Context: what are its various types?

Context: what can you tell me about the second type?

Context: It is the time spent between jobs when a worker is searching for a job or transferring from one job to another.

Question: are there various theories to the aforesaid term?

Answer: Voluntary unemployment is attributed to the individual's decisions, but involuntary unemployment exists because of the socio-economic environment in which individuals operate.

Explanation: Though there have been several definitions of "voluntary" and "involuntary unemployment" in the economics literature, a simple distinction is often applied. Voluntary unemployment is attributed to the individual's decisions, but involuntary unemployment exists because of the socio-economic environment (including the market structure, government intervention, and the level of aggregate demand) in which individuals operate. In these terms, much or most of frictional unemployment is voluntary since it reflects individual search behavior. Voluntary unemployment includes workers who reject low-wage jobs, but involuntary unemployment includes workers fired because of an economic crisis, industrial decline, company bankruptcy, or organizational restructuring.


Context: what is the minimum school leaving age in the uk

Context: It is 19 years of age from the year 2017

Context: were there any reasons for increasing the age?

Context: Yes, because it was increasing the rate of unemployment overall

Context: what do you mean by the last mentioned term?

Context: As per OECD, if persons above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period.

Context: what are its various types?

Context: Cyclical or Keynesian unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and classical unemployment are few types.

Context: are there various theories to the aforesaid term?

Context: Voluntary unemployment is attributed to the individual's decisions, but involuntary unemployment exists because of the socio-economic environment in which individuals operate.

Question: what is the estimated ratio of the unwaged people?

Answer: The youth unemployment ratios in the European Union range from 5.2 (Austria) to 20.6 percent (Spain),  7.9 (Germany), 57.9 percent (Greece).

Explanation: The unemployment ratio calculates the share of unemployed for the whole population. Particularly, many young people between 15 and 24 are studying full-time and so are neither working nor looking for a job. That means that they are not part of the labor force, which is used as the denominator when the unemployment rate is calculated. The youth unemployment ratios in the European Union range from 5.2 (Austria) to 20.6 percent (Spain). They are considerably lower than the standard youth unemployment rates, ranging from 7.9 (Germany) to 57.9 percent (Greece).


Context: what are its various types?

Context: what is the estimated ratio of the unwaged people?

Context: The youth unemployment ratios in the European Union range from 5.2 (Austria) to 20.6 percent (Spain),  7.9 (Germany), 57.9 percent (Greece).

Question: what are the benefits of being unwaged?

Answer: The primary benefit of unemployment is that people are available for hire

Explanation:
The primary benefit of unemployment is that people are available for hire, without being headhunted away from their existing employers. That permits both new and old businesses to take on staff.

Unemployment is argued to be "beneficial" to the people who are not unemployed in the sense that it averts inflation, which itself has damaging effects, by providing (in Marxian terms) a reserve army of labour, which keeps wages in check. However, the direct connection between full local employment and local inflation has been disputed by some because of the recent increase in international trade that supplies low-priced goods even while local employment rates rise to full employment.


Context: what are its various types?

Context: what are the benefits of being unwaged?

Context: The primary benefit of unemployment is that people are available for hire

Question: what are its remedies?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: what are its various types?

Context: what are the benefits of being unwaged?

Context: what are its remedies?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: how is this associated with the european union?

Answer: It collects data on all member states each quarter. For monthly calculations, national surveys or national registers from employment offices are used in conjunction with quarterly EU-LFS data.

Explanation: The main source used is the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS). It collects data on all member states each quarter. For monthly calculations, national surveys or national registers from employment offices are used in conjunction with quarterly EU-LFS data. The exact calculation for individual countries, resulting in harmonized monthly data, depends on the availability of the data.


Question: who played scarlet in gone with the wind

Answer: Vivien Leigh

Explanation: Vivien Leigh (; 5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967; born Vivian Mary Hartley and styled as Lady Olivier after 1947) was a British stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her definitive performances as Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone with the Wind" (1939)


Context: who played scarlet in gone with the wind

Context: Vivien Leigh

Question: who is he ?

Answer: She was a British stage and film actress.

Explanation: Vivien Leigh (; 5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967; born Vivian Mary Hartley and styled as Lady Olivier after 1947) was a British stage and film actress.


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: She was a British stage and film actress.

Question: where was she born ?

Answer: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Explanation: Leigh was born Vivian Mary Hartley on 5 November 1913 in British India on the campus of St. Paul's School in Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Question: did she have any illness ?

Answer: She had a nervous breakdown.

Explanation: In January 1953, Leigh travelled to Ceylon to film "Elephant Walk" with Peter Finch. Shortly after filming commenced, she had a nervous breakdown


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Question: which other movies she has acted in ?

Answer: "Fire Over England" and "A Streetcar Named Desire".

Explanation: After completing her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in "Fire Over England" (1937).


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: "Fire Over England" and "A Streetcar Named Desire".

Question: how did she die ?

Answer: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Explanation: she had bipolar disorder, as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis, which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately killed her at the age of 53.


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Question: what is this disease ?

Answer: It is an infectious disease usually caused by "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" (MTB) bacteria.

Explanation: is an infectious disease usually caused by "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" (MTB) bacteria.


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: It is an infectious disease usually caused by "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" (MTB) bacteria.

Question: any vaccines to combat it ?

Answer: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Explanation: The only available vaccine is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: any vaccines to combat it ?

Context: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Question: does it effect animals ?

Answer: It infects many different animals, including birds, fish, rodents, and reptiles.

Explanation: Mycobacteria infect many different animals, including birds, fish, rodents, and reptiles.


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: any vaccines to combat it ?

Context: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Context: does it effect animals ?

Context: It infects many different animals, including birds, fish, rodents, and reptiles.

Question: how is it treated ?

Answer: With antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

Explanation: Treatment of TB uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria.


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: any vaccines to combat it ?

Context: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Context: does it effect animals ?

Context: how is it treated ?

Context: With antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

Question: how are they transmitted ?

Answer: When people with active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or spit, they expel infectious aerosol droplets 0.5 to 5.0 µm in diameter.

Explanation: When people with active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or spit, they expel infectious aerosol droplets 0.5 to 5.0 µm in diameter.


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: any vaccines to combat it ?

Context: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Context: does it effect animals ?

Context: how is it treated ?

Context: With antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

Context: how are they transmitted ?

Context: When people with active pulmonary TB cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or spit, they expel infectious aerosol droplets 0.5 to 5.0 µm in diameter.

Question: what are its risk factors ?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: any vaccines to combat it ?

Context: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Context: does it effect animals ?

Context: how is it treated ?

Context: With antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

Context: how are they transmitted ?

Context: what are its risk factors ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was the first movie mentioned above released which the above actress acted in ?

Answer: 1937

Explanation: Fire Over England (aka Gloriana) is a 1937 London Film Productions film drama, notable for providing the first pairing of Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh.


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: any vaccines to combat it ?

Context: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Context: does it effect animals ?

Context: how is it treated ?

Context: With antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

Context: how are they transmitted ?

Context: what are its risk factors ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was the first movie mentioned above released which the above actress acted in ?

Question: what was its plot ?

Answer: It focuses on England's victory over the Spanish Armada.

Explanation: The film is a historical drama set during the reign of Elizabeth I focusing on England's victory over the Spanish Armada.


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: any vaccines to combat it ?

Context: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Context: does it effect animals ?

Context: how is it treated ?

Context: With antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

Context: how are they transmitted ?

Context: what are its risk factors ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was its plot ?

Context: It focuses on England's victory over the Spanish Armada.

Question: who produced it ?

Answer: It is a London Film Productions film drama.

Explanation: Fire Over England (aka Gloriana) is a 1937 London Film Productions film drama


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: any vaccines to combat it ?

Context: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Context: does it effect animals ?

Context: how is it treated ?

Context: With antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

Context: how are they transmitted ?

Context: what are its risk factors ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was its plot ?

Context: who produced it ?

Context: It is a London Film Productions film drama.

Question: who directed it ?

Answer: William K. Howard

Explanation: Fire Over England (aka Gloriana) is a 1937 London Film Productions film drama, notable for providing the first pairing of Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh. It was directed by William K. Howard


Context: Vivien Leigh

Context: who is he ?

Context: where was she born ?

Context: Darjeeling, Bengal Presidency.

Context: did she have any illness ?

Context: She had a nervous breakdown.

Context: which other movies she has acted in ?

Context: how did she die ?

