the resultant first single \"Love One Another\" being released late in the year. The single failed to chart anywhere, but early in 1970, the second single \"United We Stand\" became a major hit worldwide. Encouraged by this, the group, with Hiller as producer, began putting together an album. Along with a third single, the hit \"Where are You Going to My Love\", United We Stand was released. Despite the last two singles charting in the UK, the album met with little British success when it was released in August. In the US (released two months earlier), the album reached a peak of #168, spending eight weeks on the Billboard Hot 200. The style of songs on this album was very much of its time, with an overall optimistic slant to the lyrics and sound – later reviewers commenting on its \"hippy vibe\". Many of the tracks from this album were later released on a compilation CD also titled United We Stand in 1998. In February 2008, the album with its original track listing order and cover was released on CD for the first time. Added to this however were 13 bonus tracks, giving it the feel of a compilation. Some of these bonus tracks were actually by the group's female members as the duo Sue and Sunny. Track listing Side one \"Love Is a Good Foundation\" (Ralph Murphy) – 2:48 \"Say a Prayer\" (Peter Simons, Tony Hiller) – 3:11 \"A Little Bit of Heaven\" (Simons, Hiller) – 2:35 \"For the Rest of Our Lives\" (Chris Arnold, David Martin, Geoff Morrow, John Goodison, Hiller) – 3:09 \"Sing in the Sunshine\" (Hiller, Goodison) – 2:07 \"Where Are You Going to My Love\" (Billy Day, Mike Leslie, Goodison, Hiller) – 3:20 Side two \"For Old Times Sake\" (Tony Waddington, Wayne Bickerton) – 3:00 \"Living in the Land of Love\" (Tony Burrows, Goodison, Hiller) – 3:19 \"Too Many Heartaches\" (Simons, Hiller) – 3:22 \"Love One Another\" (Simons, Hiller) – 3:41 \"United We Stand\" (Simons, Hiller) – 2:52 2008 CD re-issue bonus tracks \"This Boy\" \"You Can Depend on Me\" \"Ain't That Tellin' You People\" \"Didn't I Blow Your Mind\" \"Reach out Your Hand\" \"A Better Tomorrow\" \"Freedom\" \"Break Up\" \"You and I\" \"California Sunday Morning\" \"Do Your Thing\" \"I'm Gonna Make You Love Me\" \"High on the Thought of You\" Personnel Tony Burrows – vocals Sue Glover – vocals Sunny Leslie – vocals John Goodison – vocals Roger Greenaway – vocals Tony Hiller – producer Cy Payne – Musical Director Terry Johnson – Engineer Stephen Brown – Assistant engineer H. Ghia – Cover artwork Ira Howard, Tony Blackburn – Original sleeve notes References 1970 debut albums Brotherhood","title":"United We Stand (Brotherhood of Man album)"},{"docid":"9418110","text":"\"Sunshine\" is a song by Australian singer Ricki-Lee Coulter from her self-titled debut album, Ricki-Lee (2005). It was released both physically and digitally on 26 September 2005, as the second single from the album. \"Sunshine\" peaked at number eight on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of 35,000 copies. The music video for the song was directed by Bart Borghesi. Background and release \"Sunshine\" was written by Kara DioGuardi, Lukas Burton, Zukhan Bey, Norman Johnson, Gregory Perry, Ricki-Lee Coulter and Jarrad Rogers. It was co-produced by Rogers and Burton. In an interview with The Age, Coulter said \"Sunshine\" is a \"happy and in love song\" with a motown feel. \"Sunshine\" contains elements of the 1971 song \"Want Ads\" by American R&B girl group Honey Cone. Coulter said the sample gives the song \"that happy 70s feel\". \"Sunshine\" was released as a CD single and digital extended play (EP) on 26 September 2005, as the second single from Coulter's self-titled debut album, Ricki-Lee. \"Sunshine\" debuted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 on 3 October 2005. It peaked at number eight in its fourth week on the chart. \"Sunshine\" was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of 35,000 copies. Music video The music video for \"Sunshine\" was directed by Bart Borghesi and filmed in Melbourne. It features Coulter singing in a house, which is 3D animated, surrounded by animated spotlights. Track listing CD single and digital EP \"Sunshine\" – 3:02 \"Gotta Know\" – 3:27 \"Sunshine\" (instrumental) – 3:02 Credits and personnel Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Ricki-Lee: The Singles. Locations Mixed at Sing Sing Studios Mastered at Crystal Mastering Personnel Songwriting – Kara DioGuardi, Lukas Burton, Zukhan Bey, Norman Johnson, Gregory Perry, Ricki-Lee Coulter, Jarrad Rogers Production – Jarrad Rogers, Lukas Burton Additional vocals – Kushy Mixing – Andy Baldwin Mastering – John Ruberto Charts Weekly chart Year-end charts Certifications Release history References 2005 songs 2005 singles Ricki-Lee Coulter songs Shock Records singles Songs written by Kara DioGuardi Songs written by Jarrad Rogers Songs written by Lukas Burton Songs written by Ricki-Lee Coulter","title":"Sunshine (Ricki-Lee Coulter song)"},{"docid":"2193860","text":"Michael Wayne Watford (July 20, 1959 – January 26, 2024) was an American dance music singer, who was born in Virginia and raised in New Jersey. He was best known for his gospel-influenced vocals on house records throughout the 1990s and 2000s. Biography Watford was born in Suffolk, Virginia, on July 20, 1959, and was raised in Newark, New Jersey. His mother was a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church and a gospel singer, and Watford's early musical experiences came from singing in church. Watford's first single, \"Holdin' On\", was released in 1991. Four of his singles charted on the United States Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in the mid-1990s, including \"So into You\" which hit number one in 1994. The same track peaked at No. 53 on the UK Singles Chart. Watford's career faltered after 1995, when he was dropped by his label, East West Records, amid administrative turnover. He withdrew from his performing career in the years afterward, running karaoke bars in Newark before a stint working at a welfare office, though he harbored interest in returning to music. Watford died from dementia at a hospital in Newark on January 26, 2024, at the age of 64. Discography Albums Michael Watford (1994, East West America/Atlantic) Singles \"Holdin' On\" (1991, Atlantic) \"Luv 4-2\" (1993, EastWest Records America) \"Happy Man\" (1994, EastWest) \"Love to the World\" (1994, EastWest) \"So into You\" (1994, EastWest) - UK No. 53 Love to the World\"/\"Michael's Prayer\" (1994, EastWest) \"Come Together\" - Michael Watford & Robert Owens (1995, Hard Times) - UK No. 94 \"Love Change Over\" (1995, Hard Times) - UK No. 86 \"Say Something\" (1996, Free Bass) \"Sunshine\" - GTS feat. Michael Watford (1996, Artimage Vinyls) \"Return Your Love to Me\" (1996, Music Station) \"Mighty Love\" (1996, Music Station) \"You Got It\" - Deep Bros. feat. Michael Watford (1997, Azuli Records) \"For Your Love\" (1997, Free Bass) \"I'm Coming Home\" - Vice Versa feat. Michael Watford (1997, Azuli) \"Heaven Is Calling You\" (1997, Ulterior Records) \"As\" (1998, Soundmen On Wax) \"For You\" - Jamie Lewis feat. Michael Watford (1999, Purple Music) \"Reach On Up\" (with Tuff Jam) (1999, Locked On) \"Understand Me\" - I-D feat. Michael Watford(1999, Hole) \"Watcha Gonna Do\" - Jon Cutler & Michael Watford (2005, MN2S) \"It's Over\" - Jamie Lewis & Michael Watford (2006, Purple Music) \"One More Time\" - John Made vs Michael Watford (2006, Dream Beat) See also List of number-one dance hits (United States) List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart References External links 1959 births 2024 deaths Singers from Newark, New Jersey 20th-century African-American male singers 20th-century American male singers 20th-century American singers American house musicians Locked On Records artists Deaths from dementia in New Jersey","title":"Michael Watford"},{"docid":"33295518","text":"Steppin' Out is a 1976 album containing the works of Neil Sedaka. In America it was the third and final album of a trilogy of albums issued by The Rocket Record Company. (Rocket would issue a compilation album, Neil Sedaka's Greatest Hits, in 1977; but it contained no new material.) Outside America Steppin' Out was issued on the Polydor label. In 1998, the Varèse Sarabande label reissued Steppin' Out and included four bonus tracks. The title track, a #36 hit in the U.S., featured backing vocals by Sedaka's labelmate, Elton John. Track listing Side One \"Sing Me\" \"You Gotta Make Your Own Sunshine\" \"No. 1 with a Heartache\" \"Steppin' Out\" \"Love in the Shadows\" \"Cardboard California\" Side Two \"Here We Are Falling In Love Again\" \"I Let You Walk Away\" \"Good Times, Good Music, Good Friends\" \"Perfect Strangers\" \"Bad and Beautiful\" \"Summer Nights\" Singles and EPs Many of the songs on this album were released on 45 rpm singles; some were even included on a 33-1/3 rpm EP album in the UK. Those songs that saw such a release are as follows: \"Love in the Shadows\" (No. 16 on US pop charts in 1976) \"Steppin' Out\" (No. 36 on US pop charts in 1976) \"I Let You Walk Away\" (B-side of \"Steppin' Out\") \"No. 1 With A Heartache\" (issued as a 45 rpm single in the UK on Polydor label; not issued on a 45 in the US) \"Good Times, Good Music, Good Friends\" (B-side of \"No. 1 With A Heartache\" in the UK) \"You Gotta Make Your Own Sunshine\" (No. 52 on US pop charts in late 1976-early 1977) \"Perfect Strangers\" (B-side of \"You Gotta Make Your Own Sunshine\") In 1976, Polydor issued an EP in the UK entitled, \"Make Your Own Sunshine\". This EP included \"You Gotta Make Your Own Sunshine\" and \"Summer Nights\" along with \"Tit For Tat\" and \"New York City Blues\", two songs from earlier Neil Sedaka albums. Varese Sarabande re-release In 1998, Varèse Sarabande reissued Steppin' Out and included the following bonus tracks: (13) \"(Baby) Don't Let It Mess Your Mind\" (B-side of \"Love in the Shadows\" in the US) (14) \"Time Waits For No One\" (it is unknown when this song was recorded) (15) \"(Is This the Way to) Amarillo\" (from the Elektra album A Song; No. 44 on US pop charts in 1977) (16) \"Should've Never Let You Go\" (duet with daughter Dara Sedaka; from the Elektra album In the Pocket; No. 19 on US pop charts in 1980) Notes The songs \"Sing Me\" and \"Cardboard California\" were new versions of songs that Sedaka had originally recorded in 1971 for the RCA album Emergence The bonus song \"(Baby) Don't Let It Mess Your Mind\" was a new version of a song that had originally been recorded in 1972 for the RCA album Solitaire \"Sing Me\" was covered by other artists such as Lou Christie and Helen Reddy, while \"Baby, Don't Let It Mess Your Mind\" has been covered by other artists, including","title":"Steppin' Out (Neil Sedaka album)"},{"docid":"44338402","text":"Mr. Johnson, Your Room is on Fire is a 2005 Andreas Johnson studio album. In 2006, the album was rereleased, including the song \"Sing for Me\". Track listing Fools Like Us Show Me XXXX Sunshine of Mine Caravan Life Is How Big Is America Drop in the Ocean Not Afraid Exit New York What If Nobody Told Me (Such a Fool) Still My World Mr. Johnson, Your Room is on Fire, 2 Sing for Me Fools Like Us Show Me XXXX Sunshine of Mine Caravan Life Is How Big Is America Drop in the Ocean Not Afraid Exit New York What If Nobody Told Me (Such a Fool) Still My World Sing for Me (acoustic demo version) Contributors Andreas Johnson - vocals Peter Kvint - producer, guitar, bass, keyboard, melodica, pedal steel, vibraphone, organ, percussion Jerker Odelholm - bass Johan Lindström - guitar, piano, pedal steel Andreas Dahlbäck - drums, percussion Charts References External links 2005 albums Andreas Johnson albums","title":"Mr. Johnson, Your Room is on Fire"},{"docid":"76197705","text":"\"Imperfect for You\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Ariana Grande, taken from her seventh studio album, Eternal Sunshine (2024). It was released alongside the album on March 8, 2024, through Republic Records. The song with written and produced by Grande, Max Martin, and Ilya Salmanzadeh, with Peter Kahm receiving writing credits. An acoustic version was released on March 10, 2024, as part of the \"Slightly Deluxe\" edition of Eternal Sunshine. Music and lyrics \"Imperfect for You\" runs for a total duration of three minutes and two seconds. As the twelfth track on the album, Grande told Zane Lowe in an interview that \"Imperfect for You\" was an ode to friends, family, and loved ones who are \"accepting and real\", and that it was an important song which \"demands room for nuance and humanness.\" The song has been described as alternative rock, as well as a ballad. In an interview with Zach Sang, Grande mentioned how the song was the last to be finished, deeming it one of her own favorites from the album. Grande sings about accepting the imperfections of a relationship, which is described as a love story eventually becoming a \"happy disaster\" by Billboard. Live performance \"Imperfect for You\" was performed live for the first time on March 9, 2024, during an episode of Saturday Night Live with her mother Joan introducing the performance, alongside Eternal Sunshines second single, \"We Can't Be Friends (Wait for Your Love)\". Credits and personnel Recording Mixed at Mixstar Studios (Virginia Beach) Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City) Personnel Ariana Grande – vocals, lyrics, composition, production Max Martin – lyrics, production, composition, guitar, drums, keyboards, bass, programming, background vocals Ilya Salmanzadeh – production, composition, guitar, drums, keyboards, bass, programming, background vocals Peter Kahm – composition Sam Holland – engineering Lou Carrao – engineering Eric Eylands – engineering assistance Rob Sellens – engineering assistance Randy Merrill – mastering Serban Ghenea – mixing Bryce Bordone – mixing assistance Charts References 2024 songs Ariana Grande songs","title":"Imperfect for You"},{"docid":"13783578","text":"The Fun Sessions is the 8th studio album by Dread Zeppelin, and the first made with Imago Records. It is described as “Tortelvis sings the classics”, where “classics” are songs from the late-1960s and early-1970s particularly loved by the band. The album title is a wordplay on Elvis's The Sun Sessions. This album brings the band away from Led Zeppelin covers, like they did with It's Not Unusual, which was criticized by many fans because of its disco style and Tortelvis was not singing on it. At the time of release, Dread Zeppelin had covered most of Led Zeppelin's successful songs; they have now produced more albums than the band they mostly cover. Only two of the original band members, Tortelvis and Butt Boy, are still in the band for this album. Unlike all previous albums, this album was not produced by Jah Paul Jo. Most of the original band members do make \"special guest appearance\" (Carl Jah on guitar, Rasta-mon and Ed Zeppelin on vocal). Track listing \"Baba O'Riley\" (Townshend) - 4:04 \"Sunshine of Your Love\" (Brown, Bruce, Clapton) - 5:41 \"Born on the Bayou\" (Fogerty) - 4:20 \"Light My Fire\" (The Doors) - 4:28 \"Smoke on the Water\" (Blackmore, Gillan, Glover, Paice, Lord) - 5:17 \"Freebird\" (Collins, VanZant, Dutchess) - 6:09 \"Feel Like Making Love\" (Paul Rodgers, Mick Ralphs) - 4:19 \"BBWAGS\" (Putman, Tortell, Johnson, Burke, Boerin) - 3:58 \"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes\" (Stephen Stills) - 7:06 \"Golden Slumbers, Carry That Weight, The End\" (Lennon, McCartney) - 5:31 Band members Tortelvis: lead vocal Butt Boy: six-string and pedal pusher Fuzzy Buzzman: bass Spice: drums Fernandez: percussion and vocals Notes Dread Zeppelin albums 1996 albums","title":"The Fun Sessions"},{"docid":"39851083","text":"\"Alice Everyday\" is the eighth single released by the American synth-pop band Book of Love. The song was released prior to the band's third album, 1991's Candy Carol, as the first single. \"Alice Everyday\" was released to radio in the fall of 1990 and features sing-song lyrics and a refrain consisting of a laundry list of girls' names. In the dance clubs, the song was a moderate hit, and made it to no. 21 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, spending nine weeks on the chart. The track was remixed for the 12\" single and CD single into three different remixes by Ben Grosse, and was released in stores on Jan. 18, 1991. All three remixes were also edited down into single mixes and released on the promo CD. \"Alice Everyday\" (Sam The Butcher Mix) contains samples from The Brady Bunch TV series, a drumbeat sample from Nitzer Ebb's \"Let Your Body Learn\", and other industrial music samples. Also appearing on the single are the album version of title track \"Candy Carol\" and a 1990 remix by Ben Grosse of \"With A Little Love\", a song originally on the band's previous album, 1988's Lullaby. A promotional video was shot and released for \"Alice Everyday\" by director Rocky Schenck. There are two versions of the video; one that uses the album version of \"Alice Everyday\" and the other, the 'Everyday-Glo Mix' version of the song. The video emulates the Candy Carol album cover, with the band dancing and performing inside of snow globes and wearing outfits similar to the album cover. Track listings 1990 12\" Maxi-Single (Sire Records 9 21767-0) Side A: \"Alice Everyday\" (Everyday-Glo Mix) - 6:45 \"Alice Everyday\" (Sunshine Day Mix) - 7:33 \"With A Little Love\" (1990 Version) - 3:17 Side B: \"Alice Everyday\" (Sam The Butcher Mix) - 7:16 \"Candy Carol\" (Album Version) - 3:11 1990 CD Maxi-Single (Sire Records 9 21767-2) \"Alice Everyday\" (Album Version) - 3:40 \"Alice Everyday\" (Everyday-Glo Mix) - 6:45 \"With A Little Love\" (1990 Version) - 3:17 \"Alice Everyday\" (Sam The Butcher Mix) - 7:16 \"Alice Everyday\" (Sunshine Day Mix) - 7:33 \"Candy Carol\" (Album Version) - 3:11 1990 Promo CD Single (Sire Records PRO-CD-4479) \"Alice Everyday\" (Album Version) - 3:41 \"Alice Everyday\" (Everyday-Glo Single Mix) - 4:06 \"Alice Everyday\" (Sam The Butcher Single Mix) - 3:59 \"Alice Everyday\" (Sunshine Day Single Mix) - 4:04 Personnel \"Alice Everyday\" and \"Candy Carol\" written by Theodore Ottaviano. All instruments arranged, programmed, and performed by Book of Love. Susan Ottaviano - Lead vocals Ted Ottaviano - Keyboards, backing vocals Lauren Roselli - Keyboards, backing vocals Jade Lee - Keyboards, backing vocals Credits Produced by Ted Ottaviano and Ben Grosse. Remix and Postproduction on 'Everyday-Glo Mix', 'Sam The Butcher Mix', 'Sunshine Day Mix' and single remix versions by Ben Grosse. Programming on 'Everyday-Glo Mix', 'Sam The Butcher Mix', 'Sunshine Day Mix' and single remix versions by Ben Grosse, John Vitale, David Klinger, Mark Bass. Assistant Engineers on 'Everyday-Glo Mix', 'Sam The Butcher Mix', 'Sunshine Day","title":"Alice Everyday"},{"docid":"32469801","text":"Up the Junction is the first soundtrack and fourth studio album by Manfred Mann, consisting of songs written by Mann and Mike Hugg for the 1968 film of the same name. The album was released on 16 March 1968 on Fontana Records (TL/STL 546023/2/68). Track listing Side one \"Up the Junction\" vocal (Mike Hugg, Manfred Mann) – 4:38 \"Sing Songs of Love\" (Mick Gill, Hugg, Mann) – 2:01 \"Walking Round\" (Hugg) – 2:17 \"Up the Junction\" instrumental (Hugg) – 1:12 \"Love Theme\" instrumental (Hugg, Mann) – 2:15 \"Up the Junction\" vocal and instrumental (Hugg) – 1:48 Side two \"Just for Me\" (Hugg) – 2:26 \"Love Theme\" instrumental (Hugg, Mann) – 2:03 \"Sheila's Dance\" (Hugg, Mann) – 2:04 \"Belgravia\" (Hugg, Mann) – 2:46 \"Wailing Horn\" (Hugg, Mann) – 2:24 \"I Need Your Love\" (Hugg) – 1:41 \"Up the Junction\" vocal (Hugg) – 2:15 2004 CD bonus tracks \"Eastern Street\" (Peter Cowap) - 2:28 \"Mohair Sam\" (Dallas Frazier) - 3:16 \"Love Bird\" - 3:03 \"Brown and Porters (Meat Exporters)\" (Geoff Stephens, John Carter) - 2:31 \"I Love You\" - 2:48 \"I Think It's Going to Rain Today\" (Randy Newman) - 3:30 \"Budgie\" (Mike d'Abo) - 2:38 \"Sitting Alone in the Sunshine\" - 2:24 \"Please Mrs. Henry\" (Bob Dylan) - 3:09 All tracks previously released on the 1997 compilation Ascent of Mann. References Manfred Mann albums Drama film soundtracks 1968 soundtrack albums Albums produced by Shel Talmy Fontana Records soundtracks Single-artist film soundtracks","title":"Up the Junction (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"216073","text":"KC and the Sunshine Band is an American disco and funk band that was founded in 1973 in Hialeah, Florida. Their best-known songs include the hits \"Get Down Tonight\", \"That's the Way (I Like It)\", \"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\", \"I'm Your Boogie Man\", \"Keep It Comin' Love\", \"Boogie Shoes\", \"Please Don't Go\", and \"Give It Up\". The band took its name from lead vocalist Harry Wayne Casey's last name ('KC') and the 'Sunshine Band' from KC's home state of Florida, the Sunshine State. The group had five number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the 1970s. History 1970s The band was formed in 1973 by Harry Wayne Casey (KC) and Richard Finch. Casey was a record store employee and part-timer at TK Records in Hialeah, Florida The band was originally called KC & The Sunshine Junkanoo Band because KC used studio musicians from TK and a local Junkanoo band called the Miami Junkanoo Band. Meantime, bassist Richard Finch had been engineering records for TK, which is how the Casey-Finch musical collaboration began. They were soon joined by guitarist Jerome Smith and drummer Robert Johnson, both TK studio musicians. The first few songs, \"Blow Your Whistle\" (September 1973) and \"Sound Your Funky Horn\" (February 1974), were released as singles, and did well enough on the U.S. R&B chart and overseas that TK wanted a follow-up single and album. In the meantime, while working on demos for KC & the Sunshine Band, the song \"Rock Your Baby\" (George McCrae) was created. Written by Casey and Finch, it featured Smith on guitar and became a number one hit in 51 countries in mid-1974. The band's \"Queen of Clubs\", which featured uncredited vocals by McCrae, was a hit in the UK, peaking at number 7, and they went on a tour there in 1975. KC and other band members were frequent guests on WHYI-FM, branded as Y-100, one of southeast Florida's more powerful FM pop stations, that covered Dade and Broward Counties and beyond. This gave the band significant hometown exposure, during the rise of the disco genre in one of the music's epicenters. With the release of the self-titled second album KC and the Sunshine Band in 1975 came the group's first major U.S. hit with \"Get Down Tonight\". It topped the R&B chart in April and hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in August. \"That's the Way (I Like It)\" also became a number one hit in November 1975 and the group received four nominations and one win at the 1976 Grammy Awards. The 1976 album Part 3 yielded two number one singles: \"I'm Your Boogie Man\" and \"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\". Another hit, \"Keep It Comin' Love\"(1977), peaked at number two. Their success lasted until the fifth album from 1979; their last chart topping hit was \"Please Don't Go\", hitting number one for one week in January 1980, and becoming the first number one hit of the 1980s. With the explosion of","title":"KC and the Sunshine Band"},{"docid":"24633954","text":"Acoustic – Friends & Total Strangers is both a live acoustic album and a music DVD by Canadian rock band The Trews. The CD is the fifth commercial album and second live album by the band. The DVD is the first from the band. Both were released October 6, 2009 on Bumstead Records. It was recorded January 30–31, 2009 at the Glenn Gould Studio in Toronto. CD track listing \"Poor Ol' Broken Hearted Me\" – 4:14 (originally from Den of Thieves) \"Den of Thieves\" – 3:57 (Den of Thieves) \"The Traveling Kind\" – 3:14 (Den of Thieves) \"When You Leave\" – 4:14 (House of Ill Fame) \"I Can't Stop Laughing\" – 3:57 (No Time for Later) \"Locked Doors\" – 3:59 (Never released on an album) \"Fleeting Trust\" – 3:21 (House of Ill Fame) \"Gun Control\" – 4:03 (No Time for Later) \"Tired of Waiting\" – 4:18 (House of Ill Fame) \"The Love You Save\" – 3:59 (cover of the 1966 Joe Tex song \"The Love You Save (May Be Your Own)\") \"Sing Your Heart Out\" – 5:24 (Never released on an album) \"Man of Two Minds\" – 4:36 (No Time for Later) \"Ishmael and Maggie\" – 4:40 (Den of Thieves) \"So She's Leaving\" – 3:31 (Den of Thieves) \"Hold Me in Your Arms\" – 3:35 (No Time for Later) DVD track listing A DVD was also released by the band, which was recorded concurrently with the CD. \"Poor Ol' Broken Hearted Me\" \"Paranoid Freak\" \"Den of Thieves\" \"Yearning\" \"The Travelling Kind\" \"When You Leave\" \"I Can't Stop Laughing\" \"Locked Doors\" \"Hollis & Morris\" \"Fleeting Trust\" \"Gun Control\" \"Montebello Park\" \"Tired of Waiting\" \"The Love You Save\" \"Sing Your Heart Out\" \"Man Of Two Minds\" \"Ishmael & Maggie\" \"So She’s Leaving\" \"Hold Me In Your Arms\" \"You’re So Sober\" \"The Pearl\" \"How’s Everything?\" \"Served My Time\" Deluxe Edition track listing On November 27, 2015, a deluxe edition was announced with a re-release of the songs from the original album, but including four new songs that were not included on the original album or the DVD. \"Poor Ol' Broken Hearted Me\" \"Den Of Thieves\" \"The Travelling Kind\" \"When You Leave\" \"I Can't Stop Laughing\" \"Locked Doors\" \"Fleeting Trust\" \"Gun Control\" \"Tired Of Waiting\" \"The Love You Save\" \"Sing Your Heart Out\" \"Man Of Two Minds\" \"Ishmael & Maggie\" \"So She’s Leaving\" \"Hold Me In Your Arms\" \"Every Inambition\" \"Makin' Sunshine\" \"No Time For Later\" \"Not Ready To Go\" Personnel Colin MacDonald – lead vocals, guitar, harmonica John-Angus MacDonald – lead guitar, vocals, bouzouki Jack Syperek – bass, vocals Sean Dalton – percussion, vocals Jeff Heisholt – accordion References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20110717035955/http://www.thetrewsmusic.com/%E2%80%93 The Official Website of The Trews The Trews albums 2009 live albums","title":"Acoustic – Friends & Total Strangers"},{"docid":"25235095","text":"20 Golden Greats is a 1977 compilation album by Diana Ross & the Supremes, released on the Motown label in the United Kingdom. The release spent seven weeks at number one on the UK Albums Chart, selling over 1,000,000 copies. Despite the album's title and that Ross & the Supremes had scored 21 UK chart hit singles, the compilation included two tracks that had never been hit singles in the UK: \"My World Is Empty Without You\" and \"Love Is Like an Itching in My Heart\", which were top 10 hits on the US Hot 100. All the other 18 tracks had made the UK singles chart. The three other hits scored by the group in partnership with The Temptations, were all excluded. Motown expanded the track list to include hits from The Supremes after Ross left the trio in 1970, also including her solo work up to 1981, for the 1998 40 Golden Motown Greats CD. The same album artwork was used and this collection earned a gold disc for sales exceeding 100,000 copies. Track listing Side one \"Where Did Our Love Go\" from Where Did Our Love Go \"Baby Love\" from Where Did Our Love Go \"Come See About Me\" from Where Did Our Love Go \"Stop! In the Name of Love\" from More Hits by The Supremes \"Back in My Arms Again\" from More Hits by The Supremes \"I Hear a Symphony\" from I Hear a Symphony \"My World Is Empty Without You\" from I Hear a Symphony \"Love Is Like an Itching in My Heart\" from The Supremes A' Go-Go \"You Can't Hurry Love\" from The Supremes A' Go-Go \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\" from The Supremes Sing Holland-Dozier-Holland Side two \"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone\" from The Supremes Sing Holland-Dozier-Holland \"The Happening\" from Greatest Hits \"Reflections\" from Reflections \"In and Out of Love\" from Reflections \"Forever Came Today\" from Reflections \"Some Things You Never Get Used To\" from Love Child \"Love Child\" from Love Child \"I'm Livin' in Shame\" from Let the Sunshine In \"No Matter What Sign You Are\" from Let the Sunshine In \"Someday We'll Be Together\" from Cream of the Crop Personnel Diana Ross: lead vocals Mary Wilson: background vocals from \"Where Did Our Love Go\" through \"In and Out of Love\" Florence Ballard: background vocals from \"Where Did Our Love Go\" through \"In and Out of Love\" The Andantes (Jackie Hicks, Marlene Barrow and Louvain Demps): background vocals on \"In and Out of Love\" (shared with The Supremes), \"Forever Came Today\", \"Love Child\" and \"I'm Livin' in Shame\" Maxine Waters and Julia Waters: background vocals on \"Someday We'll Be Together\" Johnny Bristol: male vocal and background vocals on \"Someday We'll Be Together\" Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson: background vocals on \"Some Things You Never Get Used To\" The Blackberries (Venetta Fields, Clydie King and Sherlie Matthews): background vocals on \"No Matter What Sign You Are\" Credits Nick Ashford—Composer Jackey Beavers—Composer Johnny Bristol—Composer Henry Cosby—Composer Frank DeVol—Composer Lamont Dozier—Composer Harvey","title":"Diana Ross & the Supremes: 20 Golden Greats"},{"docid":"2073711","text":"Timothy James Rice-Oxley (born 2 June 1976) is an English musician, best known for being the keyboardist, backing vocalist and songwriter of the alternative rock band Keane. In 2010, he formed a side-project, Mt. Desolation, with his Keane bandmate Jesse Quin. Life and career Timothy James Rice-Oxley was born in Oxford to Charles Patrick and Margaret Rice-Oxley. He has a younger brother, Tom, born in 1979. He had piano lessons when he was a teenager but admitted to hating them and never practising pieces because they were all classical music, which he found boring. After his parents stopped his lessons, Rice-Oxley developed a liking for piano and so taught himself how to play, mainly because of the Beatles. Keane Rice-Oxley provides live and studio backing vocals for Keane, except for the studio songs \"Sunshine\", \"This Is the Last Time\" (demo version) and \"Your Love\" where he sings the lead vocals, as well as some Under the Iron Sea DVD and Perfect Symmetry demos. Compositions In 2006, Rice-Oxley co-wrote the songs \"Early Winter\", and \"The Girl Inside\" (unreleased) on Gwen Stefani's second solo album, The Sweet Escape. \"Early Winter\" has been performed by Keane live. The song \"Perfect Symmetry\" from the album of the same name is considered by Chaplin to be one of the best Rice-Oxley has written. In 2009, he co-wrote the song \"Everything Is Beautiful\" for Kylie Minogue's eleventh studio album, Aphrodite. Rice-Oxley composed all the songs for the side-project Mt. Desolation with Jesse Quin in 2010. That same year Rice-Oxley provided the main vocal in Keane for the first time on the song \"Your Love\", which appeared on the experimental EP Night Train. He sang the song live. In 2013, he co-wrote the song \"Jump\" with Gary Barlow for the latter's solo album, Since I Saw You Last. In 2016 he co-wrote the song \"Magnificent Time\" by Travis. Mt. Desolation Mt. Desolation is an alt-country side-project that Rice-Oxley formed with bassist Jesse Quin. The band also consists of members of Mumford & Sons, The Killers and The Staves. Mt. Desolation released their self-titled debut album on 18 October 2010. The band toured the UK and Ireland in September 2010 and the US and Canada in October 2010. The band's second album, When the Night Calls, was released on 25 May 2018. It was followed by a short tour of the UK in June 2018. Personal life Rice-Oxley lives in Polegate, East Sussex. He has two daughters, Lilac and Anna. Reportedly, the effects of touring took their toll on Rice-Oxley's marriage to Jayne, and they split up in 2012 after seven years of marriage. Awards Rice-Oxley won an Ivor Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year in May 2005. Discography With Keane Studio albums Hopes and Fears (2004) Under the Iron Sea (2006) Perfect Symmetry (2008) Strangeland (2012) Cause and Effect (2019) EPs Retrospective EP1 (2008) Night Train (2010) Retrospective EP2 (2010) Retroactive – EP1 (2019) Compilations album The Best of Keane (2013) With Mt. Desolation Studio albums","title":"Tim Rice-Oxley"},{"docid":"1680716","text":"\"Medley: Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)\" (commonly called \"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In\", \"The Age of Aquarius\" or \"Let the Sunshine In\") is a medley of two songs written for the 1967 musical Hair by James Rado and Gerome Ragni (lyrics), and Galt MacDermot (music), released as a single by American R&B group the 5th Dimension. The song spent six weeks at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart in the spring of 1969 and was eventually certified platinum in the US by the RIAA. Instrumental backing was written by Bill Holman and provided by session musicians commonly known as the Wrecking Crew. The actual recording was novel at the time, being recorded in two cities, Los Angeles and Las Vegas, and being mixed down to a final version later. The song is listed at number 66 on Billboards \"Greatest Songs of All Time\". History The recording was led by veteran American producer and engineer Bones Howe, who had previously worked with the 5th Dimension as well as the Mamas & the Papas and Elvis Presley. As Howe tells it, the recording can be traced to an incident in which 5th Dimension lead singer Billy Davis Jr. left his wallet in a New York City cab; the man who found the wallet was involved in the production of Hair and invited the group to see the show: \"After they'd seen it I received a phone call in which they were all talking over one another, saying 'We've got to cut this song \"Aquarius\". It's the best thing ever.'\" Howe was skeptical (\"This isn't a complete song. It's an introduction.\"), but after seeing the show on stage got the idea to create a medley with another musical moment from the show, a few bars from the song \"The Flesh Failures\" that consist of the repeated words \"let the sunshine in.\" Although the two song fragments are in different keys and tempos, Howe resolved to \"jam them together like two trains.\" The instrumental track was set to tape at Wally Heider's Studio 3 in Hollywood by the Wrecking Crew members including Hal Blaine on drums, Joe Osborn on bass, Larry Knechtel on keyboards, Tommy Tedesco and Dennis Budimir on guitars and Tony Terran on trumpet. It also featured strings, winds, and brass instrumentations. However, the vocals were recorded separately in Las Vegas, where the 5th Dimension was performing at the time, using only two microphones for the five singers. Davis' solo during \"Let the Sunshine In\" was improvised during the session; songwriter Jimmy Webb, who happened into the studio during the recording, remarked to Howe, \"My God, that's a number one record.\" Among the counterpoint phrases sung by Davis are: \"Oh, let it shine\", \"Open up your heart\", \"You got to feel it\" and \"I want you to sing along with the 5th Dimension\". This song was one of the most popular songs of 1969 worldwide, and in the United States it reached the number one position","title":"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In"},{"docid":"6455193","text":"Floy Joy is the twenty-fifth studio album released by The Supremes on the Motown label. This was the only Supremes album solely produced and arranged by Smokey Robinson and included the U.S. top 20 hit, \"Floy Joy\" and the U.S. top 40 hit, \"Automatically Sunshine\", both of which were top 10 hits in the U.K. Overview Following the aborted album Promises Kept, Motown handed-over production duties for the Supremes to in-house songwriter, producer, artist, and company vice-president William \"Smokey\" Robinson. At this time the group included original Supreme Mary Wilson, Cindy Birdsong, and Jean Terrell. Appearing on the album cover alongside Terrell and Wilson was new member Lynda Laurence, brought in to replace Cindy Birdsong, who was noticeably pregnant at the time of the photo shoot. Despite appearing on the album cover, Laurence's vocals are not on the album. Floy Joy marks for the first time that Mary Wilson had several leads on an album. Wilson takes solo lead on the ballad \"A Heart Like Mine.\" Wilson and Terrell trade-off lead vocals on \"Floy Joy\" and \"Automatically Sunshine\", whilst Terrell has sole lead on the album's third single, \"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love\". Cindy Birdsong provides a rare co-lead vocal on \"Now the Bitter, Now the Sweet\" and a spoken passage in \"The Wisdom of Time\". The \"Floy Joy\" single was the Supremes' final Top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching as high as #9 in the UK. Its follow-ups, \"Automatically Sunshine\" and \"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love\" were not as successful, with \"Automatically Sunshine\" peaking at 37 on the Billboard Hot 100, 21 on the Top Soul Singles and being the group's final Top 10 hit in the U.K. (#10, the fifth in little over two years for the post-Ross line-up), and \"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love\" peaking at 59 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 21 on the Top Soul Singles, and missing the UK Charts altogether. Mary Wilson praised Robinson in her second auto-biography \"Supreme Faith\" for finding a good vocal blend between she, Terrell and Birdsong. However, on the back cover of the album, Robinson listed Motown's in-house backing vocalists The Andantes for contributing to the set. In fact, the Andantes are audible in the background vocals partially or in full on all but one track, Precious Little Things, which only features Wilson and Birdsong behind Terrell. Track listing Side one Superscripts denote lead singers for each track: (a) Jean Terrell, (b) Mary Wilson, (c) Cindy Birdsong. \"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love\" (Smokey Robinson)a \"Floy Joy\" (Robinson)a, b \"A Heart Like Mine\" (Robinson, Ronald White)b \"Over and Over\" (Robinson)a \"Precious Little Things\" (Robinson, Marvin Tarplin, Pam Moffett)a Side two \"Now the Bitter, Now the Sweet\" (Robinson, Cecil Franklin)a,b,c \"Automatically Sunshine\" (Robinson)a, b \"The Wisdom of Time\" (Robinson, Moffett, Clifford Burston)a, c \"Oh Be My Love\" (Robinson, Warren Moore)a Personnel Jean Terrell, Mary Wilson, & Cindy Birdsong - lead vocals and background vocals The Andantes (Louvain Demps, Jackie Hicks, Marlene Barrow) - additional background vocals","title":"Floy Joy (album)"},{"docid":"46838715","text":"The Sunshine of Your Youth is the debut album by American indie pop band Cheerleader, released in 2015 by Bright Antenna Records. The album release was supported by a nationwide tour with UK act The Wombats. Critical reception Spin wrote that the album \"showcases a series of fizzy, blurry-eyed tracks: 'A Million Ways' combines dream-rock guitar riffs with sugary-sweet melodies, while the whimsically synthy 'Dreamer' glides into shoegaze territory with frontman Joe Haller’s lo-fi vocals at the forefront.\" The Saratogian wrote that \"the band stays true to their sunny, optimistic name throughout, delivering a record full of hope, wonder, and undeniable warmth.\" Track listing New Daze - 3:31 The Sunshine of Your Youth - 3:28 On Your Side - 4:06 Do What You Want - 3:55 Perfect Vision - 4:12 Haunted Love - 3:50 A Million Ways - 4:04 Dreamer - 3:12 The Quiet Life - 3:48 Little Bird - 3:23 Personnel Produced and mixed by Mark Needham Assistant Engineer: Will Brierre Mastered by Emily Lazar at The Lodge in NYC, assisted by Rich Morales Additional vocals on \"On Your Side,\" \"Perfect Vision,\" and \"Dreamer\" courtesy of Christa Tubach Art Direction & Design: Ryan Penn Band Photo: Carrie Davenport References External links Official Site Band's Official Facebook Band's Official Twitter 2015 debut albums Albums recorded at EastWest Studios","title":"The Sunshine of Your Youth"},{"docid":"70397401","text":"\"Sunshine\" is a song by American rapper Latto from her second studio album 777 (2022). It features American rappers Lil Wayne and Childish Gambino. Produced by Ant Clemons, BongoByTheWay, Luke Crowder, and Mike Dean, the song was sent to US rhythmic contemporary radio on April 26, 2022, as the album's fourth single. Background Latto told Apple Music about how the collaboration came about: I still can't even believe that I got them both on the song. I had originally recorded it as a solo song, but I felt like it was bigger than me. I wanted a feature on it. So, I'm thinking out loud. I'm thinking of very \"artistic\" artists. I want somebody who has a universal sound and someone who can go more in-depth and play on the word \"sunshine\". Who is the clever rapper? I'm thinking of these names and I'm shooting for the stars. And to my surprise, both of them did the song request, which is like huge, huge, huge. I'm still a new artist. I'm from Atlanta, so Childish is extra special, and I just grew up on Wayne. In an interview with Complex, Latto said that they did not record in the studio together; instead, her team sent the song to her collaborators. She added, \"I was pretty much just shooting for the stars, like, 'I hope they can do it. If not, no pressure. I understand.' But they both actually sent verses back, so that was super cool. A Childish Gambino verse is rare as hell anyway, so that was super dope within itself. And then Wayne is just a GOAT, so that's super dope, too. To be stamped by them at this early stage in my career, it meant a lot.\" Composition Latto has described the song's musical style as \"hood gospel\"; in that same interview with Complex, she stated, It's very artistic. It's a fresh sound, fresh topic. It feels good. I personally think this sound on \"Sunshine\" could be a movie soundtrack, or on a TV show. It just feels so good. I could see it being background music for so many different scenes, and I think it's very commercial. Your grandma can listen to it or your ratchet cousin that stays in the hood. The production of the song contains brass and backing choir vocals. Lyrically, \"Sunshine\" focuses on the artists' successes as they challenge their enemies. In the chorus, Latto half-sings and half-raps about people who were disloyal to her during her come-up: \"Pray for my enemies, Lord, I need clarity / They ain't got empathy for me, they stare at me / They used my couch when they needed the therapy / Took what they needed but never took care of me / They saw a dollar sign, treat me like currency / Kill all they hopes and dreams if they want murder me / Sunshine on me\". She continues her verse with a melodic delivery and criticism to her haters, in addition to a triple","title":"Sunshine (Latto song)"},{"docid":"31363973","text":"The Supremes ('70s): Greatest Hits and Rare Classics is a 1991 compilation album by The Supremes, released on the Motown label. The compilation features a majority of the group's 1970's hits, as well as one solo song by Jean Terrell \"I Had To Fall In Love\", which was released in 1978 on A&M Records, and two solo tracks by Scherrie Payne, \"When I Looked At Your Face\" and \"Another Life From Now\". Three tracks \"Everybody's Got the Right to Love\" \"Floy Joy\" and \"Automatically Sunshine\" also appear in alternate versions. This release did not include the single \"Your Wonderful Sweet, Sweet Love\" or any of the duet singles the Supremes recorded with The Four Tops. A cassette version was also released with a different track listing and only 19 tracks. Track listing \"Up the Ladder to the Roof\" – 3:15 taken from the album 'Right On' \"Nathan Jones\" – 3:02 taken from the album 'Touch' \"I Guess I'll Miss the Man\" – 2:37 taken from the album 'The Supremes Produced and Arranged by Jimmy Webb' \"Stoned Love\" – 2:57 taken from the album 'New Ways But Love Stays' \"Everybody's Got the Right to Love\" – 2:40 taken from the album 'Right On' \"Floy Joy\" – 2:46 alternate version \"Bad Weather\" – 3:16 non-album single \"Automatically Sunshine\" – 3:04 alternate version \"Paradise\" – 4:20 taken from the album 'Produced And Arranged by Jimmy Webb' \"Tossin' and Turnin'\" – 3:00 taken from the album 'Produced And Arranged by Jimmy Webb' \"Il Voce de Silenzio (Silent Voices)\" – 3:40 taken from the album 'Produced And Arranged by Jimmy Webb' \"Love Train\" – 3:21 non-album track. \"I Had to Fall in Love\" (Jean Terrell solo) – 3:24 \"He's My Man\" – 3:02 taken from the album 'The Supremes' \"Color My World Blue\" – 2:34 taken from the album 'The Supremes' \"You Turn Me Around\" – 2:34 taken from the album 'The Supremes' \"The Sha-La Bandit\" – 3:17 non-album track. \"This Is Why I Believe in You\" – 3:10 taken from the album 'The Supremes' \"I'm Gonna Let My Heart Do the Walking\" – 3:10 taken from the album 'High Energy' \"You're My Driving Wheel\" – 3:24 taken from the album 'Mary, Scherrie & Susaye' \"When I Looked at Your Face\" (Scherrie Payne solo) – 4:12 \"Another Life from Now\" (Scherrie Payne solo) – 5:46 taken from the album 'Partners' Cassette Tape listing Side 1: \"Up the Ladder to the Roof\" \"Everybody's Got the Right to Love\" \"Stoned Love\" \"Nathan Jones\" \"Touch\" \"Floy Joy\" \"Automatically Sunshine\" \"I Guess I'll Miss the Man\" \"Bad Weather\" \"I Had to Fall in Love\" Side 2: \"It's All Been Said Before\" \"He's My Man\" \"Where Do I Go From Here\" \"I'm Gonna Let My Heart Do the Walking\" \"High Energy\" \"You're My Driving Wheel\" \"Let Yourself Go\" \"Fly\" \"When I Looked At Your Face\" Personnel Mary Wilson: vocals Cindy Birdsong: vocals Jean Terrell: vocals Scherrie Payne: vocals Lynda Laurence: vocals Susaye Greene: vocals References 1991 compilation albums The Supremes","title":"The Supremes ('70s): Greatest Hits and Rare Classics"},{"docid":"12844628","text":"\"Old Devil Moon\" is a popular song composed by Burton Lane with lyrics by Yip Harburg for the 1947 musical Finian's Rainbow. It was introduced by Ella Logan and Donald Richards in the Broadway show. The song takes its title from a phrase in \"Fun to Be Fooled\", a song that Harburg wrote with Harold Arlen and Ira Gershwin for the 1934 musical Life Begins at 8:40. In the 1968 film version, the song was performed by Don Francks and Petula Clark. Notable recordings Margaret Whiting - her single release reached the No. 11 spot in the Billboard charts in 1947. Ella Fitzgerald recorded it live in 1969 on her Sunshine of Your Love album. Gene Krupa and His Orchestra (vocal by Carolyn Grey) - this also reached the Billboard charts briefly in 1947 in the No. 21 position. Charlie Spivak feat. Margaret Manning - (1946) Miles Davis – Blue Haze (1954) Sarah Vaughan - a single release (1954). Mickey Baker (1955) Jack Pleis, His Piano, Orchestra and Chorus – Broadway Goes Hollywood (1955) Bob Dorough - Devil May Care (1956) Frank Sinatra - Songs for Swingin' Lovers (1956) Jay Jay Johnson - Jay (1956) Andrew Hill Trio – So in Love (1956) Morton Gould & His Orchestra - Blues in the Night (1957) Sonny Rollins - A Night at the Village Vanguard (1957) Anita O'Day - Anita Sings the Most (1957) Jimmy Smith - Plays Pretty Just for You (1957) Chet Baker - (Chet Baker Sings) It Could Happen to You (1958) Totlyn Jackson [with Lance Hayward] - Lance Hayward at the Half Moon (1958), Jamaica Jazz 1931-1962 Lurlean Hunter - Stepping Out (1958) Peggy Lee - Jump for Joy (1958) Judy Garland - That's Entertainment (1960) Mel Torme - Mel Tormé Swings Shubert Alley (1960) McCoy Tyner Trio - Reaching Fourth (1962) Ahmad Jamal - Poinciana (1963) Nancy Sinatra - As vinyl 7\" single / Reprise Records 0789 (1969). Also on her Nancy CD re-issue by Sundazed Records (1996) SC 6058 Milt Jackson with Hubert Laws - Goodbye (1974) George Benson & Joe Farrell - Benson & Farrell (1976) Peter Magadini - Bones Blues featuring Don Menza, Wray Downs (1977) Carmen McRae - The Carmen McRae-Betty Carter Duets (1987) Carmen Lundy – Old Devil Moon (1997) David Campbell - Taking the Wheel (1997) Rosemary Clooney - At Long Last (with the Count Basie Orchestra) (1998) Bobby Caldwell - Come Rain Or Come Shine (1999) Stan Kenton - At the Rendezvous, Vol 2 (2000) (vocal by Ann Richards) Jamie Cullum – Twentysomething (2003) Cheyenne Jackson - The Power of Two (2009) (who also starred as Woody in the 2009 revival of Finian's Rainbow) Josh Groban - Stages (2015) References External links SoundCloud performance by the late Piero Cusato 1947 songs Carmen McRae songs Frank Sinatra songs Lena Horne songs Songs from musicals Songs with lyrics by Yip Harburg Songs with music by Burton Lane","title":"Old Devil Moon"},{"docid":"39237477","text":"\"The Sunshine of Your Smile\" is a British popular song published in London in 1913 just before the First World War by Francis, Day and Hunter. The lyrics were by Leonard Cooke and the music by Lilian Ray. It became a top ten hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1980, sung by Mike Berry. Lyrics The following lyrics are taken from the sheet music published in 1913: Verse 1: Dear face that holds so sweet a smile for me, Were you not mine, how dark the world would be! I know no light above that could replace Love's radiant sunshine in your dear, dear face. Refrain: Give me your smile, the love-light in your eyes, Life could not hold a fairer Paradise! Give me the right to love you all the while, My world for ever, the sunshine of your smile! Verse 2: Shadows may fall upon the land and sea, Sunshine from all the world may hidden be; But I shall see no cloud across the sun; Your smile shall light my life, till life is done! Refrain: Give me your smile, the love-light in your eyes, Life could not hold a fairer Paradise! Give me the right to love you all the while, My world for ever, the sunshine of your smile! Recordings Below is a list of artists who have recorded the song and the recording date and record information (where known): Olga, Elga and Eli Hudson, 1914 Fred Douglas, 1914 Ernest Pike, 1914 Jessie Broughton, c. 1915 William Thomas, c. 1915, Regal G6745 Gertie Dickeson, 1915 Lambert Murphy, 1916, Victor 55069 John McCormack, 1916, Victor 64622 Norah Johnson, 1916 Riccardo Stracciari, 1919, Columbia 49590 Tamaki Miura, 1922, Nipponophone 15065 Charles Hackett, 1927, Columbia 4042 Tito Schipa, 1930, Victor 1451 (Sung in Spanish) Jussi Björling, 1931, Swedish HMV X3724 (Sung in Swedish) Django Reinhardt & Le Quintette du Hot Club De France, April 1935 Lilian Davies, 1930 Frank Sinatra, 1941, Victor 27638 Vera Lynn, from the film Rhythm Serenade, 1943 James Melton, 1950 Mike Berry, 1980 References 1913 songs 1980 singles Songs of World War I British songs Mike Berry (singer) songs","title":"The Sunshine of Your Smile"},{"docid":"47672177","text":"The Journeyman World Tour was a -year concert tour by English musician Eric Clapton that began on July 6, 1989, in The Hague and concluded on March 9, 1991, in London. The tour was Clapton's first tour following the release of his 1989 studio album Journeyman. The guitarist played a total of 165 shows throughout Europe, North America, Asia, South America and Africa. Setlist This set list is representative of the tour's average setlist as conducted by Setlist.fm, which represents all concerts for the duration of the tour. \"Pretending\" \"Running on Faith\" \"No Alibis\" \"I Shot the Sheriff\" \"White Room\" \"Can't Find My Way Home\" \"Bad Love\" \"Before You Accuse Me\" \"Old Love\" \"Badge\" \"Wonderful Tonight\" \"Cocaine\" \"Layla\" \"Cross Road Blues\" \"Sunshine of Your Love\" Personnel Eric Clapton–guitar, lead vocals Alan Clark–keyboards (U.S. and Europe only) Ray Cooper–percussion, shouted vocal during Sunshine of Your Love percussion solo Nathan East–bass guitar, vocals Steve Ferrone–drums Katie Kissoon–backing vocals Tessa Niles–backing vocals Phil Palmer–guitar Greg Phillinganes–keyboards, vocals Chuck Leavell–keyboards (1991 Ireland and U.K. dates) Tour dates Reception LGN music critics liked the world tour and especially recognised Eric Clapton's guitar tone throughout the whole Journeyman World Tour, stating: \"this period saw a resurrection of Clapton going back to basics. The tones he captured during this era are really amazing. [...] Eric was mainly using a Soldano SLO-100 amp head giving him a very saturated blues tone\". Fellow guitar slinger Joe Bonamassa recalled a great Journeyman show, he saw as a teenager and also liked the way Eric Clapton made things sound at the time, calling Eric Clapton's Journeyman tone \"one of the best tones Clapton has ever had\". References Eric Clapton 1989 concert tours 1990 concert tours 1991 concert tours","title":"Journeyman World Tour"},{"docid":"70105155","text":"Samira Manners (born 9 July 2000), is a bilingual British-Swedish singer-songwriter. Samira has an English father and a Swedish mother. She learnt her first English in pre-school in Southern England and grew up speaking English at home in Sweden. She signed to Cardiac Records / Sony Music Sweden in 2020 and has since released 8 singles. She participated in Melodifestivalen 2022 with the song \"I Want to Be Loved\". She performed in Heat 2 on 12 February 2022, finishing in fourth place in the phone vote, fifth place overall, and failing to qualify. She performed onstage with her band: Alice Castell (bass), Kajsa Westergren (drums), and Agnes Roslund (guitar). Career Samira studied at Lund's Dance and Musical Gymnasium (LDMG) 2016-2019, Malmö Academy of Music 2021-2022, and Folkhögskolan Skurup and Fridhem Malmö since 2022. Live Performances TV4 Nyhetsmorgon: 2 January 2021, Samira's TV debut singing \"Do It All Again\" and \"Hard To Love\" The Sunset Festival: 7 August 2021. Woman in Red, Malmö Live: 8 October 2021. Melodifestivalen 2022: 12 February 2022. Lotta på Liseberg: 18 July 2022 - Samira singing \"Thankful\"; \"I Want To Be Loved\"; and \"Walking on Sunshine\" SVT Sommarlov 2022: 22 July 2022 - Samira singing \"I Want To Be Loved\"; and \"Thankful\". Single Releases \"Do It All Again\": 15 May 2020. Video by Benjamin Zadig (Eremit Produktion). 'Pop professor' journalist Jan Gradvall reviewing for TV4 morning news program described the single as \"A 19 year old Swedish debutante named Samira Manners who has an English father who colours her perfect English. Excellent, I think.\" Lucas Palmans reviewing for Dansende beren stated that “Do It All Again” is a perfect example of an oasis of peace, but Samira knows how to give it her own twist. The song starts quietly with an acoustic guitar, while the young singer immediately puts her beautiful voice in the spotlight. She seems to put her soul on the table, singing about love. Many new elements are added throughout the song. For example, synths provide a euphoric effect and the percussion gives a slightly bombastic impression. Bombastic in its intimacy, that is, because “Do It All Again” puts a smile on our faces. In any case, we are already impressed by her voice and the soothing atmosphere that the young lady knows how to create.\" \"Hard To Love\": 30 October 2020. Because of the Covid-19 restrictions, the video was made by Samira Manners herself. Lucas Palmans reviewing for Dansende beren stated that the atmosphere of “Hard To Love” \"became one for the campfire on a pleasant evening. An acoustic guitar creates a nice atmosphere, while the Swedish one enchants you with her powerful voice. The song is an alternation between insecurities and straightening your back. For example, she wonders if it is difficult to love her because of her outspoken opinions and such, but in the end she is very satisfied with herself. A nice meaning and a nice song, especially when some backing vocals are added towards the end.\" \"Last Christmas","title":"Samira Manners"},{"docid":"964757","text":"Dohnyale Sharon \"Deni\" Hines (born 4 September 1970) is an Australian singer who has been releasing music since the early 1990s, with chart success in Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Europe. She is the daughter of American-born Australian singer Marcia Hines. Hines released her first single with the Australian band Rockmelons with a cover version of the Bill Withers 1971 hit \"Ain't No Sunshine\". She then went on to release solo material, including the top-five single \"It's Alright\" and the top-20 album Imagination (1996), which sold more than 55,000 copies worldwide. A remix album, which included brand-new tracks, became Remix Your Imagination. Her third studio album was titled Water for Chocolate, which was released on 19 August 2006 and features the singles \"Water for Chocolate\", \"Son of a Preacher Man\" and \"5 Days of Rain\". In 2007, Hines recorded a successful jazz album with Australian jazz artist James Morrison. The pair toured Australia to sold-out shows. In 2012, she played singer Neri Rogers in \"The Green Mill Murder\", S1:E3 of Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries. On 18 November 2016, her fourth studio album, The Soul Sessions, was released, with the lead single \"What About Love\" co-written by Hines and Edward Said. In 2019, Hines competed on The Masked Singer under the alias of Unicorn. She was knocked out in finals week and ended up placing fourth. Music career 1985–1993: Career launch, The Rockmelons and Jesus Christ Superstar Hines was born in Sydney, New South Wales, and was inspired by her mother's success as a singer to follow a career in show business. She was discovered by a friend when she was singing to the radio and then was encouraged to pursue singing as a career. Her earliest employment was as a backing vocalist for such artists as Kylie Minogue (her Rhythm of Love Tour, Australia and Far East 1991), Jimmy Barnes, Wa Wa Nee and Peter Blakeley before she was approached by the band Rockmelons to provide vocals for several of their songs. The first song that Hines released with the Rockmelons collaboration was a cover version of the Bill Withers 1970s hit \"Ain't No Sunshine\" in 1991. The song proved to be a success, charting at number five on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. With the success of the first single, the reggae-inspired \"That Word (L.O.V.E.)\" was the second song released with the collaboration and became another top-five single, charting at number four in Australia. The third and final song Hines released with the band was the ballad \"It's Not Over\". The song was also a success but was not as big as the previous two, charting at number 15 in Australia. With the success with the Rockmelons, Hines became one of the most well-known faces, and voices, in Australia. In 1992, entrepreneur Harry M. Miller signed Hines for the role of Mary Magdalene in a revival of the stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar. Miller had discovered and signed her mother Marcia twenty years earlier, and the role of Mary","title":"Deni Hines"},{"docid":"59938506","text":"Sunshine is an album by American girl group the Emotions, released in November 1977 by Stax Records. The album reached No. 39 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart. The Emotions covered Bill Withers' \"Ain't No Sunshine\" and Carla Thomas' \"Gee Whiz (Look at His Eyes)\" on the album. Critical reception Andrew Hamilton of AllMusic wrote: \"Sunshine has some excellent cuts and some that don't quite fit the Chicagoans' style.\" John Storm Roberts of High Fidelity wrote: \"Fantasy Records has begun reissuing some of the old Stax catalog, and \"Sunshine\" is part of that venture-a bunch of singles backed by Stax house musicians, none of them previously released on albums. The result is pure and amazingly cohesive joy. Without once departing from the classic framework of female group rhythm & blues, \"Sunshine\" is as rich and varied as anything I've heard in months. With only one exception, Any Way You Look at It, every number positively drips with tasty touches in arrangement, singing. and playing.\" With a 3.5 out of 5 stars rating John Shearlaw of Record Mirror exclaimed \"Old Emotions, new Emotions-they're just as good.\" Phyl Garland of Stereo Review commented: \"Sunshine sounds amazingly fresh. Vocal artistry prevails over background effects as the Emotions weave their way in and out of cool, melodious songs.\" Singles The song \"Shouting Out Love\" peaked at No. 31 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart. Track listing Personnel The Emotions Sheila Hutchinson - vocals Theresa Davis - vocals Wanda Hutchinson - vocals with: Bobby Manuel, Michael Toles - guitar Donald \"Duck\" Dunn, Earl Thomas - bass Lester Snell, Marvell Thomas, Ronnie Williams - keyboards Al Jackson Jr., Willie Hall - drums The Memphis Horns - brass The Detroit Strings - strings The Memphis Symphony - orchestra Dale Warren, James Mitchell, Johnny Allen - arrangements References 1977 albums The Emotions albums Albums produced by Jim Stewart (record producer) Albums produced by Al Bell Albums produced by Marvell Thomas Stax Records albums","title":"Sunshine (The Emotions album)"},{"docid":"13118576","text":"\"Love Like This\" is a song performed by British singer Natasha Bedingfield. It was included as the lead single of Bedingfield's second North American album, Pocketful of Sunshine, and features vocals from Jamaican-American reggae singer Sean Kingston. The song was written by Bedingfield, Kingston, Louis Biancaniello, Rico Love, Ryan Tedder, Sam Watters, and Wayne Wilkins, while production was handled by Biancaniello, Love, Tedder, and Watters under their production group, the Runawayz. Its lyrics discuss finding love with a person who has \"been there all your life and has always loved you, but you've never noticed it until now\". The official remix features vocals from rapper Lil Wayne and a slightly different beat, produced by Jim Jonsin. The song was released in North America on 2 October 2007 to mixed reviews from critics. It was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 7 April 2008. The song was a commercial success, reaching the top 20 on the majority of the charts it entered, and topped the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in the United States. On 12 March 2008, \"Love Like This\" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. Background In 2007, Bedingfield began writing and recording new material for her second North American album Pocketful of Sunshine. Producer J. R. Rotem had been working with Bedingfield on the album. Rotem introduced Bedingfield to reggae pop singer/rapper Sean Kingston, who was also recording with Rotem. Bedingfield decided to work with Kingston because she \"just Liked his thing\". In an interview with Digital Spy, she said that she respected rappers and seemed to \"have a little thing with rappers\" since she had previously worked with Estelle, Eve and Bizarre from D12. Composition The song was written by Bedingfield, Kingston, Wayne Wilkins, Louis Biancaniello, Rico Love, Ryan Tedder from the band OneRepublic, and Sam Watters—an original member of American R&B group Color Me Badd. It was also produced by Biancaniello, Love, Tedder, and Watters together as the Runawayz. The song is composed in the key of F major and set in common time. Bedingfield's vocals span from C4 to F5. The Auto Tune effect is heard in a few parts of the song. In the song, Bedingfield discusses finding love with a person who has always \"been there all your life\", but that \"you've never noticed it until now\". According to her, it is all about realizing how that person is actually the \"love of your life\". Critical reception \"Love Like This\" received mixed reviews from critics. Chuck Taylor in a review for Billboard described the song as a \"jaunty, youthful track that clears home base and should propel Nat forward\", while Chris Boeckmann of Stylus Magazine called it \"useless\" and a \"dud\". Michael Slezak of Entertainment Weekly found the song left him \"feeling absolutely nothing\". Slezak was unimpressed with the pairing of Bedingfield and Kingston, writing \"it's as if two people who I'm not entirely convinced can sing got together and recorded a heavily focus-grouped song, then","title":"Love Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song)"},{"docid":"29011773","text":"\"Girls with Guitars\" is a song written by Mary Chapin Carpenter, and recorded by American country music artist Wynonna. It was released in June 1994 as the fifth single from the album Tell Me Why. The song reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Judd's mother, Naomi Judd, and Lyle Lovett sing background vocals on the song. Content The song is about a young woman who pursues her desire to become a rock musician (particularly as a guitarist), despite her parents assuming more practical roles for her. The second and third choruses begin with a reference of the famous guitar riffs of Deep Purple's \"Smoke on the Water\" and Cream's \"Sunshine of Your Love,\" respectively. Chart performance References 1994 singles 1993 songs Wynonna Judd songs Songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter Song recordings produced by Tony Brown (record producer) MCA Records singles Curb Records singles Songs with feminist themes Songs about guitars","title":"Girls with Guitars"},{"docid":"47778406","text":"Rarities from the Capitol Vaults is a compilation album by Australian-American pop singer Helen Reddy that was released in 2009 by EMI Music Special Markets and boasts 10 previously unreleased songs (tracks 1-10) as well as two lesser-known recordings. Reception Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic writes, \"The biggest surprise here is that a fair number of the unreleased songs tend to have a prominent backbeat -- usually some sort of play on disco, but 'Tell Jack' is a pretty terrific slice of Elton John-styled glam rock.\" Track listing \"I Am Woman\" (alternate version) (Ray Burton, Helen Reddy) – 2:24 from sessions for the 1971 album I Don't Know How to Love Him \"Me and My Love\" (Bruce Roberts, Carole Bayer Sager) – 3:28 from sessions for the 1978 album We'll Sing in the Sunshine \"Together\" (Charles Fox, Norman Gimbel) – 3:23 from sessions for the 1978 album We'll Sing in the Sunshine \"Rhythm Rhapsody\" (Ralph Schuckett, John Siegler) – 4:15 from sessions for the 1978 album We'll Sing in the Sunshine \"Blue\" (alternate version) (Joe Raposo) – 4:34 from sessions for the 1978 album We'll Sing in the Sunshine \"Tell Jack\" (Phil Galdston, Peter Thorn) – 4:24 no recording information provided \"Exhaustion\" (Robin Sinclair) – 2:28 from sessions for the 1979 album Reddy \"Don't Mess with a Woman\" (alternate version) (Michael Curtis, Richard Curtis, Patty Moan) – 3:38 from the session in which \"I Am Woman\" was rerecorded for single release \"Lullaby\" (Helen Reddy, Carole Bayer Sager) – 3:02 no recording information provided \"Songs\" (alternate version) (Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil) – 3:11 from sessions for the 1974 album Love Song for Jeffrey \"Take What You Find\" (extended mix) (Julie Didier, Casey Kelly) – 5:01 promotional-only, extended 12\" disco edition \"Plus de Chansons Tristes (No Sad Song)\" (Carole King, Toni Stern) – 3:01 English-language version appears on the 1971 album Helen Reddy Personnel Original albums Helen Reddy – vocals Tom Catalano – producer (\"Songs\") Frank Day – producer (\"Exhaustion\") Kim Fowley – producer (\"Me and My Love\", \"Together\", \"Rhythm Rhapsody\", \"Blue\") Ron Haffkine – producer (\"Take What You Find\") Larry Marks – producer (\"I Am Woman\", \"Plus de Chansons Tristes\") Jay Senter – producer (\"Don't Mess with a Woman\") Compilation Kevin Flaherty – producer Peter Borsari – photography Gunther – photography Douglas Kirkland – cover photo, photography Susan Lavoie – art direction David McEowen – mastering Helen Reddy – track notes Steve Silvas – design Jordan Sommers – music consultant Jim Pierson – compilation producer Matt Tunia – associate producer Gordon Anderson – executive producer mastered at Capitol Mastering Studios, Hollywood, California Notes 2009 compilation albums Helen Reddy albums Albums produced by Tom Catalano","title":"Rarities from the Capitol Vaults"},{"docid":"24228845","text":"The Blues Busters was a vocal duo from Jamaica formed in 1960, consisting of Philip James (9 March 1941 – 1989) and Lloyd Osbourne Campbell (31 December 1941 – 1992). The Blues Busters was the most consistently popular Jamaican male duo of the early 1960s, and among the Jamaican artists who performed at the 1964 New York World's Fair. They initially worked in cabaret shows to tourists in Kingston and Jamaica's north coast, but got their big break when they were asked to accompany Sam Cooke on his tour of the island in March, 1961. Taking inspiration from Cooke, on returning to the cabaret circuit they emulated the soulful harmonies of his performances and recorded a number of soul and reggae cover versions, having minor hits with \"Thinking\" and \"Privilege\". They continued until the mid-1980s, by which time they had released several albums, one of which was a tribute to Cooke. In the late 1960s the pair moved to New York City. There James reportedly died from asthma at age 47 in 1989, and Campbell from a heart attack at age 50 in 1992. The duo are buried with one grave between them in the Pye River Cemetery in Montego Bay, Jamaica, the city of their births. In 2015 Campbell and James were posthumously honoured with keys to the City Of Montego Bay by the St. James Parish Council. Discography Albums Behold How Sweet It Is (1964), Sunshine The Best of the Blues Busters (1965), Sunshine Each One Teach One (1970/1971), Dynamic Philip and Lloyd (1975), Scepter Truth (1979), Sarge Tribute to Sam Cooke (1980), Sarge Top of the Pops (1982), Echo How Sweet It Is (1997), Kingston Gold Compilations The Best of the Blues Busters, Dynamic In Memory of the Blues Busters: Their Best Ska and Soul Hits 1964-1966 (1993), Jamaican Gold Behold! The Anthology (2005), Trojan Singles \"Little Vilma\" (1960), Limbo \"I Need Some Lovin'\" (1961), Limbo \"Early One Morning\" (1961), Limbo \"Donna\" (1961), Coxsone, Blue Beat \"Your Love\" (1961), Island, Starlite \"There's Always Sunshine\" (1962), Blue Beat, Supreme, Coxsone \"Behold!\" (1962), Island Records, Sunshine \"Tell Me Why\" (1962), Blue Beat, Supreme \"How Many Times\" (1963), Supreme \"Behold!\" (1964), Kentone \"Love And Emotion\" (1964), Starline \"Don't Take Your Love Away\" (1964), BMN \"You're No Good\" (1965), BMN \"I Won't Let You Go\" (1965), Kentone \"Wings Of A Dove\" (1965), Soul, Island \"How Sweet It Is\" (1965), BMN \"My Girl\" (1965), Bra, Soul \"Happy Man\" (1966), Bra \"I've Been Trying\" (1966), BMN, Dr. Bird \"Irreplaceable You\" (1967), Sunshine \"There's Always Sunshine\" (1967), Sunshine, Dr. Bird \"Ain't That Loving You\" (1967), Sunshine \"Unless\" (1967), BMN \"I Can't Stop\" (1967), BMN, Jay Boy \"Each One Teach One\" (1967), Dynamic \"Inspired To Love You\" (1968), Shout \"Love is the Answer\" (1970), Minit \"Each One Teach One\" (1971), Lion, Dynamic Sounds \"Baby I'm Sorry\" (1975), Dynamic, Scepter \"Here I am Come And Take Me (Reggae)\" (1975), Scepter \"Sweetest Little Thing\" (1976), Dynamic Sounds \"Just Don't Want To Be Lonely\" (1977), Dynamic Sounds \"Are","title":"The Blues Busters"},{"docid":"35105673","text":"\"Fine Line\" is a 1984 single by Barry Gibb. The song was written by Gibb and keyboardist George Bitzer. It is the second and final single from his debut solo album Now Voyager. It was released in October 1984 in North America by MCA Records and in most countries by Polydor Records. The song was failed to chart in the United States, but it did manage to reach #50 on the Hot Dance Club Songs. The 12\" version of this song was remixed by Larry Patterson. This single was less successful than his previous single, \"Shine, Shine\". Recording \"Fine Line\" was recorded as a demo in November or December 1983 in Miami Beach with \"Face to Face\", \"The Hunter\", \"One Night (For Lovers)\" and \"The Hunter\". The song features The Who's lead singer Roger Daltrey singing backing vocals along with Olivia Newton-John and Harry Wayne Casey of KC and the Sunshine Band. The song also contains a rap section by Gibb himself: Music video The music video of \"Fine Line\" was made as a part of Gibb's movie Now Voyager on which all songs on his album of the same name was featured. For \"Fine Line\", it was filmed in a black and white. Gibb had his trademark beard shaven off in this video. He also shaved his beard on the Bee Gees' music video \"Night Fever\" and the alternative music videos of \"How Deep Is Your Love\" and \"Stayin' Alive\". Track listing Charts References 1984 singles Barry Gibb songs Songs written by Barry Gibb Song recordings produced by Barry Gibb Polydor Records singles MCA Records singles 1984 songs","title":"Fine Line (Barry Gibb song)"},{"docid":"67421089","text":"Ode to Sunshine is an album by American rock band Delta Spirit, released August 26, 2008, on Rounder Records. It is the band's debut album, following their 2006 EP I Think I've Found It. Reception AllMusics Hal Horowitz wrote, \"The ex-Noise Ratchet founders shift to more rootsy territory with their new band, yielding impressive results\", and that \"Ode to Sunshine was recorded in a cabin in Julian, CA, and those surroundings seem to have brought a raw, rootsy, almost Basement Tapes-styled feel to the stripped-down songs and production.\" The A.V. Clubs Chris Martins said the album \"is brimming with gritty, staggering soul that floods the gap between the Stones' R&B-inflected; early oeuvre and Cold War Kids' world-weary keening. That said, Ode is impressively measured, and neither the rollicking shambolics of \"Trashcan\" nor the slow, whiskey-seeping grind of \"Parade\" would be half as effective without a certain tautness.\" NMEs Tessa Harris said the band's \"sound is timeworn and instantly familiar: the \"set me free\" chorus of 'Streetwalker' is pure Springsteen, while the honky-tonk of 'Trashcan' is classic Stones, made more remarkable by the sandpaper snarl of their frontman.\" PopMatters Andrew Martin wrote that \"Every year there is one album that comes out of nowhere, kicks you in the ass, and demands your attention. It finds itself on your iPod, inside your CD player, and blaring out of your headphones or speakers. Then, you commit to spreading the word about the album to anyone and everyone. Because, just like how misery loves company, so does a music lover who has just discovered a fantastic new album. For me, and others I am sure, Delta Spirit's Ode to Sunshine is just that album.\" Prefix Magazine said \"it would be easy to christen the Delta Spirit's sonically referential sound as the Violent Femmes gone sepia. Many already have\", and \"Despite Delta Spirit's anarchic (i.e., creatively opportunistic) sampling of everything from cold war folk to the Cold War Kids, when the band members hit their stride — as on the rumbling, locomotive grooves of piano-stung epic Americana on \"Trashcan\" — Sunshine becomes nothing less than an ode to musical joy.\" Slants Nate Adams wrote that \"The songs on Sunshine range from vaguely spiritual (the groove-heavy first single \"Trashcan\") to openly Christian (the passable but forgettable \"Children\"), and while this is by no means a bad thing, it can be distracting at times: No one likes to be preached at, even if the message is wrapped up inside bluesy pop songs\", and that \"Sadly, the guitars are buried low in the mix, forcing the vocals and piano to do most of the work.\" Spins Nate Adams said \"Whether it's a happy accident or a painstaking work of art, the rousing debut of this San Diego quintet impresses mightily. Despite passing echoes of Spoon and Violent Femmes, Delta Spirit's rough barroom pop is its own creature, with jangly pianos, rattling drums, and scruffy acoustic guitars making a thrilling ruckus.\" Track listing Personnel Jon Jameson – bass Brandon","title":"Ode to Sunshine"},{"docid":"4395381","text":"Part 3 is the fourth studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in October 1976 on the TK label. History Part 3 contains three of the band's biggest hits, \"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\", \"I'm Your Boogie Man\", and \"Keep It Comin' Love\". The first two reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 while the third peaked at number two. Two other singles, \"I Like to Do It\" and \"Wrap Your Arms Around Me\" found moderate success on the charts. Record World said of \"I Like to Do It\" that \"What this group likes to do is race up the charts and as long as they continue to produce material such as this, they should remain on top.\" The album was remastered in 1994 as “Part 3…And More” with additional bonus tracks by Rhino. The album was remastered and reissued with bonus tracks in 2012 by Big Break Records. Track listing Personnel Harry Wayne Casey – keyboards, vocal Jerome Smith – guitar Richard Finch – bass guitar, drums, percussion Robert Johnson – drums Fermin Goytisolo – percussion Oliver C. Brown – percussion Ken Faulk – trumpet Vinnie Tanno – trumpet Mike Lewis – tenor saxophone Whit Sidener – baritone saxophone Beverly Champion – background vocals Margaret Reynolds – background vocals Jeanette Williams – background vocals References External links Part 3 at Discogs 1976 albums KC and the Sunshine Band albums TK Records albums","title":"Part 3 (KC and the Sunshine Band album)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"18832193\",\n \"text\": \"Wovoka is the fifth album by the American rock band Redbone. It was recorded between June and October 1973, and released in November 1973 on Epic Records. The album was produced by brothers Pat Vegas (bass, vocals) and Lolly Vegas (guitars, vocals), in addition to sound engineer Alex Kazanegras. It was the last Redbone album to feature Peter DePoe on drums. Wovoka was recorded with the help of multiple session musicians, including several additional backing vocalists. All main members of the band notably contributed to vocals. As with the band's other releases, Wovoka features songs with Native American themes; each of the band members at the time had either Native American or Mexican American heritage. Wovoka peaked on the US Billboard 200 at number 66 in 1974. The single \\\"Come and Get Your Love\\\" reached number five on the Billboard Hot 100. The single \\\"We Were All Wounded at Wounded Knee\\\" topped the Belgian and Dutch charts in 1973, but was absent from the American release after it was deemed too offensive for some audiences. Track listing LP The track \\\"We Were All Wounded at Wounded Knee\\\" was dropped from the US/Canadian release (KE 32462) due to its controversial theme. The song did appear on the European release (EPC 65500), and was moderately successful on the continent (see main Redbone entry). The LP version of \\\"Come and Get Your Love\\\" starts with a slow rendition of the chorus. This intro was cut from the single release. CD Released on the Columbia label in 1990, several edits were made to the album. The CD featured the single version of Come and Get Your Love; the track boundary on the short Chant Wovoka vocal was moved; and the last track 23rd and Mad was cut down. \\\"Wovoka\\\" (P. Vegas/L. Vegas) – 3:00 \\\"Sweet Lady of Love\\\" (L. Vegas) – 3:08 \\\"Someday (A Good Song)\\\" (P. Vegas/T. Bellamy) – 4:12 \\\"Liquid Truth\\\" (L. Vegas) – 5:03 \\\"Come and Get Your Love\\\" (L. Vegas) – 3:27 \\\"Day to Day Life\\\" / \\\"Chant Wovoka\\\" (P. Vegas/T. Bellamy) – 3:04 \\\"Clouds In My Sunshine\\\" (P. Vegas) – 3:44 \\\"23rd and Mad\\\" (L. Vegas/P. DePoe) - 3:08 Charts Album Personnel Lolly Vegas – lead guitar, electric sitar, leslie guitar, vocals Tony Bellamy – rhythm guitar, wah wah guitar, piano, vocals Pat Vegas – bass, fuzz bass, vocals Butch Rillera – drums, background vocals Peter DePoe – drums, background vocals Additional personnel Gene Page – orchestrator Joe Sample – piano, vibraphone Sherry Williams – background vocals Eddie Caciedo – percussion Johnny Lopez – background vocals References 1974 albums Redbone (band) albums Epic Records albums\",\n \"title\": \"Wovoka (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4803756\",\n \"text\": \"Then and Now was David Cassidy's 16th solo album, released in 2002. It became a big hit in the UK, where it reached #5 in the album charts and ultimately achieved Platinum sales status. It contained new recordings of songs previously released in other albums. The US version of the album moved away from the emphasis on David Cassidy's UK music career and featured a different track listing, one that was more reflective of his hits in the USA. Gone were the songs \\\"Daydreamer\\\", \\\"I Write the Songs\\\", \\\"Some Kind Of A Summer\\\", \\\"If I Didn't Care\\\" and \\\"The Last Kiss\\\". These were replaced with updated versions of Cassidy's recordings of \\\"No Bridge I Wouldn't Cross (Young & Gifted Mix)\\\" and The Partridge Family theme \\\"C'mon, Get Happy\\\" plus a new recording of the song \\\"Do You Believe In Magic\\\" which David had also performed in a Christmas television advertisement for the Mervyn's department store. The different versions of this album ensured both were eagerly sought after by fans worldwide. Track listing \\\"I Think I Love You\\\" \\\"Could It Be Forever\\\" \\\"How Can I Be Sure\\\" \\\"I Woke Up In Love This Morning\\\" \\\"Daydreamer\\\" \\\"I Can Feel Your Heartbeat\\\" \\\"It's One of Those Nights (Yes Love)\\\" \\\"I Write the Songs\\\" \\\"Rock Me Baby\\\" \\\"Some Kind Of A Summer\\\" \\\"Looking Through the Eyes of Love\\\" \\\"I'll Meet You Halfway\\\" \\\"If I Didn't Care\\\" \\\"Cherish\\\" \\\"The Last Kiss\\\" \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\" \\\"Lyin' To Myself\\\" \\\"Cry\\\" \\\"No Bridge I Wouldn't Cross\\\" \\\"Sheltered In Your Arms\\\" \\\"Ricky's Tune\\\" \\\"Could It Be Forever (Feat. Hear'Say) Personnel Musicians: Drums - Mike Bradley, Hal Blaine Bass - Steve Pearce, Max Bennett Piano/Keyboards - Pete Murray Fender Rhodes - Michael Smith Guitars - Hugh Burns, Fridrick Karlsson, Jimmy McIntosh, Dennis Budimir, Louie Shelton Percussion - Frank Ricotti, Gary Coleman Piano Accordion - Eddie Hession Harmonica - Brenden Power Harpsichord - Alexander Skeaping Recorder - Paul Fawcus Violins: Harvey De Souza, Laurence Jackson, Darrell Kok, Jan Schmolk, Ralph De Souza, Simon Smith, Sarah Ewins, Steve Morris Viola: Bob Smissen, Tim Grant Cello: Jo Knight, William Schofield Woodwind: Saxophone and Flute - Paul Fawcus, Scott Garland Brass: Trumpet and Flugal - Pat White, Mark Cumberland Trombone - Dennis Rollins Background vocals: David Cassidy - Background vocals on \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\" Ted Carfrae - Harmony vocal on \\\"I Write The Songs\\\" Mae McKenna, Janet Mooney, Lance Ellington, Phil Nicholl, Candace Davis Martin, Lisa Mayer, John Bahlor, Tom Bahlor, Randy Crenshaw, Jackie Ward References David Cassidy albums 2001 compilation albums\",\n \"title\": \"Then and Now (David Cassidy album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"36218472\",\n \"text\": \"Nice N' Wild, also known as Nice & Wild, was a U.S. freestyle music group that rose to fame in 1986 after their release of \\\"Diamond Girl\\\". Band members included David Torres, Reggie Pierre and Remy Palacios. Although these three bandmates \\\"performed\\\" the song publicly, they did not sing the original vocals for \\\"Diamond Girl\\\", rather lip syncing the song's vocals during performances. However, David Torres did sing the Spanish parts himself after completing vocal training. The final and original voice of “Diamond Girl” vocal track on the hit recording was performed by John Minnis (with David L Cook having sung the demo vocal). Because of mistitled videos on the internet, many believe that Stevie B is the original vocalist of the song, but that of course is false. The song was written and produced by Arthur Lammoglia and Joe Granda in 1986. \\\"Diamond Girl\\\" was featured on the band's debut full-length album, Energy, Love and Unity, released the following year (1987). The album also featured follow-up singles \\\"Obsession\\\" and \\\"Oh Baby (I Want to Make Love Tonight)\\\", which were less successful than the debut hit. Nearly a decade later, the band released a follow-up album, Infatuation, again featuring Minnis prominently as the lead vocalist, along with songwriting contributions from Granda, who also served as executive producer for the project. Despite the title track and a cover of the Bill Withers classic \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\" being released as singles, further commercial success proved elusive. Discography Albums Energy, Love and Unity (LP, Atlantic, 1987) Infatuation (CD, Right Touch Production, 1996) Singles and EPs \\\"Diamond Girl\\\" (Top Hits, 1986) \\\"Obsession\\\" (Atlantic, 1987) \\\"Oh Baby (I Want to Make Love Tonight)\\\" (7\\\", promo, Atlantic, 1987) \\\"Infatuation\\\"(Freestyle Records, 1995) \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\" (12\\\", Right Touch Production, 1996) References Atlantic Records artists American Eurodance groups American dance music groups Musical groups established in 1986 Musical groups disestablished in 1996 American musical trios\",\n \"title\": \"Nice & Wild\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6130335\",\n \"text\": \"Natural Wonder is a live album by American musician Stevie Wonder, released in 1995 and recorded in Osaka, Japan and Tel Aviv, Israel. The tour featured different symphony orchestras at some venues, conducted by touring conductor Henry Panion III. It is his fourth live album after Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius (1963), Stevie Wonder Live (1970), and Live at the Talk of the Town (also 1970), and his only one as a mature artist. Content The album comprises songs from throughout his career, spanning 1969's My Cherie Amour to 1995's Conversation Peace, in addition to the debut of three new songs – \\\"Dancing to the Rhythm\\\", the Stevie Ray Vaughan tribute \\\"Stevie Ray Blues\\\", and \\\"Ms. & Mr. Little Ones\\\". Wonder also performs \\\"Stay Gold\\\", a song he sang and co-write with composer Carmine Coppola for Coppola's score to The Outsiders. Track listing Disc one \\\"Dancing to the Rhythm\\\" – 7:07 \\\"Love's in Need of Love Today\\\" – 6:02 \\\"Master Blaster (Jammin')\\\" – 3:36 \\\"Stevie Ray Blues\\\" – 2:27 \\\"Higher Ground\\\" – 3:59 \\\"Rocket Love\\\" – 4:47 \\\"Stay Gold\\\" – 4:21 \\\"Ribbon in the Sky\\\" – 8:37 \\\"Pastime Paradise\\\" – 3:22 \\\"If It's Magic\\\" – 3:34 \\\"Ms. & Mr. Little Ones\\\" – 4:17 \\\"Village Ghetto Land\\\" – 3:26 \\\"Tomorrow Robins Will Sing\\\" – 4:20 Disc two \\\"Overjoyed\\\" – 3:59 \\\"My Cherie Amour\\\" – 3:20 \\\"Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours\\\" – 2:45 \\\"Living for the City\\\" – 4:26 \\\"Sir Duke\\\" – 2:46 \\\"I Wish\\\" – 4:06 \\\"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\\\" – 2:21 \\\"Superstition\\\" – 5:37 \\\"I Just Called to Say I Love You\\\" – 4:38 \\\"For Your Love\\\" – 5:06 \\\"Another Star\\\" – 5:55 Personnel Stevie Wonder – vocals, keyboards, grand piano, harmonica Band Herman Jackson – keyboards Isaiah Sanders – keyboards Rick Zunigar – guitars Nathan Watts – bass, musical director Gerry Brown – drums Munyungo Jackson – percussion Keith John – backing vocals Panzie Johnson – backing vocals Marva King – backing vocals Orchestra Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra Paul Riser – orchestrations and arrangements Dr. Henry Panion, III – conductor Fredrick Charley – orchestra librarian Steve Torok – orchestra librarian Production Stevie Wonder – producer, arrangements Peter Edmonds – production manager George Packer – production manager Danny Leake – recording engineer, FOH engineer Tohru \\\"Kiku\\\" Kikuchi – system engineer Gary Adante – editing, mixing Robert A. Arbittier – editing, mixing Chris Bellman – mastering at Bernie Grundman Mastering (Hollywood, California) Brian O'Neal – liner notes Jackie Salway – art direction, design James Minchin III – photography David Safian – photography Eddie Wolfl – photography References 1995 live albums Stevie Wonder live albums Motown live albums Albums produced by Stevie Wonder\",\n \"title\": \"Natural Wonder\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"41580236\",\n \"text\": \"The Michael Jackson Mix is a compilation album by American singer and recording artist Michael Jackson, released in 1987. Available as a double LP, double cassette and double CD, the album contains 40 songs from Jackson's Motown career – solo and with The Jackson 5 – edited together in four separate megamixes: \\\"Love Mix 1\\\" and \\\"Love Mix 2\\\" on the first LP, cassette and CD, and \\\"Dance Mix 1\\\" and \\\"Dance Mix 2\\\" on the second LP, cassette and CD. Track listing \\\"Love Mix 1\\\" (LP & cassette side one; CD one – 23:06) \\\"Ben\\\" (Don Black, Walter Scharf) \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\" (Bill Withers) \\\"One Day in Your Life\\\" (Sam Brown III, Renée Armand) \\\"Never Can Say Goodbye\\\" (Clifton Davis) \\\"Got to Be There\\\" (Hal Davis, The Corporation, Willie Hutch) \\\"Happy (Love Theme from 'Lady Sings the Blues')\\\" (Michel Legrand, Smokey Robinson) \\\"I'll Be There\\\" (Berry Gordy, Bob West, Willie Hutch, Hal Davis) \\\"We're Almost There\\\" (Brian Holland, Edward Holland Jr.) \\\"People Make the World Go Round\\\" (Thom Bell, Linda Creed) \\\"Love Mix 2\\\" (LP & cassette side two; CD one – 20:15) \\\"Who's Lovin' You\\\" (Smokey Robinson, Berry Gordy) \\\"I Was Made to Love Her\\\" (Stevie Wonder, Lula Mae Hardaway, Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy) \\\"You've Really Got a Hold on Me\\\" (Smokey Robinson) \\\"Music and Me\\\" (Jerry Marcellino, Mel Larson, Don Fenceton, Mike Cannon) \\\"Call on Me\\\" (Fonce Mizell, Larry Mizell) \\\"Lonely Teardrops\\\" (Gordy, Roquel \\\"Billy\\\" Davis, Gwendolyn Gordy) \\\"You've Got a Friend\\\" (Carole King) \\\"Girl Don't Take Your Love from Me\\\" (Willie Hutch) \\\"We've Got a Good Thing Going\\\" (The Corporation) \\\"I'll Come Home to You\\\" (Freddie Perren, Christine Yarian) \\\"Dance Mix 1\\\" (LP & cassette side three; CD two – 21:10) \\\"ABC\\\" (The Corporation) \\\"I Want You Back\\\" (The Corporation) \\\"Get It Together\\\" (Hal Davis, Norman Whitfield) \\\"The Boogie Man\\\" (Deke Richards) \\\"Just a Little Bit of You\\\" (Brian Holland, Edward Holland Jr.) \\\"The Love You Save\\\" (The Corporation) \\\"Farewell My Summer Love\\\" (Keni St. Lewis) \\\"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone\\\" (Holland, Lamont Dozier) \\\"Hallelujah Day\\\" (Freddie Perren, Christine Yarian) \\\"Skywriter\\\" (Mel Larson, Jerry Marcellino) \\\"Lookin' Through the Windows\\\" (The Corporation, Davis) \\\"Dance Mix 2\\\" (LP & cassette side four; CD two – 21:02) \\\"Sugar Daddy\\\" (The Corporation) \\\"Don't Let It Get You Down\\\" (Jerry Marcellino, Mel Larson, Deke Richards) \\\"Girl You're So Together\\\" (Keni St. Lewis) \\\"Mama's Pearl\\\" (The Corporation) \\\"My Girl\\\" (Smokey Robinson, Ronald White) \\\"Dancing Machine\\\" (Hal Davis, Don Fletcher, Dean Parks) \\\"Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day\\\" (Stevie Wonder, Sylvia Moy, Henry Cosby) \\\"Doctor My Eyes\\\" (Jackson Browne, Richard Sanford Orshoff) \\\"Rockin' Robin\\\" (Leon René) \\\"Little Bitty Pretty One (Bobby Day) UK 7\\\" promo \\\"Dance Mix 1\\\" – Promo Edit (Side A – 3:18) \\\"ABC\\\" \\\"I Want You Back\\\" \\\"Get It Together\\\" \\\"The Boogie Man\\\" \\\"Love Mix 1\\\" – Promo Edit (Side B – 3:56) \\\"Ben\\\" \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\" \\\"One Day in Your Life\\\" Production Compiled by DMC Dakeyne – DJ mix (megamix) Ceri Berry – liner notes Charts and certifications Weekly charts Certifications References\",\n \"title\": \"The Michael Jackson Mix\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"26191004\",\n \"text\": \"The Troubadour Reunion Tour was a 2010 international concert tour by Carole King and James Taylor. It celebrated the 40th anniversary of their first performance together at The Troubadour in November 1970, and was a continuation of their reunion at the Troubadour in November 2007. History The tour was announced on November 12, 2009. Over 50 dates were scheduled in Australia and New Zealand, Japan, and North America. The tour began on March 26, 2010 at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia. The touring band included the original support band from The Troubadour: Danny Kortchmar (guitar), Leland Sklar (bass) and Russ Kunkel (drums). Other members were Robbie Kondor (keyboards, piano, organ, accordion, chromatic harmonica), Arnold McCuller (vocals), Kate Markowitz (vocals) and Andrea Zonn (vocals and fiddle). For secondary ticket sales, for the week of January 24, 2010, it was estimated to be the best selling ticket event in the world, beating out even the Super Bowl. These ticket sales were based on sales from the TicketNetwork Exchange, the largest secondary ticket exchange in the world. This does not include primary ticket sellers such as Ticketmaster. The North America leg of the tour incorporated a stage design that included intimate nightclub-style seating. The proceeds from these seats benefit various charities. The Oceania leg of the tour was promoted by Michael Coppel, who was also promoting Lady Gaga's The Monster Ball Tour at the same time. Lady Gaga attended one of the Troubadour Reunion concerts in Sydney. The final performance of the tour was on July 20, 2010 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California. In an interview with Carole King and James Taylor for Billboard Magazine, Taylor stated there will probably never be another Troubadour Reunion Tour. However, he mentioned that a European tour was possible. Tour dates Box office score data Set list One typical set list for the tour has been: First set \\\"Blossom\\\" \\\"So Far Away\\\" \\\"Machine Gun Kelly\\\" \\\"Carolina in My Mind\\\" \\\"Sunshine Sunshine\\\" \\\"Smackwater Jack\\\" \\\"Country Road\\\" \\\"Where You Lead\\\" \\\"Your Smiling Face\\\" \\\"Song of Long Ago\\\" → \\\"Long Ago and Far Away\\\" \\\"Beautiful\\\" \\\"Shower the People\\\" \\\"Way Over Yonder\\\" Second set \\\"Copperline\\\" \\\"Crying in the Rain\\\" \\\"Mexico\\\" \\\"Sweet Baby James\\\" \\\"Jazzman\\\" \\\"Will You Love Me Tomorrow\\\" \\\"Steamroller Blues\\\" \\\"It's Too Late\\\" \\\"Fire and Rain\\\" \\\"I Feel the Earth Move\\\" \\\"You've Got a Friend\\\" Encore \\\"Up on the Roof\\\" \\\"How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)\\\" \\\"You Can Close Your Eyes\\\" \\\"The Loco-Motion\\\" Other songs played included \\\"Honey Don't Leave L.A.\\\", \\\"Sweet Seasons\\\", and \\\"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\\\" (as the first-set closer). The second or third song of the second set was a \\\"fan request\\\" slot, taken from a web poll for that show from a constrained list and alternating between King and Taylor. Notes While in the beginning of the tour (until May 18, 2010) “The Loco-Motion\\\" was the final song, in later concerts (starting on May 19, 2010) the final song was \\\"You Can Close Your Eyes\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Troubadour Reunion Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2374497\",\n \"text\": \"Fireflies is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Faith Hill. The album was released on August 2, 2005 via Warner Bros. Records Nashville. Her first album since her 2002 crossover album Cry, Fireflies marked a return to traditional country music for Hill. Hill co-produced the album with Byron Gallimore and Dann Huff. Husband Tim McGraw is featured on the single \\\"Like We Never Loved at All\\\". Five singles in total were released from the album. The lead single, \\\"Mississippi Girl\\\", marked Hill's ninth and final country number one hit and her first since 2000's \\\"The Way You Love Me\\\"'; it spent two weeks atop the Hot Country Songs chart. Follow-up singles \\\"Like We Never Loved at All\\\", \\\"The Lucky One\\\", and \\\"Sunshine and Summertime\\\" (which was her last solo top ten hit at country radio) all peaked within the top ten, with the first two peaking within the top five. \\\"Stealing Kisses\\\" was also a top 40 hit. In its first week, Fireflies debuted atop both the all-genre Billboard 200 and Top Country Albums, selling 329,000 copies. Fireflies marked Hill's third consecutive album to top both of the charts simultaneously after 1999's Breathe and 2002's Cry. The album has been certified two times platinum by the RIAA for selling two million copies. Despite the commercial success, it was met with mixed reviews with many complaining that the album was bland. \\\"Like We Never Loved at All\\\" won the Grammy for Best Country Collaboration at the 48th Grammy Awards in 2006 while \\\"Mississippi Girl\\\" and Fireflies were nominated for Best Female Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Album. Content Singles from the album include, in order of release: \\\"Mississippi Girl\\\", \\\"Like We Never Loved at All\\\", \\\"The Lucky One\\\", \\\"Sunshine and Summertime\\\" and \\\"Stealing Kisses\\\". Of these, \\\"Mississippi Girl\\\" was a Number One on the US Billboard country charts. The other singles peaked at numbers 5, 5, 7 and 36 on that chart, respectively. Of the singles, \\\"Mississippi Girl\\\", \\\"Like We Never Loved at All\\\" and \\\"Sunshine and Summertime\\\" were co-written by John Rich of Big & Rich, while The Warren Brothers (Brad and Brett) co-wrote \\\"The Lucky One\\\", a song on which Brett also sings backing vocals. Other backing vocalists on this album include Hill's husband, Tim McGraw (on \\\"Like We Never Loved at All\\\"), Bekka Bramlett, Rhonda Vincent, and Kelly Willis. Hill produced the entire album, with co-production from Byron Gallimore on tracks 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 12, Dann Huff on 7, 8, 13, and 14, and both Gallimore and Huff on 2 and 11. Critical reception At Metacritic, the album has an average score of 57, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews\\\". Track listing Personnel As listed in liner notes. Musicians Greg Barnhill - background vocals (1, 9, 10, 11, 12) Bruce Bouton - steel guitar (2, 7, 8, 11), Dobro (8) Bekka Bramlett - background vocals (1, 2, 11) Tom Bukovac - electric guitar (1, 2, 3, 5-11, 13, 14), acoustic\",\n \"title\": \"Fireflies (Faith Hill album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3391107\",\n \"text\": \"Cameron Thane Muncey (born 8 February 1980) is an Australian guitarist and vocalist. He is the mainstay lead guitarist and one of the songwriters of Melbourne-based rock band Jet which formed in 2001. Muncey co-wrote many of Jet's hits with Nic and Chris Cester, including \\\"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\\\", \\\"Radio Song\\\", \\\"Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is\\\" and \\\"Cold Hard Bitch\\\". Biography Muncey was born in Melbourne, and attended St Bedes College (high school) with future bandmates Nic and Chris Cester. Muncey took up guitar after hearing \\\"Sunshine Of Your Love\\\" by Cream. The song \\\"Timothy\\\" from \\\"Get Born\\\" was written about an older brother named Timothy who died in infancy before Muncey was born. Muncey and Nic Cester became best friends at school, with Cester declaring \\\"He had 'Led Zeppelin' written on his bag, and so did I, so it was inevitable, I guess\\\", on the band's documentary recorded on their DVD, Right! Right! Right!. Muncey's trademark guitar for Get Born was a Gibson Flying V, and he has used it in concert and in many of the videos. He has since switched to Gibson Les Pauls and SGs. Since Shaka Rock, Muncey mainly plays a Gibson ES137. Muncey uses Marshall amps as seen in the \\\"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\\\" video, as well as Orange Amplification as seen in the \\\"Take it or Leave it\\\" video. In the video for \\\"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\\\" he can be seen wearing an AC/DC T-shirt. In addition to playing lead guitar, Muncey sings lead vocals on a number of Jet's songs, including \\\"Hey Kids\\\", \\\"Radio Song\\\" and more recently \\\"She Holds A Grudge\\\". Muncey married his girlfriend Sarah Rumbelow, on 18 August 2009. APRA Awards The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). |- |rowspan=\\\"2\\\"| 2006 || \\\"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\\\" – Nicholas Cester, Cameron Muncey || Most Performed Australian Work Overseas || |- | \\\"Cold Hard Bitch\\\" – Nicholas Cester, Christopher Cester, Cameron Muncey || Most Performed Australian Work Overseas || |- | 2007 || \\\"Are You Gonna Be My Girl\\\" – Nicholas Cester, Cameron Muncey || Most Performed Australian Work Overseas || References General Note: [on-line] version established at White Room Electronic Publishing Pty Ltd in 2007 and was expanded from the 2002 edition. Specific External links JET official website JET at MySpace 1980 births APRA Award winners Australian rock guitarists Jet (band) members Lead guitarists Living people 21st-century guitarists Musicians from Melbourne People educated at St Bede's College (Mentone)\",\n \"title\": \"Cameron Muncey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19072268\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Angel\\\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Natasha Bedingfield for her second North American album Pocketful of Sunshine (2007). It was released as the album's third single in North America on 11 August 2008. The song was produced by Rodney \\\"Darkchild\\\" Jerkins, hence the \\\"Darkchild forever\\\" line at the beginning of the song, he also sings the chorus. The song is written in the key of B minor and set in time. Bedingfield's vocals range from F3 to C5. It utilizes a prominent spelling out of the word 'angel' as its hook. In the song, Bedingfield sings of being a guardian angel of sorts for her companion, stating in the chorus, \\\"I'll be your A-N-G-E-L.\\\" On 18 September 2008 she performed the song live on America's Got Talent. This song is featured in the rhythmic, singing video game Boogie Superstar, but only as the Moto Blanco Club Remix and as an online exclusive song. Critical reception Chris Williams of Billboard praised \\\"Angel\\\", noting that it takes on \\\"a decidedly more urban slant\\\", and saying, \\\"Vocally, Bedingfield has no difficulty adjusting to the production, confidently delivering with sass and swagger.\\\" He also thought the track would do well, claiming, \\\"With angelic harmonies throughout, a catchy chorus with a fun spell-out of \\\"a-n-g-e-l\\\" and a sing-rap bridge, Bedingfield is on her way again to the airwaves' high heavens.\\\" Chart performance \\\"Angel\\\" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at #93, the chart week of 4 October 2008. It has debuted on the Pop 100 at #91, and has climbed to #35. Since its release date it has been one of the most added tracks at U.S. Mainstream Top 40 radio. It has already climbed to #25 on BDS CHR/Top 40 chart. The song debuted at #96 on the Canadian Hot 100 and peaked at #41. Music video Phil Griffin shot the music video for the song. The video features Bedingfield in several different rooms and outfits, with multiple versions of her suddenly appearing and then disappearing. The music video uses the Radio Edit of the song which alters the bridge: the lyrics \\\"I wish somebody would disrespect my man, they gon' have to come see me. I go hard for my baby...\\\" being changed to \\\"if someone ever should disrespect my love, they gon' have to come see me. I fight hard for my baby...\\\" Charts Release history References 2000s ballads 2008 singles Natasha Bedingfield songs Song recordings produced by Rodney Jerkins Contemporary R&B ballads Pop ballads Songs written by Rodney Jerkins Songs written by Crystal Nicole Songs written by Rico Love Songs written by LaShawn Daniels\",\n \"title\": \"Angel (Natasha Bedingfield song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2698786\",\n \"text\": \"DeVotchKa is an American four-piece multi-instrumental and vocal ensemble. They take their name from the Russian word devochka (девочка), meaning \\\"girl\\\". Based in Denver, Colorado, the quartet is made up of Nick Urata, who sings and plays theremin, guitar, bouzouki, piano, and trumpet; Tom Hagerman, who plays violin, accordion, and piano; Jeanie Schroder, who sings and plays sousaphone, double bass, and flute; and Shawn King, who plays percussion and trumpet. History Originally a backing band for burlesque shows, in their early years DeVotchKa also toured with burlesque performer and model Dita Von Teese. Numerous nationwide tours in support of self-released records earned the band an underground following. Their song \\\"How It Ends\\\", from the 2004 album of the same name, introduced the band to a wider audience after being featured in the trailer for Everything Is Illuminated, in a 2008 Gears of War 2 trailer called \\\"The Last Day\\\", and in an episode of Everwood. \\\"How It Ends\\\" reached Number 101 in the UK Singles Charts. Their performance at the 2006 Bonnaroo music festival was considered a breakout event. In 2006, Arcade Fire singer Win Butler suggested to DeVotchKa that they arrange the Siouxsie and the Banshees song \\\"The Last Beat of My Heart\\\". The musicians found the idea interesting and they recorded that song for 2006's Curse Your Little Heart EP. In between tours, the band was picked by first time film directors Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris to score Little Miss Sunshine, a 2006 film that would go on to garner four Academy Award nominations. DeVotchKa, along with composer Mychael Danna, composed and performed the majority of the music for the film's soundtrack and were nominated for a 2006 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack. The main song, \\\"The Winner Is\\\", was also used in a commercial by the French-based environment and energy company Suez and the Dutch pension fund PGGM. Their 2008 album, A Mad & Faithful Telling, reached No. 9 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and No. 29 on the Top Independent Albums chart. \\\"New World\\\" and \\\"Head Honcho\\\" were featured in a season 4 episode of the Showtime television show Weeds. In 2008, Boston newspaper The Phoenix named them the Best New Band from Colorado. The band supported Muse at the Stade de France on June 12, 2010, playing to over 80,000 people. The band's newest album, This Night Falls Forever, was released on August 24, 2018, via Concord Records. On July 13, 2018, DeVotchKa released \\\"Straight Shot\\\", which is the first track on the album. Members Nick Urata – vocals, guitars, piano, trumpet, theremin, bouzouki Tom Hagerman – violin, accordion, piano, Melodica Jeanie Schroder – sousaphone (currently), upright bass, vocals, flute Shawn King – drums, percussion, trumpet, accordion, organ Discography SuperMelodrama (2000) Triple X Tango (2002) Una Volta (2003) How It Ends (2004) Curse Your Little Heart (EP) (2006) Little Miss Sunshine (soundtrack) (2006) A Mad & Faithful Telling (2008) No. 29 Independent Albums Chart/ No. 9 Heatseakers (Billboard U.S.) I Love You, Phillip\",\n \"title\": \"DeVotchKa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13712560\",\n \"text\": \"Dance Nation is a Dutch Electronic Dance Music formation founded in 2001 by songwriters, producers and DJs Rob Janssen & Brad Grobler. Dutch singers and performers Sean & Kim are the live act fronting Dance Nation since their first and highly successful single \\\"Sunshine\\\". Biography Early years (2001-2003) Dance Nation released their debut single 'Sunshine' in 2001. This was followed by singles such as \\\"Dance\\\", \\\"Words\\\", and \\\"You Take Me Away\\\". In 2004, they switched to the name \\\"Double Nation\\\" due to legal proceedings. In 2003, they also collaborated with The Lovestern Galaktika Project for the single \\\"My First Love\\\". 2003-2005 In this period, following the label crisis Noculan Music (after inglobed into Jamie Lewis by his Purple Eye Entertainment), that struck not only Dance Nation, but also other trance artists such as Noémi and 666 and the general mutation of the music genres in Europe, going House, Hard House and Elektro, lead Dance Nation to land in Japan, where they still have a great deal of success and their production focused in the last years. From this moment on, the group had a sort of split life, releasing Trance projects for Japanese market and House ones for the European one. In this climate born singles like \\\"Beachtime\\\" in Japan and \\\"I'm Gonna Get You\\\" and the House/Elektro track \\\"Move Your Love\\\" in Europe. It's because their production are more Asian based than European, that it is difficult to find their releases outside Japan, both in online and retail stores and it's because of that too that no one knows about the release of two albums and a compilation. Titles are Trance Champion, released in 2005 by the Japanese label Avex Productions, containing all the past-released singles, including \\\"Celebrate Your Life\\\", that, listening to some people, should have been the next single; One Nation in 2007 always by the same label; and Christmas Trance in winter 2006, including a lot of popular Christmas melodies rearranged in Trance style, like Dance Nation always did. 2006 - 2021 Just before summer 2006 Dance Nation released their single \\\"Ridin' High\\\", which confirmed a general move towards House music sounds of the European market. An album was going to be produced too, with an undisclosed release date, containing some remixes of their first single, \\\"Sunshine\\\". Remixes were being collected from their numerous fans all over the world but sadly such a remix Lp never happened. Continuing the house music sound in 2007 they released the single 'Move Your Love', a collaborative rework of the popular year 2000 released 'On The Move' by Barthezz. It was not until two years later that new material were published in the form of the two compilation albums 'Vocal Trance Years 2001-2004 // 2004-2009'. Compilations containing the early singles, 'Move Your Love' as well as additional singles in the form of 'Celebrate Your Life', 'Reach For The Light' and 'I'm Gonna Get You'. In addition popular tracks such as 'Fired Up', 'Lovin Arms' and 'Summer Rain'. 2010 saw the\",\n \"title\": \"Dance Nation (dance group)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"46869731\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Hold Me Up\\\" is the debut solo single by Australian singer Conrad Sewell. It was released on 3 March 2015 and taken from his debut extended play, All I Know. The song is co-written and co-produced by Sewell and Brian Lee (who has previously worked with Lady Gaga and Icona Pop), The Euroz and Louis Bell. The song was released in Australia on 3 March 2015 and peaked at number 39 on the ARIA Singles Chart. The track was released in the United Kingdom on 24 July. The remixes were released on 20 November. Background Sewell moved from Brisbane to Los Angeles to work on his music and in late 2014, provided the vocals on Kygo’s 2014 tropical house hit \\\"Firestone\\\". On March 2, 2015 Sewell announced his opening slot on Ed Sheeran's 13-date Australian X tour throughout March and April via a video posted on his Facebook page. \\\"Hold Me Up\\\" was released the next day. \\\"Hold Me Up\\\" emerged from a late-night, free-form session in the studio. Sewell said; \\\"I’ve been doing this thing lately where I set up a mic live, put on some reverb so I feel like I’m singing in front of people, put on a track and just flow a melody over it. It’s been hard for me to get up-tempo songs, because I love nothing more than sitting at the piano and melting your heart—that’s definitely what I’ll tend to do in a writing situation. So when that one came, it was just a fun track that you can dance, drive, sing to, and we can worry about the serious stuff later.\\\" Music video The monochrome video features Sewell, chilling out and enjoying life down by the beach. The video was released on 12 May 2015. Reviews Mike Wass from Idolator said ‘Hold Me Up’ is a \\\"soulful, vaguely disco-tinged pop anthem\\\" and is a huge song with an instantly hummable chorus\\\". Madison Vain of Entertainment Weekly called the song \\\"an upbeat, anthemic, just-about-impossible-to-not-get-swept-away-in pop track.\\\" AuspOp said ‘Hold Me Up’ is \\\"effortlessly cool, eternally optimistic, vocally impressive and filled with enough pop sunshine to brighten even the greyest of days.\\\" Track listing Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References 2015 singles Conrad Sewell songs Songs written by Brian Lee (songwriter) 2015 songs Songs written by Louis Bell Songs written by Conrad Sewell\",\n \"title\": \"Hold Me Up (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"24579094\",\n \"text\": \"There's a Hippo in My Tub, rereleased as Anne Murray Sings for the Sesame Street Generation is a 1977 children's album and the thirteenth studio album by Anne Murray. Although the album did not make any of the major charts in the US or Canada, it was certified Platinum in Canada. The album was initially reissued in 1979 by Sesame Street Records retitled Anne Murray Sings for the Sesame Street Generation. It was again reissued in 2001 in CD format by EMI Music Canada, including three extra songs that were not on the original album. It was produced by Pat Riccio Jr. As Anne Murray Sings for the Sesame Street Generation, the album was nominated for the 1980 Grammy Awards in the Best Children's Album category, where it was up against two other Sesame Street-branded albums and the soundtrack of The Muppet Movie, which won. The synthesizer line from “Teddy Bears’ Picnic” was sampled by the American hip hop group Ugly Duckling as part of the song “Down the Road.” Track listing (1977) \\\"Hey, Daddy\\\" (Bob Ruzicka) \\\"Stars are the Windows of Heaven\\\" (Jimmy Steiger, Tommie Malie) \\\"Animal Crackers\\\" (Irving Caesar, Ted Koehler) \\\"Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo\\\" (Bronisław Kaper, Helen Deutsch) \\\"Why, Oh, Why (Why, Why, Why)\\\" (Woody Guthrie) \\\"Teddy Bears' Picnic\\\" (Jimmy Kennedy, John Walter Bratton) \\\"Inchworm\\\" (Frank Loesser) \\\"You Are My Sunshine/Open Up Your Heart\\\" (Stuart Hamblen, Charles Mitchell) \\\"Sleepytime\\\" (John Renton) \\\"Lullaby Medley: Hush Little Baby/Sleep Child/Brahms Lullaby\\\" (Traditional, Robbie MacNeill) Track listing (2001 reissue) \\\"Hey, Daddy\\\" (Bob Ruzicka) \\\"Stars Are the Windows of Heaven\\\" (Jimmy Steiger, Tommie Malie) \\\"Animal Crackers\\\" (Irving Caesar, Ted Koehler) \\\"Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo\\\" (Bronisław Kaper, Helen Deutsch) \\\"Why, Oh, Why (Why, Why, Why)\\\" (Woody Guthrie) \\\"Teddy Bears' Picnic\\\" (Jimmy Kennedy, John Walter Bratton) \\\"Sing High, Sing Low\\\" (Brent Titcomb) \\\"Inchworm\\\" (Frank Loesser) \\\"You Are My Sunshine/Open Up Your Heart\\\" (Stuart Hamblen, Charles Mitchell) \\\"I Can See Clearly Now\\\" (Johnny Nash) \\\"What a Wonderful World\\\" (Robert Thiele Jr., George David Weiss) \\\"Sleepytime\\\" (John Renton) \\\"Lullaby Medley: Hush Little Baby/Sleep Child/Brahms Lullaby\\\" (Traditional, Robbie MacNeill) Chart performance Personnel Anne Murray—lead vocals Lisa Dryburgh, Christine MacIntosh, Kathleen Langstroth, Aidan Mason, Anne Murray, Pat Riccio Jr., Lisa Wonnacott—backing vocals Pete Cardinali—bass guitar Paul Beedham—drums Sid Beckwith—flute Bob Mann, Aidan Mason, Miles Wilkinson—guitar John Mills Cockell, Pat Riccio Jr.—keyboards Bob Lucier—steel guitar Rick Wilkins—string arrangements References 1977 albums Anne Murray albums Capitol Records albums Children's music albums by Canadian artists Juno Award for Children's Album of the Year albums\",\n \"title\": \"There's a Hippo in My Tub\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"170509\",\n \"text\": \"Crossword Puzzle is the seventh and penultimate studio album by The Partridge Family. Released in June 1973, it was the last Partridge Family album to chart in the US, entering Billboard's Top LP's chart in July and peaking at no. 167 in its second of just five weeks in the Top 200. Bell Records, losing faith in the group after oversaturating the market with product, chose not to release a US single from the album, though \\\"Sunshine\\\" was released as a single in Japan. The LP cover featured a crossword puzzle, with the answers given inside on one side of the dust sleeve. As with previous release The Partridge Family Notebook, the American album cover of Crossword Puzzle included no group photo, but did feature small black-and-white photos of Shirley Jones (at left) and David Cassidy (at right). In 2003 the album was released on CD on Arista's BMG Heritage Records label. Track listing All tracks, except \\\"It's A Long Way To Heaven\\\", \\\"Now That You Got Me Where You Want Me\\\" and \\\"Let Your Love Go\\\", were featured on the TV show (mainly from Season 3). Personnel John Bahler - vocal arrangement, background vocals Tom Bahler - background vocals Stan Farber - background vocals - uncredited (A6) Jerry Whitman - background vocals - uncredited (B2) Max Bennett - bass Hal Blaine - drums Dennis Budimir - guitar Larry Carlton - guitar David Cassidy - vocals Pete Ciccone - re-design Wes Farrell - rhythm arrangements Elliott Federman - mastering Mike Hartry - digital transfers Ron Hicklin - background vocals Jeremy Holiday - production coordination John Hudson - product manager Shirley Jones - vocals Larry Knechtel - keyboards Bob Kovach - engineer Mike Melvoin - string and horn arrangements, keyboards Joe Osborn - bass Rob Santos - re-issue producer Louie Shelton - guitar Lisa Sutton - liner notes Tommy Tedesco - guitar Jackie Ward - background vocals Beverly Weinstein - art direction Winston Wong - assistant engineer Track information and credits adapted from AllMusic Releases CD Crossword Puzzle Buddha Records 2001 CD Crossword Puzzle BMG Heritage 2003 CD Crossword Puzzle Sbme Special Mkts. 2008 CD Crossword Puzzle BMG Heritage Recording dates 4 September 1971 \\\"As Long As There's You\\\" \\\"Come On Love\\\" 1 May 1972 \\\"One Day at a Time\\\" \\\"It Means I'm in Love with You\\\" (see 23 May 1972) \\\"It Sounds Like You're Saying Hello\\\" \\\"It's You\\\" 23 May 1972 \\\"It Means I'm In Love With You\\\" (Re-Record, see 1 May 1972) 4 September 1972 \\\"Sunshine\\\" \\\"Let Your Love Go\\\" 22 September 1972 \\\"It's a Long Way to Heaven\\\" \\\"Now That You've Got Me Where You Want Me\\\" \\\"I've Got Your Love All Over Me\\\" See recording dates for this and other Partridge Family albums at The Partridge Family Recording Sessions Charts References The Partridge Family albums 1973 albums Albums arranged by Mike Melvoin Albums produced by Wes Farrell Bell Records albums Albums recorded at United Western Recorders\",\n \"title\": \"Crossword Puzzle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"23217330\",\n \"text\": \"The Zircons were a vocal-based, doo-wop style musical group from Harlem and later the Bronx, New York, in the late 1950s and 1960s. Zircons (1959–1963) Vocal doo wop group from East Harlem, New York. Active between 1959 and 1964. The original members of The Zircons (spelled with a c) included: Jimmy Gerenetski (lead) Neil Colello John Loiacono Ken Pulicine Donald Lewis Their biggest hit was a 1963 cover of \\\"Lonely Way\\\", The Sky-liner's 1959 recording. They followed it up with \\\"Your Way\\\" on Mellomood Record Co. The Zirkons (1964–1967) In 1964, six singers from the Bronx, New York, formed an a cappella (or doo-wop) group. The Zirkons (spelt with k) had the following line-up: Mario Ibañez (lead) Carlos Infante (baritone) Leo Perez (1st tenor) Robert McInerney (2nd tenor) Neal Stuart (Schoenberg) (1st/2nd tenor, falsetto lead) Barry Zakir (baritone/bass) The Zirkons recorded on various record labels, including Old Timer / Cat-Time / Catamount / Amber (as The Zirkons) and on Snowflake Records (as The Zirkons). Their repertory included: 1964: \\\"You Are My Sunshine\\\", \\\"Silver Bells\\\" and \\\"Stormy Weather\\\" [Old Timer Records] 1965: \\\"Blue Moon\\\", \\\"Remember Then\\\", \\\"Unchained Melody\\\", \\\"You Baby You\\\" [Catamount Records] 1966: \\\"One Summer Night\\\", \\\"Lone Stranger\\\" 1967: \\\"Here in My Heart\\\" Other songs included \\\"Come Dance With Me\\\", \\\"Crazy For You\\\", \\\"Glory of Love\\\", \\\"My Own True Love\\\", \\\"Never\\\", \\\"Blue Moon\\\", \\\"Once In A While\\\", \\\"Sincerely\\\", \\\"Smile\\\", \\\"Sunday Kind Of Love\\\", and \\\"The Wind.” References Further reading J. Santiago, Steven J. Dunham, and Jerry Lawson, Capella Street Corner Vocal Groups: A Brief History and Discography of 1960s Singing Groups, Mellow Sound Press (2006), Dr. Anthony J. Grebin & Dr. Matthew M. Schiff, The Complete Book of Doo Wop, Collectables (2006), Doo-wop groups Entertainers from the Bronx Musical groups from New York City\",\n \"title\": \"The Zircons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"71133875\",\n \"text\": \"Look at Love is an album by the Jamaican musician Judy Mowatt, released in 1991. Mowatt supported the album with a North American tour. Production The album was produced by Sly and Robbie and Michael Bennett. After realizing that she could tour successfully without new music to promote, Mowatt took her time thinking about the album and selecting its songs. Many of the songs touch on themes of female equality and empowerment. \\\"Watchdogs\\\" is a cover of the UB40 song. Groovin' is a cover of the Young Rascals song. \\\"Jah Love\\\" is a cover of the Bob Marley song; \\\"Jah Love\\\" is the song that Marley asked the I-Threes to sing at their audition for him. Critical reception The Gazette determined that \\\"there's little to recommend Look at Love unless your tastes are reggae MOR.\\\" The Washington Post noted that, \\\"despite its pop ambitions and the dance hall grooves carved out by producers Sly Dunbar and Robbie Shakespeare, there's no mistaking the album's inspirational and feminist bent.\\\" The Chicago Tribune stated that Mowatt \\\"never loses sight of the classic reggae sound or its concern for socially conscious messages.\\\" The Star Tribune thought that the album \\\"finds her moving closer to a pop sound.\\\" The St. Louis Post-Dispatch concluded that the album \\\"presses Mowatt's search for a fusion between reggae and contemporary American black music... She uses heavily electronic percussion beats with a pervasive undercurrent of hip-hop.\\\" AllMusic wrote: \\\"Breezy seems a word tailor-made for Judy Mowatt, and her sweet vocals, bouncy delivery, and bright as sunshine optimism make Look at Love an upbeat charmer.\\\" Track listing References Judy Mowatt albums 1991 albums Shanachie Records albums\",\n \"title\": \"Look at Love\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17658533\",\n \"text\": \"United We Stand is the debut album by The Brotherhood of Man. It was released in 1970 on Deram. Background Songwriter and producer Tony Hiller formed The Brotherhood of Man in 1969 from a selection of session-singers and songwriters. Originally a five-member group (although they became a quartet soon after), they began recording and writing together with the resultant first single \\\"Love One Another\\\" being released late in the year. The single failed to chart anywhere, but early in 1970, the second single \\\"United We Stand\\\" became a major hit worldwide. Encouraged by this, the group, with Hiller as producer, began putting together an album. Along with a third single, the hit \\\"Where are You Going to My Love\\\", United We Stand was released. Despite the last two singles charting in the UK, the album met with little British success when it was released in August. In the US (released two months earlier), the album reached a peak of #168, spending eight weeks on the Billboard Hot 200. The style of songs on this album was very much of its time, with an overall optimistic slant to the lyrics and sound – later reviewers commenting on its \\\"hippy vibe\\\". Many of the tracks from this album were later released on a compilation CD also titled United We Stand in 1998. In February 2008, the album with its original track listing order and cover was released on CD for the first time. Added to this however were 13 bonus tracks, giving it the feel of a compilation. Some of these bonus tracks were actually by the group's female members as the duo Sue and Sunny. Track listing Side one \\\"Love Is a Good Foundation\\\" (Ralph Murphy) – 2:48 \\\"Say a Prayer\\\" (Peter Simons, Tony Hiller) – 3:11 \\\"A Little Bit of Heaven\\\" (Simons, Hiller) – 2:35 \\\"For the Rest of Our Lives\\\" (Chris Arnold, David Martin, Geoff Morrow, John Goodison, Hiller) – 3:09 \\\"Sing in the Sunshine\\\" (Hiller, Goodison) – 2:07 \\\"Where Are You Going to My Love\\\" (Billy Day, Mike Leslie, Goodison, Hiller) – 3:20 Side two \\\"For Old Times Sake\\\" (Tony Waddington, Wayne Bickerton) – 3:00 \\\"Living in the Land of Love\\\" (Tony Burrows, Goodison, Hiller) – 3:19 \\\"Too Many Heartaches\\\" (Simons, Hiller) – 3:22 \\\"Love One Another\\\" (Simons, Hiller) – 3:41 \\\"United We Stand\\\" (Simons, Hiller) – 2:52 2008 CD re-issue bonus tracks \\\"This Boy\\\" \\\"You Can Depend on Me\\\" \\\"Ain't That Tellin' You People\\\" \\\"Didn't I Blow Your Mind\\\" \\\"Reach out Your Hand\\\" \\\"A Better Tomorrow\\\" \\\"Freedom\\\" \\\"Break Up\\\" \\\"You and I\\\" \\\"California Sunday Morning\\\" \\\"Do Your Thing\\\" \\\"I'm Gonna Make You Love Me\\\" \\\"High on the Thought of You\\\" Personnel Tony Burrows – vocals Sue Glover – vocals Sunny Leslie – vocals John Goodison – vocals Roger Greenaway – vocals Tony Hiller – producer Cy Payne – Musical Director Terry Johnson – Engineer Stephen Brown – Assistant engineer H. Ghia – Cover artwork Ira Howard, Tony Blackburn – Original sleeve notes References 1970 debut albums Brotherhood\",\n \"title\": \"United We Stand (Brotherhood of Man album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9418110\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Sunshine\\\" is a song by Australian singer Ricki-Lee Coulter from her self-titled debut album, Ricki-Lee (2005). It was released both physically and digitally on 26 September 2005, as the second single from the album. \\\"Sunshine\\\" peaked at number eight on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of 35,000 copies. The music video for the song was directed by Bart Borghesi. Background and release \\\"Sunshine\\\" was written by Kara DioGuardi, Lukas Burton, Zukhan Bey, Norman Johnson, Gregory Perry, Ricki-Lee Coulter and Jarrad Rogers. It was co-produced by Rogers and Burton. In an interview with The Age, Coulter said \\\"Sunshine\\\" is a \\\"happy and in love song\\\" with a motown feel. \\\"Sunshine\\\" contains elements of the 1971 song \\\"Want Ads\\\" by American R&B girl group Honey Cone. Coulter said the sample gives the song \\\"that happy 70s feel\\\". \\\"Sunshine\\\" was released as a CD single and digital extended play (EP) on 26 September 2005, as the second single from Coulter's self-titled debut album, Ricki-Lee. \\\"Sunshine\\\" debuted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 14 on 3 October 2005. It peaked at number eight in its fourth week on the chart. \\\"Sunshine\\\" was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of 35,000 copies. Music video The music video for \\\"Sunshine\\\" was directed by Bart Borghesi and filmed in Melbourne. It features Coulter singing in a house, which is 3D animated, surrounded by animated spotlights. Track listing CD single and digital EP \\\"Sunshine\\\" – 3:02 \\\"Gotta Know\\\" – 3:27 \\\"Sunshine\\\" (instrumental) – 3:02 Credits and personnel Credits are adapted from the liner notes of Ricki-Lee: The Singles. Locations Mixed at Sing Sing Studios Mastered at Crystal Mastering Personnel Songwriting – Kara DioGuardi, Lukas Burton, Zukhan Bey, Norman Johnson, Gregory Perry, Ricki-Lee Coulter, Jarrad Rogers Production – Jarrad Rogers, Lukas Burton Additional vocals – Kushy Mixing – Andy Baldwin Mastering – John Ruberto Charts Weekly chart Year-end charts Certifications Release history References 2005 songs 2005 singles Ricki-Lee Coulter songs Shock Records singles Songs written by Kara DioGuardi Songs written by Jarrad Rogers Songs written by Lukas Burton Songs written by Ricki-Lee Coulter\",\n \"title\": \"Sunshine (Ricki-Lee Coulter song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2193860\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Wayne Watford (July 20, 1959 – January 26, 2024) was an American dance music singer, who was born in Virginia and raised in New Jersey. He was best known for his gospel-influenced vocals on house records throughout the 1990s and 2000s. Biography Watford was born in Suffolk, Virginia, on July 20, 1959, and was raised in Newark, New Jersey. His mother was a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church and a gospel singer, and Watford's early musical experiences came from singing in church. Watford's first single, \\\"Holdin' On\\\", was released in 1991. Four of his singles charted on the United States Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in the mid-1990s, including \\\"So into You\\\" which hit number one in 1994. The same track peaked at No. 53 on the UK Singles Chart. Watford's career faltered after 1995, when he was dropped by his label, East West Records, amid administrative turnover. He withdrew from his performing career in the years afterward, running karaoke bars in Newark before a stint working at a welfare office, though he harbored interest in returning to music. Watford died from dementia at a hospital in Newark on January 26, 2024, at the age of 64. Discography Albums Michael Watford (1994, East West America/Atlantic) Singles \\\"Holdin' On\\\" (1991, Atlantic) \\\"Luv 4-2\\\" (1993, EastWest Records America) \\\"Happy Man\\\" (1994, EastWest) \\\"Love to the World\\\" (1994, EastWest) \\\"So into You\\\" (1994, EastWest) - UK No. 53 Love to the World\\\"/\\\"Michael's Prayer\\\" (1994, EastWest) \\\"Come Together\\\" - Michael Watford & Robert Owens (1995, Hard Times) - UK No. 94 \\\"Love Change Over\\\" (1995, Hard Times) - UK No. 86 \\\"Say Something\\\" (1996, Free Bass) \\\"Sunshine\\\" - GTS feat. Michael Watford (1996, Artimage Vinyls) \\\"Return Your Love to Me\\\" (1996, Music Station) \\\"Mighty Love\\\" (1996, Music Station) \\\"You Got It\\\" - Deep Bros. feat. Michael Watford (1997, Azuli Records) \\\"For Your Love\\\" (1997, Free Bass) \\\"I'm Coming Home\\\" - Vice Versa feat. Michael Watford (1997, Azuli) \\\"Heaven Is Calling You\\\" (1997, Ulterior Records) \\\"As\\\" (1998, Soundmen On Wax) \\\"For You\\\" - Jamie Lewis feat. Michael Watford (1999, Purple Music) \\\"Reach On Up\\\" (with Tuff Jam) (1999, Locked On) \\\"Understand Me\\\" - I-D feat. Michael Watford(1999, Hole) \\\"Watcha Gonna Do\\\" - Jon Cutler & Michael Watford (2005, MN2S) \\\"It's Over\\\" - Jamie Lewis & Michael Watford (2006, Purple Music) \\\"One More Time\\\" - John Made vs Michael Watford (2006, Dream Beat) See also List of number-one dance hits (United States) List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart References External links 1959 births 2024 deaths Singers from Newark, New Jersey 20th-century African-American male singers 20th-century American male singers 20th-century American singers American house musicians Locked On Records artists Deaths from dementia in New Jersey\",\n \"title\": \"Michael Watford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"33295518\",\n \"text\": \"Steppin' Out is a 1976 album containing the works of Neil Sedaka. In America it was the third and final album of a trilogy of albums issued by The Rocket Record Company. (Rocket would issue a compilation album, Neil Sedaka's Greatest Hits, in 1977; but it contained no new material.) Outside America Steppin' Out was issued on the Polydor label. In 1998, the Varèse Sarabande label reissued Steppin' Out and included four bonus tracks. The title track, a #36 hit in the U.S., featured backing vocals by Sedaka's labelmate, Elton John. Track listing Side One \\\"Sing Me\\\" \\\"You Gotta Make Your Own Sunshine\\\" \\\"No. 1 with a Heartache\\\" \\\"Steppin' Out\\\" \\\"Love in the Shadows\\\" \\\"Cardboard California\\\" Side Two \\\"Here We Are Falling In Love Again\\\" \\\"I Let You Walk Away\\\" \\\"Good Times, Good Music, Good Friends\\\" \\\"Perfect Strangers\\\" \\\"Bad and Beautiful\\\" \\\"Summer Nights\\\" Singles and EPs Many of the songs on this album were released on 45 rpm singles; some were even included on a 33-1/3 rpm EP album in the UK. Those songs that saw such a release are as follows: \\\"Love in the Shadows\\\" (No. 16 on US pop charts in 1976) \\\"Steppin' Out\\\" (No. 36 on US pop charts in 1976) \\\"I Let You Walk Away\\\" (B-side of \\\"Steppin' Out\\\") \\\"No. 1 With A Heartache\\\" (issued as a 45 rpm single in the UK on Polydor label; not issued on a 45 in the US) \\\"Good Times, Good Music, Good Friends\\\" (B-side of \\\"No. 1 With A Heartache\\\" in the UK) \\\"You Gotta Make Your Own Sunshine\\\" (No. 52 on US pop charts in late 1976-early 1977) \\\"Perfect Strangers\\\" (B-side of \\\"You Gotta Make Your Own Sunshine\\\") In 1976, Polydor issued an EP in the UK entitled, \\\"Make Your Own Sunshine\\\". This EP included \\\"You Gotta Make Your Own Sunshine\\\" and \\\"Summer Nights\\\" along with \\\"Tit For Tat\\\" and \\\"New York City Blues\\\", two songs from earlier Neil Sedaka albums. Varese Sarabande re-release In 1998, Varèse Sarabande reissued Steppin' Out and included the following bonus tracks: (13) \\\"(Baby) Don't Let It Mess Your Mind\\\" (B-side of \\\"Love in the Shadows\\\" in the US) (14) \\\"Time Waits For No One\\\" (it is unknown when this song was recorded) (15) \\\"(Is This the Way to) Amarillo\\\" (from the Elektra album A Song; No. 44 on US pop charts in 1977) (16) \\\"Should've Never Let You Go\\\" (duet with daughter Dara Sedaka; from the Elektra album In the Pocket; No. 19 on US pop charts in 1980) Notes The songs \\\"Sing Me\\\" and \\\"Cardboard California\\\" were new versions of songs that Sedaka had originally recorded in 1971 for the RCA album Emergence The bonus song \\\"(Baby) Don't Let It Mess Your Mind\\\" was a new version of a song that had originally been recorded in 1972 for the RCA album Solitaire \\\"Sing Me\\\" was covered by other artists such as Lou Christie and Helen Reddy, while \\\"Baby, Don't Let It Mess Your Mind\\\" has been covered by other artists, including\",\n \"title\": \"Steppin' Out (Neil Sedaka album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"44338402\",\n \"text\": \"Mr. Johnson, Your Room is on Fire is a 2005 Andreas Johnson studio album. In 2006, the album was rereleased, including the song \\\"Sing for Me\\\". Track listing Fools Like Us Show Me XXXX Sunshine of Mine Caravan Life Is How Big Is America Drop in the Ocean Not Afraid Exit New York What If Nobody Told Me (Such a Fool) Still My World Mr. Johnson, Your Room is on Fire, 2 Sing for Me Fools Like Us Show Me XXXX Sunshine of Mine Caravan Life Is How Big Is America Drop in the Ocean Not Afraid Exit New York What If Nobody Told Me (Such a Fool) Still My World Sing for Me (acoustic demo version) Contributors Andreas Johnson - vocals Peter Kvint - producer, guitar, bass, keyboard, melodica, pedal steel, vibraphone, organ, percussion Jerker Odelholm - bass Johan Lindström - guitar, piano, pedal steel Andreas Dahlbäck - drums, percussion Charts References External links 2005 albums Andreas Johnson albums\",\n \"title\": \"Mr. Johnson, Your Room is on Fire\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"76197705\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Imperfect for You\\\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Ariana Grande, taken from her seventh studio album, Eternal Sunshine (2024). It was released alongside the album on March 8, 2024, through Republic Records. The song with written and produced by Grande, Max Martin, and Ilya Salmanzadeh, with Peter Kahm receiving writing credits. An acoustic version was released on March 10, 2024, as part of the \\\"Slightly Deluxe\\\" edition of Eternal Sunshine. Music and lyrics \\\"Imperfect for You\\\" runs for a total duration of three minutes and two seconds. As the twelfth track on the album, Grande told Zane Lowe in an interview that \\\"Imperfect for You\\\" was an ode to friends, family, and loved ones who are \\\"accepting and real\\\", and that it was an important song which \\\"demands room for nuance and humanness.