Context: increased u.s. territory in present-day arizona and new mexico

Context: This event is called the Gadsden Purchase

Question: what is this event?

Answer: Also known as "The Sale of La Mesilla" - United States acquired a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla - the region is also called Gadsden Purchase.

Explanation:
The Gadsden Purchase ( "The Sale of La Mesilla"), is a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854. The purchase included lands south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande where the U.S. wanted to build a transcontinental railroad along a deep southern route, which the Southern Pacific Railroad later completed in 1881–1883. The purchase also aimed to resolve other border issues.

The first draft was signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Anna, president of Mexico. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854, when the treaty took effect. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acq


Context: what is this event?

Context: Also known as "The Sale of La Mesilla" - United States acquired a region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla - the region is also called Gadsden Purchase.

Question: is it associated with any war?

Answer: Yes, during the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America formed the Confederate Territory of Arizona, including in the new territory mainly areas acquired by the Gadsden Purchase.

Explanation: In 1861, during the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America formed the Confederate Territory of Arizona, including in the new territory mainly areas acquired by the Gadsden Purchase.


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: Yes, during the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America formed the Confederate Territory of Arizona, including in the new territory mainly areas acquired by the Gadsden Purchase.

Question: when did this war take place?

Answer: From 1861 to 1865

Explanation: The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865,


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Question: what was the crisis happened due to this?

Answer: The Secession crisis - the election of Lincoln provoked the legislature of South Carolina to call a state convention to consider secession.

Explanation: The election of Lincoln provoked the legislature of South Carolina to call a state convention to consider secession.


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: what was the crisis happened due to this?

Context: The Secession crisis - the election of Lincoln provoked the legislature of South Carolina to call a state convention to consider secession.

Question: how is slavery related to it?

Answer: Slavery was a major cause of disunion - although there were opposing views even in the Union States, Confederates fought the war mainly to protect a Southern society of which slavery was an integral part.

Explanation: Slavery was a major cause of disunion. Although there were opposing views even in the Union States, most Northern soldiers were mostly indifferent on the subject of slavery, while Confederates fought the war mainly to protect a Southern society of which slavery was an integral part.


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: how is slavery related to it?

Context: Slavery was a major cause of disunion - although there were opposing views even in the Union States, Confederates fought the war mainly to protect a Southern society of which slavery was an integral part.

Question: was women a part of this?

Answer: Yes, the number women who served as soldiers during the war is estimated at between 400 and 750, although an accurate count is impossible because the women had to disguise themselves as men.

Explanation: The number of women who served as soldiers during the war is estimated at between 400 and 750, although an accurate count is impossible because the women had to disguise themselves as m


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: how is slavery related to it?

Context: was women a part of this?

Context: Yes, the number women who served as soldiers during the war is estimated at between 400 and 750, although an accurate count is impossible because the women had to disguise themselves as men.

Question: how did it impact the economy?

Answer: The Southern economy nearly collapsed during the war - caused by severe deterioration of food supplies, the failure of Southern railroads, the loss of control of the main rivers, foraging by Northern armies, and the seizure of animals and crops by Confederate armies.

Explanation: The Southern economy nearly collapsed during the war. There were multiple reasons for this: the severe deterioration of food supplies, especially in cities, the failure of Southern railroads, the loss of control of the main rivers, foraging by Northern armies, and the seizure of animals and crops by Confederate armies.


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: how is slavery related to it?

Context: was women a part of this?

Context: how did it impact the economy?

Context: The Southern economy nearly collapsed during the war - caused by severe deterioration of food supplies, the failure of Southern railroads, the loss of control of the main rivers, foraging by Northern armies, and the seizure of animals and crops by Confederate armies.

Question: where did some of its battles take place?

Answer: Battle of Fort Sumter took place in Fort Sumter - in the middle of the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.

Explanation: Fort Sumter is located in the middle of the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: how is slavery related to it?

Context: was women a part of this?

Context: how did it impact the economy?

Context: where did some of its battles take place?

Context: Battle of Fort Sumter took place in Fort Sumter - in the middle of the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.

Question: where is this last mentioned state located?

Answer: In the Southeastern United States and the easternmost of the Deep South.

Explanation: South Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern United States and the easternmost of the Deep South.


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: how is slavery related to it?

Context: was women a part of this?

Context: how did it impact the economy?

Context: where is this last mentioned state located?

Context: In the Southeastern United States and the easternmost of the Deep South.

Question: what happened here before colonization?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: how is slavery related to it?

Context: was women a part of this?

Context: how did it impact the economy?

Context: what happened here before colonization?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did any earthquake take place here?

Answer: Yes, the Charleston earthquake of 1886 was the largest quake ever to hit the eastern United States.

Explanation: The Charleston area, along the central coastline of the state, demonstrates the greatest frequency of earthquakes in South Carolina. South Carolina averages 10–15 earthquakes a year below magnitude3 (FEMA). The Charleston earthquake of 1886 was the largest quake ever to hit the eastern United States. The 7.0–7.3 magnitude earthquake killed 60 people and destroyed much of the city. Faults in this region are difficult to study at the surface due to thick sedimentation on top of them. Many of the ancient faults are within plates rather than along plate boundaries.


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: how is slavery related to it?

Context: was women a part of this?

Context: how did it impact the economy?

Context: what happened here before colonization?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any earthquake take place here?

Context: Yes, the Charleston earthquake of 1886 was the largest quake ever to hit the eastern United States.

Question: what is the main religion followed here?

Answer: Christianity

Explanation: According to the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA), in 2010, the largest religion is Christianity, of which the largest denominations were the Southern Baptist Convention with 913,763 adherents, the United Methodist Church with 274,111 adherents, and the Roman Catholic Church with 181,743 adherents.


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: how is slavery related to it?

Context: was women a part of this?

Context: how did it impact the economy?

Context: what happened here before colonization?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any earthquake take place here?

Context: what is the main religion followed here?

Context: Christianity

Question: what is this religion's belief system?

Answer: It is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.

Explanation: Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.


Context: what is this event?

Context: is it associated with any war?

Context: when did this war take place?

Context: From 1861 to 1865

Context: how is slavery related to it?

Context: was women a part of this?

Context: how did it impact the economy?

Context: what happened here before colonization?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did any earthquake take place here?

Context: Christianity

Context: what is this religion's belief system?

Context: It is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.

Question: who is he?

Answer: He was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader - most Christians believe he is the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah (the Christ) in the Old Testament.

Explanation: Jesus (), also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. Most Christians believe he is the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah (the Christ) in the Old Testament.


Question: who was the one that left one direction

Answer: Zayn Malik.

2015–2018: Malik's departure, "Made in the A.M." and hiatus

Explanation: On 25 March 2015, the band released a statement announcing Malik's departure.


Context:
who was the one that left one direction
Zayn Malik.

Question: name the members of the band?

Answer: Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, and Louis Tomlinson .

Explanation: In 2010, Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, and Louis Tomlinson auditioned as solo candidates for the seventh series of the British televised singing competition "The X Factor". They all failed to progress in the "Boys" category at the bootcamp stage of the competition, but were instead put together to form a five-piece boy band,


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, and Louis Tomlinson .

Question: where is harry from?

Answer: England.

Explanation: Harry Edward Styles was born on 1 February 1994 in Redditch, Worcestershire,


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Question: what is his style of music?

Answer: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Explanation: The record was heavily influenced by 1970s soft rock and was described by "Variety" as a "classic cocktail of psychedelia, Britpop, and balladry"


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Question: how is his public image?

Answer: He is described as "flamboyant", "fashion-forward" and "fun".

Explanation: His style has also been noted as "flamboyant", "fashion-forward" and "fun".


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: He is described as "flamboyant", "fashion-forward" and "fun".

Question: describe a few of his social activisms?

Answer: In 2013, Styles and fellow One Direction member Liam Payne became ambassadors for the cancer charity Trekstock, and raised more than $800,000 through the online fundraising platform Prizeo. In 2015, Styles sponsored water wells in India via Drop4Drop in support of Life Water's World Water Day campaign.