Context: She died from chronic tuberculosis.

Context: what is this disease ?

Context: any vaccines to combat it ?

Context: Yes, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

Context: does it effect animals ?

Context: how is it treated ?

Context: With antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

Context: how are they transmitted ?

Context: what are its risk factors ?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what was its plot ?

Context: who produced it ?

Context: who directed it ?

Context: William K. Howard

Question: name some of its cast members ?

Answer: Flora Robson, Morton Selten and Leslie Banks.

Explanation: During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England is concerned by the impending arrival of the Spanish Armada. In 1588, relations between Spain and England are at breaking point. With the support of Queen Elizabeth I (Flora Robson), English privateers such as Sir Francis Drake regularly capture Spanish merchantmen bringing gold from the New World.


Question: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Answer: Kristen Bell

Explanation: Kristen Bell was cast to voice the adult Anna.


Context:
who does the voice for anna in frozen
Kristen Bell

Question: who are the other main characters in the movie?

Answer: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Explanation: The original character of Gerda, known as Anna, was one of the three major characters in the script at this time, along with the Snow Queen, Elsa and Kristoff,


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: who are the other main characters in the movie?

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Question: does the first character appear in any other movies or sequels?

Answer: Yes, a fictional character who appears "Frozen" and its sequel "Frozen II".

Explanation: Anna of Arendelle () is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 53rd animated film "Frozen" and its sequel "Frozen II".


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: does the first character appear in any other movies or sequels?

Context: Yes, a fictional character who appears "Frozen" and its sequel "Frozen II".

Question: under which studio banner are these movies released?

Answer: Walt Disney Animation Studios


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: under which studio banner are these movies released?

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Question: when was this founded?

Answer: October 16, 1923

Explanation: Founded on October 16, 1923 by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Context: when was this founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Question: is this company located in multiple places?

Answer: Yes, its located around the world

Explanation: , feature animation satellite studios were located around the world in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis, France (a suburb of Paris), and in Bay Lake, Florida (near Orlando, at Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park). The Paris studio was shut down in 2002, while the Florida studio was shut down in 2004. The Florida animation building survives as an office building, while the former Magic of Disney Animation section of the building is home to "Star Wars" Launch Bay.


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Context: when was this founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Context: is this company located in multiple places?

Context: Yes, its located around the world

Question: where is it headquartered?

Answer: Burbank, California

Explanation: Walt Disney Animation Studios has been headquartered in the Roy E. Disney Animation Building in Burbank, California, across Riverside Drive from The Walt Disney Studios, where the original Animation building (now housing corporate offices) is located.


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Context: when was this founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Context: Yes, its located around the world

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Burbank, California

Question: are there any famous parks in this area mentioned above?

Answer: Yes, Magnolia Park

Explanation: Magnolia Park, established on Burbank's western edge in the early 1920s, had 3,500 houses within six years after its creation


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Context: when was this founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Context: Yes, its located around the world

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Burbank, California

Context: are there any famous parks in this area mentioned above?

Context: Yes, Magnolia Park

Question: can you name the current mayor of this city?

Answer: Emily Gabel-Luddy

Explanation: Emily Gabel-Luddy was elected as the new mayor on April 30, 2018.


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Context: when was this founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Context: Yes, its located around the world

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Burbank, California

Context: Yes, Magnolia Park

Context: can you name the current mayor of this city?

Context: Emily Gabel-Luddy

Question: how is this city associated with cinematic history?

Answer: Hundreds of major feature films have filmed in Burbank over the years

Explanation: Burbank has a rich cinematic history. Hundreds of major feature films have filmed in Burbank over the years, but perhaps none more famous than "Casablanca" (1942), starring Humphrey Bogart.


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Context: when was this founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Context: Yes, its located around the world

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Burbank, California

Context: Yes, Magnolia Park

Context: Emily Gabel-Luddy

Context: how is this city associated with cinematic history?

Question: name any one major film.

Answer: "Casablanca"

Explanation: Burbank has a rich cinematic history. Hundreds of major feature films have filmed in Burbank over the years, but perhaps none more famous than "Casablanca" (1942), starring Humphrey Bogart


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Context: when was this founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Context: Yes, its located around the world

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Burbank, California

Context: Yes, Magnolia Park

Context: Emily Gabel-Luddy

Context: name any one major film.

Context: "Casablanca"

Question: what historical event is this movie set against?

Answer: World War II

Explanation: "Casablanca" (1942), starring Humphrey Bogart. The movie began production a few months after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. Due to World War II, location shooting was restricted and filming near airports was banned. As a result, "Casablanca" shot most of its major scenes on Stage 1 at the Warner Bros.


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Context: when was this founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Context: Yes, its located around the world

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Burbank, California

Context: Yes, Magnolia Park

Context: Emily Gabel-Luddy

Context: name any one major film.

Context: "Casablanca"

Context: what historical event is this movie set against?

Context: World War II

Question: which are the different countries or locations featured in it?

Answer: It featured a foggy Moroccan runway

Explanation: , including the film's famous airport scene. It featured a foggy Moroccan runway created on the stage where Bogart's character doesn't fly away with Ingrid Bergman. "Bonnie and Clyde" (1967) was also filmed at the Warner Bros. Burbank Studios.


Context: who does the voice for anna in frozen

Context: Kristen Bell

Context: Anna, Elsa and Kristoff

Context: Walt Disney Animation Studios

Context: when was this founded?

Context: October 16, 1923

Context: Yes, its located around the world

Context: where is it headquartered?

Context: Burbank, California

Context: Yes, Magnolia Park

Context: Emily Gabel-Luddy

Context: name any one major film.

Context: "Casablanca"

Context: World War II

Context: which are the different countries or locations featured in it?

Context: It featured a foggy Moroccan runway

Question: which actors played the main characters in it?

Answer: Humphrey Bogart

Explanation: "Casablanca" (1942), starring Humphrey Bogart.


Question: how does a white dwarf form?

Answer: After the hydrogen-fusing period of a main-sequence star of low or medium mass ends, such a star will expand to a red giant. It the red giant  has insufficient mass to generate the core temperatures required to fuse carbon it forms a planetary nebula. The remaining core is the white dwarf.

Explanation: White dwarfs are thought to be the final evolutionary state of stars whose mass is not high enough to become a neutron star, which is about 10 solar masses. This includes over 97% of the other stars in the Milky Way. After the hydrogen-fusing period of a main-sequence star of low or medium mass ends, such a star will expand to a red giant during which it fuses helium to carbon and oxygen in its core by the triple-alpha process. If a red giant has insufficient mass to generate the core temperatures required to fuse carbon (around 1 billion K), an inert mass of carbon and oxygen will build up at its center. After such a star sheds its outer layers and forms a planetary nebula, it will leave behind a core, which is the remnant white dwarf.


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: After the hydrogen-fusing period of a main-sequence star of low or medium mass ends, such a star will expand to a red giant. It the red giant  has insufficient mass to generate the core temperatures required to fuse carbon it forms a planetary nebula. The remaining core is the white dwarf.

Question: what metals does it contain?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: when was it discovered?

Answer: In 1910.

Explanation: In 1910, Henry Norris Russell, Edward Charles Pickering and Williamina Fleming discovered that, despite being a dim star, 40 Eridani B was of spectral type A, or white. I


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Question: and who discovered it?

Answer: Henry Norris Russell, Edward Charles Pickering and Williamina Fleming.

Explanation: In 1910, Henry Norris Russell, Edward Charles Pickering and Williamina Fleming discovered that, despite being a dim star, 40 Eridani B was of spectral type A, or white.


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: Henry Norris Russell, Edward Charles Pickering and Williamina Fleming.

Question: mention a few works published by the first person?

Answer: He co-authored a two-volume textbook titled "Astronomy: A Revision of Young’s Manual of Astronomy" .

Explanation: Russell co-wrote an influential two-volume textbook in 1927 with Raymond Smith Dugan and John Quincy Stewart: "Astronomy: A Revision of Young’s Manual of Astronomy" (Ginn & Co., Boston, 1926–27, 1938, 1945). T


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: mention a few works published by the first person?

Context: He co-authored a two-volume textbook titled "Astronomy: A Revision of Young’s Manual of Astronomy" .

Question: how is the magnetic field of white dwarf?

Answer: Since 1970 magnetic fields have been discovered in well over 200 white dwarfs, ranging  0.2 T to 100 kT.