\\\" The song has been described as alternative rock, as well as a ballad. In an interview with Zach Sang, Grande mentioned how the song was the last to be finished, deeming it one of her own favorites from the album. Grande sings about accepting the imperfections of a relationship, which is described as a love story eventually becoming a \\\"happy disaster\\\" by Billboard. Live performance \\\"Imperfect for You\\\" was performed live for the first time on March 9, 2024, during an episode of Saturday Night Live with her mother Joan introducing the performance, alongside Eternal Sunshines second single, \\\"We Can't Be Friends (Wait for Your Love)\\\". Credits and personnel Recording Mixed at Mixstar Studios (Virginia Beach) Mastered at Sterling Sound (New York City) Personnel Ariana Grande – vocals, lyrics, composition, production Max Martin – lyrics, production, composition, guitar, drums, keyboards, bass, programming, background vocals Ilya Salmanzadeh – production, composition, guitar, drums, keyboards, bass, programming, background vocals Peter Kahm – composition Sam Holland – engineering Lou Carrao – engineering Eric Eylands – engineering assistance Rob Sellens – engineering assistance Randy Merrill – mastering Serban Ghenea – mixing Bryce Bordone – mixing assistance Charts References 2024 songs Ariana Grande songs\",\n \"title\": \"Imperfect for You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13783578\",\n \"text\": \"The Fun Sessions is the 8th studio album by Dread Zeppelin, and the first made with Imago Records. It is described as “Tortelvis sings the classics”, where “classics” are songs from the late-1960s and early-1970s particularly loved by the band. The album title is a wordplay on Elvis's The Sun Sessions. This album brings the band away from Led Zeppelin covers, like they did with It's Not Unusual, which was criticized by many fans because of its disco style and Tortelvis was not singing on it. At the time of release, Dread Zeppelin had covered most of Led Zeppelin's successful songs; they have now produced more albums than the band they mostly cover. Only two of the original band members, Tortelvis and Butt Boy, are still in the band for this album. Unlike all previous albums, this album was not produced by Jah Paul Jo. Most of the original band members do make \\\"special guest appearance\\\" (Carl Jah on guitar, Rasta-mon and Ed Zeppelin on vocal). Track listing \\\"Baba O'Riley\\\" (Townshend) - 4:04 \\\"Sunshine of Your Love\\\" (Brown, Bruce, Clapton) - 5:41 \\\"Born on the Bayou\\\" (Fogerty) - 4:20 \\\"Light My Fire\\\" (The Doors) - 4:28 \\\"Smoke on the Water\\\" (Blackmore, Gillan, Glover, Paice, Lord) - 5:17 \\\"Freebird\\\" (Collins, VanZant, Dutchess) - 6:09 \\\"Feel Like Making Love\\\" (Paul Rodgers, Mick Ralphs) - 4:19 \\\"BBWAGS\\\" (Putman, Tortell, Johnson, Burke, Boerin) - 3:58 \\\"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes\\\" (Stephen Stills) - 7:06 \\\"Golden Slumbers, Carry That Weight, The End\\\" (Lennon, McCartney) - 5:31 Band members Tortelvis: lead vocal Butt Boy: six-string and pedal pusher Fuzzy Buzzman: bass Spice: drums Fernandez: percussion and vocals Notes Dread Zeppelin albums 1996 albums\",\n \"title\": \"The Fun Sessions\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"39851083\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Alice Everyday\\\" is the eighth single released by the American synth-pop band Book of Love. The song was released prior to the band's third album, 1991's Candy Carol, as the first single. \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" was released to radio in the fall of 1990 and features sing-song lyrics and a refrain consisting of a laundry list of girls' names. In the dance clubs, the song was a moderate hit, and made it to no. 21 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, spending nine weeks on the chart. The track was remixed for the 12\\\" single and CD single into three different remixes by Ben Grosse, and was released in stores on Jan. 18, 1991. All three remixes were also edited down into single mixes and released on the promo CD. \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Sam The Butcher Mix) contains samples from The Brady Bunch TV series, a drumbeat sample from Nitzer Ebb's \\\"Let Your Body Learn\\\", and other industrial music samples. Also appearing on the single are the album version of title track \\\"Candy Carol\\\" and a 1990 remix by Ben Grosse of \\\"With A Little Love\\\", a song originally on the band's previous album, 1988's Lullaby. A promotional video was shot and released for \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" by director Rocky Schenck. There are two versions of the video; one that uses the album version of \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" and the other, the 'Everyday-Glo Mix' version of the song. The video emulates the Candy Carol album cover, with the band dancing and performing inside of snow globes and wearing outfits similar to the album cover. Track listings 1990 12\\\" Maxi-Single (Sire Records 9 21767-0) Side A: \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Everyday-Glo Mix) - 6:45 \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Sunshine Day Mix) - 7:33 \\\"With A Little Love\\\" (1990 Version) - 3:17 Side B: \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Sam The Butcher Mix) - 7:16 \\\"Candy Carol\\\" (Album Version) - 3:11 1990 CD Maxi-Single (Sire Records 9 21767-2) \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Album Version) - 3:40 \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Everyday-Glo Mix) - 6:45 \\\"With A Little Love\\\" (1990 Version) - 3:17 \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Sam The Butcher Mix) - 7:16 \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Sunshine Day Mix) - 7:33 \\\"Candy Carol\\\" (Album Version) - 3:11 1990 Promo CD Single (Sire Records PRO-CD-4479) \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Album Version) - 3:41 \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Everyday-Glo Single Mix) - 4:06 \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Sam The Butcher Single Mix) - 3:59 \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" (Sunshine Day Single Mix) - 4:04 Personnel \\\"Alice Everyday\\\" and \\\"Candy Carol\\\" written by Theodore Ottaviano. All instruments arranged, programmed, and performed by Book of Love. Susan Ottaviano - Lead vocals Ted Ottaviano - Keyboards, backing vocals Lauren Roselli - Keyboards, backing vocals Jade Lee - Keyboards, backing vocals Credits Produced by Ted Ottaviano and Ben Grosse. Remix and Postproduction on 'Everyday-Glo Mix', 'Sam The Butcher Mix', 'Sunshine Day Mix' and single remix versions by Ben Grosse. Programming on 'Everyday-Glo Mix', 'Sam The Butcher Mix', 'Sunshine Day Mix' and single remix versions by Ben Grosse, John Vitale, David Klinger, Mark Bass. Assistant Engineers on 'Everyday-Glo Mix', 'Sam The Butcher Mix', 'Sunshine Day\",\n \"title\": \"Alice Everyday\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"32469801\",\n \"text\": \"Up the Junction is the first soundtrack and fourth studio album by Manfred Mann, consisting of songs written by Mann and Mike Hugg for the 1968 film of the same name. The album was released on 16 March 1968 on Fontana Records (TL/STL 546023/2/68). Track listing Side one \\\"Up the Junction\\\" vocal (Mike Hugg, Manfred Mann) – 4:38 \\\"Sing Songs of Love\\\" (Mick Gill, Hugg, Mann) – 2:01 \\\"Walking Round\\\" (Hugg) – 2:17 \\\"Up the Junction\\\" instrumental (Hugg) – 1:12 \\\"Love Theme\\\" instrumental (Hugg, Mann) – 2:15 \\\"Up the Junction\\\" vocal and instrumental (Hugg) – 1:48 Side two \\\"Just for Me\\\" (Hugg) – 2:26 \\\"Love Theme\\\" instrumental (Hugg, Mann) – 2:03 \\\"Sheila's Dance\\\" (Hugg, Mann) – 2:04 \\\"Belgravia\\\" (Hugg, Mann) – 2:46 \\\"Wailing Horn\\\" (Hugg, Mann) – 2:24 \\\"I Need Your Love\\\" (Hugg) – 1:41 \\\"Up the Junction\\\" vocal (Hugg) – 2:15 2004 CD bonus tracks \\\"Eastern Street\\\" (Peter Cowap) - 2:28 \\\"Mohair Sam\\\" (Dallas Frazier) - 3:16 \\\"Love Bird\\\" - 3:03 \\\"Brown and Porters (Meat Exporters)\\\" (Geoff Stephens, John Carter) - 2:31 \\\"I Love You\\\" - 2:48 \\\"I Think It's Going to Rain Today\\\" (Randy Newman) - 3:30 \\\"Budgie\\\" (Mike d'Abo) - 2:38 \\\"Sitting Alone in the Sunshine\\\" - 2:24 \\\"Please Mrs. Henry\\\" (Bob Dylan) - 3:09 All tracks previously released on the 1997 compilation Ascent of Mann. References Manfred Mann albums Drama film soundtracks 1968 soundtrack albums Albums produced by Shel Talmy Fontana Records soundtracks Single-artist film soundtracks\",\n \"title\": \"Up the Junction (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"216073\",\n \"text\": \"KC and the Sunshine Band is an American disco and funk band that was founded in 1973 in Hialeah, Florida. Their best-known songs include the hits \\\"Get Down Tonight\\\", \\\"That's the Way (I Like It)\\\", \\\"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\\\", \\\"I'm Your Boogie Man\\\", \\\"Keep It Comin' Love\\\", \\\"Boogie Shoes\\\", \\\"Please Don't Go\\\", and \\\"Give It Up\\\". The band took its name from lead vocalist Harry Wayne Casey's last name ('KC') and the 'Sunshine Band' from KC's home state of Florida, the Sunshine State. The group had five number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the 1970s. History 1970s The band was formed in 1973 by Harry Wayne Casey (KC) and Richard Finch. Casey was a record store employee and part-timer at TK Records in Hialeah, Florida The band was originally called KC & The Sunshine Junkanoo Band because KC used studio musicians from TK and a local Junkanoo band called the Miami Junkanoo Band. Meantime, bassist Richard Finch had been engineering records for TK, which is how the Casey-Finch musical collaboration began. They were soon joined by guitarist Jerome Smith and drummer Robert Johnson, both TK studio musicians. The first few songs, \\\"Blow Your Whistle\\\" (September 1973) and \\\"Sound Your Funky Horn\\\" (February 1974), were released as singles, and did well enough on the U.S. R&B chart and overseas that TK wanted a follow-up single and album. In the meantime, while working on demos for KC & the Sunshine Band, the song \\\"Rock Your Baby\\\" (George McCrae) was created. Written by Casey and Finch, it featured Smith on guitar and became a number one hit in 51 countries in mid-1974. The band's \\\"Queen of Clubs\\\", which featured uncredited vocals by McCrae, was a hit in the UK, peaking at number 7, and they went on a tour there in 1975. KC and other band members were frequent guests on WHYI-FM, branded as Y-100, one of southeast Florida's more powerful FM pop stations, that covered Dade and Broward Counties and beyond. This gave the band significant hometown exposure, during the rise of the disco genre in one of the music's epicenters. With the release of the self-titled second album KC and the Sunshine Band in 1975 came the group's first major U.S. hit with \\\"Get Down Tonight\\\". It topped the R&B chart in April and hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in August. \\\"That's the Way (I Like It)\\\" also became a number one hit in November 1975 and the group received four nominations and one win at the 1976 Grammy Awards. The 1976 album Part 3 yielded two number one singles: \\\"I'm Your Boogie Man\\\" and \\\"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\\\". Another hit, \\\"Keep It Comin' Love\\\"(1977), peaked at number two. Their success lasted until the fifth album from 1979; their last chart topping hit was \\\"Please Don't Go\\\", hitting number one for one week in January 1980, and becoming the first number one hit of the 1980s. With the explosion of\",\n \"title\": \"KC and the Sunshine Band\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"24633954\",\n \"text\": \"Acoustic – Friends & Total Strangers is both a live acoustic album and a music DVD by Canadian rock band The Trews. The CD is the fifth commercial album and second live album by the band. The DVD is the first from the band. Both were released October 6, 2009 on Bumstead Records. It was recorded January 30–31, 2009 at the Glenn Gould Studio in Toronto. CD track listing \\\"Poor Ol' Broken Hearted Me\\\" – 4:14 (originally from Den of Thieves) \\\"Den of Thieves\\\" – 3:57 (Den of Thieves) \\\"The Traveling Kind\\\" – 3:14 (Den of Thieves) \\\"When You Leave\\\" – 4:14 (House of Ill Fame) \\\"I Can't Stop Laughing\\\" – 3:57 (No Time for Later) \\\"Locked Doors\\\" – 3:59 (Never released on an album) \\\"Fleeting Trust\\\" – 3:21 (House of Ill Fame) \\\"Gun Control\\\" – 4:03 (No Time for Later) \\\"Tired of Waiting\\\" – 4:18 (House of Ill Fame) \\\"The Love You Save\\\" – 3:59 (cover of the 1966 Joe Tex song \\\"The Love You Save (May Be Your Own)\\\") \\\"Sing Your Heart Out\\\" – 5:24 (Never released on an album) \\\"Man of Two Minds\\\" – 4:36 (No Time for Later) \\\"Ishmael and Maggie\\\" – 4:40 (Den of Thieves) \\\"So She's Leaving\\\" – 3:31 (Den of Thieves) \\\"Hold Me in Your Arms\\\" – 3:35 (No Time for Later) DVD track listing A DVD was also released by the band, which was recorded concurrently with the CD. \\\"Poor Ol' Broken Hearted Me\\\" \\\"Paranoid Freak\\\" \\\"Den of Thieves\\\" \\\"Yearning\\\" \\\"The Travelling Kind\\\" \\\"When You Leave\\\" \\\"I Can't Stop Laughing\\\" \\\"Locked Doors\\\" \\\"Hollis & Morris\\\" \\\"Fleeting Trust\\\" \\\"Gun Control\\\" \\\"Montebello Park\\\" \\\"Tired of Waiting\\\" \\\"The Love You Save\\\" \\\"Sing Your Heart Out\\\" \\\"Man Of Two Minds\\\" \\\"Ishmael & Maggie\\\" \\\"So She’s Leaving\\\" \\\"Hold Me In Your Arms\\\" \\\"You’re So Sober\\\" \\\"The Pearl\\\" \\\"How’s Everything?\\\" \\\"Served My Time\\\" Deluxe Edition track listing On November 27, 2015, a deluxe edition was announced with a re-release of the songs from the original album, but including four new songs that were not included on the original album or the DVD. \\\"Poor Ol' Broken Hearted Me\\\" \\\"Den Of Thieves\\\" \\\"The Travelling Kind\\\" \\\"When You Leave\\\" \\\"I Can't Stop Laughing\\\" \\\"Locked Doors\\\" \\\"Fleeting Trust\\\" \\\"Gun Control\\\" \\\"Tired Of Waiting\\\" \\\"The Love You Save\\\" \\\"Sing Your Heart Out\\\" \\\"Man Of Two Minds\\\" \\\"Ishmael & Maggie\\\" \\\"So She’s Leaving\\\" \\\"Hold Me In Your Arms\\\" \\\"Every Inambition\\\" \\\"Makin' Sunshine\\\" \\\"No Time For Later\\\" \\\"Not Ready To Go\\\" Personnel Colin MacDonald – lead vocals, guitar, harmonica John-Angus MacDonald – lead guitar, vocals, bouzouki Jack Syperek – bass, vocals Sean Dalton – percussion, vocals Jeff Heisholt – accordion References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20110717035955/http://www.thetrewsmusic.com/%E2%80%93 The Official Website of The Trews The Trews albums 2009 live albums\",\n \"title\": \"Acoustic – Friends & Total Strangers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"25235095\",\n \"text\": \"20 Golden Greats is a 1977 compilation album by Diana Ross & the Supremes, released on the Motown label in the United Kingdom. The release spent seven weeks at number one on the UK Albums Chart, selling over 1,000,000 copies. Despite the album's title and that Ross & the Supremes had scored 21 UK chart hit singles, the compilation included two tracks that had never been hit singles in the UK: \\\"My World Is Empty Without You\\\" and \\\"Love Is Like an Itching in My Heart\\\", which were top 10 hits on the US Hot 100. All the other 18 tracks had made the UK singles chart. The three other hits scored by the group in partnership with The Temptations, were all excluded. Motown expanded the track list to include hits from The Supremes after Ross left the trio in 1970, also including her solo work up to 1981, for the 1998 40 Golden Motown Greats CD. The same album artwork was used and this collection earned a gold disc for sales exceeding 100,000 copies. Track listing Side one \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" from Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Baby Love\\\" from Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Come See About Me\\\" from Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Stop! In the Name of Love\\\" from More Hits by The Supremes \\\"Back in My Arms Again\\\" from More Hits by The Supremes \\\"I Hear a Symphony\\\" from I Hear a Symphony \\\"My World Is Empty Without You\\\" from I Hear a Symphony \\\"Love Is Like an Itching in My Heart\\\" from The Supremes A' Go-Go \\\"You Can't Hurry Love\\\" from The Supremes A' Go-Go \\\"You Keep Me Hangin' On\\\" from The Supremes Sing Holland-Dozier-Holland Side two \\\"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone\\\" from The Supremes Sing Holland-Dozier-Holland \\\"The Happening\\\" from Greatest Hits \\\"Reflections\\\" from Reflections \\\"In and Out of Love\\\" from Reflections \\\"Forever Came Today\\\" from Reflections \\\"Some Things You Never Get Used To\\\" from Love Child \\\"Love Child\\\" from Love Child \\\"I'm Livin' in Shame\\\" from Let the Sunshine In \\\"No Matter What Sign You Are\\\" from Let the Sunshine In \\\"Someday We'll Be Together\\\" from Cream of the Crop Personnel Diana Ross: lead vocals Mary Wilson: background vocals from \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" through \\\"In and Out of Love\\\" Florence Ballard: background vocals from \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" through \\\"In and Out of Love\\\" The Andantes (Jackie Hicks, Marlene Barrow and Louvain Demps): background vocals on \\\"In and Out of Love\\\" (shared with The Supremes), \\\"Forever Came Today\\\", \\\"Love Child\\\" and \\\"I'm Livin' in Shame\\\" Maxine Waters and Julia Waters: background vocals on \\\"Someday We'll Be Together\\\" Johnny Bristol: male vocal and background vocals on \\\"Someday We'll Be Together\\\" Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson: background vocals on \\\"Some Things You Never Get Used To\\\" The Blackberries (Venetta Fields, Clydie King and Sherlie Matthews): background vocals on \\\"No Matter What Sign You Are\\\" Credits Nick Ashford—Composer Jackey Beavers—Composer Johnny Bristol—Composer Henry Cosby—Composer Frank DeVol—Composer Lamont Dozier—Composer Harvey\",\n \"title\": \"Diana Ross & the Supremes: 20 Golden Greats\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2073711\",\n \"text\": \"Timothy James Rice-Oxley (born 2 June 1976) is an English musician, best known for being the keyboardist, backing vocalist and songwriter of the alternative rock band Keane. In 2010, he formed a side-project, Mt. Desolation, with his Keane bandmate Jesse Quin. Life and career Timothy James Rice-Oxley was born in Oxford to Charles Patrick and Margaret Rice-Oxley. He has a younger brother, Tom, born in 1979. He had piano lessons when he was a teenager but admitted to hating them and never practising pieces because they were all classical music, which he found boring. After his parents stopped his lessons, Rice-Oxley developed a liking for piano and so taught himself how to play, mainly because of the Beatles. Keane Rice-Oxley provides live and studio backing vocals for Keane, except for the studio songs \\\"Sunshine\\\", \\\"This Is the Last Time\\\" (demo version) and \\\"Your Love\\\" where he sings the lead vocals, as well as some Under the Iron Sea DVD and Perfect Symmetry demos. Compositions In 2006, Rice-Oxley co-wrote the songs \\\"Early Winter\\\", and \\\"The Girl Inside\\\" (unreleased) on Gwen Stefani's second solo album, The Sweet Escape. \\\"Early Winter\\\" has been performed by Keane live. The song \\\"Perfect Symmetry\\\" from the album of the same name is considered by Chaplin to be one of the best Rice-Oxley has written. In 2009, he co-wrote the song \\\"Everything Is Beautiful\\\" for Kylie Minogue's eleventh studio album, Aphrodite. Rice-Oxley composed all the songs for the side-project Mt. Desolation with Jesse Quin in 2010. That same year Rice-Oxley provided the main vocal in Keane for the first time on the song \\\"Your Love\\\", which appeared on the experimental EP Night Train. He sang the song live. In 2013, he co-wrote the song \\\"Jump\\\" with Gary Barlow for the latter's solo album, Since I Saw You Last. In 2016 he co-wrote the song \\\"Magnificent Time\\\" by Travis. Mt. Desolation Mt. Desolation is an alt-country side-project that Rice-Oxley formed with bassist Jesse Quin. The band also consists of members of Mumford & Sons, The Killers and The Staves. Mt. Desolation released their self-titled debut album on 18 October 2010. The band toured the UK and Ireland in September 2010 and the US and Canada in October 2010. The band's second album, When the Night Calls, was released on 25 May 2018. It was followed by a short tour of the UK in June 2018. Personal life Rice-Oxley lives in Polegate, East Sussex. He has two daughters, Lilac and Anna. Reportedly, the effects of touring took their toll on Rice-Oxley's marriage to Jayne, and they split up in 2012 after seven years of marriage. Awards Rice-Oxley won an Ivor Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year in May 2005. Discography With Keane Studio albums Hopes and Fears (2004) Under the Iron Sea (2006) Perfect Symmetry (2008) Strangeland (2012) Cause and Effect (2019) EPs Retrospective EP1 (2008) Night Train (2010) Retrospective EP2 (2010) Retroactive – EP1 (2019) Compilations album The Best of Keane (2013) With Mt. Desolation Studio albums\",\n \"title\": \"Tim Rice-Oxley\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1680716\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Medley: Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (The Flesh Failures)\\\" (commonly called \\\"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In\\\", \\\"The Age of Aquarius\\\" or \\\"Let the Sunshine In\\\") is a medley of two songs written for the 1967 musical Hair by James Rado and Gerome Ragni (lyrics), and Galt MacDermot (music), released as a single by American R&B group the 5th Dimension. The song spent six weeks at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart in the spring of 1969 and was eventually certified platinum in the US by the RIAA. Instrumental backing was written by Bill Holman and provided by session musicians commonly known as the Wrecking Crew. The actual recording was novel at the time, being recorded in two cities, Los Angeles and Las Vegas, and being mixed down to a final version later. The song is listed at number 66 on Billboards \\\"Greatest Songs of All Time\\\". History The recording was led by veteran American producer and engineer Bones Howe, who had previously worked with the 5th Dimension as well as the Mamas & the Papas and Elvis Presley. As Howe tells it, the recording can be traced to an incident in which 5th Dimension lead singer Billy Davis Jr. left his wallet in a New York City cab; the man who found the wallet was involved in the production of Hair and invited the group to see the show: \\\"After they'd seen it I received a phone call in which they were all talking over one another, saying 'We've got to cut this song \\\"Aquarius\\\". It's the best thing ever.'\\\" Howe was skeptical (\\\"This isn't a complete song. It's an introduction.\\\"), but after seeing the show on stage got the idea to create a medley with another musical moment from the show, a few bars from the song \\\"The Flesh Failures\\\" that consist of the repeated words \\\"let the sunshine in.\\\" Although the two song fragments are in different keys and tempos, Howe resolved to \\\"jam them together like two trains.\\\" The instrumental track was set to tape at Wally Heider's Studio 3 in Hollywood by the Wrecking Crew members including Hal Blaine on drums, Joe Osborn on bass, Larry Knechtel on keyboards, Tommy Tedesco and Dennis Budimir on guitars and Tony Terran on trumpet. It also featured strings, winds, and brass instrumentations. However, the vocals were recorded separately in Las Vegas, where the 5th Dimension was performing at the time, using only two microphones for the five singers. Davis' solo during \\\"Let the Sunshine In\\\" was improvised during the session; songwriter Jimmy Webb, who happened into the studio during the recording, remarked to Howe, \\\"My God, that's a number one record.\\\" Among the counterpoint phrases sung by Davis are: \\\"Oh, let it shine\\\", \\\"Open up your heart\\\", \\\"You got to feel it\\\" and \\\"I want you to sing along with the 5th Dimension\\\". This song was one of the most popular songs of 1969 worldwide, and in the United States it reached the number one position\",\n \"title\": \"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6455193\",\n \"text\": \"Floy Joy is the twenty-fifth studio album released by The Supremes on the Motown label. This was the only Supremes album solely produced and arranged by Smokey Robinson and included the U.S. top 20 hit, \\\"Floy Joy\\\" and the U.S. top 40 hit, \\\"Automatically Sunshine\\\", both of which were top 10 hits in the U.K. Overview Following the aborted album Promises Kept, Motown handed-over production duties for the Supremes to in-house songwriter, producer, artist, and company vice-president William \\\"Smokey\\\" Robinson. At this time the group included original Supreme Mary Wilson, Cindy Birdsong, and Jean Terrell. Appearing on the album cover alongside Terrell and Wilson was new member Lynda Laurence, brought in to replace Cindy Birdsong, who was noticeably pregnant at the time of the photo shoot. Despite appearing on the album cover, Laurence's vocals are not on the album. Floy Joy marks for the first time that Mary Wilson had several leads on an album. Wilson takes solo lead on the ballad \\\"A Heart Like Mine.\\\" Wilson and Terrell trade-off lead vocals on \\\"Floy Joy\\\" and \\\"Automatically Sunshine\\\", whilst Terrell has sole lead on the album's third single, \\\"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love\\\". Cindy Birdsong provides a rare co-lead vocal on \\\"Now the Bitter, Now the Sweet\\\" and a spoken passage in \\\"The Wisdom of Time\\\". The \\\"Floy Joy\\\" single was the Supremes' final Top 20 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching as high as #9 in the UK. Its follow-ups, \\\"Automatically Sunshine\\\" and \\\"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love\\\" were not as successful, with \\\"Automatically Sunshine\\\" peaking at 37 on the Billboard Hot 100, 21 on the Top Soul Singles and being the group's final Top 10 hit in the U.K. (#10, the fifth in little over two years for the post-Ross line-up), and \\\"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love\\\" peaking at 59 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 21 on the Top Soul Singles, and missing the UK Charts altogether. Mary Wilson praised Robinson in her second auto-biography \\\"Supreme Faith\\\" for finding a good vocal blend between she, Terrell and Birdsong. However, on the back cover of the album, Robinson listed Motown's in-house backing vocalists The Andantes for contributing to the set. In fact, the Andantes are audible in the background vocals partially or in full on all but one track, Precious Little Things, which only features Wilson and Birdsong behind Terrell. Track listing Side one Superscripts denote lead singers for each track: (a) Jean Terrell, (b) Mary Wilson, (c) Cindy Birdsong. \\\"Your Wonderful, Sweet Sweet Love\\\" (Smokey Robinson)a \\\"Floy Joy\\\" (Robinson)a, b \\\"A Heart Like Mine\\\" (Robinson, Ronald White)b \\\"Over and Over\\\" (Robinson)a \\\"Precious Little Things\\\" (Robinson, Marvin Tarplin, Pam Moffett)a Side two \\\"Now the Bitter, Now the Sweet\\\" (Robinson, Cecil Franklin)a,b,c \\\"Automatically Sunshine\\\" (Robinson)a, b \\\"The Wisdom of Time\\\" (Robinson, Moffett, Clifford Burston)a, c \\\"Oh Be My Love\\\" (Robinson, Warren Moore)a Personnel Jean Terrell, Mary Wilson, & Cindy Birdsong - lead vocals and background vocals The Andantes (Louvain Demps, Jackie Hicks, Marlene Barrow) - additional background vocals\",\n \"title\": \"Floy Joy (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"46838715\",\n \"text\": \"The Sunshine of Your Youth is the debut album by American indie pop band Cheerleader, released in 2015 by Bright Antenna Records. The album release was supported by a nationwide tour with UK act The Wombats. Critical reception Spin wrote that the album \\\"showcases a series of fizzy, blurry-eyed tracks: 'A Million Ways' combines dream-rock guitar riffs with sugary-sweet melodies, while the whimsically synthy 'Dreamer' glides into shoegaze territory with frontman Joe Haller’s lo-fi vocals at the forefront.\\\" The Saratogian wrote that \\\"the band stays true to their sunny, optimistic name throughout, delivering a record full of hope, wonder, and undeniable warmth.\\\" Track listing New Daze - 3:31 The Sunshine of Your Youth - 3:28 On Your Side - 4:06 Do What You Want - 3:55 Perfect Vision - 4:12 Haunted Love - 3:50 A Million Ways - 4:04 Dreamer - 3:12 The Quiet Life - 3:48 Little Bird - 3:23 Personnel Produced and mixed by Mark Needham Assistant Engineer: Will Brierre Mastered by Emily Lazar at The Lodge in NYC, assisted by Rich Morales Additional vocals on \\\"On Your Side,\\\" \\\"Perfect Vision,\\\" and \\\"Dreamer\\\" courtesy of Christa Tubach Art Direction & Design: Ryan Penn Band Photo: Carrie Davenport References External links Official Site Band's Official Facebook Band's Official Twitter 2015 debut albums Albums recorded at EastWest Studios\",\n \"title\": \"The Sunshine of Your Youth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"70397401\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Sunshine\\\" is a song by American rapper Latto from her second studio album 777 (2022). It features American rappers Lil Wayne and Childish Gambino. Produced by Ant Clemons, BongoByTheWay, Luke Crowder, and Mike Dean, the song was sent to US rhythmic contemporary radio on April 26, 2022, as the album's fourth single. Background Latto told Apple Music about how the collaboration came about: I still can't even believe that I got them both on the song. I had originally recorded it as a solo song, but I felt like it was bigger than me. I wanted a feature on it. So, I'm thinking out loud. I'm thinking of very \\\"artistic\\\" artists. I want somebody who has a universal sound and someone who can go more in-depth and play on the word \\\"sunshine\\\". Who is the clever rapper? I'm thinking of these names and I'm shooting for the stars. And to my surprise, both of them did the song request, which is like huge, huge, huge. I'm still a new artist. I'm from Atlanta, so Childish is extra special, and I just grew up on Wayne. In an interview with Complex, Latto said that they did not record in the studio together; instead, her team sent the song to her collaborators. She added, \\\"I was pretty much just shooting for the stars, like, 'I hope they can do it. If not, no pressure. I understand.' But they both actually sent verses back, so that was super cool. A Childish Gambino verse is rare as hell anyway, so that was super dope within itself. And then Wayne is just a GOAT, so that's super dope, too. To be stamped by them at this early stage in my career, it meant a lot.\\\" Composition Latto has described the song's musical style as \\\"hood gospel\\\"; in that same interview with Complex, she stated, It's very artistic. It's a fresh sound, fresh topic. It feels good. I personally think this sound on \\\"Sunshine\\\" could be a movie soundtrack, or on a TV show. It just feels so good. I could see it being background music for so many different scenes, and I think it's very commercial. Your grandma can listen to it or your ratchet cousin that stays in the hood. The production of the song contains brass and backing choir vocals. Lyrically, \\\"Sunshine\\\" focuses on the artists' successes as they challenge their enemies. In the chorus, Latto half-sings and half-raps about people who were disloyal to her during her come-up: \\\"Pray for my enemies, Lord, I need clarity / They ain't got empathy for me, they stare at me / They used my couch when they needed the therapy / Took what they needed but never took care of me / They saw a dollar sign, treat me like currency / Kill all they hopes and dreams if they want murder me / Sunshine on me\\\". She continues her verse with a melodic delivery and criticism to her haters, in addition to a triple\",\n \"title\": \"Sunshine (Latto song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"31363973\",\n \"text\": \"The Supremes ('70s): Greatest Hits and Rare Classics is a 1991 compilation album by The Supremes, released on the Motown label. The compilation features a majority of the group's 1970's hits, as well as one solo song by Jean Terrell \\\"I Had To Fall In Love\\\", which was released in 1978 on A&M Records, and two solo tracks by Scherrie Payne, \\\"When I Looked At Your Face\\\" and \\\"Another Life From Now\\\". Three tracks \\\"Everybody's Got the Right to Love\\\" \\\"Floy Joy\\\" and \\\"Automatically Sunshine\\\" also appear in alternate versions. This release did not include the single \\\"Your Wonderful Sweet, Sweet Love\\\" or any of the duet singles the Supremes recorded with The Four Tops. A cassette version was also released with a different track listing and only 19 tracks. Track listing \\\"Up the Ladder to the Roof\\\" – 3:15 taken from the album 'Right On' \\\"Nathan Jones\\\" – 3:02 taken from the album 'Touch' \\\"I Guess I'll Miss the Man\\\" – 2:37 taken from the album 'The Supremes Produced and Arranged by Jimmy Webb' \\\"Stoned Love\\\" – 2:57 taken from the album 'New Ways But Love Stays' \\\"Everybody's Got the Right to Love\\\" – 2:40 taken from the album 'Right On' \\\"Floy Joy\\\" – 2:46 alternate version \\\"Bad Weather\\\" – 3:16 non-album single \\\"Automatically Sunshine\\\" – 3:04 alternate version \\\"Paradise\\\" – 4:20 taken from the album 'Produced And Arranged by Jimmy Webb' \\\"Tossin' and Turnin'\\\" – 3:00 taken from the album 'Produced And Arranged by Jimmy Webb' \\\"Il Voce de Silenzio (Silent Voices)\\\" – 3:40 taken from the album 'Produced And Arranged by Jimmy Webb' \\\"Love Train\\\" – 3:21 non-album track. \\\"I Had to Fall in Love\\\" (Jean Terrell solo) – 3:24 \\\"He's My Man\\\" – 3:02 taken from the album 'The Supremes' \\\"Color My World Blue\\\" – 2:34 taken from the album 'The Supremes' \\\"You Turn Me Around\\\" – 2:34 taken from the album 'The Supremes' \\\"The Sha-La Bandit\\\" – 3:17 non-album track. \\\"This Is Why I Believe in You\\\" – 3:10 taken from the album 'The Supremes' \\\"I'm Gonna Let My Heart Do the Walking\\\" – 3:10 taken from the album 'High Energy' \\\"You're My Driving Wheel\\\" – 3:24 taken from the album 'Mary, Scherrie & Susaye' \\\"When I Looked at Your Face\\\" (Scherrie Payne solo) – 4:12 \\\"Another Life from Now\\\" (Scherrie Payne solo) – 5:46 taken from the album 'Partners' Cassette Tape listing Side 1: \\\"Up the Ladder to the Roof\\\" \\\"Everybody's Got the Right to Love\\\" \\\"Stoned Love\\\" \\\"Nathan Jones\\\" \\\"Touch\\\" \\\"Floy Joy\\\" \\\"Automatically Sunshine\\\" \\\"I Guess I'll Miss the Man\\\" \\\"Bad Weather\\\" \\\"I Had to Fall in Love\\\" Side 2: \\\"It's All Been Said Before\\\" \\\"He's My Man\\\" \\\"Where Do I Go From Here\\\" \\\"I'm Gonna Let My Heart Do the Walking\\\" \\\"High Energy\\\" \\\"You're My Driving Wheel\\\" \\\"Let Yourself Go\\\" \\\"Fly\\\" \\\"When I Looked At Your Face\\\" Personnel Mary Wilson: vocals Cindy Birdsong: vocals Jean Terrell: vocals Scherrie Payne: vocals Lynda Laurence: vocals Susaye Greene: vocals References 1991 compilation albums The Supremes\",\n \"title\": \"The Supremes ('70s): Greatest Hits and Rare Classics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12844628\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Old Devil Moon\\\" is a popular song composed by Burton Lane with lyrics by Yip Harburg for the 1947 musical Finian's Rainbow. It was introduced by Ella Logan and Donald Richards in the Broadway show. The song takes its title from a phrase in \\\"Fun to Be Fooled\\\", a song that Harburg wrote with Harold Arlen and Ira Gershwin for the 1934 musical Life Begins at 8:40. In the 1968 film version, the song was performed by Don Francks and Petula Clark. Notable recordings Margaret Whiting - her single release reached the No. 11 spot in the Billboard charts in 1947. Ella Fitzgerald recorded it live in 1969 on her Sunshine of Your Love album. Gene Krupa and His Orchestra (vocal by Carolyn Grey) - this also reached the Billboard charts briefly in 1947 in the No. 21 position. Charlie Spivak feat. Margaret Manning - (1946) Miles Davis – Blue Haze (1954) Sarah Vaughan - a single release (1954). Mickey Baker (1955) Jack Pleis, His Piano, Orchestra and Chorus – Broadway Goes Hollywood (1955) Bob Dorough - Devil May Care (1956) Frank Sinatra - Songs for Swingin' Lovers (1956) Jay Jay Johnson - Jay (1956) Andrew Hill Trio – So in Love (1956) Morton Gould & His Orchestra - Blues in the Night (1957) Sonny Rollins - A Night at the Village Vanguard (1957) Anita O'Day - Anita Sings the Most (1957) Jimmy Smith - Plays Pretty Just for You (1957) Chet Baker - (Chet Baker Sings) It Could Happen to You (1958) Totlyn Jackson [with Lance Hayward] - Lance Hayward at the Half Moon (1958), Jamaica Jazz 1931-1962 Lurlean Hunter - Stepping Out (1958) Peggy Lee - Jump for Joy (1958) Judy Garland - That's Entertainment (1960) Mel Torme - Mel Tormé Swings Shubert Alley (1960) McCoy Tyner Trio - Reaching Fourth (1962) Ahmad Jamal - Poinciana (1963) Nancy Sinatra - As vinyl 7\\\" single / Reprise Records 0789 (1969). Also on her Nancy CD re-issue by Sundazed Records (1996) SC 6058 Milt Jackson with Hubert Laws - Goodbye (1974) George Benson & Joe Farrell - Benson & Farrell (1976) Peter Magadini - Bones Blues featuring Don Menza, Wray Downs (1977) Carmen McRae - The Carmen McRae-Betty Carter Duets (1987) Carmen Lundy – Old Devil Moon (1997) David Campbell - Taking the Wheel (1997) Rosemary Clooney - At Long Last (with the Count Basie Orchestra) (1998) Bobby Caldwell - Come Rain Or Come Shine (1999) Stan Kenton - At the Rendezvous, Vol 2 (2000) (vocal by Ann Richards) Jamie Cullum – Twentysomething (2003) Cheyenne Jackson - The Power of Two (2009) (who also starred as Woody in the 2009 revival of Finian's Rainbow) Josh Groban - Stages (2015) References External links SoundCloud performance by the late Piero Cusato 1947 songs Carmen McRae songs Frank Sinatra songs Lena Horne songs Songs from musicals Songs with lyrics by Yip Harburg Songs with music by Burton Lane\",\n \"title\": \"Old Devil Moon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"39237477\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Sunshine of Your Smile\\\" is a British popular song published in London in 1913 just before the First World War by Francis, Day and Hunter. The lyrics were by Leonard Cooke and the music by Lilian Ray. It became a top ten hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1980, sung by Mike Berry. Lyrics The following lyrics are taken from the sheet music published in 1913: Verse 1: Dear face that holds so sweet a smile for me, Were you not mine, how dark the world would be! I know no light above that could replace Love's radiant sunshine in your dear, dear face. Refrain: Give me your smile, the love-light in your eyes, Life could not hold a fairer Paradise! Give me the right to love you all the while, My world for ever, the sunshine of your smile! Verse 2: Shadows may fall upon the land and sea, Sunshine from all the world may hidden be; But I shall see no cloud across the sun; Your smile shall light my life, till life is done! Refrain: Give me your smile, the love-light in your eyes, Life could not hold a fairer Paradise! Give me the right to love you all the while, My world for ever, the sunshine of your smile! Recordings Below is a list of artists who have recorded the song and the recording date and record information (where known): Olga, Elga and Eli Hudson, 1914 Fred Douglas, 1914 Ernest Pike, 1914 Jessie Broughton, c. 1915 William Thomas, c. 1915, Regal G6745 Gertie Dickeson, 1915 Lambert Murphy, 1916, Victor 55069 John McCormack, 1916, Victor 64622 Norah Johnson, 1916 Riccardo Stracciari, 1919, Columbia 49590 Tamaki Miura, 1922, Nipponophone 15065 Charles Hackett, 1927, Columbia 4042 Tito Schipa, 1930, Victor 1451 (Sung in Spanish) Jussi Björling, 1931, Swedish HMV X3724 (Sung in Swedish) Django Reinhardt & Le Quintette du Hot Club De France, April 1935 Lilian Davies, 1930 Frank Sinatra, 1941, Victor 27638 Vera Lynn, from the film Rhythm Serenade, 1943 James Melton, 1950 Mike Berry, 1980 References 1913 songs 1980 singles Songs of World War I British songs Mike Berry (singer) songs\",\n \"title\": \"The Sunshine of Your Smile\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"47672177\",\n \"text\": \"The Journeyman World Tour was a -year concert tour by English musician Eric Clapton that began on July 6, 1989, in The Hague and concluded on March 9, 1991, in London. The tour was Clapton's first tour following the release of his 1989 studio album Journeyman. The guitarist played a total of 165 shows throughout Europe, North America, Asia, South America and Africa. Setlist This set list is representative of the tour's average setlist as conducted by Setlist.fm, which represents all concerts for the duration of the tour. \\\"Pretending\\\" \\\"Running on Faith\\\" \\\"No Alibis\\\" \\\"I Shot the Sheriff\\\" \\\"White Room\\\" \\\"Can't Find My Way Home\\\" \\\"Bad Love\\\" \\\"Before You Accuse Me\\\" \\\"Old Love\\\" \\\"Badge\\\" \\\"Wonderful Tonight\\\" \\\"Cocaine\\\" \\\"Layla\\\" \\\"Cross Road Blues\\\" \\\"Sunshine of Your Love\\\" Personnel Eric Clapton–guitar, lead vocals Alan Clark–keyboards (U.S. and Europe only) Ray Cooper–percussion, shouted vocal during Sunshine of Your Love percussion solo Nathan East–bass guitar, vocals Steve Ferrone–drums Katie Kissoon–backing vocals Tessa Niles–backing vocals Phil Palmer–guitar Greg Phillinganes–keyboards, vocals Chuck Leavell–keyboards (1991 Ireland and U.K. dates) Tour dates Reception LGN music critics liked the world tour and especially recognised Eric Clapton's guitar tone throughout the whole Journeyman World Tour, stating: \\\"this period saw a resurrection of Clapton going back to basics. The tones he captured during this era are really amazing. [...] Eric was mainly using a Soldano SLO-100 amp head giving him a very saturated blues tone\\\". Fellow guitar slinger Joe Bonamassa recalled a great Journeyman show, he saw as a teenager and also liked the way Eric Clapton made things sound at the time, calling Eric Clapton's Journeyman tone \\\"one of the best tones Clapton has ever had\\\". References Eric Clapton 1989 concert tours 1990 concert tours 1991 concert tours\",\n \"title\": \"Journeyman World Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"70105155\",\n \"text\": \"Samira Manners (born 9 July 2000), is a bilingual British-Swedish singer-songwriter. Samira has an English father and a Swedish mother. She learnt her first English in pre-school in Southern England and grew up speaking English at home in Sweden. She signed to Cardiac Records / Sony Music Sweden in 2020 and has since released 8 singles. She participated in Melodifestivalen 2022 with the song \\\"I Want to Be Loved\\\". She performed in Heat 2 on 12 February 2022, finishing in fourth place in the phone vote, fifth place overall, and failing to qualify. She performed onstage with her band: Alice Castell (bass), Kajsa Westergren (drums), and Agnes Roslund (guitar). Career Samira studied at Lund's Dance and Musical Gymnasium (LDMG) 2016-2019, Malmö Academy of Music 2021-2022, and Folkhögskolan Skurup and Fridhem Malmö since 2022. Live Performances TV4 Nyhetsmorgon: 2 January 2021, Samira's TV debut singing \\\"Do It All Again\\\" and \\\"Hard To Love\\\" The Sunset Festival: 7 August 2021. Woman in Red, Malmö Live: 8 October 2021. Melodifestivalen 2022: 12 February 2022. Lotta på Liseberg: 18 July 2022 - Samira singing \\\"Thankful\\\"; \\\"I Want To Be Loved\\\"; and \\\"Walking on Sunshine\\\" SVT Sommarlov 2022: 22 July 2022 - Samira singing \\\"I Want To Be Loved\\\"; and \\\"Thankful\\\". Single Releases \\\"Do It All Again\\\": 15 May 2020. Video by Benjamin Zadig (Eremit Produktion). 'Pop professor' journalist Jan Gradvall reviewing for TV4 morning news program described the single as \\\"A 19 year old Swedish debutante named Samira Manners who has an English father who colours her perfect English. Excellent, I think.\\\" Lucas Palmans reviewing for Dansende beren stated that “Do It All Again” is a perfect example of an oasis of peace, but Samira knows how to give it her own twist. The song starts quietly with an acoustic guitar, while the young singer immediately puts her beautiful voice in the spotlight. She seems to put her soul on the table, singing about love. Many new elements are added throughout the song. For example, synths provide a euphoric effect and the percussion gives a slightly bombastic impression. Bombastic in its intimacy, that is, because “Do It All Again” puts a smile on our faces. In any case, we are already impressed by her voice and the soothing atmosphere that the young lady knows how to create.\\\" \\\"Hard To Love\\\": 30 October 2020. Because of the Covid-19 restrictions, the video was made by Samira Manners herself. Lucas Palmans reviewing for Dansende beren stated that the atmosphere of “Hard To Love” \\\"became one for the campfire on a pleasant evening. An acoustic guitar creates a nice atmosphere, while the Swedish one enchants you with her powerful voice. The song is an alternation between insecurities and straightening your back. For example, she wonders if it is difficult to love her because of her outspoken opinions and such, but in the end she is very satisfied with herself. A nice meaning and a nice song, especially when some backing vocals are added towards the end.\\\" \\\"Last Christmas\",\n \"title\": \"Samira Manners\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"964757\",\n \"text\": \"Dohnyale Sharon \\\"Deni\\\" Hines (born 4 September 1970) is an Australian singer who has been releasing music since the early 1990s, with chart success in Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Europe. She is the daughter of American-born Australian singer Marcia Hines. Hines released her first single with the Australian band Rockmelons with a cover version of the Bill Withers 1971 hit \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\". She then went on to release solo material, including the top-five single \\\"It's Alright\\\" and the top-20 album Imagination (1996), which sold more than 55,000 copies worldwide. A remix album, which included brand-new tracks, became Remix Your Imagination. Her third studio album was titled Water for Chocolate, which was released on 19 August 2006 and features the singles \\\"Water for Chocolate\\\", \\\"Son of a Preacher Man\\\" and \\\"5 Days of Rain\\\". In 2007, Hines recorded a successful jazz album with Australian jazz artist James Morrison. The pair toured Australia to sold-out shows. In 2012, she played singer Neri Rogers in \\\"The Green Mill Murder\\\", S1:E3 of Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries. On 18 November 2016, her fourth studio album, The Soul Sessions, was released, with the lead single \\\"What About Love\\\" co-written by Hines and Edward Said. In 2019, Hines competed on The Masked Singer under the alias of Unicorn. She was knocked out in finals week and ended up placing fourth. Music career 1985–1993: Career launch, The Rockmelons and Jesus Christ Superstar Hines was born in Sydney, New South Wales, and was inspired by her mother's success as a singer to follow a career in show business. She was discovered by a friend when she was singing to the radio and then was encouraged to pursue singing as a career. Her earliest employment was as a backing vocalist for such artists as Kylie Minogue (her Rhythm of Love Tour, Australia and Far East 1991), Jimmy Barnes, Wa Wa Nee and Peter Blakeley before she was approached by the band Rockmelons to provide vocals for several of their songs. The first song that Hines released with the Rockmelons collaboration was a cover version of the Bill Withers 1970s hit \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\" in 1991. The song proved to be a success, charting at number five on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. With the success of the first single, the reggae-inspired \\\"That Word (L.O.V.E.)\\\" was the second song released with the collaboration and became another top-five single, charting at number four in Australia. The third and final song Hines released with the band was the ballad \\\"It's Not Over\\\". The song was also a success but was not as big as the previous two, charting at number 15 in Australia. With the success with the Rockmelons, Hines became one of the most well-known faces, and voices, in Australia. In 1992, entrepreneur Harry M. Miller signed Hines for the role of Mary Magdalene in a revival of the stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar. Miller had discovered and signed her mother Marcia twenty years earlier, and the role of Mary\",\n \"title\": \"Deni Hines\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"59938506\",\n \"text\": \"Sunshine is an album by American girl group the Emotions, released in November 1977 by Stax Records. The album reached No. 39 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart. The Emotions covered Bill Withers' \\\"Ain't No Sunshine\\\" and Carla Thomas' \\\"Gee Whiz (Look at His Eyes)\\\" on the album. Critical reception Andrew Hamilton of AllMusic wrote: \\\"Sunshine has some excellent cuts and some that don't quite fit the Chicagoans' style.\\\" John Storm Roberts of High Fidelity wrote: \\\"Fantasy Records has begun reissuing some of the old Stax catalog, and \\\"Sunshine\\\" is part of that venture-a bunch of singles backed by Stax house musicians, none of them previously released on albums. The result is pure and amazingly cohesive joy. Without once departing from the classic framework of female group rhythm & blues, \\\"Sunshine\\\" is as rich and varied as anything I've heard in months. With only one exception, Any Way You Look at It, every number positively drips with tasty touches in arrangement, singing. and playing.\\\" With a 3.5 out of 5 stars rating John Shearlaw of Record Mirror exclaimed \\\"Old Emotions, new Emotions-they're just as good.\\\" Phyl Garland of Stereo Review commented: \\\"Sunshine sounds amazingly fresh. Vocal artistry prevails over background effects as the Emotions weave their way in and out of cool, melodious songs.\\\" Singles The song \\\"Shouting Out Love\\\" peaked at No. 31 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart. Track listing Personnel The Emotions Sheila Hutchinson - vocals Theresa Davis - vocals Wanda Hutchinson - vocals with: Bobby Manuel, Michael Toles - guitar Donald \\\"Duck\\\" Dunn, Earl Thomas - bass Lester Snell, Marvell Thomas, Ronnie Williams - keyboards Al Jackson Jr., Willie Hall - drums The Memphis Horns - brass The Detroit Strings - strings The Memphis Symphony - orchestra Dale Warren, James Mitchell, Johnny Allen - arrangements References 1977 albums The Emotions albums Albums produced by Jim Stewart (record producer) Albums produced by Al Bell Albums produced by Marvell Thomas Stax Records albums\",\n \"title\": \"Sunshine (The Emotions album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13118576\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Love Like This\\\" is a song performed by British singer Natasha Bedingfield. It was included as the lead single of Bedingfield's second North American album, Pocketful of Sunshine, and features vocals from Jamaican-American reggae singer Sean Kingston. The song was written by Bedingfield, Kingston, Louis Biancaniello, Rico Love, Ryan Tedder, Sam Watters, and Wayne Wilkins, while production was handled by Biancaniello, Love, Tedder, and Watters under their production group, the Runawayz. Its lyrics discuss finding love with a person who has \\\"been there all your life and has always loved you, but you've never noticed it until now\\\". The official remix features vocals from rapper Lil Wayne and a slightly different beat, produced by Jim Jonsin. The song was released in North America on 2 October 2007 to mixed reviews from critics. It was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 7 April 2008. The song was a commercial success, reaching the top 20 on the majority of the charts it entered, and topped the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in the United States. On 12 March 2008, \\\"Love Like This\\\" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. Background In 2007, Bedingfield began writing and recording new material for her second North American album Pocketful of Sunshine. Producer J. R. Rotem had been working with Bedingfield on the album. Rotem introduced Bedingfield to reggae pop singer/rapper Sean Kingston, who was also recording with Rotem. Bedingfield decided to work with Kingston because she \\\"just Liked his thing\\\". In an interview with Digital Spy, she said that she respected rappers and seemed to \\\"have a little thing with rappers\\\" since she had previously worked with Estelle, Eve and Bizarre from D12. Composition The song was written by Bedingfield, Kingston, Wayne Wilkins, Louis Biancaniello, Rico Love, Ryan Tedder from the band OneRepublic, and Sam Watters—an original member of American R&B group Color Me Badd. It was also produced by Biancaniello, Love, Tedder, and Watters together as the Runawayz. The song is composed in the key of F major and set in common time. Bedingfield's vocals span from C4 to F5. The Auto Tune effect is heard in a few parts of the song. In the song, Bedingfield discusses finding love with a person who has always \\\"been there all your life\\\", but that \\\"you've never noticed it until now\\\". According to her, it is all about realizing how that person is actually the \\\"love of your life\\\". Critical reception \\\"Love Like This\\\" received mixed reviews from critics. Chuck Taylor in a review for Billboard described the song as a \\\"jaunty, youthful track that clears home base and should propel Nat forward\\\", while Chris Boeckmann of Stylus Magazine called it \\\"useless\\\" and a \\\"dud\\\". Michael Slezak of Entertainment Weekly found the song left him \\\"feeling absolutely nothing\\\". Slezak was unimpressed with the pairing of Bedingfield and Kingston, writing \\\"it's as if two people who I'm not entirely convinced can sing got together and recorded a heavily focus-grouped song, then\",\n \"title\": \"Love Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"29011773\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Girls with Guitars\\\" is a song written by Mary Chapin Carpenter, and recorded by American country music artist Wynonna. It was released in June 1994 as the fifth single from the album Tell Me Why. The song reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Judd's mother, Naomi Judd, and Lyle Lovett sing background vocals on the song. Content The song is about a young woman who pursues her desire to become a rock musician (particularly as a guitarist), despite her parents assuming more practical roles for her. The second and third choruses begin with a reference of the famous guitar riffs of Deep Purple's \\\"Smoke on the Water\\\" and Cream's \\\"Sunshine of Your Love,\\\" respectively. Chart performance References 1994 singles 1993 songs Wynonna Judd songs Songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter Song recordings produced by Tony Brown (record producer) MCA Records singles Curb Records singles Songs with feminist themes Songs about guitars\",\n \"title\": \"Girls with Guitars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"47778406\",\n \"text\": \"Rarities from the Capitol Vaults is a compilation album by Australian-American pop singer Helen Reddy that was released in 2009 by EMI Music Special Markets and boasts 10 previously unreleased songs (tracks 1-10) as well as two lesser-known recordings. Reception Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic writes, \\\"The biggest surprise here is that a fair number of the unreleased songs tend to have a prominent backbeat -- usually some sort of play on disco, but 'Tell Jack' is a pretty terrific slice of Elton John-styled glam rock.\\\" Track listing \\\"I Am Woman\\\" (alternate version) (Ray Burton, Helen Reddy) – 2:24 from sessions for the 1971 album I Don't Know How to Love Him \\\"Me and My Love\\\" (Bruce Roberts, Carole Bayer Sager) – 3:28 from sessions for the 1978 album We'll Sing in the Sunshine \\\"Together\\\" (Charles Fox, Norman Gimbel) – 3:23 from sessions for the 1978 album We'll Sing in the Sunshine \\\"Rhythm Rhapsody\\\" (Ralph Schuckett, John Siegler) – 4:15 from sessions for the 1978 album We'll Sing in the Sunshine \\\"Blue\\\" (alternate version) (Joe Raposo) – 4:34 from sessions for the 1978 album We'll Sing in the Sunshine \\\"Tell Jack\\\" (Phil Galdston, Peter Thorn) – 4:24 no recording information provided \\\"Exhaustion\\\" (Robin Sinclair) – 2:28 from sessions for the 1979 album Reddy \\\"Don't Mess with a Woman\\\" (alternate version) (Michael Curtis, Richard Curtis, Patty Moan) – 3:38 from the session in which \\\"I Am Woman\\\" was rerecorded for single release \\\"Lullaby\\\" (Helen Reddy, Carole Bayer Sager) – 3:02 no recording information provided \\\"Songs\\\" (alternate version) (Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil) – 3:11 from sessions for the 1974 album Love Song for Jeffrey \\\"Take What You Find\\\" (extended mix) (Julie Didier, Casey Kelly) – 5:01 promotional-only, extended 12\\\" disco edition \\\"Plus de Chansons Tristes (No Sad Song)\\\" (Carole King, Toni Stern) – 3:01 English-language version appears on the 1971 album Helen Reddy Personnel Original albums Helen Reddy – vocals Tom Catalano – producer (\\\"Songs\\\") Frank Day – producer (\\\"Exhaustion\\\") Kim Fowley – producer (\\\"Me and My Love\\\", \\\"Together\\\", \\\"Rhythm Rhapsody\\\", \\\"Blue\\\") Ron Haffkine – producer (\\\"Take What You Find\\\") Larry Marks – producer (\\\"I Am Woman\\\", \\\"Plus de Chansons Tristes\\\") Jay Senter – producer (\\\"Don't Mess with a Woman\\\") Compilation Kevin Flaherty – producer Peter Borsari – photography Gunther – photography Douglas Kirkland – cover photo, photography Susan Lavoie – art direction David McEowen – mastering Helen Reddy – track notes Steve Silvas – design Jordan Sommers – music consultant Jim Pierson – compilation producer Matt Tunia – associate producer Gordon Anderson – executive producer mastered at Capitol Mastering Studios, Hollywood, California Notes 2009 compilation albums Helen Reddy albums Albums produced by Tom Catalano\",\n \"title\": \"Rarities from the Capitol Vaults\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"24228845\",\n \"text\": \"The Blues Busters was a vocal duo from Jamaica formed in 1960, consisting of Philip James (9 March 1941 – 1989) and Lloyd Osbourne Campbell (31 December 1941 – 1992). The Blues Busters was the most consistently popular Jamaican male duo of the early 1960s, and among the Jamaican artists who performed at the 1964 New York World's Fair. They initially worked in cabaret shows to tourists in Kingston and Jamaica's north coast, but got their big break when they were asked to accompany Sam Cooke on his tour of the island in March, 1961. Taking inspiration from Cooke, on returning to the cabaret circuit they emulated the soulful harmonies of his performances and recorded a number of soul and reggae cover versions, having minor hits with \\\"Thinking\\\" and \\\"Privilege\\\". They continued until the mid-1980s, by which time they had released several albums, one of which was a tribute to Cooke. In the late 1960s the pair moved to New York City. There James reportedly died from asthma at age 47 in 1989, and Campbell from a heart attack at age 50 in 1992. The duo are buried with one grave between them in the Pye River Cemetery in Montego Bay, Jamaica, the city of their births. In 2015 Campbell and James were posthumously honoured with keys to the City Of Montego Bay by the St. James Parish Council. Discography Albums Behold How Sweet It Is (1964), Sunshine The Best of the Blues Busters (1965), Sunshine Each One Teach One (1970/1971), Dynamic Philip and Lloyd (1975), Scepter Truth (1979), Sarge Tribute to Sam Cooke (1980), Sarge Top of the Pops (1982), Echo How Sweet It Is (1997), Kingston Gold Compilations The Best of the Blues Busters, Dynamic In Memory of the Blues Busters: Their Best Ska and Soul Hits 1964-1966 (1993), Jamaican Gold Behold! The Anthology (2005), Trojan Singles \\\"Little Vilma\\\" (1960), Limbo \\\"I Need Some Lovin'\\\" (1961), Limbo \\\"Early One Morning\\\" (1961), Limbo \\\"Donna\\\" (1961), Coxsone, Blue Beat \\\"Your Love\\\" (1961), Island, Starlite \\\"There's Always Sunshine\\\" (1962), Blue Beat, Supreme, Coxsone \\\"Behold!\\\" (1962), Island Records, Sunshine \\\"Tell Me Why\\\" (1962), Blue Beat, Supreme \\\"How Many Times\\\" (1963), Supreme \\\"Behold!\\\" (1964), Kentone \\\"Love And Emotion\\\" (1964), Starline \\\"Don't Take Your Love Away\\\" (1964), BMN \\\"You're No Good\\\" (1965), BMN \\\"I Won't Let You Go\\\" (1965), Kentone \\\"Wings Of A Dove\\\" (1965), Soul, Island \\\"How Sweet It Is\\\" (1965), BMN \\\"My Girl\\\" (1965), Bra, Soul \\\"Happy Man\\\" (1966), Bra \\\"I've Been Trying\\\" (1966), BMN, Dr. Bird \\\"Irreplaceable You\\\" (1967), Sunshine \\\"There's Always Sunshine\\\" (1967), Sunshine, Dr. Bird \\\"Ain't That Loving You\\\" (1967), Sunshine \\\"Unless\\\" (1967), BMN \\\"I Can't Stop\\\" (1967), BMN, Jay Boy \\\"Each One Teach One\\\" (1967), Dynamic \\\"Inspired To Love You\\\" (1968), Shout \\\"Love is the Answer\\\" (1970), Minit \\\"Each One Teach One\\\" (1971), Lion, Dynamic Sounds \\\"Baby I'm Sorry\\\" (1975), Dynamic, Scepter \\\"Here I am Come And Take Me (Reggae)\\\" (1975), Scepter \\\"Sweetest Little Thing\\\" (1976), Dynamic Sounds \\\"Just Don't Want To Be Lonely\\\" (1977), Dynamic Sounds \\\"Are\",\n \"title\": \"The Blues Busters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35105673\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Fine Line\\\" is a 1984 single by Barry Gibb. The song was written by Gibb and keyboardist George Bitzer. It is the second and final single from his debut solo album Now Voyager. It was released in October 1984 in North America by MCA Records and in most countries by Polydor Records. The song was failed to chart in the United States, but it did manage to reach #50 on the Hot Dance Club Songs. The 12\\\" version of this song was remixed by Larry Patterson. This single was less successful than his previous single, \\\"Shine, Shine\\\". Recording \\\"Fine Line\\\" was recorded as a demo in November or December 1983 in Miami Beach with \\\"Face to Face\\\", \\\"The Hunter\\\", \\\"One Night (For Lovers)\\\" and \\\"The Hunter\\\". The song features The Who's lead singer Roger Daltrey singing backing vocals along with Olivia Newton-John and Harry Wayne Casey of KC and the Sunshine Band. The song also contains a rap section by Gibb himself: Music video The music video of \\\"Fine Line\\\" was made as a part of Gibb's movie Now Voyager on which all songs on his album of the same name was featured. For \\\"Fine Line\\\", it was filmed in a black and white. Gibb had his trademark beard shaven off in this video. He also shaved his beard on the Bee Gees' music video \\\"Night Fever\\\" and the alternative music videos of \\\"How Deep Is Your Love\\\" and \\\"Stayin' Alive\\\". Track listing Charts References 1984 singles Barry Gibb songs Songs written by Barry Gibb Song recordings produced by Barry Gibb Polydor Records singles MCA Records singles 1984 songs\",\n \"title\": \"Fine Line (Barry Gibb song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"67421089\",\n \"text\": \"Ode to Sunshine is an album by American rock band Delta Spirit, released August 26, 2008, on Rounder Records. It is the band's debut album, following their 2006 EP I Think I've Found It. Reception AllMusics Hal Horowitz wrote, \\\"The ex-Noise Ratchet founders shift to more rootsy territory with their new band, yielding impressive results\\\", and that \\\"Ode to Sunshine was recorded in a cabin in Julian, CA, and those surroundings seem to have brought a raw, rootsy, almost Basement Tapes-styled feel to the stripped-down songs and production.\\\" The A.V. Clubs Chris Martins said the album \\\"is brimming with gritty, staggering soul that floods the gap between the Stones' R&B-inflected; early oeuvre and Cold War Kids' world-weary keening. That said, Ode is impressively measured, and neither the rollicking shambolics of \\\"Trashcan\\\" nor the slow, whiskey-seeping grind of \\\"Parade\\\" would be half as effective without a certain tautness.\\\" NMEs Tessa Harris said the band's \\\"sound is timeworn and instantly familiar: the \\\"set me free\\\" chorus of 'Streetwalker' is pure Springsteen, while the honky-tonk of 'Trashcan' is classic Stones, made more remarkable by the sandpaper snarl of their frontman.\\\" PopMatters Andrew Martin wrote that \\\"Every year there is one album that comes out of nowhere, kicks you in the ass, and demands your attention. It finds itself on your iPod, inside your CD player, and blaring out of your headphones or speakers. Then, you commit to spreading the word about the album to anyone and everyone. Because, just like how misery loves company, so does a music lover who has just discovered a fantastic new album. For me, and others I am sure, Delta Spirit's Ode to Sunshine is just that album.\\\" Prefix Magazine said \\\"it would be easy to christen the Delta Spirit's sonically referential sound as the Violent Femmes gone sepia. Many already have\\\", and \\\"Despite Delta Spirit's anarchic (i.e., creatively opportunistic) sampling of everything from cold war folk to the Cold War Kids, when the band members hit their stride — as on the rumbling, locomotive grooves of piano-stung epic Americana on \\\"Trashcan\\\" — Sunshine becomes nothing less than an ode to musical joy.\\\" Slants Nate Adams wrote that \\\"The songs on Sunshine range from vaguely spiritual (the groove-heavy first single \\\"Trashcan\\\") to openly Christian (the passable but forgettable \\\"Children\\\"), and while this is by no means a bad thing, it can be distracting at times: No one likes to be preached at, even if the message is wrapped up inside bluesy pop songs\\\", and that \\\"Sadly, the guitars are buried low in the mix, forcing the vocals and piano to do most of the work.\\\" Spins Nate Adams said \\\"Whether it's a happy accident or a painstaking work of art, the rousing debut of this San Diego quintet impresses mightily. Despite passing echoes of Spoon and Violent Femmes, Delta Spirit's rough barroom pop is its own creature, with jangly pianos, rattling drums, and scruffy acoustic guitars making a thrilling ruckus.\\\" Track listing Personnel Jon Jameson – bass Brandon\",\n \"title\": \"Ode to Sunshine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4395381\",\n \"text\": \"Part 3 is the fourth studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in October 1976 on the TK label. History Part 3 contains three of the band's biggest hits, \\\"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty\\\", \\\"I'm Your Boogie Man\\\", and \\\"Keep It Comin' Love\\\". The first two reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 while the third peaked at number two. Two other singles, \\\"I Like to Do It\\\" and \\\"Wrap Your Arms Around Me\\\" found moderate success on the charts. Record World said of \\\"I Like to Do It\\\" that \\\"What this group likes to do is race up the charts and as long as they continue to produce material such as this, they should remain on top.\\\" The album was remastered in 1994 as “Part 3…And More” with additional bonus tracks by Rhino. The album was remastered and reissued with bonus tracks in 2012 by Big Break Records. Track listing Personnel Harry Wayne Casey – keyboards, vocal Jerome Smith – guitar Richard Finch – bass guitar, drums, percussion Robert Johnson – drums Fermin Goytisolo – percussion Oliver C. Brown – percussion Ken Faulk – trumpet Vinnie Tanno – trumpet Mike Lewis – tenor saxophone Whit Sidener – baritone saxophone Beverly Champion – background vocals Margaret Reynolds – background vocals Jeanette Williams – background vocals References External links Part 3 at Discogs 1976 albums KC and the Sunshine Band albums TK Records albums\",\n \"title\": \"Part 3 (KC and the Sunshine Band album)\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Jack Bruce"],"string":"[\n \"Jack Bruce\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":51,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_55308"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who is hannah married to in the bible"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"6745715","text":"Peninnah ( Pəninnā; sometimes transliterated Penina) was one of Elkanah's two wives, briefly mentioned in the first Book of Samuel (1 Samuel 1:2). Her name derives from the word (pəninā), meaning \"pearl.\" Biblical account Peninnah was less favored than Elkanah's other wife, Hannah; although she had borne him children whilst Hannah was childless, Peninnah also brought grief and disharmony to the household by her mocking of the infertile Hannah. Every year, when Elkanah offered up a sacrifice at Shiloh, he would share out the portions of meat and give Hannah a double portion, which incited the jealousy of Peninnah. Peninnah would taunt Hannah for being childless. She would grieve Hannah by means of ordinary everyday activities, taking pains to remind her, at all hours of the day, of the difference between them. According to Jewish writer Lillian Klein, \"Because the reader’s sympathies are directed toward the childless Hannah, Peninnah comes across as a malicious woman. In fact, she is probably a literary convention, a foil for the independence and goodness of Hannah, and should be regarded as such.\" Eventually, in answer to her desperate prayer, Hannah's womb was opened, and she bore Samuel, and later another three sons and two daughters. After the birth of Samuel, Peninnah is not mentioned again, and 1 Samuel 2:20 says that Eli \"would bless Elkanah and his wife\", referring to Hannah. Midrash According to the midrash, Hannah was Elkanah's first wife; after they had been married for ten years, he also took Peninnah as a wife (Pesikta Rabbati 43). The midrash explains that Elkanah was compelled to marry Peninnah because of Hannah's barrenness, which explains his preference for Hannah, his first wife. Another tradition has the initiative to marry Peninnah coming from Hannah, thus comparing her to Sarah and Hagar, and Rachel and Leah, in which the beloved wife, who is barren, initiates the taking of an additional wife in order to produce offspring. The different midrashim highlight the difficulty Peninnah faced living in the shadow of another woman. A different midrash suggests that Peninnah's actions were in fact noble, and that Peninnah \"mocked\" the barren Hannah in order to further drive Hannah to pray even harder to God to give her children. She vexed Hannah at Shiloh, thereby causing her distraught rival wife to pray fervently. Thanks to Peninnah, Hannah's prayer was answered, and she gave birth to children. See also Fenenna of Kuyavia References External links Online text of 1 Samuel 1 Books of Samuel people Women in the Hebrew Bible Samuel","title":"Peninnah"},{"docid":"622837","text":"Hannah (; Ḥannā \"favor, grace\") is one of the wives of Elkanah mentioned in the First Book of Samuel. According to the Hebrew Bible she was the mother of Samuel. Biblical narrative The narrative about Hannah can be found in . Outside of the first two chapters of 1 Samuel, she is not otherwise mentioned in the Bible. In the biblical narrative, Hannah is one of two wives of Elkanah. The other, Peninnah, had given birth to Elkanah's children, but Hannah remained childless. Nevertheless, Elkanah preferred Hannah. According to Lillian Klein, the use of this chiasmus underscores the standing of the women: Hannah is the primary wife, yet Peninnah has succeeded in bearing children. Hannah's status as primary wife and her barrenness recall Sarah and Rebecca in Genesis 17 and Genesis 25 respectively. Klein suggests that Elkanah took Peninnah as a second wife because of Hannah's barrenness. Every year, Elkanah would offer a sacrifice at the Shiloh sanctuary, and give Peninnah and her children a portion but he gave Hannah a double portion \"because he loved her, and the LORD had closed her womb\" (1 Samuel 1:5, NIV). One day Hannah went up to the Tabernacle and prayed with great weeping (I Samuel 1:10), while Eli the High Priest was sitting on a chair near the doorpost. In her prayer, she asked God for a son and in return she vowed to give the son back to God for the service of God. She promised he would remain a Nazarite all the days of his life. According to Lillian Klein, the value of women is demonstrably enhanced by their child-bearing capacities. The narrative takes her pain and places it in her personal failure and then draws it out in a communal context. The desperation of Hannah's vow indicates that merely bearing a male child would establish her in the community. Eli thought she was drunk and questioned her. When she explained herself, he blessed her and sent her home. Hannah conceived and bore a son, and named him Samuel, literally Heard by God, \"since she had asked the Lord for him\" (1 Samuel 1:20 NAB). The role of women giving names in premonarchic Israel suggests an authoritative social role, at least within the family. She raised him until he was weaned and brought him to the temple along with a sacrifice. Hannah is also considered to be a prophetess: in her song of thanksgiving () she is inspired “to discern in her own individual experience the universal laws of the divine economy, and to recognise its significance for the whole course of the Kingdom of God\". This song may be compared to the Magnificat, Mary's song of thanksgiving in the New Testament (), but biblical commentator A. F. Kirkpatrick notes that \"the Magnificat should be carefully compared with Hannah’s song, of which it is an echo rather than an imitation. The resemblance lies in thought and tone more than in actual language, and supplies a most delicate and valuable testimony","title":"Hannah (biblical figure)"},{"docid":"36524740","text":"1 Samuel 1 is the first chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. Chapters 1 to 7 of 1 Samuel depict Samuel's life: this chapter focuses on his birth. Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 28 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 6Q4 (6QpapKgs; 150–75 BCE) with extant verses 28–31. Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century). Old Testament references : : (annual pilgrimage) : (Nazirite vow) : (husband's approval of wife's vow) : (offerings of bull, flour and wine) Period The event in this chapter happened at the end of judges period in Israel, about 1100 BC. Elkanah's family (1:1–8) Elkanah came from a prestigious Levite family in Ramah (verse 1) in the land of Zuph (cf. ). Elkanah's first wife, Hannah, was barren so he had decided to take a second wife, Peninnah (cf. ). When Peninnah had children, tension and rivalry arose between the two women, with Hannah being constantly provoked and distressed. The inability of Elkanah to control the situation of his wives pushes Hannah to take the initiative, especially when her plight was made more obvious by receiving only one portion of the sacrifice (verse 5). The opportunity cames when Elkanah and his family attended annual worship feast in Shiloh (Judges 21:19–24), one of the most important sanctuaries and the home of the ark (1 Samuel 3:3), which was regulated by the high priest Eli and his two sons. Verse 1 Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite: \"Ramathaimzophim\": can be translated as \"Ramathaim\" in the \"district of Zuph\". A \"land of Zuph\" was mentioned only once in 1 Samuel 9:5, an area in which Samuel is said to have been found. Greek Septuagint renders the phrase as \"a man from Ramathaim, a Zuphite\". The name \"Ramathaim\" means \"the two heights\" is found in the whole Bible only in this verse, and without doubt points to Ramah (meaning \"the height\"), which is the birthplace (1 Samuel 1:19), residence (1 Samuel 7:17), and burial-place (1","title":"1 Samuel 1"},{"docid":"10969126","text":"Ramah (from Hebrew: \"height\") was, according to the Hebrew Bible, a city in ancient Israel in the land allocated to the tribe of Benjamin. It was located near Gibeon and Mizpah to the West, Gibeah to the South, and Geba to the East. Ramah has been commonly identified with modern al-Ram, about north of Jerusalem.{{cite book |last=Aharoni|first=Y. |author-link=Yohanan Aharoni |title=The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography|edition=2 |publisher=Westminster Press |location=Philadelphia|year=1979|page=441 |language=en|isbn=0664242669 |oclc=6250553}} (original Hebrew edition: 'Land of Israel in Biblical Times - Historical Geography', Bialik Institute, Jerusalem (1962)), p. 13, s.v. Er Râm. Ne'eman preferred to identify Ramah with the nearby site of Nabi Samwil. Biblical accounts The city is first mentioned in , near Gibeah of Benjamin. In the Book of Judges, a Levite came traveling to Gibeah, with Ramah just ahead (). Ramathaim-zophim is the town that was home to Samuel's mother Hannah and his father Elkanah, from which they journeyed to the sanctuary at Shiloh, where Hannah prayed to God to end her barrenness and give her a child (). Ramah is mentioned in in reference to a meeting place during Samuel's rule. Ramah was later fortified by Baasha, king of the northern kingdom, in order to control access to Jerusalem (; ). Asa, king of the southern kingdom of Judah, employed Ben-Hadad I, the Syrian king, successfully to attack Baasha at home and draw his forces away from this city (). The biblical account states that the fortifications were later dismantled by decree of King Asa and the materials used to fortify Judah's defenses at nearby Geba and Mizpah (; ). When Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians, those taken captive were assembled in Ramah before being moved to Babylon (Jeremiah 40:1). Jeremiah said:A voice is heard in Ramah, mourning and great weeping, Rachel weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more (Jeremiah 31:15 NIV). Rachel – the ancestress of the three tribes, Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin – had so desired children that she considered herself dead without them (). Jeremiah said that she was figuratively weeping because of the loss of the people killed or taken in captivity. And since she was the mother of Benjamin, it would fit because those in Ramah were Benjamites. In the New Testament, Ramah is mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew (2:18), where it is stated that Jeremiah's prophecy about Rachel received \"a second accomplishment\" in the slaughter of boy children carried out when Herod was king:Then what was said through the prophet Jeremiah was fulfilled:A voice is heard in Ramah, weeping and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more.'' See also Ramathaim-zophim References External links The Bible Dictionary of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: \"Ramah\" Hebrew Bible cities Former populated places in Southwest Asia","title":"Ramah in Benjamin"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"6745715\",\n \"text\": \"Peninnah ( Pəninnā; sometimes transliterated Penina) was one of Elkanah's two wives, briefly mentioned in the first Book of Samuel (1 Samuel 1:2). Her name derives from the word (pəninā), meaning \\\"pearl.\\\" Biblical account Peninnah was less favored than Elkanah's other wife, Hannah; although she had borne him children whilst Hannah was childless, Peninnah also brought grief and disharmony to the household by her mocking of the infertile Hannah. Every year, when Elkanah offered up a sacrifice at Shiloh, he would share out the portions of meat and give Hannah a double portion, which incited the jealousy of Peninnah. Peninnah would taunt Hannah for being childless. She would grieve Hannah by means of ordinary everyday activities, taking pains to remind her, at all hours of the day, of the difference between them. According to Jewish writer Lillian Klein, \\\"Because the reader’s sympathies are directed toward the childless Hannah, Peninnah comes across as a malicious woman. In fact, she is probably a literary convention, a foil for the independence and goodness of Hannah, and should be regarded as such.\\\" Eventually, in answer to her desperate prayer, Hannah's womb was opened, and she bore Samuel, and later another three sons and two daughters. After the birth of Samuel, Peninnah is not mentioned again, and 1 Samuel 2:20 says that Eli \\\"would bless Elkanah and his wife\\\", referring to Hannah. Midrash According to the midrash, Hannah was Elkanah's first wife; after they had been married for ten years, he also took Peninnah as a wife (Pesikta Rabbati 43). The midrash explains that Elkanah was compelled to marry Peninnah because of Hannah's barrenness, which explains his preference for Hannah, his first wife. Another tradition has the initiative to marry Peninnah coming from Hannah, thus comparing her to Sarah and Hagar, and Rachel and Leah, in which the beloved wife, who is barren, initiates the taking of an additional wife in order to produce offspring. The different midrashim highlight the difficulty Peninnah faced living in the shadow of another woman. A different midrash suggests that Peninnah's actions were in fact noble, and that Peninnah \\\"mocked\\\" the barren Hannah in order to further drive Hannah to pray even harder to God to give her children. She vexed Hannah at Shiloh, thereby causing her distraught rival wife to pray fervently. Thanks to Peninnah, Hannah's prayer was answered, and she gave birth to children. See also Fenenna of Kuyavia References External links Online text of 1 Samuel 1 Books of Samuel people Women in the Hebrew Bible Samuel\",\n \"title\": \"Peninnah\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"622837\",\n \"text\": \"Hannah (; Ḥannā \\\"favor, grace\\\") is one of the wives of Elkanah mentioned in the First Book of Samuel. According to the Hebrew Bible she was the mother of Samuel. Biblical narrative The narrative about Hannah can be found in . Outside of the first two chapters of 1 Samuel, she is not otherwise mentioned in the Bible. In the biblical narrative, Hannah is one of two wives of Elkanah. The other, Peninnah, had given birth to Elkanah's children, but Hannah remained childless. Nevertheless, Elkanah preferred Hannah. According to Lillian Klein, the use of this chiasmus underscores the standing of the women: Hannah is the primary wife, yet Peninnah has succeeded in bearing children. Hannah's status as primary wife and her barrenness recall Sarah and Rebecca in Genesis 17 and Genesis 25 respectively. Klein suggests that Elkanah took Peninnah as a second wife because of Hannah's barrenness. Every year, Elkanah would offer a sacrifice at the Shiloh sanctuary, and give Peninnah and her children a portion but he gave Hannah a double portion \\\"because he loved her, and the LORD had closed her womb\\\" (1 Samuel 1:5, NIV). One day Hannah went up to the Tabernacle and prayed with great weeping (I Samuel 1:10), while Eli the High Priest was sitting on a chair near the doorpost. In her prayer, she asked God for a son and in return she vowed to give the son back to God for the service of God. She promised he would remain a Nazarite all the days of his life. According to Lillian Klein, the value of women is demonstrably enhanced by their child-bearing capacities. The narrative takes her pain and places it in her personal failure and then draws it out in a communal context. The desperation of Hannah's vow indicates that merely bearing a male child would establish her in the community. Eli thought she was drunk and questioned her. When she explained herself, he blessed her and sent her home. Hannah conceived and bore a son, and named him Samuel, literally Heard by God, \\\"since she had asked the Lord for him\\\" (1 Samuel 1:20 NAB). The role of women giving names in premonarchic Israel suggests an authoritative social role, at least within the family. She raised him until he was weaned and brought him to the temple along with a sacrifice. Hannah is also considered to be a prophetess: in her song of thanksgiving () she is inspired “to discern in her own individual experience the universal laws of the divine economy, and to recognise its significance for the whole course of the Kingdom of God\\\". This song may be compared to the Magnificat, Mary's song of thanksgiving in the New Testament (), but biblical commentator A. F. Kirkpatrick notes that \\\"the Magnificat should be carefully compared with Hannah’s song, of which it is an echo rather than an imitation. The resemblance lies in thought and tone more than in actual language, and supplies a most delicate and valuable testimony\",\n \"title\": \"Hannah (biblical figure)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"36524740\",\n \"text\": \"1 Samuel 1 is the first chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. Chapters 1 to 7 of 1 Samuel depict Samuel's life: this chapter focuses on his birth. Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 28 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 6Q4 (6QpapKgs; 150–75 BCE) with extant verses 28–31. Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century). Old Testament references : : (annual pilgrimage) : (Nazirite vow) : (husband's approval of wife's vow) : (offerings of bull, flour and wine) Period The event in this chapter happened at the end of judges period in Israel, about 1100 BC. Elkanah's family (1:1–8) Elkanah came from a prestigious Levite family in Ramah (verse 1) in the land of Zuph (cf. ). Elkanah's first wife, Hannah, was barren so he had decided to take a second wife, Peninnah (cf. ). When Peninnah had children, tension and rivalry arose between the two women, with Hannah being constantly provoked and distressed. The inability of Elkanah to control the situation of his wives pushes Hannah to take the initiative, especially when her plight was made more obvious by receiving only one portion of the sacrifice (verse 5). The opportunity cames when Elkanah and his family attended annual worship feast in Shiloh (Judges 21:19–24), one of the most important sanctuaries and the home of the ark (1 Samuel 3:3), which was regulated by the high priest Eli and his two sons. Verse 1 Now there was a certain man of Ramathaimzophim, of mount Ephraim, and his name was Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephrathite: \\\"Ramathaimzophim\\\": can be translated as \\\"Ramathaim\\\" in the \\\"district of Zuph\\\". A \\\"land of Zuph\\\" was mentioned only once in 1 Samuel 9:5, an area in which Samuel is said to have been found. Greek Septuagint renders the phrase as \\\"a man from Ramathaim, a Zuphite\\\". The name \\\"Ramathaim\\\" means \\\"the two heights\\\" is found in the whole Bible only in this verse, and without doubt points to Ramah (meaning \\\"the height\\\"), which is the birthplace (1 Samuel 1:19), residence (1 Samuel 7:17), and burial-place (1\",\n \"title\": \"1 Samuel 1\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10969126\",\n \"text\": \"Ramah (from Hebrew: \\\"height\\\") was, according to the Hebrew Bible, a city in ancient Israel in the land allocated to the tribe of Benjamin. It was located near Gibeon and Mizpah to the West, Gibeah to the South, and Geba to the East. Ramah has been commonly identified with modern al-Ram, about north of Jerusalem.{{cite book |last=Aharoni|first=Y. |author-link=Yohanan Aharoni |title=The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography|edition=2 |publisher=Westminster Press |location=Philadelphia|year=1979|page=441 |language=en|isbn=0664242669 |oclc=6250553}} (original Hebrew edition: 'Land of Israel in Biblical Times - Historical Geography', Bialik Institute, Jerusalem (1962)), p. 13, s.v. Er Râm. Ne'eman preferred to identify Ramah with the nearby site of Nabi Samwil. Biblical accounts The city is first mentioned in , near Gibeah of Benjamin. In the Book of Judges, a Levite came traveling to Gibeah, with Ramah just ahead (). Ramathaim-zophim is the town that was home to Samuel's mother Hannah and his father Elkanah, from which they journeyed to the sanctuary at Shiloh, where Hannah prayed to God to end her barrenness and give her a child (). Ramah is mentioned in in reference to a meeting place during Samuel's rule. Ramah was later fortified by Baasha, king of the northern kingdom, in order to control access to Jerusalem (; ). Asa, king of the southern kingdom of Judah, employed Ben-Hadad I, the Syrian king, successfully to attack Baasha at home and draw his forces away from this city (). The biblical account states that the fortifications were later dismantled by decree of King Asa and the materials used to fortify Judah's defenses at nearby Geba and Mizpah (; ). When Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians, those taken captive were assembled in Ramah before being moved to Babylon (Jeremiah 40:1). Jeremiah said:A voice is heard in Ramah, mourning and great weeping, Rachel weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more (Jeremiah 31:15 NIV). Rachel – the ancestress of the three tribes, Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin – had so desired children that she considered herself dead without them (). Jeremiah said that she was figuratively weeping because of the loss of the people killed or taken in captivity. And since she was the mother of Benjamin, it would fit because those in Ramah were Benjamites. In the New Testament, Ramah is mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew (2:18), where it is stated that Jeremiah's prophecy about Rachel received \\\"a second accomplishment\\\" in the slaughter of boy children carried out when Herod was king:Then what was said through the prophet Jeremiah was fulfilled:A voice is heard in Ramah, weeping and great mourning, Rachel weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more.'' See also Ramathaim-zophim References External links The Bible Dictionary of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: \\\"Ramah\\\" Hebrew Bible cities Former populated places in Southwest Asia\",\n \"title\": \"Ramah in Benjamin\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"26508902","text":"Capt. John Jeffries Burial Marker is a historic burial monument in the cemetery at Scullville Bible Church in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey, along County Route 559 near Somers Point. It was built in 1887 and added to both the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Capt. Jeffries (1829-1887) is known for his association with the ship Twenty One Friends, which, following an incident at sea, floated without crew across the Atlantic Ocean for two years before being claimed and returned to service. The Monument The Capt. John Jeffries burial marker is approximately tall and the largest marker in the Scullville Bible Church cemetery. The church was built in 1866 and, at the time of his death, was named Palestine Bible Protestant Church. The monument is made of marble and stands on a square brick base approximately on each side. It is located in the Jeffries family plot behind the church, surrounded by other local-area family plots, many of which also date back to the 19th century. The square center section features an inscription, and above that a bas-relief engraving of the ship associated with Jeffries—and the source of his historical fame—the Twenty One Friends. Another smaller section above bears the initials “J.J.” and a draped urn is carved at the top of the monument. The center inscription reads: Capt. John Jeffries. Born Nov. 15, 1829. Died March 17th 1887. A member of the K. of P. The Jeffries of Great Egg Harbor The Jeffries family can trace its genealogy back to 18th-century European settlers of Rhode Island. John Jeffries Sr. (1735-1810) from Egg Harbor earned a pension for his service during the American Revolutionary War. The family owned land where Patcong Creek empties into Great Egg Harbor River, and it was here they built a two-storey plantation house. The area became known as Jeffries Landing and was an active port as well as later becoming a popular destination area for bathers. The settlement that formed inland, north of Jeffries Landing, came to be called Jeffers, also named after the family. In the early 1900s, Jeffers was renamed Scullville, honoring a different family, the Sculls. Currently, where Patcong Creek meets Great Egg Harbor River is still called Jeffries Landing. John Sr. and his wife, Judiah, had three sons, one of whom was John Jeffries Jr. (1789-1834). In 1819 John Jeffries Jr. was named wharf master at Jeffries Landing, responsible for collecting the wharfage of 30 cents per day to dock there. In 1829, John Jr.’s wife, Isabell, gave birth to John III (1829-1887), who would grow up to become a sea captain. Capt. John Jeffries III later lived along English Creek, upstream from Jeffries Landing along the Great Egg Harbor River. He was married to Hannah Barrett Jeffries. Variations of the name The family name can be seen spelled different ways; Jeffries, Jeffryes, Jeffrys and Jeffers appear with interchangeability although all reasonably refer to the same family. Some evidence of this","title":"Capt. John Jeffries Burial Marker"},{"docid":"35870816","text":"Susan Norris Fitkin (March 31, 1870 – October 18, 1951) was a Canadian ordained minister, who served successively in the Society of Friends, the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America, and finally in the Church of the Nazarene. Fitkin was the founder and first president of the Church of the Nazarene's Women's Foreign Missionary Society (now Nazarene Missions International) from September 1915 until her retirement in June 1948. Fitkin served twenty-four years on the General Board of the Church of the Nazarene. In 1924 Fitkin and her husband Abram Fitkin funded and founded the Fitkin Memorial Hospital in Manzini, Swaziland, and also funded and founded Nazarene Bible Training Schools in China, and Beirut, Lebanon. Early life and family Susanah W. \"Susie\" Norris was born March 31, 1870, on a farm in Ely, Quebec, Canada, the fourth oldest of the nine children of John Norris (born June 25, 1835, in Russelltown, Châteauguay, Quebec, Canada East; died December 20, 1887, in East Farnham, Quebec, Canada), a farmer and the foreman of a lumber camp, and his wife, Susannah Townsend Hall (born March 16, 1834, in East Farnham, Quebec, Canada East; died March 28, 1918, in Cliftondale, Massachusetts). John Norris and Susannah Hall were married on April 10, 1855, in Farnham East. Her siblings were George Miron Norris (born July 1, 1859, in East Farnham, Quebec), Hannah Norris (born August 8, 1861, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec; died August 23, 1897, in Shefford, Quebec), Annie Louise Norris (born May 2, 1865, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec), Jane \"Janie\" May Norris (born March 4, 1872, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec), John Milton \"Johnny\" Norris (born November 15, 1873, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec), Emma Norris (born April 11, 1875, in Quebec, Canada), Charles Newel Norris (born January 29, 1877, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec), Alice \"Nellie\" Norris (born June 15, 1880, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec). By the time of the first Canadian census in April 1871, the Norris family had been living on a farm in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec for about eleven years, with John described as a Methodist farmer, while Susannah and their four children (including one-year-old \"Suza\") were described as Episcopalians. Later Norris' parents were members of the Society of Friends, who were active in the temperance reform movement. Her mother served once as a delegate to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union convention in Ottawa. At the time of the second Canadian census in April 1881, John and Suzanne Norris and their nine children (including 11-year-old \"Suza\") were still living on a farm in Ely South, in Shefford, Quebec, and were described as Episcopalians. However, later in 1881, the Norris family moved back to East Farnham, Quebec, where Susanna's parents George C. Hall and Hannah Hall held longstanding membership in a Quaker meeting house. The Norris family attended Quaker worship but also attended the local Church of England. On February 23, 1886, five of John and Susanna's younger children were baptized by Revd John Merrick in the Church of England at Adamsville in East Farnham. On June 19, 1887, Anna Louise was baptized by","title":"Susan Norris Fitkin"},{"docid":"22969858","text":"The Woman's Bible is a two-part non-fiction book, written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and a committee of 26 women, published in 1895 and 1898 to challenge the traditional position of religious orthodoxy that woman should be subservient to man. By producing the book, Stanton wished to promote a radical liberating theology, one that stressed self-development. The book attracted a great deal of controversy and antagonism at its introduction. Many women's rights activists who worked with Stanton were opposed to the publication of The Woman's Bible; they felt it would harm the drive for women's suffrage. Although it was never accepted by Bible scholars as a major work, much to the dismay of suffragists who worked alongside Stanton within the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), it became a popular best-seller. Susan B. Anthony tried to calm the younger suffragists, but they issued a formal denunciation of the book at NAWSA's January 1896 convention, and worked to distance the suffrage movement from Stanton's broader scope which included attacks on traditional religion. Because of the widespread negative reaction, including that of suffragists who had been close to her, publication of the book effectively ended Stanton's influence in the suffrage movement. Background In the early 19th century advocates of women's rights began to accumulate rebuttals to arguments used against them founded on traditional interpretations of Bible scriptures. Lucretia Mott countered those who would put her in her place by quoting other Bible passages, or by challenging the original interpretation of the scripture. In 1849, Mott wrote Discourse on Woman which discussed Adam and Eve, the activities of various women who appear in the Bible, and argued that the Bible supported woman's right to speak aloud her spiritual beliefs. Independently from Mott, Lucy Stone determined for herself that the male-dominant interpretations of the Bible must be faulty—she worked to learn Greek and Hebrew and thereby gain insight into the earlier Bible translations which she believed would contain wording more favorable to women's equality. In New York, aided by Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped draft the Declaration of Sentiments in 1848 and included two Resolutions which protested against man's usurpation of rights relating to her position in church and to her role under God. By the 1850s, Mott had become expert at disarming men who used Scripture against her. At the National Women's Rights Convention in 1852, and again in 1854, she stood up to debate men who came prepared with Scripture in hand. Reverend Henry Grew told the 1854 convention audience that the Bible proved men were naturally superior to women. He was countered point-by-point by Hannah Tracy Cutler, then in broad societal and political terms by Mott who began by saying: \"It is not Christianity, but priestcraft that has subjected woman as we find her. The Church and State have been united, and it is well for us to see it so.\" Revising Committee In 1881, 1885 and 1894, the Church of England published a Revised Version of the Bible, the first new","title":"The Woman's Bible"},{"docid":"54958809","text":"Tagoe Sisters is the name of a musical duo consisting of twins Lydia Dedei Yawson Nee Tagoe and Elizabeth Korkoi Tagoe. They have been singing in the gospel music industry since 1983. In March 2021, the group was honored by the organizers of 3Music Awards in an event called the 3Music Women's Brunch. Early life Lydia Dedei Yawson (née Tagoe) and Elizabeth Korkoi Tagoe, who are twins, were born to the late Hammond Ayikwei Tagoe and Madam Theresa Aidoo on 27 July 1965. Their father, Hammond Ayikwei Tagoe, was from Korle-Wokon, a suburb of Accra and their mother, Theresa Aidoo, was from Dunkwa-on-Offin in the Central Region. They had their education at the Alogboshie primary and middle school, near Achimota in Accra. Later, they went to the YMCA to learn dressmaking, which they abandoned to venture into singing. Career In the early days of their career, the duo worked in a group of three, with Hannah Tsia Mensah, called the \"I am Three Sisters\". They sang backup for musicians like Felix Bell and G Man and made appearances on Mr Picus Laryea's shows in the 1970s. In 1983, they joined the Open Bible Church International where they met the male singing group, the Advent Heralds. They backed the Heralds at their public performances. In 1985 they met the late Rev. Francis Akwasi Amoako who became their mentor. Under his guidance, they toured far and wide both in and out of Ghana and gained fame. Their first album 'Nyame ye Kese' which was written by the Advent Heralds, was released in 1987. Orekyekye and Stay in my Heart followed in 1988. In 1990, they lost their mentor in a fatal accident as they were returning to Accra after performing at a crusade in Takoradi. Rev. Dr Thomas Harry Yawson came into their lives and became their songwriter and director. Personal lives Rev Thomas Yawson married Lydia and they have three children. Elizabeth also has two children with her late husband. Lydia is a caterer and Elizabeth is an event planner. They established the Tagoe Twin Foundation to support mothers who use their twin children to beg for alms. They also have the Tagoe Sisters Association which was created with the vision to be an enabler for twins' mothers to support each other. Awards and nominations References Ga-Adangbe people Ghanaian women singers Ghanaian musical groups Living people Year of birth missing (living people)","title":"Tagoe Sisters"},{"docid":"11439150","text":"Hannah spelled Hanna, Hana, Hanah, or Chana, is a feminine given name of Hebrew origin. It is derived from the root ḥ-n-n, meaning \"favour\" or \"grace\"; A Dictionary of First Names attributes the name to a word meaning 'He (God) has favoured me with a child'. Anne, Ana, Ann, and other variants of the name derive from the Hellenized Hebrew: Anna (romanization [transcription/transliteration] of Ἅννα [from Greek to Roman {Latin} letters]). The Phoenician (Punic) name Hannibal derives from the same Canaanite root and means \"My grace is Baal\". In the Books of Samuel of the Hebrew Bible, Hannah is the mother of the prophet Samuel. Hannah People Hannah Adams (1755–1831), American author Hannah Aldworth (died 1778), English philanthropist Hannah Allen (1638–1668x1708), British writer Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), German philosopher Hannah Idowu Dideolu Awolowo (1915–2015), Nigerian businesswoman and politician Hannah Brier (born 1998), British sprinter Hannah Brown (born 1994), American television personality and model Hannah Callowhill Penn (1671–1727), second wife of William Penn Hannah Clarke (1988–2020), Australian sportsperson and murder victim Hannah Cowley (1743–1809), American dramatist and poet Hannah Dodd (born 1995), English actress Hannah Dreier, American journalist Hannah Duston (1657–c. 1736), Indian fighter Hannah Dakota Fanning (born 1994), American actress, known as Dakota Fanning Hannah Ferguson (born 1992), American model Hannah Foster (1985–2003), British murder victim Hannah Friedman (born 1986), American writer, director, and musician Hannah Fry (born 1984), British mathematician Hannah Gadsby (born 1978), Australian comedian Hannah Glasse (1708–1770), English cookbook writer Hannah Gordon (born 1941), Scottish actress Hannah Flagg Gould (1789–1864), American poet Hannah Gross (born 1992), Canadian actress Hannah Hart (born 1986), American internet personality, comedian, actress and author Hannah Hauxwell (1926–2018), Yorkshire Dales farmer Hannah Höch (1889–1978), German Dada artist Hannah Hodson (born 1991), American actress, journalist Hannah Ild (born 1981), Estonian singer Hannah Jones, multiple people Hannah Kallem (1865–1937), Norwegian-born American army nurse Hannah T. King (1808–1886), British-American writer, pioneer Hannah Lowe (born 1976), British writer Hannah Lyman (1816–1871), American educator, biographer Hannah Mancini (born 1980), American-Slovenian singer Hannah Marks (born 1993), American actress, writer Hannah Miley (born 1989), Scottish swimmer Hannah More (1745–1833), English religious writer and philanthropist Hannah Peel (born 1984), Northern Irish musician Hannah Maynard Pickard (1812–1844), American school teacher, preceptress, author Hannah Pingree (born 1976), majority leader and Speaker of the House in the Maine House of Representatives Hannah Pritchard (1711–1768), English actress Hannah Reid (born 1989), English singer of London Grammar Hannah Reynolds (soccer) (born 1998), American soccer player Hannah Rigby (c.1794–1853), Australian convict Hannah Robinson, British songwriter Hannah Rueben (born 1994), Nigerian wrestler Hannah Semer (1925–2003), Israeli journalist Hannah Spearritt (born 1981), English singer and actress Hannah Stockbauer (born 1982), German swimmer Hannah Stocking (born 1992), American internet personality, comedian, model and actress Hannah Storm (born 1962), American co-host of The Early Show Hannah Stuelke (born c. 2004), American basketball player Hannah Szenes (1921–1944), Hungarian Jew arrested during the Second World War Hannah Tan (born 1981), Malaysian singer-songwriter Hannah Taylor-Gordon (born 1987) English actress, Anne Frank: The Whole Story Hannah","title":"Hannah (name)"},{"docid":"2323382","text":"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible is an evolving means of interacting with God, most frequently through a spontaneous, individual or collective, unorganized form of petitioning and/or thanking. Standardized prayer such as is done today is non-existent. However, beginning in Deuteronomy, the Bible lays the groundwork for organized prayer including basic liturgical guidelines, and by the Bible's later books, prayer has evolved to a more standardized form, although still radically different from the form practiced by modern Jews. Individual prayer is described by the Tanakh two ways. The first of these is when prayer is described as occurring, and a result is achieved, but no further information regarding a person's prayer is given. In these instances, such as with Isaac, Moses, Samuel, and Job, the act of praying is a method of changing a situation for the better. The second way in which prayer is depicted is through fully fleshed out episodes of prayer, where a person's prayer is related in full. Many famous biblical personalities have such a prayer, including every major character from Hannah to Hezekiah. Individual prayer Often in the Hebrew Bible, individuals spontaneously pray to God when faced with difficulty or having avoided it. As mentioned above, these prayers are not always given in full, however, many are. Certain themes appear throughout the Tanakh's portrayal of this prayer type. One of the most significant is the idea of an argumentation, which is frequently described by the text or its interpreters. Listed chronologically below are these occurrences of recorded individual prayer. Abraham The first notable prayer whose text is recorded in the Torah and Hebrew Bible occurs when Abraham pleads with God not to destroy the people of Sodom, where his nephew Lot lives. He bargains with God not to destroy the city if there are fifty good men within, and eventually lowers the total to ten. God sends two angels to the city, which is ultimately destroyed with \"burning sulfur\" when they cannot find the ten requisite good people. Eliezer When Abraham is an old man, he makes his head servant, who while not named specifically, is almost certainly Eliezer of Damascus, promise to find his son Isaac a wife from his people to marry. Eliezer expresses uncertainty that a woman will agree to return to Abraham's household, especially since he is told not to take Isaac with him. In response, Abraham tells Eliezer that God will send an angel to assure his success in his mission. Eliezer, however, upon reaching the town of Nahor's well during evening, when the women of the city would draw water, begins to pray. Eliezer's prayer makes very specific of God, hoping that God will make clear which woman is to be Isaac's wife. It takes on a petitioning tone, as opposed to the argumentative one prominent in the prayers of other characters, including his master, whose relationship and interactions with God are very different. Before he has finished with his prayer, his requests begin to be granted, and sees that","title":"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible"},{"docid":"28139796","text":"Joseph Curr (1793 – 29 June 1847) was a Roman Catholic priest and author who was called a \"martyr of charity\" for his work in Leeds in the typhus epidemic of 1847. Biography The son of civil engineer John Curr and Hannah Curr (née Wilson), he was born in Sheffield on 14 April 1793, baptized by his godfather, Richard Rimmer, at the Catholic Chapel in Norfolk Row on 6 May. He had one brother, John, and six sisters. Curr was educated at Crook Hall, County Durham, and in 1808 went to the seminary at Ushaw College. After being ordained he served in a number of different locations: Old St. Chad mission in Rook Street, Manchester (until 1820) St. Augustine mission in Granby Row, Manchester (1820-1822) Stockton-on-Tees (1822-1826) Ashton in Makerfield (1826-1830) La Trappe Abbey in France (1830-?) Ushaw (?-1833) Callaby Castle in Northumberland (1833-1837) Sheffield mission (1837-1839) St. Alban's mission, Blackburn (1839-1842) Whitby (1842-1846) In 1847, St. Ann's in Leeds was suffering from a shortage of Catholic priests, due to an epidemic; Curr volunteered to serve there, where he died from typhus on 29 June 1847. He was buried at St. Patrick's on York road, along with the other four priests who died in the epidemic. Works Curr was a prolific writer, particularly in his feud with the local Bible Association. Among his notable opponents were and William Roby, whom Curr debated on topics including his opposition to lay Christians reading and interpreting the Bible themselves. His principal works include: A Discourse delivered at St. Augustine's Chapel, Manchester, at the funeral of the Rev. Rowland Broomhead The Instructor's Assistant Visits to the Blessed Sacrament and to the Blessed Virgin Spiritual Retreat (adapted from Bourdaloue) Familiar Instructions in the Faith and Morality of the Catholic Church A Letter to Sir Oswald Mosley, Baronet, President of the Manchester and Salford Auxiliary Bible Society An address to the Public occasioned by the recent letters of the Rev. Melville Home and the Rev. Nathaniel Gilbert on the subject of bible associations Catholicism: or the old rule of faith vindicated from the attack of W. Rob References Attribution 1793 births 1847 deaths 19th-century English Roman Catholic priests Clergy from Sheffield Deaths from typhus in the United Kingdom Alumni of Ushaw College","title":"Joseph Curr"},{"docid":"5749529","text":"Hannah Elizabeth Milhous Nixon (March 7, 1885 – September 30, 1967) was the mother of U.S. president Richard Nixon. Richard described his mother as \"a Quaker saint\". On May 9, 1970 (Richard Nixon's visit to the Lincoln Memorial), he insisted on stopping at the United States Capitol, where he took his former seat in the chamber of the U.S. House of Representatives and instructed his valet Manolo Sanchez to make a speech. Sanchez spoke of his pride in being a citizen of the United States and Richard and some female cleaners who were present applauded. One of the women present, Carrie Moore, asked Richard to sign her bible, which he did, and holding her hand told her that his mother \"was a saint\" and \"you be a saint too\". Hannah Nixon is acknowledged to have exerted a tremendous effect on her son's outlook throughout his life. In Richard's final remarks at the White House on August 9, 1974, he said, \"Nobody will ever write a book, probably, about my mother. Well, I guess all of you would say this about your mother – my mother was a saint. And I think of her, two boys dying of tuberculosis, nursing four others in order that she could take care of my older brother for three years in Arizona, and seeing each of them die, and when they died, it was like one of her own. Yes, she will have no books written about her. But she was a saint.\" Early life She was born Hannah Elizabeth Milhous near Butlerville, Indiana, the daughter of Almira Park (née Burdg; 1849–1943), who was from Columbiana County, Ohio, and Franklin Milhous (1848–1919), a native of Colerain Township, Belmont County, Ohio. Family She was married to Francis A. Nixon and had five sons: Harold Samuel Nixon (June 1, 1909 – March 7, 1933) Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994), 37th president of the United States, married to Thelma Catherine Patricia Ryan and had two daughters. Francis Donald Nixon (November 23, 1914 – June 27, 1987), married to Clara Jane Lemke and had three children, including Donald A. Nixon Arthur Burdg Nixon (May 26, 1918 – August 10, 1925) Edward Calvert Nixon (May 3, 1930 – February 27, 2019) In popular culture Mary Steenburgen portrayed Hannah Nixon in the 1995 Oliver Stone film Nixon. References 1885 births 1967 deaths American Quakers Burials at Rose Hills Memorial Park Housewives Mothers of presidents of the United States Mothers of vice presidents of the United States Nixon family People from Jennings County, Indiana","title":"Hannah Milhous Nixon"},{"docid":"2741","text":"Abigail () was an Israelite woman in the Hebrew Bible married to Nabal; she married the future King David after Nabal's death (1 Samuel ). Abigail was David's third wife, after Ahinoam and Saul's daughter, Michal, whom Saul later married to Palti, son of Laish, when David went into hiding. Abigail became the mother of one of David's sons, who is listed in the Book of Chronicles under the name Daniel, in the Masoretic Text of the Books of Samuel as Chileab, and in the Septuagint text of 2 Samuel 3:3 as Δαλουια, Dalouia. Her name is spelled Abigal in in the American Standard Version. Name Derived from the Hebrew word ab, \"father\", and the Hebrew root g-y-l, \"to rejoice,\" the name Abigail has a variety of possible meanings including \"my father's joy\" and \"source of joy\". Biblical narrative In 1 Samuel 25, Nabal demonstrates ingratitude towards David, the son of Jesse (from the tribe of Judah), and Abigail attempts to placate David, in order to stop the future King from taking revenge. She gives him food, and speaks to him, urging him not to \"have on his conscience the staggering burden of needless bloodshed\" (verse 31, NIV) and reminding him that God will make him a \"lasting dynasty\" (verse 28). Jon Levenson calls this an \"undeniable adumbration\" of Nathan's prophecy in 2 Samuel 7. Alice Bach notes that Abigail pronounces a \"crucial prophecy,\" and the Talmud regards her as one of the Tanakh's seven female prophets. Levenson, however, suggests that she \"senses the drift of history\" from intelligence rather than from special revelation. After Abigail reveals to Nabal what she has done, \"God struck Nabal and he died\" (v. 38), after which David married her. Abigail is described as intelligent and beautiful. The Talmud amplifies this idea, mentioning her as being one of the \"four women of surpassing beauty in the world\" (the other three being Rahab, Sarah, and Esther). Being married to the wealthy Nabal, she is also a woman of high socioeconomic status. Whether David married her because he was attracted to her, or as an astute political move, or both is unclear. Abigail and David's second wife, Ahinoam the Jezreelite, accompany David and his war band as they seek refuge in Philistine territory. While David and his men are encamped near Jezreel, the women are captured by Amalekites who raided the town of Ziklag and carried off the women and children. David led the pursuit, and they were subsequently rescued. Both wives then settle with David in Hebron, where Abigail gives birth to David's second son, Chileab (also called Daniel). Abigail is also listed as one of the seven Jewish women prophets, the other six being Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Sarah, Huldah, and Esther. In terms of her moral character, Abraham Kuyper argues that Abigail's conduct indicates \"a most appealing character and unwavering faith,\" but Alice Bach regards her as subversive. Adele Berlin contrasts the story of Abigail with that of Bathsheba. In one, the wife prevents","title":"Abigail"},{"docid":"53582340","text":"David Brown (1763–1812) was an English chaplain in Bengal and founder of the Calcutta Bible Society. Life He was born in Yorkshire, and was educated first under private tuition at Scarborough, and then at a grammar school at Hull under Joseph Milner. He entered Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1782 as a sizar. Brown did not take a degree, but was ordained deacon in the Church of England in 1785, by Richard Watson. He was appointed to a chaplaincy in Bengal. Brown reached Calcutta in 1786, and was placed in charge of an orphanage. At the same time he was appointed chaplain to the brigade at Fort William. In addition to these duties Brown took charge of the Old Mission Church of Calcutta. That year he met Charles Grant, and put together a \"Proposal for Establishing a Protestant Mission in Bengal\". It was passed to Charles Simeon, and then to William Wilberforce. Grant returned to Great Britain, and recruitment of evangelical chaplains for India got under way. In 1788 Brown gave up the orphanage position, incompatible with his work as pastor at the Old Mission Church, founded by John Kiernander. In 1794 Brown was appointed presidency chaplain. Among his close friends were Henry Martyn, Claudius Buchanan, and Thomas Thomason. He became senior chaplain in 1797, when Thomas Blanshard left. In 1803 Brown bought Aldeen House in Serampore, and made it his home. The grounds included a deserted temple. At this time Serampore was a colony of Danish India, and while the East India Company opposed missionary activity, the Lutheran Danish government was sympathetic, in particular to William Carey. Under the name the Pagoda, the abandoned Radha-vallabha temple next to the River Hooghly was used as an oratory by Henry Martyn, who often stayed with Brown. Aldeen House became a place of meeting of Baptist missionaries such as Carey, and the group of evangelical Anglican chaplains in Bengal. While personal relations were good, there were also tensions: Brown opposed Baptist efforts with the Calcutta Benevolent Institution, a free school, and there was a power struggle within the Serampore mission. Brown's health was failing in 1812. He embarked, for the benefit of sea air, in a vessel bound for Madras, which was wrecked on the voyage down the Bay of Bengal. The passengers and crew were rescued by another vessel and taken back to Calcutta. Brown died on 14 June 1812, at the house in Chowringhee of John Herbert Harington, president of the Calcutta Bible Society set up in 1811, as he was the secretary. Funeral sermons were preached by Daniel Corrie and Thomas Thomason. Family Brown married, first, a Miss Robinson of Hull, who died in 1794; and then in 1796, to Frances Cowley, daughter of Hannah Cowley. On his death he left nine children. Buchanan mentioned three sons, who had been schooled in languages. The family received support from the East India Company, moved to London, and Frances Brown died in Bristol, in 1822. Brown's children were: Jane Grant (1792–1821), the","title":"David Brown (East India Company chaplain)"},{"docid":"69166601","text":"Hannah Tamaki JP (née Lee; born 1960) is the wife of Brian Tamaki, the leader of the Pentecostal fundamentalist movement Destiny Church. She is also the leader of the Christian fundamentalist political party Vision NZ. Personal life Hannah Lee was born in Tokoroa in 1960 as the daughter of a European father named Basil Lee and a Māori mother named Polly. She has seven half-brothers and half-sisters. Basil worked as the foreman of the Tokoroa cheese factory. Hannah is the wife of Brian Tamaki, the leader of Destiny Church. The couple have three children and six grandchildren. Meeting Brian and religious conversion Hannah attended Tokoroa High School where she played netball, softball and hash harriers. In 1976, she dropped out of school at the age of 15 and found work at the SuperValue supermarket in Tokoroa. She met her future husband Brian Tamaki (who was two years older) and the two developed a romantic relationship. In August 1978, the couple moved to Te Awamutu where Brian became the manager at a dairy farm belonging to one of his relatives. In February 1979, Hannah gave birth to the couple's first child, Jasmine. Hannah bore a second daughter, named Jamie, 14 months later. In early 1979, Hannah underwent a \"born-again\" experience after Brian's parents Duke and Margaret Tamaki underwent a born-again experience following a meeting with Pastor Roy Beach, a former motorcycle-gang member turned pastor. The couple subsequently returned to Tokoroa in August 1979, staying with Basil. Hannah resumed her supermarket job while Brian found work tree-felling. Brian subsequently underwent a similar born-again experience in late 1979. The couple married on 22 March 1980. In January 1982, Hannah and her daughters accompanied her husband Brian to Te Nikau Bible College near Paraparaumu, which was affiliated with Pentecostal and Charismatic movements. During that period, Hannah gave birth to a son named Samuel. Hannah also took two courses at the Bible college, gaining an understanding of Christian theology. After Brian completed his ministerial training at Te Nikau Bible College, Hannah returned to her supermarket job. Brian took up a leadership role at Tokoroa Apostolic Church and became the manager of government employment-scheme. Hannah accompanied her husband as he pastored Rosetown Community Church in Te Awamutu and Lake City Church in Rotorua during the 1980s and 1990s. While in Te Awamutu, Hannah coached a netball team in order to increase their church's local contacts. In 1994, Brian seceded from the Apostolic Church denomination and founded his own movement, which subsequently became known as Destiny Church. Destiny Church In 1998, the Tamakis moved to Auckland and established City Church Auckland, which opened on 4 July. Destiny Church regards this date as its official commencement. Around 2002, Hannah Tamaki founded the Healing Hands Ministry as a small organisation to earn money from the Destiny women's meetings and to support people undergoing treatment, particularly for cancer. According to the historian Peter Lineham, Hannah served as the \"business brains\" of Destiny Church, complementing her husband Brian who was primarily","title":"Hannah Tamaki"},{"docid":"30613315","text":"Samuel Kneeland ( 1696 – 14 December 1769) was an American printer and publisher of The Boston Gazette and Weekly Journal. Kneeland obtained much of his work printing laws and other official documents for the Province of Massachusetts Bay colonial government for about two decades. He printed the first Bible in the English language ever produced in the American colonies, along with many other religious and spiritual works, including the Book of Psalms. He was also noted for introducing a number of innovations to newspaper printing and journalism. He was one of many colonial printers who were strongly opposed to and outspoken against the Stamp Act in 1765. Kneeland, primarily, along with his sons, were responsible for printing the greater majority of books, magazines and pamphlets published in Boston during his lifetime. Early life and family heritage Samuel Kneeland was born in Boston and entered into the printing business around 1718. His parents were John Kneeland and Mary (Green) Kneeland, who had eight children, of which he was the third born. He was named after his grandfather, Samuel Green, a printer in Boston, and his great-grandfather, Samuel Green, of Cambridge, England, the publisher of the Cambridge Bible. His printing shop was located on Prison lane, now called Court Street, at the corner of Dorset's alley in Boston. This building was used for eighty years as a printing house by Kneeland and his sons and grandsons. On February 8, 1721, Kneeland married Mary Alden, of Boston, a granddaughter of Captain John Alden, a merchant, politician and sailor of Boston. He had respectable friends, who helped him get started in the printing business with the capitol to acquire the necessary printing materials when he became of age. His younger sister, Hannah Kneeland, born 1703, married Jeremiah Townsend, of Boston, on April 16, 1734. Kneeland was the father of four sons, all of whom became printers. Two of them, John and Daniel set up a press, and entered into partnership before their father's death, while other two were never to established their own businesses. Samuel Kneeland and his sons, with their various partnerships, continued to capture the greater large share of the printing business in Boston. It is estimated that between 1705 and 1785, three out of four books printed and published in Boston bore the Kneeland imprint. Career Kneeland was apprenticed to Bartholomew Green, and was considered a good workman, industrious and earnest in his business manner. For many years he was a printer to the Province of Massachusetts Bay government and council, printing their laws, acts charters and journals and other legal documents. Sometime before 1740, Kneeland took on Daniel Fowle as an apprentice, who went on to become a successful printer. Kneeland, proposed to add a number of new features in his practice of journalism, including the introduction of an organized corps of correspondents of \"the most knowing and ingenious gentlemen in several noted towns\", to seek out and gather news. He also made proposed to publish on a weekly","title":"Samuel Kneeland (printer)"},{"docid":"50850893","text":"The Smiths of Glastonbury were two generations of women—a mother and her five daughters—residing in Glastonbury, Connecticut, in the late 18th and 19th century who were early champions of education, abolition, and women's rights. Kimberly Mansion, their former home on Main Street, is now a designated National Historic Landmark, and the family as a whole was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994. The family The mother of the family, Hannah Hadassah (Hickok) Smith (1767–1850), was married to a prosperous Nonconformist clergyman, Zephaniah Smith. Zephaniah left the ministry due to a religious dispute and became a farmer and lawyer in Glastonbury. Hannah was conversant in the classics and saw to it that her daughters were exceptionally well educated. The author of an early anti-slavery petition, she was an abolitionist who helped slaves escape through the Underground Railroad. The five daughters were: Hancy Zephinia Smith (1787–1871), an active abolitionist Cyrinthia Sacretia Smith (1788–1864), a horticulturalist Laurilla Aleroyla Smith (1789–1837), a teacher at Catharine Beecher's seminary Julia Evelina Smith (1792–1886), a teacher at Emma Willard's school who became the first woman to translate the entire Bible from its original languages; a suffragist; and the author of a book, Abby Smith and Her Cows, about a suffrage-related tax battle with the Glastonbury authorities Abby Hadassah Smith (1797–1878), a public speaker on suffrage and a protagonist in the tax battle detailed in her sister Julia's book Unusually for the period, four of the daughters did not marry, while the fifth (Julia) married only at the age of 87. Glastonbury's middle school, Smith Middle School, is named after the family. See also Julia E. Smith Parker Translation References American families Suffragists from Connecticut American women's rights activists People from Glastonbury, Connecticut","title":"Smiths of Glastonbury"},{"docid":"20733244","text":"The Bulwark is a 1946 (posthumous) novel by Theodore Dreiser. Plot summary Hannah and Rufus Barnes, both Quakers, move out of Maine to Trenton, New Jersey, where Hannah's widowed sister lives. Their son Solon, the protagonist, meets Benecia Wallin; although she is affluent and he is not, they get married. Solon works in a bank in Philadelphia, where his Quaker values are contrary to financial ethos. He summons a bank examiner from Washington DC to stop the corrupt practices of some chief executives. Eventually, he resigns. Meanwhile, two of his offspring, Etta and Stewart, repudiate their Quaker upbringing. While Orville gets married and Isobel works in a college, Etta moves to Wisconsin and then Greenwich Village under the influence of one of her friends, Volida La Porte. She has an affair with a painter, until he decides to go West to further his career. Moreover, Stewart accidentally kills one of his dates and commits suicide shortly after. Eventually, Benecia dies upon Etta's return; Solon dies of cancer as Etta watches over him. Allusions to actual history Quaker figures by George Fox and John Woolman, with his Journals, are mentioned. Financiers such as Nicholas Biddle, Anthony Joseph Drexel I, George Dunton Widener, the Vanderbilt family, Jay Gould, J. P. Morgan, and John D. Rockefeller are mentioned. Allusions to other works The Quaker Book of Discipline and the Bible are mentioned. Mrs Tennet tells Orville about Fairy Berulyne. Later, Volida lends Etta a copy of The Lady of the Camellias by Alexandre Dumas, fils. Later, Etta also reads La Cousine Bette by Balzac, Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and Daudet's Sappho. Jack and the Beanstalk, Charles Perrault's Bluebeard, and Sinbad the Sailor are also mentioned. Literary significance and criticism Theodore Dreiser started working on this novel as early as 1914. It was published posthumously, one year after Dreiser's death. Dreiser read John Woolman's Journals in 1939. It has been suggested that Dreiser's reading of Thoreau in 1938 influenced some passages. The novel has been described as an allegory, where Solon is the figure of a saint. Moreover, it has been suggested that Solon Barnes was informed by Theodore Dreiser's own father, John Paul Dreiser. References 1946 American novels Novels by Theodore Dreiser Novels published posthumously Doubleday (publisher) books","title":"The Bulwark (novel)"},{"docid":"61275579","text":"George Brown (January 10, 1746 – June 19, 1836) was a Rhode Island politician and judge who served as a justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court from May 1796 to June 1799, and as the first lieutenant governor of Rhode Island from 1799 to 1800. Early life Brown was born in South Kingstown, Rhode Island, on January 10, 1746. He was the eldest of four sons born to Robert Brown, Esq. and his first wife, Sarah (née Franklin) Brown, who married in 1745. His younger brothers were William, John and Franklin Brown. Some sources indicate Brown's mother, Sarah Franklin was a relative of Benjamin Franklin. Career Like his father Robert, George was an attorney at law in Rhode Island. He served as a representative in the Rhode Island General Assembly and in 1796 was elected by the Legislature as the second justice of the state supreme court, holding that office until 1799. From 1799 to 1800, Brown served as the lieutenant governor of Rhode Island under Governor Arthur Fenner. Brown defeated the incumbent lieutenant governor Samuel J. Potter, served his term and was in turn defeated by Potter who succeeded him. Brown owned a nearly four hundred acre farm in South Kingstown, which \"formerly constituted one of the most eligible tracts of the Hazards' Boston Neck estates.