Explanation: In 2013, Styles and fellow One Direction member Liam Payne became ambassadors for the cancer charity Trekstock, and raised more than $800,000 through the online fundraising platform Prizeo. In 2015, Styles sponsored water wells in India via Drop4Drop in support of Life Water's World Water Day campaign.


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: In 2013, Styles and fellow One Direction member Liam Payne became ambassadors for the cancer charity Trekstock, and raised more than $800,000 through the online fundraising platform Prizeo. In 2015, Styles sponsored water wells in India via Drop4Drop in support of Life Water's World Water Day campaign.

Question: in  2010-211,did the band participate in any contest?

Answer: No,but they did participate in  the "X Factor" Live Tour in February 2011.

Explanation: February 2011, subsequently topping "The Sunday Times" Best Seller list. The same month, the boy band and other contestants from the series participated in the "X Factor" Live Tour.


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: in  2010-211,did the band participate in any contest?

Context: No,but they did participate in  the "X Factor" Live Tour in February 2011.

Question: what is the band's debuting album?

Answer: "Up All Night".

Explanation: That same month, they released "Up All Night", their debut studio album, in the UK and Ireland.


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Question: mention a few critical responses received by the album?

Answer: It was met with positivity both critically  and commercially, with critics praising their singing abilities and stage presence.

Explanation: The "Up All Night Tour", comprising 62 shows, was met with positivity both critically and commercially, with critics praising their singing abilities and stage presence


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Context: mention a few critical responses received by the album?

Context: It was met with positivity both critically  and commercially, with critics praising their singing abilities and stage presence.

Question: how well did it perform commercially?

Answer: It was commercially successful.

Explanation: The "Up All Night Tour", comprising 62 shows, was met with positivity both critically and commercially, with critics praising their singing abilities and stage presence, and with tickets selling out in minutes


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Context: how well did it perform commercially?

Context: It was commercially successful.

Question: what was its record label?

Answer: The Columbia Records.

Explanation: . In November 2011, they signed a record deal with Columbia Records in North America.


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Context: how well did it perform commercially?

Context: It was commercially successful.

Context: what was its record label?

Context: The Columbia Records.

Question: where is the record label based?

Answer: The U.S.

Explanation: Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony.


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Context: how well did it perform commercially?

Context: It was commercially successful.

Context: what was its record label?

Context: The Columbia Records.

Context: where is the record label based?

Context: The U.S.

Question: mention a few endorsements done by the band?

Answer: AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, Count Basie, Tony Bennett and others.

Explanation: Artists who have recorded for Columbia include AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, Count Basie, Tony Bennett, Leonard Bernstein, Beyoncé, Blue Öyster Cult, The Byrds, Mariah Carey, Johnny Cash, Rosemary Clooney, Leonard Cohen, Elvis Costello, Miles Davis, Doris Day, Neil Diamond, Celine Dion, Bob Dylan, Earth, Wind & Fire, Duke Ellington, Flatt and Scruggs, Billie Holiday, Vladimir Horowitz, Billy Joel, Robert Johnson, Al Jolson, Janis Joplin, Yo-Yo Ma, Johnny Mathis, George Michael, Thelonious Monk, Willie Nelson, the New York Philharmonic, Pink Floyd, Santana, Frank Sinatra, Simon & Garfunkel, Bessie Smith, Bruce Springsteen, Barbra Streisand, James Taylor, Andy Williams, Bill Withers, and numerous other major artists.


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Context: how well did it perform commercially?

Context: It was commercially successful.

Context: what was its record label?

Context: The Columbia Records.

Context: where is the record label based?

Context: The U.S.

Context: mention a few endorsements done by the band?

Context: AC/DC, Adele, Aerosmith, Louis Armstrong, Gene Autry, Count Basie, Tony Bennett and others.

Question: who is the second person?

Answer: An English singer-songwriter.

Explanation: Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (; born 5 May 1988), is an English singer-songwriter


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Context: how well did it perform commercially?

Context: It was commercially successful.

Context: what was its record label?

Context: The Columbia Records.

Context: where is the record label based?

Context: The U.S.

Context: who is the second person?

Context: An English singer-songwriter.

Question: is that person a female?

Answer: Yes.

Explanation: Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (; born 5 May 1988), is an English singer-songwriter. After graduating from the BRIT School in 2006, Adele signed a recording contract with XL Recordings. In 2007, she received the Brit Awards Critics' Choice Award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll.


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Context: how well did it perform commercially?

Context: It was commercially successful.

Context: what was its record label?

Context: The Columbia Records.

Context: where is the record label based?

Context: The U.S.

Context: who is the second person?

Context: An English singer-songwriter.

Context: is that person a female?

Context: Yes.

Question: describe her voice?

Answer: She is a mezzo-soprano, with a range spanning from B to C.

Explanation: Adele is a mezzo-soprano, with a range spanning from B to C.


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Context: how well did it perform commercially?

Context: It was commercially successful.

Context: what was its record label?

Context: The Columbia Records.

Context: where is the record label based?

Context: The U.S.

Context: who is the second person?

Context: An English singer-songwriter.

Context: is that person a female?

Context: Yes.

Context: describe her voice?

Context: She is a mezzo-soprano, with a range spanning from B to C.

Question: what is a mezzo-soprano?

Answer: A type of classical female singing voice whose vocal range lies between the soprano and the contralto voice types.

Explanation: A mezzo-soprano or mezzo (, ; meaning "half soprano") is a type of classical female singing voice whose vocal range lies between the soprano and the contralto voice types.


Context: who was the one that left one direction

Context: Zayn Malik.

Context: name the members of the band?

Context: where is harry from?

Context: England.

Context: what is his style of music?

Context: Some of his works feature soft rock.

Context: how is his public image?

Context: describe a few of his social activisms?

Context: what is the band's debuting album?

Context: "Up All Night".

Context: how well did it perform commercially?

Context: It was commercially successful.

Context: what was its record label?

Context: The Columbia Records.

Context: where is the record label based?

Context: The U.S.

Context: who is the second person?

Context: An English singer-songwriter.

Context: is that person a female?

Context: Yes.

Context: describe her voice?

Context: what is a mezzo-soprano?

Context: A type of classical female singing voice whose vocal range lies between the soprano and the contralto voice types.

Question: what are its roles in opera?

Answer: Mezzo-sopranos typically sing secondary roles in operas.

Explanation: While mezzo-sopranos typically sing secondary roles in operas,


Question: how big does a king charles cavalier get

Answer: Historically the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was a lap dog and is small for a spaniel, with fully grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds.

Explanation: Historically the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was a lap dog and is small for a spaniel, with fully grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds.


Context: how big does a king charles cavalier get

Context: Historically the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was a lap dog and is small for a spaniel, with fully grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds.

Question: did this species diverge from some other group?

Answer: Yes - spaniel

Explanation: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small breed of spaniel classed in the toy group of The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, that originated in the United Kingdom.


Context: did this species diverge from some other group?

Context: Yes - spaniel

Question: can you please describe this species?

Answer: A type of gun dog with a long silky coat and drooping ears, broad muzzle. The prevailing color is liver and white, sometimes red and white or black and white, and sometimes deep brown, or black on the face and breast, with a tan spot over each eye.

Explanation:
The "Oxford English Dictionary" defines Spaniel as "a breed of dog with a long silky coat and drooping ears".

Not much has changed about spaniels in general over the years, as can be seen in this 1921 entry in "Collier's New Encyclopedia":
Their distinguishing characteristics are a rather broad muzzle, remarkably long and full ears, hair plentiful and beautifully waved, particularly that of the ears, tail, and hinder parts of the thighs and legs. The prevailing color is liver and white, sometimes red and white or black and white, and sometimes deep brown, or black on the face and breast, with a tan spot over each eye. The English spaniel is a superior and very pure breed. The King Charles is a small variety of the spaniel used as a lapdog. The water spaniels, large and small, differ from the common spaniel only in the roughness of their coats, and in uniting the aquatic propensities of the Newfoundland dog with the fine hunting qualities of their own race. Spaniels possess a great sha


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: A type of gun dog with a long silky coat and drooping ears, broad muzzle. The prevailing color is liver and white, sometimes red and white or black and white, and sometimes deep brown, or black on the face and breast, with a tan spot over each eye.