Explanation: Since 1970 magnetic fields have been discovered in well over 200 white dwarfs, ranging from to 10 gauss (0.2 T to 100 kT).


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: how is the magnetic field of white dwarf?

Context: Since 1970 magnetic fields have been discovered in well over 200 white dwarfs, ranging  0.2 T to 100 kT.

Question: is it habitable?

Answer: It has been proposed that white dwarfs with surface temperatures of less than 10,000 Kelvins could harbor a habitable zone at a distance of c. 0.005 to 0.02 AU.

Explanation: It has been proposed that white dwarfs with surface temperatures of less than 10,000 Kelvins could harbor a habitable zone at a distance of c. 0.005 to 0.02 AU that would last upwards of 3 billion years.


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: is it habitable?

Context: It has been proposed that white dwarfs with surface temperatures of less than 10,000 Kelvins could harbor a habitable zone at a distance of c. 0.005 to 0.02 AU.

Question: does it have any debris around it?

Answer: Yes, mainly dust clouds.

Explanation: A white dwarf's stellar and planetary system is inherited from its progenitor star and may interact with the white dwarf in various ways. Infrared spectroscopic observations made by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope of the central star of the Helix Nebula suggest the presence of a dust cloud, which may be caused by cometary collisions. It is possible that infalling material from this may cause X-ray emission from the central star. Similarly, observations made in 2004 indicated the presence of a dust cloud around the young (estimated to have formed from its AGB progenitor about 500 million years ago) white dwarf G29-38, which may have been created by tidal disruption of a comet passing close to the white dwarf. Some estimations based on the metal content of the atmospheres of the white dwarfs consider that at least 15% of them may be orbited by planets and/or asteroids, or at least their debris.


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: is it habitable?

Context: does it have any debris around it?

Context: Yes, mainly dust clouds.

Question: name a place where such dwarfs can be found?

Answer: The Sirius binary star.

Explanation: The nearest known white dwarf is Sirius B, at 8.6 light years, the smaller component of the Sirius binary star.


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: is it habitable?

Context: does it have any debris around it?

Context: Yes, mainly dust clouds.

Context: name a place where such dwarfs can be found?

Context: The Sirius binary star.

Question: are the dwarfs found in any nebula?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: is it habitable?

Context: does it have any debris around it?

Context: Yes, mainly dust clouds.

Context: The Sirius binary star.

Context: are the dwarfs found in any nebula?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Question: which telescope was used to discover the dwarf?

Answer: Spitzer Space Telescope.

Explanation: A white dwarf's stellar and planetary system is inherited from its progenitor star and may interact with the white dwarf in various ways. Infrared spectroscopic observations made by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope of the central star of the Helix Nebula suggest the presence of a dust cloud, which may be caused by cometary collisions. It is possible that infalling material from this may cause X-ray emission from the central star.


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: is it habitable?

Context: does it have any debris around it?

Context: Yes, mainly dust clouds.

Context: The Sirius binary star.

Context: are the dwarfs found in any nebula?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: which telescope was used to discover the dwarf?

Context: Spitzer Space Telescope.

Question: who developed the telescope?

Answer: NASA.

Explanation: In keeping with NASA tradition, the telescope was renamed after its successful demonstration of operation, on 18 December 2003.


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: is it habitable?

Context: does it have any debris around it?

Context: Yes, mainly dust clouds.

Context: The Sirius binary star.

Context: are the dwarfs found in any nebula?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spitzer Space Telescope.

Context: who developed the telescope?

Context: NASA.

Question: for what was it developed?

Answer: For an infrared survey of the sky.

Explanation: The launch in January 1983 of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, jointly developed by the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, to conduct the first infrared survey of the sky, whetted the appetites of scientists worldwide for follow-up space missions capitalizing on the rapid improvements in infrared detector technology.


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: is it habitable?

Context: does it have any debris around it?

Context: Yes, mainly dust clouds.

Context: The Sirius binary star.

Context: are the dwarfs found in any nebula?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spitzer Space Telescope.

Context: who developed the telescope?

Context: NASA.

Context: for what was it developed?

Context: For an infrared survey of the sky.

Question: was there any survey conducted using the telescope?

Answer: Yes, data was collected on forming stars, planets, and other galaxies.

Explanation:
. As a requirement tied to the funding these Legacy teams received, the teams had to deliver high-level data products back to the Spitzer Science Center (and the [NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive | Infrared_Science_Archive]) for use by the community, again ensuring the rapid scientific return of the mission. The international scientific community quickly realized the value of delivering products for others to use, and even though Legacy projects were no longer explicitly solicited in subsequent proposal calls, teams continued to deliver products to the community. The Spitzer Science Center later reinstated named "Legacy" projects (and later still "Exploration Science" projects) in response to this community-driven effort.

Important targets included forming stars (young stellar objects, or YSOs), planets, and other galaxies. Images are freely available for educational and journalistic purposes.


Context: how does a white dwarf form?

Context: what metals does it contain?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: when was it discovered?

Context: In 1910.

Context: and who discovered it?

Context: is it habitable?

Context: does it have any debris around it?

Context: Yes, mainly dust clouds.

Context: The Sirius binary star.

Context: are the dwarfs found in any nebula?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: Spitzer Space Telescope.

Context: who developed the telescope?

Context: NASA.

Context: for what was it developed?

Context: For an infrared survey of the sky.

Context: was there any survey conducted using the telescope?

Context: Yes, data was collected on forming stars, planets, and other galaxies.

Question: is the telescope called planet hunter?

Answer: Yes, as it was used to study exoplanets.

Explanation: "Spitzer" was also put to work studying exoplanets thanks to creatively tweaking its hardware. This included doubling its stability by modifying its heating cycle, finding a new use for the "peak-up" camera, and analyzing the sensor at a sub-pixel level. Although in its "warm" mission, the spacecraft's passive cooling system kept the sensors at . "Spitzer" used the transit photometry and gravitational microlensing techniques to perform these observations. According to NASA's Sean Carey, "We never even considered using Spitzer for studying exoplanets when it launched. ... It would have seemed ludicrous back then, but now it's an important part of what Spitzer does."


Question: who is known as the man of steel

Answer: Superman

Explanation: Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film based on the DC Comics character Superman


Context:
who is known as the man of steel
Superman

Question: what is the film based on?

Answer: In the film, Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton. He assumes the role of mankind's protector as Superman, making the choice to face General Zod and prevent him from destroying humanity.

Explanation: In the film, Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton. He assumes the role of mankind's protector as Superman, making the choice to face General Zod and prevent him from destroying humanity.


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: In the film, Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton. He assumes the role of mankind's protector as Superman, making the choice to face General Zod and prevent him from destroying humanity.

Question: who created it?

Answer: Zack Snyder

Explanation: Zack Snyder,


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Question: who is he?

Answer: American film director, producer, and screenwriter

Explanation: American film director, producer, and screenwriter.


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: American film director, producer, and screenwriter

Question: with which movie he debuted?

Answer: "Dawn of the Dead"

Explanation: "Dawn of the Dead"


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Question: did he receive any rewards?

Answer: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Explanation: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award for his Jeep "Frisbee" commercial. He also


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Context: did he receive any rewards?

Context: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Question: name few of his works ?

Answer: "Watchmen", "Sucker Punch", "Man of Steel"

Explanation: "Man of Steel"


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Context: did he receive any rewards?

Context: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Context: name few of his works ?

Context: "Watchmen", "Sucker Punch", "Man of Steel"

Question: when was the third released?

Answer: June 10, 2013

Explanation: June 10, 2013


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Context: did he receive any rewards?

Context: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Context: name few of his works ?

Context: when was the third released?

Context: June 10, 2013

Question: who were the actors in it?

Answer: Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Michael Shannon, Kevin Costner, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Antje Traue, Ayelet Zurer, Christopher Meloni and Russell Crowe.

Explanation: Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Michael Shannon, Kevin Costner, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Antje Traue, Ayelet Zurer, Christopher Meloni and Russell Crowe.


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Context: did he receive any rewards?

Context: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Context: name few of his works ?

Context: when was the third released?

Context: June 10, 2013

Context: who were the actors in it?

Context: Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Michael Shannon, Kevin Costner, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Antje Traue, Ayelet Zurer, Christopher Meloni and Russell Crowe.

Question: where was the last born?

Answer: Wellington suburb of Strathmore Park, New Zealand

Explanation: Wellington suburb of Strathmore Park, New Zealand, t


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Context: did he receive any rewards?