\" The head farmer on his estate was John Perry, father of Robinson Perry, and a cousin of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry. Personal life On April 24, 1768, Brown was married to Hannah Robinson (1751–1822) in Narragansett, Rhode Island. Hannah was the daughter of William Robinson and Hannah (née Brown) Robinson and the granddaughter of William Robinson who served as the 28th and 30th Deputy Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. George and Hannah were the parents of nine children together, including: Elizabeth Brown (1769–1855), who married Benjamin Robinson in 1791. George Brown (d. 1864), who married Mary Brown (d. 1842). Abby Brown (d. 1852) William Brown (1776–1824), who married Ann Dockray (1779–1845). Sarah Brown (1778–1804), who married John J. Watson (1774–1852) in 1798. Ann Brown (1783–1872) Hannah Brown (1785–1872), who married Rowse Babcock (1773–1841) in 1801. John Brown (1792–1833), who married Mary Elizabeth Robinson (1794–1866). Brown died on June 19, 1836, and was buried in River Bend Cemetery in Westerly, Rhode Island. References External links 1746 births 1836 deaths People from South Kingstown, Rhode Island Members of the Rhode Island General Assembly Justices of the Rhode Island Supreme Court Lieutenant Governors of Rhode Island","title":"George Brown (Rhode Island politician)"},{"docid":"46502410","text":"Hannah and John Edward Peck were an American married couple that were poisoned with arsenic by their son-in-law Arthur Warren Waite in 1916. The murders Arthur Warren Waite married Clara Louise Peck, the daughter of Hannah M. Peck (nee Carpenter) and John Edward Peck on September 9, 1915, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Hannah Peck was poisoned with arsenic and died on January 30, 1916, at the home of Waite and his wife and the victim's daughter Clara Peck. John Peck travelled from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Manhattan, New York City and he died on March 21, 1916. Waite poisoned him during a dental exam and gave him additional arsenic in his food. When the death was too slow he gave him ether and smothered him with a pillow. Waite was found guilty and sentenced to death via electrocution at Sing Sing on May 24, 1917. Perpetrator Arthur Warren Waite (December 2, 1887 – May 24, 1917) He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan to Warren W. Wait and Sarah Jane Haines. He claimed to be a physician and took a course in dentistry at the University of Michigan and then studied at the University of Glasgow. Subsequently, despite the fact that he was listed in directories as \"Dr. Waite\", he was never a registered physician, nor practiced dentistry. Victims John Edward Peck (March 4, 1844 – March 21, 1916) He was born in Newburg, New York, to Elias Peck and Catherine Millard. He married Hannah M. Carpenter in 1876. He died at 435 Riverside Drive in Manhattan, New York City at the home of Arthur. He founded Peck Brothers Drug Co. with his brother Thomas M. Peck and sold it for several million dollars. He was a director of several banks and held stocks in Furniture companies. Hannah M. Carpenter Peck (April 24, 1854 – January 30, 1916) was born in New York City. She married John Edward Peck. She was poisoned by Arthur Warren Waite. Family of victims Percy Seaman Peck (1878–1974) was the son of Hannah and John Edward Peck. He testified at the murder trial of Arthur Warren Waite. Waite's wife Clara Louise Peck Waite (1887–1964) was the daughter of Hannah and John Edward Peck, and the wife of Arthur Warren Waite. She was poisoned, and became ill, but recovered. She later married John J. Caulfield (1883–1952). Margaret Horton Margaret Horton was a cabaret singer who was having an affair with the married Arthur Warren Waite. References 1916 murders in the United States Murder in New Jersey Peck, Hannah M. Carpenter Peck, John Edward American murder victims Deaths by poisoning 1916 in New Jersey","title":"Murder of Hannah and John E. Peck"},{"docid":"74065435","text":"Hannah Gifford was the teacher at a free school that was \"one of the most striking achievements of puritan Dorchester\" that operated between 1651 and 1668. The town paid for her salary, books, bibles and clothing for dozens of poor children. Life Gifford came to notice in 1651 when the town of Dorchester decided to create and fund a school. The Thomas Hardye School (for boys) was already operating but there was no school for the poor. The corporation agreed to pay her £10 a year to look after 30 pupils and to make that up to £12 if there was more than thirty children. In the event there were more than sixty prospective pupils who came either for the education or the offer of free clothing. A few of the recipients of the clothing lost interest after it was received. Gifford had been born Hannah Gilpin and her father Bernard Galpin had left for America in 1630 on board the Mary and John. She had married Robert Gifford the year before and she and Robert decided to stay. However they were not rich, but they were religious. Robert Gifford was given a charity payment in the 1640s. Her teaching at the new school was commended. She taught the children to read and to know the catechism. The school had been formed to improve the moral and spiritual well-being and the town paid for bibles and books which were supplied by John Long and William Churchill. The school was said to be \"one of the most striking achievements of puritan Dorchester\". It was maintained by a payment made on the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot. The school was operating in 1668 with her as teacher but the school had stopped by 1676. References School principals and headteachers People from Dorchester, Dorset 17th-century English women","title":"Hannah Gifford"},{"docid":"55263809","text":"Eunice Hale Cobb (; January 27, 1803 – May 2, 1880) was an American writer, public speaker, and activist. She was born in Kennebunk, Maine, in 1803 and she married Rev. Sylvanus Cobb in Hallowell, Maine, in 1822. She was a devoted and efficient assistant to his religious work as a Universalist preacher. Her eldest son, Sylvanus, Jr., derived much of his noted faculty for story-telling from her practice of telling him stories – often continued from evening to evening, as he sat at her feet when a child. She wrote hymns, and occasional poems, and obituary lines. Her faith in God was expressed in all her poetry. As a public speaker, she was very persuasive and convincing. She was the first female president of the Ladies Physiological Institute, of Boston, and served it in that capacity for some 15 years. She died in 1880. Early life and education Eunice Hale Waite was born in Kennebunk, January 27, 1803, the second child of Elizabeth Stanwood and Captain Hale Waite. Her father had removed to Kennebunk from Ipswich, Massachusetts, a short time before Cobb was born, and he returned there soon after her birth, so that Ipswich was associated with her earliest childhood. Captain Waite died when Cobb was five years old, leaving a widowed mother and four children, two of whom died at a very early age. After her father's death, Cobb was cared for by her maternal grandparents, who were Calvinists. At the age of ten, her mother married Samuel Locke (1784-1873), of Hallowell, a man of liberal education who was a school preceptor by profession. He was known to have exerted an influence on his stepdaughter. Thoroughly imbued with the Calvinistic doctrine by her grandparents, Cobb, at an early age, became a prominent member of the Baptist church of Hallowell. Asking her stepfather for spiritual guidance, he responded: \"I will not try to shake your faith, but I would have you study candidly, patiently, intelligently, fearlessly, the Bible.\" Family Of her genealogy, the following was contained in a son's memoir: — Thomas Waite of Ipswich is first mentioned in 1658. He was appointed sergeant in 1664. His wife was complained of before the court for wearing a silk dress, but it was decided that she was entitled to do so. From various circumstances, it is supposed that Thomas Waite was of the same family with the Maiden Waites, and with'them descended from Samuel Waite of Wethersfield, Essex County, England; but the evidence of such descent seems unattainable. Of his five children, the second son, John, was born in 1658, died May 21, 1736. He married for his first wife, Kathren Carroll, August 14, 1685; for second wife, Hannah Dorr, November 16, 1712. Their children numbered eight. Jonadab, the third son, was born February 20, 1690, married Hannah Adams, September 11, 1725, and died July 6, 1761. They had one child, John, baptized August 17, 1729. He was married to Sarah Kimball, November 30, 1749; died in February 1752,","title":"Eunice Hale Cobb"},{"docid":"14881268","text":"The Conversion of Sum Loo is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Library in August 1900. Plot summary After his first wife dies without giving him the progeny his recently deceased father strongly wished him to have, Sum Chin, who grew up in China and now lives in San Francisco, decides to marry the daughter of a friend he had in China. They have a child together, Sum Wing, and baptise him. The child dies, and Sum Chin becomes very mournful; this was his last chance of living up to his patronym. His wife also keeps away from other people. Once, Sister Hannah follows her into a joss house and sees her tear away pages from the Bible. Characters Sum Chin, a trader of 'Chinese bronzes and bric-a-brac in San Francisco'. He grew up in Nanjing, where he liked to read Chinese literature. Sum Loo, Sum Chin's wife. Sister Hannah Norman Girrard, a theological student at the Mission of the Heavenly Rest. He liked to do charcoal drawings in his youth. Later, he took to drinking absinthe and doing profane paintings. Te Wing, a 'purchasing agent' from Canton. He is Sum Loo's father. Sum Wing, Sum Chin and Loo's child, who dies soon after being baptised. Literary significance and criticism The Conversion of Sum Loo is a rewriting of Cather's earlier story, A Son of the Celestial. References External links Full Text at the Willa Cather Archive 1900 short stories Short stories by Willa Cather Works originally published in Library (journal)","title":"The Conversion of Sum Loo"},{"docid":"704445","text":"Zachary Macaulay (; 2 May 1768 – 13 May 1838) was a Scottish statistician and abolitionist who was a founder of London University and of the Society for the Suppression of Vice, and a Governor of British Sierra Leone. Early life Macaulay was born in Inveraray, Scotland, to Margaret Campbell and John Macaulay (1720 – 1789), who was a minister of the Church of Scotland and a grandson of Dòmhnall Cam. He had two brothers: Aulay Macaulay, who was an antiquary, and Colin Macaulay, who was a general and an abolitionist. Zachary Macaulay was not educated in, but taught himself, Greek and Latin and English literature. Career Macaulay worked in a merchant's office in Glasgow, where he fell into bad company and began to indulge in excessive drinking. In late 1784, when aged 16 years, he emigrated to Jamaica, where he worked as an assistant manager at a sugar plantation, at which he objected to slavery as a consequence of which he, contrary to the preference of his father, renounced his job and returned in 1789 to London, where he reduced his alcoholism and became a bookkeeper. He was influenced by Thomas Babington of Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, an evangelical Whig abolitionist whom his sister Jean had married, and by whom he was influenced and introduced to William Wilberforce and Henry Thornton. Macaulay in 1790 visited Sierra Leone, the West African colony that was founded by the Sierra Leone Company for emancipated slaves. He returned in 1792 to serve on its Council, by which he was invested as Governor in 1794, as which he remained until 1799. Macaulay became a member of the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, with William Wilberforce, to campaign for the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. He later became the secretary of the African Institution. He and Wilberforce also became members of the Clapham Sect of evangelical Whigs, that included Henry Thornton and Edward Eliot, for whom he edited the magazine, the Christian Observer, from 1802 to 1816. Macaulay served on committees that established London University, and that established the Society for the Suppression of Vice. He was also a fellow of the Royal Society, and an active supporter of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and of the Cheap Repository Tracts, and of the Church Missionary Society. Macaulay contributed to the 1823 foundation of the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery, and he was editor of its publication, the Anti-Slavery Reporter, in which he censured the analysis of indentured labour by the British Colonial Office expert Thomas Moody However, Zachary Macaulay desired a 'free black peasantry' rather than equality for Africans. Macaulay died on 13 May 1838 in London, where he was buried in St George's Gardens, Bloomsbury, and where a memorial to him was erected in Westminster Abbey. Personal life Macaulay married Selina Mills, who was the daughter of the Quaker printer Thomas Mills. They were introduced by Hannah More on 26 August 1799. They settled in","title":"Zachary Macaulay"},{"docid":"76801546","text":"John Edwards Caldwell (February 2, 1769March 9, 1819) was an American author, philanthropist, and politician who co-founded the American Bible Society and the Christian Herald. Early life and family Caldwell was born in 1769, the son of James Caldwell and Hannah Ogden. His father was a Presbyterian minister who played a prominent part in the American Revolution and was known as the \"Fighting Parson\". Caldwell's family home was burned by Loyalists in 1780. After his father's murder in 1781, Caldwell was placed under the care of his legal guardian Elias Boudinot, who sent him to live in the home of Rev. Alexander MacWhorter. Caldwell was later adopted by Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, who took him with his family upon his return to France in 1782. Caldwell was educated in a French boarding school during that period. In 1785, Caldwell and the family of Lafayette dined with John Adams. In 1791, Caldwell returned to America and settled in Philadelphia, where his guardian Boudinot was living. Marriage In 1801, Caldwell married Hanna Wyck, and they had one daughter. Career In June 1801, Caldwell received a recess appointment by President Thomas Jefferson as Consular Agent for the West Indies and San Domingo. His appointment was confirmed by the United States Senate in January 1802. In 1802, he wrote to then-Secretary of State James Madison and provided an account of American vessels in port. Caldwell later moved to New York City. Caldwell was an early founder of the American Bible Society, and served as its general agent from 1878 until the rest of his life. In 1816, Caldwell made a founding donation to the society of $10,000. Caldwell was also the founder of the Christian Herald, and he served as editor and publisher of the first five volumes. In 1809, Caldwell published his first book, A Tour through Part of Virginia, In the Summer of 1808. Death and legacy Caldwell died in 1819 aged 50. He is buried at Middle Dutch Church. His portrait is in the permanent collection of the National Portrait Gallery. The John Edwards Caldwell Papers are in the permanent collection of the Library of Congress, and his 1809 book A Tour through Part of Virginia is in the collection of the United States National Library of Medicine. Works A Tour through Part of Virginia, In the Summer of 1808, 1809. Some Account of the Islands of the Azores, 1809. Scenes from a Cave Tour, 1808. The Christian Herald: Volume I, 1816. The Christian Herald: Volume II, 1816. The Christian Herald: Volume III, 1817. The Christian Herald: Volume IV, 1817. The Christian Herald: Volume V, 1818. References 1769 births 1819 deaths People from Elizabeth, New Jersey Historians of Virginia Historians of Colonial North America 18th-century American writers 19th-century American writers 19th-century American politicians 18th-century American politicians American Presbyterians","title":"John Edwards Caldwell"},{"docid":"44513342","text":"Serena Lake (née Thorne) (28 October 1842 – 9 July 1902) was an English Australian suffragist, temperance activist, and evangelical preacher in South Australia. Early life Serena Thorne was born in England at Shebbear, Devon. She was the daughter of Bible Christian Methodist preachers, Samuel and Mary Thorne. Her grandfather, William O’Bryan was the founder of the Bible Christian Church. Bible Christians allowed women preachers and by the age of 21 she was a widely known preacher through Devon, Cornwall and South Wales. Australia Serena Thorne was sent to preach and help establish Bible Christianity in Queensland, Australia in 1865 and in 1870 she was invited by Samuel Way and Dr Allan Campbell to preach at Bible Christian Churches in Adelaide, South Australia. She preached to large crowds in Adelaide and travelled widely amongst the parishes of South Australia. In March 1871 Lake married Reverend Octavius Lake (1841 – 9 September 1922), whom she had previously known in England. They were married by Rev. James Way in Samuel Way's house in Adelaide on 2 March 1871. Between 1873 and 1883 she gave birth to seven children only one of whom survived to adulthood. Women's Suffrage League In 1888 Lake was involved in the foundation meeting of the South Australian Women's Suffrage League and was appointed to the council. Lake believed gender equality was \"the original design of the Creator\" and combined her passion for women's suffrage with her evangelical passion. Lake shared platforms with suffragists such as Mary Lee, and used logic, wit and evangelical fervour to argue in favour of women's suffrage. Lake was a strong believer in the evils of alcohol and felt confident that once women had the vote it would help to end the liquor trade. Woman's Christian Temperance Union In 1889 Lake was appointed to the position of Colonial Organiser of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of South Australia as well as Suffrage superintendent of the Union. Lake travelled widely across South Australia, as well as to Broken Hill, to enrol new members and establish branches of the Union throughout country South Australia. She was, with Elizabeth Webb Nicholls (1850–1943), Maria Peacock Henderson, Mary Jane George, Hannah Chewings, and Sarah Lindsay Evans a trustee of the Union when it was incorporated in 1891. She also spread the women's suffrage message through the Union in her role as Suffrage superintendent. In an 1890 report to the Union, Lake recorded 27 new Unions she had organised across South Australia. Lake requested each of the 65 South Australian Unions to report on the works of their women's suffrage departments, however, in her 1891 report she noted that only half replied and some did not have suffrage departments. The 1891 report provided information on the progress of women's suffrage legislation and contained an appeal from Lake to members to spread the suffrage work. A quote from Lake's 1891 report states: \"The aim of our work is to wake both men and women up to the injustice and absurdity of","title":"Serena Lake"},{"docid":"58006058","text":"Lyman Burt Peet (March 1, 1809 - January 11, 1878; Chinese: 弼利民 or 弼來滿; Pinyin: Bì Lìmín or Bì Láimǎn; Foochow Romanized: Bĭk Lé-mìng or Bĭk Lài-muāng) was one of the first Congregationalist missionaries to Fuzhou, China. Life Lyman Burt Peet was born on March 1, 1809, in Cornwall, Vermont to Lemuel and Roxalany (Stebbins) Peet. He graduated from Middlebury College in 1834 and from Andover Theological Seminary in 1837. On December 13, 1837, he was ordained in South Dennis, Massachusetts, and sailed as a missionary of the A.B.C.F.M. for Siam on July 6, 1839. In August 1846 he was transferred to Fuzhou and reached there in September 1847. Peet retired in 1871, and resided in West Haven, Connecticut until he died of dysentery on January 11, 1878. Peet married twice. In 1839 he married his first wife, Rebecca Clemence Sherrill, who died in Fuzhou in 1856. On June 6, 1858, he married Hannah Louisa Plimpton, who, after Peet's death, married to another ABCFM missionary in Fuzhou, Charles Hartwell. During his years in Fuzhou, he helped translate several portions of the Bible including the Book of Psalms, the Proverbs, and the Book of Job into the local Fuzhou dialect. References Presbyterian missionaries in China Christian missionaries in Fujian Presbyterian writers Middlebury College alumni Andover Theological Seminary alumni People from Cornwall, Vermont 1809 births 1878 deaths American expatriates in China American Presbyterian missionaries","title":"Lyman Burt Peet"},{"docid":"42750662","text":"Sarah Ewing Hall (October 30, 1761 – April 8, 1830) was an American educator, poet, and essayist of Christian literature. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the daughter of the Reverend John Ewing, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church and Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, and Hannah (Sergeant) Ewing. She was taught at home by her father and by his learned guests' instructive dialogues. Her favorite subject was astronomy, where her father was an expert. She also gained vast knowledge of Greek and Latin when listening to her brothers recite. In 1782, she married John Hall, who was the son of a wealthy Maryland planter, and they had eleven children, residing in relative solitude on his farm in Maryland for the next eight years. In 1790 the family returned to Philadelphia where John Hall served as secretary of the Pennsylvania land office and a U.S. marshal from 1799 to 1801. In 1805 they moved to New Jersey, but later financial changes forced them to move back to Maryland, from where they returned to Philadelphia in 1811. Two of her sons were John Elihu Hall and James Hall, both of whom were prominent publishers and writers. She died in Philadelphia in 1830 and was buried in the Third Presbyterian Church burial ground. Writing career Hall was an essayist and wrote for Joseph Dennie's Port Folio, a Philadelphia Federalist magazine. In 1818 shw wrote Conversations on the Bible, which became her most notable work. in 1833, her essays and letters were compiled and published as Mrs. Sarah Hall, Author of Conversations on the Bible. Bibliography Conversations on the Bible (1818) Mrs. Sarah Hall, Author of Conversations on the Bible (1833) References 1761 births 1830 deaths Poets from Philadelphia American women poets 19th-century American poets 18th-century American poets American Christian writers American women essayists 19th-century American women writers 18th-century essayists 19th-century American essayists 18th-century American women writers Educators from Pennsylvania American women educators","title":"Sarah Ewing Hall"},{"docid":"5369370","text":"Black & Blue is a 1997 crime novel by Ian Rankin. The eighth of the Inspector Rebus novels, it was the first to be adapted in the Rebus television series starring John Hannah, airing in 2000. It is considered a landmark entry in the Tartan Noir genre. Plot summary Detective Inspector John Rebus is working on four cases at once trying to catch a killer he suspects of being the infamous Bible John. He has to do it while under an internal inquiry led by a man he has accused of taking bribes from Glasgow's \"Mr Big\". TV journalists are meanwhile investigating Rebus over a miscarriage of justice. Rebus travels between Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen and then on to Shetland and the North Sea. Full summary Set in Scotland around the mid-1990s, Black & Blue focuses on Detective Inspector Rebus. Transferred to Craigmillar, Rebus is investigating the Johnny Bible case. (The spree of recent killings bears a striking similarity to the factual \"Bible John\" case of the late 1960s.) Rebus resolves an ambiguous incident with his colleague Brian Holmes, regarding the alleged assault on the criminal Mental Minto. He becomes involved in investigating the brutal death of Allan Mitchison. At home, Rebus is fascinated by the Bible John killings, and studies them off-duty through old newspapers and reports. Rebus had also worked on the Spaven case with a former boss, Geddes; despite having arrested Spaven and found him with the victim's handbag, Rebus (and the press) are not convinced that the evidence wasn't planted. Spaven had continued to protest his innocence, including in a best-selling biography, before committing suicide in prison. Rebus starts investigating Mitchison's death, while assigning Holmes to research Geddes’ notes in the Spaven case, to return the favour for resolving the earlier incident with Minto. Suspecting Tony El of murdering Mitchison, Rebus puts out his description before heading to Partick to see Joseph Toal, a local crime boss who used to employ Tony El. The book switches to Bible John's viewpoint, who arrives in Scotland, apparently to pursue Johnny Bible, whom he calls \"the Upstart\". Investigating libraries, Bible John starts tracing anyone who has researched him. In Partick with CI Ancram and an old friend, DI Jack Morton, Rebus continues investigating Johnny Bible, and calls on his relationship with Cafferty, a gang lord in Edinburgh now behind bars. Because of his respect for Rebus despite his being a police officer, Cafferty arranges a meeting for him with Uncle Joe, where Rebus learns that Tony El is no longer working for Uncle Joe and apparently headed south. After a dispute with Ancram, Rebus heads back home. After meeting with Gill Templer, Rebus attempts to visit one of his colleague's snitches, only to find him dead in the canal. In an attempt to satisfy the press, the police open an inquiry into the Spaven case, and bring Rebus in as he is the only surviving person to have been closely involved. Attempting to stall talking to them, Rebus heads","title":"Black & Blue (Rankin novel)"},{"docid":"3359455","text":"Hannah O'Brien Chaplin Conant (, Chaplin; pen name, H. C. Conant; September 5, 1809February 18, 1865) was an American biblical scholar. Biography Hannah O'Brien Chaplin was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, September 5, 1809. Her father was a clergyman. In 1830, she was married to Thomas Jefferson Conant, and in 1838 she became the editor of The Mother's Journal. She translated from the German Strauss' Baptism in Jordan, Neander's commentary on Philippians, and works by other authors. Her works are The Earnest Man, an excellent biography of Adoniram Judson (1855), and a Popular History of English Bible Translation (1856). She was an able assistant in her husband's Hebrew studies. Selected works The earnest man : a sketch of the character and labors of Adoniram Judson, first missionary to Burmah (1855) Popular History of English Bible Translation (1856) The English Bible. History of the translation of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue. With specimens of the old English versions (1856) The popular history of the translation of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue. With specimens of the old English versions (1880) References 1809 births 1865 deaths Hannah People from Danvers, Massachusetts American biblical scholars German–English translators American magazine editors American women magazine editors 19th-century American journalists 19th-century American women journalists 19th-century American translators Female biblical scholars 19th-century pseudonymous writers","title":"Hannah O'Brien Chaplin"},{"docid":"11038490","text":"Lewis Sperry Chafer (February 27, 1871 – August 22, 1952) was an American theologian. He co-founded Dallas Theological Seminary with his older brother Rollin Thomas Chafer (1868-1940), served as its first president, and was an influential proponent of Christian Dispensationalism in the early 20th century. John Hannah described Chafer as a visionary Bible teacher, a minister of the gospel, a man of prayer with strong piety. One of his students, Charles Caldwell Ryrie, who went on to become a world renowned theologian and scholar, stated that Chafer was an evangelist who was also \"an eminent theologian.\" Biography Early life Chafer was born in Rock Creek, Ohio to Thomas and Lomira Chafer and was the second of three children. His father, a parson, died from tuberculosis when Lewis was 11 years old, and his mother supported the family by teaching school and keeping boarders in the family home. Chafer attended the Rock Creek Public School as a young boy, and the New Lyme Institution in New Lyme, Ohio from 1885 to 1888. Here he discovered a talent for music and choir. Chafer quit his studies at Oberlin to work with YMCA evangelist, Arthur T. Reed of Ohio. From 1889 to 1891, Chafer attended Oberlin College, where he met Ella Loraine Case. They were married April 22, 1896 and formed a traveling evangelistic music ministry, he singing or preaching and she playing the organ. Their marriage lasted until she died in 1944. Ministry Ordained in 1900 by a Council of Congregational Ministers in the First Congregational Church in Buffalo and in 1903 he ministered as an evangelist in the Presbytery of Troy in Massachusetts and became associated with the ministry of Cyrus Scofield, who became his mentor. During this early period, Chafer began writing and developing his theology. He taught Bible classes and music at the Mount Hermon School for Boys from 1906 to 1910. He joined the Orange Presbytery in 1912 due to the increasing influence of his ministry in the south. He aided Scofield in establishing the Philadelphia School of the Bible in 1913. From 1923 to 1925, he served as general secretary of the Central American Mission. When Scofield died in 1921, Chafer moved to Dallas, Texas to pastor the First Congregational Church of Dallas, an independent church where Scofield had ministered. Then, in 1924, Chafer and his friend William Henry Griffith Thomas realized their vision of a simple, Bible-teaching theological seminary and founded Dallas Theological Seminary (originally Evangelical Theological College). Chafer served as president of the seminary and professor of Systematic Theology from 1924 until his death. He died with friends while away at a conference in Seattle, Washington in August 1952. In 1953, the newly built chapel was designated the Lewis Sperry Chafer Chapel after the recently passed leader. During his life, Chafer received three honorary doctorates: Doctor of Divinity from Wheaton in 1926, Doctor of Letters from Dallas in 1942, and Doctor of Theology from the Aix-en-Province, France, Protestant Seminary in 1946. Chafer had a tremendous","title":"Lewis Sperry Chafer"},{"docid":"392071","text":"Major-General Sir Henry Havelock (5 April 1795 – 24 November 1857) was a British general who is particularly associated with India and his recapture of Cawnpore during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Early life Henry Havelock was born at Ford Hall, Bishopwearmouth (now in Sunderland), the son of William Havelock, a wealthy shipbuilder, and Jane, daughter of John Carter, solicitor, of Stockton-on-Tees. He was the second of four brothers, all of whom entered the army. The family moved to Ingress Park, Greenhithe, Kent, when Henry was still a child, and here his mother died in 1811. From January 1800 until August 1804 Henry attended Dartford Grammar School as a parlour boarder with the Master, Rev John Bradley, after which he was placed with his elder brother in the boarding-house of Dr. Raine, headmaster of Charterhouse School until he was 17. Among his contemporaries at Charterhouse were Connop Thirlwall, George Grote, William Hale, Julius Hare, and William Norris (Recorder of Penang), the last two being his special friends. Shortly after leaving Charterhouse his father lost his fortune by unsuccessful speculation, sold Ingress Hall, and removed to Clifton. In accordance with the desire of his mother he entered the Middle Temple in 1813, and became a pupil of Joseph Chitty; his fellow-student was Thomas Talfourd. Havelock was thrown upon his own resources, and obliged to abandon the law as a profession. By the good offices of his brother William, who had distinguished himself in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo, he obtained on 30 July 1815, at the age of 20, a post as second lieutenant in the 95th Regiment of Foot, Rifle Brigade, and was posted to the company of Captain Harry Smith, who encouraged him to study military history and the art of war. He was promoted lieutenant on 24 October 1821. During the following eight years of service in Britain he read extensively all the standard works and acquired a good acquaintance with the theory of war. India Seeing no prospect of active service, he resolved to go to India, and at the end of 1822 transferred into the 13th (1st Somersetshire) Regiment (Light Infantry), then commanded by Major Robert Sale, and embarked on the General Kyd in January 1823 for India. Before embarkation he studied the Persian and Hindustani languages with success under John Borthwick Gilchrist. During the voyage a brother officer, Lieutenant James Gardner, awakened in Havelock religious convictions which had slumbered since his mother's death, but henceforth became the guiding principle of his life. Havelock served with distinction in the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826), after which he returned to England and married Hannah Shepherd Marshman, the daughter of eminent Christian missionaries Dr. and Mrs. Joshua Marshman. At about the same time he became a Baptist, being baptized by John Mack at Serampore. He introduced some of his new family's missionary ideas to the army and began the distribution of bibles to all soldiers. He also introduced all-rank bible study classes and established the first non-church services","title":"Henry Havelock"},{"docid":"11184831","text":"Hana Catherine Mullens (1826–1861) was a European Christian missionary, educator, translator and writer. She was a leader of zenana missions, setting up schools for girls and writing what is arguably the first novel in Bengali. She spent most of her life in Calcutta, then the capital of British India (now Kolkata, West Bengal), and was fluent in the Bengali language. Early life and education Hana Catherine Lacroix was born in Calcutta. Her father was Alphonse François Lacroix, a Swiss Protestant missionary who went to Chinsurah in 1821 to preach Christianity on behalf of the London Missionary Society (LMS). Her mother, Hannah Herklots, was from a Dutch colonial family. Hana grew up in the mission in Bhowanipore, one of the Dihi Panchannagram villages then on the suburbs of the capital of the Raj. She learned Bengali, the language of her amah and other servants, at a period when Sanskrit was used only for liturgical and religious purposes; and Bengali was only a language of conversation. At the age of 12 she started teaching Bengali in a newly established school. She was educated mostly by her parents until the family travelled back to Europe when she was 15. Living in London gave her the opportunity to study at the Home and Colonial School Society, where she trained to be a teacher, and then returned to Calcutta. Career Educator In 1845, she married Joseph Mullens also of the LMS, who had travelled out to India on the same ship as her father. The missionary couple continued their work in Calcutta for a dozen years. Using her fluency in Bengali, Hana Catherine Mullens was head of a girls' boarding school, and taught Bible classes to women. It was at the invitation of Rev. Mullens, chairing the Bengal Missionary Conference of 1855, that Rev. John Fordyce first reported on his female teaching initiative in the zenana. (The word refers to the secluded living quarters of girls and women, similar to purdah.) Hana Catherine Mullens became known for her devotion to the outreach programme of the zenana missions. Shortly after the conference, she persuaded the widow of a Hindu doctor to accommodate zenana teaching in her home, and then negotiated other similar arrangements. These Indian Christians were known as Bible women. In 1858, she and her husband visited Britain to spread the word about their missionary work in India. By the time of her death in 1861, she had four zenanas under her care and was visiting a further eleven every afternoon. Writer She is credited by some with having written the first novel in the Bengali language, Phulmani O Karunar Bibaran (Description of Phulmani and Karuna), in 1852. It was aimed at native Christian women. This book was published six years before Peary Chand Mitra published his Alaler Gharer Dulal. There are other claimants to earlier novels. Nabababubilas published by Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay in 1825 is claimed as one but others think of it as being merely a story. Similar reservation has also been expressed","title":"Hana Catherine Mullens"},{"docid":"63305492","text":"Bible translations into Geʽez, an ancient South Semitic language of the Ethiopian branch, date back to the 6th century at least, making them one of the world's oldest Bible translations. Translations of the Bible in Ge'ez, in a predecessor of the Ge'ez script which did not possess vowels, were created between the 5th and 7th century, soon after the Christianization of Ethiopia in the 4th century. The milestones of the modern editions were the Roman edition of the New Testament in 1548 edited by Tasfa Seyon, which is the editio princeps, and the critical edition of the New Testament by Thomas P. Platt in 1830 (his edition of the Geʽez four Gospels was first published in 1826). The Garima Gospels are the oldest translation of the Bible in Ge'ez and the world's earliest complete illustrated Christian manuscript. Monastic tradition holds that they were composed close to the year 500, a date supported by recent radiocarbon analysis; samples from Garima 2 proposed a date of 390–570, while counterpart dating of samples from Garima 1 proposed a date of 530–660. The Garima Gospels is also thought to be the oldest surviving Geʽez manuscript. Ge'ez Bible manuscripts existed until at least the late 17th century. In 2009, the Ethiopian Catholic Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church associated themselves with the Bible Society of Ethiopia to produce a printed version of the Bible in Ge'ez. The New Testament was released in 2017. References Further reading Piovanelli, Pierluigi. \"Aksum and the Bible: Old Assumptions and New Perspectives.\" Aethiopica 21 (2018): 7-27. Open access Hannah, Darrell. \"The Vorlage of the Ethiopic Version of the Epistula Apostolorum: Greek or Arabic?.\" Beyond Canon: Early Christianity and the Ethiopic Textual Tradition (2020): 97ff. Knibb, Michael A. 2000. Translating the Bible: The Ethiopic Version of the Old Testament, by Michael A. Knibb. The Schweich Lectures for 1995. New York: Oxford University Press for the British Academy. Ullendorff, Edward, Ethiopia and the Bible: The Schweich Lectures (Oxford: British Academy, 1968) Zuurmond, Rochus. \"The Ethiopic Version of the New Testament.\" The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis (1995): 142–56. External links VETERIS TESTAMENTI AETHIOPICA, Ran HaCohen's text digitization of Augustus Dillmann's edited OT Apocrypha History of Christianity in Ethiopia Bible versions and translations Texts in Ge'ez","title":"Bible translations into Geʽez"},{"docid":"10133","text":"Elias Boudinot ( ; May 2, 1740 – October 24, 1821), a Founding Father of the United States, was a lawyer, statesman, and early abolitionist and women's rights advocate from Elizabeth, New Jersey. During the Revolutionary War, Boudinot was an intelligence officer and prisoner-of-war commissary under general George Washington, working to improve conditions for prisoners on both the American and British sides. In 1779, he was elected to the Continental Congress and then to its successor, the Congress of the Confederation, serving as President of Congress in 1782—1783, the final years of the war. After being elected to the first, second, and third U.S. Congresses, where he served from 1789—1795, Boudinot was appointed director of the United States Mint by president Washington and held the position through 1805 under the presidencies of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. An advocate for women’s rights, he led a Federalist campaign in New Jersey during the early 1790s to encourage women to become active in politics. Boudinot, a devout Presbyterian, spoke out frequently against slavery, both as a member of Congress and as a private citizen. In 1816, he helped found the American Bible Society and served as its first president for five years. Boudinot was also a member of the board of trustees of Princeton College from 1772-1821, the year of his death. Early life and education Elias Boudinot was born in Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania on May 2, 1740. His father, Elias Boudinot III, was a merchant and silversmith; he was a neighbor and friend of Benjamin Franklin. His mother, Mary Catherine Williams, was born in the British West Indies; her father was from Wales. Elias' paternal grandfather, Elie (sometimes called Elias) Boudinot, was the son of Jean Boudinot and Marie Suire of Marans, Aunis, France. They were a Huguenot (French Protestant) family who fled to New York about 1687 to avoid the religious persecutions of King Louis XIV. Mary Catherine Williams and Elias Boudinot Sr. were married on August 8, 1729. Over the next twenty years, they had nine children. The first, John, was born in the British West Indies-Antigua. Of the others, only the younger Elias and his siblings Annis, Mary, and Elisha reached adulthood. Annis became one of the first published women poets in the Thirteen Colonies, and her work appeared in leading newspapers and magazines. Elisha Boudinot became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. After studying and being tutored at home, Elias Boudinot went to Princeton, New Jersey to read the law as a legal apprentice to Richard Stockton, an attorney who married Elias' older sister Annis Boudinot. Stockton would also become a Founding Father as a signatory to the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Career In 1760, Boudinot was admitted to the bar, and began his practice in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He owned land adjacent to the road from Elizabethtown to Woodbridge Township, New Jersey. Marriage and family After getting established, on April 21, 1762, Boudinot married Hannah Stockton (1736–1808), Richard's younger","title":"Elias Boudinot"},{"docid":"30368344","text":"William Swan (21 June 1791, in Leven, Fife – 18 January 1866) was a Scottish missionary in Siberia and one of the translators of the Bible into Mongolian. Swan's first period in Siberia was relatively successful, working with Edward Stallybrass and , and preparing the Mongolian Bible. From Siberia he published Letters on Missions (1830) which the disappointed book reviewer of the Imperial Magazine found to be edifying, but totally lacking in any local colour from Siberia. In 1831 Swan returned to Britain for publication of the Mongolian Bible (New Testament printed) and to visit Great Britain and married Hannah Cullen. However, when the couple attempted to return to Siberia via Saint Petersburg, Swan was arrested and held until the end of 1833. The Russian government finally suppressed the Protestant Siberian mission in 1840 and expelled the Swans and others. References 1791 births 1866 deaths Scottish Congregationalist missionaries Translators of the Bible into Mongolian Translators to Buryat Congregationalist missionaries in Russia 19th-century translators Missionary linguists","title":"William Swan (missionary)"},{"docid":"2662485","text":"The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late 17th-century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959. Plot summary In April 1687, 16-year-old Katherine Tyler (known as Kit) leaves her home in Barbados after her grandfather dies and a 50-year-old man tries to marry her. She relocates to Wethersfield, Connecticut to live with her Aunt Rachel, Uncle Matthew, and her two cousins, Judith and Mercy, in their Puritan community. A brief stop is made in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, to pick up four new passengers. As the small rowboat returns to the ship, a young girl named Prudence accidentally drops her doll in the water and begs her harsh mother, Goodwife Cruff, to get it back for her. Impulsively, Kit jumps into the water and retrieves the doll. She is then met with astonished suspicion, as few white people in Connecticut could swim so well. Cruff is the most skeptical of them all, believing Kit is a witch, commenting, \"No respectable woman could stay afloat like that.\" On the slow trip upriver, Kit befriends John Holbrook, another passenger coming to Wethersfield to study with the Reverend Gershom Bulkeley. Kit finds Wethersfield very different from Barbados. Unlike at her previous home, where Kit's family owned servants and slaves, she is expected to work here along with the rest of the family. Her cousin Mercy has a lame leg and is on crutches. Kit is required to attend the Sabbath church meetings twice each Sunday, which she finds dull. Kit meets a rich young man, William Ashby. He begins courting her, though she does not care for him. Originally, her cousin Judith had hoped to marry William, but she focuses on John Holbrook, a divinity student studying with Bulkeley. Kit's life improves when she and Mercy begin teaching some young children of Wethersfield, who are preparing for traditional school. Everything proceeds well until one day, bored with the normal lessons, Kit decides the children will reenact a passage from the Bible: the parable of the Good Samaritan. The head of the school, Eleazer Kimberly, enters the house just as things get out of hand. He is outraged at Kit for having the audacity to act out something from the Bible and shuts down the school. Heartbroken, Kit flees to the meadows where she meets and befriends the kind, elderly Hannah Tupper, who was outlawed from the Massachusetts colony because she is a Quaker and does not attend church meetings, as well as being suspected of being a witch. With Hannah's support, Kit convinces Kimberly to give the school another chance. As fellow outcasts, Kit and Hannah develop a deep bond, and even after her uncle forbids Kit to continue the friendship, she keeps visiting Hannah. During one of her visits, Kit again meets the handsome Nathaniel (Nat) Eaton, son of the captain of the Dolphin. Without realizing it, she falls in love with him, and though","title":"The Witch of Blackbird Pond"},{"docid":"16188332","text":"1 Samuel 2 is the second chapter of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible (or the \"First Book of Samuel\" in the Christian Bible). It recounts the Song of Hannah, the corruption of the priests descended from Eli, Samuel's ministry to God 'even as a child' and the prophecy of a \"man of God\" against Eli's household. Text The original text of this chapter, as with the rest of the Books of Samuel, was written in Hebrew. Since the division of the Bible into chapters in the late medieval period, this chapter is divided into 36 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSam; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–10, 16–36. There is also a difference into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century). Period The event in this chapter happened at the end of judges period in Israel, about 1100 BC. Structure The New Revised Standard Version organises this chapter as follows: = Hannah's Prayer = Eli’s Wicked Sons = The Child Samuel at Shiloh = Prophecy Against Eli’s Household Prophecy against Eli's household Verses 22 to 25 introduce a topic dealing with the condemnation of the house of Eli on account of his sons' transgressions. The Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, Targum, and Vulgate translation refer to Hophni and Phinehas' sins including both the misappropriation of food brought to sacrifice at the shrine in Shiloh and also their sexual relations with \"the women who assembled at the door of the tabernacle of meeting\". The Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls omit the latter issue. Eli hears of his sons' behaviour and challenges them to reform, but they take no account of his pleading. Then a \"man of God\" comes to Eli, a prophet of whom, says Donald Spence Jones, \"we know nothing\". See also Hophni and Phinehas Notes References Bibliography Commentaries on Samuel Shmuel I – Samuel I (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org General External links Masoretic Text שמואל א Shmuel Aleph – Samuel A (Hebrew – English at Mechon-Mamre.org) Jewish translations 1 Samuel at Mechon-Mamre (Jewish Publication Society translation) Christian translations Samuel 1 at Bible Gateway Related articles Introduction to the book of 1 Samuel from the NIV Study Bible 02 Eli (biblical figure)","title":"1 Samuel 2"},{"docid":"34678793","text":"Hannah Ward Barron (14 July 1829 – 10 November 1898) was a successful businesswoman, hotel proprietor and landowner in New Zealand. Biography She was born in Cork, County Cork, Ireland on 14 July 1829, the oldest daughter and third child of Elizabeth Lynch and shopkeeper Thomas Dorney. Initially, she was given the first name of Joanna, but soon she chose Hannah, instead. In Ireland, she learned how to read, write, sing and play piano and she was raised a devout Roman Catholic, \"which sustained her all her life.\" Hannah survived an Irish famine (1845 to 1849) and married William Ward \"probably on 7 October 1850\" in Cork, Ireland. Only a few years later, William Ward set out to London and then Melbourne, Australia, arriving in August 1853. Soon thereafter, while pregnant and toting two infants, Hannah followed him, arriving on 24 October 1853. The young family lived in the Melbourne area but William \"did not prosper.\" To support the family, Hannah went to work, operating a small shop and then a lodging house on Abbotsford Street, providing housing for miners. In time, she gave birth to more children, but her husband and seven of her eight sons died, succumbing to the many diseases that spread throughout the overcrowded city. She married again on 31 December 1862 to a butcher from Northumberland, England, named John Barron, and from then on was known as Hannah Ward Barron. However, her second marriage was not successful and nine months later, in September 1863, Hannah and her three surviving children sailed for New Zealand. They settled in Campbelltown (now known as Bluff), situated in a southern-most point of New Zealand. Hannah soon opened a shop for miners who worked in nearby goldfields. Eventually, the goldfields were exhausted and Hannah opened a lodge for sailors located near the wharf. Her business flourished and she borrowed enough money to buy land and convert her boarding house into the Club Hotel in Bluff. There, she thrived as a lodger and landowner and managed the hotel until her death. Hannah died 10 November 1898 in the Bluff home of her daughter, Mary (Mina) Eliza Frances. She was survived by Mary and her two sons William Thomas Ward and Joseph Ward (1856–1930), who was active in politics and became the 17th prime minister of New Zealand from 1906 to 1912, and again from 1928 to 1930. References See also Bassett, M. 'In search of Sir Joseph Ward'. New Zealand Journal of History 21, No 1 (1987): 112—124 1829 births 1898 deaths 19th-century Irish businesspeople Businesspeople from Cork (city) Irish emigrants to New Zealand 19th-century New Zealand businesspeople 19th-century New Zealand businesswomen","title":"Hannah Ward Barron"},{"docid":"1728591","text":"Joshua Marshman (20 April 1768 – 6 December 1837) was a Baptist missionary in Bengal, India from 1799 until his death. He was a member of the Serampore trio with William Carey and William Ward. The trio founded Serampore University, many primary and secondary schools, and translated and published a large number of works, including translations of the Bible. Marshman was \"an accomplished scholar, linguist and theologian and was a prolific author and polemicist.\" His mission involved social reforms and intellectual debates with educated Hindus such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Origins Joshua Marshman was born on 20 April 1768 in Britain at Westbury Leigh, Wiltshire, England. His father, John Marshman was a weaver. Of his family little is known, except that they traced their descent from an officer in the Army of Cromwell, one of a band who, at the Restoration, relinquished, for conscience-sake, all views of worldly aggrandisement, and retired into the country to support himself by his own industry. His father John passed the early part of his life at sea and was engaged in the Hind, a British frigate commanded by Captain Robert Bond, at the 1759 capture of Quebec. Shortly after this, he returned to England and in 1764 married Mary Couzener. She was a descendant of a French family who had sought refuge in England following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes; after his marriage he lived in Westbury Leigh and took up the trade of a weaver. Early days Marshman's family were poor and could give him little education. In 1791, Joshua married Hannah Shepherd and in 1794 they moved from Westbury Leigh to Bristol. There they joined the Broadmead Baptist Church. Baptists at that time were dissenters who separated from the Church of England. Marshman taught in a local charity school supported by the church. He also studied at the Bristol Baptist College. Marshman was appointed a missionary by the Baptist Union of Great Britain. On 29 May 1799 Marshman his wife and their two children set out from Portsmouth for India aboard the ship Criterion. Although there was a threat of a French naval attack the family landed safely at the Danish settlement of Serampore, a few miles north of Calcutta, on 13 October 1799. Family The couple had 12 children; of these only five were alive when their father died. Their youngest daughter Hannah married Henry Havelock, who became a British general in India, and whose statue is in Trafalgar Square, London. Their daughter Rachel was married to the forestry administrator Sir Dietrich Brandis. When he first met pioneering missionary William Carey's four boys in 1800, Marshman was appalled by the neglect with which Carey treated them. Aged 4, 7, 12 and 15, they were unmannered, undisciplined, and even uneducated. Marshman, his wife Hannah, and their friend the printer William Ward, took the boys in tow. Together they shaped the boys as Carey pampered his botanical specimens, performed his many missionary tasks and journeyed into Calcutta to teach at","title":"Joshua Marshman"},{"docid":"56249330","text":"Kingsley's Meadow is a Christian children's direct-to-video series that ran from 1999 to 2003. The series was about a teenage lion named Kingsley who, with his friends, learn the virtues and values of the Bible. The series also featured live-action footage of children reenacting stories from the Bible. The series was created by Tony Salerno. Production In 1998, alongside Angel Wings, American Bible Society paid about $1.6 million to Sony Music Entertainment in order to distribute the series. The Biblical passages and songs used in the series were based on the Contemporary English Version, which was previously published by the American Bible Society themselves. Characters Kingsley - a teenage lion who tells his Meadow friends the stories his father taught him when he was younger. He serves as the host of the series. Aaron - a hedgehog who is honest and does whatever his mother tells him to. Birdtha - a songbird who loves to sing and gossip. Bryron - an elephant who delivers packages for the \"Pachyderm Postal Service\" (PPS). Monk - a chipmunk who serves as the best friend of Kingsley. Singing Flowers - the three flowers who appear in the series. Episodes Season 1 (1999–2001) Hang in There! - The Story of Ruth: Goodness and The Story of Elisha: Perseverance (July 1, 1999) Wise Guy - The Story of David and Solomon: Attentiveness and The Story of Naaman: Self-Control (July 1, 1999) Munch, Munch, Where's My Lunch? - The Story of Hannah: Thankfulness and The Story of Moses: Patience (July 1, 1999) Funny Money - The Story of Daniel: Contentment and The Story of Jonah: Obedience (July 1, 1999) 1-2-3, Count on Me - The Story of Joseph: Forgiveness and The Story of Abraham: Responsibility (June 26, 2000) Just the Facts, Mac - The Story of Samuel: Truthfulness and The Story of David and Saul: Respect (June 26, 2000) Eager Beaver - The Story of Joshua: Diligence and The Story of Jacob: Honesty (January 15, 2001) Season 2 (2002–2003) Flash! Boom! Bam! - The Story of Esther: Courage and The Story of Jonathan and David: Friendship (February 11, 2002) Heart of Gold - The Story of Noah: Dependability and The Story of Abraham and Lot: Generosity (March 18, 2002) The Golden Trust Award - The Story of Gideon: Cautiousness and The Story of Caleb: Trustworthiness (September 26, 2002) Spread a Little Kindness - The Story of Rahab: Kindness and The Story of Nehemiah: Industriousness (September 26, 2002) Share the Love - The Story of Elijah: Sharing and The Story of Nebuchadnezzar: Love (February 10, 2003) Faithful Friends are Forever - The Story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego: Faithfulness and The Story of Solomon: Wisdom (February 10, 2003) Voice cast Ray Massa as Kingsley the Lion Reception The series was given a positive review by The Dove Foundation, stating that the show \"promises a fun and enjoyable time for your child as they learn the moral values taught in each story\". References Christian children's television series Direct-to-video television","title":"Kingsley's Meadow"},{"docid":"29438248","text":"Julia Evelina Smith (27 May 1792 – 6 March 1886) was an American women's suffrage activist who was the first woman to translate the Bible from its original languages into English. She was also the author of the book Abby Smith and Her Cows, which told the story of her and her sister Abby Hadassah Smith's tax resistance struggle in the suffrage cause while the two were living at Kimberly Mansion in Connecticut. Biography Smith was born into a large family of women, the Smiths of Glastonbury, who were active in championing women's education, abolition, and women's suffrage. The family as a whole was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994. She was the fourth of five daughters of Hannah Hadassah (Hickok) Smith (1767–1850) and Zephaniah Smith, a prosperous Nonconformist clergyman turned farmer in Glastonbury, Connecticut. She was educated at the Troy Female Seminary. Smith married late in life. At the age of 87, she wed Amos Parker of New Hampshire, a widower. Publications Bible translation Smith was well educated, with a working knowledge of Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Having read the Bible in its original languages, she decided to undertake her own translation, with an emphasis on literalism. After eight years of work, she completed the translation in 1855, but it did not see print for another two decades. Smith's The Holy Bible: Containing the Old and New Testaments; Translated Literally from the Original Tongues was finally published in 1876. Although Smith's determined literalism made for choppy reading, hers was the only contemporary English translation from the original languages available to English-speaking readers until publication of the British Revised Version beginning in 1881. It was also the first complete Bible translation by a woman. Abby Smith and Her Cows In 1872, the town of Glastonbury attempted to raise taxes on the two surviving Smith sisters, Julia and Abby, as well as on two other widows in town. The sisters refused to pay the taxes on the grounds that they had no right to vote in town meetings, arguing that the tax levy amounted to the same kind of unfair taxation without representation that had helped to spark the American Revolution. Spearheaded by the youngest sister, Abby, the sisters’ revolt was picked up first by a Massachusetts newspaper, The Republican, and soon spread to newspapers across the country. The case was complicated by corruption and malfeasance on the part of the town's tax collector, who not only illegally seized the sisters's land but had made a secret deal to sell some of the best acreage to a covetous neighbor. The sisters ultimately took the town to court and won their case. Subsequently, Smith detailed the entire dispute in an 1877 book entitled Abby Smith and Her Cows that includes clippings from many of the newspapers that had covered the story. References Further reading 1792 births 1886 deaths 19th-century translators 19th-century American women writers 19th-century American writers American tax resisters American women's rights activists People from Glastonbury, Connecticut","title":"Julia Evelina Smith"},{"docid":"15491901","text":"Thomas Macklin (1752/53 – 25 October 1800) was a British printseller and picture dealer. He commissioned many noted painters and engravers for his \"Poets Gallery\" project and his illustrated folio Bible project. Life Macklin was born in 1752 or 1753 and his father may have been the Reverend Garrard Macklin of the Kingdom of Ireland. Macklin married Hannah Kenting in 1777 and started a printselling business in London in 1779. His first year, his sold 7,000 copies of a print of Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt. In 1781, he inherited £20,000, which he used to speculate in the print market. Macklin is most famous for his Poet's Gallery, a project he announced on 1 January 1787. He planned to commission 100 paintings illustrating famous English poems, which he would publish monthly as engravings between 1790 and 1795. He also held an annual exhibition in Pall Mall, like John Boydell and his Shakespeare Gallery. However, the war with France cut into his profits, as prints could not be traded across the channel, and his partner, Edward Rogers, died. The project produced paintings by Joshua Reynolds, Henry Fuseli, Thomas Gainsborough, John Opie, Angelica Kauffman, Thomas Stothard, and Francis Wheatley. Francesco Bartolozzi engraved many of the prints. Just two years after beginning the Poet's Gallery, Macklin undertook to publish an illustrated folio Bible in multiple volumes to promote \"'the glory of the English school' of painting and engraving and 'the interest of our HOLY RELIGION'\". A new typeface and a new kind of paper were designed for the work. The finished Bible had 70 engraved plates, 16 of which were by Philippe Jacques de Louthenbourg. Many of the same artists who were participating in the Poet's Gallery worked on the Bible project. 703 people signed the subscription list, including George III. Macklin's Bible project was expensive to produce: he paid Reynolds £500 for his Holy Family, for example, and the total cost was estimated at £30,000. To realize this project, he was forced to sell some of the paintings from the Poet's Gallery by lottery in 1797. Macklin died on 25 October 1800, just five days after the last large engraving was finished for the Bible. The vignettes were not finished until six weeks later. According to the Dictionary of National Biography, \"[t]he Macklin Bible endures as the most ambitious edition produced in Britain, often pirated but never rivalled.\" Macklin's influence was felt in the world of the arts not only as a publisher but also as a patron. The Dictionary of National Biography records that he may have spent as much as £300,000 as a patron of the arts. Gallery Notes References Bentley, G. E., Jr. \"Thomas Macklin\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004. Retrieved on 29 January 2008. 1750s births 1800 deaths British publishers (people) Art dealers from London","title":"Thomas Macklin"},{"docid":"1141317","text":"William Tuke (24 March 1732 – 6 December 1822), an English tradesman, philanthropist and Quaker, earned fame for promoting more humane custody and care for people with mental disorders, using what he called gentler methods that came to be known as moral treatment. He played a big part in founding The Retreat at Lamel Hill, York, for treating mental-health needs. He and his wife Esther Maud backed strict adherence to Quaker principles. He was an abolitionist, a patron of the Bible Society, and an opponent of the East India Company's inhumane practices. Early life William Tuke was born on 24 March 1732 in York into a prominent Quaker family. His father Samuel was a stuff-weaver and shopkeeper, who died when Tuke was 16. His mother Ann died seven years later. Tuke attended boarding school for two or three years, after which he pursued further studies under clergymen. At age 14, he began an apprenticeship at his aunt's wholesale tea business, which he inherited on her death in 1746. Family life Tuke married Elizabeth Hoyland in 1754 and fathered four children. After Elizabeth died giving birth to their fifth child, Tuke met and married Esther Maud in 1765. Tuke and his wife were deeply involved in the Friends community and advocated stricter adherence to Quaker principles. For five decades, he travelled to London for the Yearly Meeting, serving as clerk there in 1783. Meanwhile, Tuke remained involved in the family business alongside his eldest son and business partner, Henry. Ann Tuke, his daughter by Esther Maud, married William Alexander of the prominent Ipswich Quaker banking family. The Retreat In 1791, William Tuke was moved by an incident involving Hannah Mills, a melancholic Quaker widow, who died unexpectedly at York Lunatic Asylum. Although her cause of death was unclear, mistreatment was suspected and the managers had forbidden Mills from having visitors. Tuke's daughter Ann proposed founding a mental institution run by Quakers for their own members. At a Society of Friends meeting in March 1792, Tuke presented a plan for those who \"laboured under that most afflictive dispensation — the loss of reason.\" However, the proposal met with significant opposition. Some members felt such a move was unnecessary, while others saw it as overstepping the jurisdiction of a Quaker community. The small minority of supporters included Tuke's son, Henry, and the grammarian Lindley Murray. During a visit to St. Luke's Hospital in London, Tuke witnessed appalling conditions for patients. He was particularly affected by a naked female patient who had been chained to a wall. Tuke believed the abuse was not cruel in intent, but marked a lack of effective alternatives. By 1795, financial and social support from the community was still limited. The Society of Friends eventually approved the plan when Tuke's friend, Lindley Murray, suggested raising funds through annuities. Tuke bought 11 acres of land (4.5 ha) for £938 and worked closely with a London architect, John Bevans, to carry out his vision for the new asylum. Unlike other institutions","title":"William Tuke"},{"docid":"1715618","text":"Robert Morrison, FRS (5 January 1782 – 1 August 1834), was an Anglo-Scottish Protestant missionary to Portuguese Macao, Qing-era Guangdong, and Dutch Malacca, who was also a pioneering sinologist, lexicographer, and translator considered the \"Father of Anglo-Chinese Literature\". Morrison, a Presbyterian preacher, is most notable for his work in China. After twenty-five years of work he translated the whole Bible into the Chinese language and baptized ten Chinese believers, including Cai Gao, Liang Fa, and Wat Ngong. Morrison pioneered the translation of the Bible into Chinese and planned for the distribution of the Scriptures as broadly as possible, unlike the previous Roman Catholic translation work that had never been published. Morrison cooperated with such contemporary missionaries as Walter Henry Medhurst and William Milne (the printers), Samuel Dyer (Hudson Taylor's father-in-law), Karl Gützlaff (the Prussian linguist), and Peter Parker (China's first medical missionary). He served for 27 years in China with one furlough home to England. The only missionary efforts in China were restricted to Guangzhou (Canton) and Macau at this time. They concentrated on literature distribution among members of the merchant class, gained a few converts, and laid the foundations for more educational and medical work that would significantly impact the culture and history of the most populous nation on earth. However, when Morrison was asked shortly after his arrival in China if he expected to have any spiritual impact on the Chinese, he answered, \"No sir, but I expect God will!\" Life Early life Morrison was born on 5 January 1782 in Bullers Green, near Morpeth, Northumberland, England. He was the son of James Morrison, a Scottish farm labourer and Hannah Nicholson, an English woman, who were both active members of the Church of Scotland. They were married in 1768. Robert was the youngest son of eight children. At age three, Robert and his family moved to Newcastle where his father found more prosperous work in the shoe trade. Robert's parents were devout Christians and raised their children to know the Bible and the Westminster Shorter Catechism according to Presbyterian ideals. At the age of 12 he recited the entire 119th Psalm (176 verses long) from memory in front of his pastor without a single mistake. John Wesley was still alive and many foreign mission agencies were being formed during this period of the Evangelical Revival. In 1796, young Robert Morrison followed his uncle James Nicholson into apprenticeship and later joined the Presbyterian church in 1798. By age 14 Robert left school and was apprenticed to his father's business. For a couple of years he kept company in disregard of his Christian upbringing and fell occasionally into drunkenness. However, this behavior soon ended. In Robert's own words When Morrison was at work at his father's business he was employed at manual labour for twelve or fourteen hours a day; yet he seldom omitted to find time for one or two hours of reading and meditation. He read and re-read frequently those few books he was able to obtain. The","title":"Robert Morrison (missionary)"},{"docid":"70371872","text":"Cushing Prince (October 28, 1745 – January 8, 1827) was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the District of Maine. His former home, at today's 189 Greely Road in Yarmouth, Maine, is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1785. Life and career Prince was born on October 28, 1745, in North Yarmouth, Province of Massachusetts Bay (now in Maine), two years after the marriage of Paul Prince and Hannah Cushing. His father (for whom Yarmouth's Princes Point Road is named) compiled a bible, known as the Paul Prince Bible, containing the record of births of his children. It was printed in Edinburgh in 1791. Their other nine children were Sarah (born 1744), Rachel (1747), Hannah (1749), Ruth (1751), David (1753), Else (1756), Paul (1758), Pyam (1760) and Ammi (1763). On August 30, 1773, he married Hannach Blanchard, daughter of Nathaniel and Bethiah, with whom he had three children: Cushing Jr., Polly and Olive. In 1785, Prince had built a home at today's 189 Greely Road in Yarmouth. It is now on the National Register of Historic Places. Prince was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the District of Maine, along with fellow North Yarmouth residents Ammi Ruhamah Mitchell and Edward Russell. Death Prince died on January 8, 1827, aged 81. He is interred in Yarmouth's Old Baptist Cemetery alongside his wife, who survived him by eighteen years. References People from North Yarmouth, Maine 1745 births 1827 deaths Maine local politicians 18th-century American politicians 19th-century American politicians","title":"Cushing Prince"},{"docid":"39251349","text":"Samuel Bradhurst Schieffelin (February 24, 1811 – September 13, 1900), was an American businessman and author. Early life Schieffelin was born on February 24, 1811, in New York City. He was the son of Henry Hamilton Schieffelin (1783–1865), named in honor of Governor Henry Hamilton for whom his father Jacob, who was a Loyalist who served as secretary for during the American Revolutionary War, and Maria Theresa Bradhurst (1786–1872), who married in 1806. Among his siblings was brother Bradhurst Schieffelin (1824–1909), who entered politics and supported the People's Party. His paternal grandparents were Jacob Schieffelin (1757–1835) and Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin (1758–1838), she a descendant of Elizabeth Fones and Quaker religious freedom pioneer John Bowne. His maternal grandfather was Dr. Samuel Bradhurst (d. 1872) The Schieffelin family was one of the oldest families in Manhattan. Career He was educated in private schools, and early turned his attention to business, but contributed largely to the religious press. After his father retired from business in 1849, he and his brothers managed the family drug company that their father had founded, Schieffelin Brothers & Co., where Samuel was the president, until 1865, when his son, William, succeeded him. Following his own retirement, he focused on his literature, writing The Foundations of History and other books, most of which were religious. Personal life In 1835, Schieffelin was married to Lucretia Hazard (1816–1899). Together, they were the parents of three children: William Henry Schieffelin (1836–1895), who married Mary B. Jay (1846–1916), daughter of John Jay, the U.S. Minister to Austria-Hungary, and great-granddaughter John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States Alice Holmes Schieffelin (1838–1913), who married Russell Stebbins (1835–1894). Mary Theresa Bradhurst Schieffelin (1840–1910), who married Brig. Gen. Charles Cleveland Dodge (1841–1910), who served in the American Civil War and was the son of Congressman William Earle Dodge. Schieffelin died at his home, 938 Madison Avenue, on September 13, 1900, in New York. Descendants Through his son William, he was the grandfather of Eleanor Jay Schiefflin (1864–1929), who married Theodore Munger Taft (1865–1945), and Dr. William Jay Schieffelin (1866–1955), who married Maria Louise Shepard (1870–1948), the daughter of Elliot Fitch Shepard and Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt, and granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt. Through his daughter Alice, he was the grandfather of Grace Stebbins (1860–1908), who married Alfred Clark Chapin (1848–1936), former Mayor of Brooklyn, Samuel Schieffelin Stebbins (1872–1912), a stockbroker, and Russell Hazard Schieffelin (1874–1892). The Chapin's daughter, Samuel's great-granddaughter, Grace Chapin (1885–1960), was married to Hamilton Fish III (1888–1991), member of the U.S. House of Representatives. Works His works include: Message to Ruling Elders, their Office and their Duties (New York, 1859); The Foundations of History: a Series of First Things (1863); Milk for Babes: a Bible Catechism (1874); Children's Bread: a Bible Catechism (1874); Words to Christian Teachers (1877); Music in our Churches (1881); The Church in Ephesus and the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches (1884); People's Hymn-Book (Philadelphia, 1887). References Notes Sources American male writers 1811 births 1900 deaths Winthrop family Schieffelin family","title":"Samuel Schieffelin"},{"docid":"16722960","text":"Priscilla Shirer (born December 31, 1974) is an American author, motivational speaker, actress, and Christian media personality, and evangelist. Her father is Dallas mega-church pastor Tony Evans and her brothers are motivational speaker and chaplain Jonathan Evans and musician Anthony Evans. Biography The daughter of Tony Evans, senior pastor of Oak Cliff Bible Fellowship Church in Dallas, Texas, Priscilla grew up well acquainted with the Bible. As a freshman at the University of Houston, she interned with a Christian radio station. Soon listeners were calling the station, inviting Priscilla to speak at their Bible study groups and other events. Soon she was invited to lead a weekly Bible study at the Zig Ziglar Corporation and then to join its speaker team. Priscilla has worked as an independent contractor for CBS and hosted a local television show, but recently she has focused solely on Christian ministry opportunities. She calls Anne Graham Lotz, daughter of evangelist Rev. Billy Graham, her mentor in ministry. Together the Shirers established Going Beyond Ministries, a speaking bureau featuring Priscilla. The parents of three young boys, the Shirers share ministry and family responsibilities. While Priscilla continues to minister full-time, Jerry manages his schedule and other business aspects of Going Beyond Ministries. Priscilla speaks around the world at churches and other events, including the LifeWay Christian Resources-sponsored Going Beyond conference and Deeper Still: The Event, where she shares the stage with Beth Moore and Kay Arthur. She has also authored several books. Shirer graduated from Duncanville High School and Dallas Theological Seminary, earning a master's degree from the latter in Biblical Studies. In 1993, Shirer was a freshman at the University of Houston. Shirer was married in 1999 to Jerry Shirer, former Hilton Hotels executive. The couple has three sons. In 2013, Shirer was a speaker at the 2013 Women of Faith conference. In 2015, Shirer made her film debut in the Kendrick Brothers film War Room. In October 2016, Shirer was recognized as one of four prominent women of faith during the 10th anniversary of God's Leading Ladies Life Enrichment Program at The Potter's House. Shirer also featured at the 47th GMA Dove Awards. Bibliography \"Fervent; A Woman's Battle Plan for Serious, Specific and Strategic Prayer\", He Speaks to Me: Preparing to Hear from God, Discerning the Voice of God: How to Recognize When God Speaks, And We Are Changed: Encounters with a Transforming God, A Jewel in His Crown: Rediscovering Your Value as a Woman of Excellence, The Resolution for Women, Filmography War Room (2015), as Elizabeth Jordan I Can Only Imagine (2018), as Mrs. Fincher, Bart Millard's teacher Overcomer (2019), as Principal Olivia Brooks, mentor to Hannah Scott References External links Get to Know Priscilla https://www.goingbeyond.com/ 1974 births Living people 20th-century African-American people 20th-century African-American women 20th-century evangelicals 21st-century African-American people 21st-century African-American women 21st-century American actresses 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American women writers 21st-century evangelicals African-American actresses African-American Christians African-American women writers American Evangelical writers American film actresses American religious writers American women","title":"Priscilla Shirer"},{"docid":"71548078","text":"Paul Prince (May 14, 1720 – November 25, 1809) was a patriot in the American Revolutionary War. Princes Point Road in Yarmouth, Maine, is now named for him. Life and career Prince was born in Duxbury, Province of Massachusetts Bay, in 1720, a second son to shipwright Benjamin Prince and Abial Nelson. While Princes Point Road in Yarmouth, Maine, is named for Paul, Princes Point itself is named for his father, who died, aged 44, when Paul was seventeen years old; his mother died when he was twenty-four. He married Hannah Cushing (1722–1814) in 1743. The couple had ten children, including Cushing Prince in 1745. The other nine were Sarah (born 1744), Rachel (1747), Hannah (1749), Ruth (1751), David (1753), Else (1756), Paul Jr. (1758), Pyam (1760) and Ammi (1763). Prince compiled a book, known as the Paul Prince Bible, containing the record of births of his children. It was printed in Edinburgh in 1791. Between 1775 and 1779, both Paul Sr. and Paul Jr. are listed as serving in the Cumberland County Regiment during the Revolutionary War. Death Prince died in North Yarmouth, Massachusetts (now in Maine), in 1809, aged 89. He is interred in Congregational Cemetery in Cumberland Center, Maine, beside his wife, who survived him by just over four years. References 1720 births 1809 deaths People from North Yarmouth, Maine American diarists People of Massachusetts in the American Revolution Patriots in the American Revolution People of Maine in the American Revolution People from pre-statehood Maine","title":"Paul Prince (patriot)"},{"docid":"13864315","text":"The Sons of the San Joaquin is an American Western family band. Jack and Joe Hannah are brothers, while third member Lon Hannah is Joe's son. They began performing together in 1987 at a birthday party for Lon's grandfather. They have been credited with \"rich durability of the traditional Western music they present, as well as the outstanding original cowboy songs\" and being reminiscent of the Sons of the Pioneers. Roy Rogers called them \"the only singing group alive who I feel sound like the original Sons of the Pioneers.\" They have over a dozen albums, including a gospel album and a greatest hits album. They were inducted into the Western Music Association Hall of Fame in 2006. Several of their albums have been given awards by the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum (Cowboy Hall of Fame). Personnel Jack Hannah – Vocals, Rhythm & Lead Guitar. Jack Hannah is the younger brother of Joe Hannah and the paternal uncle of Lon Hannah. Jack pitched for the Milwaukee Braves farm system and then became a high school counselor and coach (he was named Baseball Coach of the Year for the Western Region United States in 1980.) He was inducted into the Fresno Athletic Hall of Fame in 1998. A professional songwriter, Jack shared in the Sons of the San Joaquin Round Up Newsletter (vol 9, no 1, 2005) that he struggled through grade and high school and if he had been \"born today\" would have been diagnosed with ADD. \"I wrote songs. I have written scores of songs that will never see the light of day because I write them for no other purpose than that they are just there, a consequence of reading.\" Stressing the importance of reading the Young at Heart CD, was written with the purpose of creating in the minds of children a passion for learning, and a desire to read. \"I start the day reading the Book of Books, the Bible. I am not trying to sound pious. I'm telling you this is to underscore how important reading special books is to me. To try to understand the Divine and to grasp the lessons of history are my passions and most of my songs flow from these sources.\" Jack has written for a critically acclaimed children's series \"Red, Rite & Recite which is a series of books, CD's and videos that feature Dusty Trails (Dr. Gary Sells.) Jack has repeated won Songwriter of the Year awards from the Western Music Association and was the recipient of the Wrangler Award from the National Cowboy Hall of Fame. Jack Hannah passed away in 2022. Joe Hannah – Vocals & Bass. According to the Sons of the San Joaquin Round Up Newsletter (vol 1, no 3, 1997), in high school, Joe was courted by the Yankees and Dodgers and received major college scholarship offers from USC, UCLA and other schools. In 1950, he signed with the Cubs and started playing for their class A Visalia, California team. When","title":"Sons of the San Joaquin"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"26508902\",\n \"text\": \"Capt. John Jeffries Burial Marker is a historic burial monument in the cemetery at Scullville Bible Church in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey, along County Route 559 near Somers Point. It was built in 1887 and added to both the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Capt. Jeffries (1829-1887) is known for his association with the ship Twenty One Friends, which, following an incident at sea, floated without crew across the Atlantic Ocean for two years before being claimed and returned to service. The Monument The Capt. John Jeffries burial marker is approximately tall and the largest marker in the Scullville Bible Church cemetery. The church was built in 1866 and, at the time of his death, was named Palestine Bible Protestant Church. The monument is made of marble and stands on a square brick base approximately on each side. It is located in the Jeffries family plot behind the church, surrounded by other local-area family plots, many of which also date back to the 19th century. The square center section features an inscription, and above that a bas-relief engraving of the ship associated with Jeffries—and the source of his historical fame—the Twenty One Friends. Another smaller section above bears the initials “J.J.” and a draped urn is carved at the top of the monument. The center inscription reads: Capt. John Jeffries. Born Nov. 15, 1829. Died March 17th 1887. A member of the K. of P. The Jeffries of Great Egg Harbor The Jeffries family can trace its genealogy back to 18th-century European settlers of Rhode Island. John Jeffries Sr. (1735-1810) from Egg Harbor earned a pension for his service during the American Revolutionary War. The family owned land where Patcong Creek empties into Great Egg Harbor River, and it was here they built a two-storey plantation house. The area became known as Jeffries Landing and was an active port as well as later becoming a popular destination area for bathers. The settlement that formed inland, north of Jeffries Landing, came to be called Jeffers, also named after the family. In the early 1900s, Jeffers was renamed Scullville, honoring a different family, the Sculls. Currently, where Patcong Creek meets Great Egg Harbor River is still called Jeffries Landing. John Sr. and his wife, Judiah, had three sons, one of whom was John Jeffries Jr. (1789-1834). In 1819 John Jeffries Jr. was named wharf master at Jeffries Landing, responsible for collecting the wharfage of 30 cents per day to dock there. In 1829, John Jr.’s wife, Isabell, gave birth to John III (1829-1887), who would grow up to become a sea captain. Capt. John Jeffries III later lived along English Creek, upstream from Jeffries Landing along the Great Egg Harbor River. He was married to Hannah Barrett Jeffries. Variations of the name The family name can be seen spelled different ways; Jeffries, Jeffryes, Jeffrys and Jeffers appear with interchangeability although all reasonably refer to the same family. Some evidence of this\",\n \"title\": \"Capt. John Jeffries Burial Marker\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35870816\",\n \"text\": \"Susan Norris Fitkin (March 31, 1870 – October 18, 1951) was a Canadian ordained minister, who served successively in the Society of Friends, the Association of Pentecostal Churches of America, and finally in the Church of the Nazarene. Fitkin was the founder and first president of the Church of the Nazarene's Women's Foreign Missionary Society (now Nazarene Missions International) from September 1915 until her retirement in June 1948. Fitkin served twenty-four years on the General Board of the Church of the Nazarene. In 1924 Fitkin and her husband Abram Fitkin funded and founded the Fitkin Memorial Hospital in Manzini, Swaziland, and also funded and founded Nazarene Bible Training Schools in China, and Beirut, Lebanon. Early life and family Susanah W. \\\"Susie\\\" Norris was born March 31, 1870, on a farm in Ely, Quebec, Canada, the fourth oldest of the nine children of John Norris (born June 25, 1835, in Russelltown, Châteauguay, Quebec, Canada East; died December 20, 1887, in East Farnham, Quebec, Canada), a farmer and the foreman of a lumber camp, and his wife, Susannah Townsend Hall (born March 16, 1834, in East Farnham, Quebec, Canada East; died March 28, 1918, in Cliftondale, Massachusetts). John Norris and Susannah Hall were married on April 10, 1855, in Farnham East. Her siblings were George Miron Norris (born July 1, 1859, in East Farnham, Quebec), Hannah Norris (born August 8, 1861, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec; died August 23, 1897, in Shefford, Quebec), Annie Louise Norris (born May 2, 1865, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec), Jane \\\"Janie\\\" May Norris (born March 4, 1872, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec), John Milton \\\"Johnny\\\" Norris (born November 15, 1873, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec), Emma Norris (born April 11, 1875, in Quebec, Canada), Charles Newel Norris (born January 29, 1877, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec), Alice \\\"Nellie\\\" Norris (born June 15, 1880, in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec). By the time of the first Canadian census in April 1871, the Norris family had been living on a farm in Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton, Quebec for about eleven years, with John described as a Methodist farmer, while Susannah and their four children (including one-year-old \\\"Suza\\\") were described as Episcopalians. Later Norris' parents were members of the Society of Friends, who were active in the temperance reform movement. Her mother served once as a delegate to the Woman's Christian Temperance Union convention in Ottawa. At the time of the second Canadian census in April 1881, John and Suzanne Norris and their nine children (including 11-year-old \\\"Suza\\\") were still living on a farm in Ely South, in Shefford, Quebec, and were described as Episcopalians. However, later in 1881, the Norris family moved back to East Farnham, Quebec, where Susanna's parents George C. Hall and Hannah Hall held longstanding membership in a Quaker meeting house. The Norris family attended Quaker worship but also attended the local Church of England. On February 23, 1886, five of John and Susanna's younger children were baptized by Revd John Merrick in the Church of England at Adamsville in East Farnham. On June 19, 1887, Anna Louise was baptized by\",\n \"title\": \"Susan Norris Fitkin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"22969858\",\n \"text\": \"The Woman's Bible is a two-part non-fiction book, written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and a committee of 26 women, published in 1895 and 1898 to challenge the traditional position of religious orthodoxy that woman should be subservient to man. By producing the book, Stanton wished to promote a radical liberating theology, one that stressed self-development. The book attracted a great deal of controversy and antagonism at its introduction. Many women's rights activists who worked with Stanton were opposed to the publication of The Woman's Bible; they felt it would harm the drive for women's suffrage. Although it was never accepted by Bible scholars as a major work, much to the dismay of suffragists who worked alongside Stanton within the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), it became a popular best-seller. Susan B. Anthony tried to calm the younger suffragists, but they issued a formal denunciation of the book at NAWSA's January 1896 convention, and worked to distance the suffrage movement from Stanton's broader scope which included attacks on traditional religion. Because of the widespread negative reaction, including that of suffragists who had been close to her, publication of the book effectively ended Stanton's influence in the suffrage movement. Background In the early 19th century advocates of women's rights began to accumulate rebuttals to arguments used against them founded on traditional interpretations of Bible scriptures. Lucretia Mott countered those who would put her in her place by quoting other Bible passages, or by challenging the original interpretation of the scripture. In 1849, Mott wrote Discourse on Woman which discussed Adam and Eve, the activities of various women who appear in the Bible, and argued that the Bible supported woman's right to speak aloud her spiritual beliefs. Independently from Mott, Lucy Stone determined for herself that the male-dominant interpretations of the Bible must be faulty—she worked to learn Greek and Hebrew and thereby gain insight into the earlier Bible translations which she believed would contain wording more favorable to women's equality. In New York, aided by Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped draft the Declaration of Sentiments in 1848 and included two Resolutions which protested against man's usurpation of rights relating to her position in church and to her role under God. By the 1850s, Mott had become expert at disarming men who used Scripture against her. At the National Women's Rights Convention in 1852, and again in 1854, she stood up to debate men who came prepared with Scripture in hand. Reverend Henry Grew told the 1854 convention audience that the Bible proved men were naturally superior to women. He was countered point-by-point by Hannah Tracy Cutler, then in broad societal and political terms by Mott who began by saying: \\\"It is not Christianity, but priestcraft that has subjected woman as we find her. The Church and State have been united, and it is well for us to see it so.\\\" Revising Committee In 1881, 1885 and 1894, the Church of England published a Revised Version of the Bible, the first new\",\n \"title\": \"The Woman's Bible\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"54958809\",\n \"text\": \"Tagoe Sisters is the name of a musical duo consisting of twins Lydia Dedei Yawson Nee Tagoe and Elizabeth Korkoi Tagoe. They have been singing in the gospel music industry since 1983. In March 2021, the group was honored by the organizers of 3Music Awards in an event called the 3Music Women's Brunch. Early life Lydia Dedei Yawson (née Tagoe) and Elizabeth Korkoi Tagoe, who are twins, were born to the late Hammond Ayikwei Tagoe and Madam Theresa Aidoo on 27 July 1965. Their father, Hammond Ayikwei Tagoe, was from Korle-Wokon, a suburb of Accra and their mother, Theresa Aidoo, was from Dunkwa-on-Offin in the Central Region. They had their education at the Alogboshie primary and middle school, near Achimota in Accra. Later, they went to the YMCA to learn dressmaking, which they abandoned to venture into singing. Career In the early days of their career, the duo worked in a group of three, with Hannah Tsia Mensah, called the \\\"I am Three Sisters\\\". They sang backup for musicians like Felix Bell and G Man and made appearances on Mr Picus Laryea's shows in the 1970s. In 1983, they joined the Open Bible Church International where they met the male singing group, the Advent Heralds. They backed the Heralds at their public performances. In 1985 they met the late Rev. Francis Akwasi Amoako who became their mentor. Under his guidance, they toured far and wide both in and out of Ghana and gained fame. Their first album 'Nyame ye Kese' which was written by the Advent Heralds, was released in 1987. Orekyekye and Stay in my Heart followed in 1988. In 1990, they lost their mentor in a fatal accident as they were returning to Accra after performing at a crusade in Takoradi. Rev. Dr Thomas Harry Yawson came into their lives and became their songwriter and director. Personal lives Rev Thomas Yawson married Lydia and they have three children. Elizabeth also has two children with her late husband. Lydia is a caterer and Elizabeth is an event planner. They established the Tagoe Twin Foundation to support mothers who use their twin children to beg for alms. They also have the Tagoe Sisters Association which was created with the vision to be an enabler for twins' mothers to support each other. Awards and nominations References Ga-Adangbe people Ghanaian women singers Ghanaian musical groups Living people Year of birth missing (living people)\",\n \"title\": \"Tagoe Sisters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11439150\",\n \"text\": \"Hannah spelled Hanna, Hana, Hanah, or Chana, is a feminine given name of Hebrew origin. It is derived from the root ḥ-n-n, meaning \\\"favour\\\" or \\\"grace\\\"; A Dictionary of First Names attributes the name to a word meaning 'He (God) has favoured me with a child'. Anne, Ana, Ann, and other variants of the name derive from the Hellenized Hebrew: Anna (romanization [transcription/transliteration] of Ἅννα [from Greek to Roman {Latin} letters]). The Phoenician (Punic) name Hannibal derives from the same Canaanite root and means \\\"My grace is Baal\\\". In the Books of Samuel of the Hebrew Bible, Hannah is the mother of the prophet Samuel. Hannah People Hannah Adams (1755–1831), American author Hannah Aldworth (died 1778), English philanthropist Hannah Allen (1638–1668x1708), British writer Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), German philosopher Hannah Idowu Dideolu Awolowo (1915–2015), Nigerian businesswoman and politician Hannah Brier (born 1998), British sprinter Hannah Brown (born 1994), American television personality and model Hannah Callowhill Penn (1671–1727), second wife of William Penn Hannah Clarke (1988–2020), Australian sportsperson and murder victim Hannah Cowley (1743–1809), American dramatist and poet Hannah Dodd (born 1995), English actress Hannah Dreier, American journalist Hannah Duston (1657–c. 1736), Indian fighter Hannah Dakota Fanning (born 1994), American actress, known as Dakota Fanning Hannah Ferguson (born 1992), American model Hannah Foster (1985–2003), British murder victim Hannah Friedman (born 1986), American writer, director, and musician Hannah Fry (born 1984), British mathematician Hannah Gadsby (born 1978), Australian comedian Hannah Glasse (1708–1770), English cookbook writer Hannah Gordon (born 1941), Scottish actress Hannah Flagg Gould (1789–1864), American poet Hannah Gross (born 1992), Canadian actress Hannah Hart (born 1986), American internet personality, comedian, actress and author Hannah Hauxwell (1926–2018), Yorkshire Dales farmer Hannah Höch (1889–1978), German Dada artist Hannah Hodson (born 1991), American actress, journalist Hannah Ild (born 1981), Estonian singer Hannah Jones, multiple people Hannah Kallem (1865–1937), Norwegian-born American army nurse Hannah T. King (1808–1886), British-American writer, pioneer Hannah Lowe (born 1976), British writer Hannah Lyman (1816–1871), American educator, biographer Hannah Mancini (born 1980), American-Slovenian singer Hannah Marks (born 1993), American actress, writer Hannah Miley (born 1989), Scottish swimmer Hannah More (1745–1833), English religious writer and philanthropist Hannah Peel (born 1984), Northern Irish musician Hannah Maynard Pickard (1812–1844), American school teacher, preceptress, author Hannah Pingree (born 1976), majority leader and Speaker of the House in the Maine House of Representatives Hannah Pritchard (1711–1768), English actress Hannah Reid (born 1989), English singer of London Grammar Hannah Reynolds (soccer) (born 1998), American soccer player Hannah Rigby (c.1794–1853), Australian convict Hannah Robinson, British songwriter Hannah Rueben (born 1994), Nigerian wrestler Hannah Semer (1925–2003), Israeli journalist Hannah Spearritt (born 1981), English singer and actress Hannah Stockbauer (born 1982), German swimmer Hannah Stocking (born 1992), American internet personality, comedian, model and actress Hannah Storm (born 1962), American co-host of The Early Show Hannah Stuelke (born c. 2004), American basketball player Hannah Szenes (1921–1944), Hungarian Jew arrested during the Second World War Hannah Tan (born 1981), Malaysian singer-songwriter Hannah Taylor-Gordon (born 1987) English actress, Anne Frank: The Whole Story Hannah\",\n \"title\": \"Hannah (name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2323382\",\n \"text\": \"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible is an evolving means of interacting with God, most frequently through a spontaneous, individual or collective, unorganized form of petitioning and/or thanking. Standardized prayer such as is done today is non-existent. However, beginning in Deuteronomy, the Bible lays the groundwork for organized prayer including basic liturgical guidelines, and by the Bible's later books, prayer has evolved to a more standardized form, although still radically different from the form practiced by modern Jews. Individual prayer is described by the Tanakh two ways. The first of these is when prayer is described as occurring, and a result is achieved, but no further information regarding a person's prayer is given. In these instances, such as with Isaac, Moses, Samuel, and Job, the act of praying is a method of changing a situation for the better. The second way in which prayer is depicted is through fully fleshed out episodes of prayer, where a person's prayer is related in full. Many famous biblical personalities have such a prayer, including every major character from Hannah to Hezekiah. Individual prayer Often in the Hebrew Bible, individuals spontaneously pray to God when faced with difficulty or having avoided it. As mentioned above, these prayers are not always given in full, however, many are. Certain themes appear throughout the Tanakh's portrayal of this prayer type. One of the most significant is the idea of an argumentation, which is frequently described by the text or its interpreters. Listed chronologically below are these occurrences of recorded individual prayer. Abraham The first notable prayer whose text is recorded in the Torah and Hebrew Bible occurs when Abraham pleads with God not to destroy the people of Sodom, where his nephew Lot lives. He bargains with God not to destroy the city if there are fifty good men within, and eventually lowers the total to ten. God sends two angels to the city, which is ultimately destroyed with \\\"burning sulfur\\\" when they cannot find the ten requisite good people. Eliezer When Abraham is an old man, he makes his head servant, who while not named specifically, is almost certainly Eliezer of Damascus, promise to find his son Isaac a wife from his people to marry. Eliezer expresses uncertainty that a woman will agree to return to Abraham's household, especially since he is told not to take Isaac with him. In response, Abraham tells Eliezer that God will send an angel to assure his success in his mission. Eliezer, however, upon reaching the town of Nahor's well during evening, when the women of the city would draw water, begins to pray. Eliezer's prayer makes very specific of God, hoping that God will make clear which woman is to be Isaac's wife. It takes on a petitioning tone, as opposed to the argumentative one prominent in the prayers of other characters, including his master, whose relationship and interactions with God are very different. Before he has finished with his prayer, his requests begin to be granted, and sees that\",\n \"title\": \"Prayer in the Hebrew Bible\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"28139796\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph Curr (1793 – 29 June 1847) was a Roman Catholic priest and author who was called a \\\"martyr of charity\\\" for his work in Leeds in the typhus epidemic of 1847. Biography The son of civil engineer John Curr and Hannah Curr (née Wilson), he was born in Sheffield on 14 April 1793, baptized by his godfather, Richard Rimmer, at the Catholic Chapel in Norfolk Row on 6 May. He had one brother, John, and six sisters. Curr was educated at Crook Hall, County Durham, and in 1808 went to the seminary at Ushaw College. After being ordained he served in a number of different locations: Old St. Chad mission in Rook Street, Manchester (until 1820) St. Augustine mission in Granby Row, Manchester (1820-1822) Stockton-on-Tees (1822-1826) Ashton in Makerfield (1826-1830) La Trappe Abbey in France (1830-?) Ushaw (?-1833) Callaby Castle in Northumberland (1833-1837) Sheffield mission (1837-1839) St. Alban's mission, Blackburn (1839-1842) Whitby (1842-1846) In 1847, St. Ann's in Leeds was suffering from a shortage of Catholic priests, due to an epidemic; Curr volunteered to serve there, where he died from typhus on 29 June 1847. He was buried at St. Patrick's on York road, along with the other four priests who died in the epidemic. Works Curr was a prolific writer, particularly in his feud with the local Bible Association. Among his notable opponents were and William Roby, whom Curr debated on topics including his opposition to lay Christians reading and interpreting the Bible themselves. His principal works include: A Discourse delivered at St. Augustine's Chapel, Manchester, at the funeral of the Rev. Rowland Broomhead The Instructor's Assistant Visits to the Blessed Sacrament and to the Blessed Virgin Spiritual Retreat (adapted from Bourdaloue) Familiar Instructions in the Faith and Morality of the Catholic Church A Letter to Sir Oswald Mosley, Baronet, President of the Manchester and Salford Auxiliary Bible Society An address to the Public occasioned by the recent letters of the Rev. Melville Home and the Rev. Nathaniel Gilbert on the subject of bible associations Catholicism: or the old rule of faith vindicated from the attack of W. Rob References Attribution 1793 births 1847 deaths 19th-century English Roman Catholic priests Clergy from Sheffield Deaths from typhus in the United Kingdom Alumni of Ushaw College\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Curr\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5749529\",\n \"text\": \"Hannah Elizabeth Milhous Nixon (March 7, 1885 – September 30, 1967) was the mother of U.S. president Richard Nixon. Richard described his mother as \\\"a Quaker saint\\\". On May 9, 1970 (Richard Nixon's visit to the Lincoln Memorial), he insisted on stopping at the United States Capitol, where he took his former seat in the chamber of the U.S. House of Representatives and instructed his valet Manolo Sanchez to make a speech. Sanchez spoke of his pride in being a citizen of the United States and Richard and some female cleaners who were present applauded. One of the women present, Carrie Moore, asked Richard to sign her bible, which he did, and holding her hand told her that his mother \\\"was a saint\\\" and \\\"you be a saint too\\\". Hannah Nixon is acknowledged to have exerted a tremendous effect on her son's outlook throughout his life. In Richard's final remarks at the White House on August 9, 1974, he said, \\\"Nobody will ever write a book, probably, about my mother. Well, I guess all of you would say this about your mother – my mother was a saint. And I think of her, two boys dying of tuberculosis, nursing four others in order that she could take care of my older brother for three years in Arizona, and seeing each of them die, and when they died, it was like one of her own. Yes, she will have no books written about her. But she was a saint.\\\" Early life She was born Hannah Elizabeth Milhous near Butlerville, Indiana, the daughter of Almira Park (née Burdg; 1849–1943), who was from Columbiana County, Ohio, and Franklin Milhous (1848–1919), a native of Colerain Township, Belmont County, Ohio. Family She was married to Francis A. Nixon and had five sons: Harold Samuel Nixon (June 1, 1909 – March 7, 1933) Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994), 37th president of the United States, married to Thelma Catherine Patricia Ryan and had two daughters. Francis Donald Nixon (November 23, 1914 – June 27, 1987), married to Clara Jane Lemke and had three children, including Donald A. Nixon Arthur Burdg Nixon (May 26, 1918 – August 10, 1925) Edward Calvert Nixon (May 3, 1930 – February 27, 2019) In popular culture Mary Steenburgen portrayed Hannah Nixon in the 1995 Oliver Stone film Nixon. References 1885 births 1967 deaths American Quakers Burials at Rose Hills Memorial Park Housewives Mothers of presidents of the United States Mothers of vice presidents of the United States Nixon family People from Jennings County, Indiana\",\n \"title\": \"Hannah Milhous Nixon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2741\",\n \"text\": \"Abigail () was an Israelite woman in the Hebrew Bible married to Nabal; she married the future King David after Nabal's death (1 Samuel ). Abigail was David's third wife, after Ahinoam and Saul's daughter, Michal, whom Saul later married to Palti, son of Laish, when David went into hiding. Abigail became the mother of one of David's sons, who is listed in the Book of Chronicles under the name Daniel, in the Masoretic Text of the Books of Samuel as Chileab, and in the Septuagint text of 2 Samuel 3:3 as Δαλουια, Dalouia. Her name is spelled Abigal in in the American Standard Version. Name Derived from the Hebrew word ab, \\\"father\\\", and the Hebrew root g-y-l, \\\"to rejoice,\\\" the name Abigail has a variety of possible meanings including \\\"my father's joy\\\" and \\\"source of joy\\\". Biblical narrative In 1 Samuel 25, Nabal demonstrates ingratitude towards David, the son of Jesse (from the tribe of Judah), and Abigail attempts to placate David, in order to stop the future King from taking revenge. She gives him food, and speaks to him, urging him not to \\\"have on his conscience the staggering burden of needless bloodshed\\\" (verse 31, NIV) and reminding him that God will make him a \\\"lasting dynasty\\\" (verse 28). Jon Levenson calls this an \\\"undeniable adumbration\\\" of Nathan's prophecy in 2 Samuel 7. Alice Bach notes that Abigail pronounces a \\\"crucial prophecy,\\\" and the Talmud regards her as one of the Tanakh's seven female prophets. Levenson, however, suggests that she \\\"senses the drift of history\\\" from intelligence rather than from special revelation. After Abigail reveals to Nabal what she has done, \\\"God struck Nabal and he died\\\" (v. 38), after which David married her. Abigail is described as intelligent and beautiful. The Talmud amplifies this idea, mentioning her as being one of the \\\"four women of surpassing beauty in the world\\\" (the other three being Rahab, Sarah, and Esther). Being married to the wealthy Nabal, she is also a woman of high socioeconomic status. Whether David married her because he was attracted to her, or as an astute political move, or both is unclear. Abigail and David's second wife, Ahinoam the Jezreelite, accompany David and his war band as they seek refuge in Philistine territory. While David and his men are encamped near Jezreel, the women are captured by Amalekites who raided the town of Ziklag and carried off the women and children. David led the pursuit, and they were subsequently rescued. Both wives then settle with David in Hebron, where Abigail gives birth to David's second son, Chileab (also called Daniel). Abigail is also listed as one of the seven Jewish women prophets, the other six being Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Sarah, Huldah, and Esther. In terms of her moral character, Abraham Kuyper argues that Abigail's conduct indicates \\\"a most appealing character and unwavering faith,\\\" but Alice Bach regards her as subversive. Adele Berlin contrasts the story of Abigail with that of Bathsheba. In one, the wife prevents\",\n \"title\": \"Abigail\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"53582340\",\n \"text\": \"David Brown (1763–1812) was an English chaplain in Bengal and founder of the Calcutta Bible Society. Life He was born in Yorkshire, and was educated first under private tuition at Scarborough, and then at a grammar school at Hull under Joseph Milner. He entered Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1782 as a sizar. Brown did not take a degree, but was ordained deacon in the Church of England in 1785, by Richard Watson. He was appointed to a chaplaincy in Bengal. Brown reached Calcutta in 1786, and was placed in charge of an orphanage. At the same time he was appointed chaplain to the brigade at Fort William. In addition to these duties Brown took charge of the Old Mission Church of Calcutta. That year he met Charles Grant, and put together a \\\"Proposal for Establishing a Protestant Mission in Bengal\\\". It was passed to Charles Simeon, and then to William Wilberforce. Grant returned to Great Britain, and recruitment of evangelical chaplains for India got under way. In 1788 Brown gave up the orphanage position, incompatible with his work as pastor at the Old Mission Church, founded by John Kiernander. In 1794 Brown was appointed presidency chaplain. Among his close friends were Henry Martyn, Claudius Buchanan, and Thomas Thomason. He became senior chaplain in 1797, when Thomas Blanshard left. In 1803 Brown bought Aldeen House in Serampore, and made it his home. The grounds included a deserted temple. At this time Serampore was a colony of Danish India, and while the East India Company opposed missionary activity, the Lutheran Danish government was sympathetic, in particular to William Carey. Under the name the Pagoda, the abandoned Radha-vallabha temple next to the River Hooghly was used as an oratory by Henry Martyn, who often stayed with Brown. Aldeen House became a place of meeting of Baptist missionaries such as Carey, and the group of evangelical Anglican chaplains in Bengal. While personal relations were good, there were also tensions: Brown opposed Baptist efforts with the Calcutta Benevolent Institution, a free school, and there was a power struggle within the Serampore mission. Brown's health was failing in 1812. He embarked, for the benefit of sea air, in a vessel bound for Madras, which was wrecked on the voyage down the Bay of Bengal. The passengers and crew were rescued by another vessel and taken back to Calcutta. Brown died on 14 June 1812, at the house in Chowringhee of John Herbert Harington, president of the Calcutta Bible Society set up in 1811, as he was the secretary. Funeral sermons were preached by Daniel Corrie and Thomas Thomason. Family Brown married, first, a Miss Robinson of Hull, who died in 1794; and then in 1796, to Frances Cowley, daughter of Hannah Cowley. On his death he left nine children. Buchanan mentioned three sons, who had been schooled in languages. The family received support from the East India Company, moved to London, and Frances Brown died in Bristol, in 1822. Brown's children were: Jane Grant (1792–1821), the\",\n \"title\": \"David Brown (East India Company chaplain)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"69166601\",\n \"text\": \"Hannah Tamaki JP (née Lee; born 1960) is the wife of Brian Tamaki, the leader of the Pentecostal fundamentalist movement Destiny Church. She is also the leader of the Christian fundamentalist political party Vision NZ. Personal life Hannah Lee was born in Tokoroa in 1960 as the daughter of a European father named Basil Lee and a Māori mother named Polly. She has seven half-brothers and half-sisters. Basil worked as the foreman of the Tokoroa cheese factory. Hannah is the wife of Brian Tamaki, the leader of Destiny Church. The couple have three children and six grandchildren. Meeting Brian and religious conversion Hannah attended Tokoroa High School where she played netball, softball and hash harriers. In 1976, she dropped out of school at the age of 15 and found work at the SuperValue supermarket in Tokoroa. She met her future husband Brian Tamaki (who was two years older) and the two developed a romantic relationship. In August 1978, the couple moved to Te Awamutu where Brian became the manager at a dairy farm belonging to one of his relatives. In February 1979, Hannah gave birth to the couple's first child, Jasmine. Hannah bore a second daughter, named Jamie, 14 months later. In early 1979, Hannah underwent a \\\"born-again\\\" experience after Brian's parents Duke and Margaret Tamaki underwent a born-again experience following a meeting with Pastor Roy Beach, a former motorcycle-gang member turned pastor. The couple subsequently returned to Tokoroa in August 1979, staying with Basil. Hannah resumed her supermarket job while Brian found work tree-felling. Brian subsequently underwent a similar born-again experience in late 1979. The couple married on 22 March 1980. In January 1982, Hannah and her daughters accompanied her husband Brian to Te Nikau Bible College near Paraparaumu, which was affiliated with Pentecostal and Charismatic movements. During that period, Hannah gave birth to a son named Samuel. Hannah also took two courses at the Bible college, gaining an understanding of Christian theology. After Brian completed his ministerial training at Te Nikau Bible College, Hannah returned to her supermarket job. Brian took up a leadership role at Tokoroa Apostolic Church and became the manager of government employment-scheme. Hannah accompanied her husband as he pastored Rosetown Community Church in Te Awamutu and Lake City Church in Rotorua during the 1980s and 1990s. While in Te Awamutu, Hannah coached a netball team in order to increase their church's local contacts. In 1994, Brian seceded from the Apostolic Church denomination and founded his own movement, which subsequently became known as Destiny Church. Destiny Church In 1998, the Tamakis moved to Auckland and established City Church Auckland, which opened on 4 July. Destiny Church regards this date as its official commencement. Around 2002, Hannah Tamaki founded the Healing Hands Ministry as a small organisation to earn money from the Destiny women's meetings and to support people undergoing treatment, particularly for cancer. According to the historian Peter Lineham, Hannah served as the \\\"business brains\\\" of Destiny Church, complementing her husband Brian who was primarily\",\n \"title\": \"Hannah Tamaki\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"30613315\",\n \"text\": \"Samuel Kneeland ( 1696 – 14 December 1769) was an American printer and publisher of The Boston Gazette and Weekly Journal. Kneeland obtained much of his work printing laws and other official documents for the Province of Massachusetts Bay colonial government for about two decades. He printed the first Bible in the English language ever produced in the American colonies, along with many other religious and spiritual works, including the Book of Psalms. He was also noted for introducing a number of innovations to newspaper printing and journalism. He was one of many colonial printers who were strongly opposed to and outspoken against the Stamp Act in 1765. Kneeland, primarily, along with his sons, were responsible for printing the greater majority of books, magazines and pamphlets published in Boston during his lifetime. Early life and family heritage Samuel Kneeland was born in Boston and entered into the printing business around 1718. His parents were John Kneeland and Mary (Green) Kneeland, who had eight children, of which he was the third born. He was named after his grandfather, Samuel Green, a printer in Boston, and his great-grandfather, Samuel Green, of Cambridge, England, the publisher of the Cambridge Bible. His printing shop was located on Prison lane, now called Court Street, at the corner of Dorset's alley in Boston. This building was used for eighty years as a printing house by Kneeland and his sons and grandsons. On February 8, 1721, Kneeland married Mary Alden, of Boston, a granddaughter of Captain John Alden, a merchant, politician and sailor of Boston. He had respectable friends, who helped him get started in the printing business with the capitol to acquire the necessary printing materials when he became of age. His younger sister, Hannah Kneeland, born 1703, married Jeremiah Townsend, of Boston, on April 16, 1734. Kneeland was the father of four sons, all of whom became printers. Two of them, John and Daniel set up a press, and entered into partnership before their father's death, while other two were never to established their own businesses. Samuel Kneeland and his sons, with their various partnerships, continued to capture the greater large share of the printing business in Boston. It is estimated that between 1705 and 1785, three out of four books printed and published in Boston bore the Kneeland imprint. Career Kneeland was apprenticed to Bartholomew Green, and was considered a good workman, industrious and earnest in his business manner. For many years he was a printer to the Province of Massachusetts Bay government and council, printing their laws, acts charters and journals and other legal documents. Sometime before 1740, Kneeland took on Daniel Fowle as an apprentice, who went on to become a successful printer. Kneeland, proposed to add a number of new features in his practice of journalism, including the introduction of an organized corps of correspondents of \\\"the most knowing and ingenious gentlemen in several noted towns\\\", to seek out and gather news. He also made proposed to publish on a weekly\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Kneeland (printer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"50850893\",\n \"text\": \"The Smiths of Glastonbury were two generations of women—a mother and her five daughters—residing in Glastonbury, Connecticut, in the late 18th and 19th century who were early champions of education, abolition, and women's rights. Kimberly Mansion, their former home on Main Street, is now a designated National Historic Landmark, and the family as a whole was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994. The family The mother of the family, Hannah Hadassah (Hickok) Smith (1767–1850), was married to a prosperous Nonconformist clergyman, Zephaniah Smith. Zephaniah left the ministry due to a religious dispute and became a farmer and lawyer in Glastonbury. Hannah was conversant in the classics and saw to it that her daughters were exceptionally well educated. The author of an early anti-slavery petition, she was an abolitionist who helped slaves escape through the Underground Railroad. The five daughters were: Hancy Zephinia Smith (1787–1871), an active abolitionist Cyrinthia Sacretia Smith (1788–1864), a horticulturalist Laurilla Aleroyla Smith (1789–1837), a teacher at Catharine Beecher's seminary Julia Evelina Smith (1792–1886), a teacher at Emma Willard's school who became the first woman to translate the entire Bible from its original languages; a suffragist; and the author of a book, Abby Smith and Her Cows, about a suffrage-related tax battle with the Glastonbury authorities Abby Hadassah Smith (1797–1878), a public speaker on suffrage and a protagonist in the tax battle detailed in her sister Julia's book Unusually for the period, four of the daughters did not marry, while the fifth (Julia) married only at the age of 87. Glastonbury's middle school, Smith Middle School, is named after the family. See also Julia E. Smith Parker Translation References American families Suffragists from Connecticut American women's rights activists People from Glastonbury, Connecticut\",\n \"title\": \"Smiths of Glastonbury\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20733244\",\n \"text\": \"The Bulwark is a 1946 (posthumous) novel by Theodore Dreiser. Plot summary Hannah and Rufus Barnes, both Quakers, move out of Maine to Trenton, New Jersey, where Hannah's widowed sister lives. Their son Solon, the protagonist, meets Benecia Wallin; although she is affluent and he is not, they get married. Solon works in a bank in Philadelphia, where his Quaker values are contrary to financial ethos. He summons a bank examiner from Washington DC to stop the corrupt practices of some chief executives. Eventually, he resigns. Meanwhile, two of his offspring, Etta and Stewart, repudiate their Quaker upbringing. While Orville gets married and Isobel works in a college, Etta moves to Wisconsin and then Greenwich Village under the influence of one of her friends, Volida La Porte. She has an affair with a painter, until he decides to go West to further his career. Moreover, Stewart accidentally kills one of his dates and commits suicide shortly after. Eventually, Benecia dies upon Etta's return; Solon dies of cancer as Etta watches over him. Allusions to actual history Quaker figures by George Fox and John Woolman, with his Journals, are mentioned. Financiers such as Nicholas Biddle, Anthony Joseph Drexel I, George Dunton Widener, the Vanderbilt family, Jay Gould, J. P. Morgan, and John D. Rockefeller are mentioned. Allusions to other works The Quaker Book of Discipline and the Bible are mentioned. Mrs Tennet tells Orville about Fairy Berulyne. Later, Volida lends Etta a copy of The Lady of the Camellias by Alexandre Dumas, fils. Later, Etta also reads La Cousine Bette by Balzac, Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and Daudet's Sappho. Jack and the Beanstalk, Charles Perrault's Bluebeard, and Sinbad the Sailor are also mentioned. Literary significance and criticism Theodore Dreiser started working on this novel as early as 1914. It was published posthumously, one year after Dreiser's death. Dreiser read John Woolman's Journals in 1939. It has been suggested that Dreiser's reading of Thoreau in 1938 influenced some passages. The novel has been described as an allegory, where Solon is the figure of a saint. Moreover, it has been suggested that Solon Barnes was informed by Theodore Dreiser's own father, John Paul Dreiser. References 1946 American novels Novels by Theodore Dreiser Novels published posthumously Doubleday (publisher) books\",\n \"title\": \"The Bulwark (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"61275579\",\n \"text\": \"George Brown (January 10, 1746 – June 19, 1836) was a Rhode Island politician and judge who served as a justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court from May 1796 to June 1799, and as the first lieutenant governor of Rhode Island from 1799 to 1800. Early life Brown was born in South Kingstown, Rhode Island, on January 10, 1746. He was the eldest of four sons born to Robert Brown, Esq. and his first wife, Sarah (née Franklin) Brown, who married in 1745. His younger brothers were William, John and Franklin Brown. Some sources indicate Brown's mother, Sarah Franklin was a relative of Benjamin Franklin. Career Like his father Robert, George was an attorney at law in Rhode Island. He served as a representative in the Rhode Island General Assembly and in 1796 was elected by the Legislature as the second justice of the state supreme court, holding that office until 1799. From 1799 to 1800, Brown served as the lieutenant governor of Rhode Island under Governor Arthur Fenner. Brown defeated the incumbent lieutenant governor Samuel J. Potter, served his term and was in turn defeated by Potter who succeeded him. Brown owned a nearly four hundred acre farm in South Kingstown, which \\\"formerly constituted one of the most eligible tracts of the Hazards' Boston Neck estates.