Question: are they popular?

Answer: Yes - The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 19th most popular pure-breed in the United States.

Explanation: The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small breed of spaniel classed in the toy group of The Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club, that originated in the United Kingdom. Since 2000, it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 19th most popular pure-breed in the United States.


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: Yes - The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 19th most popular pure-breed in the United States.

Question: how is their behavior?

Answer: highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please.

Explanation: The breed is highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please.


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please.

Question: can you mention any common disease/ailments that they suffer from?

Answer: Mitral valve disease, syringomyelia, hip dysplasia

Explanation:
Cavaliers can notably be prone to mitral valve disease, which leads to heart failure. This appears in many Cavaliers at some point in their lives and is the most common cause of death. Some serious genetic health problems, including early-onset mitral valve disease (MVD), the potentially severely painful syringomyelia (SM), hip dysplasia, luxating patellas, and certain vision and hearing disorders are health problems for this breed. As today's Cavaliers all descend from only six dogs, any inheritable disease present in at least one of the original founding dogs can be passed on to a significant proportion of future generations. This is known as the founder effect and is the likely cause of the prevalence of MVD in the breed. The health problems shared with this breed include mitral valve disease, luxating patella, and hereditary eye issues such as cataracts and retinal dysplasia.
Cavaliers are also affected by ear problems, a common health problem among spaniels of various types, and t


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: can you mention any common disease/ailments that they suffer from?

Context: Mitral valve disease, syringomyelia, hip dysplasia

Question: what are the symptoms of the second?

Answer: mild discomfort to severe pain and partial paralysis.

Explanation: Syringomyelia (SM) is a condition affecting the brain and spine, causing symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain and partial paralysis.


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second?

Context: mild discomfort to severe pain and partial paralysis.

Question: is it only common to dogs or are other animals susceptible to this as well?

Answer: Humans as well

Explanation: Syringomyelia has a prevalence estimated at 8.4 cases per 100,000 people, with symptoms usually beginning in young adulthood. Signs of the disorder tend to develop slowly, although sudden onset may occur with coughing, straining, or myelopathy.


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second?

Context: is it only common to dogs or are other animals susceptible to this as well?

Context: Humans as well

Question: what causes it?

Answer: The first major form relates to an abnormality of the brain called an Arnold–Chiari malformation. This is the most common cause of syringomyelia.  Acquired Syringomyelia can be caused by a serious physical trauma to the body such as in a road traffic accident.

Explanation: Generally, there are two forms of syringomyelia: congenital and acquired. Syringomyelia is generally a chronic disorder that occurs over time, resulting in muscular atrophy. Acquired Syringomyelia can be caused by a serious physical trauma to the body such as in a road traffic accident. Syringomyelia can also be classified into communicating and noncommunicating forms. Communicating typically occurs due to lesions on the foramen magnum and noncommunicating occurring due to other spinal cord diseases.


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second?

Context: Humans as well

Context: what causes it?

Context: The first major form relates to an abnormality of the brain called an Arnold–Chiari malformation. This is the most common cause of syringomyelia.  Acquired Syringomyelia can be caused by a serious physical trauma to the body such as in a road traffic accident.

Question: how is it diagnosed?

Answer: Through Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Explanation: Physicians now use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose syringomyelia. The MRI radiographer takes images of body anatomy, such as the brain and spinal cord, in vivid detail. This test will show the syrinx in the spine or any other conditions, such as the presence of a tumor. MRI is safe, painless, and informative and has greatly improved the diagnosis of syringomyelia.


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second?

Context: Humans as well

Context: what causes it?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: Through Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question: has any research been conducted on it?

Answer: Yes - Scientists in the UK and US continue to explore the mechanisms that lead to the formation of syrinxes in the spinal cord. Duke University in America and Warwick University are conducting research to explore genetic features of syringomyelia.

Explanation:
The precise causes of syringomyelia are still unknown, although blockage of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid has been known to be an important factor since the 1970s. Scientists in the UK and US continue to explore the mechanisms that lead to the formation of syrinxes in the spinal cord. It has been demonstrated that a block of the free flow of cerebrospinal fluid is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Duke University in America and Warwick University are conducting research to explore genetic features of syringomyelia.

Surgical techniques are also being refined by the neurosurgical research community. Successful procedures expand the area around the cerebellum and spinal cord, improving the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and thereby reducing the syrinx.

It is also important to understand the role of birth defects in the development of hindbrain malformations that can lead to syringomyelia, as syringomyelia is a feature of intrauterine life and is also associated wi


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second?

Context: Humans as well

Context: what causes it?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: has any research been conducted on it?

Context: Yes - Scientists in the UK and US continue to explore the mechanisms that lead to the formation of syrinxes in the spinal cord. Duke University in America and Warwick University are conducting research to explore genetic features of syringomyelia.

Question: when was the former university established?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second?

Context: Humans as well

Context: what causes it?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: has any research been conducted on it?

Context: when was the former university established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what myth is associated with the dog breed that we were talking about earlier?

Answer: Charles II issued a special decree granting King Charles Spaniels permission to enter any establishment in the UK, overriding "no dog except guide dogs" rules. A variant of this myth relates specifically to the Houses of Parliament.

Explanation:
An urban legend claims that Charles II issued a special decree granting King Charles Spaniels permission to enter any establishment in the UK, overriding "no dog except guide dogs" rules. A variant of this myth relates specifically to the Houses of Parliament. This myth is sometimes instead applied to the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.

The UK Parliament website states: "Contrary to popular rumor, there is no Act of Parliament referring to King Charles spaniels being allowed anywhere in the Palace of Westminster. We are often asked this question and have thoroughly researched it." Similarly, there is no proof of any such law covering the wider UK. A spokesman for the Kennel Club said: "This law has been quoted from time to time. It is alleged in books that King Charles made this decree but our research hasn't tracked it down."


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second?

Context: Humans as well

Context: what causes it?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: has any research been conducted on it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what myth is associated with the dog breed that we were talking about earlier?

Context: Charles II issued a special decree granting King Charles Spaniels permission to enter any establishment in the UK, overriding "no dog except guide dogs" rules. A variant of this myth relates specifically to the Houses of Parliament.

Question: are these types of legends common for supernatural activities?

Answer: These stories usually involve someone encountering something superstitious or even supernatural, such as a cryptid—for instance, Bigfoot or Mothman, legendary creatures for which evidence is wanting but which have legions of believers.

Explanation: These stories usually involve someone encountering something superstitious or even supernatural, such as a cryptid—for instance, Bigfoot or Mothman, legendary creatures for which evidence is wanting but which have legions of believers.


Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: are they popular?

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: what are the symptoms of the second?

Context: Humans as well

Context: what causes it?

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: has any research been conducted on it?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: are these types of legends common for supernatural activities?

Context: These stories usually involve someone encountering something superstitious or even supernatural, such as a cryptid—for instance, Bigfoot or Mothman, legendary creatures for which evidence is wanting but which have legions of believers.

Question: how did they originate?

Answer: The term "urban legend", has appeared in print since at least 1968

Explanation: The term "urban legend", as used by folklorists, has appeared in print since at least 1968, when it was used by Richard Dorson. Jan Harold Brunvand, professor of English at the University of Utah, introduced the term to the general public in a series of popular books published beginning in 1981.


Context: how big does a king charles cavalier get

Context: Historically the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was a lap dog and is small for a spaniel, with fully grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds.

Context: did this species diverge from some other group?

Context: Yes - spaniel

Context: can you please describe this species?

Context: A type of gun dog with a long silky coat and drooping ears, broad muzzle. The prevailing color is liver and white, sometimes red and white or black and white, and sometimes deep brown, or black on the face and breast, with a tan spot over each eye.

Context: are they popular?