Context: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Context: name few of his works ?

Context: when was the third released?

Context: June 10, 2013

Context: who were the actors in it?

Context: where was the last born?

Context: Wellington suburb of Strathmore Park, New Zealand

Question: is he associated with sports?

Answer: Crowe has been a supporter of the rugby league football team the South Sydney Rabbitohs since childhood. Since his rise to fame as an actor, he has continued appearing at home games

Explanation: Crowe has been a supporter of the rugby league football team the South Sydney Rabbitohs since childhood. Since his rise to fame as an actor, he has continued appearing at home games,


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Context: did he receive any rewards?

Context: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Context: name few of his works ?

Context: when was the third released?

Context: June 10, 2013

Context: who were the actors in it?

Context: where was the last born?

Context: is he associated with sports?

Context: Crowe has been a supporter of the rugby league football team the South Sydney Rabbitohs since childhood. Since his rise to fame as an actor, he has continued appearing at home games

Question: when was the league established?

Answer: In 1895

Explanation: In 1895, a schism in Rugby football resulted in the formation of the Northern Rugby Football Union (NRFU). Although many factors played a part in the split, including the success of work


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Context: did he receive any rewards?

Context: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Context: name few of his works ?

Context: when was the third released?

Context: June 10, 2013

Context: who were the actors in it?

Context: where was the last born?

Context: is he associated with sports?

Context: when was the league established?

Context: In 1895

Question: how did it gets its name?

Answer: Rugby league football takes its name from the bodies that split to create a new form of rugby, distinct from that run by the Rugby Football Unions, in Britain, Australia and New Zealand

Explanation: Rugby league football takes its name from the bodies that split to create a new form of rugby, distinct from that run by the Rugby Football Unions, in Britain, Australia and New Zealand between


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Context: did he receive any rewards?

Context: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Context: name few of his works ?

Context: when was the third released?

Context: June 10, 2013

Context: who were the actors in it?

Context: where was the last born?

Context: is he associated with sports?

Context: when was the league established?

Context: In 1895

Context: how did it gets its name?

Context: Rugby league football takes its name from the bodies that split to create a new form of rugby, distinct from that run by the Rugby Football Unions, in Britain, Australia and New Zealand

Question: when was the above union formed?

Answer: Between 1895 and 1908

Explanation: between 1895 and 1908


Context: who is known as the man of steel

Context: Superman

Context: what is the film based on?

Context: who created it?

Context: Zack Snyder

Context: who is he?

Context: with which movie he debuted?

Context: "Dawn of the Dead"

Context: did he receive any rewards?

Context: Clio Awards and a Gold Lion Award

Context: name few of his works ?

Context: when was the third released?

Context: June 10, 2013

Context: who were the actors in it?

Context: where was the last born?

Context: is he associated with sports?

Context: when was the league established?

Context: In 1895

Context: how did it gets its name?

Context: when was the above union formed?

Context: Between 1895 and 1908

Question: what is this union?

Answer: The Rugby Football Union (RFU) is the governing body for rugby union in England

Explanation: The Rugby Football Union (RFU) is the governing body for rugby union in England


Question: when did they start putting fluoride in water

Answer: 1945

Explanation: The third period, from 1945 on, focused on adding fluoride to community water supplies.


Context: when did they start putting fluoride in water

Question: what was the objective of doing this?

Answer: Water fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay.

Explanation: Water fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay.


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: Water fluoridation is the controlled adjustment of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay.

Question: what is this substance mentioned here?

Answer: It is an inorganic, monatomic anion, whose salts are typically white or colorless.

Explanation: Fluoride () is an inorganic, monatomic anion with the chemical formula (also written ), whose salts are typically white or colorless.


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: what is this substance mentioned here?

Context: It is an inorganic, monatomic anion, whose salts are typically white or colorless.

Question: how is it associated with teeth?

Answer: Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth, it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities.

Explanation: Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth, it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities.


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: what is this substance mentioned here?

Context: how is it associated with teeth?

Context: Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth, it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities.

Question: is it found in any food consumed by humans?

Answer: Seafood, tea, and gelatin.

Explanation: Water and food sources of fluoride include community water fluoridation, seafood, tea, and gelatin.


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: what is this substance mentioned here?

Context: how is it associated with teeth?

Context: is it found in any food consumed by humans?

Context: Seafood, tea, and gelatin.

Question: is this element used in batteries?

Answer: Yes, Fluoride-ion Battery

Explanation: A large team of researchers, including Simon C. Jones of California Institute of Technology and Christopher J. Brooks of the Honda Research Institute, have come up with a liquid electrolyte that shuttles fluoride ions to and fro and demonstrated its use in a room-temperature, rechargeable FIB (


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: what is this substance mentioned here?

Context: how is it associated with teeth?

Context: Seafood, tea, and gelatin.

Context: is this element used in batteries?

Context: Yes, Fluoride-ion Battery

Question: what are the factors that cause the damage to teeth mentioned earlier?

Answer: The use of tobacco, Reduced salivary flow rate, biofilm

Explanation: biofilm


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: what is this substance mentioned here?

Context: how is it associated with teeth?

Context: Seafood, tea, and gelatin.

Context: is this element used in batteries?

Context: Yes, Fluoride-ion Battery

Context: what are the factors that cause the damage to teeth mentioned earlier?

Context: The use of tobacco, Reduced salivary flow rate, biofilm

Question: how can this decay be treated?

Answer: This may require extensive changes to the diet (reduction in frequency of refined sugars), improved oral hygiene (toothbrushing twice per day with fluoride toothpaste and daily flossing), and regular application of topical fluoride

Explanation: However, this may require extensive changes to the diet (reduction in frequency of refined sugars), improved oral hygiene (toothbrushing twice per day with fluoride toothpaste and daily flossing), and regular application of topical fluoride


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: what is this substance mentioned here?

Context: how is it associated with teeth?

Context: Seafood, tea, and gelatin.

Context: is this element used in batteries?

Context: Yes, Fluoride-ion Battery

Context: how can this decay be treated?

Context: This may require extensive changes to the diet (reduction in frequency of refined sugars), improved oral hygiene (toothbrushing twice per day with fluoride toothpaste and daily flossing), and regular application of topical fluoride

Question: what other changes should be made to the diet, apart from the one mentioned here?

Answer: Less sugar intake, Chewy and sticky foods (such as candy, cookies, potato chips, and crackers) tend to adhere to teeth longer; For children, the American Dental Association and the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry recommend limiting the frequency of consumption of drinks with sugar, and not giving baby bottles to infants during sleep

Explanation:
People who eat more free sugars get more cavities, with cavities increasing exponentially with increasing sugar intake. Populations with less sugar intake have fewer cavities. In one population, in Nigeria, where sugar consumption was about 2g/day, only two percent of the population, of any age, had had a cavity.

Chewy and sticky foods (such as candy, cookies, potato chips, and crackers) tend to adhere to teeth longer. However, dried fruits such as raisins and fresh fruit such as apples and bananas disappear from the mouth quickly, and do not appear to be a risk factor. Consumers are not good at guessing which foods stick around in the mouth.

For children, the American Dental Association and the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry recommend limiting the frequency of consumption of drinks with sugar, and not giving baby bottles to infants during sleep (see earlier discussion). Parents are also recommended to avoid sharing utensils and cups with their infants to prevent transferri


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: what is this substance mentioned here?

Context: how is it associated with teeth?

Context: Seafood, tea, and gelatin.

Context: is this element used in batteries?

Context: Yes, Fluoride-ion Battery

Context: how can this decay be treated?

Context: what other changes should be made to the diet, apart from the one mentioned here?

Context: Less sugar intake, Chewy and sticky foods (such as candy, cookies, potato chips, and crackers) tend to adhere to teeth longer; For children, the American Dental Association and the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry recommend limiting the frequency of consumption of drinks with sugar, and not giving baby bottles to infants during sleep

Question: what is the name of the association that specializes in oral health?

Answer: The American Dental Association

Explanation: The American Dental Association (ADA) is an American professional association established in 1859 which has more than 161,000 members.


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: what is this substance mentioned here?

Context: how is it associated with teeth?

Context: Seafood, tea, and gelatin.

Context: is this element used in batteries?

Context: Yes, Fluoride-ion Battery

Context: how can this decay be treated?

Context: what is the name of the association that specializes in oral health?

Context: The American Dental Association

Question: when was this founded?