\\\" The head farmer on his estate was John Perry, father of Robinson Perry, and a cousin of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry. Personal life On April 24, 1768, Brown was married to Hannah Robinson (1751–1822) in Narragansett, Rhode Island. Hannah was the daughter of William Robinson and Hannah (née Brown) Robinson and the granddaughter of William Robinson who served as the 28th and 30th Deputy Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. George and Hannah were the parents of nine children together, including: Elizabeth Brown (1769–1855), who married Benjamin Robinson in 1791. George Brown (d. 1864), who married Mary Brown (d. 1842). Abby Brown (d. 1852) William Brown (1776–1824), who married Ann Dockray (1779–1845). Sarah Brown (1778–1804), who married John J. Watson (1774–1852) in 1798. Ann Brown (1783–1872) Hannah Brown (1785–1872), who married Rowse Babcock (1773–1841) in 1801. John Brown (1792–1833), who married Mary Elizabeth Robinson (1794–1866). Brown died on June 19, 1836, and was buried in River Bend Cemetery in Westerly, Rhode Island. References External links 1746 births 1836 deaths People from South Kingstown, Rhode Island Members of the Rhode Island General Assembly Justices of the Rhode Island Supreme Court Lieutenant Governors of Rhode Island\",\n \"title\": \"George Brown (Rhode Island politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"46502410\",\n \"text\": \"Hannah and John Edward Peck were an American married couple that were poisoned with arsenic by their son-in-law Arthur Warren Waite in 1916. The murders Arthur Warren Waite married Clara Louise Peck, the daughter of Hannah M. Peck (nee Carpenter) and John Edward Peck on September 9, 1915, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Hannah Peck was poisoned with arsenic and died on January 30, 1916, at the home of Waite and his wife and the victim's daughter Clara Peck. John Peck travelled from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Manhattan, New York City and he died on March 21, 1916. Waite poisoned him during a dental exam and gave him additional arsenic in his food. When the death was too slow he gave him ether and smothered him with a pillow. Waite was found guilty and sentenced to death via electrocution at Sing Sing on May 24, 1917. Perpetrator Arthur Warren Waite (December 2, 1887 – May 24, 1917) He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan to Warren W. Wait and Sarah Jane Haines. He claimed to be a physician and took a course in dentistry at the University of Michigan and then studied at the University of Glasgow. Subsequently, despite the fact that he was listed in directories as \\\"Dr. Waite\\\", he was never a registered physician, nor practiced dentistry. Victims John Edward Peck (March 4, 1844 – March 21, 1916) He was born in Newburg, New York, to Elias Peck and Catherine Millard. He married Hannah M. Carpenter in 1876. He died at 435 Riverside Drive in Manhattan, New York City at the home of Arthur. He founded Peck Brothers Drug Co. with his brother Thomas M. Peck and sold it for several million dollars. He was a director of several banks and held stocks in Furniture companies. Hannah M. Carpenter Peck (April 24, 1854 – January 30, 1916) was born in New York City. She married John Edward Peck. She was poisoned by Arthur Warren Waite. Family of victims Percy Seaman Peck (1878–1974) was the son of Hannah and John Edward Peck. He testified at the murder trial of Arthur Warren Waite. Waite's wife Clara Louise Peck Waite (1887–1964) was the daughter of Hannah and John Edward Peck, and the wife of Arthur Warren Waite. She was poisoned, and became ill, but recovered. She later married John J. Caulfield (1883–1952). Margaret Horton Margaret Horton was a cabaret singer who was having an affair with the married Arthur Warren Waite. References 1916 murders in the United States Murder in New Jersey Peck, Hannah M. Carpenter Peck, John Edward American murder victims Deaths by poisoning 1916 in New Jersey\",\n \"title\": \"Murder of Hannah and John E. Peck\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"74065435\",\n \"text\": \"Hannah Gifford was the teacher at a free school that was \\\"one of the most striking achievements of puritan Dorchester\\\" that operated between 1651 and 1668. The town paid for her salary, books, bibles and clothing for dozens of poor children. Life Gifford came to notice in 1651 when the town of Dorchester decided to create and fund a school. The Thomas Hardye School (for boys) was already operating but there was no school for the poor. The corporation agreed to pay her £10 a year to look after 30 pupils and to make that up to £12 if there was more than thirty children. In the event there were more than sixty prospective pupils who came either for the education or the offer of free clothing. A few of the recipients of the clothing lost interest after it was received. Gifford had been born Hannah Gilpin and her father Bernard Galpin had left for America in 1630 on board the Mary and John. She had married Robert Gifford the year before and she and Robert decided to stay. However they were not rich, but they were religious. Robert Gifford was given a charity payment in the 1640s. Her teaching at the new school was commended. She taught the children to read and to know the catechism. The school had been formed to improve the moral and spiritual well-being and the town paid for bibles and books which were supplied by John Long and William Churchill. The school was said to be \\\"one of the most striking achievements of puritan Dorchester\\\". It was maintained by a payment made on the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot. The school was operating in 1668 with her as teacher but the school had stopped by 1676. References School principals and headteachers People from Dorchester, Dorset 17th-century English women\",\n \"title\": \"Hannah Gifford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"55263809\",\n \"text\": \"Eunice Hale Cobb (; January 27, 1803 – May 2, 1880) was an American writer, public speaker, and activist. She was born in Kennebunk, Maine, in 1803 and she married Rev. Sylvanus Cobb in Hallowell, Maine, in 1822. She was a devoted and efficient assistant to his religious work as a Universalist preacher. Her eldest son, Sylvanus, Jr., derived much of his noted faculty for story-telling from her practice of telling him stories – often continued from evening to evening, as he sat at her feet when a child. She wrote hymns, and occasional poems, and obituary lines. Her faith in God was expressed in all her poetry. As a public speaker, she was very persuasive and convincing. She was the first female president of the Ladies Physiological Institute, of Boston, and served it in that capacity for some 15 years. She died in 1880. Early life and education Eunice Hale Waite was born in Kennebunk, January 27, 1803, the second child of Elizabeth Stanwood and Captain Hale Waite. Her father had removed to Kennebunk from Ipswich, Massachusetts, a short time before Cobb was born, and he returned there soon after her birth, so that Ipswich was associated with her earliest childhood. Captain Waite died when Cobb was five years old, leaving a widowed mother and four children, two of whom died at a very early age. After her father's death, Cobb was cared for by her maternal grandparents, who were Calvinists. At the age of ten, her mother married Samuel Locke (1784-1873), of Hallowell, a man of liberal education who was a school preceptor by profession. He was known to have exerted an influence on his stepdaughter. Thoroughly imbued with the Calvinistic doctrine by her grandparents, Cobb, at an early age, became a prominent member of the Baptist church of Hallowell. Asking her stepfather for spiritual guidance, he responded: \\\"I will not try to shake your faith, but I would have you study candidly, patiently, intelligently, fearlessly, the Bible.\\\" Family Of her genealogy, the following was contained in a son's memoir: — Thomas Waite of Ipswich is first mentioned in 1658. He was appointed sergeant in 1664. His wife was complained of before the court for wearing a silk dress, but it was decided that she was entitled to do so. From various circumstances, it is supposed that Thomas Waite was of the same family with the Maiden Waites, and with'them descended from Samuel Waite of Wethersfield, Essex County, England; but the evidence of such descent seems unattainable. Of his five children, the second son, John, was born in 1658, died May 21, 1736. He married for his first wife, Kathren Carroll, August 14, 1685; for second wife, Hannah Dorr, November 16, 1712. Their children numbered eight. Jonadab, the third son, was born February 20, 1690, married Hannah Adams, September 11, 1725, and died July 6, 1761. They had one child, John, baptized August 17, 1729. He was married to Sarah Kimball, November 30, 1749; died in February 1752,\",\n \"title\": \"Eunice Hale Cobb\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14881268\",\n \"text\": \"The Conversion of Sum Loo is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Library in August 1900. Plot summary After his first wife dies without giving him the progeny his recently deceased father strongly wished him to have, Sum Chin, who grew up in China and now lives in San Francisco, decides to marry the daughter of a friend he had in China. They have a child together, Sum Wing, and baptise him. The child dies, and Sum Chin becomes very mournful; this was his last chance of living up to his patronym. His wife also keeps away from other people. Once, Sister Hannah follows her into a joss house and sees her tear away pages from the Bible. Characters Sum Chin, a trader of 'Chinese bronzes and bric-a-brac in San Francisco'. He grew up in Nanjing, where he liked to read Chinese literature. Sum Loo, Sum Chin's wife. Sister Hannah Norman Girrard, a theological student at the Mission of the Heavenly Rest. He liked to do charcoal drawings in his youth. Later, he took to drinking absinthe and doing profane paintings. Te Wing, a 'purchasing agent' from Canton. He is Sum Loo's father. Sum Wing, Sum Chin and Loo's child, who dies soon after being baptised. Literary significance and criticism The Conversion of Sum Loo is a rewriting of Cather's earlier story, A Son of the Celestial. References External links Full Text at the Willa Cather Archive 1900 short stories Short stories by Willa Cather Works originally published in Library (journal)\",\n \"title\": \"The Conversion of Sum Loo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"704445\",\n \"text\": \"Zachary Macaulay (; 2 May 1768 – 13 May 1838) was a Scottish statistician and abolitionist who was a founder of London University and of the Society for the Suppression of Vice, and a Governor of British Sierra Leone. Early life Macaulay was born in Inveraray, Scotland, to Margaret Campbell and John Macaulay (1720 – 1789), who was a minister of the Church of Scotland and a grandson of Dòmhnall Cam. He had two brothers: Aulay Macaulay, who was an antiquary, and Colin Macaulay, who was a general and an abolitionist. Zachary Macaulay was not educated in, but taught himself, Greek and Latin and English literature. Career Macaulay worked in a merchant's office in Glasgow, where he fell into bad company and began to indulge in excessive drinking. In late 1784, when aged 16 years, he emigrated to Jamaica, where he worked as an assistant manager at a sugar plantation, at which he objected to slavery as a consequence of which he, contrary to the preference of his father, renounced his job and returned in 1789 to London, where he reduced his alcoholism and became a bookkeeper. He was influenced by Thomas Babington of Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, an evangelical Whig abolitionist whom his sister Jean had married, and by whom he was influenced and introduced to William Wilberforce and Henry Thornton. Macaulay in 1790 visited Sierra Leone, the West African colony that was founded by the Sierra Leone Company for emancipated slaves. He returned in 1792 to serve on its Council, by which he was invested as Governor in 1794, as which he remained until 1799. Macaulay became a member of the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, with William Wilberforce, to campaign for the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. He later became the secretary of the African Institution. He and Wilberforce also became members of the Clapham Sect of evangelical Whigs, that included Henry Thornton and Edward Eliot, for whom he edited the magazine, the Christian Observer, from 1802 to 1816. Macaulay served on committees that established London University, and that established the Society for the Suppression of Vice. He was also a fellow of the Royal Society, and an active supporter of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and of the Cheap Repository Tracts, and of the Church Missionary Society. Macaulay contributed to the 1823 foundation of the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery, and he was editor of its publication, the Anti-Slavery Reporter, in which he censured the analysis of indentured labour by the British Colonial Office expert Thomas Moody However, Zachary Macaulay desired a 'free black peasantry' rather than equality for Africans. Macaulay died on 13 May 1838 in London, where he was buried in St George's Gardens, Bloomsbury, and where a memorial to him was erected in Westminster Abbey. Personal life Macaulay married Selina Mills, who was the daughter of the Quaker printer Thomas Mills. They were introduced by Hannah More on 26 August 1799. They settled in\",\n \"title\": \"Zachary Macaulay\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"76801546\",\n \"text\": \"John Edwards Caldwell (February 2, 1769March 9, 1819) was an American author, philanthropist, and politician who co-founded the American Bible Society and the Christian Herald. Early life and family Caldwell was born in 1769, the son of James Caldwell and Hannah Ogden. His father was a Presbyterian minister who played a prominent part in the American Revolution and was known as the \\\"Fighting Parson\\\". Caldwell's family home was burned by Loyalists in 1780. After his father's murder in 1781, Caldwell was placed under the care of his legal guardian Elias Boudinot, who sent him to live in the home of Rev. Alexander MacWhorter. Caldwell was later adopted by Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, who took him with his family upon his return to France in 1782. Caldwell was educated in a French boarding school during that period. In 1785, Caldwell and the family of Lafayette dined with John Adams. In 1791, Caldwell returned to America and settled in Philadelphia, where his guardian Boudinot was living. Marriage In 1801, Caldwell married Hanna Wyck, and they had one daughter. Career In June 1801, Caldwell received a recess appointment by President Thomas Jefferson as Consular Agent for the West Indies and San Domingo. His appointment was confirmed by the United States Senate in January 1802. In 1802, he wrote to then-Secretary of State James Madison and provided an account of American vessels in port. Caldwell later moved to New York City. Caldwell was an early founder of the American Bible Society, and served as its general agent from 1878 until the rest of his life. In 1816, Caldwell made a founding donation to the society of $10,000. Caldwell was also the founder of the Christian Herald, and he served as editor and publisher of the first five volumes. In 1809, Caldwell published his first book, A Tour through Part of Virginia, In the Summer of 1808. Death and legacy Caldwell died in 1819 aged 50. He is buried at Middle Dutch Church. His portrait is in the permanent collection of the National Portrait Gallery. The John Edwards Caldwell Papers are in the permanent collection of the Library of Congress, and his 1809 book A Tour through Part of Virginia is in the collection of the United States National Library of Medicine. Works A Tour through Part of Virginia, In the Summer of 1808, 1809. Some Account of the Islands of the Azores, 1809. Scenes from a Cave Tour, 1808. The Christian Herald: Volume I, 1816. The Christian Herald: Volume II, 1816. The Christian Herald: Volume III, 1817. The Christian Herald: Volume IV, 1817. The Christian Herald: Volume V, 1818. References 1769 births 1819 deaths People from Elizabeth, New Jersey Historians of Virginia Historians of Colonial North America 18th-century American writers 19th-century American writers 19th-century American politicians 18th-century American politicians American Presbyterians\",\n \"title\": \"John Edwards Caldwell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"44513342\",\n \"text\": \"Serena Lake (née Thorne) (28 October 1842 – 9 July 1902) was an English Australian suffragist, temperance activist, and evangelical preacher in South Australia. Early life Serena Thorne was born in England at Shebbear, Devon. She was the daughter of Bible Christian Methodist preachers, Samuel and Mary Thorne. Her grandfather, William O’Bryan was the founder of the Bible Christian Church. Bible Christians allowed women preachers and by the age of 21 she was a widely known preacher through Devon, Cornwall and South Wales. Australia Serena Thorne was sent to preach and help establish Bible Christianity in Queensland, Australia in 1865 and in 1870 she was invited by Samuel Way and Dr Allan Campbell to preach at Bible Christian Churches in Adelaide, South Australia. She preached to large crowds in Adelaide and travelled widely amongst the parishes of South Australia. In March 1871 Lake married Reverend Octavius Lake (1841 – 9 September 1922), whom she had previously known in England. They were married by Rev. James Way in Samuel Way's house in Adelaide on 2 March 1871. Between 1873 and 1883 she gave birth to seven children only one of whom survived to adulthood. Women's Suffrage League In 1888 Lake was involved in the foundation meeting of the South Australian Women's Suffrage League and was appointed to the council. Lake believed gender equality was \\\"the original design of the Creator\\\" and combined her passion for women's suffrage with her evangelical passion. Lake shared platforms with suffragists such as Mary Lee, and used logic, wit and evangelical fervour to argue in favour of women's suffrage. Lake was a strong believer in the evils of alcohol and felt confident that once women had the vote it would help to end the liquor trade. Woman's Christian Temperance Union In 1889 Lake was appointed to the position of Colonial Organiser of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of South Australia as well as Suffrage superintendent of the Union. Lake travelled widely across South Australia, as well as to Broken Hill, to enrol new members and establish branches of the Union throughout country South Australia. She was, with Elizabeth Webb Nicholls (1850–1943), Maria Peacock Henderson, Mary Jane George, Hannah Chewings, and Sarah Lindsay Evans a trustee of the Union when it was incorporated in 1891. She also spread the women's suffrage message through the Union in her role as Suffrage superintendent. In an 1890 report to the Union, Lake recorded 27 new Unions she had organised across South Australia. Lake requested each of the 65 South Australian Unions to report on the works of their women's suffrage departments, however, in her 1891 report she noted that only half replied and some did not have suffrage departments. The 1891 report provided information on the progress of women's suffrage legislation and contained an appeal from Lake to members to spread the suffrage work. A quote from Lake's 1891 report states: \\\"The aim of our work is to wake both men and women up to the injustice and absurdity of\",\n \"title\": \"Serena Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"58006058\",\n \"text\": \"Lyman Burt Peet (March 1, 1809 - January 11, 1878; Chinese: 弼利民 or 弼來滿; Pinyin: Bì Lìmín or Bì Láimǎn; Foochow Romanized: Bĭk Lé-mìng or Bĭk Lài-muāng) was one of the first Congregationalist missionaries to Fuzhou, China. Life Lyman Burt Peet was born on March 1, 1809, in Cornwall, Vermont to Lemuel and Roxalany (Stebbins) Peet. He graduated from Middlebury College in 1834 and from Andover Theological Seminary in 1837. On December 13, 1837, he was ordained in South Dennis, Massachusetts, and sailed as a missionary of the A.B.C.F.M. for Siam on July 6, 1839. In August 1846 he was transferred to Fuzhou and reached there in September 1847. Peet retired in 1871, and resided in West Haven, Connecticut until he died of dysentery on January 11, 1878. Peet married twice. In 1839 he married his first wife, Rebecca Clemence Sherrill, who died in Fuzhou in 1856. On June 6, 1858, he married Hannah Louisa Plimpton, who, after Peet's death, married to another ABCFM missionary in Fuzhou, Charles Hartwell. During his years in Fuzhou, he helped translate several portions of the Bible including the Book of Psalms, the Proverbs, and the Book of Job into the local Fuzhou dialect. References Presbyterian missionaries in China Christian missionaries in Fujian Presbyterian writers Middlebury College alumni Andover Theological Seminary alumni People from Cornwall, Vermont 1809 births 1878 deaths American expatriates in China American Presbyterian missionaries\",\n \"title\": \"Lyman Burt Peet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"42750662\",\n \"text\": \"Sarah Ewing Hall (October 30, 1761 – April 8, 1830) was an American educator, poet, and essayist of Christian literature. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the daughter of the Reverend John Ewing, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church and Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, and Hannah (Sergeant) Ewing. She was taught at home by her father and by his learned guests' instructive dialogues. Her favorite subject was astronomy, where her father was an expert. She also gained vast knowledge of Greek and Latin when listening to her brothers recite. In 1782, she married John Hall, who was the son of a wealthy Maryland planter, and they had eleven children, residing in relative solitude on his farm in Maryland for the next eight years. In 1790 the family returned to Philadelphia where John Hall served as secretary of the Pennsylvania land office and a U.S. marshal from 1799 to 1801. In 1805 they moved to New Jersey, but later financial changes forced them to move back to Maryland, from where they returned to Philadelphia in 1811. Two of her sons were John Elihu Hall and James Hall, both of whom were prominent publishers and writers. She died in Philadelphia in 1830 and was buried in the Third Presbyterian Church burial ground. Writing career Hall was an essayist and wrote for Joseph Dennie's Port Folio, a Philadelphia Federalist magazine. In 1818 shw wrote Conversations on the Bible, which became her most notable work. in 1833, her essays and letters were compiled and published as Mrs. Sarah Hall, Author of Conversations on the Bible. Bibliography Conversations on the Bible (1818) Mrs. Sarah Hall, Author of Conversations on the Bible (1833) References 1761 births 1830 deaths Poets from Philadelphia American women poets 19th-century American poets 18th-century American poets American Christian writers American women essayists 19th-century American women writers 18th-century essayists 19th-century American essayists 18th-century American women writers Educators from Pennsylvania American women educators\",\n \"title\": \"Sarah Ewing Hall\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5369370\",\n \"text\": \"Black & Blue is a 1997 crime novel by Ian Rankin. The eighth of the Inspector Rebus novels, it was the first to be adapted in the Rebus television series starring John Hannah, airing in 2000. It is considered a landmark entry in the Tartan Noir genre. Plot summary Detective Inspector John Rebus is working on four cases at once trying to catch a killer he suspects of being the infamous Bible John. He has to do it while under an internal inquiry led by a man he has accused of taking bribes from Glasgow's \\\"Mr Big\\\". TV journalists are meanwhile investigating Rebus over a miscarriage of justice. Rebus travels between Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen and then on to Shetland and the North Sea. Full summary Set in Scotland around the mid-1990s, Black & Blue focuses on Detective Inspector Rebus. Transferred to Craigmillar, Rebus is investigating the Johnny Bible case. (The spree of recent killings bears a striking similarity to the factual \\\"Bible John\\\" case of the late 1960s.) Rebus resolves an ambiguous incident with his colleague Brian Holmes, regarding the alleged assault on the criminal Mental Minto. He becomes involved in investigating the brutal death of Allan Mitchison. At home, Rebus is fascinated by the Bible John killings, and studies them off-duty through old newspapers and reports. Rebus had also worked on the Spaven case with a former boss, Geddes; despite having arrested Spaven and found him with the victim's handbag, Rebus (and the press) are not convinced that the evidence wasn't planted. Spaven had continued to protest his innocence, including in a best-selling biography, before committing suicide in prison. Rebus starts investigating Mitchison's death, while assigning Holmes to research Geddes’ notes in the Spaven case, to return the favour for resolving the earlier incident with Minto. Suspecting Tony El of murdering Mitchison, Rebus puts out his description before heading to Partick to see Joseph Toal, a local crime boss who used to employ Tony El. The book switches to Bible John's viewpoint, who arrives in Scotland, apparently to pursue Johnny Bible, whom he calls \\\"the Upstart\\\". Investigating libraries, Bible John starts tracing anyone who has researched him. In Partick with CI Ancram and an old friend, DI Jack Morton, Rebus continues investigating Johnny Bible, and calls on his relationship with Cafferty, a gang lord in Edinburgh now behind bars. Because of his respect for Rebus despite his being a police officer, Cafferty arranges a meeting for him with Uncle Joe, where Rebus learns that Tony El is no longer working for Uncle Joe and apparently headed south. After a dispute with Ancram, Rebus heads back home. After meeting with Gill Templer, Rebus attempts to visit one of his colleague's snitches, only to find him dead in the canal. In an attempt to satisfy the press, the police open an inquiry into the Spaven case, and bring Rebus in as he is the only surviving person to have been closely involved. Attempting to stall talking to them, Rebus heads\",\n \"title\": \"Black & Blue (Rankin novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3359455\",\n \"text\": \"Hannah O'Brien Chaplin Conant (, Chaplin; pen name, H. C. Conant; September 5, 1809February 18, 1865) was an American biblical scholar. Biography Hannah O'Brien Chaplin was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, September 5, 1809. Her father was a clergyman. In 1830, she was married to Thomas Jefferson Conant, and in 1838 she became the editor of The Mother's Journal. She translated from the German Strauss' Baptism in Jordan, Neander's commentary on Philippians, and works by other authors. Her works are The Earnest Man, an excellent biography of Adoniram Judson (1855), and a Popular History of English Bible Translation (1856). She was an able assistant in her husband's Hebrew studies. Selected works The earnest man : a sketch of the character and labors of Adoniram Judson, first missionary to Burmah (1855) Popular History of English Bible Translation (1856) The English Bible. History of the translation of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue. With specimens of the old English versions (1856) The popular history of the translation of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue. With specimens of the old English versions (1880) References 1809 births 1865 deaths Hannah People from Danvers, Massachusetts American biblical scholars German–English translators American magazine editors American women magazine editors 19th-century American journalists 19th-century American women journalists 19th-century American translators Female biblical scholars 19th-century pseudonymous writers\",\n \"title\": \"Hannah O'Brien Chaplin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11038490\",\n \"text\": \"Lewis Sperry Chafer (February 27, 1871 – August 22, 1952) was an American theologian. He co-founded Dallas Theological Seminary with his older brother Rollin Thomas Chafer (1868-1940), served as its first president, and was an influential proponent of Christian Dispensationalism in the early 20th century. John Hannah described Chafer as a visionary Bible teacher, a minister of the gospel, a man of prayer with strong piety. One of his students, Charles Caldwell Ryrie, who went on to become a world renowned theologian and scholar, stated that Chafer was an evangelist who was also \\\"an eminent theologian.\\\" Biography Early life Chafer was born in Rock Creek, Ohio to Thomas and Lomira Chafer and was the second of three children. His father, a parson, died from tuberculosis when Lewis was 11 years old, and his mother supported the family by teaching school and keeping boarders in the family home. Chafer attended the Rock Creek Public School as a young boy, and the New Lyme Institution in New Lyme, Ohio from 1885 to 1888. Here he discovered a talent for music and choir. Chafer quit his studies at Oberlin to work with YMCA evangelist, Arthur T. Reed of Ohio. From 1889 to 1891, Chafer attended Oberlin College, where he met Ella Loraine Case. They were married April 22, 1896 and formed a traveling evangelistic music ministry, he singing or preaching and she playing the organ. Their marriage lasted until she died in 1944. Ministry Ordained in 1900 by a Council of Congregational Ministers in the First Congregational Church in Buffalo and in 1903 he ministered as an evangelist in the Presbytery of Troy in Massachusetts and became associated with the ministry of Cyrus Scofield, who became his mentor. During this early period, Chafer began writing and developing his theology. He taught Bible classes and music at the Mount Hermon School for Boys from 1906 to 1910. He joined the Orange Presbytery in 1912 due to the increasing influence of his ministry in the south. He aided Scofield in establishing the Philadelphia School of the Bible in 1913. From 1923 to 1925, he served as general secretary of the Central American Mission. When Scofield died in 1921, Chafer moved to Dallas, Texas to pastor the First Congregational Church of Dallas, an independent church where Scofield had ministered. Then, in 1924, Chafer and his friend William Henry Griffith Thomas realized their vision of a simple, Bible-teaching theological seminary and founded Dallas Theological Seminary (originally Evangelical Theological College). Chafer served as president of the seminary and professor of Systematic Theology from 1924 until his death. He died with friends while away at a conference in Seattle, Washington in August 1952. In 1953, the newly built chapel was designated the Lewis Sperry Chafer Chapel after the recently passed leader. During his life, Chafer received three honorary doctorates: Doctor of Divinity from Wheaton in 1926, Doctor of Letters from Dallas in 1942, and Doctor of Theology from the Aix-en-Province, France, Protestant Seminary in 1946. Chafer had a tremendous\",\n \"title\": \"Lewis Sperry Chafer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"392071\",\n \"text\": \"Major-General Sir Henry Havelock (5 April 1795 – 24 November 1857) was a British general who is particularly associated with India and his recapture of Cawnpore during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Early life Henry Havelock was born at Ford Hall, Bishopwearmouth (now in Sunderland), the son of William Havelock, a wealthy shipbuilder, and Jane, daughter of John Carter, solicitor, of Stockton-on-Tees. He was the second of four brothers, all of whom entered the army. The family moved to Ingress Park, Greenhithe, Kent, when Henry was still a child, and here his mother died in 1811. From January 1800 until August 1804 Henry attended Dartford Grammar School as a parlour boarder with the Master, Rev John Bradley, after which he was placed with his elder brother in the boarding-house of Dr. Raine, headmaster of Charterhouse School until he was 17. Among his contemporaries at Charterhouse were Connop Thirlwall, George Grote, William Hale, Julius Hare, and William Norris (Recorder of Penang), the last two being his special friends. Shortly after leaving Charterhouse his father lost his fortune by unsuccessful speculation, sold Ingress Hall, and removed to Clifton. In accordance with the desire of his mother he entered the Middle Temple in 1813, and became a pupil of Joseph Chitty; his fellow-student was Thomas Talfourd. Havelock was thrown upon his own resources, and obliged to abandon the law as a profession. By the good offices of his brother William, who had distinguished himself in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo, he obtained on 30 July 1815, at the age of 20, a post as second lieutenant in the 95th Regiment of Foot, Rifle Brigade, and was posted to the company of Captain Harry Smith, who encouraged him to study military history and the art of war. He was promoted lieutenant on 24 October 1821. During the following eight years of service in Britain he read extensively all the standard works and acquired a good acquaintance with the theory of war. India Seeing no prospect of active service, he resolved to go to India, and at the end of 1822 transferred into the 13th (1st Somersetshire) Regiment (Light Infantry), then commanded by Major Robert Sale, and embarked on the General Kyd in January 1823 for India. Before embarkation he studied the Persian and Hindustani languages with success under John Borthwick Gilchrist. During the voyage a brother officer, Lieutenant James Gardner, awakened in Havelock religious convictions which had slumbered since his mother's death, but henceforth became the guiding principle of his life. Havelock served with distinction in the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826), after which he returned to England and married Hannah Shepherd Marshman, the daughter of eminent Christian missionaries Dr. and Mrs. Joshua Marshman. At about the same time he became a Baptist, being baptized by John Mack at Serampore. He introduced some of his new family's missionary ideas to the army and began the distribution of bibles to all soldiers. He also introduced all-rank bible study classes and established the first non-church services\",\n \"title\": \"Henry Havelock\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11184831\",\n \"text\": \"Hana Catherine Mullens (1826–1861) was a European Christian missionary, educator, translator and writer. She was a leader of zenana missions, setting up schools for girls and writing what is arguably the first novel in Bengali. She spent most of her life in Calcutta, then the capital of British India (now Kolkata, West Bengal), and was fluent in the Bengali language. Early life and education Hana Catherine Lacroix was born in Calcutta. Her father was Alphonse François Lacroix, a Swiss Protestant missionary who went to Chinsurah in 1821 to preach Christianity on behalf of the London Missionary Society (LMS). Her mother, Hannah Herklots, was from a Dutch colonial family. Hana grew up in the mission in Bhowanipore, one of the Dihi Panchannagram villages then on the suburbs of the capital of the Raj. She learned Bengali, the language of her amah and other servants, at a period when Sanskrit was used only for liturgical and religious purposes; and Bengali was only a language of conversation. At the age of 12 she started teaching Bengali in a newly established school. She was educated mostly by her parents until the family travelled back to Europe when she was 15. Living in London gave her the opportunity to study at the Home and Colonial School Society, where she trained to be a teacher, and then returned to Calcutta. Career Educator In 1845, she married Joseph Mullens also of the LMS, who had travelled out to India on the same ship as her father. The missionary couple continued their work in Calcutta for a dozen years. Using her fluency in Bengali, Hana Catherine Mullens was head of a girls' boarding school, and taught Bible classes to women. It was at the invitation of Rev. Mullens, chairing the Bengal Missionary Conference of 1855, that Rev. John Fordyce first reported on his female teaching initiative in the zenana. (The word refers to the secluded living quarters of girls and women, similar to purdah.) Hana Catherine Mullens became known for her devotion to the outreach programme of the zenana missions. Shortly after the conference, she persuaded the widow of a Hindu doctor to accommodate zenana teaching in her home, and then negotiated other similar arrangements. These Indian Christians were known as Bible women. In 1858, she and her husband visited Britain to spread the word about their missionary work in India. By the time of her death in 1861, she had four zenanas under her care and was visiting a further eleven every afternoon. Writer She is credited by some with having written the first novel in the Bengali language, Phulmani O Karunar Bibaran (Description of Phulmani and Karuna), in 1852. It was aimed at native Christian women. This book was published six years before Peary Chand Mitra published his Alaler Gharer Dulal. There are other claimants to earlier novels. Nabababubilas published by Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay in 1825 is claimed as one but others think of it as being merely a story. Similar reservation has also been expressed\",\n \"title\": \"Hana Catherine Mullens\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"63305492\",\n \"text\": \"Bible translations into Geʽez, an ancient South Semitic language of the Ethiopian branch, date back to the 6th century at least, making them one of the world's oldest Bible translations. Translations of the Bible in Ge'ez, in a predecessor of the Ge'ez script which did not possess vowels, were created between the 5th and 7th century, soon after the Christianization of Ethiopia in the 4th century. The milestones of the modern editions were the Roman edition of the New Testament in 1548 edited by Tasfa Seyon, which is the editio princeps, and the critical edition of the New Testament by Thomas P. Platt in 1830 (his edition of the Geʽez four Gospels was first published in 1826). The Garima Gospels are the oldest translation of the Bible in Ge'ez and the world's earliest complete illustrated Christian manuscript. Monastic tradition holds that they were composed close to the year 500, a date supported by recent radiocarbon analysis; samples from Garima 2 proposed a date of 390–570, while counterpart dating of samples from Garima 1 proposed a date of 530–660. The Garima Gospels is also thought to be the oldest surviving Geʽez manuscript. Ge'ez Bible manuscripts existed until at least the late 17th century. In 2009, the Ethiopian Catholic Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church associated themselves with the Bible Society of Ethiopia to produce a printed version of the Bible in Ge'ez. The New Testament was released in 2017. References Further reading Piovanelli, Pierluigi. \\\"Aksum and the Bible: Old Assumptions and New Perspectives.\\\" Aethiopica 21 (2018): 7-27. Open access Hannah, Darrell. \\\"The Vorlage of the Ethiopic Version of the Epistula Apostolorum: Greek or Arabic?.\\\" Beyond Canon: Early Christianity and the Ethiopic Textual Tradition (2020): 97ff. Knibb, Michael A. 2000. Translating the Bible: The Ethiopic Version of the Old Testament, by Michael A. Knibb. The Schweich Lectures for 1995. New York: Oxford University Press for the British Academy. Ullendorff, Edward, Ethiopia and the Bible: The Schweich Lectures (Oxford: British Academy, 1968) Zuurmond, Rochus. \\\"The Ethiopic Version of the New Testament.\\\" The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis (1995): 142–56. External links VETERIS TESTAMENTI AETHIOPICA, Ran HaCohen's text digitization of Augustus Dillmann's edited OT Apocrypha History of Christianity in Ethiopia Bible versions and translations Texts in Ge'ez\",\n \"title\": \"Bible translations into Geʽez\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10133\",\n \"text\": \"Elias Boudinot ( ; May 2, 1740 – October 24, 1821), a Founding Father of the United States, was a lawyer, statesman, and early abolitionist and women's rights advocate from Elizabeth, New Jersey. During the Revolutionary War, Boudinot was an intelligence officer and prisoner-of-war commissary under general George Washington, working to improve conditions for prisoners on both the American and British sides. In 1779, he was elected to the Continental Congress and then to its successor, the Congress of the Confederation, serving as President of Congress in 1782—1783, the final years of the war. After being elected to the first, second, and third U.S. Congresses, where he served from 1789—1795, Boudinot was appointed director of the United States Mint by president Washington and held the position through 1805 under the presidencies of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. An advocate for women’s rights, he led a Federalist campaign in New Jersey during the early 1790s to encourage women to become active in politics. Boudinot, a devout Presbyterian, spoke out frequently against slavery, both as a member of Congress and as a private citizen. In 1816, he helped found the American Bible Society and served as its first president for five years. Boudinot was also a member of the board of trustees of Princeton College from 1772-1821, the year of his death. Early life and education Elias Boudinot was born in Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania on May 2, 1740. His father, Elias Boudinot III, was a merchant and silversmith; he was a neighbor and friend of Benjamin Franklin. His mother, Mary Catherine Williams, was born in the British West Indies; her father was from Wales. Elias' paternal grandfather, Elie (sometimes called Elias) Boudinot, was the son of Jean Boudinot and Marie Suire of Marans, Aunis, France. They were a Huguenot (French Protestant) family who fled to New York about 1687 to avoid the religious persecutions of King Louis XIV. Mary Catherine Williams and Elias Boudinot Sr. were married on August 8, 1729. Over the next twenty years, they had nine children. The first, John, was born in the British West Indies-Antigua. Of the others, only the younger Elias and his siblings Annis, Mary, and Elisha reached adulthood. Annis became one of the first published women poets in the Thirteen Colonies, and her work appeared in leading newspapers and magazines. Elisha Boudinot became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. After studying and being tutored at home, Elias Boudinot went to Princeton, New Jersey to read the law as a legal apprentice to Richard Stockton, an attorney who married Elias' older sister Annis Boudinot. Stockton would also become a Founding Father as a signatory to the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Career In 1760, Boudinot was admitted to the bar, and began his practice in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He owned land adjacent to the road from Elizabethtown to Woodbridge Township, New Jersey. Marriage and family After getting established, on April 21, 1762, Boudinot married Hannah Stockton (1736–1808), Richard's younger\",\n \"title\": \"Elias Boudinot\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"30368344\",\n \"text\": \"William Swan (21 June 1791, in Leven, Fife – 18 January 1866) was a Scottish missionary in Siberia and one of the translators of the Bible into Mongolian. Swan's first period in Siberia was relatively successful, working with Edward Stallybrass and , and preparing the Mongolian Bible. From Siberia he published Letters on Missions (1830) which the disappointed book reviewer of the Imperial Magazine found to be edifying, but totally lacking in any local colour from Siberia. In 1831 Swan returned to Britain for publication of the Mongolian Bible (New Testament printed) and to visit Great Britain and married Hannah Cullen. However, when the couple attempted to return to Siberia via Saint Petersburg, Swan was arrested and held until the end of 1833. The Russian government finally suppressed the Protestant Siberian mission in 1840 and expelled the Swans and others. References 1791 births 1866 deaths Scottish Congregationalist missionaries Translators of the Bible into Mongolian Translators to Buryat Congregationalist missionaries in Russia 19th-century translators Missionary linguists\",\n \"title\": \"William Swan (missionary)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2662485\",\n \"text\": \"The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late 17th-century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959. Plot summary In April 1687, 16-year-old Katherine Tyler (known as Kit) leaves her home in Barbados after her grandfather dies and a 50-year-old man tries to marry her. She relocates to Wethersfield, Connecticut to live with her Aunt Rachel, Uncle Matthew, and her two cousins, Judith and Mercy, in their Puritan community. A brief stop is made in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, to pick up four new passengers. As the small rowboat returns to the ship, a young girl named Prudence accidentally drops her doll in the water and begs her harsh mother, Goodwife Cruff, to get it back for her. Impulsively, Kit jumps into the water and retrieves the doll. She is then met with astonished suspicion, as few white people in Connecticut could swim so well. Cruff is the most skeptical of them all, believing Kit is a witch, commenting, \\\"No respectable woman could stay afloat like that.\\\" On the slow trip upriver, Kit befriends John Holbrook, another passenger coming to Wethersfield to study with the Reverend Gershom Bulkeley. Kit finds Wethersfield very different from Barbados. Unlike at her previous home, where Kit's family owned servants and slaves, she is expected to work here along with the rest of the family. Her cousin Mercy has a lame leg and is on crutches. Kit is required to attend the Sabbath church meetings twice each Sunday, which she finds dull. Kit meets a rich young man, William Ashby. He begins courting her, though she does not care for him. Originally, her cousin Judith had hoped to marry William, but she focuses on John Holbrook, a divinity student studying with Bulkeley. Kit's life improves when she and Mercy begin teaching some young children of Wethersfield, who are preparing for traditional school. Everything proceeds well until one day, bored with the normal lessons, Kit decides the children will reenact a passage from the Bible: the parable of the Good Samaritan. The head of the school, Eleazer Kimberly, enters the house just as things get out of hand. He is outraged at Kit for having the audacity to act out something from the Bible and shuts down the school. Heartbroken, Kit flees to the meadows where she meets and befriends the kind, elderly Hannah Tupper, who was outlawed from the Massachusetts colony because she is a Quaker and does not attend church meetings, as well as being suspected of being a witch. With Hannah's support, Kit convinces Kimberly to give the school another chance. As fellow outcasts, Kit and Hannah develop a deep bond, and even after her uncle forbids Kit to continue the friendship, she keeps visiting Hannah. During one of her visits, Kit again meets the handsome Nathaniel (Nat) Eaton, son of the captain of the Dolphin. Without realizing it, she falls in love with him, and though\",\n \"title\": \"The Witch of Blackbird Pond\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16188332\",\n \"text\": \"1 Samuel 2 is the second chapter of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible (or the \\\"First Book of Samuel\\\" in the Christian Bible). It recounts the Song of Hannah, the corruption of the priests descended from Eli, Samuel's ministry to God 'even as a child' and the prophecy of a \\\"man of God\\\" against Eli's household. Text The original text of this chapter, as with the rest of the Books of Samuel, was written in Hebrew. Since the division of the Bible into chapters in the late medieval period, this chapter is divided into 36 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSam; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–10, 16–36. There is also a difference into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century). Period The event in this chapter happened at the end of judges period in Israel, about 1100 BC. Structure The New Revised Standard Version organises this chapter as follows: = Hannah's Prayer = Eli’s Wicked Sons = The Child Samuel at Shiloh = Prophecy Against Eli’s Household Prophecy against Eli's household Verses 22 to 25 introduce a topic dealing with the condemnation of the house of Eli on account of his sons' transgressions. The Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, Targum, and Vulgate translation refer to Hophni and Phinehas' sins including both the misappropriation of food brought to sacrifice at the shrine in Shiloh and also their sexual relations with \\\"the women who assembled at the door of the tabernacle of meeting\\\". The Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls omit the latter issue. Eli hears of his sons' behaviour and challenges them to reform, but they take no account of his pleading. Then a \\\"man of God\\\" comes to Eli, a prophet of whom, says Donald Spence Jones, \\\"we know nothing\\\". See also Hophni and Phinehas Notes References Bibliography Commentaries on Samuel Shmuel I – Samuel I (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org General External links Masoretic Text שמואל א Shmuel Aleph – Samuel A (Hebrew – English at Mechon-Mamre.org) Jewish translations 1 Samuel at Mechon-Mamre (Jewish Publication Society translation) Christian translations Samuel 1 at Bible Gateway Related articles Introduction to the book of 1 Samuel from the NIV Study Bible 02 Eli (biblical figure)\",\n \"title\": \"1 Samuel 2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"34678793\",\n \"text\": \"Hannah Ward Barron (14 July 1829 – 10 November 1898) was a successful businesswoman, hotel proprietor and landowner in New Zealand. Biography She was born in Cork, County Cork, Ireland on 14 July 1829, the oldest daughter and third child of Elizabeth Lynch and shopkeeper Thomas Dorney. Initially, she was given the first name of Joanna, but soon she chose Hannah, instead. In Ireland, she learned how to read, write, sing and play piano and she was raised a devout Roman Catholic, \\\"which sustained her all her life.\\\" Hannah survived an Irish famine (1845 to 1849) and married William Ward \\\"probably on 7 October 1850\\\" in Cork, Ireland. Only a few years later, William Ward set out to London and then Melbourne, Australia, arriving in August 1853. Soon thereafter, while pregnant and toting two infants, Hannah followed him, arriving on 24 October 1853. The young family lived in the Melbourne area but William \\\"did not prosper.\\\" To support the family, Hannah went to work, operating a small shop and then a lodging house on Abbotsford Street, providing housing for miners. In time, she gave birth to more children, but her husband and seven of her eight sons died, succumbing to the many diseases that spread throughout the overcrowded city. She married again on 31 December 1862 to a butcher from Northumberland, England, named John Barron, and from then on was known as Hannah Ward Barron. However, her second marriage was not successful and nine months later, in September 1863, Hannah and her three surviving children sailed for New Zealand. They settled in Campbelltown (now known as Bluff), situated in a southern-most point of New Zealand. Hannah soon opened a shop for miners who worked in nearby goldfields. Eventually, the goldfields were exhausted and Hannah opened a lodge for sailors located near the wharf. Her business flourished and she borrowed enough money to buy land and convert her boarding house into the Club Hotel in Bluff. There, she thrived as a lodger and landowner and managed the hotel until her death. Hannah died 10 November 1898 in the Bluff home of her daughter, Mary (Mina) Eliza Frances. She was survived by Mary and her two sons William Thomas Ward and Joseph Ward (1856–1930), who was active in politics and became the 17th prime minister of New Zealand from 1906 to 1912, and again from 1928 to 1930. References See also Bassett, M. 'In search of Sir Joseph Ward'. New Zealand Journal of History 21, No 1 (1987): 112—124 1829 births 1898 deaths 19th-century Irish businesspeople Businesspeople from Cork (city) Irish emigrants to New Zealand 19th-century New Zealand businesspeople 19th-century New Zealand businesswomen\",\n \"title\": \"Hannah Ward Barron\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1728591\",\n \"text\": \"Joshua Marshman (20 April 1768 – 6 December 1837) was a Baptist missionary in Bengal, India from 1799 until his death. He was a member of the Serampore trio with William Carey and William Ward. The trio founded Serampore University, many primary and secondary schools, and translated and published a large number of works, including translations of the Bible. Marshman was \\\"an accomplished scholar, linguist and theologian and was a prolific author and polemicist.\\\" His mission involved social reforms and intellectual debates with educated Hindus such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Origins Joshua Marshman was born on 20 April 1768 in Britain at Westbury Leigh, Wiltshire, England. His father, John Marshman was a weaver. Of his family little is known, except that they traced their descent from an officer in the Army of Cromwell, one of a band who, at the Restoration, relinquished, for conscience-sake, all views of worldly aggrandisement, and retired into the country to support himself by his own industry. His father John passed the early part of his life at sea and was engaged in the Hind, a British frigate commanded by Captain Robert Bond, at the 1759 capture of Quebec. Shortly after this, he returned to England and in 1764 married Mary Couzener. She was a descendant of a French family who had sought refuge in England following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes; after his marriage he lived in Westbury Leigh and took up the trade of a weaver. Early days Marshman's family were poor and could give him little education. In 1791, Joshua married Hannah Shepherd and in 1794 they moved from Westbury Leigh to Bristol. There they joined the Broadmead Baptist Church. Baptists at that time were dissenters who separated from the Church of England. Marshman taught in a local charity school supported by the church. He also studied at the Bristol Baptist College. Marshman was appointed a missionary by the Baptist Union of Great Britain. On 29 May 1799 Marshman his wife and their two children set out from Portsmouth for India aboard the ship Criterion. Although there was a threat of a French naval attack the family landed safely at the Danish settlement of Serampore, a few miles north of Calcutta, on 13 October 1799. Family The couple had 12 children; of these only five were alive when their father died. Their youngest daughter Hannah married Henry Havelock, who became a British general in India, and whose statue is in Trafalgar Square, London. Their daughter Rachel was married to the forestry administrator Sir Dietrich Brandis. When he first met pioneering missionary William Carey's four boys in 1800, Marshman was appalled by the neglect with which Carey treated them. Aged 4, 7, 12 and 15, they were unmannered, undisciplined, and even uneducated. Marshman, his wife Hannah, and their friend the printer William Ward, took the boys in tow. Together they shaped the boys as Carey pampered his botanical specimens, performed his many missionary tasks and journeyed into Calcutta to teach at\",\n \"title\": \"Joshua Marshman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"56249330\",\n \"text\": \"Kingsley's Meadow is a Christian children's direct-to-video series that ran from 1999 to 2003. The series was about a teenage lion named Kingsley who, with his friends, learn the virtues and values of the Bible. The series also featured live-action footage of children reenacting stories from the Bible. The series was created by Tony Salerno. Production In 1998, alongside Angel Wings, American Bible Society paid about $1.6 million to Sony Music Entertainment in order to distribute the series. The Biblical passages and songs used in the series were based on the Contemporary English Version, which was previously published by the American Bible Society themselves. Characters Kingsley - a teenage lion who tells his Meadow friends the stories his father taught him when he was younger. He serves as the host of the series. Aaron - a hedgehog who is honest and does whatever his mother tells him to. Birdtha - a songbird who loves to sing and gossip. Bryron - an elephant who delivers packages for the \\\"Pachyderm Postal Service\\\" (PPS). Monk - a chipmunk who serves as the best friend of Kingsley. Singing Flowers - the three flowers who appear in the series. Episodes Season 1 (1999–2001) Hang in There! - The Story of Ruth: Goodness and The Story of Elisha: Perseverance (July 1, 1999) Wise Guy - The Story of David and Solomon: Attentiveness and The Story of Naaman: Self-Control (July 1, 1999) Munch, Munch, Where's My Lunch? - The Story of Hannah: Thankfulness and The Story of Moses: Patience (July 1, 1999) Funny Money - The Story of Daniel: Contentment and The Story of Jonah: Obedience (July 1, 1999) 1-2-3, Count on Me - The Story of Joseph: Forgiveness and The Story of Abraham: Responsibility (June 26, 2000) Just the Facts, Mac - The Story of Samuel: Truthfulness and The Story of David and Saul: Respect (June 26, 2000) Eager Beaver - The Story of Joshua: Diligence and The Story of Jacob: Honesty (January 15, 2001) Season 2 (2002–2003) Flash! Boom! Bam! - The Story of Esther: Courage and The Story of Jonathan and David: Friendship (February 11, 2002) Heart of Gold - The Story of Noah: Dependability and The Story of Abraham and Lot: Generosity (March 18, 2002) The Golden Trust Award - The Story of Gideon: Cautiousness and The Story of Caleb: Trustworthiness (September 26, 2002) Spread a Little Kindness - The Story of Rahab: Kindness and The Story of Nehemiah: Industriousness (September 26, 2002) Share the Love - The Story of Elijah: Sharing and The Story of Nebuchadnezzar: Love (February 10, 2003) Faithful Friends are Forever - The Story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego: Faithfulness and The Story of Solomon: Wisdom (February 10, 2003) Voice cast Ray Massa as Kingsley the Lion Reception The series was given a positive review by The Dove Foundation, stating that the show \\\"promises a fun and enjoyable time for your child as they learn the moral values taught in each story\\\". References Christian children's television series Direct-to-video television\",\n \"title\": \"Kingsley's Meadow\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"29438248\",\n \"text\": \"Julia Evelina Smith (27 May 1792 – 6 March 1886) was an American women's suffrage activist who was the first woman to translate the Bible from its original languages into English. She was also the author of the book Abby Smith and Her Cows, which told the story of her and her sister Abby Hadassah Smith's tax resistance struggle in the suffrage cause while the two were living at Kimberly Mansion in Connecticut. Biography Smith was born into a large family of women, the Smiths of Glastonbury, who were active in championing women's education, abolition, and women's suffrage. The family as a whole was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994. She was the fourth of five daughters of Hannah Hadassah (Hickok) Smith (1767–1850) and Zephaniah Smith, a prosperous Nonconformist clergyman turned farmer in Glastonbury, Connecticut. She was educated at the Troy Female Seminary. Smith married late in life. At the age of 87, she wed Amos Parker of New Hampshire, a widower. Publications Bible translation Smith was well educated, with a working knowledge of Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Having read the Bible in its original languages, she decided to undertake her own translation, with an emphasis on literalism. After eight years of work, she completed the translation in 1855, but it did not see print for another two decades. Smith's The Holy Bible: Containing the Old and New Testaments; Translated Literally from the Original Tongues was finally published in 1876. Although Smith's determined literalism made for choppy reading, hers was the only contemporary English translation from the original languages available to English-speaking readers until publication of the British Revised Version beginning in 1881. It was also the first complete Bible translation by a woman. Abby Smith and Her Cows In 1872, the town of Glastonbury attempted to raise taxes on the two surviving Smith sisters, Julia and Abby, as well as on two other widows in town. The sisters refused to pay the taxes on the grounds that they had no right to vote in town meetings, arguing that the tax levy amounted to the same kind of unfair taxation without representation that had helped to spark the American Revolution. Spearheaded by the youngest sister, Abby, the sisters’ revolt was picked up first by a Massachusetts newspaper, The Republican, and soon spread to newspapers across the country. The case was complicated by corruption and malfeasance on the part of the town's tax collector, who not only illegally seized the sisters's land but had made a secret deal to sell some of the best acreage to a covetous neighbor. The sisters ultimately took the town to court and won their case. Subsequently, Smith detailed the entire dispute in an 1877 book entitled Abby Smith and Her Cows that includes clippings from many of the newspapers that had covered the story. References Further reading 1792 births 1886 deaths 19th-century translators 19th-century American women writers 19th-century American writers American tax resisters American women's rights activists People from Glastonbury, Connecticut\",\n \"title\": \"Julia Evelina Smith\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15491901\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Macklin (1752/53 – 25 October 1800) was a British printseller and picture dealer. He commissioned many noted painters and engravers for his \\\"Poets Gallery\\\" project and his illustrated folio Bible project. Life Macklin was born in 1752 or 1753 and his father may have been the Reverend Garrard Macklin of the Kingdom of Ireland. Macklin married Hannah Kenting in 1777 and started a printselling business in London in 1779. His first year, his sold 7,000 copies of a print of Rear Admiral Richard Kempenfelt. In 1781, he inherited £20,000, which he used to speculate in the print market. Macklin is most famous for his Poet's Gallery, a project he announced on 1 January 1787. He planned to commission 100 paintings illustrating famous English poems, which he would publish monthly as engravings between 1790 and 1795. He also held an annual exhibition in Pall Mall, like John Boydell and his Shakespeare Gallery. However, the war with France cut into his profits, as prints could not be traded across the channel, and his partner, Edward Rogers, died. The project produced paintings by Joshua Reynolds, Henry Fuseli, Thomas Gainsborough, John Opie, Angelica Kauffman, Thomas Stothard, and Francis Wheatley. Francesco Bartolozzi engraved many of the prints. Just two years after beginning the Poet's Gallery, Macklin undertook to publish an illustrated folio Bible in multiple volumes to promote \\\"'the glory of the English school' of painting and engraving and 'the interest of our HOLY RELIGION'\\\". A new typeface and a new kind of paper were designed for the work. The finished Bible had 70 engraved plates, 16 of which were by Philippe Jacques de Louthenbourg. Many of the same artists who were participating in the Poet's Gallery worked on the Bible project. 703 people signed the subscription list, including George III. Macklin's Bible project was expensive to produce: he paid Reynolds £500 for his Holy Family, for example, and the total cost was estimated at £30,000. To realize this project, he was forced to sell some of the paintings from the Poet's Gallery by lottery in 1797. Macklin died on 25 October 1800, just five days after the last large engraving was finished for the Bible. The vignettes were not finished until six weeks later. According to the Dictionary of National Biography, \\\"[t]he Macklin Bible endures as the most ambitious edition produced in Britain, often pirated but never rivalled.\\\" Macklin's influence was felt in the world of the arts not only as a publisher but also as a patron. The Dictionary of National Biography records that he may have spent as much as £300,000 as a patron of the arts. Gallery Notes References Bentley, G. E., Jr. \\\"Thomas Macklin\\\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004. Retrieved on 29 January 2008. 1750s births 1800 deaths British publishers (people) Art dealers from London\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas Macklin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1141317\",\n \"text\": \"William Tuke (24 March 1732 – 6 December 1822), an English tradesman, philanthropist and Quaker, earned fame for promoting more humane custody and care for people with mental disorders, using what he called gentler methods that came to be known as moral treatment. He played a big part in founding The Retreat at Lamel Hill, York, for treating mental-health needs. He and his wife Esther Maud backed strict adherence to Quaker principles. He was an abolitionist, a patron of the Bible Society, and an opponent of the East India Company's inhumane practices. Early life William Tuke was born on 24 March 1732 in York into a prominent Quaker family. His father Samuel was a stuff-weaver and shopkeeper, who died when Tuke was 16. His mother Ann died seven years later. Tuke attended boarding school for two or three years, after which he pursued further studies under clergymen. At age 14, he began an apprenticeship at his aunt's wholesale tea business, which he inherited on her death in 1746. Family life Tuke married Elizabeth Hoyland in 1754 and fathered four children. After Elizabeth died giving birth to their fifth child, Tuke met and married Esther Maud in 1765. Tuke and his wife were deeply involved in the Friends community and advocated stricter adherence to Quaker principles. For five decades, he travelled to London for the Yearly Meeting, serving as clerk there in 1783. Meanwhile, Tuke remained involved in the family business alongside his eldest son and business partner, Henry. Ann Tuke, his daughter by Esther Maud, married William Alexander of the prominent Ipswich Quaker banking family. The Retreat In 1791, William Tuke was moved by an incident involving Hannah Mills, a melancholic Quaker widow, who died unexpectedly at York Lunatic Asylum. Although her cause of death was unclear, mistreatment was suspected and the managers had forbidden Mills from having visitors. Tuke's daughter Ann proposed founding a mental institution run by Quakers for their own members. At a Society of Friends meeting in March 1792, Tuke presented a plan for those who \\\"laboured under that most afflictive dispensation — the loss of reason.\\\" However, the proposal met with significant opposition. Some members felt such a move was unnecessary, while others saw it as overstepping the jurisdiction of a Quaker community. The small minority of supporters included Tuke's son, Henry, and the grammarian Lindley Murray. During a visit to St. Luke's Hospital in London, Tuke witnessed appalling conditions for patients. He was particularly affected by a naked female patient who had been chained to a wall. Tuke believed the abuse was not cruel in intent, but marked a lack of effective alternatives. By 1795, financial and social support from the community was still limited. The Society of Friends eventually approved the plan when Tuke's friend, Lindley Murray, suggested raising funds through annuities. Tuke bought 11 acres of land (4.5 ha) for £938 and worked closely with a London architect, John Bevans, to carry out his vision for the new asylum. Unlike other institutions\",\n \"title\": \"William Tuke\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1715618\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Morrison, FRS (5 January 1782 – 1 August 1834), was an Anglo-Scottish Protestant missionary to Portuguese Macao, Qing-era Guangdong, and Dutch Malacca, who was also a pioneering sinologist, lexicographer, and translator considered the \\\"Father of Anglo-Chinese Literature\\\". Morrison, a Presbyterian preacher, is most notable for his work in China. After twenty-five years of work he translated the whole Bible into the Chinese language and baptized ten Chinese believers, including Cai Gao, Liang Fa, and Wat Ngong. Morrison pioneered the translation of the Bible into Chinese and planned for the distribution of the Scriptures as broadly as possible, unlike the previous Roman Catholic translation work that had never been published. Morrison cooperated with such contemporary missionaries as Walter Henry Medhurst and William Milne (the printers), Samuel Dyer (Hudson Taylor's father-in-law), Karl Gützlaff (the Prussian linguist), and Peter Parker (China's first medical missionary). He served for 27 years in China with one furlough home to England. The only missionary efforts in China were restricted to Guangzhou (Canton) and Macau at this time. They concentrated on literature distribution among members of the merchant class, gained a few converts, and laid the foundations for more educational and medical work that would significantly impact the culture and history of the most populous nation on earth. However, when Morrison was asked shortly after his arrival in China if he expected to have any spiritual impact on the Chinese, he answered, \\\"No sir, but I expect God will!\\\" Life Early life Morrison was born on 5 January 1782 in Bullers Green, near Morpeth, Northumberland, England. He was the son of James Morrison, a Scottish farm labourer and Hannah Nicholson, an English woman, who were both active members of the Church of Scotland. They were married in 1768. Robert was the youngest son of eight children. At age three, Robert and his family moved to Newcastle where his father found more prosperous work in the shoe trade. Robert's parents were devout Christians and raised their children to know the Bible and the Westminster Shorter Catechism according to Presbyterian ideals. At the age of 12 he recited the entire 119th Psalm (176 verses long) from memory in front of his pastor without a single mistake. John Wesley was still alive and many foreign mission agencies were being formed during this period of the Evangelical Revival. In 1796, young Robert Morrison followed his uncle James Nicholson into apprenticeship and later joined the Presbyterian church in 1798. By age 14 Robert left school and was apprenticed to his father's business. For a couple of years he kept company in disregard of his Christian upbringing and fell occasionally into drunkenness. However, this behavior soon ended. In Robert's own words When Morrison was at work at his father's business he was employed at manual labour for twelve or fourteen hours a day; yet he seldom omitted to find time for one or two hours of reading and meditation. He read and re-read frequently those few books he was able to obtain. The\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Morrison (missionary)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"70371872\",\n \"text\": \"Cushing Prince (October 28, 1745 – January 8, 1827) was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the District of Maine. His former home, at today's 189 Greely Road in Yarmouth, Maine, is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1785. Life and career Prince was born on October 28, 1745, in North Yarmouth, Province of Massachusetts Bay (now in Maine), two years after the marriage of Paul Prince and Hannah Cushing. His father (for whom Yarmouth's Princes Point Road is named) compiled a bible, known as the Paul Prince Bible, containing the record of births of his children. It was printed in Edinburgh in 1791. Their other nine children were Sarah (born 1744), Rachel (1747), Hannah (1749), Ruth (1751), David (1753), Else (1756), Paul (1758), Pyam (1760) and Ammi (1763). On August 30, 1773, he married Hannach Blanchard, daughter of Nathaniel and Bethiah, with whom he had three children: Cushing Jr., Polly and Olive. In 1785, Prince had built a home at today's 189 Greely Road in Yarmouth. It is now on the National Register of Historic Places. Prince was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the District of Maine, along with fellow North Yarmouth residents Ammi Ruhamah Mitchell and Edward Russell. Death Prince died on January 8, 1827, aged 81. He is interred in Yarmouth's Old Baptist Cemetery alongside his wife, who survived him by eighteen years. References People from North Yarmouth, Maine 1745 births 1827 deaths Maine local politicians 18th-century American politicians 19th-century American politicians\",\n \"title\": \"Cushing Prince\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"39251349\",\n \"text\": \"Samuel Bradhurst Schieffelin (February 24, 1811 – September 13, 1900), was an American businessman and author. Early life Schieffelin was born on February 24, 1811, in New York City. He was the son of Henry Hamilton Schieffelin (1783–1865), named in honor of Governor Henry Hamilton for whom his father Jacob, who was a Loyalist who served as secretary for during the American Revolutionary War, and Maria Theresa Bradhurst (1786–1872), who married in 1806. Among his siblings was brother Bradhurst Schieffelin (1824–1909), who entered politics and supported the People's Party. His paternal grandparents were Jacob Schieffelin (1757–1835) and Hannah Lawrence Schieffelin (1758–1838), she a descendant of Elizabeth Fones and Quaker religious freedom pioneer John Bowne. His maternal grandfather was Dr. Samuel Bradhurst (d. 1872) The Schieffelin family was one of the oldest families in Manhattan. Career He was educated in private schools, and early turned his attention to business, but contributed largely to the religious press. After his father retired from business in 1849, he and his brothers managed the family drug company that their father had founded, Schieffelin Brothers & Co., where Samuel was the president, until 1865, when his son, William, succeeded him. Following his own retirement, he focused on his literature, writing The Foundations of History and other books, most of which were religious. Personal life In 1835, Schieffelin was married to Lucretia Hazard (1816–1899). Together, they were the parents of three children: William Henry Schieffelin (1836–1895), who married Mary B. Jay (1846–1916), daughter of John Jay, the U.S. Minister to Austria-Hungary, and great-granddaughter John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States Alice Holmes Schieffelin (1838–1913), who married Russell Stebbins (1835–1894). Mary Theresa Bradhurst Schieffelin (1840–1910), who married Brig. Gen. Charles Cleveland Dodge (1841–1910), who served in the American Civil War and was the son of Congressman William Earle Dodge. Schieffelin died at his home, 938 Madison Avenue, on September 13, 1900, in New York. Descendants Through his son William, he was the grandfather of Eleanor Jay Schiefflin (1864–1929), who married Theodore Munger Taft (1865–1945), and Dr. William Jay Schieffelin (1866–1955), who married Maria Louise Shepard (1870–1948), the daughter of Elliot Fitch Shepard and Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt, and granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt. Through his daughter Alice, he was the grandfather of Grace Stebbins (1860–1908), who married Alfred Clark Chapin (1848–1936), former Mayor of Brooklyn, Samuel Schieffelin Stebbins (1872–1912), a stockbroker, and Russell Hazard Schieffelin (1874–1892). The Chapin's daughter, Samuel's great-granddaughter, Grace Chapin (1885–1960), was married to Hamilton Fish III (1888–1991), member of the U.S. House of Representatives. Works His works include: Message to Ruling Elders, their Office and their Duties (New York, 1859); The Foundations of History: a Series of First Things (1863); Milk for Babes: a Bible Catechism (1874); Children's Bread: a Bible Catechism (1874); Words to Christian Teachers (1877); Music in our Churches (1881); The Church in Ephesus and the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches (1884); People's Hymn-Book (Philadelphia, 1887). References Notes Sources American male writers 1811 births 1900 deaths Winthrop family Schieffelin family\",\n \"title\": \"Samuel Schieffelin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16722960\",\n \"text\": \"Priscilla Shirer (born December 31, 1974) is an American author, motivational speaker, actress, and Christian media personality, and evangelist. Her father is Dallas mega-church pastor Tony Evans and her brothers are motivational speaker and chaplain Jonathan Evans and musician Anthony Evans. Biography The daughter of Tony Evans, senior pastor of Oak Cliff Bible Fellowship Church in Dallas, Texas, Priscilla grew up well acquainted with the Bible. As a freshman at the University of Houston, she interned with a Christian radio station. Soon listeners were calling the station, inviting Priscilla to speak at their Bible study groups and other events. Soon she was invited to lead a weekly Bible study at the Zig Ziglar Corporation and then to join its speaker team. Priscilla has worked as an independent contractor for CBS and hosted a local television show, but recently she has focused solely on Christian ministry opportunities. She calls Anne Graham Lotz, daughter of evangelist Rev. Billy Graham, her mentor in ministry. Together the Shirers established Going Beyond Ministries, a speaking bureau featuring Priscilla. The parents of three young boys, the Shirers share ministry and family responsibilities. While Priscilla continues to minister full-time, Jerry manages his schedule and other business aspects of Going Beyond Ministries. Priscilla speaks around the world at churches and other events, including the LifeWay Christian Resources-sponsored Going Beyond conference and Deeper Still: The Event, where she shares the stage with Beth Moore and Kay Arthur. She has also authored several books. Shirer graduated from Duncanville High School and Dallas Theological Seminary, earning a master's degree from the latter in Biblical Studies. In 1993, Shirer was a freshman at the University of Houston. Shirer was married in 1999 to Jerry Shirer, former Hilton Hotels executive. The couple has three sons. In 2013, Shirer was a speaker at the 2013 Women of Faith conference. In 2015, Shirer made her film debut in the Kendrick Brothers film War Room. In October 2016, Shirer was recognized as one of four prominent women of faith during the 10th anniversary of God's Leading Ladies Life Enrichment Program at The Potter's House. Shirer also featured at the 47th GMA Dove Awards. Bibliography \\\"Fervent; A Woman's Battle Plan for Serious, Specific and Strategic Prayer\\\", He Speaks to Me: Preparing to Hear from God, Discerning the Voice of God: How to Recognize When God Speaks, And We Are Changed: Encounters with a Transforming God, A Jewel in His Crown: Rediscovering Your Value as a Woman of Excellence, The Resolution for Women, Filmography War Room (2015), as Elizabeth Jordan I Can Only Imagine (2018), as Mrs. Fincher, Bart Millard's teacher Overcomer (2019), as Principal Olivia Brooks, mentor to Hannah Scott References External links Get to Know Priscilla https://www.goingbeyond.com/ 1974 births Living people 20th-century African-American people 20th-century African-American women 20th-century evangelicals 21st-century African-American people 21st-century African-American women 21st-century American actresses 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American women writers 21st-century evangelicals African-American actresses African-American Christians African-American women writers American Evangelical writers American film actresses American religious writers American women\",\n \"title\": \"Priscilla Shirer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"71548078\",\n \"text\": \"Paul Prince (May 14, 1720 – November 25, 1809) was a patriot in the American Revolutionary War. Princes Point Road in Yarmouth, Maine, is now named for him. Life and career Prince was born in Duxbury, Province of Massachusetts Bay, in 1720, a second son to shipwright Benjamin Prince and Abial Nelson. While Princes Point Road in Yarmouth, Maine, is named for Paul, Princes Point itself is named for his father, who died, aged 44, when Paul was seventeen years old; his mother died when he was twenty-four. He married Hannah Cushing (1722–1814) in 1743. The couple had ten children, including Cushing Prince in 1745. The other nine were Sarah (born 1744), Rachel (1747), Hannah (1749), Ruth (1751), David (1753), Else (1756), Paul Jr. (1758), Pyam (1760) and Ammi (1763). Prince compiled a book, known as the Paul Prince Bible, containing the record of births of his children. It was printed in Edinburgh in 1791. Between 1775 and 1779, both Paul Sr. and Paul Jr. are listed as serving in the Cumberland County Regiment during the Revolutionary War. Death Prince died in North Yarmouth, Massachusetts (now in Maine), in 1809, aged 89. He is interred in Congregational Cemetery in Cumberland Center, Maine, beside his wife, who survived him by just over four years. References 1720 births 1809 deaths People from North Yarmouth, Maine American diarists People of Massachusetts in the American Revolution Patriots in the American Revolution People of Maine in the American Revolution People from pre-statehood Maine\",\n \"title\": \"Paul Prince (patriot)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13864315\",\n \"text\": \"The Sons of the San Joaquin is an American Western family band. Jack and Joe Hannah are brothers, while third member Lon Hannah is Joe's son. They began performing together in 1987 at a birthday party for Lon's grandfather. They have been credited with \\\"rich durability of the traditional Western music they present, as well as the outstanding original cowboy songs\\\" and being reminiscent of the Sons of the Pioneers. Roy Rogers called them \\\"the only singing group alive who I feel sound like the original Sons of the Pioneers.\\\" They have over a dozen albums, including a gospel album and a greatest hits album. They were inducted into the Western Music Association Hall of Fame in 2006. Several of their albums have been given awards by the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum (Cowboy Hall of Fame). Personnel Jack Hannah – Vocals, Rhythm & Lead Guitar. Jack Hannah is the younger brother of Joe Hannah and the paternal uncle of Lon Hannah. Jack pitched for the Milwaukee Braves farm system and then became a high school counselor and coach (he was named Baseball Coach of the Year for the Western Region United States in 1980.) He was inducted into the Fresno Athletic Hall of Fame in 1998. A professional songwriter, Jack shared in the Sons of the San Joaquin Round Up Newsletter (vol 9, no 1, 2005) that he struggled through grade and high school and if he had been \\\"born today\\\" would have been diagnosed with ADD. \\\"I wrote songs. I have written scores of songs that will never see the light of day because I write them for no other purpose than that they are just there, a consequence of reading.\\\" Stressing the importance of reading the Young at Heart CD, was written with the purpose of creating in the minds of children a passion for learning, and a desire to read. \\\"I start the day reading the Book of Books, the Bible. I am not trying to sound pious. I'm telling you this is to underscore how important reading special books is to me. To try to understand the Divine and to grasp the lessons of history are my passions and most of my songs flow from these sources.\\\" Jack has written for a critically acclaimed children's series \\\"Red, Rite & Recite which is a series of books, CD's and videos that feature Dusty Trails (Dr. Gary Sells.) Jack has repeated won Songwriter of the Year awards from the Western Music Association and was the recipient of the Wrangler Award from the National Cowboy Hall of Fame. Jack Hannah passed away in 2022. Joe Hannah – Vocals & Bass. According to the Sons of the San Joaquin Round Up Newsletter (vol 1, no 3, 1997), in high school, Joe was courted by the Yankees and Dodgers and received major college scholarship offers from USC, UCLA and other schools. In 1950, he signed with the Cubs and started playing for their class A Visalia, California team. When\",\n \"title\": \"Sons of the San Joaquin\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Elkanah"],"string":"[\n \"Elkanah\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":52,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_55309"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"where was the opening scene of saving private ryan"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2649286","text":"\"The Ghost of You\" is the fourth and final single and sixth track from My Chemical Romance's second studio album, Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge. \"The Ghost of You\" was released to radio on September 27, 2005. The song deals with the fear of loss. The song's title is an allusion to an ad from Watchmen, reading \"Oh, how the ghost of you clings\". The ad itself was an allusion to the song, \"These Foolish Things\". The song's lyrics deal with losing a loved one. Music video The music video was shot over two days in Malibu, California, and cost just over US $1,000,000 to make. Marc Webb directed the video. In an interview with Fuse, My Chemical Romance said \"We shot a movie and just edited it to be a video. It's like if you put 'Helena' and 'I'm Not Okay (I Promise)' together to make one long music video, it still would top that.\" It closely parallels the Omaha invasion scene from the movie Saving Private Ryan. Most of the video takes place at a USO dance where the band is performing, but, often switches over to a D-Day scene, in which the band members play as United States soldiers in fierce combat. (At the dance, one soldier's uniform bears the 101st Airborne Division \"Screamin' Eagles\" patch, however the 101st Airborne Division was not involved in beach landings, but were parachuted behind enemy lines on D-Day, suggesting that several units were present at the ball. 1st Infantry Division, and Ninth Air Force patches can also be seen.) Ranger lozenge patch can be seen on one shoulder, as well as the orange diamond on the back of one Soldier's helmet indicating the 2nd Ranger Battalion. The video takes an emotional turn when bassist Mikey Way is shot and killed by Axis fire despite the medic's (played by Ray Toro) attempts to save him, adding emphasis to the aspects of loss in the song. This is foreshadowed in a bar scene where vocalist Gerard Way, his brother, appears to be reassuring him that he will be alright, and that there is no reason to be afraid. He is seen wearing a 1st Infantry Division patch in the video. Mikey \"dies\" with his eyes open. Gerard is restrained by his squadmates/band members as he sees his brother die, and is seen screaming (although there is no sound other than the song) as he tries to run to him. The 1st Infantry Division, the \"Big Red One\", were among the first wave on Omaha Beach, June 6, 1944. In Life on the Murder Scene, Ray is told to talk to Mikey to look like he is trying to save him. Obligingly, he shouts \"Mikey! You're dead! [How do you feel!?]\" Track listing All songs written by My Chemical Romance. US promotional CD UK promotional CD UK 7\" vinyl UK CD1 UK CD2 iTunes EP Charts Release history References Rock ballads 2000s ballads 2004 songs 2005 singles My Chemical Romance songs Music videos","title":"The Ghost of You"},{"docid":"5846064","text":"Curracloe () is a village in County Wexford, Ireland. Around northeast of Wexford town, it is on the R742 road at the junction with the R743 road. It is linked to the long and sandy Curracloe Strand (beach) to the east. Curracloe sees an influx of holiday travellers every summer, who stay in bed & breakfast inns, mobile homes and caravan parks. Beach Ballinesker Beach and Curracloe Strand, Ballinesker, were used for the filming of the D-Day sequence in Saving Private Ryan, due to similarity to Omaha Beach in Normandy. Filming began 27 June 1997, and lasted for two months. The village of Curracloe lacked three-phase electricity but when the film company decided to film there, it was connected. Curracloe Strand was also used for the Irish beach scene in the movie Brooklyn. See also List of towns and villages in Ireland References Towns and villages in County Wexford Beaches of County Wexford","title":"Curracloe"},{"docid":"5054555","text":"Major General Charles Draper William Canham (January 26, 1901 – August 21, 1963) was the commander of the 29th Infantry Division's 116th Infantry Regiment, which landed on Omaha Beach in Normandy, France, on D-Day, June 6, 1944. Biography Charles D. W. Canham was born in Kola, Mississippi, on January 26, 1901. He joined the Army on May 23, 1919. In 1921, as a sergeant, Canham took a course in the Army's first preparatory school to allow soldiers from the ranks to attend the United States Military Academy. He was chosen, and graduated from West Point in 1926. Prior to World War II, he served in the Philippines and Shanghai and was one of the purchasers of the Shanghai Bowl. During these years he acquired a reputation as a strict disciplinarian and superb leader of troops. World War II In 1942, as a colonel, he took command of the 116th Infantry Regiment shortly before it sailed for England. Canham's 116th Infantry, alongside the 1st Infantry Division's 16th Infantry Regiment, was chosen as the first to land at Omaha beach on D-Day. The opening scene of the movie Saving Private Ryan depicts the conditions under which Canham's regiment landed on the Dog Green (A Co)/White (G Co)/Red (F Co) sectors of Omaha Beach along with one company of Army Rangers. Shortly after hitting the beach, Canham was shot through the wrist, refusing evacuation, he moved his men off Omaha and inland. Sergeant Bob Slaughter (D Company, 116th) remembers Canham screaming at soldiers to move off the beach and go kill Germans. Slaughter remembers him yelling at one lieutenant hiding in a pillbox from a German mortar barrage, \"Get your ass out of there and show some leadership!\". Don McCarthy (Headquarters Company, 116th) remembers seeing Canham walking upright along the beach in the face of enemy fire, \"I got the hell out of there and moved forward. I was more afraid of Colonel Canham than I was of the Germans.\" For his actions on Omaha Beach, and the fighting to take Saint Lô, he received the United States' second highest award for valor in combat, the Distinguished Service Cross. Soon afterwards Canham was promoted to Brigadier General and was named as the Assistant Division Commander of the 8th Infantry Division. It was in this capacity during the surrender of the German garrison at the Port of Brest (see Battle for Brest) that Canham spoke the words that would become the 8th Infantry Division's motto. Upon entering the headquarters of General der Fallschirmtruppe (a three-star rank) Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke, a leader of German paratroops, Ramcke demanded to know the lower ranking Canham's credentials as a condition of surrender. Unruffled, Canham pointed to the dirty and tired American soldiers he had brought with him to witness the surrender and said, \"These are my credentials.\" The account of this event, which was reported in The New York Times, saw in this spontaneous statement of a combat leader the greatest tribute ever paid to the real power of","title":"Charles D. W. Canham"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2649286\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Ghost of You\\\" is the fourth and final single and sixth track from My Chemical Romance's second studio album, Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge. \\\"The Ghost of You\\\" was released to radio on September 27, 2005. The song deals with the fear of loss. The song's title is an allusion to an ad from Watchmen, reading \\\"Oh, how the ghost of you clings\\\". The ad itself was an allusion to the song, \\\"These Foolish Things\\\". The song's lyrics deal with losing a loved one. Music video The music video was shot over two days in Malibu, California, and cost just over US $1,000,000 to make. Marc Webb directed the video. In an interview with Fuse, My Chemical Romance said \\\"We shot a movie and just edited it to be a video. It's like if you put 'Helena' and 'I'm Not Okay (I Promise)' together to make one long music video, it still would top that.\\\" It closely parallels the Omaha invasion scene from the movie Saving Private Ryan. Most of the video takes place at a USO dance where the band is performing, but, often switches over to a D-Day scene, in which the band members play as United States soldiers in fierce combat. (At the dance, one soldier's uniform bears the 101st Airborne Division \\\"Screamin' Eagles\\\" patch, however the 101st Airborne Division was not involved in beach landings, but were parachuted behind enemy lines on D-Day, suggesting that several units were present at the ball. 1st Infantry Division, and Ninth Air Force patches can also be seen.) Ranger lozenge patch can be seen on one shoulder, as well as the orange diamond on the back of one Soldier's helmet indicating the 2nd Ranger Battalion. The video takes an emotional turn when bassist Mikey Way is shot and killed by Axis fire despite the medic's (played by Ray Toro) attempts to save him, adding emphasis to the aspects of loss in the song. This is foreshadowed in a bar scene where vocalist Gerard Way, his brother, appears to be reassuring him that he will be alright, and that there is no reason to be afraid. He is seen wearing a 1st Infantry Division patch in the video. Mikey \\\"dies\\\" with his eyes open. Gerard is restrained by his squadmates/band members as he sees his brother die, and is seen screaming (although there is no sound other than the song) as he tries to run to him. The 1st Infantry Division, the \\\"Big Red One\\\", were among the first wave on Omaha Beach, June 6, 1944. In Life on the Murder Scene, Ray is told to talk to Mikey to look like he is trying to save him. Obligingly, he shouts \\\"Mikey! You're dead! [How do you feel!?]\\\" Track listing All songs written by My Chemical Romance. US promotional CD UK promotional CD UK 7\\\" vinyl UK CD1 UK CD2 iTunes EP Charts Release history References Rock ballads 2000s ballads 2004 songs 2005 singles My Chemical Romance songs Music videos\",\n \"title\": \"The Ghost of You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5846064\",\n \"text\": \"Curracloe () is a village in County Wexford, Ireland. Around northeast of Wexford town, it is on the R742 road at the junction with the R743 road. It is linked to the long and sandy Curracloe Strand (beach) to the east. Curracloe sees an influx of holiday travellers every summer, who stay in bed & breakfast inns, mobile homes and caravan parks. Beach Ballinesker Beach and Curracloe Strand, Ballinesker, were used for the filming of the D-Day sequence in Saving Private Ryan, due to similarity to Omaha Beach in Normandy. Filming began 27 June 1997, and lasted for two months. The village of Curracloe lacked three-phase electricity but when the film company decided to film there, it was connected. Curracloe Strand was also used for the Irish beach scene in the movie Brooklyn. See also List of towns and villages in Ireland References Towns and villages in County Wexford Beaches of County Wexford\",\n \"title\": \"Curracloe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5054555\",\n \"text\": \"Major General Charles Draper William Canham (January 26, 1901 – August 21, 1963) was the commander of the 29th Infantry Division's 116th Infantry Regiment, which landed on Omaha Beach in Normandy, France, on D-Day, June 6, 1944. Biography Charles D. W. Canham was born in Kola, Mississippi, on January 26, 1901. He joined the Army on May 23, 1919. In 1921, as a sergeant, Canham took a course in the Army's first preparatory school to allow soldiers from the ranks to attend the United States Military Academy. He was chosen, and graduated from West Point in 1926. Prior to World War II, he served in the Philippines and Shanghai and was one of the purchasers of the Shanghai Bowl. During these years he acquired a reputation as a strict disciplinarian and superb leader of troops. World War II In 1942, as a colonel, he took command of the 116th Infantry Regiment shortly before it sailed for England. Canham's 116th Infantry, alongside the 1st Infantry Division's 16th Infantry Regiment, was chosen as the first to land at Omaha beach on D-Day. The opening scene of the movie Saving Private Ryan depicts the conditions under which Canham's regiment landed on the Dog Green (A Co)/White (G Co)/Red (F Co) sectors of Omaha Beach along with one company of Army Rangers. Shortly after hitting the beach, Canham was shot through the wrist, refusing evacuation, he moved his men off Omaha and inland. Sergeant Bob Slaughter (D Company, 116th) remembers Canham screaming at soldiers to move off the beach and go kill Germans. Slaughter remembers him yelling at one lieutenant hiding in a pillbox from a German mortar barrage, \\\"Get your ass out of there and show some leadership!\\\". Don McCarthy (Headquarters Company, 116th) remembers seeing Canham walking upright along the beach in the face of enemy fire, \\\"I got the hell out of there and moved forward. I was more afraid of Colonel Canham than I was of the Germans.\\\" For his actions on Omaha Beach, and the fighting to take Saint Lô, he received the United States' second highest award for valor in combat, the Distinguished Service Cross. Soon afterwards Canham was promoted to Brigadier General and was named as the Assistant Division Commander of the 8th Infantry Division. It was in this capacity during the surrender of the German garrison at the Port of Brest (see Battle for Brest) that Canham spoke the words that would become the 8th Infantry Division's motto. Upon entering the headquarters of General der Fallschirmtruppe (a three-star rank) Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke, a leader of German paratroops, Ramcke demanded to know the lower ranking Canham's credentials as a condition of surrender. Unruffled, Canham pointed to the dirty and tired American soldiers he had brought with him to witness the surrender and said, \\\"These are my credentials.\\\" The account of this event, which was reported in The New York Times, saw in this spontaneous statement of a combat leader the greatest tribute ever paid to the real power of\",\n \"title\": \"Charles D. W. Canham\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3839622","text":"Dylan Bruno (born September 6, 1972) is an American actor and former model. His first major film role was a supporting part in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan (1998), followed by a lead role in the horror film The Rage: Carrie 2 (1999). On television, Bruno portrayed FBI agent Colby Granger in Numbers and disgraced former Army Ranger Jason Paul Dean in NCIS. Early life Bruno was born September 6, 1972, in Milford, Connecticut, to actor Scott Bruno and the late Nancy (née Mendillo) Bruno. His older brother is film and television actor, director and producer Chris Bruno. Growing up, the brothers lived in Milford with their mother and spent time with their father on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. Both brothers graduated from Hamden Hall Country Day School, a private college prep school in Hamden CT. In 1994, Bruno earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Engineering from MIT, where he played varsity football as a linebacker. \"When I got into MIT, I just decided it was an opportunity I didn't want to turn down,\" he said. \"I actually found out that I had the second-lowest SAT scores at MIT. The guy with the lowest score and I would always hang out together and be like, 'Yeah, we're the second-to-last and last dumbest guy in the school.'\" Upon graduating, Bruno worked for a robotics company before deciding to pursue a career in acting. Career In 1995, while working as a model for Calvin Klein, Bruno made his television acting debut on the NBC series High Sierra Search and Rescue. He made his film debut in Naked Ambition (1997). In 1998, he had small roles in Saving Private Ryan and When Trumpets Fade and competed in and won a special episode of American Gladiators (1989–96). He co-starred in The Rage: Carrie 2 (1999), Where the Heart Is (2000), Going Greek (2001). He portrayed an L.A.P.D. cop in The One (2001), a rock musician in The Simian Line (2001), and Harry \"Blaine\" Mayhugh, Jr., in The Pennsylvania Miners' Story (2002). He also appeared in The Anarchists -Cookbook (2002). Bruno had a five-year run as \"Colby Granger\" on the hit TV show, Numbers from 2005 to 2010. In May 2010, he joined NCIS for three episodes, playing a disgraced U.S. Army Ranger who worked for a Mexican drug cartel; in the Season 7 finale, his character died in a gunfight. Bruno has done voice-over work for several products such as Bacardi Silver, Coors Light, Chevrolet, Jeep, Virtual Boy, and Sony Handycam. In addition to his voice-over work, Bruno is the current narrator of the Discovery Channel program Rides. Personal life Bruno is married and has three sons. He is an avid spearfisher. Filmography Film Television References External links Sampling of Dylan's voice-over work 1972 births American male film actors American male sport wrestlers American male television actors American male voice actors Male actors from Connecticut Living people MIT School of Engineering alumni People from Milford, Connecticut 20th-century American male actors","title":"Dylan Bruno"},{"docid":"10394520","text":"No Time for Love is a 1943 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Mitchell Leisen and starring Claudette Colbert and Fred MacMurray. Written by Claude Binyon, Robert Lees, and Frederic I. Rinaldo, the film is about a sophisticated female photographer assigned to photograph the tough \"sandhog\" construction workers at a tunnel project site. After saving one of the sandhogs from a fatal accident, she becomes attracted to this cocky well-built man they call Superman. Unsettled by her feelings, she hires the man as her assistant, believing that her attraction to him will diminish if she spends time with him. Their time together, however, leads to feelings of love, and she struggles to overcome her haughtiness and make her true feelings known. No Time for Love was the fourth of seven films starring Colbert and MacMurray, both of whom had previously worked with director Mitchell Leisen. The film was shot at Paramount Studios from June 8 to July 24, 1942. A special set was constructed for the tunnel scenes, based on blueprints for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. A special mix of adobe and water was used to produce the mud in the climactic scenes. No Time for Love was released by Paramount Pictures on November 10, 1943, in New York City. The film received good reviews in Variety and the New York Times, whose reviewer called it a \"delightful comedy\" and \"a thoroughly ingratiating film\". The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction–Interior Decoration, Black-and-White (Hans Dreier, Robert Usher, Samuel M. Comer). Plot Mirror magazine's top photographer Katherine Grant (Claudette Colbert) is assigned to photograph the Interborough Vehicular River Tunnel project in New York City. Wearing a hardhat and boots, the beautiful photographer is taken underground to the construction site where she is not greeted warmly by the superstitious tunnel workers, called \"sandhogs\", who believe that women in the tunnel bring bad luck. When she sneaks closer to the drilling point to get a better view, her presence distracts some of the workers and causes an accident that nearly kills Jim Ryan (Fred MacMurray), the cocky well-built sandhog they call \"Superman\". When she sees the unconscious Ryan about to be crushed by a machine, she drags him to safety. Later in the compression chamber, a revived Ryan gets into a fistfight with his co-workers after they taunt him about being saved by a woman. During the brawl, Katherine photographs Ryan as he's beating up the other sandhogs. On their way out of the tunnel, Ryan notices that Katherine is flirting with him and tells her he's not interested. Insulted by the brush off, she informs him that she has a boudoir chair with more integrity than he has. Back at home, Katherine shows her photographs to her sister Hoppy (Ilka Chase) and their snobbish sophisticated friends—her effete suitor and Mirror publisher Henry Fulton (Paul McGrath), playwright Dunbar (Morton Lowry), and composer Roger Winant (Richard Haydn)—who make fun of the brawling \"ape\". Just then, Ryan arrives at","title":"No Time for Love (1943 film)"},{"docid":"5047792","text":"The 4th Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards, given in January 1999, honored the best filmmaking of 1998. The organization, founded in 1990, includes 49 film critics for print, radio, television, and internet publications based in north Texas. Winners Best Picture: Saving Private Ryan Best Director: Steven Spielberg - Saving Private Ryan References External links Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association official website 1998 1998 film awards","title":"Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 1998"},{"docid":"3740508","text":"64th New York Film Critics Circle Awards January 10, 1999 Best Picture: Saving Private Ryan The 64th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in film for 1998, were announced on 16 December 1998 and given on 10 January 1999. Winners Best Actor: Nick Nolte - Affliction Runners-up: Ian McKellen - Gods and Monsters and Brendan Gleeson - The General Best Actress: Cameron Diaz - There's Something About Mary Runners-up: Fernanda Montenegro - Central Station (Central do Brasil) and Renée Zellweger - One True Thing and A Price Above Rubies Best Cinematography: John Toll - The Thin Red Line Best Director: Terrence Malick - The Thin Red Line Runners-up: Steven Spielberg - Saving Private Ryan and Paul Schrader - Affliction Best Film: Saving Private Ryan Runners-up: Affliction and Happiness Best First Film: Richard Kwietniowski - Love and Death on Long Island Runners-up: Don Roos - The Opposite of Sex and Vincent Gallo - Buffalo '66 Best Foreign Language Film: The Celebration (Festen) • Denmark/Sweden Runners-up: Central Station (Central do Brasil) • Brazil/France and Taste of Cherry (Ta'm e guilass) • Iran Best Non-Fiction Film: The Farm: Angola, USA Runner-up: The Cruise Best Screenplay: Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard - Shakespeare in Love Runners-up: Todd Solondz - Happiness and Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson - Rushmore Best Supporting Actor: Bill Murray - Rushmore Runner-up: Dylan Baker - Happiness Best Supporting Actress: Lisa Kudrow - The Opposite of Sex Runner-up: Judi Dench - Shakespeare in Love Special Award: Rick Schmidlin - Touch of Evil (for the reworked version) References External links 1998 Awards 1998 New York Film Critics Circle Awards 1988 in American cinema New York 1998 in New York City","title":"1998 New York Film Critics Circle Awards"},{"docid":"16062188","text":"Gary Levinsohn is an American film producer. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, along with Steven Spielberg, Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon for the film Saving Private Ryan. He is the co-owner of Mutual Film Company. Filmography He was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted. Film Television Awards and nominations In 1999, Gary Levinsohn, along with Steven Spielberg, Ian Bryce and Mark Gordon, was nominated for Academy Award and BAFTA Film Award for Saving Private Ryan, for the category of Best Picture and Best Film respectively. Saving Private Ryan won him Best Drama Picture at 1999 Online Film & Television Association Film Award and 2nd place in Best Motion Picture at Awards Circuit Community Awards. Levinsohn, along with Mark Gordon, Allison Lyon Segan and John Roberts, won BAFTA Children's Award for the film Paulie in the same year. In 2016, Levinsohn, along with Michael Worth, Kassi Crews and Dennis Ho, won an Award of Merit Special Mention at the Accolade Competition for the film Broken Memories. References External links American film producers Living people 1959 births","title":"Gary Levinsohn"},{"docid":"1945359","text":"Final Destination 3 is a 2006 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wong. A standalone sequel to Final Destination 2 (2003), it is the third installment in the Final Destination film series. Wong and Glen Morgan, who worked on the franchise's first film, wrote the screenplay. Final Destination 3 stars Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Ryan Merriman, and takes place years after the first film. Winstead plays Wendy Christensen, a high school graduate who has a premonition that a roller coaster she and her classmates are riding will derail. Although she saves some of them, Death begins hunting the survivors. Wendy realizes photographs she took at the amusement park contain clues about her classmates' deaths. With survivor and friend Kevin Fischer (Merriman), Wendy tries to use this knowledge to save the rest of the survivors and ruin Death's scheme. The film's development began shortly after the release of Final Destination 2; Jeffrey Reddick, creator of the franchise and a co-writer of the first two films, did not return for the third one. Unlike the second film, which was a direct sequel to the first, the producers envisioned Final Destination 3 as a stand-alone film. The idea of featuring a roller coaster derailment as the opening-scene disaster came from New Line Cinema executive Richard Bryant. From the beginning, Wong and Morgan saw control as a major theme in the film. Casting began in March 2005 and concluded in April. Like the previous two installments, it was filmed in Vancouver, Canada. The first two weeks of the three-month shoot were spent filming the scenes involving the rollercoaster derailing. Following its premiere at Grauman's Chinese Theatre on February 2, 2006, the film was released in cinemas in the United States on February 10, 2006. The DVD, released on July 25, 2006, includes commentaries, documentaries, a deleted scene and an animated video. A special-edition DVD called \"Thrill Ride Edition\" includes a feature called \"Choose Their Fate\", which acts as an interactive film, allowing viewers to make decisions at specific points in the film that alter the course of the story. Final Destination 3 received a mixed critical response. The film was a financial success and, with box office receipts of nearly $118 million, the highest-grossing installment in the franchise at the time. A fourth film, The Final Destination, was released in August 2009. Plot In 2005, high school student Wendy Christensen visits an amusement park in Pennsylvania with her boyfriend Jason Wise, her best friend Carrie Dreyer, Carrie's boyfriend Kevin Fischer, and their classmates to celebrate their graduation. As they board the Devil's Flight roller coaster, Wendy has a premonition that a camcorder, dropped by one of her friends during the ride, will land on the ride's tracks and will be run over by the train cars, causing the hydraulics securing the restraints and train cars to fail during the ride, killing everyone on board. She convinces nine people including Kevin, best friends Ashley Freund and Ashlyn Halperin, alumnus Frankie Cheeks, athlete Lewis Romero,","title":"Final Destination 3"},{"docid":"70253160","text":"\"Help, My Teenager Hates Me!\" is the fifth episode of the twenty-fifth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 316th episode overall of the series, it premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on March 9, 2022. This episode features the boys having to learn to deal with the angst and frustration of teenagers, as the boys want to play Airsoft and find teenagers are their only willing participants. Plot Fourth grader Kyle Broflovski begs his father Gerald to allow him to purchase an Airsoft gun so he can play with his friends Stan Marsh, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick. Gerald is warned by the Airsoft store employee that mostly teenagers play this game. At the Airsoft field, the teenagers there complain that playing against fourth graders would be too easy, so the field manager splits the teams into two groups, each one consisting of two teens paired with two fourth graders. The younger boys enjoy the game, but after returning home, the mother of Kyle's teenage partner, Trevor, drops him off at Kyle's house, stating, \"He said he's your teenager now.\" Kyle's friends are also assigned to take care of their teenage partners, who are moody like Trevor. The fourth graders are ill-equipped to deal with this, and it hampers the next partnered Airsoft game. Following advice from the book Help, My Teenager Hates Me!, Kyle suggests taking their teenagers camping, though the teens' feelings of alienation continue. Kyle tells Gerald that he no longer wants to play Airsoft because of the teens. Gerald suggests that the children instead play with him and the other fathers, Randy Marsh and Stuart McCormick. At the Airsoft range, the children and the teens challenge one another to one last battle, with the losing team agreeing to never play at the Airsoft range again. As the bet is made, the fathers arrive along with Jimbo Kern. During the game, Randy places a jar of marijuana in the field to lure the teens out into the open. As the teens approach it, Randy throws an airsoft grenade at them, knocking them all out at once. As the boys and the adults head toward Eric's home for a victory meal, Randy, brandishing his rifle, asks the other men if he should \"take them out now\", but Gerald stops him, saying that they still have a few more years before the children \"turn into monsters\". Reception Dan Caffrey with The A.V. Club gave the episode a \"C+\", calling it \"frustratingly one-note\" and stating in his review that \"The problem is, the nonstop apathy and frustration of the teenagers becomes boring to watch. While [Trey] Parker and [Matt] Stone are undoubtedly commenting on the real-life challenges that can come with raising an adolescent—the selfishness, the lethargy, the irritability—the flatlined demeanor feels out of place on a show like South Park.\" He also noted that the final Airsoft battle scene featured \"jerky camera movements reminiscent of gritty war films like Saving Private Ryan, Black","title":"Help, My Teenager Hates Me!"},{"docid":"26131809","text":"19th London Film Critics Circle Awards 4 March 1999 Film of the Year: Saving Private Ryan British Film of the Year: Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels The 19th London Film Critics Circle Awards, honouring the best in film for 1998, were announced by the London Film Critics Circle on 4 March 1999. Winners and nominees Film of the Year Saving Private Ryan Boogie Nights The Ice Storm Titanic The Truman Show British Film of the Year Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels The Butcher Boy Elizabeth The General My Name Is Joe Foreign Language Film of the Year Shall We Dance? • Japan Funny Games • Austria Director of the Year Peter Weir – The Truman Show James Cameron – Titanic Michael Haneke – Funny Games Ang Lee – The Ice Storm Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan British Director of the Year John Boorman – The General Ken Loach – My Name Is Joe Screenwriter of the Year Andrew Niccol – The Truman Show and Gattaca Joel and Ethan Coen – The Big Lebowski Matt Damon and Ben Affleck – Good Will Hunting James Schamus – The Ice Storm Neil LaBute – In the Company of Men British Screenwriter of the Year Guy Ritchie – Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels Neil Jordan and Patrick McCabe – The Butcher Boy John Boorman – The General Paul Laverty – My Name Is Joe Hossein Amini – The Wings of the Dove Actor of the Year Jack Nicholson – As Good as It Gets Matt Damon – Good Will Hunting, The Rainmaker and Saving Private Ryan Robert Duvall – The Apostle Tom Hanks – Saving Private Ryan Kevin Kline – The Ice Storm and In & Out Actress of the Year Cate Blanchett – Elizabeth Joan Allen – The Ice Storm Pam Grier – Jackie Brown Helen Hunt – As Good as It Gets Gwyneth Paltrow – Sliding Doors, Great Expectations and A Perfect Murder British Actor of the Year Brendan Gleeson – The General John Hurt – Love and Death on Long Island Derek Jacobi – Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon Peter Mullan – My Name Is Joe Bill Nighy – Still Crazy British Actress of the Year Helena Bonham Carter – The Wings of the Dove Julie Christie – Afterglow Minnie Driver – The Governess Louise Goodall – My Name Is Joe Kristin Scott Thomas – The Horse Whisperer Kate Winslet – Titanic Catherine Zeta-Jones – The Mask of Zorro British Supporting Actor of the Year Nigel Hawthorne – The Object of My Affection Daniel Craig – Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon Christopher Eccleston – Elizabeth Joseph Fiennes – Elizabeth Anthony Hopkins – The Mask of Zorro, Amistad and The Edge Vinnie Jones – Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels Adrian Lester – Primary Colors Rufus Sewell – Martha, Meet Frank, Daniel and Laurence British Supporting Actress of the Year Kate Beckinsale – The Last Days","title":"London Film Critics Circle Awards 1998"},{"docid":"1009315","text":"Fanfare for the Common Man is a musical work by the American composer Aaron Copland. It was written in 1942 for the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra under conductor Eugene Goossens and was inspired in part by a speech made earlier that year by then American Vice President Henry A. Wallace, in which Wallace proclaimed the dawning of the \"Century of the Common Man\". Several alternative versions have been made and fragments of the work have appeared in many subsequent US and British cultural productions, such as in the musical scores of movies. Instrumentation This fanfare is written for the following instruments: four horns (in F) three trumpets (in B) three trombones tuba timpani bass drum tam-tam Fanfare Copland, in his autobiography, wrote of the request: \"Eugene Goossens, conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, had written to me at the end of August about an idea he wanted to put into action for the 1942–43 concert season. During World War I he had asked British composers for a fanfare to begin each orchestral concert. It had been so successful that he thought to repeat the procedure in World War II with American composers\". A total of 10 fanfares were written at Goossens' behest, but Copland's is the only one which remains in the standard repertoire. It was written in response to the US entry into World War II and was inspired in part by a famous 1942 speech where vice president Henry A. Wallace proclaimed the dawning of the \"Century of the Common Man\". Goossens had suggested titles such as Fanfare for Soldiers, or sailors or airmen, and he wrote that \"[i]t is my idea to make these fanfares stirring and significant contributions to the war effort....\" Copland considered several titles including Fanfare for a Solemn Ceremony and Fanfare for Four Freedoms; to Goossens' surprise, however, Copland titled the piece Fanfare for the Common Man. Goossens wrote, \"Its title is as original as its music, and I think it is so telling that it deserves a special occasion for its performance. If it is agreeable to you, we will premiere it 12 March 1943 at income tax time\". Copland's reply was \"I [am] all for honoring the common man at income tax time\". Copland later used the fanfare as the main theme of the fourth movement of his Third Symphony (composed between 1944 and 1946). In television and other media The Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL have used it as part of a pre-game video introduction of the team before it takes to the ice since moving into the United Center in 1994. Several feature films employ the piece for dramatic effect. John Williams' main themes for the 1978 Superman film are partially based on the fanfare and his original score for Saving Private Ryan draws heavily on its soundworld (though Copland's piece is not actually heard in either movie). In The Patriot, which Williams scored, the music of the final scene before the credits may be a nod to Copland's work.","title":"Fanfare for the Common Man"},{"docid":"70400848","text":"Janusz Kamiński is a Polish cinematographer known for his work in film and television. Kamiński is most known for his collaborations with director Steven Spielberg. Their partnership first started in 1993 with the holocaust drama Schindler's List for which Kamiński received his first Academy Award for Best Cinematography. He won his second for Spielberg's World War II drama Saving Private Ryan (1998). He has also received Academy Award nominations for Amistad (1997), War Horse (2011), Lincoln (2012), and West Side Story (2021). He has received five British Academy Film Award nominations for Best Cinematography winning for Schindler's List (1993). He also has received five nominations from the American Society of Cinematographers for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography. He did receive a special prize for his Cinematography for Julian Schnabel's The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007), as well as an Academy Award, César Award, and ASC Award nomination. Major associations Academy Awards British Academy Film Awards American Society of Cinematographers Industry awards American Film Institute (AFI) Awards 2002: A.I. Artificial Intelligence (won) 2010: Franklin J. Schaffner Award (won) British Society of Cinematographers Award For Best Cinematography: 1993: Schindler's List (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (nomination) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (nomination) 2015: Bridge of Spies (nomination) Camerimage 1998: Saving Private Ryan − Golden Frog (nominated) 2002: Atlas Award (won) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly − Golden Frog (won) Cannes Film Festival 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly − Vulcan Prize for the Technical Artist (won) César Award for Best Cinematography 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (nomination) Hollywood Film Awards 2002: Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography 2015: Bridge of Spies (won) Independent Spirit Awards Best Cinematography: 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (won) Palm Springs International Film Festival 2000: Da Vinci's Cinematographer's Award (won) Satellite Award for Best Cinematography 1997: Amistad (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (nomination) 2002: Minority Report (nomination) 2005: Munich (nomination) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (won) 2011: War Horse (won) 2012: Lincoln (nomination) 2015: Bridge of Spies (nomination) Stockholm International Film Festival 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (won) Critics awards Alliance of Women Film Journalists 2002: A.I. Artificial Intelligence - Cinematographer of the Year (won) Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Cinematography 1993: Schindler's List (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (won) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (won) Broadcast Film Critics Association 2011: War Horse (won) - Critics Choice Award for Best Cinematography 2012: Lincoln (nomination) - Critics Choice Award for Best Cinematography 2021: West Side Story (nomination) - Critics Choice Award for Best Cinematography Chicago Film Critics Association BEst Cinematography: 1993: Schindler's List (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (nomination) 2001: A.I. Artificial Intelligence (nomination) 2002: Minority Report (nomination) 2005: Munich (nomination) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (nomination) 2011: War Horse (nomination) 2012: Lincoln (nomination) Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Best Cinematography: 1993: Schindler's List (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (won) Florida Film Critics Circle Best Cinematography: 1998: Saving Private Ryan (won)","title":"List of awards and nominations received by Janusz Kamiński"},{"docid":"60678071","text":"Blood & Truth is a first-person shooter developed by London Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It was released on May 28, 2019 for the PlayStation 4's virtual reality headset PlayStation VR. Gameplay The game is a first-person shooter. The player assumes control of Ryan Marks, a former Special Forces soldier who must save his family from a London crime boss. Players can hide behind cover and pick up different guns to shoot enemies. To move in the game, players only need to look at a spot and press a button. The playable character will then automatically move to the spot. Players can also interact with different objects. Plot The game begins with Ryan Marks being interrogated by an agent named Carson, who explains his current situation. During the interrogation, flashbacks show the events that happened up until the interrogation. Ryan infiltrates a compound and rescues fellow soldier, Deacon and both escape the compound before Ryan is informed that his father had died from a heart attack. Ryan is sent back home in London and is picked up by his brother Nick from the airport. After the funeral, Ryan meets with his mother Anne, but then they are interrupted by gunfire, the family is then confronted by Tony Sharp, a London crime boss, Kayla, a woman who supposedly works for Tony and kills one of Anne's bodyguards and Tony's brother Keach. The family is held at gunpoint by Keach, including Ryan's sister, Michelle, but Keach is fooled by Nick into thinking that the gun's safety is on. At this moment, Michelle and Nick takedown Keach and knock him out, the family then flees to their hidden safe house. The family then discovers that Tony will be at his private casino and Ryan volunteers to infiltrate the casino and kill Tony, although Anne is reluctant to the plan. Ryan successfully infiltrates the casino but discovers that Tony is not in the building and is at his art gallery, but Keach still remains and tracks him down to a hotel room. After rigging the casino with bombs, Ryan confronts Keach and chases him through the building. Once he stops Keach, Ryan questions him on where Tony is, but Keach doesn't know where he is. Keach is either killed by Ryan or is suddenly killed by an armored guard and Ryan is able to escape and blow up the casino with the bombs he had rigged. Ryan disguises himself and enters the art gallery during the day and discovers a private room that might contain information. Ryan and Nick then sneak into the gallery at night and vandalize most of the exhibits. The brothers are also able to find documents that all link back to Falstead Airfield. After returning to the safe house, Tony calls the brothers along with Michelle to inform them that he has captured Anne and has held her in Freeson Towers, a building that is due for demolition. The siblings work together to rescue Anne and Ryan is","title":"Blood & Truth"},{"docid":"3659962","text":"2nd TFCA Awards December 16, 1998 Best Film: Saving Private Ryan The 2nd Toronto Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 1998, were held on 16 December 1998. Winners Best Actor: Ian McKellen - Gods and Monsters Runners-Up: Robert Duvall – The Apostle and Tom Hanks – Saving Private Ryan Best Actress: Cate Blanchett - Elizabeth Runners-Up: Christina Ricci – The Opposite of Sex and Pascale Bussières – August 32nd on Earth Best Canadian Film: Last Night Runners-Up: Nô and The Red Violin Best Director: Steven Spielberg - Saving Private Ryan Runners-Up: Todd Solondz – Happiness and Steven Soderbergh – Out of Sight Best Film: Saving Private Ryan Runners-Up: Happiness and The Celebration Clyde Gilmour Award: Gerald Pratley References 1998 1998 film awards 1998 in Toronto 1998 in Canadian cinema","title":"Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 1998"},{"docid":"38682123","text":"Grahame Wood (born 1970) is a British–American actor born in Toronto Canada. His career has kept him busy in L.A., London, Toronto, and Vancouver. He is best known for his performance in the Roland Emmerich epic, The Patriot, and continues to forge a career out of playing the layered bad guy. Commenting on his death scene in Saving Private Ryan, Steven Spielberg proclaimed, \"That was better than the opening credits of ER!