Context: Yes - The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 19th most popular pure-breed in the United States.

Context: how is their behavior?

Context: highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please.

Context: can you mention any common disease/ailments that they suffer from?

Context: Mitral valve disease, syringomyelia, hip dysplasia

Context: what are the symptoms of the second?

Context: mild discomfort to severe pain and partial paralysis.

Context: is it only common to dogs or are other animals susceptible to this as well?

Context: Humans as well

Context: what causes it?

Context: The first major form relates to an abnormality of the brain called an Arnold–Chiari malformation. This is the most common cause of syringomyelia.  Acquired Syringomyelia can be caused by a serious physical trauma to the body such as in a road traffic accident.

Context: how is it diagnosed?

Context: Through Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Context: has any research been conducted on it?

Context: Yes - Scientists in the UK and US continue to explore the mechanisms that lead to the formation of syrinxes in the spinal cord. Duke University in America and Warwick University are conducting research to explore genetic features of syringomyelia.

Context: when was the former university established?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what myth is associated with the dog breed that we were talking about earlier?

Context: Charles II issued a special decree granting King Charles Spaniels permission to enter any establishment in the UK, overriding "no dog except guide dogs" rules. A variant of this myth relates specifically to the Houses of Parliament.

Context: are these types of legends common for supernatural activities?

Context: These stories usually involve someone encountering something superstitious or even supernatural, such as a cryptid—for instance, Bigfoot or Mothman, legendary creatures for which evidence is wanting but which have legions of believers.

Context: how did they originate?

Context: The term "urban legend", has appeared in print since at least 1968

Question: how is it related to markets?

Answer: Companies have been accused of hiding "secret messages" behind their logo or packaging, as in the case of the old Procter & Gamble symbol, supposedly an occult figure that gave a panache to the brand.

Explanation: Companies have been accused of hiding "secret messages" behind their logo or packaging, as in the case of the old Procter & Gamble symbol, supposedly an occult figure that gave a panache to the brand. (If the thirteen stars in the symbol were connected a certain way, it would show three sixes in a row.) Similarly, a video of a Christian woman "exposing" Monster Energy for using the Hebrew alphabet symbol for the letter "M" to disguise the number 666 went viral on Facebook.


Question: what is apollo 8?

Answer: The first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first to reach the Moon, orbit it, and return

Explanation: Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first to reach the Moon, orbit it, and return. Its three-astronaut crew — Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders — were the first humans to fly to the Moon, to witness and photograph an Earthrise, and to escape the gravity of a celestial bod


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: The first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first to reach the Moon, orbit it, and return

Question: what is the mission insignia of it?

Answer: The triangular shape of the insignia refers to the shape of the Apollo CM, it shows a red figure8 looping around the Earth and Moon to reflect both the mission number and the circumlunar nature of the mission.

Explanation: The triangular shape of the insignia refers to the shape of the Apollo CM. It shows a red figure8 looping around the Earth and Moon to reflect both the mission number and the circumlunar nature of the mission.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: The triangular shape of the insignia refers to the shape of the Apollo CM, it shows a red figure8 looping around the Earth and Moon to reflect both the mission number and the circumlunar nature of the mission.

Question: can you mention some of the crew members who travelled?

Answer: Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders

Explanation: Its three-astronaut crew — Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders — were the first humans to fly to the Moon, to witness and photograph an Earthrise, and to escape the gravity of a celestial body.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: can you mention some of the crew members who travelled?

Context: Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders

Question: what was the first one's early profession?

Answer: United States Air Force colonel, aeronautical engineer, rancher,

Explanation: Frank Frederick Borman II (born March 14, 1928) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) colonel, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, businessman, rancher, and NASA astronaut


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: what was the first one's early profession?

Context: United States Air Force colonel, aeronautical engineer, rancher,

Question: being an engineer, has he been assigned in any project?

Answer: Yes, Borman as a co-pilot in Project Gemini flights.

Explanation: When the Chief of the Flight Crew Operations, Mercury Seven astronaut Deke Slayton, drew up a tentative schedule of Project Gemini flights, he assigned Mercury Seven astronaut Alan Shepard command of the first crewed flight, Gemini 3, with Next Nine astronaut Tom Stafford as his co-pilot. Mercury Seven astronaut Gus Grissom would command the backup crew, with Borman as his co-pilot.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: being an engineer, has he been assigned in any project?

Context: Yes, Borman as a co-pilot in Project Gemini flights.

Question: what is the main objective of the project mentioned?

Answer: Tto test the ability of the crew and spacecraft components to operate in space for that length of time.

Explanation: An Apollo mission to the Moon was expected to take at least a week, so one of the objectives of Project Gemini was to test the ability of the crew and spacecraft components to operate in space for that length of time.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: what is the main objective of the project mentioned?

Context: Tto test the ability of the crew and spacecraft components to operate in space for that length of time.

Question: when did the first orbital movement take place?

Answer: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Explanation: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968, and was the second crewed spaceflight mission flown in the United States Apollo space program after Apollo7, which stayed in Earth orbit.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: when did the first orbital movement take place?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Question: where was the destination?

Answer: Moon

Explanation: Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first to reach the Moon, orbit it, and return.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Question: which organization did the launching?

Answer: NASA

Explanation: Saturn V was an American super heavy-lift launch vehicle certified for human-rating used by NASA between 1967 and 1973.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Context: which organization did the launching?

Context: NASA

Question: can you tell me how the destination place mentioned above, got its name?

Answer: The noun "moon" is derived from Old English "mōna", which stems from Proto-Germanic "*mēnōn", which in turn comes from Proto-Indo-European "*mēnsis" "month" which may be related to the verb "measure"

Explanation: he noun "moon" is derived from Old English "mōna", which (like all its Germanic cognates) stems from Proto-Germanic "*mēnōn", which in turn comes from Proto-Indo-European "*mēnsis" "month" (from earlier "*mēnōt", genitive "*mēneses") which may be related to the verb "measure" (of time).


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Context: which organization did the launching?

Context: NASA

Context: can you tell me how the destination place mentioned above, got its name?

Context: The noun "moon" is derived from Old English "mōna", which stems from Proto-Germanic "*mēnōn", which in turn comes from Proto-Indo-European "*mēnsis" "month" which may be related to the verb "measure"

Question: what is the atmosphere here like?

Answer: The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10 atm; ; it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include outgassing and sputtering, a product of the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions.

Explanation: The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10 atm (0.3 nPa); it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include outgassing and sputtering, a product of the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Context: which organization did the launching?

Context: NASA

Context: what is the atmosphere here like?

Context: The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10 atm; ; it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include outgassing and sputtering, a product of the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions.

Question: is water present there?

Answer: Yes, the 2008 "Chandrayaan-1" spacecraft has since confirmed the existence of surface water ice, using the on-board Moon Mineralogy Mapper.

Explanation: The 2008 "Chandrayaan-1" spacecraft has since confirmed the existence of surface water ice, using the on-board Moon Mineralogy Mapper.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Context: which organization did the launching?

Context: NASA

Context: what is the atmosphere here like?

Context: is water present there?

Context: Yes, the 2008 "Chandrayaan-1" spacecraft has since confirmed the existence of surface water ice, using the on-board Moon Mineralogy Mapper.

Question: what kind of human impact it faced?

Answer: Beside the traces of human activity on the Moon, there have been some intended permanent installations like the "Moon Museum" art piece, Apollo 11 goodwill messages, Lunar plaque, "Fallen Astronaut" memorial and other artifacts.

Explanation: Beside the traces of human activity on the Moon, there have been some intended permanent installations like the "Moon Museum" art piece, Apollo 11 goodwill messages, Lunar plaque, "Fallen Astronaut" memorial and other artifacts.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Context: which organization did the launching?

Context: NASA

Context: what is the atmosphere here like?

Context: is water present there?

Context: what kind of human impact it faced?

Context: Beside the traces of human activity on the Moon, there have been some intended permanent installations like the "Moon Museum" art piece, Apollo 11 goodwill messages, Lunar plaque, "Fallen Astronaut" memorial and other artifacts.