Answer: 1859

Explanation: The American Dental Association (ADA) is an American professional association established in 1859


Context: what was the objective of doing this?

Context: what is this substance mentioned here?

Context: how is it associated with teeth?

Context: Seafood, tea, and gelatin.

Context: is this element used in batteries?

Context: Yes, Fluoride-ion Battery

Context: how can this decay be treated?

Context: The American Dental Association

Context: when was this founded?

Question: how does this association advertise itself?

Answer: Dudley the Dinosaur is an advertising character from the ADA

Explanation: Dudley the Dinosaur is an advertising character from the ADA.


Question: who is john early (educator)?

Answer: Irish-American Catholic priest and Jesuit educator.

Explanation: John Early, S.J. (July 1, 1814 – May 23, 1873) was an Irish-American Catholic priest and Jesuit educator who was the president of the College of the Holy Cross and Georgetown University, as well as the founder and president of Loyola College in Maryland.


Context: who is john early (educator)?

Context: Irish-American Catholic priest and Jesuit educator.

Question: where was he born?

Answer: Ireland

Explanation: Born in Ireland, he emigrated to the United States at the age of nineteen


Context: who is john early (educator)?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Ireland

Question: which college did he go to?

Answer: Mount St. Mary's Seminary, and Georgetown University

Explanation: Upon his arrival, he enrolled at Mount St. Mary's Seminary in Maryland, and entered the Society of Jesus, completing his education at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.


Context: who is john early (educator)?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Ireland

Context: which college did he go to?

Context: Mount St. Mary's Seminary, and Georgetown University

Question: which year did the latter institution establish?

Answer: 1789

Explanation: Founded by Bishop John Carroll in 1789 as Georgetown College


Context: who is john early (educator)?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Ireland

Context: which college did he go to?

Context: which year did the latter institution establish?

Question: which tradition was followed here?

Answer: Jesuit tradition - tradition of Ignatius of Loyola

Explanation: Georgetown University was founded by former Jesuits in the tradition of Ignatius of Loyola; it is a member of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities.


Context: who is john early (educator)?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Ireland

Context: which college did he go to?

Context: which tradition was followed here?

Context: Jesuit tradition - tradition of Ignatius of Loyola

Question: who was the latter mentioned person?

Answer: Spanish Basque Catholic priest and theologian, co-founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).

Explanation: Ignatius of Loyola (born Iñigo López de Oñaz y Loyola; ; ; ; – 31 July 1556), venerated as Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a Spanish Basque Catholic priest and theologian, who co-founded the religious order called the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and became its first Superior General at Paris in 1541.


Context: who is john early (educator)?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Ireland

Context: which college did he go to?

Context: which tradition was followed here?

Context: who was the latter mentioned person?

Context: Spanish Basque Catholic priest and theologian, co-founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).

Question: when was he born?

Answer: 31 July 1556

Explanation: Ignatius of Loyola (born Iñigo López de Oñaz y Loyola; ; ; ; – 31 July 1556)


Context: who is john early (educator)?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Ireland

Context: which college did he go to?

Context: which tradition was followed here?

Context: who was the latter mentioned person?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 31 July 1556

Question: what was his religious conversion?

Answer: While recovering from surgery, he underwent a spiritual conversion which led to his experiencing a call to religious life.

Explanation: While recovering from surgery, Íñigo underwent a spiritual conversion which led to his experiencing a call to religious life. His beloved sister-in-law, Magdalena de Araoz, selected two texts for him to read while he was recuperating. This is how Íñigo came to read a series of religious texts on the life of Jesus and on the lives of the saints, since the "romances of chivalry" he loved to read were not available to him in the castle.


Context: who is john early (educator)?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Ireland

Context: which college did he go to?

Context: which tradition was followed here?

Context: who was the latter mentioned person?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 31 July 1556

Context: what was his religious conversion?

Context: While recovering from surgery, he underwent a spiritual conversion which led to his experiencing a call to religious life.

Question: when did his canonisation take place?

Answer: 12 March 1622

Explanation: Ignatius was beatified by Pope Paul V on 27 July 1609, and canonized by Pope Gregory XV on 12 March 1622


Context: who is john early (educator)?

Context: where was he born?

Context: Ireland

Context: which college did he go to?

Context: which tradition was followed here?

Context: who was the latter mentioned person?

Context: when was he born?

Context: 31 July 1556

Context: what was his religious conversion?

Context: when did his canonisation take place?

Context: 12 March 1622

Question: what did he study?

Answer: Theology and Latin

Explanation: he then went on to the University of Alcalá, where he studied theology and Latin from 1524 to 1534.


Question: when was the 4th amendment proposed and ratified

Answer: It was drafted on September 17, 1787 and ratified on September 25, 1789.

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Explanation:
After several years of comparatively weak government under the Articles of Confederation, a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia proposed a new constitution on September 17, 1787, featuring a stronger chief executive and other changes. George Mason, a Constitutional Convention delegate and the drafter of Virginia's Declaration of Rights, proposed that a bill of rights listing and guaranteeing civil liberties be included. Other delegates—including future Bill of Rights drafter James Madison—disagreed, arguing that existing state guarantees of civil liberties were sufficient and that any attempt to enumerate individual rights risked implying that other, unnamed rights were unprotected. After a brief debate, Mason's proposal was defeated by a unanimous vote of the state delegations.

For the Constitution to be ratified, however, nine of the thirteen states were required to approve it in state conventions. Opposition to ratification ("Anti-Federalism") was partly based on the Constitu


Context: when was the 4th amendment proposed and ratified

Context: It was drafted on September 17, 1787 and ratified on September 25, 1789.

Question: what does it amend?

Answer: It deals with three main issues: what government activities are "searches" and "seizures", what constitutes probable cause to conduct searches and seizures, and how to address violations of the amendment.

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Explanation: Fourth Amendment case law deals with three main issues: what government activities are "searches" and "seizures", what constitutes probable cause to conduct searches and seizures, and how to address violations of Fourth Amendment rights.


Context: what does it amend?

Context: It deals with three main issues: what government activities are "searches" and "seizures", what constitutes probable cause to conduct searches and seizures, and how to address violations of the amendment.

Question: what does it apply to?

Answer: For unreasonable searches and seizures and to safeguard the privacy and security of individuals against arbitrary invasions by governmental officials.

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Explanation: The Fourth Amendment typically requires "a neutral and detached authority interposed between the police and the public", and it is offended by "general warrants" and laws that allow searches to be conducted "indiscriminately and without regard to their connection with [a] crime under investigation", for the "basic purpose of the Fourth Amendment, which is enforceable against the States through the Fourteenth, through its prohibition of 'unreasonable' searches and seizures is to safeguard the privacy and security of individuals against arbitrary invasions by governmental officials."


Context: what does it amend?

Context: what does it apply to?

Context: For unreasonable searches and seizures and to safeguard the privacy and security of individuals against arbitrary invasions by governmental officials.

Question: are there any limitations?

Answer: Yes, the submission of illegally obtained evidence when questioning witnesses.

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Explanation: Since 1974, the Supreme Court has repeatedly limited the exclusionary rule. In "United States v. Calandra" (1974), the Court ruled that grand juries may use illegally obtained evidence when questioning witnesses, because "the damage to that institution from the unprecedented extension of the exclusionary rule outweighs the benefit of any possible incremental deterrent effect." Explaining the purpose of the rule, the Court said the rule "is a judicially created remedy designed to safeguard Fourth Amendment rights generally through its deterrent effect, rather than a personal constitutional right of the party aggrieved".


Context: what does it amend?

Context: what does it apply to?

Context: are there any limitations?

Context: Yes, the submission of illegally obtained evidence when questioning witnesses.

Question: what kind of searches can be carried out?

Answer: A check where there is no physically intrusion on "persons, houses, papers, or effects" for the purpose of obtaining information, can be carried out.

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Explanation: One threshold question in the Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is whether a "search" has occurred. Initial Fourth Amendment case law hinged on a citizen's property rights—that is, when the government physically intrudes on "persons, houses, papers, or effects" for the purpose of obtaining information, a "search" within the original meaning of the Fourth Amendment has occurred.


Context: what does it amend?

Context: what does it apply to?

Context: are there any limitations?

Context: what kind of searches can be carried out?

Context: A check where there is no physically intrusion on "persons, houses, papers, or effects" for the purpose of obtaining information, can be carried out.

Question: are there any exlusions to the rules?