\" Film/Television Grahame was trained at Britain's oldest drama school, LAMDA. As well as The Patriot and Saving Private Ryan Grahame was in the Emmy Award nominated movie, 4 Minutes, Grahame portrayed celebrated runner, Sir Christopher Chataway. He played the role of ‘Gordon’ on the ABC Family series, Falcon Beach, and has guest-starred on numerous television series. Grahame has spent the past two decades working in the film and television industries of the U.S., Canada and UK – playing both Americans and Brits – as well as writing and producing.... Grahame was executive producer of the rock doc, Saturday Night at Morley Gibson's. He produced and wrote The Angel Chronicles, in development with Insight Productions and CTV from 2008 to 2011. He is currently in development on the cop drama, Moon Rising, with Devilishly Good Productions in L.A. Novels Grahame's DARKLY STEWART novel series of dark thrillers about RCMP Constable, Darkly Stewart, is currently out to production companies for television adaptation consideration. Negotiation on a print publisher for the novels is currently underway. Links to film and television credits Notes 1970 births Living people British male film actors Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art Canadian male film actors Canadian male television actors British male television actors","title":"Grahame Wood"},{"docid":"12091298","text":"Blackwater () is a rural village in County Wexford, Ireland. It lies mostly within the townland of Ballynaglogh () on the R742 regional road north of Wexford town. Transport Michael Gray operates a route linking the village with Wexford Mondays to Fridays inclusive Bus Éireann route 379 serves the village on Mondays and Saturdays only linking it to Wexford, Gorey and intermediate locations such as Courtown Harbour. Amenities The village has three pubs, Corrigan's, the Blackwater Lodge (which is also a hotel), and Whelan's. It also has a video arcade, a number of supermarkets, a large second-hand furniture store, and a clothes alterations shop. In the 10 years between the 2006 and 2016 census, the population of the village increased from 173 to 339 people. Blackwater has competed in \"category B\" (places with populations of between 201 and 1000 people) in the national Tidy Towns competition. Blackwater is close to Ballyconnigar beach, a site with one of the highest levels of erosion in the area, due to tidal forces. The stretch of beach from Ballyconnigar to Ballynaclash is used for bathing, walking and fishing. Species of fish encountered around this area include bullhuss, smoothhound, tope, bass, ray, codling, eels, and flounder. Other nearby beaches include Curracloe strand and Ballinesker beach, where the opening scene of the film \"Saving Private Ryan\" was filmed. Blackwater also has a mobile-home holiday park called 'Abhainn Dubh Mobile home and Leisure Park' which has been open since 1993. Sports The local GAA team is St. Brigid's Blackwater, established in 1885. The hurling team play in the Wexford Intermediate Hurling Championship. The Gaelic football team won the 2009 Wexford Junior Championship. Blackwater has a par 3 golf course which is located outside of the village between Blackwater and Kilmuckridge. The golf course itself was opened in July 1993 although Blackwater Golf Society had its first outing in 1991. Blackwater Golf Course also has a FootGolf course. In popular culture Blackwater served as a setting of Mary Kay Tuberty's 2015 novel Keeper of Coin. Notable people Michael Cash, stonemason Colm Tóibín, writer, holidayed here as a child and has a holiday home nearby. See also List of towns and villages in Ireland References External links Blackwater GAA Blackwater Beach fishing info Towns and villages in County Wexford","title":"Blackwater, County Wexford"},{"docid":"20962501","text":"Pete Boone, Private Eye is an Australian crime comedy television series created and produced by David Murdoch. The show originally aired on Channel 31, before moving to Aurora on Foxtel. It tells the story of Pete Boone, \"Australia’s worst detective\" who never correctly solves a case. The series is set in a fictional version West Pennant Hills, called \"West Pennant Falls\". It currently stars Will Seaman as Pete Boone: he is the sixth actor to lead as the titular character. The show has a cult status, and the 1001st televised episode aired on Aurora on 14 December 2014. Pre-Television Pete Boone (Peter Warner) first appeared in \"The Rick Ford Files\" series in 1980. In 1988, Boone was spun off into a short film that won the Australian Amateur Cine Society International Film Festival award for Best Video. In 1990, Boone was played by Peter Book in a short film which was later remade for TV. Episodes Season 1 (2002) The 1st season premiered on Channel 31 on 12 August 2002. Jamie McNeil (executive producer) and Strawberry James (director) cast Peter John Attwood as Boone after meeting him in a bar. Boone investigates murders, but inspector Gravel (Mark Pereira) suspects Boone is the serial killer. Dirk Lombarde (Peter Warner) is introduced as Pete’s rival. A series of flashbacks show Boone’s troubled childhood lead him to become a detective. Season 2 (2007) In 2005, the show was moved to Aurora (Foxtel). In 2007, David Murdoch took over directing. The 2nd season premiered on 5 July 2007. Constable O'Flynn (Peter Murkins) forces Gravel to partner with Pete Boone (Peter Love) to solve another series of murders. This season introduces behind the scenes, messages to the fans, and Christmas episodes. Season 3 (2009) The 3rd season premiered on 5 July 2009. Pete Boone and inspector Gravel save the town from zombies, corporate demolition, and a new serial killer. Season 4 (2010) The 4th season premiered on 8 August 2010. This season featured two episodes filmed by the Sydney Science Revue. Boone searches for treasure. Gravel frames and imprisons Boone, who is vindicated with the assistance of Dirk Lombarde. The season ends on a documentary celebrating 30 years of Boone. Season 5 (2013) The 5th season premiered on 14 April 2013. This season was produced by fans, and featured the new animated opening. Gravel is sent back to 1980. After returning to the present, he thwarts a terrorist plot with Boone (Ciaran Magee). The season concludes with Policeman One and Two (James Colley, Felix Marsh-Wakefield) writing their own version of Boone’s origin story. Season 6 (2014) The 6th season premiered on 13 December 2013. Tim Anderson and Ryan O'Malley cameoed as Pete Boone. Boone's office has been left in the hands of a serial killer, Simon (Simon Walker). Simon impersonates Boone as a cover. The Metre send their best agent, Clint Pettifrock (Atlas Adams) to investigate. Simon repeatedly foils Clint Pettifrock. The Metre sends Catherine Marble (Susan Grace Roach) to take over. Season 7 (2016)","title":"Pete Boone, Private Eye"},{"docid":"1447885","text":"Multi-Facial is a 1995 American short drama film written, directed, produced, and scored by Vin Diesel, who also stars as a multiracial actor facing various professional and emotional issues. The film is notable for essentially launching Diesel's career as it was noticed by Steven Spielberg, who then watched Diesel's film Strays, which prompted him to give Diesel his first big break by writing a small role specifically for him in Saving Private Ryan (1998). Plot Mike, a struggling actor with a tattooed arm, auditions for an Italian-American role. He delivers an explicit anecdote in a New York Italian accent about getting into a fight with another man in a restaurant for looking at his girlfriend, discovering the man was gay and thus directing his rage at his own girlfriend, beating her up, and feeling surprised that she doesn't call him anymore. The casting director expresses interest and has Mike speak Italian before telling him they'll get back to him. When the director asks Mike where the monologue came from, he says it is a true story that happened to a friend. Mike later calls his manager and complains about the monologue, which was not a true story, saying it was offensive and worrying that it will keep him from getting the role. He wipes the fake tattoo off his arm and goes to his next audition. Mike meets a black actor in the waiting room of an audition for a commercial, and tells him about the audition he just left, again complaining that he thought his monologue was offensive. The actor tells Mike he has just landed a role in an international commercial, but Mike says he refuses to do commercials because no great actors ever did them. Before he can audition, the director tells Mike that his skin is \"a little too light\" and not to bother auditioning. He suggests Mike audition for a Spanish role in a soap opera instead. Mike goes to another audition and reads with a Cuban accent alongside a Hispanic actress. The two of them are portraying an argument, but when the actress launches into Spanish, Mike is unable to continue. As they leave the audition, the actress calls out Mike for pretending to speak Spanish but still suggests that he try out for a soap opera which is looking for Hispanic actors; Mike says he refuses to do soap operas because no great actors ever did them. He attends another audition, where his scene partner tells him that she really thinks he could do well. Mike does the reading with her in a heavy urban accent, but the casting directors cut the audition short because they are looking for more of a \"Wesley type\". Mike moves on to another audition, where they are expecting him from a previous audition. The casting director sees on Mike's résumé that he can rap, prompting Mike to launch into a hip-hop routine. He then sits down and delivers a monologue about being a young man watching his","title":"Multi-Facial"},{"docid":"444322","text":"Goodness Gracious Me is a BBC sketch comedy show originally aired on BBC Radio 4 from 1996 to 1998 and later televised on BBC Two from 1998 to 2001. The ensemble cast were four British Indian actors, Sanjeev Bhaskar, Kulvinder Ghir, Meera Syal and Nina Wadia. The show explored British Asian culture, and the conflict and integration between traditional Indian culture and modern British life. Some sketches reversed the roles to view the British from an Indian perspective, and others poked fun at Indian and Asian stereotypes. In the television series, most of the white characters were played by Dave Lamb and Fiona Allen; in the radio series those parts were played by the cast themselves. Some of the white characters were also played by Amanda Holden and Emma Kennedy. The show's title and theme tune is a bhangra rearrangement of the comedy song of the same name, originally performed by Peter Sellers (portraying an Indian doctor, Ahmed el Kabir) and Sophia Loren, reprising their characters from the 1960 film, The Millionairess. Sellers sang the 1960s song in a stereotypical \"cod-Indian\" accent. (In her 1996 novel Anita and Me, Syal had referred to British parodies of south Asian speech as \"a goodness-gracious-me accent\".) The cast casually drop Punjabi and Hindi slang phrases into their speech, in the manner of many British Asians living in the UK. The Radio Show won Gold at the Sony Radio Academy Awards in 1997. The TV show won Best Entertainment at the Broadcasting Press Guild Award and the Team Award from the Royal Television Society, UK in 1999. In March 2014, the BBC announced that the show would return with a special episode as part of celebrations of fifty years of BBC Two. An India special was broadcast on BBC Two on 25 August 2015. Parodies and references in the show The Six Million Rupee Man – parodies The Six Million Dollar Man. I Know Him Too Well – parodies the song \"I Know Him So Well\". Skipinder: The Punjabi Kangaroo – parodies Skippy the Bush Kangaroo. I'm a Punjabi Girl... – parodies Aqua's \"Barbie Girl\" song. Hindi People – parodies Pulp's \"Common People\". Club Nirvana – parodies Wham!'s \"Club Tropicana\". The Marriage Emporium – pays homage to Monty Python's Cheese Shop sketch and \"Dead Parrot sketch\". Fawlty Turrets – pays homage to Fawlty Towers. The Delhi Tubbies – fictional Asian equivalent of Teletubbies. They Were The Blacked-Up Men – parodies Men in Black. The Bhandari Bunch – parodies The Brady Bunch opening sequence. Channa's Angels – parodies Charlie's Angels Arranged Shag – parodies the arranged marriage Not Saving Private Narayan – parodies Saving Private Ryan Other parodies are based on shows such as Animal Hospital (where members of lower castes take the place of the pets) and Rough Guides (where tourists from India visit and make unpleasant remarks about the United Kingdom). Going for an English One of the best known sketches featured the cast \"going out for an English\" after a few lassis.","title":"Goodness Gracious Me (TV series)"},{"docid":"14000289","text":"Golden Trailer Awards1 7th Annual (2006) Best Action: Mission: Impossible III Best Horror: The Exorcism of Emily Rose Summer 2006 Blockbuster: Mission: Impossible III Best of Show: Mission: Impossible III Nominations: 10 trailers 6th Annual (2005) Best Action: War of the Worlds Best Horror: The Amityville Horror Summer 2005 Blockbuster: War of the Worlds Nominations: 9 trailers 5th Annual (2004) Best Horror/Thriller: Dawn of the Dead Nominations: 3 trailers 4th Annual (2003) Best Romance: Secretary * Trashiest: The Rules of Attraction * Nominations: 4 trailers The Hollywood Reporter Key Art Awards2 36th Annual (2007) First Place: Action/Adventure TV Spots: X-Men: The Last Stand First Place: Animation A/V (Trailers & TV Spots): Cars First Place: Horror Trailer: The Hills Have Eyes First Place: International Poster: Paris je t'aime Nominations: 12 35th Annual (2006) nominations and winners not known at this time 34th Annual (2005) nominations and winners not known at this time 33rd Annual (2004) Best of Show Audiovisual: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Action Adventure Trailers The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ** Action Adventure TV Spots The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ** Comedy TV Spots Bringing Down The House ** Internet Advertising Lost in Translation * ** Home Entertainment Consumer TV Spots The Lion King, Special Edition * ** 32nd Annual (2003) nominations and winners not known at this time 31st Annual (2002) First Place: Comedy Trailer Not Another Teen Movie * 29th Annual (2000) Second Place: Comedy Poster Stuart Little * 28th Annual (1999) Best of Show Audio-Visual: Saving Private Ryan * First Place: Drama Trailer Saving Private Ryan * First Place: Teaser Trailer Godzilla * Second Place: Home Video Trailer The Mask of Zorro * Third Place: Teaser Trailer Saving Private Ryan * Third Place: Drama TV Spot Apt Pupil * 27th Annual (1998) Honorable Mention: Teaser Absolute Power * 26th Annual (1997) First Place: Drama TV Spot Jerry Maguire * First Place: Drama Trailer Jerry Maguire * 23rd Annual (1994) Second Place: Action/Adventure TV Spot In the Line of Fire * Third Place: Action/Adventure Trailer In the Line of Fire * Honorable Mention: Action/Adventure Trailer Wolf * 22nd Annual (1993) First Place: Drama TV Spot Bram Stoker's Dracula * Second Place: Action/Adventure TV Spot Stephen King's Sleepwalkers * Third Place: Drama TV Spot Bram Stoker's Dracula * 21st Annual (1992) Second Place: Drama TV Spot The Prince of Tides * PROMAX & BDA Awards3 Home Entertainment 2006 Awards nominations and winners not known at this time Home Entertainment 2005 Awards PROMAX - Promotion and Marketing Categories Gold Award: Movie Campaign Spider-Man 2 * Gold Award: Television Series Campaign Friends Season 7 * Gold Award: Print Ad - Consumer The Aviator * Gold Award: Poster - Promotion Scooby Doo 2 * Gold Award: Print Campaign - Consumer The Last Samurai (U.S.) * Gold Award: Print Campaign - Consumer The Last Samurai (Japan) * Gold Award: Action/Adventure Trailer Spider-Man 2 * Gold Award: In-Store Display Promotion Scooby Doo 2 Merchandiser * Gold Award: New Media Mulan Special Edition DVD Website * Gold","title":"Trailer Park Awards"},{"docid":"2182062","text":"The Tasty Sandwich Shop, often called \"The Tasty\", was a restaurant that operated from 1916 to 1997 near the intersection of JFK Street and Brattle Street, at the center of Harvard Square, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was housed in the Read Block building, on the site of the home of colonial poet Anne Bradstreet. The Tasty closed in 1997, after 81 years in business. Its location was later used by the chain stores Abercrombie & Fitch, then Citizens Bank and, , a CVS Pharmacy. Description The Tasty was a tiny one-room diner and lunch counter, its customer area no more than seven feet wide and thirty feet deep, with a narrow counter made of yellow linoleum. A Harvard Business School student once deemed it \"the most profitable restaurant in New England per sq ft\", at . The Tasty had 14 stools. On busy nights it would be crammed with around 70 people (from actual head counts) at a time. On these nights between 300 and 400 burgers were served between the hours of midnight and 4:00 AM. A large map, studded with pins, covered the back wall of the diner and claimed to pinpoint the origins of postcards from customers over the years. In keeping with the informal atmosphere of the diner — where the cooks, including Tom Sweet, who managed The Tasty on the graveyard shift until the summer of 1976, and chef Charlie Coney — were sometimes compared to bartenders and frequently chatted with customers. Customers By the end of its existence, The Tasty had attracted both long-time residents and, by virtue both of its proximity to Harvard Yard and its late opening hours, numerous students from Harvard University, and had become one of the few places where students and residents, and residents from different social and economic classes, mixed informally. According to one historian, \"you could sit next to a professor on your left, and a homeless person on your right\". Media references The Tasty was often referred to in the press as a \"local landmark\" or \"institution\", and was immortalized in film during a scene in Good Will Hunting. The scene was shot there on May 23, 1997. It was also used in a scene during Love Story, 1970 movie from Erich Segal's story of a privileged Harvard Law School student (Ryan O'Neal) and his working-class girlfriend (Ali MacGraw). It is also the subject of Federico Muchnik's 2005 documentary, Touching History. Closure Despite a struggle by its owner Peter Haddad, the Tasty's tenancy ended in November 1997. A sign in its window during the move-out stated its lifespan: \"81 years. 29,565 days. 5,913,000 people. 422,357 per stool.\" Its landlord, the Cambridge Savings Bank, took advantage of the increasing attractiveness of the Harvard Square neighborhood to chain store franchises, which enabled the bank to charge significantly higher rents to tenants who provided greater security. Opposition to the end of the Tasty's tenancy was voiced by a number of groups, including the Harvard Square Defense Fund and brothers","title":"Tasty Sandwich Shop"},{"docid":"3416964","text":"The 4th Critics' Choice Movie Awards were presented on January 25, 1999, honoring the finest achievements of 1998 filmmaking. Top 10 films (in alphabetical order) Elizabeth Gods and Monsters Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella) Out of Sight Pleasantville Saving Private Ryan Shakespeare in Love A Simple Plan The Thin Red Line The Truman Show Winners Best Actor: Ian McKellen – Gods and Monsters and Apt Pupil Best Actress: Cate Blanchett – Elizabeth Best Animated Feature: A Bug's Life / The Prince of Egypt (TIE) Best Child Performer: Ian Michael Smith – Simon Birch Best Director: Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Best Family Film: A Bug's Life Best Feature Documentary: Wild Man Blues Best Foreign Language Film: Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella) • Italy Best Picture: Saving Private Ryan Best Picture Made for Television: From the Earth to the Moon Best Score: John Williams – Saving Private Ryan Best Screenplay – Adaptation: A Simple Plan – Scott B. Smith Best Screenplay – Original: Shakespeare in Love – Tom Stoppard and Marc Norman Best Song: \"When You Believe\" – The Prince of Egypt Best Supporting Actor: Billy Bob Thornton – A Simple Plan Best Supporting Actress: Joan Allen – Pleasantville / Kathy Bates – Primary Colors (TIE) Breakthrough Performer: Joseph Fiennes – Elizabeth and Shakespeare in Love Alan J. Pakula Award (for artistic excellence while illuminating issues of great social and political importance): John Travolta References Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 1998 film awards","title":"4th Critics' Choice Awards"},{"docid":"49166731","text":"Siân Grigg is a Welsh make-up artist. She is best known for her blockbusters and critically acclaimed feature film projects such as Saving Private Ryan (1998), The Aviator (2004), The Departed (2006), Inception (2010) and Django Unchained (2012). Grigg is a BAFTA award winner. At the 58th British Academy Film Awards she won the BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair for her work on The Aviator. In 2016, she received another nomination from BAFTA for Best Makeup and Hair and her first Oscar nomination at 88th Academy Awards in the category of Best Makeup and Hairstyling for her work on the film The Revenant. Her nomination was shared with Duncan Jarman and Robert Pandini. Grigg is a former pupil of Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf, Cardiff Art College and the London College of Fashion, where she studied make-up and hair for film and television. Selected filmography Titanic (1997) Saving Private Ryan (1998) The Aviator (2004) The Departed (2006) Inception (2010) Never Let Me Go (2010) A Little Bit of Heaven (2011) Something Borrowed (2011) J. Edgar (2011)Django Unchained (2012)Ex Machina (2015)The Revenant (2015)Far from the Madding Crowd (2015)Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' (2019) References External links Living people Alumni of Cardiff School of Art and Design Alumni of the London College of Fashion Best Makeup BAFTA Award winners Welsh make-up artists People educated at Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf Mass media people from Cardiff 21st-century Welsh women artists Year of birth missing (living people)","title":"Siân Grigg"},{"docid":"15012590","text":"33rd NSFC Awards January 3, 1999 Best Film: Out of Sight The 33rd National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 3 January 1999, honored the best filmmaking of 1998. Winners Best Picture 1. Out of Sight 2. Affliction 3. Saving Private Ryan Best Director 1. Steven Soderbergh – Out of Sight 2. Terrence Malick – The Thin Red Line 2. Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Best Actor 1. Nick Nolte – Affliction 2. Ian McKellen – Gods and Monsters 3. Brendan Gleeson – The General and I Went Down Best Actress 1. Ally Sheedy – High Art 2. Cate Blanchett – Elizabeth 3. Fernanda Montenegro – Central Station (Central do Brasil) Best Supporting Actor 1. Bill Murray – Rushmore 2. Donald Sutherland – Without Limits 3. Billy Bob Thornton – A Simple Plan Best Supporting Actress 1. Judi Dench – Shakespeare in Love 2. Patricia Clarkson – High Art 3. Lisa Kudrow – The Opposite of Sex Best Screenplay 1. Scott Frank – Out of Sight 2. Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard – Shakespeare in Love 3. Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson – Rushmore Best Cinematography 1. John Toll – The Thin Red Line 2. Janusz Kamiński – Saving Private Ryan 3. Seamus Deasy – The General Best Foreign Language Film 1. Taste of Cherry (Ta'm e guilass) 2. Fireworks (Hana-bi) 3. The Celebration (Festen) Best Non-Fiction Film 1. The Farm: Angola, USA 2. Public Housing 3. Little Dieter Needs to Fly Experimental Film Mother and Son (Mat i syn) Special Citation Walter Murch, Rick Schmidlin, Bob O'Neil and Jonathan Rosenbaum for the re-editing of Orson Welles's Touch of Evil Reprinting of an expanded edition of one of the seminal collections of film criticism, Manny Farber's Negative Space References External links Past Awards 1998 film awards 1998 1999 in American cinema","title":"1998 National Society of Film Critics Awards"},{"docid":"1248931","text":"Barry Robert Pepper (born April 4, 1970) is a Canadian-American actor. He played Private Daniel Jackson in Saving Private Ryan (1998), Corrections Officer Dean Stanton in The Green Mile (1999), Roger Maris in 61* (2001), Joseph L. Galloway in We Were Soldiers (2002), Sergeant Michael Strank in Flags of Our Fathers (2006), DEA Agent Cooper in Snitch (2013), Vince in Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015) and Maze Runner: The Death Cure (2018), Lucky Ned Pepper in the remake of the western True Grit (2010) and David Keller in Crawl (2019). He has been nominated for three Screen Actors Guild Awards and a Golden Globe Award. For his role as Robert F. Kennedy in the miniseries The Kennedys (2011), Pepper won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie. Early life and education Pepper was born the youngest of three boys in Campbell River, British Columbia, the son of a lumberjack. When he was five years old, his family set sail in a homemade yacht, navigating through the South Pacific islands for five years. He was educated through correspondence courses and public schools in Polynesia. His family encouraged him to entertain himself through improvisation and acting games while aboard the ship. When the family had finished their travels, they returned to Canada, settling on Denman Island, which his mother's family had called home for five generations. He graduated from Georges P. Vanier Secondary School in 1988. Pepper attended Camosun College after receiving a scholarship for artistic achievement, studying marketing and design. He later moved to Vancouver, where he enrolled in acting classes. He spent four years studying, including at the Gastown Actors Studio, before landing a recurring role on the show Madison. Career Pepper is perhaps best known for his role as the sniper Private Daniel Jackson in Saving Private Ryan. He portrayed Corrections Officer Dean Stanton in The Green Mile, appeared as Frank Slaughtery in Spike Lee's 25th Hour, as journalist Joseph L. Galloway in We Were Soldiers, his role as the human protagonist of the film Battlefield Earth, his depiction of Roger Maris in Billy Crystal's HBO film 61*, as Dale Earnhardt in the ESPN produced film 3: The Dale Earnhardt Story, and as Dan Morris in the film Seven Pounds, with Will Smith. He recently had roles in Casino Jack and the Coen brothers' True Grit. Pepper provided the voice for Alex Mercer, the protagonist of the video game Prototype and the voice for Corporal Dunn, a character in the video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. Pepper won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor for his performance in Battlefield Earth: A Saga of the Year 3000. He has stated that, had he known in advance he was going to win the award, he would have gladly accepted it in person. He also appeared in Jagged Edge's music video for \"Goodbye\". In 2011, he starred as Robert F. Kennedy in the Canadian-American TV mini-series The Kennedys,","title":"Barry Pepper"},{"docid":"60091145","text":"\"Now That I Found You\" is a pop song by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen. It was released as a double A-side single with \"No Drug Like Me\" on February 27, 2019 by 604, School Boy and Interscope Records, as the second advance single from Jepsen's fourth studio album, Dedicated. \"Now That I Found You\" was written by Jepsen, Ben Berger, Ryan McMahon, Ryan Rabin and Alexander O'Neill, while production was handled by Captain Cuts and Ayokay. According to Jepsen, \"Now That I Found You\" and \"No Drug Like Me\" are about \"the giddy sugar rush of opening up to new love\" and they \"go thematically hand-in-hand\". Background \"Now That I Found You\" was written at a songwriting camp in Nicaragua with Benjamin Berger, Ryan McMahon and Ryan Rabin of production team Captain Cuts and Alexander O'Neill, known professionally as Ayokay, in August 2017. It is a pop and synth-pop song with a \"synth-heavy, '80s-inspired sound\". Jepsen revealed that she wasn't in love when she wrote the song, and was just imagining how good she wanted to feel. She stated that the track \"is about the high you get when a new love starts to change your life\". On February 13, 2019, \"Now That I Found You\" was featured in the teaser trailer for the third season of Queer Eye and the song was made available to pre-save on streaming services. On February 20, 2019, Jepsen revealed the single's cover and release date. On February 21 and 22, 2019, Jepsen released teaser videos with snippets of \"Now That I Found You\". On February 25, 2019, Jepsen announced that \"No Drug Like Me\" would be released alongside \"Now That I Found You\". A teaser video with a snippet of the song was released the following day. On February 27, 2019, \"Now That I Found You\" made its world premiere on Apple Music's Beats 1 radio as Zane Lowe's World Record. Critical reception Upon its release, \"Now That I Found You\" was named the Song of the Week by Consequence of Sound. Music critic Anthony Fantano highlighted it as one of the best songs on Dedicated. The Guardian journalist Betty Clarke selected \"Now That I Found You\" as one of the best tracks of 2019. In October 2022, Rachel Seo of Variety ranked it as Jepsen's eighth best song. Year-end lists Music video The music video for \"Now That I Found You\" was directed by Carlos López Estrada and Nelson DeCastro, and premiered on March 14, 2019. It shows Jepsen caring for a lost tabby cat, which was portrayed by the celebrity cat, Shrampton. The video contains product placement for Abarth cars, the TikTok app, and Beats headphones, as well as references to the Cats on Synthesizers in Space Instagram account and the final scenes of the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. The idea to use a cat in the video was inspired by an actual cat who was adopted by Jepsen's partner at the time of recording the song's vocals. The singer","title":"Now That I Found You (Carly Rae Jepsen song)"},{"docid":"4439115","text":"Robert Rodat (born c. 1960) is an American film and television writer and television producer. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for writing Steven Spielberg's war epic Saving Private Ryan. Career Rodat wrote Saving Private Ryan (1998), The Comrades of Summer (1992), Tall Tale (1995), Fly Away Home with Vince McKewin (1996), and The Patriot (2000). He worked on the revision of the script for the 2008 film 10,000 BC and helped with the story of 2013 film Thor: The Dark World. Rodat also contributed to a screenplay for a film adaptation of Warcraft, work that was ultimately rebooted with the exit of the film's then-attached director, Sam Raimi. In 2009, Rodat created the TNT science-fiction series Falling Skies, produced by Steven Spielberg. The series did not premiere until summer 2011. Its fifth and final season was broadcast in the summer of 2015. The show is about human survivors of a semi-post apocalyptic world due to an alien invasion. Filmography The Comrades of Summer (1992, television movie) Tall Tale (1995) Fly Away Home (1996) Saving Private Ryan (1998) The Patriot (2000) Thor: The Dark World (2013) The Catcher Was a Spy (2018) Kursk (UK: Kursk: The Last Mission, US: The Command) (2018) References External links 1960s births Living people 20th-century American screenwriters 21st-century American screenwriters American male screenwriters American television producers American television writers American male television writers USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni Year of birth missing (living people) Colgate University alumni Harvard Business School alumni","title":"Robert Rodat"},{"docid":"27715118","text":"The BioShock series is a collection of story-driven first-person shooters in which the player explores dystopian settings created by Ken Levine and his team at Irrational Games. The first two games, BioShock and its direct sequel, BioShock 2, take place in the underwater city of Rapture in 1960 and 1968, which was influenced heavily by Ayn Rand's Objectivism. The third installment, BioShock Infinite, is set aboard the floating air-city of Columbia in 1912, designed around the concept of American Exceptionalism. Though Infinite is not a direct sequel to the previous games, the game is thematically linked; a short scene within the core Infinite game returns to Rapture, while the downloadable content BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea tie in many of the plot elements between BioShock and BioShock Infinite. As a heavily plot-driven series of games, BioShock contains a long list of non-playable characters (NPC) with which the player interacts and which drive the games' respective stories. BioShock Jack Jack is the protagonist of BioShock, whom the player controls throughout the game. He is first seen aboard an airplane, of which crashes near a lighthouse in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean containing a bathysphere terminal providing entry to Rapture. During his journey through Rapture, Jack encounters various gene-altering substances known as Plasmids and Tonics, which he uses to gain powerful abilities to defend himself. Jack experiences strange visions of his family while traveling, but eventually discovers that he is the illegitimate son of Andrew Ryan and singer Jasmine Jolene, \"Andrew Ryan's Favorite Girl.\" After becoming pregnant, Jasmine sold her fertilized egg to Brigid Tenenbaum, an employee of businessman Frank Fontaine. Fontaine arranged for Jack to undergo genetic conditioning so that he would age rapidly and to follow any order that followed \"would you kindly,\" a phrase that Atlas uses throughout the game to control the main character and his actions. There are two endings for Jack depending on how many Little Sisters he saved and/or harvested throughout the game: one where he lives out the rest of his life with the Little Sisters he saved, who become his adopted daughters. But due to his rapid aging, he eventually lies on his death bed with all grown and married Little Sisters holding his hand, indicating that Jack died from his accelerated growth. The other ending shows him seizing control of Rapture and becoming just as power-hungry and destructive as Fontaine, hinting that all the ADAM he gathered has corrupted him into a Splicer. In the second part of the BioShock: Infinite DLC, Burial at Sea, it is revealed that the former ending is canon. Andrew Ryan Andrew Ryan (born Andrei Rianofski) is a business magnate who seeks to avoid scrutiny from governments and other forms of oversight, ordered the secret construction of an underwater city, Rapture, where men and women like himself could be free to achieve greatness on their own terms. When Ryan's vision for a utopia in Rapture collapsed into dystopia, he hides himself away and uses armies of","title":"Characters of the BioShock series"},{"docid":"52496978","text":"Alexander Burke (born 1983) is an American musician, songwriter, composer, music producer, television producer, writer and actor. From 2013 to 2016 he was the keyboard player for the band Save Ferris. Early life Alexander was born in Los Angeles and grew up in Laguna Beach and Irvine, California with his parents who are both vested in the arts (his father is a well-respected painter and his mother was an art gallery curator before becoming a therapist). His grandmother, Flora Burke, was an accomplished actress (and an early inspiration to Alexander). Alexander always had a passion for music (he was considered a vibraphone prodigy) and while in high school joined Drake Bell’s band Drake 24/7 and went on to perform on the Amanda Show at the Palladium and other high-profile venues around LA and on TV. After high school, he went to Columbia College Chicago, where he became the youngest musical director for the renowned Second City. Alexander was asked to be the musical director for “iO Theater 25 Anniversary Concert DVD” that included performances by Mike Myers, Amy Poehler, Tim Meadows, Andy Dick, Andy Richter and Rich Talarico (Rich later hired Alexander to be the composer of Frank TV on TBS – which would be his first TV gig). While in Chicago he was also busy doing jazz gigs with musicians such as Von Freeman and Chuck Hedges. Career After graduating from Columbia College Alexander moved back to Los Angeles, where he studied at the University of Southern California’s film-scoring post-baccalaureate program. After graduation, he quickly found work in television (being hired as part of the house band for the television pilot for Robert Townsend’s talk show “Night of Townsend” on TBS) where he met Eban Schletter (the composer of “Sponge Bob Square Pants”) and Grant-Lee Phillips (who was also part of the house band) and that relationship led to Alexander playing in Phillips' band. These relationships lead to Alexander and Eban being asked to perform with, and open, for Ryan Gosling and Zach Shields' band Dead Man’s Bones. During this time, Alexander became friends with Monique Powell (the lead singer of the band Save Ferris) through his neighbor Abby Travis (the bass player for The Bangles) and ended up playing on records for both of them and later joining the band Save Ferris. Alexander was a member of Save Ferris when they opened for Gwen Stefani at Irvine Meadows and for Mexico City's infamous Ska Festival. He has also done behind-the-scenes music work, such as being the musical director on the MTV Movie Awards, and co-producing Ben Lee's album Freedom, and the first two Garfunkel and Oates albums. He co-wrote the songs \"Back to the Start\" for the Iron Man 3 soundtrack, the song \"Love You Like This\" for the Jason Bateman movie The Gift, the song \"Undercover\" for the TV series New Girl, the theme song for the Broadway Video series 7 Minutes in Heaven, and the score for the 2017 documentary film Haunters: The Art of the","title":"Alexander Burke"},{"docid":"3755176","text":"The 24th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 1998, were voted on in December 1998. The awards were presented Jan. 20 1999 at the Bel Age Hotel. Winners Best Picture: Saving Private Ryan Runner-up: The Butcher Boy Best Director: Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Runner-up: John Boorman – The General Best Actor: Ian McKellen – Gods and Monsters Runner-up: Nick Nolte – Affliction Best Actress (tie): Fernanda Montenegro – Central Station (Central do Brasil) Ally Sheedy – High Art Best Supporting Actor (tie): Bill Murray – Rushmore and Wild Things Billy Bob Thornton – A Simple Plan Best Supporting Actress: Joan Allen – Pleasantville Runner-up: Kathy Bates – Primary Colors Best Screenplay: Warren Beatty and Jeremy Pikser – Bulworth Runner-up: Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard – Shakespeare in Love Best Cinematography: Janusz Kamiński – Saving Private Ryan Runner-up: Seamus Deasy – The General Best Production Design: Jeannine Oppewall – Pleasantville Runner-up: Dennis Gassner – The Truman Show Best Music Score: Elliot Goldenthal – The Butcher Boy Runner-up: Carter Burwell – Gods and Monsters Best Foreign-Language Film: The Celebration (Festen) • Denmark/Sweden Runner-up: Central Station (Central do Brasil) • Brazil/France Best Non-Fiction Film: The Farm: Angola, USA Runner-up: Public Housing Best Animation: A Bug's Life (feature) T.R.A.N.S.I.T. (short) The Douglas Edwards Experimental/Independent Film/Video Award: Elisabeth Subrin – Shulie New Generation Award: Wes Anderson – Rushmore Career Achievement Award: Julius J. Epstein Abraham Polonsky Special Citation: Rick Schmidlin, Walter Murch, Jonathan Rosenbaum and Bob O'Neil for the restoration of Orson Welles's Touch of Evil Barbara Zicka Smith for her work running the American Cinemateque References External links 24th Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards 1998 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards","title":"1998 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards"},{"docid":"8778766","text":"Jules Sylvester (born Julian Richard Sylvester; 13 November 1950) is a British wild animal trainer, actor, television presenter and snake wrangler who works in films as well as television. Early life He was born in Devon, England, and raised in Kenya where he was first introduced to snake catching at age 16. He served in the Rhodesia Regiment during the Rhodesian Bush War from 1973-1974. Career He has appeared in numerous television shows including a series of appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his own 2002 series Wild Adventures. He handled snakes for the films Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Ernest Saves Christmas, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and Snakes on a Plane. He was also a guest on The Bernie Mac Show. He has also made multiple appearances on Spike TV's 1000 Ways to Die, in segments dealing with animal-related deaths. In 2006, he claimed that after 40 years of snake handling he had never been bitten. He also appeared as a snake handler in an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, \"Got Murder.\" He also professionally trains mammals including rhinos, wolves and lions. In 2012, he appeared in Animal Movers in Episode 2: \"The Tortoise and the Hare-Raising Cobra\". He transported cobras to Florida. On 19 February 2020, he appeared in Ryan's Mystery Playdate in Season 2 Episode 20, the first segment \"Ryan's Jungle Lovin' Playdate\". Later that year, Sylvester handled ants on the set of scenes for \"The Guy for This\", the third episode of the fifth season of Better Call Saul. Personal life He has been married to Sue Sylvester since 1987. Filmography Film Television References External links 1950 births Living people British anti-communists British male film actors British male television actors 20th-century British male actors 21st-century British male actors British television presenters British emigrants to British Kenya White Kenyan people Foreign volunteers in the Rhodesian Security Forces","title":"Jules Sylvester"},{"docid":"7514292","text":"The 3rd Golden Satellite Awards, given by the International Press Academy, honored the best in film and television for 1998. Special achievement awards Mary Pickford Award (for outstanding contribution to the entertainment industry) – Alan J. Pakula Outstanding New Talent – Eamonn Owens Motion picture winners and nominees Best Actor – Drama Edward Norton – American History X Stephen Fry – Wilde Brendan Gleeson – The General Derek Jacobi – Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon Nick Nolte – Affliction Ian McKellen – Gods and Monsters Best Actor – Musical or Comedy Ian Bannen – Waking Ned (TIE) David Kelly – Waking Ned (TIE) Warren Beatty – Bulworth Jeff Bridges – The Big Lebowski Michael Caine – Little Voice Robin Williams – Patch Adams Best Actress – Drama Cate Blanchett – Elizabeth Helena Bonham Carter – The Theory of Flight Fernanda Montenegro – Central Station (Central do Brasil) Susan Sarandon – Stepmom Meryl Streep – One True Thing Emily Watson – Hilary and Jackie Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Christina Ricci – The Opposite of Sex Jane Horrocks – Little Voice Holly Hunter – Living Out Loud Gwyneth Paltrow – Shakespeare in Love Meg Ryan – You've Got Mail Best Animated or Mixed Media Film A Bug's Life Antz Mulan The Prince of Egypt The Rugrats Movie Best Art Direction The Truman Show – Dennis Gassner Beloved Elizabeth Pleasantville Shakespeare in Love Best Cinematography The Thin Red Line – John Toll Beloved Pleasantville Saving Private Ryan Shakespeare in Love Best Costume Design Elizabeth – Alexandra Byrne Beloved Ever After Pleasantville Shakespeare in Love Best Director Terrence Malick – The Thin Red Line John Boorman – The General Shekhar Kapur – Elizabeth Gary Ross – Pleasantville Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Best Documentary Film Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life The Cruise The Farm: Angola, USA Kurt & Courtney Public Housing Best Editing Saving Private Ryan – Michael Kahn Beloved Pleasantville Shakespeare in Love The Thin Red Line Best Film – Drama The Thin Red Line Elizabeth The General Gods and Monsters Saving Private Ryan Best Film – Musical or Comedy Shakespeare in Love Little Voice Pleasantville Waking Ned You've Got Mail Best Foreign Language Film Central Station (Central do Brasil), Brazil The Celebration (Festen), Denmark Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella), Italy Only Clouds Move the Stars (Bare skyer beveger stjernene), Norway The Separation (La Séparation), France Best Original Score \"The Thin Red Line\" – Hans Zimmer \"Beloved\" – Rachel Portman \"City of Angels\" – Gabriel Yared \"Pleasantville\" – Randy Newman \"Saving Private Ryan\" – John Williams Best Original Song \"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing\" performed by Aerosmith – Armageddon \"Anyone at All\" – You've Got Mail \"The Flame Still Burns\" – Still Crazy \"That'll Do\" – Babe: Pig in the City \"When You Believe\" – The Prince of Egypt Best Screenplay – Adapted Gods and Monsters – Bill Condon Beloved – Adam Brooks, Akosua Busia and Richard LaGravenese Hilary","title":"3rd Golden Satellite Awards"},{"docid":"1195155","text":"Beach Red is a 1967 World War II film starring Cornel Wilde (who also directed and produced) and Rip Torn. The film depicts a landing by the United States Marine Corps on an unnamed Japanese-held Pacific island. The film is based on Peter Bowman's 1945 novella of the same name, which was based on his experiences with the United States Army Corps of Engineers in the Pacific War. Title During the Allied amphibious operations in World War II, designated invasion beaches were given a codename by color, such as \"Beach Red,\" \"Beach White,\" \"Beach Blue\", etc. There was a \"Beach Red\" on virtually every assaulted island, in accordance with the standard beach designation hierarchy. Plot The 30-minute opening sequence of the film depicts an opposed beach landing. Its graphic depiction of the violence and savagery of war was echoed years later in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan. In one scene during the landing, a Marine is shown with his arm blown off, similar to Thomas C. Lea III's 1944 painting The Price. As Americans are shown consolidating their gains, flashbacks illustrate the lives of American and Japanese combatants. Shifting first-person voice-over in a stream-of-consciousness style is also used to portray numerous characters' thoughts. Like Wilde's previous production of The Naked Prey (1965), the film does not use subtitles for characters speaking Japanese. The film contains large sections of voice-over narration, often juxtaposed with still photographs of wives, etc. (who are anachronistically dressed in 1967 attire). Many soldiers in the film shed tears, and the narrative displays an unusual amount of sympathy for the enemy. In one scene, an injured Cliff is lying close to an injured Japanese soldier in a scene paralleling the one from All Quiet on the Western Front with Paul Bäumer and Gérard Duval. Just after the two soldiers bond, other Marines appear and kill the Japanese soldier, distressing Cliff. Director, producer, and co-writer Wilde plays a Marine captain, the company commander. Rip Torn plays his company gunnery sergeant, who utters the film's tagline, \"That's what we're here for. To kill. The rest is all crap!\" Cast Cornel Wilde - Captain MacDonald Rip Torn - Gunnery Sergeant Honeywell Burr DeBenning - Egan Patrick Wolfe - Cliff Jean Wallace - Julie Jaime Sánchez - Colombo Dale Ishimoto - Captain Tanaka Production Beach Red was filmed on location in the Philippines using troops of the Philippine Armed Forces. The sequence of the Japanese dressed in Marine uniforms was inspired by Bowman's book, which mentions Japanese wearing American helmets to infiltrate American lines. There were no incidents in the Pacific where large numbers of Japanese donned American uniforms and attempted to infiltrate a beachhead. The action, though, is similar in some ways to a large-scale Japanese counterattack and banzai charge conducted on July 7, 1944, on Saipan, which was defeated by U.S. Army troops with heavy losses. When seeking assistance from the U.S. Marine Corps, Wilde was told that due to the commitments of the Vietnam War, all the Corps","title":"Beach Red"},{"docid":"29600235","text":"\"WUPHF.com\" is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the American comedy television series The Office, and the 135th episode overall. Written by Aaron Shure and directed by Danny Leiner, the episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on November 18, 2010. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees at the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictitious Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) and Michael Scott (Steve Carell) struggle to convince coworkers who have invested in Ryan's startup company that he can make it profitable. Meanwhile, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) hosts a hay festival in the parking lot of the building, distracting him from fulfilling a contract to Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) to have sex. The episode received positive reviews and was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Episodic Comedy. Synopsis Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) has convinced Michael Scott (Steve Carell), Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson), Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker), Andy Bernard (Ed Helms), and Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) to invest in his startup business, a cross-portal messaging system housed at WUPHF.com. While Ryan touts a planned \"investors ski weekend\", Michael learns that there is already an offer to buy out WUPHF.com, but also that Ryan only has nine days of funding left before his venture collapses. Ryan's subsequent sales pitch falls apart when he reveals that the potential buyer is the Washington University Public Health Fund, who are only interested in the domain name because it contains their initials, WUPHF. While the others demand that Ryan sell the company, Michael defends him, and because Michael is the majority shareholder in the company, his decision stands. Pam privately tells Michael that Ryan has never viewed Michael as a best friend, and is merely taking advantage of Michael's affection and loyalty for him. Pam reminds Michael that other people have money at stake, and they will all lose money if he and Ryan do not sell the company. Michael is later upset by Ryan when he refuses to have dinner with him, and again when Ryan supports Michael's theoretical plan to get a second mortgage to fund WUPHF.com. While Michael refuses to sell the company, he pressures Ryan to save everyone's money and find a suitable course of action. Ryan, unable to make WUPHF.com profitable, decides to sell the company, to Michael's relief. Meanwhile, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) hosts a hay festival in the parking lot for the Thanksgiving holiday, distracting him from a contractual obligation to have sex with Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) at her request. A frustrated Angela meets a charming, friendly man (Jack Coleman) who is attending the festival with his young son (Griffin Gluck). Angela discovers that he is a widower, and approves when he asks if he can call her sometime. Dwight appoints himself the \"Hay Festival King\" in the meantime, revealing that the entire purpose of the festival was to exorcise memories from his childhood, where his family would","title":"WUPHF.com"},{"docid":"41320181","text":"10th SLGFCA Awards December 14, 2013 Best Film: 12 Years a Slave Best Director: Steve McQueen12 Years a Slave The nominees for the 10th St. Louis Film Critics Association Awards were announced on December 9, 2013. Winners, runners-up and nominees Best Film 12 Years a Slave Runner-up: American Hustle Gravity Her Nebraska Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor – 12 Years a Slave Runner-up: Matthew McConaughey – Dallas Buyers Club Christian Bale – American Hustle Bruce Dern – Nebraska Michael B. Jordan – Fruitvale Station Best Supporting Actor Jared Leto – Dallas Buyers Club Runner-up: Will Forte – Nebraska Barkhad Abdi – Captain Phillips Michael Fassbender – 12 Years a Slave Harrison Ford – 42 Best Original Screenplay Her – Spike Jonze Runner-up: American Hustle – David O. Russell and Eric Warren Singer Enough Said – Nicole Holofcener Nebraska – Bob Nelson Saving Mr. Banks – Kelly Marcel and Sue Smith Best Cinematography 12 Years a Slave – Sean Bobbitt Runner-up: Gravity – Emmanuel Lubezki The Grandmaster – Philippe Le Sourd The Great Gatsby – Simon Duggan Inside Llewyn Davis – Bruno Delbonnel Nebraska – Phedon Papamichael Best Music Arcade Fire - Her Runner-up (tie): Steven Price - Gravity and Mark Orton - Nebraska Hans Zimmer - 12 Years a Slave Howard Shore - The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug Thomas Newman - Saving Mr. Banks Best Art Direction The Great Gatsby Runner-up: Her 12 Years a Slave The Grandmaster Inside Llewyn Davis Best Foreign Language Film Blue Is the Warmest Colour • France Runner-up Wadjda • Saudi Arabia / Germany A Hijacking • Denmark The Hunt • Denmark No • Chile Best Animated Feature Frozen Runner-up: The Wind Rises The Croods Despicable Me 2 Monsters University Best Scene (favorite movie scene or sequence) 12 Years a Slave: The hanging scene Runner-up: Gravity: Opening tracking shot Captain Phillips: The scene near the end of the film where Tom Hanks is being checked out by military medical personnel and he breaks down. Her: OS sex scene The Place Beyond the Pines: The opening scene where Ryan Gosling is walking through the carnival. Best Director Steve McQueen – 12 Years a Slave Runner-up: Alfonso Cuarón – Gravity Spike Jonze – Her Alexander Payne – Nebraska David O. Russell – American Hustle Best Actress Cate Blanchett – Blue Jasmine Runner-up: Meryl Streep – August: Osage County Amy Adams – American Hustle Sandra Bullock – Gravity Judi Dench – Philomena Emma Thompson – Saving Mr. Banks Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o – 12 Years a Slave Runner-up: June Squibb – Nebraska Scarlett Johansson – Her Jennifer Lawrence – American Hustle Léa Seydoux – Blue Is the Warmest Colour Best Adapted Screenplay 12 Years a Slave – John Ridley Runner-up: Philomena – Steve Coogan and Jeff Pope Before Midnight – Julie Delpy, Ethan Hawke and Richard Linklater Captain Phillips – Billy Ray Short Term 12 – Destin Daniel Cretton The Spectacular Now – Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber Best Visual Effects Gravity Runner-up: The Hobbit: The","title":"St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards 2013"},{"docid":"54261251","text":"No Good Deed is a 2017 American superhero short film featuring the Marvel Comics character Deadpool. The film was directed by David Leitch from a script by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick, with Ryan Reynolds starring as Deadpool. In No Good Deed, Wade Wilson tries to save an old man from a mugger, but fails because he takes the time to change into his Deadpool costume first. Shortly before the release of the 2017 film Logan, its theatrical runtime was extended by several minutes. This was due to the addition of a Deadpool short film playing before Logan in place of a traditional post-credits scene. The short was filmed in December 2016 and serves as a tease for the feature film Deadpool 2, but is not a trailer for that film. It plays into Deadpool's characteristic humor in several ways, being based on an absurd premise that would not work in a feature film, having fourth wall-breaking references to Logan, making fun of the character Superman, and featuring a cameo by Stan Lee in one version. No Good Deed was originally released by 20th Century Fox in front of Logan on March 3, 2017, and an alternate version of the short was released online by Reynolds the following day. Responses to the short praised it as a tease for Deadpool 2 and for showing that Leitch understands the character ahead of directing that film. Its humor was also highlighted by many critics. Plot Wade Wilson comes across an old man being mugged in an alley, and races to change into his Deadpool costume before he helps the man. As Wilson struggles to get dressed in a nearby phone booth, the man is shot. Wilson emerges, now as Deadpool, only to find the man dead and the mugger long gone. Cast Ryan Reynolds as Deadpool Stan Lee as himself Production David Leitch directed a scene featuring Ryan Reynolds as Deadpool in December 2016, which was believed to be intended as a post-credits scene for the 2017 film Logan. This was meant to tease the film Deadpool 2, which Leitch had been hired to direct a month earlier. However, this report was denied by Reynolds, Logan director James Mangold, and star Hugh Jackman. After Logans runtime was extended by three minutes shortly before its release, there was new speculation that a post-credits scene had been added to tease an upcoming X-Men film, but Mangold denied this again, saying that he wanted to \"make a movie that begun and ended on its own terms. There was nothing else to say, because we had said it.\" Instead, a Deadpool scene was shown as a teaser for Deadpool 2 before Logan, confirmed to be the scene directed by Leitch in December 2016. It was written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick, writers of the Deadpool films. After the initial release, Reese quickly clarified that the scene was not intended to be an official trailer for Deadpool 2, with none of its footage meant to appear","title":"No Good Deed (2017 film)"},{"docid":"11256082","text":"Saving Private Ryan: Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album for the 1998 film Saving Private Ryan, directed by Steven Spielberg. The album was produced by composer John Williams and distributed by DreamWorks Records. Recorded in Symphony Hall, Boston, Massachusetts, the scores were performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, with two of the ten compositions featuring vocals from the Tanglewood Festival Chorus. The soundtrack runs for just over an hour, while the film itself lasts over two hours. Throughout the compositions, brass (especially French Horns), and strings were used to evoke a variety of emotions and tones. The soundtrack received mixed reviews from critics, but was still nominated for several major awards, of which it won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television. Soundtrack opener \"Hymn to the Fallen\" received some radio play, in particular on the United States holidays Veterans Day and Memorial Day. The soundtrack was remastered and reissued as a commemorative twentieth anniversary edition by La-La Land Records in 2018. Background Steven Spielberg and John Williams had worked together on fifteen films before Saving Private Ryan (1998). The score was recorded at Symphony Hall in Boston, Massachusetts with the assistance of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. After having recorded the re-edited version of Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) and some of Schindler's List (1993) at Symphony Hall previously, this was the third time Spielberg and Williams worked on a soundtrack at this location. Spielberg chose Symphony Hall as the site for the recording because the hall gives \"rich, warm sound off the walls and ceiling\" and allows you to \"hear the air,\" which some soundstages do not allow you to do. Spielberg stated he chose to work with the Boston Symphony Orchestra because the film deals with a \"company of soldiers\" and the orchestra was an \"experienced company of musicians.\" Over the course of a three-day period in February 1998, the score for the film was recorded at a rate of around $100,000 an hour. Spielberg and Williams both watched a rough cut of the film to determine what scenes would have music. The two decided to leave music out of the fighting sequences, in favor of playing it over long sequences of eight to nine minutes that lack action. The playing of music between fighting sequences gives a moment of reflection for what happened. Tom Hanks came to a portion of the recording session and read the Bixby letter – which appears in the movie – to the orchestra at the behest of Williams. This caused the musicians to shuffle their feet in appreciation. Williams chose to use different families and types of instruments to convey and evoke certain tones within the score. String instruments were chosen to provide a warm sound, brass instruments were utilized for \"solemn\" sections of the pieces, and horn instruments were used to give off a pensive tone. Military drums were used largely in the piece entitled \"Hymn","title":"Saving Private Ryan (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"5128118","text":"The Niland brothers were four American brothers of Irish descent from Tonawanda, New York, who served in the military during World War II. They were sons of Mr and Mrs Michael C. Niland. Two survived the war, but for a time, only one, Frederick \"Fritz\" Niland, was believed to have survived. After the reported deaths of his three brothers, Fritz was sent back to the United States to complete his service, and only later learned that his brother Edward, missing and presumed dead, was actually captive in a Japanese POW camp in Burma. Brothers Technical Sergeant Edward Francis Niland (December 22, 1912 – February 28, 1984), U.S. Army Air Forces: Imprisoned in a Japanese POW camp in Burma, he was captured on May 16, 1944, and liberated on May 4, 1945. After Edward's B-25 Mitchell was hit, he parachuted and wandered through the Burmese jungle before being taken prisoner. Edward lived in Tonawanda until his death in 1984 at the age of 71. Second Lieutenant Preston Thomas Niland (March 6, 1915 – June 7, 1944), 29, 22nd Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division, was killed in action on June 7, 1944, in Normandy, at the Crisbecq Battery. Technical Sergeant Robert Joseph \"Bob\" Niland (February 2, 1919 – June 6, 1944), 25, D Company, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division was killed in action on June 6, 1944 in Normandy. He volunteered to stay behind with Corporal James Kelly and hold off a German advance while his company retreated from Neuville-au-Plain. He was killed while manning his machine gun; Corporal James Kelly survived. Sergeant Frederick William \"Fritz\" Niland (April 23, 1920 – December 1, 1983), H Company, 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division: Fritz was close friends with Warren Muck and Donald Malarkey, from E Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. Fritz fought through the first few days of the Normandy campaign. Nine days following D-Day, Fritz had gone to the 82nd Airborne Division to see his brother, Bob. Once he arrived at division, he was informed that Bob had been killed on D-Day. Fritz was shipped back to England, and finally, to the U.S., where he served as an MP in New York until the completion of the war. Fritz was awarded a Bronze Star for his service. This story is evidenced in Stephen Ambrose's book Band of Brothers, as well as from biographical data on Francis L. Sampson. Private James Ryan in the film Saving Private Ryan is loosely based on him. Fritz died in 1983 in San Francisco at the age of 63. Fritz married Marilyn Hartnett Batt and they had two daughters, Catherine (Cate) and Mary. Memorials In popular culture Steven Spielberg's 1998 film Saving Private Ryan is loosely based on the brothers' story. See also Bixby letter Borgstrom brothers Sullivan brothers Rogers brothers Brothers von Blücher, Germany's counterparts to the Niland/Sullivan Brothers Cervi Brothers Sole Survivor Policy References Saving Private Ryan Online Encyclopedia Saving Private Ryan a real-life drama\" by Ron Churchill, University","title":"Niland brothers"},{"docid":"11859513","text":"Harrison Richard Young (March 13, 1930 – July 3, 2005) was an American character actor. He is known for playing the elderly Ryan in Saving Private Ryan. Career Young gained recognition for his role as the elderly Private James Ryan in Steven Spielberg's war epic Saving Private Ryan (1998). Having starred in over 100 films and television episodes, Young's other credits include Passions, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and Rob Zombie's House of 1000 Corpses. Filmography 1991: Down Home (TV Series) as Lenny 1991: Reasonable Doubts (TV Series) as Drunk 1992: Waxwork II: Lost in Time as James Westbourne 1992: Guncrazy as Mr. Hickok, Howard's Dad 1992: A Child Lost Forever: The Jerry Sherwood Story (TV Movie) as Neighbor 1993: The Micronots! (TV Series) as Montgomery 1994: Marilyn, My Love 1995: ER (TV Series) as Parmelli 1996: Erotic Confessions (TV Series) as Roger Goodman, Department Store Owner 1996: Humanoids from the Deep (TV Movie) as Sergeant 1996: Children of the Corn IV: The Gathering (Video) as Drifter 1996: Ned and Stacey (TV Series) as Mr. Palmer 1996: Boston Common (TV Series) as Homeless Man 1997: The Night That Never Happened as Dad 1997: Click (TV Series) as Senator Gyrgich 1997: Butterscotch (TV Series) as Smiley 1997: True Vengeance (Video) as Sam Brown 1997: Law & Order (TV Series) as Gus 1997: Melrose Place (TV Series) as Drunk 1997: The Game as Obsequious Executive 1997: Total Security (TV Series) as Waiter #1 1997: Expose as Councilman Kaye 1997: Madam Savant as County Judge 1998: Second Skin 1998: Running Woman as Old Man 1998: The Opposite of Sex as Medical Examiner 1998: How to Make the Cruelest Month as Helpful Drunk 1998: Primary Colors as Sam 1998: Champions as Senator Able 1998: Saving Private Ryan as Old James Ryan 1998: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV Series) as Old Man 1998: Beverly Hills, 90210 (TV Series) as Grandpa Ed Taylor 1999: Blast from the Past as Bum 1999: Sliders (1 episode) as Henry Nichols 1999: Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (TV Series) as Vagrant 1999: Yonggary as Dr. Wendel Hughes 1999: Work with Me (TV Series) as Sullivan 1999: Durango Kids as Uncle Gus 1999: Witness Protection (TV Movie) as Mr. O'Connor, Cindy's Father 1999: Ugly Naked People Bob, Tour Guide 2000: Providence (TV Series) as Monroe Ellison 2000: The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle as General Foods 2000: Crocodile (Video) as Sheriff Bowman 2000: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (TV Series) as Judge Cohen 2000: Starforce as Wizened Council Member 2000: The Norm Show (TV Series) as Simon 2000: The Beach Boys: An American Family (TV Mini-Series) as Buddy Wilson 2000: Blue Shark Hash as Captain Jack 2001: Passions (TV Series) as Palmer Harper 2001: The Korean War (TV Series) as President Eisenhower 2001: Red as Kidnapper 2001: The West Wing (TV Series) as Senator Grissom 2002: 7th Heaven (TV Series) as Frank 2002: Bubba Ho-tep as Elvis' Roommate 2002: Demon Under Glass (Video) as James Conroy 2002: Trance as Henry Santorini 2002: Ken Park","title":"Harrison Young"},{"docid":"20493084","text":"Ryan Clayton Bank (born April 27, 1981) is an Emerging Technology Expert and Social Innovation Evangelist. Bank is the Founder of Social Intelligence Corporation, a start-up company that enables governments and corporate clients to gather Social and Open Source Intelligence. Besides advising governments and corporations on the use of Emerging Technology, Bank is also a featured speaker both nationally and internationally on the organizational value of Innovation. Prior to founding Social Intelligence Corporation, Bank was an award-winning television producer, new media expert and President of Clayton Entertainment, a Chicago, Illinois based media production and distribution company. Early life Bank is the son of Charles Nicky Bank, a financial industry executive, and Charlotte Bank, a homemaker. He attended Bannockburn Elementary School and then Deerfield High School (Illinois) in Deerfield, Illinois, where he first started in media production. While in high school, he received numerous national and international media awards. Ryan Bank graduated cum laude from the School of Communications through the School of Continuing Studies of Northwestern University where he was inducted into the Alpha Sigma Lambda society. Clayton Entertainment Ryan Bank served as the president of Clayton Entertainment, a media production company based in Chicago, Illinois. Clayton Entertainment was founded as a media production company and has worked on projects ranging from music videos, television programs, media production and now New Media. Clayton Entertainment has become involved with the production and distribution of new media projects with platforms such as Hulu. A Private War In 2001, Bank produced a documentary and feature film, A Private War, about the life of Dr. Eugene Lazowski. Lazowski saved the lives of about 8,000 Jews in the town of Rozwadów as well as in surrounding villages by creating a fake typhus epidemic during World War II. He used medical science to save Jews and other Poles from being deported to the Nazi concentration camps. Haiti earthquake Bank developed a system for the United States Coast Guard that used social media monitoring to find survivors after the 2010 Haiti earthquake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Based on an extensive set of tools — including the remarkable work of several NGOs and Private Volunteer Organizations — he was able to monitor hundreds of thousands of messages coming from Haiti, looking for those that needed immediate rescue. Upon receiving distress messages, Bank worked with military responders to coordinate message traffic with information from other sources. Ultimately, this intelligence would be passed to commanders in the field and rescue teams were launched to the location. References External links Personal Site Social Intelligence Corp Site Living people 1981 births People from Lake Forest, Illinois People from Bannockburn, Illinois","title":"Ryan Bank"},{"docid":"20236382","text":"The Flyin' Ryan Brothers is an American progressive rock band that formed in Illinois in 1995. It comprises two brothers, Jimmy and Johnny, who between them contribute guitars, bass, drums, keyboards, vocals and many other instruments. History Jimmy and Johnny began playing guitar in the late-1960s, at the ages of 14 and 12 respectively. Influenced by their parents—mother Virginia was a pianist, father Edward was a vocalist—they received no formal music training and had joined bands by 1971. After hearing progressive rock band Wishbone Ash (notable for featuring two lead guitarists) on the radio in 1973, the brothers formed a similar band with local musicians by the name of Westfall. They progressed from playing local clubs to having their first studio session and recording their first two tracks, \"Everything I Could Ask For\" and \"Sunshine Daydream\", in a short space of time, developing their double lead style along the way. Other bands they played in through the 1970s include Axis, Nutcracker and Freeze, opening for such famous acts as Kiss, Styx, Survivor, Head East and The Beach Boys. During the 1980s, as the music scene was changing to focus on disco, the brothers began to work separately as session musicians, solo artists and with other bands. It was during this time that Jimmy recorded his solo album Finally and Johnny began building his own studio, known as The Garage, where he also began recording his own music. After some years the brothers reunited, and in 1996 released their debut album, Sibling Revelry, which featured guest appearances from guitarists Michael Angelo Batio and Tommy Dziallo. The Brothers' second album, Colorama, was released in 1999, which featured more guest musicians (in addition to Batio and Dziallo), namely vocalists Jim \"Mudpuppy\" Wiley, Nick Cortese and Johnny Mrozek. The band's official website was created in February 2000, a process which Johnny values highly, claiming \"The internet saved us ... without it, we could have never hoped for more than a regional awareness of our music ... we've established contacts and expanded our fan base across the entire planet.\" Legacy was released in 2002, followed by Blue Marble and Totality in 2005 and 2008 respectively. Under the Influence, their last album, was released in 2012. In addition to these releases, Jimmy has released a number of solo albums. He released Finally in 1989 (reissued in 1999), Truth Squad – Superkiller in 2003, 21st Century Riffology in 2017, Astral Café in 2021 and The Healing Guitar in 2022. DiscographySibling Revelry (1996)Colorama (1999)Legacy (2002)The Chaos Sampler (2003)Blue Marble (2005)Totality (2008)Under the Influence (2011) Jimmy Ryan Solo Finally (1999)Truth Squad – Superkiller (2003)21st Century Riffology (2017)Astral Café (2021)The Healing Guitar'' (2022) References External links Official site Musical groups established in 1995 Progressive rock musical groups from Illinois Streamwood, Illinois People from Cook County, Illinois Sibling musical duos","title":"The Flyin' Ryan Brothers"},{"docid":"72522276","text":"Beatrice Judd Ryan (née Beatrice Bromfield; c.1880–December 1, 1966) was an Australian-born American gallerist, art dealer, curator, arts philanthropist, and poet. She was best known for her work in prompting modern art, as a founding director of Galerie Beaux Arts in San Francisco, and as an organizer of the 1940 \"Art in Action\" program at the Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE). She was nicknamed \"Mrs. San Francisco\", for her tirelessly support of West Coast artists. Biography Beatrice Judd Ryan was born c. 1880 in Melbourne, Australia to parents Mary (née Ware) and Davenport Bromfield. In 1882, when she was a toddler, her family moved to California and settled in San Mateo County. Her mother established the first Christian Science Church on the peninsula (in the San Francisco Bay Area). Ryan was a graduate of Castilleja School, a private preparatory high school in Palo Alto; and a graduate of Stanford University, where she majored in English (AB degree, 1902). She did not have formal education in art history or art. In 1906, she married Arthur Judd Ryan, a classmate. Together they had two children and settled in New York City. After her husband's death, the family moved to San Francisco. She was the founding director of Galerie Beaux Arts, a cooperative nonprofit gallery on Maiden Lane in San Francisco, active from 1925 to 1933. Maynard Dixon was also involved with the gallery in providing guidance. Their mission was to show modernist art, this was the first contemporary art gallery in the city. An image of Ryan is painted into the park scene (in the far left, sitting in the artist group) in the Beach Chalet murals (1936), by Lucien Labaudt. During the Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE) in 1939 to 1940, Ryan served as the State Director of Exhibitions, and she organized the \"Art in Action\" program. In 1945, she worked at the Rotunda Gallery at the City of Paris store in San Francisco. After her death in 1966, she bequeathed money to multiple museums in San Francisco the \"Beatrice Judd Ryan Bequest Fund purchase\", with the clause that the museum had to regularly buy West Coast modern art for their collections. Publications References External links Oral history interview with Beatrice Judd Ryan, 1964 February 2 from Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution 1880s births 1966 deaths Australian emigrants to the United States Castilleja School alumni Stanford University alumni American art dealers American women curators American art curators People from Melbourne Women art dealers","title":"Beatrice Judd Ryan"},{"docid":"45451649","text":"Bound is a 2015 American erotic thriller film written and directed by Jared Cohn and starring Charisma Carpenter and Daniel Baldwin. It was produced by The Asylum. Plot Michelle Mulan, an attractive woman in her forties, is a real estate broker who has recently been promoted at a failing firm. Although she is fully qualified for her new position, she was promoted because of her father, Walter's, status as chairman. While other executives want to sell the firm, she thinks it would be more of an advantage for her father's company to merge with a larger firm. Despite unfulfilled sexual desires, Michelle does not cheat on her boyfriend George. As a single mother, she struggles to raise her teenage daughter, Dara, who wants more freedom in her life. Michelle takes Dara to a local restaurant dinner one evening, where she meets a man named Ryan Black, 15 years younger than she, who becomes enamored of her. After dropping Dara off at home, Michelle returns to the restaurant, where Ryan tries to seduce her. She fends him off, but accepts his telephone number. Although, initially, she decides not to meet him, but the next day, after the merger is authorized, she does meet with him. After rejecting a marriage proposal from George, Michelle goes out with Ryan. On their date, he introduces her to the world of BDSM, after which Michelle cheats on George. After breaking up with George, Michelle begins to date Ryan, easily giving in to his dominating personality. Falling in love, Michelle begins to call Ryan her \"master\" and refers to herself as a \"messy whore.\" At a benefit dinner, Ryan begins to insult Michelle's client, Jesse Aaron, and to operate a vibrator egg she is wearing while she is with Jesse. Still, Michelle manages to get Jesse to consider a merger. Michelle decides to learn more about being dominated and quickly finds that she enjoys submitting to Ryan's will. She learns that Ryan has a criminal record. She continues to try to negotiate a merger deal with Jesse Aaron in order to save her father's firm and continues to see Ryan, surrendering to him completely, while learning more and more about the submissive lifestyle. Along the way, she also learns how to become a dominant, and a woman at a BDSM club warns her that Ryan is a predator. Unknown to her, Ryan also rapes Dara and has made her a submissive. Seeing this, Michelle finally throws off Ryan's bonds and uses her new-found sexual prowess to take control of her life. Ryan assaults her when she confronts him at his loft about his grooming and rape of Dara, but Michelle knocks him unconscious with a camera tripod. She takes him to his private dungeon and binds him, turning him into her submissive. After torturing Ryan, Michelle turns him over to the police for raping her underage daughter. With her newfound confidence, Michelle seals the deal with Jesse Aaron and the merger of Walter's company to Jesse's","title":"Bound (2015 film)"},{"docid":"52464994","text":"Save Yourself is a 2015 horror-thriller directed by Ryan M. Andrews. The film stars Tristan Risk (American Mary) and Jessica Cameron and was released on 28 November 2015. The film won Best Horror Feature at the 2016 Bare Bones International Film Festival and was inspired by a road trip director Ryan M. Andrews took with writing partner Chris Cull, from Toronto to Oklahoma. Premise Five female filmmakers en route to Los Angeles to a screening of their new horror film, experience real life terror when their paths cross with a maniacal scientist. Reception The Toronto Film Scene says, \"Director and co-writer Ryan M. Andrews has crafted the perfect kind of straight-up horror film that many viewers will remember growing up on...\" References External links 2015 films Canadian horror thriller films English-language Canadian films 2010s English-language films 2010s Canadian films","title":"Save Yourself (film)"},{"docid":"14293551","text":"\"Stop and Stare\" is the second single by American band OneRepublic from their debut studio album, Dreaming Out Loud (2007). \"Stop and Stare\" was released to American radio on November 27, 2007, and British radio on December 16, 2007, reaching number-one and to Australian radio on December 17, 2007, reaching number one as well following up on the global success of the previous top ten single \"Apologize\". The single was released on March 3, 2008, in the United Kingdom. \"Stop and Stare\" has sold over two million digital downloads worldwide. The song starts off with an acoustic guitar riff accompanied by a ringing electric guitar background fill. Both continue throughout the entire song. The song gradually builds up, with bass and drums coming in, as the song approaches the prechorus, before erupting into an emotional chorus led by Ryan Tedder's vocals and carried along by the full band. The song climaxes at the bridge, with Tedder's falsetto and an electric guitar tremolo background. In live versions, guitarist Drew Brown plays a tremolo guitar solo during the bridge portion instead of the original recording. Critical reception Nick Levine of Digital Spy described the song as \"a big, muscular rock ballad, very much in the Matchbox 20 mould, steered by a vein-poppingly emotional vocal from lead singer Ryan Tedder\". Music video The official music video for \"Stop and Stare\" premiered on MTV's TRL on January 28, 2008. The video was directed by Anthony Mandler. The video was filmed in the desert of Palmdale, California at an old gas station/motel. Throughout the video we see flashes of scenes with multiple versions of the band members Ryan Tedder, Zach Filkins, Eddie Fisher, Brent Kutzle, and Drew Brown. As the video begins, we see Ryan walking through the desert toward an open grave where a preacher stands delivering a eulogy. As he walks, we see flashes of scenes with Ryan completely submerged in a bathtub while fully clothed, in motel room #7 staring at a television displaying static, ringing the service bell at the motel desk, and sitting and waiting in the motel lobby. More Ryans are seen wandering around the motel, and again in motel room #7 leaning against the wall listening, while yet another Ryan is seen frantically driving a car with a pregnant woman in the back seat about to give birth. The Ryan standing at the open grave splits into two Ryans with one Ryan staying by the grave appearing to pray, while the second Ryan walks back toward the motel. At one point, we see the band in motel room #13 performing the song and Ryan entering the room and joining them. Outside the motel, people from all walks of life have been gathering. Among them are Ryan, Zach, Eddie, Brent and Drew. They are all just standing outside the motel, staring. Many of these scenes repeat and continue to flash back and forth, culminating in a scene where the Ryan driving the car comes to a screeching halt almost","title":"Stop and Stare"},{"docid":"21634253","text":"Ian Bryce (born 1956) is an English film producer. Starting as a production assistant on Return of the Jedi in 1983, he has since served as a producer for films including Twister, Saving Private Ryan, The Island, Spider-Man, Transformers, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. According to The Numbers, his films have grossed $7 billion worldwide—making him the 14th highest-grossing film producer as of . Career Bryce has won and been nominated for many awards, including multiple Golden Globe Awards, Academy Awards and BAFTA nominations for his work as a producer. For Steven Spielberg's World War II drama Saving Private Ryan, he won a Golden Globe Award and nominations from the Academy Awards and BAFTA. The latter film was the second-highest grossing film of 1998. Almost Famous, another Bryce production, received a BAFTA for Best Film in 2000. Bryce co-produced each the films in the Michael Bay Transformers series, one of the highest-grossing film franchises of the 21st century. Personal life Bryce grew up in Bristol, England, but moved to the US as a young adult. After marrying his wife Taylor, they moved to Los Angeles. They have two kids, Mac Bryce, and Alex Bryce. Filmography Producer The Beverly Hillbillies (1993) Twister (1996) Hard Rain (1998) Saving Private Ryan (1998) Almost Famous (2000) Spider-Man (2002) Tears of the Sun (2003) The Island (2005) Transformers (2007) Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011) Pain & Gain (2013) World War Z (2013) Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014) Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (2016) War Machine (2017) Transformers: The Last Knight (2017) 6 Underground (2019) Finding 'Ohana (2021) Ambulance (2022) Executive producer Speed (1994) Hancock (2008) Associate producer Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (1985) Howard the Duck (1986) Batman Returns (1992) Production manager Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) Field of Dreams (1989) The Rocketeer (1991) Other credits See also List of accolades received by Almost Famous 1998 in film References External links \"PRODUCED BY 2009\" (Producers Guild of America) 1956 births English film producers English emigrants to the United States Living people People from Totnes","title":"Ian Bryce"},{"docid":"18096774","text":"Arthur St. John Ryan (18 July 1935 – 8 July 2019) was an Irish businessman who was the founder, chairman, and chief executive of Primark. The business was founded as Penneys and continues to trade under that name in the Republic of Ireland. Early life Arthur Ryan was born the son of a Cork-born insurance clerk in 1935, and went to the Synge Street CBS in Dublin after moving to the city with his family. After emigrating to London, he entered the genteel world of gentlemen's tailoring as a tie buyer at Swan & Edgar. He also worked for London fashion wholesaler Carr & McDonald. From there, he returned to Dublin and a job at Dunnes Stores in Cornelscourt. Business career Ryan opened the first Penneys shop on Mary Street in Dublin in 1969. Subsequently, in 1974, he took the model to Britain under the new brand-name Primark to avoid legal problems with US chain JC Penney. The major turnaround came in 2005, when Primark acquired a huge portfolio of Littlewoods stores. Meanwhile, close attention to catwalk trends made it chic as well as cheap. It went from being the \"shop that nobody admitted going to\" to a Mecca for celebrity shoppers. It now accounts for over a third of parent company Associated British Foods' (ABF) operating profits. In 2009, Ryan gave up his day-to-day control of the firm as chief executive but became chairman instead. Personal life Arthur St John Ryan was married to the former entertainer (The Swarbriggs/Alma Carroll) and had a daughter Jess Ryan. Ryan additionally had four children from his first marriage, Colin, Barry, Arthur and Alison Ryan. He was an intensely private man, living in one of Dublin's best-protected houses, he never gave interviews and was rarely seen in public without bodyguards. His great fear was kidnap – a real enough threat for Irish retail magnates during the Troubles. In 1981, the IRA snatched department store boss Ben Dunne; two years later, they tried to kidnap Galen Weston, scion of the Canadian family behind Primark's owner, food and retail conglomerate Associated British Foods (ABF). Ryan took no chances. \"His daily schedule is kept secret from all but his closest aides.\"[5] Ryan's son, Barry, who was 51, died while attempting to save his son and his son's girlfriend from drowning during a freak accident on 30 June 2015. Barry's son and his girlfriend also died during the rescue bid. Death Ryan died of a short illness on 8 July 2019, 10 days before his 84th birthday. References 1935 births 2019 deaths Businesspeople from County Dublin Irish businesspeople in fashion People educated at Synge Street CBS 20th-century Irish businesspeople","title":"Arthur Ryan"},{"docid":"8394133","text":"Maximilian Carlo Martini (born December 11, 1969) is an American actor, writer, and director known for his roles as Corporal Fred Henderson in Saving Private Ryan, Wiley in Level 9, First Sergeant Sid Wojo in The Great Raid, and as Master Sergeant Mack Gerhardt in the CBS military drama television series The Unit. He also starred in the film 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi as Mark Geist. Career Film After college, Martini found steady work in film and television projects. His film roles include co-starring opposite Jodie Foster in Robert Zemeckis's Contact as Willie, a fellow scientist with an affinity for brightly colored shirts, and sharing the screen with Tom Hanks and Matt Damon in Saving Private Ryan as Corporal Henderson, ranking NCO of Pfc. James Ryan's unit, who helped Cpt. John H. Miller and his men in the brutal final shootout of the film. Martini later co-starred in John Dahl's The Great Raid as 1st Sgt. Sid Wojo. He appeared in smaller independent films, working with Calista Flockhart in Jane Doe, Chris Penn and Jeffrey Wright in Cement and in the 2000 Sundance Film Festival fave Backroads. In 1999, Martini wrote, co-directed and starred in Desert Son. His younger brother, Christopher, co-directed the film with him, and his sister, Michelle, served as costume designer. He had a recurring role in the ABC drama Castle. In 2011, the Noor Iranian Film Festival in Los Angeles invited him to participate as an official festival judge. In 2013, he played the role of the U.S. Navy SEAL commander in Paul Greengrass's Academy Award-nominated film Captain Phillips. In 2013, Guillermo del Toro cast Martini and Rob Kazinsky as the Australian father-son pilot duo in Pacific Rim. In 2014, Martini was cast in Legendary Pictures' supernatural thriller Spectral. Martini played Christian Grey's bodyguard in the film Fifty Shades of Grey (2015), and its two sequels. In 2016, Martini portrayed Mark \"Oz\" Geist in Michael Bay's 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi. Martini made his directorial debut in 2019 with a military drama. Sgt. Will Gardner, in which he also starred as Sgt. Will Gardner. Television and theater Martini's television credits include a lead role in the Sci-fi Channel's Emmy nominated mini-series Taken and appearances as Agent Steve Goodrich on the second season of 24. He was also cast in X-Files creator Chris Carter's Harsh Realm, and had a recurring role in the Canadian series Da Vinci's Inquest. He also appeared in Lie to Me. After memorable guest-star turns in popular series, including Numb3rs, Walker Texas Ranger, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and CSI: Miami, Martini landed a lead role in The Unit, a series about a tier-1 US Army special operations team created by David Mamet and produced by Shawn Ryan of The Shield. Martini remains active in the theater, having co-founded the Theatre North Collaborative in New York City, a company of American and Canadian actors dedicated solely to producing new works from both sides of the border. In 2011, he","title":"Max Martini"},{"docid":"55130027","text":"Martin Hub (born 13 March 1964) is a Czech character actor, best known for his portrayals of immigrants with broken English, soldiers, secret agents and bodyguards. As a professional stuntman, he is best known for his work in James Cameron's Titanic, Saving Private Ryan, and Gladiator. Life and career A lifelong native of the Prague, Czech Republic, in high school Hub was an active athlete, playing football and handball, threw javelin, balls, disk, and boxing. He attended the Czech stunt school, Jaroslav Toms, and made his film debut in Field Field in 1986. He later appeared in such blockbuster movies as Titanic, playing a non-English speaking Slovak father who goes down with the ship with his son in his arms, a Czech soldier in Saving Private Ryan, and was Russell Crowe's official stuntman in Gladiator. Hub acts in the stunt group of Filmka and coordinates and teaches stunts professionally. Filmography Cool Runnings (1993) – Czech Bobsled Driver Titanic (1997) – Slovakian Father Saving Private Ryan (1998) – Czech Wehrmacht Soldier Hannibal Rising (2007) – Lothar Life is Life (2015) – Pirate Pěstírna (2017) – Šembera References External links 1964 births Czech male film actors Czech male television actors Czech stunt performers Living people Male actors from Prague 20th-century Czech male actors 21st-century Czech male actors","title":"Martin Hub"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3839622\",\n \"text\": \"Dylan Bruno (born September 6, 1972) is an American actor and former model. His first major film role was a supporting part in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan (1998), followed by a lead role in the horror film The Rage: Carrie 2 (1999). On television, Bruno portrayed FBI agent Colby Granger in Numbers and disgraced former Army Ranger Jason Paul Dean in NCIS. Early life Bruno was born September 6, 1972, in Milford, Connecticut, to actor Scott Bruno and the late Nancy (née Mendillo) Bruno. His older brother is film and television actor, director and producer Chris Bruno. Growing up, the brothers lived in Milford with their mother and spent time with their father on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. Both brothers graduated from Hamden Hall Country Day School, a private college prep school in Hamden CT. In 1994, Bruno earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Environmental Engineering from MIT, where he played varsity football as a linebacker. \\\"When I got into MIT, I just decided it was an opportunity I didn't want to turn down,\\\" he said. \\\"I actually found out that I had the second-lowest SAT scores at MIT. The guy with the lowest score and I would always hang out together and be like, 'Yeah, we're the second-to-last and last dumbest guy in the school.'\\\" Upon graduating, Bruno worked for a robotics company before deciding to pursue a career in acting. Career In 1995, while working as a model for Calvin Klein, Bruno made his television acting debut on the NBC series High Sierra Search and Rescue. He made his film debut in Naked Ambition (1997). In 1998, he had small roles in Saving Private Ryan and When Trumpets Fade and competed in and won a special episode of American Gladiators (1989–96). He co-starred in The Rage: Carrie 2 (1999), Where the Heart Is (2000), Going Greek (2001). He portrayed an L.A.P.D. cop in The One (2001), a rock musician in The Simian Line (2001), and Harry \\\"Blaine\\\" Mayhugh, Jr., in The Pennsylvania Miners' Story (2002). He also appeared in The Anarchists -Cookbook (2002). Bruno had a five-year run as \\\"Colby Granger\\\" on the hit TV show, Numbers from 2005 to 2010. In May 2010, he joined NCIS for three episodes, playing a disgraced U.S. Army Ranger who worked for a Mexican drug cartel; in the Season 7 finale, his character died in a gunfight. Bruno has done voice-over work for several products such as Bacardi Silver, Coors Light, Chevrolet, Jeep, Virtual Boy, and Sony Handycam. In addition to his voice-over work, Bruno is the current narrator of the Discovery Channel program Rides. Personal life Bruno is married and has three sons. He is an avid spearfisher. Filmography Film Television References External links Sampling of Dylan's voice-over work 1972 births American male film actors American male sport wrestlers American male television actors American male voice actors Male actors from Connecticut Living people MIT School of Engineering alumni People from Milford, Connecticut 20th-century American male actors\",\n \"title\": \"Dylan Bruno\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10394520\",\n \"text\": \"No Time for Love is a 1943 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Mitchell Leisen and starring Claudette Colbert and Fred MacMurray. Written by Claude Binyon, Robert Lees, and Frederic I. Rinaldo, the film is about a sophisticated female photographer assigned to photograph the tough \\\"sandhog\\\" construction workers at a tunnel project site. After saving one of the sandhogs from a fatal accident, she becomes attracted to this cocky well-built man they call Superman. Unsettled by her feelings, she hires the man as her assistant, believing that her attraction to him will diminish if she spends time with him. Their time together, however, leads to feelings of love, and she struggles to overcome her haughtiness and make her true feelings known. No Time for Love was the fourth of seven films starring Colbert and MacMurray, both of whom had previously worked with director Mitchell Leisen. The film was shot at Paramount Studios from June 8 to July 24, 1942. A special set was constructed for the tunnel scenes, based on blueprints for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. A special mix of adobe and water was used to produce the mud in the climactic scenes. No Time for Love was released by Paramount Pictures on November 10, 1943, in New York City. The film received good reviews in Variety and the New York Times, whose reviewer called it a \\\"delightful comedy\\\" and \\\"a thoroughly ingratiating film\\\". The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction–Interior Decoration, Black-and-White (Hans Dreier, Robert Usher, Samuel M. Comer). Plot Mirror magazine's top photographer Katherine Grant (Claudette Colbert) is assigned to photograph the Interborough Vehicular River Tunnel project in New York City. Wearing a hardhat and boots, the beautiful photographer is taken underground to the construction site where she is not greeted warmly by the superstitious tunnel workers, called \\\"sandhogs\\\", who believe that women in the tunnel bring bad luck. When she sneaks closer to the drilling point to get a better view, her presence distracts some of the workers and causes an accident that nearly kills Jim Ryan (Fred MacMurray), the cocky well-built sandhog they call \\\"Superman\\\". When she sees the unconscious Ryan about to be crushed by a machine, she drags him to safety. Later in the compression chamber, a revived Ryan gets into a fistfight with his co-workers after they taunt him about being saved by a woman. During the brawl, Katherine photographs Ryan as he's beating up the other sandhogs. On their way out of the tunnel, Ryan notices that Katherine is flirting with him and tells her he's not interested. Insulted by the brush off, she informs him that she has a boudoir chair with more integrity than he has. Back at home, Katherine shows her photographs to her sister Hoppy (Ilka Chase) and their snobbish sophisticated friends—her effete suitor and Mirror publisher Henry Fulton (Paul McGrath), playwright Dunbar (Morton Lowry), and composer Roger Winant (Richard Haydn)—who make fun of the brawling \\\"ape\\\". Just then, Ryan arrives at\",\n \"title\": \"No Time for Love (1943 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5047792\",\n \"text\": \"The 4th Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards, given in January 1999, honored the best filmmaking of 1998. The organization, founded in 1990, includes 49 film critics for print, radio, television, and internet publications based in north Texas. Winners Best Picture: Saving Private Ryan Best Director: Steven Spielberg - Saving Private Ryan References External links Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association official website 1998 1998 film awards\",\n \"title\": \"Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 1998\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3740508\",\n \"text\": \"64th New York Film Critics Circle Awards January 10, 1999 Best Picture: Saving Private Ryan The 64th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in film for 1998, were announced on 16 December 1998 and given on 10 January 1999. Winners Best Actor: Nick Nolte - Affliction Runners-up: Ian McKellen - Gods and Monsters and Brendan Gleeson - The General Best Actress: Cameron Diaz - There's Something About Mary Runners-up: Fernanda Montenegro - Central Station (Central do Brasil) and Renée Zellweger - One True Thing and A Price Above Rubies Best Cinematography: John Toll - The Thin Red Line Best Director: Terrence Malick - The Thin Red Line Runners-up: Steven Spielberg - Saving Private Ryan and Paul Schrader - Affliction Best Film: Saving Private Ryan Runners-up: Affliction and Happiness Best First Film: Richard Kwietniowski - Love and Death on Long Island Runners-up: Don Roos - The Opposite of Sex and Vincent Gallo - Buffalo '66 Best Foreign Language Film: The Celebration (Festen) • Denmark/Sweden Runners-up: Central Station (Central do Brasil) • Brazil/France and Taste of Cherry (Ta'm e guilass) • Iran Best Non-Fiction Film: The Farm: Angola, USA Runner-up: The Cruise Best Screenplay: Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard - Shakespeare in Love Runners-up: Todd Solondz - Happiness and Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson - Rushmore Best Supporting Actor: Bill Murray - Rushmore Runner-up: Dylan Baker - Happiness Best Supporting Actress: Lisa Kudrow - The Opposite of Sex Runner-up: Judi Dench - Shakespeare in Love Special Award: Rick Schmidlin - Touch of Evil (for the reworked version) References External links 1998 Awards 1998 New York Film Critics Circle Awards 1988 in American cinema New York 1998 in New York City\",\n \"title\": \"1998 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16062188\",\n \"text\": \"Gary Levinsohn is an American film producer. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, along with Steven Spielberg, Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon for the film Saving Private Ryan. He is the co-owner of Mutual Film Company. Filmography He was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted. Film Television Awards and nominations In 1999, Gary Levinsohn, along with Steven Spielberg, Ian Bryce and Mark Gordon, was nominated for Academy Award and BAFTA Film Award for Saving Private Ryan, for the category of Best Picture and Best Film respectively. Saving Private Ryan won him Best Drama Picture at 1999 Online Film & Television Association Film Award and 2nd place in Best Motion Picture at Awards Circuit Community Awards. Levinsohn, along with Mark Gordon, Allison Lyon Segan and John Roberts, won BAFTA Children's Award for the film Paulie in the same year. In 2016, Levinsohn, along with Michael Worth, Kassi Crews and Dennis Ho, won an Award of Merit Special Mention at the Accolade Competition for the film Broken Memories. References External links American film producers Living people 1959 births\",\n \"title\": \"Gary Levinsohn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1945359\",\n \"text\": \"Final Destination 3 is a 2006 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wong. A standalone sequel to Final Destination 2 (2003), it is the third installment in the Final Destination film series. Wong and Glen Morgan, who worked on the franchise's first film, wrote the screenplay. Final Destination 3 stars Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Ryan Merriman, and takes place years after the first film. Winstead plays Wendy Christensen, a high school graduate who has a premonition that a roller coaster she and her classmates are riding will derail. Although she saves some of them, Death begins hunting the survivors. Wendy realizes photographs she took at the amusement park contain clues about her classmates' deaths. With survivor and friend Kevin Fischer (Merriman), Wendy tries to use this knowledge to save the rest of the survivors and ruin Death's scheme. The film's development began shortly after the release of Final Destination 2; Jeffrey Reddick, creator of the franchise and a co-writer of the first two films, did not return for the third one. Unlike the second film, which was a direct sequel to the first, the producers envisioned Final Destination 3 as a stand-alone film. The idea of featuring a roller coaster derailment as the opening-scene disaster came from New Line Cinema executive Richard Bryant. From the beginning, Wong and Morgan saw control as a major theme in the film. Casting began in March 2005 and concluded in April. Like the previous two installments, it was filmed in Vancouver, Canada. The first two weeks of the three-month shoot were spent filming the scenes involving the rollercoaster derailing. Following its premiere at Grauman's Chinese Theatre on February 2, 2006, the film was released in cinemas in the United States on February 10, 2006. The DVD, released on July 25, 2006, includes commentaries, documentaries, a deleted scene and an animated video. A special-edition DVD called \\\"Thrill Ride Edition\\\" includes a feature called \\\"Choose Their Fate\\\", which acts as an interactive film, allowing viewers to make decisions at specific points in the film that alter the course of the story. Final Destination 3 received a mixed critical response. The film was a financial success and, with box office receipts of nearly $118 million, the highest-grossing installment in the franchise at the time. A fourth film, The Final Destination, was released in August 2009. Plot In 2005, high school student Wendy Christensen visits an amusement park in Pennsylvania with her boyfriend Jason Wise, her best friend Carrie Dreyer, Carrie's boyfriend Kevin Fischer, and their classmates to celebrate their graduation. As they board the Devil's Flight roller coaster, Wendy has a premonition that a camcorder, dropped by one of her friends during the ride, will land on the ride's tracks and will be run over by the train cars, causing the hydraulics securing the restraints and train cars to fail during the ride, killing everyone on board. She convinces nine people including Kevin, best friends Ashley Freund and Ashlyn Halperin, alumnus Frankie Cheeks, athlete Lewis Romero,\",\n \"title\": \"Final Destination 3\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"70253160\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Help, My Teenager Hates Me!\\\" is the fifth episode of the twenty-fifth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 316th episode overall of the series, it premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on March 9, 2022. This episode features the boys having to learn to deal with the angst and frustration of teenagers, as the boys want to play Airsoft and find teenagers are their only willing participants. Plot Fourth grader Kyle Broflovski begs his father Gerald to allow him to purchase an Airsoft gun so he can play with his friends Stan Marsh, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick. Gerald is warned by the Airsoft store employee that mostly teenagers play this game. At the Airsoft field, the teenagers there complain that playing against fourth graders would be too easy, so the field manager splits the teams into two groups, each one consisting of two teens paired with two fourth graders. The younger boys enjoy the game, but after returning home, the mother of Kyle's teenage partner, Trevor, drops him off at Kyle's house, stating, \\\"He said he's your teenager now.\\\" Kyle's friends are also assigned to take care of their teenage partners, who are moody like Trevor. The fourth graders are ill-equipped to deal with this, and it hampers the next partnered Airsoft game. Following advice from the book Help, My Teenager Hates Me!, Kyle suggests taking their teenagers camping, though the teens' feelings of alienation continue. Kyle tells Gerald that he no longer wants to play Airsoft because of the teens. Gerald suggests that the children instead play with him and the other fathers, Randy Marsh and Stuart McCormick. At the Airsoft range, the children and the teens challenge one another to one last battle, with the losing team agreeing to never play at the Airsoft range again. As the bet is made, the fathers arrive along with Jimbo Kern. During the game, Randy places a jar of marijuana in the field to lure the teens out into the open. As the teens approach it, Randy throws an airsoft grenade at them, knocking them all out at once. As the boys and the adults head toward Eric's home for a victory meal, Randy, brandishing his rifle, asks the other men if he should \\\"take them out now\\\", but Gerald stops him, saying that they still have a few more years before the children \\\"turn into monsters\\\". Reception Dan Caffrey with The A.V. Club gave the episode a \\\"C+\\\", calling it \\\"frustratingly one-note\\\" and stating in his review that \\\"The problem is, the nonstop apathy and frustration of the teenagers becomes boring to watch. While [Trey] Parker and [Matt] Stone are undoubtedly commenting on the real-life challenges that can come with raising an adolescent—the selfishness, the lethargy, the irritability—the flatlined demeanor feels out of place on a show like South Park.\\\" He also noted that the final Airsoft battle scene featured \\\"jerky camera movements reminiscent of gritty war films like Saving Private Ryan, Black\",\n \"title\": \"Help, My Teenager Hates Me!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"26131809\",\n \"text\": \"19th London Film Critics Circle Awards 4 March 1999 Film of the Year: Saving Private Ryan British Film of the Year: Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels The 19th London Film Critics Circle Awards, honouring the best in film for 1998, were announced by the London Film Critics Circle on 4 March 1999. Winners and nominees Film of the Year Saving Private Ryan Boogie Nights The Ice Storm Titanic The Truman Show British Film of the Year Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels The Butcher Boy Elizabeth The General My Name Is Joe Foreign Language Film of the Year Shall We Dance? • Japan Funny Games • Austria Director of the Year Peter Weir – The Truman Show James Cameron – Titanic Michael Haneke – Funny Games Ang Lee – The Ice Storm Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan British Director of the Year John Boorman – The General Ken Loach – My Name Is Joe Screenwriter of the Year Andrew Niccol – The Truman Show and Gattaca Joel and Ethan Coen – The Big Lebowski Matt Damon and Ben Affleck – Good Will Hunting James Schamus – The Ice Storm Neil LaBute – In the Company of Men British Screenwriter of the Year Guy Ritchie – Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels Neil Jordan and Patrick McCabe – The Butcher Boy John Boorman – The General Paul Laverty – My Name Is Joe Hossein Amini – The Wings of the Dove Actor of the Year Jack Nicholson – As Good as It Gets Matt Damon – Good Will Hunting, The Rainmaker and Saving Private Ryan Robert Duvall – The Apostle Tom Hanks – Saving Private Ryan Kevin Kline – The Ice Storm and In & Out Actress of the Year Cate Blanchett – Elizabeth Joan Allen – The Ice Storm Pam Grier – Jackie Brown Helen Hunt – As Good as It Gets Gwyneth Paltrow – Sliding Doors, Great Expectations and A Perfect Murder British Actor of the Year Brendan Gleeson – The General John Hurt – Love and Death on Long Island Derek Jacobi – Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon Peter Mullan – My Name Is Joe Bill Nighy – Still Crazy British Actress of the Year Helena Bonham Carter – The Wings of the Dove Julie Christie – Afterglow Minnie Driver – The Governess Louise Goodall – My Name Is Joe Kristin Scott Thomas – The Horse Whisperer Kate Winslet – Titanic Catherine Zeta-Jones – The Mask of Zorro British Supporting Actor of the Year Nigel Hawthorne – The Object of My Affection Daniel Craig – Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon Christopher Eccleston – Elizabeth Joseph Fiennes – Elizabeth Anthony Hopkins – The Mask of Zorro, Amistad and The Edge Vinnie Jones – Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels Adrian Lester – Primary Colors Rufus Sewell – Martha, Meet Frank, Daniel and Laurence British Supporting Actress of the Year Kate Beckinsale – The Last Days\",\n \"title\": \"London Film Critics Circle Awards 1998\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1009315\",\n \"text\": \"Fanfare for the Common Man is a musical work by the American composer Aaron Copland. It was written in 1942 for the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra under conductor Eugene Goossens and was inspired in part by a speech made earlier that year by then American Vice President Henry A. Wallace, in which Wallace proclaimed the dawning of the \\\"Century of the Common Man\\\". Several alternative versions have been made and fragments of the work have appeared in many subsequent US and British cultural productions, such as in the musical scores of movies. Instrumentation This fanfare is written for the following instruments: four horns (in F) three trumpets (in B) three trombones tuba timpani bass drum tam-tam Fanfare Copland, in his autobiography, wrote of the request: \\\"Eugene Goossens, conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, had written to me at the end of August about an idea he wanted to put into action for the 1942–43 concert season. During World War I he had asked British composers for a fanfare to begin each orchestral concert. It had been so successful that he thought to repeat the procedure in World War II with American composers\\\". A total of 10 fanfares were written at Goossens' behest, but Copland's is the only one which remains in the standard repertoire. It was written in response to the US entry into World War II and was inspired in part by a famous 1942 speech where vice president Henry A. Wallace proclaimed the dawning of the \\\"Century of the Common Man\\\". Goossens had suggested titles such as Fanfare for Soldiers, or sailors or airmen, and he wrote that \\\"[i]t is my idea to make these fanfares stirring and significant contributions to the war effort....\\\" Copland considered several titles including Fanfare for a Solemn Ceremony and Fanfare for Four Freedoms; to Goossens' surprise, however, Copland titled the piece Fanfare for the Common Man. Goossens wrote, \\\"Its title is as original as its music, and I think it is so telling that it deserves a special occasion for its performance. If it is agreeable to you, we will premiere it 12 March 1943 at income tax time\\\". Copland's reply was \\\"I [am] all for honoring the common man at income tax time\\\". Copland later used the fanfare as the main theme of the fourth movement of his Third Symphony (composed between 1944 and 1946). In television and other media The Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL have used it as part of a pre-game video introduction of the team before it takes to the ice since moving into the United Center in 1994. Several feature films employ the piece for dramatic effect. John Williams' main themes for the 1978 Superman film are partially based on the fanfare and his original score for Saving Private Ryan draws heavily on its soundworld (though Copland's piece is not actually heard in either movie). In The Patriot, which Williams scored, the music of the final scene before the credits may be a nod to Copland's work.\",\n \"title\": \"Fanfare for the Common Man\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"70400848\",\n \"text\": \"Janusz Kamiński is a Polish cinematographer known for his work in film and television. Kamiński is most known for his collaborations with director Steven Spielberg. Their partnership first started in 1993 with the holocaust drama Schindler's List for which Kamiński received his first Academy Award for Best Cinematography. He won his second for Spielberg's World War II drama Saving Private Ryan (1998). He has also received Academy Award nominations for Amistad (1997), War Horse (2011), Lincoln (2012), and West Side Story (2021). He has received five British Academy Film Award nominations for Best Cinematography winning for Schindler's List (1993). He also has received five nominations from the American Society of Cinematographers for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography. He did receive a special prize for his Cinematography for Julian Schnabel's The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007), as well as an Academy Award, César Award, and ASC Award nomination. Major associations Academy Awards British Academy Film Awards American Society of Cinematographers Industry awards American Film Institute (AFI) Awards 2002: A.I. Artificial Intelligence (won) 2010: Franklin J. Schaffner Award (won) British Society of Cinematographers Award For Best Cinematography: 1993: Schindler's List (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (nomination) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (nomination) 2015: Bridge of Spies (nomination) Camerimage 1998: Saving Private Ryan − Golden Frog (nominated) 2002: Atlas Award (won) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly − Golden Frog (won) Cannes Film Festival 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly − Vulcan Prize for the Technical Artist (won) César Award for Best Cinematography 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (nomination) Hollywood Film Awards 2002: Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography 2015: Bridge of Spies (won) Independent Spirit Awards Best Cinematography: 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (won) Palm Springs International Film Festival 2000: Da Vinci's Cinematographer's Award (won) Satellite Award for Best Cinematography 1997: Amistad (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (nomination) 2002: Minority Report (nomination) 2005: Munich (nomination) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (won) 2011: War Horse (won) 2012: Lincoln (nomination) 2015: Bridge of Spies (nomination) Stockholm International Film Festival 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (won) Critics awards Alliance of Women Film Journalists 2002: A.I. Artificial Intelligence - Cinematographer of the Year (won) Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Cinematography 1993: Schindler's List (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (won) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (won) Broadcast Film Critics Association 2011: War Horse (won) - Critics Choice Award for Best Cinematography 2012: Lincoln (nomination) - Critics Choice Award for Best Cinematography 2021: West Side Story (nomination) - Critics Choice Award for Best Cinematography Chicago Film Critics Association BEst Cinematography: 1993: Schindler's List (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (nomination) 2001: A.I. Artificial Intelligence (nomination) 2002: Minority Report (nomination) 2005: Munich (nomination) 2007: The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (nomination) 2011: War Horse (nomination) 2012: Lincoln (nomination) Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Best Cinematography: 1993: Schindler's List (won) 1998: Saving Private Ryan (won) Florida Film Critics Circle Best Cinematography: 1998: Saving Private Ryan (won)\",\n \"title\": \"List of awards and nominations received by Janusz Kamiński\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60678071\",\n \"text\": \"Blood & Truth is a first-person shooter developed by London Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It was released on May 28, 2019 for the PlayStation 4's virtual reality headset PlayStation VR. Gameplay The game is a first-person shooter. The player assumes control of Ryan Marks, a former Special Forces soldier who must save his family from a London crime boss. Players can hide behind cover and pick up different guns to shoot enemies. To move in the game, players only need to look at a spot and press a button. The playable character will then automatically move to the spot. Players can also interact with different objects. Plot The game begins with Ryan Marks being interrogated by an agent named Carson, who explains his current situation. During the interrogation, flashbacks show the events that happened up until the interrogation. Ryan infiltrates a compound and rescues fellow soldier, Deacon and both escape the compound before Ryan is informed that his father had died from a heart attack. Ryan is sent back home in London and is picked up by his brother Nick from the airport. After the funeral, Ryan meets with his mother Anne, but then they are interrupted by gunfire, the family is then confronted by Tony Sharp, a London crime boss, Kayla, a woman who supposedly works for Tony and kills one of Anne's bodyguards and Tony's brother Keach. The family is held at gunpoint by Keach, including Ryan's sister, Michelle, but Keach is fooled by Nick into thinking that the gun's safety is on. At this moment, Michelle and Nick takedown Keach and knock him out, the family then flees to their hidden safe house. The family then discovers that Tony will be at his private casino and Ryan volunteers to infiltrate the casino and kill Tony, although Anne is reluctant to the plan. Ryan successfully infiltrates the casino but discovers that Tony is not in the building and is at his art gallery, but Keach still remains and tracks him down to a hotel room. After rigging the casino with bombs, Ryan confronts Keach and chases him through the building. Once he stops Keach, Ryan questions him on where Tony is, but Keach doesn't know where he is. Keach is either killed by Ryan or is suddenly killed by an armored guard and Ryan is able to escape and blow up the casino with the bombs he had rigged. Ryan disguises himself and enters the art gallery during the day and discovers a private room that might contain information. Ryan and Nick then sneak into the gallery at night and vandalize most of the exhibits. The brothers are also able to find documents that all link back to Falstead Airfield. After returning to the safe house, Tony calls the brothers along with Michelle to inform them that he has captured Anne and has held her in Freeson Towers, a building that is due for demolition. The siblings work together to rescue Anne and Ryan is\",\n \"title\": \"Blood & Truth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3659962\",\n \"text\": \"2nd TFCA Awards December 16, 1998 Best Film: Saving Private Ryan The 2nd Toronto Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 1998, were held on 16 December 1998. Winners Best Actor: Ian McKellen - Gods and Monsters Runners-Up: Robert Duvall – The Apostle and Tom Hanks – Saving Private Ryan Best Actress: Cate Blanchett - Elizabeth Runners-Up: Christina Ricci – The Opposite of Sex and Pascale Bussières – August 32nd on Earth Best Canadian Film: Last Night Runners-Up: Nô and The Red Violin Best Director: Steven Spielberg - Saving Private Ryan Runners-Up: Todd Solondz – Happiness and Steven Soderbergh – Out of Sight Best Film: Saving Private Ryan Runners-Up: Happiness and The Celebration Clyde Gilmour Award: Gerald Pratley References 1998 1998 film awards 1998 in Toronto 1998 in Canadian cinema\",\n \"title\": \"Toronto Film Critics Association Awards 1998\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"38682123\",\n \"text\": \"Grahame Wood (born 1970) is a British–American actor born in Toronto Canada. His career has kept him busy in L.A., London, Toronto, and Vancouver. He is best known for his performance in the Roland Emmerich epic, The Patriot, and continues to forge a career out of playing the layered bad guy. Commenting on his death scene in Saving Private Ryan, Steven Spielberg proclaimed, \\\"That was better than the opening credits of ER!\\\" Film/Television Grahame was trained at Britain's oldest drama school, LAMDA. As well as The Patriot and Saving Private Ryan Grahame was in the Emmy Award nominated movie, 4 Minutes, Grahame portrayed celebrated runner, Sir Christopher Chataway. He played the role of ‘Gordon’ on the ABC Family series, Falcon Beach, and has guest-starred on numerous television series. Grahame has spent the past two decades working in the film and television industries of the U.S., Canada and UK – playing both Americans and Brits – as well as writing and producing.... Grahame was executive producer of the rock doc, Saturday Night at Morley Gibson's. He produced and wrote The Angel Chronicles, in development with Insight Productions and CTV from 2008 to 2011. He is currently in development on the cop drama, Moon Rising, with Devilishly Good Productions in L.A. Novels Grahame's DARKLY STEWART novel series of dark thrillers about RCMP Constable, Darkly Stewart, is currently out to production companies for television adaptation consideration. Negotiation on a print publisher for the novels is currently underway. Links to film and television credits Notes 1970 births Living people British male film actors Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art Canadian male film actors Canadian male television actors British male television actors\",\n \"title\": \"Grahame Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12091298\",\n \"text\": \"Blackwater () is a rural village in County Wexford, Ireland. It lies mostly within the townland of Ballynaglogh () on the R742 regional road north of Wexford town. Transport Michael Gray operates a route linking the village with Wexford Mondays to Fridays inclusive Bus Éireann route 379 serves the village on Mondays and Saturdays only linking it to Wexford, Gorey and intermediate locations such as Courtown Harbour. Amenities The village has three pubs, Corrigan's, the Blackwater Lodge (which is also a hotel), and Whelan's. It also has a video arcade, a number of supermarkets, a large second-hand furniture store, and a clothes alterations shop. In the 10 years between the 2006 and 2016 census, the population of the village increased from 173 to 339 people. Blackwater has competed in \\\"category B\\\" (places with populations of between 201 and 1000 people) in the national Tidy Towns competition. Blackwater is close to Ballyconnigar beach, a site with one of the highest levels of erosion in the area, due to tidal forces. The stretch of beach from Ballyconnigar to Ballynaclash is used for bathing, walking and fishing. Species of fish encountered around this area include bullhuss, smoothhound, tope, bass, ray, codling, eels, and flounder. Other nearby beaches include Curracloe strand and Ballinesker beach, where the opening scene of the film \\\"Saving Private Ryan\\\" was filmed. Blackwater also has a mobile-home holiday park called 'Abhainn Dubh Mobile home and Leisure Park' which has been open since 1993. Sports The local GAA team is St. Brigid's Blackwater, established in 1885. The hurling team play in the Wexford Intermediate Hurling Championship. The Gaelic football team won the 2009 Wexford Junior Championship. Blackwater has a par 3 golf course which is located outside of the village between Blackwater and Kilmuckridge. The golf course itself was opened in July 1993 although Blackwater Golf Society had its first outing in 1991. Blackwater Golf Course also has a FootGolf course. In popular culture Blackwater served as a setting of Mary Kay Tuberty's 2015 novel Keeper of Coin. Notable people Michael Cash, stonemason Colm Tóibín, writer, holidayed here as a child and has a holiday home nearby. See also List of towns and villages in Ireland References External links Blackwater GAA Blackwater Beach fishing info Towns and villages in County Wexford\",\n \"title\": \"Blackwater, County Wexford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20962501\",\n \"text\": \"Pete Boone, Private Eye is an Australian crime comedy television series created and produced by David Murdoch. The show originally aired on Channel 31, before moving to Aurora on Foxtel. It tells the story of Pete Boone, \\\"Australia’s worst detective\\\" who never correctly solves a case. The series is set in a fictional version West Pennant Hills, called \\\"West Pennant Falls\\\". It currently stars Will Seaman as Pete Boone: he is the sixth actor to lead as the titular character. The show has a cult status, and the 1001st televised episode aired on Aurora on 14 December 2014. Pre-Television Pete Boone (Peter Warner) first appeared in \\\"The Rick Ford Files\\\" series in 1980. In 1988, Boone was spun off into a short film that won the Australian Amateur Cine Society International Film Festival award for Best Video. In 1990, Boone was played by Peter Book in a short film which was later remade for TV. Episodes Season 1 (2002) The 1st season premiered on Channel 31 on 12 August 2002. Jamie McNeil (executive producer) and Strawberry James (director) cast Peter John Attwood as Boone after meeting him in a bar. Boone investigates murders, but inspector Gravel (Mark Pereira) suspects Boone is the serial killer. Dirk Lombarde (Peter Warner) is introduced as Pete’s rival. A series of flashbacks show Boone’s troubled childhood lead him to become a detective. Season 2 (2007) In 2005, the show was moved to Aurora (Foxtel). In 2007, David Murdoch took over directing. The 2nd season premiered on 5 July 2007. Constable O'Flynn (Peter Murkins) forces Gravel to partner with Pete Boone (Peter Love) to solve another series of murders. This season introduces behind the scenes, messages to the fans, and Christmas episodes. Season 3 (2009) The 3rd season premiered on 5 July 2009. Pete Boone and inspector Gravel save the town from zombies, corporate demolition, and a new serial killer. Season 4 (2010) The 4th season premiered on 8 August 2010. This season featured two episodes filmed by the Sydney Science Revue. Boone searches for treasure. Gravel frames and imprisons Boone, who is vindicated with the assistance of Dirk Lombarde. The season ends on a documentary celebrating 30 years of Boone. Season 5 (2013) The 5th season premiered on 14 April 2013. This season was produced by fans, and featured the new animated opening. Gravel is sent back to 1980. After returning to the present, he thwarts a terrorist plot with Boone (Ciaran Magee). The season concludes with Policeman One and Two (James Colley, Felix Marsh-Wakefield) writing their own version of Boone’s origin story. Season 6 (2014) The 6th season premiered on 13 December 2013. Tim Anderson and Ryan O'Malley cameoed as Pete Boone. Boone's office has been left in the hands of a serial killer, Simon (Simon Walker). Simon impersonates Boone as a cover. The Metre send their best agent, Clint Pettifrock (Atlas Adams) to investigate. Simon repeatedly foils Clint Pettifrock. The Metre sends Catherine Marble (Susan Grace Roach) to take over. Season 7 (2016)\",\n \"title\": \"Pete Boone, Private Eye\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1447885\",\n \"text\": \"Multi-Facial is a 1995 American short drama film written, directed, produced, and scored by Vin Diesel, who also stars as a multiracial actor facing various professional and emotional issues. The film is notable for essentially launching Diesel's career as it was noticed by Steven Spielberg, who then watched Diesel's film Strays, which prompted him to give Diesel his first big break by writing a small role specifically for him in Saving Private Ryan (1998). Plot Mike, a struggling actor with a tattooed arm, auditions for an Italian-American role. He delivers an explicit anecdote in a New York Italian accent about getting into a fight with another man in a restaurant for looking at his girlfriend, discovering the man was gay and thus directing his rage at his own girlfriend, beating her up, and feeling surprised that she doesn't call him anymore. The casting director expresses interest and has Mike speak Italian before telling him they'll get back to him. When the director asks Mike where the monologue came from, he says it is a true story that happened to a friend. Mike later calls his manager and complains about the monologue, which was not a true story, saying it was offensive and worrying that it will keep him from getting the role. He wipes the fake tattoo off his arm and goes to his next audition. Mike meets a black actor in the waiting room of an audition for a commercial, and tells him about the audition he just left, again complaining that he thought his monologue was offensive. The actor tells Mike he has just landed a role in an international commercial, but Mike says he refuses to do commercials because no great actors ever did them. Before he can audition, the director tells Mike that his skin is \\\"a little too light\\\" and not to bother auditioning. He suggests Mike audition for a Spanish role in a soap opera instead. Mike goes to another audition and reads with a Cuban accent alongside a Hispanic actress. The two of them are portraying an argument, but when the actress launches into Spanish, Mike is unable to continue. As they leave the audition, the actress calls out Mike for pretending to speak Spanish but still suggests that he try out for a soap opera which is looking for Hispanic actors; Mike says he refuses to do soap operas because no great actors ever did them. He attends another audition, where his scene partner tells him that she really thinks he could do well. Mike does the reading with her in a heavy urban accent, but the casting directors cut the audition short because they are looking for more of a \\\"Wesley type\\\". Mike moves on to another audition, where they are expecting him from a previous audition. The casting director sees on Mike's résumé that he can rap, prompting Mike to launch into a hip-hop routine. He then sits down and delivers a monologue about being a young man watching his\",\n \"title\": \"Multi-Facial\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"444322\",\n \"text\": \"Goodness Gracious Me is a BBC sketch comedy show originally aired on BBC Radio 4 from 1996 to 1998 and later televised on BBC Two from 1998 to 2001. The ensemble cast were four British Indian actors, Sanjeev Bhaskar, Kulvinder Ghir, Meera Syal and Nina Wadia. The show explored British Asian culture, and the conflict and integration between traditional Indian culture and modern British life. Some sketches reversed the roles to view the British from an Indian perspective, and others poked fun at Indian and Asian stereotypes. In the television series, most of the white characters were played by Dave Lamb and Fiona Allen; in the radio series those parts were played by the cast themselves. Some of the white characters were also played by Amanda Holden and Emma Kennedy. The show's title and theme tune is a bhangra rearrangement of the comedy song of the same name, originally performed by Peter Sellers (portraying an Indian doctor, Ahmed el Kabir) and Sophia Loren, reprising their characters from the 1960 film, The Millionairess. Sellers sang the 1960s song in a stereotypical \\\"cod-Indian\\\" accent. (In her 1996 novel Anita and Me, Syal had referred to British parodies of south Asian speech as \\\"a goodness-gracious-me accent\\\".) The cast casually drop Punjabi and Hindi slang phrases into their speech, in the manner of many British Asians living in the UK. The Radio Show won Gold at the Sony Radio Academy Awards in 1997. The TV show won Best Entertainment at the Broadcasting Press Guild Award and the Team Award from the Royal Television Society, UK in 1999. In March 2014, the BBC announced that the show would return with a special episode as part of celebrations of fifty years of BBC Two. An India special was broadcast on BBC Two on 25 August 2015. Parodies and references in the show The Six Million Rupee Man – parodies The Six Million Dollar Man. I Know Him Too Well – parodies the song \\\"I Know Him So Well\\\". Skipinder: The Punjabi Kangaroo – parodies Skippy the Bush Kangaroo. I'm a Punjabi Girl... – parodies Aqua's \\\"Barbie Girl\\\" song. Hindi People – parodies Pulp's \\\"Common People\\\". Club Nirvana – parodies Wham!'s \\\"Club Tropicana\\\". The Marriage Emporium – pays homage to Monty Python's Cheese Shop sketch and \\\"Dead Parrot sketch\\\". Fawlty Turrets – pays homage to Fawlty Towers. The Delhi Tubbies – fictional Asian equivalent of Teletubbies. They Were The Blacked-Up Men – parodies Men in Black. The Bhandari Bunch – parodies The Brady Bunch opening sequence. Channa's Angels – parodies Charlie's Angels Arranged Shag – parodies the arranged marriage Not Saving Private Narayan – parodies Saving Private Ryan Other parodies are based on shows such as Animal Hospital (where members of lower castes take the place of the pets) and Rough Guides (where tourists from India visit and make unpleasant remarks about the United Kingdom). Going for an English One of the best known sketches featured the cast \\\"going out for an English\\\" after a few lassis.\",\n \"title\": \"Goodness Gracious Me (TV series)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14000289\",\n \"text\": \"Golden Trailer Awards1 7th Annual (2006) Best Action: Mission: Impossible III Best Horror: The Exorcism of Emily Rose Summer 2006 Blockbuster: Mission: Impossible III Best of Show: Mission: Impossible III Nominations: 10 trailers 6th Annual (2005) Best Action: War of the Worlds Best Horror: The Amityville Horror Summer 2005 Blockbuster: War of the Worlds Nominations: 9 trailers 5th Annual (2004) Best Horror/Thriller: Dawn of the Dead Nominations: 3 trailers 4th Annual (2003) Best Romance: Secretary * Trashiest: The Rules of Attraction * Nominations: 4 trailers The Hollywood Reporter Key Art Awards2 36th Annual (2007) First Place: Action/Adventure TV Spots: X-Men: The Last Stand First Place: Animation A/V (Trailers & TV Spots): Cars First Place: Horror Trailer: The Hills Have Eyes First Place: International Poster: Paris je t'aime Nominations: 12 35th Annual (2006) nominations and winners not known at this time 34th Annual (2005) nominations and winners not known at this time 33rd Annual (2004) Best of Show Audiovisual: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Action Adventure Trailers The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ** Action Adventure TV Spots The Texas Chainsaw Massacre ** Comedy TV Spots Bringing Down The House ** Internet Advertising Lost in Translation * ** Home Entertainment Consumer TV Spots The Lion King, Special Edition * ** 32nd Annual (2003) nominations and winners not known at this time 31st Annual (2002) First Place: Comedy Trailer Not Another Teen Movie * 29th Annual (2000) Second Place: Comedy Poster Stuart Little * 28th Annual (1999) Best of Show Audio-Visual: Saving Private Ryan * First Place: Drama Trailer Saving Private Ryan * First Place: Teaser Trailer Godzilla * Second Place: Home Video Trailer The Mask of Zorro * Third Place: Teaser Trailer Saving Private Ryan * Third Place: Drama TV Spot Apt Pupil * 27th Annual (1998) Honorable Mention: Teaser Absolute Power * 26th Annual (1997) First Place: Drama TV Spot Jerry Maguire * First Place: Drama Trailer Jerry Maguire * 23rd Annual (1994) Second Place: Action/Adventure TV Spot In the Line of Fire * Third Place: Action/Adventure Trailer In the Line of Fire * Honorable Mention: Action/Adventure Trailer Wolf * 22nd Annual (1993) First Place: Drama TV Spot Bram Stoker's Dracula * Second Place: Action/Adventure TV Spot Stephen King's Sleepwalkers * Third Place: Drama TV Spot Bram Stoker's Dracula * 21st Annual (1992) Second Place: Drama TV Spot The Prince of Tides * PROMAX & BDA Awards3 Home Entertainment 2006 Awards nominations and winners not known at this time Home Entertainment 2005 Awards PROMAX - Promotion and Marketing Categories Gold Award: Movie Campaign Spider-Man 2 * Gold Award: Television Series Campaign Friends Season 7 * Gold Award: Print Ad - Consumer The Aviator * Gold Award: Poster - Promotion Scooby Doo 2 * Gold Award: Print Campaign - Consumer The Last Samurai (U.S.) * Gold Award: Print Campaign - Consumer The Last Samurai (Japan) * Gold Award: Action/Adventure Trailer Spider-Man 2 * Gold Award: In-Store Display Promotion Scooby Doo 2 Merchandiser * Gold Award: New Media Mulan Special Edition DVD Website * Gold\",\n \"title\": \"Trailer Park Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2182062\",\n \"text\": \"The Tasty Sandwich Shop, often called \\\"The Tasty\\\", was a restaurant that operated from 1916 to 1997 near the intersection of JFK Street and Brattle Street, at the center of Harvard Square, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was housed in the Read Block building, on the site of the home of colonial poet Anne Bradstreet. The Tasty closed in 1997, after 81 years in business. Its location was later used by the chain stores Abercrombie & Fitch, then Citizens Bank and, , a CVS Pharmacy. Description The Tasty was a tiny one-room diner and lunch counter, its customer area no more than seven feet wide and thirty feet deep, with a narrow counter made of yellow linoleum. A Harvard Business School student once deemed it \\\"the most profitable restaurant in New England per sq ft\\\", at . The Tasty had 14 stools. On busy nights it would be crammed with around 70 people (from actual head counts) at a time. On these nights between 300 and 400 burgers were served between the hours of midnight and 4:00 AM. A large map, studded with pins, covered the back wall of the diner and claimed to pinpoint the origins of postcards from customers over the years. In keeping with the informal atmosphere of the diner — where the cooks, including Tom Sweet, who managed The Tasty on the graveyard shift until the summer of 1976, and chef Charlie Coney — were sometimes compared to bartenders and frequently chatted with customers. Customers By the end of its existence, The Tasty had attracted both long-time residents and, by virtue both of its proximity to Harvard Yard and its late opening hours, numerous students from Harvard University, and had become one of the few places where students and residents, and residents from different social and economic classes, mixed informally. According to one historian, \\\"you could sit next to a professor on your left, and a homeless person on your right\\\". Media references The Tasty was often referred to in the press as a \\\"local landmark\\\" or \\\"institution\\\", and was immortalized in film during a scene in Good Will Hunting. The scene was shot there on May 23, 1997. It was also used in a scene during Love Story, 1970 movie from Erich Segal's story of a privileged Harvard Law School student (Ryan O'Neal) and his working-class girlfriend (Ali MacGraw). It is also the subject of Federico Muchnik's 2005 documentary, Touching History. Closure Despite a struggle by its owner Peter Haddad, the Tasty's tenancy ended in November 1997. A sign in its window during the move-out stated its lifespan: \\\"81 years. 