Question: what is displayed in the museum specified above?

Answer: It contains artworks by six prominent artists from the late 1960s.

Explanation: Moon Museum is a small ceramic wafer in size, containing artworks by six prominent artists from the late 1960s.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Context: which organization did the launching?

Context: NASA

Context: what is the atmosphere here like?

Context: is water present there?

Context: what kind of human impact it faced?

Context: what is displayed in the museum specified above?

Context: It contains artworks by six prominent artists from the late 1960s.

Question: and whose memorial is built there?

Answer: To commemorate the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the advancement of space exploration.

Explanation: It is a small stylized figure, meant to depict an astronaut in a spacesuit, intended to commemorate the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the advancement of space exploration.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: The first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first to reach the Moon, orbit it, and return

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: The triangular shape of the insignia refers to the shape of the Apollo CM, it shows a red figure8 looping around the Earth and Moon to reflect both the mission number and the circumlunar nature of the mission.

Context: can you mention some of the crew members who travelled?

Context: Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders

Context: what was the first one's early profession?

Context: United States Air Force colonel, aeronautical engineer, rancher,

Context: being an engineer, has he been assigned in any project?

Context: Yes, Borman as a co-pilot in Project Gemini flights.

Context: what is the main objective of the project mentioned?

Context: Tto test the ability of the crew and spacecraft components to operate in space for that length of time.

Context: when did the first orbital movement take place?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Context: which organization did the launching?

Context: NASA

Context: can you tell me how the destination place mentioned above, got its name?

Context: The noun "moon" is derived from Old English "mōna", which stems from Proto-Germanic "*mēnōn", which in turn comes from Proto-Indo-European "*mēnsis" "month" which may be related to the verb "measure"

Context: what is the atmosphere here like?

Context: The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10 atm; ; it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include outgassing and sputtering, a product of the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions.

Context: is water present there?

Context: Yes, the 2008 "Chandrayaan-1" spacecraft has since confirmed the existence of surface water ice, using the on-board Moon Mineralogy Mapper.

Context: what kind of human impact it faced?

Context: Beside the traces of human activity on the Moon, there have been some intended permanent installations like the "Moon Museum" art piece, Apollo 11 goodwill messages, Lunar plaque, "Fallen Astronaut" memorial and other artifacts.

Context: what is displayed in the museum specified above?

Context: It contains artworks by six prominent artists from the late 1960s.

Context: and whose memorial is built there?

Context: To commemorate the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the advancement of space exploration.

Question: can you name a few?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: The first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first to reach the Moon, orbit it, and return

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: The triangular shape of the insignia refers to the shape of the Apollo CM, it shows a red figure8 looping around the Earth and Moon to reflect both the mission number and the circumlunar nature of the mission.

Context: can you mention some of the crew members who travelled?

Context: Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders

Context: what was the first one's early profession?

Context: United States Air Force colonel, aeronautical engineer, rancher,

Context: being an engineer, has he been assigned in any project?

Context: Yes, Borman as a co-pilot in Project Gemini flights.

Context: what is the main objective of the project mentioned?

Context: Tto test the ability of the crew and spacecraft components to operate in space for that length of time.

Context: when did the first orbital movement take place?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Context: which organization did the launching?

Context: NASA

Context: can you tell me how the destination place mentioned above, got its name?

Context: The noun "moon" is derived from Old English "mōna", which stems from Proto-Germanic "*mēnōn", which in turn comes from Proto-Indo-European "*mēnsis" "month" which may be related to the verb "measure"

Context: what is the atmosphere here like?

Context: The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10 atm; ; it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include outgassing and sputtering, a product of the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions.

Context: is water present there?

Context: Yes, the 2008 "Chandrayaan-1" spacecraft has since confirmed the existence of surface water ice, using the on-board Moon Mineralogy Mapper.

Context: what kind of human impact it faced?

Context: Beside the traces of human activity on the Moon, there have been some intended permanent installations like the "Moon Museum" art piece, Apollo 11 goodwill messages, Lunar plaque, "Fallen Astronaut" memorial and other artifacts.

Context: what is displayed in the museum specified above?

Context: It contains artworks by six prominent artists from the late 1960s.

Context: and whose memorial is built there?

Context: To commemorate the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the advancement of space exploration.

Context: can you name a few?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: were there any controversy regarding the memorial?

Answer: Yes, Van Hoeydonck planned to make and sell statuette's replicas.

Explanation: In May 1972, Scott learned that Van Hoeydonck planned to make and sell more replicas.


Context: what is apollo 8?

Context: The first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first to reach the Moon, orbit it, and return

Context: what is the mission insignia of it?

Context: The triangular shape of the insignia refers to the shape of the Apollo CM, it shows a red figure8 looping around the Earth and Moon to reflect both the mission number and the circumlunar nature of the mission.

Context: can you mention some of the crew members who travelled?

Context: Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders

Context: what was the first one's early profession?

Context: United States Air Force colonel, aeronautical engineer, rancher,

Context: being an engineer, has he been assigned in any project?

Context: Yes, Borman as a co-pilot in Project Gemini flights.

Context: what is the main objective of the project mentioned?

Context: Tto test the ability of the crew and spacecraft components to operate in space for that length of time.

Context: when did the first orbital movement take place?

Context: Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968

Context: where was the destination?

Context: Moon

Context: which organization did the launching?

Context: NASA

Context: can you tell me how the destination place mentioned above, got its name?

Context: The noun "moon" is derived from Old English "mōna", which stems from Proto-Germanic "*mēnōn", which in turn comes from Proto-Indo-European "*mēnsis" "month" which may be related to the verb "measure"

Context: what is the atmosphere here like?

Context: The surface pressure of this small mass is around 3 × 10 atm; ; it varies with the lunar day. Its sources include outgassing and sputtering, a product of the bombardment of lunar soil by solar wind ions.

Context: is water present there?

Context: Yes, the 2008 "Chandrayaan-1" spacecraft has since confirmed the existence of surface water ice, using the on-board Moon Mineralogy Mapper.

Context: what kind of human impact it faced?

Context: Beside the traces of human activity on the Moon, there have been some intended permanent installations like the "Moon Museum" art piece, Apollo 11 goodwill messages, Lunar plaque, "Fallen Astronaut" memorial and other artifacts.

Context: what is displayed in the museum specified above?

Context: It contains artworks by six prominent artists from the late 1960s.

Context: and whose memorial is built there?

Context: To commemorate the astronauts and cosmonauts who have died in the advancement of space exploration.

Context: can you name a few?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: were there any controversy regarding the memorial?

Context: Yes, Van Hoeydonck planned to make and sell statuette's replicas.

Question: who is the person mentioned above?

Answer: Painter and printmaker

Explanation: Prior to his Apollo 15 lunar mission, astronaut David Scott met Belgian painter and printmaker Paul Van Hoeydonck at a dinner party. It was there agreed that Van Hoeydonck would create a small statuette for Scott to place on the Moon, though their recollections of the details differ


Question: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Answer: He was a physician and professor of physiology and pharmacology

Explanation: Barend Joseph Stokvis (; 16 August 1834 – 29 September 1902) was a physician and professor of physiology and pharmacology at the University of Amsterdam


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: He was a physician and professor of physiology and pharmacology

Question: when was he born?

Answer: 16 August 1834

Explanation: Barend Joseph Stokvis (; 16 August 1834 – 29 September 1902) was a physician and professor of physiology and pharmacology at the University of Amsterdam.


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Question: where did he study?

Answer: University of Utrecht

Explanation: He studied medicine in Amsterdam and at the University of Utrecht under Franciscus Donders and Jacobus Schroeder van der Kolk, obtaining a doctorate on a dissertation on hepatic glucose production in diabetes in 1856


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Question: so was he a doctor?

Answer: Yes

Explanation: . As a researcher in chemical pathology he made contributions to the understanding of a number of diseases, such as diabetes. He was also considered an expert in tropical medicine and a celebrated medical educator.


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Context: so was he a doctor?