Answer: Yes. For example :  an officer can stop an automobile and detains the driver in order to check his driver's license and the registration if he has articulable and reasonable suspicion that a motorist is unlicensed or that an automobile is not registered, or either the vehicle or an occupant is otherwise subject to seizure for violation of law.

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Explanation: The government may not detain an individual even momentarily without reasonable and articulable suspicion, with a few exceptions. In "Delaware v. Prouse" (1979), the Court ruled an officer has made an illegal seizure when he stops an automobile and detains the driver in order to check his driver's license and the registration of the automobile, unless the officer has articulable and reasonable suspicion that a motorist is unlicensed or that an automobile is not registered, or either the vehicle or an occupant is otherwise subject to seizure for violation of law.


Context: what does it amend?

Context: what does it apply to?

Context: are there any limitations?

Context: are there any exlusions to the rules?

Context: Yes. For example :  an officer can stop an automobile and detains the driver in order to check his driver's license and the registration if he has articulable and reasonable suspicion that a motorist is unlicensed or that an automobile is not registered, or either the vehicle or an occupant is otherwise subject to seizure for violation of law.

Question: is this amendment part of any legal document?

Answer: Yes, the Bill of Rights.

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Explanation: The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights.


Context: what does it amend?

Context: what does it apply to?

Context: are there any limitations?

Context: are there any exlusions to the rules?

Context: is this amendment part of any legal document?

Context: Yes, the Bill of Rights.

Question: what is this?

Answer: It is a declaration of the rights that a citizenry have.

Explanation: A bill of rights, or the Bill of Rights, is a declaration of the rights that a citizenry have.


Context: what does it amend?

Context: what does it apply to?

Context: are there any limitations?

Context: are there any exlusions to the rules?

Context: Yes, the Bill of Rights.

Context: what is this?

Context: It is a declaration of the rights that a citizenry have.

Question: when was it created?

Answer: 1689

Explanation: The Petition of Right 1628, the Habeas Corpus Act 1679 and the Bill of Rights 1689 established certain rights in statute.


Context: what does it amend?

Context: what does it apply to?

Context: are there any limitations?

Context: are there any exlusions to the rules?

Context: Yes, the Bill of Rights.

Context: what is this?

Context: when was it created?

Question: for which country is this?

Answer: England

Explanation: The Bill of Rights 1689, also known as the Bill of Rights 1688, is a landmark Act in the constitutional law of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown.


Question: who is john de gray?

Answer: An English prelate

Explanation: John de Gray or de Grey (died 18 October 1214) was an English prelate who served as Bishop of Norwich, and was elected but unconfirmed Archbishop of Canterbury.


Context:
who is john de gray?
An English prelate

Question: when was he born?

Answer: UNANSWERABLE


Context:
who is john de gray?
An English prelate
when was he born?
UNANSWERABLE

Question: what post did he hold in the church?

Answer: Bishop

Explanation: De Gray was elected Bishop of Norwich on about 7 September 1200,


Context:
who is john de gray?
An English prelate
when was he born?
UNANSWERABLE
what post did he hold in the church?
Bishop

Question: do you know for which place?

Answer: Norwich


Context:
who is john de gray?
An English prelate
when was he born?
UNANSWERABLE
what post did he hold in the church?
Bishop
do you know for which place?
Norwich

Question: where is this place located?

Answer: Norfolk, England.

Explanation: Norwich () is a city in Norfolk, England, on the River Wensum in East Anglia, about north-east of London


Context:
who is john de gray?
An English prelate
when was he born?
UNANSWERABLE
what post did he hold in the church?
Bishop
do you know for which place?
Norwich
where is this place located?
Norfolk, England.

Question: what is the capital of the country you just mentioned?

Answer: London

Explanation: The capital is London, which has the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and, prior to Brexit, the European Union.


Context: who is john de gray?

Context: An English prelate

Context: when was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what post did he hold in the church?

Context: Bishop

Context: do you know for which place?

Context: Norwich

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Norfolk, England.

Context: what is the capital of the country you just mentioned?

Context: London

Question: can you please name some other cities in this country?

Answer: Liverpool and Newcastle.

Explanation: The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively.


Context: who is john de gray?

Context: An English prelate

Context: when was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what post did he hold in the church?

Context: Bishop

Context: do you know for which place?

Context: Norwich

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Norfolk, England.

Context: London

Context: can you please name some other cities in this country?

Context: Liverpool and Newcastle.

Question: what religions are followed in this country?

Answer: Christianity

Explanation: Christianity is the most widely practised religion in England,


Context: who is john de gray?

Context: An English prelate

Context: when was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what post did he hold in the church?

Context: Bishop

Context: do you know for which place?

Context: Norwich

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Norfolk, England.

Context: London

Context: Liverpool and Newcastle.

Context: what religions are followed in this country?

Context: Christianity

Question: which sports are played here?

Answer: Association football, cricket, rugby, etc.

Explanation: Sports originating in England include association football, cricket, rugby union, rugby league, tennis, boxing, badminton, squash, rounders, hockey, snooker, billiards, darts, table tennis, bowls, netball, thoroughbred horseracing, greyhound racing and fox hunting. It has helped the development of golf, sailing and Formula One.


Context: who is john de gray?

Context: An English prelate

Context: when was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what post did he hold in the church?

Context: Bishop

Context: do you know for which place?

Context: Norwich

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Norfolk, England.

Context: London

Context: Liverpool and Newcastle.

Context: Christianity

Context: which sports are played here?

Context: Association football, cricket, rugby, etc.

Question: what wildlife would you find here?

Answer: Rare species of animals.

Explanation: Often they contain rare species or nationally important species of plants and animals.


Context: who is john de gray?

Context: An English prelate

Context: when was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what post did he hold in the church?

Context: Bishop

Context: do you know for which place?

Context: Norwich

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Norfolk, England.

Context: London

Context: Liverpool and Newcastle.

Context: Christianity

Context: which sports are played here?

Context: what wildlife would you find here?

Context: Rare species of animals.

Question: what is the human population?

Answer: 53 million inhabitants.

Explanation: With over 53 million inhabitants, England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom, accounting for 84% of the combined total.


Context: who is john de gray?

Context: An English prelate

Context: when was he born?

Context: UNANSWERABLE

Context: what post did he hold in the church?

Context: Bishop

Context: do you know for which place?

Context: Norwich

Context: where is this place located?

Context: Norfolk, England.

Context: London

Context: Liverpool and Newcastle.

Context: Christianity

Context: which sports are played here?

Context: what wildlife would you find here?

Context: Rare species of animals.

Context: what is the human population?

Context: 53 million inhabitants.

Question: do they have any national symbols?

Answer: Yes, The St George's Cross.

Explanation: The St George's Cross has been the national flag of England since the 13th century.


Question: harry potter order of the pheonix word count

Answer: It is the longest book of the series.

Explanation: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the "Harry Potter" series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. It sold five million copies in the first 24 hours of publication. It is the longest book of the series.


Context: harry potter order of the pheonix word count

Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Question: who are the main characters in this series?

Answer: Harry PotterHarry, Ron, Hermione, Ginny Weasley and Fred and George Weasley

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

Explanation:
During the summer holidays, 15-year-old Harry Potter and his cousin Dudley are attacked by Dementors. Forced to use magic to fend them off, Harry is expelled from Hogwarts, but his expulsion is postponed pending a hearing at the Ministry of Magic. Harry is eventually whisked off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, the childhood home of Sirius Black, by a group of wizards belonging to the Order of the Phoenix.

Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger explain that the Order is a secret organisation led by Hogwarts headmaster Albus Dumbledore, dedicated to fighting Lord Voldemort and the Death Eaters. Harry, Ron, Hermione, Ginny Weasley and Fred and George Weasley learn that Voldemort is seeking something he lacked prior to his defeat. The Ministry, led by Cornelius Fudge, refuses to accept Voldemort's return, and are running a smear campaign against Harry and Dumbledore. At the hearing, Dumbledore speaks on Harry's behalf, leading to him being cleared of all charges.


Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Context: who are the main characters in this series?

Context: Harry PotterHarry, Ron, Hermione, Ginny Weasley and Fred and George Weasley

Question: who wrote this novel?

Answer: J. K. Rowling

Explanation: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the "Harry Potter" series. It follows Harry


Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Context: who wrote this novel?

Context: J. K. Rowling

Question: what is the storyline in this series?