29,565 days. 5,913,000 people. 422,357 per stool.\\\" Its landlord, the Cambridge Savings Bank, took advantage of the increasing attractiveness of the Harvard Square neighborhood to chain store franchises, which enabled the bank to charge significantly higher rents to tenants who provided greater security. Opposition to the end of the Tasty's tenancy was voiced by a number of groups, including the Harvard Square Defense Fund and brothers\",\n \"title\": \"Tasty Sandwich Shop\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3416964\",\n \"text\": \"The 4th Critics' Choice Movie Awards were presented on January 25, 1999, honoring the finest achievements of 1998 filmmaking. Top 10 films (in alphabetical order) Elizabeth Gods and Monsters Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella) Out of Sight Pleasantville Saving Private Ryan Shakespeare in Love A Simple Plan The Thin Red Line The Truman Show Winners Best Actor: Ian McKellen – Gods and Monsters and Apt Pupil Best Actress: Cate Blanchett – Elizabeth Best Animated Feature: A Bug's Life / The Prince of Egypt (TIE) Best Child Performer: Ian Michael Smith – Simon Birch Best Director: Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Best Family Film: A Bug's Life Best Feature Documentary: Wild Man Blues Best Foreign Language Film: Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella) • Italy Best Picture: Saving Private Ryan Best Picture Made for Television: From the Earth to the Moon Best Score: John Williams – Saving Private Ryan Best Screenplay – Adaptation: A Simple Plan – Scott B. Smith Best Screenplay – Original: Shakespeare in Love – Tom Stoppard and Marc Norman Best Song: \\\"When You Believe\\\" – The Prince of Egypt Best Supporting Actor: Billy Bob Thornton – A Simple Plan Best Supporting Actress: Joan Allen – Pleasantville / Kathy Bates – Primary Colors (TIE) Breakthrough Performer: Joseph Fiennes – Elizabeth and Shakespeare in Love Alan J. Pakula Award (for artistic excellence while illuminating issues of great social and political importance): John Travolta References Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 1998 film awards\",\n \"title\": \"4th Critics' Choice Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"49166731\",\n \"text\": \"Siân Grigg is a Welsh make-up artist. She is best known for her blockbusters and critically acclaimed feature film projects such as Saving Private Ryan (1998), The Aviator (2004), The Departed (2006), Inception (2010) and Django Unchained (2012). Grigg is a BAFTA award winner. At the 58th British Academy Film Awards she won the BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair for her work on The Aviator. In 2016, she received another nomination from BAFTA for Best Makeup and Hair and her first Oscar nomination at 88th Academy Awards in the category of Best Makeup and Hairstyling for her work on the film The Revenant. Her nomination was shared with Duncan Jarman and Robert Pandini. Grigg is a former pupil of Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf, Cardiff Art College and the London College of Fashion, where she studied make-up and hair for film and television. Selected filmography Titanic (1997) Saving Private Ryan (1998) The Aviator (2004) The Departed (2006) Inception (2010) Never Let Me Go (2010) A Little Bit of Heaven (2011) Something Borrowed (2011) J. Edgar (2011)Django Unchained (2012)Ex Machina (2015)The Revenant (2015)Far from the Madding Crowd (2015)Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' (2019) References External links Living people Alumni of Cardiff School of Art and Design Alumni of the London College of Fashion Best Makeup BAFTA Award winners Welsh make-up artists People educated at Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Glantaf Mass media people from Cardiff 21st-century Welsh women artists Year of birth missing (living people)\",\n \"title\": \"Siân Grigg\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15012590\",\n \"text\": \"33rd NSFC Awards January 3, 1999 Best Film: Out of Sight The 33rd National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 3 January 1999, honored the best filmmaking of 1998. Winners Best Picture 1. Out of Sight 2. Affliction 3. Saving Private Ryan Best Director 1. Steven Soderbergh – Out of Sight 2. Terrence Malick – The Thin Red Line 2. Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Best Actor 1. Nick Nolte – Affliction 2. Ian McKellen – Gods and Monsters 3. Brendan Gleeson – The General and I Went Down Best Actress 1. Ally Sheedy – High Art 2. Cate Blanchett – Elizabeth 3. Fernanda Montenegro – Central Station (Central do Brasil) Best Supporting Actor 1. Bill Murray – Rushmore 2. Donald Sutherland – Without Limits 3. Billy Bob Thornton – A Simple Plan Best Supporting Actress 1. Judi Dench – Shakespeare in Love 2. Patricia Clarkson – High Art 3. Lisa Kudrow – The Opposite of Sex Best Screenplay 1. Scott Frank – Out of Sight 2. Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard – Shakespeare in Love 3. Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson – Rushmore Best Cinematography 1. John Toll – The Thin Red Line 2. Janusz Kamiński – Saving Private Ryan 3. Seamus Deasy – The General Best Foreign Language Film 1. Taste of Cherry (Ta'm e guilass) 2. Fireworks (Hana-bi) 3. The Celebration (Festen) Best Non-Fiction Film 1. The Farm: Angola, USA 2. Public Housing 3. Little Dieter Needs to Fly Experimental Film Mother and Son (Mat i syn) Special Citation Walter Murch, Rick Schmidlin, Bob O'Neil and Jonathan Rosenbaum for the re-editing of Orson Welles's Touch of Evil Reprinting of an expanded edition of one of the seminal collections of film criticism, Manny Farber's Negative Space References External links Past Awards 1998 film awards 1998 1999 in American cinema\",\n \"title\": \"1998 National Society of Film Critics Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1248931\",\n \"text\": \"Barry Robert Pepper (born April 4, 1970) is a Canadian-American actor. He played Private Daniel Jackson in Saving Private Ryan (1998), Corrections Officer Dean Stanton in The Green Mile (1999), Roger Maris in 61* (2001), Joseph L. Galloway in We Were Soldiers (2002), Sergeant Michael Strank in Flags of Our Fathers (2006), DEA Agent Cooper in Snitch (2013), Vince in Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015) and Maze Runner: The Death Cure (2018), Lucky Ned Pepper in the remake of the western True Grit (2010) and David Keller in Crawl (2019). He has been nominated for three Screen Actors Guild Awards and a Golden Globe Award. For his role as Robert F. Kennedy in the miniseries The Kennedys (2011), Pepper won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie. Early life and education Pepper was born the youngest of three boys in Campbell River, British Columbia, the son of a lumberjack. When he was five years old, his family set sail in a homemade yacht, navigating through the South Pacific islands for five years. He was educated through correspondence courses and public schools in Polynesia. His family encouraged him to entertain himself through improvisation and acting games while aboard the ship. When the family had finished their travels, they returned to Canada, settling on Denman Island, which his mother's family had called home for five generations. He graduated from Georges P. Vanier Secondary School in 1988. Pepper attended Camosun College after receiving a scholarship for artistic achievement, studying marketing and design. He later moved to Vancouver, where he enrolled in acting classes. He spent four years studying, including at the Gastown Actors Studio, before landing a recurring role on the show Madison. Career Pepper is perhaps best known for his role as the sniper Private Daniel Jackson in Saving Private Ryan. He portrayed Corrections Officer Dean Stanton in The Green Mile, appeared as Frank Slaughtery in Spike Lee's 25th Hour, as journalist Joseph L. Galloway in We Were Soldiers, his role as the human protagonist of the film Battlefield Earth, his depiction of Roger Maris in Billy Crystal's HBO film 61*, as Dale Earnhardt in the ESPN produced film 3: The Dale Earnhardt Story, and as Dan Morris in the film Seven Pounds, with Will Smith. He recently had roles in Casino Jack and the Coen brothers' True Grit. Pepper provided the voice for Alex Mercer, the protagonist of the video game Prototype and the voice for Corporal Dunn, a character in the video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. Pepper won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor for his performance in Battlefield Earth: A Saga of the Year 3000. He has stated that, had he known in advance he was going to win the award, he would have gladly accepted it in person. He also appeared in Jagged Edge's music video for \\\"Goodbye\\\". In 2011, he starred as Robert F. Kennedy in the Canadian-American TV mini-series The Kennedys,\",\n \"title\": \"Barry Pepper\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60091145\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Now That I Found You\\\" is a pop song by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen. It was released as a double A-side single with \\\"No Drug Like Me\\\" on February 27, 2019 by 604, School Boy and Interscope Records, as the second advance single from Jepsen's fourth studio album, Dedicated. \\\"Now That I Found You\\\" was written by Jepsen, Ben Berger, Ryan McMahon, Ryan Rabin and Alexander O'Neill, while production was handled by Captain Cuts and Ayokay. According to Jepsen, \\\"Now That I Found You\\\" and \\\"No Drug Like Me\\\" are about \\\"the giddy sugar rush of opening up to new love\\\" and they \\\"go thematically hand-in-hand\\\". Background \\\"Now That I Found You\\\" was written at a songwriting camp in Nicaragua with Benjamin Berger, Ryan McMahon and Ryan Rabin of production team Captain Cuts and Alexander O'Neill, known professionally as Ayokay, in August 2017. It is a pop and synth-pop song with a \\\"synth-heavy, '80s-inspired sound\\\". Jepsen revealed that she wasn't in love when she wrote the song, and was just imagining how good she wanted to feel. She stated that the track \\\"is about the high you get when a new love starts to change your life\\\". On February 13, 2019, \\\"Now That I Found You\\\" was featured in the teaser trailer for the third season of Queer Eye and the song was made available to pre-save on streaming services. On February 20, 2019, Jepsen revealed the single's cover and release date. On February 21 and 22, 2019, Jepsen released teaser videos with snippets of \\\"Now That I Found You\\\". On February 25, 2019, Jepsen announced that \\\"No Drug Like Me\\\" would be released alongside \\\"Now That I Found You\\\". A teaser video with a snippet of the song was released the following day. On February 27, 2019, \\\"Now That I Found You\\\" made its world premiere on Apple Music's Beats 1 radio as Zane Lowe's World Record. Critical reception Upon its release, \\\"Now That I Found You\\\" was named the Song of the Week by Consequence of Sound. Music critic Anthony Fantano highlighted it as one of the best songs on Dedicated. The Guardian journalist Betty Clarke selected \\\"Now That I Found You\\\" as one of the best tracks of 2019. In October 2022, Rachel Seo of Variety ranked it as Jepsen's eighth best song. Year-end lists Music video The music video for \\\"Now That I Found You\\\" was directed by Carlos López Estrada and Nelson DeCastro, and premiered on March 14, 2019. It shows Jepsen caring for a lost tabby cat, which was portrayed by the celebrity cat, Shrampton. The video contains product placement for Abarth cars, the TikTok app, and Beats headphones, as well as references to the Cats on Synthesizers in Space Instagram account and the final scenes of the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. The idea to use a cat in the video was inspired by an actual cat who was adopted by Jepsen's partner at the time of recording the song's vocals. The singer\",\n \"title\": \"Now That I Found You (Carly Rae Jepsen song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4439115\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Rodat (born c. 1960) is an American film and television writer and television producer. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for writing Steven Spielberg's war epic Saving Private Ryan. Career Rodat wrote Saving Private Ryan (1998), The Comrades of Summer (1992), Tall Tale (1995), Fly Away Home with Vince McKewin (1996), and The Patriot (2000). He worked on the revision of the script for the 2008 film 10,000 BC and helped with the story of 2013 film Thor: The Dark World. Rodat also contributed to a screenplay for a film adaptation of Warcraft, work that was ultimately rebooted with the exit of the film's then-attached director, Sam Raimi. In 2009, Rodat created the TNT science-fiction series Falling Skies, produced by Steven Spielberg. The series did not premiere until summer 2011. Its fifth and final season was broadcast in the summer of 2015. The show is about human survivors of a semi-post apocalyptic world due to an alien invasion. Filmography The Comrades of Summer (1992, television movie) Tall Tale (1995) Fly Away Home (1996) Saving Private Ryan (1998) The Patriot (2000) Thor: The Dark World (2013) The Catcher Was a Spy (2018) Kursk (UK: Kursk: The Last Mission, US: The Command) (2018) References External links 1960s births Living people 20th-century American screenwriters 21st-century American screenwriters American male screenwriters American television producers American television writers American male television writers USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni Year of birth missing (living people) Colgate University alumni Harvard Business School alumni\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Rodat\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"27715118\",\n \"text\": \"The BioShock series is a collection of story-driven first-person shooters in which the player explores dystopian settings created by Ken Levine and his team at Irrational Games. The first two games, BioShock and its direct sequel, BioShock 2, take place in the underwater city of Rapture in 1960 and 1968, which was influenced heavily by Ayn Rand's Objectivism. The third installment, BioShock Infinite, is set aboard the floating air-city of Columbia in 1912, designed around the concept of American Exceptionalism. Though Infinite is not a direct sequel to the previous games, the game is thematically linked; a short scene within the core Infinite game returns to Rapture, while the downloadable content BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea tie in many of the plot elements between BioShock and BioShock Infinite. As a heavily plot-driven series of games, BioShock contains a long list of non-playable characters (NPC) with which the player interacts and which drive the games' respective stories. BioShock Jack Jack is the protagonist of BioShock, whom the player controls throughout the game. He is first seen aboard an airplane, of which crashes near a lighthouse in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean containing a bathysphere terminal providing entry to Rapture. During his journey through Rapture, Jack encounters various gene-altering substances known as Plasmids and Tonics, which he uses to gain powerful abilities to defend himself. Jack experiences strange visions of his family while traveling, but eventually discovers that he is the illegitimate son of Andrew Ryan and singer Jasmine Jolene, \\\"Andrew Ryan's Favorite Girl.\\\" After becoming pregnant, Jasmine sold her fertilized egg to Brigid Tenenbaum, an employee of businessman Frank Fontaine. Fontaine arranged for Jack to undergo genetic conditioning so that he would age rapidly and to follow any order that followed \\\"would you kindly,\\\" a phrase that Atlas uses throughout the game to control the main character and his actions. There are two endings for Jack depending on how many Little Sisters he saved and/or harvested throughout the game: one where he lives out the rest of his life with the Little Sisters he saved, who become his adopted daughters. But due to his rapid aging, he eventually lies on his death bed with all grown and married Little Sisters holding his hand, indicating that Jack died from his accelerated growth. The other ending shows him seizing control of Rapture and becoming just as power-hungry and destructive as Fontaine, hinting that all the ADAM he gathered has corrupted him into a Splicer. In the second part of the BioShock: Infinite DLC, Burial at Sea, it is revealed that the former ending is canon. Andrew Ryan Andrew Ryan (born Andrei Rianofski) is a business magnate who seeks to avoid scrutiny from governments and other forms of oversight, ordered the secret construction of an underwater city, Rapture, where men and women like himself could be free to achieve greatness on their own terms. When Ryan's vision for a utopia in Rapture collapsed into dystopia, he hides himself away and uses armies of\",\n \"title\": \"Characters of the BioShock series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"52496978\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander Burke (born 1983) is an American musician, songwriter, composer, music producer, television producer, writer and actor. From 2013 to 2016 he was the keyboard player for the band Save Ferris. Early life Alexander was born in Los Angeles and grew up in Laguna Beach and Irvine, California with his parents who are both vested in the arts (his father is a well-respected painter and his mother was an art gallery curator before becoming a therapist). His grandmother, Flora Burke, was an accomplished actress (and an early inspiration to Alexander). Alexander always had a passion for music (he was considered a vibraphone prodigy) and while in high school joined Drake Bell’s band Drake 24/7 and went on to perform on the Amanda Show at the Palladium and other high-profile venues around LA and on TV. After high school, he went to Columbia College Chicago, where he became the youngest musical director for the renowned Second City. Alexander was asked to be the musical director for “iO Theater 25 Anniversary Concert DVD” that included performances by Mike Myers, Amy Poehler, Tim Meadows, Andy Dick, Andy Richter and Rich Talarico (Rich later hired Alexander to be the composer of Frank TV on TBS – which would be his first TV gig). While in Chicago he was also busy doing jazz gigs with musicians such as Von Freeman and Chuck Hedges. Career After graduating from Columbia College Alexander moved back to Los Angeles, where he studied at the University of Southern California’s film-scoring post-baccalaureate program. After graduation, he quickly found work in television (being hired as part of the house band for the television pilot for Robert Townsend’s talk show “Night of Townsend” on TBS) where he met Eban Schletter (the composer of “Sponge Bob Square Pants”) and Grant-Lee Phillips (who was also part of the house band) and that relationship led to Alexander playing in Phillips' band. These relationships lead to Alexander and Eban being asked to perform with, and open, for Ryan Gosling and Zach Shields' band Dead Man’s Bones. During this time, Alexander became friends with Monique Powell (the lead singer of the band Save Ferris) through his neighbor Abby Travis (the bass player for The Bangles) and ended up playing on records for both of them and later joining the band Save Ferris. Alexander was a member of Save Ferris when they opened for Gwen Stefani at Irvine Meadows and for Mexico City's infamous Ska Festival. He has also done behind-the-scenes music work, such as being the musical director on the MTV Movie Awards, and co-producing Ben Lee's album Freedom, and the first two Garfunkel and Oates albums. He co-wrote the songs \\\"Back to the Start\\\" for the Iron Man 3 soundtrack, the song \\\"Love You Like This\\\" for the Jason Bateman movie The Gift, the song \\\"Undercover\\\" for the TV series New Girl, the theme song for the Broadway Video series 7 Minutes in Heaven, and the score for the 2017 documentary film Haunters: The Art of the\",\n \"title\": \"Alexander Burke\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3755176\",\n \"text\": \"The 24th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards, honoring the best in film for 1998, were voted on in December 1998. The awards were presented Jan. 20 1999 at the Bel Age Hotel. Winners Best Picture: Saving Private Ryan Runner-up: The Butcher Boy Best Director: Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Runner-up: John Boorman – The General Best Actor: Ian McKellen – Gods and Monsters Runner-up: Nick Nolte – Affliction Best Actress (tie): Fernanda Montenegro – Central Station (Central do Brasil) Ally Sheedy – High Art Best Supporting Actor (tie): Bill Murray – Rushmore and Wild Things Billy Bob Thornton – A Simple Plan Best Supporting Actress: Joan Allen – Pleasantville Runner-up: Kathy Bates – Primary Colors Best Screenplay: Warren Beatty and Jeremy Pikser – Bulworth Runner-up: Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard – Shakespeare in Love Best Cinematography: Janusz Kamiński – Saving Private Ryan Runner-up: Seamus Deasy – The General Best Production Design: Jeannine Oppewall – Pleasantville Runner-up: Dennis Gassner – The Truman Show Best Music Score: Elliot Goldenthal – The Butcher Boy Runner-up: Carter Burwell – Gods and Monsters Best Foreign-Language Film: The Celebration (Festen) • Denmark/Sweden Runner-up: Central Station (Central do Brasil) • Brazil/France Best Non-Fiction Film: The Farm: Angola, USA Runner-up: Public Housing Best Animation: A Bug's Life (feature) T.R.A.N.S.I.T. (short) The Douglas Edwards Experimental/Independent Film/Video Award: Elisabeth Subrin – Shulie New Generation Award: Wes Anderson – Rushmore Career Achievement Award: Julius J. Epstein Abraham Polonsky Special Citation: Rick Schmidlin, Walter Murch, Jonathan Rosenbaum and Bob O'Neil for the restoration of Orson Welles's Touch of Evil Barbara Zicka Smith for her work running the American Cinemateque References External links 24th Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards 1998 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8778766\",\n \"text\": \"Jules Sylvester (born Julian Richard Sylvester; 13 November 1950) is a British wild animal trainer, actor, television presenter and snake wrangler who works in films as well as television. Early life He was born in Devon, England, and raised in Kenya where he was first introduced to snake catching at age 16. He served in the Rhodesia Regiment during the Rhodesian Bush War from 1973-1974. Career He has appeared in numerous television shows including a series of appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and his own 2002 series Wild Adventures. He handled snakes for the films Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Ernest Saves Christmas, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and Snakes on a Plane. He was also a guest on The Bernie Mac Show. He has also made multiple appearances on Spike TV's 1000 Ways to Die, in segments dealing with animal-related deaths. In 2006, he claimed that after 40 years of snake handling he had never been bitten. He also appeared as a snake handler in an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, \\\"Got Murder.\\\" He also professionally trains mammals including rhinos, wolves and lions. In 2012, he appeared in Animal Movers in Episode 2: \\\"The Tortoise and the Hare-Raising Cobra\\\". He transported cobras to Florida. On 19 February 2020, he appeared in Ryan's Mystery Playdate in Season 2 Episode 20, the first segment \\\"Ryan's Jungle Lovin' Playdate\\\". Later that year, Sylvester handled ants on the set of scenes for \\\"The Guy for This\\\", the third episode of the fifth season of Better Call Saul. Personal life He has been married to Sue Sylvester since 1987. Filmography Film Television References External links 1950 births Living people British anti-communists British male film actors British male television actors 20th-century British male actors 21st-century British male actors British television presenters British emigrants to British Kenya White Kenyan people Foreign volunteers in the Rhodesian Security Forces\",\n \"title\": \"Jules Sylvester\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7514292\",\n \"text\": \"The 3rd Golden Satellite Awards, given by the International Press Academy, honored the best in film and television for 1998. Special achievement awards Mary Pickford Award (for outstanding contribution to the entertainment industry) – Alan J. Pakula Outstanding New Talent – Eamonn Owens Motion picture winners and nominees Best Actor – Drama Edward Norton – American History X Stephen Fry – Wilde Brendan Gleeson – The General Derek Jacobi – Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon Nick Nolte – Affliction Ian McKellen – Gods and Monsters Best Actor – Musical or Comedy Ian Bannen – Waking Ned (TIE) David Kelly – Waking Ned (TIE) Warren Beatty – Bulworth Jeff Bridges – The Big Lebowski Michael Caine – Little Voice Robin Williams – Patch Adams Best Actress – Drama Cate Blanchett – Elizabeth Helena Bonham Carter – The Theory of Flight Fernanda Montenegro – Central Station (Central do Brasil) Susan Sarandon – Stepmom Meryl Streep – One True Thing Emily Watson – Hilary and Jackie Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Christina Ricci – The Opposite of Sex Jane Horrocks – Little Voice Holly Hunter – Living Out Loud Gwyneth Paltrow – Shakespeare in Love Meg Ryan – You've Got Mail Best Animated or Mixed Media Film A Bug's Life Antz Mulan The Prince of Egypt The Rugrats Movie Best Art Direction The Truman Show – Dennis Gassner Beloved Elizabeth Pleasantville Shakespeare in Love Best Cinematography The Thin Red Line – John Toll Beloved Pleasantville Saving Private Ryan Shakespeare in Love Best Costume Design Elizabeth – Alexandra Byrne Beloved Ever After Pleasantville Shakespeare in Love Best Director Terrence Malick – The Thin Red Line John Boorman – The General Shekhar Kapur – Elizabeth Gary Ross – Pleasantville Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Best Documentary Film Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life The Cruise The Farm: Angola, USA Kurt & Courtney Public Housing Best Editing Saving Private Ryan – Michael Kahn Beloved Pleasantville Shakespeare in Love The Thin Red Line Best Film – Drama The Thin Red Line Elizabeth The General Gods and Monsters Saving Private Ryan Best Film – Musical or Comedy Shakespeare in Love Little Voice Pleasantville Waking Ned You've Got Mail Best Foreign Language Film Central Station (Central do Brasil), Brazil The Celebration (Festen), Denmark Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella), Italy Only Clouds Move the Stars (Bare skyer beveger stjernene), Norway The Separation (La Séparation), France Best Original Score \\\"The Thin Red Line\\\" – Hans Zimmer \\\"Beloved\\\" – Rachel Portman \\\"City of Angels\\\" – Gabriel Yared \\\"Pleasantville\\\" – Randy Newman \\\"Saving Private Ryan\\\" – John Williams Best Original Song \\\"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing\\\" performed by Aerosmith – Armageddon \\\"Anyone at All\\\" – You've Got Mail \\\"The Flame Still Burns\\\" – Still Crazy \\\"That'll Do\\\" – Babe: Pig in the City \\\"When You Believe\\\" – The Prince of Egypt Best Screenplay – Adapted Gods and Monsters – Bill Condon Beloved – Adam Brooks, Akosua Busia and Richard LaGravenese Hilary\",\n \"title\": \"3rd Golden Satellite Awards\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1195155\",\n \"text\": \"Beach Red is a 1967 World War II film starring Cornel Wilde (who also directed and produced) and Rip Torn. The film depicts a landing by the United States Marine Corps on an unnamed Japanese-held Pacific island. The film is based on Peter Bowman's 1945 novella of the same name, which was based on his experiences with the United States Army Corps of Engineers in the Pacific War. Title During the Allied amphibious operations in World War II, designated invasion beaches were given a codename by color, such as \\\"Beach Red,\\\" \\\"Beach White,\\\" \\\"Beach Blue\\\", etc. There was a \\\"Beach Red\\\" on virtually every assaulted island, in accordance with the standard beach designation hierarchy. Plot The 30-minute opening sequence of the film depicts an opposed beach landing. Its graphic depiction of the violence and savagery of war was echoed years later in Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan. In one scene during the landing, a Marine is shown with his arm blown off, similar to Thomas C. Lea III's 1944 painting The Price. As Americans are shown consolidating their gains, flashbacks illustrate the lives of American and Japanese combatants. Shifting first-person voice-over in a stream-of-consciousness style is also used to portray numerous characters' thoughts. Like Wilde's previous production of The Naked Prey (1965), the film does not use subtitles for characters speaking Japanese. The film contains large sections of voice-over narration, often juxtaposed with still photographs of wives, etc. (who are anachronistically dressed in 1967 attire). Many soldiers in the film shed tears, and the narrative displays an unusual amount of sympathy for the enemy. In one scene, an injured Cliff is lying close to an injured Japanese soldier in a scene paralleling the one from All Quiet on the Western Front with Paul Bäumer and Gérard Duval. Just after the two soldiers bond, other Marines appear and kill the Japanese soldier, distressing Cliff. Director, producer, and co-writer Wilde plays a Marine captain, the company commander. Rip Torn plays his company gunnery sergeant, who utters the film's tagline, \\\"That's what we're here for. To kill. The rest is all crap!\\\" Cast Cornel Wilde - Captain MacDonald Rip Torn - Gunnery Sergeant Honeywell Burr DeBenning - Egan Patrick Wolfe - Cliff Jean Wallace - Julie Jaime Sánchez - Colombo Dale Ishimoto - Captain Tanaka Production Beach Red was filmed on location in the Philippines using troops of the Philippine Armed Forces. The sequence of the Japanese dressed in Marine uniforms was inspired by Bowman's book, which mentions Japanese wearing American helmets to infiltrate American lines. There were no incidents in the Pacific where large numbers of Japanese donned American uniforms and attempted to infiltrate a beachhead. The action, though, is similar in some ways to a large-scale Japanese counterattack and banzai charge conducted on July 7, 1944, on Saipan, which was defeated by U.S. Army troops with heavy losses. When seeking assistance from the U.S. Marine Corps, Wilde was told that due to the commitments of the Vietnam War, all the Corps\",\n \"title\": \"Beach Red\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"29600235\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"WUPHF.com\\\" is the ninth episode of the seventh season of the American comedy television series The Office, and the 135th episode overall. Written by Aaron Shure and directed by Danny Leiner, the episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on November 18, 2010. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees at the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictitious Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) and Michael Scott (Steve Carell) struggle to convince coworkers who have invested in Ryan's startup company that he can make it profitable. Meanwhile, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) hosts a hay festival in the parking lot of the building, distracting him from fulfilling a contract to Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) to have sex. The episode received positive reviews and was nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Episodic Comedy. Synopsis Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) has convinced Michael Scott (Steve Carell), Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson), Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker), Andy Bernard (Ed Helms), and Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) to invest in his startup business, a cross-portal messaging system housed at WUPHF.com. While Ryan touts a planned \\\"investors ski weekend\\\", Michael learns that there is already an offer to buy out WUPHF.com, but also that Ryan only has nine days of funding left before his venture collapses. Ryan's subsequent sales pitch falls apart when he reveals that the potential buyer is the Washington University Public Health Fund, who are only interested in the domain name because it contains their initials, WUPHF. While the others demand that Ryan sell the company, Michael defends him, and because Michael is the majority shareholder in the company, his decision stands. Pam privately tells Michael that Ryan has never viewed Michael as a best friend, and is merely taking advantage of Michael's affection and loyalty for him. Pam reminds Michael that other people have money at stake, and they will all lose money if he and Ryan do not sell the company. Michael is later upset by Ryan when he refuses to have dinner with him, and again when Ryan supports Michael's theoretical plan to get a second mortgage to fund WUPHF.com. While Michael refuses to sell the company, he pressures Ryan to save everyone's money and find a suitable course of action. Ryan, unable to make WUPHF.com profitable, decides to sell the company, to Michael's relief. Meanwhile, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) hosts a hay festival in the parking lot for the Thanksgiving holiday, distracting him from a contractual obligation to have sex with Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) at her request. A frustrated Angela meets a charming, friendly man (Jack Coleman) who is attending the festival with his young son (Griffin Gluck). Angela discovers that he is a widower, and approves when he asks if he can call her sometime. Dwight appoints himself the \\\"Hay Festival King\\\" in the meantime, revealing that the entire purpose of the festival was to exorcise memories from his childhood, where his family would\",\n \"title\": \"WUPHF.com\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"41320181\",\n \"text\": \"10th SLGFCA Awards December 14, 2013 Best Film: 12 Years a Slave Best Director: Steve McQueen12 Years a Slave The nominees for the 10th St. Louis Film Critics Association Awards were announced on December 9, 2013. Winners, runners-up and nominees Best Film 12 Years a Slave Runner-up: American Hustle Gravity Her Nebraska Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor – 12 Years a Slave Runner-up: Matthew McConaughey – Dallas Buyers Club Christian Bale – American Hustle Bruce Dern – Nebraska Michael B. Jordan – Fruitvale Station Best Supporting Actor Jared Leto – Dallas Buyers Club Runner-up: Will Forte – Nebraska Barkhad Abdi – Captain Phillips Michael Fassbender – 12 Years a Slave Harrison Ford – 42 Best Original Screenplay Her – Spike Jonze Runner-up: American Hustle – David O. Russell and Eric Warren Singer Enough Said – Nicole Holofcener Nebraska – Bob Nelson Saving Mr. Banks – Kelly Marcel and Sue Smith Best Cinematography 12 Years a Slave – Sean Bobbitt Runner-up: Gravity – Emmanuel Lubezki The Grandmaster – Philippe Le Sourd The Great Gatsby – Simon Duggan Inside Llewyn Davis – Bruno Delbonnel Nebraska – Phedon Papamichael Best Music Arcade Fire - Her Runner-up (tie): Steven Price - Gravity and Mark Orton - Nebraska Hans Zimmer - 12 Years a Slave Howard Shore - The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug Thomas Newman - Saving Mr. Banks Best Art Direction The Great Gatsby Runner-up: Her 12 Years a Slave The Grandmaster Inside Llewyn Davis Best Foreign Language Film Blue Is the Warmest Colour • France Runner-up Wadjda • Saudi Arabia / Germany A Hijacking • Denmark The Hunt • Denmark No • Chile Best Animated Feature Frozen Runner-up: The Wind Rises The Croods Despicable Me 2 Monsters University Best Scene (favorite movie scene or sequence) 12 Years a Slave: The hanging scene Runner-up: Gravity: Opening tracking shot Captain Phillips: The scene near the end of the film where Tom Hanks is being checked out by military medical personnel and he breaks down. Her: OS sex scene The Place Beyond the Pines: The opening scene where Ryan Gosling is walking through the carnival. Best Director Steve McQueen – 12 Years a Slave Runner-up: Alfonso Cuarón – Gravity Spike Jonze – Her Alexander Payne – Nebraska David O. Russell – American Hustle Best Actress Cate Blanchett – Blue Jasmine Runner-up: Meryl Streep – August: Osage County Amy Adams – American Hustle Sandra Bullock – Gravity Judi Dench – Philomena Emma Thompson – Saving Mr. Banks Best Supporting Actress Lupita Nyong'o – 12 Years a Slave Runner-up: June Squibb – Nebraska Scarlett Johansson – Her Jennifer Lawrence – American Hustle Léa Seydoux – Blue Is the Warmest Colour Best Adapted Screenplay 12 Years a Slave – John Ridley Runner-up: Philomena – Steve Coogan and Jeff Pope Before Midnight – Julie Delpy, Ethan Hawke and Richard Linklater Captain Phillips – Billy Ray Short Term 12 – Destin Daniel Cretton The Spectacular Now – Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber Best Visual Effects Gravity Runner-up: The Hobbit: The\",\n \"title\": \"St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards 2013\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"54261251\",\n \"text\": \"No Good Deed is a 2017 American superhero short film featuring the Marvel Comics character Deadpool. The film was directed by David Leitch from a script by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick, with Ryan Reynolds starring as Deadpool. In No Good Deed, Wade Wilson tries to save an old man from a mugger, but fails because he takes the time to change into his Deadpool costume first. Shortly before the release of the 2017 film Logan, its theatrical runtime was extended by several minutes. This was due to the addition of a Deadpool short film playing before Logan in place of a traditional post-credits scene. The short was filmed in December 2016 and serves as a tease for the feature film Deadpool 2, but is not a trailer for that film. It plays into Deadpool's characteristic humor in several ways, being based on an absurd premise that would not work in a feature film, having fourth wall-breaking references to Logan, making fun of the character Superman, and featuring a cameo by Stan Lee in one version. No Good Deed was originally released by 20th Century Fox in front of Logan on March 3, 2017, and an alternate version of the short was released online by Reynolds the following day. Responses to the short praised it as a tease for Deadpool 2 and for showing that Leitch understands the character ahead of directing that film. Its humor was also highlighted by many critics. Plot Wade Wilson comes across an old man being mugged in an alley, and races to change into his Deadpool costume before he helps the man. As Wilson struggles to get dressed in a nearby phone booth, the man is shot. Wilson emerges, now as Deadpool, only to find the man dead and the mugger long gone. Cast Ryan Reynolds as Deadpool Stan Lee as himself Production David Leitch directed a scene featuring Ryan Reynolds as Deadpool in December 2016, which was believed to be intended as a post-credits scene for the 2017 film Logan. This was meant to tease the film Deadpool 2, which Leitch had been hired to direct a month earlier. However, this report was denied by Reynolds, Logan director James Mangold, and star Hugh Jackman. After Logans runtime was extended by three minutes shortly before its release, there was new speculation that a post-credits scene had been added to tease an upcoming X-Men film, but Mangold denied this again, saying that he wanted to \\\"make a movie that begun and ended on its own terms. There was nothing else to say, because we had said it.\\\" Instead, a Deadpool scene was shown as a teaser for Deadpool 2 before Logan, confirmed to be the scene directed by Leitch in December 2016. It was written by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick, writers of the Deadpool films. After the initial release, Reese quickly clarified that the scene was not intended to be an official trailer for Deadpool 2, with none of its footage meant to appear\",\n \"title\": \"No Good Deed (2017 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11256082\",\n \"text\": \"Saving Private Ryan: Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album for the 1998 film Saving Private Ryan, directed by Steven Spielberg. The album was produced by composer John Williams and distributed by DreamWorks Records. Recorded in Symphony Hall, Boston, Massachusetts, the scores were performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, with two of the ten compositions featuring vocals from the Tanglewood Festival Chorus. The soundtrack runs for just over an hour, while the film itself lasts over two hours. Throughout the compositions, brass (especially French Horns), and strings were used to evoke a variety of emotions and tones. The soundtrack received mixed reviews from critics, but was still nominated for several major awards, of which it won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television. Soundtrack opener \\\"Hymn to the Fallen\\\" received some radio play, in particular on the United States holidays Veterans Day and Memorial Day. The soundtrack was remastered and reissued as a commemorative twentieth anniversary edition by La-La Land Records in 2018. Background Steven Spielberg and John Williams had worked together on fifteen films before Saving Private Ryan (1998). The score was recorded at Symphony Hall in Boston, Massachusetts with the assistance of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. After having recorded the re-edited version of Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) and some of Schindler's List (1993) at Symphony Hall previously, this was the third time Spielberg and Williams worked on a soundtrack at this location. Spielberg chose Symphony Hall as the site for the recording because the hall gives \\\"rich, warm sound off the walls and ceiling\\\" and allows you to \\\"hear the air,\\\" which some soundstages do not allow you to do. Spielberg stated he chose to work with the Boston Symphony Orchestra because the film deals with a \\\"company of soldiers\\\" and the orchestra was an \\\"experienced company of musicians.\\\" Over the course of a three-day period in February 1998, the score for the film was recorded at a rate of around $100,000 an hour. Spielberg and Williams both watched a rough cut of the film to determine what scenes would have music. The two decided to leave music out of the fighting sequences, in favor of playing it over long sequences of eight to nine minutes that lack action. The playing of music between fighting sequences gives a moment of reflection for what happened. Tom Hanks came to a portion of the recording session and read the Bixby letter – which appears in the movie – to the orchestra at the behest of Williams. This caused the musicians to shuffle their feet in appreciation. Williams chose to use different families and types of instruments to convey and evoke certain tones within the score. String instruments were chosen to provide a warm sound, brass instruments were utilized for \\\"solemn\\\" sections of the pieces, and horn instruments were used to give off a pensive tone. Military drums were used largely in the piece entitled \\\"Hymn\",\n \"title\": \"Saving Private Ryan (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5128118\",\n \"text\": \"The Niland brothers were four American brothers of Irish descent from Tonawanda, New York, who served in the military during World War II. They were sons of Mr and Mrs Michael C. Niland. Two survived the war, but for a time, only one, Frederick \\\"Fritz\\\" Niland, was believed to have survived. After the reported deaths of his three brothers, Fritz was sent back to the United States to complete his service, and only later learned that his brother Edward, missing and presumed dead, was actually captive in a Japanese POW camp in Burma. Brothers Technical Sergeant Edward Francis Niland (December 22, 1912 – February 28, 1984), U.S. Army Air Forces: Imprisoned in a Japanese POW camp in Burma, he was captured on May 16, 1944, and liberated on May 4, 1945. After Edward's B-25 Mitchell was hit, he parachuted and wandered through the Burmese jungle before being taken prisoner. Edward lived in Tonawanda until his death in 1984 at the age of 71. Second Lieutenant Preston Thomas Niland (March 6, 1915 – June 7, 1944), 29, 22nd Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division, was killed in action on June 7, 1944, in Normandy, at the Crisbecq Battery. Technical Sergeant Robert Joseph \\\"Bob\\\" Niland (February 2, 1919 – June 6, 1944), 25, D Company, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division was killed in action on June 6, 1944 in Normandy. He volunteered to stay behind with Corporal James Kelly and hold off a German advance while his company retreated from Neuville-au-Plain. He was killed while manning his machine gun; Corporal James Kelly survived. Sergeant Frederick William \\\"Fritz\\\" Niland (April 23, 1920 – December 1, 1983), H Company, 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division: Fritz was close friends with Warren Muck and Donald Malarkey, from E Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. Fritz fought through the first few days of the Normandy campaign. Nine days following D-Day, Fritz had gone to the 82nd Airborne Division to see his brother, Bob. Once he arrived at division, he was informed that Bob had been killed on D-Day. Fritz was shipped back to England, and finally, to the U.S., where he served as an MP in New York until the completion of the war. Fritz was awarded a Bronze Star for his service. This story is evidenced in Stephen Ambrose's book Band of Brothers, as well as from biographical data on Francis L. Sampson. Private James Ryan in the film Saving Private Ryan is loosely based on him. Fritz died in 1983 in San Francisco at the age of 63. Fritz married Marilyn Hartnett Batt and they had two daughters, Catherine (Cate) and Mary. Memorials In popular culture Steven Spielberg's 1998 film Saving Private Ryan is loosely based on the brothers' story. See also Bixby letter Borgstrom brothers Sullivan brothers Rogers brothers Brothers von Blücher, Germany's counterparts to the Niland/Sullivan Brothers Cervi Brothers Sole Survivor Policy References Saving Private Ryan Online Encyclopedia Saving Private Ryan a real-life drama\\\" by Ron Churchill, University\",\n \"title\": \"Niland brothers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11859513\",\n \"text\": \"Harrison Richard Young (March 13, 1930 – July 3, 2005) was an American character actor. He is known for playing the elderly Ryan in Saving Private Ryan. Career Young gained recognition for his role as the elderly Private James Ryan in Steven Spielberg's war epic Saving Private Ryan (1998). Having starred in over 100 films and television episodes, Young's other credits include Passions, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and Rob Zombie's House of 1000 Corpses. Filmography 1991: Down Home (TV Series) as Lenny 1991: Reasonable Doubts (TV Series) as Drunk 1992: Waxwork II: Lost in Time as James Westbourne 1992: Guncrazy as Mr. Hickok, Howard's Dad 1992: A Child Lost Forever: The Jerry Sherwood Story (TV Movie) as Neighbor 1993: The Micronots! (TV Series) as Montgomery 1994: Marilyn, My Love 1995: ER (TV Series) as Parmelli 1996: Erotic Confessions (TV Series) as Roger Goodman, Department Store Owner 1996: Humanoids from the Deep (TV Movie) as Sergeant 1996: Children of the Corn IV: The Gathering (Video) as Drifter 1996: Ned and Stacey (TV Series) as Mr. Palmer 1996: Boston Common (TV Series) as Homeless Man 1997: The Night That Never Happened as Dad 1997: Click (TV Series) as Senator Gyrgich 1997: Butterscotch (TV Series) as Smiley 1997: True Vengeance (Video) as Sam Brown 1997: Law & Order (TV Series) as Gus 1997: Melrose Place (TV Series) as Drunk 1997: The Game as Obsequious Executive 1997: Total Security (TV Series) as Waiter #1 1997: Expose as Councilman Kaye 1997: Madam Savant as County Judge 1998: Second Skin 1998: Running Woman as Old Man 1998: The Opposite of Sex as Medical Examiner 1998: How to Make the Cruelest Month as Helpful Drunk 1998: Primary Colors as Sam 1998: Champions as Senator Able 1998: Saving Private Ryan as Old James Ryan 1998: Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV Series) as Old Man 1998: Beverly Hills, 90210 (TV Series) as Grandpa Ed Taylor 1999: Blast from the Past as Bum 1999: Sliders (1 episode) as Henry Nichols 1999: Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (TV Series) as Vagrant 1999: Yonggary as Dr. Wendel Hughes 1999: Work with Me (TV Series) as Sullivan 1999: Durango Kids as Uncle Gus 1999: Witness Protection (TV Movie) as Mr. O'Connor, Cindy's Father 1999: Ugly Naked People Bob, Tour Guide 2000: Providence (TV Series) as Monroe Ellison 2000: The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle as General Foods 2000: Crocodile (Video) as Sheriff Bowman 2000: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (TV Series) as Judge Cohen 2000: Starforce as Wizened Council Member 2000: The Norm Show (TV Series) as Simon 2000: The Beach Boys: An American Family (TV Mini-Series) as Buddy Wilson 2000: Blue Shark Hash as Captain Jack 2001: Passions (TV Series) as Palmer Harper 2001: The Korean War (TV Series) as President Eisenhower 2001: Red as Kidnapper 2001: The West Wing (TV Series) as Senator Grissom 2002: 7th Heaven (TV Series) as Frank 2002: Bubba Ho-tep as Elvis' Roommate 2002: Demon Under Glass (Video) as James Conroy 2002: Trance as Henry Santorini 2002: Ken Park\",\n \"title\": \"Harrison Young\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20493084\",\n \"text\": \"Ryan Clayton Bank (born April 27, 1981) is an Emerging Technology Expert and Social Innovation Evangelist. Bank is the Founder of Social Intelligence Corporation, a start-up company that enables governments and corporate clients to gather Social and Open Source Intelligence. Besides advising governments and corporations on the use of Emerging Technology, Bank is also a featured speaker both nationally and internationally on the organizational value of Innovation. Prior to founding Social Intelligence Corporation, Bank was an award-winning television producer, new media expert and President of Clayton Entertainment, a Chicago, Illinois based media production and distribution company. Early life Bank is the son of Charles Nicky Bank, a financial industry executive, and Charlotte Bank, a homemaker. He attended Bannockburn Elementary School and then Deerfield High School (Illinois) in Deerfield, Illinois, where he first started in media production. While in high school, he received numerous national and international media awards. Ryan Bank graduated cum laude from the School of Communications through the School of Continuing Studies of Northwestern University where he was inducted into the Alpha Sigma Lambda society. Clayton Entertainment Ryan Bank served as the president of Clayton Entertainment, a media production company based in Chicago, Illinois. Clayton Entertainment was founded as a media production company and has worked on projects ranging from music videos, television programs, media production and now New Media. Clayton Entertainment has become involved with the production and distribution of new media projects with platforms such as Hulu. A Private War In 2001, Bank produced a documentary and feature film, A Private War, about the life of Dr. Eugene Lazowski. Lazowski saved the lives of about 8,000 Jews in the town of Rozwadów as well as in surrounding villages by creating a fake typhus epidemic during World War II. He used medical science to save Jews and other Poles from being deported to the Nazi concentration camps. Haiti earthquake Bank developed a system for the United States Coast Guard that used social media monitoring to find survivors after the 2010 Haiti earthquake in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Based on an extensive set of tools — including the remarkable work of several NGOs and Private Volunteer Organizations — he was able to monitor hundreds of thousands of messages coming from Haiti, looking for those that needed immediate rescue. Upon receiving distress messages, Bank worked with military responders to coordinate message traffic with information from other sources. Ultimately, this intelligence would be passed to commanders in the field and rescue teams were launched to the location. References External links Personal Site Social Intelligence Corp Site Living people 1981 births People from Lake Forest, Illinois People from Bannockburn, Illinois\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Bank\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20236382\",\n \"text\": \"The Flyin' Ryan Brothers is an American progressive rock band that formed in Illinois in 1995. It comprises two brothers, Jimmy and Johnny, who between them contribute guitars, bass, drums, keyboards, vocals and many other instruments. History Jimmy and Johnny began playing guitar in the late-1960s, at the ages of 14 and 12 respectively. Influenced by their parents—mother Virginia was a pianist, father Edward was a vocalist—they received no formal music training and had joined bands by 1971. After hearing progressive rock band Wishbone Ash (notable for featuring two lead guitarists) on the radio in 1973, the brothers formed a similar band with local musicians by the name of Westfall. They progressed from playing local clubs to having their first studio session and recording their first two tracks, \\\"Everything I Could Ask For\\\" and \\\"Sunshine Daydream\\\", in a short space of time, developing their double lead style along the way. Other bands they played in through the 1970s include Axis, Nutcracker and Freeze, opening for such famous acts as Kiss, Styx, Survivor, Head East and The Beach Boys. During the 1980s, as the music scene was changing to focus on disco, the brothers began to work separately as session musicians, solo artists and with other bands. It was during this time that Jimmy recorded his solo album Finally and Johnny began building his own studio, known as The Garage, where he also began recording his own music. After some years the brothers reunited, and in 1996 released their debut album, Sibling Revelry, which featured guest appearances from guitarists Michael Angelo Batio and Tommy Dziallo. The Brothers' second album, Colorama, was released in 1999, which featured more guest musicians (in addition to Batio and Dziallo), namely vocalists Jim \\\"Mudpuppy\\\" Wiley, Nick Cortese and Johnny Mrozek. The band's official website was created in February 2000, a process which Johnny values highly, claiming \\\"The internet saved us ... without it, we could have never hoped for more than a regional awareness of our music ... we've established contacts and expanded our fan base across the entire planet.\\\" Legacy was released in 2002, followed by Blue Marble and Totality in 2005 and 2008 respectively. Under the Influence, their last album, was released in 2012. In addition to these releases, Jimmy has released a number of solo albums. He released Finally in 1989 (reissued in 1999), Truth Squad – Superkiller in 2003, 21st Century Riffology in 2017, Astral Café in 2021 and The Healing Guitar in 2022. DiscographySibling Revelry (1996)Colorama (1999)Legacy (2002)The Chaos Sampler (2003)Blue Marble (2005)Totality (2008)Under the Influence (2011) Jimmy Ryan Solo Finally (1999)Truth Squad – Superkiller (2003)21st Century Riffology (2017)Astral Café (2021)The Healing Guitar'' (2022) References External links Official site Musical groups established in 1995 Progressive rock musical groups from Illinois Streamwood, Illinois People from Cook County, Illinois Sibling musical duos\",\n \"title\": \"The Flyin' Ryan Brothers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"72522276\",\n \"text\": \"Beatrice Judd Ryan (née Beatrice Bromfield; c.1880–December 1, 1966) was an Australian-born American gallerist, art dealer, curator, arts philanthropist, and poet. She was best known for her work in prompting modern art, as a founding director of Galerie Beaux Arts in San Francisco, and as an organizer of the 1940 \\\"Art in Action\\\" program at the Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE). She was nicknamed \\\"Mrs. San Francisco\\\", for her tirelessly support of West Coast artists. Biography Beatrice Judd Ryan was born c. 1880 in Melbourne, Australia to parents Mary (née Ware) and Davenport Bromfield. In 1882, when she was a toddler, her family moved to California and settled in San Mateo County. Her mother established the first Christian Science Church on the peninsula (in the San Francisco Bay Area). Ryan was a graduate of Castilleja School, a private preparatory high school in Palo Alto; and a graduate of Stanford University, where she majored in English (AB degree, 1902). She did not have formal education in art history or art. In 1906, she married Arthur Judd Ryan, a classmate. Together they had two children and settled in New York City. After her husband's death, the family moved to San Francisco. She was the founding director of Galerie Beaux Arts, a cooperative nonprofit gallery on Maiden Lane in San Francisco, active from 1925 to 1933. Maynard Dixon was also involved with the gallery in providing guidance. Their mission was to show modernist art, this was the first contemporary art gallery in the city. An image of Ryan is painted into the park scene (in the far left, sitting in the artist group) in the Beach Chalet murals (1936), by Lucien Labaudt. During the Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE) in 1939 to 1940, Ryan served as the State Director of Exhibitions, and she organized the \\\"Art in Action\\\" program. In 1945, she worked at the Rotunda Gallery at the City of Paris store in San Francisco. After her death in 1966, she bequeathed money to multiple museums in San Francisco the \\\"Beatrice Judd Ryan Bequest Fund purchase\\\", with the clause that the museum had to regularly buy West Coast modern art for their collections. Publications References External links Oral history interview with Beatrice Judd Ryan, 1964 February 2 from Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution 1880s births 1966 deaths Australian emigrants to the United States Castilleja School alumni Stanford University alumni American art dealers American women curators American art curators People from Melbourne Women art dealers\",\n \"title\": \"Beatrice Judd Ryan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"45451649\",\n \"text\": \"Bound is a 2015 American erotic thriller film written and directed by Jared Cohn and starring Charisma Carpenter and Daniel Baldwin. It was produced by The Asylum. Plot Michelle Mulan, an attractive woman in her forties, is a real estate broker who has recently been promoted at a failing firm. Although she is fully qualified for her new position, she was promoted because of her father, Walter's, status as chairman. While other executives want to sell the firm, she thinks it would be more of an advantage for her father's company to merge with a larger firm. Despite unfulfilled sexual desires, Michelle does not cheat on her boyfriend George. As a single mother, she struggles to raise her teenage daughter, Dara, who wants more freedom in her life. Michelle takes Dara to a local restaurant dinner one evening, where she meets a man named Ryan Black, 15 years younger than she, who becomes enamored of her. After dropping Dara off at home, Michelle returns to the restaurant, where Ryan tries to seduce her. She fends him off, but accepts his telephone number. Although, initially, she decides not to meet him, but the next day, after the merger is authorized, she does meet with him. After rejecting a marriage proposal from George, Michelle goes out with Ryan. On their date, he introduces her to the world of BDSM, after which Michelle cheats on George. After breaking up with George, Michelle begins to date Ryan, easily giving in to his dominating personality. Falling in love, Michelle begins to call Ryan her \\\"master\\\" and refers to herself as a \\\"messy whore.\\\" At a benefit dinner, Ryan begins to insult Michelle's client, Jesse Aaron, and to operate a vibrator egg she is wearing while she is with Jesse. Still, Michelle manages to get Jesse to consider a merger. Michelle decides to learn more about being dominated and quickly finds that she enjoys submitting to Ryan's will. She learns that Ryan has a criminal record. She continues to try to negotiate a merger deal with Jesse Aaron in order to save her father's firm and continues to see Ryan, surrendering to him completely, while learning more and more about the submissive lifestyle. Along the way, she also learns how to become a dominant, and a woman at a BDSM club warns her that Ryan is a predator. Unknown to her, Ryan also rapes Dara and has made her a submissive. Seeing this, Michelle finally throws off Ryan's bonds and uses her new-found sexual prowess to take control of her life. Ryan assaults her when she confronts him at his loft about his grooming and rape of Dara, but Michelle knocks him unconscious with a camera tripod. She takes him to his private dungeon and binds him, turning him into her submissive. After torturing Ryan, Michelle turns him over to the police for raping her underage daughter. With her newfound confidence, Michelle seals the deal with Jesse Aaron and the merger of Walter's company to Jesse's\",\n \"title\": \"Bound (2015 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"52464994\",\n \"text\": \"Save Yourself is a 2015 horror-thriller directed by Ryan M. Andrews. The film stars Tristan Risk (American Mary) and Jessica Cameron and was released on 28 November 2015. The film won Best Horror Feature at the 2016 Bare Bones International Film Festival and was inspired by a road trip director Ryan M. Andrews took with writing partner Chris Cull, from Toronto to Oklahoma. Premise Five female filmmakers en route to Los Angeles to a screening of their new horror film, experience real life terror when their paths cross with a maniacal scientist. Reception The Toronto Film Scene says, \\\"Director and co-writer Ryan M. Andrews has crafted the perfect kind of straight-up horror film that many viewers will remember growing up on...\\\" References External links 2015 films Canadian horror thriller films English-language Canadian films 2010s English-language films 2010s Canadian films\",\n \"title\": \"Save Yourself (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14293551\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Stop and Stare\\\" is the second single by American band OneRepublic from their debut studio album, Dreaming Out Loud (2007). \\\"Stop and Stare\\\" was released to American radio on November 27, 2007, and British radio on December 16, 2007, reaching number-one and to Australian radio on December 17, 2007, reaching number one as well following up on the global success of the previous top ten single \\\"Apologize\\\". The single was released on March 3, 2008, in the United Kingdom. \\\"Stop and Stare\\\" has sold over two million digital downloads worldwide. The song starts off with an acoustic guitar riff accompanied by a ringing electric guitar background fill. Both continue throughout the entire song. The song gradually builds up, with bass and drums coming in, as the song approaches the prechorus, before erupting into an emotional chorus led by Ryan Tedder's vocals and carried along by the full band. The song climaxes at the bridge, with Tedder's falsetto and an electric guitar tremolo background. In live versions, guitarist Drew Brown plays a tremolo guitar solo during the bridge portion instead of the original recording. Critical reception Nick Levine of Digital Spy described the song as \\\"a big, muscular rock ballad, very much in the Matchbox 20 mould, steered by a vein-poppingly emotional vocal from lead singer Ryan Tedder\\\". Music video The official music video for \\\"Stop and Stare\\\" premiered on MTV's TRL on January 28, 2008. The video was directed by Anthony Mandler. The video was filmed in the desert of Palmdale, California at an old gas station/motel. Throughout the video we see flashes of scenes with multiple versions of the band members Ryan Tedder, Zach Filkins, Eddie Fisher, Brent Kutzle, and Drew Brown. As the video begins, we see Ryan walking through the desert toward an open grave where a preacher stands delivering a eulogy. As he walks, we see flashes of scenes with Ryan completely submerged in a bathtub while fully clothed, in motel room #7 staring at a television displaying static, ringing the service bell at the motel desk, and sitting and waiting in the motel lobby. More Ryans are seen wandering around the motel, and again in motel room #7 leaning against the wall listening, while yet another Ryan is seen frantically driving a car with a pregnant woman in the back seat about to give birth. The Ryan standing at the open grave splits into two Ryans with one Ryan staying by the grave appearing to pray, while the second Ryan walks back toward the motel. At one point, we see the band in motel room #13 performing the song and Ryan entering the room and joining them. Outside the motel, people from all walks of life have been gathering. Among them are Ryan, Zach, Eddie, Brent and Drew. They are all just standing outside the motel, staring. Many of these scenes repeat and continue to flash back and forth, culminating in a scene where the Ryan driving the car comes to a screeching halt almost\",\n \"title\": \"Stop and Stare\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21634253\",\n \"text\": \"Ian Bryce (born 1956) is an English film producer. Starting as a production assistant on Return of the Jedi in 1983, he has since served as a producer for films including Twister, Saving Private Ryan, The Island, Spider-Man, Transformers, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. According to The Numbers, his films have grossed $7 billion worldwide—making him the 14th highest-grossing film producer as of . Career Bryce has won and been nominated for many awards, including multiple Golden Globe Awards, Academy Awards and BAFTA nominations for his work as a producer. For Steven Spielberg's World War II drama Saving Private Ryan, he won a Golden Globe Award and nominations from the Academy Awards and BAFTA. The latter film was the second-highest grossing film of 1998. Almost Famous, another Bryce production, received a BAFTA for Best Film in 2000. Bryce co-produced each the films in the Michael Bay Transformers series, one of the highest-grossing film franchises of the 21st century. Personal life Bryce grew up in Bristol, England, but moved to the US as a young adult. After marrying his wife Taylor, they moved to Los Angeles. They have two kids, Mac Bryce, and Alex Bryce. Filmography Producer The Beverly Hillbillies (1993) Twister (1996) Hard Rain (1998) Saving Private Ryan (1998) Almost Famous (2000) Spider-Man (2002) Tears of the Sun (2003) The Island (2005) Transformers (2007) Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011) Pain & Gain (2013) World War Z (2013) Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014) Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (2016) War Machine (2017) Transformers: The Last Knight (2017) 6 Underground (2019) Finding 'Ohana (2021) Ambulance (2022) Executive producer Speed (1994) Hancock (2008) Associate producer Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (1985) Howard the Duck (1986) Batman Returns (1992) Production manager Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) Field of Dreams (1989) The Rocketeer (1991) Other credits See also List of accolades received by Almost Famous 1998 in film References External links \\\"PRODUCED BY 2009\\\" (Producers Guild of America) 1956 births English film producers English emigrants to the United States Living people People from Totnes\",\n \"title\": \"Ian Bryce\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18096774\",\n \"text\": \"Arthur St. John Ryan (18 July 1935 – 8 July 2019) was an Irish businessman who was the founder, chairman, and chief executive of Primark. The business was founded as Penneys and continues to trade under that name in the Republic of Ireland. Early life Arthur Ryan was born the son of a Cork-born insurance clerk in 1935, and went to the Synge Street CBS in Dublin after moving to the city with his family. After emigrating to London, he entered the genteel world of gentlemen's tailoring as a tie buyer at Swan & Edgar. He also worked for London fashion wholesaler Carr & McDonald. From there, he returned to Dublin and a job at Dunnes Stores in Cornelscourt. Business career Ryan opened the first Penneys shop on Mary Street in Dublin in 1969. Subsequently, in 1974, he took the model to Britain under the new brand-name Primark to avoid legal problems with US chain JC Penney. The major turnaround came in 2005, when Primark acquired a huge portfolio of Littlewoods stores. Meanwhile, close attention to catwalk trends made it chic as well as cheap. It went from being the \\\"shop that nobody admitted going to\\\" to a Mecca for celebrity shoppers. It now accounts for over a third of parent company Associated British Foods' (ABF) operating profits. In 2009, Ryan gave up his day-to-day control of the firm as chief executive but became chairman instead. Personal life Arthur St John Ryan was married to the former entertainer (The Swarbriggs/Alma Carroll) and had a daughter Jess Ryan. Ryan additionally had four children from his first marriage, Colin, Barry, Arthur and Alison Ryan. He was an intensely private man, living in one of Dublin's best-protected houses, he never gave interviews and was rarely seen in public without bodyguards. His great fear was kidnap – a real enough threat for Irish retail magnates during the Troubles. In 1981, the IRA snatched department store boss Ben Dunne; two years later, they tried to kidnap Galen Weston, scion of the Canadian family behind Primark's owner, food and retail conglomerate Associated British Foods (ABF). Ryan took no chances. \\\"His daily schedule is kept secret from all but his closest aides.\\\"[5] Ryan's son, Barry, who was 51, died while attempting to save his son and his son's girlfriend from drowning during a freak accident on 30 June 2015. Barry's son and his girlfriend also died during the rescue bid. Death Ryan died of a short illness on 8 July 2019, 10 days before his 84th birthday. References 1935 births 2019 deaths Businesspeople from County Dublin Irish businesspeople in fashion People educated at Synge Street CBS 20th-century Irish businesspeople\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Ryan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8394133\",\n \"text\": \"Maximilian Carlo Martini (born December 11, 1969) is an American actor, writer, and director known for his roles as Corporal Fred Henderson in Saving Private Ryan, Wiley in Level 9, First Sergeant Sid Wojo in The Great Raid, and as Master Sergeant Mack Gerhardt in the CBS military drama television series The Unit. He also starred in the film 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi as Mark Geist. Career Film After college, Martini found steady work in film and television projects. His film roles include co-starring opposite Jodie Foster in Robert Zemeckis's Contact as Willie, a fellow scientist with an affinity for brightly colored shirts, and sharing the screen with Tom Hanks and Matt Damon in Saving Private Ryan as Corporal Henderson, ranking NCO of Pfc. James Ryan's unit, who helped Cpt. John H. Miller and his men in the brutal final shootout of the film. Martini later co-starred in John Dahl's The Great Raid as 1st Sgt. Sid Wojo. He appeared in smaller independent films, working with Calista Flockhart in Jane Doe, Chris Penn and Jeffrey Wright in Cement and in the 2000 Sundance Film Festival fave Backroads. In 1999, Martini wrote, co-directed and starred in Desert Son. His younger brother, Christopher, co-directed the film with him, and his sister, Michelle, served as costume designer. He had a recurring role in the ABC drama Castle. In 2011, the Noor Iranian Film Festival in Los Angeles invited him to participate as an official festival judge. In 2013, he played the role of the U.S. Navy SEAL commander in Paul Greengrass's Academy Award-nominated film Captain Phillips. In 2013, Guillermo del Toro cast Martini and Rob Kazinsky as the Australian father-son pilot duo in Pacific Rim. In 2014, Martini was cast in Legendary Pictures' supernatural thriller Spectral. Martini played Christian Grey's bodyguard in the film Fifty Shades of Grey (2015), and its two sequels. In 2016, Martini portrayed Mark \\\"Oz\\\" Geist in Michael Bay's 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi. Martini made his directorial debut in 2019 with a military drama. Sgt. Will Gardner, in which he also starred as Sgt. Will Gardner. Television and theater Martini's television credits include a lead role in the Sci-fi Channel's Emmy nominated mini-series Taken and appearances as Agent Steve Goodrich on the second season of 24. He was also cast in X-Files creator Chris Carter's Harsh Realm, and had a recurring role in the Canadian series Da Vinci's Inquest. He also appeared in Lie to Me. After memorable guest-star turns in popular series, including Numb3rs, Walker Texas Ranger, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and CSI: Miami, Martini landed a lead role in The Unit, a series about a tier-1 US Army special operations team created by David Mamet and produced by Shawn Ryan of The Shield. Martini remains active in the theater, having co-founded the Theatre North Collaborative in New York City, a company of American and Canadian actors dedicated solely to producing new works from both sides of the border. In 2011, he\",\n \"title\": \"Max Martini\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"55130027\",\n \"text\": \"Martin Hub (born 13 March 1964) is a Czech character actor, best known for his portrayals of immigrants with broken English, soldiers, secret agents and bodyguards. As a professional stuntman, he is best known for his work in James Cameron's Titanic, Saving Private Ryan, and Gladiator. Life and career A lifelong native of the Prague, Czech Republic, in high school Hub was an active athlete, playing football and handball, threw javelin, balls, disk, and boxing. He attended the Czech stunt school, Jaroslav Toms, and made his film debut in Field Field in 1986. He later appeared in such blockbuster movies as Titanic, playing a non-English speaking Slovak father who goes down with the ship with his son in his arms, a Czech soldier in Saving Private Ryan, and was Russell Crowe's official stuntman in Gladiator. Hub acts in the stunt group of Filmka and coordinates and teaches stunts professionally. Filmography Cool Runnings (1993) – Czech Bobsled Driver Titanic (1997) – Slovakian Father Saving Private Ryan (1998) – Czech Wehrmacht Soldier Hannibal Rising (2007) – Lothar Life is Life (2015) – Pirate Pěstírna (2017) – Šembera References External links 1964 births Czech male film actors Czech male television actors Czech stunt performers Living people Male actors from Prague 20th-century Czech male actors 21st-century Czech male actors\",\n \"title\": \"Martin Hub\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Omaha Beach"],"string":"[\n \"Omaha Beach\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":53,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_31339"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the king in season 7 of game of thrones"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"713577","text":"A Game of Thrones is the first novel in A Song of Ice and Fire, a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin. It was first published on August 1, 1996. The novel won the 1997 Locus Award and was nominated for both the 1997 Nebula Award and the 1997 World Fantasy Award. The novella Blood of the Dragon, comprising the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel, won the 1997 Hugo Award for Best Novella. In January 2011, the novel became a New York Times Bestseller and reached No. 1 on the list in July 2011.{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Ihsan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2011-07-10/mass-market-paperback/list.html |title=The New York Times Bestseller List |date=10 July 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2011-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707124451/http://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2011-07-10/mass-market-paperback/list.html |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=live }} In the novel, recounting events from various points of view, Martin introduces the plot-lines of the noble houses of Westeros, the Wall, and the Targaryens. The novel has inspired several spin-off works, including several games. It is also the namesake and basis for the first season of Game of Thrones, an HBO television series that premiered in April 2011. A paperback TV tie-in re-edition was published in March 2013, titled Game of Thrones. PlotA Game of Thrones follows three principal storylines simultaneously. In the Seven Kingdoms Upon the death of Lord Jon Arryn, the principal advisor to King Robert Baratheon, Robert recruits his childhood friend Eddard \"Ned\" Stark, now Warden of the North, to replace Arryn as Hand of the King, and to betroth his daughter Sansa to Robert's son Joffrey. Ned accepts the position when he learns that Arryn's widow Lysa believes he was poisoned by Robert's wife Queen Cersei Lannister and her family. Shortly thereafter, Ned's son Bran discovers Cersei having sex with her twin brother Jaime Lannister, who throws Bran from the tower to conceal their affair, leaving him comatose and paralyzing his legs. Ned leaves his castle Winterfell and departs for the capital city, King's Landing, bringing along his daughters Sansa and Arya. Upon arriving in King's Landing to take his post as Hand, Ned finds that Robert is an ineffective king whose only interests are hunting, drinking, and womanizing. At Winterfell, an assassin attempts to kill Bran while he is unconscious, and Ned's wife Catelyn travels to King's Landing to bring word to Ned. Catelyn's childhood friend, Petyr \"Littlefinger\" Baelish, implicates Tyrion Lannister, the dwarf brother of Cersei and Jaime, in the assassination attempt. On the road back to Winterfell, Catelyn encounters Tyrion by chance, arrests him, and takes him to the Vale, where her sister Lysa Arryn is regent, to stand trial for the attempt on Bran's life. In retaliation for Tyrion's abduction, his father Lord Tywin Lannister sends soldiers to raid the Riverlands, Catelyn's home region. Tyrion regains his freedom by recruiting a mercenary named Bronn to defend him in trial by combat. Ned investigates Jon Arryn's death and eventually discovers that Robert's legal heirs, including Joffrey, are in fact Cersei's children by Jaime, and that Jon Arryn was","title":"A Game of Thrones"},{"docid":"26255566","text":"Myrcella Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. Myrcella's character, development and her interactions and impact differ greatly between the two media. Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Myrcella is the only daughter of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros. She subsequently appeared in Martin's A Clash of Kings (1998) and A Feast for Crows (2005). Myrcella is portrayed by Irish actress Aimee Richardson in the first two seasons of the HBO television adaptation, while English actress Nell Tiger Free portrays her in the show's fifth and sixth seasons. Character Since Myrcella Baratheon is not a point of view character in A Song of Ice and Fire, the reader learns about her through other characters' perspectives, such as her uncle Tyrion Lannister. She is a background character in the books. Storylines A Game of Thrones Myrcella is introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996) as the only daughter of Queen Cersei Lannister and King Robert Baratheon. In her first appearance, she accompanies her parents, her two brothers (Joffrey and Tommen Baratheon), and her two \"uncles\" (Tyrion and Jaime Lannister) to Winterfell where Robert asks Eddard Stark to be appointed as Hand of the King. She is later shown attending the tournament to celebrate Eddard's inauguration into his position. While investigating Jon Arryn's death, Eddard discovers that Myrcella and her brothers are the products of an incestuous affair between Cersei and Jaime. A Clash of Kings In 1998's A Clash of Kings, Myrcella attends Joffrey's nameday as King. She greets her uncle Tyrion and tells him that she is glad that the rumors of his death were false. During the War of the Five Kings, Tyrion makes plans to forge an alliance with House Martell of Dorne by having Myrcella wed to Trystane Martell, the son of the current ruler of Dorne, but part of the arrangement involved sending her to Dorne to live in the Martell household. A Feast for Crows During A Storm of Swords (2000), Trystane's sister Arianne Martell plans to crown Myrcella as Robert's heir instead of Tommen, hoping to incite the Dornishmen to rebel against the Lannisters to seat her on the Iron Throne. However, Doran Martell has been tipped off to the conspiracy and his men ambush Arianne's party as they attempt to sail up the Greenblood. In the ensuing confrontation, one of Arianne's co-conspirators, Ser Gerold \"Darkstar\" Dayne, attempts to kill Myrcella; although unsuccessful, he cuts off one of her ears and leaves her scarred. A Dance with Dragons In A Dance with Dragons (2011), Myrcella travels back to King's Landing with Nymeria Sand. TV adaptation Overview In the HBO television adaptation, Aimee Richardson portrayed Myrcella for the first two seasons. Initially cast as a stand-in, Richardson impressed the crew enough to be kept as a full cast member; she appeared in eight episodes. Nell Tiger Free","title":"Myrcella Baratheon"},{"docid":"60810065","text":"\"The Iron Throne\" is the series finale of the HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones. The 73rd and final episode overall, \"The Iron Throne\" is the sixth episode of the eighth season, and was written and directed by executive producers and series creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. It first aired on May 19, 2019. In the episode, the characters deal with the aftermath of Daenerys Targaryen's (Emilia Clarke) devastation of King's Landing and determine who will finally rule Westeros. The episode garnered mixed responses from critics and audiences. Although most critics took issue with the episode's story arcs, pacing and tone, some others deemed it a satisfying conclusion to the series, praising the acting and visuals. Benioff and Weiss received directing and writing nominations for the episode at the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards, whilst Kit Harington and Peter Dinklage selected the episodes to support their nominations for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, respectively. Dinklage won in his category. Plot Jon and Davos survey the destruction that Daenerys brought on King's Landing. Tyrion finds the crushed corpses of Cersei and Jaime in the ruins of the Red Keep. Grey Worm and his men execute Lannister soldiers; Jon attempts to intervene, but Grey Worm insists he is acting on Daenerys' orders. Daenerys declares to the Unsullied and Dothraki that they \"liberated\" the people of King's Landing, and she will soon \"liberate\" the entire world. Tyrion publicly resigns as Daenerys' Hand in protest, and she has him arrested for treason. Jon visits Tyrion in captivity, who tells Jon that despite the love they both have for Daenerys, it is Jon's duty to kill her for being the people's greatest threat. Tyrion also warns Jon that Arya and Sansa will not bend the knee to Daenerys, putting all of House Stark in danger. Jon confronts Daenerys in the destroyed throne room. Daenerys blames Cersei for the deaths of the civilians and refuses to forgive Tyrion or the Lannister prisoners, arguing that their executions – and a continued \"liberation\" campaign – are necessary to establish her vision of a good world. Unable to dissuade Daenerys, a conflicted Jon fatally stabs her as they kiss. As Jon grieves, Drogon arrives. After discovering that Daenerys has been murdered, an anguished Drogon melts the Iron Throne before carrying her body away to the east. Weeks later, the lords and ladies of the Seven Kingdoms convene at the Dragonpit to discuss the fates of Tyrion and Jon, still imprisoned by the Unsullied. Tyrion suggests that future monarchs be chosen by a council of lords and ladies, instead of inheriting the crown. The council agrees and elects Bran as the new king of the Seven Kingdoms. Sansa declares the North's independence from the Seven Kingdoms, which Bran accepts. Bran appoints Tyrion as his Hand so that Tyrion can make amends for his various wrongs and sentences Jon to rejoin the Night's Watch for life to appease","title":"The Iron Throne (Game of Thrones)"},{"docid":"35948928","text":"Thronecast is a British television series which aired on Sky Atlantic between 2011 and 2019. From the fifth series onwards, the show was presented by Sue Perkins and Jamie East. It is an aftershow to Game of Thrones, which also aired on the channel in the United Kingdom. Each episode varied between 10 minutes and 60 minutes in length and featured interviews with cast and crew members, interaction with the audience through social media, and analysis of the episode, along with a preview of the next episode of Game of Thrones. It was the only official aftershow for the series until HBO aired After the Thrones in 2016, providing an aftershow to the show's sixth series until it was cancelled after ten episodes. Thronecast was originally devised by executive producers Ruby Thomas, Ben Boyer and Koink Productions Ltd for Sky Digital Entertainment. The series began airing online in April 2011 as a series of 10-minute podcasts presented by Geoff Lloyd to correspond with the first series of Game of Thrones. Annabel Port joined Geoff for the second series, which corresponded with the broadcast of the second series of Game of Thrones. For the third series, Thronecast became a 15-minute on-air show that was broadcast on Sky Atlantic following each episode of the third series of Game of Thrones, and featured new guest presenter Grace Dent. The fourth series was presented by Jamie East and Rachel Parris, and was 30 minutes long. The fifth series was presented by Sue Perkins and Jamie East and was 30 minutes long, except for the series finale which was an extended hour long special. Perkins and East continued to present the seventh and eighth series of the show which were all 60 minutes long with the exception of the final episode of the show, which was 70 minutes. Series 7 and 8 included pre-series episodes titled War Room, and the eighth series also included a 90 minutes long gameshow titled Gameshow of Thrones and a 30-minute pre-finale episode titled Thronecast: The End is Coming. Each series was also made available on Sky Go, On Demand (previously Sky Anytime and Sky Anytime+) and NOW TV. Series 1 to 4 of Thronecast were produced by Koink Productions Ltd for Sky Atlantic. Series 5 of Thronecast was produced by CPL Productions for Sky Atlantic. Series 6 and 7 of the show were produced by Sky's in-house production company, Sky Vision Productions. Series 8 of the show was produced by independent production company Znak & Co Ltd. Cast Geoff Lloyd (seasons 1–3) Annabel Port (seasons 2–3) Grace Dent (season 3) Jamie East (seasons 4–8) Rachel Parris (season 4) Sue Perkins (seasons 5–8) Episodes Series overview Series 1 (2011) Series 2 (2012) An extended special episode of Thronecast was filmed before the start of the second series, which featured interviews with Emilia Clarke (Daenerys Targaryen), Alfie Allen (Theon Greyjoy), Michelle Fairley (Catelyn Stark), Kit Harington (Jon Snow), Charles Dance (Tywin Lannister), Liam Cunningham (Davos Seaworth), and Nikolaj Coster-Waldau (Jaime Lannister).","title":"Thronecast"},{"docid":"60556712","text":"\"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\" is the second episode of the eighth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 69th overall. It was written by Bryan Cogman, and directed by David Nutter. It aired on April 21, 2019. The episode takes place entirely in Winterfell and is dedicated to the buildup before the battle between the living and the dead. It has been likened to a bottle episode, though one reviewer argued it does not meet the definition of the term. \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\" received positive reception from critics, with many highlighting the episode's balance of the show's longtime characters and citing it as one of the best episodes of the series. Gwendoline Christie (Brienne of Tarth) submitted the episode to support her Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Nikolaj Coster-Waldau (Jaime Lannister) later selected the episode to support his nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. The title is a reference to the title bestowed on Brienne of Tarth after Jaime Lannister knights her and to the collection of stories of the same name by George R. R. Martin, the author of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels on which Game of Thrones is based. Plot Daenerys and Sansa both contemplate the fate of Jaime Lannister, who reveals Cersei was lying about sending her army. They let Jaime fight for them after Brienne vouches for him. Jaime speaks with Bran and apologizes for trying to kill him (\"Winter Is Coming\"), but Bran holds no anger as that action led to both of them becoming who they are today. Meanwhile, Daenerys is angry at Tyrion for believing Cersei, but is mollified by Jorah. Sansa and Daenerys attempt to clear the air between them based on their mutual love of Jon, but Daenerys doesn't have an answer when Sansa asks about the fate of the North once Daenerys takes the Iron Throne. Theon returns wishing to fight for the Starks. Tormund, Beric, and Edd arrive and tell Jon that the Army of the Dead will arrive before the following morning. At the war council, Bran persuades them to let him act as bait to lure the Night King, who wishes to kill him. Theon volunteers to defend Bran with the Ironborn, and Jon and Daenerys plan to ambush and destroy the Night King when he reveals himself. Arya talks to the Hound, and asks him why he came North since he's only ever fought for himself, and he retorts that he had fought for her (\"The Children\"). Arya then visits Gendry. He reveals he is a bastard of Robert Baratheon. Wanting to lose her virginity before the battle, Arya seduces and sleeps with Gendry. Tyrion, Jaime, Brienne, Podrick, Davos, and Tormund gather in the meeting hall to drink before the battle. The conversation turns to why women cannot be knighted; in response to Tormund's remark that he would knight Brienne without hesitation, Jaime","title":"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms (Game of Thrones)"},{"docid":"43181262","text":"Game of Thrones, also known as Game of Thrones: A Telltale Games Series, is an episodic graphic adventure game developed and published by Telltale Games for Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, OS X, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. It is based on the television series of the same name. The game follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles, where player choices and actions influence later events across the six-episode arc. The story revolves around the northern House Forrester, rulers of Ironrath, whose members, including the five playable characters, attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings. The game includes settings and characters from the series of novels A Song of Ice and Fire and the television adaptation. Emilia Clarke, Iwan Rheon, Kit Harington, Lena Headey, Natalie Dormer, and Peter Dinklage reprise their roles from the television series as Daenerys Targaryen, Ramsay Bolton, Jon Snow, Cersei Lannister, Margaery Tyrell, and Tyrion Lannister, respectively. A second season had been planned but was placed on hold in 2017, amid restructuring issues at Telltale Games, and ultimately was cancelled following Telltale's majority studio closure in September 2018. In August 2019, the company returned, but as of August 2022, no news has been made regarding the series future. Development After previous video games based on his works received negative or mediocre critical responses, George R. R. Martin opined that he wanted \"a Game of Thrones game to be made by a studio that knows how to create a thrilling and interesting story\". Telltale Games had found critical success in several licensed adventure games, including their The Wolf Among Us and The Walking Dead episodic video game series. Game of Thrones arose from internal discussions within Telltale of what other popular franchises they wanted to write games around, with much support given for Game of Thrones, considering its emotional equivalence to The Walking Dead. They approached HBO with the concept, and after a year of negotiations, were able to secure the license. In December 2013, Telltale announced Game of Thrones at the 2013 Spike VGX video game awards program. George R. R. Martin stated that his personal assistant, Ty Corey Franck, was working with Telltale Games as a \"story consultant\". Telltale's CEO Dan Connors explained that the game would not be a prequel to the television series, and that the established world and timeline of Game of Thrones allowed Telltale to explore fixed stories in more depth, to appeal to players. Gameplay Game of Thrones is an episodic point-and-click graphic adventure fantasy drama video game, released as 6 episodes following the model of Telltale's previous adventure games. The player is able to move their character around some scenes, interacting with objects and initiating conversation trees with non-player characters. Choices made by the player influence events in future episodes. The game switches between the viewpoints of five different characters. Each episode contains five points where the player must make","title":"Game of Thrones (2014 video game)"},{"docid":"31602346","text":"\"Winter Is Coming\" is the series premiere of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones. The first episode of the first season, it was written by series creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, in an adaptation of the first chapters of George R. R. Martin's book A Game of Thrones. The episode was directed by Tim Van Patten, redoing the work done by director Tom McCarthy in an unaired pilot. As the first episode of the series, it introduces the setting and the main characters of the show. The episode centers on the Stark family, and how Ned Stark gets involved in the court politics after the king chooses him to replace his recently deceased chief administrator (\"Hand of the King\"). The episode received largely positive reviews, and was seen initially by 2.2 million viewers. A week before the episode first aired, HBO made the first 15 minutes available as an Internet preview. The title of the episode is the motto (referred to as \"House Words\" in-universe) of House Stark, which is spoken several times in the episode and the series. Plot Beyond the Wall On the continent of Westeros, rangers of the Night's Watch scout the forest beyond the Wall, the massive ice barrier to the north, and discover demonic White Walkers and wildlings turned to undead wights. Will, the sole surviving ranger, flees South. In King's Landing Watching as the corpse of Jon Arryn, the Hand of the King, is tended to, Jaime Lannister assures his twin sister, Queen Cersei Lannister, that if Arryn had spoken to anyone about them, they would already have been executed. In Pentos Exiled prince Viserys Targaryen plots to reclaim his father's throne from King Robert Baratheon, and brokers a marriage between his sister Daenerys and Dothraki warlord Khal Drogo. As wedding gifts, Daenerys is given books of the Seven Kingdoms from Ser Jorah Mormont, an exiled knight loyal to the Targaryens, and three petrified dragon eggs from Magister Illyrio Mopatis, who helped arrange the marriage. In the North The Starks of Winterfell are introduced: Lord Eddard \"Ned\" Stark, his wife Lady Catelyn, their children – heir Robb, elder daughter Sansa, younger daughter Arya, ten-year-old son Bran, youngest son, Rickon, Ned's bastard son Jon Snow and ward Theon Greyjoy. Ned takes his sons to witness Will's execution for desertion. Ignoring Will's warning of the White Walkers, Ned beheads him, insisting Walkers are long extinct. The Starks find a dead stag, sigil of House Baratheon, and a dead direwolf, sigil of the Starks, whose pups are taken in by the children. News arrives of the death of Lord Arryn, Eddard's friend and Catelyn's brother-in-law. Winterfell receives the royal court, including King Robert, his wife Queen Cersei, their children – heir Prince Joffrey, Princess Myrcella, and Prince Tommen – as well as the Queen’s twin brother Jaime, a member of the Kingsguard, and his and Cersei's younger brother Tyrion Lannister, a dwarf known as \"The Imp\". Robert pays respects to Lyanna Stark,","title":"Winter Is Coming"},{"docid":"35299130","text":"\"The North Remembers\" is the second season premiere episode of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones. First aired on April 1, 2012, it was written by the show creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by returning director Alan Taylor. With a war on the horizon, the Seven Kingdoms are witnessing an ever-growing clash of kings. The boy king Joffrey Baratheon (Jack Gleeson) sits on the Iron Throne guided by cruelty and deceit, while his honorable counterpart Robb Stark (Richard Madden) of the North heads south to avenge his father's death. Meanwhile, the late king Robert Baratheon's estranged brother Stannis (Stephen Dillane) emerges as yet another claimant to the throne. A frantic search for King Robert's bastard sons ensues, while the Queen sets to find the missing Arya Stark (Maisie Williams) in order to retrieve her lover and brother Jaime, now a captive to the Starks. The title refers to Robb Stark vowing revenge against the Lannisters for his father's murder. \"The North Remembers\" received universal acclaim from critics, who noted Tyrion Lannister's development as a key player as a highlight of the episode. In the United States, the episode achieved a viewership of 3.86 million in its initial broadcast. The episode introduced a number of new cast members, including Stephen Dillane's Stannis Baratheon, Carice van Houten's Melisandre and Liam Cunningham as \"the onion knight\" Davos Seaworth. It also featured a number of new locations, both fictional and real, most notably the city of Dubrovnik, Croatia, which served as the capital city of King's Landing. It received a great amount of critical praise, with critics welcoming the new set of characters, which they saw as a great addition. The episode went on to win an American Society of Cinematographers for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in One-Hour Episodic Television Series. Plot On Dragonstone From the island of Dragonstone, the late King Robert's brother Stannis Baratheon declares himself rightful heir to the Iron Throne. He sends a message across the Seven Kingdoms that Robert's supposed heirs are the products of incest between Cersei Lannister and her brother Jaime. Despite Ser Davos Seaworth's advice, Stannis refuses to ally with King in the North Robb Stark or rival claimant Renly Baratheon. Fearing the influence that the Red Priestess Melisandre holds over Stannis, Maester Cressen attempts to kill Melisandre in a murder-suicide with poisoned wine, but Melisandre drinks the entire cup unaffected. In the Red Waste With the remnants of Khal Drogo's khalasar, Daenerys Targaryen makes a difficult journey across the Red Waste, and sends three riders to find shelter. Beyond The Wall The Night's Watch ranging party reaches Craster's Keep beyond the Wall. Craster claims that the wildlings' leader Mance Rayder is amassing an army to move south. Lord Commander Jeor Mormont offers leadership advice to Jon Snow. At Winterfell After a prophetic dream, Bran visits the Godswood with Osha. Noticing a red comet, Bran declares it an omen of victory in the war, but Osha insists it","title":"The North Remembers"},{"docid":"28059680","text":"The characters from the medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series of novels. Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \"The Known World\", the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters. Cast Main cast = Main cast (credited) = Recurring cast (3+) = Guest cast (1-2) Notes Recurring cast = Recurring cast (3+) = Guest cast (1–2) Notes Guest cast Introduced in season 1 Dennis McKeever as a Night's Watch officer (season 1) David Bradley as Walder Frey (seasons 1, 3, 6–7) Andrew Wilde as Tobho Mott (seasons 1–2) Roger Allam as Illyrio Mopatis (season 1) Jefferson Hall as Hugh of the Vale (season 1) Margaret John as Old Nan (season 1) Mark Lewis Jones as Shagga (season 1) Bronson Webb as Will (season 1) Rob Ostlere as Waymar Royce (season 1) Dermot Keaney as Gared (season 1) John Standing as Jon Arryn (season 1) Rhodri Hosking as Mycah (season 1) Antonia Christophers as Mhaegen (seasons 1–2) Sahara Knite as Armeca (seasons 1–2) Introduced in season 2 Josephine Gillan as Marei (seasons 2–6, 8) Sara Dylan as Bernadette (seasons 2–4, 6–7) Patrick Malahide as Balon Greyjoy (seasons 2–3, 6) Edward Dogliani (seasons 2–3) and Ross O'Hennessy (season 5) as the Lord of Bones Lucian Msamati as Salladhor Saan (seasons 2–4) Andy Kellegher as Polliver (seasons 2, 4) Roy Dotrice as Hallyne (season 2) Oliver Ford Davies as Maester Cressen (season 2) David Coakley as Drennan (season 2) Peter Ballance as Farlen (season 2) Paul Caddell as Jacks (season 2) Aidan Crowe as Quent (season 2) Tyrone McElhennon as Torrhen Karstark (season 2) Anthony Morris as the Tickler (season 2) Laura Pradelska as Quaithe (season 2) David Fynn as Rennick (season 2) Introduced in season 3 Burn Gorman as Karl Tanner (seasons 3–4) Dean-Charles Chapman as Martyn Lannister (season 3) Timothy Gibbons as Willem Lannister (season 3) Alexandra Dowling as Roslin Tully (season 3) Mark Killeen as Mero (season 3) Ramon Tikaram as Prendahl na Ghezn (season 3) Will O'Connell as Todder (seasons 3, 5) Pixie Le Knot as Kayla (seasons 3–4) Clifford Barry as Greizhen mo Ullhor (season 3) George Georgiou as Razdal mo Eraz (seasons 3, 6) Introduced in season 4 Mark Gatiss as Tycho Nestoris (seasons 4–5, 7) Reece Noi as Mossador (seasons 4–5) Gary Oliver as Ternesio Terys (seasons 4–5) Lu Corfield as the Mole's Town madam (season 4) Lois Winstone as a Mole's Town prostitute (season 4) Alisdair Simpson as Donnel Waynwood (season 4) Paola Dionisotti as Anya Waynwood (season 4) Deirdre Monaghan as Morag (season 4) Jane McGrath as Sissy (season 4) Sarine Sofair as Lhara (seasons 4–5) Introduced in season 5 Enzo Cilenti as Yezzan zo Qaggaz (seasons 5–6) Murray McArthur as Dim Dalba (seasons 5–6) Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Malko","title":"List of Game of Thrones characters"},{"docid":"50362699","text":"\"The Door\" is the fifth episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 55th overall. The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Jack Bender. Bran Stark learns the origin of the White Walkers, Jon Snow plans to unite the north against the Boltons, Euron Greyjoy reveals his return to the Iron Islands at the Kingsmoot, Tyrion Lannister meets with the Red Priestess Kinvara, and Daenerys Targaryen sees the depths of Jorah Mormont's devotion to her. \"The Door\" received universal acclaim from critics, who found the episode to be emotional with effective action sequences involving the White Walkers and Hodor, in addition to providing \"important answers regarding [the show]'s mythos.\" The adaptation of the Kingsmoot as well as Daenerys's farewell to Jorah were also listed as high points of the episode. Hodor's origin story was presented to the series co-creators by George R. R. Martin. In the United States, the episode achieved a viewership of 7.89 million in its initial broadcast. For the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards, Jack Bender was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series, among the episode's five nominations. This episode marks the final appearance for Kristian Nairn (Hodor) and Max von Sydow (the Three Eyed Raven). Plot In Braavos Jaqen offers Arya the assignment of killing an actress named Lady Crane, who is playing Cersei in a play recounting the War of the Five Kings. In The Dothraki Sea Jorah reveals his greyscale to Daenerys. He admits his love for her, and Daenerys orders him to find a cure and return to her so he can be by her side when she conquers Westeros. In Meereen Tyrion summons the red priestess Kinvara, who agrees to preach to the people that Daenerys is the chosen one of the Lord of Light. She also claims to know what originally happened to Varys and why, unnerving the eunuch. On the Iron Islands The members of House Greyjoy argue over the Salt Throne, with Euron being chosen as King. He intends to sail to Slaver's Bay, bring Daenerys Targaryen back to Westeros as his wife, and conquer the Seven Kingdoms with their combined forces. Theon and Yara, realizing Euron will have them put to death, flee with the best ships of the Iron Fleet. Euron orders the Ironborn to begin construction of a new, better fleet. At The Wall Sansa confronts Littlefinger about his decision to marry her to Ramsay. Littlefinger reveals that her great-uncle, the Blackfish, has retaken Riverrun with the Tully army. Sansa orders Brienne to go and recruit the Blackfish for their cause. At a war meeting at Castle Black, Sansa and Jon discuss which of the Northern houses they can rely on to support them. As the Karstarks and Umbers have already sided with House Bolton, Ser Davos suggests asking House Manderly. When Jon decides to rally the two dozen houses still loyal to the Starks, Sansa informs him they","title":"The Door (Game of Thrones)"},{"docid":"35555286","text":"\"The Ghost of Harrenhal\" is the fifth episode of the second season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones. It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss and directed by David Petrarca, his second episode this season. It premiered on April 29, 2012. “The Ghost of Harrenhal” is how Arya Stark describes herself while at Harrenhal in A Clash of Kings, the novel on which the season is based, although the phrase is not heard in the episode. This episode marks the final appearance of Gethin Anthony (Renly Baratheon). Plot In the Stormlands As Renly and Catelyn negotiate an alliance, Melisandre's shadow creature kills Renly and disappears. Brienne, mistaken for the murderer, is forced to slay Renly's guards and escape with Catelyn. Brienne and Catelyn stop beside a river to discuss her return to Winterfell and Renly's death. Brienne swears allegiance to Catelyn, who promises not to interfere with Brienne's vengeance against Stannis. Loras also blames Stannis, but Littlefinger and Margaery convince him to flee. Stannis arrives, and his dead brother's bannermen swear fealty to him. Following Davos' advice, Melisandre's blood magic is not used for the King's Landing assault; Stannis gives a reluctant Davos command of the fleet. In King's Landing Tyrion learns from Lancel that Cersei is stockpiling King Aerys's dangerously flammable \"wildfire\", and visits the royal pyromancer, Wisdom Hallyne, who reveals a massive cache of wildfire Joffrey intends to catapult at Stannis' forces. Bronn doubts the logistics and odds of Joffrey's idea, so Tyrion claims the cache for his own plan. In Qarth Daenerys holds court at Qarth as her dragons grow. The warlock Pyat Pree invites Daenerys to visit the \"House of the Undying\", while the masked Quaithe warns Ser Jorah of dangers facing Daenerys. Xaro asks to marry Daenerys in exchange for resources to take King's Landing. Jorah argues that Daenerys must win the Iron Throne on her own, and she eventually agrees. Beyond The Wall The Night's Watch meet legendary ranger Qhorin Halfhand at the Fist of the First Men, an ancient fortification. Qhorin warns that the wildlings have become more organized and dangerous under former ranger Mance Rayder. Jon volunteers to join Qhorin in eliminating a wildling watchpost. At Winterfell Receiving news that Torrhen's Square is under attack, Bran urges Ser Rodrik to raise defenders. He tells Osha of his dreams featuring a \"three-eyed raven\" but she deflects his inquiries. On The Iron Islands Despite Theon's lineage and title, his new ship's crew have little respect for him. Yara comes to make jokes at him. First mate Dagmer Cleftjaw explains Theon must win their respect. When Dagmer proposes assaulting the Northern town of Torrhen's Square, Theon realizes that will leave Winterfell poorly defended for a takeover. At Harrenhal Tywin holds council to discuss Robb Stark. Tywin deduces Arya is a Northerner, but remains unaware of her true identity. Jaqen H'ghar, disguised as a Lannister guardsman, offers Arya \"three lives\" in return for saving him and two others","title":"The Ghost of Harrenhal"},{"docid":"60673620","text":"\"The Last of the Starks\" is the fourth episode of the eighth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, which aired on May 5, 2019 and is the 71st overall. It was written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by David Nutter. \"The Last of the Starks\" shows the aftermath of the battle against the Army of the Dead while setting the stage for the final confrontation, with Daenerys, Jon, and their remaining forces going towards King's Landing to confront Cersei and demand her surrender. The episode received mixed reviews. Critics praised its return to the political intrigue of earlier Game of Thrones episodes, but criticized the episode's writing. It received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series and was picked by Emilia Clarke to support her nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. This episode marks the final appearance of Nathalie Emmanuel (Missandei), and Hannah Murray (Gilly), as well as the final appearances of six actors whose characters died in the previous episode, but were seen as corpses: Alfie Allen (Theon Greyjoy), Iain Glen (Ser Jorah Mormont), Bella Ramsey (Lyanna Mormont), Richard Dormer (Beric Dondarrion), Ben Crompton (Eddison Tollett), and Staz Nair (Qhono). Plot Jon leads a mass funeral cremation for the dead. At a feast, Daenerys legitimizes Gendry as a Baratheon and makes him Lord of Storm's End, the ancestral home of House Baratheon. Gendry proposes to Arya, but she declines. Brienne leaves a drinking game in discomfort when Tyrion guesses she is a virgin. Jaime goes to Brienne's room and they have sex. Daenerys is uncomfortable at the acclaim the wildlings give Jon and, in private, begs him to never reveal his true parentage. Jon reassures Daenerys that he has renounced his claim for hers but insists he must tell Arya and Sansa the truth. Daenerys plans to immediately storm King's Landing, but Sansa argues the soldiers need rest. Everyone notes that with the losses they have sustained and the Golden Company reinforcing Cersei, the odds are now almost perfectly even. Ultimately, they agree Jon will lead the army on foot while Daenerys and her fleet will sail to Dragonstone. Afterwards, Arya and Sansa tell Jon that they distrust Daenerys but Jon defends her. After swearing Sansa and Arya to secrecy, Jon has Bran tell Arya and Sansa of his true parentage. Bronn arrives to kill Jaime and Tyrion, but accepts their offer of Highgarden in exchange for their lives. Arya and Sandor \"The Hound\" Clegane ride for King's Landing. Sansa reveals Jon's parentage to Tyrion, who then tells Varys. Jon gives Ghost to Tormund, who plans to return north of the Wall with the wildlings; Tormund suggests that Jon join them. Jon also bids farewell to Sam and a pregnant Gilly. Euron's Iron Fleet ambushes Daenerys's fleet and kills Rhaegal. Missandei is captured. Daenerys is convinced to talk to Cersei first instead of attacking King's Landing. Varys fears for Daenerys's mental stability and tells","title":"The Last of the Starks"},{"docid":"60747617","text":"\"The Bells\" is the fifth episode of the eighth season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones. The 72nd and penultimate episode of the series overall, it was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik. It first aired on HBO on May 12, 2019. \"The Bells\" features the final battle for control of the Iron Throne, with an army led by Daenerys Targaryen commencing its assault on Cersei Lannister and the people of King's Landing. In the episode, Tyrion Lannister betrays Varys and reveals Varys's treason to Daenerys; Jaime Lannister is freed by Tyrion; Arya Stark and Sandor \"The Hound\" Clegane seek personal vengeance; Jon Snow prepares to lead the ground forces against the Lannister army; and Drogon, mounted by Daenerys, burns the city down. The episode received a polarized response from critics and audiences alike. Critics praised the episode's visuals, as well as the acting and direction, but criticized the pacing and logic of the story, as well as its handling of the character arcs of Tyrion, Jaime, Cersei, Grey Worm, Varys, and particularly Daenerys. The episode received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for Lena Headey and Outstanding Production Design for a Fantasy Series, winning for Outstanding Fantasy/Sci-Fi Costumes and Outstanding Special Visual Effects. Plot On Dragonstone As Varys writes a letter about Jon Snow's true heritage, one of his \"little birds\" informs him that Daenerys continues to refuse food. He tells the child to \"try again at supper\". Soon after, Varys implores Jon to take the Iron Throne, but Jon refuses to betray Daenerys. Tyrion informs Daenerys of Varys' plot, and she has Drogon burn him alive. Later, Daenerys bemoans not having the love of the people in Westeros. Jon assures Daenerys that he loves her. However, when he halts their intimacy, Daenerys resigns herself to using fear to rule Westeros. Tyrion implores Daenerys to spare the commoners of King's Landing if the city bells ring, indicating surrender. Daenerys appears to accept. She then informs Tyrion that Jaime has been captured on his way to King's Landing and warns Tyrion not to fail her again. Tyrion arrives at the Targaryen forces' camp and frees Jaime so that, if the capital falls, Jaime can take Cersei to Pentos and live safely in seclusion. In King's Landing The next day, Arya Stark and Sandor Clegane enter the Red Keep amongst the civilians Cersei is using as human shields. The battle begins: Daenerys and Drogon burn the Iron Fleet and the Golden Company, and destroy the city's defences. Grey Worm kills Harry Strickland, and Daenerys' army storms King's Landing. Outmatched, the Lannister forces drop their weapons and the city rings the bells in surrender. However, Daenerys, driven mad by rage, does not accept the surrender and, atop Drogon, burns the city while her army participates in the massacre on the ground. Horrified by this turn of events, Jon unsuccessfully tries to stop his","title":"The Bells (Game of Thrones)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"713577\",\n \"text\": \"A Game of Thrones is the first novel in A Song of Ice and Fire, a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin. It was first published on August 1, 1996. The novel won the 1997 Locus Award and was nominated for both the 1997 Nebula Award and the 1997 World Fantasy Award. The novella Blood of the Dragon, comprising the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel, won the 1997 Hugo Award for Best Novella. In January 2011, the novel became a New York Times Bestseller and reached No. 1 on the list in July 2011.{{cite news |last=Taylor |first=Ihsan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2011-07-10/mass-market-paperback/list.html |title=The New York Times Bestseller List |date=10 July 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2011-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707124451/http://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2011-07-10/mass-market-paperback/list.html |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=live }} In the novel, recounting events from various points of view, Martin introduces the plot-lines of the noble houses of Westeros, the Wall, and the Targaryens. The novel has inspired several spin-off works, including several games. It is also the namesake and basis for the first season of Game of Thrones, an HBO television series that premiered in April 2011. A paperback TV tie-in re-edition was published in March 2013, titled Game of Thrones. PlotA Game of Thrones follows three principal storylines simultaneously. In the Seven Kingdoms Upon the death of Lord Jon Arryn, the principal advisor to King Robert Baratheon, Robert recruits his childhood friend Eddard \\\"Ned\\\" Stark, now Warden of the North, to replace Arryn as Hand of the King, and to betroth his daughter Sansa to Robert's son Joffrey. Ned accepts the position when he learns that Arryn's widow Lysa believes he was poisoned by Robert's wife Queen Cersei Lannister and her family. Shortly thereafter, Ned's son Bran discovers Cersei having sex with her twin brother Jaime Lannister, who throws Bran from the tower to conceal their affair, leaving him comatose and paralyzing his legs. Ned leaves his castle Winterfell and departs for the capital city, King's Landing, bringing along his daughters Sansa and Arya. Upon arriving in King's Landing to take his post as Hand, Ned finds that Robert is an ineffective king whose only interests are hunting, drinking, and womanizing. At Winterfell, an assassin attempts to kill Bran while he is unconscious, and Ned's wife Catelyn travels to King's Landing to bring word to Ned. Catelyn's childhood friend, Petyr \\\"Littlefinger\\\" Baelish, implicates Tyrion Lannister, the dwarf brother of Cersei and Jaime, in the assassination attempt. On the road back to Winterfell, Catelyn encounters Tyrion by chance, arrests him, and takes him to the Vale, where her sister Lysa Arryn is regent, to stand trial for the attempt on Bran's life. In retaliation for Tyrion's abduction, his father Lord Tywin Lannister sends soldiers to raid the Riverlands, Catelyn's home region. Tyrion regains his freedom by recruiting a mercenary named Bronn to defend him in trial by combat. Ned investigates Jon Arryn's death and eventually discovers that Robert's legal heirs, including Joffrey, are in fact Cersei's children by Jaime, and that Jon Arryn was\",\n \"title\": \"A Game of Thrones\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"26255566\",\n \"text\": \"Myrcella Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. Myrcella's character, development and her interactions and impact differ greatly between the two media. Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Myrcella is the only daughter of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros. She subsequently appeared in Martin's A Clash of Kings (1998) and A Feast for Crows (2005). Myrcella is portrayed by Irish actress Aimee Richardson in the first two seasons of the HBO television adaptation, while English actress Nell Tiger Free portrays her in the show's fifth and sixth seasons. Character Since Myrcella Baratheon is not a point of view character in A Song of Ice and Fire, the reader learns about her through other characters' perspectives, such as her uncle Tyrion Lannister. She is a background character in the books. Storylines A Game of Thrones Myrcella is introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996) as the only daughter of Queen Cersei Lannister and King Robert Baratheon. In her first appearance, she accompanies her parents, her two brothers (Joffrey and Tommen Baratheon), and her two \\\"uncles\\\" (Tyrion and Jaime Lannister) to Winterfell where Robert asks Eddard Stark to be appointed as Hand of the King. She is later shown attending the tournament to celebrate Eddard's inauguration into his position. While investigating Jon Arryn's death, Eddard discovers that Myrcella and her brothers are the products of an incestuous affair between Cersei and Jaime. A Clash of Kings In 1998's A Clash of Kings, Myrcella attends Joffrey's nameday as King. She greets her uncle Tyrion and tells him that she is glad that the rumors of his death were false. During the War of the Five Kings, Tyrion makes plans to forge an alliance with House Martell of Dorne by having Myrcella wed to Trystane Martell, the son of the current ruler of Dorne, but part of the arrangement involved sending her to Dorne to live in the Martell household. A Feast for Crows During A Storm of Swords (2000), Trystane's sister Arianne Martell plans to crown Myrcella as Robert's heir instead of Tommen, hoping to incite the Dornishmen to rebel against the Lannisters to seat her on the Iron Throne. However, Doran Martell has been tipped off to the conspiracy and his men ambush Arianne's party as they attempt to sail up the Greenblood. In the ensuing confrontation, one of Arianne's co-conspirators, Ser Gerold \\\"Darkstar\\\" Dayne, attempts to kill Myrcella; although unsuccessful, he cuts off one of her ears and leaves her scarred. A Dance with Dragons In A Dance with Dragons (2011), Myrcella travels back to King's Landing with Nymeria Sand. TV adaptation Overview In the HBO television adaptation, Aimee Richardson portrayed Myrcella for the first two seasons. Initially cast as a stand-in, Richardson impressed the crew enough to be kept as a full cast member; she appeared in eight episodes. Nell Tiger Free\",\n \"title\": \"Myrcella Baratheon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60810065\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Iron Throne\\\" is the series finale of the HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones. The 73rd and final episode overall, \\\"The Iron Throne\\\" is the sixth episode of the eighth season, and was written and directed by executive producers and series creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. It first aired on May 19, 2019. In the episode, the characters deal with the aftermath of Daenerys Targaryen's (Emilia Clarke) devastation of King's Landing and determine who will finally rule Westeros. The episode garnered mixed responses from critics and audiences. Although most critics took issue with the episode's story arcs, pacing and tone, some others deemed it a satisfying conclusion to the series, praising the acting and visuals. Benioff and Weiss received directing and writing nominations for the episode at the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards, whilst Kit Harington and Peter Dinklage selected the episodes to support their nominations for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, respectively. Dinklage won in his category. Plot Jon and Davos survey the destruction that Daenerys brought on King's Landing. Tyrion finds the crushed corpses of Cersei and Jaime in the ruins of the Red Keep. Grey Worm and his men execute Lannister soldiers; Jon attempts to intervene, but Grey Worm insists he is acting on Daenerys' orders. Daenerys declares to the Unsullied and Dothraki that they \\\"liberated\\\" the people of King's Landing, and she will soon \\\"liberate\\\" the entire world. Tyrion publicly resigns as Daenerys' Hand in protest, and she has him arrested for treason. Jon visits Tyrion in captivity, who tells Jon that despite the love they both have for Daenerys, it is Jon's duty to kill her for being the people's greatest threat. Tyrion also warns Jon that Arya and Sansa will not bend the knee to Daenerys, putting all of House Stark in danger. Jon confronts Daenerys in the destroyed throne room. Daenerys blames Cersei for the deaths of the civilians and refuses to forgive Tyrion or the Lannister prisoners, arguing that their executions – and a continued \\\"liberation\\\" campaign – are necessary to establish her vision of a good world. Unable to dissuade Daenerys, a conflicted Jon fatally stabs her as they kiss. As Jon grieves, Drogon arrives. After discovering that Daenerys has been murdered, an anguished Drogon melts the Iron Throne before carrying her body away to the east. Weeks later, the lords and ladies of the Seven Kingdoms convene at the Dragonpit to discuss the fates of Tyrion and Jon, still imprisoned by the Unsullied. Tyrion suggests that future monarchs be chosen by a council of lords and ladies, instead of inheriting the crown. The council agrees and elects Bran as the new king of the Seven Kingdoms. Sansa declares the North's independence from the Seven Kingdoms, which Bran accepts. Bran appoints Tyrion as his Hand so that Tyrion can make amends for his various wrongs and sentences Jon to rejoin the Night's Watch for life to appease\",\n \"title\": \"The Iron Throne (Game of Thrones)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35948928\",\n \"text\": \"Thronecast is a British television series which aired on Sky Atlantic between 2011 and 2019. From the fifth series onwards, the show was presented by Sue Perkins and Jamie East. It is an aftershow to Game of Thrones, which also aired on the channel in the United Kingdom. Each episode varied between 10 minutes and 60 minutes in length and featured interviews with cast and crew members, interaction with the audience through social media, and analysis of the episode, along with a preview of the next episode of Game of Thrones. It was the only official aftershow for the series until HBO aired After the Thrones in 2016, providing an aftershow to the show's sixth series until it was cancelled after ten episodes. Thronecast was originally devised by executive producers Ruby Thomas, Ben Boyer and Koink Productions Ltd for Sky Digital Entertainment. The series began airing online in April 2011 as a series of 10-minute podcasts presented by Geoff Lloyd to correspond with the first series of Game of Thrones. Annabel Port joined Geoff for the second series, which corresponded with the broadcast of the second series of Game of Thrones. For the third series, Thronecast became a 15-minute on-air show that was broadcast on Sky Atlantic following each episode of the third series of Game of Thrones, and featured new guest presenter Grace Dent. The fourth series was presented by Jamie East and Rachel Parris, and was 30 minutes long. The fifth series was presented by Sue Perkins and Jamie East and was 30 minutes long, except for the series finale which was an extended hour long special. Perkins and East continued to present the seventh and eighth series of the show which were all 60 minutes long with the exception of the final episode of the show, which was 70 minutes. Series 7 and 8 included pre-series episodes titled War Room, and the eighth series also included a 90 minutes long gameshow titled Gameshow of Thrones and a 30-minute pre-finale episode titled Thronecast: The End is Coming. Each series was also made available on Sky Go, On Demand (previously Sky Anytime and Sky Anytime+) and NOW TV. Series 1 to 4 of Thronecast were produced by Koink Productions Ltd for Sky Atlantic. Series 5 of Thronecast was produced by CPL Productions for Sky Atlantic. Series 6 and 7 of the show were produced by Sky's in-house production company, Sky Vision Productions. Series 8 of the show was produced by independent production company Znak & Co Ltd. Cast Geoff Lloyd (seasons 1–3) Annabel Port (seasons 2–3) Grace Dent (season 3) Jamie East (seasons 4–8) Rachel Parris (season 4) Sue Perkins (seasons 5–8) Episodes Series overview Series 1 (2011) Series 2 (2012) An extended special episode of Thronecast was filmed before the start of the second series, which featured interviews with Emilia Clarke (Daenerys Targaryen), Alfie Allen (Theon Greyjoy), Michelle Fairley (Catelyn Stark), Kit Harington (Jon Snow), Charles Dance (Tywin Lannister), Liam Cunningham (Davos Seaworth), and Nikolaj Coster-Waldau (Jaime Lannister).