Context: Yes

Question: what degrees did he have?

Answer: He obtained a doctorate on a dissertation on hepatic glucose production in diabetes

Explanation: He studied medicine in Amsterdam and at the University of Utrecht under Franciscus Donders and Jacobus Schroeder van der Kolk, obtaining a doctorate on a dissertation on hepatic glucose production in diabetes in 185


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Context: so was he a doctor?

Context: Yes

Context: what degrees did he have?

Context: He obtained a doctorate on a dissertation on hepatic glucose production in diabetes

Question: has he written any books?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Context: so was he a doctor?

Context: Yes

Context: what degrees did he have?

Context: has he written any books?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: did he have any notable achievements?

Answer: He was one of a number of prominent 19th century Jewish physicians in the Netherlands.

Explanation: Stokvis was one of a number of prominent 19th century Jewish physicians in the Netherlands.


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Context: so was he a doctor?

Context: Yes

Context: what degrees did he have?

Context: has he written any books?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he have any notable achievements?

Context: He was one of a number of prominent 19th century Jewish physicians in the Netherlands.

Question: apart from working in the field of science what else did he take part in?

Answer: He was also a patron of the arts.

Explanation: In addition to his medical work, Stokvis also succeeded his father as president of the charitable Jewish Poor Board (Nederlandsch Israëlitisch Armbestuur), was a member-founder of the Dutch Jewish Institute for the Insane, and a board member of the Jewish Institute for the Aged and the Amsterdam Jewish Hospital ("Centraal Israëlitische Ziekenverpleging"). He was also a patron of the arts.


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Context: so was he a doctor?

Context: Yes

Context: what degrees did he have?

Context: has he written any books?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he have any notable achievements?

Context: apart from working in the field of science what else did he take part in?

Context: He was also a patron of the arts.

Question: can you please name any artist or artwork that he has patronized?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Context: so was he a doctor?

Context: Yes

Context: what degrees did he have?

Context: has he written any books?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he have any notable achievements?

Context: He was also a patron of the arts.

Context: can you please name any artist or artwork that he has patronized?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: who were his parents?

Answer: Rachel Wittering and Joseph Barend Stokvis, Jr.

Explanation: Stokvis was born to Rachel Wittering and Joseph Barend Stokvis, Jr., a Jewish physician and obstetrician in Amsterdam.


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Context: so was he a doctor?

Context: Yes

Context: what degrees did he have?

Context: has he written any books?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he have any notable achievements?

Context: He was also a patron of the arts.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were his parents?

Context: Rachel Wittering and Joseph Barend Stokvis, Jr.

Question: did he have any kids?

Answer: He had two children.

Explanation: They had two children.


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Context: so was he a doctor?

Context: Yes

Context: what degrees did he have?

Context: has he written any books?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he have any notable achievements?

Context: He was also a patron of the arts.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were his parents?

Context: did he have any kids?

Context: He had two children.

Question: the country that you had mentioned above, was it the same country that he was born in?

Answer: Yes


Context: who was barend joseph stokvis?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 16 August 1834

Context: where did he study?

Context: University of Utrecht

Context: so was he a doctor?

Context: Yes

Context: what degrees did he have?

Context: has he written any books?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: did he have any notable achievements?

Context: He was also a patron of the arts.

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: who were his parents?

Context: did he have any kids?

Context: He had two children.

Context: the country that you had mentioned above, was it the same country that he was born in?

Context: Yes

Question: and did he die in this country as well?

Answer: Yes

Explanation: He died in Amsterdam shortly after returning from a holiday in Ireland, from what was thought to be myocarditis.


Question: what is united kingdom's corporation tax all about?

Answer: A corporate tax levied in on the profits made by UK-resident companies.

Explanation: Corporation tax in the United Kingdom is a corporate tax levied in on the profits made by UK-resident companies and on the profits of entities registered overseas with permanent establishments in the UK.


Context: what is united kingdom's corporation tax all about?

Context: A corporate tax levied in on the profits made by UK-resident companies.

Question: which department is responsible for implementation of these taxes?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: which department is responsible for implementation of these taxes?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which year was this type of tax introduced?

Answer: 1965

Explanation: Finance Act 1965 replaced the system of income tax and profits tax from 1 April 1965 with the Corporation Tax


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which year was this type of tax introduced?

Question: at what rate was this type of tax charged in that year?

Answer: 40%

Explanation: On its introduction in 1965, corporation tax was charged at 40%, rising to 45% in the 1969 Budget


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: at what rate was this type of tax charged in that year?

Question: what was the rate charged in the year 1969?

Answer: 45%

Explanation: On its introduction in 1965, corporation tax was charged at 40%, rising to 45% in the 1969 Budget.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was the rate charged in the year 1969?

Question: what date is marks the beginning of the financial year?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what date is marks the beginning of the financial year?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: what date marks the end of the financial year?

Answer: 31 March 2018.

Explanation: The rate of corporation tax is determined by the financial year, which runs from 1 April to the following 31 March. Financial year FY17 started on 1 April 2017 and ends on 31 March 2018.


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what date marks the end of the financial year?

Context: 31 March 2018.

Question: who administers and collects these taxes?

Answer: Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs.

Explanation: Corporation tax is administered by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC).


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: 31 March 2018.

Context: who administers and collects these taxes?

Context: Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs.

Question: which countries come under that kingdom?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: 31 March 2018.

Context: Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs.

Context: which countries come under that kingdom?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: can you mention a few of such type of tax reforms?

Answer: In December 2004, "Corporation tax reform – a technical note" was published and in August 2002, "Reform of corporation tax – A consultation document" was published.

Explanation: In August 2002, "Reform of corporation tax – A consultation document" was published, outlining initial proposals for the abolition of the Schedular system. This was followed up in August 2003 by "Corporation tax reform – A consultation document",


Question: where is oregon caves national monument and preserve located?

Answer: A protected area in the northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States.

Explanation: Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve is a protected area in the northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States.


Context: where is oregon caves national monument and preserve located?

Context: A protected area in the northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States.

Question: which all animals can we see here?

Answer: Black bear, cougar, northern flying squirrel, and Pacific giant salamander

Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve

Explanation: Less commonly sighted are the black bear, cougar, northern flying squirrel, and Pacific giant salamander. Springs and other wet places support flatworms, frogs, and snails.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: Black bear, cougar, northern flying squirrel, and Pacific giant salamander

Question: what sort of place does the third one select to live in?

Answer: Coniferous and mixed coniferous forests across the top of North America, from Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee and west to Utah, Washington and Oregon.

Explanation: The northern flying squirrel is found in coniferous and mixed coniferous forests across the top of North America, from Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee and west to Utah, Washington and Oregon.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what sort of place does the third one select to live in?

Context: Coniferous and mixed coniferous forests across the top of North America, from Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee and west to Utah, Washington and Oregon.

Question: what do they feed on?

Answer: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Explanation: A major food source for the squirrels are fungi of various species, although they also eat lichens, mushrooms, all mast-crop nuts, tree sap, insects, carrion, bird eggs and nestlings, buds and flowers.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Question: who predates them?

Answer: The spotted owl, the great horned owl, the Canadian lynx

Explanation: Northern flying squirrels, along with pine squirrels, are an important prey species for the spotted owl ("Strix occidentalis") and eastern screech owl ("Megascops asio"). Other predators include various other large birds, especially the great horned owl and hawks, as well as mammals including the American marten, the Canadian lynx, the red fox, and the domestic cat.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: The spotted owl, the great horned owl, the Canadian lynx

Question: how big is the first one?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how long do they live?

Answer: 16 or 17 years

Explanation: Spotted owls are long-lived, and maximum ages of 16 or 17 years have been documented in the northern subspecies.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how long do they live?

Context: 16 or 17 years

Question: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Answer: Yes, IUCN Red List status for the spotted owl is near threatened with a decreasing population trend.

Explanation: IUCN Red List status for the spotted owl is near threatened with a decreasing population trend.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how long do they live?

Context: 16 or 17 years

Context: is there any need for it to be conserved?