Answer: During the summer holidays, 15-year-old Harry Potter and his cousin Dudley are attacked by Dementors. Forced to use magic to fend them off, Harry is expelled from Hogwarts, but his expulsion is postponed pending a hearing at the Ministry of Magic. Harry is eventually whisked off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, the childhood home of Sirius Black, by a group of wizards belonging to the Order of the Phoenix.

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

Explanation: During the summer holidays, 15-year-old Harry Potter and his cousin Dudley are attacked by Dementors. Forced to use magic to fend them off, Harry is expelled from Hogwarts, but his expulsion is postponed pending a hearing at the Ministry of Magic. Harry is eventually whisked off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, the childhood home of Sirius Black, by a group of wizards belonging to the Order of the Phoenix.


Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Context: who wrote this novel?

Context: J. K. Rowling

Context: what is the storyline in this series?

Context: During the summer holidays, 15-year-old Harry Potter and his cousin Dudley are attacked by Dementors. Forced to use magic to fend them off, Harry is expelled from Hogwarts, but his expulsion is postponed pending a hearing at the Ministry of Magic. Harry is eventually whisked off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, the childhood home of Sirius Black, by a group of wizards belonging to the Order of the Phoenix.

Question: what is this ministry of magic mentioned above?

Answer: he Ministry of Magic is the government of the Magical community of Britain in J. K. Rowling's Wizarding World, headed by an official entitled the Minister for Magic

Explanation: The Ministry of Magic is the government of the Magical community of Britain in J. K. Rowling's Wizarding World, headed by an official entitled the Minister for Magic. The magical government in Britain is first mentioned in "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"; the Ministry makes its first proper appearance in "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix". Throughout the books, it is regularly depicted as co


Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Context: who wrote this novel?

Context: J. K. Rowling

Context: what is the storyline in this series?

Context: what is this ministry of magic mentioned above?

Context: he Ministry of Magic is the government of the Magical community of Britain in J. K. Rowling's Wizarding World, headed by an official entitled the Minister for Magic

Question: who are the artists who played the main characters?

Answer: Emma Watson and  Daniel Radcliffe

Explanation: In the eight "Harry Potter" films screened from 2001 to 2011, Harry Potter has been portrayed by British actor Daniel Radcliffe. Radcliffe was asked to audition for the role of Harry in 2000 by producer David Heyman, while in attendance at a play titled "Stones in His Pockets" in London.


Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Context: who wrote this novel?

Context: J. K. Rowling

Context: what is the storyline in this series?

Context: who are the artists who played the main characters?

Context: Emma Watson and  Daniel Radcliffe

Question: who is the former?

Answer: She is an english actress, model, and activist

Explanation: Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson (born 15 April 1990) is an English actress, model, and activist.


Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Context: who wrote this novel?

Context: J. K. Rowling

Context: what is the storyline in this series?

Context: Emma Watson and  Daniel Radcliffe

Context: who is the former?

Context: She is an english actress, model, and activist

Question: what are her other ventures?

Answer: She models also having began her modelling career with a photoshoot for "Teen Vogue"

Explanation: 2005, Watson began her modelling career with a photoshoot for "Teen Vogue", which made her the youngest person ever to feature on its cover. Three years later, the British press reported that Watson was to replace Keira Knightley as the face of the fashion house Chanel, but this was denied by both parties. In June 2009, following several months of rumours, Watson confirmed that she would be partnering with Burberry as the face of their Autumn/Winter 2009 campaign, for which she received an estimated six-figure fee. She also appeared in Burberry's 2010 Spring/Summer campaign alongside her brother Alex, musicians George Craig and Matt Gilmour, and model Max Hurd. In February 2011, Watson was awarded the Style Icon award from British "Elle" by Dame Vivienne Westwood. Watson continued her involvement in fashion advertising when she announce


Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Context: who wrote this novel?

Context: J. K. Rowling

Context: what is the storyline in this series?

Context: Emma Watson and  Daniel Radcliffe

Context: who is the former?

Context: what are her other ventures?

Context: She models also having began her modelling career with a photoshoot for "Teen Vogue"

Question: what does the actress do as an activist?

Answer: She identifies herself as a feminist and has promoted education for girls, travelling to Bangladesh and Zambia to do so. In July 2014, she was appointed a UN Women Goodwill ambassador.

Explanation: atson identifies as a feminist. She has promoted education for girls, travelling to Bangladesh and Zambia to do so. In July 2014, she was appointed a UN Women Goodwill ambassador. That September, an admittedly nervous Watson delivered an address at UN Headquarters in New York City to launch the UN Women campaign HeForShe, which calls for men to advocate for gender equality. In that speech she said she began questioning gender-based assumptions at age eight when she was called "bossy" (a trait she has attributed to her being a "perfectionist") whilst boys were not, and at 14 when she was "sexualised by certain elements of the media". Watson's speech also described feminism as "the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities" and declared that the perception of "man-hating" is something that "has to stop". Watson later said she received threats within less than twelve hours of making the speech, which left her "raging. ... If they were trying to put me off [women


Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Context: who wrote this novel?

Context: J. K. Rowling

Context: what is the storyline in this series?

Context: Emma Watson and  Daniel Radcliffe

Context: who is the former?

Context: what are her other ventures?

Context: what does the actress do as an activist?

Context: She identifies herself as a feminist and has promoted education for girls, travelling to Bangladesh and Zambia to do so. In July 2014, she was appointed a UN Women Goodwill ambassador.

Question: what is the last mentioned un title?

Answer: It is a title given to a person who advocates for a specific cause or global issue on the basis of their notability as a public figure

Explanation: A goodwill ambassador is a person who advocates for a specific cause or global issue on the basis of their notability as a public figure. Goodwill am


Context: It is the longest book of the series.

Context: who wrote this novel?

Context: J. K. Rowling

Context: what is the storyline in this series?

Context: Emma Watson and  Daniel Radcliffe

Context: who is the former?

Context: what are her other ventures?

Context: what is the last mentioned un title?

Context: It is a title given to a person who advocates for a specific cause or global issue on the basis of their notability as a public figure

Question: was the book series mentioned at the start made into a film?

Answer: Yes he book was also made into a 2007 film of the same name

Explanation: "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" won several awards, including the American Library Association Best Book Award for Young Adults in 2003. The book was also made into a 2007 film, and a video game by Electronic Arts.


Question: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Answer: It is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae.

Explanation: is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae.


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: It is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae.

Question: who was the first to name and describe it?

Answer: The first mention of "Lactifluus volemus" in the scientific literature was in Carl Linnaeus's 1753 "Species Plantarum", under the name "Agaricus lactifluus".

Explanation: he first mention of "Lactifluus volemus" in the scientific literature was in Carl Linnaeus's 1753 "Species Plantarum", under the name "Agaricus lactifluus". In 1821, Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries called it "Agaricus volemus" in his "Systema Mycologicum". In this work he proposed a grouping of related species (called a "tribus", or tribe) within the genus "Agaricus", which he named "Galorrheus". Fries later recognised "Lactarius" as a distinct genus in his 1838 "Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici", citing "Galorrheus" as a synonym. Although Linnaeus had published the species before Fries, Fries's name is sanctioned and thus has nomenclatural priority. In 1871 Paul Kummer raised most of Fries's tribes to generic rank, and so renamed the species "Galorrheus volemus". The variety "L. volemus" var. "subrugosus" was identified by Charles Horton Peck in 1879, but is now classified as a separate species, "L. corrugis". In 1891, Otto Kuntze moved the species into "Lactifluus", which was af


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: who was the first to name and describe it?

Context: The first mention of "Lactifluus volemus" in the scientific literature was in Carl Linnaeus's 1753 "Species Plantarum", under the name "Agaricus lactifluus".

Question: can this be consumed by humans?

Answer: Yes, it is edible.

Explanation: "Lactifluus volemus" is edible


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Question: in the family of fungal species mentioned above, are there any species that cause decay in wooden objects?

Answer: The corticioid species in "Boidinia", "Gloeopeniophorella", and "Pseudoxenasma" are saprotrophic, wood-degrading fungi that develop on dead wood.

Explanation: The corticioid species in "Boidinia", "Gloeopeniophorella", and "Pseudoxenasma" are saprotrophic, wood-degrading fungi that develop on dead wood.


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: in the family of fungal species mentioned above, are there any species that cause decay in wooden objects?

Context: The corticioid species in "Boidinia", "Gloeopeniophorella", and "Pseudoxenasma" are saprotrophic, wood-degrading fungi that develop on dead wood.