\",\n \"title\": \"Thronecast\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60556712\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\\\" is the second episode of the eighth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 69th overall. It was written by Bryan Cogman, and directed by David Nutter. It aired on April 21, 2019. The episode takes place entirely in Winterfell and is dedicated to the buildup before the battle between the living and the dead. It has been likened to a bottle episode, though one reviewer argued it does not meet the definition of the term. \\\"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\\\" received positive reception from critics, with many highlighting the episode's balance of the show's longtime characters and citing it as one of the best episodes of the series. Gwendoline Christie (Brienne of Tarth) submitted the episode to support her Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Nikolaj Coster-Waldau (Jaime Lannister) later selected the episode to support his nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. The title is a reference to the title bestowed on Brienne of Tarth after Jaime Lannister knights her and to the collection of stories of the same name by George R. R. Martin, the author of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels on which Game of Thrones is based. Plot Daenerys and Sansa both contemplate the fate of Jaime Lannister, who reveals Cersei was lying about sending her army. They let Jaime fight for them after Brienne vouches for him. Jaime speaks with Bran and apologizes for trying to kill him (\\\"Winter Is Coming\\\"), but Bran holds no anger as that action led to both of them becoming who they are today. Meanwhile, Daenerys is angry at Tyrion for believing Cersei, but is mollified by Jorah. Sansa and Daenerys attempt to clear the air between them based on their mutual love of Jon, but Daenerys doesn't have an answer when Sansa asks about the fate of the North once Daenerys takes the Iron Throne. Theon returns wishing to fight for the Starks. Tormund, Beric, and Edd arrive and tell Jon that the Army of the Dead will arrive before the following morning. At the war council, Bran persuades them to let him act as bait to lure the Night King, who wishes to kill him. Theon volunteers to defend Bran with the Ironborn, and Jon and Daenerys plan to ambush and destroy the Night King when he reveals himself. Arya talks to the Hound, and asks him why he came North since he's only ever fought for himself, and he retorts that he had fought for her (\\\"The Children\\\"). Arya then visits Gendry. He reveals he is a bastard of Robert Baratheon. Wanting to lose her virginity before the battle, Arya seduces and sleeps with Gendry. Tyrion, Jaime, Brienne, Podrick, Davos, and Tormund gather in the meeting hall to drink before the battle. The conversation turns to why women cannot be knighted; in response to Tormund's remark that he would knight Brienne without hesitation, Jaime\",\n \"title\": \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms (Game of Thrones)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"43181262\",\n \"text\": \"Game of Thrones, also known as Game of Thrones: A Telltale Games Series, is an episodic graphic adventure game developed and published by Telltale Games for Android, iOS, Microsoft Windows, OS X, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. It is based on the television series of the same name. The game follows the episodic format found in other Telltale titles, where player choices and actions influence later events across the six-episode arc. The story revolves around the northern House Forrester, rulers of Ironrath, whose members, including the five playable characters, attempt to save their family and themselves after ending up on the losing side of the War of the Five Kings. The game includes settings and characters from the series of novels A Song of Ice and Fire and the television adaptation. Emilia Clarke, Iwan Rheon, Kit Harington, Lena Headey, Natalie Dormer, and Peter Dinklage reprise their roles from the television series as Daenerys Targaryen, Ramsay Bolton, Jon Snow, Cersei Lannister, Margaery Tyrell, and Tyrion Lannister, respectively. A second season had been planned but was placed on hold in 2017, amid restructuring issues at Telltale Games, and ultimately was cancelled following Telltale's majority studio closure in September 2018. In August 2019, the company returned, but as of August 2022, no news has been made regarding the series future. Development After previous video games based on his works received negative or mediocre critical responses, George R. R. Martin opined that he wanted \\\"a Game of Thrones game to be made by a studio that knows how to create a thrilling and interesting story\\\". Telltale Games had found critical success in several licensed adventure games, including their The Wolf Among Us and The Walking Dead episodic video game series. Game of Thrones arose from internal discussions within Telltale of what other popular franchises they wanted to write games around, with much support given for Game of Thrones, considering its emotional equivalence to The Walking Dead. They approached HBO with the concept, and after a year of negotiations, were able to secure the license. In December 2013, Telltale announced Game of Thrones at the 2013 Spike VGX video game awards program. George R. R. Martin stated that his personal assistant, Ty Corey Franck, was working with Telltale Games as a \\\"story consultant\\\". Telltale's CEO Dan Connors explained that the game would not be a prequel to the television series, and that the established world and timeline of Game of Thrones allowed Telltale to explore fixed stories in more depth, to appeal to players. Gameplay Game of Thrones is an episodic point-and-click graphic adventure fantasy drama video game, released as 6 episodes following the model of Telltale's previous adventure games. The player is able to move their character around some scenes, interacting with objects and initiating conversation trees with non-player characters. Choices made by the player influence events in future episodes. The game switches between the viewpoints of five different characters. Each episode contains five points where the player must make\",\n \"title\": \"Game of Thrones (2014 video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"31602346\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Winter Is Coming\\\" is the series premiere of the HBO medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones. The first episode of the first season, it was written by series creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, in an adaptation of the first chapters of George R. R. Martin's book A Game of Thrones. The episode was directed by Tim Van Patten, redoing the work done by director Tom McCarthy in an unaired pilot. As the first episode of the series, it introduces the setting and the main characters of the show. The episode centers on the Stark family, and how Ned Stark gets involved in the court politics after the king chooses him to replace his recently deceased chief administrator (\\\"Hand of the King\\\"). The episode received largely positive reviews, and was seen initially by 2.2 million viewers. A week before the episode first aired, HBO made the first 15 minutes available as an Internet preview. The title of the episode is the motto (referred to as \\\"House Words\\\" in-universe) of House Stark, which is spoken several times in the episode and the series. Plot Beyond the Wall On the continent of Westeros, rangers of the Night's Watch scout the forest beyond the Wall, the massive ice barrier to the north, and discover demonic White Walkers and wildlings turned to undead wights. Will, the sole surviving ranger, flees South. In King's Landing Watching as the corpse of Jon Arryn, the Hand of the King, is tended to, Jaime Lannister assures his twin sister, Queen Cersei Lannister, that if Arryn had spoken to anyone about them, they would already have been executed. In Pentos Exiled prince Viserys Targaryen plots to reclaim his father's throne from King Robert Baratheon, and brokers a marriage between his sister Daenerys and Dothraki warlord Khal Drogo. As wedding gifts, Daenerys is given books of the Seven Kingdoms from Ser Jorah Mormont, an exiled knight loyal to the Targaryens, and three petrified dragon eggs from Magister Illyrio Mopatis, who helped arrange the marriage. In the North The Starks of Winterfell are introduced: Lord Eddard \\\"Ned\\\" Stark, his wife Lady Catelyn, their children – heir Robb, elder daughter Sansa, younger daughter Arya, ten-year-old son Bran, youngest son, Rickon, Ned's bastard son Jon Snow and ward Theon Greyjoy. Ned takes his sons to witness Will's execution for desertion. Ignoring Will's warning of the White Walkers, Ned beheads him, insisting Walkers are long extinct. The Starks find a dead stag, sigil of House Baratheon, and a dead direwolf, sigil of the Starks, whose pups are taken in by the children. News arrives of the death of Lord Arryn, Eddard's friend and Catelyn's brother-in-law. Winterfell receives the royal court, including King Robert, his wife Queen Cersei, their children – heir Prince Joffrey, Princess Myrcella, and Prince Tommen – as well as the Queen’s twin brother Jaime, a member of the Kingsguard, and his and Cersei's younger brother Tyrion Lannister, a dwarf known as \\\"The Imp\\\". Robert pays respects to Lyanna Stark,\",\n \"title\": \"Winter Is Coming\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35299130\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The North Remembers\\\" is the second season premiere episode of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones. First aired on April 1, 2012, it was written by the show creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by returning director Alan Taylor. With a war on the horizon, the Seven Kingdoms are witnessing an ever-growing clash of kings. The boy king Joffrey Baratheon (Jack Gleeson) sits on the Iron Throne guided by cruelty and deceit, while his honorable counterpart Robb Stark (Richard Madden) of the North heads south to avenge his father's death. Meanwhile, the late king Robert Baratheon's estranged brother Stannis (Stephen Dillane) emerges as yet another claimant to the throne. A frantic search for King Robert's bastard sons ensues, while the Queen sets to find the missing Arya Stark (Maisie Williams) in order to retrieve her lover and brother Jaime, now a captive to the Starks. The title refers to Robb Stark vowing revenge against the Lannisters for his father's murder. \\\"The North Remembers\\\" received universal acclaim from critics, who noted Tyrion Lannister's development as a key player as a highlight of the episode. In the United States, the episode achieved a viewership of 3.86 million in its initial broadcast. The episode introduced a number of new cast members, including Stephen Dillane's Stannis Baratheon, Carice van Houten's Melisandre and Liam Cunningham as \\\"the onion knight\\\" Davos Seaworth. It also featured a number of new locations, both fictional and real, most notably the city of Dubrovnik, Croatia, which served as the capital city of King's Landing. It received a great amount of critical praise, with critics welcoming the new set of characters, which they saw as a great addition. The episode went on to win an American Society of Cinematographers for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in One-Hour Episodic Television Series. Plot On Dragonstone From the island of Dragonstone, the late King Robert's brother Stannis Baratheon declares himself rightful heir to the Iron Throne. He sends a message across the Seven Kingdoms that Robert's supposed heirs are the products of incest between Cersei Lannister and her brother Jaime. Despite Ser Davos Seaworth's advice, Stannis refuses to ally with King in the North Robb Stark or rival claimant Renly Baratheon. Fearing the influence that the Red Priestess Melisandre holds over Stannis, Maester Cressen attempts to kill Melisandre in a murder-suicide with poisoned wine, but Melisandre drinks the entire cup unaffected. In the Red Waste With the remnants of Khal Drogo's khalasar, Daenerys Targaryen makes a difficult journey across the Red Waste, and sends three riders to find shelter. Beyond The Wall The Night's Watch ranging party reaches Craster's Keep beyond the Wall. Craster claims that the wildlings' leader Mance Rayder is amassing an army to move south. Lord Commander Jeor Mormont offers leadership advice to Jon Snow. At Winterfell After a prophetic dream, Bran visits the Godswood with Osha. Noticing a red comet, Bran declares it an omen of victory in the war, but Osha insists it\",\n \"title\": \"The North Remembers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"28059680\",\n \"text\": \"The characters from the medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series of novels. Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \\\"The Known World\\\", the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters. Cast Main cast = Main cast (credited) = Recurring cast (3+) = Guest cast (1-2) Notes Recurring cast = Recurring cast (3+) = Guest cast (1–2) Notes Guest cast Introduced in season 1 Dennis McKeever as a Night's Watch officer (season 1) David Bradley as Walder Frey (seasons 1, 3, 6–7) Andrew Wilde as Tobho Mott (seasons 1–2) Roger Allam as Illyrio Mopatis (season 1) Jefferson Hall as Hugh of the Vale (season 1) Margaret John as Old Nan (season 1) Mark Lewis Jones as Shagga (season 1) Bronson Webb as Will (season 1) Rob Ostlere as Waymar Royce (season 1) Dermot Keaney as Gared (season 1) John Standing as Jon Arryn (season 1) Rhodri Hosking as Mycah (season 1) Antonia Christophers as Mhaegen (seasons 1–2) Sahara Knite as Armeca (seasons 1–2) Introduced in season 2 Josephine Gillan as Marei (seasons 2–6, 8) Sara Dylan as Bernadette (seasons 2–4, 6–7) Patrick Malahide as Balon Greyjoy (seasons 2–3, 6) Edward Dogliani (seasons 2–3) and Ross O'Hennessy (season 5) as the Lord of Bones Lucian Msamati as Salladhor Saan (seasons 2–4) Andy Kellegher as Polliver (seasons 2, 4) Roy Dotrice as Hallyne (season 2) Oliver Ford Davies as Maester Cressen (season 2) David Coakley as Drennan (season 2) Peter Ballance as Farlen (season 2) Paul Caddell as Jacks (season 2) Aidan Crowe as Quent (season 2) Tyrone McElhennon as Torrhen Karstark (season 2) Anthony Morris as the Tickler (season 2) Laura Pradelska as Quaithe (season 2) David Fynn as Rennick (season 2) Introduced in season 3 Burn Gorman as Karl Tanner (seasons 3–4) Dean-Charles Chapman as Martyn Lannister (season 3) Timothy Gibbons as Willem Lannister (season 3) Alexandra Dowling as Roslin Tully (season 3) Mark Killeen as Mero (season 3) Ramon Tikaram as Prendahl na Ghezn (season 3) Will O'Connell as Todder (seasons 3, 5) Pixie Le Knot as Kayla (seasons 3–4) Clifford Barry as Greizhen mo Ullhor (season 3) George Georgiou as Razdal mo Eraz (seasons 3, 6) Introduced in season 4 Mark Gatiss as Tycho Nestoris (seasons 4–5, 7) Reece Noi as Mossador (seasons 4–5) Gary Oliver as Ternesio Terys (seasons 4–5) Lu Corfield as the Mole's Town madam (season 4) Lois Winstone as a Mole's Town prostitute (season 4) Alisdair Simpson as Donnel Waynwood (season 4) Paola Dionisotti as Anya Waynwood (season 4) Deirdre Monaghan as Morag (season 4) Jane McGrath as Sissy (season 4) Sarine Sofair as Lhara (seasons 4–5) Introduced in season 5 Enzo Cilenti as Yezzan zo Qaggaz (seasons 5–6) Murray McArthur as Dim Dalba (seasons 5–6) Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Malko\",\n \"title\": \"List of Game of Thrones characters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"50362699\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Door\\\" is the fifth episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 55th overall. The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Jack Bender. Bran Stark learns the origin of the White Walkers, Jon Snow plans to unite the north against the Boltons, Euron Greyjoy reveals his return to the Iron Islands at the Kingsmoot, Tyrion Lannister meets with the Red Priestess Kinvara, and Daenerys Targaryen sees the depths of Jorah Mormont's devotion to her. \\\"The Door\\\" received universal acclaim from critics, who found the episode to be emotional with effective action sequences involving the White Walkers and Hodor, in addition to providing \\\"important answers regarding [the show]'s mythos.\\\" The adaptation of the Kingsmoot as well as Daenerys's farewell to Jorah were also listed as high points of the episode. Hodor's origin story was presented to the series co-creators by George R. R. Martin. In the United States, the episode achieved a viewership of 7.89 million in its initial broadcast. For the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards, Jack Bender was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series, among the episode's five nominations. This episode marks the final appearance for Kristian Nairn (Hodor) and Max von Sydow (the Three Eyed Raven). Plot In Braavos Jaqen offers Arya the assignment of killing an actress named Lady Crane, who is playing Cersei in a play recounting the War of the Five Kings. In The Dothraki Sea Jorah reveals his greyscale to Daenerys. He admits his love for her, and Daenerys orders him to find a cure and return to her so he can be by her side when she conquers Westeros. In Meereen Tyrion summons the red priestess Kinvara, who agrees to preach to the people that Daenerys is the chosen one of the Lord of Light. She also claims to know what originally happened to Varys and why, unnerving the eunuch. On the Iron Islands The members of House Greyjoy argue over the Salt Throne, with Euron being chosen as King. He intends to sail to Slaver's Bay, bring Daenerys Targaryen back to Westeros as his wife, and conquer the Seven Kingdoms with their combined forces. Theon and Yara, realizing Euron will have them put to death, flee with the best ships of the Iron Fleet. Euron orders the Ironborn to begin construction of a new, better fleet. At The Wall Sansa confronts Littlefinger about his decision to marry her to Ramsay. Littlefinger reveals that her great-uncle, the Blackfish, has retaken Riverrun with the Tully army. Sansa orders Brienne to go and recruit the Blackfish for their cause. At a war meeting at Castle Black, Sansa and Jon discuss which of the Northern houses they can rely on to support them. As the Karstarks and Umbers have already sided with House Bolton, Ser Davos suggests asking House Manderly. When Jon decides to rally the two dozen houses still loyal to the Starks, Sansa informs him they\",\n \"title\": \"The Door (Game of Thrones)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35555286\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Ghost of Harrenhal\\\" is the fifth episode of the second season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones. It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss and directed by David Petrarca, his second episode this season. It premiered on April 29, 2012. “The Ghost of Harrenhal” is how Arya Stark describes herself while at Harrenhal in A Clash of Kings, the novel on which the season is based, although the phrase is not heard in the episode. This episode marks the final appearance of Gethin Anthony (Renly Baratheon). Plot In the Stormlands As Renly and Catelyn negotiate an alliance, Melisandre's shadow creature kills Renly and disappears. Brienne, mistaken for the murderer, is forced to slay Renly's guards and escape with Catelyn. Brienne and Catelyn stop beside a river to discuss her return to Winterfell and Renly's death. Brienne swears allegiance to Catelyn, who promises not to interfere with Brienne's vengeance against Stannis. Loras also blames Stannis, but Littlefinger and Margaery convince him to flee. Stannis arrives, and his dead brother's bannermen swear fealty to him. Following Davos' advice, Melisandre's blood magic is not used for the King's Landing assault; Stannis gives a reluctant Davos command of the fleet. In King's Landing Tyrion learns from Lancel that Cersei is stockpiling King Aerys's dangerously flammable \\\"wildfire\\\", and visits the royal pyromancer, Wisdom Hallyne, who reveals a massive cache of wildfire Joffrey intends to catapult at Stannis' forces. Bronn doubts the logistics and odds of Joffrey's idea, so Tyrion claims the cache for his own plan. In Qarth Daenerys holds court at Qarth as her dragons grow. The warlock Pyat Pree invites Daenerys to visit the \\\"House of the Undying\\\", while the masked Quaithe warns Ser Jorah of dangers facing Daenerys. Xaro asks to marry Daenerys in exchange for resources to take King's Landing. Jorah argues that Daenerys must win the Iron Throne on her own, and she eventually agrees. Beyond The Wall The Night's Watch meet legendary ranger Qhorin Halfhand at the Fist of the First Men, an ancient fortification. Qhorin warns that the wildlings have become more organized and dangerous under former ranger Mance Rayder. Jon volunteers to join Qhorin in eliminating a wildling watchpost. At Winterfell Receiving news that Torrhen's Square is under attack, Bran urges Ser Rodrik to raise defenders. He tells Osha of his dreams featuring a \\\"three-eyed raven\\\" but she deflects his inquiries. On The Iron Islands Despite Theon's lineage and title, his new ship's crew have little respect for him. Yara comes to make jokes at him. First mate Dagmer Cleftjaw explains Theon must win their respect. When Dagmer proposes assaulting the Northern town of Torrhen's Square, Theon realizes that will leave Winterfell poorly defended for a takeover. At Harrenhal Tywin holds council to discuss Robb Stark. Tywin deduces Arya is a Northerner, but remains unaware of her true identity. Jaqen H'ghar, disguised as a Lannister guardsman, offers Arya \\\"three lives\\\" in return for saving him and two others\",\n \"title\": \"The Ghost of Harrenhal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60673620\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Last of the Starks\\\" is the fourth episode of the eighth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, which aired on May 5, 2019 and is the 71st overall. It was written by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by David Nutter. \\\"The Last of the Starks\\\" shows the aftermath of the battle against the Army of the Dead while setting the stage for the final confrontation, with Daenerys, Jon, and their remaining forces going towards King's Landing to confront Cersei and demand her surrender. The episode received mixed reviews. Critics praised its return to the political intrigue of earlier Game of Thrones episodes, but criticized the episode's writing. It received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series and was picked by Emilia Clarke to support her nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. This episode marks the final appearance of Nathalie Emmanuel (Missandei), and Hannah Murray (Gilly), as well as the final appearances of six actors whose characters died in the previous episode, but were seen as corpses: Alfie Allen (Theon Greyjoy), Iain Glen (Ser Jorah Mormont), Bella Ramsey (Lyanna Mormont), Richard Dormer (Beric Dondarrion), Ben Crompton (Eddison Tollett), and Staz Nair (Qhono). Plot Jon leads a mass funeral cremation for the dead. At a feast, Daenerys legitimizes Gendry as a Baratheon and makes him Lord of Storm's End, the ancestral home of House Baratheon. Gendry proposes to Arya, but she declines. Brienne leaves a drinking game in discomfort when Tyrion guesses she is a virgin. Jaime goes to Brienne's room and they have sex. Daenerys is uncomfortable at the acclaim the wildlings give Jon and, in private, begs him to never reveal his true parentage. Jon reassures Daenerys that he has renounced his claim for hers but insists he must tell Arya and Sansa the truth. Daenerys plans to immediately storm King's Landing, but Sansa argues the soldiers need rest. Everyone notes that with the losses they have sustained and the Golden Company reinforcing Cersei, the odds are now almost perfectly even. Ultimately, they agree Jon will lead the army on foot while Daenerys and her fleet will sail to Dragonstone. Afterwards, Arya and Sansa tell Jon that they distrust Daenerys but Jon defends her. After swearing Sansa and Arya to secrecy, Jon has Bran tell Arya and Sansa of his true parentage. Bronn arrives to kill Jaime and Tyrion, but accepts their offer of Highgarden in exchange for their lives. Arya and Sandor \\\"The Hound\\\" Clegane ride for King's Landing. Sansa reveals Jon's parentage to Tyrion, who then tells Varys. Jon gives Ghost to Tormund, who plans to return north of the Wall with the wildlings; Tormund suggests that Jon join them. Jon also bids farewell to Sam and a pregnant Gilly. Euron's Iron Fleet ambushes Daenerys's fleet and kills Rhaegal. Missandei is captured. Daenerys is convinced to talk to Cersei first instead of attacking King's Landing. Varys fears for Daenerys's mental stability and tells\",\n \"title\": \"The Last of the Starks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60747617\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Bells\\\" is the fifth episode of the eighth season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones. The 72nd and penultimate episode of the series overall, it was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik. It first aired on HBO on May 12, 2019. \\\"The Bells\\\" features the final battle for control of the Iron Throne, with an army led by Daenerys Targaryen commencing its assault on Cersei Lannister and the people of King's Landing. In the episode, Tyrion Lannister betrays Varys and reveals Varys's treason to Daenerys; Jaime Lannister is freed by Tyrion; Arya Stark and Sandor \\\"The Hound\\\" Clegane seek personal vengeance; Jon Snow prepares to lead the ground forces against the Lannister army; and Drogon, mounted by Daenerys, burns the city down. The episode received a polarized response from critics and audiences alike. Critics praised the episode's visuals, as well as the acting and direction, but criticized the pacing and logic of the story, as well as its handling of the character arcs of Tyrion, Jaime, Cersei, Grey Worm, Varys, and particularly Daenerys. The episode received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for Lena Headey and Outstanding Production Design for a Fantasy Series, winning for Outstanding Fantasy/Sci-Fi Costumes and Outstanding Special Visual Effects. Plot On Dragonstone As Varys writes a letter about Jon Snow's true heritage, one of his \\\"little birds\\\" informs him that Daenerys continues to refuse food. He tells the child to \\\"try again at supper\\\". Soon after, Varys implores Jon to take the Iron Throne, but Jon refuses to betray Daenerys. Tyrion informs Daenerys of Varys' plot, and she has Drogon burn him alive. Later, Daenerys bemoans not having the love of the people in Westeros. Jon assures Daenerys that he loves her. However, when he halts their intimacy, Daenerys resigns herself to using fear to rule Westeros. Tyrion implores Daenerys to spare the commoners of King's Landing if the city bells ring, indicating surrender. Daenerys appears to accept. She then informs Tyrion that Jaime has been captured on his way to King's Landing and warns Tyrion not to fail her again. Tyrion arrives at the Targaryen forces' camp and frees Jaime so that, if the capital falls, Jaime can take Cersei to Pentos and live safely in seclusion. In King's Landing The next day, Arya Stark and Sandor Clegane enter the Red Keep amongst the civilians Cersei is using as human shields. The battle begins: Daenerys and Drogon burn the Iron Fleet and the Golden Company, and destroy the city's defences. Grey Worm kills Harry Strickland, and Daenerys' army storms King's Landing. Outmatched, the Lannister forces drop their weapons and the city rings the bells in surrender. However, Daenerys, driven mad by rage, does not accept the surrender and, atop Drogon, burns the city while her army participates in the massacre on the ground. Horrified by this turn of events, Jon unsuccessfully tries to stop his\",\n \"title\": \"The Bells (Game of Thrones)\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"38948809","text":"Martin Kenzie (29 April 1956 – 16 July 2012) was a British second unit director and cinematographer whose works include feature films such as The Shining (1980), Return of the Jedi (1983), Aliens (1986), The King's Speech (2010) and TV series including Rome (2005) and Game of Thrones (2012). He was a member of the British Society of Cinematographers as a Camera Operator and was later elected a \"Full Member of the Society\" with BSC accreditation in 2012. Kenzie was diagnosed with cancer and was being operated on with the help of Macmillan Cancer Support. He died on 16 July 2012 at the age of 56. The Game of Thrones season three premiere episode, \"Valar Dohaeris\", aired on 31 March 2013, was dedicated to the memory of Kenzie in the credits. Personal life and career Kenzie was born on 29 April 1956 in Cambridge, England and started his career as a production runner for a London-based TV Commercials Company named \"Picture Palace Productions\". Later he worked for the camera department at \"Samuelson Film Services\" while preparing motion picture cameras for hire. His first feature film work was for Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980) where he worked as an assistant cameraman with film's cinematographer John Alcott. Till 1984, Kenzie continued to work as a Second assistant camera on various films including Return of the Jedi (1983), Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) and A Passage to India (1984). Kenzie worked as First assistant camera on various other successful movies such as Robert Zemeckis' Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), Ron Howard's Willow (1988), Clint Eastwood's White Hunter Black Heart (1990), Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather Part III (1990) and David Fincher's Alien 3 (1992). Since the beginning of his career, Kenzie made significant contributions as a Second unit director. Alongside feature films, Kenzie also worked for Television. His first work as a main unit cinematography which credited him as a cinematographer came in 1998 with David L. Williams's short film Angels at My Bedside and for a feature film in 2007 with Chris Munro's comedy film Back in Business. For 2005's film Syriana, written and directed by Stephen Gaghan, Kenzie worked as an assistant director and contributed as cinematographer for various television series including Keen Eddie (2003–2004), Rome (2005), Game of Thrones (2012) and Playhouse Presents (2012). In 1998, Kenzie joined Associate Membership of the British Society of Cinematographers as a Camera Operator and with his progression as a Director of Photography, he was later elected a \"Full Member of the Society\" with BSC accreditation in 2012. Kenzie was diagnosed with cancer and was being operated on with the help of Macmillan Cancer Support. He died on 16 July 2012 at the age of 56. British Society of Cinematographers announced a memorial service to celebrate Kenzie's life on 2 September 2012. The television series Game of Thrones dedicated its season three premiere episode, \"Valar Dohaeris\", aired on 31 March 2013, to the memory of Kenzie in the credits. Kenzie had","title":"Martin Kenzie"},{"docid":"60559065","text":"\"Jenny of Oldstones\", alternatively titled \"My Jenny's Song\", is a song appearing in the HBO epic fantasy television series Game of Thrones. It was included in two separate parts in the second episode of the series' eighth season, \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\". In the first instance of the song, it was performed during the episode by character Podrick Payne, portrayed by Scottish actor Daniel Portman. The song then played during the episode's end credits, performed by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine. Florence and the Machine released the song as a single the day after the episode aired, on 22 April 2019. The song was released by HBO and record label Universal Music Group. Background \"Jenny of Oldstones\" is an adaptation of a fictional folk song mentioned in George R. R. Martin's fantasy novel series A Song of Ice and Fire, on which Game of Thrones is based. In the third novel in the series, A Storm of Swords, a mysterious elderly woods witch nicknamed \"the Ghost of High Heart\" asks the singer Tom of Sevenstreams to perform \"my Jenny's song\" as payment for her prophecies. Only one line of the song, \"High in the halls of the kings who are gone, Jenny would dance with her ghosts\", is quoted in the novel series, appearing in the epilogue chapter of A Storm of Swords. In the fictional history of A Song of Ice and Fire, the titular Jenny of Oldstones was a peasant girl whom the prince Duncan Targaryen gave up his inheritance to marry. The television version of the song is a folk ballad with influences of Celtic music. The song was written by German composer Ramin Djawadi, who composed all the music for Game of Thrones; and screenwriters D. B. Weiss and David Benioff, who added more lyrics to the fragment written by Martin in A Storm of Swords. Florence and the Machine's recording of it was produced by American musician Doveman and Florence and the Machine frontwoman Florence Welch. Weiss and Benioff reportedly approached Welch in 2012 to record the song \"The Rains of Castamere\", although she had turned down their request. Following the release of \"Jenny of Oldstones\", Welch stated in an interview with The New York Times that this was during her \"wild years\", when she was \"less focused\". In the episode \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\", the studio version of the song by Welch was played over the closing credits. The song was however first heard from the character Podrick Payne (played by Daniel Portman), who sang a verse in a sequence reminiscent of the scene in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King when Pippin sang \"The Edge of Night\" before the battle of Minas Tirith. The version sung by Portman is simplified in its harmonies, while the version by Welch is close to how Djawadi originally wrote it with more chord changes. Commercial performance \"Jenny of Oldstones\" debuted at number 75 in the UK","title":"Jenny of Oldstones"},{"docid":"41004928","text":"Tyrion Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones, where he is portrayed by American actor Peter Dinklage. Introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996), Tyrion is a prominent point of view character in the series, having the most viewpoint chapters in the first five published novels. He is one of a few prominent characters not included in A Feast for Crows (2005) but returned in A Dance with Dragons (2011), and is confirmed to appear in the forthcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter. Tyrion developed from a character concept Martin had while writing the 1981 novel Windhaven. He is Martin's favorite character in the series. Tyrion is the youngest child of Lord Tywin Lannister, the patriarch of House Lannister, the wealthiest family in the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros. A dwarf whose birth killed his mother, Tywin and his sister Cersei despise him as a result. Tyrion soothes his perceived inadequacies with wit and self-indulgence, also using his status as a Lannister and the support of his brother Jaime to better his own position. Tyrion has been called one of the author's finest creations and most popular characters by The New York Times. The popularity of the character led Martin and Bantam Books to publish The Wit & Wisdom of Tyrion Lannister (2013), an illustrated collection of Tyrion quotes from the novels. Dinklage has received widespread critical acclaim for his performance as Tyrion. He won four Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film. He is the only Game of Thrones actor to win an Emmy award and the only actor to receive a nomination for each season. Character Description In A Game of Thrones (1996), Tyrion is introduced as the third and youngest child of wealthy and powerful Tywin Lannister, the former Hand of the King, and Joanna Lannister, who dies giving birth to him. Tyrion's elder sister, Cersei, is the Queen of Westeros by virtue of her marriage to King Robert Baratheon, and Cersei's male twin, Jaime, is one of the Kingsguard, the royal bodyguard. Described as an ugly (\"for all the world like a gargoyle\"), malformed dwarf with different colored eyes, green and black, Tyrion possesses the white-blond hair of a Lannister but has a complicated relationship with the rest of them. While he is afforded the privilege and luxuries of his family, he is treated as a \"second class noble\" because of his stature. Tyrion's mother, Joanna, died giving birth to him and Tywin and Cersei loathe him because they blame him for her death. While Tywin bears no affection for Tyrion, he nevertheless feels a sense of duty to his son, raising him in the Lannister fold and extending Tyrion a share of the family wealth. In contrast to Tywin and","title":"Tyrion Lannister"},{"docid":"46191804","text":"Dave Hill (born May 15, 1984) is an American television writer. He is known for writing four episodes of the HBO series Game of Thrones: in season 5, \"Sons of the Harpy\"; in season 6, \"Home\"; in season 7, \"Eastwatch\"; and in season 8, \"Winterfell\". Hill began working as an assistant to Game of Thrones executive producers/writers David Benioff and D.B. Weiss in season 2. In 2014, Hill became a staff writer for the fifth season and was assigned to write an episode. He was credited as story editor on Season 6 and executive story editor on Season 7, and wrote an episode for each. In \"Winterfell\", he appeared in a cameo as an Ironborn soldier killed by Theon Greyjoy. Television References External links Living people American television writers American male television writers 1984 births","title":"Dave Hill (screenwriter)"},{"docid":"51284978","text":"This is the list of works by Ramin Djawadi, an Iranian-German composer and music producer. Djawadi has composed and produced over one hundred soundtracks and film scores for both film and TV. He is best known for the score of HBO's series, Game of Thrones, along with other shows like Prison Break, Person of Interest and Westworld. He is also known for movie scores like Pacific Rim, Iron Man, and Warcraft. He also worked alongside Ellie Goulding for her song \"Hollow Crown\" in the album For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones. Djawadi won two Emmy Awards in the category Outstanding Music Composition for a Series for his work on the soundtracks of season 7 and season 8 of Game of Thrones in 2018 and 2019. He was also nominated for Grammy Awards in 2009, 2018, and 2020. Discography Films 2000s 2010s 2020s Television Television films Television series Video games Concert tours Awards References External links Discographies of classical composers Discographies of German artists Discographies of Iranian artists Film and television discographies Lists of compositions by composer List of works","title":"List of works by Ramin Djawadi"},{"docid":"32733532","text":"A Song of Ice and Fire, the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin, has formed the basis of several works in different media. Novellas Dunk and Egg Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels. These novellas are known as the Tales of Dunk and Egg after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen. The stories have no direct connection to the plot of A Song of Ice and Fire, although both characters are mentioned in A Storm of Swords and A Feast For Crows, respectively. The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The Hedge Knight in Legends (1998) The Sworn Sword in Legends II (2003) The Mystery Knight in Warriors (2010) The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms. The first of these, comprising the first three novellas, was published – with illustrations by Gary Gianni – in October 2015, and in unillustrated translations earlier. Film or TV adaptations of the novellas are being discussed, according to Martin in 2014. He wrote that because HBO owns the TV rights to the setting of Westeros (if not to the characters of the novellas), it would be preferable to have HBO adopt the novellas also. The first and second novellas were, in addition, adapted as graphic novels: Other novellas Martin has written three additional novellas that are written as historical accounts of events that took place long before the events of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels or the Dunk and Egg novellas. The Princess and the Queen, published in Dangerous Women (2013), details the civil war called the \"Dance of the Dragons\" between Aegon and Rhaenyra Targaryen about the succession to the Iron Throne. A fifth novella, The Rogue Prince, or, a King's Brother, was published in the 2014 anthology Rogues. It is a prequel to The Princess and the Queen and concerns the life of Prince Daemon Targaryen, Rhaenyra's second husband. Most recently, The Sons of the Dragon was published in the 2017 anthology The Book of Swords, and chronicles the lives of Aenys I and Maegor I Targaryen (later known as \"Maegor the Cruel\"), who were the second and third kings to sit the Iron Throne, respectively. Television series Game of Thrones (2011–19) In March 2010, HBO greenlit a television series based on A Song of Ice and Fire, written and executive produced by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Called Game of Thrones, it stars an ensemble cast including Sean Bean and Peter Dinklage. The series premiered on 17 April 2011. A critical and commercial success, it ran for eight seasons, concluding in 2019. The series has itself given rise to several derived works, including soundtrack albums and a wide range of merchandise. House of the Dragon (2022–present) House of the Dragon is an American fantasy drama television series created","title":"Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire"},{"docid":"54281805","text":"Throne of Fire is an action strategy video game. It was designed by Mike Singleton, developed by Consult Computer Systems, and published by Melbourne House. The game was released for the Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum in 1987. Throne of Fire is set in the Burning Citadel, located around the rim of a volcano. The game focuses on three princes in the Burning Citadel where they and their men-at-arms fight to the death to gain the Throne of Fire after their father's death. Throne of Fire received positive reviews from industry critics, with some reviewers speaking positive of the graphics while other criticized the lack of difficulty in the single player mode, instead recommending playing with two players. Gameplay Throne of Fire is an action strategy game. Set in the Burning Citadel, located around the rim of a volcano, the player assumes the role of one of the three princes of the recently deceased King Atherik: Alorn the Lion Prince, Cordrin the Sun Prince, and Karag the Wolf Prince. As one of the princes, the player can play against two computer players or a second player and a computer player, who play the role of the other two princes. Each prince and their men-at-arms must fight the other princes and their army to the death. The player must also fight against the King's Guard, the protectors of the Throne of Fire. Weapons with their own strengths and weaknesses can be found around the castle, along with magical objects that can increase or decrease a character's strength. Each army group are distinguished by color, with Prince Alorn and his men as red, Cordrin as yellow, Karag as purple, and the King's Guard as green. The castle has one hundred rooms to enter through. If any characters enters a room, their group color will light up the room. Each of the princes starts with nine men-at-arms. Reinforcements will join the side of whoever last visit Gate Rooms. If no one entered a Gate Room before the man-at-arms appears, they will join the King's Guard. Once the player enters the Throne Room with their prince, they become the king and takes control of the King's Guard. The other players lose the ability to control their men-at-arms, with their men staying in their rooms to defend themselves. If the new king dies, the King's Guard will return to being neutral and the other princes regain their men. Development Throne of Fire was designed by Mike Singleton, known for designing other fantasy games such as Lords of Midnight, Doomdark's Revenge, and Dark Sceptre. It was developed under Consult Computer Systems, who worked on the programming, graphics, and music and was published by Melbourne House. This was the first game Singleton made in association with Melbourne House. Jim Bagley was given the position of programmer for the game, the first game he ever worked on. The game was released in April 1987 on the Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum. A Commodore 64 port was also planned,","title":"Throne of Fire"},{"docid":"42586098","text":"Dean-Charles Chapman (born 7 September 1997) is an English actor known for portraying Billy Elliot in the West End theatre production of Billy Elliot the Musical. His notable TV roles include Richard Grey in The White Queen (2013) and Tommen Baratheon in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones (2014-2016). He also portrayed Tom Blake in Sam Mendes's film 1917 (2019). Career At the age of eight, Chapman was cast as \"Small Boy\" in Billy Elliot the Musical, and would later be promoted to the roles of Michael and finally the titular character, becoming the second-longest running cast member in the production. During his time on Billy Elliot, he worked alongside future Spider-Man actor Tom Holland, and had the opportunity to meet Prime Minister Gordon Brown with several other young actors in the play. Soon after leaving Billy Elliot, Chapman was cast on the CBBC sitcom The Revolting World of Stanley Brown in the lead role, alongside fellow future Game of Thrones and Blinded by the Light co-star Nell Williams. The show lasted for one season. He made his film debut in the 2014 film Before I Go to Sleep, alongside Nicole Kidman and Colin Firth. After playing the minor role of Martyn Lannister in the third season of Game of Thrones, he replaced Callum Wharry in the major role of Tommen Baratheon, the young king of Westeros for the fourth, fifth, and sixth seasons of the show. With the rest of the cast, he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. In 2018, he played the role of Castor in the AMC series Into the Badlands for seven episodes, followed by a supporting role in the film Blinded by the Light. In 2019, he was cast, alongside George MacKay, as one of the two leads in the Sam Mendes-directed war film 1917. The film went on to receive ten Academy Award nominations, winning three. Subsequently, he played the lead role of Matthew in the Eoin Macken's drama Here Are the Young Men, supported by Finn Cole, Anya Taylor-Joy, and Ferdia Walsh-Peelo. Personal life In 2015, it was speculated that Chapman was dating Nell Tiger Free, who played Myrcella Baratheon on Game of Thrones; they subsequently split up and deleted all social-media posts of a romance. Chapman is close friends with his Game of Thrones co-star Isaac Hempstead Wright (Bran Stark), whom he met through his involvement with the series. Filmography Film Television Stage Awards and nominations References External links 1997 births 21st-century English male actors English male film actors English male television actors English male stage actors English male child actors Living people Male actors from London Actors from the London Borough of Havering","title":"Dean-Charles Chapman"},{"docid":"56201857","text":"Super TV () is a Korean variety show by Super Junior distributed by XtvN and tvN. The show airs on Xtvn every Thursday at 08:00 PM KST and tvN every Friday at 6:40 PM KST. Originally it was on air on both stations every Friday at 11:30 PM KST before being moved on June 7, 2018. History Super Junior made a success with their own short reality show SJ Returns back in 2017 and promised to come back as a fixed reality show. On January 2, 2018, a source from Label SJ announced that the group will be launching their own variety show titled “Super TV”. Season 1 aired from January 28, 2018, until April 13, 2018. The show went on hiatus after that and returned on May 29, 2018, with an earlier introduction on SMTOWN's V Live channel. Season 2 aired from June 7, 2018 until August 23, 2018. On this season, the show changed its format. The programme changed its day and time slot from every Friday at 11:30 PM KST to every Thursday at 08:00 PM KST for Xtvn and every Friday at 6:40 PM KST for tvN . On 23 August, the show went on hiatus again and promised to come back for a third season. Plot Season 1: Super Junior Crazy Idol Variety (슈퍼주니어 i돌아이어티) Super TV is a new concept variety show in which varied entertainment formats are re-created and twisted in Super Junior's own way. This concept is called Super Junior Crazy Idol Variety (슈퍼주니어 i돌아이어티). The show's format will include quiz show, talk show, game show, eating show, reality, documentary, sports, film and comedy. Season 2: King's Game (왕좌의 게임) Super TV returns with a new concept variety show titled Game of Thrones (왕좌의 게임). Super Junior is famous for being King of Variety Show idols and will invite any idols who want to challenge them for the title. The show will still include the previous season's format, the difference being other idols will challenge them. If they can win 5 episodes in a row, they will go for a luxury holiday overseas. The term was changed from episode 8, to just 3 consecutive wins for a vacation within South Korea. Each episode has two main segments. The first one is Liar King (라이어 왕), a segment where Super Junior verifies if the guests' listed skills and specialties are true. This is done through games or showing of talents, where the guests are labeled as \"liars\" should they fail the verification. The second segment consists of a maximum of two games that Super Junior has chosen to challenge the guests: Rokkuko King (로꾸거 왕) – Questions are being read backwards by each team and the opposing team will have to answer them correctly. Food Show King (먹방 왕) – The game played in this segment is related to eating. Inference King (추리 왕) – One team will be given a title of movie or song and they need to say one syllable","title":"Super Junior's Super TV"},{"docid":"1410865","text":"Cersei Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones, where she is portrayed by actress Lena Headey. Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Cersei is a member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families on the continent of Westeros. She subsequently appears in A Clash of Kings (1998) and A Storm of Swords (2000), and becomes a prominent point of view character beginning with A Feast for Crows (2005). Cersei will continue to be a point-of-view character in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter. Cersei is Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros by marriage to King Robert Baratheon, who abuses her throughout their marriage. Her father, Tywin, arranged the marriage after his attempt to betroth her to Prince Rhaegar Targaryen, whom she idolized as a child, failed. Robert took the Throne with the help of the Lannisters when he ended the Targaryen dynasty. Cersei has been involved in an incestuous affair with her twin brother, Jaime, since childhood. All three of Cersei's children are Jaime's, unbeknownst to Robert. The rumored illegitimacy of her children causes a power struggle in the wake of the king's death, known as the War of the Five Kings. Cersei's main character attributes are her lust for power, scheming, transgressive viewpoint, and her love for her children, whom she seeks to protect. She is considered one of the most complex characters in the story. Headey received widespread critical acclaim for her portrayal of the character on the HBO series Game of Thrones. She was nominated for five Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. Headey and the rest of the cast were nominated for seven Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. In season 5 of the series, a young version of the character is portrayed by Nell Williams in a flashback. Character background A Song of Ice and Fire Cersei is the only daughter and the eldest child of 56-year-old Tywin Lannister and his late wife, Joanna; her twin brother, Jaime, was born soon after Cersei. At the beginning of the novels, Cersei is 32 years old and has been queen consort for 14 years. Cersei and Jaime looked so similar as children that Cersei occasionally wore Jaime's clothes and was mistaken for him. The twins experimented sexually at an early age but were discovered by a servant, who informed their mother. Joanna tasked a guard to keep the twins separated and kept the matter a secret from their father, threatening the twins that she would inform him if they ever repeated it. Soon afterward, Joanna died giving birth to the twins' younger dwarf brother, Tyrion when the twins were seven. Cersei blamed Tyrion for Joanna's death and started to abuse him","title":"Cersei Lannister"},{"docid":"1888770","text":"Viserys Targaryen is the name of three kings from the fictional House Targaryen in A Song of Ice and Fire and works based on it: Viserys I Targaryen, a character in the novel The Princess and the Queen and the television series House of the Dragon. Viserys II Targaryen, a character in The Princess and the Queen under the title Prince Viserys. Viserys III Targaryen, a character in the novel A Game of Thrones and season 1 of the television series Game of Thrones. See also List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters List of Game of Thrones characters","title":"Viserys Targaryen"},{"docid":"1325334","text":"Jaime Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin and its television adaptation Game of Thrones, where he is portrayed by Danish actor Nikolaj Coster-Waldau. Jaime becomes a prominent point of view character in the novels beginning with A Storm of Swords (2000). Introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996), Jaime is a knight of the Kingsguard and one of the best swordsmen in the seven kingdoms. He is a member of House Lannister, the wealthiest and one of the most powerful families in the kingdom of Westeros. He is the elder son of Tywin Lannister, twin brother of Cersei, with whom he has a longstanding incestuous relationship, and brother of Tyrion. Although Jaime first appears to be unscrupulous and immoral, he later proves to be more complex, honorable, and sympathetic. His lengthy character development has been praised by critics of the novels and the television show. Jaime is one of the most popular characters in both versions of the series. Coster-Waldau received critical praise for his portrayal and several award nominations including a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television, a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, People's Choice Awards Favorite TV Anti-Hero, and two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series nominations. He and the rest of the cast were nominated for five Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. Character description In A Game of Thrones (1996), Jaime is introduced as one of the Kingsguard, the royal security detail, the son of the wealthy and powerful Tywin Lannister (the former Hand of the King), and one of the greatest swordsmen in the Seven Kingdoms with few able to match him, such as Barristan Selmy, Garlan Tyrell, Loras Tyrell. Jaime's twin is Cersei, the Queen of Westeros by virtue of her marriage to King Robert Baratheon. Jaime is derisively referred to as \"the Kingslayer\" because he killed the \"Mad King\" Aerys Targaryen in the coup that put Robert on the Iron Throne. Eric Dodds of TIME described Jaime as \"handsome, an incomparably skilled fighter and disarmingly witty\". The New Yorker called the Lannisters \"a crowd of high-cheekboned beauties ... who form a family constellation so twisted, charismatic, and cruel that it rivals Flowers in the Attic for blond dysfunction\". Lev Grossman wrote for TIME that while Jaime and Cersei's younger brother Tyrion is a grotesque dwarf, \"the rest of the Lannisters are stunted too, but on the inside.\" The Los Angeles Times called Jaime \"handsome and unscrupulous\", though Dodds noted in 2014: Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly noted that in the novels, \"[Jaime is] a vaguely villainous minor character in Game of Thrones, then is basically absent from Clash of Kings, and suddenly he becomes a tragic hero in Storm of Swords.\" In A Game of Thrones, Jaime is not only carrying on an","title":"Jaime Lannister"},{"docid":"51286340","text":"The soundtrack album of the eighth season of HBO series Game of Thrones, titled Game of Thrones: Season 8, was released digitally on May 19, 2019, a double CD was released July 19, 2019, and was released on vinyl later in the year. Ramin Djawadi received his seventh Primetime Emmy Award nomination, for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Original Dramatic Score), for the season's third episode, \"The Long Night\" and then won the award, making two consecutive wins for Djawadi. Background \"It's been such an honor to be a part of this incredible show for the past eight years\", said Ramin Djawadi. Djawadi says of his track \"The Night King\": \"When I talked to Miguel [Sapochnik], the director, and when David [Benioff] and [D. B. Weiss] came to my studio and we started working on this episode, we all agreed that it had to be a piano piece again, just like 'Light of the Seven'.[...] It definitely misled the audience because of what they knew from 'Light of the Seven', back in season six. We always treated the music as another character in the show.\" Track listing Charts References 2019 soundtrack albums Soundtrack Ramin Djawadi soundtracks WaterTower Music soundtracks Classical music soundtracks Instrumental soundtracks Television soundtracks","title":"Game of Thrones: Season 8 (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"26380560","text":"Brienne of Tarth is a fictional character in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and its television adaptation, Game of Thrones. She is a prominent point of view character in the novels. Brienne is introduced in the second novel of the series, 1998's A Clash of Kings, as a warrior fighting for the honor of serving in the Kingsguard of Renly Baratheon. She later swears her loyalty to Catelyn Stark and vows to return the captive Jaime Lannister to King's Landing in exchange for Sansa and Arya Stark, whom Catelyn believes are being held by the Lannisters. She additionally appears in A Feast for Crows (2005) and A Dance with Dragons (2011). Because she is a woman, Brienne is barred from serving as a knight, even though she is one of the most honorable and skilled warriors in all of Westeros. Her personal struggle towards honor, justice, and recognition has received significant critical attention, as has her complex relationship with Jaime, and she is one of the more popular characters in both the novels and television show. In the television series, Brienne is portrayed by English actress Gwendoline Christie and is introduced in season two. After appearing as a recurring cast member for two seasons, Christie was promoted to the main cast from season four onwards. Christie has received significant critical praise for her portrayal. For her performance in season three, she was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television and for two Screen Actors Guild Awards, alongside the rest of the cast, for the third and fourth seasons. In 2019, she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her performance in the series's final season. Character Background Brienne is the daughter and only surviving child of Lord Selwyn Tarth, Lord of Evenfall Hall on the island of Tarth. House Tarth is a bannerman to House Baratheon, the lord paramount of the Stormlands. Brienne's mother died when she was a child, and she had a single older brother, Galladon, who drowned when she was 8, and two younger sisters, both of whom died in infancy. Brienne as a child was under the tutelage of Septa Roelle, who found fault in everything about Brienne and destroyed her self-esteem. She told Brienne that although a man would marry her, as she is heiress to her father's land, he could never desire her. Brienne's father tried to find her a suitor to wed. This proved to be difficult, however, due to both Brienne's resistance and her ungainly appearance. Nonetheless, three successive but ultimately unsuccessful betrothals were attempted. The first was when she was 7 and her fiancé was 10, but he died of an illness. Next, a betrothal was brokered by the lord of the land-poor house Connington, to his young newly knighted heir Ronnet, but young Ser Ronnet broke the betrothal the first time he met Brienne. Brienne's father's last attempt","title":"Brienne of Tarth"},{"docid":"10200994","text":"Image Engine (also known as Image Engine Design Inc.) is a Visual effects studio based in Vancouver, BC, that offers a range of services for feature films and television, from concept designs and pre-visualization to CG animation, compositing, and explosive volumetric digital effects. Their work includes contributions for the films and series District 9, The Mandalorian, Game of Thrones, Lost in Space, Jurassic World and Elysium. In 2022, they won a Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects In A Season Or A Movie for The Book of Boba Fett. In July 2015, they partnered with Cinesite. Other partner companies include Trixter, Squeeze, L'Atelier, FX3X, Assemblage, and the Imaginarium Studios. Credits 2024 Lift 3 Body Problem 2023 Kraven the Hunter Ahsoka The Mandalorian: Season 3 2022 Willow The School for Good and Evil Obi-Wan Kenobi Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore Moon Knight Snowpiercer: Season 3 2021 The Book of Boba Fett Swan Song The Unforgivable Hawkeye The Mandalorian: Season 2 Venom: Let There Be Carnage Twilight Zone: Season 2 Chaos Walking Snowpiercer: Season 2 2020 Mulan Project Power The Old Guard Bloodshot Harley Quinn: Birds of Prey Underwater 2019 The Mandalorian Spider-Man: Far From Home John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum Pokémon Detective Pikachu 2018 Overlord Fantastic Beast: The Crimes of Grindelwald Skyscraper Kin Tully Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Lost in Space (2018 TV series): (#1. 10) Lost in Space (2018 TV series): (#1. 6) Lost in Space (2018 TV series): (#1. 2) Lost in Space (2018 TV series) (#1. 1) Game of Thrones (season 8): The Bells (#8. 5) Game of Thrones (season 8): The Long Night (#8. 3) Game of Thrones (season 8): Winterfell (#8. 1) The X-Files (season 11): My Struggle III (#11. 1) 2017 Thor: Ragnarok Game of Thrones (season 7): The Dragon and the Wolf (#7. 7) Game of Thrones (season 7): Eastwatch (#7. 5) Game of Thrones (season 7): The Spoils of War (#7. 4) Game of Thrones (season 7): Dragonstone (#7. 1) Detroit Power Rangers Logan 2016 Assassin's Creed Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV Independence Day: Resurgence Game of Thrones (season 6): The Winds of Winter (#6. 10) Game of Thrones (season 6): Battle of the Bastards (#6. 9) Game of Thrones (season 6): No One (#6. 8) Game of Thrones (season 6): The Broken Man (#6. 7) Game of Thrones (season 6): Blood of My Blood (#6. 6) Game of Thrones (season 6): The Door (#6. 5) Game of Thrones (season 6): Book of the Stranger (#6. 4) Game of Thrones (season 6): Oathbreaker (#6. 3) Game of Thrones (season 6): Home (#6. 2) Game of Thrones (season 6): The Red Woman (#6. 1) Captain America: Civil War The X-Files (season 10) Deadpool 2015 The Revenant Point Break The Man in the High Castle (TV series) The Last Witch Hunter Straight Outta Compton Jurassic World San Andreas Game of Thrones (season 5): Mother's Mercy (#5. 10) Game of Thrones (season 5): The Dance","title":"Image Engine"},{"docid":"35887650","text":"\"Blackwater\" is the ninth and penultimate episode of the second season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 19th overall. The episode was directed by Neil Marshall, his directorial debut for the series, and written by George R. R. Martin, the author of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels from which the series is adapted. It first aired on May 27, 2012. The episode centers around the Battle of Blackwater Bay, in which the Lannister army, commanded by acting Hand of the King Tyrion Lannister, defends the city of King's Landing against a naval invasion by the Baratheon army, commanded by Stannis Baratheon, who seeks to take the Iron Throne for himself. Unlike all previous episodes, \"Blackwater\" does not feature the storylines of characters outside of King's Landing, making it the first episode of the series to take place entirely in one location. The episode achieved a viewership of 3.38 million during its initial airing in the United States. \"Blackwater\" received acclaim from critics and audiences, with many praising the acting and visual effects in particular. At the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards, the episode won the awards for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Drama Series (One-Hour) and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Series (One Hour). It was Peter Dinklage's choice to support his nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. The episode was also the recipient of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form. Plot Davos leads Stannis's fleet into Blackwater Bay. Grand Maester Pycelle gives Cersei a poison to use should Stannis take the city. Outside the Red Keep, Bronn's carousing is soured by the Hound; their tension is interrupted by bells, indicating Stannis's fleet has been spotted. Varys brings Tyrion a map of the tunnels beneath King's Landing. King Joffrey leads his forces from the Red Keep and orders Sansa to kiss his sword, vowing to use it to kill Stannis. The noble ladies and children shelter at Maegor's Holdfast under Ser Ilyn Payne's watch. Cersei drunkenly mocks Sansa's innocence, warning she will be raped if the city falls. Stannis's fleet is confronted by a single unmanned ship, which Davos realizes too late is a trap: the ship, rigged with explosive \"wildfire\", kills scores of Stannis's men, seemingly including Davos and his son Matthos. Stannis orders his surviving army to attack the vulnerable Mud Gate. The defenders are routed; Lancel, injured, retreats to the Holdfast. Set on edge by his childhood fear of fire and disgusted by Joffrey's cowardice, the Hound deserts his post and renounces his allegiance to the Lannisters. Stannis himself storms the battlements as his men employ a battering ram. Cersei nearly learns Shae's true origins, while Sansa realizes Ser Ilyn's orders: to kill her and Cersei if the city falls. Cersei orders Lancel to bring Joffrey to safety; frightened, Joffrey orders Ser Mandon Moore to take command. Tyrion rouses the defenders and leads them through a tunnel from Varys's map, flanking the Baratheon","title":"Blackwater (Game of Thrones)"},{"docid":"42534131","text":"\"Ignition Point\" is the twenty-second episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series Adventure Time. The episode was written and storyboarded by Somvilay Xayaphone and Bert Youn, from a story by Patrick McHale, Kent Osborne, and Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on September 17, 2012. The episode guest stars Keith David as Flame King and Paul F. Tompkins as Furnius. The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In this episode, Finn and Jake sneak into the Fire Kingdom on a quest for the Flame Princess (voiced by Jessica DiCicco). Once there, they discover a plot to assassinate the Flame King, and try to thwart it. The idea for \"Ignition Point\" had been developed at a writers meeting, wherein Tom Herpich wanted to focus on political intrigue in the Fire Kingdom. The episode was seen by 2.256 million viewers, and received mostly positive reviews from critics. Oliver Sava of The A.V. Club appreciated how the episode ran the gauntlet from toilet humour to Shakespearean references. Plot While spending time with Flame Princess (voiced by Jessica DiCicco), Finn and Jake learn that she misses her scented candles, which she left in the Fire Kingdom. The duo volunteer to retrieve them, but Flame Princess tells them to be careful and watch out for her evil father, Flame King (voiced by Keith David). Once they enter the Flame Kingdom, Finn and Jake manage to acquire the candles, but hear a conspiracy to assassinate the king between two fire beings, one of whom has an untied shoe, and the other has a hissy voice. Finn and Jake traverse the Flame Kingdom palace, trying to identify the culprits. Eventually, Jake gets the idea to dress up as actors and perform a play wherein they pretend to be the conspirators; this will cause the real assassins to act suspicious. Their plan goes awry, and Flame King believes them to be the actual assassins. However, by a lucky turn of events, Finn and Jake are able to unveil the actual culprits, who are the children of Flame King's brother, whom he murdered to acquire the throne. Finn is concerned that, because her father is truly evil, Flame Princess might be evil as well, but Flame King notes that someone with a good spirit could change her. Production \"Ignition Point\" was written and storyboarded by Somvilay Xayaphone and Bert Youn, from a story developed by series creator Pendleton Ward, Patrick McHale, and Kent Osborne. The origin for the episode was from a writers game. The impetus had been pitched by Herpich, who was interested in \"political intrigue in the Fire Kingdom\". Originally, he wanted to base it tonally on Game of Thrones, but the ending episode came out more Shakespearean. Adam Muto revealed via Spring.me that the series' writers and","title":"Ignition Point"},{"docid":"5885099","text":"The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series is an award presented since 1951 by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). The award goes to the producers of the series. The award is often cited as one of the \"main awards\" at the Emmys ceremonies. History Since its institution in 1951 the award has changed names many times in its history. It was first called Best Dramatic Show from 1951 to 1954, then Best Dramatic Series in 1955 and 1956. In 1957, no specific award for drama was given, but in 1958 the category was split into two separate categories, Best Dramatic Anthology Series, and Best Dramatic Series with Continuing Characters with a winner selected from each category. The following year, the category was differently split into two separate categories, Best Dramatic Series – Less Than One Hour. In 1960, the name was changed yet again to Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Drama; this name was kept from 1960 to 1964. In 1966, it had its sixth name change to Outstanding Dramatic Series or Outstanding Series-Drama; this was used from 1966 until recently, when it became Outstanding Drama Series. In 1988, Rumpole of the Bailey (PBS) was initially nominated in the Outstanding Miniseries category but the Academy ruled that the nomination was not valid a few days later and later allowed the program to compete in the Outstanding Drama Series category. Since 2000, every single winner has been a serial drama: The West Wing (2000–2003), The Sopranos (2004, 2007), Lost (2005), 24 (2006), Mad Men (2008–2011), Homeland (2012), Breaking Bad (2013–2014), Game of Thrones (2015–2016, 2018–2019), The Handmaid's Tale (2017), Succession (2020, 2022-2023), and The Crown (2021). Since the advent of Hill Street Blues in 1981, every winner has had some serialized arcs with the exception of Law & Order. The majority of these shows have won between their first and fifth seasons. Only two shows' sixth seasons have won (both HBO shows): The Sopranos and Game of Thrones, two shows' seventh seasons have won: Law & Order and Game of Thrones and one show's eighth season has won: Game of Thrones. Winners and nominations The following tables, divided by decade, display the winners and nominees of the \"Drama Series\" award, according to the Primetime Emmy Awards database: 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Programs with multiple wins 4 wins Game of Thrones (2 consecutive, twice) Hill Street Blues (consecutive) L.A. Law (3 consecutive) Mad Men (consecutive) The West Wing (consecutive) 3 wins The Defenders (consecutive) Dragnet (consecutive) Playhouse 90 (consecutive) Succession (2 consecutive) Upstairs, Downstairs (2 consecutive) 2 wins Breaking Bad (consecutive) Cagney & Lacey (consecutive) Lou Grant (consecutive) Mission: Impossible (consecutive) Picket Fences (consecutive) The Practice (consecutive) The Sopranos The United States Steel Hour (consecutive) Programs with multiple nominations 11 nominations Law & Order 8 nominations Game of Thrones Mad Men 7 nominations Better Call Saul ER The Sopranos Studio One The West Wing 6 nominations Hill Street Blues L.A. Law NYPD","title":"Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series"},{"docid":"8011259","text":"Scanline VFX is a global visual effects and animation company founded 1989 in Munich. The studio is led by VFX Supervisor Stephan Trojansky. The company has 7 locations including Munich, Stuttgart, Los Angeles, Vancouver, Montreal, London, and Seoul. Scanline has recently completed work on films from the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) such as Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), Black Widow, Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings and Eternals (all 2021), and films based on DC Comics such as Zack Snyder's Justice League, The Suicide Squad (both 2021) and The Batman (2022). They have also worked on Terminator: Dark Fate, Gemini Man (both 2019), Godzilla vs. Kong, Free Guy and Don't Look Up (all 2021). In terms of television, Scanline has worked on Game of Thrones season eight (2019), Shadow and Bone (2021-), Foundation (2021-), Cowboy Bebop (2021) and Stranger Things season four (2022). In November 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire Scanline with plans for it to operate as a standalone business working with a variety of clients. The acquisition closed in the first quarter of 2022. Accolades Scanline is responsible for the development of its proprietary fluid effects software, Flowline. Scanline was the sole developer of Flowline and in 2008, was the recipient of a Scientific and Technical Achievement Academy Award for the software. In 2010, Scanline was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for its work on Clint Eastwood's Hereafter, for which it was the sole visual effects vendor. Scanline received a BAFTA nomination for Best Special Visual Effects in 2010 for its work on Iron Man 3 as well as a second Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects in 2014, for Captain America: The Winter Soldier. In 2010, Scanline won its first Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Feature Motion Picture for Hereafter. Scanline has two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Special Visual Effects to its credit for its work on Season Four and Season Eight of Game of Thrones as well as an HPA Award for Outstanding Visual Effects and a Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Created Environment for episode The Iron Throne. Completed projects 300 2012 300: Rise of an Empire 6 Underground A Good Day to Die Hard American Renegades Ant-Man and the Wasp Aquaman Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Battleship Ben-Hur Between Two Ferns: The Movie Bird Box Black Panther Black Widow Blackhat Bumblebee Captain America: The Winter Soldier Captain Marvel Charlie's Angels Cosmos: Possible Worlds Divergent Exodus: Gods and Kings Eternals Furious 7 Game of Thrones Gemini Man Geostorm Godzilla Godzilla vs. Kong Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Gulliver's Travels Hereafter Hotel Lux Immortals In the Fade In the Heart of the Sea Independence Day: Resurgence Into the Storm Iron Man Iron Man 3 Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver Joker Journey 2: The Mysterious Island Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Justice League King Arthur: Legend of the Sword Kong: Skull Island Looper Luther Man of Steel Midway","title":"Scanline VFX"},{"docid":"1289464","text":"Eddard \"Ned\" Stark known as The Quiet Wolf is a fictional character in the 1996 fantasy novel A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin, and Game of Thrones, HBO's adaptation of Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series. In the storyline, Ned is the lord of Winterfell, an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros. Though the character is established as the main character in the novel and the first season of the TV adaptation, a plot twist involving Ned near the end of the novel and the end of the first season shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series. Ned is portrayed by veteran English actor Sean Bean in the first season of Game of Thrones, as a child by Sebastian Croft in the sixth season and as a young adult by Robert Aramayo in the sixth and seventh seasons. Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role. He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011. Character Description In A Game of Thrones (1996), Ned Stark is introduced as the virtuous and honorable patriarch of House Stark and the father of six children. The moral compass of the story, he is content to remain far from courtly intrigues and is unwavering in his view of loyalty and honor. His family name, Stark, serves as an indication of his resistance to moral compromise, but his boundaries are increasingly tested over the course of the novel. Finding himself a key player in the escalating political intrigue of King's Landing, Ned struggles as his own sense of honor draws him into corrupt goings-on at court. As the story progresses, he begins to see the importance of moral and practical compromises to achieve a just end, and is ultimately forced to choose between the safety of his family and doing what is right. Sean Bean said of the character, \"He's a good man trying to do his best in the middle of this corruption, he's a fish out of water, he's used to being up north in Winterfell where people are pretty straight and pragmatic, and he comes down to a place where people are playing games and backstabbing ... he's a principled man who tries to hold things together. This is a journey that he makes where ultimately his loyalty causes his downfall.\" Development and overview Publishers Weekly noted in 1996 that, despite the honest Ned Stark's intervention in court politics, \"no amount of heroism or good intentions can keep the realm under control.\" From his very first introduction, Ned is portrayed as a noble hero and set up to be the heart of the story. With fifteen chapters devoted to his point of view, more than any single character in the novel, he is presented as","title":"Ned Stark"},{"docid":"51286338","text":"The soundtrack album of the seventh season of HBO series Game of Thrones, titled Game of Thrones: Season 7, was released digitally on August 25, 2017 on CD on September 29, 2017. Track listing Credits and personnel Personnel adapted from the album liner notes. David Benioff – liner notes Ramin Djawadi – composer, primary artist, producer D.B. Weiss – liner notes Charts Awards and nominations References 2017 soundtrack albums Soundtrack Ramin Djawadi soundtracks WaterTower Music soundtracks Classical music soundtracks Instrumental soundtracks Television soundtracks","title":"Game of Thrones: Season 7 (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"41890180","text":"The Iron Throne, in the fantasy novel series A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin, is the throne of the monarch of the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, and serves as a metonym for the monarchy of Westeros as an institution. The success of the HBO television adaptation Game of Thrones has made the show's version of the royal seat an icon of the entire media franchise. Martin said in 2013, \"Say Game of Thrones, and people think of the HBO Iron Throne.\" Martin called the depiction of the throne in his 2014 A Song of Ice and Fire companion book The World of Ice & Fire \"absolutely right\". He has noted repeatedly that none of the previous media representations of the throne—including books, games and the TV series—closely resemble what he had in mind when writing his novels. A Song of Ice and Fire In the series, the Iron Throne is both a physical seat of office as well as a metonym for the monarchy of Westeros. Martin establishes in A Game of Thrones (1996) that after seizing control of six of the Seven Kingdoms, Targaryen ruler Aegon the Conqueror had made a throne for himself from the swords of his vanquished enemies, fused by dragonfire. Aegon had established King's Landing as the royal capital, and the Iron Throne itself sits in the Red Keep. Martin writes that according to legend, Aegon kept the blades sharp so that no ruler should ever sit comfortably. Centuries later, kings still cut themselves on the throne; it is a common belief that such rulers are therefore unfit to rule. Description Purportedly made from a thousand swords and knives, the Iron Throne is a massive and asymmetrical tangle of jagged and twisted blades, in which reclining is impossible. Martin commented in 2014: Depictions The Iron Throne has been depicted in comic books, in games, and on book covers, but Martin has noted repeatedly that none of these representations coincided with what he imagined: To Martin, the attempt closest to his vision was by French artist Marc Simonetti, for a Mexican edition of A Game of Thrones. The author subsequently worked with Simonetti to get an image the author calls \"absolutely right\". This depiction appears in Martin's 2014 companion book The World of Ice & Fire. He noted, \"From now on, THIS will be the reference I give to every other artist tackling a throne room scene.\" Martin said of the image: The various depictions of the throne include: The Art of George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire (2005); Title page by Michael Komarck (Jaime Lannister on the Iron Throne) A Game of Thrones (2014); Cover by Marc Simonetti (Random House México, ) The World of Ice & Fire (2014); \"The Targaryen Kings\", art by Marc Simonetti A Game of Thrones: Genesis video game (2011); Box cover by Marc Simonetti A Game of Thrones: The Card Game; \"The Price of Nobility\" card (2009), art by Alex","title":"Iron Throne (A Song of Ice and Fire)"},{"docid":"1888758","text":"Margaery Tyrell is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones, where she is portrayed by English actress Natalie Dormer. Margaery is first mentioned in A Game of Thrones (1996) and first appears in A Clash of Kings (1998). She subsequently appeared in A Storm of Swords (2000) and A Feast for Crows (2005). Margaery is a member of the House Tyrell, the second wealthiest and largest of the eight Great Houses in Westeros. She is the younger sister of Lord Willas Tyrell, the heir to Highgarden, Ser Garlan the Gallant, as well as Ser Loras Tyrell, the Knight of Flowers. She is close to her paternal grandmother Lady Olenna, the Queen of Thorns, originally of House Redwyne. Like her grandmother, Margaery is shrewd, ambitious and adaptable, and uses her beauty, generosity and family influence to secure power for herself. Having wed herself to three kings over the course of the narrative, she becomes an influential political figure in Westeros, which often brings her into conflict with her chief rival at court, Cersei Lannister. Character overview Book series Margaery is the only daughter of Alerie Hightower and Mace Tyrell, the Lord of Highgarden in the Reach. Her older brothers are the heir Willas, Garlan and Loras the Knight of Flowers, who is a member of the Kingsguard. One of the wealthiest and most powerful families in Westeros, House Tyrell is actually guided by the willful Lady Olenna, Mace's mother, who has arranged Margaery's marriages and mentors her in politics and court intrigue. Margaery Tyrell is not a point of view character in the novels, so her actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of Sansa Stark and Cersei Lannister. Television series In HBO's Game of Thrones, Margaery's backstory and plotline in the early seasons remain largely unchanged from the novels, though the character is more prominent in the series and this version of Margaery is an adult as opposed to a teenager. Margaery first appears in the second season, following her marriage to Renly; she is well aware that her marriage is a political one, and displays pragmatism regarding Renly's homosexuality and his relationship with her brother Loras. Storylines A Clash of Kings Margaery first appears in A Clash of Kings (1998), having married Renly Baratheon and supporting his claim to the Iron Throne. After Renly's assassination, the Tyrells switch allegiance and Margaery is instead offered to wed King Joffrey Baratheon. A Storm of Swords In A Storm of Swords (2000), she becomes popular among the citizens of King's Landing through her various charitable activities. Margaery forms an amiable relationship with the King's ex-fiancée Sansa Stark and through Sansa she learns much about Joffrey's true nature. Margaery weds Joffrey, but he is poisoned at their wedding feast. A Feast for Crows In A Feast for Crows (2005) Margaery marries Joffrey's younger brother, Tommen, and encourages him to","title":"Margaery Tyrell"},{"docid":"713590","text":"A Clash of Kings is the second of seven planned novels in A Song of Ice and Fire, an epic fantasy series by American author George R. R. Martin. It was first published on November 16, 1998 in the United Kingdom; the first United States edition followed on February 2, 1999. Like its predecessor, A Game of Thrones, it won the Locus Award (in 1999) for best novel and was nominated for the Nebula Award (also in 1999) for best novel. In May 2005, Meisha Merlin released a limited edition of the novel, fully illustrated by John Howe. The novel has been adapted for television by HBO as the second season of the TV series Game of Thrones. A Clash of Kings is also the name of the first expansion to the Game of Thrones board game. Plot summary A Clash of Kings depicts the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros in civil war, while the Night's Watch mounts a reconnaissance to investigate the mysterious people known as wildlings. Meanwhile, Daenerys Targaryen continues her plan to conquer the Seven Kingdoms. In the Seven Kingdoms With King Robert Baratheon dead, his purported son Joffrey sits on the Iron Throne. His reign is far from stable, as both of Robert's brothers, Renly and Stannis, have claimed the throne as well. Two regions attempt to secede from the realm: Robb Stark is declared \"King in the North\" while Balon Greyjoy declares himself king of the Iron Islands. The war among these contenders is dubbed the War of the Five Kings. Stannis Baratheon, publicizing the claim that Joffrey and his siblings are bastards, claims the throne as Robert's eldest brother and therefore heir. He is supported by Melisandre, a foreign priestess who believes Stannis a prophesied messianic figure. Renly is supported by the wealthy Lord Mace Tyrell, and has married Mace's daughter Margaery. Robb's mother Catelyn Stark meets with Renly and Stannis to discuss an alliance against Joffrey's family, the Lannisters, but she is unable to reach an agreement with them. Melisandre uses magic to send a shadow to assassinate Renly in the middle of the night, and Stannis besieges Storm’s End, Renly’s castle; after witnessing Renly's death, Catelyn and Renly's bodyguard, Brienne of Tarth, flee the scene. Tyrion Lannister, Joffrey's uncle, arrives at the capital city of King's Landing as acting Hand of the King, the senior adviser to Joffrey's reign. Tyrion improves the defenses of the city while jockeying for power against Joffrey's mother, the Queen Regent Cersei. Learning of Renly's death, Tyrion sends the crown's treasurer Petyr “Littlefinger” Baelish to win the Tyrells' support for Joffrey. Catelyn's daughter Sansa, a hostage of the Lannisters, is regularly abused by Joffrey. Riots break out in the city due to Joffrey's cruelty and food shortages caused by the ongoing war. Robb wins several victories against the Lannisters while his younger brother Bran rules the Northern stronghold of Winterfell in his absence. Against Catelyn's advice, Robb sends his friend Theon Greyjoy, Balon Greyjoy's son, to negotiate an","title":"A Clash of Kings"},{"docid":"32615524","text":"Gemma Elizabeth Whelan (born 23 April 1981) is an English actress and comedian known for portraying Yara Greyjoy in the HBO fantasy-drama series Game of Thrones. She also plays Kate in all seasons of the comedy Upstart Crow, Detective Eunice Noon on the first season of The End of the F***ing World on Channel 4, and Geraldine on the third season of Killing Eve. Early life Whelan was born in Leeds and grew up in the Midlands. She attended The King's High School for Girls in Warwick and the London Studio Centre. Career As a stand-up comedian, Whelan won the 2010 Funny Women Variety Award. She performed at the 2013 Edinburgh Fringe with her show Chastity Butterworth & The Spanish Hamster. In 2014 she recorded a pilot chat show as her character Chastity Butterworth for BBC Radio 4. On screen, she has played supporting roles in several films and TV shows, including in the 2010 films Gulliver's Travels and The Wolfman. She played Kate (appearing in all 18 main episodes, as well as three Christmas specials) in Ben Elton's BBC Two comedy Upstart Crow, and was a series regular on The End of the F***ing World. She also played roles in other comedies, including Uncle and The Agency. In August 2011, she was cast as Yara Greyjoy, elder sister of Theon, of House Greyjoy of the Iron Islands, in the HBO fantasy-drama television series Game of Thrones, and appeared as a recurring cast member from the second season onward. In 2017, she portrayed Karen Matthews in the two-part TV drama The Moorside, based on the 2008 disappearance of nine-year-old Shannon Matthews. In 2019, she appeared as Marian Lister in the BBC drama Gentleman Jack. In February 2020, a stage adaptation of Upstart Crow opened at the Gielgud Theatre, London, Whelan reprising the role of Kate. Whelan returned to the West End stage as Kate when the play was revived at the Apollo Theatre in 2022. Personal life Whelan lives in London with her husband, the comedian and actor Gerry Howell and their two children. Filmography Film Television Stage Video games Short films Awards and nominations References External links Amore, video with Whelan on Upstart Crow Living people English film actresses English stand-up comedians English women comedians Actresses from Leeds 21st-century English actresses English stage actresses English television actresses English video game actresses English voice actresses 1981 births WFTV Award winners People educated at The King's High School for Girls Comedians from Leeds","title":"Gemma Whelan"},{"docid":"51283421","text":"Game of Thrones'' Live Concert Experience is the concert tour by the HBO epic fantasy series Game of Thrones featuring composer Ramin Djawadi. The all-arena tour was announced on August 8, 2016 at an intimate concert in Los Angeles, California. The tour consists of 24 dates in cities across the United States and Canada. The tour's title, \"Music Is Coming\" is in reference to House Stark motto, \"Winter Is Coming.\" The concert started on February 20, 2017 in Saint Paul, Minnesota and ended April 2 in Portland, Oregon. A world tour was announced in September 2017. It started in May 2018 in Madrid and ended in October in Toronto. A third tour in North America started on September 5, 2019 finishing on October 5, 2019. Background On August 8, 2016, composer Ramin Djawadi announced the Game of Thrones'' Live Concert Experience Tour at an event at the Hollywood Palladium in Los Angeles with Isaac Hempstead Wright, who plays Bran Stark in the series. The tour started in Saint Paul, Minnesota and concluded in Portland, Oregon. The tour consisted of 24 cities across the United States, with additional stops in Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec in Canada. The tour featured the show's composer, Ramin Djawadi, conducting an 80-piece orchestra and choir, which performed highlights from the series' musical score, on a 360-degree stage. In addition, LED telescoping and wall screens, and special 3D designs, rose from the stage floor. Instruments were specially created for the tour, such as a 14-foot Wildling horn played during the Wildling attack on the Wall section. We really want to summarize the show the best we can, There's a lot of different locations and events to cover. If you come and watch this concert, you really get a nice summary and a nice look back on the past seasons. The one I'm really excited about is 'Light of the Seven,' which was such a great surprise to the viewers, because it's the first time we're using piano, Besides the orchestra and the choir, we will have the piano and that piece to play. That'll be really great live. - Ramin Djawadi In an interview, Djawadi talked about the tour, saying, \"I'm going through the music to adapt it more for a live performance, and I might have a vocalist on a piece that didn't have one before, or lengthen another piece, I'm not bound to the picture anymore, so I can let the music tell its own story, and be creative about it.\" Stage The concert contained multiple stages and the main stage (King's Landing stage), and featured Djawadi as conductor with the orchestra and choir. On the other side of the stage (Winterfell stage) were another choir and more soloists. In between those stages were four smaller stages, with each being named after different locations from the world of Game of Thrones. There was also a runway between the two main stages, that was also a location. Setlist This setlist was performed at the October","title":"Game of Thrones Live Concert Experience"},{"docid":"51284023","text":"The soundtrack album of the fourth season of HBO series Game of Thrones, titled Game of Thrones: Season 4 was released digitally on June 10, 2014, and on CD on July 1, 2014. Season 4 of Game of Thrones saw the Icelandic band Sigur Rós perform their rendition of \"The Rains of Castamere\" in a cameo appearance at King Joffrey's wedding in the second episode, \"The Lion and the Rose\". Reception The soundtrack received mostly positive reviews from critics. The soundtrack was awarded a score of 4/5 by Heather Phares of AllMusic. Track listing Credits and personnel Personnel adapted from the album liner notes. David Benioff – liner notes Ramin Djawadi – composer, primary artist, producer Sigur Rós – primary artist George R.R. Martin – lyricist D.B. Weiss – liner notes Charts Awards and nominations References Ramin Djawadi soundtracks 2014 soundtrack albums Soundtrack Classical music soundtracks Instrumental soundtracks Television soundtracks WaterTower Music soundtracks","title":"Game of Thrones: Season 4 (soundtrack)"},{"docid":"74482415","text":"Vladimir Furdik is a Slovak stunt performer and actor. He played the role of the Night King on the television series Game of Thrones from 2016 to 2019. Biography Vladimir Furdik was born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia). Since the 1970s, he was a member of theater groups in Czechoslovakia. In the 1990s Furdik has already worked in Hollywood, first doing stunts for the low-budget horror film Tremors, but soon worked on The Three Musketeers. Furdik moved from the predominantly stunt work to direct acting in the 2000s. He played the role of Andrzej, a gypsy in the film Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. Game of Thrones Furdik participated in the production of Game of Thrones, following the crew to Belfast, Spain, and Croatia. For the series, he not only did stunt work, but also portrayed the antagonist the Night King in Seasons 6, 7 and 8. Filmography Stunt performer: 1990 Tremors 1993 The Three Musketeers 1996 Dragonheart 2001 Uprising 2001 Behind Enemy Lines 2005 Kingdom of Heaven 2006 Eragon 2008 The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian 2008 The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor 2009 Solomon Kane 2010 Spartacus 2011 The Eagle 2011 Season of the Witch 2011 War Horse 2011 Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows 2012 John Carter 2012 Prometheus 2012 Snow White and the Huntsman 2012 Skyfall 2013 Thor: The Dark World 2014 Noah 2014 Hercules 2014 Exodus: Gods and Kings 2016 The Huntsman: Winter's War 2019 The Witcher 2021 The Last Duel Actor: 1994 The Dragon Ring 2000 Dragonheart: A New Beginning 2004 La Femme Musketeer 2007 The Last Legion 2010 Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time 2010 Strike Back 2011 Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows 2011 Game of Thrones See also Richard Brake References Living people Stunt performers Slovak film actors Actors from Bratislava Year of birth missing (living people)","title":"Vladimir Furdik"},{"docid":"60880568","text":"Andrew McClay is a former extra on Game of Thrones who gained considerable prominence for his depiction in the Game of Thrones: The Last Watch documentary. Director Jeanie Finlay said about McClay: “I’ve found the heart of our film.” McClay first appeared as a Baratheon soldier in Season 5, who later becomes a Stark bannerman in Seasons 6, 7, and 8. McClay revealed in Game of Thrones: The Last Watch that his character's name across all 4 seasons was Aberdolf Strongbeard. References External links 1984 births Living people Irish male television actors 21st-century Irish male actors Male actors from Derry (city)","title":"Andrew McClay"},{"docid":"1888712","text":"Stannis Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. He is the second son of Steffon Baratheon and Cassana Estermont, as well as the brother of Robert – lord of the Seven Kingdoms, and Renly – lord of Storm's End. He is the Lord of Dragonstone, and after his elder brother's death, becomes a claimant to the Iron Throne of Westeros and a key player in the subsequent civil war. Stannis's goals are frequently impeded by his lack of manpower and resources, owing to his unpopularity with other noble houses. He must therefore rely on the counsel of the foreign priestess Melisandre and his right-hand man, lowborn smuggler Davos Seaworth, who he later promotes to Hand of the King. Stannis often struggles to escape the shadow of his two more overtly charismatic brothers, particularly Robert. Though first mentioned in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Stannis formally appeared in A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000) and A Dance with Dragons (2011). In December 2011, Martin posted a sample chapter from the yet-unfinished The Winds of Winter, told from Theon Greyjoy's viewpoint, which confirmed Stannis' return in the sixth book. Stannis is portrayed by English actor Stephen Dillane in the HBO television adaptation of the series, who has received significant critical praise for his performance. Stannis is a divisive character among fans of the books and television show alike, enjoying both great popularity for his dedication to justice and dark horse status, as well as opposition for his unrelenting attitude towards the Iron Throne. He has earned particular attention for the differences in his characterization between the novels and show, particularly during season five. Character description Stannis Baratheon is the younger brother of King Robert and older brother of Renly. He is portrayed as a brooding and humorless man with a harsh but fair sense of duty and justice whose dour demeanor is often off-putting in comparison to his two more charismatic brothers. He is renowned as a skilled and prescient military commander. Although he is initially said to be extremely stubborn and inflexible, in later books he has shown some ability to use diplomacy and deception to achieve his goals. Background Stannis was born the second of Steffon Baratheon and Cassana Estermont's three sons and in his youth was constantly overshadowed by Robert. When Stannis was 14, he witnessed his parents' death in a shipwreck off the coast of House Baratheon's castle, Storm's End, and subsequently lost his faith in the Seven Gods. During Robert's Rebellion, a teenage Stannis holds Storm's End in Robert's absence, successfully defending the besieged castle from the Reach forces of Mace Tyrell and Paxter Redwyne for the best part of the year. Stannis' garrison avoids starvation thanks only to the smuggler Davos Seaworth, who evades the blockade by the Redwyne fleet to bring the Baratheon soldiers a cargo","title":"Stannis Baratheon"},{"docid":"50049210","text":"After the Thrones is an American live television aftershow that premiered on April 25, 2016, and ended on June 28, 2016. It was hosted by Andy Greenwald and Chris Ryan who discussed episodes of the HBO television series Game of Thrones. The talk show was executive produced by Bill Simmons and Eric Weinberger. Greenwald and Ryan previously hosted a podcast version of the show titled Watch the Thrones on Simmons' Grantland website. A similar talk show called Thronecast aired on British channel Sky Atlantic, which also discussed episodes of Game of Thrones. The talk show was made available to HBO and HBO Now subscribers, and airs on the Monday following each episode of Game of Thrones. After the show's cancellation, Greenwald and Ryan, along with Simmons, made a similar live stream video podcast for distribution on Twitter called Talk the Thrones. Although it covers the same subject matter, it is a different production. Broadcast and format The series features hosts Andy Greenwald and Chris Ryan from the upcoming sports and pop culture website, The Ringer created by Bill Simmons, discussing episodes of the HBO fantasy drama Game of Thrones. Following the success of similar shows such as Talking Dead, which serves as a network sanctioned discussion of the show, HBO decided to introduce its own version of the format in which the hosts provide a \"lively, humorous and sophisticated look\" at the previous night's episode. The show airs on the stand-alone streaming service HBO Now on the Monday following each episode of the show's sixth season, which itself airs on Sundays. Greenwald and Ryan previously hosted a similar version of the show for Simmons' now-defunct sports and pop culture website Grantland, titled \"Watch the Thrones\", in a podcast format. Previous \"Watch the Thrones\" guests Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion are also part of the show. The series began on Monday, April 25, 2016, on HBO Now, HBO Go, HBO On Demand and HBO. The stated purpose of the show is to \"recap the latest episode, explaining the who, what, when and where, exploring the complicated politics and history of Thrones, and offering absurd and not-so-absurd theories about future episodes.\" For the seventh season of Game of Thrones, the after show changed its name to Talk the Thrones and moved from HBO to the social media site Twitter, where it will stream live every week after an episode airs. Simmons said that \"We love Game of Thrones and we love the way Twitter is thinking about content right now, so we jumped at the chance to blow out our Thrones show into an interactive multimedia experience — something that reacts immediately to what just happened, almost like a postgame show in sports - Nobody is equipped to do that better than Twitter. It's the natural evolution of what we had already established with Chris, Andy, Mallory and Jason.\" Episodes Season 1 (2016) These episodes discuss season six of Game of Thrones. Starting from the first episode, \"The Red Woman\". See also","title":"After the Thrones"},{"docid":"38072878","text":"The following events occurred in October 1920: October 1, 1920 (Friday) The 1920 Chilean presidential election was finally settled when the South American nation's Supreme Court ruled, 5 to 2, that Arturo Allesandri had been elected over Luis Barros Borgono by 177 electoral votes to 176. On October 4, a joint session of the National Congress proclaimed the election. Charles Ponzi was indicted on 86 counts of mail fraud. For the first time in decades, New York City residents were not required to change their dwellings for \"Moving Day\", and more than 90 percent of families elected to stay at their homes. On October 1, 1919, an estimated 75,000 New York families moved from one apartment to another as their leases expired; in 1920 it was only 5,000. Born: Walter Matthau, American film and stage actor, Oscar Award and Tony Award winner; as Walter Matthow in New York City (d. 2000) Charles Daudelin, Canadian sculptor; in Granby, Quebec (d. 2001) October 2, 1920 (Saturday) King Alexander of Greece was injured by a monkey while walking through the grounds of the Tatoi Palace and developed a fatal infection as a result. The King was walking with his dog, Fritz, when a Barbary macaque came through and the two animals fought. While trying to rescue his dog, King Alexander suffered a deep bite from a second macaque. The wound became infected and Alexander died of sepsis on October 25. Noting the disaster that followed when Alexander's death brought former King Constantine back to the throne, and the new government's disastrous war with Turkey, Winston Churchill would later write \"It is perhaps no exaggeration to remark that a quarter of a million persons died of this monkey's bite.\" Lord Curzon, the British Foreign Secretary, sent a warning to Soviet Foreign Minister Georgy Chicherin warning that Soviet submarines were seen in the Baltic Sea, and that the Royal Navy would attack Russian subs on sight. King Alfonso of Spain dissolved the Cortes, Spain's parliament, at the request of Prime Minister Dato because Dato's government did not have a majority. With two games left to play in the season, the Cleveland Indians clinched the American League pennant with a 10-1 win over the Detroit Tigers, guaranteeing that they would finish at least one game ahead of the Chicago White Sox, who had recently lost several of their star players to the Black Sox Scandal. The last tripleheader in major league baseball, with teams playing three nine-inning games on the same day, took place in Pittsburgh, as the Reds defeated the Pirates 13-4 and 7-3 in the first two games, and the Pirates won 6-0 in the final meeting of the day. With the victory, the Reds captured third place in the National League pennant race. The Friday game between the teams had been rained out, and, since the game would determine third place in the NL, the owners agreed to play it on the same day as Saturday's scheduled doubleheader, starting at noon rather than","title":"October 1920"},{"docid":"42139937","text":"Catch the Throne is a two-volume mixtape. The first volume was released digitally on March 7, 2014, and on CD on March 28, 2014, as a free mix tape that features various rap artists to help promote the HBO series Game of Thrones. The albums feature hip hop artists including Snoop Dogg, Ty Dolla $ign, Common, Wale, Daddy Yankee, as well as music by Ramin Djawadi from the show and some voices from the show. Reception The album received mostly mixed reviews from critics and fans alike. Track listing Volume I To help promote the series to a broader audience including multicultural urban youth, HBO commissioned an album of rap songs dedicated to Game of Thrones. Entitled Catch the Throne, it was published for free on SoundCloud on March 7, 2014. Volume II A second volume of songs was released in March 2015, prior to the beginning of the fifth season of Game of Thrones. This volume again consisted of songs from hip-hop artists, but this time also included contributions from several heavy metal bands. It was released as a free download on iTunes and SoundCloud. References 2014 mixtape albums 2015 mixtape albums Music of Game of Thrones Hip hop compilation albums Ramin Djawadi","title":"Catch the Throne"},{"docid":"1316115","text":"Gregor Clegane, nicknamed \"The Mountain That Rides\" or simply \"The Mountain\", is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. In the books, the character is initially introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones. He subsequently appeared in A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000) and in A Dance with Dragons (2011). A notorious knight and retainer to House Lannister, he is well known for his enormous size, prowess in battle, extremely cruel nature, and uncontrollable temper. He is the older brother of Sandor \"The Hound\" Clegane who has hated him ever since Gregor gruesomely scarred Sandor by shoving his face into a brazier when they were children. After being mortally wounded in a duel with Oberyn Martell, he is resuscitated by Qyburn via sinister means and becomes member of the Kingsguard and the personal bodyguard of Cersei Lannister. In the HBO television adaptation, Clegane was originally portrayed by Australian actor Conan Stevens in season one, and by Welsh actor Ian Whyte in season two; Icelandic actor and world champion strongman Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson took over the role in season four and continued in the role until the final season. Character description Ser Gregor Clegane is the head of House Clegane, a landed knight vassal to House Lannister, and is the older brother of Sandor Clegane. His enormous size and strength make him a fearsome warrior (in the novels he is nearly ) tall, and weighs over ), and he has earned a reputation for violence and brutality. When they were children, Gregor shoved Sandor's face into a brazier for using his toy, gruesomely scarring him. Over the course of his service to Tywin Lannister, he has committed numerous war crimes, most infamously the rape and murder of the Targaryen royal family, but has repeatedly avoided punishment due to House Lannister's power and influence over the Iron Throne. Clegane was one of the first Lannister soldiers to enter King's Landing during its sack at the end of Robert Baratheon's rebellion. He raped and murdered Princess Elia, after murdering her son Aegon by shattering the child's head against a wall, a grudge House Martell still bears 14 years later at the onset of A Game of Thrones. Gregor Clegane is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Arya Stark and Cersei Lannister. Gregor is mostly a background character in the novels. Storylines A Song of Ice and Fire In A Game of Thrones, Tywin Lannister sends him to raid the Riverlands in retaliation for Catelyn Stark's abduction of Tyrion. Beric Dondarrion is sent to arrest Gregor, but Gregor ambushes and kills him. He and his men continue raiding the Riverlands throughout A Clash of Kings. When Tyrion Lannister demands a trial by combat in A Storm of Swords, the accuser","title":"Gregor Clegane"},{"docid":"6903063","text":"A kingmaker is a person who can influence the selection of a monarch, without themself being a candidate for the throne, or a similar position of power. Kingmaker may also refer to: Games Kingmaker (board game), a 1974 board game set in (English) Wars of the Roses Kingmaker (video game), a 1994 strategy video game based on the board game Neverwinter Nights: Kingmaker, a 2005 expansion pack for BioWare's Neverwinter Nights Pathfinder: Kingmaker, a 2018 video game by Owlcat Games Television King Maker (TVB), a 2012 TVB drama Kingmaker: The Change of Destiny, a 2020 South Korean television series \"Kingmaker\" (Law & Order), a 2006 episode of NBC drama \"The Kingmaker\" (The Blacklist), a 2014 episode Good Night Show - King Maker, the first season of the TV series King Maker Music Kingmaker (band), British indie rock band Kingmaker (Tami Neilson album), a 2022 album Kingmaker (Pretty Maids album), a 2016 album \"Kingmaker\", a 2013 song by American band Megadeth from the album Super Collider In cinema The Kingmaker (film), a 2019 documentary film The King Maker, a 2005 Thai film Kingmaker (film), a 2022 South Korean political drama film Other uses The Kingmaker (audio drama) a 2006 Doctor Who audio drama King Maker, a 2010 urban fantasy novel by Maurice Broaddus Kingmaker (comics), Marvel character related to X-Men See also Kingmaker scenario, in games, a situation where a losing player has the power to select the winner","title":"Kingmaker (disambiguation)"},{"docid":"64223829","text":"Destiny 2: The Witch Queen is a major expansion for Destiny 2, a first-person shooter video game by Bungie. Representing the sixth expansion and the fifth year of extended content for Destiny 2, it was originally planned for release in late 2021, but due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the expansion was delayed by three months and was released on February 22, 2022. Prior to release, Bungie reported that The Witch Queen had over 1 million pre-orders, \"on track to becoming the most pre-ordered expansion in Destiny 2 history\". The expansion revolves around Savathûn, The Witch Queen, the sister of Oryx, who was the antagonist of the original Destinys (2014) first major expansion, The Taken King (2015). The expansion added weapon crafting to the game where players can obtain weapon patterns of existing weapons to craft their own versions with chosen perks to fit to their own play style. Other new content across the game includes new missions, Player versus Environment locations, Player versus Player maps, player gear, weaponry, and a new raid. Two new dungeons and a reprised raid, \"King's Fall\" from The Taken King, were released over the course of the year. The Witch Queen had four seasonal content offerings for Year 5 of the game: Season of the Risen, which was available alongside the expansion, Season of the Haunted in May, Season of Plunder in August, and Season of the Seraph in December, which ran until the launch of the next expansion, Lightfall, on February 28, 2023. With the release of Lightfall, this seasonal content was removed from the game with the exception of the respective battlegrounds activities from Season of the Risen and Season of the Seraph, which were incorporated into the Vanguard Operations playlist. Gameplay The Witch Queen introduces a new location, Savathûn's Throne World, above Mars within the Ascendant Realm. In addition to world activities, a new raid, \"Vow of the Disciple\", was released on March 5, 2022. Two additional dungeons were also added over the course of the expansion, but requires the purchase of a dungeon key. The \"King's Fall\" raid from the original Destinys (2014) The Taken King expansion was added on August 26, 2022, during Season 18 and is free for all players to access. It features the same story as the original, but accounts for differences in Destiny 2, such as gameplay mechanics and Champion enemies, as well as a new starting instance to replace the absent Dreadnaught destination that had been present in The Taken King (players begin the raid in the Court of Oryx area like the original, but cannot explore the Dreadnaught beyond this area). New and existing story content was expanded with a new \"Legendary\" difficulty, designed to be challenging for single players but with improved rewards for completing. At the same time, some content from the Forsaken (2018) expansion was removed from the game and placed in the Destiny Content Vault; this included the full Forsaken campaign, the Tangled Shore destination and its","title":"Destiny 2: The Witch Queen"},{"docid":"713625","text":"A Storm of Swords is the third of seven planned novels in A Song of Ice and Fire, a fantasy series by American author George R. R. Martin. It was first published on August 8, 2000, in the United Kingdom, with a United States edition following in November 2000. Its publication was preceded by a novella called Path of the Dragon, which collects some of the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel into a single book. At the time of its publication, A Storm of Swords was the longest novel in the series. It was so long that in the UK, Ireland, Australia, Serbia and Israel, its paperback edition was split in half, Part 1 being published as Steel and Snow in June 2001 (with the one-volume cover) and Part 2 as Blood and Gold in August 2001 (with a specially-commissioned new cover). The same division was used in the Polish and Greek editions. In France, the decision was made to cut the novel into four separate volumes. A Storm of Swords won the 2001 Locus Award, the 2002 Geffen Award for Best Novel and was nominated for the 2001 Nebula Award for Best Novel. It was the first novel in the series to be nominated for the Hugo Award, one of the two most prestigious awards in science fiction and fantasy publishing, although it lost to J. K. Rowling's novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Meisha Merlin Publishing, which had previously issued limited, illustrated editions of both A Game of Thrones and A Clash of Kings, was planning to release a similar version for A Storm of Swords in two volumes; however, lengthy delays in the release of A Clash of Kings caused it to lose its publishing rights, which were picked up by Subterranean Press. This edition, illustrated by Charles Vess, was released in the summer of 2006. A Storm of Swords is also the name of the second expansion to the board game A Game of Thrones, released in July 2006. Approximately the first half of the novel was adapted for television as the third season of the HBO show Game of Thrones, while the second half became the basis for the series' fourth season, and some elements for the series' fifth season. Plot summary A Storm of Swords picks up the story slightly before the end of its predecessor, A Clash of Kings. The Seven Kingdoms of Westeros are still in the grip of the War of the Five Kings, wherein Joffrey Baratheon and his uncle Stannis Baratheon compete for the Iron Throne, while Robb Stark of the North and Balon Greyjoy of the Iron Islands declare their independence (Stannis's brother Renly Baratheon, the fifth \"king\", has already been killed). Meanwhile, a large host of wildlings, the tribes from beyond the Seven Kingdoms' northern border, approach the Wall that marks the border, under the leadership of Mance Rayder, the self-proclaimed \"King Beyond the Wall\", with only the undermanned Night's Watch in opposition. Finally, Daenerys","title":"A Storm of Swords"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"38948809\",\n \"text\": \"Martin Kenzie (29 April 1956 – 16 July 2012) was a British second unit director and cinematographer whose works include feature films such as The Shining (1980), Return of the Jedi (1983), Aliens (1986), The King's Speech (2010) and TV series including Rome (2005) and Game of Thrones (2012). He was a member of the British Society of Cinematographers as a Camera Operator and was later elected a \\\"Full Member of the Society\\\" with BSC accreditation in 2012. Kenzie was diagnosed with cancer and was being operated on with the help of Macmillan Cancer Support. He died on 16 July 2012 at the age of 56. The Game of Thrones season three premiere episode, \\\"Valar Dohaeris\\\", aired on 31 March 2013, was dedicated to the memory of Kenzie in the credits. Personal life and career Kenzie was born on 29 April 1956 in Cambridge, England and started his career as a production runner for a London-based TV Commercials Company named \\\"Picture Palace Productions\\\". Later he worked for the camera department at \\\"Samuelson Film Services\\\" while preparing motion picture cameras for hire. His first feature film work was for Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980) where he worked as an assistant cameraman with film's cinematographer John Alcott. Till 1984, Kenzie continued to work as a Second assistant camera on various films including Return of the Jedi (1983), Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) and A Passage to India (1984). Kenzie worked as First assistant camera on various other successful movies such as Robert Zemeckis' Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), Ron Howard's Willow (1988), Clint Eastwood's White Hunter Black Heart (1990), Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather Part III (1990) and David Fincher's Alien 3 (1992). Since the beginning of his career, Kenzie made significant contributions as a Second unit director. Alongside feature films, Kenzie also worked for Television. His first work as a main unit cinematography which credited him as a cinematographer came in 1998 with David L. Williams's short film Angels at My Bedside and for a feature film in 2007 with Chris Munro's comedy film Back in Business. For 2005's film Syriana, written and directed by Stephen Gaghan, Kenzie worked as an assistant director and contributed as cinematographer for various television series including Keen Eddie (2003–2004), Rome (2005), Game of Thrones (2012) and Playhouse Presents (2012). In 1998, Kenzie joined Associate Membership of the British Society of Cinematographers as a Camera Operator and with his progression as a Director of Photography, he was later elected a \\\"Full Member of the Society\\\" with BSC accreditation in 2012. Kenzie was diagnosed with cancer and was being operated on with the help of Macmillan Cancer Support. He died on 16 July 2012 at the age of 56. British Society of Cinematographers announced a memorial service to celebrate Kenzie's life on 2 September 2012. The television series Game of Thrones dedicated its season three premiere episode, \\\"Valar Dohaeris\\\", aired on 31 March 2013, to the memory of Kenzie in the credits. Kenzie had\",\n \"title\": \"Martin Kenzie\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60559065\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Jenny of Oldstones\\\", alternatively titled \\\"My Jenny's Song\\\", is a song appearing in the HBO epic fantasy television series Game of Thrones. It was included in two separate parts in the second episode of the series' eighth season, \\\"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\\\". In the first instance of the song, it was performed during the episode by character Podrick Payne, portrayed by Scottish actor Daniel Portman. The song then played during the episode's end credits, performed by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine. Florence and the Machine released the song as a single the day after the episode aired, on 22 April 2019. The song was released by HBO and record label Universal Music Group. Background \\\"Jenny of Oldstones\\\" is an adaptation of a fictional folk song mentioned in George R. R. Martin's fantasy novel series A Song of Ice and Fire, on which Game of Thrones is based. In the third novel in the series, A Storm of Swords, a mysterious elderly woods witch nicknamed \\\"the Ghost of High Heart\\\" asks the singer Tom of Sevenstreams to perform \\\"my Jenny's song\\\" as payment for her prophecies. Only one line of the song, \\\"High in the halls of the kings who are gone, Jenny would dance with her ghosts\\\", is quoted in the novel series, appearing in the epilogue chapter of A Storm of Swords. In the fictional history of A Song of Ice and Fire, the titular Jenny of Oldstones was a peasant girl whom the prince Duncan Targaryen gave up his inheritance to marry. The television version of the song is a folk ballad with influences of Celtic music. The song was written by German composer Ramin Djawadi, who composed all the music for Game of Thrones; and screenwriters D. B. Weiss and David Benioff, who added more lyrics to the fragment written by Martin in A Storm of Swords. Florence and the Machine's recording of it was produced by American musician Doveman and Florence and the Machine frontwoman Florence Welch. Weiss and Benioff reportedly approached Welch in 2012 to record the song \\\"The Rains of Castamere\\\", although she had turned down their request. Following the release of \\\"Jenny of Oldstones\\\", Welch stated in an interview with The New York Times that this was during her \\\"wild years\\\", when she was \\\"less focused\\\". In the episode \\\"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\\\", the studio version of the song by Welch was played over the closing credits. The song was however first heard from the character Podrick Payne (played by Daniel Portman), who sang a verse in a sequence reminiscent of the scene in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King when Pippin sang \\\"The Edge of Night\\\" before the battle of Minas Tirith. The version sung by Portman is simplified in its harmonies, while the version by Welch is close to how Djawadi originally wrote it with more chord changes. Commercial performance \\\"Jenny of Oldstones\\\" debuted at number 75 in the UK\",\n \"title\": \"Jenny of Oldstones\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"41004928\",\n \"text\": \"Tyrion Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones, where he is portrayed by American actor Peter Dinklage. Introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996), Tyrion is a prominent point of view character in the series, having the most viewpoint chapters in the first five published novels. He is one of a few prominent characters not included in A Feast for Crows (2005) but returned in A Dance with Dragons (2011), and is confirmed to appear in the forthcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter. Tyrion developed from a character concept Martin had while writing the 1981 novel Windhaven. He is Martin's favorite character in the series. Tyrion is the youngest child of Lord Tywin Lannister, the patriarch of House Lannister, the wealthiest family in the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros. A dwarf whose birth killed his mother, Tywin and his sister Cersei despise him as a result. Tyrion soothes his perceived inadequacies with wit and self-indulgence, also using his status as a Lannister and the support of his brother Jaime to better his own position. Tyrion has been called one of the author's finest creations and most popular characters by The New York Times. The popularity of the character led Martin and Bantam Books to publish The Wit & Wisdom of Tyrion Lannister (2013), an illustrated collection of Tyrion quotes from the novels. Dinklage has received widespread critical acclaim for his performance as Tyrion. He won four Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film. He is the only Game of Thrones actor to win an Emmy award and the only actor to receive a nomination for each season. Character Description In A Game of Thrones (1996), Tyrion is introduced as the third and youngest child of wealthy and powerful Tywin Lannister, the former Hand of the King, and Joanna Lannister, who dies giving birth to him. Tyrion's elder sister, Cersei, is the Queen of Westeros by virtue of her marriage to King Robert Baratheon, and Cersei's male twin, Jaime, is one of the Kingsguard, the royal bodyguard. Described as an ugly (\\\"for all the world like a gargoyle\\\"), malformed dwarf with different colored eyes, green and black, Tyrion possesses the white-blond hair of a Lannister but has a complicated relationship with the rest of them. While he is afforded the privilege and luxuries of his family, he is treated as a \\\"second class noble\\\" because of his stature. Tyrion's mother, Joanna, died giving birth to him and Tywin and Cersei loathe him because they blame him for her death. While Tywin bears no affection for Tyrion, he nevertheless feels a sense of duty to his son, raising him in the Lannister fold and extending Tyrion a share of the family wealth. In contrast to Tywin and\",\n \"title\": \"Tyrion Lannister\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"46191804\",\n \"text\": \"Dave Hill (born May 15, 1984) is an American television writer. He is known for writing four episodes of the HBO series Game of Thrones: in season 5, \\\"Sons of the Harpy\\\"; in season 6, \\\"Home\\\"; in season 7, \\\"Eastwatch\\\"; and in season 8, \\\"Winterfell\\\". Hill began working as an assistant to Game of Thrones executive producers/writers David Benioff and D.B. Weiss in season 2. In 2014, Hill became a staff writer for the fifth season and was assigned to write an episode. He was credited as story editor on Season 6 and executive story editor on Season 7, and wrote an episode for each. In \\\"Winterfell\\\", he appeared in a cameo as an Ironborn soldier killed by Theon Greyjoy. Television References External links Living people American television writers American male television writers 1984 births\",\n \"title\": \"Dave Hill (screenwriter)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51284978\",\n \"text\": \"This is the list of works by Ramin Djawadi, an Iranian-German composer and music producer. Djawadi has composed and produced over one hundred soundtracks and film scores for both film and TV. He is best known for the score of HBO's series, Game of Thrones, along with other shows like Prison Break, Person of Interest and Westworld. He is also known for movie scores like Pacific Rim, Iron Man, and Warcraft. He also worked alongside Ellie Goulding for her song \\\"Hollow Crown\\\" in the album For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones. Djawadi won two Emmy Awards in the category Outstanding Music Composition for a Series for his work on the soundtracks of season 7 and season 8 of Game of Thrones in 2018 and 2019. He was also nominated for Grammy Awards in 2009, 2018, and 2020. Discography Films 2000s 2010s 2020s Television Television films Television series Video games Concert tours Awards References External links Discographies of classical composers Discographies of German artists Discographies of Iranian artists Film and television discographies Lists of compositions by composer List of works\",\n \"title\": \"List of works by Ramin Djawadi\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"32733532\",\n \"text\": \"A Song of Ice and Fire, the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin, has formed the basis of several works in different media. Novellas Dunk and Egg Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels. These novellas are known as the Tales of Dunk and Egg after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \\\"Egg\\\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen. The stories have no direct connection to the plot of A Song of Ice and Fire, although both characters are mentioned in A Storm of Swords and A Feast For Crows, respectively. The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The Hedge Knight in Legends (1998) The Sworn Sword in Legends II (2003) The Mystery Knight in Warriors (2010) The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms. The first of these, comprising the first three novellas, was published – with illustrations by Gary Gianni – in October 2015, and in unillustrated translations earlier. Film or TV adaptations of the novellas are being discussed, according to Martin in 2014. He wrote that because HBO owns the TV rights to the setting of Westeros (if not to the characters of the novellas), it would be preferable to have HBO adopt the novellas also. The first and second novellas were, in addition, adapted as graphic novels: Other novellas Martin has written three additional novellas that are written as historical accounts of events that took place long before the events of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels or the Dunk and Egg novellas. The Princess and the Queen, published in Dangerous Women (2013), details the civil war called the \\\"Dance of the Dragons\\\" between Aegon and Rhaenyra Targaryen about the succession to the Iron Throne. A fifth novella, The Rogue Prince, or, a King's Brother, was published in the 2014 anthology Rogues. It is a prequel to The Princess and the Queen and concerns the life of Prince Daemon Targaryen, Rhaenyra's second husband. Most recently, The Sons of the Dragon was published in the 2017 anthology The Book of Swords, and chronicles the lives of Aenys I and Maegor I Targaryen (later known as \\\"Maegor the Cruel\\\"), who were the second and third kings to sit the Iron Throne, respectively. Television series Game of Thrones (2011–19) In March 2010, HBO greenlit a television series based on A Song of Ice and Fire, written and executive produced by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Called Game of Thrones, it stars an ensemble cast including Sean Bean and Peter Dinklage. The series premiered on 17 April 2011. A critical and commercial success, it ran for eight seasons, concluding in 2019. The series has itself given rise to several derived works, including soundtrack albums and a wide range of merchandise. House of the Dragon (2022–present) House of the Dragon is an American fantasy drama television series created\",\n \"title\": \"Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"54281805\",\n \"text\": \"Throne of Fire is an action strategy video game. It was designed by Mike Singleton, developed by Consult Computer Systems, and published by Melbourne House. The game was released for the Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum in 1987. Throne of Fire is set in the Burning Citadel, located around the rim of a volcano. The game focuses on three princes in the Burning Citadel where they and their men-at-arms fight to the death to gain the Throne of Fire after their father's death. Throne of Fire received positive reviews from industry critics, with some reviewers speaking positive of the graphics while other criticized the lack of difficulty in the single player mode, instead recommending playing with two players. Gameplay Throne of Fire is an action strategy game. Set in the Burning Citadel, located around the rim of a volcano, the player assumes the role of one of the three princes of the recently deceased King Atherik: Alorn the Lion Prince, Cordrin the Sun Prince, and Karag the Wolf Prince. As one of the princes, the player can play against two computer players or a second player and a computer player, who play the role of the other two princes. Each prince and their men-at-arms must fight the other princes and their army to the death. The player must also fight against the King's Guard, the protectors of the Throne of Fire. Weapons with their own strengths and weaknesses can be found around the castle, along with magical objects that can increase or decrease a character's strength. Each army group are distinguished by color, with Prince Alorn and his men as red, Cordrin as yellow, Karag as purple, and the King's Guard as green. The castle has one hundred rooms to enter through. If any characters enters a room, their group color will light up the room. Each of the princes starts with nine men-at-arms. Reinforcements will join the side of whoever last visit Gate Rooms. If no one entered a Gate Room before the man-at-arms appears, they will join the King's Guard. Once the player enters the Throne Room with their prince, they become the king and takes control of the King's Guard. The other players lose the ability to control their men-at-arms, with their men staying in their rooms to defend themselves. If the new king dies, the King's Guard will return to being neutral and the other princes regain their men. Development Throne of Fire was designed by Mike Singleton, known for designing other fantasy games such as Lords of Midnight, Doomdark's Revenge, and Dark Sceptre. It was developed under Consult Computer Systems, who worked on the programming, graphics, and music and was published by Melbourne House. This was the first game Singleton made in association with Melbourne House. Jim Bagley was given the position of programmer for the game, the first game he ever worked on. The game was released in April 1987 on the Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum. A Commodore 64 port was also planned,\",\n \"title\": \"Throne of Fire\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"42586098\",\n \"text\": \"Dean-Charles Chapman (born 7 September 1997) is an English actor known for portraying Billy Elliot in the West End theatre production of Billy Elliot the Musical. His notable TV roles include Richard Grey in The White Queen (2013) and Tommen Baratheon in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones (2014-2016). He also portrayed Tom Blake in Sam Mendes's film 1917 (2019). Career At the age of eight, Chapman was cast as \\\"Small Boy\\\" in Billy Elliot the Musical, and would later be promoted to the roles of Michael and finally the titular character, becoming the second-longest running cast member in the production. During his time on Billy Elliot, he worked alongside future Spider-Man actor Tom Holland, and had the opportunity to meet Prime Minister Gordon Brown with several other young actors in the play. Soon after leaving Billy Elliot, Chapman was cast on the CBBC sitcom The Revolting World of Stanley Brown in the lead role, alongside fellow future Game of Thrones and Blinded by the Light co-star Nell Williams. The show lasted for one season. He made his film debut in the 2014 film Before I Go to Sleep, alongside Nicole Kidman and Colin Firth. After playing the minor role of Martyn Lannister in the third season of Game of Thrones, he replaced Callum Wharry in the major role of Tommen Baratheon, the young king of Westeros for the fourth, fifth, and sixth seasons of the show. With the rest of the cast, he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. In 2018, he played the role of Castor in the AMC series Into the Badlands for seven episodes, followed by a supporting role in the film Blinded by the Light. In 2019, he was cast, alongside George MacKay, as one of the two leads in the Sam Mendes-directed war film 1917. The film went on to receive ten Academy Award nominations, winning three. Subsequently, he played the lead role of Matthew in the Eoin Macken's drama Here Are the Young Men, supported by Finn Cole, Anya Taylor-Joy, and Ferdia Walsh-Peelo. Personal life In 2015, it was speculated that Chapman was dating Nell Tiger Free, who played Myrcella Baratheon on Game of Thrones; they subsequently split up and deleted all social-media posts of a romance. Chapman is close friends with his Game of Thrones co-star Isaac Hempstead Wright (Bran Stark), whom he met through his involvement with the series. Filmography Film Television Stage Awards and nominations References External links 1997 births 21st-century English male actors English male film actors English male television actors English male stage actors English male child actors Living people Male actors from London Actors from the London Borough of Havering\",\n \"title\": \"Dean-Charles Chapman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"56201857\",\n \"text\": \"Super TV () is a Korean variety show by Super Junior distributed by XtvN and tvN. The show airs on Xtvn every Thursday at 08:00 PM KST and tvN every Friday at 6:40 PM KST. Originally it was on air on both stations every Friday at 11:30 PM KST before being moved on June 7, 2018. History Super Junior made a success with their own short reality show SJ Returns back in 2017 and promised to come back as a fixed reality show. On January 2, 2018, a source from Label SJ announced that the group will be launching their own variety show titled “Super TV”. Season 1 aired from January 28, 2018, until April 13, 2018. The show went on hiatus after that and returned on May 29, 2018, with an earlier introduction on SMTOWN's V Live channel. Season 2 aired from June 7, 2018 until August 23, 2018. On this season, the show changed its format. The programme changed its day and time slot from every Friday at 11:30 PM KST to every Thursday at 08:00 PM KST for Xtvn and every Friday at 6:40 PM KST for tvN . On 23 August, the show went on hiatus again and promised to come back for a third season. Plot Season 1: Super Junior Crazy Idol Variety (슈퍼주니어 i돌아이어티) Super TV is a new concept variety show in which varied entertainment formats are re-created and twisted in Super Junior's own way. This concept is called Super Junior Crazy Idol Variety (슈퍼주니어 i돌아이어티). The show's format will include quiz show, talk show, game show, eating show, reality, documentary, sports, film and comedy. Season 2: King's Game (왕좌의 게임) Super TV returns with a new concept variety show titled Game of Thrones (왕좌의 게임). Super Junior is famous for being King of Variety Show idols and will invite any idols who want to challenge them for the title. The show will still include the previous season's format, the difference being other idols will challenge them. If they can win 5 episodes in a row, they will go for a luxury holiday overseas. The term was changed from episode 8, to just 3 consecutive wins for a vacation within South Korea. Each episode has two main segments. The first one is Liar King (라이어 왕), a segment where Super Junior verifies if the guests' listed skills and specialties are true. This is done through games or showing of talents, where the guests are labeled as \\\"liars\\\" should they fail the verification. The second segment consists of a maximum of two games that Super Junior has chosen to challenge the guests: Rokkuko King (로꾸거 왕) – Questions are being read backwards by each team and the opposing team will have to answer them correctly. Food Show King (먹방 왕) – The game played in this segment is related to eating. Inference King (추리 왕) – One team will be given a title of movie or song and they need to say one syllable\",\n \"title\": \"Super Junior's Super TV\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1410865\",\n \"text\": \"Cersei Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones, where she is portrayed by actress Lena Headey. Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Cersei is a member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families on the continent of Westeros. She subsequently appears in A Clash of Kings (1998) and A Storm of Swords (2000), and becomes a prominent point of view character beginning with A Feast for Crows (2005). Cersei will continue to be a point-of-view character in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter. Cersei is Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros by marriage to King Robert Baratheon, who abuses her throughout their marriage. Her father, Tywin, arranged the marriage after his attempt to betroth her to Prince Rhaegar Targaryen, whom she idolized as a child, failed. Robert took the Throne with the help of the Lannisters when he ended the Targaryen dynasty. Cersei has been involved in an incestuous affair with her twin brother, Jaime, since childhood. All three of Cersei's children are Jaime's, unbeknownst to Robert. The rumored illegitimacy of her children causes a power struggle in the wake of the king's death, known as the War of the Five Kings. Cersei's main character attributes are her lust for power, scheming, transgressive viewpoint, and her love for her children, whom she seeks to protect. She is considered one of the most complex characters in the story. Headey received widespread critical acclaim for her portrayal of the character on the HBO series Game of Thrones. She was nominated for five Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. Headey and the rest of the cast were nominated for seven Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. In season 5 of the series, a young version of the character is portrayed by Nell Williams in a flashback. Character background A Song of Ice and Fire Cersei is the only daughter and the eldest child of 56-year-old Tywin Lannister and his late wife, Joanna; her twin brother, Jaime, was born soon after Cersei. At the beginning of the novels, Cersei is 32 years old and has been queen consort for 14 years. Cersei and Jaime looked so similar as children that Cersei occasionally wore Jaime's clothes and was mistaken for him. The twins experimented sexually at an early age but were discovered by a servant, who informed their mother. Joanna tasked a guard to keep the twins separated and kept the matter a secret from their father, threatening the twins that she would inform him if they ever repeated it. Soon afterward, Joanna died giving birth to the twins' younger dwarf brother, Tyrion when the twins were seven. Cersei blamed Tyrion for Joanna's death and started to abuse him\",\n \"title\": \"Cersei Lannister\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1888770\",\n \"text\": \"Viserys Targaryen is the name of three kings from the fictional House Targaryen in A Song of Ice and Fire and works based on it: Viserys I Targaryen, a character in the novel The Princess and the Queen and the television series House of the Dragon. Viserys II Targaryen, a character in The Princess and the Queen under the title Prince Viserys. Viserys III Targaryen, a character in the novel A Game of Thrones and season 1 of the television series Game of Thrones. See also List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters List of Game of Thrones characters\",\n \"title\": \"Viserys Targaryen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1325334\",\n \"text\": \"Jaime Lannister is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin and its television adaptation Game of Thrones, where he is portrayed by Danish actor Nikolaj Coster-Waldau. Jaime becomes a prominent point of view character in the novels beginning with A Storm of Swords (2000). Introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996), Jaime is a knight of the Kingsguard and one of the best swordsmen in the seven kingdoms. He is a member of House Lannister, the wealthiest and one of the most powerful families in the kingdom of Westeros. He is the elder son of Tywin Lannister, twin brother of Cersei, with whom he has a longstanding incestuous relationship, and brother of Tyrion. Although Jaime first appears to be unscrupulous and immoral, he later proves to be more complex, honorable, and sympathetic. His lengthy character development has been praised by critics of the novels and the television show. Jaime is one of the most popular characters in both versions of the series. Coster-Waldau received critical praise for his portrayal and several award nominations including a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television, a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, People's Choice Awards Favorite TV Anti-Hero, and two Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series nominations. He and the rest of the cast were nominated for five Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. Character description In A Game of Thrones (1996), Jaime is introduced as one of the Kingsguard, the royal security detail, the son of the wealthy and powerful Tywin Lannister (the former Hand of the King), and one of the greatest swordsmen in the Seven Kingdoms with few able to match him, such as Barristan Selmy, Garlan Tyrell, Loras Tyrell. Jaime's twin is Cersei, the Queen of Westeros by virtue of her marriage to King Robert Baratheon. Jaime is derisively referred to as \\\"the Kingslayer\\\" because he killed the \\\"Mad King\\\" Aerys Targaryen in the coup that put Robert on the Iron Throne. Eric Dodds of TIME described Jaime as \\\"handsome, an incomparably skilled fighter and disarmingly witty\\\". The New Yorker called the Lannisters \\\"a crowd of high-cheekboned beauties ... who form a family constellation so twisted, charismatic, and cruel that it rivals Flowers in the Attic for blond dysfunction\\\". Lev Grossman wrote for TIME that while Jaime and Cersei's younger brother Tyrion is a grotesque dwarf, \\\"the rest of the Lannisters are stunted too, but on the inside.\\\" The Los Angeles Times called Jaime \\\"handsome and unscrupulous\\\", though Dodds noted in 2014: Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly noted that in the novels, \\\"[Jaime is] a vaguely villainous minor character in Game of Thrones, then is basically absent from Clash of Kings, and suddenly he becomes a tragic hero in Storm of Swords.\\\" In A Game of Thrones, Jaime is not only carrying on an\",\n \"title\": \"Jaime Lannister\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51286340\",\n \"text\": \"The soundtrack album of the eighth season of HBO series Game of Thrones, titled Game of Thrones: Season 8, was released digitally on May 19, 2019, a double CD was released July 19, 2019, and was released on vinyl later in the year. Ramin Djawadi received his seventh Primetime Emmy Award nomination, for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Original Dramatic Score), for the season's third episode, \\\"The Long Night\\\" and then won the award, making two consecutive wins for Djawadi. Background \\\"It's been such an honor to be a part of this incredible show for the past eight years\\\", said Ramin Djawadi. Djawadi says of his track \\\"The Night King\\\": \\\"When I talked to Miguel [Sapochnik], the director, and when David [Benioff] and [D. B. Weiss] came to my studio and we started working on this episode, we all agreed that it had to be a piano piece again, just like 'Light of the Seven'.[...] It definitely misled the audience because of what they knew from 'Light of the Seven', back in season six. We always treated the music as another character in the show.\\\" Track listing Charts References 2019 soundtrack albums Soundtrack Ramin Djawadi soundtracks WaterTower Music soundtracks Classical music soundtracks Instrumental soundtracks Television soundtracks\",\n \"title\": \"Game of Thrones: Season 8 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"26380560\",\n \"text\": \"Brienne of Tarth is a fictional character in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels and its television adaptation, Game of Thrones. She is a prominent point of view character in the novels. Brienne is introduced in the second novel of the series, 1998's A Clash of Kings, as a warrior fighting for the honor of serving in the Kingsguard of Renly Baratheon. She later swears her loyalty to Catelyn Stark and vows to return the captive Jaime Lannister to King's Landing in exchange for Sansa and Arya Stark, whom Catelyn believes are being held by the Lannisters. She additionally appears in A Feast for Crows (2005) and A Dance with Dragons (2011). Because she is a woman, Brienne is barred from serving as a knight, even though she is one of the most honorable and skilled warriors in all of Westeros. Her personal struggle towards honor, justice, and recognition has received significant critical attention, as has her complex relationship with Jaime, and she is one of the more popular characters in both the novels and television show. In the television series, Brienne is portrayed by English actress Gwendoline Christie and is introduced in season two. After appearing as a recurring cast member for two seasons, Christie was promoted to the main cast from season four onwards. Christie has received significant critical praise for her portrayal. For her performance in season three, she was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television and for two Screen Actors Guild Awards, alongside the rest of the cast, for the third and fourth seasons. In 2019, she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her performance in the series's final season. Character Background Brienne is the daughter and only surviving child of Lord Selwyn Tarth, Lord of Evenfall Hall on the island of Tarth. House Tarth is a bannerman to House Baratheon, the lord paramount of the Stormlands. Brienne's mother died when she was a child, and she had a single older brother, Galladon, who drowned when she was 8, and two younger sisters, both of whom died in infancy. Brienne as a child was under the tutelage of Septa Roelle, who found fault in everything about Brienne and destroyed her self-esteem. She told Brienne that although a man would marry her, as she is heiress to her father's land, he could never desire her. Brienne's father tried to find her a suitor to wed. This proved to be difficult, however, due to both Brienne's resistance and her ungainly appearance. Nonetheless, three successive but ultimately unsuccessful betrothals were attempted. The first was when she was 7 and her fiancé was 10, but he died of an illness. Next, a betrothal was brokered by the lord of the land-poor house Connington, to his young newly knighted heir Ronnet, but young Ser Ronnet broke the betrothal the first time he met Brienne. Brienne's father's last attempt\",\n \"title\": \"Brienne of Tarth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10200994\",\n \"text\": \"Image Engine (also known as Image Engine Design Inc.) is a Visual effects studio based in Vancouver, BC, that offers a range of services for feature films and television, from concept designs and pre-visualization to CG animation, compositing, and explosive volumetric digital effects. Their work includes contributions for the films and series District 9, The Mandalorian, Game of Thrones, Lost in Space, Jurassic World and Elysium. In 2022, they won a Creative Arts Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects In A Season Or A Movie for The Book of Boba Fett. In July 2015, they partnered with Cinesite. Other partner companies include Trixter, Squeeze, L'Atelier, FX3X, Assemblage, and the Imaginarium Studios. Credits 2024 Lift 3 Body Problem 2023 Kraven the Hunter Ahsoka The Mandalorian: Season 3 2022 Willow The School for Good and Evil Obi-Wan Kenobi Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore Moon Knight Snowpiercer: Season 3 2021 The Book of Boba Fett Swan Song The Unforgivable Hawkeye The Mandalorian: Season 2 Venom: Let There Be Carnage Twilight Zone: Season 2 Chaos Walking Snowpiercer: Season 2 2020 Mulan Project Power The Old Guard Bloodshot Harley Quinn: Birds of Prey Underwater 2019 The Mandalorian Spider-Man: Far From Home John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum Pokémon Detective Pikachu 2018 Overlord Fantastic Beast: The Crimes of Grindelwald Skyscraper Kin Tully Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Lost in Space (2018 TV series): (#1. 10) Lost in Space (2018 TV series): (#1. 6) Lost in Space (2018 TV series): (#1. 2) Lost in Space (2018 TV series) (#1. 1) Game of Thrones (season 8): The Bells (#8. 5) Game of Thrones (season 8): The Long Night (#8. 3) Game of Thrones (season 8): Winterfell (#8. 1) The X-Files (season 11): My Struggle III (#11. 1) 2017 Thor: Ragnarok Game of Thrones (season 7): The Dragon and the Wolf (#7. 7) Game of Thrones (season 7): Eastwatch (#7. 5) Game of Thrones (season 7): The Spoils of War (#7. 4) Game of Thrones (season 7): Dragonstone (#7. 1) Detroit Power Rangers Logan 2016 Assassin's Creed Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV Independence Day: Resurgence Game of Thrones (season 6): The Winds of Winter (#6. 10) Game of Thrones (season 6): Battle of the Bastards (#6. 9) Game of Thrones (season 6): No One (#6. 8) Game of Thrones (season 6): The Broken Man (#6. 7) Game of Thrones (season 6): Blood of My Blood (#6. 6) Game of Thrones (season 6): The Door (#6. 5) Game of Thrones (season 6): Book of the Stranger (#6. 4) Game of Thrones (season 6): Oathbreaker (#6. 3) Game of Thrones (season 6): Home (#6. 2) Game of Thrones (season 6): The Red Woman (#6. 1) Captain America: Civil War The X-Files (season 10) Deadpool 2015 The Revenant Point Break The Man in the High Castle (TV series) The Last Witch Hunter Straight Outta Compton Jurassic World San Andreas Game of Thrones (season 5): Mother's Mercy (#5. 10) Game of Thrones (season 5): The Dance\",\n \"title\": \"Image Engine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"35887650\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Blackwater\\\" is the ninth and penultimate episode of the second season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 19th overall. The episode was directed by Neil Marshall, his directorial debut for the series, and written by George R. R. Martin, the author of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels from which the series is adapted. It first aired on May 27, 2012. The episode centers around the Battle of Blackwater Bay, in which the Lannister army, commanded by acting Hand of the King Tyrion Lannister, defends the city of King's Landing against a naval invasion by the Baratheon army, commanded by Stannis Baratheon, who seeks to take the Iron Throne for himself. Unlike all previous episodes, \\\"Blackwater\\\" does not feature the storylines of characters outside of King's Landing, making it the first episode of the series to take place entirely in one location. The episode achieved a viewership of 3.38 million during its initial airing in the United States. \\\"Blackwater\\\" received acclaim from critics and audiences, with many praising the acting and visual effects in particular. At the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards, the episode won the awards for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Drama Series (One-Hour) and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Series (One Hour). It was Peter Dinklage's choice to support his nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. The episode was also the recipient of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form. Plot Davos leads Stannis's fleet into Blackwater Bay. Grand Maester Pycelle gives Cersei a poison to use should Stannis take the city. Outside the Red Keep, Bronn's carousing is soured by the Hound; their tension is interrupted by bells, indicating Stannis's fleet has been spotted. Varys brings Tyrion a map of the tunnels beneath King's Landing. King Joffrey leads his forces from the Red Keep and orders Sansa to kiss his sword, vowing to use it to kill Stannis. The noble ladies and children shelter at Maegor's Holdfast under Ser Ilyn Payne's watch. Cersei drunkenly mocks Sansa's innocence, warning she will be raped if the city falls. Stannis's fleet is confronted by a single unmanned ship, which Davos realizes too late is a trap: the ship, rigged with explosive \\\"wildfire\\\", kills scores of Stannis's men, seemingly including Davos and his son Matthos. Stannis orders his surviving army to attack the vulnerable Mud Gate. The defenders are routed; Lancel, injured, retreats to the Holdfast. Set on edge by his childhood fear of fire and disgusted by Joffrey's cowardice, the Hound deserts his post and renounces his allegiance to the Lannisters. Stannis himself storms the battlements as his men employ a battering ram. Cersei nearly learns Shae's true origins, while Sansa realizes Ser Ilyn's orders: to kill her and Cersei if the city falls. Cersei orders Lancel to bring Joffrey to safety; frightened, Joffrey orders Ser Mandon Moore to take command. Tyrion rouses the defenders and leads them through a tunnel from Varys's map, flanking the Baratheon\",\n \"title\": \"Blackwater (Game of Thrones)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"42534131\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Ignition Point\\\" is the twenty-second episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series Adventure Time. The episode was written and storyboarded by Somvilay Xayaphone and Bert Youn, from a story by Patrick McHale, Kent Osborne, and Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on September 17, 2012. The episode guest stars Keith David as Flame King and Paul F. Tompkins as Furnius. The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In this episode, Finn and Jake sneak into the Fire Kingdom on a quest for the Flame Princess (voiced by Jessica DiCicco). Once there, they discover a plot to assassinate the Flame King, and try to thwart it. The idea for \\\"Ignition Point\\\" had been developed at a writers meeting, wherein Tom Herpich wanted to focus on political intrigue in the Fire Kingdom. The episode was seen by 2.256 million viewers, and received mostly positive reviews from critics. Oliver Sava of The A.V. Club appreciated how the episode ran the gauntlet from toilet humour to Shakespearean references. Plot While spending time with Flame Princess (voiced by Jessica DiCicco), Finn and Jake learn that she misses her scented candles, which she left in the Fire Kingdom. The duo volunteer to retrieve them, but Flame Princess tells them to be careful and watch out for her evil father, Flame King (voiced by Keith David). Once they enter the Flame Kingdom, Finn and Jake manage to acquire the candles, but hear a conspiracy to assassinate the king between two fire beings, one of whom has an untied shoe, and the other has a hissy voice. Finn and Jake traverse the Flame Kingdom palace, trying to identify the culprits. Eventually, Jake gets the idea to dress up as actors and perform a play wherein they pretend to be the conspirators; this will cause the real assassins to act suspicious. Their plan goes awry, and Flame King believes them to be the actual assassins. However, by a lucky turn of events, Finn and Jake are able to unveil the actual culprits, who are the children of Flame King's brother, whom he murdered to acquire the throne. Finn is concerned that, because her father is truly evil, Flame Princess might be evil as well, but Flame King notes that someone with a good spirit could change her. Production \\\"Ignition Point\\\" was written and storyboarded by Somvilay Xayaphone and Bert Youn, from a story developed by series creator Pendleton Ward, Patrick McHale, and Kent Osborne. The origin for the episode was from a writers game. The impetus had been pitched by Herpich, who was interested in \\\"political intrigue in the Fire Kingdom\\\". Originally, he wanted to base it tonally on Game of Thrones, but the ending episode came out more Shakespearean. Adam Muto revealed via Spring.me that the series' writers and\",\n \"title\": \"Ignition Point\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5885099\",\n \"text\": \"The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series is an award presented since 1951 by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). The award goes to the producers of the series. The award is often cited as one of the \\\"main awards\\\" at the Emmys ceremonies. History Since its institution in 1951 the award has changed names many times in its history. It was first called Best Dramatic Show from 1951 to 1954, then Best Dramatic Series in 1955 and 1956. In 1957, no specific award for drama was given, but in 1958 the category was split into two separate categories, Best Dramatic Anthology Series, and Best Dramatic Series with Continuing Characters with a winner selected from each category. The following year, the category was differently split into two separate categories, Best Dramatic Series – Less Than One Hour. In 1960, the name was changed yet again to Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Drama; this name was kept from 1960 to 1964. In 1966, it had its sixth name change to Outstanding Dramatic Series or Outstanding Series-Drama; this was used from 1966 until recently, when it became Outstanding Drama Series. In 1988, Rumpole of the Bailey (PBS) was initially nominated in the Outstanding Miniseries category but the Academy ruled that the nomination was not valid a few days later and later allowed the program to compete in the Outstanding Drama Series category. Since 2000, every single winner has been a serial drama: The West Wing (2000–2003), The Sopranos (2004, 2007), Lost (2005), 24 (2006), Mad Men (2008–2011), Homeland (2012), Breaking Bad (2013–2014), Game of Thrones (2015–2016, 2018–2019), The Handmaid's Tale (2017), Succession (2020, 2022-2023), and The Crown (2021). Since the advent of Hill Street Blues in 1981, every winner has had some serialized arcs with the exception of Law & Order. The majority of these shows have won between their first and fifth seasons. Only two shows' sixth seasons have won (both HBO shows): The Sopranos and Game of Thrones, two shows' seventh seasons have won: Law & Order and Game of Thrones and one show's eighth season has won: Game of Thrones. Winners and nominations The following tables, divided by decade, display the winners and nominees of the \\\"Drama Series\\\" award, according to the Primetime Emmy Awards database: 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Programs with multiple wins 4 wins Game of Thrones (2 consecutive, twice) Hill Street Blues (consecutive) L.A. Law (3 consecutive) Mad Men (consecutive) The West Wing (consecutive) 3 wins The Defenders (consecutive) Dragnet (consecutive) Playhouse 90 (consecutive) Succession (2 consecutive) Upstairs, Downstairs (2 consecutive) 2 wins Breaking Bad (consecutive) Cagney & Lacey (consecutive) Lou Grant (consecutive) Mission: Impossible (consecutive) Picket Fences (consecutive) The Practice (consecutive) The Sopranos The United States Steel Hour (consecutive) Programs with multiple nominations 11 nominations Law & Order 8 nominations Game of Thrones Mad Men 7 nominations Better Call Saul ER The Sopranos Studio One The West Wing 6 nominations Hill Street Blues L.A. Law NYPD\",\n \"title\": \"Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8011259\",\n \"text\": \"Scanline VFX is a global visual effects and animation company founded 1989 in Munich. The studio is led by VFX Supervisor Stephan Trojansky. The company has 7 locations including Munich, Stuttgart, Los Angeles, Vancouver, Montreal, London, and Seoul. Scanline has recently completed work on films from the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) such as Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), Black Widow, Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings and Eternals (all 2021), and films based on DC Comics such as Zack Snyder's Justice League, The Suicide Squad (both 2021) and The Batman (2022). They have also worked on Terminator: Dark Fate, Gemini Man (both 2019), Godzilla vs. Kong, Free Guy and Don't Look Up (all 2021). In terms of television, Scanline has worked on Game of Thrones season eight (2019), Shadow and Bone (2021-), Foundation (2021-), Cowboy Bebop (2021) and Stranger Things season four (2022). In November 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire Scanline with plans for it to operate as a standalone business working with a variety of clients. The acquisition closed in the first quarter of 2022. Accolades Scanline is responsible for the development of its proprietary fluid effects software, Flowline. Scanline was the sole developer of Flowline and in 2008, was the recipient of a Scientific and Technical Achievement Academy Award for the software. In 2010, Scanline was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for its work on Clint Eastwood's Hereafter, for which it was the sole visual effects vendor. Scanline received a BAFTA nomination for Best Special Visual Effects in 2010 for its work on Iron Man 3 as well as a second Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects in 2014, for Captain America: The Winter Soldier. In 2010, Scanline won its first Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Feature Motion Picture for Hereafter. Scanline has two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Special Visual Effects to its credit for its work on Season Four and Season Eight of Game of Thrones as well as an HPA Award for Outstanding Visual Effects and a Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Created Environment for episode The Iron Throne. Completed projects 300 2012 300: Rise of an Empire 6 Underground A Good Day to Die Hard American Renegades Ant-Man and the Wasp Aquaman Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Battleship Ben-Hur Between Two Ferns: The Movie Bird Box Black Panther Black Widow Blackhat Bumblebee Captain America: The Winter Soldier Captain Marvel Charlie's Angels Cosmos: Possible Worlds Divergent Exodus: Gods and Kings Eternals Furious 7 Game of Thrones Gemini Man Geostorm Godzilla Godzilla vs. Kong Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Gulliver's Travels Hereafter Hotel Lux Immortals In the Fade In the Heart of the Sea Independence Day: Resurgence Into the Storm Iron Man Iron Man 3 Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver Joker Journey 2: The Mysterious Island Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Justice League King Arthur: Legend of the Sword Kong: Skull Island Looper Luther Man of Steel Midway\",\n \"title\": \"Scanline VFX\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1289464\",\n \"text\": \"Eddard \\\"Ned\\\" Stark known as The Quiet Wolf is a fictional character in the 1996 fantasy novel A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin, and Game of Thrones, HBO's adaptation of Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series. In the storyline, Ned is the lord of Winterfell, an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros. Though the character is established as the main character in the novel and the first season of the TV adaptation, a plot twist involving Ned near the end of the novel and the end of the first season shocked both readers of the book and viewers of the TV series. Ned is portrayed by veteran English actor Sean Bean in the first season of Game of Thrones, as a child by Sebastian Croft in the sixth season and as a young adult by Robert Aramayo in the sixth and seventh seasons. Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television and a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor for the role. He and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2011. Character Description In A Game of Thrones (1996), Ned Stark is introduced as the virtuous and honorable patriarch of House Stark and the father of six children. The moral compass of the story, he is content to remain far from courtly intrigues and is unwavering in his view of loyalty and honor. His family name, Stark, serves as an indication of his resistance to moral compromise, but his boundaries are increasingly tested over the course of the novel. Finding himself a key player in the escalating political intrigue of King's Landing, Ned struggles as his own sense of honor draws him into corrupt goings-on at court. As the story progresses, he begins to see the importance of moral and practical compromises to achieve a just end, and is ultimately forced to choose between the safety of his family and doing what is right. Sean Bean said of the character, \\\"He's a good man trying to do his best in the middle of this corruption, he's a fish out of water, he's used to being up north in Winterfell where people are pretty straight and pragmatic, and he comes down to a place where people are playing games and backstabbing ... he's a principled man who tries to hold things together. This is a journey that he makes where ultimately his loyalty causes his downfall.\\\" Development and overview Publishers Weekly noted in 1996 that, despite the honest Ned Stark's intervention in court politics, \\\"no amount of heroism or good intentions can keep the realm under control.\\\" From his very first introduction, Ned is portrayed as a noble hero and set up to be the heart of the story. With fifteen chapters devoted to his point of view, more than any single character in the novel, he is presented as\",\n \"title\": \"Ned Stark\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51286338\",\n \"text\": \"The soundtrack album of the seventh season of HBO series Game of Thrones, titled Game of Thrones: Season 7, was released digitally on August 25, 2017 on CD on September 29, 2017. Track listing Credits and personnel Personnel adapted from the album liner notes. David Benioff – liner notes Ramin Djawadi – composer, primary artist, producer D.B. Weiss – liner notes Charts Awards and nominations References 2017 soundtrack albums Soundtrack Ramin Djawadi soundtracks WaterTower Music soundtracks Classical music soundtracks Instrumental soundtracks Television soundtracks\",\n \"title\": \"Game of Thrones: Season 7 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"41890180\",\n \"text\": \"The Iron Throne, in the fantasy novel series A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin, is the throne of the monarch of the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, and serves as a metonym for the monarchy of Westeros as an institution. The success of the HBO television adaptation Game of Thrones has made the show's version of the royal seat an icon of the entire media franchise. Martin said in 2013, \\\"Say Game of Thrones, and people think of the HBO Iron Throne.\\\" Martin called the depiction of the throne in his 2014 A Song of Ice and Fire companion book The World of Ice & Fire \\\"absolutely right\\\". He has noted repeatedly that none of the previous media representations of the throne—including books, games and the TV series—closely resemble what he had in mind when writing his novels. A Song of Ice and Fire In the series, the Iron Throne is both a physical seat of office as well as a metonym for the monarchy of Westeros. Martin establishes in A Game of Thrones (1996) that after seizing control of six of the Seven Kingdoms, Targaryen ruler Aegon the Conqueror had made a throne for himself from the swords of his vanquished enemies, fused by dragonfire. Aegon had established King's Landing as the royal capital, and the Iron Throne itself sits in the Red Keep. Martin writes that according to legend, Aegon kept the blades sharp so that no ruler should ever sit comfortably. Centuries later, kings still cut themselves on the throne; it is a common belief that such rulers are therefore unfit to rule. Description Purportedly made from a thousand swords and knives, the Iron Throne is a massive and asymmetrical tangle of jagged and twisted blades, in which reclining is impossible. Martin commented in 2014: Depictions The Iron Throne has been depicted in comic books, in games, and on book covers, but Martin has noted repeatedly that none of these representations coincided with what he imagined: To Martin, the attempt closest to his vision was by French artist Marc Simonetti, for a Mexican edition of A Game of Thrones. The author subsequently worked with Simonetti to get an image the author calls \\\"absolutely right\\\". This depiction appears in Martin's 2014 companion book The World of Ice & Fire. He noted, \\\"From now on, THIS will be the reference I give to every other artist tackling a throne room scene.\\\" Martin said of the image: The various depictions of the throne include: The Art of George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire (2005); Title page by Michael Komarck (Jaime Lannister on the Iron Throne) A Game of Thrones (2014); Cover by Marc Simonetti (Random House México, ) The World of Ice & Fire (2014); \\\"The Targaryen Kings\\\", art by Marc Simonetti A Game of Thrones: Genesis video game (2011); Box cover by Marc Simonetti A Game of Thrones: The Card Game; \\\"The Price of Nobility\\\" card (2009), art by Alex\",\n \"title\": \"Iron Throne (A Song of Ice and Fire)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1888758\",\n \"text\": \"Margaery Tyrell is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones, where she is portrayed by English actress Natalie Dormer. Margaery is first mentioned in A Game of Thrones (1996) and first appears in A Clash of Kings (1998). She subsequently appeared in A Storm of Swords (2000) and A Feast for Crows (2005). Margaery is a member of the House Tyrell, the second wealthiest and largest of the eight Great Houses in Westeros. She is the younger sister of Lord Willas Tyrell, the heir to Highgarden, Ser Garlan the Gallant, as well as Ser Loras Tyrell, the Knight of Flowers. She is close to her paternal grandmother Lady Olenna, the Queen of Thorns, originally of House Redwyne. Like her grandmother, Margaery is shrewd, ambitious and adaptable, and uses her beauty, generosity and family influence to secure power for herself. Having wed herself to three kings over the course of the narrative, she becomes an influential political figure in Westeros, which often brings her into conflict with her chief rival at court, Cersei Lannister. Character overview Book series Margaery is the only daughter of Alerie Hightower and Mace Tyrell, the Lord of Highgarden in the Reach. Her older brothers are the heir Willas, Garlan and Loras the Knight of Flowers, who is a member of the Kingsguard. One of the wealthiest and most powerful families in Westeros, House Tyrell is actually guided by the willful Lady Olenna, Mace's mother, who has arranged Margaery's marriages and mentors her in politics and court intrigue. Margaery Tyrell is not a point of view character in the novels, so her actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of Sansa Stark and Cersei Lannister. Television series In HBO's Game of Thrones, Margaery's backstory and plotline in the early seasons remain largely unchanged from the novels, though the character is more prominent in the series and this version of Margaery is an adult as opposed to a teenager. Margaery first appears in the second season, following her marriage to Renly; she is well aware that her marriage is a political one, and displays pragmatism regarding Renly's homosexuality and his relationship with her brother Loras. Storylines A Clash of Kings Margaery first appears in A Clash of Kings (1998), having married Renly Baratheon and supporting his claim to the Iron Throne. After Renly's assassination, the Tyrells switch allegiance and Margaery is instead offered to wed King Joffrey Baratheon. A Storm of Swords In A Storm of Swords (2000), she becomes popular among the citizens of King's Landing through her various charitable activities. Margaery forms an amiable relationship with the King's ex-fiancée Sansa Stark and through Sansa she learns much about Joffrey's true nature. Margaery weds Joffrey, but he is poisoned at their wedding feast. A Feast for Crows In A Feast for Crows (2005) Margaery marries Joffrey's younger brother, Tommen, and encourages him to\",\n \"title\": \"Margaery Tyrell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"713590\",\n \"text\": \"A Clash of Kings is the second of seven planned novels in A Song of Ice and Fire, an epic fantasy series by American author George R. R. Martin. It was first published on November 16, 1998 in the United Kingdom; the first United States edition followed on February 2, 1999. Like its predecessor, A Game of Thrones, it won the Locus Award (in 1999) for best novel and was nominated for the Nebula Award (also in 1999) for best novel. In May 2005, Meisha Merlin released a limited edition of the novel, fully illustrated by John Howe. The novel has been adapted for television by HBO as the second season of the TV series Game of Thrones. A Clash of Kings is also the name of the first expansion to the Game of Thrones board game. Plot summary A Clash of Kings depicts the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros in civil war, while the Night's Watch mounts a reconnaissance to investigate the mysterious people known as wildlings. Meanwhile, Daenerys Targaryen continues her plan to conquer the Seven Kingdoms. In the Seven Kingdoms With King Robert Baratheon dead, his purported son Joffrey sits on the Iron Throne. His reign is far from stable, as both of Robert's brothers, Renly and Stannis, have claimed the throne as well. Two regions attempt to secede from the realm: Robb Stark is declared \\\"King in the North\\\" while Balon Greyjoy declares himself king of the Iron Islands. The war among these contenders is dubbed the War of the Five Kings. Stannis Baratheon, publicizing the claim that Joffrey and his siblings are bastards, claims the throne as Robert's eldest brother and therefore heir. He is supported by Melisandre, a foreign priestess who believes Stannis a prophesied messianic figure. Renly is supported by the wealthy Lord Mace Tyrell, and has married Mace's daughter Margaery. Robb's mother Catelyn Stark meets with Renly and Stannis to discuss an alliance against Joffrey's family, the Lannisters, but she is unable to reach an agreement with them. Melisandre uses magic to send a shadow to assassinate Renly in the middle of the night, and Stannis besieges Storm’s End, Renly’s castle; after witnessing Renly's death, Catelyn and Renly's bodyguard, Brienne of Tarth, flee the scene. Tyrion Lannister, Joffrey's uncle, arrives at the capital city of King's Landing as acting Hand of the King, the senior adviser to Joffrey's reign. Tyrion improves the defenses of the city while jockeying for power against Joffrey's mother, the Queen Regent Cersei. Learning of Renly's death, Tyrion sends the crown's treasurer Petyr “Littlefinger” Baelish to win the Tyrells' support for Joffrey. Catelyn's daughter Sansa, a hostage of the Lannisters, is regularly abused by Joffrey. Riots break out in the city due to Joffrey's cruelty and food shortages caused by the ongoing war. Robb wins several victories against the Lannisters while his younger brother Bran rules the Northern stronghold of Winterfell in his absence. Against Catelyn's advice, Robb sends his friend Theon Greyjoy, Balon Greyjoy's son, to negotiate an\",\n \"title\": \"A Clash of Kings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"32615524\",\n \"text\": \"Gemma Elizabeth Whelan (born 23 April 1981) is an English actress and comedian known for portraying Yara Greyjoy in the HBO fantasy-drama series Game of Thrones. She also plays Kate in all seasons of the comedy Upstart Crow, Detective Eunice Noon on the first season of The End of the F***ing World on Channel 4, and Geraldine on the third season of Killing Eve. Early life Whelan was born in Leeds and grew up in the Midlands. She attended The King's High School for Girls in Warwick and the London Studio Centre. Career As a stand-up comedian, Whelan won the 2010 Funny Women Variety Award. She performed at the 2013 Edinburgh Fringe with her show Chastity Butterworth & The Spanish Hamster. In 2014 she recorded a pilot chat show as her character Chastity Butterworth for BBC Radio 4. On screen, she has played supporting roles in several films and TV shows, including in the 2010 films Gulliver's Travels and The Wolfman. She played Kate (appearing in all 18 main episodes, as well as three Christmas specials) in Ben Elton's BBC Two comedy Upstart Crow, and was a series regular on The End of the F***ing World. She also played roles in other comedies, including Uncle and The Agency. In August 2011, she was cast as Yara Greyjoy, elder sister of Theon, of House Greyjoy of the Iron Islands, in the HBO fantasy-drama television series Game of Thrones, and appeared as a recurring cast member from the second season onward. In 2017, she portrayed Karen Matthews in the two-part TV drama The Moorside, based on the 2008 disappearance of nine-year-old Shannon Matthews. In 2019, she appeared as Marian Lister in the BBC drama Gentleman Jack. In February 2020, a stage adaptation of Upstart Crow opened at the Gielgud Theatre, London, Whelan reprising the role of Kate. Whelan returned to the West End stage as Kate when the play was revived at the Apollo Theatre in 2022. Personal life Whelan lives in London with her husband, the comedian and actor Gerry Howell and their two children. Filmography Film Television Stage Video games Short films Awards and nominations References External links Amore, video with Whelan on Upstart Crow Living people English film actresses English stand-up comedians English women comedians Actresses from Leeds 21st-century English actresses English stage actresses English television actresses English video game actresses English voice actresses 1981 births WFTV Award winners People educated at The King's High School for Girls Comedians from Leeds\",\n \"title\": \"Gemma Whelan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51283421\",\n \"text\": \"Game of Thrones'' Live Concert Experience is the concert tour by the HBO epic fantasy series Game of Thrones featuring composer Ramin Djawadi. The all-arena tour was announced on August 8, 2016 at an intimate concert in Los Angeles, California. The tour consists of 24 dates in cities across the United States and Canada. The tour's title, \\\"Music Is Coming\\\" is in reference to House Stark motto, \\\"Winter Is Coming.\\\" The concert started on February 20, 2017 in Saint Paul, Minnesota and ended April 2 in Portland, Oregon. A world tour was announced in September 2017. It started in May 2018 in Madrid and ended in October in Toronto. A third tour in North America started on September 5, 2019 finishing on October 5, 2019. Background On August 8, 2016, composer Ramin Djawadi announced the Game of Thrones'' Live Concert Experience Tour at an event at the Hollywood Palladium in Los Angeles with Isaac Hempstead Wright, who plays Bran Stark in the series. The tour started in Saint Paul, Minnesota and concluded in Portland, Oregon. The tour consisted of 24 cities across the United States, with additional stops in Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec in Canada. The tour featured the show's composer, Ramin Djawadi, conducting an 80-piece orchestra and choir, which performed highlights from the series' musical score, on a 360-degree stage. In addition, LED telescoping and wall screens, and special 3D designs, rose from the stage floor. Instruments were specially created for the tour, such as a 14-foot Wildling horn played during the Wildling attack on the Wall section. We really want to summarize the show the best we can, There's a lot of different locations and events to cover. If you come and watch this concert, you really get a nice summary and a nice look back on the past seasons. The one I'm really excited about is 'Light of the Seven,' which was such a great surprise to the viewers, because it's the first time we're using piano, Besides the orchestra and the choir, we will have the piano and that piece to play. That'll be really great live. - Ramin Djawadi In an interview, Djawadi talked about the tour, saying, \\\"I'm going through the music to adapt it more for a live performance, and I might have a vocalist on a piece that didn't have one before, or lengthen another piece, I'm not bound to the picture anymore, so I can let the music tell its own story, and be creative about it.\\\" Stage The concert contained multiple stages and the main stage (King's Landing stage), and featured Djawadi as conductor with the orchestra and choir. On the other side of the stage (Winterfell stage) were another choir and more soloists. In between those stages were four smaller stages, with each being named after different locations from the world of Game of Thrones. There was also a runway between the two main stages, that was also a location. Setlist This setlist was performed at the October\",\n \"title\": \"Game of Thrones Live Concert Experience\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"51284023\",\n \"text\": \"The soundtrack album of the fourth season of HBO series Game of Thrones, titled Game of Thrones: Season 4 was released digitally on June 10, 2014, and on CD on July 1, 2014. Season 4 of Game of Thrones saw the Icelandic band Sigur Rós perform their rendition of \\\"The Rains of Castamere\\\" in a cameo appearance at King Joffrey's wedding in the second episode, \\\"The Lion and the Rose\\\". Reception The soundtrack received mostly positive reviews from critics. The soundtrack was awarded a score of 4/5 by Heather Phares of AllMusic. Track listing Credits and personnel Personnel adapted from the album liner notes. David Benioff – liner notes Ramin Djawadi – composer, primary artist, producer Sigur Rós – primary artist George R.R. Martin – lyricist D.B. Weiss – liner notes Charts Awards and nominations References Ramin Djawadi soundtracks 2014 soundtrack albums Soundtrack Classical music soundtracks Instrumental soundtracks Television soundtracks WaterTower Music soundtracks\",\n \"title\": \"Game of Thrones: Season 4 (soundtrack)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"74482415\",\n \"text\": \"Vladimir Furdik is a Slovak stunt performer and actor. He played the role of the Night King on the television series Game of Thrones from 2016 to 2019. Biography Vladimir Furdik was born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia). Since the 1970s, he was a member of theater groups in Czechoslovakia. In the 1990s Furdik has already worked in Hollywood, first doing stunts for the low-budget horror film Tremors, but soon worked on The Three Musketeers. Furdik moved from the predominantly stunt work to direct acting in the 2000s. He played the role of Andrzej, a gypsy in the film Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. Game of Thrones Furdik participated in the production of Game of Thrones, following the crew to Belfast, Spain, and Croatia. For the series, he not only did stunt work, but also portrayed the antagonist the Night King in Seasons 6, 7 and 8. Filmography Stunt performer: 1990 Tremors 1993 The Three Musketeers 1996 Dragonheart 2001 Uprising 2001 Behind Enemy Lines 2005 Kingdom of Heaven 2006 Eragon 2008 The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian 2008 The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor 2009 Solomon Kane 2010 Spartacus 2011 The Eagle 2011 Season of the Witch 2011 War Horse 2011 Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows 2012 John Carter 2012 Prometheus 2012 Snow White and the Huntsman 2012 Skyfall 2013 Thor: The Dark World 2014 Noah 2014 Hercules 2014 Exodus: Gods and Kings 2016 The Huntsman: Winter's War 2019 The Witcher 2021 The Last Duel Actor: 1994 The Dragon Ring 2000 Dragonheart: A New Beginning 2004 La Femme Musketeer 2007 The Last Legion 2010 Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time 2010 Strike Back 2011 Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows 2011 Game of Thrones See also Richard Brake References Living people Stunt performers Slovak film actors Actors from Bratislava Year of birth missing (living people)\",\n \"title\": \"Vladimir Furdik\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"60880568\",\n \"text\": \"Andrew McClay is a former extra on Game of Thrones who gained considerable prominence for his depiction in the Game of Thrones: The Last Watch documentary. Director Jeanie Finlay said about McClay: “I’ve found the heart of our film.” McClay first appeared as a Baratheon soldier in Season 5, who later becomes a Stark bannerman in Seasons 6, 7, and 8. McClay revealed in Game of Thrones: The Last Watch that his character's name across all 4 seasons was Aberdolf Strongbeard. References External links 1984 births Living people Irish male television actors 21st-century Irish male actors Male actors from Derry (city)\",\n \"title\": \"Andrew McClay\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1888712\",\n \"text\": \"Stannis Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. He is the second son of Steffon Baratheon and Cassana Estermont, as well as the brother of Robert – lord of the Seven Kingdoms, and Renly – lord of Storm's End. He is the Lord of Dragonstone, and after his elder brother's death, becomes a claimant to the Iron Throne of Westeros and a key player in the subsequent civil war. Stannis's goals are frequently impeded by his lack of manpower and resources, owing to his unpopularity with other noble houses. He must therefore rely on the counsel of the foreign priestess Melisandre and his right-hand man, lowborn smuggler Davos Seaworth, who he later promotes to Hand of the King. Stannis often struggles to escape the shadow of his two more overtly charismatic brothers, particularly Robert. Though first mentioned in 1996's A Game of Thrones, Stannis formally appeared in A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000) and A Dance with Dragons (2011). In December 2011, Martin posted a sample chapter from the yet-unfinished The Winds of Winter, told from Theon Greyjoy's viewpoint, which confirmed Stannis' return in the sixth book. Stannis is portrayed by English actor Stephen Dillane in the HBO television adaptation of the series, who has received significant critical praise for his performance. Stannis is a divisive character among fans of the books and television show alike, enjoying both great popularity for his dedication to justice and dark horse status, as well as opposition for his unrelenting attitude towards the Iron Throne. He has earned particular attention for the differences in his characterization between the novels and show, particularly during season five. Character description Stannis Baratheon is the younger brother of King Robert and older brother of Renly. He is portrayed as a brooding and humorless man with a harsh but fair sense of duty and justice whose dour demeanor is often off-putting in comparison to his two more charismatic brothers. He is renowned as a skilled and prescient military commander. Although he is initially said to be extremely stubborn and inflexible, in later books he has shown some ability to use diplomacy and deception to achieve his goals. Background Stannis was born the second of Steffon Baratheon and Cassana Estermont's three sons and in his youth was constantly overshadowed by Robert. When Stannis was 14, he witnessed his parents' death in a shipwreck off the coast of House Baratheon's castle, Storm's End, and subsequently lost his faith in the Seven Gods. During Robert's Rebellion, a teenage Stannis holds Storm's End in Robert's absence, successfully defending the besieged castle from the Reach forces of Mace Tyrell and Paxter Redwyne for the best part of the year. Stannis' garrison avoids starvation thanks only to the smuggler Davos Seaworth, who evades the blockade by the Redwyne fleet to bring the Baratheon soldiers a cargo\",\n \"title\": \"Stannis Baratheon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"50049210\",\n \"text\": \"After the Thrones is an American live television aftershow that premiered on April 25, 2016, and ended on June 28, 2016. It was hosted by Andy Greenwald and Chris Ryan who discussed episodes of the HBO television series Game of Thrones. The talk show was executive produced by Bill Simmons and Eric Weinberger. Greenwald and Ryan previously hosted a podcast version of the show titled Watch the Thrones on Simmons' Grantland website. A similar talk show called Thronecast aired on British channel Sky Atlantic, which also discussed episodes of Game of Thrones. The talk show was made available to HBO and HBO Now subscribers, and airs on the Monday following each episode of Game of Thrones. After the show's cancellation, Greenwald and Ryan, along with Simmons, made a similar live stream video podcast for distribution on Twitter called Talk the Thrones. Although it covers the same subject matter, it is a different production. Broadcast and format The series features hosts Andy Greenwald and Chris Ryan from the upcoming sports and pop culture website, The Ringer created by Bill Simmons, discussing episodes of the HBO fantasy drama Game of Thrones. Following the success of similar shows such as Talking Dead, which serves as a network sanctioned discussion of the show, HBO decided to introduce its own version of the format in which the hosts provide a \\\"lively, humorous and sophisticated look\\\" at the previous night's episode. The show airs on the stand-alone streaming service HBO Now on the Monday following each episode of the show's sixth season, which itself airs on Sundays. Greenwald and Ryan previously hosted a similar version of the show for Simmons' now-defunct sports and pop culture website Grantland, titled \\\"Watch the Thrones\\\", in a podcast format. Previous \\\"Watch the Thrones\\\" guests Mallory Rubin and Jason Concepcion are also part of the show. The series began on Monday, April 25, 2016, on HBO Now, HBO Go, HBO On Demand and HBO. The stated purpose of the show is to \\\"recap the latest episode, explaining the who, what, when and where, exploring the complicated politics and history of Thrones, and offering absurd and not-so-absurd theories about future episodes.\\\" For the seventh season of Game of Thrones, the after show changed its name to Talk the Thrones and moved from HBO to the social media site Twitter, where it will stream live every week after an episode airs. Simmons said that \\\"We love Game of Thrones and we love the way Twitter is thinking about content right now, so we jumped at the chance to blow out our Thrones show into an interactive multimedia experience — something that reacts immediately to what just happened, almost like a postgame show in sports - Nobody is equipped to do that better than Twitter. It's the natural evolution of what we had already established with Chris, Andy, Mallory and Jason.\\\" Episodes Season 1 (2016) These episodes discuss season six of Game of Thrones. Starting from the first episode, \\\"The Red Woman\\\". See also\",\n \"title\": \"After the Thrones\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"38072878\",\n \"text\": \"The following events occurred in October 1920: October 1, 1920 (Friday) The 1920 Chilean presidential election was finally settled when the South American nation's Supreme Court ruled, 5 to 2, that Arturo Allesandri had been elected over Luis Barros Borgono by 177 electoral votes to 176. On October 4, a joint session of the National Congress proclaimed the election. Charles Ponzi was indicted on 86 counts of mail fraud. For the first time in decades, New York City residents were not required to change their dwellings for \\\"Moving Day\\\", and more than 90 percent of families elected to stay at their homes. On October 1, 1919, an estimated 75,000 New York families moved from one apartment to another as their leases expired; in 1920 it was only 5,000. Born: Walter Matthau, American film and stage actor, Oscar Award and Tony Award winner; as Walter Matthow in New York City (d. 2000) Charles Daudelin, Canadian sculptor; in Granby, Quebec (d. 2001) October 2, 1920 (Saturday) King Alexander of Greece was injured by a monkey while walking through the grounds of the Tatoi Palace and developed a fatal infection as a result. The King was walking with his dog, Fritz, when a Barbary macaque came through and the two animals fought. While trying to rescue his dog, King Alexander suffered a deep bite from a second macaque. The wound became infected and Alexander died of sepsis on October 25. Noting the disaster that followed when Alexander's death brought former King Constantine back to the throne, and the new government's disastrous war with Turkey, Winston Churchill would later write \\\"It is perhaps no exaggeration to remark that a quarter of a million persons died of this monkey's bite.\\\" Lord Curzon, the British Foreign Secretary, sent a warning to Soviet Foreign Minister Georgy Chicherin warning that Soviet submarines were seen in the Baltic Sea, and that the Royal Navy would attack Russian subs on sight. King Alfonso of Spain dissolved the Cortes, Spain's parliament, at the request of Prime Minister Dato because Dato's government did not have a majority. With two games left to play in the season, the Cleveland Indians clinched the American League pennant with a 10-1 win over the Detroit Tigers, guaranteeing that they would finish at least one game ahead of the Chicago White Sox, who had recently lost several of their star players to the Black Sox Scandal. The last tripleheader in major league baseball, with teams playing three nine-inning games on the same day, took place in Pittsburgh, as the Reds defeated the Pirates 13-4 and 7-3 in the first two games, and the Pirates won 6-0 in the final meeting of the day. With the victory, the Reds captured third place in the National League pennant race. The Friday game between the teams had been rained out, and, since the game would determine third place in the NL, the owners agreed to play it on the same day as Saturday's scheduled doubleheader, starting at noon rather than\",\n \"title\": \"October 1920\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"42139937\",\n \"text\": \"Catch the Throne is a two-volume mixtape. The first volume was released digitally on March 7, 2014, and on CD on March 28, 2014, as a free mix tape that features various rap artists to help promote the HBO series Game of Thrones. The albums feature hip hop artists including Snoop Dogg, Ty Dolla $ign, Common, Wale, Daddy Yankee, as well as music by Ramin Djawadi from the show and some voices from the show. Reception The album received mostly mixed reviews from critics and fans alike. Track listing Volume I To help promote the series to a broader audience including multicultural urban youth, HBO commissioned an album of rap songs dedicated to Game of Thrones. Entitled Catch the Throne, it was published for free on SoundCloud on March 7, 2014. Volume II A second volume of songs was released in March 2015, prior to the beginning of the fifth season of Game of Thrones. This volume again consisted of songs from hip-hop artists, but this time also included contributions from several heavy metal bands. It was released as a free download on iTunes and SoundCloud. References 2014 mixtape albums 2015 mixtape albums Music of Game of Thrones Hip hop compilation albums Ramin Djawadi\",\n \"title\": \"Catch the Throne\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1316115\",\n \"text\": \"Gregor Clegane, nicknamed \\\"The Mountain That Rides\\\" or simply \\\"The Mountain\\\", is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. In the books, the character is initially introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones. He subsequently appeared in A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000) and in A Dance with Dragons (2011). A notorious knight and retainer to House Lannister, he is well known for his enormous size, prowess in battle, extremely cruel nature, and uncontrollable temper. He is the older brother of Sandor \\\"The Hound\\\" Clegane who has hated him ever since Gregor gruesomely scarred Sandor by shoving his face into a brazier when they were children. After being mortally wounded in a duel with Oberyn Martell, he is resuscitated by Qyburn via sinister means and becomes member of the Kingsguard and the personal bodyguard of Cersei Lannister. In the HBO television adaptation, Clegane was originally portrayed by Australian actor Conan Stevens in season one, and by Welsh actor Ian Whyte in season two; Icelandic actor and world champion strongman Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson took over the role in season four and continued in the role until the final season. Character description Ser Gregor Clegane is the head of House Clegane, a landed knight vassal to House Lannister, and is the older brother of Sandor Clegane. His enormous size and strength make him a fearsome warrior (in the novels he is nearly ) tall, and weighs over ), and he has earned a reputation for violence and brutality. When they were children, Gregor shoved Sandor's face into a brazier for using his toy, gruesomely scarring him. Over the course of his service to Tywin Lannister, he has committed numerous war crimes, most infamously the rape and murder of the Targaryen royal family, but has repeatedly avoided punishment due to House Lannister's power and influence over the Iron Throne. Clegane was one of the first Lannister soldiers to enter King's Landing during its sack at the end of Robert Baratheon's rebellion. He raped and murdered Princess Elia, after murdering her son Aegon by shattering the child's head against a wall, a grudge House Martell still bears 14 years later at the onset of A Game of Thrones. Gregor Clegane is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as Arya Stark and Cersei Lannister. Gregor is mostly a background character in the novels. Storylines A Song of Ice and Fire In A Game of Thrones, Tywin Lannister sends him to raid the Riverlands in retaliation for Catelyn Stark's abduction of Tyrion. Beric Dondarrion is sent to arrest Gregor, but Gregor ambushes and kills him. He and his men continue raiding the Riverlands throughout A Clash of Kings. When Tyrion Lannister demands a trial by combat in A Storm of Swords, the accuser\",\n \"title\": \"Gregor Clegane\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6903063\",\n \"text\": \"A kingmaker is a person who can influence the selection of a monarch, without themself being a candidate for the throne, or a similar position of power. Kingmaker may also refer to: Games Kingmaker (board game), a 1974 board game set in (English) Wars of the Roses Kingmaker (video game), a 1994 strategy video game based on the board game Neverwinter Nights: Kingmaker, a 2005 expansion pack for BioWare's Neverwinter Nights Pathfinder: Kingmaker, a 2018 video game by Owlcat Games Television King Maker (TVB), a 2012 TVB drama Kingmaker: The Change of Destiny, a 2020 South Korean television series \\\"Kingmaker\\\" (Law & Order), a 2006 episode of NBC drama \\\"The Kingmaker\\\" (The Blacklist), a 2014 episode Good Night Show - King Maker, the first season of the TV series King Maker Music Kingmaker (band), British indie rock band Kingmaker (Tami Neilson album), a 2022 album Kingmaker (Pretty Maids album), a 2016 album \\\"Kingmaker\\\", a 2013 song by American band Megadeth from the album Super Collider In cinema The Kingmaker (film), a 2019 documentary film The King Maker, a 2005 Thai film Kingmaker (film), a 2022 South Korean political drama film Other uses The Kingmaker (audio drama) a 2006 Doctor Who audio drama King Maker, a 2010 urban fantasy novel by Maurice Broaddus Kingmaker (comics), Marvel character related to X-Men See also Kingmaker scenario, in games, a situation where a losing player has the power to select the winner\",\n \"title\": \"Kingmaker (disambiguation)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"64223829\",\n \"text\": \"Destiny 2: The Witch Queen is a major expansion for Destiny 2, a first-person shooter video game by Bungie. Representing the sixth expansion and the fifth year of extended content for Destiny 2, it was originally planned for release in late 2021, but due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the expansion was delayed by three months and was released on February 22, 2022. Prior to release, Bungie reported that The Witch Queen had over 1 million pre-orders, \\\"on track to becoming the most pre-ordered expansion in Destiny 2 history\\\". The expansion revolves around Savathûn, The Witch Queen, the sister of Oryx, who was the antagonist of the original Destinys (2014) first major expansion, The Taken King (2015). The expansion added weapon crafting to the game where players can obtain weapon patterns of existing weapons to craft their own versions with chosen perks to fit to their own play style. Other new content across the game includes new missions, Player versus Environment locations, Player versus Player maps, player gear, weaponry, and a new raid. Two new dungeons and a reprised raid, \\\"King's Fall\\\" from The Taken King, were released over the course of the year. The Witch Queen had four seasonal content offerings for Year 5 of the game: Season of the Risen, which was available alongside the expansion, Season of the Haunted in May, Season of Plunder in August, and Season of the Seraph in December, which ran until the launch of the next expansion, Lightfall, on February 28, 2023. With the release of Lightfall, this seasonal content was removed from the game with the exception of the respective battlegrounds activities from Season of the Risen and Season of the Seraph, which were incorporated into the Vanguard Operations playlist. Gameplay The Witch Queen introduces a new location, Savathûn's Throne World, above Mars within the Ascendant Realm. In addition to world activities, a new raid, \\\"Vow of the Disciple\\\", was released on March 5, 2022. Two additional dungeons were also added over the course of the expansion, but requires the purchase of a dungeon key. The \\\"King's Fall\\\" raid from the original Destinys (2014) The Taken King expansion was added on August 26, 2022, during Season 18 and is free for all players to access. It features the same story as the original, but accounts for differences in Destiny 2, such as gameplay mechanics and Champion enemies, as well as a new starting instance to replace the absent Dreadnaught destination that had been present in The Taken King (players begin the raid in the Court of Oryx area like the original, but cannot explore the Dreadnaught beyond this area). New and existing story content was expanded with a new \\\"Legendary\\\" difficulty, designed to be challenging for single players but with improved rewards for completing. At the same time, some content from the Forsaken (2018) expansion was removed from the game and placed in the Destiny Content Vault; this included the full Forsaken campaign, the Tangled Shore destination and its\",\n \"title\": \"Destiny 2: The Witch Queen\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"713625\",\n \"text\": \"A Storm of Swords is the third of seven planned novels in A Song of Ice and Fire, a fantasy series by American author George R. R. Martin. It was first published on August 8, 2000, in the United Kingdom, with a United States edition following in November 2000. Its publication was preceded by a novella called Path of the Dragon, which collects some of the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel into a single book. At the time of its publication, A Storm of Swords was the longest novel in the series. It was so long that in the UK, Ireland, Australia, Serbia and Israel, its paperback edition was split in half, Part 1 being published as Steel and Snow in June 2001 (with the one-volume cover) and Part 2 as Blood and Gold in August 2001 (with a specially-commissioned new cover). The same division was used in the Polish and Greek editions. In France, the decision was made to cut the novel into four separate volumes. A Storm of Swords won the 2001 Locus Award, the 2002 Geffen Award for Best Novel and was nominated for the 2001 Nebula Award for Best Novel. It was the first novel in the series to be nominated for the Hugo Award, one of the two most prestigious awards in science fiction and fantasy publishing, although it lost to J. K. Rowling's novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Meisha Merlin Publishing, which had previously issued limited, illustrated editions of both A Game of Thrones and A Clash of Kings, was planning to release a similar version for A Storm of Swords in two volumes; however, lengthy delays in the release of A Clash of Kings caused it to lose its publishing rights, which were picked up by Subterranean Press. This edition, illustrated by Charles Vess, was released in the summer of 2006. A Storm of Swords is also the name of the second expansion to the board game A Game of Thrones, released in July 2006. Approximately the first half of the novel was adapted for television as the third season of the HBO show Game of Thrones, while the second half became the basis for the series' fourth season, and some elements for the series' fifth season. Plot summary A Storm of Swords picks up the story slightly before the end of its predecessor, A Clash of Kings. The Seven Kingdoms of Westeros are still in the grip of the War of the Five Kings, wherein Joffrey Baratheon and his uncle Stannis Baratheon compete for the Iron Throne, while Robb Stark of the North and Balon Greyjoy of the Iron Islands declare their independence (Stannis's brother Renly Baratheon, the fifth \\\"king\\\", has already been killed). Meanwhile, a large host of wildlings, the tribes from beyond the Seven Kingdoms' northern border, approach the Wall that marks the border, under the leadership of Mance Rayder, the self-proclaimed \\\"King Beyond the Wall\\\", with only the undermanned Night's Watch in opposition. Finally, Daenerys\",\n \"title\": \"A Storm of Swords\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["Jon"],"string":"[\n \"Jon\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":54,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"train_31337"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":". org .net . gov . com and . mil are examples of what"},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"14460786","text":"This is a list of the oldest extant registered generic top-level domains used in the Domain Name System of the Internet. Until late February 1986, Domain Registration was limited to organizations with access to ARPA. Public registration was revealed on Usenet on February 24, 1986. .com .org .edu Registration within .edu is restricted to accredited educational institutions. Prior to October 2001, registration was available worldwide; it has since been limited to institutions based in the United States. .net .mil .gov .int .arpa References Oldest Internet domain names Oldest things Internet domain names","title":"List of the oldest currently registered Internet domain names"},{"docid":"11357820","text":"The Internet in the United States grew out of the ARPANET, a network sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense during the 1960s. The Internet in the United States in turn provided the foundation for the worldwide Internet of today. Internet connections in the United States are largely provided by the private sector and are available in a variety of forms, using a variety of technologies, at a wide range of speeds and costs. In 2000, a majority of U.S. households had at least one personal computer and internet access the following year. In September 2007, a majority of U.S. survey respondents reported having broadband internet at home. In 2019, the United States ranked 3rd in the world for the number of internet users (behind China and India), with 312.32 million users. As of 2019, 90% of adults in America use the internet, either irregularly or frequently. The United States ranks #1 in the world with 7,000 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) according to the CIA. Internet bandwidth per Internet user was the 43rd highest in the world in 2016. Internet top-level domain names specific to the U.S. include .us, .edu, .gov, .mil, .as (American Samoa), .gu (Guam), .mp (Northern Mariana Islands), .pr (Puerto Rico), and .vi (U.S. Virgin Islands). Many U.S.-based organizations and individuals also use generic top-level domains, such as .com, .net, and .org. Overview Access and speed Access to the Internet can be divided into dial-up and broadband access. Around the start of the 21st century, most residential access was by dial-up, while access from businesses was usually by higher speed connections. In subsequent years dial-up declined in favor of broadband access. Both types of access generally use a modem, which converts digital data to analog for transmission over a particular analog network (ex. the telephone or cable networks). Dial-up access is a connection to the Internet through a phone line, creating a semi-permanent link to the Internet. Operating on a single channel, it monopolizes the phone line and is the slowest method of accessing the Internet. Dial-up is often the only form of Internet access available in rural areas because it requires no infrastructure other than the already existing telephone network. Dial-up connections typically do not exceed a speed of 56 kbit/s, because they are primarily made via a 56k modem. Broadband access includes a wide range of speeds and technologies, all of which provide much faster access to the Internet than dial-up. The term \"broadband\" once had a technical meaning, but today it is more often used as a marketing buzzword to simply mean \"faster\". Broadband connections are continuous or \"always on\" connections, without the need to dial and hangup, and do not monopolize phone lines. Common types of broadband access include DSL (digital subscriber lines), which uses a telephone line, cable Internet access, satellite Internet access, and mobile or wireless broadband, via cell phones or a mobile broadband modem, through a cellular or wireless network, and from a cell","title":"Internet in the United States"},{"docid":"617973","text":"Domain name speculation, popular as domain investing, domain flipping or domaining in professional jargon, is the practice of identifying and registering or acquiring generic Internet domain names as an investment with the intent of selling them later for a profit. The main targets of domain name speculation are generic words which can be valuable for type-in traffic and for the dominant position they would have in any field due to their descriptive nature. Hence generic words and phrases such as poker, insurance, travel, creditcards, loan and others are attractive targets of domain speculation in any top-level domain, the most popular of which is .com. The speculative characteristics of domain names may be linked to news reports or current events. However, the effective period during which such opportunities exist may be limited. Quick turnaround in the resale of domains is often called domain flipping. Domain flipping may also involve the process of buying a valuable domain name and building a related website around it, all this with the objective of selling the domain and newly built website to an interested party. Concept Sometimes, domain name speculation involves finding domain names early in a market, particularly when a new top-level domain is launched, registering them and waiting until the market grows to sell them. Domains such as voice.com, sex.com, and fund.com have sold for millions of US dollars. The COM top-level domain (or 'TLD') is the focus of most domain speculation activity as it is the largest TLD. Domain speculation occurs in other TLDs as well, such as NET and to a lesser extent in ORG, INFO, and BIZ. Of the Generic top-level domains, INFO is the most popular by registration volume compared to BIZ gTLD due to the low cost of initial registration and the recognizability of INFO as being an abbreviation of information. Domain name speculation also occurs in country code top-level domains (ccTLDs) such as .uk, .de and .us. The German TLD consists of over 12 million domains. The UK's domain has over 7.7 million domains registered according to Nominet's domain registration statistics webpage, mainly in its commercial sub-domain co.uk. These TLDs are mature markets where good domain names may command high prices. The EU ccTLD is an example of what happens when speculative activity overtakes \"ordinary\" domain registrations. A combination of an inept registry (EURid) and excessive speculation by businesses exploiting a poorly structured regulatory framework meant that, according to EURid's own statistics at the end of 2006, over 50% of the registrations could be considered at best speculative and at worst domain name warehousing. Specialist and repurposed ccTLDs have also seen elements of domain name speculation. One of the best examples is that of the .tv ccTLD which has found the fact that TV is an abbreviation for the word television to be rather lucrative. The .mobi TLD is a good example of a specialist TLD in that it is specifically targeted at mobile phones and similar mobile technology. The operators of .mobi, mTLD, have reserved some","title":"Domain name speculation"},{"docid":"5020664","text":"An unsponsored top-level domain (uTLD) is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet. IANA currently distinguishes 3 groups of top-level domains: country-code top-level domains (ccTLD), generic top-level domains (gTLD) and infrastructure top-level domain. Unsponsored TLD is a specialized top-level domain that has no sponsor, in opposition of sTLD (sponsored), that has a sponsor representing a specific community served by the domain. Generally speaking, uTLD is a TLD without \"owner\", where ICANN has an important governance role. It is a reduced set of TLDs: old ones (.com, .org and .net) and new ones (.biz, .info and .name). References Top-level domains Domain Name System Identifiers Internet governance","title":"Unsponsored top-level domain"},{"docid":"39878","text":"In the Internet, a domain name is a string that identifies a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control. Domain names are often used to identify services provided through the Internet, such as websites, email services and more. Domain names are used in various networking contexts and for application-specific naming and addressing purposes. In general, a domain name identifies a network domain or an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the Internet, or a server computer. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name. Domain names are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the DNS root domain, which is nameless. The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs), including the generic top-level domains (gTLDs), such as the prominent domains com, info, net, edu, and org, and the country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). Below these top-level domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second-level and third-level domain names that are typically open for reservation by end-users who wish to connect local area networks to the Internet, create other publicly accessible Internet resources or run websites. The registration of a second- or third-level domain name is usually administered by a domain name registrar who sell its services to the public. A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is a domain name that is completely specified with all labels in the hierarchy of the DNS, having no parts omitted. Traditionally a FQDN ends in a dot (.) to denote the top of the DNS tree. Labels in the Domain Name System are case-insensitive, and may therefore be written in any desired capitalization method, but most commonly domain names are written in lowercase in technical contexts. Purpose Domain names serve to identify Internet resources, such as computers, networks, and services, with a text-based label that is easier to memorize than the numerical addresses used in the Internet protocols. A domain name may represent entire collections of such resources or individual instances. Individual Internet host computers use domain names as host identifiers, also called hostnames. The term hostname is also used for the leaf labels in the domain name system, usually without further subordinate domain name space. Hostnames appear as a component in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for Internet resources such as websites (e.g., en.wikipedia.org). Domain names are also used as simple identification labels to indicate ownership or control of a resource. Such examples are the realm identifiers used in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), the Domain Keys used to verify DNS domains in e-mail systems, and in many other Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). An important function of domain names is to provide easily recognizable and memorizable names to numerically addressed Internet resources. This abstraction allows any resource to be moved to a different physical location in the address topology of the network, globally or locally in an intranet. Such a move usually requires changing the IP address of a","title":"Domain name"},{"docid":"66985566","text":".guru is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) owned by Donuts. It was delegated on 6 November 2013. History .guru was one of the first seven gTLDs launched simultaneously by Donuts in late 2013. The sunrise period, during which pre-existing trademark holders may register URLs prior to general availability to prevent domain squatting, lasted from 26 November 2013 through to 24 January 2014. .guru did not undergo a landrush period in which a closed group of non-trademark holders are able to purchase domains for a premium price, and instead went straight to general availability release. The launch of .guru was part of a significant movement in the creation of top-level domains; prior to 2014, only 22 gTLDs were available for registration, while over a thousand were launched in February 2014 alone. .guru quickly became the pre-eminent new gTLD in signups, having 55,000 registrations by May of that year with 35,000 in the first three weeks of its opening alone. Until the release of .app, .guru had the most pre-orders of any new gTLD at GoDaddy. However, the market for new gTLDs performed below expectations, with fewer registrations and a smaller market share than originally predicted. While .guru's first-mover advantage gave it a respectable market share amongst other minor gTLDs, the overall picture was of a more niche product than anticipated. In 2015, a year after its launch, .guru was found to have the second highest number of its registrations lapsed or deleted after .tips. Despite the failure to meet original expectations, .guru nonetheless remains a popular niche for many individuals and small businesses, particularly in India. Usage , there are 60,360 registered .guru domains, making up 0.21% of all domains. GoDaddy has the majority of the .guru market share with 47.4%, while NameCheap runs a distant second at 11.3%. Approximately 56,000 of the registrations are to active websites, and an estimated $1.5-2 million dollars are paid in .guru registration fees per year. According to The Spamhaus Project, as of September 2023 3.9% of .guru domains engage in spamming, compared to 1.5% of .com, 2.1% of .net, 6.6% of .info, 2.7% of .biz, and 0.8% of .org domains. .guru's primary competitors are .expert, which is similarly focused on expertise, and .ninja, another \"edgy\" expert-focused gTLD. Notes References Generic top-level domains 2013 introductions","title":".guru"},{"docid":"1114155","text":"The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) is a process established by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) for the resolution of disputes regarding the registration of internet domain names. The UDRP currently applies to all generic top level domains (.com, .net, .org, etc.), some country code top-level domains, and to all new generic top-level domains (.xyz, .online, .top, etc.). Historical background When ICANN was first set up, one of the core tasks assigned to it was \"The Trademark Dilemma\", the use of trade marks as domain names without the trademark owner's consent. By the late 1990s, such use was identified as problematic and likely to lead to consumers being misled. In the United Kingdom, the Court of Appeal described such domain names as \"an instrument of fraud\". One of the first steps was that Member States commissioned the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to produce a report on the tension between trademarks and domain names. Published on 30 April 1999, the WIPO Report recommended the establishment of a \"mandatory administrative procedure concerning abusive registrations\", which would allow for a \"neutral venue in the context of disputes that are often international in nature.\" The procedure was not intended to deal with cases with competing rights, nor would it exclude the jurisdiction of the courts. It would, however, be mandatory in the sense that \"each domain name application would, in the domain name agreement, be required to submit to the procedure if a claim was initiated against it by a third party. The WIPO Report also set out the current three-stage test of the UDRP. At its meetings on August 25 and 26, 1999 in Santiago, Chile, the ICANN Board of Directors adopted the UDRP Policy, based on the recommendations contained in the Report of the WIPO Internet Domain Name Process, as well as comments submitted by registrars and other interested parties. On October 24, 1999, the ICANN Board adopted a set of Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the UDRP Rules) setting out the procedures and other requirements for each stage of the dispute resolution administrative procedure. The procedure is administered by dispute resolution service providers accredited by ICANN. Following adoption by ICANN, the UDRP was launched on 1 December 1999, and the first case determined under it by WIPO was World Wrestling Federation Entertainment, Inc v. Michael Bosman, involving the domain name worldwrestlingfederation.com. Since then WIPO provides a globally-used Jurisprudential Overview to summarize case law on a range of common and important substantive and procedural issues under the UDRP. Adoption The policy has been adopted by all ICANN-accredited registrars. It has also been adopted by certain managers of country-code top-level domains (e.g., .nu, .tv, .ws). The policy is then applicable due to the contract between the registrar (or other registration authority in the case of a country-code top-level domain) and its customer (the domain-name holder or registrant). When a registrant chooses a domain name, the registrant must \"represent and warrant\", among other things,","title":"Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy"},{"docid":"394868","text":".info is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. The name is derived from information, although registration requirements do not prescribe any particular purpose. The TLD info followed ICANN's highly publicized announcement, in late 2000, of a phased release of seven new generic top-level domains. The event was the first addition of major gTLDs since the Domain Name System was developed in the 1980s. The seven new gTLDs, selected from over 180 proposals, were meant in part to take the pressure off the domain. History Domain info has been operated by Afilias since its creation. In 2003, it was the first gTLD domain to support IETF standards-based internationalized domain names. In 2001, Afilias CTO (Ram Mohan) discovered problems with the Universal Acceptance of the domain due to it being the first tld whose length was greater than two or three characters. The launching of info involved a \"Sunrise Period\" for trademark owners, followed by a \"landrush\" open to all, the first time such a process had ever been conducted for a new gTLD. This process received criticism for giving trademarks precedence over words that are generic in other contexts; for instance, the Caterpillar construction equipment company was able to register before feline enthusiasts were. Although a large number of fraudulent registrations were initially made by registrants who did not actually own a valid trademark, a challenge procedure later weeded out most of these. Prior to launch, the names of countries were reserved from registration at the request of ICANN, to the consternation of those who had paid pre-registration fees to attempt to register these names in the landrush. ICANN's Governmental Advisory Committee, composed of country representatives from around the world applauded the move, the first by any major domain to protect the national interests of sovereign nations. Usage Domain info has been the most successful of the seven new domain names, with over 5.2 million domain names in the registry as of April 2008. After the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York switched to the easier to remember mta.info website to lead users to latest information on schedules and route changes on the area's transportation services. ICANN and Afilias have also sealed an agreement for country names to be reserved by ICANN under resolution 01.92. Info is an unrestricted domain, meaning that anyone can obtain a second-level domain for any purpose, similar to the domains com, net and org. This is in contrast to TLDs such as edu, or coop. Info is the only top-level domain that was explicitly created and chartered for unrestricted use, although various other TLDs resulted in this situation de facto. Info stands for information in about 37 languages, and is a neutral name. Afilias, the registry operator of both the info and aero top-level domains, has been aggressive in its marketing of the domain, with significant registrar incentives and outreach events. References External links .info Registry Agreement with ICANN","title":".info"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"14460786\",\n \"text\": \"This is a list of the oldest extant registered generic top-level domains used in the Domain Name System of the Internet. Until late February 1986, Domain Registration was limited to organizations with access to ARPA. Public registration was revealed on Usenet on February 24, 1986. .com .org .edu Registration within .edu is restricted to accredited educational institutions. Prior to October 2001, registration was available worldwide; it has since been limited to institutions based in the United States. .net .mil .gov .int .arpa References Oldest Internet domain names Oldest things Internet domain names\",\n \"title\": \"List of the oldest currently registered Internet domain names\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11357820\",\n \"text\": \"The Internet in the United States grew out of the ARPANET, a network sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense during the 1960s. The Internet in the United States in turn provided the foundation for the worldwide Internet of today. Internet connections in the United States are largely provided by the private sector and are available in a variety of forms, using a variety of technologies, at a wide range of speeds and costs. In 2000, a majority of U.S. households had at least one personal computer and internet access the following year. In September 2007, a majority of U.S. survey respondents reported having broadband internet at home. In 2019, the United States ranked 3rd in the world for the number of internet users (behind China and India), with 312.32 million users. As of 2019, 90% of adults in America use the internet, either irregularly or frequently. The United States ranks #1 in the world with 7,000 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) according to the CIA. Internet bandwidth per Internet user was the 43rd highest in the world in 2016. Internet top-level domain names specific to the U.S. include .us, .edu, .gov, .mil, .as (American Samoa), .gu (Guam), .mp (Northern Mariana Islands), .pr (Puerto Rico), and .vi (U.S. Virgin Islands). Many U.S.-based organizations and individuals also use generic top-level domains, such as .com, .net, and .org. Overview Access and speed Access to the Internet can be divided into dial-up and broadband access. Around the start of the 21st century, most residential access was by dial-up, while access from businesses was usually by higher speed connections. In subsequent years dial-up declined in favor of broadband access. Both types of access generally use a modem, which converts digital data to analog for transmission over a particular analog network (ex. the telephone or cable networks). Dial-up access is a connection to the Internet through a phone line, creating a semi-permanent link to the Internet. Operating on a single channel, it monopolizes the phone line and is the slowest method of accessing the Internet. Dial-up is often the only form of Internet access available in rural areas because it requires no infrastructure other than the already existing telephone network. Dial-up connections typically do not exceed a speed of 56 kbit/s, because they are primarily made via a 56k modem. Broadband access includes a wide range of speeds and technologies, all of which provide much faster access to the Internet than dial-up. The term \\\"broadband\\\" once had a technical meaning, but today it is more often used as a marketing buzzword to simply mean \\\"faster\\\". Broadband connections are continuous or \\\"always on\\\" connections, without the need to dial and hangup, and do not monopolize phone lines. Common types of broadband access include DSL (digital subscriber lines), which uses a telephone line, cable Internet access, satellite Internet access, and mobile or wireless broadband, via cell phones or a mobile broadband modem, through a cellular or wireless network, and from a cell\",\n \"title\": \"Internet in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"617973\",\n \"text\": \"Domain name speculation, popular as domain investing, domain flipping or domaining in professional jargon, is the practice of identifying and registering or acquiring generic Internet domain names as an investment with the intent of selling them later for a profit. The main targets of domain name speculation are generic words which can be valuable for type-in traffic and for the dominant position they would have in any field due to their descriptive nature. Hence generic words and phrases such as poker, insurance, travel, creditcards, loan and others are attractive targets of domain speculation in any top-level domain, the most popular of which is .com. The speculative characteristics of domain names may be linked to news reports or current events. However, the effective period during which such opportunities exist may be limited. Quick turnaround in the resale of domains is often called domain flipping. Domain flipping may also involve the process of buying a valuable domain name and building a related website around it, all this with the objective of selling the domain and newly built website to an interested party. Concept Sometimes, domain name speculation involves finding domain names early in a market, particularly when a new top-level domain is launched, registering them and waiting until the market grows to sell them. Domains such as voice.com, sex.com, and fund.com have sold for millions of US dollars. The COM top-level domain (or 'TLD') is the focus of most domain speculation activity as it is the largest TLD. Domain speculation occurs in other TLDs as well, such as NET and to a lesser extent in ORG, INFO, and BIZ. Of the Generic top-level domains, INFO is the most popular by registration volume compared to BIZ gTLD due to the low cost of initial registration and the recognizability of INFO as being an abbreviation of information. Domain name speculation also occurs in country code top-level domains (ccTLDs) such as .uk, .de and .us. The German TLD consists of over 12 million domains. The UK's domain has over 7.7 million domains registered according to Nominet's domain registration statistics webpage, mainly in its commercial sub-domain co.uk. These TLDs are mature markets where good domain names may command high prices. The EU ccTLD is an example of what happens when speculative activity overtakes \\\"ordinary\\\" domain registrations. A combination of an inept registry (EURid) and excessive speculation by businesses exploiting a poorly structured regulatory framework meant that, according to EURid's own statistics at the end of 2006, over 50% of the registrations could be considered at best speculative and at worst domain name warehousing. Specialist and repurposed ccTLDs have also seen elements of domain name speculation. One of the best examples is that of the .tv ccTLD which has found the fact that TV is an abbreviation for the word television to be rather lucrative. The .mobi TLD is a good example of a specialist TLD in that it is specifically targeted at mobile phones and similar mobile technology. The operators of .mobi, mTLD, have reserved some\",\n \"title\": \"Domain name speculation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5020664\",\n \"text\": \"An unsponsored top-level domain (uTLD) is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs) maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name System of the Internet. IANA currently distinguishes 3 groups of top-level domains: country-code top-level domains (ccTLD), generic top-level domains (gTLD) and infrastructure top-level domain. Unsponsored TLD is a specialized top-level domain that has no sponsor, in opposition of sTLD (sponsored), that has a sponsor representing a specific community served by the domain. Generally speaking, uTLD is a TLD without \\\"owner\\\", where ICANN has an important governance role. It is a reduced set of TLDs: old ones (.com, .org and .net) and new ones (.biz, .info and .name). References Top-level domains Domain Name System Identifiers Internet governance\",\n \"title\": \"Unsponsored top-level domain\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"39878\",\n \"text\": \"In the Internet, a domain name is a string that identifies a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control. Domain names are often used to identify services provided through the Internet, such as websites, email services and more. Domain names are used in various networking contexts and for application-specific naming and addressing purposes. In general, a domain name identifies a network domain or an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the Internet, or a server computer. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name. Domain names are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the DNS root domain, which is nameless. The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs), including the generic top-level domains (gTLDs), such as the prominent domains com, info, net, edu, and org, and the country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). Below these top-level domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second-level and third-level domain names that are typically open for reservation by end-users who wish to connect local area networks to the Internet, create other publicly accessible Internet resources or run websites. The registration of a second- or third-level domain name is usually administered by a domain name registrar who sell its services to the public. A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is a domain name that is completely specified with all labels in the hierarchy of the DNS, having no parts omitted. Traditionally a FQDN ends in a dot (.) to denote the top of the DNS tree. Labels in the Domain Name System are case-insensitive, and may therefore be written in any desired capitalization method, but most commonly domain names are written in lowercase in technical contexts. Purpose Domain names serve to identify Internet resources, such as computers, networks, and services, with a text-based label that is easier to memorize than the numerical addresses used in the Internet protocols. A domain name may represent entire collections of such resources or individual instances. Individual Internet host computers use domain names as host identifiers, also called hostnames. The term hostname is also used for the leaf labels in the domain name system, usually without further subordinate domain name space. Hostnames appear as a component in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for Internet resources such as websites (e.g., en.wikipedia.org). Domain names are also used as simple identification labels to indicate ownership or control of a resource. Such examples are the realm identifiers used in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), the Domain Keys used to verify DNS domains in e-mail systems, and in many other Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). An important function of domain names is to provide easily recognizable and memorizable names to numerically addressed Internet resources. This abstraction allows any resource to be moved to a different physical location in the address topology of the network, globally or locally in an intranet. Such a move usually requires changing the IP address of a\",\n \"title\": \"Domain name\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"66985566\",\n \"text\": \".guru is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) owned by Donuts. It was delegated on 6 November 2013. History .guru was one of the first seven gTLDs launched simultaneously by Donuts in late 2013. The sunrise period, during which pre-existing trademark holders may register URLs prior to general availability to prevent domain squatting, lasted from 26 November 2013 through to 24 January 2014. .guru did not undergo a landrush period in which a closed group of non-trademark holders are able to purchase domains for a premium price, and instead went straight to general availability release. The launch of .guru was part of a significant movement in the creation of top-level domains; prior to 2014, only 22 gTLDs were available for registration, while over a thousand were launched in February 2014 alone. .guru quickly became the pre-eminent new gTLD in signups, having 55,000 registrations by May of that year with 35,000 in the first three weeks of its opening alone. Until the release of .app, .guru had the most pre-orders of any new gTLD at GoDaddy. However, the market for new gTLDs performed below expectations, with fewer registrations and a smaller market share than originally predicted. While .guru's first-mover advantage gave it a respectable market share amongst other minor gTLDs, the overall picture was of a more niche product than anticipated. In 2015, a year after its launch, .guru was found to have the second highest number of its registrations lapsed or deleted after .tips. Despite the failure to meet original expectations, .guru nonetheless remains a popular niche for many individuals and small businesses, particularly in India. Usage , there are 60,360 registered .guru domains, making up 0.21% of all domains. GoDaddy has the majority of the .guru market share with 47.4%, while NameCheap runs a distant second at 11.3%. Approximately 56,000 of the registrations are to active websites, and an estimated $1.5-2 million dollars are paid in .guru registration fees per year. According to The Spamhaus Project, as of September 2023 3.9% of .guru domains engage in spamming, compared to 1.5% of .com, 2.1% of .net, 6.6% of .info, 2.7% of .biz, and 0.8% of .org domains. .guru's primary competitors are .expert, which is similarly focused on expertise, and .ninja, another \\\"edgy\\\" expert-focused gTLD. Notes References Generic top-level domains 2013 introductions\",\n \"title\": \".guru\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1114155\",\n \"text\": \"The Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) is a process established by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) for the resolution of disputes regarding the registration of internet domain names. The UDRP currently applies to all generic top level domains (.com, .net, .org, etc.), some country code top-level domains, and to all new generic top-level domains (.xyz, .online, .top, etc.). Historical background When ICANN was first set up, one of the core tasks assigned to it was \\\"The Trademark Dilemma\\\", the use of trade marks as domain names without the trademark owner's consent. By the late 1990s, such use was identified as problematic and likely to lead to consumers being misled. In the United Kingdom, the Court of Appeal described such domain names as \\\"an instrument of fraud\\\". One of the first steps was that Member States commissioned the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) to produce a report on the tension between trademarks and domain names. Published on 30 April 1999, the WIPO Report recommended the establishment of a \\\"mandatory administrative procedure concerning abusive registrations\\\", which would allow for a \\\"neutral venue in the context of disputes that are often international in nature.\\\" The procedure was not intended to deal with cases with competing rights, nor would it exclude the jurisdiction of the courts. It would, however, be mandatory in the sense that \\\"each domain name application would, in the domain name agreement, be required to submit to the procedure if a claim was initiated against it by a third party. The WIPO Report also set out the current three-stage test of the UDRP. At its meetings on August 25 and 26, 1999 in Santiago, Chile, the ICANN Board of Directors adopted the UDRP Policy, based on the recommendations contained in the Report of the WIPO Internet Domain Name Process, as well as comments submitted by registrars and other interested parties. On October 24, 1999, the ICANN Board adopted a set of Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the UDRP Rules) setting out the procedures and other requirements for each stage of the dispute resolution administrative procedure. The procedure is administered by dispute resolution service providers accredited by ICANN. Following adoption by ICANN, the UDRP was launched on 1 December 1999, and the first case determined under it by WIPO was World Wrestling Federation Entertainment, Inc v. Michael Bosman, involving the domain name worldwrestlingfederation.com. Since then WIPO provides a globally-used Jurisprudential Overview to summarize case law on a range of common and important substantive and procedural issues under the UDRP. Adoption The policy has been adopted by all ICANN-accredited registrars. It has also been adopted by certain managers of country-code top-level domains (e.g., .nu, .tv, .ws). The policy is then applicable due to the contract between the registrar (or other registration authority in the case of a country-code top-level domain) and its customer (the domain-name holder or registrant). When a registrant chooses a domain name, the registrant must \\\"represent and warrant\\\", among other things,\",\n \"title\": \"Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"394868\",\n \"text\": \".info is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. The name is derived from information, although registration requirements do not prescribe any particular purpose. The TLD info followed ICANN's highly publicized announcement, in late 2000, of a phased release of seven new generic top-level domains. The event was the first addition of major gTLDs since the Domain Name System was developed in the 1980s. The seven new gTLDs, selected from over 180 proposals, were meant in part to take the pressure off the domain. History Domain info has been operated by Afilias since its creation. In 2003, it was the first gTLD domain to support IETF standards-based internationalized domain names. In 2001, Afilias CTO (Ram Mohan) discovered problems with the Universal Acceptance of the domain due to it being the first tld whose length was greater than two or three characters. The launching of info involved a \\\"Sunrise Period\\\" for trademark owners, followed by a \\\"landrush\\\" open to all, the first time such a process had ever been conducted for a new gTLD. This process received criticism for giving trademarks precedence over words that are generic in other contexts; for instance, the Caterpillar construction equipment company was able to register before feline enthusiasts were. Although a large number of fraudulent registrations were initially made by registrants who did not actually own a valid trademark, a challenge procedure later weeded out most of these. Prior to launch, the names of countries were reserved from registration at the request of ICANN, to the consternation of those who had paid pre-registration fees to attempt to register these names in the landrush. ICANN's Governmental Advisory Committee, composed of country representatives from around the world applauded the move, the first by any major domain to protect the national interests of sovereign nations. Usage Domain info has been the most successful of the seven new domain names, with over 5.2 million domain names in the registry as of April 2008. After the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York switched to the easier to remember mta.info website to lead users to latest information on schedules and route changes on the area's transportation services. ICANN and Afilias have also sealed an agreement for country names to be reserved by ICANN under resolution 01.92. Info is an unrestricted domain, meaning that anyone can obtain a second-level domain for any purpose, similar to the domains com, net and org. This is in contrast to TLDs such as edu, or coop. Info is the only top-level domain that was explicitly created and chartered for unrestricted use, although various other TLDs resulted in this situation de facto. Info stands for information in about 37 languages, and is a neutral name. Afilias, the registry operator of both the info and aero top-level domains, has been aggressive in its marketing of the domain, with significant registrar incentives and outreach events. References External links .info Registry Agreement with ICANN\",\n \"title\": \".info\"\n }\n]"},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"605529","text":".ca is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Canada. The domain name registry that operates it is the Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA). Registrants can register domains at the second level (e.g., example.ca). Third-level registrations in one of the geographic third-level domains defined by the registry (e.g. example.ab.ca) were discontinued on October 12, 2010, but existing third-level domain names continue to be supported. Canadian Presence Requirements Registrants of .ca domains must meet the Canadian Presence Requirements as defined by the registry. Examples of valid entities include: a Canadian citizen or permanent resident of the age of majority a legally recognized Canadian organization an Inuit, First Nation, Métis or other people indigenous to Canada an Indian Band as defined in the Indian Act of Canada a foreign resident of Canada that holds a registered Canadian trademark an executor, administrator or other legal representative of a person or organization that meets the requirements a division of the government the monarch of Canada History The domain name was originally allocated by Jon Postel, operator of Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), to John Demco of the University of British Columbia (UBC) in 1987. The first .ca domain was registered by the University of Prince Edward Island in January 1988. In 1997, at the Canadian annual Internet conference in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the Canadian Internet community, with a view to liberalize registration procedures and substantially improve turnaround times, decided to undertake reform of the .ca Registry. The Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA) is a non-profit Canadian corporation that is responsible for operating the .ca Internet country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) today. It assumed operation of the .ca ccTLD on December 1, 2000, from UBC. On April 15, 2008, CIRA registered its one millionth .ca Internet domain name. Any .ca registration has to be ordered via a certified registrar. Third-level (provincial) and fourth-level (municipal) domains UBC's registry operations once favoured fourth-level names (such as .on.ca) for purely local entities or third-level names for entities operating solely within one province. Nationally incorporated companies could have a .ca domain, while provincially incorporated companies required the letters of their province, like .mb.ca. Only an entity with presence in two or more provinces was typically registered directly under .ca; this complex structure (and the long delays in getting .ca registration) caused many Canadian entities to favour the .com, .org and .net registrations, despite the then-higher cost. Currently, any of the above listed parties can register a domain with a name of their choosing followed directly by .ca. CIRA stopped accepting new registrations for third-level domains on October 12, 2010, citing complexity and the low number of new third domain registration as the reason for the change. As a result, the following domains at the third-level are no longer available for registration: The second-level domain name '.gc.ca' (Government of Canada) is commonly mistaken as one of the regional domains under which CIRA will allow Government of Canada registrations. gc.ca is actually a standard domain like all other .ca","title":".ca"},{"docid":"1088383","text":".co is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) assigned to Colombia. It is administered by .CO Internet S.A.S., a subsidiary of Neustar since 2014. , there were no registration restrictions on second-level .co domains; any individual or entity in the world can register a .co domain. .CO Internet S.A.S from Bogotá, Colombia, was appointed as the manager for the .co TLD through a public procurement process that took place in early 2009. .CO Internet received the re-delegation approval as the manager of the .co TLD by ICANN on December 9, 2009, and received formal confirmation of the request by the United States Department of Commerce on December 23, 2009. Google treats .co as a generic top-level domain (gTLD) because \"users and website owners frequently see [the domain] as being more generic than country-targeted.\" Second-level domain names When they took over administration of the .CO domain, .CO Internet S.A.S. implemented new domain policies that were more flexible than the historic ones that had been administered by the University of the Andes. The new policies were adjusted to international best practices and defined in consultation with local and international communities. With the new policies, Colombia would be able to sell second-level domain names to the world, such as widgets.co, where previously only third-level domain names were available, such as widgets.com.co. Notable single letter .CO domain names that have been allocated include: On September 15, 2010, .CO Internet S.A.S. had taken registrations for over 500,000 .CO domain names. , more than 1 million .CO domains had been registered by people in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. As of January 2014, that number has grown to over 1.6 million .CO domains registered. As of December 2018, there were 2.2 million. With respect to search engine optimization, Google confirmed that \"it will rank .co domains appropriately if the content is globally targeted\". Summary of policies since 2010 Any person or entity in the world can register .co domain names There are no domicile or burdensome documentation requirements Registration period is between 1 and 5 years, subject to renewal Registrants can easily transfer domain names .CO domains became available via the following timeline: April 1, 2010 – April 20, 2010: Sunrise A allowed registered local trademarks to apply for exact match domains. April 26, 2010 – June 10, 2010: Sunrise B allowed trademarks of national effect to apply for exact match domains. June 21, 2010 – July 13, 2010: Landrush allowed anyone to apply for domain names of high commercial value. July 20, 2010: .co domains became generally available. Third-level domain registrations The third-level domain registrations closely mirror the \"traditional\" IANA .com / .net / .org / .gov / .edu / .mil hierarchy, with the addition of a national equivalent of .name. Different from registrations directly under .co, which are used to signal globally relevant interests, third-level domains are used to signal locally relevant business, organizations, academic institutions, and government. – commercial – organizations – educational – government – network infrastructure – military –","title":".co"},{"docid":"5127900","text":"Microsoft XML Core Services (MSXML) are set of services that allow applications written in JScript, VBScript, and Microsoft development tools to build Windows-native XML-based applications. It supports XML 1.0, DOM, SAX, an XSLT 1.0 processor, XML schema support including XSD and XDR, as well as other XML-related technologies. Overview All MSXML products are similar in that they are exposed programmatically as OLE Automation (a subset of COM) components. Developers can program against MSXML components from C, C++ or from Active Scripting languages such as JScript and VBScript. Managed .NET Interop with MSXML COM components is not supported nor recommended. As with all COM components, an MSXML object is programmatically instantiated by CLSID or ProgID. Each version of MSXML exposes its own set of CLSID's and ProgIDs. For example, to create an MSXML 6.0 DOMDocument object, which exposes the IXmlDomDocument, IXmlDomDocument2, and IXmlDomDocument3 COM interfaces, the ProgID \"MSXML2.DOMDocument.6.0\" must be used. MSXML also supports version-independent ProgIDs. Version-independent ProgIDs do not have a version number associated with them. For example, \"Microsoft.XMLHTTP\". These ProgIDs were first introduced in MSXML 1.0, however are currently mapped to MSXML 3.0 objects and the msxml3.dll. Different versions of MSXML support slightly different sets of functionality. For example, while MSXML 3.0 supports only XDR schemas, it does not support XSD schemas. MSXML 4.0, MSXML 5.0, and MSXML 6.0 support XSD schemas. However, MSXML 6.0 does not support XDR schemas. Support for XML Digital Signatures is provided only by MSXML 5.0. For new XML-related software development, Microsoft recommends using MSXML 6.0 or its lightweight cousin, XmlLite, for native code-only projects. Versions MSXML is a collection of distinct products, released and supported by Microsoft. The product versions can be enumerated as follows: Current MSXML 6.0 MSXML6 is the latest MSXML product from Microsoft, and (along with MSXML3) is shipped with Microsoft SQL Server 2005, Visual Studio 2005, .NET Framework 3.0, as well as Windows XP Service Pack 3, Windows Vista and every subsequent versions of Windows up to Windows 11. It also has support for native 64-bit environments. It is an upgrade but not replacement for versions 3 and 4 as they still provide legacy features not supported in version 6. Version 6, 4, and 3 may all be installed and running concurrently. MSXML 6 is not supported on Windows 9x. Windows XP SP3 includes MSXML 6.0 SP2. MSXML 3.0 MSXML3 is a current MSXML product, represented by msxml3.dll. MSXML 3.0 SP2 first shipped with Windows XP, Internet Explorer 6.0 and MDAC 2.7. Windows XP SP2 includes MSXML 3.0 SP5 as part of MDAC 2.81. Windows 2000 SP4 also ships with MSXML 3.0. By default, Internet Explorer version 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 use MSXML 3 to parse XML documents loaded in a window. MSXML 3.0 SP7 is the last supported version for Windows 95. Windows XP SP3 includes MSXML 3.0 SP9. Windows Vista also includes MSXML 3.0 (SP10). Obsolete MSXML 5.0 MSXML5 was a binary developed specifically for Microsoft Office. It originally shipped with Office 2003 and also ships with","title":"MSXML"},{"docid":"34580797","text":"Visual Basic .NET was released by Microsoft in 2002 as a successor to the original Visual Basic computer programming language. It was implemented on the .NET Framework 1.0. The main new feature was managed code. Programmers familiar only with Visual Basic would probably have encountered difficulties working with the new version or adapting existing programs for it. Obvious major differences The new platform bore little resemblance to its predecessor. While programmers expected to be able to recompile their Visual Basic source to a .NET target, the reality of the situation was that Visual Basic .NET was a vastly different paradigm. Obvious syntax differences aside, Visual Basic .NET provides much the same functionality as C# (since they both compile down to MSIL, with the most obvious difference being the case insensitivity of Visual Basic .NET, maintaining the original case-insensitivity of Visual Basic), which is more of a problem for C# programmers trying to inter-operate with Visual Basic .NET developers than anything else. The basic syntax remains very similar: conditions, loops, procedures, sub-routines are declared and written in the same manner (see Visual Basic). Mobility from prior Visual Basic iterations to Visual Basic .NET really are parts of existing code: programmers with experience in both worlds are required to effectively target the new platform with older logic. The Visual Basic .NET developer will have to learn the use of the basic .NET types rather than what they have been used to in Visual Basic. A programmer who has only worked with Visual Basic may encounter a steep learning curve to migrate to Visual Basic .NET. A programmer who is versed in another language or who has had exposure to the .NET runtime should be able to cope. It would be better to think of Visual Basic .NET as a new language inspired by the classic Visual Basic rather than as a continuation of Visual Basic 6.0, with the added difficulty for migrating programmers that VB.NET interfaces with the .NET Framework whereas VB6 was based on the Component Object Model (COM). More detailed comparison There are some immediate changes that developers should take note of: More C-like syntax Visual Basic .NET allows for the +=, -=, *=, /=, \\=, ^=, and &= compound operators so that longer lines like: variable = variable + 1 can now be written as: variable += 1 However, increment and decrement operators are not supported. Short-circuited logic In prior iterations of Visual Basic, all statements in a condition would have been evaluated even if the outcome of the condition could be determined before evaluating a condition. For example: If foo() And bar() Then ' code here is executed if foo() and bar() both return True, however, if foo() returns False, bar() is still evaluated End If This was not only inefficient, but could lead to unexpected results for any person used to another language. In Visual Basic .NET, the new AndAlso and OrElse operators have been added to provide short-circuit evaluation like many other languages. Explicit pointer-like types","title":"Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET"},{"docid":"10641375","text":"The Pronunciation Lexicon Specification (PLS) is a W3C Recommendation, which is designed to enable interoperable specification of pronunciation information for both speech recognition and speech synthesis engines within voice browsing applications. The language is intended to be easy to use by developers while supporting the accurate specification of pronunciation information for international use. The language allows one or more pronunciations for a word or phrase to be specified using a standard pronunciation alphabet or if necessary using vendor specific alphabets. Pronunciations are grouped together into a PLS document which may be referenced from other markup languages, such as the Speech Recognition Grammar Specification SRGS and the Speech Synthesis Markup Language SSML. Usage Here is an example PLS document: judgment judgement ˈdʒʌdʒ.mənt fiancé fiance fiˈɒns.eɪ ˌfiː.ɑːnˈseɪ which could be used to improve TTS as shown in the following SSML 1.0 document: but also to improve ASR in the following SRGS 1.0 grammar: - Terminator 2: Judgment Day
- My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiance
- Pluto's Judgement Day
Common use cases Multiple pronunciations for the same orthography For ASR systems it is common to rely on multiple pronunciations of the same word or phrase in order to cope with variations of pronunciation within a language. In the Pronunciation Lexicon language, multiple pronunciations are represented by more than one (or ) element within the same element. In the following example the word \"Newton\" has two possible pronunciations. Newton ˈnjuːtən ˈnuːtən Multiple orthographies In some situations there are alternative textual representations for the same word or phrase. This can arise due to a number of reasons. See Section 4.5 of PLS for details. Because these are representations that have the same meaning (as opposed to homophones), it is recommended that they be represented using a single element that contains multiple graphemes. Here are two simple examples of multiple orthographies: alternative spelling of an English word and multiple writings of a Japanese word. colour color ˈkʌlər ... ... fiancé fiance fiˈɒns.eɪ ˌfiː.ɑːnˈseɪ which could be used to improve TTS as shown in the following SSML 1.0 document: but also to improve ASR in the following SRGS 1.0 grammar: - Terminator 2: Judgment Day
- My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiance
- Pluto's Judgement Day
Common use cases Multiple pronunciations for the same orthography For ASR systems it is common to rely on multiple pronunciations of the same word or phrase in order to cope with variations of pronunciation within a language. In the Pronunciation Lexicon language, multiple pronunciations are represented by more than one (or ) element within the same element. In the following example the word \\\"Newton\\\" has two possible pronunciations. Newton ˈnjuːtən ˈnuːtən Multiple orthographies In some situations there are alternative textual representations for the same word or phrase. This can arise due to a number of reasons. See Section 4.5 of PLS for details. Because these are representations that have the same meaning (as opposed to homophones), it is recommended that they be represented using a single element that contains multiple graphemes. Here are two simple examples of multiple orthographies: alternative spelling of an English word and multiple writings of a Japanese word. colour color ˈkʌlər ... ...
In the judgement of my fiancé, Las Vegas is the best place for a honeymoon. I replied that I preferred Venice and didn't think the Venetian casino was an acceptable compromise.
In the judgement of my fiancé, Las Vegas is the best place for a honeymoon. I replied that I preferred Venice and didn't think the Venetian casino was an acceptable compromise.