Context: Yes, IUCN Red List status for the spotted owl is near threatened with a decreasing population trend.

Question: what are the measures taken?

Answer: A provision of the Endangered Species Act, has been invoked to decide whether or not to open up more federal forest for commercial logging.

Explanation: The northern spotted owl was one of a few cases where the "God committee", a provision of the Endangered Species Act, has been invoked to decide whether or not to open up more federal forest for commercial logging.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how long do they live?

Context: 16 or 17 years

Context: what are the measures taken?

Context: A provision of the Endangered Species Act, has been invoked to decide whether or not to open up more federal forest for commercial logging.

Question: which country do they belong to?

Answer: Western North America

Explanation: It is a resident species of old-growth forests in western North America, where it nests in tree hollows, old bird of prey nests, or rock crevices. Nests can be between high and usually contain two eggs (though some contain as many as four).


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how long do they live?

Context: 16 or 17 years

Context: what are the measures taken?

Context: which country do they belong to?

Context: Western North America

Question: what kind of sports do they entertain there?

Answer: Football

Explanation: Canada, Mexico and the US submitted a joint bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup.


Context: which all animals can we see here?

Context: what do they feed on?

Context: Tree sap, insects, carrion

Context: who predates them?

Context: how big is the first one?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: how long do they live?

Context: 16 or 17 years

Context: what are the measures taken?

Context: which country do they belong to?

Context: Western North America

Context: what kind of sports do they entertain there?

Context: Football

Question: has it hosted any major tournaments?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Question: what parts of south america are part of antarctica

Answer: South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica".

Explanation: Even in the late 17th century, after explorers had found that South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica", geographers believed that the continent was much larger than its actual size.


Context: what parts of south america are part of antarctica

Context: South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica".

Question: when was it explored the first time?

Answer: 17 January 1773.

Explanation: European maps continued to show this hypothetical land until Captain James Cook's ships, and , crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773, in December 1773 and again in January 1774. Cook came within about of the Antarctic coast before retreating in the face of field ice in January 1773.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Question: when did it break from gondwana?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: is there any human population there?

Answer: Yes, 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer.

Explanation: Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 inhabitants per million square kilometres (180 and 900 per million square miles) at these times.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: Yes, 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer.

Question: which major research organizations are located there?

Answer: McMurdo Station

Explanation: McMurdo Station, which is the largest research station in Antarctica, is capable of housing more than 1,000 scientists, visitors, and tourists.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: which major research organizations are located there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Question: which country established it?

Answer: United States

Explanation: The McMurdo Station is a United States Antarctic research station on the south tip of Ross Island,


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Context: which country established it?

Context: United States

Question: what are its functions?

Answer: It provides support for operations, logistics, information technology, construction, and maintenance.

Explanation: The work done at McMurdo Station primarily focuses on science, but most of the residents (approximately 1,000 in the summer and around 250 in the winter) are not scientists, but station personnel who provide support for operations, logistics, information technology, construction, and maintenance.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Context: which country established it?

Context: United States

Context: what are its functions?

Context: It provides support for operations, logistics, information technology, construction, and maintenance.

Question: is it involved in any climate study?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Context: which country established it?

Context: United States

Context: what are its functions?

Context: is it involved in any climate study?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which animals are found on the continent?

Answer: Penguins, blue whales and orcas.

Explanation: Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals.


Context: when was it explored the first time?

Context: 17 January 1773.

Context: when did it break from gondwana?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: is there any human population there?

Context: McMurdo Station

Context: which country established it?

Context: United States

Context: what are its functions?

Context: is it involved in any climate study?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which animals are found on the continent?

Context: Penguins, blue whales and orcas.

Question: are the first animals also found ono any other continent?

Answer: Yes, Australia.

Explanation: Major populations of penguins are found in Angola, Antarctica, Argentina, Australia, Chile, Namibia, New Zealand, and South Africa.


Question: which places do u.s. route 80 in arizona connect?

Answer: From the California border in Yuma to the New Mexico state line near Lordsburg.

Explanation: At its peak, US 80 traveled from the California border in Yuma to the New Mexico state line near Lordsburg.


Context: which places do u.s. route 80 in arizona connect?

Context: From the California border in Yuma to the New Mexico state line near Lordsburg.

Question: when was it started?

Answer: November 11, 1926

Explanation: U.S. Route 80 (US 80) also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, the Broadway of America and the Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway was a major transcontinental highway that existed in the U.S. state of Arizona from November 11, 1926, to October 6, 1989.


Context: when was it started?

Context: November 11, 1926

Question: was any tunnel constructed here?

Answer: Yes, the construction of the Mule Pass Tunnel

Explanation: By far the largest combined roadway improvement project on US 80 in the 1950s was the construction of the Mule Pass Tunnel and adjoining bypass of downtown


Context: when was it started?

Context: November 11, 1926

Context: was any tunnel constructed here?

Context: Yes, the construction of the Mule Pass Tunnel

Question: can you give a very brief description of this route?

Answer: Within the state of Arizona, US 80 made two indirect loops to both Phoenix and Douglas, and the odd shape created by the two "loops" gave US 80 a long length through the state of Arizona.

Explanation: Within the state of Arizona, US 80 made two indirect loops to both Phoenix and Douglas. Both loops were often bypassed by travelers, using the more direct routes of SR 84 and SR 86 respectively to decrease travel time between California and New Mexico. The odd shape created by the two "loops" gave US 80 a long length through the state of Arizona, which was around in total. In 1935, US 80 was long. By 1951, the total length had reduced to about , shrinking further to in 1956 with the bypass of Arlington and the Gillespie Dam. The following route description roughly describes the path of US 80 as it would have been in 1951.


Context: when was it started?

Context: November 11, 1926

Context: was any tunnel constructed here?

Context: can you give a very brief description of this route?

Context: Within the state of Arizona, US 80 made two indirect loops to both Phoenix and Douglas, and the odd shape created by the two "loops" gave US 80 a long length through the state of Arizona.

Question: why was the tunnel constructed, any idea?

Answer: The older route of US 80 over Mule Pass provided a dangerous obstacle for vehicles heading into Bisbee.

Explanation: the older route of US 80 over Mule Pass (also known as the Old Divide) provided a dangerous obstacle for vehicles heading into Bisbee. It was a common occurrence for large trucks to lose their brakes on the steep grades, resulting injury and in worst cases, death. Furthermore, winter snowfall and ice made crossing the Old Divide sometimes impossible. Plans had been in place since the 1930s to replace the treacherous route with a tunnel. By the 1950s however, US 80 still utilized the Old Divide routing with no tunnel having been constructed.


Context: when was it started?

Context: November 11, 1926

Context: was any tunnel constructed here?

Context: why was the tunnel constructed, any idea?

Context: The older route of US 80 over Mule Pass provided a dangerous obstacle for vehicles heading into Bisbee.

Question: which places serve as the tourist attractions here?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: when was it started?

Context: November 11, 1926

Context: was any tunnel constructed here?

Context: which places serve as the tourist attractions here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: the above state that you mentioned, is it prone to earthquakes?

Answer: Yes, but  Arizona is at low risk of earthquakes, except for the southwestern portion which is at moderate risk due to its proximity to southern California.

Explanation: Generally, Arizona is at low risk of earthquakes, except for the southwestern portion which is at moderate risk due to its proximity to southern California.


Context: when was it started?

Context: November 11, 1926

Context: was any tunnel constructed here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: the above state that you mentioned, is it prone to earthquakes?

Context: Yes, but  Arizona is at low risk of earthquakes, except for the southwestern portion which is at moderate risk due to its proximity to southern California.

Question: name some cities?

Answer: Phoenix, Glendale, Peoria

Explanation: Phoenix, in Maricopa County, is Arizona's capital and largest city. Other prominent cities in the Phoenix metro area include Mesa (Arizona's third largest city), Chandler (Arizona's fourth largest city), Glendale, Peoria, Buckeye, Sun City, Sun City West, Fountain Hills, Surprise, Gilbert, El Mirage, Avondale, Tempe, Tolleson and Scottsdale, with a total metropolitan population of just over 4.7 million.


Context: when was it started?

Context: November 11, 1926

Context: was any tunnel constructed here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some cities?

Context: Phoenix, Glendale, Peoria

Question: which ethnic race resides here?

Answer: Hispanic, Native American, and non-Hispanic white

Explanation: In 1980, the Census Bureau reported Arizona's population as 16.2% Hispanic, 5.6% Native American, and 74.5% non-Hispanic white. In 2010, the racial makeup of the state was:


Context: when was it started?

Context: November 11, 1926

Context: was any tunnel constructed here?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: name some cities?

Context: Phoenix, Glendale, Peoria

Context: which ethnic race resides here?

Context: Hispanic, Native American, and non-Hispanic white

Question: what are the major languages spoken here?

Answer: English, Spanish, Navajo

Explanation: 72.9% (4,215,749) of Arizona residents age five and older spoke only English at home, while 20.8% (1,202,638) spoke Spanish, 1.5% (85,602) Navajo, 0.4% (22,592) German, 0.4% (22,426) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), 0.3% (19,015) Tagalog, 0.3% (17,603) Vietnamese, 0.3% (15,707) Other North American Indigenous Languages (especially indigenous languages of Arizona), and French was spoken as a main language by 0.3% (15,062) of the population over the age of five. In total, 27.1% (1,567,548) of Arizona's population age five and older spoke a mother language other than English.


Question: what were the terms of the treaty of fort laramie why did it fall

Answer: One of the terms was that  it established the Great Sioux Reservation including ownership of the Black Hills, and set aside additional lands as "unceded Indian territory" in areas of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska, and possibly Montana. It failed as neither parties fully honored the terms.

Explanation: . It established the Great Sioux Reservation including ownership of the Black Hills, and set aside additional lands as "unceded Indian territory" in areas of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska, and possibly Montana.


Context: what were the terms of the treaty of fort laramie why did it fall

Context: One of the terms was that  it established the Great Sioux Reservation including ownership of the Black Hills, and set aside additional lands as "unceded Indian territory" in areas of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska, and possibly Montana. It failed as neither parties fully honored the terms.

Question: who was this treaty signed by?

Answer: The United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota and Arapaho Nation.

Explanation: The Treaty of Fort Laramie (also the Sioux Treaty of 1868) is an agreement between the United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota and Arapaho Nation,


Context: who was this treaty signed by?

Context: The United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota and Arapaho Nation.

Question: what is the language spoken by the last nation you mentioned?

Answer: The Arapaho language.

Explanation: The Arapaho language is currently spoken in two different dialects, and it is considered to be a member of the Algonquian language family.


Context: who was this treaty signed by?

Context: what is the language spoken by the last nation you mentioned?

Context: The Arapaho language.

Question: did this nation have enemies?

Answer: Yes, the American troops.

Events Leading to the Sand Creek Massacre

Explanation: Several skirmishes had ignited hatred from the "white" folk that lived in the area, and left Arapaho and Cheyenne tribes in constant fear of being attacked by American troops.


Context: who was this treaty signed by?

Context: The Arapaho language.

Context: did this nation have enemies?

Context: Yes, the American troops.

Question: did any massacre also take place here?

Answer: Yes, the Sand Creek Massacre.

Explanation: In November 1864, a small village of Cheyenne and Arapaho became victims of the Sand Creek massacre, an attack by the Colorado militia, led by Colonel John Chivington.


Context: who was this treaty signed by?

Context: The Arapaho language.

Context: did this nation have enemies?

Context: Yes, the American troops.

Context: did any massacre also take place here?

Context: Yes, the Sand Creek Massacre.

Question: can you tell me one reason that led to it happening?

Answer: One of the reasons was Governor Evans' desire to hold title to the resource rich Denver-Boulder area.

Explanation: According to an historical narrative on the event titled "Chief Left Hand", by Margaret Coel, contributing factors that led to the massacre were: Governor Evans' desire to hold title to the resource rich Denver-Boulder area; government trust officials' avoidance of Chief Left Hand (a linguistically gifted Southern Arapaho chief), when executing a legal treaty that transferred title of the area away from Indian Trust; a local cavalry stretched thin by the demands of the Civil War; the hijacking of their supplies by a few stray Indian warriors who had lost respect for their chiefs and followers of Chief Left Hand (including a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho elders, a few well behaved warriors, and mostly women and children), who had received a message to report to Fort Lyon with the promise of safety and food at the Fort, or risk being considered "hostile" and ordered killed by the cavalry. (The tribe had been deprived of their normal wintering grounds in the Boulder area.)


Context: who was this treaty signed by?

Context: The Arapaho language.

Context: did this nation have enemies?

Context: Yes, the American troops.

Context: did any massacre also take place here?

Context: Yes, the Sand Creek Massacre.

Context: can you tell me one reason that led to it happening?

Context: One of the reasons was Governor Evans' desire to hold title to the resource rich Denver-Boulder area.

Question: what kind of clothes do the people here wear?

Answer: The women historically wore moccasins, leggings, and ankle-length buckskin-fringed dresses, ornamented with porcupine quills, paint, elk teeth, and beads. Men have also worn moccasins, leggings, buckskin breechclothes , and sometimes shirts.

Explanation: On the Plains, women (and "haxu'xan") historically wore moccasins, leggings, and ankle-length buckskin-fringed dresses, ornamented with porcupine quills, paint, elk teeth, and beads. Men have also worn moccasins, leggings, buckskin breechclothes (drawn between the legs, tied around the waist), and sometimes shirts; warriors have often worn necklaces. Many of these items are still part of contemporary dress for both casual and formal wear, or as regalia.


Context: who was this treaty signed by?

Context: The Arapaho language.

Context: did this nation have enemies?

Context: Yes, the American troops.

Context: did any massacre also take place here?

Context: Yes, the Sand Creek Massacre.

Context: what kind of clothes do the people here wear?

Context: The women historically wore moccasins, leggings, and ankle-length buckskin-fringed dresses, ornamented with porcupine quills, paint, elk teeth, and beads. Men have also worn moccasins, leggings, buckskin breechclothes , and sometimes shirts.

Question: how many articles are there in total in the treaty?

Answer: 17.

Explanation: The treaty is divided into 17 articles.


Context: who was this treaty signed by?

Context: The Arapaho language.

Context: did this nation have enemies?

Context: Yes, the American troops.

Context: did any massacre also take place here?

Context: Yes, the Sand Creek Massacre.

Context: how many articles are there in total in the treaty?

Question: what is the first article about?

Answer: Cessation of hostilities.

Explanation: Article one called for the cessation of hostilities, stating "all war between the parties to this agreement shall for ever cease


Context: who was this treaty signed by?

Context: The Arapaho language.

Context: did this nation have enemies?

Context: Yes, the American troops.

Context: did any massacre also take place here?

Context: Yes, the Sand Creek Massacre.

Context: what is the first article about?

Context: Cessation of hostilities.

Question: when was this treaty signed?

Answer: 1868.

Explanation: he Treaty of Fort Laramie (also the Sioux Treaty of 1868) is an agreement between the United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota and Arapaho Nation, following the failure of the first Fort Laramie treaty, signed in 1851.


Context: who was this treaty signed by?

Context: The Arapaho language.

Context: did this nation have enemies?

Context: Yes, the American troops.

Context: did any massacre also take place here?

Context: Yes, the Sand Creek Massacre.

Context: what is the first article about?

Context: Cessation of hostilities.

Context: when was this treaty signed?

Question: what is article xvii about?

Answer: According to this , the  treaty, as agreed to "shall be construed as abrogating and annulling all treaties and agreements heretofore entered into.

Explanation: The treaty, as agreed to "shall be construed as abrogating and annulling all treaties and agreements heretofore entered into.


Question: what book comes first in lord of the rings

Answer: The Fellowship of the Ring"

Explanation: The three volumes were titled "The Fellowship of the Ring", "The Two Towers" and "The Return of the King".