Question: are there any endangered species within this family?

Answer: Yes, some species of "Lactarius", "Lactifluus" and "Russula"  are endangered.

Explanation: However, national lists contain some species of "Lactarius", "Lactifluus" and "Russula", indicating that they have small populations and are endangered, e.g. in Great Britain, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, and New Zealand.


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: are there any endangered species within this family?

Context: Yes, some species of "Lactarius", "Lactifluus" and "Russula"  are endangered.

Question: what other works has the afore-mentioned scientist published?

Answer: Philosophia Botanica, Species Plantarum

Explanation: Linnaeus published "Philosophia Botanica" in 1751.


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: what other works has the afore-mentioned scientist published?

Context: Philosophia Botanica, Species Plantarum

Question: when was the first work published?

Answer: 1751

Explanation: Philosophia Botanica ("Botanical Philosophy", ed. 1, Stockholm & Amsterdam, 1751.)


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: Philosophia Botanica, Species Plantarum

Context: when was the first work published?

Question: under what context was it published?

Answer: The first edition of 1735 was just eleven pages long, but this expanded with further editions until the final thirteenth edition of 1767 had reached over 3000 pages.

Historical context of Linnaean publications

Explanation: The first edition was published in 1735 and in it he outlines his ideas for the hierarchical classification of the natural world (the “system of nature”) by dividing it into the animal kingdom ("Regnum animale"), the plant kingdom ("Regnum vegetabile") and the "mineral kingdom" ("Regnum lapideum") each of which he further divided into classes, orders, genera and species, with [generic] characters, [specific] differences, synonyms, and places of occurrence. The tenth edition of this book in 1758 has been adopted as the starting point for zoological nomenclature. The first edition of 1735 was just eleven pages long, but this expanded with further editions until the final thirteenth edition of 1767 had reached over 3000 pages.


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: Philosophia Botanica, Species Plantarum

Context: when was the first work published?

Context: under what context was it published?

Context: The first edition of 1735 was just eleven pages long, but this expanded with further editions until the final thirteenth edition of 1767 had reached over 3000 pages.

Question: are there other scientists who have studied the species that we first mentioned?

Answer: Yes, Ray and Tournefort.

Explanation:
 The terms genus and species acquired their specialized biological usage from Linnaeus's predecessors, in particular Ray and Tournefort. There was also the question of whether plants should a) be put together or separated because they conform to a definition (essentialism) or b) put together with plants having similar characteristics generally, regardless of the definition (empiricism). Linnaeus was inclined to take the first approach using the Method of Logical Division based on definition, what he called in "Philosophia Botanica" §152 the "dispositio theoretica" – but in practice he employed both methods.

Botanical historian Alan Morton, though praising Linnaeus's contribution to classification and nomenclature, is less complimentary about the theoretical ideas expressed in the publications discussed above:


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: Philosophia Botanica, Species Plantarum

Context: when was the first work published?

Context: under what context was it published?

Context: are there other scientists who have studied the species that we first mentioned?

Context: Yes, Ray and Tournefort.

Question: where is that species commonly found?

Answer: The northern hemisphere, in temperate regions of Europe, North America and Asia as well as some subtropical and tropical regions of Central America and Asia.

Explanation: the northern hemisphere, in temperate regions of Europe, North America and Asia as well as some subtropical and tropical regions of Central America and Asia.


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: Philosophia Botanica, Species Plantarum

Context: when was the first work published?

Context: under what context was it published?

Context: Yes, Ray and Tournefort.

Context: where is that species commonly found?

Context: The northern hemisphere, in temperate regions of Europe, North America and Asia as well as some subtropical and tropical regions of Central America and Asia.

Question: other than the type mentioned above, what are the different types of fungi?

Answer: "Lactifluus", "Multifurca", "Russula", and "Lactarius"

Explanation: An important group of root-symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests and shrublands around the world includes "Lactifluus", "Multifurca", "Russula", and "Lactarius". The crust-forming genera "Boidinia", "Gloeopeniophorella", and "Pseudoxenasma", all wood-decay fungi, have basal positions in the family.


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: Philosophia Botanica, Species Plantarum

Context: when was the first work published?

Context: under what context was it published?

Context: Yes, Ray and Tournefort.

Context: where is that species commonly found?

Context: other than the type mentioned above, what are the different types of fungi?

Context: "Lactifluus", "Multifurca", "Russula", and "Lactarius"

Question: how are the different species identified within the last type?

Answer: It is a large genus with over 500 known species.

Explanation: Like the closely related genus "Russula", their flesh has a distinctive brittle consistency. It is a large genus with over 500 known species, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Recently, the genus "Lactifluus" has been separated from "Lactarius" based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: Philosophia Botanica, Species Plantarum

Context: when was the first work published?

Context: under what context was it published?

Context: Yes, Ray and Tournefort.

Context: where is that species commonly found?

Context: how are the different species identified within the last type?

Context: It is a large genus with over 500 known species.

Question: what is the meaning of the fifth word mentioned here?

Answer: It is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family.

Explanation: a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family.


Context: what species is lactifluus volemus?

Context: can this be consumed by humans?

Context: Yes, it is edible.

Context: Philosophia Botanica, Species Plantarum

Context: when was the first work published?

Context: under what context was it published?

Context: Yes, Ray and Tournefort.

Context: where is that species commonly found?

Context: what is the meaning of the fifth word mentioned here?

Context: It is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family.

Question: are there other names used in the same context as this one?

Answer: Yes, type specimen

Explanation: In zoology, this is the type species and the generic name is permanently associated with the type specimen of its type species. Should the specimen turn out to be assignable to another genus, the generic name linked to it becomes a junior synonym and the remaining taxa in the former genus need to be reassessed.


Question: what is calbovista?

Answer: It is a fungal genus containing the single species Calbovista subsculpta.

Explanation: Calbovista is a fungal genus containing the single species Calbovista subsculpta, commonly known as the sculptured puffball, s


Context: what is calbovista?

Context: It is a fungal genus containing the single species Calbovista subsculpta.

Question: how does it look like?

Answer: Sculptured puffball which is more or less round, white becoming brownish in age and covered with shallow pyramid-shaped plates or scales.

Explanation: sculptured puffball, sculptured giant puffball, and warted giant puffball. It is a common puffball of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast ranges of western North America. The puffball is more or less round with a diameter of up to , white becoming brownish in age, and covered with shallow pyramid-shaped plates or scales. It fruits singly or in gro


Context: what is calbovista?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: Sculptured puffball which is more or less round, white becoming brownish in age and covered with shallow pyramid-shaped plates or scales.

Question: who described it for the first time?

Answer: Elizabeth Eaton Morse.

Explanation: Although the puffball was originally described as new to science by Elizabeth Eaton Morse in 1935, i


Context: what is calbovista?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who described it for the first time?

Context: Elizabeth Eaton Morse.

Question: where did she describe it?

Answer: "Mycologia" article.

Explanation: In her 1935 "Mycologia" article, American mycologist Elizabeth Eaton Morse noted the existen


Context: what is calbovista?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who described it for the first time?

Context: Elizabeth Eaton Morse.

Context: where did she describe it?

Context: "Mycologia" article.

Question: where was she from?

Answer: Framingham, Massachusetts.

Explanation: Elizabeth Eaton Morse (31 December 1864 – 13 November 1955) was an American mycologist. Born in Framingham, Massachusetts, she graduated from Ashland, Massachusetts, High Sc


Context: what is calbovista?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who described it for the first time?

Context: Elizabeth Eaton Morse.

Context: where did she describe it?

Context: "Mycologia" article.

Context: where was she from?

Context: Framingham, Massachusetts.

Question: name a few interesting spots over there?

Answer: Shoppers World and Boston Scientific headquarters.

Explanation: The area was formed with the construction of Shoppers World in 1951. Shoppers' World was a large open air shopping mall, the second in the US and the first east of the Mississippi River. The mall drew many


Context: what is calbovista?

Context: how does it look like?

Context: who described it for the first time?

Context: Elizabeth Eaton Morse.

Context: where did she describe it?

Context: "Mycologia" article.

Context: where was she from?

Context: Framingham, Massachusetts.

Context: name a few interesting spots over there?

Context: Shoppers World and Boston Scientific headquarters.

Question: what kind of commuter service does the place have?

Answer: Park and ride services.

Explanation: Park and ride services: