According to relevant literature the use of the 1st participle as a predicative is said to be very restricted. The restrictions, however, are understood in
a very general way. The 1st participle is used as a predicative when it is used as a complement of a verb, and when it is used as a complement of a noun. The 1st participle is used as a complement of a verb when it is used as a predicate of a verb,